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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74797cf --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63098 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63098) diff --git a/old/63098-0.txt b/old/63098-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 16ca999..0000000 --- a/old/63098-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8576 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Horse's Friend, by O. S. Pratt - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Horse's Friend - The Only Practical Method of Educating the Horse and - Eradicating Vicious Habits - -Author: O. S. Pratt - -Release Date: September 1, 2020 [EBook #63098] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HORSE'S FRIEND *** - - - - -Produced by Julia Miller and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - - -[Illustration: O. S. Pratt] - - - - - THE HORSE’S FRIEND. - - THE ONLY PRACTICAL METHOD - OF - EDUCATING THE HORSE - AND - ERADICATING VICIOUS HABITS, - FOLLOWED BY A VARIETY OF VALUABLE RECIPES, INSTRUCTIONS IN - FARRIERY, HORSESHOEING, THE LATEST RULES OF TROTTING, AND THE - RECORD OF FAST HORSES UP TO 1876. - - [Illustration] - - BY PROF. O. S. PRATT. - - TENTH THOUSAND. - - ILLUSTRATED BY OVER ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY ELEGANT ENGRAVINGS. - - BUFFALO: - PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR. - 1876. - - Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1875, by - O. S. PRATT, - In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. - - Entered according to the act of the Parliament of Canada, in - the year 1876, by - O. S. PRATT, - In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. - - The Electrotyping, Printing and Binding, by - THE COURIER COMPANY, - BUFFALO, N. Y. - - The Drawing and Engraving, by the - BUREAU OF ILLUSTRATION, - BUFFALO, N. Y. - - - - -DEDICATION. - - -To His Excellency, ULYSSES S. GRANT, President of the United States; -to the members of the two houses of Congress, and to the gentlemen -connected with Foreign Legations, who have belonged to my private -classes, in connection with the thousands in all the principal cities -and towns of the United States and Canada, who have been members of my -various classes, this work on THE EDUCATION OF THE HORSE, is respectfully -dedicated. Cheered by their presence, and encouraged by their approbation -during the eight years in which the author has been engaged in -diffusing a knowledge of his system of Equine Education, their generous -appreciation continues to fill the present with treasured memories of the -past, amongst the most prized of which is that of the friendship it has -been his happiness to secure from gentlemen distinguished alike in the -walks of politics, religion, science, literature and art. - - THE AUTHOR. - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - Portrait of O. S. Pratt, Frontispiece. - - The old homestead, 16 - - My first store in Batavia, 22 - - My second and enlarged store, 26 - - Gold-headed cane, 51 - - Gold-mounted whip, 61 - - Portrait of Mrs. Pratt, 78 - - Washington gold medal, 82 - - Bridgeport Academy, 94 - - Nahant Beach residence, 100 - - Lewiston Academy, 108 - - Music box, 120 - - Silver tea-service, 130 - - New method of haltering a wild colt, 160 - - To educate to the words “Come here”, 164 - - How to lay a horse down, 168 - - How to get a horse up that throws himself, 172 - - To educate a colt not to be afraid of his heels, 176 - - To educate a colt to drive before being harnessed, 180 - - To educate a colt to move his body and head, 184 - - Improved method of bitting a colt, 188 - - Educating the colt to ride, 192 - - Instructions to ride the colt, 196 - - To halter-break a colt, 200 - - To educate a horse not to kick in the stable, 204 - - To educate a horse not to paw or kick in the stable, 208 - - To educate a horse not to get cast in the stall, 212 - - To educate a colt to lead behind a wagon, 216 - - To educate a horse bad to catch, 220 - - To educate a horse not to rear, 224 - - To educate and prevent a horse from cribbing, 226 - - To educate and break a halter-puller, 232 - - To educate a horse not to kick when line gets under his tail, 236 - - To educate a horse not to kick, 240 - - To educate a horse bad to groom, 246 - - Bits used in educating horses, 250 - - To educate horses not to fear objects when driving, 256 - - To educate a horse not to fear an umbrella, 260 - - Second lesson, 264 - - To educate a single-footed horse to trot square, 268 - - To educate a pacing horse to trot, 272 - - To educate a horse to trot, 276 - - To educate a horse not to kick while in shafts, 280 - - To educate a lazy horse and infuse life into him, 286 - - To start a balky horse, 290 - - To educate a balky horse, 294 - - To educate a horse not to kick while being shod, 298 - - To educate a horse while standing bad to shoe, 302 - - Double-hitch Bonaparte bridle, 306 - - Controlling a horse bad to shoe, 310 - - To educate a horse not to fear the cars, 314 - - To educate a horse to back at the word of command, 318 - - To educate horses or cattle not to jump fences, 322 - - To educate a cow not to kick while being milked, 326 - - To educate a cow to let her milk down, 330 - - Practical results of foregoing education, 334 - - To educate cattle to lead behind a wagon, 338 - - To educate a tender-mouthed horse, 342 - - To educate horses not to fear a buffalo robe, 345 - - Patent steel and hoof-expanding shoe, 362 - - To educate a horse to mount a pedestal, 366 - - To educate a horse to walk on his hind feet, 370 - - To educate a horse to push a vehicle, 376 - - To educate a horse to be vicious, 378 - - To educate a horse to walk on his knees, 382 - - To educate a horse to drive a boy off the pedestal, 386 - - To educate a horse to sit down, 390 - - To educate a horse to bore for oil, 394 - - A sure method of making a horse bad to catch, 398 - - To educate a horse to take a handkerchief from his side, 402 - - To educate a horse to kiss a boy, 406 - - System of educating dogs, 410 - - Another illustration of educating dogs, 414 - - Curing colic in horses, 418 - - The only practical way to give a horse medicine, 422 - - New method of telling the horse’s age, 426 and 427 - - To prevent horses from interfering or overreaching, 440 - - Paring the hoof, 451 - - Long foot before treatment, 452 - - Long foot after treatment, 453 - - Coffin-bone, 454 - - Fitting a shoe to remove pressure from the heel, 456 - - Instructions respecting the feet, 457 - - Contracted foot after treatment, 458 - - Expanding the foot after it has been pared out, 461 - - Lateral quarter-crack before treatment, 462 - - Quarter-crack under treatment, 463 - - Straight quarter-crack under treatment, 464 - - Quarter-crack after treatment, 467 - - Toe crack before treatment, 468 - - Toe crack after treatment, 473 - - Four engravings showing thrush and pumice foot, 474 - - Hoof-bound, under treatment, 475 - - Overgrowth of hoof, 479 - - Overgrowth of hoof—front view before treatment, 480 - - Overgrowth of hoof—front view after treatment, 481 - - Navicula—enlargement of metacarpal bone, 482 - - Showing how to find enlargement of metacarpal bone, 488 - - A foot that is deprived of the free use of the back tendons, 490 - - Ossified growth of upper and lower pastern joint, 491 - - The sensitive frog, 492 - - Section of the pastern and other bones, 494 - - - - -TABLE OF CONTENTS. - - - CHAPTER I. - - Introduction—Early Life—Thirst for Knowledge—First Attempts in - Business—Success—Marriage, 11 - - CHAPTER II. - - Enlarging Business—Attachment to the Horse—Visits to Batavia of - Rarey and Hamilton—My own System—Coming before the Public—Early - Success, 24 - - CHAPTER III. - - Visit to Montrose—Large Class at Scranton—Diploma—Wilkesbarre - —Enthusiastic Reception—Complimentary Notice—Testimonial, 35 - - CHAPTER IV. - - Across the Mountains—Easton—Hamburg—Lancaster—Testimonials— - Westchester—Diploma—Philadelphia—Class of 2,523—Cane, 41 - - CHAPTER V. - - York—Port Deposit—Baltimore—Success—Diploma—Getting Whipped—Class - of 3,500, 56 - - CHAPTER VI. - - Washington—A Large Class—The President a Pupil—The White - House—Halls of Congress—Diploma—Dr. Newman’s Address—Gold Medal, 67 - - CHAPTER VII. - - Annapolis—Delaware—New Jersey—New York State—The Great - Emporium—Chicago in Flames, 84 - - CHAPTER VIII. - - Bridgeport—Fall of Academy—Providence—Boston—Class of - 3,000—Lynn—Purchase of a Residence—Portland—Bangor, 95 - - CHAPTER IX. - - Lewiston—Educating the Horse “Anfield”—Testimonial—Concord— - Manchester—A Steam Engine in the Ring—Lowell—Lawrence, 104 - - CHAPTER X. - - Tour in Canada—Montreal—Class of 1,000—Victoria Bridge— - Cathedral—Quebec—Ottawa—Kingston—Detroit—Diploma—Valuable - Testimonial—Simcoe, 113 - - CHAPTER XI. - - Toronto—“British Ensign”—Diploma—Silver Tea-Set—Hamilton— - Belleville—Diploma—Picton, 124 - - HISTORY OF THE HORSE, 141 - - DIRECTIONS FOR FEEDING AND FITTING HORSES, 154 - - SYSTEM OF EDUCATING THE HORSE, 161 - - INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS, 345 - - TRICK HORSES, 363 - - EDUCATING DOGS, 411 - - MISCELLANEOUS, 419 - - TRAINING STEERS, 428 - - TREATISE ON HORSESHOEING, 431 - - DUNBAR SYSTEM OF HORSESHOEING, 445 - - RECIPES, 496 - - RECORD OF FAST HORSES UP TO 1876, 513 - - REVISED RULES OF TROTTING COURSE, 521 - - - - -AUTOBIOGRAPHY. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -INTRODUCTION—EARLY LIFE—THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE—FIRST ATTEMPTS IN -BUSINESS—SUCCESS—MARRIAGE. - - -In the social interchanges of life it is always pleasant to possess some -knowledge of the antecedent history of the ones we meet; to know who and -what they are; while to one who feels that there is something in his own -career not unworthy of notice, there is a satisfaction in recounting -the steps by which his success has been attained; especially, if in -gaining it he has been called to contend with difficulties and vanquish -obstacles which opposed his progress. Such narratives may prove helps and -encouragements, as they show what energy and perseverance have achieved, -and thus stimulate others to stronger and more successful endeavors. -This was taught by the greatest of our American poets in his well-known -lines: - - “Lives of great men all remind us - We may make our lives sublime; - And, departing, leave behind us - Foot-prints on the sands of time.” - -Although few men may lay claim to greatness in its military, political -or literary sense, there is something in every earnest life which will -interest and instruct other men, and which may prove an assistance to -some, who, with failing hearts are engaged in life’s stern battle. With -this brief explanation of his design, the author of the following pages -trusts to receive the favorable attention of his readers as he proceeds -to recount the leading incidents of a somewhat eventful career. - -I was born in the town of Darien, Genesee County, in the State of New -York, on the seventh day of December, A. D. 1835. There, amidst the -quiet and elevating influences of nature, the bright days of my infancy -and childhood were passed, until my boyhood’s days were over, and my -fifteenth year of life was reached. - -My father owned the farm on which we lived, besides being the proprietor -of several mills, and, like many other purely practical men, he had a -higher appreciation of material than of intellectual advantages. As a -consequence, he was more desirous that I should early engage in the -active business of the farm, than that I should employ hours, which might -be made profitable in work, in studies which paid no immediate profit. - -At the age of eight years I was often sent after the cows, barefooted, -and a distance of nearly a mile through the woods, coming home after -the shades of night had fallen, and being obliged to trace my way by -following the cows in the narrow path made by them. Day after day, in my -great desire to secure an education, I would beg my father to send me to -school, but always he had work for me to do, and thus my endeavors were -foiled. But such was my determination to secure an education, that I -resolved, at all hazards, to go to school, and often did I jump from my -bed-room window and run a distance of half a mile to the school-house. My -greatest ambition was to be a merchant, and I knew that I must procure -at least a limited scholastic education to enable me to succeed in my -anticipated calling. But, while I was laying my youthful plans for the -future, my father would lay plans for work, and often, on returning at -night from school, I would hide in the barn till after dark, dreading -the punishment which awaited me for having gone to school in place of -working. - -[Illustration: THE OLD HOMESTEAD, DARIEN, GENESEE CO., N. Y.] - -At the age of ten years I have taken a team, gone alone into the woods -and loaded saw-logs on a sleigh, using the horses to draw up the logs. As -my father owned a saw-mill as well as a farm, it seemed to him necessary -that every effort should be put forth to keep both branches of business -going; therefore, no time was allotted to his children for securing an -education. Many times have I approached him, timidly and with tears, -humbly requesting to be allowed to go to school, when, instead of -responding to my desire, he would send me to the saw-mill to work; and at -the age of twelve or thirteen I ran the mill alone, though, while doing -so, I have had to mount on the lever and load it with extra weight, as -I was not heavy enough to raise the water-gate. Thus I labored on from -month to month, until I was fourteen, in the meantime going but little to -school. Many times I would lay plans to run away, believing that I could -do for myself, and make my own mark in the world. - -Money, in those times and in that region, was not plentiful, and I was -early taught its value, a lesson of great practical value to a youth who -has to hew his own path through life. Many times I have traveled miles -on a special errand for a neighbor, or for some traveler, and received -as compensation a single penny. Money, so hardly acquired, was not to be -expended lightly, and I saved my little earnings till the accumulated -sum amounted to four dollars. This seemed to me like quite a fortune. I -now felt myself to be a capitalist, and, naturally, the desire to use -my riches to advantage led me to seek some profitable investment which -would increase my wealth. My earliest speculation was the purchase of a -gun; but after the first pleasure of its possession had passed, I saw -my mistake in having expended money for something that would yield me -no increase, and began to look around for an opportunity to retrieve my -error. Soon a chance occurred for me to trade the gun off for a cow. I -saw there was “money in it,” and closed the bargain, thus turning my -first mistake into a profitable investment. Having become the owner of -a cow, my ambition was awakened to increase my stock, and I kept my -attention fixed in that direction until I was the sole proprietor of -three cows. I had now entered on my fifteenth year, and having learned -one day, in conversing with my father, that his intention was soon to -sell his farm and stock, and remove to the Far West, I proposed to him -to allow me to carve my own way in the world. I felt ambitious to strike -out for myself, and “paddle my own canoe.” To this my father consented, -when, after selling my cows and receiving the money, with all my fortune -in my pockets, I bade farewell to the parental roof and its many pleasant -associations, looking for the last time upon the - - “Old family Bible that lay on the stand,” - -and taking that decisive step by which I was to become the architect of -my own fortune. - -Having an uncle who resided in the town of Byron, I turned my steps in -that direction, and for the ensuing winter found a home beneath his roof. -During that season I devoted myself to study, attending the village -school under the superintendence of Mr. Bennum, whom I greatly esteemed, -and whose many acts of kindness linger in my memory to the present hour. - -On the opening of spring my thoughts turned towards commercial life, -and I devoted my time to becoming better acquainted with various -business avocations, intending to adopt some profitable employment. -After reflecting well, I took the money I had accumulated and with it -purchased a horse, wagon, and harness. Then, through the kindness of -a dear friend, who became responsible for me, I was loaned one hundred -dollars, and with this as my working capital I commenced traveling over -the country, buying produce and shipping it to Buffalo and New York. - -I continued in this business until the year 1855, when, having arrived -at the age of twenty, I began to think of enlarging my operations. -Influenced by this desire, I directed my course to the beautiful and -flourishing town of Batavia, where I secured a store and became a dealer -in all kinds of produce, shipping it, as before, to Buffalo and New York. - -[Illustration: FIRST STORE IN BATAVIA, N. Y.] - -The cut here given is an accurate representation of my first place -of business, and speaks for itself in regard to the size and general -appearance of the place. It was, however, as it proved, insufficient for -the business which flowed in upon me and increased so greatly that soon -I found it necessary to secure larger and more commodious premises. At -the time of doing this I determined to still further extend my business -by opening a wholesale and retail grocery and provision store. Fortune -smiled on my endeavors, and all evidences encouraged the belief that I -was on the direct road to wealth. - -Having thus attained a good position in business, my mind began to make -excursions in another direction. The wisest of men has said that “Whoso -findeth a wife findeth a good thing,” and, having a natural liking for -“a good thing,” I found my thoughts led to the important subject of -marriage, until I finally determined to try the experiment of trading -in the matrimonial market. After thus deciding, it took me but a short -time to reach the important object contemplated, for, it would seem, I -was specially directed in my course. I formed the acquaintance of Miss -Northrop, an estimable and accomplished young lady, the only daughter -of the late Dr. Northrop, and soon the fair one was led to the hymeneal -altar and became the wife and partner of O. S. Pratt. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -ENLARGING BUSINESS—ATTACHMENT TO THE HORSE—VISITS TO BATAVIA OF RAREY AND -HAMILTON—MY OWN SYSTEM—GOING BEFORE THE PUBLIC—EARLY SUCCESSES. - - -Having now made myself a home and feeling permanently settled, I desired -to still further increase my business, but finding my capital somewhat -too limited for the amount I wished to transact, I sought assistance -from an esteemed friend, Elandus Dotey, Esq., banker. The aid I sought -was given with a cheerfulness that added to its value, and enabled me to -carry into execution the plans which I had formed. The accommodations I -received frequently amounted to from ten thousand to twenty-five thousand -dollars, thus placing ample means in my hands for extended operations and -enabling me to do a large and remunerative business in which I continued -up to the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. - -[Illustration: BRICK STORE.] - -During these business years in Batavia my attachment for that noble -animal, the horse, gradually increased, and learning that a horse trainer -by the name of Rarey, intended visiting the town, I was one of the first -to seek for and obtain what knowledge I could from him; but finding his -system to be not at all practical, I applied myself to the investigation -of the subject, and began experimenting with a view to the discovery of a -better, simpler and more certain system. - -Some years later it was rumored that a gentleman named R. P. Hamilton, -who was self-announced as “the great renowned horse trainer,” would -give instruction on the subject. He soon made his appearance, and, with -others, I attended his lectures. Mr. Hamilton advanced some valuable -ideas which I gladly adopted and added to my former knowledge, and when -I had grasped all that was valuable in his instructions, and united it -to the results of my own experiments, I felt assured that, ere long, I -should reach the height of my ambition and develop a system of educating -the horse far in advance of anything then known, and by which my name -would be handed down to coming generations as one who, more than any -other, had befriended that noble but greatly abused animal. Often in my -retired moments my thoughts would go forward to the time when I should -be able to present my perfected system to the public, and as I looked -down the vista of time to the period when I should announce my system, my -mind pictured to itself the success I since have realized. I was fully -conscious of its value to the world, and thousands have since then freely -acknowledged the practicability and excellence of my system of educating -the horse. - -In the autumn of eighteen hundred and sixty-seven I felt myself -sufficiently master of my new and unequaled system to commit myself -unreservedly to its public advocacy: so, after selling out my stock in -trade, I made my preparations to travel for the purpose of bringing it -before the world. Previous to leaving Batavia I had purchased from a -perambulating horse dealer my favorite horse, “Tom Thumb,” then partly -trained. - -Feeling now tolerably well equipped, I came before the public with my -new and perfect system, confident that it needed only to be known to be -welcomed with pleasure by every intelligent friend of the horse. In the -month of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, I made my debut at -the town of Geneva, erecting, at considerable cost, an academy for the -exhibition of my system of training. My success was immediate; friends -and well-wishers clustered about me; the hand of encouragement was -extended on every side, and in a little while my class in that place -numbered seventy-five members. The reader can scarcely conceive the -feelings of gratification that were excited in my breast by such prompt -and flattering success. It confirmed my own judgment of the superiority -of my system, and inspired a full confidence in its success. - -After leaving Geneva, I visited the pleasant town of Waterloo, where -I built another academy and formed a class of about eighty members, -whose hearty appreciation of the ideas embodied in my system of training -afforded me great pleasure. - -Leaving that place, I next proceeded to the beautiful village of Penn -Yan, where also I built an academy and met with brilliant success, my -class numbering over ninety members. - -Such gratifying success, and at so early a period, was very encouraging -to me. Both myself and my system were new to the public, and, coming -before them almost unheralded and without the prestige of great names to -give it support, its progress and the general approval it met, could be -attributed only to its own merits, which were everywhere conceded. - -The next point visited by me was the beautiful and highly picturesque -village called Watkins, so well and widely known to pleasure-seekers as -an attractive summer resort; its famous “Glen” having an almost national -reputation for romantic beauty. Here I formed an interesting class -of about sixty persons, many of whom gave unmistakable evidences of -confidence in the superiority of my rapidly spreading system for rightly -educating the horse. - -Cheered by my continued success, I pursued my journey to the city of -Ithaca, where I built an academy much larger than any I had previously -erected. Here I remained about a week, and had the pleasure of forming a -class of one hundred persons. - -Finding it somewhat inconvenient to build academies in many places, I -now purchased canvas for a movable tent, which I had constructed, and -this I carried from place to place, erecting academies only where my tent -was insufficient to accommodate the audiences. On the fourth of July I -pitched my tent at the city of Elmira, and soon had the satisfaction -of enrolling the names of one hundred and fifty persons, who eagerly -sought information, and expressed the greatest gratification with the -instruction they had received. - -After this, I continued my tour, exhibiting and lecturing in many towns -and villages during that summer and the autumn following. My success -was everywhere of the most gratifying character, and exceeded my most -sanguine expectations. - -In bringing my system to the attention of the public, I employed that -great engine of power, the Press to call attention alike to the cruelty -of most of the previous modes of training the horse, and the superiority -of my new and rational system. As an illustration of this, it may not -be out of place to give a single one of my many addresses to the public -through the medium of the press: - - PROFESSOR O. S. PRATT TO THE PUBLIC.—Probably not one person in - a thousand has any adequate idea of the wonderful intelligence - displayed by the noblest of the brute creation, the horse. - Patient, affectionate, sensitive and faithful, possessing - wonderful powers of endurance and a capacity for education far - exceeding any animal extant, a study of his characteristics - is ennobling, and commands the attention of every intelligent - person. But how often do we see him abused, through ignorance, - compelled to draw tremendous loads for hours on a stretch, - whipped, clubbed, and cursed, until patience ceasing to be a - virtue, and through sheer exhaustion, panting, trembling, and - discouraged, he stops to breathe, and men call him balky, - apply the whip again, put sand in his ears, gravel in his - mouth, twist his tail, and goad him to desperation by a system - of barbarous inflictions unworthy of even the first stages of - civilization. Trotting over slippery pavements, imperfectly - shod, twitched to the right or left as a sudden emergency seems - to demand, he stumbles and falls. No compassion is excited by - this mishap. Hastily assisted to arise, and reharnessed, crack - goes the whip. O, lash him, cut him, until the great ridges - of swollen flesh stand out upon his back to testify to man’s - superiority over the brute. Left standing for hours while the - master attends to business or pleasure, impatient to change his - position, he starts before the man is comfortably seated in the - vehicle; crack again goes the whip, until his nerves are strung - to their highest tension. - - Crazed almost beyond endurance, he leaps forward, suddenly - a bolt gives way, something strikes his heels, he becomes - frightened, and then, “O! he’s a runaway!” Confined in a - dungeon, poorly ventilated, called a stable, improperly fed, - driven fast, compelled to draw heavy loads, with very little - attention paid to his requirements, it is a wonder that he - lives even a year. The question naturally arises, Why is this? - Simply because the great masses of humanity are ignorant of - the disposition of the horse. They do not understand how to - manage or educate him. They do not think and therefore do not - care. Now any one who succeeds in ameliorating the condition - of this noble animal, is a public benefactor, deserving of - the highest praise. Prof. O. S. Pratt has made this the study - of his life. Slowly, but steadily, he has progressed in his - investigations respecting the management of the horse, until - the press, the pulpit and the public acknowledge him to be - the “Great Horse Educator of the World.” In fact he rules the - horse by a system so comprehensive, and at the same time so - simple, that a child of ordinary intelligence can understand - it. His pupils are numbered by the thousand in almost every - State, and they all endorse the system heartily. No matter how - badly the horse has been abused, no matter how disagreeable - his disposition may be, no matter if he kicks, strikes, bites, - or is a runaway, in a few minutes the most delicate lady or - timid child can manage him with ease by using Prof. Pratt’s - system. Ladies and gentlemen throughout the land! nearly every - one has had a friend or relative injured or killed by some - unmanageable horse. It is within the power of every person - to prevent a like occurrence. “Knowledge is power.” Do not - neglect the opportunity of acquiring this knowledge. We ask - it in no selfish spirit. We urge it that a recurrence of the - accidents that are every day filling our land with sorrow may - be prevented. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -VISIT TO MONTROSE—LARGE CLASS AT -SCRANTON—DIPLOMA—WILKESBARRE—ENTHUSIASTIC RECEPTION—COMPLIMENTARY -NOTICE—TESTIMONIAL. - - -As the winter had now set in I found it necessary, on reaching the -beautiful town of Montrose, to lay aside my tent. At this place I -received so enthusiastic a reception that I was induced to erect a large -academy, of capacity sufficient to contain at least one thousand persons. -I remained at Montrose about three weeks, my efforts meeting with such -appreciation that my class numbered five hundred and two persons, amongst -whom were many who became my warm friends, and whose cordial greetings -and good wishes attended me on my departure from the town. - -My course next led me to the flourishing city of Scranton, at which place -I received a cordial reception, and formed the acquaintance of many -noble-hearted men. I at once entered on the duties of my profession, -and early found that my system was appreciated, the class which I here -gathered numbering four hundred and four members. On the last day of my -stay in Scranton my class presented me with what I may justly call a -diploma, in the following complimentary language: - - The undersigned, citizens of Scranton, Luzerne County, Pa., - take this method of assuring all whom it may concern of the - practicability, as well as the certainty, with which the most - vicious and dangerous habits so common to the horse can be - overcome by Prof. O. S. Pratt’s system of training, in evidence - of which we cite but one or two of the numerous cases which - have come under our observation as members of his class: A - kicking horse, owned by Jos. Utley, of Greenfield, and brought - twenty-two miles, was handled about twenty-five minutes, after - which he was driven from the arena with the vehicle rattling - behind his heels. This horse would bite, strike and kick. A - vicious mule, that could not be shod, and had to be brought - to him by force, being chained between two other mules, after - being handled by the Professor about forty minutes, was - perfectly subdued, and his feet could be handled with safety. - On the last day of his exhibition here, a horse ran away near - the amphitheatre, who proved to be a most ferocious kicker. The - owner was induced by a number of his class to let the Professor - handle him, and after twenty minutes’ training he was driven - out of the tent, the whole length of the street, with the cart - rattling against his heels, without manifesting the slightest - disposition to repeat his unruly conduct. - - These, and numerous other evidences, we think, are sufficient - to entitle Prof. Pratt to the encouragement and patronage of - all interested in the management of the horse. - -This testimonial was followed by the names of seventy-six prominent -members of the class, headed by the mayor of the city, Hon. E. S. M. -Hill, and embracing many of the leading citizens of Scranton. - -After leaving that thriving city, I passed over a beautiful country for a -distance of twenty-five miles, until I reached the town of Wilkesbarre, -situated in the Susquehanna Valley. Through this city flows one of the -most beautiful of all the charming rivers which adorn our land. The -pencil of the artist and the pen of the tourist have often been employed -in sketching its picturesque charms and extolling its matchless beauty. -At this important town my success surpassed any previously attained. The -exhibitions of my power over the horse, and of my simple yet certain -method of instructing and controlling him created wide-spread interest -and excitement. Ministers, doctors and lawyers, together with others of -the most respectable classes of society, thronged my academy. The press -resounded with the praises of my system, and with many who learned my -plan of educating the horse the interest rose to enthusiasm. A leading -paper of the place, referring to my consenting to prolong my visit, used -the following language: - - Prof. Pratt announces that he will remain in this place two - weeks longer, agreeably to the wishes of the very large - class which he has formed here. The Professor’s success in - this county has been of a most gratifying character, and yet - not more than has been fully deserved. In Waverly his class - numbered one hundred and twenty-nine in five days; Scranton - furnished a class of four hundred and one in thirteen days, - and Wilkesbarre, thus far, has given him three hundred and - twenty-three seekers after information in relation to the horse - and his management. The Professor is a perfect adept in the art - which he assumes to teach. - -As that article announced, in view of the popular interest, I prolonged -my stay in Wilkesbarre, and I have the pleasant recollection that over -FIVE HUNDRED persons there secured the knowledge of properly educating -the horse, and before taking my leave I was presented with a diploma -that would have cheered the heart of a statesman. The following, from -A. Ricketts, Esq., will show how even incredulity was convinced, and -strongly-rooted prejudices were overcome: - - WILKESBARRE, PA., _April 23, 1869_. - - DEAR SIR: Permit me to introduce Prof. O. S. Pratt, teacher of - doubtless the best system of horse-training yet discovered, - and to add my unqualified recommendation of the same to any of - you that may care to know how to be master of the horse. When - Prof. Pratt first came here, I, in common with others, passed - and repassed his amphitheatre daily, thinking no more of it - than that it was something pertaining to horse-jockeyship, - and therefore did not think it worth while to turn aside to - see the “free exhibition” he advertised; but one day the - representations of a friend induced me to purchase a ticket for - his instructions. I was at once so impressed with the utility - of the system that I advised all my friends to become members - of his class. The satisfaction expressed by all gave me full - reason to be glad that I had adopted this course, which, by - the way, was adopted on the principle of doing to others as - I would they should do to me. I thought I had found a good - thing, and wished others to share it. It is upon the same - principle that I write this letter, for I know of nothing so - well calculated to prevent cruelty to this excellent animal, - the horse, as the general diffusion of the knowledge of his - proper management. The simplicity and practicability of Prof. - Pratt’s system are among its chief recommendations, being such - that any ordinary man of common-sense can practice it as well - as the Professor, and without costly appliances. Our best and - leading men here became members of his class, and I have heard - but one opinion, and that of approbation. - - You will find Prof. Pratt courteous and gentlemanly, and, - should you become a member of his class, I doubt not you will - agree with me that the trifling cost of his tickets is a very - small consideration for the benefits received. - - _Very respectfully_, - - A. RICKETTS - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS—EASTON—HAMBURG—LANCASTER—TESTIMONIALS—WESTCHESTER -—DIPLOMA—PHILADELPHIA—CLASS OF 2,523—CANE. - - -It was now my purpose to pursue my journey eastward, in order to do which -it was necessary for me to cross a wild and mountainous tract of country, -fifty miles in extent; but, inspirited by my success and the good fortune -which hitherto had attended my way, I entered on the journey with a stout -and hopeful heart, attended by my men and horses. Before traveling many -miles we reached the foot of Pokeno Mountain, and as I gazed upon the -distant heights which stood out against the sky, I could see that the -elevation extended a distance of at least ten miles. Up the rough road -and along steep acclivities we pressed on until, when the summit was -reached, I found a keen appetite had been awakened by the mountain air -and exercise, and I sought for some abode of man where we might secure -rest and food for man and beast. Keeping up the search, after a few -miles, I discovered a rude old log house, quite in keeping with the wild -region through which we were passing. Approaching the door, I knocked -for admission, when it was opened by an old veteran of seventy winters, -who invited us to enter. After making known my wants, he assured me that -they should be supplied as best he could, and at once he summoned the -hostess who, though like himself, advanced in years, moved across the -rustic floor with almost youthful agility, manifesting a disposition to -relieve our hunger without delay. We partook of the repast she spread -with appetites quickened by the pure mountain air, and, when the meal was -over, after rewarding them for the hospitality they had displayed, we -resumed our journey through dreary solitudes and along the rough mountain -roads until, at length, we reached the city of Easton, in the State of -Pennsylvania. - -This beautiful little city is situated near the Delaware River, and is an -enterprising and flourishing place. The inhabitants are chiefly Germans, -or descendants from that stock. Here we pitched our tent and met with -good success, my class numbering over one hundred persons. - -From Easton we continued our journey, through valleys and over hills, -reaching Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania, quite late in the -evening; the silver moon shedding her light upon us as we moved along, -made our journey pleasant and lighted our way to the city. Here again -we planted our stakes, pitched our tent and announced our intention of -giving a public exhibition and of imparting instruction to those who -desired, and once more I met with a hearty response from the public. It -was at the time of the annual State Fair, and thousands from all parts -of the commonwealth had gathered. Taking advantage of the occasion -to display the results of my system of training, I built a platform, -elevated about ten feet above the ground, led my horses up a rude stairs, -made for the occasion, and exhibited my trained animals to the gaze and -admiration of thousands of wondering spectators. Here I formed a class -of over one hundred and fifty. - -My next effort was made at Lancaster, a city of no small magnitude or -interest, as I there formed a class of nearly two hundred, the major -portion of whom were Germans, or of German descent. On the last day of my -stay in that city I received a testimonial from a leading banker of the -place, which I give below: - - LANCASTER, PA., _October 16, 1869_. - - PROF. O. S. PRATT: - - _Dear Sir_: I take pleasure in testifying to the success of - your system of controlling vicious horses as applied to my - colt. Since you handled and drove him without backing-strap, - I have driven him twice without his showing the least fear or - disposition to return to his dangerous habit of kicking. - - I believe you have perfectly taught him to work without - kicking, and that he will not forget the impression your - treatment made on him. Your system is so easily learned and - can be so quickly applied, that it is the owner’s fault if his - balky, runaway, or kicking horse, ever forgets what you, _or - any member of your class can teach him in half an hour_. - - Every one who owns or drives a horse ought to join your class. - - Yours, - - B. J. MCGRAUN, - President First National Bank. - -I next stopped at a nice country town called Westchester, the inhabitants -of which seemed alive to the great cause I had espoused, as my class -there numbered two hundred and fifty. I was happily surprised, just -before leaving, by receiving a diploma which greatly cheered, at the same -time that it stimulated, me to add more and more to my store of knowledge. - -Having now had two years’ experience in the practice of my system, my -confidence in it, and its superiority over any other known system, was -so thoroughly established that I had no fear of submitting it to any -test nor of subjecting it to any criticism. I, therefore, decided upon -visiting the great city of Philadelphia. I fortified myself as best -I could, and on the 28th of November, 1869, I made my _debut_ there. -Whatever solicitude I might have felt would have been speedily removed -by the cordial and flattering reception I received from the people of -the Quaker City. One academy being insufficient to accommodate those who -flocked to listen to my instructions, I built a second, and as the time -rolled on and my success constantly enlarged, I felt as if the summit of -my ambition had been almost attained. The limit of time I had fixed for -remaining was one month, but as the end of that period drew near I was -strongly solicited by many friends to extend my visit, to which, as the -interest was daily augmenting, I consented. Month after month passed, -during which time my class was constantly increasing until, by the close -of the fourth month, it had swelled to the number of four thousand eight -hundred and eighty-six members! At the end of that time my preparations -were made to depart, but I was not allowed to leave before receiving the -most conclusive and gratifying evidence of the high estimation which my -system had secured and of the friendship I had been so fortunate as to -win. - -The evening of the 21st of February, 1870, had arrived; a free exhibition -of the power and beauty of my system was in progress in the great tent, -when, most unexpectedly to myself, Elmer Ruan Coates, Esq., a well-known -citizen and poet of Philadelphia, entered the ring. This seeming -intrusion on the business of the evening somewhat surprised me, while, -as I turned towards him, every eye in the vast assembly was fixed on the -well-known poet who, cane in hand, advanced towards me. A brief moment -of suspense ensued, during which the question which ran through every -mind was “what does it mean?” Then, amidst the profound silence which -prevailed, Mr. Coates held up to view the magnificent, gold-headed cane -he carried and, in an eloquent address, presented the elaborately-chased -and beautiful testimonial as a memento given by my Philadelphia class. - -The gratification which I experienced in this unexpected compliment may -be conceived by my readers but can scarcely be described by my pen. - -Mr. Coates began his address by saying that - - All nations, in all ages, have delighted to honor the - meritorious. The analytic mind of Greece was promoted to - the Academy and Groves of that classic land while bright - intellects gave their homage as they gathered the gems of - thought and poesy which enriched their varied lore. - - The school-boy-quoted Roman, if a victor, passed under the - triumphal arch, bowing to popular plaudits. If a poet, he was - laureated; if philosophic, oratoric, or mechanical, he had - his meed of honor from proper sources. Even the Tartars were - grateful, and Tamerlane, the great Usbeck, was elevated in - proportion to merit. - - The American Indian who exhibits military strategy, is chosen - chief _pro merito_, and leads the painted warriors. The - highly-cultured United States never forgets the truly great. - Here the statesmen, poet, orator, lawyer, divine, artist, man - of science or mechanism, is both courted and remunerated. Our - worthy dead live in hearts, monuments, statues, statuettes, and - oil. The living, acting man of the day is recipient of both - newspaper glory and _material_ recognition. - -Taking me by the hand, he continued: - - My friend, a full consideration of gratitude has timely and - most heartily determined your large class to offer this - El-Dorado-headed cane. Sir, we recognize you as the greatest - equestrian educator in the world. Your humble servant is proud - of his recent acquisition. You have enabled the palsied old man - to ride in safety; you allow the old lady to drive minus the - fear of a broken neck; the young lady or horse-loving master - can now indulge saddle pleasures, knowing the animal thoroughly - subdued by some member of your class. - - Every vicious trait a horse can possess is thoroughly cured by - your unequaled skill. You are a practicalist, a utilitarian, an - educator in one of the most necessary and recreative branches - of polite culture. Indeed, a logical lawyer could raise a fine - issue relative to the comparative merits of your skill and that - of the statesman. Disparaging no sphere, I would say that the - live, practical, successful man in any avocation, is the person - we need and the individual we will honor. - - Your grateful class, at this date numbering two thousand - five hundred and twenty-three, are of my sentiments, and now - delegate me to tender this beautiful present—not as a _quid pro - quo_, but merely as a memento. My dear sir, I trust it will - be very long ere you require this as a physical staff, but - when that period does come, may it equally subserve the mental - and heart-man and aid in happy retrospect of Philadelphia, - Philadelphians, and your admiring class, a class that mainly - hails you as both a high-toned, social gentleman and _the_ - horse educator of the age. - -As Mr. Coates closed his address the great tent resounded with applause. -It was an hour and a scene never to be forgotten by me. But as the -applause subsided every eye turned to me for the expected response. I had -received the cane from the hands of the gentleman who had so fittingly -and eloquently presented it, but, as I bowed in acknowledgement, my -heart was too full for many words. The papers of the following day, -in describing the event, spoke of my voice as having been “somewhat -tremulous with emotion,” and it may well have been so, all I could say -was to express the surprise and gratitude I felt as follows: “What! -gentleman, can it be that, after your many kind attentions, I am to -receive a further testimonial of your regard, and another reminder of -pleasant times passed with you—times that certainly I never can forget. -Words cannot express my feelings on this occasion, therefore I sincerely -return you thanks.” - -Again the great tent rang with thunders of demonstration, and the affair, -so gratifying to all, terminated amidst feelings so warm and kind that in -one heart, at least, they were almost overpowering. The cane bears the -following inscription: “A tribute to merit. To Professor O. S. Pratt, -from his Philadelphia class, numbering 2,523.” - -The cut, which follows, will give but a partial idea of the beauty of -this testimonial, which I prize as much as being expressive of the -friendship I was so happy as to secure, as I value it as a testimony to -the superiority of my system. It will be seen that it is accompanied -by a card, signed by leading members of my class, urging me to revisit -Philadelphia and pledging their aid and influence in making such a visit -successful. - -[Illustration: A TRIBUTE OF MERIT TO O.S. PRATT FROM HIS PHILADELPHIA -CLASS 4886 - -MAYOR FOX, J.W. DREXELL, GEO. W. SIMMONDS, GEN. CADWALLADER.] - - PROF. O. S. PRATT, the Horse Educator: - - _Dear Sir_: The undersigned, members of your horse educating - school, have learned with deep regret that you are forced, by - various engagements, to leave Philadelphia in a few days. The - knowledge we have received by your lucid and simple system of - educating the horse is invaluable to us and all who have been - pupils in your class. We think that your system of educating - the horse is far superior to any known before. It prevents - cruelty to animals, and is effective in all cases if rightly - applied and persisted in. Your system is as yet far too little - known in Philadelphia. We, therefore, request you to open your - school in Philadelphia again during the fall and winter months, - and we do assure you that we will do our utmost to make your - school a successful one. - - By urging you to revisit Philadelphia, we express the wishes of - a great number of our fellow-citizens who are anxious to become - members of your class. - - J. W. DREXEL, Banker in Phil., New York and London, - ALBERT FISKE, M. D., - D. M. FOX, Mayor, - HENRY M. FOX, - LEWIS LADIMUS, - HOOPES & TOWNSEND, - M. BAIRD & CO., - POWERS & WEIGHTMAN, Chemists, - CHAS. F. GROSHOLZ, - A. L. VANSANT, - W. F. POTTS, - ADAM STEINMETZ, - JOS. E. WERNER, - JAMES DARRACH, M. D., - JAS. STELWAGON, - WM. CHAPIN, and many others. - -Other testimonials I received from individuals, a single one of which is -given below; it is from a well-known gentleman of wealth whose name is as -familiar in business as it is in social circles, W. F. Potts, Esq., and -was addressed to friends of his own: - - PHILADELPHIA, _Sept. 14, 1870_. - - MESSRS. MORLEY & WHITE, - - _Gent’n_: My coachman and myself attended Mr. Pratt’s lectures, - last winter, in this city, and I think it paid me well. I - bought a young horse this spring, as bad a kicker as I ever - saw, and by putting him through a course of _Pratting_ I am - using him every day. I do not know what some persons could do, - but I know what I have done; it is well worth all I paid. - - Yours, etc., - - WM. F. POTTS. - -I was greatly pleased with the ancient Quaker City as well as its -noble-hearted people. The neatness and quiet pervading so large and -populous a city produce a pleasing effect on the visitor from abroad. The -beautiful parks, with their grand old trees and delightful walks, which -are to be met in all quarters, form a very pleasing feature in that city. -The bright flowers, filling the air with fragrance; the leafy branches -arching over the nicely-arranged walks, with the merry songs of the birds -which sport amidst the foliage, combine to invite the tired pedestrian to -rest his weary feet, as they charm the eye, the ear and sense alike. - -To the patriot and the lover of relics of “the times that tried men’s -souls,” when amidst the battle-storm our fathers planted the fair tree -of liberty, Philadelphia offers special attractions, and hours may be -pleasantly and profitably spent in the well-known “Independence Hall.” -Here time seems almost turned back on its track as one stands amidst -the relics of those days of old. We see the very chair once occupied by -him whom we have learned to revere as “the Father of his country”—the -illustrious Washington, and the thoughts are borne backward to the time -when, seated in the chair before us, his hand held the destinies of a -nation in its grasp. Near by we see the pew in which that great man -sat and listened to that gospel whose power and principles controlled -his life. It is taken from the old Gothic church which the General -attended and is preserved amongst the relics of those revolutionary -times. Mementos are there also of the period when the Declaration of -Independence was signed and the eye rests on the autographs of the -illustrious signers. There is also the great bell which rang out the -glorious notes of freedom and on which is inscribed that grandest of -words, “Liberty.” After having became cracked, it was taken down from -its tower and placed on a table in the hall. The National motto, “E -Pluribus Unum,” is arranged in a circle at the top of the bell. But -pleasant as it is to linger amongst these reminiscences of the past, -I must leave the good old Quaker City with the single remark that my -recollections of the place and its people are all of the most pleasant -kind. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -YORK—PORT DEPOSIT—BALTIMORE—SUCCESS—DIPLOMA—GETTING WHIPPED—CLASS OF -3,500. - - -Early in the spring of 1870, I entered the city of York. The roads were -bad, making traveling, outside of the city, difficult and unpleasant, -so that few came in from the surrounding country. Notwithstanding this, -I met with encouraging success, and during the three days of my stay -I formed a class of one hundred and thirty members. Amongst my pupils -was an old man who had numbered a hundred and five years of life. After -studying my system he declared that, during the short period of my stay, -he had received more valuable instruction relating to horse education -than in all his previous life. - -I next pitched my tent in the beautiful village, Port Deposit, and was -gratified by receiving a good “deposit” from the hands of the people, -as nearly one hundred of them joined my class. It was at this place -that I achieved a victory which spread my name far and wide. A horse, -notoriously vicious, was brought for me to educate. He was an animal -who, as I was credibly informed, had killed his former owner, eaten the -leg nearly off his son and fearfully mangled the arm of the groom. I -applied my system in all its force, knowing that he would require decided -treatment to subdue him, and, to the amazement of the spectators, in a -little while the ferocious steed became gentle as a lamb. He stood in the -presence of that gazing multitude entirely subdued. When the excitement -had somewhat subsided, some of the leading and influential citizens -were so impressed with the value of my system as to exert themselves -in getting up a testimonial which, after being numerously signed, was -presented to me, and which I have since had the pleasure of exhibiting to -thousands. The following description of the horse referred to and of the -success with which I trained him may prove interesting to the reader: - - PORT DEPOSIT, MD., _August 31, 1870_. - - We, the undersigned, residents of this place and vicinity, - were induced to enter Prof. Pratt’s class for instructions - in educating the horse. At first many of us doubted the - superiority of his system, especially from the low price he - charges for instructions, believing it impossible to learn so - much in a short space of time for so little money; suffice - it to say, we went in and all were more than satisfied. - Illustrative of which we give a brief description of the - “Biting Horse,” owned by Mr. Snyder, near this town. This horse - is a brown stallion, 15½ hands high, closely built, and an - animal of great endurance, for which he is highly valued by Mr. - Snyder, who purchased him of a farmer in New Jersey for a very - low price on account of his most pernicious habit of _biting_, - the horse having bitten out two ribs of the farmer and broken - the leg of the son. Whilst in possession of his present owner - he has bitten off the arm of his groom, who brought him into - the Professor’s pavilion. We saw and conversed with this - groom. The horse had on a strong iron muzzle, a pine stick was - inserted in the mouth, which he seized with madness; upon its - removal he gritted his teeth most fiercely. In twenty minutes - or less, Prof. Pratt had the muzzle off, his hand in the - horse’s mouth pulling out the tongue. In a few minutes after he - drove the same horse in the street without holdbacks. When he - said “whoa,” the horse stopped. When he said “go,” the horse - went. Thus proving to two hundred that his system is no fraud, - but of all others “excelsior.” - - The scholars in this place numbered in three days 87, among - whom were the following named gentlemen: - - W. E. England, pastor M. E. Church, Port Deposit, Md.; J. B. - Ramsay, cashier Cecil National Bank; Edward West; N. W. Nolan; - Eli Cosgrove, ex-sheriff Cecil County; F. M. Alexander; Wilbur - Kidd; Thomas D. Foran; Anthony S. Davis; J. Tome, president - Cecil National Bank; Wm. M. Long; Thos. E. Davis, etc. - -Baltimore, the Monumental City, noted for its beautiful parks, pleasure -grounds and monuments, was my next field of labor. After viewing the city -over and receiving introductions to many of its influential citizens -numbers of whom afterwards became warm friends, I betook myself to labor. - -As on some former occasions, I found it necessary to build two academies, -and so erected one in the old and one in the new town. At first there -seemed a backwardness on the part of the people, and a week passed -without the manifestation of much interest; but soon the indifference -gave way and from that point the interest increased daily until, before -the close of the seventy days I remained in Baltimore, I had the great -pleasure of enrolling the names of three thousand five hundred of her -citizens as members of my class. - -[Illustration: WHIP PRESENTED BY BALTIMORE CLASS.] - -My stay in Baltimore was especially marked by kindnesses from numerous -members of my large class, many of whom it would give me pleasure -to name, associated as numbers of them are with pleasant seasons of -enjoyment, but lest I should become prolix, I will content myself -with saying that most unexpectedly to me my class presented me with a -flattering address accompanied by an elegant whip mounted with gold and -inlaid with pearl—a gift both beautiful and useful. How it occurred is -described by the pen of another as follows: - - HOW PROFESSOR PRATT WAS WHIPPED BY THE BALTIMOREANS.—The - Amphitheatre of Prof. Pratt, the Horse Educator, at the corner - of Green and Pratt streets, was crowded on Thursday night, - by an appreciative audience, to witness the education of a - number of horses. Near the close of the free exhibition, an - interruption occurred by a Mr. Murdock, introducing F. P. - Stevens, Esq., a member of the Baltimore Bar, who made the - following eloquent and pithy speech, in presenting an elaborate - whip to Prof. Pratt: “On behalf of the members of your class - in this city, numbering over 3,000, I have been requested to - present to you, on parting with us, some memento of our high - regard for you personally, and of our estimation of your most - admirable system of Horse Education. That the instructions - you have imparted to us have been valuable and useful, no one - of us who own horses would hesitate to testify, not only your - instructions as to the Management, Education and Treatment of - the Horse, but in developing to us in the numerous Lectures, - the disposition and nature of the noble animal; that your - course of instruction has been popular among us, the numerical - strength of the class announces you, and I take great pleasure - in presenting you this token of friendship and good will and - hope that you may ever recur with pleasure to your visit to the - Monumental City, and as soon as your engagement will permit, we - may have the pleasure of seeing you again.” - - Gen. J. S. BERRY, - ALEC. BROWN, - R. STOCKHART MATHEWS, - ICHABOT JEAN, - MARSHALL GOLDSBOROUGH, - ENOCH PRATT, - GEO. W. ROBINSON, - HENRY TYSON, - F. L. LAWRENCE, - F. P. STEVENS, - - Committee. - - Class numbers 3,504. - -During the continuance of my classes in Baltimore, I received many -favorable notices from the press of that city. As showing the popular -feeling I may be allowed to give an article from the Baltimore _Sun_, -one of the most able and widely circulated journals of the entire South. -It appeared, as will be seen, before my class had reached its full -dimensions. - - HORSE TRAINING AT PROF. PRATT’S AMPHITHEATRE.—The exhibitions - of Professor Pratt’s skill in training refractory horses - continues to interest a large number of the people of - Baltimore. Every night his Amphitheatre on Linden avenue is - filled with an appreciative audience, including a large number - who are members of his school. During one of our recent visits - the Professor, after some remarks in reference to his systems, - introduced the little educated pony called “Dollie Dutton,” - well up in a few tricks. On her exit “Fire Fly,” mate of the - Professor’s “Tom Thumb,” made his appearance, at the crack of - a whip. “Fire Fly,” made excellent time with his heels in the - air, and by the word, walked on his hind legs. The attempt - by three persons to ride the horse the longest afforded much - amusement to the audience, as not one of the three could - remain on a minute. “Gray Eagle, Jr.,” Marshall Goldsborough’s - thorough-bred stallion, which had not received over ten - minutes’ instruction, acted in a manner which gave credit to - the Professor and his system. Prof. Pratt then exhibited a - massive gold-headed cane, richly mounted and appropriately - engraved, which was presented him on the night of February - 22d, 1869, in Philadelphia, by his class which numbered 4,886, - among whom were Mayor Fox, General George Cadwalder, J. W. - Drexel, banker, who were on the committee of presentation, and - who gave the testimonial as a token of the appreciation of his - efforts with the horse and a proof of the value of the system - to them. After a lecture explanatory of his plan of education - which lasted nearly an hour, the Professor ordered a horse to - be brought in which was afraid of a robe. In less than fifteen - minutes after he came in, he was walking over the robe, had it - thrown over his head and in his face, but the scare was gone. - His education in robes being pronounced completed, he was taken - away and a horse that would not back brought in. He however, - soon proved very tractable, backing while in and out of harness - at the words. The next _Animal_ to claim the Professor’s - attention was a large stiff-neck mule furnished by Mr. S. S. - Blair, of the Northern Central Railway. As was expected the - mule was far more difficult to handle, yet in less than three - minutes after he was subjected to proper treatment and followed - the Professor, and after the system was entirely applied he was - mounted and ridden off by an attendant, going quietly as any - one could desire. Thus closed an evening at Professor Pratt’s. - On conversing with this worthy gentleman, we learn he is from - Buffalo, N. Y. Has been giving the system to the public five - years. He probably handled more horses than any other man - living. Was in Philadelphia five months, having there a class - of 4,886. In less than three weeks’ sojourn among us he has - secured over 1,000 members to his class, and we saw such men as - M. B. Clarke, Henry Tyson, Drs. McNamus and Whitridge, George - Robinson, George Small, Gen. W. E. Ross, J. Riddlemoser, Jr., - Gen. J. S. Berry, J. Howard McHenry, R. Stockhart Mathews, all - of whom highly endorse Prof. Pratt’s system of educating the - horse. Mr. Mathews, who has seen Rarey, Rockwell, and others, - says this is far superior to all of them. - -After closing my labors in Baltimore, I took a few days of rest. My mind -was in search of new knowledge to add to and improve my system, and to -that object I devoted my time while relieved of more active duties. I -thoroughly revised my system of educating and mode of treating the horse; -after which I invited the criticisms of a number of men of intellect and -experience, to whom I submitted my views and asked them for their candid -verdict, when, to my great satisfaction, they expressed their unqualified -approbation. If anything had been needed to confirm my opinion of the -perfection of my now completed system, such an endorsement might justly -have done so; and, as the succeeding chapters will show, my triumphant -successes in the largest cities and before the most exalted personages of -the land, demonstrated the justice of that favorable verdict. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -WASHINGTON—A LARGE CLASS—THE PRESIDENT A PUPIL—THE WHITE HOUSE—HALLS OF -CONGRESS—DIPLOMA—DR. NEWMAN’S ADDRESS—GOLD MEDAL. - - -In the latter part of the year 1871 I determined to visit the capital -of the nation—that renowned emporium of knowledge and wisdom—the city -of Washington. Fortified by previous success, I determined on such an -effort here as should signalize my profession, and effectually silence -those who sought to stigmatize my system and lessen confidence in myself -by speaking lightly of both. Themselves pretenders to knowledge, and -ignorant of what I taught, I have found them ever ready to insinuate -that all is “humbug” which does not emanate from their would-be fruitful -brains. And now I ask a careful attention to the narrative of my -unexampled success while sojourning in this city, in connection with the -character and intelligence of the gentlemen who united in endorsing me, -and in commending my system. - -I entered Washington about the middle of February and speedily secured a -site on which to erect an academy. The place selected was on Pennsylvania -avenue, and the building I erected was of capacity sufficient to contain -three thousand persons. I announced a public exhibition, and on this, the -first day of opening, the place was filled to the utmost. At the close -of the exhibition I invited those of the audience so disposed, to unite -in forming a class. A large number responded to this call, and, as I -entered on my work, I was encouraged by finding the numbers increasing by -hundreds. This nerved me to the utmost, and at length, in sixty days, my -class had reached the gratifying number of two thousand five hundred and -five persons! - -President Grant intimated his desire to take private lessons, and -requested me to organize a class to meet in the forenoon of each day. -This I did, and I soon had the honor of imparting instruction to such a -class of distinguished men as have rarely, if ever beside, been gathered -together for a similar purpose. The President invited some special -friends to join him in acquiring the knowledge he desired, and soon I -numbered in my class men distinguished in the pursuits of arms, politics, -literature, and theology, many of whom would rank with the foremost men -of the world. Amongst them were President Grant, General Sherman, Surgeon -General Barnes, General Fremont, General Porter, General Babcock, General -Mechler, Judge Advocate General Holt (the highest position in the army), -General Eli Parker, Count Catacazy, the Russian Minister; Count Turenne, -of the French Legation; P. H. Le Poor, French Legation; H. S. Le Strange, -of the British Legation: Commodore Ammen, Commodore Pickering, Senator -McDonald, Senator Stockton, Hon. W. H. Hooper, Rev. Dr. Newman, Chaplain -to the Senate; Senator Sprague, Governor Cooke, and many others of high -rank and standing. - -As is well known, in the national capital may be found learned and -talented men from almost every nation, and as there are gathered objects -of interest to all, a brief sketch of what met my eyes may not prove out -of place. - -First of all is the renowned “White House,” the home of the honored head -of our nation, and now occupied by President Grant and his family. It has -been said that - - “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown,” - -and a similar declaration might be made of the occupant of the -Presidential chair; few have found it to be an easy seat. The servants -of a public jealous of their rights and privileges, and exposed to the -adverse criticism of selfish and disappointed opponents, even the most -generous and well-meant movements of those filling that high position are -liable to misconception and ridicule. There may be no personal dislike, -yet the public, ever on the _qui vive_ for news of those in high life, -are seldom disposed to scrutinize a spicy story, whoever it may strike. -In this land every man who deserves them has his friends, and none, -however deserving, are without some enemies. - -The external appearance of the “White House” somewhat disappointed me; -yet it is a magnificent structure, with massive pillars in front, while -the interior does credit to the good taste of those in charge. - -The Red Room, being generally selected for the receptions held by the -President and his wife, is very handsomely furnished in velvet and -drapery, the color of which corresponds with the name of the room. -I must, however, express my preference for the Blue Room; its light -shade of satin damask, with gold, is so chaste and elegant that one -could scarcely dream of a fairy-land more beautiful; and at “morning -receptions,” from two till five P. M., the guests being received in this -room, it is rendered doubly beautiful by the elegant toilettes of our -American and foreign ladies, who crowd it with the beauty and fashion of -the metropolis. - -The large East Room, which occupies that entire end of the building, is -elegantly furnished, while the walls are hung with life-size portraits, -in oil, of Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and others who have formerly -filled the highest national office, but who now have passed away. - -It was my pleasure to pass an evening, with my wife, in the private -parlor of President Grant and family, who gave me a cordial reception. -Among those who shared in this social interview were Rev. Dr. ——, L.L. -D., from England, his wife and daughter, and our much-esteemed friends, -Rev. Dr. N—— and wife, of the Metropolitan Church, D. C. - -We were shown through some of the pleasant apartments of the Presidential -mansion, and, among others, the private dining-room. In this the -arrangements for meals are perfect and tasteful. A small bouquet of -choice flowers, selected from the conservatory, which abounds with rare -exotics, is placed at the side of every plate at dinner, and, that no -interruption may interfere with the arrangement of the table, a plate is -always provided for a casual visitor. - -On entering Washington, the first building to attract the eye of a -stranger is the Capitol, which is built on a prominent height, and forms -the most conspicuous object as one enters the city; especially is this -so when the magnificent dome is lighted; one then gazes with delight on -the beauty of its perfect architecture. - -On entering the Capitol by its massive marble portico, the visitor first -views the reception rooms, then passes to the rotunda, the walls of which -are adorned with paintings, many of which are commemorative of important -events in the early history of America, and some of a later date. -Statuary also meets the eye, and prominent amongst it is the life-size -statue of the martyred President, Abraham Lincoln, from the chisel of -Vinnie Ream. As one looks on this work, which has been so severely -criticised, he will feel the injustice done her, and be likely, with the -writer, to believe that the attacks were prompted by the fact that it was -_a lady_ who secured the contract. I enjoyed the pleasure of a visit to -the studio of the gentle sculptor, where we found the lady, surrounded by -specimens of her wonderful skill in this noble art. - -To return to the Capitol—that general resort of strangers—one must visit -the dome, and thither we go, laboring up—up—till it seems almost as -though the top would never be reached, though pleasant company served to -beguile the time as we mounted the hundred and eighty feet of ascending -steps. When, at length, we reached the top, and stood in the presence -of the paintings which completely decorate the upper portion of the -dome, all else was forgotten, and it seemed as though we had passed -into another sphere, away from all the cares of ordinary life! Books -can be obtained, explaining the historical paintings, and in the study -of these, days might be profitably employed. The brief time a visitor -can give is far too short, to satisfy the eye, which desires to still -gaze on, reluctant to depart. From the outer side of the dome a view -of unparalleled beauty is presented: Georgetown, General Lee’s old -homestead, in the distance, and the Potomac River, together with the -elegant public buildings, are among the many objects included in the -panoramic view. - -As we descend again, and come amongst the sights and sounds of daily -life, a sudden awakening to reality occurs. We now pass to the wings -on either side of the main building devoted to the use of the two -Houses composing our American Congress. On visiting the House of -Representatives, when in session, the visitor is directed to the gallery -which surrounds and looks down upon the hall; and, should he be a favored -one, he is shown to a seat in that portion of the gallery reserved for -the diplomatic corps, friends of members and distinguished visitors. -There one can sit at ease, apart from the crowds which fill the other -portions, and may listen to the speeches of representatives from every -State in the Union, as they deliberate on the laws by which the country -is to be governed; may note the voting, and sometimes hear the exciting -contest as the dignity of debate is lost in some partisan wrangle. - -The Treasury Building is a beautiful edifice, and is always the scene of -busy life, the activity extending from the topmost floor to the furnace -in the cellar, where the mutilated currency is burned. It is in this -building that the paper money of the country is prepared, after which it -is sent to the banks for circulation. It is customary for visitors to -exchange a note for one that has never been in circulation, to be kept as -a souvenir. - -The elegant Smithsonian Institute, with its numerous objects of interest, -and the Agricultural Buildings, with their beautiful grounds, offer their -attractions to the visitor, while the Patent Office, with its multitude -of models, showing the inventive genius of our countrymen, is of equal -interest. Here, while admiring the ingenuity displayed by the inventors, -we learn by the number of rejected models how many have spent perhaps the -best years of their lives only to reap disappointment at the last. - -[Illustration] - -While in Washington I was favored with several gratifying testimonials. -The first one was at the great National Carnival, where I received the -prize for the best four-in-hand turn-out, a gold-mounted whip. The second -testimonial was a life-size portrait of President Grant, which was -presented to me at one of the gatherings of the society attending the -Metropolitan Memorial Church, and was accompanied in its presentation -by the following address by Rev. J. P. Newman, D. D., the eloquent and -distinguished pastor of the church: - - LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: Mine is a pleasing task. The ladies of - this church desire me to present this elegant portrait of our - honored President to Prof. Pratt, whose public spirit and great - liberality prompted him to give the proceeds of his academy - for one week towards the purchase of a chime of bells for this - church. We much regret that sickness has detained the Professor - from being present on this occasion, but we are happy to know - that Mrs. Pratt is here.[1] The donation on his part is the - more commendable because he came here a stranger, yet such is - his appreciation of the beautiful and useful that he cheerfully - gives his large sum for an object which will be, when achieved, - the pride of the Capital. - - His mission is eminently humane, for he not only educates the - horse to obey the intelligence of his master, but also educates - the master to treat the noblest of beasts with humanity. - -[1] Her many friends will doubtless be gratified by finding, on the -opposite page, a portrait of this lady—the life-long companion of the -author. - -The address, which was received with loud applause, was, in my absence, -responded to by the Member of Congress from Batavia. - -The third testimonial I received was presented on the day of closing -my lectures, which had been so regularly attended by the citizens, -officials, and members of the foreign legations, who deemed it proper -to encourage my enterprise by presenting me with a diploma, engrossed -on parchment, over their own signatures, and which was accompanied with -a gold medal. The following is a copy of the diploma presented by the -Washington class, the original of which is now in my possession, on -parchment: - - TO PROF. O. S. PRATT: - - We, the members of your Washington class, appreciate the value - of the very necessary knowledge which you have imparted to - us during your sojourn in the national metropolis; and we - are convinced that your method of educating the horse, and - reforming his vicious habits, is the only true system. As a - mark of our estimation of the service rendered us, we beg your - acceptance of the accompanying testimonial, and our sincere - wishes for your continued success, health and happiness. - - General W. T. SHERMAN, - Gen. O. E. BABCOCK, - General BANKS, - Count DE CATACAZY, - Mayor MATTHEW G. EMORY, - W. S. SHEPHERD, - Surgeon Gen. BARNES, - Commodore AMMEN, - Gen. HORACE PORTER, - Gen. J. C. FREMONT, - Senator WM. SPRAGUE, - Commodore PICKERING, - Brevet Maj. Gen. ALLEN, - Gen. ELY S. PARKER, - Mayor EMORY, - H. A. L’ASTRANGE, of the British Legation, - Rev. Dr. NEWMAN, Chaplain to the Senate, - WM. W. BELKNAP, Secretary of War, - Gen. MEICHLER, - Governor COOKE, - P. H. LA POOR, of the French Legation. - -On the next page the reader will find a correct cut of the gold medal -which accompanied the diploma. - -On the following day the Metropolitan Church arranged an excursion to -Mount Vernon. The day was beautiful, and the company all that could be -desired. The sail down the lovely stream, with its wooded banks, was -delightful. On our arrival at the spot the laugh was hushed, for we felt -ourselves on sacred soil as we neared the tomb of Washington. After -lingering for a time by the dust of the illustrious dead, we ascended the -hill on which stands the house which was once the home of the Father of -his Country. The furniture having been removed, we saw little more than -the halls, a few relics enclosed in a case, and the marble mantel, which -has been so much coveted by strangers on account of its rare carving, -representing a farm-yard scene. This choice relic has been defaced in -several places by unscrupulous visitors, who have broken off pieces to -carry away as relics. We also visited the spot where Washington and -Lafayette met, under a tree, to reconcile their difficulties. - -[Illustration] - -During our return to the city, which we reached the evening of the same -day, speeches were made on the boat by the Mayor, ministers and bankers. -We arrived in time to take the cars on our way to Long Branch, at which -popular resort I passed most of the summer in visiting and recreation, -before again resuming the duties of my profession. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -ANNAPOLIS—DELAWARE—NEW JERSEY—NEW YORK STATE—THE GREAT EMPORIUM—CHICAGO -IN FLAMES. - - -After my period of relaxation, I re-entered the active duties of my -profession feeling greatly invigorated. I visited the pleasant city of -Annapolis, the capital of Maryland, where I met a cordial reception from -many whose warm appreciation of my system of educating the horse was -coupled with marks of personal friendship. Here, as in other places on -former occasions, my endeavors were crowned with a gratifying success. -It is at this place that the United States Naval Academy is situated, an -institution which sustains the same relation to the navy that West Point -bears to the army of our country. In the extent of its bounds, covering, -as it does, an area of about twenty acres, and in the completeness of its -appointments, this academy is unequaled in the United States. Here I was -introduced to General Bovey, who is a lover of that noble animal, the -horse, and is the owner of some of the finest that America can boast. He -manifested much interest in my welfare, and kindly invited me to dine -with him; after spending a long and pleasant hour in his society, I took -my leave, and when, shortly after, I left Annapolis, I bore with me a -grateful recollection of the many kindnesses I had received from the -inhabitants of that beautiful city. - -I will here claim the indulgence of the reader while I give a brief -sketch of my journey from this point to New York. It was about the -middle of May, 1871, when I started on my tour, intending to arrive -at New York in the month of October. In passing through the State of -Maryland, I found it a beautiful, level country, with a soil of great -fertility. It is well known to have been one of the slave States, and, -as a result, the population is made up largely of colored people, many -of whom I found to be very, very poor; their houses, within and without, -bespoke wretchedness and want, and many of them seemed on the verge of -starvation. Often was my heart moved to compassion as I viewed their -dilapidated clothing, many of them being almost naked, while in their -countenances want and misery were depicted. As I passed the settlements -and, prompted by pity, gave them some donations, I saw their faces -brighten as I placed the money in their tawny and wrinkled hands, while -their expressions of thankfulness more than rewarded me for the gifts -bestowed. In passing through this State I formed many classes, meeting -with even better success than I anticipated. - -Leaving Maryland, I entered the little State of Delaware, renowned for -the extent of its orchards and the excellence of its peaches, which fruit -forms the most profitable crop of the State, and is unequaled by any -grown elsewhere. The country here also is level, but in many parts so -sandy as to weary the traveler, whose animals often labor through sand to -the depth of six inches, while the scorching rays of the sun, reflected -from the sand, add much to the discomfort of a journey through this -State. - -At Dover, the capital of the State, I formed an interesting class, of -which the Governor and many distinguished citizens became members. The -buildings in Dover are mostly of wood, there being none of stone and but -few of brick. - -After leaving Dover I crossed Delaware Bay, and entered the State of -New Jersey. This, also, in its more southern portions, may be described -as a level country, but the lands there are clothed with dense forests -of pine, where human habitations are rarely met, and even the sound of -the woodman’s axe is seldom heard. These “pine barrens” are in places -destitute of traveled roads, and the one journeying through them sees -his course marked out by “blazed” trees. I wended my way along until I -reached the city of Trenton, the capital of the State, where I formed -a class. Thence I passed to the city of Rahway, then to Elizabeth, and -afterwards to the town of Long Branch, forming interesting classes -at each place. The last-named place is well known as a favorite and -much-admired watering-place, being the summer resort of thousands -who annually seek its pure sea-breezes, and regale themselves in the -pleasures it abundantly affords. I visited many other places in the -State, forming classes and receiving the congratulations of numbers who -appreciated the knowledge it was my aim to impart. - -Passing some twenty miles across a pleasant though sandy country, I -reached the village of Red Bank, at which place I took the steamboat, -and, after sailing through the magnificent Bay of New York, passed up the -Hudson River to Sing Sing, at which place I met with success, and formed -a class composed mainly of the first citizens of the town. I devoted my -first leisure to visiting the State Prison, which is situated in the -suburbs, on the bank of the Hudson, and, after being conducted through -the different departments, I was permitted to see a record of the names -of the inmates and the crimes for which they were incarcerated, and I -record it as my conviction that many there have laid a foundation for -after crime by early cruelty to the noblest of all animals save man. One -step of cruelty leads inevitably to others, and thus the disposition may -have grown that has led, finally, to the crime which deprived them of -liberty and condemned them to years of servitude in that dreary abode of -felons. - -Retracing my steps down the Hudson, I next pitched my tent at Peekskill, -which is situated on the east bank of the river, and where I met a -gratifying reception, and succeeded as at other places. - -Before leaving the place, I strolled about a mile back from the river, -and saw there the farm and summer residence of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, -the great biblical expounder and platform orator, who has since passed -through an ordeal far from pleasing or profitable, though there are -indications that from all he will yet come out as “gold tried in the -fire,” and perhaps to shine as a star of still brighter lustre. - -My next visit was to the city of Poughkeepsie, where, at my first -public exhibition, I was greeted by the presence of a large number -of influential citizens, whose appearance there augured well for my -success. I was pleased with my brief visit to this place, as my class -soon swelled to the number of three hundred and fifty. I here formed -the acquaintance of Prof. Eastman, of Eastman College, who solicited me -to give an exhibition, on the grounds in front of his splendid mansion, -to the Sabbath-school children of the city. I consented, and gave an -exhibition which was received with delight by a multitude of youth of -both sexes. - -I now determined to direct my course down the beautiful Hudson to the -great commercial emporium of the country, the city of New York. There I -built an academy, at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars, capable -of accommodating about four thousand persons. I opened, with brilliant -prospects, about the middle of October, 1871, and as the days rolled -by I had ample evidence of the appreciation of my efforts in the daily -increase of my class, until, on the 15th of January, 1872, I had the -pleasure of numbering on my register the handsome amount of three -thousand names, representing amongst them many of the first men of the -city. - -I had intended to remain in New York until the opening of spring, but -about this time an event which spread consternation through the land -blighted my fair prospects. Along the wires of the telegraph, flashed -eastward with lightning speed, came the doleful tidings that Chicago, the -Queen City of the West, was in flames! As message after message came, -telling of the progress of the devouring element, all hearts were filled -with sympathy, till the final tidings came that for many square miles -the once beautiful city was a vast plain of smouldering ruins, and that -thousands of human beings, thus rendered homeless and penniless, were in -almost a starving condition. At once the hearts of the people of New York -were moved to compassion. Business was well-nigh suspended. The single -topic which engaged all minds was the great disaster which had befallen -a sister city, and how to devise means for relief to the destitute -and suffering. In this absorbing feeling the interest in my lectures -naturally abated; so much so, that I closed my academy and joined with -my countrymen in the active measures which were at once inaugurated for -extending relief to the needy. I attended the meetings held for that -purpose, and heartily co-operated in sending the greatly needed aid -to suffering humanity. I remained in New York till the excitement had -somewhat abated, and then decided on visiting some of the New England -States; but, before leaving the Great Emporium, I received a diploma -attesting the high value placed on my instructions by those who had -received them. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -BRIDGEPORT—FALL OF ACADEMY—PROVIDENCE—BOSTON—CLASS OF 3,000—LYNN—PURCHASE -OF A RESIDENCE—PORTLAND—BANGOR. - - -[Illustration: BRIDGEPORT ACADEMY.] - -On entering New England, my first stop was at the beautiful town -of Bridgeport, somewhat celebrated as the home of the renowned -sensationalist, P. T. Barnum, who has, during quite an eventful career, -acquired and lost many fortunes. As the winter had not yet passed, I here -erected an academy, which became the scene of an incident which will -forever remain fixed on my memory. The people of Bridgeport turned out -nobly, filling my academy to its utmost capacity, when, hearing a noise, -I looked in the direction whence it proceeded, and, to my horror, saw the -seats falling, with their occupants, precipitating them to the ground! Of -course all for a time was confusion and affright, but, strange to say, -not one of the immense crowd was injured by the accident. - -After the excitement had somewhat subsided, I proceeded to form a class, -which numbered about three hundred, who seemed delighted with the -knowledge they acquired under my instructions. - -When my labors had ended I took an opportunity to view the town, and -was greatly interested in visiting some of its principal manufactories. -Amongst these one of special note is the immense establishment for the -manufacture of the Howe Sewing Machines, said to be one of the largest in -the world. - -I subsequently visited Providence, the capital of Rhode Island, where I -found it necessary to build another academy, which I erected very near -the public thoroughfare of the city. At this place my most sanguine -expectations were realized, as I met with signal success; nearly one -thousand persons became members of my class, and the financial results -were greatly beneficial to me, as at this time my expenses were great. -My troupe consisted of some eight men and twelve horses, the expenses -of which were large, besides the cost of extensively advertising, that -I might give wider publicity to a system which had gained general favor -wherever it was known. - -The far-famed city of Boston was my next resting-place. Here, as at other -places, I found it necessary to exhibit in an academy, and, having fitted -it up, I entered on my work with renewed hope and energy, believing, from -the usefulness and practicability of my system of educating the horse, -that a failure was impossible. Nor was I disappointed; the shrewd minds -of the Bay State saw the value of the knowledge I imparted, and, cheered -on by growing favor, I put forth every effort, and was rewarded by the -most gratifying success, as my class reached the large number of three -thousand persons. - -With the close of my labors in Boston the winter had passed away, and -I decided on a trip reaching northward as far as Portland, in Maine, -making short stops at the several towns between Boston and that place, -first stopping at a beautiful town called Lynn, where I purchased a nice -family residence, a good representation of which is given in the cut. - -In this charming town and its vicinity there is much to attract -and please the visitor. Among the favorite resorts is a delightful -watering-place known as Nahant Beach, to which, during the summer, -thousands come to enjoy the invigorating breezes of the ocean. Here the -invalid seeks the coveted boon of health, while the healthy come to -reinvigorate their systems. Mrs. Pratt and myself christened the place -the “green spot of earth,” as often, attended by our servants, we drove -in our carriage around the beach, for the time forgetting the toils of -the past, and almost fancying ourselves in the land of Paradise. - -[Illustration: NAHANT BEACH RESIDENCE.] - -I may be allowed, at this point, to give a letter addressed to me by a -well-known gentleman, a citizen of that pleasant town. - - LYNN, _July 12, 1872_. - - PROF. O. S. PRATT. - - _Dear Sir_: I regret your departure from our city. I have - received a great benefit by joining your school. Your system - of educating horses is far ahead of any now in use. I belong - to Rockwell’s class. In nothing has there been greater - improvement. Its advantage is its simplicity. In no exhibition - during your short stay have I failed to find some new point. - There is no deception, no trickery, no unfairness. What you say - I’ve found you willing to back up with your money; your goods - are no humbug. Why will people be so skeptical. People ask me - every day, “Can you do it?” My answer is, “Yes.” Why sir, I - would not take five hundred dollars for what I’ve learned of - your system. - - If people would be more willing to join your class and get - the system, we should have less accidents by that noblest of - animals, the horse. When you were educating Lannan’s horse - the other evening, a skeptic stood by my side. I said, “Pratt - will drive that horse to-morrow.” Says he, “I’ll bet a hundred - dollars he won’t.” He put his hand in his pocket, attempting to - draw his wallet. I caught his hand, saying to him, “If you’ve - friends enough here to raise $5,000, it shall be covered, that - he will drive him to-night.” I am not a betting man, though. - The gentleman went into his boots. You have not a pupil, I know - of, but is willing to back you, as far as able, in anything you - say you will do with any horse. - - God speed you in the right. - - Yours truly, - - CHARLES D. TILTON. - -After the pleasure season had passed, I again betook myself to my -profession, and, once more upon the road, I stopped at several towns, -giving public exhibitions and forming classes, until I reached Portland, -which place I entered about the first of August, 1872. Here we set our -stakes and spread our canvas, giving, as usual, public exhibitions, and -organizing a class of about two hundred persons. Many vicious horses were -here brought to me, that on them the merits of my system might be tested, -all of which I handled to the satisfaction, and, I may safely say, the -admiration of the class who witnessed their education. - -Next, placing my troupe and animals on a steamer, I passed by sea to the -city of Bangor, the most populous in the State of Maine. Here I made -arrangements with the officers of the Agricultural Society, by which -I secured the Fair Grounds, where I erected a spacious pavilion, and -at once commenced operations. It was soon evident that I had secured -the favor of the people, as I was largely patronized. While there I -made arrangements with Dr. Tewksbury to handle his imported stallion, -“Anfield,” who was notorious for his vicious propensities, extending -even to the shedding of human blood, he having fought many battles, and -always had come off victorious. Although my fame had spread far and wide, -and I had educated many vicious horses, yet, had I not possessed implicit -confidence in the virtues of my system, I would have declined; but, -prompted and encouraged by my previous successes, I decided to handle -him on my arrival at Lewiston, Maine, which would be about the first of -September. - -While at Bangor I received a letter from the President of the Society for -the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, as follows: - - BANGOR, Me., _September 28, 1872_. - - PROF. O. S. PRATT. - - _My Dear Sir_: I am happy to acknowledge your superior system - of Horse Education, which deserves the commendation of all who - desire the improvement of that beautiful and useful animal. - Your system does not inflict torture or cruelty, but subdues - and teaches him, and in my opinion it is only to be seen and - learned to be universally adopted. - - I take much pleasure in recommending it to the notice of all - who have the care and management of horses. - - Very respectfully, - - J. D. WARREN, - Pres. Soc. for P. of C. to Animals. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -LEWISTON—EDUCATING THE HORSE “ANFIELD”—TESTIMONIAL—CONCORD—MANCHESTER—A -STEAM ENGINE IN THE RING—LOWELL—LAWRENCE. - - -Continuing my tour, I exhibited at many places in the State until I -reached the city of Augusta, where I remained two days, and met with -marked success. Anxious to reach Lewiston by the time I had fixed, I -passed rapidly, through many towns and villages, only remaining a day in -each place, and arrived at Lewiston on the eighth of September. It was -here, as the reader will remember, that I was to handle the notorious -“Anfield.” - -After building an academy, and giving a public exhibition, I announced -my intention of controlling that vicious animal. The citizens turned -out _en masse_, but, as the horse was led into the ring, the whole -audience seemed terror-stricken, wondering, no doubt, whether or not -I would share the fate that others had; but speedily their terror -gave place to admiration, as they saw the powerful animal succumb to -the resistless energy and efficacy of my system, for, within one short -hour, the lion-like brute became meek and quiet as a lamb, greatly -to the astonishment of the multitude, who gazed with wonder on the -transformation. I give below the testimonial subsequently presented to -me, in which this feat is described: - - We, the undersigned citizens of Lewiston and vicinity, hereby - certify that we are members of Prof. O. S. Pratt’s school - for instruction in the proper education of the horse; that - from a careful and thorough examination of his method, as - succinctly demonstrated by him in his admirable lectures and - apt illustrations, we unqualifiedly pronounce Professor Pratt’s - system as most practical, and far superior to any ever before - known. - - His power over the most vicious and ferocious horses is at once - wonderful and instructive, as verified by his handling of the - stallion “Anfield,” in Lewiston, on Thursday evening, October - 17, 1872, before an audience of 1,000 persons. - - “Anfield” is an eleven-year-old dark bay stallion, and standing - sixteen or seventeen hands high, and is owned by Dr. S. H. - Tewksbury, of Portland, Me. He is reported to have killed - one man, and was a bad biter, striker, and somewhat given to - kicking. He had never been harnessed. - - He was led into the academy on the above night, secured by iron - rods and with a heavy muzzle over his mouth. He manifested an - ugliness truly characteristic. - - Prof. Pratt, applying the rules of his system, at once so - comprehensive and yet so simple, within twenty minutes had - contemptuously thrown away the iron rods, muzzle, etc., and - exhibited to his audience one of the most tractable of horses, - who would follow him when commanded, stopping at the word - “whoa,” and, being harnessed, was driven around the ring in a - vehicle continually hitting his heels. - - Prof. Pratt’s Lewiston class numbers, at the present time, - three hundred and sixty members. - - [Illustration: LEWISTON ACADEMY.] - - We most cheerfully commend the system of Prof. Pratt to the - public generally, assuring them that, in our opinion, it is the - inauguration of a new and happier era for that noblest of the - brute creation—_the horse_. - - LEWISTON, Me., _October 2, 1872_. - - D. B. STROUT, - J. P. NORTON, - H. C. BRADFORD, - P. M. THURLOW, - ELI EDGECOMB, - N. C. HARRIS, - H. H. RICHARDSON, - W. M. CHAMBERLIN, - GEO. S. FOLLENSBER, - T. H. LANGLEY, - H. L. JOHNSON, - B. H. SCRIBNER, - J. L. PEABODY, - S. D. THOMAS, - R. S. BRADBURY, - J. C. PENDEPTER, - GEORGE WEHLE, - S. B. COOK, - A. B. WATSON, - JOHN PICKARD, - H. V. BROWN, M. D., - J. B. STRAW, - DANIEL WOOD, - S. O. PURINTON, - C. T. CHAPPELL, - RUFUS CARR, - W. H. GARCELEN, - A. O. EDGECOMB, - W. W. WOOD, - ISAAC HARKELL, 2D, - WM. H. HORR, - J. A. WHITMAN, - F. C. HAYES, - GEO. L. MELLEN, - RUFUS C. WILLIAMS, - N. M. FARWELL, - A. H. PEASLEY, - J. M. ROOK. - -Passing through a beautiful country, and forming a number of classes on -the way, we at length reached Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. -I there obtained the large building used by the mechanics for the -exhibition of their manufactured articles on the days of the regular -Fair. This I fitted up and used for my lectures. The news of my success -at other places had preceded me, and I found the citizens ready to -respond to my invitation to form themselves into a class. This class was -a large and profitable one, adding much to my financial resources in -the business. The city of Manchester was the next place I visited. Its -magnificent water-power and busy manufactories, amongst them some of -the largest producers of carpets and cloth in the United States, make -it a place of great importance. It was here that I achieved a victory -never before known to the public—that of educating the horse not to fear -either the steam engine or the cars. Having had placed at my service the -steam engine manufactured by Amos Keig, I had it brought into the ring. -In a short time the engineer got up steam, and set it in motion. Horses -by the half-dozen were brought in to be educated, and, as my success was -shown in removing all fear of that terrifying object, language almost -fails to describe the enthusiasm excited, and the eulogies pronounced on -my system. As this was the first opportunity that had presented itself -for me to show the power and beauty of that portion of my system, I was -greatly cheered and gratified with the success attending my efforts, -especially as the papers of the city heralded my success in no uncertain -tones, and proclaimed the almost incalculable benefit which would accrue -to society from the adoption of my system. - -Traveling southward about fifteen miles, I reached the city of Lowell, -where I built an academy, and had the pleasure of enrolling in my class a -large number of the influential citizens of that place, who were as much -delighted with my system as I was with my successful efforts. - -The next place of interest to be named is the city of Lawrence, renowned -for its mills and manufactures. Here may be seen a building nearly a mile -in length, erected along the bank of the famous water-power, and used -exclusively for manufacturing purposes. At this city, also, I built an -academy, remaining a few days, and meeting warm-hearted friends, who gave -me a large class. - -By this time I had fully equipped myself with all appliances needed -to confront and convince the most skeptical, so that no person could -successfully assail my almost perfect system of equine education, which, -by the force of its own merits, had thus far won its way, and was daily -gaining new favor in the eyes of the public. - -My next effort was made about the first of March, 1873, in the city of -Worcester, where, from the commencement, the interest daily increased -during the whole period of my stay, and abundant success crowned my -endeavors. - -Some leading citizens of Springfield now wrote to me, requesting that -I should visit their town, to which I consented, and, on reaching -the place, I found a wide-spread eagerness to secure the knowledge I -possessed. I built an academy, and was much gratified by securing an -appreciative class. - -Leaving the old State of Massachusetts, I directed my course to Hartford, -in the State of Connecticut, where, as in former places, I found it -necessary to build an academy, which, on the first day of my exhibition, -I had the pleasure of seeing filled to its utmost capacity, and, when I -turned my attention to forming a class, my endeavors met with a hearty -response. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -TOUR IN CANADA—MONTREAL—CLASS OF 1,000—VICTORIA -BRIDGE—CATHEDRAL—QUEBEC—OTTAWA—KINGSTON—DETROIT—DIPLOMA—VALUABLE -TESTIMONIAL—SIMCOE. - - -Hitherto my labors had been confined to my own country. I had traveled -many hundreds of miles, visiting its great cities, its smaller towns and -thriving villages, and everywhere, even from the highest in the land, I -had met a cordial reception. But now I formed the purpose of crossing the -St. Lawrence River, which divides, on the north, the American from the -British possessions, and of making a tour through a large portion of the -Dominion of Canada. Believing that I had more stock and other property -than I would require, I sold by auction many articles, and, placing my -remaining stock and appendages on several cars, I forwarded them to their -destination. Reaching St. Albans, I was solicited to remain there a few -days, which I did, and had no cause to regret my decision, for the -people gave me a liberal patronage. - -Continuing my journey from St. Albans, I arrived at the important -commercial city, Montreal, about the first of May, where I met a cordial -reception. At once I commenced the erection of an academy of capacity -sufficient to hold at least two thousand persons. Soon the tidings of -the great successes I had achieved in my profession spread far and wide -through that populous and wealthy city, and, as a result, during the few -days I remained, I had the pleasure of enrolling nearly one thousand -names. - -In this ancient city there are many beautiful and interesting objects -which attract the attention of a visitor. A few of the most prominent -are all that I can mention. Of these the great Victoria Bridge is one. -A massive structure of iron, tightly closed at the sides and nicely -roofed, it spans the St. Lawrence River just at the outskirts of the -city. Windows, at certain intervals, admit the light and air. Carriages -and pedestrians are excluded, the railroad company having the sole right -to use the bridge. The French Catholic Cathedral is to many an object -of great attractiveness, and thousands ascend its circuitous flights of -stairs to the top of the tower, from which the eye may take in the entire -city, with its many public parks and pleasure grounds far exceeding in -number those usual to a commercial city. The mountain, about three miles -distant from the heart of the city, is a favorite resort. A beautiful and -almost level road runs round it, along which, at almost every hour of the -day, carriages may be seen coursing. Many other pleasing sights might be -named, but I close my reminiscences of the beautiful city by the remark -that nowhere, in all my travels, have I seen more elegant and costly -private dwellings than are those which grace Montreal. - -Through the solicitation of friends, I was induced to visit Quebec, the -ancient capital and late seat of the Canadian government. - -As it is approached, the forest of masts which meets the eye, peering up -in every direction, might suggest reminiscences of some cedar swamp, -with its multitude of tapering trees, but, upon closer inspection, the -eye is delighted with the magnitude and beauty of the shipping which -crowds the port. Some of the finest vessels that plow the ocean are -here to be found. On entering on my work, I met with no difficulty in -interesting the minds of the citizens in my subject. They turned out -nobly to my public exhibitions, and rewarded my exertions by giving me a -large and interesting class. - -Leaving Quebec about the middle of May, I ascended the St. Lawrence as -far as the beautiful town of Brockville, exhibiting at many towns on my -way. Here I determined to forward my horses and stock by rail to the -city of Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion and the seat of government, -where annually the assembled wisdom of the country meet to legislate -for the great Canadian Dominion; nor need one cross the ocean to the -mother country, nor even visit the adjoining republic, to meet with -both orators and statesmen, many of whom grace the Canadian Parliament, -the halls of which often ring with eloquence, as, in the discharge of -their responsible duties, the statesmen of the Dominion discuss the -great topics of the day. Although my stay in Ottawa was brief, I had the -satisfaction of forming there a class of three hundred persons. - -Passing westward, I held public exhibitions and formed classes in many -places, until I reached Kingston, rightly named the Old Limestone City. -Here I spent a few days very pleasantly, and had the pleasure of forming -a satisfactory class. The strong bulwarks and splendid fortifications of -this city give it a military air, and afford ample protection from an -invading force. - -At this point I embarked on one of the Mail Line of steamers, with my -stock and equipments, and passed up Lake Ontario to Burlington Bay, and -thence to the city of Hamilton. As I had been frequently solicited to -visit Detroit, and having determined on spending the ensuing winter in -Hamilton and Toronto, I did not at this time attempt to form a class, but -took the most direct route to Detroit city, exhibiting at a number of -places on my way. - -Detroit is situated on the river bearing its name, which divides the -American and Canadian possessions. Its commerce is quite large, and, to -one standing on the banks of the river, a pleasing and animated picture -is presented. The rapid stream, in places running with a current of from -five to eight miles an hour, is difficult of navigation for sailing -vessels, and one sees the sailing craft, loaded with grain and lumber, -towed by large and powerful steam-tugs, built expressly for that purpose, -while the smiling banks on the Canadian side, crowned by the buildings of -Windsor, mirror themselves in the farther waters. - -It was in December, 1873, that I reached Detroit, remaining there a -few weeks, and during that time forming a class of over twelve hundred -members. Before taking my leave of that pleasant and enterprising city, -I received from my class a diploma, which I prize more highly than gold, -while, to increase my delight, I was, most unexpectedly to myself, made -the recipient of an elegant cabinet music-box, the value of which could -not be less than five hundred dollars. The following is the diploma, as -signed and presented to me, followed by a cut of the elegant testimonial: - -[Illustration: MUSIC BOX FROM DETROIT CLASS.] - - Having attended Prof. O. S. Pratt’s lectures to his class, - and also having seen the practical application of his system - as given by him every afternoon and evening at his academy, - and believing it to be far the best ever seen in this State, - so clear and practical that the merest novice can understand - and use it, and yet so comprehensive that the most skillful - horseman can be instructed by it, we deem it of the utmost - importance that all persons owning, using, or at all interested - in horses, should avail themselves of Prof. Pratt’s knowledge - on that subject. He educates the man to educate the horse, the - only practical method to be of permanent benefit. - - JARED PATCHIN, - G. W. BISSELL, - Dr. J. B. DE GUISE, - D. BETHUNE DUFFIELD, - NEWELL AVERY, - R. HOSIE, - A. M. STEELE, - GEORGE JEROME, - E. FURGUSON, - GEO. W. VANDYKE, - W. A. MITCHELL, - H. A. NEWLAND, - ALLEN SHELDEN, - A. SINCLAIR, - GEO. E. AVERY, - SYLVESTER LARNED, - Dr. DAVENPORT, - Dr. J. F. NOYES, - Mayor MOFFAT, - R. C. HODGES, - JOHN C. WILLIAMS, - R. SINCLAIR, - JEROME E. CROUL, - Dr. COBB, - R. C. REMICK, - JAMES A. REMICK, - HENRY KIBBEE, - JOHN V. MEHLING, - B. H. THOMPSON, - Dr. G. W. FOSTER, - M. F. MERRICK, - M. S. SMITH, - Dr. H. SMITH, - GEO. DOOLITTLE, - A. W. MITCHELL, - ELIJAH SMITH. - -Passing from Detroit, I again set foot on Canadian soil, exhibiting at a -town named Sarnia, situated on the Detroit River, and after that at many -other places until I reached the pleasant little town of Simcoe. There I -received a cordial welcome from many lovers of the horse, and found no -difficulty in forming a class of one hundred and ninety, who not only -appreciated my system, but embraced an early opportunity of presenting me -with a diploma testifying that appreciation. It was read in my hearing on -its being presented, and the reader may well believe that I was greatly -gratified and cheered by the sentiments therein expressed. - - SIMCOE, _February 24, 1874_. - - Having attended Prof. O. S. Pratt’s lectures to his class and - also having seen the practical application of his system, as - given by him every afternoon and evening at his academy, and - believing it to be far the best ever seen in Canada, so clear - and practical that the merest novice can understand and use - it, and yet so comprehensive that the most skillful horseman - can be instructed by it, we deem it of utmost importance that - all persons owning, using, or at all interested in horses, - avail themselves of Prof. Pratt’s knowledge on that subject. - He educates the man to educate the horse, the only practical - method to be of permanent benefit. - - GEORGE BATTERSBY, - ASA A. PURSELL, - B. W. SHAW, - B. F. CHADWICK, - OMER CULVER, - G. F. COUNTER, - M. C. BROWN, - P. P. NEWELL, - JOHN MATTHEWS, - ASA J. COOK, - E. E. COLLINS, - SAMUEL BARNES, - W. H. ADAMS, - J. J. HARRIS, - JOHN W. LEE, - D. B. PALMERTON, - WILLIAM MILLS, - THOMAS MARSHALL, - JAMES LANGTRY, - JOHN MILLS, - JOHN A. CULVER, - FRANK L. CULVER, - JEREMIAH POTTS, - JAMES BARBER, - G. R. ROBINSON, - JOSEPH BROOK, - JOHN BEAUPRE, JR., - S. G. EMES, - HIRAM BOWLBY, - J. B. CARPENTER, - A. R. NELLES, - JAMES SCHUYLER, - HENRY BENNETT, - C. ALLEN, - A. W. SMITH, - ALBERT MARLATT, - GEORGE LOWRIE, - ALEX. BEAUPRE, - ROBERT LITTLE, - CHRIS. COLEMAN, - W. T. KENDALL, - THOMAS HAMBLY, - B. RICHARDSON, V. S., - JAMES NICHOLSON. - - Part of Simcoe class numbering 227 in ten days. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -TORONTO—“BRITISH ENSIGN”—DIPLOMA—SILVER TEA -SET—HAMILTON—BELLEVILLE—DIPLOMA—PICTON. - - -Winter was now drawing nigh, and, as I was desirous to reach Toronto, the -Queen City of the Province of Ontario, as soon as possible, I made but a -short stay at Brantford and other towns on my way. Arriving at Toronto -about the last of November, 1874, I secured possession of the Riding -Academy, and fitted it up at considerable cost, after which I gave public -exhibitions, which awakened an increasing interest. I remained there -sixty days, my class becoming larger daily, until, at the close of my -labors, my register showed the names of nearly thirteen hundred members, -many of whom were amongst the most influential citizens of the place. -During my stay I handled some two hundred horses, each of whom had been -addicted to some bad habit. - -[Illustration: TORONTO ACADEMY—PRESENTATION OF TEA SERVICE AND -ILLUMINATED ADDRESS.] - -Many members of my class were desirous that I should exhibit the power -of my system to educate horses not to fear the steam engine, and, that I -might meet their wishes, I procured a steam fire engine, which I caused -to be placed in my academy. During my stay there I educated some hundred -horses to the perfect satisfaction of their owners, and the evident -gratification of my class. Amongst others, I may name as a signal triumph -of my system the case of the stallion “British Ensign,” owned at Richmond -Hill, who, from his vicious habits of long standing, was thought to be -incurable, and, as a last resort, I was solicited to handle him. This -was at the close of my labors there, and, the day being announced, the -members of my class gathered in force to witness my last effort in their -city. The horse was led into the ring by two men by means of iron rods -securely fastened on each side of his mouth. From the account given of -this animal, one would almost expect that a man could tame a lion of the -desert as easily as him; but, strange as it may seem, within ten minutes -he followed me around the ring as meekly as a lamb, and within forty-five -minutes I was able to drive him before a vehicle, without reins or -side-straps, greatly to the surprise of the throngs who had assembled to -witness the spectacle. - -The power and efficacy of my system was so completely demonstrated -that the leading journals of the city made favorable mention of my -unparalleled success, while my class signalized their sense of the value -of my system for properly educating the horse by presenting me with an -illuminated address, the elegant execution of which reflects credit on -the artist, while the courtly language and graceful sentiments are worthy -of the distinguished gentlemen whose names it bears. Not satisfied with -this, they accompanied the address with a costly tea-service of silver, -the intrinsic value of which was at least three hundred dollars. Long -will the recollections of my Toronto class cluster about my memory, -and fill my mind with pleasing emotions. The following is the diploma -presented by the Toronto class, the original of which can be seen in my -possession, on parchment: - - TORONTO, _January, 1875_. - - _Dear Sir_: The undersigned, on behalf of the members of - your numerous class in this city, desire to testify their - appreciation of the valuable instructions you have imparted to - them. The unwearying assiduity with which you have endeavored - to make those instructions comprehensive and entertaining, and - their high estimation of your admirable system of educating - and managing the horse. The knowledge imparted to us during - the many lectures and exhibitions of your unexampled method of - treating that noble animal may be of incalculable benefit to - many of us. We do not hesitate to say that numbers of accidents - occur daily (many fatally) through an insufficient knowledge - of managing the animal you have made so perfectly subject to - your will, and we advise every one whose business or profession - require frequent, if not constant, use of the horse to embrace - an early opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of your system. - Farmers, whom business occasionally calls into our cities, and - the immediate neighborhood of our railways, we especially urge - the necessity of learning your simple and effective method - of control, a method easily understood by the instructive - faculties of the horse as by the reasoning faculties of men. - - We trust that your sojourn in the Queen City of the West has - been both pleasant and remunerative, so far at least that will - at no distant day induce your return. - - In conclusion, we beg your acceptance of the accompanying - Tea-Service. Hoping that it may recall favorably to your - recollection those who constituted your class in Toronto and - who unanimously wish you every success in your laudable and - humane profession. - - Signed, on behalf of the class, numbering 1,254 members. - - A. MACNABB, - JOS. GRAND, SR., - R. BOND, - B. COOPER, - C. W. JOHNSON, - R. PAUL, V. S., - A. GOURAM, - GEO. GOURAM, - R. HAY, SR., - R. HAY, JR., - W. H. SMITH, - J. HAY, - HON. GEO. BROWN, - T. C. PATTERSON, Mail, - A. MCCALLER, M. P. P., - W. BROWN, Shoe Manf., - HON. FRANK SMITH, - ANDREW SMITH, V. S., - G. W. TORRANO, Merchant, - GEO. SMITH, M. P. P., - W. A. MURRAY, Merchant, - F. T. WORTS, - JAMES G. WORTS, - AUSTIN SMITH, - And 1,230 others. - -Before closing my notice of Toronto, I would refer with grateful words to -the kind, and even laudatory, notices which my system and myself received -from the ably conducted press of that city, and, I might add, of the -whole Province, as the following extracts will evince. - -[Illustration: TEA SERVICE FROM TORONTO CLASS.] - -The Toronto _Mail_ thus speaks: - - HORSE EDUCATION.—To-day we place before our readers - illustrations of several of the numerous articles, with the - text of the numerous addresses, presented to Prof. Pratt, the - horse educator. By close observation, an accurate knowledge - of the construction of the horse and its habits, and above - all by a recognition of those sound common-sense principles - advanced by the best teachers of the human kind. Mr. Pratt has - been enabled to build up a system which for its thoroughness - and adaptability is unexcelled in the present day. That this - is not an unwarranted assertion is proved incontestably by - the testimony of the leading horsemen of the United States - and Canada, though Mr. Pratt has been but a short time in the - Dominion. Wherever he has established classes, a just tribute - has been paid to his great services both to man and beast. In - Baltimore 3,590 pupils surrounded him, and he left with the - thanks of the citizens, and was presented with a magnificently - mounted whip. Detroit rallied 1,200 members, who gave the - Professor a musical box to sweetly play the song of their - appreciation. The Washington class of 2,500 members, presented - a gold medal, and that of Philadelphia, of 4,886 members, a - gold-headed cane. Toronto has not been behindhand, for, as - already announced, the class here made a presentation of a - beautiful tea-service and illuminated address. The Toronto - class now numbers 1,254 members. - -The Toronto _Globe_, in brief but well considered words, declares: - - Prof. Pratt’s lectures on the treatment of animals are - invaluable to farmers and all owners of horses and cattle. We - only wish every farmer and farmer’s boy in Canada could attend - one lecture. - -The _Canada Farmer_, the leading agricultural paper of the Province, in -describing a visit to my exhibitions and lectures, remarks: - - We have seldom passed an evening so pleasantly, or with so much - real profit, and our advice to every farmer and farmer’s son - in the country is, to take a course of lessons if possible, - but at all events to attend one of Professor Pratt’s public - exhibitions. We feel perfectly satisfied that a couple of hours - spent in witnessing one of these performances will impart a - better idea of the nature and management of the horse than is - possible to obtain by any course of reading on the subject, and - in this respect alone one such entertainment is worth fifty - times the amount charged for a life-membership. - -I next visited the city of Hamilton, where I was welcomed by many warm -friends, who took an active interest in my welfare and seemed delighted -with my system, which, at this time, had gained great favor with the -Canadian people. Here I formed a large and profitable class, and secured -the friendship of many, from whom I have since met a cordial reception. - -Leaving Hamilton, I directed my course to the town of Whitby, where I -formed a class of one hundred and twenty-five; next visiting Oshawa, -where my class reached the number of one hundred and forty; then to -Bowmanville, where a class of a hundred rewarded my efforts; from there -to Port Hope, where one hundred and fifty joined the class I opened; -thence to Belleville, where I enrolled about one hundred names. After -having left the latter place for about a week, I was followed by a -messenger, dispatched to me by my class, who bore a diploma highly -eulogizing my system. It was as follows: - - BELLEVILLE, _May 11, 1875_. - - PROF. O. S. PRATT. - - _Dear Sir_: We, the undersigned, express our satisfaction of - the tuition we have received from you in the education of the - horse and most cheerfully recommend your art to all who own, - have or use horses, as being the best known and exhibited. - - The manner in which you handled all the vicious horses brought - to you here, completely subduing them in a very short time, - gave us the greatest satisfaction. - - Your liberality and gentlemanly deportment have secured - numerous friends. - - Trusting you will meet with the same success in other places - that attended you here, and hoping you may be long spared to - propagate your noble system of horse training, we are, etc. - - (Signed), - - H. B. HUNT, Brewer. - G. H. RAMOY, C. E. - C. RAMOY, Coal Merchant. - DR. TRACEY, M. D. - S. M. HICKS, Miller. - E. F. POTS, Wholesale Liquor Merchant. - J. C. L. WARE, P. O. Clerk. - JOHN LAKE, Livery. - T. C. WALBRIDGE, Ex-M. P. - WELLINGTON BOULTER, Insp. Life Ins. Co. - GEO. A. SIMPSON, Coal Merchant. - STEPHEN GARRETT, Bailiff. - HAWLEY & MORDEN, Hawley House. - G. W. ALLEN, P.O. Clerk. - HENRY MCNINCH, Blacksmith. - And ninety others. - -From Belleville I went to the town of Picton, where I found many admirers -of that noble animal, the horse. Though the place is not large, the -people flocked to my exhibitions, and gave me a class of one hundred and -forty members, while, after I had left their town, and was engaged at the -village of Wellington, twelve miles distant, a deputation from Picton -waited on me, and presented me with the following diploma, which will -speak for itself: - - PICTON, _May 17, 1875_. - - PROF. O. S. PRATT: - - We, the members of your class, formed in the town of Picton, - are unwilling to allow you to take your leave without warmly - expressing the great satisfaction that has been ours since your - arrival among us. Your plain, lucid and highly interesting - lectures, combined with your gentlemanly deportment, has been - such as to leave a lasting and beneficial impression on our - memories. Your manner of handling vicious and untutored horses - has been highly gratifying to us, and the rapid progress made - by you clearly proves the superiority of your system. Your - book, so replete with instructions, illustrating what we have - seen practically demonstrated, will, we believe, greatly - benefit us in the practice of your system in future years. - - Believe us, dear sir, to bespeak for you unequaled success in - your future efforts. - - Yours, etc., etc., - - G. STRIKER, M. P. P., - E. LOUKS, Rector of Picton. - A. M. KERR, Bank Agent. - FRED. WHITE, Teller. - BIDWELL WAY, Ed. “New Nation.” - J. H. ALLEN, Mayor, - J. F. INGSOLL, M. D., - COLIN GEARING, Merchant. - R. A. NORMAN, - G. E. VANDUSEN, - RICHARD LAKE, Hotel Keeper. - M. CLARK, Merchant, - And one hundred and twenty others. - -After forming classes in several places in the old loyal county of Prince -Edward, and meeting with good success, I crossed the beautiful waters of -the Bay of Quintie, arriving at the town of Napanee about the first of -June, 1875. There I formed a class of one hundred. Pursuing my journey, -I traveled north and west, exhibiting at many places, until I reached -the town of Peterborough, where I remained a short time, and formed a -class of one hundred members. Departing thence, I visited many towns and -villages, forming classes in each, on my way to Lindsay, at which place -I enrolled the names of seventy-eight members. - -From Lindsay I went to Fenelon Falls, quite a newly-erected town, yet I -found many there to whom my visit was a pleasure, as I soon obtained a -class of some sixty members. - -Passing on westward, I continued to meet with success, forming classes -in some few small villages until, on the 9th of September, I entered the -beautiful town of Barrie. There I found warm friends, and many lovers of -the horse, who met me cordially, and gave me a class of one hundred and -thirty-five members. - -I next shaped my course northward, to the old town of Penetanguishine, on -the eastern shore of Georgian Bay. The larger portion of the inhabitants -are French Canadians, many of whom are unable to speak our language. -I was informed by some of the old inhabitants that the town was first -settled a century ago; but, notwithstanding this, their progress has been -slow, as at present the population is but about one thousand. My class -in this place numbered about seventy persons, who seemed highly pleased -with my system of educating the horse. - -At Penetanguishine I took passage on the steamer Waubuno for Collingwood. -The boat is commanded by Captain Peter Campbell, a courteous gentleman, -who possesses the power of so adapting himself to his passengers as to -make a trip with him pleasant in both the enjoyment and the retrospect, -while the romantic scenery which meets the eye of the voyager who ascends -the bay is so beautiful that, were it not for the severity of the winters -there, one might easily be tempted to select his home amongst the -beauties of nature which adorn the shores of Georgian Bay. - -On arriving at Collingwood, I gave an exhibition that created a strong -interest among the citizens, and resulted in my forming a good class, who -manifested both satisfaction and delight with the instructions I imparted. - -After exhibiting at small towns on the way, I arrived at the truly -beautiful and lately-incorporated town of Meaford, on the fifth day of -October. A drenching rain was falling, which seemed to indicate that my -prospects of success would be blighted by the inauspicious storm; but, -as the day swept on towards noon, the parting clouds allowed the golden -sunbeams to flow through, and, by two o’clock, the whole aspect of the -scene was changed. I gave a public exhibition, and formed a class of -nearly one hundred members. - -From Meaford I traveled over bad roads until I reached Owen Sound. Here -I did not find as many lovers of the horse as I anticipated, yet I was -pleased before the close of my labors by meeting a good degree of success. - -Georgian Bay, near the southern bend of which is Owen Sound, is a -beautiful sheet of water, broadening out as it leaves Lake Huron, with -which it is connected, and forming what seems like a land-locked lake -in itself. Large steamers leave this port for Lake Superior, and many -tourists deem this route one of the most pleasing of all on the upper -lakes. Ere long, it is asserted, a communication will be opened from -this point to Winnipeg and the far-off Province of Manitoba. - -Having thus brought my narrative down to the present time, I would add -a few words to the reader who may have kindly followed me through the -scenes I have recorded. In what I have written one object has been to -show the strong and unqualified endorsement my system of equine education -has everywhere received from the men best qualified to judge of its -merits, while, at the same time, the narrative is a fitting, and I hope -not an uninteresting, introduction to the system itself, which, with -other matter relating to the general subject, will be fully and clearly -taught in the following portions of the book. - -And now, with a hearty appreciation of the unvarying kindness he has -received from his patrons in all portions of the land, the author begs -leave to respectfully dedicate this work to those whose aid, appreciation -and friendship have so often cheered him in his efforts. - - - - -HISTORY OF THE HORSE - - -From the earliest ages this noble animal has been the friend and -companion of man. Prized for his beauty, loved for his docility, and -valued for his strength, he has ever been regarded as the highest in -value and importance of all domesticated animals. In the remotest ages, -as far back as authentic history discloses anything of the life and -pursuits of man, we find that the horse occupied a prominent position in -his service. Painters have pictured on their canvas the majesty and grace -of the spirited animal. Poets have celebrated his strength and beauty in -their verses, and even inspired writers have introduced amongst their -most glowing descriptions the horsemen and chariots which formed a chief -feature in the pomp and magnificence of those early days. - -In the most ancient hieroglyphs we find him present, and always so -represented as to show that, even in the remote antiquity from which they -date, he had been brought into complete and serviceable subjection. In -the oldest Egyptian paintings the horse is seen only in the war chariot, -and in the descriptions of the siege of Troy only the charioteer appears, -from which it has been supposed that the first horses used by the Greeks -were too small to be conveniently ridden. But in the lately-discovered -paintings in the palace of Nimrod, at Nineveh, disinterred by Layard, and -supposed to be more than three thousand years old, horsemen are exhibited -both in the chase and war. - -But further back than even those distant times, in the ages where -authentic history merges into the shadowy light, amidst which myth and -fable mingle with the real, we find this noble animal figuring, but then -exalted into a semi-human sphere. The Centaurs, who inhabited the passes -of Mts. Pelion and Ossa, and the great plains of Thessaly, in Upper -Greece, were probably a race resembling in many respects the Tartars of -this age, and are supposed to have been the first who brought the horse -into subjection to man. They were fabled as being half horse and half -man. They are represented as perfect horses in all respects below and -behind the withers and the chest; there, at the insertion of the neck, -began a human body, the hip-joints articulating into the shoulders of -the lower animal, and the abdomen of the man passing gradually into the -chest of the horse. Above this the human form was perfect, with the erect -bearing, chest, shoulders, arms, neck and head of a complete man. They -were reputed to be possessed of extraordinary mental as well as physical -powers, and to be as superior to ordinary men in wisdom and art as they -were in fleetness and strength. They were evidently a tribe of horsemen -whom the ignorance and superstition of that early period elevated into -a superior race, in the supposition that the horse and man were united -in one. Everything points to them as being the first who succeeded in -breaking and using the horse. - -Coming down to the times of authentic history, we find the Parthians -to have been amongst the most renowned for their skill in training and -using the horse. Their feats of horsemanship in battle showed a complete -mastery of the animal, which, in their battles with the Romans, rendered -them so efficient as mounted archers. - -Frequently, in ancient paintings, the mounted steed is represented -without a bridle, and the Numidian cavalry are said to have guided and -restrained their horses without it; an assertion by no means improbable, -as a Comanche Indian of the present day will frequently jump on the back -of a wild and untrained horse, and guide him by the simple expedient of -covering with his hand the eye of the animal on the side opposite to that -in which he wishes to direct it. - -In modern times the horse has been so closely associated with man that -he appears in every phase of society, and it is only when his numerous -uses are considered that we realize how greatly the human family is his -debtor. The knight of the days of chivalry would have been impossible -but for the trusty steed which bore him so gallantly in the lists at -the tourney, and amidst the deadlier strife of the battle. Before the -plow and at the harrow he has multiplied the productions of the earth -a hundred-fold beyond what human strength alone could have secured. -Laboring before the loaded wagon, he has been a steady drudge for man. -Harnessed to the elegant equipage or to the humbler “cab,” or bearing -along the dusty highway the stage-coach of the traveler, he has performed -a thousand offices indispensable to human comfort and advancement. It is -not too much to claim for him that civilization itself would have been -shorn of something of its present fair proportions but for the valuable -services rendered by this noble animal. - -Yet, with all his acknowledged value, the horse has been too frequently -the victim of neglect and cruelty; often ill-fed, poorly sheltered, -and harshly treated, till, in many cases, the innate nobleness of his -nature has been obscured by vicious habits, contracted through the -mismanagement or abuse to which he has been subjected, and perpetuated -by ignorance and prejudice. Naturally, the horse is usually gentle and -confiding; he is quick to perceive, and possesses an excellent memory, -which qualities render him capable of being educated easily, and to an -extent far greater than is generally supposed. Added to this, he is -capable of deep and lasting attachment. - -What the horse may have been in his natural state is not known, as none -at present exist in that condition. The horses which at the present day -are found in a wild state in Northern Asia and America, are known to be -the descendants of individuals formerly domesticated. On the prairies -of the West, the pampas of South America, and the plains of Tartary, -they live in troops, roaming at large, without fixed place of abode, -seeking the richest pasturages by day, and resting at night in dry and -sheltered situations; these large troops, which have lived independently -for many generations, entirely exempt from the influence of man, probably -afford a tolerably correct idea of what the primeval animal was. They -are generally smaller, yet stronger, than the domesticated animal, with -rougher coats, stronger limbs, and larger heads. Even when adult, the -wild horse is readily domesticated, and may be broken to any use without -great difficulty, thus proving the natural gentleness and docility of -his nature. They are captured by the lasso, bitted, mounted, and broken -within an hour by the daring and skillful Gauchos. - -The Arabians, long renowned for their attachment to the horse, early -showed the extent to which intelligent training could develop his finer -qualities, and render him the most docile and obedient of animals. -Something in that country or its climate is especially suited to the -development of the horse, and, although introduced there long after his -domestication in other eastern countries, he rapidly attained a degree -of excellence which surpassed all others, until the horses of Arabia and -the adjacent portions of Asia and Africa became the most celebrated for -speed, courage, spirit, intelligence and docility of any of the equine -race. Small in size, he has a beautiful, lean, bony head, with a very -broad forehead, a tapering muzzle, and large, well-opened nostrils; his -mane is very long, thin and silky. It is from the Arabian horse, crossed -with the Barb, that the best stock of England and America has sprung. -Although much of the superiority of these horses is attributable to -peculiarly favorable conditions of the country where they originated, -yet many of their excellent qualities may be traced to kindness and -intelligent training by which those qualities were first developed, -and through which they have been transmitted until they have become -characteristics of the race. - -The Arabian understands the value of his horse, appreciates the nobility -of his nature, and treats him accordingly. They kiss and caress them; -they adorn them with jewels, and amulets formed out of sentences of the -Koran, as a preservative against evil and accidents. “In short,” says -a modern author, “they treat them almost like rational beings, which -are ready to sacrifice their lives for their master’s benefit.” In the -desert he is the familiar comrade, tentmate and playmate of his master, -as docile and intelligent as a dog. Rev. V. Monro relates an anecdote -of an Arab, “the net value of whose dress and accoutrements might be -calculated at something under seventeen pence half-penny,” who refused -all offers made to purchase a beautiful mare on which he rode, declaring -that he loved the animal better than his own life. The French author, Dr. -St. Pierre, quotes a remarkable instance of the attachment an Arabian -feels for his horse: “The whole stock of a poor Arabian of the desert -consisted of a most beautiful mare. The French Consul at Said offered -to purchase her, with an intention of sending her to his master, Louis -XIV. The Arab, pressed by want, hesitated for a long time, but at length -consented, on condition of receiving a very considerable sum, which he -named. The Consul, not daring, without instructions, to give so high a -price, wrote to Versailles for permission to close the bargain on the -terms stipulated. Louis XIV gave orders to pay the money. The Consul -immediately sent notice to the Arab, who soon after made his appearance -mounted on his magnificent courser, and the gold he had demanded was -paid down to him. The Arab, covered with a miserable rag, dismounts and -looks at the money; then, turning his eyes to the mare, he thus accosts -her: ‘To whom am I going to yield thee up? To Europeans, who will tie -thee close, who will beat thee, who will render thee miserable. Return -with me, my beauty, my darling, my jewel, and rejoice the hearts of my -children!’ As he pronounced these words, he sprung upon her back and -scampered off towards the desert.” - -It is not surprising that such a high appreciation of and fondness for -this noble animal, united to an intelligent training, has resulted in -the production of a race of horses unrivaled in excellence. But among -Europeans and Americans the treatment of the horse has been usually so -harsh, and the mode of training so deficient in intelligence, as to -greatly lessen his value, even where a brutal ignorance has not brought -into activity every vice latent in his nature. Of the numerous faults -ascribed to the horse a very small portion are chargeable to his natural -disposition, the remainder being the direct result of vicious training, -or rather of the absence of training, and the substitution of something -which, under that name, first produces and then fosters the faults for -which the animal is punished; while often the punishment is ineffectual, -because the animal has no conception of why it is made to suffer. - -Education is as essential to the horse as it is to man, and in each -case it must proceed on the same general principles. Man, if uneducated -and untrained would degenerate into barbarism, and the horse, unless -brought under subjection to an intelligent will, will remain wild and -ungovernable. In each case education is the process by which the higher -and better qualities are developed and the lower and evil are restrained. -The first grand lesson to be learned by each is that of subjection -to authority; the child is taught that by his parent; the horse must -learn it from his trainer. But, after that, knowledge is required, and -this must be imparted by methods adapted to the nature that is to be -cultivated. The object of the practical portion of this book is to show -in what that knowledge consists and how it may be communicated to the -horse, and so impressed upon his memory that it will never be forgotten. -The author has the fullest confidence that the methods of breaking and -training the horse, herein taught, will, if early applied, prevent his -acquiring any of the faults which, under former systems, have proved so -numerous; while the treatment recommended for correcting bad habits, -already formed, will prove effectual in even the most stubborn cases, -and with the most intractable dispositions. The reader will not be -asked to accept any unproved theory, but will be instructed in a system -which, although subjected to the severest tests, has never failed to -accomplish the desired results. And that it never will fail, the author -feels assured, it being firmly based on reason and experience. That it -may require patience and self-control on the part of the instructor -the author does not deny; but so does the instruction of a child, the -breaking of a dog to the gun, or even the training of a vine to its -trellis; but the satisfactory results which are certain to be attained -will furnish an ample reward. - - - - -DIRECTIONS FOR FEEDING AND FITTING A HORSE. - - -1. TO RAISE A TROTTER SO THAT HE WILL LAST A LONG TIME.—A horse that is -going to display great excellence as a trotter will not attain his speed -at four years, nor at five, but will reach his highest excellence when -the well-bred horse of seven years has been long gone from the turf. -_Nothing in nature, soon matured, lasts long._ - -In fitting a running horse, the case is different, as his constitution is -not the same; the colts of blooded horses are inclined to mature earlier -than any others, and, being of leaner and wiry build, they can stand more -feed at an early period than a lower-bred horse. - -There are good reasons, which I fully endorse, for not feeding growing -colts much grain. If the colt is weaned, I would recommend from one to -two quarts per day, varying the quantity according to his size, as one -with a large, loose frame will require more than a close-built colt, -which keeps in good order and fills out as he grows up. Good pasturage, -however, is the main requisite. Give no corn to colts while they are -young. Late in the fall give your colt all the hay he can eat, and be -careful to have his oats clean and of good quality. When his first winter -comes, let the colt have a good place to run, and be well-housed at -night. Never turn such colts out with old horses, calves and heifers; -should you do so, you may expect a shivering, scrawny colt, scarcely able -to put one leg before the other; while, by avoiding this error, your colt -will be as gay and frisky as when standing by its mother. - -When weaning, a warm bran-mash, now and then, with a few oats mixed -in, will be beneficial; it will do the whole system good, and improve -digestion. Give colts and horses all the water they can drink, but do not -give it often. Never give a colt physic unless it is sick; to prevent -sickness, diet when symptoms of indisposition appear. - -Yearling colts should have three quarts of oats per day; their other food -must be abundant and good. When two years old in the spring, give four -quarts of oats per day; when three years old give six quarts, and when -four years old give eight quarts daily. - -2. TO MOUTH AND BIT A COLT.—The bitting must not be continued long at -a time, from five to twenty minutes is sufficient, great care must be -observed not to overdo the colt as short lessons, often repeated, make a -better impression and are more lasting. When the colt becomes fatigued -his temper will begin to rise, and I am satisfied that two-thirds of -horses viciously inclined are made so by improper handling when young. In -handling a two-year-old trotter the utmost care, as well as gentleness -and firmness, must be exercised. It was not customary, in former times, -to handle colts until they were four years old, but later experience -has shown the advantages of beginning at an earlier age. A colt can be -taught at two years old, and be made to trot at three if the handling -is properly done. But a danger to be especially guarded against is the -impatience of the owner who, when he finds that the young colt can trot -a little, always desires to see him do it more or a little faster. If he -pushes the colt in such a way he will soon have one that will do nothing. -The only proper and safe way is to proceed gradually, but continually; -the colt should be kept at it gently, so as to retain all he learns, -which he will do if he is not forced off his feet. - -Then break him to ride; mount and dismount, but do not straddle him till -he gets accustomed to your getting off and on; then ride him for a few -moments, but not so long that he will get leg-weary. I recommend less -walking for trotters than was formerly employed. - -3. TO EDUCATE HIM FOR THE ROAD.—In doing this the skeleton is preferable, -to keep the weight off his back. Take your horse to some track; if there -is none, then upon the road; do not speed him along at the same rate; -but in short “spurts,” when he will extend himself without injury. If he -seems tired, let him up a little. You must watch for such indications, -as this is a critical time in the education of your horse. This jogging -should not exceed from two to four miles a day, with “spurts” of not -over a quarter of a mile. You should carefully ascertain whether or not -he improves, as at this age his improvement should be constant. Perhaps, -at this time, you may see him break his gait, showing that he has had -too much work for his age and has become sore. Then suspend your driving -and when he gets well apply my trotting rig as shown in the engraving. -The colt then, finding something on his mouth and legs to keep him -steady, will alter his way of going. Though he is to be taught to go -without being pulled hard, it should still be remembered that the colt or -horse will often want to get his head down and feel the bit. The driver -should then support him, with as little pull as possible, yet enough to -accomplish that purpose; the horse with good mouth will always feel the -driver’s hand. - - - - -SYSTEM OF EDUCATING THE HORSE. - - -_NEW METHOD OF HALTERING A VICIOUS OR WILD COLT._ - -[Illustration: NEW METHOD OF HALTERING A VICIOUS OR WILD COLT.] - -Having directed my attention for many years to compiling a system of -educating the horse, and traveling over twenty-five States of the Union, -together with nearly all the cities and towns in the Provinces of -Ontario and Quebec, during the past eight years, it is highly probable -that few, if any, men are better prepared to impart instruction or to -give direction with regard to the management of the horse than myself. -Therefore, without being egotistic, or overrating my ability, I can but -say that, if the reader will adopt the various ideas found in my work -relating to the colt alone, he will have gained knowledge sufficient to -more than repay him for the amount paid for the book. - -I deem it advisable to give special directions to those who raise colts, -not only as to their manner of treatment and education, but, knowing -full well the difficulty sometimes attending the first haltering of wild -colts, I have prepared the foregoing plate as illustrative of my method, -and now proceed to give directions which, if strictly followed, will -insure success. - -Take a pole about ten feet long; drive a nail near the end, then drive -another about fifteen inches from it; now take a rope halter, and hang -the part that goes on the top of the head on these nails; then enlarge -the nose-piece, by means of the slip-noose, sufficiently to allow it to -slip on easily, observing to hold the halter stale in your hands with the -pole; approach your colt with great care, and allow him to smell of the -halter, and, in a few minutes, he will yield to your advances, and allow -you to place the halter on him without much difficulty. Make the shank or -stale of the halter about three times the ordinary length, for, as soon -as he finds himself caught, he will use his best exertions to get away -from you. - - -_TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO THE WORDS “COME HERE.”_ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO THE WORDS “COME HERE.”] - -Place a Camanche bridle on the horse, made as follows: take a small cord -about sixteen feet long, tie the end around the neck firmly, so that it -cannot slip; then double your cord, placing it under the neck, from, -the shoulder to the mouth; step back at the side of your horse, and say -“Come here;” at the same time give him a sharp jerk, and he will swing -around to you; when he comes, caress him with your hand on the shoulder; -now repeat the same on opposite side, remembering to caress each time; -do this four or five times, and you will find that your horse will obey -and fully understand the words “come here.” Always speak the words with a -distinct and commanding tone of voice. - -I desire that the reader may understand that obedience in the horse is -accomplished by pain; so, when you inflict pain, accompanied by a word, -the horse is made to understand that the words mean pain; and, rather -than suffer pain, he cheerfully obeys the word. - -Persons have practiced the foregoing idea and succeeded in accomplishing -their purpose and have, no doubt, been highly gratified that their -horse was so intelligent, yielding a quiet obedience to their efforts -in a very short time; now had the owner known that a foundation for a -complete education was properly laid, how easily could he have built a -superstructure thereon that would have been permanent and beneficial -during the life of the animal. Men are often conceited and think that -because they have experienced no difficulty in the past in breaking and -handling their horses, therefore all will be sunshine in the future. I -would advise a careful perusal of my work, and, by so doing, those of the -character above described will have their conceit supplanted as they gain -the knowledge of a practical system of properly educating the horse. - - -_HOW TO LAY A HORSE DOWN._ - -[Illustration: HOW TO LAY A HORSE DOWN.] - -Place a rope or rein around the horse’s body, forming a surcingle; pass -the other end under the tail and bring it back, tying it to the part -around the body, thus forming a surcingle and crooper; also put a ring, -say an inch in diameter, in the surcingle on the back; then strap up the -nigh fore-leg as follows: take a quarter-strap, pass it two or three -times around below the fetlock, then through the keeper; bring the leg -up and buckle close to the belly; place around the neck a quarter-inch -strong rope, loosely, fixing the knot so it will not slip; bring the -end down the near side of the head, through the mouth, and back on the -off-side through the ring in the surcingle; now take a position on the -nigh-side of the horse, commencing to pull gently, allowing him to -struggle a short time, after which he will lie down quite easily, without -sustaining any injury. - -By adhering strictly to the instructions given, every person will -readily see, that the object in laying the horse down is to give him -to understand that you are master; and, after repeating this two or -three times, he will be perfectly satisfied of the fact. While down, -place a small pole between his legs, moving it about; if he shows fear -or resists, give him a sharp pull on the cord in his mouth by way of -correction. In other words, punish him for doing wrong, and caress him -for doing right, thus making him understand the difference between right -and wrong. - - -_HOW TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF._ - -[Illustration: HOW TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF.] - -Animals are often sulky, and quickly acquire the habit of lying down. -Balky horses, when urged to go, will lie down and refuse to get up, and -an ox will sometimes lie down in the furrow when before the plough. When -the habit is thoroughly settled, it becomes very annoying to the owner or -driver, who often resorts to severe means, but fails to accomplish the -end desired; therefore, to prevent violence and ill-treatment, I give the -easy and simple remedy subjoined, which, when adopted, will be found to -be practical and _never-failing_: - -Raise the animal’s head up, as illustrated in the foregoing plate, and -pour into his nostril a small quantity of water, not to exceed a pint, -from a pitcher or cup, and you will be amused by the pleasing result: the -animal will rise to his feet as quickly as it is possible for him to do -so; he believes himself to be drowning, and will extricate himself with -all speed. - -Simple as is this expedient, it is yet unfailing in its efficacy; and -that which most commends it to the acceptance of kind-hearted men is the -absence of all cruelty in its application. No pain is caused, but the -unusual sensation, together with the necessity for air on the part of the -horse, banishes his former feeling of sulkiness or anger and the yields -to the almost irresistible impulse to spring to his feet and free his -nostrils of the water. - -If any one who has never applied this remedy should doubt its power, he -only needs to try the experiment in a mild way on himself, when he will -realize its power upon the horse. - -I believe it would be impossible to devise another method so free from -pain, so harmless to the horse, and yet so thoroughly efficacious as is -the one we have here given. - - -_TO EDUCATE A COLT NOT TO BE AFRAID OF HIS HEELS._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COLT NOT TO BE AFRAID OF HIS HEELS.] - -Too much importance cannot be attached to the manner of educating a -horse’s heels, as it is in that point his greatest means of defense and -resistance lies, and most men make the mistake of breaking one end of the -horse, while they allow his hind parts to go uneducated. The instructions -I am about to give will, if properly followed, insure success. - -After laying your colt down, commence to handle his hind parts and heels, -being careful to hold the cord firmly in your left hand, so that, if he -attempts to get up, you can control him; then strike him gently with a -stick, and, if he should show fear, which he naturally will, punish him -in the mouth; then place the stick between his legs and commence moving -it around, and, if he makes no resistance, remember to caress him; almost -as much is accomplished by caressing as by punishing. - -The above instruction is equally applicable to a kicking horse, but -in his education he will require more lessons before the habit will -be entirely removed; still, kindness and a little patience will soon -accomplish all you desire. - -Men in general exercise too little patience in the training of their -colts, and they frequently expect to accomplish more in a short space of -time than can possibly be performed. Yet the time really required, when -measured by days, is so short as to be really surprising. Let us suppose -that in training a colt one were to spend two hours a day for ten days, -which is the longest time that could possibly be needed; compute the time -at ten hours to the day, and the whole amounts to but two days, at the -end of which he would have a well-educated animal. I doubt if a farmer -or horse-raiser could employ his time more profitably in any other way -than in thoroughly educating his colts, as he thus enhances their value, -for there is no sensible man who would not give ten dollars more for a -properly educated animal than for one improperly trained. - - -_TO EDUCATE A COLT TO DRIVE BEFORE BEING HARNESSED._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COLT TO DRIVE BEFORE BEING HARNESSED.] - -Place on him the Bonaparte bridle, as shown in engraving, with your cord -in the left hand and whip in the right; the cord referred to should be -about eighteen feet long; now drive him around a circle to the right -about fifteen minutes; then drive him to the left about the same time. -You have now educated your colt to drive, and may with safety put on your -harness, observing to put the reins through the shaft tugs at his side; -then commence driving him carefully for some fifteen minutes on a walk, -turning him to the right and left as before directed. Do not use the whip -more than sufficient to give him a knowledge of its use. Never drive a -colt without blinders. It is better to first hitch him to a sulky or a -cart, and do not put on breechings, but allow the cross-bar frequently to -come against his heels, so that he may never be afraid, or learn to kick. -Never forget, when your colt is obedient, to stop him, and walk up to and -caress him. - -I am unwilling to pass on to another illustration without more fully -impressing on the minds of those who raise or break colts the necessity -of kind and careful usage in educating their animals. Never approach -your colt quickly. Never, pull the halter or bridle off quickly. Always -handle the colt’s ears with great care. Never punish him on the body -with anything but a whip, and with it as seldom as possible, as many -colts become sulky and show signs of balking when severely whipped. It is -better that you should give your colt two or three lessons each day, as -heretofore directed, at intervals of say two hours apart: by this means -you do not overtax his brain, nor cause him to get weary. In this, as in -many other cases, the wisest course is to “make haste slowly.” - - -_HOW TO EDUCATE A COLT TO MOVE HIS BODY WHEN HE MOVES HIS HEAD._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COLT TO MOVE HIS BODY WHEN HE MOVES HIS -HEAD.] - -Place on your bridle, then your harness; carry your reins through the -shaft tugs; take your position behind the horse (see engraving); now -commence to drive, turning him round frequently, first to the right, -then to the left, and he will quickly understand to move his body when -he moves his head. By this means you are educating to the shafts, and -educating not to be afraid of his heels, thus thoroughly breaking your -horse at both sides and both ends. - -After your colt has been driven two or three times, as above described, -educate him to obey the word “whoa:” let him walk along smartly, then -speak plain, with audible voice, and say “whoa;” at the same time pull on -the reins with some force; when he stops, caress him; repeat this a few -times, and, in the short space of fifteen minutes, you will have taught -him the use of the word. Now your horse is educated to drive and stop at -the word of command. - -The next thing in order is to teach him to back. To accomplish this, -grasp your reins firmly, and with a determined effort; speak firmly, -making use of the word “back,” at the same time pulling with all your -might; if he obeys the first time, step up and caress him; if not, -increase the power by inviting one or more of your friends to assist on -the reins, being fully determined to accomplish your purpose. As soon as -he obeys, don’t fail to caress him, and by this process you will educate -your horse to the word, which he will never forget. - -Your colt being educated, you may now hitch him up to a vehicle, -observing to drive him very slow, only on a walk, and after thus driving -him a few times, you can with certainty say that you have a thoroughly -educated horse, whose value will be greatly increased, compared with the -old or any other system of breaking the colt. _Always_ observing to drive -your colt with blinders, only using the whip enough to let him know the -use of it. Be kind to your animal, never using harsh means, and he will -reward your kindness by implicit obedience. - - -_IMPROVED METHOD OF BITTING A COLT._ - -[Illustration: IMPROVED METHOD OF BITTING A COLT.] - -Use the Bonaparte bridle, placing a loop on the lower jaw; carry the cord -back on the neck, bringing the end of the cord down through the loop on -the jaw; then draw the horse’s head up in an easy and graceful position, -and tie a bow-knot. Should the horse attempt to rear and go over -backwards, give a little pull to untie the cord, and the horse is saved -from any accident. The object aimed at in bitting a horse is to give an -easy position, with a high and graceful carriage of the head, and, in our -efforts to do this, we must be careful not to give him a dead bearing on -the bit, or make him what is usually known as a “lugger.” All the bitting -rings which we have examined, and especially those of English make, are -objectionable, as having a tendency to produce this result. The rig which -we here give you is entirely free from this objection, and is better -calculated to produce the desired result of ease and gracefulness than -any ever before presented to the public. Our rig, instead of bearing -on the jaw-bones whenever the horse presses his weight upon the bit, -producing a calloused jaw and indifference to the bit, contracts the side -muscles of the cheek on the molar teeth, with a pain the horse cannot -endure; he lifts his head, the bit falls on the side rein, and the mouth -is at once relieved. Practice has shown that horses bitted with this rig -soon acquire the habit of gently and gracefully raising the head with -that occasional toss, or upward and downward motion, and playing with -the bit, which is the perfection of beauty in a carriage horse, while -standing in the harness. - -It is not possible for a horse with our rig to become a “lugger.” This -bit never bears upon the jaw-bone with more than a light pressure, and -when he attempts to rest his head upon the bit, the pressure on the teeth -causes him to desist and elevate his head. He soon dreads to rest upon -the bit, and of his own free will, without the force of the rein, carries -it up with freedom and ease. - - -_EDUCATING THE COLT TO RIDE_ - -[Illustration: EDUCATING THE COLT TO RIDE.] - -First put on the Bonaparte bridle, make a double half-hitch, bringing -it over the head, back of his ears, and, carrying it down to the mouth, -place it under the upper lip, taking the end of the cord in your right -hand, placing it on the horse’s rump; then place your left hand in the -mane; now spring partly on and off, as seen in the plate on preceding -page. Do this several times; if he moves, punish him in the mouth, by -means of the cord; if he does not move, when you get off caress him; -then go to the opposite side, repeating the same several times, after -which you may safely mount your horse, but be particular not to remain -on his back too long at a time, as the strength of the animal is not yet -sufficiently developed to bear a protracted strain. Like the young of all -animals, the colt has a great deal of energy and spirit, but lacks the -stamina to endure long-continued exertion, nor can it be imposed on them -without certain injury. - -Men do not act wisely by practicing the old system of riding colts, viz., -by mounting on the back with reins and whip in hand, and, so soon as the -colt jumps about or rears, applying the whip or heels; for the reason -that the animal _does not know_ what you require of him, but believes you -design some injury, and therefore resists your efforts to ride him. No -wonder that he repeatedly throws his rider and treats him as an intruder. -He cannot be less terrified than a man would be if a wild animal were to -mount on his back. In order to secure success in educating his colt to -ride let the reader adopt the foregoing instructions, and he will not -have cause for regret, but will find that he has gained more than the -single point of riding, as he has taught his colt that he does not intend -to harm him, and that his duty is to yield a cheerful obedience to his -owner’s commands. - - -_INSTRUCTIONS TO RIDE THE COLT._ - -[Illustration: INSTRUCTIONS TO RIDE THE COLT.] - -Take a small cord, ten to twelve feet long, divide it in the center; then -place the center back of the ears, cross it in the mouth, then bring -both ends along the neck to the withers, and tie a knot, thus forming a -powerful bridle, sufficient to ride the most vicious animal. - -Sacred history contains the declaration that there is “the bridle for -the horse, the whip for the ass, and the rod for the fool’s back,” and, -while writing my book, I have often thought of the first portion of that -quotation. The power of the bridle in controlling the horse is really -wonderful, and the new forms of powerful bridles given in this work -enable the most timid rider to secure the mastery of the most powerful -animal. The one described above is excellent, and can never fail to give -satisfaction when it is used as directed. - -There is no exercise so invigorating and scarcely any so delightful as -the manly one of riding the horse, yet three-quarters of the pleasure -of equestrianism depends on the early training of the horse for this -delightful exercise. The rider who feels that he has beneath him an -animal obedient to his slightest wish, and which responds to a touch of -the heel or the lightest pressure of the bit, moving to the lifting or -the falling of the bridle, such a rider feels almost as though the horse -on which he sits forms a portion of himself, and courses onward with a -delightful sense of power and freedom. Nearly all of this excellence in -a riding-horse depends on the way in which he has been educated while -young. Faults then acquired may be corrected, it is true, in later years, -yet it is far more desirable that they should never have been formed, -but, in place thereof, the qualities secured which form the excellence of -a horse. - -I throw out these suggestions at this point, for I am now dealing with -the early education of the colt; later in the book I shall have to speak -more of faults to be corrected, and it is my wish to impress on my reader -the great importance of the kind of education which the colt receives at -his hands. - - -_TO HALTER-BREAK A COLT, AND HITCH IN THE STABLE._ - -[Illustration: TO HALTER-BREAK AND HITCH A COLT IN THE STALL.] - -Place the center of a sixteen-foot cord under the horse’s tail, and bring -it over and cross it on the back; then tie it firmly in front of the -breast (as seen by reference to illustration on preceding page); carry -the halter-strap through the manger, and bring it back under the mouth; -then tie the end of the strap to the cord in front of the breast. The -colt is now tied by the head and tail. While he yields quietly to the -confinement, he is comfortable and easy, but the moment he begins to -resist he punishes himself; this he soon learns, and in a little time -ceases the efforts which he finds to be productive of pain. He will -always remember the lesson, and give no further trouble. - -It may seem a trifling thing to have gained the result described above; -yet, as the earth is made up of grains of sand, so the thorough education -of the horse is the result of attention to a multitude of small affairs, -each one seeming to be of little importance in itself, but which, in -their total, make the difference between a gentle and an unruly animal. - -Too much care and attention cannot be bestowed on the colt while you -are giving him lesson after lesson, as he is susceptible of impressions -that will take weeks to overcome, provided you should through neglect -or carelessness omit to practice the instructions laid down. Do not -suppose that any of the directions given in this book are unimportant. -They are, one and all, the result of long experience in the management -and education of the horse, and each one, in its place and relation to -the general system, is as necessary, though perhaps not as important, -as any other. To be certain of reaching the best results of the system, -the reader must not pass over any of our directions as unimportant -or unnecessary, but accept each as a part of the system which it has -required years of time and thought to bring to its present state of -perfection. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK AT YOU WHEN ENTERING THE STALL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK AT YOU WHEN ENTERING THE -STALL.] - -Place on the horse the Bonaparte bridle; then drive a staple at the side -of the stall, near the manger, three or four feet from the floor; then -attach another staple at the entrance of the stall, the same distance -from the floor; now pass the cord through both staples and tie it. When -you enter the stall, pull sharply on the rope; at the same time use the -words “go over.” The head of the horse will be drawn towards you, and his -heels to the opposite side. Thus you avoid all danger, and will very soon -educate your horse to abandon this bad habit. - -Vicious and annoying habits in horses often owe their origin to bad -management by their owner or groom. Allow me to instance a few examples: -A man walks into the stable and approaches his horse in the stall, and, -if he should move about quickly, the person springs back from him, -evidently showing his fear, which is at once noticed by the horse, and -taken advantage of; so that, after a repetition of this two or three -times, the animal fancies he is master, and uses his heels to help the -intruder out of the stall. Another custom prevails: that of striking a -horse on the rump or hinder parts, with a whip or stick in order to make -him stand over, and the effect is to irritate and cause him to kick. -Now, in order to insure success, walk up to your animal manfully and -determinately, observing never to show fear, and by this means you will -never teach your horse to kick at you. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT KICKS OR PAWS IN THE STALL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT KICKS OR PAWS IN THE STALL.] - -First make the Bonaparte bridle, as before directed; carry the cord -through a surcingle, attached around the body, back to a ring in front -of the hind-leg, to which are attached two straps, one above and one -below the gambol joint of the leg he has the habit of kicking with; thus, -when he kicks, he is punished in the act, and soon gives up the habit. -_Pawing_—Continue the cord forward to a ring attached to two small straps -above and below the knee-joint, as seen on engraving, observing, as above -directed, to attach the appliance to the leg he paws with, reversing the -straps when required, which will give a horse the knowledge that when he -paws he punishes himself, and the reader will see, by this treatment, the -habit speedily broken up. - -The habit of kicking in the stall is one that is not only disagreeable -to the owner of the horse addicted to it, but is often destructive and -costly, as a horse viciously inclined to that habit will sometimes even -splinter the boards of the stall, and with so simple and effective a -method of correcting the bad habit it should never be tolerated for a -single day, and the possessor of this book would be inexcusable should he -suffer it to continue in an animal owned by him. - -The habit of pawing in the stall, though not so vicious in its nature -as that of kicking, is yet sufficiently troublesome and unpleasant to -deserve a speedy correction, and the owner of a horse addicted to even -the last-named fault will be more than compensated for the slight trouble -caused in its removal. - -It may seem needless to repeat what has before been said, in substance, -that the seemingly small faults of a horse are the ones which most -frequently lessen his value and impair his usefulness, and that the -removal of any one, however trifling, adds a money value to the horse -more than sufficient to compensate for the time and trouble expended. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO GET CAST IN THE STALL._ - -[Illustration: TO PREVENT A HORSE GETTING CAST IN THE STALL.] - -Drive a staple in the ceiling over the manger at the side of the stall, -then another in the ceiling in the center of the stall over the horse’s -head; pass a small cord through the staple at the side of the stall; tie -a horseshoe, or the weight of a horseshoe, so that the cord will not draw -through the staple; then put the cord through the staple in the center of -the stall, bring it down within two and a half feet of the floor, and cut -it off, attaching a snap to the end; place a ring in the halter at the -top of the head, in the center, as seen in engraving. Now, when his head -raises up, the weight comes down; when his mouth is on the floor he can -lie down with ease, but he cannot get the top of his head to the floor; -and, if he cannot get the top of his head to the floor, he cannot roll; -and, if he cannot roll, he cannot get cast. This remedy is as simple as -it is certain, and is always perfectly safe. - -The habit of rolling in the stable is one often attended with fatal -results, in addition to the anxiety experienced by the owner of the -horse. Various means are resorted to in order to prevent the animal -getting cast, and most of them are wide of the mark; and, in order to -acquaint the reader with the variety of ways practiced, so that he may -contrast the difference between others and mine, I have thought proper to -write more explicitly on the subject. - -A favorite idea with many is to tie the halter so short that the -animal cannot get his mouth near the floor; this renders the horse -uncomfortable, as he cannot lie down when he desires. Another is, -hitching the halter-stale at the ceiling directly over the head of the -animal, and allowing cord enough that he may get his mouth on the floor; -this, too, is attended with bad results, for when he raises his head up -there is sufficient slack in the rope so as to permit his getting his -foot over the rope and become so entangled as to render his position -dangerous. - - -_TO EDUCATE A COLT TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COLT TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.] - -First put on the colt a common halter without a leader, then place a -small cord about eighteen feet long, divided in the center, under the -tail, cross it on the back, then bring the ends through between the -under-jaw of the horse and the nose-piece of the halter, and tie it to -the hind end of the wagon. This idea will be satisfactory, and your colt -will soon be educated to lead without trouble to his owner. The expedient -is a very simple one, yet will invariably prove successful, because the -colt will find his own comfort to be promoted by doing as you wish; -and this is one of the principles which underlie my whole system of -training—to make the horse desire to do that which his owner wishes. - -Under this head I am satisfied that I cannot be too particular in giving -instructions, as persons often grow merry when witnessing the results -produced from ideas that are so different from their old and accustomed -ones, practiced for leading colts. After you have hitched your colt in -the manner described, do not start off immediately, but let him remain as -quiet as possible for a few minutes, then start the wagon slowly, and, -if your colt attempts to rear or plunge about, stop your vehicle, get -out and walk up quietly to your colt and caress him, and when you start -him again, if possible, walk along by his side for a short time, then -stop him again, and again caress. His attention will not be attracted -by objects on the road, but very soon he will understand that his chief -business is to walk on quietly away from the punishment inflicted from -the cord under his tail. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT IS BAD TO CATCH._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT IS BAD TO CATCH.] - -Horses acquire this habit mainly from improperly turning them out; and, -to illustrate, I will give the reader an example. First, the man or -boy takes his horse to the bars or fence of the field, and lets only a -portion of either down; he now takes off the bridle or halter, and, in -order to make the horse jump over, hits him on the rump and shouts at -him; thus the animal is made to fear the approach of man when loose; so -that, with this kind of training, it soon becomes difficult to catch, and -requires education in order to counteract this bad habit. - -Directions: Put on the Bonaparte bridle, and tie a knot at the mouth, so -as to prevent it from slipping down to his teeth, when he might sever -the cord; then carry it up to his mane over the shoulder; tie the mane -together with a string; then pass the cord through the loop thus made -with the mane, and carry the cord through a loop made in the tail by -same means, and let your cord lay out behind from ten to fifty feet, -as required. Now, when you want your horse, go carefully up behind him -and take a firm hold of the cord, and say “Come here,” at the same time -pulling with all your might. By giving him three or four lessons of this -kind, you may safely take off the cord and go into the field, standing -about the same distance as when you last pulled or the cord, and repeat -the words “come here;” he will quickly obey your voice, and give you no -more trouble in catching him. - -When it is remembered how much time is often lost in catching a horse -in the field, it will be seen that, in money value, this simple point -of horse education will more than repay the cost of this book to the -owner of a horse that has heretofore been bad to catch; and the saving -of temper as well as time will make the improvement in his habits doubly -valuable. Both the man and the horse are made better by it. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO REAR UNDER THE SADDLE OR BEFORE A CARRIAGE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO REAR UNDER THE SADDLE OR BEFORE -A CARRIAGE.] - -Attach a small cord tightly around the swell of the body, tied with a -loop-knot, and carry it back into the carriage. By doing this you prevent -your horse from rearing, inasmuch as he is unable to expand his body, -and, without doing so, it is impossible for him to rear. Simple as is -this method, the reader, if he should have occasion to practice it, will -find the idea of great value, as it will never fail to prove effectual in -removing this, to say the least, unpleasant and often dangerous habit. -It is possible that the habit might be broken up in other ways, but -there are none so harmless and easy of application as is the one I have -described. - -My readers will, I doubt not, receive with kindly feelings not only the -instructions on the important points of educating their horses to break -off bad habits, but will profit by the ideas and examples given of the -various means adopted by horse-handlers to create these habits. In the -present instance, it is rarely, if ever, known that horses acquire the -habit of rearing themselves, but are prompted so to do by the means used, -viz., starting and stopping suddenly; pulling sharply on the reins, and -then striking the animal with the whip, either of which is a sure and -certain means of producing this result—that of causing the horse to rear -up whenever you desire to move off. - -The inconvenience and unpleasantness of such a habit are too plain to -need more than a mention, besides its often occasioning great alarm to -a timid driver; and the simple yet practical means I have given for -breaking up the habit, will be found successful whenever it is tried, as -it always should be where the habit exists. - - -_TO EDUCATE AND PREVENT A HORSE FROM CRIBBING._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE AND PREVENT A HORSE FROM CRIBBING.] - -Build a manger on the floor or from the floor up. In many cases this will -prevent a horse from cribbing by getting his mouth below his chest. - -Another method, _sure to be effective_, is to place a piece of sheep-skin -of long wool, eight inches wide and about three feet long, or long -enough to reach from one side of the stall to the other, and on the skin -sprinkle cayenne pepper; take soft soap and rub it on any part of the -stall where the horse will be likely to crib. If the above instructions -are strictly adhered to, and the horse is fed regularly, three times a -day, there will be little danger of his ever becoming a cribber. The -slight trouble which this remedy involves will be repaid a hundred-fold -by the satisfaction felt in the prevention or cure of a most disagreeable -habit, and one which, like every other fault, lessens the value of a -horse. In using the cayenne pepper, a small quantity will be sufficient. - -There are more bad results accruing from cribbing than many are aware of. -From cribbing the horse may become a crib-sucker, which often results in -colic, or, as it is sometimes termed, belly-ache. When this occurs of -course it becomes a dangerous habit, and no one should think it too much -trouble to adopt the instructions given under this head. Do not think -you can eradicate this habit by nailing tin or iron over the manger; you -cannot remove it thus; your horse may desist for the time being, but when -put into a stall that is not thus arranged, he will relapse into his old -habit; but by adopting the remedy I have provided he will be thoroughly -taught not to attempt to bite or gnaw the manger. - -There is a wide difference between preventing a horse from doing what he -still wishes to do, and taking from him the disposition to do wrong; the -latter alone can properly be called education, and is the only way in -which a bad habit can be permanently removed. On this principle I base my -whole system; it is education, by appealing to the intelligence of the -horse. - - -_TO EDUCATE AND BREAK A HALTER-PULLER._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE AND BREAK A HALTER-PULLER.] - -Place on the horse a common halter, without tie-strap; then take a small -cord, about 16 to 18 feet long; divide it on the center, place it under -the tail and cross it on the back; bring the ends each side of the neck, -then place the ends through the halter under the mouth; tie round a post -or tree. Then tie a strap from the mouth to the post or tree one foot -shorter than the rope, after making it taut from the tail; then cut the -strap half off, after which, frighten your horse by rolling a barrel -in front of him; now he will fly back, breaking the strap, and he will -be caught under the tail, which is a severe punishment that will, by -repeating it two or three times, educate him not to pull at the halter -again. - -The practical nature of the idea embraced in the foregoing directions -will be seen at a glance, for the following reason: the horse has from -time to time been guilty of pulling on his halter and breaking it, much -to the displeasure of the owner, but probably much to the gratification -of the horse, who, perhaps, has come to take a sort of pleasure in the -act; now he is made to repeat the same thing, unconscious of the result -that will follow, when immediately on carrying out his old habit he -receives a severe punishment inflicted by the very act. The horse is, -no doubt, surprised, but he quickly learns to connect the act and the -suffering in his mind, and so soon as he does that the habit is cured -forever. This I claim as a great excellence in my system, that its -results are all permanent; the cure is not for a day only, but for all -time; the very disposition to do wrong is wiped out of the animal’s -brain. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHEN THE LINE GETS UNDER HIS TAIL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHEN THE LINE GETS UNDER -THE TAIL.] - -Horses become kickers from various causes, and one most effectual in -producing the habit, is that when a horse gets the rein under his tail, -his driver, getting provoked, pulls strongly on the rein in order to -liberate it, and by this means burns the skin beneath the tail, when the -horse becomes excited and commences to kick. The driver then usually -begins to whip, and oftentimes the horse continues to kick, until he -breaks everything within reach of his heels, and runs away. Now the owner -has a confirmed kicker, and frequently knows not what to do to correct -the fault he has himself established. The instructions below, if properly -applied, will effect a cure. - -When your horse is down, as seen in the engraving, place a strap under -his tail and commence moving it up and down; should he kick, or show -signs of resistance, at once punish him; if not, caress him, and in a -short time his tail will become limber and he will be taught to not be -afraid, though, in driving, the rein should get under his tail. Also, -after you allow him to rise to his feet, use the same means as just -directed when he was lying down. - -In my book I have endeavored to grapple with almost every bad habit that -the horse is addicted to, and would here advise all persons who handle -them to be extremely careful that if their animals acquire unpleasant -habits, they are not mostly to be blamed themselves. Horses differ -materially in their ability to learn, and many are less susceptible of -impressions than others, therefore, it behooves the educator to first -make himself acquainted with the disposition of his horse, and treat him -accordingly, as the same line of management will not serve for all, but -an observance of one important direction, that of _always_ using the -utmost kindness, will, in most cases, prevent and remove all habits but -those of long standing. - - -_ANOTHER METHOD OF EDUCATING A HORSE NOT TO KICK._ - -[Illustration: ANOTHER METHOD OF EDUCATING A KICKING HORSE.] - -I design to make this chapter as plain as possible, so that no man need -fail to break up this worst of habits, and in order so to do, I will -commence at the beginning. With the previously-described rig, lay the -horse down, and commence to handle him. Take a stick or a piece of board -and ply it on his hinder parts, then thrust it between his legs. Should -he kick, punish in the mouth with Camanche bridle, but if he offers no -resistance, caress. When you have secured submission allow your horse to -rise to his feet, then put on him a head-stall and lines and commence -driving him on the walk; every three or four rods pull sharply on the -reins and at the same instant say “Whoa,” walk up and caress; start him -off again, and repeat the “Whoa,” say ten times, by that time you have -so educated him to the word that he will scarcely forget it for years. -Take your stick and ply it on his hind parts again; if he resists, jerk -suddenly on the reins and say “Whoa.” Ply the stick until all fear is -removed. You can now safely hitch your animal to a cart, as seen in -engraving, using no breeching. Drive him a short time, simultaneously -pull on the reins and say “Whoa,” at the same time allowing the cart to -come against his heels. Push the cart sharply against him, saying “Whoa,” -each time, speaking with considerable force, that he may understand you -design to conquer. Don’t forget to caress when the horse obeys. Should he -kick the cart and try to rid himself of it, pull with your might quickly -on the reins and repeat the word “whoa” again; so soon as he shall desist -take him from the cart and lay him down again as soon as possible, and, -if need be, summon one of your neighbors to assist you, to prevent being -foiled, for be assured, if you allow him to conquer once you have lost -much and really accomplished nothing. Give the animal another _strong_ -lesson while down, afterwards repeat it when on his feet, when by this -time you will have taken the conceit completely out of him. In all your -attempts to handle a vicious horse be resolute and determined and you -will soon give him to understand that you are master, and that his duty -is to yield a cheerful obedience to your command. - -I would enjoin upon the reader to practice the same method when educating -colts, but not so severely, because by so doing you may make them -stubborn; great patience must be exercised while handling colts, as the -faults of one misplaced lesson will be visible. Therefore one cannot be -too careful, particularly if the animal is nervous and excitable. - - -_TO CURE CORNS._ - -Cut the horn well down, but not to the quick, fit the shoe so that it -will not press upon the part, then saturate well with pine sap or gum, -which is found exuding from pine trees when cut. Fill the part in nicely -with tow, and put on the shoe, which must be so fitted as not to oblige -the part to support, but very slightly, if any, the weight of the horse. -Horses with corns must be oftener and more carefully shod than those free -from them. - - -_TO HARDEN A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE._ - -Place the bits in the animal’s mouth as low as possible, not to have them -drop out, and drive him from two to three weeks with the bits in this -way, and when they are buckled up in proper place he is hard-mouthed. - - -_TO EDUCATE THE HORSE BAD TO GROOM._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE THE HORSE BAD TO GROOM.] - -After making the Bonaparte bridle, put it on the horse, standing at his -side with the end of the cord in your hand, with the other hand use the -curry-comb or brush and commence to groom him. If he should resist your -efforts by attempting to kick or bite you, reprove him by pulling quickly -on the cord, at the same time using the words “stand still.” Afterwards -if he remains quiet, caress him; if the punishment should not prove -effectual make the double half-hitch under the upper lip, as seen in -engraving. - - -_HUGGING THE POLE._ - -This is a great annoyance to the other horse, and he will probably learn -to do the same thing, not from imitation, but from leaning inwards, so as -to enable him to stand against the other horse, leaning upon him. This -habit may be broken up by securing a piece of sole leather to the pole -upon the side where the animal leans, having a number of tacks driven -through it in such a manner as to protrude from the leather towards the -horse. - - -_LUGGERS ON THE BIT._ - -Buckle a pair of straps, about twelve inches long, with a ring at one -end, and a buckle at the other, to the check-piece, and let the straps -pass through the rings on either side of the bit; buckle the lines to the -rings on these straps, instead of the rings on the bit; this forms a gag -similar to the French twitch-gag, and is a powerful means of controlling -the mouth of a hard-pulling horse. - - -_BITS USED IN EDUCATING HORSES ADDICTED TO BAD HABITS._ - -[Illustration: BITS USED IN EDUCATING HORSES ADDICTED TO BAD HABITS.] - -NO. 1. TO PREVENT A HORSE GETTING HIS TONGUE OVER THE BIT.—Take a piece -of leather, say three inches long, an inch and a half wide, and drill two -holes in a straight bit; now rivet this leather on the top of the bit, -after which sprinkle on the upper side some pulverized rosin, and take a -hot iron and pass over it so as to form a coating. Allow your horse to -wear this bit say six or eight days when driving, and he will by that -time be sufficiently taught to abandon the habit. - -NO. 2. LOLLING THE TONGUE.—Take an ordinary straight bit of five-eighths -of an inch in diameter and drill two holes, each one three-quarters of an -inch from the center; then get a piece of very small chain, attach iron -bullets, about the size of ordinary leaden bullets used in guns, suspend -them not more than one and a half inches from the bit. Now use the bit, -every time you drive your horse, for ten days. - -NO. 3. CURE A HORSE OF SUCKING WIND.—A horse that has acquired the habit -of sucking wind is truly to be detested, as it is oftentimes attended -with fatal results, and when once thoroughly settled, great difficulty -has been experienced in removing the habit. The method I have introduced -of treating this habit has proved successful in most cases. - -Take a piece of small gas-pipe, say from five-eighths to three-quarters -of an inch in diameter, the ordinary length of a bit, heat it and circle -it a little, then drill on the upper side equal distances apart from each -end, as seen in engraving; also drill three holes on the under side, -making each hole between an eighth and a quarter of an inch in diameter, -and attach a ring near each end and allow your horse to wear this when -driving, say for at least from ten to twenty days or until the habit is -removed. - -NO. 4. TO CURE A SIDE-REINER, ONE THAT PULLS HEAVILY ON ONE REIN.—Take -a plain, jointed bit, remove one-half of the part used in the mouth and -supply a small chain from the side ring to the center joint, now on the -side that the animal pulls place the chain; he is not only attracted by -the strange sensation in the mouth, but when pulled on the chain side -receives such severe and unexpected punishment that he will quickly give -up his habit. - -NO. 5. DEAD-MOUTH OR JAW BIT.—This bit may be used on horses that pull -very much on the reins, and a lady may with safety drive a horse, as she -can control him quite easily. - -The attachment to this bit is made as follows: Take two pieces of leather -about three inches in diameter, make a hole in the center of each to -admit of the bit, cut the leather so as to put pieces on after, sew up -slit, attach two billets on under side with buckle, then buckle on under -jaw. This bit may be used without a head-stall. - - -_TO EDUCATE HORSES NOT TO BE AFRAID OF OBJECTS WHEN DRIVING._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE HORSES NOT TO BE AFRAID OF OBJECTS WHEN -DRIVING.] - -It is impossible to overestimate the value of the subjoined instructions -respecting nervous and shying horses, therefore on this topic I wish to -be particularly clear and explicit. Let the reader understand that horses -take fright at objects because they fancy those objects will harm them, -and if you can by any means appeal to the horse’s brain, and satisfy him -that he is not going to be hurt, you have accomplished your object, and -in order to do so, you must have control of your horse. I do not mean -by this that you are to adopt the too frequent course pursued by many, -viz., subduing with the whip, or other harsh means, which will, without -almost an exception, increase the fear instead of removing the habit; -again, when a horse shies, the driver commences to jerk on the rein -nearest to the object, and at once applies the whip, fully determined to -master his horse; both man and horse get excited, and the horse comes off -victorious, because he cannot control him by the means used, and the -result is that the next time the animal is frightened it bears a two-fold -character, the fear of the object, and the fear of the whip-punishment. - -In order to properly educate your horses in this department, I would -specially direct the reader to observe and practice the following -directions: Select, first, the most prominent objects at which he becomes -frightened, then make the Bonaparte bridle of small cord, and place it -on your horse under the bridle, carrying the end of the cord into the -carriage, and when approaching an object at which he takes fright, get -out of your carriage, stand nearly in front of him, give a quick downward -pull, and say, “Come here!” At first do not punish him too severely; but -if he will not obey, increase the punishment, and so soon as he complies, -caress him. Bring him quite near the object, and, if possible, let him -smell of it, as by adopting this method he will quickly understand that -the object will not hurt him. Now turn him around, and drive him past the -object two or three times, and you have accomplished your end. - - -_FIRST LESSON TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA._ - -[Illustration: FIRST LESSON TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.] - -Place on the animal the throwing rig and proceed to lay him down, when, -should he jump around and show resistance, do not get anxious to throw -him quickly, but let him caper about, he will soon give up. After he is -down present the umbrella to him folded up, allow him to smell of it, -then rub it gently across his nose and head, now open it partly, again -let him smell of it, shut it and open it several times until he becomes -perfectly reconciled to the appearance, open or shut; work slowly and -carefully so as not to excite him more than possible to avoid. - -In another part of my book I have illustrated the education of the animal -to the umbrella when on his feet, and will not go further on this point -than to use the old familiar word, _caress_. - -On no account should the operator, when practicing any idea in my system, -forget that success greatly depends upon caressing when the animal obeys. - - -_HORSE BAD TO BRIDLE._ - -Horses become unwilling to be bridled from various causes, sometimes -from sores on the head or ears, sometimes from hurriedly and improperly -removing the bridle, and sometimes from sheer ugliness of disposition, -prompted by a desire to be master. The treatment in these cases should be -varied. In the latter case named it will be necessary to lay the animal -down, and while thus under control, handle his head and ears, after which -put your bridle on and off several times, exercising patience and being -careful to avoid anything like roughness. Should he resist, punish him -in the mouth, using your best judgment to avoid severity, and so soon -as he submits caress. As to the former, where a dislike to be bridled -arises from abuses, kindness must govern the conduct of the educator. By -using my Bonaparte bridle you will be able to control and counteract all -predisposition to resist your efforts in a very short time. Should there -be sores about the animal’s head, you had better restore to soundness -before you attempt to educate to comply with your wishes. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.] - -On page 261 may be found the first lesson to educate a horse that fears -an umbrella. I now proceed to explain the idea illustrated by the -foregoing cut. - -Place on the animal the Bonaparte half-hitch bridle—found on page 306. -First present to him the umbrella closed; allow him to smell of it, then -rub it gently across his nose and body, observing not to move quickly. -Should he resist your efforts, jerk on the bridle and say “Whoa!” Make -another attempt, and should he remain quiet, caress him. Now partly open -it, placing it over his head, observing to avoid touching his head or -ears with the umbrella—while doing so, caress; and you will be satisfied -punishment in the mouth and caressing will accomplish all that you may -desire. - - -_TREATMENT OF WOUNDS._ - -Wounds are caused by accidents of various kinds, when the skin is much -torn from the flesh. If you are at hand while the wound is quite fresh, -take a square-pointed needle, and a waxed thread, and sew it up. Be sure -to put the needle in straight, one side over against the other, draw the -skin tight, tie a knot, and cut off the thread; then take another stitch -about an inch off, till it is all nicely drawn together. It is quite -wrong to sew up a wound as you would a piece of cloth; the thread should -be cut after each stitch. When you do not see the wound till the place is -growing dead, and the skin is drawing up, then take off the loose skin; -for if you permit it to remain, it will leave a blemish. - - -_ENGLISH STABLE LINIMENT._ - -Oil of spikes, aqua ammonia, and oil of turpentine, of each 2 oz.; sweet -oil and oil of amber, of each ½ oz.; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix. - - -_TO EDUCATE A SINGLE-FOOTED HORSE TO TROT SQUARE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A SINGLE-FOOTED HORSE TO TROT SQUARE.] - -Upon the hind leg of the horse that hitches or single-foots, place two -hame-straps, one above and one below the gambol-joint, attaching a ring -on front, by which means the straps are confined; then place a small -strap on the opposite front leg just below the knee-joint, now buckle on -a strap from fore-leg to hind-leg, passing it up under the surcingle (as -seen in engraving). Now proceed to drive your horse, and you will at once -discover that he cannot single-foot, but must trot. By paying particular -attention to the instructions given, the pleasing result will follow -and your horse will be taught to abandon the habit. The reader must be -careful not to trot his horse fast up hill nor allow him to draw too much -weight while trotting. - - -_RING-BONE REMEDY._ - -Pulverized cantharides, oils of spike, origanum, amber, cedar, British, -and Barbadoes tar, of each 2 oz.; oil of wormwood, 1 oz.; spirits of -turpentine, 4 oz.; lard, 3 lbs. Melt the lard slowly, and add the other -ingredients, stirring well till cool; clip off the hair, and apply by -rubbing in and heating. In about three days, or when done running, wash -off with suds and apply again. In recent cases, two or three applications -will cure; old cases require more time. - - -_AN EXCELLENT LINIMENT FOR SPAVIN, SPLINT CURBS, ETC._ - -Oils of spike, origanum, cedar, British, and spirits of turpentine, of -each 1 oz.; pulverized Spanish flies, ½ oz. Apply once in six or nine -days. - - -_TO EDUCATE A PACING HORSE TO TROT._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A PACING HORSE TO TROT.] - -Take four hame-straps, attach two on each hind-leg, one above and one -below the gambol-joint, confining the straps on the front of the leg by -means of a small ring. Then place two hame-straps on the front legs just -below the knee-joint; buckle a strap from each fore-leg, carrying them up -under the surcingle, and attach them to the rings in front of hind-legs, -crossing strap from off fore-leg to nigh hind-leg, and from nigh fore-leg -to off hind-leg; now commence to drive your horse, walking him very slow, -as the new action of the legs may cause him to stumble; but after a few -minutes you may increase his speed, and you will be delighted to see your -horse trotting at a rate that will astonish you. - - -_POLL-EVIL AND FISTULA._ - -Common potash, ¼ oz.; extract of belladonna, 12 drams; gum Arabic, ¼ oz. -Dissolve the gum in as little water as possible; then, having pulverized -the potash, unless it is moist, mix the gum water with it, and it will -soon dissolve; add the belladonna; mix, and it is ready to use. - -The best method for getting this into the pipes, is by means of a small -syringe, after having cleansed the sore well with suds. Repeat once in -two days, until the callous pipes, and hard, fibrous base around the -poll-evil or fistula are completely destroyed. - - -_NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT._ - -Take beef’s gall, 1 quart; alcohol, 1 pint; volatile liniment, 12 oz.; -spirits of turpentine, 1 lb.; oil of origanum, 4 oz.; aqua ammonia, ½ -pint; oil of amber, 3 oz.; tincture of cantharides, 6 oz. Mix. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TROT._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TROT FAST.] - -The appliance required to form the trotting rig is arranged as follows: - -Take four hame-straps, attach two on each hind-leg, one above and one -below the gambol-joint, confining the straps on the front part of the -leg, by means of a small ring. Then take a standing martingale and attach -a small pulley on the lower end of the martingale; then take a small, -strong cord, tying one end in the ring on one hind-leg, passing the other -end through the pulley, bringing it back to the other hind-leg and tie -it in the ring; adjust the rope in accordance with the stride of your -horse, observing to drive him very slow for a time until he shall become -accustomed to the rig. - -This idea with alterations as hereinafter set forth may be successfully -applied to horses while being used by the husbandman in ploughing, -that are addicted to the habit of kicking. I have already given the -reader a number of ideas on this point that, if used in accordance with -instructions, will not fail to give satisfaction. - -Put on the horse the trotting-rig, as seen in engraving, with the -exception of the standing martingale attached from the pulley to the -bit-ring of the bridle; then through the eye of the pulley insert a small -cord, say twelve feet long, carry both ends up between the fore-legs, -pass one end through the bit-ring on the off-side up over the head, and -down on the nigh-side of the head to the bit-ring, and then tie it. -Now take the other end of the cord and carry it up on the nigh-side -through the bit-ring and pass it over the head down to the bit-ring on -the off-side and there tie it. By thus manipulating your cord you will -perceive that you have a system of severely punishing the horse when he -shall kick. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE IN SHAFTS._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE IN SHAFTS.] - -Horses are quite often educated to kick in harness as well as out and -almost numberless accidents have been caused by this vicious and bad -habit. Men are found reckless enough to tantalize their horse with a -whip and sometimes punch him with a stick, regardless of consequences. -The result, in most cases, is that the animal becomes a kicker, and the -habit when once formed is not easily eradicated by resorting to the -old stereotyped method of placing a strap over the horse’s rump and -buckling to the shafts on each side. This treatment may in time effect -the purpose, but it will require months to do so. Laying _all others_ -aside, I with confidence say to the reader, if he will but practice the -subjoined idea he will find it not only practical but effectual, because -the punishment is so severe that a few lessons will convince the horse -that it will be greatly to his advantage to abandon the habit. - -Take a cord twenty feet long, divide it in the center, place it back -of the ears, bring it down and cross it in the mouth, then bring it up -between the eyes, placing a ring or loop there; now bring it back through -a ring attached to the head-stall between the ears, then bring both ends -of your cord under the saddle of the harness and along the back, to a -ring slipped over the crupper against the hip-strap; bring the cords -through the ring down to the shaft on each side of the horse, observing -to leave just slack enough so that your horse may not be too much -confined. The cord used may be quite small, so that it is strong. - -Now when your horse makes an attempt to kick he will find a severe -punishment immediately meted out to him, and thus, finding his attempt -fruitless as well as painful, he will be made to understand that -while obedience is rewarded, punishment quickly follows each act of -disobedience. This simple yet effective expedient makes the horse punish -himself for his own misdeeds, and by making the act of kicking the cause -of his suffering disinclines him to attempt it, for neither horse nor man -will voluntarily provoke certain pain. - - -_DIURETIC DROPS._ - -These drops are reliable in cases of stoppage of water, foul water, or -inflammation of the kidneys. Take sweet spirits of nitre, 4 oz.; balsam -copaiba, 2 oz.; oil of juniper, 2 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 2 oz.; gum -camphor, pulv., 1 oz. Mix all together, and shake well; bottle; and it is -fit for use, for man or beast, under all circumstances where a diuretic -is required. - -Dose for horse, 1 oz. in half a pint of milk, once in six hours. - -Dose for man, 1 teaspoonful, in a tablespoonful of milk, once in six -hours. - -Be sure to shake the mixture up well before pouring out for use. - - -_TO EDUCATE A LAZY HORSE, AND INFUSE LIFE INTO HIM._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A LAZY HORSE AND INFUSE LIFE INTO HIM.] - -I have already given many ideas referring to balky horses, and as the -old, tried remark is verily true, that “in the midst of council there is -safety,” so with a multitude of ideas there is certain success. I will -add one more to the catalogue. - -Something that especially attracts the attention of a horse accustomed -to balk often causes him to forget for the moment his offensive habit -and start off, much to the surprise of his driver. By adopting the idea -illustrated in the engraving and the explanation connected therewith, the -reader will have no difficulty, in ordinary cases, with this peculiar -_tormentor_, in accomplishing his purpose. - -By many this may be considered a kind of jockey trick; but the reader -will find the information valuable if he has a lazy horse or one that -does not drive up well on the bit, as by following the directions given -below he will be prepared to show as much style as any man in his county. - -_Directions._—Take a small chain, about three feet long, and attach to -it a strap or limber stick about the same length; with this in hand walk -into the stable and commence plying on him a few smart blows, with this -educator, above the gambol-joint, repeating it once a day for three or -four days; when you hit him of course the chain rattles and makes, to -him, a peculiar noise. Now, after you harness him up, put the chain in -your carriage, then take your place behind him and commence driving, and -when you want to show style, just kick the chain about a little with your -boot and you will be surprised at the spirit and zeal manifested by your -horse. - - -_AN EASY METHOD OF STARTING A BALKY HORSE WHO STOPS ON THE ROAD._ - -[Illustration: AN EASY METHOD OF STARTING A BALKY HORSE.] - -Among the various bad habits which horses acquire there are none which -more severely try the patience of man than does the habit of balking. -Frequently a horse is quiet, kind, and a good roadster, but has this -habit of occasionally stopping in the road. At such times the almost -universal practice is to whip the horse, and sometimes most brutally, or -the more sickening custom of procuring a bundle of straw or some shavings -and setting them on fire under the body of the horse. Such kinds of -treatment I utterly discard, and the reader will find, in another part -of my book, that I give several methods which will prove effectual in -eradicating this habit, only meting out sufficient punishment to secure -obedience. - -Below I give an excellent method of starting a balky horse, and one which -will prove effectual, though it will not educate the horse to abandon -the habit. When your horse balks get out of your carriage, walk up to -him and commence kicking him with the toe of your boot under the fetlock -joint, first one then the other, using the word “shoo!” loud and quick -every time you kick. Then take your seat in the carriage and use the word -as before directed, when your horse will start at once. This process -diverts his attention and causes him to move on. - - -_TO EDUCATE A BALKY HORSE TO DRAW IN DOUBLE HARNESS._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A BALKY HORSE TO DRAW.] - -Persons have resorted to many things in order to make a balky horse draw, -and, after laboring for months, have seen all their efforts fail and are -often disappointed by finding their animal worse instead of better. Let -me assure the reader that however other methods may have failed, if he -will but follow the subjoined instructions he will certainly accomplish -the end desired. - -_Instructions._—Take a small strong rope, about a quarter of an inch in -diameter and sixteen feet long, double the rope and place it under the -balky horse’s tail; carry the ends up through a ring attached to the -crupper or hip-straps, then pass them through the terret-ring on the -saddle of the harness, and bring the ends to the true horse’s hame-ring; -then tie firmly, exercising judgment about the slack to be given to the -cord; then commence to draw slowly and your balky horse will soon learn -that he has got to move with his mate. - - -_OINTMENT FOR ALL BRUISES, SCRATCHES, HEEL GREASE, SADDLE GALLS, ETC._ - -Take 3 oz. white lead, 3 oz. lard, 1 oz. burnt alum, and 5 grains -calomel. If the sore is of long standing, use 10 grains of calomel. - - -_HOOF LINIMENT, FOR CONTRACTED HOOF._ - -Venice turpentine, ½ pint; aqua ammonia, 2 oz.; salts of nitre, 1 oz.; -benzine, 1 oz.; alcohol, 3 oz. Apply to edge of the hair and to the hoof, -twice a day for the first three days; once a day for the next three days; -after that, once in two, three, or four days, as the case may require. - - -_REMEDY FOR BOTTS._ - -Take oil of turpentine, 8 oz.; alcohol, 1 quart. Mix and bottle for -use. Dose, 4 to 5 oz. in the horse’s feed, once a day for 8 days, will -effectually remove every vestige of botts. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING SHOD._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING SHOD.] - -The reader has heretofore been instructed how to lay the horse down and -thus get him under his control; but as horses possess a variety of bad -habits, it becomes necessary that I should treat each one separately, and -carefully explain, so that none can misapprehend. - -Many horses rigidly resist the efforts of the blacksmith when undertaking -to shoe his hind-feet, but the following ideas will enable you to -thoroughly educate him to stand quiet. - -Place a strap or cord between the hoof and fetlock joint; then stand in -front of the horse and commence to pull the foot forward; if he shows -resistance punish him in the mouth; continue to pull and punish until he -will allow you to thus handle the leg, and, so soon as he remains quiet, -step up and caress him; then stand behind him and pull his leg backwards -several times until you have removed all stubbornness or fear; when you -have accomplished this let him get up, after which repeat the same thing, -not forgetting to caress immediately when he submits to your treatment. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE, WHILE STANDING, THAT IS BAD TO SHOE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE WHILE STANDING THAT IS BAD TO SHOE.] - -The treatment for educating the horse after being laid down, which has -been given, is to show him that your power is superior to his; the method -now to be given will show him that you have the same power over him when -standing as when he is down. - -Place on him the Bonaparte bridle, as shown in the engraving, and take a -half-hitch, placing it back of the ears and down under the upper lip, as -shown in the engraving. Place a man at the side of his head to punish him -with this bridle when he does wrong, remembering, as soon as the animal -does right, to caress him. - -Take a single rein, or a rope, about fifteen feet long, placing it on -the hind-foot below the fetlock joint with loops; then stand behind the -horse and lift his foot; if he shows resistance or kicks, punish him in -the mouth; continue doing this till he will allow you to handle his feet. -If one lesson will not answer give him two, and, if necessary, give him -three, or four, as he has got to submit to this treatment. - - -_TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES._ - -Take one-half pound of walnut or butternut leaves, and pour upon them -three quarts of cold water; let it infuse one night, and pour the whole -next morning into a kettle, and let it boil for a quarter of an hour. -When cold it is fit for use. - -No more is required than to moisten a sponge, and before the horse goes -out of the stable, let those parts most likely to be irritated be well -smeared over with the liquor, between and upon the ears, neck, flank, -etc. - - -_DOUBLE-HITCH BONAPARTE BRIDLE._ - -[Illustration: DOUBLE HITCH BONAPARTE BRIDLE.] - -This bridle may be used with great success, for many purposes in -educating horses possessed of vicious or bad habits, and in order that -the reader may not make a mistake I will explain it. - -First. Make a small loop with one end of the cord and place it on the -under jaw, then carry the cord on the off-side of the head over back of -the ears, and bring it down through the loop on the nigh-side, you have -now the Bonaparte bridle, afterwards pass the cord through your right -hand, then with your left take hold of the cord and place it over the top -of the head, and bring the cord down with your left hand under the upper -lip. - -The great advantage of this bridle is the complete control of the horse -which it gives to the one using it. After the animal has learned its -power all thought of resisting leaves him and he submits to the will -of his owner. Harsh as it may seem to one who does not understand the -principle on which it is used, I do not hesitate to say that it is the -most merciful device which could be originated, a hundred times more -so than the brutal method of whipping a horse to make him obey. In all -the horses I have handled I have never twice drawn blood, and the only -occasion when I did so was by the drawing of a cord too rapidly as a man -might have a rope drawn through his hand. Yet by the use of this bridle -I have controlled and educated the most vicious animals that could be -found, with the greatest ease to me and with the least possible suffering -to themselves. Whipping makes no durable impression on the brain, as this -does; it requires hours where this method takes but minutes; it is often -unsuccessful, which this never is. - -I will only add that a horse never should be coaxed, he is first to be -subdued by fear and ever after is controlled only as he has a sense of -the superiority of the one who uses him. - - -_THE ONLY SAFE METHOD OF CONTROLLING A HORSE BAD TO SHOE._ - -[Illustration: ONLY SAFE METHOD OF CONTROLLING A HORSE BAD TO SHOE.] - -I appended to a former plate instructions whereby a horse may be educated -not to kick while shoeing; but if owners of horses will not take the -pains to educate, it is scarcely reasonable that the blacksmith should be -subject to severe torture in shoeing a vicious horse; therefore I have -provided the foregoing plate as descriptive of the mode of perfectly -controlling the horse’s hind-foot, so that the farrier need have no fears -for his safety. Take a single rein or cord, make a slip-noose and put it -on the horse’s hind-leg between the fetlock-joint and hoof; then bring -the rein or cord forward to the breast and pass it around over the neck -at the shoulder; now bring it down and put it under the rein or cord, -forming a half-hitch, and bring up the leg so as to make it convenient -for the smith to pare the hoof or nail the shoe; then take a pole-strap -or one of similar width, and place it under the other strap or cord, -forming a loop by means of the crupper or loop near the buckle with the -buckle outside, now pass the end of the strap up on the inside and front -of the leg and around the gambol-joint, bring it down and buckle it; when -you want to clinch the nails let out the strap two or three holes and -draw up tightly on the rein or cord that is in front of the breast and -around the neck. By this means you can accomplish the desired end, as you -have the foot and leg under your control. - -Should the horse attempt to recline over on the blacksmith, put on the -Bonaparte bridle with double half-hitch, and pull quickly two or three -times, and he will gladly stand erect while being shod. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF THE CARS._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF THE CARS.] - -Much difficulty, and loss of property, has resulted from not being -able to control horses that become frightened at the approach of the -locomotive or cars, and, in order to avoid the annoyance and prevent -accidents, I have with great care prepared the foregoing plate, and will -now give an accurate description of the mode of educating the animal, and -the appliance required, I will first describe the bridle, seen at the -right of the horse. Make the Bonaparte bridle as previously directed, -then place it on the horse, stand at the nigh-side holding the cord in -your right hand, now pass your left hand over the right and take hold of -the cord, then by bringing the hand back and stepping in front of the -horse, you have formed a half-hitch, then place it over the head and -bring it down under the upper lip and above the upper jaw, thus you have -a powerful bridle that will control any horse. Use this with great care -and judgment, because you are now in a position to handle the wildest -horse found in the country. Don’t forget to caress the horse the moment -he obeys. - - -_SWEENY LINIMENT._ - -Alcohol, and spirits of turpentine, of each 8 oz.; camphor gum, -pulverized cantharides and tincture of capsicum, of each 1 oz.; oil of -spike 3 oz. Bathe this liniment in with a hot iron, and faithfully follow -till a cure is effected. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BACK AT THE WORD OF COMMAND._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BACK AT THE WORD OF COMMAND.] - -This point in the education of a horse is one of great importance, for -no animal can be considered thoroughly educated till he will obey the -command of his driver without the necessity of using the rein or the -whip. Many persons in order to stop their horse will draw with all their -strength upon the rein, and to back him requires the exertion of a force -enough almost to bring the horse on his haunches, when in either case a -well-educated horse will stop or back at the driver’s voice without the -need for even drawing upon the rein. - -To educate the horse to back at the word of command, let the reader take -his stand behind the horse and with the rein in his hand, previously -arranged as shown in the engraving, commence the lesson. He may, if he -pleases, start the horse forward for a few paces, then stop him, and then -with a sudden, short and pretty powerful backward jerk, utter the word -“back!” Great care must be taken to speak the word and give the backward -jerk on the rein at the same instant, for the two must come together so -as to be associated in the mind of the horse. When he obeys caress him, -and continue repeating the lesson, and in a short time you will find that -your horse will back at the word without your needing to even touch the -reins. But in educating him to this there must not be the least interval -between the word and the short, sharp jerk, for if only a few seconds -pass he will not associate the two in his mind. - -This method will be invariably successful, and is so far superior to the -protracted and unsatisfactory means formerly employed, that it should be -everywhere adopted. - - -_TO EDUCATE HORSES OR CATTLE NOT TO JUMP THE FENCE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE HORSES OR CATTLE NOT TO JUMP FENCES.] - -Buckle a surcingle around the horse’s body, then buckle a hame-strap, -making two turns with strap between the knee and fetlock on each -fore-leg; next buckle two hame-straps on each hind-leg, above and -below the gambol-joint, placing a ring, say one and one-half inches in -diameter, as seen in plate. Now place a strap or cord from the ring -on off hind-leg up through the surcingle, then attach it to the nigh -fore-leg; then another strap or cord from the nigh hind-leg to the off -fore-leg. Now when the horse, or other animal, starts to jump over a -fence the appliance will arrest his progress, for, as he throws his -fore-legs forward, at the same time it acts upon his hind legs, taking -them out from under him, and you will find him sitting up in the field -where you turned him out. After three or four lessons your horse will be -thoroughly educated not to jump a fence. - - -_FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS._ - -First, bleed thoroughly; then give tinc. veratrum, ½ oz.; laudanum, 4 -oz.; tincture aconite, ¼ oz.; shake well, and give a teaspoonful every -three hours, in a pint of water, well sweetened, and, if the pulse is not -reduced in a short time, increase the dose to a tablespoonful, until the -fever abates. As soon as the horse recovers so as to eat and lie down -naturally, keep him on hay, with a few carrots or potatoes, and daily -give a bran-mash, with saltpetre, pulverized antimony and sulphur, for a -week or ten days, and you will prevent dropsy of the chest, which usually -follows this disease. - - -_A REMEDY TO CURE THE HEAVES._ - -One-half pint of turpentine, 2 oz. assafœtida, 2 oz. aloes, 4 oz. lobelia -seed, 1 quart of whisky, 2 oz. of sal ammoniac, 4 oz. saleratus, 1 oz. of -camphor. - -Dose, one tablespoonful once a day. - - -_TO EDUCATE A COW NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING MILKED._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COW NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING MILKED.] - -Hitch the cow to a post, then make the Bonaparte bridle as follows: Make -a loop and put it on the lower jaw, carrying the end of the cord on the -off-side of the head and around over behind the horns, bringing it down -to the mouth on the nigh-side, through the loop. Now carry the cord -around the nigh hind-leg, to the off hind-leg and tie it just above the -gambol-joint. Then sit down to milk; now the moment the cow kicks, an -impression is made on her brain, and she soon learns that by kicking she -punishes herself, and rather than suffer the pain inflicted she yields -to the influence and says by her actions, “I will not kick again.” The -principle here is the obvious one that _no_ animal will persist in doing -that which causes suffering to itself, and the moment that it comes to -associate the idea of suffering with any action, it will make that action -distasteful. - - -_COLIC OR GRIPES._ - -_Symptoms._—Pawing, manifesting a desire to lie down, and, without doing -so, commence pawing again. As the symptoms increase, the animal cannot be -kept on his feet; he frequently falls as if shot; pulse not altered from -natural condition. Intervals of rest, together with the condition of the -pulse, distinguish the disease from inflammation of the bowels. - -Treat as follows: - -Frequent injections of soap and water, and give internally spirits of -nitre, 1 oz.; laudanum, 1 oz.; water, ½ pint; mix for drench. This may be -repeated in twenty minutes, if relief is not obtained. - -Another remedy, giving _instant_ relief: - -From 5 to 10 drops of chloroform, given on sugar, I have never known to -fail giving immediate relief. I have known men to be from home, and have -their horses taken with this disease, and use this remedy, and in thirty -minutes the horses were able to be driven. - - -_TO EDUCATE A COW TO LET HER MILK DOWN WHILE MILKING._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A COW TO LET HER MILK DOWN.] - -Much inconvenience, besides an actual loss of money, is experienced by -persons who own cows that are in the habit of withholding their milk. -Having spent fifteen years of my life in gathering knowledge of value -to the farmer, and to other owners of animals, I am unwilling that even -one valuable idea should be lost to the reader, and therefore I have, at -considerable expense, illustrated the above-named point, believing that -it will be of benefit to many persons. Although the method to be employed -is very simple, it will be found practical in its operation, while -success will be certain where the directions are followed: - -Take a common bag, put into it a bushel or a bushel and a half of grain, -or its equivalent in weight of sand, then place the bag across the back -of the animal, as indicated in the engraving and the result will be -shown in the milking. As an indication of the purpose of the cow to hold -up her milk you will always see her hump up her back, then, by applying -the remedy named, the habit will be speedily removed. - - -_PRACTICAL RESULT OF EDUCATING THE COW TO GIVE DOWN MILK._ - -[Illustration: PRACTICAL RESULT OF EDUCATING THE COW TO GIVE DOWN MILK.] - -Having directed the attention of the reader to the education of the cow -so as not to disappoint her owner in receiving the quota of milk he may -rightly expect, it is but natural that the eye should be gratified by -witnessing the result. For this purpose I have prepared this engraving, -in which is represented the bag and its contents upon the back of the -animal, in just the spot where it should be placed. The reader will -also perceive the impatient wife standing with milking pail and stool -in hand, waiting for the result, which becomes apparent in the freely -flowing milk, and one can almost imagine that he hears her saying to her -husband that it is scarcely necessary now to milk the cow, for the simple -method adopted has caused a spontaneous flow of milk, and nothing now is -needed but to set the pail under her and view with wonder and delight the -pleasing effect produced! - - -_A CURE FOR HEAVES, NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED._ - -Take a common stone jar, fill it with eggs, cover them with cider -vinegar, and let it stand till the vinegar eats up the shells. Then stir -all together. Take a lump of lime about the size of a goose-egg, slack it -in hot water, using about one quart of water. Add one-half pint of the -lime-water to a quart of the egg mixture. Give a teacupful, at feeding -time, in feed, three times a day. - - -_TO CURE WORMS IN HORSES._ - -One dram white hellebore in powder, 1 dram sulphate of iron in powder, 1 -oz. flaxseed meal. - -The above for one dose, mixed with bran-mash, given at night. Repeat in -forty-eight hours, if the horse is old. Two doses are enough for the -worst case. - - -_TO EDUCATE CATTLE TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE CATTLE TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.] - -Make a rope halter and put it on the head of the animal you desire to -lead; then take a small rope, about twenty feet long, double it in the -center, placing it under the tail; cross it on the back, bringing the -ends down each side of the animals neck and then through the nose-piece -of the halter under the lower jaw, and tie the ends firmly to the end of -your wagon. - -If you wish to lead more than one, take another rope, twice the length of -the former one, double it in the center, placing it under the tail, cross -it on the back, bringing the ends down each side of the animal’s neck and -then through under the lower jaw. Now bring the ends, one on each side of -the forward cow, and carry the rope through the halter under the jaw and -tie it to the wagon. - -By adopting this plan no difficulty will be experienced in educating your -animals to lead, and when you drive home with your cattle following thus -they will be sure to arrive there at the same time as yourself. - - -_TO EDUCATE A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE TO PULL ON THE BIT._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE TO PULL ON THE BIT.] - -Many horses are very sensitive to a hurt in any part of the body, so much -so that they often grow frantic when severely punished, and it seems -to be the delight of some persons to inflict injury to a horse of this -temperament, sometimes with a view to make him rear or prance about, -believing it adds to the appearance of the animal, when the contrary -is the fact; a bad habit is almost sure to grow out of such treatment, -and then it may take some time to eradicate it. One of the evils often -presented is that the animal becomes tender-mouthed, and I have known -many cases where balking has been the result. Let me urge the reader -never to jerk sharply on the bit, except when educating or correcting a -habit, as heretofore directed. - -The only effectual method of treatment for a tender mouth is to use a -large straight bit, leave the check-rein quite loose, and drop the bit -low down in the mouth, as seen in engraving, which will slip up and down -and harden the mouth in a short time. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF A BUFFALO ROBE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF A BUFFALO ROBE.] - -The education of the horse being quite a new idea to many persons, it -therefore becomes necessary that, in my characteristic explanations, -I should make my ideas both plain and simple—so that even the most -unlettered may not become fogged while attempting to apply any -illustrated idea in my work. - -A Buffalo robe is an article in common use, and one at which very many -horses become frightened, proving a decided source of annoyance. Let not -the reader imagine that one lesson, as below indicated, is sufficient -to warrant success and thoroughly eradicate the habit. Much depends -upon the temperament of the animal; but, in most cases, three lessons -carefully imparted will accomplish the purpose. After you have given two -or three lessons do not tempt your horse by suddenly approaching him with -the robe, and when you do approach him, be sure you have the Bonaparte -bridle on him, that you may be able at once to control when the slightest -resistance is seen. - -_Directions._—If your animal is very nervous lay him down, as directed -in other places, fold the robe, hair side in, making it as small as -possible; let him smell of it, rub it gently over his nose, head and -body; punish if he resists—if not caress. When submission is apparent -allow him to rise to his feet; then, with your Bonaparte bridle, properly -adjusted, present the robe to him again. Bearing in mind the grand idea, -punish for disobedience and caress when he obeys. Carefully avoid all -unnecessary excitement while educating any animal, as it only tends to -benumb their senses and make them less susceptible of being taught. - - - - -INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS. - - -In discussing the intelligence of animals I am aware that many persons, -at the outset, would question the propriety of the term. Man has so long -arrogated the exclusive possession of mind, or at least of a mind capable -of rational reflection, that he is reluctant to concede the fact of its -possession by the lower orders of animate life. Those acts which, in the -brute creation, seem to proceed from the action of powers analagous to -human intelligence, it has been usual to ascribe to an irrational faculty -called instinct; a power invariable and despotic in its action, but in no -degree the result of reflection; some metaphysicians even going so far as -to assert that the action of animals is purely automatic, the difference -in this respect between them and the automaton moved by wires and springs -being that the former possesses a consciousness of their acts, while the -latter does not. Facts in myriads, exist which challenge the correctness -of such a theory, while in almost equal number they assert the existence, -at least in its embryonic state, of a mind capable of thought, and, to a -limited degree, of reflection and comparison, with the ability to deduce -conclusions from the facts which it considers. - -This intelligence varies greatly in the different animal races, in some -species being barely perceptible, while in others it is too conspicuous -to be ignored; and between individuals of the same species there exists -a difference so marked that, in the more favored ones which come under -our observation, the intelligence is so clear as to almost startle us by -the feeling that behind the full, liquid eye of the horse, or prompting -the fixed gaze bent on us by our trusty canine companion, there may be -a mind kindred to our own and which lacks only the power of articulate -expression to respond to our thoughts by answering sentiments. It is the -absence of the power of speech in animals which leaves us in doubt as to -the exact degree of intelligence possessed by them. If, when the farmer -says, “Carlo! the cows are in the corn—turn them out!” the dog should -turn his head and reply, “Yes, sir, I’ll have them out in a moment!” -there could be no doubt of the intelligent interchange of thought. But -the fact of his _doing_ that which in the supposed case he would express, -proves as conclusively his comprehension of the command and his purpose -to obey. The horse or dog, however fully he may understand the directions -he receives, can give no other response than by his acts, and to words -of praise or censure he can reply only by signs; these are clearly -understood by us and show that our meaning is comprehended by the animal, -thus proving a real interchange of thought. A popular author has said: “A -dog may bark, a horse may neigh, but it is not by these sounds that they -express the delicate shades of ever-varying emotion; it is by a thousand -varieties of gesture which few indeed of us can analyze but which all -clearly understand. A dog converses with his master by means of his eyes -and his ears and his tail, nay rather by every muscle of his body.” - -To test the existence and extent of intelligence we must determine the -capacity for comprehending thought. We recognize this capacity in a -child long before it can express itself in language. Its dawn is seen as -the infant learns to associate certain articulate sounds with certain -persons, acts, or things, and to distinguish the meaning of tones which -encourage, restrain or chide it. It is only after a twelve-month or more -of constant tuition, lovingly and intelligently given, that our children -begin to express in language the thoughts which are awakened by our -words and acts, yet the comprehension is as evident and the response as -apparent, the whole mental process being as perfect, long before. The -same test which proves the intelligence of the child demonstrates its -existence in animals there is a similar power of comprehending the wishes -expressed, by associating certain articulate sounds with certain acts -required, as well as an equal recognition of the tones of voice by which -approval, reproof or anger are made known; but, lacking the organs of -speech, they are debarred, and forever must be, from any except the most -limited _interchange_ of thought. For this reason, attentive study is -needed in ascertaining the extent to which they comprehend and respond to -the intelligence which addresses them. - -In the case of wild or undomesticated animals there is little opportunity -for investigating this interesting subject. We see the beaver build his -dam, and we understand the object so admirably attained by his work. We -know that the elephant, to be taken in the pitfall, must see on the earth -that covers it the foot-prints of one of his fellows, and we surmise the -process of reasoning by which he concludes that he is safe in venturing -where another of his kind has trodden. We learn that the ostrich which -in torrid regions trusts to the heat of the sand for the incubation of -her eggs, will in a more temperate latitude supply the heat which would -else be lacking by setting on her eggs during the cooler nights; but -in none of these, nor in a score of other cases, in which there seems -a rational foresight, can we determine how far the acts result from -intelligent reflection. In domesticated animals, and especially in such -as are trained for the service of man, the action of intelligence may be -clearly traced; it is demonstrated by the ease and certainty with which -they can be educated; it is seen in the readiness with which many receive -and act upon ideas communicated to them; and in a multitude of instances -the mental process is evident by which they have, independently, -reached conclusions rationally deduced from facts of their previous -knowledge. Mr. J. Hope relates a circumstance of a terrier who had been -temporarily left by his master in the care of a Mrs. Langford at St. -Albans. This lady owned a large house-dog which, disliking the presence -of the stranger, quarreled with him, biting and severely wounding him, -after which the terrier disappeared; but in a few days he returned -again, accompanied by a powerful mastiff, when both together fell upon -the original assailant, whom they nearly killed. The mastiff was the -watch-dog at his master’s house, more than a day’s journey distant, and -had been brought by the terrier for the sole purpose of avenging the -injury he had received, after which they left in company and proceeded -together to their home. Here was displayed a power of combining ideas and -of communicating them to one of his own kind, when the two acted on the -plan they had preconcerted. - -In a work just issued, an anecdote is related of a dog who had lost his -master and afterwards became old and blind, passing his time sadly in -the same corner, which he rarely quitted. “One day came a step like that -of his lost master, and he suddenly left his place. The man who had just -entered wore ribbed stockings as his master had done. The old dog had -lost his scent and referred at once to the stockings that he remembered, -rubbing his face against them. Believing that his master had returned, he -gave way to the most extravagant delight. The man spoke; the momentary -illusion was dispelled, the dog went sadly back to his place, lay wearily -down, and died.” Here was a double process of reasoning and even a -balancing of testimony with a decision that the negative evidence of -the strange voice outweighed the affirmative proof in the step and the -stockings. - -Much evidence favors the belief that animals not only become familiar -with the words habitually addressed to them, but that they, to a certain -extent, understand our language. A dog, belonging to a friend of the -writer, would slink from the room with every indication of shame if -a fault of which he had been guilty was spoken of in his presence. -The author of “Chapters on Animals” describes a dog in his possession -which clearly distinguishes between those visitors at the house who are -favorites with his master and those whom he dislikes, and adds: “I know -not how he discovers these differences in my feelings, except it be by -overhearing remarks when the guests are gone.” - -The elephant, though one of the clumsiest of animals, exhibits marks of -high intelligence, and evidently understands the language in which he is -addressed. He can be stimulated to unusual exertions by the promise of -a reward. “I have seen,” says a French writer, “two occupied in beating -down a wall which their keepers had desired them to do and encouraged -them by a promise of fruits and brandy.” They were left alone and -continued at the work, stimulated by the promised reward, until it was -accomplished. “When a reward is promised to an elephant,” says the same -author, “it is dangerous to disappoint him, as he never fails to revenge -the insult.” Nothing of this could occur without an understanding of the -language. - -In India they were formerly employed to launch vessels, and it is related -that one being directed to force a large ship into the water, the task -proved beyond his strength; whereupon his master, in a sarcastic tone, -ordered the keeper to take away this lazy beast and bring another; the -poor animal, as if stung by emulation, instantly repeated his efforts, -fractured his skull and died on the spot. - -It may be said that the tones of the voice rather than the words are what -the animal understands, yet a dog knows his name however spoken, and a -horse understands a whole vocabulary of orders. But the intelligence -which comprehends the meaning of a tone, is not less than that required -to understand a word or sentence. Mr. Hamerton, the artist, widely known -as a lover of animals, mentions a favorite dog which met an untimely -death by drowning, and in his lament over his lost pet, says: “He was a -dog of rare gifts, exceptionally intelligent, who would obey a look where -another needed an order. He would sit studying his master’s face and had -become from careful observation so acute a physiognomist that he read -whatever thoughts of mine had any concern for him.” - -The shrewd intelligence of our countrymen is nowhere more clearly seen -than in the keen bargains the New Englander is famous for driving. But -our domestic animals make bargains with us and sometimes resolutely -keep us to them. On this point a pleasant writer relates an anecdote -of a favorite mare who was so difficult to catch in the pasture as to -often require six men to effect it; “but,” says he, “I carried corn to -her for a long time, without trying to take her, leaving the corn on -the ground. Next, I induced her to eat the corn while I held it, still -leaving her free. Finally I persuaded her to follow me, and now she will -come trotting half a mile at my whistle, leaping ditches, fording brooks, -in the darkness and rain, or in impenetrable fog. She follows me like a -dog to the stable and I administer the corn there. But it is a bargain; -she knowingly sells her liberty for the corn. The experiment of reducing -the reward to test her behavior having been tried, she ceased to obey -the whistle and resumed her former habits; but the full and due quantity -having been restored, she yielded her liberty again without resistance, -and since then she is not to be cheated.” - -A horse which is regularly used for attending church, will, from its own -observation, learn to recognize the Sabbath and understand the meaning of -the church bells. Two interesting illustrations of this fact I give on -the authority of a recent number of the Hartford _Post_: - - A pair of horses that had been used during the week in - team-work to Springfield, on Sunday were harnessed and driven - to the door unhitched, and, the family being rather tardy that - morning, as soon as the second bell began to ring the horses - started off alone, and with their usual Sunday motion went up - in front of the church, when, after waiting the usual time, - they quietly went around under the horse-shed. - -Here the horses plainly understood the distinction between that day and -the six previous ones when they had been driven to Springfield, else they -would have gone, after starting, to where they had been going through the -week; they also evidently understood that at the ringing of the second -bell it was time to start for church. The gentleman who communicated the -foregoing adds an instance which occurred in his own family: - - The father of the writer, owing to increasing infirmities, - rode alone to meeting, half a mile, driving an old gray mare - twenty years old, and had not failed of going every Sabbath - for some years. On one occasion, owing to a fall, he could not - go to meeting, and on Sunday morning, as the time for meeting - approached, the horse, in a lot near the house, manifested - great uneasiness, and when the second bell struck she leaped - over the fence and trotted quietly to church, stopping at her - usual hitching-place, under an old elm tree, until the close of - the service, when the faithful animal returned safely to the - house. - -When we remember that such exhibitions of intelligence occur continually -where the animals have received no training on the subjects to which they -relate, it seems certain that they are the result of a mental process -which strongly resembles thought, and we would expect, from patient -culture, displays of intelligence greatly in advance of those ordinarily -taking place. Such an expectation is justified by the results which -have followed training when directed to this end. In a paper entitled -“Canine Guests,” Philip Gilbert Hamerton gives an account of the trained -dogs of M. du Rouil which, but for the unimpeachable veracity of the -writer, would be almost incredible. M. du Rouil began to educate his -first dog out of curiosity to see the effect of the sort of education -which seemed to him best adapted for establishing a close understanding -between the human and canine minds; the results astonished himself and -were so gratifying that he subsequently educated two others on the same -principles. Two of these dogs, “Blanche” and “Lyda,” with their master, -were guests of Mr. Hamerton, and the intelligence they exhibited, and -which he describes, is, by his own admission, “incredible,” yet may be -so only because of our ignorance of the nature and extent of the mental -powers belonging to the animal creation. Among the many feats performed -by them were the spelling of words by lettered cards; the correction -of words purposely misspelled; the working out of simple problems in -arithmetic and the playing of cards and dominoes. Of the latter, Mr. -Hamerton says: “Both the dogs played a game at dominoes. This was managed -as follows: the dogs sat on chairs opposite each other, and took up the -domino that was wanted; but the master placed it in its position and -kept announcing the state of the game. Their distress when they could -not go on without drawing from the bank was announced in piteous whines, -and amused us all exceedingly. Lyda was the loser, and precipitately -retreated to hide herself with an evident consciousness of defeat.” - -An incident occurred in the course of the evening which showed some -understanding of language. A little girl wanted Blanche to come to her, -but the dog kept away, on which M. du Rouil said, “Blanche, go salute -the little girl!” She immediately went up to the child and made a formal -obeisance. - -The owner of Blanche stated that he was going home one night accompanied -by the dog and on his way saw a man who was searching for some object -that he had lost. “What are you seeking?” he asked. The man answered -that he had lost 280 francs. “Possibly my dog may be able to find them -for you; have you any money left? If you have, show her a piece of gold.” -It was done and the dog directed to search. She at once set out and soon -returned, bringing first one piece of gold, then another, and then a -bank-note, till the whole sum that had been lost was regained. - -M. du Rouil said that Blanche really knew all the letters and the -playing-cards by their names, and Lyda really knew all the figures. In -addition to this Blanche had studied about one hundred and fifty words in -different languages, something like twenty in each language. So it was -with Lyda and the figures. She knew each one by its name, and would bring -the one called for. In describing the earlier stages of training through -which these dogs had passed, their owner said the first thing was to make -the dog fetch an object, the next to make him discriminate between one of -two very different objects placed together, and bring one or the other -as it was mentioned by its name. In beginning the alphabet he put two -most dissimilar letters side by side to begin with, such as an O and an -I, avoiding the confusion of similar ones, such as O and Q or B and R. -Gradually the dog became observant enough to discriminate between letters -in which the difference was not so marked. M. du Rouil said he had found -the greatest difficulty in teaching Blanche to distinguish between the -knaves and kings in playing-cards, but that she learned the aces very -promptly. When he was asked what, after his ten years’ experience, -was his opinion of the intelligence of dogs, he answered, with great -emphasis, “that it is infinite.” - -In subsequent pages I shall set forth my method of educating both dogs -and horses to perform a variety of feats, which will be described, and -from the ideas thus imparted the reader may multiply the number of tricks -to any desired amount. - - -_FERREN’S PATENTED STEEL HORSESHOE._ - -[Illustration: HOOF EXPANDING HORSE SHOE FOR CONTRACTED FEET & CORNS - -Ground surface of shoe. - -The hoof prepared for the shoe.] - -One of the most valuable patents for Horseshoes was granted to H. B. -Ferren, of Batavia, N. Y., for a Steel Horseshoe, which promises to come -into general use, and will, to a very large extent, supersede an Iron -Shoe, whether made by a machine or by hand, _because its form is the -best, the material is durable_, and the manner of making is such as to -secure economy, and its adoption will prevent many of the prevalent cruel -malpractices upon a horse’s foot. - - - - -TRICK HORSES. - - -Many horses are susceptible of an education far more extensive than -is necessary for ordinary use, and for the benefit of such persons -as may desire to teach their horses something more than the usual -accomplishments, whether for their own amusement, or for the purpose of -seeing how far the intelligence of the animal can be developed, I have -prepared a description of a variety of tricks, which, as performed by my -horses, have been received with universal applause, both in Canada and -in the United States; to simplify which, I have, at considerable cost, -procured plates, illustrating each of the tricks. But that no person may -be misled into supposing that this forms a part of my general system -of educating the horse, I deem it proper to present these directions -separately. - -Though the tricks to be hereafter illustrated and explained will add -nothing of intrinsic value to the horse, nor of real benefit to his -owner, yet the reader will readily see in them the demonstration of a -highly important fact, viz., that horses can be taught the meaning of -words, and to yield obedience to sounds to such an extent as to convince -a candid mind that their intelligence is far in advance of that generally -attributed to them. With these remarks I will proceed to explain the -_modus operandi_, as I call attention to a variety of tricks they may -easily be taught to perform. Before passing to this, let me impress on -the reader some leading principles in educating the horse. First, never -allow yourself to get in a hurry; impatience or excitement on your part -will go far in defeating the object of your instructions. Second, do not -prolong your lessons beyond twenty minutes at one time; and, especially, -never use severity beyond that which may be absolutely necessary. Thus by -kindness and patience in repeating your lessons at short intervals, you -will surmount every difficulty and accomplish your purpose in a manner -satisfactory to yourself. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO MOUNT A PEDESTAL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO MOUNT A PEDESTAL.] - -First make the Bonaparte bridle, and place it on your horse, then lead -him quietly up to the pedestal, and say to him, “Get up with your -fore-feet!” of course he will not obey; now you must teach him your -meaning. While you hold the bridle let some one take hold of his front -foot, raise it carefully and place it on the pedestal; then caress him, -after which say, “Get down!” at the same time using your bridle in gently -backing him. When he puts his foot down do not omit to caress him. Repeat -this until he will obey when spoken to, then go through the same process -with the other foot. After this, place both feet on the pedestal; then -require him to get down, then up and down till he will obey you without -the use of the bridle. Great care should be taken not to excite the horse -while educating him, for when excited his brain becomes muddled, and he -is unfitted for retaining your instruction. - -To make your horse stand on three legs: take a pin, and place it in the -end of your whipstock, and with the point prick him slightly on the leg, -in front, just below the fetlock joint, but not hard enough to make him -kick; repeat this several times accompanied by the words, “hold up your -foot!” continuing to repeat the punishment and words until he will obey -the command without punishment. - - -_HOW TO MAKE A HORSE WALTZ._ - -Tie his head to his side by means of a surcingle and cord, fastening the -cord at the side, reaching from the mouth; touch him lightly with the -whip. He has to go, and, of course, he must go around and around. He soon -learns perfectly to waltz by the motion of the whip, the teacher still -repeating the word “waltz.” - - -_TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO WALK ON HIS HIND FEET._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS HIND FEET.] - -Make the Bonaparte bridle, and put it on your horse; also put on a -bitting rig, similar to the one shown in the engraving, drawing his head -pretty well up and in. Now stand near his head with bridle in hand, and -jerk upward, as though you desired to lift him up, at the same time -repeating the words, “stand up on your hind feet!” repeat this several -times, and if he does not make a move to please you, take hold of one -leg, raising him up with one hand and using the bridle with the other, as -before directed, not forgetting to caress him if he makes the slightest -move in the direction of obedience. In order to ensure success, kindness -and patience should be the ruling principles. After you have taught -your horse to stand on his hind feet you will next educate him to walk -upright. This can be easily done by observing the following directions. -Stand in front of him, whip in hand, saying, “Get up!” then shake the -whip in front of him, stepping backwards slowly, at the same time say to -him, “Come here!” repeating it sharply and touching him gently with the -whip on the knees. By carefully observing the above directions, you will -quickly teach your horse to stand upright, and to walk on his hind feet. - - -_HOW TO MAKE A HORSE SAY “NO.”_ - -Prick him on the neck at the terminus of the mane till he shakes his -head, then remove the pin, caress him, repeat for a while, and your -horse will soon shake his head when you raise your hand to your heart; -be always sure to treat the animal kindly for well-doing, and caress -him when he deserves it, and he will repay you by his love for you and -willingness to do your bidding. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO PUSH A VEHICLE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO PUSH A VEHICLE.] - -After your horse has been taught to mount a pedestal with his fore-feet, -and to stand and walk upright on his hind-feet it is a comparatively easy -task to educate him to mount upon a vehicle and push it. It is not at all -necessary that a horse should be attached to it in front, as appears in -the illustration, where the engraver has placed a representation of my -black horse, Prince Albert, as a matter of taste, not as being necessary -in conducting the instruction. - -In this trick it will be scarcely necessary for the educator to put the -Bonaparte bridle on his horse unless he should show some stubbornness, -but, with bitting rig on, stand near his head, whip in hand, and say to -him in rather a loud and sharp tone of voice, “Get up!” Some fear on his -part may be manifested, still do not give up nor lose your patience, but -lift his feet up and caress him. When he does get up do not at first -allow the vehicle to move, nor until he has mounted two or three times, -then say to him, “Push!” and in a short time you will have taught him not -only to get up on the vehicle but to push it in front of him. After your -horse has been thoroughly taught, you will discover that he is delighted -to amuse you, and he will appear pleased to participate in the enjoyment -of the trick. - - -_HOW TO MAKE A HORSE GO LAME._ - -Tap him on the fore-leg till he holds it up, then caress him kindly; lead -him with the left hand to the bit, and tap the left fore-leg with a stick -in your right hand; repeat the word “lame, lame, lame,” and your horse -will soon learn to hold up one leg at the command. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BE VICIOUS._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BE VICIOUS.] - -Many persons are incredulous in regard to the assertion that horses can -be educated; had one lived a hundred years ago he might have been excused -for such incredulity, but in this age of knowledge and advancement in all -departments of human life, no man should close his eyes to any of the -developments wrought by man’s ingenuity. That the horse possesses more -intelligence than many are disposed to admit, facts abundantly prove, and -that he is quite as susceptible of acquiring evil and vicious habits as -is man, the following trick will show. - -My horse, Prince Albert, appears to enjoy the subjoined trick greatly, -and I regard it as quite a sensational one. To educate a horse to be -vicious you have only to attract his attention, and then appear to be -afraid of him. For instance, strike him lightly with a whip on the -knees, then run away from him, and after you have repeated this a few -times he will run after you. You may make the trick more interesting by -calling him names, such as “a nigger,” “a mean horse,” and on speaking -the words run from him. But be careful to have some place of safety, so -that, when he follows, you may get out of his reach, as at some time he -may disappoint and overtake you and mete out a punishment that will be -anything but pleasing or desirable. - - -_HOW TO TEACH A HORSE TO LAUGH._ - -Prick him with a pin on the nose till he turns his lip up; then caress -him well. He will soon learn that when you point towards him and say, -“Laugh,” that it means a prick in the nose, if he does not turn his lip -up. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS KNEES._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS KNEES.] - -The reader will observe, by reading my book, that great use is made of -the Bonaparte bridle, and if those who handle horses will always resort -to it when obedience from the horse is desired, they will save much time, -trouble and annoyance that so often occur, especially to persons who -quickly loose their tempers. Men can accomplish more in fifteen minutes -using the bridle than in fifteen hours with any other means, as it does -not inflict a severe punishment when properly used, but never fails to -secure obedience. Therefore, as in most cases it is used, I, in the -present, introduce it again. - -Put a surcingle on the horse, attach a strap to his nigh fore-foot -between the fetlock joint and hoof and draw it up to within eight or ten -inches of his body, then take a strap or cord, say 6 or 7 feet long, -and fasten it to his off fore-leg in the same manner and secure the -services of some person to assist you, directing him to stand on the -off-side, and, when directed, to pull up his foot. Place on the horse -the Bonaparte bridle, and take your position in front of him with bridle -in hand, requesting assistant to pull, when your horse will come down on -his knees, now pull on your bridle and say, “Come here,” when he will -soon obey you. Do not make your lessons long, but repeat them often; not -forgetting to caress him if he should make the slightest move towards you. - -Never attempt to teach a horse this trick with shoes on his hind-feet, as -he might cut himself, which would cause him to dread a second effort. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO DRIVE A BOY OFF THE PEDESTAL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO DRIVE A BOY OFF THE PEDESTAL.] - -It will be necessary to first educate the horse to mount the pedestal. -Instructions to do this may be found elsewhere; then proceed in the -following manner to educate to the above trick. Put on the Bonaparte -bridle, using a cord, say twenty feet long, and send your horse away from -you with a whip, the length of the cord, then give him a slight pull, and -say, “Come here;” then run from him and mount the pedestal yourself; when -he approaches he will try to mount, and as he does so you jump off. After -you have thus exercised him a few times get a boy to assist you. Let the -boy stand on the pedestal, and say to your horse, “Come here and mount -up;” instruct the boy to leave so soon as the animal shall mount. - -You will find this trick quite a sensational one, and not difficult to -learn your horse. - - -_TO SHAKE HANDS._ - -This is easily accomplished by tying a short strap or piece of cord to -the forward foot below the fetlock; then stand directly in front of the -horse, and hold the end of the strap in your hand, and say, “Shake hands, -sir.” After which pull immediately upon the strap, which will bring his -foot forward, and which you are to accept as shaking hands; then, of -course, you must caress and feed him, and keep him repeating, until, when -you make the demand, he will bring the foot forward in anticipation of -having it pulled up. - - -_HOW TO MAKE A HORSE BOW._ - -Prick him in the breast with a pin, till he throws his head down and up -the least bit; then take the pin away, and caress him kindly; repeat for -a few times, until when you stand back and attract his attention, he will -nod his head, expecting a prick in the breast. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO SIT DOWN._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO SIT DOWN.] - -Horses differ very much in their capacity for being taught therefore, if -you desire a pleasing subject, select one that is tractable. Directions: -Make the Bonaparte bridle, and place it on your horse, so that you may -have him under proper control, then put on him a common hame collar; now -take two pole-straps and place one on each hind-leg, below the fetlock -joint, and attach a cord, say twelve feet long, to each strap, carry your -cord up through the collar on each side and bring the ends behind him, -holding also the end of the Bonaparte bridle in your hand, and commence -to pull on your cords; now repeat over the words, “sit down;” as he goes -backwards draw up still more on your cords, until he shall sit down. Do -not allow him to remain in this sitting posture more than a minute the -first lesson. Repeat this two or three times a day for five or six days, -and you, with the assistance of a whip pointed downwards to the ground, -will witness the pleasing effect of your instruction by seeing your horse -sit down at the word of command. - - -_TO CURE THE SCRATCHES IN THE SHORTEST TIME EVER KNOWN._ - -Use two tablespoonfuls of lard, and one tablespoonful of slacked lime; -brush out the dirt and dust from the foot; _use no water_. Apply the -salve, well mixed, twice each day. It will cure the worst cases in 4 to 6 -days. - -Another remedy: - -Hydrate of potassa, 10 grains; pulverized nut-galls, ½ oz.; white lead, -pulverized opium, each ¼ oz.; lard, ¼ lb. Wash with soap-suds, rub dry, -and apply the mixture night and morning. Give purging ball. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BORE FOR OIL._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BORE FOR OIL.] - -Place on your horse the Camanche bridle, and educate him to the words, -“Come here,” so that he will mind you readily on hearing the words; by -this you can better control him while educating to the trick in question. -Some difficulty may at first be experienced, but by patience and -perseverance you will not fail. - -Take an ordinary pole-strap and place it on your horse below the fetlock -joint on the off fore-foot; now take one loose turn round the nigh -fore-foot, and take the end of the strap in one hand, with the other hand -pull gently on the bridle, using the words as instructed. Your animal -will attempt to obey, but will find himself somewhat hampered, yet he -will quickly learn. If he should at first move a foot to please you, -say “Whoa,” and then caress. Make your lesson short, and do not try to -force him too much, for if you do he will become excited and resist your -effort. - - -_HOW TO MAKE A HORSE WALK UP._ - -First put a rope around his neck, bring it down through his mouth, back -through the loop on the neck, jerk him till he raises his fore-feet -the least bit, then stop and caress him; then check him up tight to a -surcingle—from the bit to the side-ring is the better way; then jerk on -the cord, and he will soon get up erect; repeat, still caressing him -well for all he does; he will soon get up at the motion of the whip. You -should, when practicing him, repeat the words, “get up, sir!” It is in -this manner I taught Tom Thumb to go up and down stairs, and to perform -on the stage in different places, affording amusement to thousands of -witnesses. - - -_A SURE METHOD OF MAKING A HORSE BAD TO CATCH._ - -[Illustration: A SURE METHOD OF MAKING A HORSE BAD TO CATCH.] - -Two or three pages might be written upon this subject, and profitably -read by owners of horses. Young men and boys are largely addicted to the -habit of riding or leading the horse up to the bars or fence, and, some -being too lazy to let down the rails properly, compelling him to jump -over, and if he resists, the first effort is to hit him with the bridle -or halter, and away the animal goes almost frantic with fear. To another -class it proves an amusement, certainly arising from a depraved nature, -as they like to see the animal jump; and to enjoy their sport they hurry -him over regardless of consequences—not thinking they are laying the -foundation of a very bad habit in the horse—that of being bad to catch -in the field. Let those who have been guilty in the past, after reading -this paragraph over, desist from pursuing such a course of conduct -toward horses, and ere long the time will come when there will be no need -to apply the remedy—elsewhere found—to educate the horse that is bad to -catch in the field. - - -_HIDE BOUND._ - -This condition of the skin is usually produced by any derangement of -system. Medicine of an alterative character is here indicated. The most -successful remedy is sulphur, pulverized, 8 oz.; nitrate of potassa, -pulverized, 3 oz.; black antimony, pulverized, 2 oz.; sulphate of iron, 4 -oz. Mix well together, and give one tablespoonful twice a day. - -Another good remedy: - -Take saltpetre, 4 oz.; crude antimony, 1 oz.; sulphur, 2 oz. Both the -saltpetre and antimony should be finely pulverized, then add the sulphur, -and mix well together. Dose: tablespoonful of the mixture in bran-mash -daily. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TAKE A HANDKERCHIEF FROM HIS SIDE._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TAKE A HANDKERCHIEF FROM HIS SIDE.] - -The reader must understand that it is necessary first to educate your -animal to obey the words “come here” and “whoa,” before he can be taught -tricks successfully. - -There must be great caution used in teaching the above trick. First -stand on the nigh-side and prick the animal lightly on the shoulder; he -will reach round and bite near where the punishment is inflicted. After -you have repeated this a few times, hold a handkerchief in hand with -the pin and he will soon catch hold of it with his teeth; as you use -the pin, say “Take it from the nigh-side.” Next prick him with a pin on -the off-shoulder, handkerchief accompanying, and say “Take it from the -off-side.” When you have given him five or six lessons, you may hold the -handkerchief on his side and touch him with your finger, repeating the -words above directed. The instructor must be cautious when using the pin -in educating, not to provoke so as to make the animal cross. - - -_DISTEMPER._ - -All catarrhal affections are classed by horse owners under the head of -distemper. Common catarrh, epidemic catarrh, laryngitis, bronchitis, -and all other diseases accompanied by nasal discharges, are regarded by -horsemen as one and the same. - -The following remedy is to cure distemper in its simple form, as we find -it in colts soon after the disease commences. If there is swelling under -the jaws, poultice the throat with flaxseed meal, or bread and milk. -Apply mustard and vinegar, and give internally one of the following -powders in feed: pulverized gentian, 2 ounces; sulph. copper, 1 oz.; -pulverized ginger, 6 drams; mix, and divide into 8 powders. - - -_TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO KISS A BOY._ - -[Illustration: TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO KISS A BOY.] - -This kind of education is not particularly beneficial to the horse owner, -but it illustrates clearly the idea foreshadowed in many parts of my -work: first, that the horse may be taught almost anything that is in his -power to do; second, that if you go rightly to work you may so gain his -confidence that he will cheerfully obey every reasonable command. - -_Direction._—Take a piece of apple, place it in your mouth and say to -your horse, “Kiss me.” He will approach you to take it; when he does -so caress him. After repeating this a few times, when you approach him -extend your mouth towards his and repeat the words “kiss me.” If he does -not respond, place a piece of apple in your mouth as before, and repeat -it until he shall obey without the use of the apple. - - -_BONE SPAVIN._ - -One-half pound of blood root; 1 quart of alcohol; 2 oz. tannin; ¼ lb. -alum. Mix and let stand. Shaking several times a day till the strength is -all in the alcohol, and bathe the spavin twice a day, rubbing with the -hand. - - -_FOR WINDGALLS._ - -Olive oil, 2 oz.; nitric acid, ¼ oz. Rub as much in every day, or every -second or third day, as will bear without starting the hair. - - -_FOR INFLAMED SWELLINGS OR LAMED SHOULDERS._ - -Equal parts oil amber, oil spike, gum camphor, and ether. Should be -shaken well before using, and well rubbed in with the hand. - - - - -EDUCATING DOGS. - -[Illustration: EDUCATING DOGS.] - - -_TO ROLL A BARREL._ - -Place, on the dog the Bonaparte bridle so that you may control him; then -put his fore-feet upon the barrel, standing in front of him with a piece -of meat extended towards him, and say, “Roll the barrel;” pull gently on -the cord, and if he should start the barrel don’t fail to caress him. -With two dogs, put one on the top of the barrel, and they will quickly -learn to roll it without being enticed by meat. - - -_TO FIRE A GUN._ - -Drill a hole in the back of a common chair; attach a piece of iron at the -lower part of the pistol, and place it in the chair as illustrated; tie a -string with a knot in the end, to the trigger; let it run through a ring -in the butt of the pistol, then tie a piece of meat to the end of the -string; now the dog will try to get the meat; in doing so he will fire it -off. Load the pistol with blank cartridges. A few lessons will educate -the animal so that at the order, “Make ready—present—fire!” he will obey. -Place his mate in front of the pistol in a sitting posture and stand -near him, and when the report is heard, teach him to lie down, which -you can easily do by at first pressing him down with your hand until he -will mind the word “dead.” Dogs are remarkably fond of being caressed, -and the reader should not neglect this important accompaniment to his -instructions. - -[Illustration: EDUCATION OF DOGS—CONTINUED] - - -_TO PASS BETWEEN YOUR LEGS._ - -Hold meat in your hand and pass it from one hand to the other between -your legs. Occasionally give the animal a small piece; you will thus -induce him after a little to obey the command “Pass through,” motioning -in the direction with your hand. - - -_TO JUMP THROUGH A HOOP._ - -At the first lesson procure a barrel hoop and elevate it, say six inches -from the ground, holding it in your hand, and with the other hold out -a piece of meat a short distance from the hoop, and say to your dog, -“Jump.” He will go for the meat; increase the height of the hoop a little -each time, and you will soon have taught him so that you may not only -reduce the hoop in size, but he will obey you without the use of meat. - - -_TO STAND ON CHAIRS._ - -Place two chairs back to back; then separate the chairs, say one foot -apart, and decoy your dog to mount on one chair; then hold a piece of -meat in your hand elevated above the chairs, and it will attempt to climb -for the meat; repeat this process a few times, and soon you will educate -the animal to rest its feet on the back of each chair; after which -you may increase the distance until you distend the body, as seen in -engraving, in accordance with your wishes. Continue until it will readily -obey you without the use of meat; often caress the animal, as by this -means you increase confidence and secure obedience. - - - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - - -_FOR CURING COLIC IN HORSES._ - -[Illustration: EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR COLIC.] - -_Symptoms._—Pawing, manifesting a desire to be down, and, without doing -so, commence pawing again. As the symptoms increase the animal cannot be -kept on his feet; he frequently falls as if shot; pulse not altered from -natural condition. Intervals of rest, together with the condition of the -pulse, distinguish the disease from inflammation of the bowels. Treat as -follows: - -Take a piece of woolen cloth, about one foot square, or its equivalent -in pieces, saturate the cloth thoroughly with mutton or beef tallow, -using from a quarter to a half pound, then roll up the cloth and it is -ready for use; next place a blanket over the head of the horse, as seen -in engraving; then set fire to the cloth, holding it under the horses -head with a shovel, and allowing him to inhale the smoke. Care should be -used so as not to strangle the horse. By strictly following the foregoing -treatment the efficacy of this remedy will be shown, as the animal will -be relieved in from fifteen to twenty minutes. - -Another remedy is: - -Frequent injections of soap and water; and give internally, spirits of -nitre, 10 drams; laudanum, 10 drams; water, ½ pint. Mix for drench. This -may be repeated in twenty minutes, if relief is not obtained. - -Another remedy, giving _instant_ relief: - -From 45 to 50 drops of chloroform, given on sugar, I have never known to -fail giving immediate relief. - -I have known men to be from home, and have their horses taken with this -disease, and use this remedy, and in thirty minutes the horses were able -to be driven. - - -_THE ONLY SAFE AND PRACTICAL WAY TO GIVE A HORSE MEDICINE._ - -[Illustration: THE ONLY PRACTICAL AND SAFE WAY TO GIVE MEDICINE.] - -Much difficulty is experienced in giving medicine to a horse, but those -who view and comprehend the foregoing illustration will see how easily -all difficulty may be removed. In administering the medicine while the -animal is standing, there is a constant liability to annoyance from the -danger of strangling, by holding the head too high, or of spilling the -medicine, in which cases the owner is foiled and the horse is left to -suffer. The idea as illustrated, of which I claim to be the originator, -though simple in itself is of great importance. - -_Directions._—If your horse is standing, use the directions previously -given to throw him; when down, turn his mouth upward and pull a little -on the cord used in throwing him, when he will open his mouth, and you -can give the medicine with a spoon without risk of spilling it; always -observing care not to allow it to enter the nostrils, by which a horse -may easily be strangled. Any person following these directions, will soon -appreciate the value of the method described. - - -_SPAVIN._ - -This being a valuable recipe, it is worth money to any man dealing in -horses. - -Euphorbium, 5 oz.; cantharides, fine, 2 oz., iodine, 1 oz., dissolved in -alcohol; red precipitate, ½ oz.; corrosive sublimate, 2 oz.; quicksilver, -½ oz.; hog’s lard, 6 oz.; white turpentine, 6 oz.; verdigris, ¼ lb. Melt -the lard and turpentine together, then, while hot, add the others, except -the quicksilver, which must be stirred in as it becomes cold. Mix well. -When cold it is fit for use. Rub it in well on the spavin every day for -three days, then wash clean with soap-suds, and omit for three days; then -repeat for three days, and so continue until a perfect cure is effected. -Should it blister, use more cautiously. - - -_TO TELL A HORSE’S AGE._ - -There is only one sure way of telling the age of a horse, and that is -by an examination of his teeth, and that only extends to a certain age, -although an experienced horseman can guess very nearly for some time -after that period. There are six teeth in the front part of a horse’s -mouth, above and below, called the gatherers, from which we may judge of -his age. When a colt is foaled, he generally has no teeth in the front -part of his mouth. In a few days, two come in the upper jaw, and two -below; and again, after a few days, four more appear, but the corner -teeth do not make their appearance until he is four or five months old; -these twelve teeth remain unchanged in the front of the colt’s mouth -until he is about two years old, when he sheds the two center nippers. - -At three years old, a colt sheds the adjoining teeth. At four years old, -the under or corner teeth. At five years old, the bridle tooth makes its -appearance. At six years old, the cups leave the two center teeth below. -At seven years old, the cups leave the adjoining teeth. At eight years -old, the cups leave the outer or corner teeth. At nine years old, the -cups leave the two center nippers, above. At ten years old, the cups -leave the adjoining teeth. At eleven years old, the cups leave the corner -upper teeth. At twelve years, or past, the groove on inside of the bridle -tooth disappears in a horse. Mares very seldom have them. - - -_NEW METHOD TO TELL THE AGE._ - -(See engraving of horse’s teeth from the age of 7 to 18 years. Always -look for the cups in the upper teeth.) - -[Illustration: 18 Years. - -16 Years. - -14 Years. - -7 Years. - -8 Years. - -9 Years. - -10 Years. - -11 Years. - -12 Years.] - - 7 years. The cups in center of teeth are large. - 8 years. A trifle smaller. - 9 years. Still smaller. - 11 years. Smaller. - 12 years. Cups in center of teeth are smaller and nearly round. - 14 years. The teeth are round and cups have nearly disappeared. - 16 years. Are a mere speck in the teeth; scarcely discernible. - 18 years. The cups have worn away, and the teeth are round. - - - - -TRAINING STEERS. - - -Drive your steer in a small yard, fenced so that he cannot escape. Then -approach him gently, and if he runs, do not run after him, but follow -slowly and quietly. Should he again run from you, do not strike him with -the whip, or in any way frighten him, he will soon stand and permit you -to approach him. Place then around his body a surcingle or strap, near -the fore-legs. Take a hame-strap and buckle around the near fore-foot; -take a cord or rope, and pass it through under the surcingle, and tie to -the strap which is around the foot. The cord should be twenty or thirty -feet long, to permit him to run about you in the yard, without your -pulling on it. Draw up on the rope to force him to move on three legs; -approach him gently, till he will permit you to handle him as you please. -Then hold up the near fore-foot by the cord, with your left hand, and -holding the whip in your right, pass it over his shoulder, and quietly -touch him on the off-side of his head, and at the same time say, “Haw!” -continue thus till he moves his head towards you, for which caress him -about the head and neck; repeat this till he will “haw,” at the word, -towards you. Should he attempt to run from you, pull on the strap, say -“Haw,” at the same time touch him on the head with the whip. He will soon -learn to stop at the word of command, in, this way, and turn towards you -readily. Then take off the rig and turn him loose. Then proceed with the -mate in the same way, when you can turn it out, and by this time the -other steer will be ready to receive another lesson. Drive it in the -same yard, and repeat the lesson with a whip. Quietly touch on the near -side of the head, and at the same time say, “Gee!” until he will move -around from you. Then caress him, till he will “gee” or “haw” readily. Go -through the same lesson with the other. That is all you should try to do -with them in four hours’ time. Take both together in the yard; repeat -this lesson till both understand what you desire of them. Take one of -them near the wall; stand by his side; hit him gently on the head, at the -same time say “Back!” till he will step back; then caress him. Repeat, -till he will go back readily at the word. Give each the same lesson. This -manner of training steers will make them always do your bidding. When -convenient, repeat the above lessons, with both together. Then put on -the yoke, and let them go. One hour, at first, is long enough to become -accustomed to the restraint of the yoke. Repeat this in the yard. - -If the steers should ever run from you, which often occurs in an ordinary -method of training, buckle a hame-strap around the foot, bring it up -through the surcingle back to the sled or wagon, between the steers. Let -the man pull on the cord if they attempt to run away; this will pull up -their feet; whip them over the head, which will stop them and break up -the habit. - - - - -TREATISE ON HORSESHOEING. - - -The main object should be to have the shoe so formed as to size, weight, -fitting, and fastening, as to combine the most advantages of protection, -and preserve the natural tread of the foot the best. In weight, it should -be proportioned to the work or employment of the horse. The foot should -not be loaded with more iron than is necessary to preserve it. If the -work of the horse is principally on the road, at heavy draught, the shoe -should be rather heavy, in order that it may not be bent by contact with -hard, uneven earth; it should be wide in the web, and of equal thickness -and width from the toe to the heel, that it may as much as possible -protect the sole, without altering the natural position of the foot; -it should be well drawn in at the heels, that it may rest on the bars, -thereby protecting the corn place, or angles between the bar and crust, -and should in no part extend beyond the outer edge of the crust. - -It is too often the case that the shoe is made according to the smith’s -notions of what the form of the horse’s foot should be, and the foot is -pared, burned, and rasped until it fits the shoe. Now, it should always -be borne in mind that the shoe is intended for the foot, and not the foot -for the shoe, and that it is therefore peculiarly proper to make the shoe -fit the natural form of the foot. It is impossible to have the foot of a -horse sound and safe, for work and use, after bringing it to an unnatural -figure, by the use of the knife and rasp. The foot of the horse being -elastic, it expands to the weight of the horse, in precisely the same -degree, whether resting upon the most open or the most contracted shoe. -Therefore, the shape of the shoe cannot possibly affect the shape of the -foot. The form of the foot is determined by the situation of the nails -If the nails are placed so that the inside quarters and heels are left -free to expand in a natural manner, no shape which we can give to the -shoe can of itself change the form of the foot. It must not be inferred, -however, from this that the shape of the shoe is of no importance; quite -the contrary being the case, as I have already shown. In forming the -shoe, we should always adopt that which produces the greatest number of -advantages with the fewest disadvantages. - -We find that the sole-surface of the foot is by nature concave in form, -which seems to offer the greatest fulcrum of resistance to the horse when -traveling. It is important to preserve the natural mechanical action of -the horn and sole; therefore the ground surface of the foot, that is to -say, the ground surface of the shoe, should be leveled cup fashion; its -outer edge being prominent, corresponds to the lower and outer rim of the -hoof; while the shoe being hollow, resembles the natural cavity of the -sole of the foot. The ground surface of the shoe should always be concave. - -The pattern that nature has presented us in making the sole concave, -cannot be improved upon by the smith, with all his skill. The expansion -of the heels, and growth of the foot, require that the shoe should be -long enough, and wide enough at the heels, to allow for the natural -growth of the foot in the time it is calculated the shoe should be on -before being reset; for as the foot enlarges, the shoe is brought forward -until it loses its original proportion, and becomes too short and narrow. -The shoe may be about a quarter of an inch wider and longer than the -extreme bearing of the heels; and the nail-holes should be punched coarse -and in the center of the web. The manner of fastening the shoe is what -really affects the foot, and what requires the most special attention in -shoeing; for the foot, being elastic, expands in the same proportion on -the rough as on the nicely-fitted shoe. It is the number and position of -the nails that really affect the foot. If they are placed well back in -the quarters, four on a side, as is common, the crust is held as firmly -to this unyielding shoe as if in a vice, which utterly prevents the free -action necessary to its health. Inflammation is produced, which causes -contraction and the consequent, derangement of the whole foot. If the -free natural expansion of the foot, and the spreading of the quarters -in proportion to the growth of the hoof is prevented by the nailing -of the shoe, irritation of the fleshy substance between the crust and -coffin-bone will result, and ultimately create so much diseased action -of the parts as to cause contraction and navicular disease. Shoes may -be fastened without causing such mischief, if the following method of -nailing is observed. - -In experimenting, for the purpose of ascertaining how few nails are -absolutely necessary, under ordinary circumstances, for retaining the -shoe securely in its place as long as it should remain upon the foot, it -has been satisfactorily established that five nails are amply sufficient -for the fore shoes, and seven for the hind ones, three should be placed -on the outside of the foot, and two on the inner side, near the toe, -thereby leaving the foot free to expand in a natural manner. The nails -should not be driven high up in the crust, but brought out as soon as -possible. Another mistake with most smiths is in rasping the clinches -away too fine; they should be turned broad and flat. It is also a custom -with some to rasp and sand-paper the whole surface of the hoof, for -the purpose of making it look nice and smooth. Such a practice should -never be tolerated; the covering thus removed is provided by nature to -protect the too rapid evaporation of the moisture of the hoof, and when -taken away, causes the horn to become dry and brittle. It has so long -been customary to use as many nails as could be conveniently driven, in -fact, of fastening the shoe as if it were to a lifeless block of wood, -that the fear is very commonly entertained that the shoe will not be -held in its place with so few nails. Such fears are utterly groundless, -as both theory and practice demonstrate. If the presence of a nail in -the crust were a matter of no moment, and two or three more than are -really necessary were merely useless, no great reason would exist for -condemning the common practice of using too many nails, but it is far -otherwise; the nails, aside from confining the natural expansion of the -hoof, separate the fibres of the horn, which never, by any chance, become -united again, but continue apart and unclosed, until, by degrees, they -grow down with the rest of the hoof, and are finally, after repeated -shoeing, removed by the knife. - -As these holes cannot possibly grow down and be removed under three -shoeings, it will be found, even with a small number of nails, that -three times that number of holes must exist in the hoof all the while; -and as they are often, from various causes, extended into each other, -they necessarily keep it in a brittle, unhealthy state, and materially -interfere with the future nail-hold. As the position of the hind-foot, -and the nature of its office, render it less liable to injury than the -fore-foot, consequently, it less frequently lames; however, disease of -the navicular bone of this foot is by no means impossible. The same care -should be taken as with the fore-foot. Calks, although they may be -turned down of perfectly even length on each side (which is seldom done), -are objectionable appendages, and should be dispensed with, except, -perhaps, for very heavy draughts, or when the roads are frozen or covered -with ice. - - -_TO PREVENT HORSES INTERFERING._ - -[Illustration: INTERFERING AND OVERREACHING. - -_Fig. 1._ _Fig. 2._ _Fig. 3._] - -Nature has provided a proper hoof for the horse, but sometimes it is -round and flat and the animal will strike itself with the crust when not -shod; the natural tendency being to travel very close, especially with -the hind-feet. - -Well-informed minds, together with the mechanical skill of many -blacksmiths, have been brought to bear upon this topic, and after years -of experience and research they have been unable to remedy this evil. As -such I term it, because horses have suffered much, and become depreciated -in value because of being addicted to the annoying habit of interfering. - -I here propose to give a sure and certain remedy that has never been -known to fail. The preparation of the hoof is by no means as important -as that of the shoe; yet, should the animal interfere very badly, it may -be better to leave the outside a trifle the lowest; however, the smith -ought to be governed by circumstances, not as to the shoe, but to paring -the hoof. All that can be removed from the inside without putting the -hoof out of shape ought to be done. Also pare the hoof at the toe instead -of the heel, simply rasping it so as to form a level surface. Prepare -the shoe carefully in accordance with the following directions, and as -illustrated on foregoing engraving, Fig. 1: - -Make the inside twice the width and twice the thickness that you do the -outside, gradually tapering the width and thickness from the toe-calk. -Make the heel-calk on the inside or heavy part of the shoe, about an inch -long, and lengthwise from heel to toe, and incline it a little inward to -the frog of the foot. Don’t allow your shoes to remain on longer than -four weeks at most, and use as small nails as possible. - - -_OVERREACHING._ - -Young horses are more subject to overreaching than old ones. It very -frequently disappears as the speed of the animal is increased. At a -moderate gait, the front feet do not always get out of the way in time -for the hind ones, as they are brought forward. Sometimes the heels -are cut or badly bruised, and occasionally the shoes are torn from the -fore-feet. - -_Remedy._—Have the front shoes made nearly twice the weight of the hind -shoes. Lower the toe-calk on the fore shoe and increase the ordinary -length of the calk on the hind shoe, and do not make the fore shoe to -project more than half an inch beyond the heel. If the horse should -have a good square heel, don’t allow the shoe to project any. Observe -to instruct the smith to pare the toe or forward part of the fore-foot, -and _not the heel_, simply rasping it to form a level surface. See -illustration of shoes, Figs. 2 and 3. - -SURE METHOD OF PRODUCING A RAPID GROWTH IN HORSES’ HOOFS.—Wash the hoof -and apply common soft soap inside and out, twice a day, avoiding to rub -any on the frog of the foot. Care should be used so as not to allow the -soap to remain on the hair near the hoof. By putting a mark near the -hair, the operator will be better able to judge the rapid growth. While -using the above, should the hoof get soft, apply salt, which will quickly -harden. I have grown an entirely new hoof on a horse in six weeks, by -following the above direction. - - - - -AN EXPOSITION OF THE DUNBAR SYSTEM OF HORSESHOEING, AND TREATMENT OF THE -HORSE’S FOOT. - -_As taught to the Farriers of the United States Army by ALEXANDER DUNBAR, -under the authority of the Joint Resolution of Congress, and for which -Dunbar received twenty-five thousand dollars. Highly recommended to the -U. S. Army by Robert Banner and George Wilkes._ - - -_INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING AND DRIVING THE SHOE._ - -The first thing to be done is to carefully examine the horse’s feet all -around, to see that they are of a natural shape, taking care to abstain -from any action that will tend to excite the horse. - -The shoes should be removed one at a time, and the nails carefully drawn -after the clinches are cut, one at a time; anything like tearing off the -shoe by main force should by all means be avoided. - -The shoe being removed, the rasp should then be used on the edge of the -foot where the shoe has been, removing all dirt and gravel which may have -accumulated there, and thus prevent injury to the shoeing knife. - -If the foot is healthy and of a natural shape, and has been shod -regularly, no alteration is required, but simply to pare out the sole of -the foot, removing the bors entirely, and opening out the heels back. The -surface of the frog should be trimmed off a very little, but the sides -should never be cut. - -By reference to Plate No. 12 the exact idea of the system of paring -the foot may be gained. It has been practiced successfully, and is -recommended for the simple reason that by the system of removing the bors -and opening out the heels, contraction is prevented, and the frog retains -its natural shape, because all pressure is removed from each side. - -The foot should not be scooped out so as to leave the wall projecting -without any support; for the wall of the hoof is the base upon which the -horse travels, and this should be supported by a sufficiency of the sole -as a “ground surface.” The shoes should be removed and the feet prepared -one at a time. - -In fitting a shoe to the foot, after it has been thoroughly prepared, the -farrier should take hold of the foot and see that the shoe is perfectly -easy on the heels, and that he has sufficient room all around in the -manner illustrated on Plate No. 11. If the shoe is found to fit well -everywhere, he will take the foot between his knees, and placing the -shoe properly, drive the nails with great care, so that the shoe cannot -get out of its proper place. When the nails are started he should hammer -them home lightly, or according to the foot he is working on. The three -nails on the inside and outside, toward the toe, should always be driven -a little tighter than the heel nails, so as to prevent pressure on the -heels. No man should be in a hurry in shoeing a horse, but should always -be careful in fitting and driving the shoe as instructed. - -A shoe should never be fitted tightly, unless the coffin-bone has too -much play; then it should be fitted tight around the toe and each -quarter, as far as the nail-holes extend back, in order to contract the -foot, and bring the coffin-bone to its proper place. Such cases are, -however, very rare. - -The heels of the shoe should never be allowed to curve inward toward the -frog, and the foot should be prepared so as to prevent any pressure from -the shoe on the heel, in the manner shown by Plate No. 14, at the same -time allowing the bearing of the shoe to be perfectly equal. - -If the horse has a long foot it should be shortened on the toe as much -as possible—the more the better—for the hoof grows out more quickly -at the toe; and it is necessary, because in a case of this kind the -coffin-bone is necessarily out of its proper position, and the operation -of shortening the toe must be continued until it resumes its natural -shape; but a close operation, and working the horse at the same time, is -not recommended, because the foot can be brought to its proper shape by -cutting gradually in time. - -After the cutting has been performed, a shoe should be fitted so as to -have the pressure on each quarter, and with heels, if the horse’s heels -are naturally low, in order to prevent a sudden change. - -A horse should be re-shod at least once a month. - -PLATE NO. 3—_Paring out the Foot._—By reference to this plate it will be -seen what a difference there exists between the system recommended and -practiced by Mr. Dunbar, and the old style practiced and recommended by -all authorities on the subject heretofore. - -[Illustration: No. 3. PARING THE FOOT. - -_a_ New Style. _b_ Old Style.] - -The bors should be _cut away entirely_, removing the pressure from the -frog, and cutting out the heel. By this system of paring the foot a -ground surface will always be left, commencing at the heel and expanding -gradually, as illustrated by the plates “A” to “C;” the sides of the -frog should never be cut, but the top should be cut down sufficiently to -allow it to be clear of the ground after the shoe is fitted. The cleft of -the frog should always be cleaned out thoroughly every time the shoe is -renewed. - -PLATES NOS. 4. AND 5—_Long Feet before and after Cutting._—A horse with -a long foot, as will be easily seen, will suffer from an undue pressure -on the heels (see article on Corns), causing corns, and in addition to -that, if the foot is not shortened in time, it will cause the coffin-bone -to lose its proper shape, but this can be remedied by shortening the toe -every time the horse is shod, thus keeping the foot in its proper shape. - -[Illustration: No. 4. LONG FOOT—BEFORE TREATMENT.] - -[Illustration: No. 5. LONG FOOT—AFTER TREATMENT.] - -The common practice of fitting a shoe tight on the heels, to prevent -interfering, is entirely wrong; an interfering horse does not strike -with his heel, but with the inner side of the toe, not further back than -the heel-nails, both hind and forward. To prevent this, the shoe should -be fitted wider on the _inner_ than on the _outer_ heel. A horse that -interferes should be carefully examined by the farrier before shoeing, -who will notice particularly the shape of his feet. If the animal stands -_inward_ and interferes, the _outside_ quarter should be cut down, and -thus throw the foot level; and if he stands outward and interferes, the -_inside_ quarter should be cut down for the same reason. After this a -shoe should be fitted with no nails on the inner quarter, which -should be _thickest_. - -To prevent a horse traveling pigeon-toed is simply to pare off the inner -quarter of the toe, and have the shoe fitted as above. By this operation -the bearing will be level. This will apply also to a horse for light -riding, and for a horse traveling between the shafts; but for the latter -a good block heel on the outer, and a small one on the inner quarter of -the shoe should be made; the toe also to be made thick in proportion, to -make the bearing level. - -[Illustration: No. 10. COFFIN-BONE. - -Fig. 1. - - _a_ Upper pastern. - _b_ Lower pastern. - _c_ Navicular bone. - _d_ Coffin-bone. - -Fig. 2. - - _a_ Upper pastern. - _b_ Lower pastern. - _c_ Navicular bone. - _d_ Coffin-bone, with the horny laminæ.] - -PLATE NO. 10 is a representation of a perfectly healthy coffin-bone, with -the upper and lower pastern and navicular bones front, and reverse sides. -The system recommended by the author is intended to prevent any pressure -whatever on the wings of the coffin-bone. Anything that prevents the -perfectly free action of the coffin-bone will cause “navicular disease,” -and “ossified cartilages.” After a foot is pared, as recommended in this, -so as to be easily expanded, the wings of the coffin-bone, which are the -widest part, should be protected by a wide shoe, and there should be no -pressure whatever on the heels. - -[Illustration: No. 11. FITTING A SHOE TO REMOVE PRESSURE FROM THE HEEL.] - -[Illustration: No. 12. CONTRACTED. NATURAL. - -No. 13. OLD STYLE PARING OUT THE FOOT. NEW STYLE.] - -[Illustration: No. 14. CONTRACTED FOOT AFTER TREATMENT.] - - -_CORNS._ - -The pressure of the bor on one side of the seat of the disease, and of -the horny substance of a contracted heel on the other side, added to -a tight shoe, causes inflammation, which, when it becomes chronic, is -styled a _corn_. - -A corn may be detected by paring the foot close. It is not necessary, as -recommended by some authorities, to use pincers, squeezing the hoof all -around to find the corn, thereby giving the horse unnecessary pain. They -are to be found only in the heel, and do not result from bruises, but -from pressure. - -_Treatment._—The shoe having been removed, the inside of the hoof should -be pared out thoroughly all around, and if a long hoof, it should be -shortened. If the corn is visible, the heel should be pared down and the -bors weakened, opening the heel as far back as possible (see Plate No. -11), and fitting an open shoe, so as to throw the pressure off the heel. -The pressure having been removed, the corn will disappear, or grow down -in the quarter, in which case the farrier should fit a bor shoe, so as -to throw the weight off the diseased heel and partly on the frog, the -elastic surface of which will prevent severe pressure. - -If a horse has a long foot, the pressure is more on the corns, because -his foot is in front of him, and an over-proportion of his weight comes -on his heels. A horse with a long foot is like a man with a thick sole to -his boot and no heels, for with his heels he strikes the ground first. - -Every horse should have his feet well _under_ him, and not in _front_ of -him. This fact should be taken into consideration when fitting the open -shoe. - -Inflammation should be reduced by placing a swab over the coronet, and -using a hot poultice of linseed meal for the foot. - -[Illustration: No. 15. EXPANDING THE FOOT AFTER IT HAS BEEN PARED OUT.] - -[Illustration: No. 16. LATERAL QUARTER-CRACK BEFORE TREATMENT. CONTRACTED -FOOT.] - -[Illustration: No. 17. QUARTER-CRACK—LATERAL—UNDER TREATMENT.] - -[Illustration: No. 18. STRAIGHT QUARTER-CRACK UNDER TREATMENT.] - -The pressure having been removed from a corn for a fortnight, it will be -observed to have a light color, representing the color of a new corn, and -if properly treated, it will gradually disappear, and be displaced by a -healthy growth of foot. - -The horse should be allowed at least a month in which to recover from -his lameness; but it is not necessary to turn him out to grass, and care -should be taken that his feet are closely attended to, having the shoes -renewed about once in a fortnight. - -_Contraction_ is the result of neglect, want of natural moisture, and -tight shoeing. The result is lameness, if in one foot, and if in both -feet, the loss of their free, natural use, causing short steps and -stumbling. If the inner quarter is contracted, it is the cause, if not -soon remedied, of quarter-crack. The practice of fitting a shoe so as to -fit tighter on the inner than the outer quarter, to prevent interfering, -renders it more liable to contraction. - -The want of proper moisture causes the horn to shrink, and prevents the -foot from expanding naturally. This should be remedied by soaking the -feet, if feverish, in warm, and if healthy, in cold water, twice a day, -an hour at each time. This moisture should be applied at least two hours -before the horse is used. This will render the foot elastic, and prevent -abuse from traveling over rough roads. - -By reference to accompanying plate, No. 12, the difference will be -observed between a natural and a contracted foot. The quarters growing -toward each other in the contracted, cause the coffin-bone to lose its -proper shape, and forcing the sensitive frog upwards from its proper -place, causes scratches and thrush. - -Treatment of contraction, briefly speaking, is _expansion_. The foot -should be thoroughly prepared in the following manner: If the horse is -lame, the farrier should shorten the toe, lower the foot all around, and -open the heels back until the blood is drawn. The sole of the foot should -be pared as closely as possible on each side of the frog, in the manner -shown by the illustration on Plate No. 12, “natural foot.” The frog -should be lowered, but the side should _not_ be cut. A groove should be -made with a rasp just under and parallel with the coronet on each side -(see Plate No. 14) deep enough to draw blood, then with a fine shoeing -knife, cut little notches down from the cornet and across the groove at -certain equal distances, as shown by illustration No. 14, the entire -length of the groove. These notches should also be deep enough to draw -blood. This will relieve the pressure caused by contraction from the -cartilages on both sides, and allow them to resume their proper shape. - -[Illustration: No. 19. QUARTER-CRACK, AFTER TREATMENT.] - -[Illustration: No. 20. TOE-CRACK, BEFORE TREATMENT.] - -Having the foot ready for a shoe, a hand should be placed on each side -of the foot, pressing it outward in the manner shown by Plate No, 15. -The shoe must be very carefully fitted, and must have eight nail-holes, -for the reason that it is the heel nails that relieve a horse while in -contraction. - -The shoe should be fitted so as to project at least a quarter of an inch -on each side of the foot, so as to see the nail-holes projecting on -each side of the outer and inner quarter. Having this accomplished, the -bearing should be equal; the nails must be driven first toward the toe, -then toward the heel, driving them half-way, and using the utmost care -and skill; the higher the nails are driven the better. The shoe being -fitted so wide, there is no fear of pricking. - -The nails toward the heel should be driven by alternate taps on each -side, because the foot expands on each side on account of being pared so -thin on either side of the frog, the source of the expansion. - -The heel nails should relieve the wings of the coffin-bone, which suffer -most while in a state of contraction, and allow them to come back to -their proper position. - -Considerable soreness will result from this mode of treatment, which can -be remedied by using thin poultices of linseed meal, applied as hot as -possible, to be renewed at least once every two days for the period of -two weeks. The foot should also be thoroughly soaked in a bucket of warm -water for half an hour at each renewal of the poultice; this will remove -all soreness, and prevent the foot from shrinking when exposed to the -weather. The _expansion_ treatment should be continued gradually until -the coffin-bone resumes its natural shape; when this is accomplished, the -growing hoof will naturally accommodate itself to the bone. - -The severe treatment recommended is necessary only in an aggravated -case causing lameness. It can be so modified by cutting the hoof, and -expanding the foot gradually, as to allow the horse to be used while -under treatment, if he has not been disabled. - - -_QUARTER AND TOE-CRACKS._ - -Quarter-cracks are commonly found in feet of saddle horses, and are -caused by contraction and pressure, and are also the result of a shoe -being fitted tightly on the inner quarter, to prevent interfering, as -stated in remarks on “Contraction.” - -Most commonly found on the inner quarter; it commences at the coronet, -extending downward, and when it extends through to the laminæ causes -lameness, and is especially serious if the foot is contracted, as shown -by Plate No. 16. - -There are two kinds of quarter-cracks, as shown by plates Nos. 17 and -18—the _lateral_ and the _straight_ the latter being the most serious, if -the separation commences at the coronet. - -_Treatment._—If the foot is inclined to contract, it should be prepared -as for contraction; shorten the toe and expand the foot, under the -directions already given. If lameness has resulted, a bor shoe should -be fitted, so as to remove all pressure from half an inch on each side -of the crack, then with a rasp cut a groove under and parallel with the -coronet, extending about half an inch on each side of the crack; with a -shoeing knife cut some small notches on each side of the groove, after -which the edges of the crack may be cut away. (See Plates Nos. 17 and -18.) If the foot bleeds freely so much the better. After this is done -a firing-iron should be applied so as to cauterize the crack. This -operation having been performed, the foot should be dressed with tar -every morning for about three weeks. The pressure being removed, the new -growth will commence at the coronet, and extend downward, as shown in -Plate No. 19, until a permanent cure is effected. - -[Illustration: No. 21. TOE-CRACK, AFTER TREATMENT. - -Explaining use of “Expansion Plate.”] - -[Illustration: No. 22. THRUSH. - -Before Treatment. After Treatment. - -No. 23. PUMICE FOOT. - -Before Treatment. After Treatment.] - -[Illustration: No. 24. HOOF-BOUND—UNDER TREATMENT.] - -Toe-crack, more common to heavy and draught horses, is caused by want of -room; the space inside the wall of the foot not being large enough to -accommodate the laminæ, it causes inflammation, and breaks out at the -weakest point, which is the coronet, and extends downward to the toe, -causing the foot to assume the appearance of a cloven foot. (See Plate -No. 20.) - -_Treatment._—Shorten the toe as much as possible, and then pare the sole -of the foot until it will yield to the pressure of the thumb. No pressure -should be allowed within half an inch on each side of the crack on the -toe, for the reason that the pressure on the toe prevents the coronet -from uniting. Having prepared the sole of the foot, a fine shoeing knife -should be used to remove the horn that is inclined to grow inward on each -side of the crack, after which a groove under the coronet, extending on -each side of the crack, will be made, and the notches on each side of the -groove as already directed. A firing-iron should be applied to cauterize -the crack from the coronet downward. Then the crack should be cut away -in the center, so as to allow the use of an “expansion plate,” as shown -in Plate No. 21. This expansion plate can be made of brass or steel. It -is composed of four pieces, as follows: A plate divided in the center -into two equal parts, A and B (see Plate No. 21), and a thread cut in the -center. Each part is made so as to fit dove-tailed into the crack, held -in place with a screw C, and a burr D, underneath, to prevent the screw -from pressing the laminæ of the foot. The screw, which has considerable -power as a lever, forces the two plates apart, lifts up the wall of the -foot which is pressing each side of the crack, and presses it outward. -This being done, an open shoe should be fitted, wider than the foot, so -as to expand it, which, together with the notches cut in the groove under -the coronet, will cause a new and strong growth from each side of the -crack, commencing at the coronet and extending downward. - -The length of time required to effect a removal of the crack depends on -the treatment and skill of the operator. If the foot is expanded by the -plate with skill, and the nails in the shoe driven so as to prevent the -wall of the foot from closing in on the crack, the plate may be removed -at once; otherwise it should remain stationary, which can be done by -substituting the small screw E, which will not prevent the horse from -being used while under treatment. The use of the expansion plate is not -necessary, unless the crack extends the whole length of the hoof. The -crack extending from the coronet, partly down the front of the foot, -should be treated at once, removing pressure by shortening the toe and -expanding the foot, as already instructed; then, by means of the groove -and notches, promote a new growth at the coronet. - - -_THRUSH._ - -Is a disease of the frog, most common to a foot which is hoof-bound -or contracted, but all horses’ feet are subject to it when they are -neglected. The frog, pressed on each side by the bors of the foot, and -from the overgrowth of the hoof, becomes inflamed, and the result is -_thrush_. (See Plate No. 22.) - -[Illustration: No. 25. OVERGROWTH OF HOOF AND NEGLECT. - -After Treatment. Ground Surface before Treatment.] - -_Treatment if the Hoof is Hoof-bound._—The farrier, after removing the -shoe, should use his rasp, and lower the wall of the foot all around -from heel to heel; then, by the free use of the knife, pare the foot to -its natural size. Also pare around the frog until the sole of the foot -yields to the pressure of the thumb, then open the heels and remove the -pegs that grow on each side of the heels. All this should be done before -a knife is used on the frog. After all pressure is removed by this paring -operation, the condition of the frog will show how it was affected by -pressure on each side. - -[Illustration: No. 26. OVERGROWTH OF HOOF—FRONT VIEW BEFORE TREATMENT.] - -[Illustration: No. 27. OVERGROWTH OF HOOF—FRONT VIEW AFTER TREATMENT.] - -[Illustration: No. 28. NAVICULA.—ENLARGEMENT OF METACARPAL BONE.] - -Next, by the use of the knife, cut a slice off the top of the frog, and -carefully clean out the cleft, which suffers most on account of the -direct pressure of the bors on each side of the frog. After this cleaning -operation is performed, a warm poultice of flaxseed meal should be -applied two or three times, according to the condition of the foot. When -the poultice is removed, the foot should be washed out occasionally with -castile soap and warm water, after which a little salt, ground into fine -powder, should be forced into the cleft, and kept in by a mixture of tar -and oakum as a dressing, after which an open shoe should be fitted so as -to expand the foot gradually. This treatment should be pursued until a -permanent cure is effected. - -If the foot is in a state of contraction, it should be expanded under the -instructions already given. By this expansion all pressure is removed, -and a permanent cure is easily effected by following the instructions -already given. - -No liquid remedies, such as butter of antimony, or chloride of zinc, -should be used, as they dry up the foot before the inflammation is -removed. - -By reference to Plate No. 22 a good idea may be obtained of the manner of -paring out a hoof suffering from thrush. - - -_PUMICE FOOT._ - -(See Plate No. 23) should always be pared out on each side of the frog -until it yields to the pressure of the thumb. This paring should, -however, be done immediately around the frog, leaving more than the usual -ground surface (see plate After Treatment). The toe should be shortened -as much as possible, and the heels cut out back. If the horse is lame a -bor shoe is the best to protect the foot, with a leather sole, and some -spirits of tar as a moisture. This shoe should be renewed at least once a -month, with a leather sole, until a cure is effected. - - -_HOOF-BOUND._ - -(Plate No. 24.) A horse that is hoof-bound is deprived of his free -action, and resembles a horse that is foundered. - -_Treatment._—The foot should be pared out thoroughly, and on each side of -the frog, until it yields to the pressure of the thumb. Open the heels -and remove the bors that press the frog on each side, and cause the -animal much pain. - -The toe should be shortened, and if the foot is inclined to contraction, -the shoe should be fitted wider than the foot, which, if done properly, -will expand the foot (see article Contraction). The shoe should be a -good, heavy, open one, well eased off at the heels. Having the foot -prepared, the operation should next be performed around the coronet, as -follows: If the cartilages are hard, as they are generally from being -pressed upwards, a groove should be made with a rasp immediately under -the coronet, and extending all the way across from heel to heel, deep -enough to draw blood. Next, with a fine knife cut notches across the -groove at equal distances the whole length of the groove, and extending -from the coronet downward. - -By this operation, illustrated on Plate No. 24, the pressure is removed -from the cartilages. After this a poultice of linseed meal should be -applied around the coronet, which loosens all pressure and starts a new -growth. - -If the horse is lame from this disease the close cutting operation should -be performed and the poultice applied one week; otherwise the operation -need not be so severe. - -PLATES NOS. 25, 26, 27—_Illustrations of Overgrowth of Hoof and Neglect -before and after Treatment._—The illustration, “Before Treatment,” Plate -No, 25, represents the ground surface of a foot operated upon, and “After -Treatment” represents the same foot after one pound of overgrowth had -been removed from one foot. Plates Nos. 26 and 27 show the difference -between the foot before and after treatment, and show the importance of -being careful in observing a horse’s foot so as to prevent lameness, and -the various diseases caused by neglect. - -PLATES NOS. 28 AND 29—_Enlargement of the Metacarpal Bone._—In a great -many cases because the enlargement interferes with the free use of the -flexor tendon, pressing it out of its proper place. A horse with a -contracted foot suffers from this pressure when the shoe is fitted tight -and brings the heels inward. The metacarpal bones extend from the back -of the knee downward to the pastern joint, forming, as it were, a brace -on each side. They become quite small as they extend downward, and the -enlargement is generally found on the inside of the leg. (See Plate No. -28.) - -[Illustration: No. 29. ENLARGEMENT OF THE METACARPAL BONE. - -_a_ Showing how to find the enlargement. - -_b_ Showing the manner in which the incision is made, and the enlargement -removed.] - -The enlargement may be discovered by running the hand downward from the -knee, the thumb on the side and the forefinger on the other, until -it is felt (see Plate 29, “A”). If pressed and the horse yields to -the pressure, it is a sure sign that he is affected, and he should be -properly shod at once as if for contraction, or the enlargement should -be removed. To do this, the horse should be in the following position: -First, with plenty of straw under him to prevent bruising; then he should -be thrown on his side and fastened down, so as to allow the operator to -make an incision with a fine pocket knife partly to the front and near -where the enlargement is. This operation will not interfere with the -tendons, or veins that extend upward from the foot. The incision having -been made, the finger may be inserted, as shown in Plate No. 29, “B,” -so as to raise the enlargement and make it visible. Then, with a pair -of nippers, snap the end off with one motion. The incision should be -closed, fastened together with a needle and silk thread; then apply a -linen bandage and over this a woolen cloth, containing a little moisture, -to prevent fever. A little sweet oil should be applied, to keep it clean -while healing. The operation is not severe and is thoroughly effective. - -[Illustration: No. 30. A FOOT THAT IS DEPRIVED OF THE FREE USE OF THE -BACK TENDONS.] - -PLATES NOS. 30 AND 31 represent a foot which has been deprived of the -free use of the back tendons, caused by a sudden jar or misstep, causing -a horse so affected to travel on his toe, and can be remedied only by -a system of expanding the foot under the directions already given for -contraction. - -[Illustration: No. 31. - -Ossified growth of Upper and Lower Pastern Joint, also Navicular Joint -and Coffin-bone, in a foot which has been deprived of the free use of the -back Tendons. See Plate No. 30.] - -After this a shoe should be fitted with a toe and no heels, for by -raising the toe the bearing is thrown on the heels. If the action is -heavy on the toe, the shoe should be provided with a steel toe-calk. -This will prevent a horse from traveling on his toe, and such a case, -if taken in time, can be remedied, if not permanently cured, by simply -fitting a shoe so as to throw the bearing on the heels. - -[Illustration: No. 32. THE SENSITIVE FROG. - -Interior surface. Exterior surface.] - -PLATES NOS. 30 AND 31 represent an aggravated case, which from neglect -became incurable. - -PLATE NO. 32 represents the exterior surface of the sensitive frog. The -great principle of this system of paring the horse’s feet, is to remove -all pressure from the frog. It should be protected from all pressure, -and such diseases as thrush and scratches may be avoided. - -PLATE NO. 33 gives a sectional view of all the bones and tendons of the -horse’s foot. Every blacksmith and farrier should thoroughly understand -this and the anatomy of the horse’s foot, in order to be able to know -exactly how to treat any disease which may be brought to their notice. - -[Illustration: No. 33. SECTION OF THE PASTERN AND OTHER BONES, LIGAMENTS, -ETC. - - A—Shank-bone. - - B—Upper and larger pastern-bone. - - C—Sesamoid-bone. - - D—Lower or smaller pastern-bone. - - E—Navicular or shuttle-bone. - - F—Coffin-bone, or bone of the foot. - - G—Suspensory ligament inserted into the sesamoid-bone. - - H—Continuation of the suspensory ligament inserted into the - smaller pastern-bone. - - I—Small inelastic ligament lying down the sesamoid-bone to the - larger pastern-bone. - - K—A long ligament reaching from the pastern-bone to the knee. - - L—Extensor tendon inserted into both the pastern and the - coffin-bone. - - M—Tendon of the perforating flexor inserted into the - coffin-bone, after having passed over the navicular-bone. - - N—Seat of the navicular-joint lameness. - - O—Inner or sensible frog. - - P—Cleft of the horny frog. - - Q—A ligament uniting the navicular-bone to the smaller pastern. - - R—A ligament uniting the navicular-bone to the coffin-bone. - - S—Sensible sole between the coffin-bone and the horny side. - - T—Horny sole. - - U—Crust or wall of the foot. - - V—Sensible laminæ to which the crust is attached. - - W—Coronary ring of the crust. - - X—The covering of the coronary ligament from which the crust is - secreted. - - Z—Place of bleeding at the toe.] - - - - -RECIPES. - - -The following recipes have been gathered from souses entitled to the -fullest confidence, as remedies of value to all owners of horses, and are -presented with the hope of doing good: - - -_INFLUENZA._ - -For several years past a disease has been more or less prevalent in -various sections of this country, known to the Veterinary as epidemic -catarrh or influenza. The symptoms of this disease are so various in -different animals—no two being precisely alike—that a variety of opinions -are current concerning it and its nature; and, as a consequence, various -other diseases are often confounded with it. The usual or leading -symptoms are a slight watery or mucous discharge from the nose; eyelids -presenting a reddish appearance; matter collects in the corner of the -eyes; pulse feeble; great debility, as shown by the quick, feeble action -of the heart—a symptom rarely absent; membrane of nose much reddened; -sore throat and cough; occasionally the feet become fevered as in -founder, causing much stiffness, and might be easily taken for that -disease. - -_Treatment._—This being a typhoid disease, it requires a sustaining -treatment, or success will be very doubtful. In the early stage of this -disease, give the first two days ten drops of tincture of aconite, or -bryonia, in a little water, every six hours; after which give a pail -of water to drink, and, once a day, 1 oz. spirits of nitre, or 2 drams -extract of belladonna; and give in the feed, three times a day, one of -the following powders: gentian root, saltpetre, and anise seed, of each 1 -oz.; sulphate of quinine, 1 dram; mix, and divide into eight powders. The -throat should be bathed with mustard and vinegar; or with linseed oil, -3 oz., spirits of hartshorn, 1 oz. Mix together. No hay or corn should -be given, but scalded oats or wheat bran, with linseed tea, or oatmeal -gruel, should constitute the diet. I would recommend a few carrots. But -above all, good nursing is to be desired, and by strictly following the -foregoing instructions a successful result is probable. - - -_CONDITION POWDER._ - -Fenugreek, cream of tartar, gentian, sulphur, saltpetre, resin, -black antimony, and ginger, of each 1 oz.; cayenne ½ oz.; all finely -pulverized. Mix thoroughly. It is used for yellow water, hide bound, -colds, coughs, distemper, and all other diseases where a condition powder -is needed. They carry off gross humors, and purify the blood. - -_Dose._—In ordinary cases one tablespoonful once a day. In extreme -cases give twice daily. This powder has never failed to give entire -satisfaction. - - -_GLANDERS._ - -This is one of the most fatal diseases to which the horse is subject. -It is propagated in most cases by contagion, the infection being -disseminated by seed from the nasal discharge, not, as many suppose, -by the breath. According to eminent foreign authors, the disease has -its origin also in a vitiated state of the blood, and this may result -from improper treatment or neglect of almost any disease to which he is -liable. In its early stage it appears to be only a slight inflammation -of the inner membrane of the nose, not, however, attended with the -usual florid red characterizing inflammation, but of a paler hue, and -afterwards becoming darker. The first marked symptom is a discharge -from the nose, scarcely to be distinguished at first from the natural -moisture, either by its color or consistence, and generally coming from -one nostril only, and that the left one. In appearance it is thin and -transparent, closely resembling the natural discharge, a little increased -in quantity, and sometimes continues in this doubtful stage for several -weeks or months. Instances are indeed known where it has existed for -several years before it became fully developed. In such cases it is -attended with no loss of appetite, no cough, or apparent illness of any -kind, with little enlargement of the glands under the jaw, and at the -same time the horse is capable of communicating disease. - -Too many of these horses, with a decided glanderous discharge from the -nose and adherent glands under the jaw, are found on our roads, or are -employed in agriculture, which (although they are otherwise in good -health, and perform their work well) should not be permitted; for by such -means the contagion is widely spread. No cough accompanies real glanders -in any of its stages, except the last, which is usually soon cut short by -death. - -In addition to the preceding tokens for discovering at an early period -the true glanders from other disorders, let the nostrils be closely -examined. In the real glanders, the left or running nostril will be -found of a deeper color than ordinary, while the other, or dry nostril, -is of a paler color, or almost white. - -The reader must bear in mind the varied color of the nostril in deciding -all cases of this character. Also that in colds, etc., both nostrils run. - -Before the disease finishes its course, both sides of the nose and head -become affected—the ulcers extend down the windpipe, and fasten upon -the lungs. The virus, secreted by and discharged from the ulcers, is -absorbed and carried through the whole system, and soon puts an end to -the creature’s miserable existence. The best preventives of glanders are -dry, clean, well-ventilated stables, moderate exercise, green food, when -it can be procured, and roots in the winter. - -The disease may be cured in its early stages, or before ulcers are -formed in the nose, or the lumps under the jaw adhere to the bone, by -turning the animal on a dry pasture, by proper attention to the bowels, -and by use of alterative medicines, to work the poisons out of the -system. Should the bowels require loosening, give the common purge. For -purifying the blood, the condition powder is the most effectual remedy. -The owner must beware of putting the horse to hard labor too soon, after -having been turned out as before directed, as the disease is liable to -return on subsequent confinement, even after the running at the nose -has entirely disappeared. It is conceded by all, that when this disease -is once seated, it cannot be cured; and humanity dictates, and economy -should prompt us to terminate the animal’s existence at once. This course -has now become an imperative duty, as the fact is established that man -is susceptible to the contagion; and there are numerous cases on record -where those who have had the care of glandered horses have fallen victims -to this disease. - - -_LOCK JAW._ - -This disease generally arises from nail wounds in the feet, or from sharp -metallic substances taken into and wounding the stomach or intestines. -The first symptoms of the disease are observed about the ninth or tenth -day after the injury is done, which are a straggling or stiffness of the -hind-legs, to which succeed in a few days the following: on elevating -the head, a spasmodic motion of the membrane in the inner corner of the -eye will be observed, showing little more than the white of the eye; the -muscles of the jaws become rigid; the tongue is swollen, and the mouth -is filled with saliva; the ears are erect, and the nose poked out; the -nostrils expand; respiration becomes much disturbed; and finally, the -jaws become firmly set, and the bowels constipated. - -_Treatment._—Tinct. of aconite, 2 drs.; tinct. of belladonna, 2 drs.; -water, ½ oz. Mix, and give 40 drops every 4 hours on the tongue; keep a -ball of aloes in the mouth for several days. There is no fear of giving -too much. I have known half a pound to be given in a few days with good -success. Hydrocyandic acid, 20 drops in a little water, and put upon the -tongue every four hours, is an excellent remedy. Foment the jaws with -bags of hops steeped in hot water, and bathe the line of the back from -the pole to the croup with mustard and vinegar. Be careful not to allow -the animal to be unnecessarily excited by noises and confusion about him. -Go about him quietly; keep a pail of bran slop before him all the time. -If the foot has been injured, poultice with flaxseed meal, and keep the -wound open until a healthy action has been established. - - -_TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DISTEMPER AND GLANDERS._ - -The discharge from the nose in Glanders will sink in water. In Distemper -it will not. - - -_CHRONIC COUGH._ - -This is generally the consequence of neglected catarrhal affections, -worms, etc. For treatment, give twice each day Barbadoes aloes, 2 oz.; -pulv. foxglove (or digitalis), 1 oz.; linseed meal, 13 oz. Mix with -molasses. Dose, 1 oz. - -Another remedy is, sal ammoniac, 1 oz.; squills, pulv., ½ oz.; aloes, -pulv., 1 oz.; linseed meal, 16 oz.; mix with molasses, and divide into -four balls; to be given one each night for four days. - - -_TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATISM._ - -Poultice the feet with mustard and flaxseed meal. Give internally of nux -vomica, 1 oz.; pulv. gentian root, 1½ oz.; pulverized ginger, 1 oz. Mix -and divide into 12 powders; give one every night in the feed, keep the -body warm, and give no corn. - - -_FOUNDER REMEDY._ - -Give from 1 to 4 ounces of saltpetre, according to the severity of the -case. For a severe case, draw about one gallon of blood from the neck; -then drench with linseed oil, 1 quart; rub the fore-legs with water as -hot as can be borne without scalding, continuing the washing till the -horse is perfectly limber. - - -_HORSE OINTMENT._ - -Resin, 4 oz.; beeswax, 4 oz.; honey, 2 oz.; lard, 8 oz.; melt these -articles slowly, bringing gradually to a boil; remove from the fire, -and slowly add a little less than a pint of spirits of turpentine, -stirring all the time this is being added, and stir till cool. This is -an extraordinary ointment for bruises of the flesh, or hoof, or broken -knees, galls or bites, or when a horse is gelded to heal and keep off -flies. - - -_MAGIC LINIMENT._ - -Take 2 oz. oil of spike; 2 oz. origanum; 2 oz. hemlock; 2 oz. wormwood; -4 ounces sweet oil; 2 oz. spirits ammonia; 2 ounces gum camphor; 2 oz. -spirits turpentine; 1 quart proof spirits. Mix well and bottle for use. -Cork tight. For sprains, bruises, or lameness of any kind, this liniment -is unsurpassed. This is the same liniment, leaving out the turpentine, -which has achieved so many wonderful cures for human ailment. - -A more simple liniment can be made by putting into spirits of turpentine -all the gum camphor it will cut. For ordinary purposes it is fit for -use; but if you wish to reduce pain, add as much laudanum as there is -turpentine. - - -_FRENCH PASTE FOR BONE SPAVIN._ - -Corrosive sublimate, quicksilver, and iodine, of each 1 oz., with -sufficient lard to form a paste. Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, -and add the sublimate, and finally add the lard, rubbing thoroughly. -Shave off the hair the size of the bone enlargement, then grease all -around it, but not where the bone is shaved off. This prevents the action -of the medicine only upon the spavin; rub in as much of the paste as will -lie on a five cent piece, each morning for four mornings only, and in -from six to eight days the spavin will come out; then wash out the wound -with suds, soaking well for an hour or two, which removes the poisonous -effects of the medicine, and facilitates the healing, which can be done -by any healing salve. I prefer the horse ointment to any other. - - -_HOW TO CLEAN AND OIL HARNESS._ - -First take the harness apart, having each strap and piece by itself; then -wash it with warm water and Castile soap. When cleansed, black each part -with the following dye: 1 oz. extract of logwood; 12 grains bichromate of -potash—both pounded fine; put into two quarts of boiling rain-water, and -stir till all is dissolved. When cool, it may be used. It may be bottled -and kept for future use, if desired. It may be applied with a shoe brush. -When the dye has struck in, you may oil each part with neatsfoot oil, -applied with a paint brush. For second oiling, use one-third castor oil -and two-thirds neat’s-foot oil, mixed. A few hours after, wipe clean -with a woolen cloth, which gives the harness a glossy appearance. This -preparation does not injure the leather or stitching, but makes it -soft and pliable, and obviates the necessity of oiling as often as is -necessary by the ordinary method. When the harness is removed from the -horse, take a woolen cloth or chamois skin, kept for the purpose, and -wipe off the dust and all moisture from rain or perspiration, and when -the harness is nearly dry, rub the damper parts very thoroughly with a -second cloth or skin, until they are quite soft and pliable. - -The bits, and plated mountings, should be cleaned and rubbed with a -slightly-oiled rag, before the harness is finally hung in its place; the -harness should be protected from dust either by a covering of cloth, or -by hanging in a closet. Whenever the leather becomes dry and hard, it -should be cleaned and oiled according to the foregoing directions. - - -_PHYSIC BALL._ - -Barbadoes aloes, 1 lb.; syrup buckthorn, 3 oz.; cod-liver oil, 3 oz. -Melt the whole, and stir till cool. In winter, add a little water, make -into 18 pills, and give 1 every four hours, or as much as will move the -bowels. - - -_TO SCATTER POLL-EVIL._ - -Take a quantity of mandrake root, bruise and boil it, strain and boil -down until rather thick; then form an ointment, simmering with sufficient -lard for the purpose. Anoint the swelling once a day until cured. It has -cured them after they were broken out, by putting it in the pipes a few -times; also, anointing around the sore. - - -_HEALING SALVE FOR ABRASIONS AND CUTS._ - -Oxide of zinc, 4 drams; fresh lard, 1 oz.; carbolic acid, 6 grains. -Melt the lard, and stir in the oxide of zinc, which must be very finely -powdered; add the carbolic acid and mix thoroughly. Apply twice a day to -the wound. This salve is very valuable for its healing properties, and -will be found of special service, if there is any foul discharge. - - -_WASH FOR FOUL ULCERS._ - -Permanganate of potassa, 1 dram; pure water, 6 fluid ounces. Clean -the sore once or twice a day, with a quart of water, to which a large -tablespoonful of the wash has been added, using a soft sponge. - -The discoloration of the solution indicates its complete loss of power as -a disinfectant. - -The bottle must be kept tightly corked, as impurities in the air will, in -time, impair its value. - - -_ANTISPASMODIC TINCTURE._ - -(_For Man or Beast._) - -Oils of cajeput, cloves, peppermint, anise, of each 1 oz.; of alcohol, -1 quart. Mix together, and bottle for use. Dose, for horse, 1 oz. every -15 minutes, in a little whisky and warm water, sweetened with molasses. -Continue till relieved. - -Dose for man, one teaspoonful. - - - - -RECORD OF FAST HORSES FOR 1875. - - -The author of this work would not have the reader imagine that he is -known to the popular world as a sporting man, but believing his book will -come into the hands of not only lovers of the noble animal as a beast of -burden, and highly prized by the honest yeomanry of this continent, but -into the hands also of those who admire more for qualities of speed, as -exhibited on the turf, deems it advisable to gratify the appetite of all -who appreciate fast trotting, by devoting a corner to record the driving -of all horses having a public record of 2.30, or better. Considerable -trouble and expense has attended the research, and it embraces a complete -list of horses that have shown on the turf since 1870, compiled in the -most accurate manner, and alphabetically arranged. - - Abdallah, b. s. 2.30 - Adelaide, b. m. 2.22½ - Ajax, b. s. 2.29 - Albert, blk. g. 2.24¾ - Albion Boy, b. g. 2.30 - Alice, b. m. 2.25 - Allie West, blk. s. 2.25 - Alton Boy 2.29½ - [2]American Girl, b. m. 2.16½ - Amy, b. m. 2.22¼ - Amy B, b. m. 2.30 - Annie Collins, b. m. 2.26 - Arthur, blk. g. 2.28¼ - Aurora, s. m. 2.27 - Baby Boy, wh. g. 2.30 - Badger Girl, g. m. 2.25½ - Barney Kelley, b. g. 2.26¼ - Bashaw, Jr. 2.25 - Bashaw Maid, ch. m. 2.30 - Basil Duke, cr. g. 2.28½ - Bateman, b. g. 2.27 - Bay Henry, b. g. 2.30 - Bay Jack 2.30 - Bay Sallie, b. m. 2.30 - Bay Whalebone, b. g. 2.26¼ - Bella, b. m. 2.22 - Belle, b. m. 2.28¼ - Belle Brasfield, b. m. 2.25¼ - Belle Deane, blk. m. 2.30 - Belle of Toronto, g. m. 2.28½ - Ben Cummings, ch. s. 2.26 - Ben Flagler, g. g. 2.26½ - Ben Morrill, br. s. 2.28 - Ben Smith, b. g. 2.28½ - Ben Star, b. g. 2.24¾ - Beppo, or J. W. Conley, b. g. 2.24½ - Bertie, g. m. 2.27 - Billy Hoskins, g. g. 2.26¼ - Billy Lambertson, b. g. 2.28¼ - Billy Platter, g. g. 2.26 - Black Bird, blk. s. 2.22 - Black George, blk. s. 2.23¾ - Black Mack, blk. g. 2.26½ - Black Swan, blk. m. 2.28½ - Blanche, blk. m. 2.23½ - Bodine, b. g. 2.19¼ - Bonner, ch. g. 2.23 - Breeze, b. g. 2.25½ - Bristol Bill, g. g. 2.29 - Bro. Jonathan, b. g. 2.24¼ - Brown Dick, br. s. 2.24½ - Brown Jack, br. g. 2.28½ - Bully Brooks, b. g. 2.30 - Buzz, br. g. 2.28½ - Byron, s. s. 2.25½ - Caledonia Chief, ch. s. 2.29½ - California Dexter, b. g. 2.27 - Calmar, b. g. 2.30 - [2]Camors, blk. g. 2.19¾ - Capitola, b. m. 2.29½ - Captain, b. s. 2.28 - Captain Jinks, s. g. 2.30 - Carrie, b. m. 2.24½ - Castle Boy, b. g. 2.21 - Catskill Girl, b. m. 2.28½ - Cattaraugus Chief, b. g. 2.29½ - Chas. E. Loew, blk. s. 2.25½ - Chas. Hinson, g. g. 2.28 - Charlie Green, b. g. 2.26¼ - Clara G., b. m. 2.26 - Clarence, ch. g. 2.27½ - Clementine, b. m. 2.21 - Colbourne, dun. g. 2.30 - Col. Barnes, ch. g. 2.28½ - Col. Moulton, ch. s. 2.28½ - Col. Russell, b. g. 2.25¾ - Col. Pike, b. g. 2.29½ - Comee, b. g. 2.24½ - Commodore, b. g. 2.25 - Commonwealth, br. s. 2.24½ - Cozette, blk. m. 2.23 - Crown Prince, wh. g. 2.25 - Dan, br. g. 2.28½ - Daniel Boone, g. g. 2.28¾ - Dan Voorhies 2.26 - Defiance, blk. s. 2.29½ - Defiance, br. g. 2.24¼ - Delhi, b. g. 2.29½ - Denmark, br. g. 2.30 - Derby, b. g. 2.25½ - Dick Jamison, b. g. 2.26 - Dinah, rn. m. 2.30 - Doble, blk. s. 2.28 - Dolly, b. m. 2.30 - Don Elipha (buckskin mustang) 2.30 - Dot, b. g. 2.29¾ - Doubtful, g. g. 2.29½ - Draco Prince, blk. s. 2.24½ - Dreadnaught, ch. g. 2.27½ - Duchess, b. m. 2.28 - Duke, b. g. 2.26½ - Dutchman, b. g. 2.30 - Ella Wilson, b. m. 2.30 - Ella Lewis, br. m. 2.27 - Eva, b. m. 2.25¼ - Ella Madden, b. m. 2.26¾ - Ella Wright, b. m. 2.24¾ - Everett Ray, b. g. 2.25 - Edginton 2.26 - Ed. White, p. g. 2.27 - Easton Boy, wh. g. 2.25½ - Ella Elwood, b. m. 2.29 - Elmo, ch. s. 2.27 - Fleetwood, ch. g. 2.29 - Frank Wood, b. g. 2.24 - Frank, br. m. 2.27¼ - Factory Girl, b. m. 2.29¼ - Flora Bell, b. m. 2.22¾ - Flora Bell, ch. m. 2.30 - Frank Palmer, b. g. 2.26¼ - Fannie, ch. m. 2.29 - Frank J., dun. g. 2.23¾ - Frank Davis, 2.30 - Frank Munson, 2.30 - Frank Reeves, 2.30 - Fox, b. g. 2.30 - Fred Hooper, b. g. 2.23 - Fleety Golddust, g. m. 2.20 - Filbert, g. g. 2.28 - Fanny Otis, b. m. 2.28¾ - Falmouth Boy, b. g. 2.29½ - Frank Ferguson, br. g. 2.27 - Flora Shepard, b. m. 2.30 - George Miller, b. g. 2.30 - Gray Jack, g. g. 2.28¼ - Glengarry, b. g. 2.27 - George Treat, 2.28½ - George M. Patchen, 2.23½ - Gray Alex, g. g. 2.28¾ - Gazelle, b. m. 2.21 - Grace, b. m. 2.27¼ - Goldsmith Maid, b. m. 2.14 - George, b. g. 2.24½ - Gen. Sherman, g. g. 2.28¾ - Gold Leaf, s. g. 2.28¼ - Gen. Grant, s. s. 2.20 - Granville, ch. g. 2.29 - Governor, b. g. 2.30 - Gen. Howard, br. g. 2.30 - [2]Gloster, b. g. 2.17 - Geo. B. Daniels, s. g. 2.24 - Grafton, ch. g. 2.22¼ - Gen. Picton, g. g. 2.30 - Gen. Love, s. s. 2.30 - Gray Chief, g. g. 2.26½ - Great Eastern, br. g. 2.28¾ - Gen. Garfield, b. g. 2.21 - Gray Eddy, g. g. 2.27 - Gov. Sprague, blk. s. (4 years, public trial, 1 mile) 2.21¼ - Grace Bertram, ch. m. 2.29 - Grand Duchess, b. m. 2.26½ - Henry, b. g. 2.20¼ - Hannah D., b. m. 2.27½ - Harry Mitchel, b. g. 2.28¼ - H. C. Hill, br. g. 2.25½ - Honesty, b. s. 2.26 - Huntress, b. m. 2.21¼ - Hattie, ch. m. 2.30 - Hopeful, g. g. 2.17¼ - Hotspur, b. g. 2.23¾ - Hamperion, br. s. 2.29½ - H. W. Genet, b. s. 2.25½ - Huckleberry, b. g. 2.26½ - Herod, br. g. 2.29 - Hope, s. g. 2.28 - Haviland, b. g. 2.29½ - Honest Harry, m. g. 2.25 - Honest Dutchman, 2.26½ - Harry Harley, b. g. 2.25¾ - Harvest Queen, b. m. 2.29½ - Hal. Terrel, b. g. 2.28¾ - Idol, ch. m. 2.27¼ - Idol, b. m. 2.23 - J. N. Mansua, b. g. 2.29½ - Joe Udell, b. g. 2.30 - John Stuart, b. g. 2.30 - Joe Brown, g. s. 2.26½ - Jerome, ch. g. 2.28½ - Jas. Howell, Jr. 2.24 - Jubilee Lambert, br. s. 2.25 - Judge Fullerton, ch. g. 2.18 - Joker, b. g. 2.23 - Jennie, b. m. 2.22½ - John H., b. g. 2.23 - Jim Irving, b. g. 2.23 - Jack Draper, g. g. 2.29 - John W. Hall, ch. g. 2.25 - Joe Green, b. s. 2.29½ - John T. Rich, b. s. 2.28 - John C. Fero, br. g. 2.27½ - John Morrissey, ch. g. 2.26½ - J. J. Bradley, b. g. 2.25½ - [2]J. H. Burke, blk. g. 2.27½ - J. D. McMann, b. g. 2.28¾ - Jackson, b. s. 2.27¾ - Joe, or Triumph, s. g. 2.25¼ - John E., b. g. 2.28¾ - Jay Gould, b. s. 2.20½ - J. G. Blaine, blk. g. 2.28¼ - Joe Coburn, 2.30 - Judge Robertson, b. g. 2.29 - John T., br. g. (fraud same as Huckleberry), 2.29½ - [2]Kilburn Jim, b. s. 2.23 - Ki-Ki, b. g. 2.28 - Kittie D., b. m. 2.26¼ - Kansas Chief, b. g. 2.21½ - Kate Campbell, br. m. 2.25½ - Kittie Cook, br. m. 2.29½ - Kate Bennett, rn. m. 2.29¼ - Lady Blanchard, g. m. 2.26¼ - Lady Garfield, b. m. 2.29½ - Lady Hughes, b. m. 2.30 - [2]Lady Hamilton, b. m. 2.30 - Lydia Thompson, b. m. 2.26¼ - Little Longfellow, s. g. 2.29¼ - License, ch. g. 2.26½ - Lothair, blk. s. 2.29½ - Lothair, br. g. (fraud same as Small Hope), 2.28¼ - Little Gipsy, b. m. 2.28 - Lew Ives, b. g. 2.28 - Lady Mack, b. m. 2.25 - Logan, s. s. 2.28 - Lucille Golddust, b. m. 2.19½ - Lady Dahlman, br. m. 2.28 - Lizzie Keller, br. m. 2.30 - Lady Thompson, 2.28 - Lady Star, br. m. 2.24¼ - Little Mack, br. s. 2.28½ - Lady Griswold, g. m. 2.29 - Lewinski, b. g. 2.26¾ - Lady Emma, ch. m. 2.28 - Lady Star, 2.25 - Little Fred, b. g. 2.25 - Lady Blanche, b. m. 2.28¼ - Lady Turpin, blk. m. 2.23 - Lottery, g. g. 2.27 - Lulu, b. m. 2.14¾ - Lady Williams, ch. m. 2.28½ - Lady Banker, b. m. 2.23 - Lady Snell, b. m. 2.23¼ - Lida Picton, br. m. 2.27½ - Lady Stout, ch. m. 2.29 - Lew Scott, b. g. 2.30 - Lady Elgin, g. m. 2.27¾ - Lillie Shields, s. m. 2.29½ - Lady Byron, blk. m. 2.28 - Lady H., g. m. 2.30 - Lady Maud, b. m. 2.18¼ - Lady Ross, b. m. 2.29¾ - Major Edsall, b. s. 2.29 - Major Allen, s. g. 2.24¼ - Mat. Smith, b. s. 2.26½ - Mountain Boy, b. g. 2.20¾ - Myron Perry, b. g. 2.24½ - Mollie Morris, ch. m. 2.22 - Mila Caldwell, s. m. 2.26½ - Mack, g. g. 2.28 - Mary A. Whitney, b. m. 2.28 - May Howard, g. m. 2.24½ - Molsey, b. m. 2.21¾ - Mary Davis, b. m. 2.26¼ - Music, ch. m. 2.21¾ - Mollie, b. m. 2.28¾ - Mystic, b. g. 2.22 - Maud, b. m. 2.29¾ - Medoc, g. g. 2.28½ - Mambrino Star, b. g. 2.28½ - Mambrino Gift, br. s. 2.20 - Monarch, Jr., rn. s. 2.25½ - Monroe, ch. s. 2.28½ - Mac, br. g. 2.27¾ - Magnolia, g. g. 2.26¼ - Major Root, br. g. 2.27 - Major King, s. g. 2.30 - May Queen, b. m. 2.20 - May Bird, blk. m. 2.27 - Maggie Briggs, b. m. 2.27 - Moscow, blk. g. 2.28¾ - Mazoumanie, ch. g. 2.27¼ - Mohawk, Jr., b. s. 2.25 - Mary, b. m. 2.28 - Newberlin Girl, b. m. 2.29½ - None Such, s. m. 2.25½ - Natchez, blk. g. 2.30 - Nellie Gray, 2.24 - Nellie Irwin, b. m. 2.25 - Nick, br. g. 2.29¾ - Nettie, b. m. 2.18 - Nino, b. g. 2.29¾ - Ned Forrest, blk g. 2.28½ - Nellie, g. m. 2.30 - Nellie Walton, b. m. 2.26 - North Star Mambrino, 2.26½ - Nettie Burlew, b. m. 2.25½ - Nerea, s. m. 2.23½ - Ned Wallace, b. s. 2.29 - Ohio Boy, b. g. 2.27¼ - Observer, ch. g. 2.24¼ - Orient, s. g. 2.24 - Oakland Maid, g. m. 2.26 - Occident, br. g. 2.16¾ - Prince Allen, ch. s. 2.26½ - Patchen Chief, blk. s. 2.25½ - Pownall Mare, br. m. 2.29 - Pat Ring, 2.28 - Polly, or Tackney 2.26 - Phil Sheridan, blk. s. 2.26½ - Pilot Temple, b. s. 2.24½ - Parkis’ Abdallah, b. s. 2.26¾ - Prince, rn. g. 2.28 - Preston, dun. g. 2.28½ - Planter, 2.30 - Prospero, 2.22½ - Pumpkin, 2.27½ - Queen of the West, 2.26¼ - Royal John, g. g. 2.27½ - Red Dick, ch. g. 2.28 - Rolla Golddust, b. g. 2.25 - Rhode Island, br. s. 2.23½ - [2]Ripon Boy, b. s. 2.25¾ - Rosalind, b. m. 2.21¾ - Ross, sp. g. 2.29¾ - Rex Patchen, b. s. 2.30 - Randall, ch. g. 2.24½ - Red Cloud, b. g. 2.18 - Rattler, b. g. 2.27 - Royal George, g. g. 2.26½ - Rosewood, br. m. 2.27 - Rarus, b. g. 2.20¾ - Rival, g. s. 2.30 - Rutledge, b. g. 2.30 - St. Elmo, g. g. 2.29¼ - Sleepy John, b. g. 2.24½ - Shakespeare, ch. s. 2.30 - Susie Parker, b. m. 2.27½ - Sentinel, b. s. 2.29½ - Skinkel’s Hambletonian, b. s. 2.28¾ - St. James, b. g. 2.23¼ - Sam Purdy, b. g. 2.23¼ - Spotted Colt, sp. g. 2.25½ - Stump Puller, or Columbia Chief, blk. s. 2.30 - Shepard Knapp, Jr., b. g. 2.27¾ - Sisson Girl, blk. m. 2.28½ - Star, s. g. 2.30 - Snowball, wh. g. 2.27½ - Scotland Maid, b. m. 2.28½ - Silver Side, g. g. 2.30 - Stewart Maloney, b. g. 2.27 - Surprise, g. g. 2.26 - Sam West, b. g. 2.29 - Star of the West, bk. s. 2.26½ - Smuggler, b. s. 2.20 - Susie, s. m. 2.25 - Sleepy Tom, b. g. 2.30 - Simon, ch. g. 2.30 - Snowflake, g. m. 2.22 - Sir Wm. Wallace, b. s. 2.27¾ - Swallow, b. m. 2.30 - Sea Foam, g. m. 2.24½ - Sunbeam, b. m. 2.30 - San Bruno, br. g. 2.25¼ - Silas Rich, s. s. 2.28 - Sconchin, 2.25¼ - Sensation, 2.24½ - Sorrel Frank, 2.28¾ - Sucker State, 2.28¼ - St. Julien, b. s. 2.22½ - Sciota Belle, br. m. 2.28 - Tennessee, br. m. 2.27 - Tanner Boy, g. g. 2.27 - Twilight, wh. m. 2.27¾ - Tom Wonder, br. g. 2.29 - Tom Hendricks, 2.30 - Thos. L. Young, ch. g. 2.19½ - Tom Keeler, b. g. 2.26 - Thos. Jefferson, blk. s. 2.23 - Tom Britton, br. g. 2.27½ - Tom Walter, s. g. 2.29 - Tom Moore, b. g. 2.28 - T. A., b. g. 2.28 - Tom Brown, s. g. 2.27½ - Unknown, ch. g. 2.23 - Viola, b. m. 2.28 - Vanity Fair, b. g. 2.24¼ - Western, b. g. 2.30 - Western Girl, b. m. 2.27 - W. B. Whitman, or Billy Barr, 2.23¾ - W. K. Thomas, g. g. 2.26½ - W. H. Allen, b. s. 2.23¼ - Winthrop Morrill, Jr. 2.28¾ - White Cloud, wh. g. 2.27½ - Whitestockings, 2.30 - Westfield, ch. g. 2.26½ - Wild Oats, br. g. 2.29¼ - Wellesley Boy, b. g. 2.26¾ - Whalebone, b. g. 2.29 - Young Bruno, b. g. 2.22¾ - York State, b. g. 2.23¼ - Young Rattler, 2.30 - Young Magna, b. g. 2.29 - Young Grafton, ch. h. 2.30 - Zephyr, br. m. 2.30 - -[2] Dead. - - - - -RULES AND REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE AMERICAN -TROTTING TURF. - - -RULE 1.—_Mandate._—All trotting and pacing engagements and performances -over the several courses which are, or shall be represented by membership -in the “NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE INTERESTS OF THE -AMERICAN TROTTING TURF,” and each and every person who shall in any -way be concerned or employed therein, as well as all associations and -proprietors themselves who are or shall become members of said National -Association, shall be governed by the following rules from and after -February 4th, 1874. [See also Articles 12 and 13 of By-Laws.] - -RULE 2.—_Entries._—All entries for premiums must be made under cover, -enclosing the entrance money for purses and forfeits in sweepstakes, and -sealed and addressed to or deposited with the Secretary, or other person -authorized to receive the same, at such time and place as shall have been -prescribed. - -Notices by telegraph of intention to enter shall be received up to the -hour advertised for closing, and all such entries shall be eligible, -provided the entrance fee specified shall be paid in due course, by mail -or otherwise. [See also Art. 17 of By-Laws.] - -It shall be the duty of the Secretary, or other person authorized, to -prepare the list of entries for publication, comprising all information -necessary for the enlightenment of the general public and parties to the -race; and all entries as aforesaid shall be opened and announced at a -public meeting, of which reasonable notice by advertisement or otherwise -shall be given to the parties in interest. - -RULE 3.—_Entrance Fee._—The entrance fee shall be 10 per cent. of the -purse, unless otherwise specified; and any person failing to pay his -entrance dues may, together with his horse or horses, be suspended until -they are paid in full, which shall be with an addition of 10 per cent. -penalty and interest at 7 per cent. per annum until paid—the penalty -to go to the National Association. _Provided_, that no such suspension -imposed after April 1, 1874, shall be lawful unless imposed within -sixty days from the close of the meeting; _and further provided_, that -any entry which shall be accepted upon conditions differing from those -applied by the terms of the race to other entries in the same class shall -be regarded a “conditional entry,” and as such shall be void. And any -associate member who shall accept any such conditional entry, shall, -upon satisfactory evidence produced to the Board of Appeals, be held to -forfeit to the National Association 20 per cent. of the amount of the -purse in which such conditional entry has been accepted. - -RULE 4.—_How Many to Enter._—In all purses three or more entries are -required, and two to start, unless otherwise specified. - -RULE 5.—_Horses to be Eligible when Entries Close._—A horse shall not be -eligible to start in any race that has beaten the time advertised prior -to the closing of the entries for the race in which he is entered, unless -otherwise specified in the published conditions. - -Horses shall not be eligible if the time specified has been beaten by -them at a greater distance; that is, a horse having made two miles in -five minutes is eligible for a 2:30 race, but not eligible for a race -limited to horses of a slower class than that. - -RULE 6.—_Description and Name of each Horse Required._—An accurate and -satisfactory description of each entry will be required, and shall be in -the following form, to wit: - -_Color._—The color and marks shall be accurately given. - -_Sex._—It shall be distinctly stated whether the entry be a stallion, -mare, or gelding, and the names of the sire and dam shall be given in -all cases (and when unknown shall be so stated in the entry), under -penalty of $25 fine for each omission. And the pedigree so given shall be -published by the associate member with the advertisement of entries. - -_Name of Horse._—Every horse shall be named, and the name correctly and -plainly written in the entry; and after trotting in a public race such -name shall not be changed, except by permission of the Board of Appeals, -and upon payment of a recording fee of $10, the fee to go to the National -Association; for each violation of this requirement a fine of $100 shall -be imposed, together with suspension or expulsion; and if the horse -has ever trotted in a public race the last name under which he or she -trotted shall be given with the entry; and if the name has been changed -within two years, each name he or she has borne during that time must be -given; and if any horse without a name has ever trotted in a public race, -mention must be made in the entry of a sufficient number of his or her -most recent performances, to enable interested parties to identify the -animal; _provided_, that it shall not be necessary to furnish any one -association or proprietor with the same record the second time. - -In entries and nominations hereafter made, the words “no name” shall -not be received as a name; neither shall such descriptive words as “bay -horse,” “gray mare,” &c., be allowed as names, under penalty of a fine -not to exceed the entrance fee, to be imposed on the member who violates -this restriction. - -A horse having once been named, shall not again start in a race on -any course in the United States or Canada without a name, nor under a -different name, unless the foregoing requirements have been complied with. - -_Double Teams._—In all double-team races the entry must contain the name -and description of each horse, in the manner provided for entry of single -horses. - -RULE 7.—_Name and Address._—The residence and post-office address, in -full, of the person or persons in whose name an entry is made, and if -he or they be not the owner, then that of the owner or owners also must -accompany each nomination. - -RULE 8.—_Entries that Cannot Start._—As many horses may be entered by one -party, or as many horses trained in the same stable as may be desired, -but only one that has been owned or controlled in whole or in part by the -same person or persons, or trained in the same stable within ten days -preceding the race, can start in any race of heats. - -RULE 9.—_No purse for a “Walk Over.”_—No purse will be awarded for a -“walk over,” but in cases where only one of the horses entered for any -premium shall appear on the course, he shall be entitled to his own -entrance money and to one-half of the entrance money received from all -other horses entered for said premium. - -RULE 10.—_In Case of Death, Engagements Void._—All engagements, including -obligations for entrance fees, shall be void upon the decease of either -party or horse, so far as they shall affect the deceased party or horse; -but forfeits, also matches made play or pay, shall not be affected by the -death of a horse. - -RULE 11.—_Match Races._—In all match races these rules shall govern, -unless the contrary be expressly stipulated and assented to by the club, -association, or proprietor of the course over which the race is to come -off. - -RULE 12.—_When Matches Become Play or Pay._—In all matches made to come -off over any of the associate courses, the parties shall place the amount -of the match in the hands of the stakeholder one day before the event -(omitting Sunday) is to come off, at such time and place as the club, -association, or proprietor, upon application may determine, and the race -shall then become play or pay. - -RULE 13.—_Purse or Stakes Wrongfully Obtained._—A person obtaining a -purse or stake through fraud or error shall return it to the Treasurer -if demanded within one year, or be punished as follows: He, together -with the parties implicated in the wrong, and the horse or horses, shall -be expelled until such demand is complied with, and such stake or purse -shall be awarded to the party justly entitled to the same. - -RULE 14.—_Fraudulent Entries, or Meddling with Horses._—Any person found -guilty of dosing or tampering with any horse, or of making a fraudulent -entry of any horse, or of disguising a horse with intent to conceal his -identity, or being in any way concerned in such a transaction, shall be -expelled. - -Any horse that shall have been painted or disguised, to represent another -or a different horse, or shall have been entered in a purse in which he -does not belong, shall forfeit the entrance money and be expelled. - -RULE 15.—_Reward._—A reward of $50 will be paid to the person who shall -first give information leading to the detection and conviction of any -fraudulent entry and the parties thereto, to be paid out of the funds -of the National Association for the Promotion of the Interests of the -American Trotting Turf, by the Treasurer, upon the decision and order of -the Board of Appeals; _provided_, that this shall not be construed to -extend to courses outside of this Association. - -RULE 16.—_Protests._—Protests maybe made verbally before or during a -race, and shall be reduced to writing, and shall contain at least one -specific charge, and, when required, a statement of the nature of the -evidence upon which they are based, and they shall be filed with the -Judges, Association, or proprietor before the close of the meeting. - -The Judges shall in every case of protest demand that the rider or -driver, and the owner or owners, if present, shall immediately testify -under oath, in the manner hereinafter provided; and in case of their -refusal to do so, the horse shall not be allowed thereupon to start or -continue in that race, but shall be considered and declared ruled out, -with forfeit of entrance money. - -But if the parties do comply, and take the oath as herein required, -unless the Judges find conclusive evidence to warrant excluding the -horse, they shall allow him to start or continue in the race under -protest, and the premium, if any is won by that horse, shall be retained -a sufficient length of time (say three weeks) to allow the parties -interested a chance to sustain the allegations of the protest, or to -furnish information which shall warrant an investigation of the matter -by the associate member, or the Board of Appeals, and all outside bets -on such horse shall be held in abeyance pending the decision of such -protest; _provided_, that where no action as aforesaid has been taken to -sustain a protest, during three weeks, the associate member shall proceed -as if such protest had not been made. - -In any heat which such protested horse shall win, the Judges shall waive -the application of a distance as to all other horses, except for “fouls” -defined in Rule 48. - -When a protest is presented before or during a race, and the parties -refuse to make the prescribed oath, if the Judges believe the refusal is -designed to favor a fraud, they may require the horse under protest to -start or continue in the race. - -Any person found guilty of protesting a horse falsely and without cause, -or merely with intent to embarrass a race, shall be punished by a fine -not exceeding $100, or by suspension not to exceed one year, or by -expulsion. - -When a protest has been duly made, or any information lodged with the -Judges in support of a protest, alleging an improper entry or any act -prohibited or punishable under these rules, the same shall not be -withdrawn or surrendered before the expiration of three weeks, without -the approbation of the association or proprietor of the course upon which -such protest or information was produced; and if any association or -proprietor shall permit such a withdrawal of protest or information, with -a corrupt motive to favor any party who shall be affected by the same, -the association or proprietor so permitting, if convicted thereof by the -Board of Appeals, shall be expelled from all connection with the National -Association. - -Associations or proprietors shall be warranted in retaining the premium -of any horse, during the time herein mentioned, without any formal -protest, if before it is paid they shall receive information in their -judgment tending to establish fraud. - -The oath required in answer to protest shall be in the following form, to -wit: - -I ________ of ________ in the County of ________ State of ________ -on oath depose and say that I am the ________ of the ________ called -________ the same entered in a purse for horses that have never trotted -better than ________ minutes and ________ seconds, to be trotted this -day on this course, and the same that has been protested, and to which -protest this affidavit is in answer, hereby declare and affirm that -to the best of my knowledge and belief said before-mentioned horse is -eligible to start or compete in the race aforesaid; and that I fully -believe all the provisions and conditions required in the rules and -regulations for the government or trials of speed over this course were -fully and honestly complied with in making the entry aforesaid. - -Given under my hand, at ________ this ________ day of ________ A. D. -187__. - - ________________ - -Subscribed and sworn to before me, this ________ day of ________ A. D. -187__. - - ________________ - - _Justice of the Peace._ - -[NOTE.—In the absence of a Justice of the Peace, if this oath be -administered by an officer of the association, or one of the Judges -of the race, it will be considered sufficient for the purposes of the -National Association.] - -RULE 17.—_When Horses Shall not be Drawn._—No horse shall be drawn except -by permission of the Judges of the race, under penalty of being expelled, -unless at or before seven o’clock P. M. of the day preceding the race -(omitting Sunday), the proper party shall have lodged with the President, -Secretary, or proprietor of the course, a written notice of his intention -not to start, after which notice the horse so drawn shall be ineligible -to start in the race. - -Parties having two or more entries in one race shall elect which they -will not start, and notify their decision at the same time, in the same -manner, and under the same penalty as provided above. - -RULE 18.—_Power of Postponement._—In case of unfavorable weather, or -other unavoidable cause, each association or proprietor shall have power -to postpone to the next fair day and good track (omitting Sunday), all -purses or sweepstakes, or any race to which they have contributed money, -upon giving notice thereof; and they may exercise this power before or -after the race has commenced. [See also Rule 19.] - -RULE 19.—_No Trotting After Dark._—No heat shall be trotted when it is so -dark that the horses cannot be plainly seen by the Judges from the stand, -but all such races shall be continued by the Judges to the next fair day -(omitting Sunday), at such hour as they shall designate. - -In all matches and stakes, the above rule shall govern, unless otherwise -especially agreed between the parties and the association or proprietors. - -RULE 20.—_Weights and Weighing._—Every horse starting for purse, -sweepstake, or match, in any trotting or pacing race, shall carry, if to -wagon or sulky, 150 lbs., exclusive of harness: and if under the saddle, -145 lbs., the saddle and whip only to be weighed with the rider. - -Riders and drivers shall weigh in the presence of one or more of the -Judges previous to starting for any race, and after each heat shall come -to the starting stand, and not dismount or leave their vehicles without -permission of the Judges, and those who are deficient in bodily weight -shall be re-weighed after each heat. Any rider or driver not bringing -in his required weight shall be distanced, unless such decision shall -be deemed to favor a fraud. But a rider or driver thrown or taken by -force from his horse or vehicle, after having passed the winning-post, -shall not be considered as having dismounted without permission of -the Judges, and if disabled may be carried to the Judges’ stand to be -weighed, and the Judges may take the circumstances into consideration -and decide accordingly. And the riders or drivers who shall carry during -the heat and bring home with them the weights which have been approved -or announced correct and proper by the Judges, shall be subject to no -penalty for light weight in that heat; provided the Judges are satisfied -the mistake or fault was their own, and that there has been no deception -on the part of the rider or driver who shall be deficient in weight; but -all parties shall thereafter carry the required weight. - -RULE 21.—_Handicaps and Miscellaneous Weights._—In matches or handicaps, -where extra or lesser weights are to be carried, the Judges shall -carefully examine and ascertain before starting, whether the riders, -drivers or vehicles are of such weights as have been agreed upon or -required by the match or handicap, and thereafter the riders and drivers -shall be subject to the same penalties and conditions as if they were to -carry the weights prescribed by the rules. - -RULE 22.—_When Riders and Drivers are Overweight._—If the bodily weight -of any rider or driver shall be found to exceed that which is prescribed -in the rules, or that which is required by the conditions of the race, -and the overweight shall exceed twenty pounds, it shall be announced -from the stand before the heat; and the judges shall have power, if in -their belief such extra weight was imposed on the horse for an improper -or fraudulent purpose, to substitute another rider or driver of suitable -weight; and if they believe the horse has been prejudiced in the race by -such overweight, he shall not be allowed to start again or continue in -the race, and all outside bets on such horse shall be declared off. [See -also Rule 28.] - -A horse prevented by this rule from continuing in the race shall not be -distanced, but _ruled out_. - -RULE 23.—_Length of Whips._—Riders and drivers will be allowed whips -not to exceed the following lengths: For saddle horses, 2 ft. 10 in,; -sulkies, 4 ft. 8 in.; wagons, 5 ft. 10 in.; double teams, 8 ft. 6 in.; -tandem teams and four-in-hand, unlimited: snappers, not longer than three -inches, will be allowed in addition to the foregoing measurement. - -RULE 24.—_Judges’ Stand._—None but the Judges of the race in progress, -and their assistants, shall be allowed in the Judges’ stand during the -pendency of a heat, except members of the Board of Appeals. - -RULE 25.—_Selection of Judges._—[See also Art. 13 of By-Laws.] In -every exhibition or race, over any course represented in the National -Association, each course for itself, through the proprietor or -association controlling the same, shall choose or authorize the selection -of three (3) competent Judges, for the day or race, who shall understand -the rules of the said National Association, and shall rigidly enforce the -same; and all their decisions shall be subject to and in conformity with -said rules. - -Any person having any interest in, or any bet dependent upon the result -of a race, or having any interest in either of the horses engaged -therein, shall thereby be disqualified and restricted from acting as a -Judge in that race. And if any person who is thus disqualified shall -intentionally and deceptively violate this restriction, he shall, upon -conviction thereof by the Board of Appeals, be adjudged guilty of a -dishonorable act, for which he shall be expelled from every course -represented in said National Association. - -RULE 26.—_Authority of Judges._—The Judges of the day or race shall have -authority, while presiding, to appoint distance and patrol judges and -timers; to inflict fines and penalties, as prescribed by these rules; -to determine all questions of fact relating to the race over which they -preside; to decide respecting any matters of difference between parties -to the race, or any contingent matter which shall arise, such as are not -otherwise provided for in these rules; but all their decisions shall be -in strict conformity with the rules, or with the principles thereof. -They shall have control over the horses about to start, and the riders -or drivers and assistants of the horses, and, in the absence of other -provision in these rules, they shall have authority to punish by a fine -not exceeding $100, or by suspension or expulsion, any such person who -shall fail to obey their orders or the rules. - -RULE 27.—_Distance and Patrol Judges._—In all races of heats there shall -be a Distance Judge appointed by the Judges of the race or by those in -authority, who shall remain in the distance stand during the heats, and -immediately after each heat shall repair to the Judges’ stand and report -to the Judges the horse or horses that are distanced, and all foul or -improper conduct, if any has occurred under his observation. - -Patrol Judges may be similarly appointed, and it shall be their duty -to repair in like manner to the Judges’ stand, and report all foul or -improper conduct, if any has occurred under their observation. - -RULE 28.—_Powers and Duties of Judges._—The Judges shall be in the stand -fifteen minutes before the time for starting the race; they shall weigh -the riders or drivers, and determine the positions of the horses, and -inform each rider or driver of his place, before starting; they may -require the riders and drivers to be properly dressed; they shall be -prepared to take the time of each heat in the race, and they may appoint -some suitable person or persons to assist them in that respect, and the -time so taken shall be recorded and announced in conformity with these -rules. [See also Rules 39 and 40, and Art. 13 of By-Laws.] - -The Judges shall ring the bell, or give other notice, ten minutes -previous to the time announced for the race to come off, which shall be -notice to all parties to prepare for the race at the appointed time, -when all the horses must appear at the stand, ready for the race, and -any rider or driver failing to obey this summons may be punished by a -fine not exceeding $100, or his horse may be ruled out by the Judges -and considered drawn; but in all stakes and matches a failure to appear -promptly at the appointed time shall render the delinquent party liable -to forfeit. - -The result of a heat shall not be announced until the Judges are -satisfied as to the weights of the riders or drivers, and sufficient time -has elapsed to receive the reports of the Distance and Patrol Judges. - -The Judges shall not notice or consider complaints of foul from any -person or persons except the Distance and Patrol Judges appointed by -themselves or by those in authority, and from owners, riders, or drivers -in the race. - -If the Judges believe that a horse is being or has been “pulled,” or -has been ridden or driven in other respects improperly, with a design -to prevent his winning a heat which he was evidently able to win, and -that such act was done on the part of the rider or driver for the -purpose of throwing the race, or to perpetrate or aid a fraud, they -may declare that heat void, and they shall have power to substitute a -competent and reliable rider or driver for the remainder of the race, -who shall be paid a reasonable compensation for his services, but not -to exceed $50; and any professional rider or driver who, without good -and sufficient reason, refuses to be so substituted, may be fined, -suspended, or expelled, by order of the Judges and upon approval of the -Board of Appeals; and if the result and circumstances of the race shall -confirm their belief, the rider or driver so removed shall be expelled -by the Judges. And at the close of the race, if they are warranted under -the foregoing circumstances in deciding that such improper conduct has -changed the result of the race to the prejudice of innocent parties, -they shall declare all outside bets “off,” and if the owner or person or -persons controlling the offending horse shall be a party or parties to -such fraud, he or they, together with the horse, shall be punished by -expulsion. [See also Rules 22 and 48.] - -RULE 29.—_Starting and Keeping Positions._—No rider or driver shall cause -unnecessary delay after the horses are called up, either by neglecting -to prepare for the race in time, or by failing to come for the word, or -otherwise; and in scoring, if the word is not given, all the horses in -the race shall immediately turn, at the tap of the bell or other signal -given, and jog back for a fresh start. But there shall be no recall after -the starting word or signal has been given. _Provided, however_, that if -the Judges shall through any error give signal of recall, _after having -given the word_, DISTANCE shall be waived in that heat, except for foul -riding or driving. - -When the Judges are prevented from giving a fair start by a horse or -horses persistently scoring ahead of others, or being refractory, or from -any other fault of either horse, rider, or driver, it shall be their -duty, after three scorings, to select one of the contending horses, of -average speed compared with the others, and no driver shall come up in -advance of said horse before crossing the score. - -No driver shall be allowed to sponge out his horse or horses oftener than -once in five times scoring. - -If these requirements are not complied with on the part of any rider or -driver, the Judges may not only start the race, or give the word without -regard to the absence or position of the offending party or parties, -but the offender may be punished by a fine not exceeding $100, or by -suspension not to exceed one year. - -In all cases, the starting word or signal shall be given from the Judges’ -stand, and in no instance shall a standing start be given. - -When, through any fault of either horse, rider, or driver, the Judges are -prevented from giving a fair and prompt start, they shall warn the faulty -party of the penalties to which he is subject, and if such warning is not -heeded, they shall rigidly enforce said penalties. - -The horse winning a heat shall take the pole (or inside position) the -succeeding heat, and all others shall take their positions in the order -assigned them in judging the last heat. When two or more horses shall -make a dead heat, the horses shall start for the succeeding heat in the -same positions they occupied at the finish of the dead heat. - -In coming out on the homestretch the foremost horse or horses shall keep -the positions first selected, or be liable to be distanced; and the -hindmost horse or horses, when there is sufficient room to pass on the -inside or anywhere on the homestretch, without interfering with others, -shall be allowed to do so, and any party interfering to prevent him or -them shall be distanced. - -If a horse, in attempting to pass another on the homestretch, should at -any time cross or swerve, so as to impede the progress of a horse behind -him, he shall not be entitled to win that heat. - -Although a leading horse is entitled to any part of the track, except -after selecting his position on the homestretch, he shall not change from -the right to the left, or from the inner to the outer side of the track, -during any part of the race, when another horse is so near him that in -altering his position he compels the horse behind him to shorten his -stride, or causes the rider or driver of such other horse to pull him out -of his stride; neither shall any horse, rider, or driver, cross, jostle, -or strike another horse, rider, or driver, nor swerve or do any other -thing that impedes the progress of another horse; nor shall any horse, in -passing a leading horse, take the track of the other horse so soon after -getting the lead as to cause the horse passed to shorten his stride. - -In any heat wherein there shall be a violation of any of these -restrictions, the offending horse shall not be entitled to win the -heat, and he shall be placed behind all other horses in that heat. And -if the impropriety was intentional on the part of the rider or driver, -the offending horse may be distanced, and the rider or driver shall be -suspended or expelled. [See also Rule 48.] - -RULE 30.—_Horses Breaking._—When any horse or horses break from their -gait in trotting or pacing, their riders or drivers shall at once pull -them to the gait in which they were to go the race, and any party failing -to comply with this requirement, if he come out ahead, shall lose the -heat, and the next best horse shall win the heat; and whether such -breaking horse come out ahead or not, all other horses shall be placed -ahead of him in that heat, and the Judges shall have discretionary power -to distance the offending horse or horses, and the rider or driver may be -punished by a fine not to exceed $100, or by suspension not exceeding one -year. - -Should the rider or driver comply with this requirement, and the horse -should gain by a break, twice the distance so gained shall be taken from -him at the coming out; but this provision must not be so construed as to -shield any trotting or pacing horse from punishment for running. - -In case of any horse (in a trotting race) repeatedly breaking, or -running, or pacing, while another horse is trotting, the Judges shall -punish the horse so breaking, running, or pacing, by placing him last in -the heat, or by distancing him. - -A horse breaking at or near the score shall be subject to the same -penalty as if he broke on any other part of the track. - -RULE 31.—_Relative to Heats and Horses Eligible to Start._—In heats, -one, two, three, or four miles, a horse not winning one heat in three, -shall not start for a fourth, unless such horse shall have made a dead -heat. In heats best three in five, a horse not winning a heat in the -first five shall not start for a sixth, unless said horse shall have -made a dead heat. But where ten or more horses start in a race, every -horse not distanced shall have the right to compete until the race is -completed—subject, however, to all other penalties in these rules. - -RULE 32.—_Dead Heats._—A dead heat shall be counted in the race, and -shall be considered a heat which is undecided only as between the horses -making it, and it shall be considered a heat that is lost by all the -other horses contending therein; and the time made in a dead heat shall -constitute a record for each horse making such dead heat. - -Whenever each of the horses making a dead heat would have been entitled -to terminate the race had he won said dead heat, they only shall start -again; and, in that case, each of the horses thus prevented from starting -shall retain his position in the award of premiums as if said dead heat -had been decided in favor of one of the horses which made the same a -“dead heat.” - -A horse prevented from starting by this rule shall not be distanced, but -ruled out. - -RULE 33.—_Time Between Heats._—The time between heats shall be twenty -minutes for mile heats; and for mile heats best three in five, -twenty-five minutes; and for two-mile heats, thirty minutes; for -three-mile heats, thirty-five minutes; and should there be a race of -four-mile heats, the time shall be forty minutes. - -After the first heat the horses shall be called five minutes prior to the -time of starting. - -RULE 34.—_Time Allowed in Case of Accidents._—In case of accidents, ten -minutes shall be allowed; but the Judges may allow more time when deemed -necessary and proper. - -RULE 35.—_Collision and Break-Down._—In case of collision and break-down, -the party causing the same, whether willfully or otherwise, may be -distanced; and if the Judges find the collision was intentional or to -aid fraud, the driver in fault shall be forthwith suspended or expelled, -and his horse shall be distanced; but, if necessary to defeat fraud, the -Judges may direct the offending horse to start again. - -No horse but the offending one shall be distanced in such a heat, except -for foul driving. - -The Judges in a concluding heat, finding that a collision involved a -fraudulent object, may declare that heat void. [See also Rule 48.] - -RULE 36.—_Placing Horses._—A horse must win a majority of the heats which -are required by the conditions of the race to be entitled to the purse or -stake; but if a horse shall have distanced all competitors in one heat, -the race will then be concluded, and such horse shall receive the entire -purse and stakes contended for. - -When more than one horse remains in the race entitled to be placed at the -finish of the last heat, the second best horse shall receive the second -premium, if there be any; and if there be any third or fourth premium, -etc., for which no horse has won and maintained a specific place, the -same shall go to the winner; _provided_, that the number of premiums -awarded shall not exceed the number of horses which started in the race. - -The foregoing provisions shall always apply, in such cases, unless -otherwise stated in the published conditions of the race. - -In deciding the rank of horses other than the winner, as to second, -third, and fourth places, etc., to be assigned among such as remain -in the race entitled to be placed at the conclusion of the last heat -thereof, the several positions which have been assigned to each horse -so contending shall be considered as to every heat in the race—that is, -horses having won two heats, better than those winning one; a horse that -has won a heat, better than a horse only making a dead heat; a horse -winning one or two heats and making a dead heat, better than one winning -an equal number of heats but not making a dead heat; a horse winning a -heat or making a dead heat and not distanced in the race, better than a -horse that has not won a heat or made a dead heat; a horse that has been -placed “second” twice, better than a horse that has been placed “second” -only once, etc. - -When two or more horses shall be equal in the race at the commencement of -a final heat thereof, they shall rank as to each other as they are placed -in the decision of such final heat. - -In case these provisions shall not give a specific decision as to second -and third money, etc., the Judges of the race are to make the awards -according to their best judgment, but in conformity with the principles -of this rule. - -RULE 37.—_Distances._—In races of mile heats, 80 yards shall be a -distance. In races of two-mile heats, 150 yards shall be a distance. In -races of three-mile heats, 220 yards shall be a distance. In races of -mile heats, best three in five, 100 yards shall be a distance. But if -any association or proprietor shall choose, they can provide, in heats -of not over one mile, wherein eight or more horses contend, to increase -the distance one-half, in which case such change shall be stated in the -published conditions of the race before entry. - -All horses whose heads have not reached the distance-stand as soon as the -leading horse arrives at the winning-post shall be declared distanced, -except in cases otherwise provided for, or the punishment of the leading -horse by setting him back for running, when it shall be left to the -discretion of the Judges. - -A distanced horse is out of the race, and if in any heat one horse shall -distance all competitors the race will then be completed, and the winner -shall be entitled to the entire purse and stakes contended for, unless -otherwise stipulated in the published conditions of the race. - -RULE 38.—_Rank Between Distanced Horses._—Horses distanced in the -first heat of a race shall be equal, but horses that are distanced in -any subsequent heat shall rank as to each other in the order of the -positions to which they were entitled at the start of the heat in which -they were distanced. - -RULE 39.—_Time and its Record._—In every public race the time of each -heat shall be accurately taken and placed in the record, and upon the -decision of each heat the time thereof shall be publicly announced by the -Judges, except as provided in these rules concerning those heats which -are “not awarded to either of the leading horses.” - -It shall be the duty of the Judges of the race to take the time as -aforesaid, or to appoint some suitable person or persons to assist -them in that respect, and no _unofficial_ timing shall be announced or -admitted to the record. [See also Rule 40.] - -RULE 40.—_Two Leading Horses to be Separately Timed._—The two leading -horses shall be separately timed, and if the heat is awarded to either, -his time only shall be announced and be a record. - -In case of a dead heat, the time shall constitute a record for the horses -making the dead heat; and if for any other cause the heat is not awarded -to either of the leading horses, it shall be awarded to the next best -horse, and no time shall be given out by the Judges or recorded against -either horse; and the Judges may waive the application of the rule in -regard to distance in that heat, except for foul riding or driving. - -RULE 41.—_Suppression of Time._—In any public race, if there shall be -any intentional suppression or misrepresentation in either the record or -the announcement of the time of any heat in the race, procured through -any connivance, or collusive arrangement, or understanding between the -proprietor or Judges or Timers and the owner of the winning horse or his -driver or other authorized agent, it shall be deemed fraudulent. And -any horse winning a heat or making a dead heat wherein there was such a -fraudulent suppression of time, together with the parties implicated in -the fraud, shall by operation of the rules be thenceforth expelled. - -RULE 42.—_A Public Race._—Any contest for purse, premium, stake, or -wager, on any course, and in the presence of a Judge or Judges, shall -constitute a public race. - -RULE 43.—_When Time Becomes a Bar._—Time made at fairs and on any track, -whether short or not, shall constitute a bar, the same as if made over a -track that was full measurement. - -RULE 44.—_When Time shall not be a Bar._—Time made under the saddle, as -well as time made when two or more horses are harnessed together, shall -constitute a record for races of the same character, but shall not be a -bar for races of a different character. - -RULE 45.—_Complaints by Riders or Drivers._—All complaints by riders or -drivers, of any foul riding or driving, or other misconduct, must be made -at the termination of the heat, and before the rider or driver dismounts -or leaves his vehicle. - -RULE 46.—_Decorum._—If any owner, trainer, rider, driver, or attendant -of a horse, or any other person, use improper language to the officers -of the course or the Judges in a race, or be guilty of any improper -conduct, the person or persons so offending shall be punished by a fine -not exceeding $100, or by suspension or expulsion. [See also Rule 48.] - -RULE 47.—_Loud Shouting._—Any rider or driver guilty of loud shouting, or -making other improper noise, or of making improper use of the whip during -the pendency of a heat, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $25, or -by suspension during the meeting. [See also Rule 48.] - -RULE 48.—_Fouls._—If any act or thing shall be done by any owner, rider, -driver, or their horse or horses, during any race or in connection -therewith, which these rules define or warrant the Judges in deciding to -be fraudulent or foul, and if no special provision is made in these rules -to meet the case, the Judges shall have power to punish the offender by -fine not to exceed $100, or by suspension or expulsion. And in any case -of foul riding or driving they shall distance the offending horse, unless -they believe such a decision will favor a fraud. - -The term “foul” shall be construed to apply to riding or driving contrary -to rule, to any act of a fraudulent nature, and to any unprincipled -conduct such as tends to debase the character of the trotting turf in the -estimation of the public. [See also Rules 28, 29, 35, 46 and 47.] - -RULE 49.—_Fines._—All persons who shall have been fined under these -rules, unless they pay the fines imposed in full on the day of -assessment, shall be suspended until they are so paid or deposited with -the Treasurer of the National Association. - -All fines which shall be paid to the association or proprietor on whose -grounds they were imposed, shall by them be reported and paid to the -Treasurer of said National Association. - -RULE 50.—_No Compromise of Penalties._—In no case shall there be any -compromise in the manner of punishment prescribed in the rules, but the -same shall be strictly enforced. - -RULE 51.—_Suspensions and Expulsions._—Whenever the penalty of suspension -is prescribed in these rules, if applied to a horse, it shall be -construed to mean a disqualification during the time of suspension -to enter or compete in any race to be performed on the course of the -association or proprietor; and if applied to a person, it shall be -construed to mean a conditional withholding of all right or privilege -to make an entry, or to ride, drive, train, or assist on the course and -grounds of the association or proprietor. - -If no limit is fixed in an order of suspension and none is defined in -the rule applicable to the case, the punishment shall be considered as -limited to the season in which the order was issued. - -Whenever the penalty of expulsion is prescribed in these rules, it shall -be construed to mean unconditional exclusion and disqualification from -any participation in the privileges and uses of the course and grounds of -the association or proprietor. - -No penalty of expulsion shall be removed or modified, except by the order -or upon the approval of the Board of Appeals. - -Whenever either of these penalties has been imposed on any horse -or person, on the grounds of any association or proprietor holding -membership in said National Association, written or printed notice -thereof shall immediately be forwarded to the Secretary of said National -Association, stating the offense and the character of punishment, who -shall at once transmit the information to each associated course or -member; and thereupon the offender thus punished shall suffer the -same penalty and disqualification with each and every association and -proprietor holding membership in said National Association. - -RULE 52.—_Right of Appeal._—Any person who has been subjected to the -penalty of suspension, or a fine, by the decision of the Judges of a -race, can appeal from such decision to the association or proprietor upon -whose grounds the penalty was imposed, and from their decision can appeal -to the Board of Appeals; _provided_, that where the penalty was a fine, -it shall have been previously paid. - -All decisions and rulings of the Judges of any race, and of the several -associations and proprietors belonging to said National Association, may -be appealed to the Board of Appeals, and shall be subject to review by -said Board, upon facts and questions involving the proper interpretation -and application of these rules, and their decisions shall be final; -_provided_, that parties to be affected thereby, shall be notified as the -Board shall direct, of a time and place when such appeal will be acted on -by the Board. - -_Provided further_, if the appeal relate to the decision of a race, -immediate notice shall have been given to the Judges of the race, of the -intention so to appeal. Notices of all other appeals must be given within -one week from the announcement of the decisions appealed. - -Any person who shall appeal from any order suspending him or his horse -for non-payment of entrance money or a fine, may deposit the amount -claimed with the Treasurer of said National Association, who may -thereupon issue a certificate or notice temporarily reinstating or -relieving the party and his horse from such penalty, subject to the final -action of the Board of Appeals. - -RULE 53.—_Age of a Horse—How Reckoned._—The age of a horse shall be -reckoned from the first day of January of the year of foaling. - -RULE 54.—_Colts and Fillies Equally Eligible to Enter._—All colts and -fillies shall be eligible alike to all premiums and stakes for animals of -their age, unless specially excluded by the conditions imposed. - -RULE 55.—_A Green Horse._—A green horse is one that has never trotted or -paced for premiums or money either double or single. - -RULE 56.—_Races made and “No Hour Named.”_—All races shall be started at -3 o’clock P. M., from the 1st day of April to the 15th day of September, -and after that date at 2 o’clock P. M., until the season closes, unless -otherwise provided. - -RULE 57.—_Race made and no Distance Specified._—When a race is made and -no distance specified, it shall be restricted to the following distances, -viz.: One mile and repeat; mile heats, best 3 in 5; two miles and repeat, -or three miles and repeat, and may be performed in harness to wagon, or -under the saddle. - -RULE 58.—_Race made to “Go as they Please.”_—When a race is made to go -as they please, it shall be construed that the performance shall be in -harness, to wagon, or under the saddle; but after the race is commenced -no change shall be made in the mode of going, and the race shall be -deemed to have commenced when the horses appear on the track. - -RULE 59.—_Race made to go “in Harness.”_—When a race is made to go in -harness, it shall be construed to mean that the performance shall be to a -sulky. - -RULE 60.—_Matches made against Time._—When a horse is matched against -time, it shall be proper to allow any other horse to accompany him in the -performance, but not to be harnessed with or in any way attached to him. - -In matches made against time, the parties making the match shall be -entitled to three trials, unless expressly stipulated to the contrary, -which trials shall be had on the same day—the time between trials to be -the same as the time between heats in similar distances. - -RULE 61.—_Horses sold with Engagements._—The seller of a horse sold with -his engagements has not the power of striking him out. - -In case of private sale, the written acknowledgment of the parties that -the horse was sold with engagements, is necessary to entitle the buyer to -the benefit of this rule. - -A true copy from the record. - - D. F. LONGSTREET. Secretary. - - - - -GENERAL INDEX. - - - PAGE. - - AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 11 - - BITS USED IN EDUCATING HORSES ADDICTED TO BAD HABITS: - To prevent a horse getting his tongue over the bit, 251 - Lolling the tongue, 251 - Cure a horse sucking wind, 252 - Dead mouth, 253 - Cure a side-reiner, 253 - - CATTLE, EDUCATION OF: - To educate a cow not to kick while being milked, 327 - To educate a cow to give down her milk, 331 - Practical result of educating cows to give down milk, 335 - To educate cattle to lead behind a wagon, 339 - System of educating steers, 428 - - DIRECTIONS FOR FEEDING AND FITTING THE HORSE, 451 - - DOGS, EDUCATION OF: - To roll a barrel, 411 - To fire a gun, 411 - To pass between your legs, 415 - To jump through hoops, 415 - To stand on chairs, 416 - - DUNBAR SYSTEM OF HORSESHOEING, ETC., 445 - - EDUCATING THE HORSE, SYSTEM OF: - New method of haltering a vicious or wild colt, 161 - Teaching the words “Come here”, 165 - How to lay a horse down, 169 - How to get a horse up that throws himself, 173 - To educate a colt not to be afraid of his heels, 177 - To educate a colt to drive before being harnessed, 181 - How to educate a colt to move his body when he moves his head, 185 - Improved method of bitting colts, 189 - Educating a horse to ride, 193 - Instructions to ride the colt, 197 - To halter-break and hitch a colt in the stall, 201 - To educate the horse not to kick at you when entering the stall, 205 - To educate the horse that kicks or paws in the stable, 209 - To prevent a horse from getting cast in the stall, 213 - To educate a colt to lead behind a wagon, 217 - To educate a horse that is bad to catch, 221 - To educate a horse not to rear, 225 - To educate and prevent a horse from cribbing, 229 - To educate and break a halter-puller, 233 - To educate a horse not to kick when the rein gets under his - tail, 237 - Another method of educating a kicking horse, 241 - To harden a tender-mouthed horse, 244 - To educate the horse bad to groom, 247 - Hugging the pole, 248 - Luggers on the bit, 248 - To educate horses not to fear objects while driving, 257 - First lesson in educating horses not to fear an umbrella, 261 - Second lesson in educating horses not to fear an umbrella, 265 - Horse bad to bridle, 262 - To educate a single-footed horse to trot square, 269 - To educate a pacing horse to trot, 273 - To educate a horse to trot fast, 277 - To educate a horse not to kick while in shafts, 281 - To educate and infuse life into a lazy horse, 287 - To educate a balky horse to draw in double harness, 295 - An easy method of starting a balky horse, 291 - To educate a horse not to kick while being shod, 299 - To educate a horse while standing bad to shoe, 303 - Double hitch educating bridle, 307 - A boon for the blacksmith, 311 - To educate a horse not to be afraid of the cars, 315 - To educate a horse to back at the word of command, 319 - To educate horses or cattle not to jump fences, 323 - To educate a tender-mouthed horse to pull on the bit, 343 - To educate horses not to fear a buffalo robe—illustration and - instructions found between pages, 344 and 345 - To educate and make a horse bad to catch, 399 - - FAST HORSES, RECORD OF, 513 - - HISTORY OF THE HORSE, 141 - - INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS, 345 - - MISCELLANEOUS: - The only practical way of administering medicine to a horse, 423 - To tell a horse’s age, 425 - New method to tell the age, 426 - Sure method of producing a rapid growth in horses’ hoofs, 444 - Corns and their treatment, 459 - Ferren’s steel horseshoe, 362 - Hoof-expanding shoe for contracted feet, 362 - - RECIPES—MANY NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED: - An excellent liniment for sprains, splints or curbs, 270 - A remedy for heaves, 324 - A sure cure for worms in horses, 336 - A cure for colic or gripes, 328 - Cure for spavin, 408 - Cure for windgalls, 408 - Cure for colic, 419 - Cure for heaves—never before published, 336 - Diuretic drops, 284 - Treatment of wounds, 266 - To prevent horses being teased by flies, 304 - An English stable liniment, 266 - Liniment for contracted hoof, 296 - For inflammation of the lungs, 324 - To cure the scratches in the shortest time ever known, 392 - To cure distemper, 404 - To cure hide-bound, 404 - To cure inflamed swellings or lame shoulders, 408 - Ring bone remedy, 270 - Remedy for botts, 266 - Another cure for spavin, 424 - A valuable liniment for sweeny, 316 - Ointment for bruises, scratches, saddle galls, etc., 296 - Nerve and bone liniment, 274 - Sure cure for poll-evil and fistula, 274 - To cure influenza, 496 - Condition powders, 498 - Glanders, 499 - Lock-jaw, 503 - To distinguish between distemper and glanders, 504 - Chronic cough, 505 - Treatment for Rheumatism, 505 - Founder remedy, 506 - Horse ointment, 506 - Magic liniment, 507 - French paste for bone spavin, 508 - How to clean and oil harness, 509 - Physic Ball, 510 - To scatter poll-evil, 511 - Healing salve for abrasion and cuts, 511 - Wash for foul ulcers, 512 - Antispasmodic tincture, 512 - - SHOEING, A TREATISE ON, 431 - To prevent horses interfering, 441 - To prevent overreaching, 443 - - TRICK HORSES: - To educate a horse to mount a pedestal, 367 - To make a horse waltz, 368 - To walk on his hind-feet, 371 - To teach to say “No”, 372 - To teach to go lame, 376 - To teach to be vicious, 379 - To teach to push a vehicle, 375 - To teach to laugh, 380 - To teach to walk on his knees, 383 - To teach to drive a boy off a pedestal, 387 - To teach to make a bow, 388 - To teach to shake hands, 388 - To teach to sit down, 391 - To teach to bore for oil, 395 - To teach to walk upright, 396 - To teach to take handkerchief from his side, 403 - To teach to kiss a boy, 407 - - RULES TROTTING COURSE, REVISED, 521 - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Horse's Friend, by O. 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S. Pratt - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Horse's Friend - The Only Practical Method of Educating the Horse and - Eradicating Vicious Habits - -Author: O. S. Pratt - -Release Date: September 1, 2020 [EBook #63098] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HORSE'S FRIEND *** - - - - -Produced by Julia Miller and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_i"></a>[i]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;" id="illus1"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="450" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">O. S. Pratt</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h1>THE HORSE’S FRIEND.</h1> - -<p class="center">THE ONLY PRACTICAL METHOD<br /> -<span class="smaller">OF</span><br /> -<span class="larger">EDUCATING THE HORSE</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">AND</span><br /> -ERADICATING VICIOUS HABITS,<br /> -<span class="smaller">FOLLOWED BY A VARIETY OF VALUABLE RECIPES, INSTRUCTIONS IN FARRIERY, HORSESHOEING,<br /> -THE LATEST RULES OF TROTTING, AND THE RECORD OF<br /> -FAST HORSES UP TO 1876.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> -<img src="images/horse.jpg" width="300" height="300" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By Prof. O. S. PRATT.</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage">TENTH THOUSAND.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Illustrated by over One Hundred and Forty Elegant Engravings.</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage">BUFFALO:<br /> -PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR.<br /> -1876.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_ii"></a>[ii]</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller">Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1875, by<br /> -O. S. PRATT,<br /> -In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">Entered according to the act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year 1876, by<br /> -O. S. PRATT,<br /> -In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture.</p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller">The Electrotyping, Printing and Binding, by<br /> -<span class="smcap">The Courier Company,</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Buffalo, N. Y.</span></p> - -<p class="center smaller">The Drawing and Engraving, by the<br /> -<span class="smcap">Bureau of Illustration,</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Buffalo, N. Y.</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iii"></a>[iii]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">DEDICATION.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>To His Excellency, <span class="smcap">Ulysses S. Grant</span>, President of the -United States; to the members of the two houses of Congress, -and to the gentlemen connected with Foreign Legations, -who have belonged to my private classes, in connection -with the thousands in all the principal cities and towns of -the United States and Canada, who have been members of -my various classes, this work on <span class="smcap">The Education of The -Horse</span>, is respectfully dedicated. Cheered by their presence, -and encouraged by their approbation during the eight -years in which the author has been engaged in diffusing a -knowledge of his system of Equine Education, their generous -appreciation continues to fill the present with treasured -memories of the past, amongst the most prized of which is -that of the friendship it has been his happiness to secure -from gentlemen distinguished alike in the walks of politics, -religion, science, literature and art.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">The Author.</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iv"></a>[iv]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> - -</div> - -<table summary="List of illustrations"> - <tr> - <td>Portrait of O. S. Pratt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus1">Frontispiece.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The old homestead,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus2">16</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>My first store in Batavia,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus3">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>My second and enlarged store,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus4">26</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gold-headed cane,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus5">51</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gold-mounted whip,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus6">61</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Portrait of Mrs. Pratt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus7">78</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Washington gold medal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus8">82</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bridgeport Academy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus9">94</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nahant Beach residence,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus10">100</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lewiston Academy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus11">108</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Music box,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus12">120</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Silver tea-service,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus13">130</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New method of haltering a wild colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus14">160</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate to the words “Come here”,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus15">164</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>How to lay a horse down,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus16">168</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>How to get a horse up that throws himself,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus17">172</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a colt not to be afraid of his heels,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus18">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a colt to drive before being harnessed,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus19">180</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a colt to move his body and head,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus20">184</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Improved method of bitting a colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus21">188</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Educating the colt to ride,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus22">192</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Instructions to ride the colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus23">196</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To halter-break a colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus24">200</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to kick in the stable,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus25">204</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to paw or kick in the stable,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus26">208</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to get cast in the stall,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus27">212</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v"></a>[v]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a colt to lead behind a wagon,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus28">216</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse bad to catch,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus29">220</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to rear,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus30">224</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate and prevent a horse from cribbing,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus31">226</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate and break a halter-puller,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus32">232</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to kick when line gets under his tail,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus33">236</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to kick,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus34">240</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse bad to groom,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus35">246</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bits used in educating horses,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus36">250</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate horses not to fear objects when driving,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus37">256</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to fear an umbrella,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus38">260</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Second lesson,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus39">264</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a single-footed horse to trot square,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus40">268</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a pacing horse to trot,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus41">272</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to trot,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus42">276</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to kick while in shafts,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus43">280</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a lazy horse and infuse life into him,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus44">286</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To start a balky horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus45">290</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a balky horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus46">294</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to kick while being shod,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus47">298</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse while standing bad to shoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus48">302</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Double-hitch Bonaparte bridle,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus49">306</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Controlling a horse bad to shoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus50">310</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse not to fear the cars,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus51">314</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to back at the word of command,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus52">318</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate horses or cattle not to jump fences,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus53">322</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a cow not to kick while being milked,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus54">326</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a cow to let her milk down,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus55">330</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Practical results of foregoing education,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus56">334</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate cattle to lead behind a wagon,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus57">338</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a tender-mouthed horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus58">342</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate horses not to fear a buffalo robe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus59">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Patent steel and hoof-expanding shoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus60">362</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi"></a>[vi]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to mount a pedestal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus61">366</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to walk on his hind feet,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus62">370</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to push a vehicle,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus63">376</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to be vicious,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus64">378</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to walk on his knees,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus65">382</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to drive a boy off the pedestal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus66">386</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to sit down,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus67">390</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to bore for oil,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus68">394</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>A sure method of making a horse bad to catch,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus69">398</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to take a handkerchief from his side,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus70">402</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To educate a horse to kiss a boy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus71">406</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>System of educating dogs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus72">410</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Another illustration of educating dogs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus73">414</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Curing colic in horses,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus74">418</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The only practical way to give a horse medicine,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus75">422</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New method of telling the horse’s age,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus76">426 and 427</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To prevent horses from interfering or overreaching,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus77">440</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Paring the hoof,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus78">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Long foot before treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus79">452</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Long foot after treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus80">453</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Coffin-bone,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus81"> 454</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fitting a shoe to remove pressure from the heel,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus82">456</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Instructions respecting the feet,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus83">457</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Contracted foot after treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus84">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Expanding the foot after it has been pared out,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus85">461</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lateral quarter-crack before treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus86">462</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Quarter-crack under treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus87">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Straight quarter-crack under treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus88">464</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Quarter-crack after treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus89">467</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe crack before treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus90">468</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe crack after treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus91">473</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Four engravings showing thrush and pumice foot,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus92">474</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hoof-bound, under treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus93">475</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii"></a>[vii]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Overgrowth of hoof,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus94">479</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Overgrowth of hoof—front view before treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus95">480</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Overgrowth of hoof—front view after treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus96">481</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Navicula—enlargement of metacarpal bone,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus97">482</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Showing how to find enlargement of metacarpal bone,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus98">488</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>A foot that is deprived of the free use of the back tendons,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus99">490</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ossified growth of upper and lower pastern joint,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus100">491</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The sensitive frog,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus101">492</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Section of the pastern and other bones,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus102">494</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_viii"></a>[viii]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">TABLE OF CONTENTS.</h2> - -</div> - -<table summary="Contents"> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER I.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Introduction—Early Life—Thirst for Knowledge—First Attempts in - Business—Success—Marriage,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">11</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER II.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Enlarging Business—Attachment to the Horse—Visits to Batavia of - Rarey and Hamilton—My own System—Coming before the Public—Early - Success,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">24</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER III.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Visit to Montrose—Large Class at Scranton—Diploma—Wilkesbarre—Enthusiastic - Reception—Complimentary Notice—Testimonial,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER IV.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Across the Mountains—Easton—Hamburg—Lancaster—Testimonials—Westchester—Diploma—Philadelphia—Class - of 2,523—Cane,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">41</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER V.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>York—Port Deposit—Baltimore—Success—Diploma—Getting Whipped—Class - of 3,500,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">56</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_ix"></a>[ix]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER VI.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Washington—A Large Class—The President a Pupil—The White House—Halls - of Congress—Diploma—Dr. Newman’s Address—Gold - Medal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER VII.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Annapolis—Delaware—New Jersey—New York State—The Great - Emporium—Chicago in Flames,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">84</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER VIII.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bridgeport—Fall of Academy—Providence—Boston—Class of 3,000—Lynn—Purchase - of a Residence—Portland—Bangor,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">95</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER IX.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lewiston—Educating the Horse “Anfield”—Testimonial—Concord—Manchester—A - Steam Engine in the Ring—Lowell—Lawrence,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">104</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER X.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tour in Canada—Montreal—Class of 1,000—Victoria Bridge—Cathedral—Quebec—Ottawa—Kingston—Detroit—Diploma—Valuable - Testimonial—Simcoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">113</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">CHAPTER XI.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toronto—“British Ensign”—Diploma—Silver Tea-Set—Hamilton—Belleville—Diploma—Picton,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">124</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_x"></a>[x]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tp"><span class="smcap">History of the Horse</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg tp"><a href="#HISTORY_OF_THE_HORSE">141</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Directions for Feeding and Fitting Horses</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#DIRECTIONS_FOR_FEEDING_AND_FITTING">154</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">System of Educating the Horse</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#SYSTEM_OF_EDUCATING_THE_HORSE">161</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Intelligence of Animals</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#INTELLIGENCE_OF_ANIMALS">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Trick Horses</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#TRICK_HORSES">363</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Educating Dogs</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#EDUCATING_DOGS">411</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Miscellaneous</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#MISCELLANEOUS">419</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Training Steers</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#TRAINING_STEERS">428</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Treatise on Horseshoeing</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#TREATISE_ON_HORSESHOEING">431</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Dunbar System of Horseshoeing</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#AN_EXPOSITION">445</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Recipes</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#RECIPES">496</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Record of Fast Horses up to 1876</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#RECORD_OF_FAST_HORSES_FOR_1875">513</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Revised Rules of Trotting Course</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#RULES_AND_REGULATIONS">521</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">AUTOBIOGRAPHY.</h2> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">INTRODUCTION—EARLY LIFE—THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE—FIRST -ATTEMPTS IN BUSINESS—SUCCESS—MARRIAGE.</p> - -</div> - -<p>In the social interchanges of life it is always -pleasant to possess some knowledge of the antecedent -history of the ones we meet; to know -who and what they are; while to one who feels -that there is something in his own career not -unworthy of notice, there is a satisfaction in -recounting the steps by which his success has -been attained; especially, if in gaining it he has -been called to contend with difficulties and -vanquish obstacles which opposed his progress. -Such narratives may prove helps and encouragements, -as they show what energy and perseverance -have achieved, and thus stimulate others -to stronger and more successful endeavors.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -This was taught by the greatest of our American -poets in his well-known lines:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Lives of great men all remind us</div> - <div class="verse indent2">We may make our lives sublime;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And, departing, leave behind us</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Foot-prints on the sands of time.”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Although few men may lay claim to greatness -in its military, political or literary sense, there is -something in every earnest life which will interest -and instruct other men, and which may prove -an assistance to some, who, with failing hearts -are engaged in life’s stern battle. With this -brief explanation of his design, the author of -the following pages trusts to receive the favorable -attention of his readers as he proceeds to -recount the leading incidents of a somewhat -eventful career.</p> - -<p>I was born in the town of Darien, Genesee -County, in the State of New York, on the -seventh day of December, A. D. 1835. There, -amidst the quiet and elevating influences of -nature, the bright days of my infancy and childhood<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -were passed, until my boyhood’s days were -over, and my fifteenth year of life was reached.</p> - -<p>My father owned the farm on which we lived, -besides being the proprietor of several mills, and, -like many other purely practical men, he had a -higher appreciation of material than of intellectual -advantages. As a consequence, he was -more desirous that I should early engage in the -active business of the farm, than that I should -employ hours, which might be made profitable -in work, in studies which paid no immediate -profit.</p> - -<p>At the age of eight years I was often sent -after the cows, barefooted, and a distance of -nearly a mile through the woods, coming home -after the shades of night had fallen, and being -obliged to trace my way by following the cows -in the narrow path made by them. Day after -day, in my great desire to secure an education, -I would beg my father to send me to school, but -always he had work for me to do, and thus my -endeavors were foiled. But such was my determination -to secure an education, that I resolved,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -at all hazards, to go to school, and often did I -jump from my bed-room window and run a distance -of half a mile to the school-house. My -greatest ambition was to be a merchant, and I -knew that I must procure at least a limited -scholastic education to enable me to succeed in -my anticipated calling. But, while I was laying -my youthful plans for the future, my father would -lay plans for work, and often, on returning at -night from school, I would hide in the barn -till after dark, dreading the punishment which -awaited me for having gone to school in place -of working.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus2"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE OLD HOMESTEAD, DARIEN, GENESEE CO., N. Y.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - -<p>At the age of ten years I have taken a team, -gone alone into the woods and loaded saw-logs -on a sleigh, using the horses to draw up the logs. -As my father owned a saw-mill as well as a farm, -it seemed to him necessary that every effort -should be put forth to keep both branches of -business going; therefore, no time was allotted -to his children for securing an education. Many -times have I approached him, timidly and with -tears, humbly requesting to be allowed to go to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -school, when, instead of responding to my desire, -he would send me to the saw-mill to work; and -at the age of twelve or thirteen I ran the mill -alone, though, while doing so, I have had to -mount on the lever and load it with extra weight, -as I was not heavy enough to raise the water-gate. -Thus I labored on from month to month, -until I was fourteen, in the meantime going but -little to school. Many times I would lay plans -to run away, believing that I could do for myself, -and make my own mark in the world.</p> - -<p>Money, in those times and in that region, was -not plentiful, and I was early taught its value, a -lesson of great practical value to a youth who -has to hew his own path through life. Many -times I have traveled miles on a special errand for -a neighbor, or for some traveler, and received as -compensation a single penny. Money, so hardly -acquired, was not to be expended lightly, and -I saved my little earnings till the accumulated -sum amounted to four dollars. This seemed -to me like quite a fortune. I now felt myself to -be a capitalist, and, naturally, the desire to use<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -my riches to advantage led me to seek some -profitable investment which would increase my -wealth. My earliest speculation was the purchase -of a gun; but after the first pleasure of -its possession had passed, I saw my mistake in -having expended money for something that -would yield me no increase, and began to look -around for an opportunity to retrieve my error. -Soon a chance occurred for me to trade the gun -off for a cow. I saw there was “money in it,” -and closed the bargain, thus turning my first -mistake into a profitable investment. Having -become the owner of a cow, my ambition was -awakened to increase my stock, and I kept my -attention fixed in that direction until I was the -sole proprietor of three cows. I had now entered -on my fifteenth year, and having learned -one day, in conversing with my father, that his -intention was soon to sell his farm and stock, -and remove to the Far West, I proposed to him -to allow me to carve my own way in the world. -I felt ambitious to strike out for myself, and -“paddle my own canoe.” To this my father consented,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -when, after selling my cows and receiving -the money, with all my fortune in my pockets, I -bade farewell to the parental roof and its many -pleasant associations, looking for the last time -upon the</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Old family Bible that lay on the stand,”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">and taking that decisive step by which I was to -become the architect of my own fortune.</p> - -<p>Having an uncle who resided in the town of -Byron, I turned my steps in that direction, and -for the ensuing winter found a home beneath his -roof. During that season I devoted myself to -study, attending the village school under the -superintendence of Mr. Bennum, whom I greatly -esteemed, and whose many acts of kindness linger -in my memory to the present hour.</p> - -<p>On the opening of spring my thoughts turned -towards commercial life, and I devoted my time -to becoming better acquainted with various business -avocations, intending to adopt some profitable -employment. After reflecting well, I took -the money I had accumulated and with it purchased<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -a horse, wagon, and harness. Then, -through the kindness of a dear friend, who became -responsible for me, I was loaned one hundred -dollars, and with this as my working capital -I commenced traveling over the country, buying -produce and shipping it to Buffalo and New -York.</p> - -<p>I continued in this business until the year -1855, when, having arrived at the age of twenty, -I began to think of enlarging my operations. -Influenced by this desire, I directed my course -to the beautiful and flourishing town of Batavia, -where I secured a store and became a dealer in -all kinds of produce, shipping it, as before, to -Buffalo and New York.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus3"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">FIRST STORE IN BATAVIA, N. Y.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span></p> - -<p>The cut here given is an accurate representation -of my first place of business, and speaks for -itself in regard to the size and general appearance -of the place. It was, however, as it proved, -insufficient for the business which flowed in upon -me and increased so greatly that soon I found it -necessary to secure larger and more commodious -premises. At the time of doing this I determined<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -to still further extend my business by -opening a wholesale and retail grocery and provision -store. Fortune smiled on my endeavors, -and all evidences encouraged the belief that I -was on the direct road to wealth.</p> - -<p>Having thus attained a good position in business, -my mind began to make excursions in -another direction. The wisest of men has said -that “Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing,” -and, having a natural liking for “a good thing,” I -found my thoughts led to the important subject -of marriage, until I finally determined to try the -experiment of trading in the matrimonial market. -After thus deciding, it took me but a short time -to reach the important object contemplated, for, -it would seem, I was specially directed in my -course. I formed the acquaintance of Miss -Northrop, an estimable and accomplished young -lady, the only daughter of the late Dr. Northrop, -and soon the fair one was led to the hymeneal -altar and became the wife and partner of O. S. -Pratt.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">ENLARGING BUSINESS—ATTACHMENT TO THE HORSE—VISITS TO BATAVIA -OF RAREY AND HAMILTON—MY OWN SYSTEM—GOING BEFORE -THE PUBLIC—EARLY SUCCESSES.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Having now made myself a home and feeling -permanently settled, I desired to still further -increase my business, but finding my capital -somewhat too limited for the amount I wished -to transact, I sought assistance from an esteemed -friend, Elandus Dotey, Esq., banker. The aid -I sought was given with a cheerfulness that -added to its value, and enabled me to carry into -execution the plans which I had formed. The -accommodations I received frequently amounted -to from ten thousand to twenty-five thousand -dollars, thus placing ample means in my hands -for extended operations and enabling me to do -a large and remunerative business in which I -continued up to the year eighteen hundred and -sixty-seven.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus4"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BRICK STORE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span></p> - -<p>During these business years in Batavia my -attachment for that noble animal, the horse, -gradually increased, and learning that a horse -trainer by the name of Rarey, intended visiting -the town, I was one of the first to seek for and -obtain what knowledge I could from him; but -finding his system to be not at all practical, I -applied myself to the investigation of the subject, -and began experimenting with a view to the -discovery of a better, simpler and more certain -system.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span></p> - -<p>Some years later it was rumored that a gentleman -named R. P. Hamilton, who was self-announced -as “the great renowned horse trainer,” -would give instruction on the subject. He soon -made his appearance, and, with others, I attended -his lectures. Mr. Hamilton advanced some valuable -ideas which I gladly adopted and added to -my former knowledge, and when I had grasped -all that was valuable in his instructions, and -united it to the results of my own experiments, -I felt assured that, ere long, I should reach the -height of my ambition and develop a system of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -educating the horse far in advance of anything -then known, and by which my name would be -handed down to coming generations as one who, -more than any other, had befriended that noble -but greatly abused animal. Often in my retired -moments my thoughts would go forward to the -time when I should be able to present my perfected -system to the public, and as I looked -down the vista of time to the period when I -should announce my system, my mind pictured -to itself the success I since have realized. I was -fully conscious of its value to the world, and -thousands have since then freely acknowledged -the practicability and excellence of my system -of educating the horse.</p> - -<p>In the autumn of eighteen hundred and sixty-seven -I felt myself sufficiently master of my -new and unequaled system to commit myself -unreservedly to its public advocacy: so, after -selling out my stock in trade, I made my preparations -to travel for the purpose of bringing -it before the world. Previous to leaving Batavia -I had purchased from a perambulating horse<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -dealer my favorite horse, “Tom Thumb,” then -partly trained.</p> - -<p>Feeling now tolerably well equipped, I came -before the public with my new and perfect system, -confident that it needed only to be known -to be welcomed with pleasure by every intelligent -friend of the horse. In the month of -January, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, I -made my debut at the town of Geneva, erecting, -at considerable cost, an academy for the exhibition -of my system of training. My success was -immediate; friends and well-wishers clustered -about me; the hand of encouragement was extended -on every side, and in a little while my -class in that place numbered seventy-five members. -The reader can scarcely conceive the -feelings of gratification that were excited in my -breast by such prompt and flattering success. -It confirmed my own judgment of the superiority -of my system, and inspired a full confidence in -its success.</p> - -<p>After leaving Geneva, I visited the pleasant -town of Waterloo, where I built another academy<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -and formed a class of about eighty members, -whose hearty appreciation of the ideas embodied -in my system of training afforded me great -pleasure.</p> - -<p>Leaving that place, I next proceeded to the -beautiful village of Penn Yan, where also I built -an academy and met with brilliant success, my -class numbering over ninety members.</p> - -<p>Such gratifying success, and at so early a -period, was very encouraging to me. Both myself -and my system were new to the public, and, -coming before them almost unheralded and -without the prestige of great names to give it -support, its progress and the general approval -it met, could be attributed only to its own merits, -which were everywhere conceded.</p> - -<p>The next point visited by me was the beautiful -and highly picturesque village called Watkins, -so well and widely known to pleasure-seekers as -an attractive summer resort; its famous “Glen” -having an almost national reputation for romantic -beauty. Here I formed an interesting class of -about sixty persons, many of whom gave unmistakable<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -evidences of confidence in the superiority -of my rapidly spreading system for rightly -educating the horse.</p> - -<p>Cheered by my continued success, I pursued -my journey to the city of Ithaca, where I built -an academy much larger than any I had previously -erected. Here I remained about a week, -and had the pleasure of forming a class of one -hundred persons.</p> - -<p>Finding it somewhat inconvenient to build -academies in many places, I now purchased -canvas for a movable tent, which I had constructed, -and this I carried from place to place, -erecting academies only where my tent was -insufficient to accommodate the audiences. On -the fourth of July I pitched my tent at the city -of Elmira, and soon had the satisfaction of -enrolling the names of one hundred and fifty -persons, who eagerly sought information, and -expressed the greatest gratification with the -instruction they had received.</p> - -<p>After this, I continued my tour, exhibiting -and lecturing in many towns and villages during<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -that summer and the autumn following. My -success was everywhere of the most gratifying -character, and exceeded my most sanguine expectations.</p> - -<p>In bringing my system to the attention of the -public, I employed that great engine of power, -the Press to call attention alike to the cruelty of -most of the previous modes of training the -horse, and the superiority of my new and rational -system. As an illustration of this, it may not -be out of place to give a single one of my many -addresses to the public through the medium of -the press:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Professor O. S. Pratt to the Public.</span>—Probably -not one person in a thousand has any adequate idea of -the wonderful intelligence displayed by the noblest of -the brute creation, the horse. Patient, affectionate, sensitive -and faithful, possessing wonderful powers of endurance -and a capacity for education far exceeding any animal extant, -a study of his characteristics is ennobling, and commands -the attention of every intelligent person. But how -often do we see him abused, through ignorance, compelled -to draw tremendous loads for hours on a stretch, whipped, -clubbed, and cursed, until patience ceasing to be a virtue, -and through sheer exhaustion, panting, trembling, and discouraged,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -he stops to breathe, and men call him balky, apply -the whip again, put sand in his ears, gravel in his mouth, -twist his tail, and goad him to desperation by a system of -barbarous inflictions unworthy of even the first stages of -civilization. Trotting over slippery pavements, imperfectly -shod, twitched to the right or left as a sudden emergency -seems to demand, he stumbles and falls. No compassion is -excited by this mishap. Hastily assisted to arise, and reharnessed, -crack goes the whip. O, lash him, cut him, until -the great ridges of swollen flesh stand out upon his back to -testify to man’s superiority over the brute. Left standing -for hours while the master attends to business or pleasure, -impatient to change his position, he starts before the man is -comfortably seated in the vehicle; crack again goes the -whip, until his nerves are strung to their highest tension.</p> - -<p>Crazed almost beyond endurance, he leaps forward, suddenly -a bolt gives way, something strikes his heels, he -becomes frightened, and then, “O! he’s a runaway!” Confined -in a dungeon, poorly ventilated, called a stable, -improperly fed, driven fast, compelled to draw heavy loads, -with very little attention paid to his requirements, it is a -wonder that he lives even a year. The question naturally -arises, Why is this? Simply because the great masses of -humanity are ignorant of the disposition of the horse. They -do not understand how to manage or educate him. They do -not think and therefore do not care. Now any one who -succeeds in ameliorating the condition of this noble animal, -is a public benefactor, deserving of the highest praise. -Prof. O. S. Pratt has made this the study of his life. Slowly,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -but steadily, he has progressed in his investigations respecting -the management of the horse, until the press, the pulpit -and the public acknowledge him to be the “Great Horse -Educator of the World.” In fact he rules the horse by a -system so comprehensive, and at the same time so simple, -that a child of ordinary intelligence can understand it. -His pupils are numbered by the thousand in almost every -State, and they all endorse the system heartily. No matter how -badly the horse has been abused, no matter how disagreeable -his disposition may be, no matter if he kicks, strikes, bites, -or is a runaway, in a few minutes the most delicate lady or -timid child can manage him with ease by using Prof. Pratt’s -system. Ladies and gentlemen throughout the land! nearly -every one has had a friend or relative injured or killed by -some unmanageable horse. It is within the power of every -person to prevent a like occurrence. “Knowledge is power.” -Do not neglect the opportunity of acquiring this knowledge. -We ask it in no selfish spirit. We urge it that a recurrence -of the accidents that are every day filling our land with sorrow -may be prevented.</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">VISIT TO MONTROSE—LARGE CLASS AT SCRANTON—DIPLOMA—WILKESBARRE—ENTHUSIASTIC -RECEPTION—COMPLIMENTARY NOTICE—TESTIMONIAL.</p> - -</div> - -<p>As the winter had now set in I found it -necessary, on reaching the beautiful town of -Montrose, to lay aside my tent. At this place I -received so enthusiastic a reception that I was -induced to erect a large academy, of capacity -sufficient to contain at least one thousand persons. -I remained at Montrose about three -weeks, my efforts meeting with such appreciation -that my class numbered five hundred and two -persons, amongst whom were many who became -my warm friends, and whose cordial greetings -and good wishes attended me on my departure -from the town.</p> - -<p>My course next led me to the flourishing city -of Scranton, at which place I received a cordial -reception, and formed the acquaintance of many -noble-hearted men. I at once entered on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -duties of my profession, and early found that -my system was appreciated, the class which I -here gathered numbering four hundred and four -members. On the last day of my stay in Scranton -my class presented me with what I may -justly call a diploma, in the following complimentary -language:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>The undersigned, citizens of Scranton, Luzerne County, -Pa., take this method of assuring all whom it may concern -of the practicability, as well as the certainty, with which the -most vicious and dangerous habits so common to the horse -can be overcome by Prof. O. S. Pratt’s system of training, -in evidence of which we cite but one or two of the numerous -cases which have come under our observation as members -of his class: A kicking horse, owned by Jos. Utley, -of Greenfield, and brought twenty-two miles, was handled -about twenty-five minutes, after which he was driven from -the arena with the vehicle rattling behind his heels. This -horse would bite, strike and kick. A vicious mule, that -could not be shod, and had to be brought to him by force, -being chained between two other mules, after being handled -by the Professor about forty minutes, was perfectly subdued, -and his feet could be handled with safety. On the last day -of his exhibition here, a horse ran away near the amphitheatre, -who proved to be a most ferocious kicker. The owner -was induced by a number of his class to let the Professor -handle him, and after twenty minutes’ training he was driven<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -out of the tent, the whole length of the street, with the cart -rattling against his heels, without manifesting the slightest -disposition to repeat his unruly conduct.</p> - -<p>These, and numerous other evidences, we think, are sufficient -to entitle Prof. Pratt to the encouragement and patronage -of all interested in the management of the horse.</p> - -</div> - -<p>This testimonial was followed by the names -of seventy-six prominent members of the class, -headed by the mayor of the city, Hon. E. S. M. -Hill, and embracing many of the leading citizens -of Scranton.</p> - -<p>After leaving that thriving city, I passed over -a beautiful country for a distance of twenty-five -miles, until I reached the town of Wilkesbarre, -situated in the Susquehanna Valley. Through -this city flows one of the most beautiful of all -the charming rivers which adorn our land. The -pencil of the artist and the pen of the tourist -have often been employed in sketching its picturesque -charms and extolling its matchless -beauty. At this important town my success surpassed -any previously attained. The exhibitions -of my power over the horse, and of my simple<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -yet certain method of instructing and controlling -him created wide-spread interest and excitement. -Ministers, doctors and lawyers, together -with others of the most respectable classes of -society, thronged my academy. The press resounded -with the praises of my system, and with -many who learned my plan of educating the -horse the interest rose to enthusiasm. A leading -paper of the place, referring to my consenting -to prolong my visit, used the following -language:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Prof. Pratt announces that he will remain in this place two -weeks longer, agreeably to the wishes of the very large class -which he has formed here. The Professor’s success in this -county has been of a most gratifying character, and yet not -more than has been fully deserved. In Waverly his class -numbered one hundred and twenty-nine in five days; Scranton -furnished a class of four hundred and one in thirteen -days, and Wilkesbarre, thus far, has given him three hundred -and twenty-three seekers after information in relation to the -horse and his management. The Professor is a perfect -adept in the art which he assumes to teach.</p> - -</div> - -<p>As that article announced, in view of the popular -interest, I prolonged my stay in Wilkesbarre,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -and I have the pleasant recollection that -over <span class="allsmcap">FIVE HUNDRED</span> persons there secured the -knowledge of properly educating the horse, and -before taking my leave I was presented with a -diploma that would have cheered the heart of a -statesman. The following, from A. Ricketts, -Esq., will show how even incredulity was convinced, -and strongly-rooted prejudices were overcome:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Wilkesbarre, Pa.</span>, <i>April 23, 1869</i>.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: Permit me to introduce Prof. O. S. Pratt, -teacher of doubtless the best system of horse-training yet -discovered, and to add my unqualified recommendation of -the same to any of you that may care to know how to be -master of the horse. When Prof. Pratt first came here, I, -in common with others, passed and repassed his amphitheatre -daily, thinking no more of it than that it was something -pertaining to horse-jockeyship, and therefore did not think -it worth while to turn aside to see the “free exhibition” he -advertised; but one day the representations of a friend induced -me to purchase a ticket for his instructions. I was -at once so impressed with the utility of the system that I advised -all my friends to become members of his class. The -satisfaction expressed by all gave me full reason to be glad -that I had adopted this course, which, by the way, was -adopted on the principle of doing to others as I would<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -they should do to me. I thought I had found a good thing, -and wished others to share it. It is upon the same principle -that I write this letter, for I know of nothing so well calculated -to prevent cruelty to this excellent animal, the horse, -as the general diffusion of the knowledge of his proper management. -The simplicity and practicability of Prof. Pratt’s -system are among its chief recommendations, being such -that any ordinary man of common-sense can practice it as -well as the Professor, and without costly appliances. Our -best and leading men here became members of his class, -and I have heard but one opinion, and that of approbation.</p> - -<p>You will find Prof. Pratt courteous and gentlemanly, and, -should you become a member of his class, I doubt not you -will agree with me that the trifling cost of his tickets is a -very small consideration for the benefits received.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Very respectfully</i>,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">A. Ricketts</span></p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS—EASTON—HAMBURG—LANCASTER—TESTIMONIALS—WESTCHESTER—DIPLOMA—PHILADELPHIA—CLASS -OF 2,523—CANE.</p> - -</div> - -<p>It was now my purpose to pursue my journey -eastward, in order to do which it was necessary -for me to cross a wild and mountainous tract of -country, fifty miles in extent; but, inspirited by -my success and the good fortune which hitherto -had attended my way, I entered on the journey -with a stout and hopeful heart, attended by my -men and horses. Before traveling many miles -we reached the foot of Pokeno Mountain, and as -I gazed upon the distant heights which stood -out against the sky, I could see that the elevation -extended a distance of at least ten miles. -Up the rough road and along steep acclivities -we pressed on until, when the summit was -reached, I found a keen appetite had been awakened -by the mountain air and exercise, and I -sought for some abode of man where we might<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -secure rest and food for man and beast. Keeping -up the search, after a few miles, I discovered -a rude old log house, quite in keeping with the -wild region through which we were passing. -Approaching the door, I knocked for admission, -when it was opened by an old veteran of seventy -winters, who invited us to enter. After making -known my wants, he assured me that they should -be supplied as best he could, and at once he -summoned the hostess who, though like himself, -advanced in years, moved across the rustic floor -with almost youthful agility, manifesting a disposition -to relieve our hunger without delay. -We partook of the repast she spread with appetites -quickened by the pure mountain air, and, -when the meal was over, after rewarding them -for the hospitality they had displayed, we resumed -our journey through dreary solitudes and -along the rough mountain roads until, at length, -we reached the city of Easton, in the State of -Pennsylvania.</p> - -<p>This beautiful little city is situated near the -Delaware River, and is an enterprising and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -flourishing place. The inhabitants are chiefly -Germans, or descendants from that stock. Here -we pitched our tent and met with good success, -my class numbering over one hundred persons.</p> - -<p>From Easton we continued our journey, -through valleys and over hills, reaching Harrisburg, -the capital of Pennsylvania, quite late in -the evening; the silver moon shedding her light -upon us as we moved along, made our journey -pleasant and lighted our way to the city. Here -again we planted our stakes, pitched our tent -and announced our intention of giving a public -exhibition and of imparting instruction to those -who desired, and once more I met with a hearty -response from the public. It was at the time of -the annual State Fair, and thousands from all -parts of the commonwealth had gathered. Taking -advantage of the occasion to display the -results of my system of training, I built a platform, -elevated about ten feet above the ground, -led my horses up a rude stairs, made for the -occasion, and exhibited my trained animals to -the gaze and admiration of thousands of wondering<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -spectators. Here I formed a class of -over one hundred and fifty.</p> - -<p>My next effort was made at Lancaster, a city -of no small magnitude or interest, as I there -formed a class of nearly two hundred, the major -portion of whom were Germans, or of German -descent. On the last day of my stay in that -city I received a testimonial from a leading -banker of the place, which I give below:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Lancaster, Pa.</span>, <i>October 16, 1869</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt</span>:</p> - -<p><i>Dear Sir</i>: I take pleasure in testifying to the success of -your system of controlling vicious horses as applied to my -colt. Since you handled and drove him without backing-strap, -I have driven him twice without his showing the least -fear or disposition to return to his dangerous habit of -kicking.</p> - -<p>I believe you have perfectly taught him to work without -kicking, and that he will not forget the impression your -treatment made on him. Your system is so easily learned -and can be so quickly applied, that it is the owner’s fault if -his balky, runaway, or kicking horse, ever forgets what you, -<i>or any member of your class can teach him in half an hour</i>.</p> - -<p>Every one who owns or drives a horse ought to join -your class.</p> - -<p class="center">Yours,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">B. J. McGraun</span>,<br /> -President First National Bank.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span></p> - -<p>I next stopped at a nice country town called -Westchester, the inhabitants of which seemed -alive to the great cause I had espoused, as my -class there numbered two hundred and fifty. I -was happily surprised, just before leaving, by -receiving a diploma which greatly cheered, at -the same time that it stimulated, me to add more -and more to my store of knowledge.</p> - -<p>Having now had two years’ experience in the -practice of my system, my confidence in it, and -its superiority over any other known system, -was so thoroughly established that I had no fear -of submitting it to any test nor of subjecting it -to any criticism. I, therefore, decided upon visiting -the great city of Philadelphia. I fortified -myself as best I could, and on the 28th of -November, 1869, I made my <i>debut</i> there. Whatever -solicitude I might have felt would have -been speedily removed by the cordial and flattering -reception I received from the people of -the Quaker City. One academy being insufficient -to accommodate those who flocked to listen -to my instructions, I built a second, and as the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -time rolled on and my success constantly enlarged, -I felt as if the summit of my ambition -had been almost attained. The limit of time I -had fixed for remaining was one month, but as -the end of that period drew near I was strongly -solicited by many friends to extend my visit, to -which, as the interest was daily augmenting, I -consented. Month after month passed, during -which time my class was constantly increasing -until, by the close of the fourth month, it had -swelled to the number of four thousand eight -hundred and eighty-six members! At the end -of that time my preparations were made to -depart, but I was not allowed to leave before -receiving the most conclusive and gratifying evidence -of the high estimation which my system -had secured and of the friendship I had been -so fortunate as to win.</p> - -<p>The evening of the 21st of February, 1870, -had arrived; a free exhibition of the power and -beauty of my system was in progress in the great -tent, when, most unexpectedly to myself, Elmer -Ruan Coates, Esq., a well-known citizen and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -poet of Philadelphia, entered the ring. This -seeming intrusion on the business of the evening -somewhat surprised me, while, as I turned -towards him, every eye in the vast assembly was -fixed on the well-known poet who, cane in hand, -advanced towards me. A brief moment of suspense -ensued, during which the question which -ran through every mind was “what does it -mean?” Then, amidst the profound silence -which prevailed, Mr. Coates held up to view the -magnificent, gold-headed cane he carried and, in -an eloquent address, presented the elaborately-chased -and beautiful testimonial as a memento -given by my Philadelphia class.</p> - -<p>The gratification which I experienced in this -unexpected compliment may be conceived by -my readers but can scarcely be described by -my pen.</p> - -<p>Mr. Coates began his address by saying that</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>All nations, in all ages, have delighted to honor the meritorious. -The analytic mind of Greece was promoted to -the Academy and Groves of that classic land while bright<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -intellects gave their homage as they gathered the gems of -thought and poesy which enriched their varied lore.</p> - -<p>The school-boy-quoted Roman, if a victor, passed under -the triumphal arch, bowing to popular plaudits. If a poet, -he was laureated; if philosophic, oratoric, or mechanical, -he had his meed of honor from proper sources. Even the -Tartars were grateful, and Tamerlane, the great Usbeck, -was elevated in proportion to merit.</p> - -<p>The American Indian who exhibits military strategy, is -chosen chief <i>pro merito</i>, and leads the painted warriors. The -highly-cultured United States never forgets the truly great. -Here the statesmen, poet, orator, lawyer, divine, artist, man -of science or mechanism, is both courted and remunerated. -Our worthy dead live in hearts, monuments, statues, statuettes, -and oil. The living, acting man of the day is recipient -of both newspaper glory and <i>material</i> recognition.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Taking me by the hand, he continued:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>My friend, a full consideration of gratitude has timely and -most heartily determined your large class to offer this El-Dorado-headed -cane. Sir, we recognize you as the greatest -equestrian educator in the world. Your humble servant is -proud of his recent acquisition. You have enabled the -palsied old man to ride in safety; you allow the old lady to -drive minus the fear of a broken neck; the young lady or -horse-loving master can now indulge saddle pleasures, knowing -the animal thoroughly subdued by some member of your -class.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span></p> - -<p>Every vicious trait a horse can possess is thoroughly cured -by your unequaled skill. You are a practicalist, a utilitarian, -an educator in one of the most necessary and recreative -branches of polite culture. Indeed, a logical lawyer could -raise a fine issue relative to the comparative merits of your -skill and that of the statesman. Disparaging no sphere, I -would say that the live, practical, successful man in any -avocation, is the person we need and the individual we -will honor.</p> - -<p>Your grateful class, at this date numbering two thousand -five hundred and twenty-three, are of my sentiments, and -now delegate me to tender this beautiful present—not as a -<i>quid pro quo</i>, but merely as a memento. My dear sir, I trust -it will be very long ere you require this as a physical staff, -but when that period does come, may it equally subserve the -mental and heart-man and aid in happy retrospect of Philadelphia, -Philadelphians, and your admiring class, a class that -mainly hails you as both a high-toned, social gentleman and -<i>the</i> horse educator of the age.</p> - -</div> - -<p>As Mr. Coates closed his address the great -tent resounded with applause. It was an hour -and a scene never to be forgotten by me. But -as the applause subsided every eye turned to -me for the expected response. I had received -the cane from the hands of the gentleman who -had so fittingly and eloquently presented it, but,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -as I bowed in acknowledgement, my heart was -too full for many words. The papers of the following -day, in describing the event, spoke of my -voice as having been “somewhat tremulous with -emotion,” and it may well have been so, all I -could say was to express the surprise and gratitude -I felt as follows: “What! gentleman, can -it be that, after your many kind attentions, I am -to receive a further testimonial of your regard, -and another reminder of pleasant times passed -with you—times that certainly I never can forget. -Words cannot express my feelings on this -occasion, therefore I sincerely return you thanks.”</p> - -<p>Again the great tent rang with thunders of -demonstration, and the affair, so gratifying to -all, terminated amidst feelings so warm and kind -that in one heart, at least, they were almost -overpowering. The cane bears the following -inscription: “A tribute to merit. To Professor -O. S. Pratt, from his Philadelphia class, numbering -2,523.”</p> - -<p>The cut, which follows, will give but a partial -idea of the beauty of this testimonial, which I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -prize as much as being expressive of the friendship -I was so happy as to secure, as I value it -as a testimony -to the superiority -of my system. -It will be seen that it is accompanied -by a card, signed by -leading members of my class, urging -me to revisit Philadelphia and -pledging their aid and influence in -making such a visit successful.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus5"> -<img src="images/illus5.jpg" width="300" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A TRIBUTE OF MERIT TO O.S. PRATT FROM HIS PHILADELPHIA CLASS 4886</p> -<p class="caption">MAYOR FOX, J.W. DREXELL, GEO. W. SIMMONDS, GEN. CADWALLADER.</p> -</div> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt</span>, the Horse Educator:</p> - -<p><i>Dear Sir</i>: The undersigned, members -of your horse educating school, have learned -with deep regret that you are forced, by various -engagements, to leave Philadelphia in a -few days. The knowledge we have received -by your lucid and simple system of educating -the horse is invaluable to us and all who -have been pupils in your class. We think -that your system of educating the horse is -far superior to any known before. It prevents -cruelty to animals, and is effective in -all cases if rightly applied and persisted in. -Your system is as yet far too little known -in Philadelphia. We, therefore, request you to open your<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -school in Philadelphia again during the fall and winter -months, and we do assure you that we will do our utmost -to make your school a successful one.</p> - -<p>By urging you to revisit Philadelphia, we express the -wishes of a great number of our fellow-citizens who are -anxious to become members of your class.</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">J. W. Drexel</span>, Banker in Phil., New York and London,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Albert Fiske, M. D.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">D. M. Fox</span>, Mayor,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Henry M. Fox</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Lewis Ladimus</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Hoopes & Townsend</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">M. Baird & Co.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Powers & Weightman</span>, Chemists,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Chas. F. Grosholz</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. L. Vansant</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. F. Potts</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Adam Steinmetz</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Jos. E. Werner</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James Darrach, M. D.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Jas. Stelwagon</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Wm. Chapin</span>, and many others.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p>Other testimonials I received from individuals, -a single one of which is given below; it is -from a well-known gentleman of wealth whose -name is as familiar in business as it is in social -circles, W. F. Potts, Esq., and was addressed to -friends of his own:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, <i>Sept. 14, 1870</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Messrs. Morley & White</span>,</p> - -<p><i>Gent’n</i>: My coachman and myself attended Mr. Pratt’s -lectures, last winter, in this city, and I think it paid me well.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -I bought a young horse this spring, as bad a kicker as I ever -saw, and by putting him through a course of <i>Pratting</i> I am -using him every day. I do not know what some persons -could do, but I know what I have done; it is well worth all -I paid.</p> - -<p class="center">Yours, etc.,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Wm. F. Potts.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p>I was greatly pleased with the ancient Quaker -City as well as its noble-hearted people. The -neatness and quiet pervading so large and populous -a city produce a pleasing effect on the -visitor from abroad. The beautiful parks, with -their grand old trees and delightful walks, which -are to be met in all quarters, form a very pleasing -feature in that city. The bright flowers, -filling the air with fragrance; the leafy branches -arching over the nicely-arranged walks, with the -merry songs of the birds which sport amidst the -foliage, combine to invite the tired pedestrian to -rest his weary feet, as they charm the eye, the -ear and sense alike.</p> - -<p>To the patriot and the lover of relics of “the -times that tried men’s souls,” when amidst the -battle-storm our fathers planted the fair tree of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -liberty, Philadelphia offers special attractions, -and hours may be pleasantly and profitably -spent in the well-known “Independence Hall.” -Here time seems almost turned back on its -track as one stands amidst the relics of those -days of old. We see the very chair once occupied -by him whom we have learned to revere as -“the Father of his country”—the illustrious -Washington, and the thoughts are borne backward -to the time when, seated in the chair before -us, his hand held the destinies of a nation in its -grasp. Near by we see the pew in which that -great man sat and listened to that gospel whose -power and principles controlled his life. It is -taken from the old Gothic church which the -General attended and is preserved amongst the -relics of those revolutionary times. Mementos -are there also of the period when the Declaration -of Independence was signed and the eye -rests on the autographs of the illustrious signers. -There is also the great bell which rang out the -glorious notes of freedom and on which is inscribed -that grandest of words, “Liberty.” After<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span> -having became cracked, it was taken down from -its tower and placed on a table in the hall. The -National motto, “E Pluribus Unum,” is arranged -in a circle at the top of the bell. But pleasant -as it is to linger amongst these reminiscences of -the past, I must leave the good old Quaker City -with the single remark that my recollections of -the place and its people are all of the most -pleasant kind.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">YORK—PORT DEPOSIT—BALTIMORE—SUCCESS—DIPLOMA—GETTING -WHIPPED—CLASS OF 3,500.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Early in the spring of 1870, I entered the -city of York. The roads were bad, making traveling, -outside of the city, difficult and unpleasant, -so that few came in from the surrounding -country. Notwithstanding this, I met with encouraging -success, and during the three days of -my stay I formed a class of one hundred and -thirty members. Amongst my pupils was an old -man who had numbered a hundred and five -years of life. After studying my system he declared -that, during the short period of my stay, -he had received more valuable instruction relating -to horse education than in all his previous -life.</p> - -<p>I next pitched my tent in the beautiful village, -Port Deposit, and was gratified by receiving -a good “deposit” from the hands of the people,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> -as nearly one hundred of them joined my class. -It was at this place that I achieved a victory -which spread my name far and wide. A horse, -notoriously vicious, was brought for me to educate. -He was an animal who, as I was credibly -informed, had killed his former owner, eaten the -leg nearly off his son and fearfully mangled the -arm of the groom. I applied my system in all -its force, knowing that he would require decided -treatment to subdue him, and, to the amazement -of the spectators, in a little while the ferocious -steed became gentle as a lamb. He stood in -the presence of that gazing multitude entirely -subdued. When the excitement had somewhat -subsided, some of the leading and influential -citizens were so impressed with the value of my -system as to exert themselves in getting up a -testimonial which, after being numerously signed, -was presented to me, and which I have since had -the pleasure of exhibiting to thousands. The -following description of the horse referred to -and of the success with which I trained him may -prove interesting to the reader:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Port Deposit, Md.</span>, <i>August 31, 1870</i>.</p> - -<p>We, the undersigned, residents of this place and vicinity, -were induced to enter Prof. Pratt’s class for instructions in -educating the horse. At first many of us doubted the superiority -of his system, especially from the low price he charges -for instructions, believing it impossible to learn so much in -a short space of time for so little money; suffice it to say, -we went in and all were more than satisfied. Illustrative of -which we give a brief description of the “Biting Horse,” -owned by Mr. Snyder, near this town. This horse is a brown -stallion, 15½ hands high, closely built, and an animal of great -endurance, for which he is highly valued by Mr. Snyder, who -purchased him of a farmer in New Jersey for a very low -price on account of his most pernicious habit of <i>biting</i>, the -horse having bitten out two ribs of the farmer and broken -the leg of the son. Whilst in possession of his present owner -he has bitten off the arm of his groom, who brought him -into the Professor’s pavilion. We saw and conversed with -this groom. The horse had on a strong iron muzzle, a pine -stick was inserted in the mouth, which he seized with madness; -upon its removal he gritted his teeth most fiercely. In -twenty minutes or less, Prof. Pratt had the muzzle off, his -hand in the horse’s mouth pulling out the tongue. In a few -minutes after he drove the same horse in the street without -holdbacks. When he said “whoa,” the horse stopped. -When he said “go,” the horse went. Thus proving to two -hundred that his system is no fraud, but of all others -“excelsior.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span></p> - -<p>The scholars in this place numbered in three days 87, -among whom were the following named gentlemen:</p> - -<p>W. E. England, pastor M. E. Church, Port Deposit, Md.; -J. B. Ramsay, cashier Cecil National Bank; Edward West; -N. W. Nolan; Eli Cosgrove, ex-sheriff Cecil County; F. M. -Alexander; Wilbur Kidd; Thomas D. Foran; Anthony S. -Davis; J. Tome, president Cecil National Bank; Wm. M. -Long; Thos. E. Davis, etc.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Baltimore, the Monumental City, noted for its -beautiful parks, pleasure grounds and monuments, -was my next field of labor. After viewing -the city over and receiving introductions -to many of its influential citizens numbers of -whom afterwards became warm friends, I betook -myself to labor.</p> - -<p>As on some former occasions, I found it necessary -to build two academies, and so erected one -in the old and one in the new town. At first -there seemed a backwardness on the part of the -people, and a week passed without the manifestation -of much interest; but soon the indifference -gave way and from that point the interest -increased daily until, before the close of the -seventy days I remained in Baltimore, I had the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -great pleasure of enrolling the names of three -thousand five hundred of her citizens as members -of my class.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;" id="illus6"> -<img src="images/illus6.jpg" width="350" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">WHIP PRESENTED BY BALTIMORE CLASS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span></p> - -<p>My stay in Baltimore was especially marked -by kindnesses from numerous members of my -large class, many of whom it would give me -pleasure to name, associated as numbers of them -are with pleasant seasons of enjoyment, but lest -I should become prolix, I will content myself -with saying that most unexpectedly to me my -class presented me with a flattering address -accompanied by an elegant whip mounted with -gold and inlaid with pearl—a gift both beautiful -and useful. How it occurred is described by the -pen of another as follows:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><span class="smcap">How Professor Pratt was Whipped by the Baltimoreans.</span>—The -Amphitheatre of Prof. Pratt, the Horse Educator, -at the corner of Green and Pratt streets, was crowded -on Thursday night, by an appreciative audience, to witness -the education of a number of horses. Near the close of the -free exhibition, an interruption occurred by a Mr. Murdock, -introducing F. P. Stevens, Esq., a member of the Baltimore -Bar, who made the following eloquent and pithy speech, in -presenting an elaborate whip to Prof. Pratt: “On behalf of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -the members of your class in this city, numbering over 3,000, -I have been requested to present to you, on parting with us, -some memento of our high regard for you personally, and of -our estimation of your most admirable system of Horse -Education. That the instructions you have imparted to us -have been valuable and useful, no one of us who own -horses would hesitate to testify, not only your instructions -as to the Management, Education and Treatment of -the Horse, but in developing to us in the numerous Lectures, -the disposition and nature of the noble animal; that your -course of instruction has been popular among us, the numerical -strength of the class announces you, and I take great -pleasure in presenting you this token of friendship and good -will and hope that you may ever recur with pleasure to your -visit to the Monumental City, and as soon as your engagement -will permit, we may have the pleasure of seeing you -again.”</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">J. S. Berry</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Alec. Brown</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Stockhart Mathews</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Ichabot Jean</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Marshall Goldsborough</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Enoch Pratt</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. W. Robinson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Henry Tyson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">F. L. Lawrence</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">F. P. Stevens</span>,</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p>Committee.</p> - -<p>Class numbers 3,504.</p> - -</div> - -<p>During the continuance of my classes in Baltimore, -I received many favorable notices from the -press of that city. As showing the popular feeling<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -I may be allowed to give an article from the -Baltimore <i>Sun</i>, one of the most able and widely -circulated journals of the entire South. It appeared, -as will be seen, before my class had -reached its full dimensions.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Horse Training at Prof. Pratt’s Amphitheatre.</span>—The -exhibitions of Professor Pratt’s skill in training refractory -horses continues to interest a large number of the people -of Baltimore. Every night his Amphitheatre on Linden -avenue is filled with an appreciative audience, including a -large number who are members of his school. During one -of our recent visits the Professor, after some remarks in reference -to his systems, introduced the little educated pony -called “Dollie Dutton,” well up in a few tricks. On her exit -“Fire Fly,” mate of the Professor’s “Tom Thumb,” made -his appearance, at the crack of a whip. “Fire Fly,” made -excellent time with his heels in the air, and by the word, -walked on his hind legs. The attempt by three persons to -ride the horse the longest afforded much amusement to the -audience, as not one of the three could remain on a minute. -“Gray Eagle, Jr.,” Marshall Goldsborough’s thorough-bred -stallion, which had not received over ten minutes’ instruction, -acted in a manner which gave credit to the Professor -and his system. Prof. Pratt then exhibited a massive gold-headed -cane, richly mounted and appropriately engraved, -which was presented him on the night of February 22d, 1869, -in Philadelphia, by his class which numbered 4,886, among<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span> -whom were Mayor Fox, General George Cadwalder, J. W. -Drexel, banker, who were on the committee of presentation, -and who gave the testimonial as a token of the appreciation -of his efforts with the horse and a proof of the value of the -system to them. After a lecture explanatory of his plan of -education which lasted nearly an hour, the Professor ordered -a horse to be brought in which was afraid of a robe. In less -than fifteen minutes after he came in, he was walking over -the robe, had it thrown over his head and in his face, but -the scare was gone. His education in robes being pronounced -completed, he was taken away and a horse that -would not back brought in. He however, soon proved very -tractable, backing while in and out of harness at the words. -The next <i>Animal</i> to claim the Professor’s attention was a -large stiff-neck mule furnished by Mr. S. S. Blair, of the -Northern Central Railway. As was expected the mule was -far more difficult to handle, yet in less than three minutes -after he was subjected to proper treatment and followed the -Professor, and after the system was entirely applied he was -mounted and ridden off by an attendant, going quietly as -any one could desire. Thus closed an evening at Professor -Pratt’s. On conversing with this worthy gentleman, we learn -he is from Buffalo, N. Y. Has been giving the system to -the public five years. He probably handled more horses -than any other man living. Was in Philadelphia five months, -having there a class of 4,886. In less than three weeks’ sojourn -among us he has secured over 1,000 members to his -class, and we saw such men as M. B. Clarke, Henry Tyson, -Drs. McNamus and Whitridge, George Robinson, George -Small, Gen. W. E. Ross, J. Riddlemoser, Jr., Gen. J. S. Berry,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span> -J. Howard McHenry, R. Stockhart Mathews, all of whom -highly endorse Prof. Pratt’s system of educating the horse. -Mr. Mathews, who has seen Rarey, Rockwell, and others, -says this is far superior to all of them.</p> - -</div> - -<p>After closing my labors in Baltimore, I took -a few days of rest. My mind was in search of -new knowledge to add to and improve my system, -and to that object I devoted my time while -relieved of more active duties. I thoroughly revised -my system of educating and mode of treating -the horse; after which I invited the criticisms -of a number of men of intellect and experience, -to whom I submitted my views and asked them -for their candid verdict, when, to my great satisfaction, -they expressed their unqualified approbation. -If anything had been needed to confirm -my opinion of the perfection of my now completed -system, such an endorsement might justly -have done so; and, as the succeeding chapters -will show, my triumphant successes in the largest -cities and before the most exalted personages of -the land, demonstrated the justice of that favorable -verdict.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">WASHINGTON—A LARGE CLASS—THE PRESIDENT A PUPIL—THE WHITE -HOUSE—HALLS OF CONGRESS—DIPLOMA—DR. NEWMAN’S ADDRESS—GOLD -MEDAL.</p> - -</div> - -<p>In the latter part of the year 1871 I determined -to visit the capital of the nation—that -renowned emporium of knowledge and wisdom—the -city of Washington. Fortified by previous -success, I determined on such an effort here as -should signalize my profession, and effectually -silence those who sought to stigmatize my system -and lessen confidence in myself by speaking -lightly of both. Themselves pretenders to knowledge, -and ignorant of what I taught, I have found -them ever ready to insinuate that all is “humbug” -which does not emanate from their would-be -fruitful brains. And now I ask a careful -attention to the narrative of my unexampled -success while sojourning in this city, in connection -with the character and intelligence of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -gentlemen who united in endorsing me, and in -commending my system.</p> - -<p>I entered Washington about the middle of -February and speedily secured a site on which -to erect an academy. The place selected was -on Pennsylvania avenue, and the building I -erected was of capacity sufficient to contain -three thousand persons. I announced a public -exhibition, and on this, the first day of opening, -the place was filled to the utmost. At the close -of the exhibition I invited those of the audience -so disposed, to unite in forming a class. A large -number responded to this call, and, as I entered -on my work, I was encouraged by finding the -numbers increasing by hundreds. This nerved -me to the utmost, and at length, in sixty days, -my class had reached the gratifying number of -two thousand five hundred and five persons!</p> - -<p>President Grant intimated his desire to take -private lessons, and requested me to organize a -class to meet in the forenoon of each day. This -I did, and I soon had the honor of imparting instruction -to such a class of distinguished men as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span> -have rarely, if ever beside, been gathered together -for a similar purpose. The President invited -some special friends to join him in acquiring the -knowledge he desired, and soon I numbered in -my class men distinguished in the pursuits of -arms, politics, literature, and theology, many of -whom would rank with the foremost men of the -world. Amongst them were President Grant, -General Sherman, Surgeon General Barnes, General -Fremont, General Porter, General Babcock, -General Mechler, Judge Advocate General Holt -(the highest position in the army), General Eli -Parker, Count Catacazy, the Russian Minister; -Count Turenne, of the French Legation; P. H. -Le Poor, French Legation; H. S. Le Strange, of -the British Legation: Commodore Ammen, Commodore -Pickering, Senator McDonald, Senator -Stockton, Hon. W. H. Hooper, Rev. Dr. Newman, -Chaplain to the Senate; Senator Sprague, -Governor Cooke, and many others of high rank -and standing.</p> - -<p>As is well known, in the national capital may -be found learned and talented men from almost<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -every nation, and as there are gathered objects -of interest to all, a brief sketch of what met my -eyes may not prove out of place.</p> - -<p>First of all is the renowned “White House,” -the home of the honored head of our nation, -and now occupied by President Grant and his -family. It has been said that</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown,”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">and a similar declaration might be made of the -occupant of the Presidential chair; few have -found it to be an easy seat. The servants of a -public jealous of their rights and privileges, and -exposed to the adverse criticism of selfish and -disappointed opponents, even the most generous -and well-meant movements of those filling that -high position are liable to misconception and ridicule. -There may be no personal dislike, yet the -public, ever on the <i>qui vive</i> for news of those in -high life, are seldom disposed to scrutinize a spicy -story, whoever it may strike. In this land every -man who deserves them has his friends, and none, -however deserving, are without some enemies.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span></p> - -<p>The external appearance of the “White -House” somewhat disappointed me; yet it is a -magnificent structure, with massive pillars in -front, while the interior does credit to the good -taste of those in charge.</p> - -<p>The Red Room, being generally selected for -the receptions held by the President and his -wife, is very handsomely furnished in velvet and -drapery, the color of which corresponds with the -name of the room. I must, however, express -my preference for the Blue Room; its light -shade of satin damask, with gold, is so chaste -and elegant that one could scarcely dream of a -fairy-land more beautiful; and at “morning receptions,” -from two till five <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>, the guests being -received in this room, it is rendered doubly -beautiful by the elegant toilettes of our American -and foreign ladies, who crowd it with the -beauty and fashion of the metropolis.</p> - -<p>The large East Room, which occupies that -entire end of the building, is elegantly furnished, -while the walls are hung with life-size portraits, -in oil, of Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -others who have formerly filled the highest national -office, but who now have passed away.</p> - -<p>It was my pleasure to pass an evening, with -my wife, in the private parlor of President Grant -and family, who gave me a cordial reception. -Among those who shared in this social interview -were Rev. Dr. ——, L.L. D., from England, -his wife and daughter, and our much-esteemed -friends, Rev. Dr. N—— and wife, -of the Metropolitan Church, D. C.</p> - -<p>We were shown through some of the pleasant -apartments of the Presidential mansion, and, -among others, the private dining-room. In this -the arrangements for meals are perfect and tasteful. -A small bouquet of choice flowers, selected -from the conservatory, which abounds with rare -exotics, is placed at the side of every plate at -dinner, and, that no interruption may interfere -with the arrangement of the table, a plate is always -provided for a casual visitor.</p> - -<p>On entering Washington, the first building to -attract the eye of a stranger is the Capitol, which -is built on a prominent height, and forms the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -most conspicuous object as one enters the city; -especially is this so when the magnificent dome -is lighted; one then gazes with delight on the -beauty of its perfect architecture.</p> - -<p>On entering the Capitol by its massive marble -portico, the visitor first views the reception -rooms, then passes to the rotunda, the walls of -which are adorned with paintings, many of which -are commemorative of important events in the -early history of America, and some of a later -date. Statuary also meets the eye, and prominent -amongst it is the life-size statue of the martyred -President, Abraham Lincoln, from the -chisel of Vinnie Ream. As one looks on this -work, which has been so severely criticised, he -will feel the injustice done her, and be likely, -with the writer, to believe that the attacks were -prompted by the fact that it was <i>a lady</i> who secured -the contract. I enjoyed the pleasure of a -visit to the studio of the gentle sculptor, where -we found the lady, surrounded by specimens of -her wonderful skill in this noble art.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span></p> - -<p>To return to the Capitol—that general resort -of strangers—one must visit the dome, and -thither we go, laboring up—up—till it seems almost -as though the top would never be reached, -though pleasant company served to beguile the -time as we mounted the hundred and eighty feet -of ascending steps. When, at length, we reached -the top, and stood in the presence of the paintings -which completely decorate the upper portion -of the dome, all else was forgotten, and it -seemed as though we had passed into another -sphere, away from all the cares of ordinary life! -Books can be obtained, explaining the historical -paintings, and in the study of these, days might -be profitably employed. The brief time a visitor -can give is far too short, to satisfy the eye, which -desires to still gaze on, reluctant to depart. From -the outer side of the dome a view of unparalleled -beauty is presented: Georgetown, General Lee’s -old homestead, in the distance, and the Potomac -River, together with the elegant public buildings, -are among the many objects included in the panoramic -view.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span></p> - -<p>As we descend again, and come amongst the -sights and sounds of daily life, a sudden awakening -to reality occurs. We now pass to the wings -on either side of the main building devoted to -the use of the two Houses composing our American -Congress. On visiting the House of Representatives, -when in session, the visitor is directed -to the gallery which surrounds and looks -down upon the hall; and, should he be a favored -one, he is shown to a seat in that portion of the -gallery reserved for the diplomatic corps, friends -of members and distinguished visitors. There -one can sit at ease, apart from the crowds which -fill the other portions, and may listen to the -speeches of representatives from every State in -the Union, as they deliberate on the laws by -which the country is to be governed; may note -the voting, and sometimes hear the exciting contest -as the dignity of debate is lost in some partisan -wrangle.</p> - -<p>The Treasury Building is a beautiful edifice, -and is always the scene of busy life, the activity -extending from the topmost floor to the furnace<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -in the cellar, where the mutilated currency is -burned. It is in this building that the paper -money of the country is prepared, after which it -is sent to the banks for circulation. It is customary -for visitors to exchange a note for one -that has never been in circulation, to be kept as -a souvenir.</p> - -<p>The elegant Smithsonian Institute, with its -numerous objects of interest, and the Agricultural -Buildings, with their beautiful grounds, offer -their attractions to the visitor, while the Patent -Office, with its multitude of models, showing the -inventive genius of our countrymen, is of equal -interest. Here, while admiring the ingenuity -displayed by the inventors, we learn by the number -of rejected models how many have spent -perhaps the best years of their lives only to reap -disappointment at the last.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus7"> -<img src="images/illus7.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span></p> - -<p>While in Washington I was favored with several -gratifying testimonials. The first one was -at the great National Carnival, where I received -the prize for the best four-in-hand turn-out, a -gold-mounted whip. The second testimonial was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -a life-size portrait of President Grant, which was -presented to me at one of the gatherings of the -society attending the Metropolitan Memorial -Church, and was accompanied in its presentation -by the following address by Rev. J. P. Newman, -D. D., the eloquent and distinguished pastor of -the church:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ladies and Gentlemen</span>: Mine is a pleasing task. The -ladies of this church desire me to present this elegant portrait -of our honored President to Prof. Pratt, whose public -spirit and great liberality prompted him to give the proceeds -of his academy for one week towards the purchase of a -chime of bells for this church. We much regret that sickness -has detained the Professor from being present on this -occasion, but we are happy to know that Mrs. Pratt is here.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> -The donation on his part is the more commendable because -he came here a stranger, yet such is his appreciation of the -beautiful and useful that he cheerfully gives his large sum -for an object which will be, when achieved, the pride of the -Capital.</p> - -<p>His mission is eminently humane, for he not only educates -the horse to obey the intelligence of his master, but -also educates the master to treat the noblest of beasts with -humanity.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"> -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Her many friends will doubtless be gratified by finding, on the -opposite page, a portrait of this lady—the life-long companion of the -author.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span></p> - -<p>The address, which was received with loud -applause, was, in my absence, responded to by -the Member of Congress from Batavia.</p> - -<p>The third testimonial I received was presented -on the day of closing my lectures, which had -been so regularly attended by the citizens, officials, -and members of the foreign legations, who -deemed it proper to encourage my enterprise by -presenting me with a diploma, engrossed on -parchment, over their own signatures, and which -was accompanied with a gold medal. The following -is a copy of the diploma presented by -the Washington class, the original of which is -now in my possession, on parchment:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">To Prof. O. S. Pratt</span>:</p> - -<p>We, the members of your Washington class, appreciate -the value of the very necessary knowledge which you -have imparted to us during your sojourn in the national -metropolis; and we are convinced that your method of educating -the horse, and reforming his vicious habits, is the -only true system. As a mark of our estimation of the service -rendered us, we beg your acceptance of the accompanying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span> -testimonial, and our sincere wishes for your continued -success, health and happiness.</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li>General <span class="smcap">W. T. Sherman</span>,</li> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">O. E. Babcock</span>,</li> -<li>General <span class="smcap">Banks</span>,</li> -<li>Count <span class="smcap">De Catacazy</span>,</li> -<li>Mayor <span class="smcap">Matthew G. Emory</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. S. Shepherd</span>,</li> -<li>Surgeon Gen. <span class="smcap">Barnes</span>,</li> -<li>Commodore <span class="smcap">Ammen</span>,</li> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">Horace Porter</span>,</li> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">J. C. Fremont</span>,</li> -<li>Senator <span class="smcap">Wm. Sprague</span>,</li> -<li>Commodore <span class="smcap">Pickering</span>,</li> -<li>Brevet Maj. Gen. <span class="smcap">Allen</span>,</li> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">Ely S. Parker</span>,</li> -<li>Mayor <span class="smcap">Emory</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. A. L’Astrange</span>, of the British Legation,</li> -<li>Rev. Dr. <span class="smcap">Newman</span>, Chaplain to the Senate,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Wm. W. Belknap</span>, Secretary of War,</li> -<li>Gen. <span class="smcap">Meichler</span>,</li> -<li>Governor <span class="smcap">Cooke</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">P. H. la Poor</span>, of the French Legation.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p>On the next page the reader will find a correct -cut of the gold medal which accompanied -the diploma.</p> - -<p>On the following day the Metropolitan Church -arranged an excursion to Mount Vernon. The -day was beautiful, and the company all that could -be desired. The sail down the lovely stream, -with its wooded banks, was delightful. On our -arrival at the spot the laugh was hushed, for we -felt ourselves on sacred soil as we neared the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span> -tomb of Washington. After lingering for a time -by the dust of the illustrious dead, we ascended -the hill on which stands -the house which was once -the home of the Father -of his Country. The furniture -having been removed, -we saw little more -than the halls, a few relics -enclosed in a case, and -the marble mantel, which -has been so much coveted -by strangers on account -of its rare carving, representing -a farm-yard scene. -This choice relic has been -defaced in several places -by unscrupulous visitors, -who have broken off -pieces to carry away as -relics. We also visited -the spot where Washington -and Lafayette met, under a tree, to reconcile -their difficulties.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;" id="illus8"> -<img src="images/illus8.jpg" width="250" height="600" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span></p> - -<p>During our return to the city, which we reached -the evening of the same day, speeches were -made on the boat by the Mayor, ministers and -bankers. We arrived in time to take the cars -on our way to Long Branch, at which popular -resort I passed most of the summer in visiting -and recreation, before again resuming the duties -of my profession.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">ANNAPOLIS—DELAWARE—NEW JERSEY—NEW YORK STATE—THE GREAT -EMPORIUM—CHICAGO IN FLAMES.</p> - -</div> - -<p>After my period of relaxation, I re-entered -the active duties of my profession feeling greatly -invigorated. I visited the pleasant city of Annapolis, -the capital of Maryland, where I met a -cordial reception from many whose warm appreciation -of my system of educating the horse was -coupled with marks of personal friendship. Here, -as in other places on former occasions, my endeavors -were crowned with a gratifying success. -It is at this place that the United States Naval -Academy is situated, an institution which sustains -the same relation to the navy that West -Point bears to the army of our country. In the -extent of its bounds, covering, as it does, an area -of about twenty acres, and in the completeness -of its appointments, this academy is unequaled -in the United States. Here I was introduced<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -to General Bovey, who is a lover of that noble -animal, the horse, and is the owner of some of -the finest that America can boast. He manifested -much interest in my welfare, and kindly -invited me to dine with him; after spending a -long and pleasant hour in his society, I took my -leave, and when, shortly after, I left Annapolis, -I bore with me a grateful recollection of the -many kindnesses I had received from the inhabitants -of that beautiful city.</p> - -<p>I will here claim the indulgence of the reader -while I give a brief sketch of my journey from -this point to New York. It was about the middle -of May, 1871, when I started on my tour, -intending to arrive at New York in the month -of October. In passing through the State of -Maryland, I found it a beautiful, level country, -with a soil of great fertility. It is well known -to have been one of the slave States, and, as a -result, the population is made up largely of colored -people, many of whom I found to be very, -very poor; their houses, within and without, bespoke -wretchedness and want, and many of them<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> -seemed on the verge of starvation. Often was -my heart moved to compassion as I viewed their -dilapidated clothing, many of them being almost -naked, while in their countenances want and misery -were depicted. As I passed the settlements -and, prompted by pity, gave them some donations, -I saw their faces brighten as I placed the -money in their tawny and wrinkled hands, while -their expressions of thankfulness more than rewarded -me for the gifts bestowed. In passing -through this State I formed many classes, meeting -with even better success than I anticipated.</p> - -<p>Leaving Maryland, I entered the little State -of Delaware, renowned for the extent of its -orchards and the excellence of its peaches, which -fruit forms the most profitable crop of the State, -and is unequaled by any grown elsewhere. The -country here also is level, but in many parts so -sandy as to weary the traveler, whose animals -often labor through sand to the depth of six -inches, while the scorching rays of the sun, reflected -from the sand, add much to the discomfort -of a journey through this State.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span></p> - -<p>At Dover, the capital of the State, I formed -an interesting class, of which the Governor and -many distinguished citizens became members. -The buildings in Dover are mostly of wood, there -being none of stone and but few of brick.</p> - -<p>After leaving Dover I crossed Delaware Bay, -and entered the State of New Jersey. This, -also, in its more southern portions, may be described -as a level country, but the lands there -are clothed with dense forests of pine, where -human habitations are rarely met, and even the -sound of the woodman’s axe is seldom heard. -These “pine barrens” are in places destitute of -traveled roads, and the one journeying through -them sees his course marked out by “blazed” -trees. I wended my way along until I reached -the city of Trenton, the capital of the State, -where I formed a class. Thence I passed to the -city of Rahway, then to Elizabeth, and afterwards -to the town of Long Branch, forming interesting -classes at each place. The last-named -place is well known as a favorite and much-admired -watering-place, being the summer resort<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -of thousands who annually seek its pure sea-breezes, -and regale themselves in the pleasures -it abundantly affords. I visited many other -places in the State, forming classes and receiving -the congratulations of numbers who appreciated -the knowledge it was my aim to impart.</p> - -<p>Passing some twenty miles across a pleasant -though sandy country, I reached the village of -Red Bank, at which place I took the steamboat, -and, after sailing through the magnificent Bay of -New York, passed up the Hudson River to Sing -Sing, at which place I met with success, and -formed a class composed mainly of the first citizens -of the town. I devoted my first leisure to -visiting the State Prison, which is situated in the -suburbs, on the bank of the Hudson, and, after -being conducted through the different departments, -I was permitted to see a record of the -names of the inmates and the crimes for which -they were incarcerated, and I record it as my -conviction that many there have laid a foundation -for after crime by early cruelty to the noblest -of all animals save man. One step of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -cruelty leads inevitably to others, and thus the -disposition may have grown that has led, finally, -to the crime which deprived them of liberty and -condemned them to years of servitude in that -dreary abode of felons.</p> - -<p>Retracing my steps down the Hudson, I next -pitched my tent at Peekskill, which is situated -on the east bank of the river, and where I met -a gratifying reception, and succeeded as at other -places.</p> - -<p>Before leaving the place, I strolled about a -mile back from the river, and saw there the farm -and summer residence of Rev. Henry Ward -Beecher, the great biblical expounder and platform -orator, who has since passed through an -ordeal far from pleasing or profitable, though -there are indications that from all he will yet -come out as “gold tried in the fire,” and perhaps -to shine as a star of still brighter lustre.</p> - -<p>My next visit was to the city of Poughkeepsie, -where, at my first public exhibition, I was greeted -by the presence of a large number of influential -citizens, whose appearance there augured well<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span> -for my success. I was pleased with my brief -visit to this place, as my class soon swelled to -the number of three hundred and fifty. I here -formed the acquaintance of Prof. Eastman, of -Eastman College, who solicited me to give an -exhibition, on the grounds in front of his splendid -mansion, to the Sabbath-school children of -the city. I consented, and gave an exhibition -which was received with delight by a multitude -of youth of both sexes.</p> - -<p>I now determined to direct my course down -the beautiful Hudson to the great commercial -emporium of the country, the city of New York. -There I built an academy, at a cost of nearly -three thousand dollars, capable of accommodating -about four thousand persons. I opened, with -brilliant prospects, about the middle of October, -1871, and as the days rolled by I had ample evidence -of the appreciation of my efforts in the -daily increase of my class, until, on the 15th of -January, 1872, I had the pleasure of numbering -on my register the handsome amount of three<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -thousand names, representing amongst them -many of the first men of the city.</p> - -<p>I had intended to remain in New York until -the opening of spring, but about this time an -event which spread consternation through the -land blighted my fair prospects. Along the wires -of the telegraph, flashed eastward with lightning -speed, came the doleful tidings that Chicago, the -Queen City of the West, was in flames! As -message after message came, telling of the progress -of the devouring element, all hearts were -filled with sympathy, till the final tidings came -that for many square miles the once beautiful -city was a vast plain of smouldering ruins, and -that thousands of human beings, thus rendered -homeless and penniless, were in almost a starving -condition. At once the hearts of the people -of New York were moved to compassion. -Business was well-nigh suspended. The single -topic which engaged all minds was the great disaster -which had befallen a sister city, and how to -devise means for relief to the destitute and suffering. -In this absorbing feeling the interest in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -my lectures naturally abated; so much so, that -I closed my academy and joined with my countrymen -in the active measures which were at -once inaugurated for extending relief to the -needy. I attended the meetings held for that -purpose, and heartily co-operated in sending the -greatly needed aid to suffering humanity. I remained -in New York till the excitement had -somewhat abated, and then decided on visiting -some of the New England States; but, before -leaving the Great Emporium, I received a diploma -attesting the high value placed on my -instructions by those who had received them.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">BRIDGEPORT—FALL OF ACADEMY—PROVIDENCE—BOSTON—CLASS OF -3,000—LYNN—PURCHASE OF A RESIDENCE—PORTLAND—BANGOR.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus9"> -<img src="images/illus9.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BRIDGEPORT ACADEMY.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span></p> - -<p>On entering New England, my first stop was -at the beautiful town of Bridgeport, somewhat -celebrated as the home of the renowned sensationalist, -P. T. Barnum, who has, during quite an -eventful career, acquired and lost many fortunes. -As the winter had not yet passed, I here erected -an academy, which became the scene of an incident -which will forever remain fixed on my -memory. The people of Bridgeport turned out -nobly, filling my academy to its utmost capacity, -when, hearing a noise, I looked in the direction -whence it proceeded, and, to my horror, saw the -seats falling, with their occupants, precipitating -them to the ground! Of course all for a time -was confusion and affright, but, strange to say, -not one of the immense crowd was injured by -the accident.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span></p> - -<p>After the excitement had somewhat subsided, -I proceeded to form a class, which numbered -about three hundred, who seemed delighted -with the knowledge they acquired under my -instructions.</p> - -<p>When my labors had ended I took an opportunity -to view the town, and was greatly interested -in visiting some of its principal manufactories. -Amongst these one of special note is -the immense establishment for the manufacture -of the Howe Sewing Machines, said to be one -of the largest in the world.</p> - -<p>I subsequently visited Providence, the capital -of Rhode Island, where I found it necessary to -build another academy, which I erected very -near the public thoroughfare of the city. At -this place my most sanguine expectations were -realized, as I met with signal success; nearly -one thousand persons became members of my -class, and the financial results were greatly beneficial -to me, as at this time my expenses were -great. My troupe consisted of some eight men -and twelve horses, the expenses of which were<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span> -large, besides the cost of extensively advertising, -that I might give wider publicity to a system -which had gained general favor wherever it was -known.</p> - -<p>The far-famed city of Boston was my next -resting-place. Here, as at other places, I found -it necessary to exhibit in an academy, and, having -fitted it up, I entered on my work with -renewed hope and energy, believing, from the -usefulness and practicability of my system of -educating the horse, that a failure was impossible. -Nor was I disappointed; the shrewd -minds of the Bay State saw the value of the -knowledge I imparted, and, cheered on by growing -favor, I put forth every effort, and was -rewarded by the most gratifying success, as my -class reached the large number of three thousand -persons.</p> - -<p>With the close of my labors in Boston the -winter had passed away, and I decided on a trip -reaching northward as far as Portland, in Maine, -making short stops at the several towns between -Boston and that place, first stopping at a beautiful<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span> -town called Lynn, where I purchased a nice -family residence, a good representation of which -is given in the cut.</p> - -<p>In this charming town and its vicinity there is -much to attract and please the visitor. Among -the favorite resorts is a delightful watering-place -known as Nahant Beach, to which, during the -summer, thousands come to enjoy the invigorating -breezes of the ocean. Here the invalid seeks -the coveted boon of health, while the healthy -come to reinvigorate their systems. Mrs. Pratt -and myself christened the place the “green spot -of earth,” as often, attended by our servants, we -drove in our carriage around the beach, for the -time forgetting the toils of the past, and almost -fancying ourselves in the land of Paradise.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus10"> -<img src="images/illus10.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">NAHANT BEACH RESIDENCE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span></p> - -<p>I may be allowed, at this point, to give a letter -addressed to me by a well-known gentleman, -a citizen of that pleasant town.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Lynn</span>, <i>July 12, 1872</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt.</span></p> - -<p><i>Dear Sir</i>: I regret your departure from our city. I have -received a great benefit by joining your school. Your system -of educating horses is far ahead of any now in use. I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -belong to Rockwell’s class. In nothing has there been -greater improvement. Its advantage is its simplicity. In -no exhibition during your short stay have I failed to find -some new point. There is no deception, no trickery, no -unfairness. What you say I’ve found you willing to back -up with your money; your goods are no humbug. Why will -people be so skeptical. People ask me every day, “Can you -do it?” My answer is, “Yes.” Why sir, I would not take -five hundred dollars for what I’ve learned of your system.</p> - -<p>If people would be more willing to join your class and get -the system, we should have less accidents by that noblest -of animals, the horse. When you were educating Lannan’s -horse the other evening, a skeptic stood by my side. I said, -“Pratt will drive that horse to-morrow.” Says he, “I’ll bet a -hundred dollars he won’t.” He put his hand in his pocket, -attempting to draw his wallet. I caught his hand, saying to -him, “If you’ve friends enough here to raise $5,000, it shall -be covered, that he will drive him to-night.” I am not a -betting man, though. The gentleman went into his boots. -You have not a pupil, I know of, but is willing to back you, -as far as able, in anything you say you will do with any -horse.</p> - -<p>God speed you in the right.</p> - -<p class="center">Yours truly,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Charles D. Tilton</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p>After the pleasure season had passed, I again -betook myself to my profession, and, once more -upon the road, I stopped at several towns, giving<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span> -public exhibitions and forming classes, until I -reached Portland, which place I entered about -the first of August, 1872. Here we set our -stakes and spread our canvas, giving, as usual, -public exhibitions, and organizing a class of -about two hundred persons. Many vicious -horses were here brought to me, that on them -the merits of my system might be tested, all of -which I handled to the satisfaction, and, I may -safely say, the admiration of the class who witnessed -their education.</p> - -<p>Next, placing my troupe and animals on a -steamer, I passed by sea to the city of Bangor, -the most populous in the State of Maine. Here -I made arrangements with the officers of the -Agricultural Society, by which I secured the -Fair Grounds, where I erected a spacious pavilion, -and at once commenced operations. It -was soon evident that I had secured the favor of -the people, as I was largely patronized. While -there I made arrangements with Dr. Tewksbury -to handle his imported stallion, “Anfield,” who -was notorious for his vicious propensities, extending<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span> -even to the shedding of human blood, -he having fought many battles, and always had -come off victorious. Although my fame had -spread far and wide, and I had educated many -vicious horses, yet, had I not possessed implicit -confidence in the virtues of my system, I would -have declined; but, prompted and encouraged -by my previous successes, I decided to handle -him on my arrival at Lewiston, Maine, which -would be about the first of September.</p> - -<p>While at Bangor I received a letter from the -President of the Society for the Prevention of -Cruelty to Animals, as follows:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Bangor</span>, Me., <i>September 28, 1872</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt</span>.</p> - -<p><i>My Dear Sir</i>: I am happy to acknowledge your superior -system of Horse Education, which deserves the commendation -of all who desire the improvement of that beautiful and -useful animal. Your system does not inflict torture or -cruelty, but subdues and teaches him, and in my opinion it -is only to be seen and learned to be universally adopted.</p> - -<p>I take much pleasure in recommending it to the notice -of all who have the care and management of horses.</p> - -<p class="center">Very respectfully,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">J. D. Warren</span>,<br /> -Pres. Soc. for P. of C. to Animals.</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">LEWISTON—EDUCATING THE HORSE “ANFIELD”—TESTIMONIAL—CONCORD—MANCHESTER—A -STEAM ENGINE IN THE RING—LOWELL—LAWRENCE.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Continuing my tour, I exhibited at many -places in the State until I reached the city of -Augusta, where I remained two days, and met -with marked success. Anxious to reach Lewiston -by the time I had fixed, I passed rapidly, -through many towns and villages, only remaining -a day in each place, and arrived at Lewiston on -the eighth of September. It was here, as the -reader will remember, that I was to handle the -notorious “Anfield.”</p> - -<p>After building an academy, and giving a public -exhibition, I announced my intention of controlling -that vicious animal. The citizens turned -out <i>en masse</i>, but, as the horse was led into the -ring, the whole audience seemed terror-stricken, -wondering, no doubt, whether or not I would<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -share the fate that others had; but speedily their -terror gave place to admiration, as they saw the -powerful animal succumb to the resistless energy -and efficacy of my system, for, within one short -hour, the lion-like brute became meek and quiet -as a lamb, greatly to the astonishment of the -multitude, who gazed with wonder on the transformation. -I give below the testimonial subsequently -presented to me, in which this feat is -described:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>We, the undersigned citizens of Lewiston and vicinity, -hereby certify that we are members of Prof. O. S. Pratt’s -school for instruction in the proper education of the horse; -that from a careful and thorough examination of his method, -as succinctly demonstrated by him in his admirable lectures -and apt illustrations, we unqualifiedly pronounce Professor -Pratt’s system as most practical, and far superior to any ever -before known.</p> - -<p>His power over the most vicious and ferocious horses is -at once wonderful and instructive, as verified by his handling -of the stallion “Anfield,” in Lewiston, on Thursday -evening, October 17, 1872, before an audience of 1,000 -persons.</p> - -<p>“Anfield” is an eleven-year-old dark bay stallion, and -standing sixteen or seventeen hands high, and is owned by -Dr. S. H. Tewksbury, of Portland, Me. He is reported to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -have killed one man, and was a bad biter, striker, and somewhat -given to kicking. He had never been harnessed.</p> - -<p>He was led into the academy on the above night, secured -by iron rods and with a heavy muzzle over his mouth. He -manifested an ugliness truly characteristic.</p> - -<p>Prof. Pratt, applying the rules of his system, at once so -comprehensive and yet so simple, within twenty minutes had -contemptuously thrown away the iron rods, muzzle, etc., -and exhibited to his audience one of the most tractable of -horses, who would follow him when commanded, stopping at -the word “whoa,” and, being harnessed, was driven around -the ring in a vehicle continually hitting his heels.</p> - -<p>Prof. Pratt’s Lewiston class numbers, at the present time, -three hundred and sixty members.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus11"> -<img src="images/illus11.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LEWISTON ACADEMY.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span></p> - -<p>We most cheerfully commend the system of Prof. Pratt -to the public generally, assuring them that, in our opinion, it -is the inauguration of a new and happier era for that noblest -of the brute creation—<i>the horse</i>.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Lewiston</span>, Me., <i>October 2, 1872</i>.</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">D. B. Strout</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. P. Norton</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. C. Bradford</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">P. M. Thurlow</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Eli Edgecomb</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">N. C. Harris</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. H. Richardson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. M. Chamberlin</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. S. Follensber</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">T. H. Langley</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. L. Johnson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. H. Scribner</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. L. Peabody</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">S. D. Thomas</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. S. Bradbury</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. C. Pendepter</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">George Wehle</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">S. B. Cook</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. B. Watson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John Pickard</span>,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span></li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. V. Brown, M. D.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. B. Straw</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Daniel Wood</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">S. O. Purinton</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">C. T. Chappell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Rufus Carr</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. H. Garcelen</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. O. Edgecomb</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. W. Wood</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Isaac Harkell, 2d</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Wm. H. Horr</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. A. Whitman</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">F. C. Hayes</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. L. Mellen</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Rufus C. Williams</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">N. M. Farwell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. H. Peasley</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. M. Rook</span>.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p>Passing through a beautiful country, and forming -a number of classes on the way, we at length -reached Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. -I there obtained the large building used -by the mechanics for the exhibition of their -manufactured articles on the days of the regular -Fair. This I fitted up and used for my lectures. -The news of my success at other places had -preceded me, and I found the citizens ready to -respond to my invitation to form themselves -into a class. This class was a large and profitable -one, adding much to my financial resources -in the business. The city of Manchester was -the next place I visited. Its magnificent water-power -and busy manufactories, amongst them<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span> -some of the largest producers of carpets and -cloth in the United States, make it a place of -great importance. It was here that I achieved a -victory never before known to the public—that -of educating the horse not to fear either the -steam engine or the cars. Having had placed at -my service the steam engine manufactured by -Amos Keig, I had it brought into the ring. In -a short time the engineer got up steam, and set -it in motion. Horses by the half-dozen were -brought in to be educated, and, as my success -was shown in removing all fear of that terrifying -object, language almost fails to describe the -enthusiasm excited, and the eulogies pronounced -on my system. As this was the first opportunity -that had presented itself for me to show the -power and beauty of that portion of my system, -I was greatly cheered and gratified with the success -attending my efforts, especially as the papers -of the city heralded my success in no uncertain -tones, and proclaimed the almost incalculable -benefit which would accrue to society from the -adoption of my system.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span></p> - -<p>Traveling southward about fifteen miles, I -reached the city of Lowell, where I built an -academy, and had the pleasure of enrolling in -my class a large number of the influential citizens -of that place, who were as much delighted -with my system as I was with my successful -efforts.</p> - -<p>The next place of interest to be named is the -city of Lawrence, renowned for its mills and -manufactures. Here may be seen a building -nearly a mile in length, erected along the bank -of the famous water-power, and used exclusively -for manufacturing purposes. At this city, also, -I built an academy, remaining a few days, and -meeting warm-hearted friends, who gave me a -large class.</p> - -<p>By this time I had fully equipped myself with -all appliances needed to confront and convince -the most skeptical, so that no person could successfully -assail my almost perfect system of -equine education, which, by the force of its own -merits, had thus far won its way, and was daily -gaining new favor in the eyes of the public.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span></p> - -<p>My next effort was made about the first of -March, 1873, in the city of Worcester, where, -from the commencement, the interest daily increased -during the whole period of my stay, and -abundant success crowned my endeavors.</p> - -<p>Some leading citizens of Springfield now wrote -to me, requesting that I should visit their town, -to which I consented, and, on reaching the place, -I found a wide-spread eagerness to secure the -knowledge I possessed. I built an academy, and -was much gratified by securing an appreciative -class.</p> - -<p>Leaving the old State of Massachusetts, I -directed my course to Hartford, in the State of -Connecticut, where, as in former places, I found -it necessary to build an academy, which, on the -first day of my exhibition, I had the pleasure of -seeing filled to its utmost capacity, and, when I -turned my attention to forming a class, my -endeavors met with a hearty response.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">TOUR IN CANADA—MONTREAL—CLASS OF 1,000—VICTORIA -BRIDGE—CATHEDRAL—QUEBEC—OTTAWA—KINGSTON—DETROIT—DIPLOMA—VALUABLE -TESTIMONIAL—SIMCOE.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Hitherto my labors had been confined to my -own country. I had traveled many hundreds of -miles, visiting its great cities, its smaller towns -and thriving villages, and everywhere, even from -the highest in the land, I had met a cordial -reception. But now I formed the purpose of -crossing the St. Lawrence River, which divides, -on the north, the American from the British possessions, -and of making a tour through a large -portion of the Dominion of Canada. Believing -that I had more stock and other property than I -would require, I sold by auction many articles, -and, placing my remaining stock and appendages -on several cars, I forwarded them to their destination. -Reaching St. Albans, I was solicited -to remain there a few days, which I did, and had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span> -no cause to regret my decision, for the people -gave me a liberal patronage.</p> - -<p>Continuing my journey from St. Albans, I -arrived at the important commercial city, Montreal, -about the first of May, where I met a cordial -reception. At once I commenced the erection -of an academy of capacity sufficient to hold -at least two thousand persons. Soon the tidings -of the great successes I had achieved in my -profession spread far and wide through that populous -and wealthy city, and, as a result, during -the few days I remained, I had the pleasure of -enrolling nearly one thousand names.</p> - -<p>In this ancient city there are many beautiful -and interesting objects which attract the attention -of a visitor. A few of the most prominent -are all that I can mention. Of these the -great Victoria Bridge is one. A massive structure -of iron, tightly closed at the sides and nicely -roofed, it spans the St. Lawrence River just at -the outskirts of the city. Windows, at certain -intervals, admit the light and air. Carriages and -pedestrians are excluded, the railroad company<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -having the sole right to use the bridge. The -French Catholic Cathedral is to many an object -of great attractiveness, and thousands ascend -its circuitous flights of stairs to the top of the -tower, from which the eye may take in the entire -city, with its many public parks and pleasure -grounds far exceeding in number those usual to -a commercial city. The mountain, about three -miles distant from the heart of the city, is a -favorite resort. A beautiful and almost level -road runs round it, along which, at almost every -hour of the day, carriages may be seen coursing. -Many other pleasing sights might be named, but -I close my reminiscences of the beautiful city by -the remark that nowhere, in all my travels, have -I seen more elegant and costly private dwellings -than are those which grace Montreal.</p> - -<p>Through the solicitation of friends, I was -induced to visit Quebec, the ancient capital and -late seat of the Canadian government.</p> - -<p>As it is approached, the forest of masts which -meets the eye, peering up in every direction, -might suggest reminiscences of some cedar<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116"></a>[116]</span> -swamp, with its multitude of tapering trees, but, -upon closer inspection, the eye is delighted with -the magnitude and beauty of the shipping which -crowds the port. Some of the finest vessels -that plow the ocean are here to be found. On -entering on my work, I met with no difficulty in -interesting the minds of the citizens in my subject. -They turned out nobly to my public exhibitions, -and rewarded my exertions by giving me -a large and interesting class.</p> - -<p>Leaving Quebec about the middle of May, I -ascended the St. Lawrence as far as the beautiful -town of Brockville, exhibiting at many towns -on my way. Here I determined to forward my -horses and stock by rail to the city of Ottawa, -the capital of the Dominion and the seat of -government, where annually the assembled wisdom -of the country meet to legislate for the -great Canadian Dominion; nor need one cross -the ocean to the mother country, nor even visit -the adjoining republic, to meet with both orators -and statesmen, many of whom grace the Canadian -Parliament, the halls of which often ring -with eloquence, as, in the discharge of their responsible<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117"></a>[117]</span> -duties, the statesmen of the Dominion -discuss the great topics of the day. Although my -stay in Ottawa was brief, I had the satisfaction of -forming there a class of three hundred persons.</p> - -<p>Passing westward, I held public exhibitions -and formed classes in many places, until I -reached Kingston, rightly named the Old Limestone -City. Here I spent a few days very pleasantly, -and had the pleasure of forming a satisfactory -class. The strong bulwarks and splendid -fortifications of this city give it a military air, and -afford ample protection from an invading force.</p> - -<p>At this point I embarked on one of the Mail -Line of steamers, with my stock and equipments, -and passed up Lake Ontario to Burlington Bay, -and thence to the city of Hamilton. As I had -been frequently solicited to visit Detroit, and -having determined on spending the ensuing winter -in Hamilton and Toronto, I did not at this -time attempt to form a class, but took the most -direct route to Detroit city, exhibiting at a -number of places on my way.</p> - -<p>Detroit is situated on the river bearing its -name, which divides the American and Canadian -possessions. Its commerce is quite large, and,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118"></a>[118]</span> -to one standing on the banks of the river, a -pleasing and animated picture is presented. The -rapid stream, in places running with a current of -from five to eight miles an hour, is difficult of -navigation for sailing vessels, and one sees the -sailing craft, loaded with grain and lumber, towed -by large and powerful steam-tugs, built expressly -for that purpose, while the smiling banks on -the Canadian side, crowned by the buildings -of Windsor, mirror themselves in the farther -waters.</p> - -<p>It was in December, 1873, that I reached -Detroit, remaining there a few weeks, and during -that time forming a class of over twelve hundred -members. Before taking my leave of that -pleasant and enterprising city, I received from -my class a diploma, which I prize more highly -than gold, while, to increase my delight, I was, -most unexpectedly to myself, made the recipient -of an elegant cabinet music-box, the value of -which could not be less than five hundred dollars. -The following is the diploma, as signed -and presented to me, followed by a cut of the -elegant testimonial:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119"></a>[119]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus12"> -<img src="images/illus12.jpg" width="600" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MUSIC BOX FROM DETROIT CLASS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120"></a>[120]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Having attended Prof. O. S. Pratt’s lectures to his class, -and also having seen the practical application of his system -as given by him every afternoon and evening at his academy, -and believing it to be far the best ever seen in this State, so -clear and practical that the merest novice can understand -and use it, and yet so comprehensive that the most skillful -horseman can be instructed by it, we deem it of the utmost -importance that all persons owning, using, or at all interested -in horses, should avail themselves of Prof. Pratt’s knowledge -on that subject. He educates the man to educate the -horse, the only practical method to be of permanent benefit.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121"></a>[121]</span></p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">Jared Patchin</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. W. Bissell</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">J. B. De Guise</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">D. Bethune Duffield</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Newell Avery</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Hosie</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. M. Steele</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">George Jerome</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">E. Furguson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. W. Vandyke</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. A. Mitchell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">H. A. Newland</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Allen Shelden</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. Sinclair</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. E. Avery</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Sylvester Larned</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">Davenport</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">J. F. Noyes</span>,</li> -<li>Mayor <span class="smcap">Moffat</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. C. Hodges</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John C. Williams</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Sinclair</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Jerome E. Croul</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">Cobb</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. C. Remick</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James A. Remick</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Henry Kibbee</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John V. Mehling</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. H. Thompson</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">G. W. Foster</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">M. F. Merrick</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">M. S. Smith</span>,</li> -<li>Dr. <span class="smcap">H. Smith</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. Doolittle</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. W. Mitchell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Elijah Smith</span>.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122"></a>[122]</span></p> - -<p>Passing from Detroit, I again set foot on Canadian -soil, exhibiting at a town named Sarnia, -situated on the Detroit River, and after that at -many other places until I reached the pleasant -little town of Simcoe. There I received a cordial -welcome from many lovers of the horse, -and found no difficulty in forming a class of one -hundred and ninety, who not only appreciated -my system, but embraced an early opportunity -of presenting me with a diploma testifying that -appreciation. It was read in my hearing on its -being presented, and the reader may well believe -that I was greatly gratified and cheered by the -sentiments therein expressed.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Simcoe</span>, <i>February 24, 1874</i>.</p> - -<p>Having attended Prof. O. S. Pratt’s lectures to his class -and also having seen the practical application of his system, -as given by him every afternoon and evening at his academy, -and believing it to be far the best ever seen in Canada, so -clear and practical that the merest novice can understand -and use it, and yet so comprehensive that the most skillful -horseman can be instructed by it, we deem it of utmost importance -that all persons owning, using, or at all interested in -horses, avail themselves of Prof. Pratt’s knowledge on that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123"></a>[123]</span> -subject. He educates the man to educate the horse, the only -practical method to be of permanent benefit.</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">George Battersby</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Asa A. Pursell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. W. Shaw</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. F. Chadwick</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Omer Culver</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. F. Counter</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">M. C. Brown</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">P. P. Newell</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John Matthews</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Asa J. Cook</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">E. E. Collins</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Samuel Barnes</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. H. Adams</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. J. Harris</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John W. Lee</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">D. B. Palmerton</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">William Mills</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Thomas Marshall</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James Langtry</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John Mills</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John A. Culver</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Frank L. Culver</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Jeremiah Potts</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James Barber</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. R. Robinson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Joseph Brook</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John Beaupre, Jr.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">S. G. Emes</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Hiram Bowlby</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. B. Carpenter</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. R. Nelles</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James Schuyler</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Henry Bennett</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">C. Allen</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. W. Smith</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Albert Marlatt</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">George Lowrie</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Alex. Beaupre</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Robert Little</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Chris. Coleman</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. T. Kendall</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Thomas Hambly</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. Richardson, V. S.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James Nicholson</span>.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p>Part of Simcoe class numbering 227 in ten days.</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124"></a>[124]</span></p> - -<h3 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.</h3> - -<p class="subhead">TORONTO—“BRITISH ENSIGN”—DIPLOMA—SILVER TEA SET—HAMILTON—BELLEVILLE—DIPLOMA—PICTON.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Winter was now drawing nigh, and, as I was -desirous to reach Toronto, the Queen City of -the Province of Ontario, as soon as possible, I -made but a short stay at Brantford and other -towns on my way. Arriving at Toronto about -the last of November, 1874, I secured possession -of the Riding Academy, and fitted it up at considerable -cost, after which I gave public exhibitions, -which awakened an increasing interest. I -remained there sixty days, my class becoming -larger daily, until, at the close of my labors, my -register showed the names of nearly thirteen -hundred members, many of whom were amongst -the most influential citizens of the place. During -my stay I handled some two hundred horses, -each of whom had been addicted to some bad -habit.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus13b"> -<img src="images/illus13b.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Toronto Academy—PRESENTATION OF TEA SERVICE AND ILLUMINATED ADDRESS.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125"></a>[125]</span></p> - -<p>Many members of my class were desirous -that I should exhibit the power of my system to -educate horses not to fear the steam engine, and, -that I might meet their wishes, I procured a -steam fire engine, which I caused to be placed in -my academy. During my stay there I educated -some hundred horses to the perfect satisfaction -of their owners, and the evident gratification of -my class. Amongst others, I may name as a -signal triumph of my system the case of the -stallion “British Ensign,” owned at Richmond -Hill, who, from his vicious habits of long standing, -was thought to be incurable, and, as a last -resort, I was solicited to handle him. This was -at the close of my labors there, and, the day -being announced, the members of my class gathered -in force to witness my last effort in their -city. The horse was led into the ring by two -men by means of iron rods securely fastened on -each side of his mouth. From the account -given of this animal, one would almost expect -that a man could tame a lion of the desert as -easily as him; but, strange as it may seem, within<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126"></a>[126]</span> -ten minutes he followed me around the ring as -meekly as a lamb, and within forty-five minutes -I was able to drive him before a vehicle, without -reins or side-straps, greatly to the surprise of -the throngs who had assembled to witness the -spectacle.</p> - -<p>The power and efficacy of my system was so -completely demonstrated that the leading journals -of the city made favorable mention of my -unparalleled success, while my class signalized -their sense of the value of my system for properly -educating the horse by presenting me with -an illuminated address, the elegant execution of -which reflects credit on the artist, while the -courtly language and graceful sentiments are -worthy of the distinguished gentlemen whose -names it bears. Not satisfied with this, they accompanied -the address with a costly tea-service -of silver, the intrinsic value of which was at -least three hundred dollars. Long will the recollections -of my Toronto class cluster about my -memory, and fill my mind with pleasing emotions. -The following is the diploma presented<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127"></a>[127]</span> -by the Toronto class, the original of which -can be seen in my possession, on parchment:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Toronto</span>, <i>January, 1875</i>.</p> - -<p><i>Dear Sir</i>: The undersigned, on behalf of the members -of your numerous class in this city, desire to testify their -appreciation of the valuable instructions you have imparted -to them. The unwearying assiduity with which you have -endeavored to make those instructions comprehensive and -entertaining, and their high estimation of your admirable -system of educating and managing the horse. The knowledge -imparted to us during the many lectures and exhibitions -of your unexampled method of treating that noble animal -may be of incalculable benefit to many of us. We do not -hesitate to say that numbers of accidents occur daily (many -fatally) through an insufficient knowledge of managing the -animal you have made so perfectly subject to your will, and -we advise every one whose business or profession require -frequent, if not constant, use of the horse to embrace an -early opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of your system. -Farmers, whom business occasionally calls into our cities, and -the immediate neighborhood of our railways, we especially -urge the necessity of learning your simple and effective -method of control, a method easily understood by the instructive -faculties of the horse as by the reasoning faculties -of men.</p> - -<p>We trust that your sojourn in the Queen City of the West -has been both pleasant and remunerative, so far at least that -will at no distant day induce your return.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128"></a>[128]</span></p> - -<p>In conclusion, we beg your acceptance of the accompanying -Tea-Service. Hoping that it may recall favorably -to your recollection those who constituted your class in -Toronto and who unanimously wish you every success in -your laudable and humane profession.</p> - -<p>Signed, on behalf of the class, numbering 1,254 members.</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">A. Macnabb</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Jos. Grand, Sr.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Bond</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">B. Cooper</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">C. W. Johnson</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Paul, V. S.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. Gouram</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. Gouram</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Hay, Sr.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. Hay, Jr.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. H. Smith</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. Hay</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Hon. Geo. Brown</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">T. C. Patterson</span>, Mail,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. McCaller, M. P. P.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. Brown</span>, Shoe Manf.,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Hon. Frank Smith</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Andrew Smith, V. S.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. W. Torrano</span>, Merchant,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. Smith, M. P. P.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">W. A. Murray</span>, Merchant,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">F. T. Worts</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">James G. Worts</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Austin Smith</span>,</li> -<li>And 1,230 others.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p>Before closing my notice of Toronto, I would -refer with grateful words to the kind, and even -laudatory, notices which my system and myself -received from the ably conducted press of that -city, and, I might add, of the whole Province, as -the following extracts will evince.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_129"></a>[129]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;" id="illus13"> -<img src="images/illus13.jpg" width="700" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TEA SERVICE FROM TORONTO CLASS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_130"></a>[130]</span></p> - -<p>The Toronto <i>Mail</i> thus speaks:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_131"></a>[131]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Horse Education.</span>—To-day we place before our readers -illustrations of several of the numerous articles, with the -text of the numerous addresses, presented to Prof. Pratt, the -horse educator. By close observation, an accurate knowledge -of the construction of the horse and its habits, and above -all by a recognition of those sound common-sense principles -advanced by the best teachers of the human kind. Mr. Pratt -has been enabled to build up a system which for its thoroughness -and adaptability is unexcelled in the present day. -That this is not an unwarranted assertion is proved incontestably -by the testimony of the leading horsemen of the -United States and Canada, though Mr. Pratt has been but -a short time in the Dominion. Wherever he has established -classes, a just tribute has been paid to his great services -both to man and beast. In Baltimore 3,590 pupils -surrounded him, and he left with the thanks of the citizens, -and was presented with a magnificently mounted whip. -Detroit rallied 1,200 members, who gave the Professor a -musical box to sweetly play the song of their appreciation. -The Washington class of 2,500 members, presented a gold -medal, and that of Philadelphia, of 4,886 members, a gold-headed -cane. Toronto has not been behindhand, for, as -already announced, the class here made a presentation of a -beautiful tea-service and illuminated address. The Toronto -class now numbers 1,254 members.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_132"></a>[132]</span></p> - -<p>The Toronto <i>Globe</i>, in brief but well considered -words, declares:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Prof. Pratt’s lectures on the treatment of animals are invaluable -to farmers and all owners of horses and cattle. -We only wish every farmer and farmer’s boy in Canada -could attend one lecture.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The <i>Canada Farmer</i>, the leading agricultural -paper of the Province, in describing a visit to -my exhibitions and lectures, remarks:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>We have seldom passed an evening so pleasantly, or with -so much real profit, and our advice to every farmer and -farmer’s son in the country is, to take a course of lessons if -possible, but at all events to attend one of Professor Pratt’s -public exhibitions. We feel perfectly satisfied that a couple -of hours spent in witnessing one of these performances will -impart a better idea of the nature and management of the -horse than is possible to obtain by any course of reading on -the subject, and in this respect alone one such entertainment -is worth fifty times the amount charged for a life-membership.</p> - -</div> - -<p>I next visited the city of Hamilton, where I -was welcomed by many warm friends, who took -an active interest in my welfare and seemed -delighted with my system, which, at this time, -had gained great favor with the Canadian people.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_133"></a>[133]</span> -Here I formed a large and profitable class, and -secured the friendship of many, from whom I -have since met a cordial reception.</p> - -<p>Leaving Hamilton, I directed my course to -the town of Whitby, where I formed a class -of one hundred and twenty-five; next visiting -Oshawa, where my class reached the number of -one hundred and forty; then to Bowmanville, -where a class of a hundred rewarded my efforts; -from there to Port Hope, where one hundred -and fifty joined the class I opened; thence to -Belleville, where I enrolled about one hundred -names. After having left the latter place for -about a week, I was followed by a messenger, -dispatched to me by my class, who bore a -diploma highly eulogizing my system. It was -as follows:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_134"></a>[134]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Belleville</span>, <i>May 11, 1875</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt.</span></p> - -<p><i>Dear Sir</i>: We, the undersigned, express our satisfaction -of the tuition we have received from you in the education of -the horse and most cheerfully recommend your art to all -who own, have or use horses, as being the best known and -exhibited.</p> - -<p>The manner in which you handled all the vicious horses -brought to you here, completely subduing them in a very -short time, gave us the greatest satisfaction.</p> - -<p>Your liberality and gentlemanly deportment have secured -numerous friends.</p> - -<p>Trusting you will meet with the same success in other -places that attended you here, and hoping you may be long -spared to propagate your noble system of horse training, we -are, etc.</p> - -<p class="center">(Signed),</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">H. B. Hunt</span>, Brewer.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. H. Ramoy, C. E.</span></li> -<li><span class="smcap">C. Ramoy</span>, Coal Merchant.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Dr. Tracey, M. D.</span></li> -<li><span class="smcap">S. M. Hicks</span>, Miller.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">E. F. Pots</span>, Wholesale Liquor Merchant.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. C. L. Ware</span>, P. O. Clerk.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">John Lake</span>, Livery.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">T. C. Walbridge</span>, Ex-M. P.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Wellington Boulter</span>, Insp. Life Ins. Co.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Geo. A. Simpson</span>, Coal Merchant.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Stephen Garrett</span>, Bailiff.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Hawley & Morden</span>, Hawley House.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. W. Allen</span>, P.O. Clerk.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Henry McNinch</span>, Blacksmith.</li> -<li>And ninety others.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_135"></a>[135]</span></p> - -<p>From Belleville I went to the town of Picton, -where I found many admirers of that noble animal, -the horse. Though the place is not large, -the people flocked to my exhibitions, and gave -me a class of one hundred and forty members, -while, after I had left their town, and was -engaged at the village of Wellington, twelve -miles distant, a deputation from Picton waited -on me, and presented me with the following -diploma, which will speak for itself:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Picton</span>, <i>May 17, 1875</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Prof. O. S. Pratt</span>:</p> - -<p>We, the members of your class, formed in the town of -Picton, are unwilling to allow you to take your leave without -warmly expressing the great satisfaction that has been -ours since your arrival among us. Your plain, lucid and -highly interesting lectures, combined with your gentlemanly -deportment, has been such as to leave a lasting and beneficial -impression on our memories. Your manner of handling -vicious and untutored horses has been highly gratifying -to us, and the rapid progress made by you clearly -proves the superiority of your system. Your book, so replete -with instructions, illustrating what we have seen practically -demonstrated, will, we believe, greatly benefit us in the practice -of your system in future years.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_136"></a>[136]</span></p> - -<p>Believe us, dear sir, to bespeak for you unequaled success -in your future efforts.</p> - -<p class="center">Yours, etc., etc.,</p> - -<div class="ul"> -<ul> -<li><span class="smcap">G. Striker, M. P. P.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">E. Louks</span>, Rector of Picton.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">A. M. Kerr</span>, Bank Agent.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Fred. White</span>, Teller.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Bidwell Way</span>, Ed. “New Nation.”</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. H. Allen</span>, Mayor,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">J. F. Ingsoll, M. D.</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Colin Gearing</span>, Merchant.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">R. A. Norman</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">G. E. Vandusen</span>,</li> -<li><span class="smcap">Richard Lake</span>, Hotel Keeper.</li> -<li><span class="smcap">M. Clark</span>, Merchant,</li> -<li>And one hundred and twenty others.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<p>After forming classes in several places in the -old loyal county of Prince Edward, and meeting -with good success, I crossed the beautiful -waters of the Bay of Quintie, arriving at the -town of Napanee about the first of June, 1875. -There I formed a class of one hundred. Pursuing -my journey, I traveled north and west, -exhibiting at many places, until I reached the -town of Peterborough, where I remained a short -time, and formed a class of one hundred members. -Departing thence, I visited many towns -and villages, forming classes in each, on my way<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_137"></a>[137]</span> -to Lindsay, at which place I enrolled the names -of seventy-eight members.</p> - -<p>From Lindsay I went to Fenelon Falls, quite -a newly-erected town, yet I found many there to -whom my visit was a pleasure, as I soon obtained -a class of some sixty members.</p> - -<p>Passing on westward, I continued to meet with -success, forming classes in some few small villages -until, on the 9th of September, I entered -the beautiful town of Barrie. There I found -warm friends, and many lovers of the horse, who -met me cordially, and gave me a class of one -hundred and thirty-five members.</p> - -<p>I next shaped my course northward, to the old -town of Penetanguishine, on the eastern shore of -Georgian Bay. The larger portion of the inhabitants -are French Canadians, many of whom are -unable to speak our language. I was informed -by some of the old inhabitants that the town -was first settled a century ago; but, notwithstanding -this, their progress has been slow, as at -present the population is but about one thousand. -My class in this place numbered about<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_138"></a>[138]</span> -seventy persons, who seemed highly pleased -with my system of educating the horse.</p> - -<p>At Penetanguishine I took passage on the -steamer Waubuno for Collingwood. The boat -is commanded by Captain Peter Campbell, a -courteous gentleman, who possesses the power -of so adapting himself to his passengers as to -make a trip with him pleasant in both the enjoyment -and the retrospect, while the romantic -scenery which meets the eye of the voyager who -ascends the bay is so beautiful that, were it not -for the severity of the winters there, one might -easily be tempted to select his home amongst -the beauties of nature which adorn the shores -of Georgian Bay.</p> - -<p>On arriving at Collingwood, I gave an exhibition -that created a strong interest among the -citizens, and resulted in my forming a good class, -who manifested both satisfaction and delight -with the instructions I imparted.</p> - -<p>After exhibiting at small towns on the way, I -arrived at the truly beautiful and lately-incorporated -town of Meaford, on the fifth day of October.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_139"></a>[139]</span> -A drenching rain was falling, which seemed -to indicate that my prospects of success would -be blighted by the inauspicious storm; but, as -the day swept on towards noon, the parting -clouds allowed the golden sunbeams to flow -through, and, by two o’clock, the whole aspect of -the scene was changed. I gave a public exhibition, -and formed a class of nearly one hundred -members.</p> - -<p>From Meaford I traveled over bad roads until -I reached Owen Sound. Here I did not find as -many lovers of the horse as I anticipated, yet I -was pleased before the close of my labors by -meeting a good degree of success.</p> - -<p>Georgian Bay, near the southern bend of -which is Owen Sound, is a beautiful sheet of -water, broadening out as it leaves Lake Huron, -with which it is connected, and forming what -seems like a land-locked lake in itself. Large -steamers leave this port for Lake Superior, and -many tourists deem this route one of the most -pleasing of all on the upper lakes. Ere long, it -is asserted, a communication will be opened from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_140"></a>[140]</span> -this point to Winnipeg and the far-off Province -of Manitoba.</p> - -<p>Having thus brought my narrative down to -the present time, I would add a few words to the -reader who may have kindly followed me through -the scenes I have recorded. In what I have -written one object has been to show the strong -and unqualified endorsement my system of -equine education has everywhere received from -the men best qualified to judge of its merits, -while, at the same time, the narrative is a fitting, -and I hope not an uninteresting, introduction to -the system itself, which, with other matter relating -to the general subject, will be fully and clearly -taught in the following portions of the book.</p> - -<p>And now, with a hearty appreciation of the -unvarying kindness he has received from his -patrons in all portions of the land, the author -begs leave to respectfully dedicate this work to -those whose aid, appreciation and friendship -have so often cheered him in his efforts.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_141"></a>[141]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="HISTORY_OF_THE_HORSE">HISTORY OF THE HORSE</h2> - -</div> - -<p>From the earliest ages this noble animal has -been the friend and companion of man. Prized -for his beauty, loved for his docility, and valued -for his strength, he has ever been regarded as -the highest in value and importance of all -domesticated animals. In the remotest ages, as -far back as authentic history discloses anything -of the life and pursuits of man, we find that the -horse occupied a prominent position in his service. -Painters have pictured on their canvas the -majesty and grace of the spirited animal. Poets -have celebrated his strength and beauty in their -verses, and even inspired writers have introduced -amongst their most glowing descriptions the -horsemen and chariots which formed a chief -feature in the pomp and magnificence of those -early days.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_142"></a>[142]</span></p> - -<p>In the most ancient hieroglyphs we find him -present, and always so represented as to show -that, even in the remote antiquity from which -they date, he had been brought into complete -and serviceable subjection. In the oldest Egyptian -paintings the horse is seen only in the war -chariot, and in the descriptions of the siege of -Troy only the charioteer appears, from which it -has been supposed that the first horses used by -the Greeks were too small to be conveniently -ridden. But in the lately-discovered paintings -in the palace of Nimrod, at Nineveh, disinterred -by Layard, and supposed to be more than three -thousand years old, horsemen are exhibited both -in the chase and war.</p> - -<p>But further back than even those distant times, -in the ages where authentic history merges into -the shadowy light, amidst which myth and fable -mingle with the real, we find this noble animal -figuring, but then exalted into a semi-human -sphere. The Centaurs, who inhabited the passes -of Mts. Pelion and Ossa, and the great plains of -Thessaly, in Upper Greece, were probably a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_143"></a>[143]</span> -race resembling in many respects the Tartars of -this age, and are supposed to have been the first -who brought the horse into subjection to man. -They were fabled as being half horse and half -man. They are represented as perfect horses in -all respects below and behind the withers and -the chest; there, at the insertion of the neck, -began a human body, the hip-joints articulating -into the shoulders of the lower animal, and the -abdomen of the man passing gradually into the -chest of the horse. Above this the human form -was perfect, with the erect bearing, chest, shoulders, -arms, neck and head of a complete man. -They were reputed to be possessed of extraordinary -mental as well as physical powers, and to -be as superior to ordinary men in wisdom and -art as they were in fleetness and strength. They -were evidently a tribe of horsemen whom the -ignorance and superstition of that early period -elevated into a superior race, in the supposition -that the horse and man were united in one. -Everything points to them as being the first -who succeeded in breaking and using the horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_144"></a>[144]</span></p> - -<p>Coming down to the times of authentic history, -we find the Parthians to have been amongst -the most renowned for their skill in training and -using the horse. Their feats of horsemanship -in battle showed a complete mastery of the animal, -which, in their battles with the Romans, -rendered them so efficient as mounted archers.</p> - -<p>Frequently, in ancient paintings, the mounted -steed is represented without a bridle, and the -Numidian cavalry are said to have guided and -restrained their horses without it; an assertion -by no means improbable, as a Comanche Indian -of the present day will frequently jump on the -back of a wild and untrained horse, and guide -him by the simple expedient of covering with -his hand the eye of the animal on the side opposite -to that in which he wishes to direct it.</p> - -<p>In modern times the horse has been so closely -associated with man that he appears in every -phase of society, and it is only when his numerous -uses are considered that we realize how -greatly the human family is his debtor. The -knight of the days of chivalry would have been<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_145"></a>[145]</span> -impossible but for the trusty steed which bore -him so gallantly in the lists at the tourney, and -amidst the deadlier strife of the battle. Before -the plow and at the harrow he has multiplied the -productions of the earth a hundred-fold beyond -what human strength alone could have secured. -Laboring before the loaded wagon, he has been -a steady drudge for man. Harnessed to the -elegant equipage or to the humbler “cab,” or -bearing along the dusty highway the stage-coach -of the traveler, he has performed a thousand -offices indispensable to human comfort and advancement. -It is not too much to claim for him -that civilization itself would have been shorn of -something of its present fair proportions but -for the valuable services rendered by this noble -animal.</p> - -<p>Yet, with all his acknowledged value, the horse -has been too frequently the victim of neglect -and cruelty; often ill-fed, poorly sheltered, and -harshly treated, till, in many cases, the innate -nobleness of his nature has been obscured by -vicious habits, contracted through the mismanagement<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_146"></a>[146]</span> -or abuse to which he has been subjected, -and perpetuated by ignorance and prejudice. -Naturally, the horse is usually gentle and -confiding; he is quick to perceive, and possesses -an excellent memory, which qualities render -him capable of being educated easily, and to -an extent far greater than is generally supposed. -Added to this, he is capable of deep and lasting -attachment.</p> - -<p>What the horse may have been in his natural -state is not known, as none at present exist in -that condition. The horses which at the present -day are found in a wild state in Northern Asia -and America, are known to be the descendants -of individuals formerly domesticated. On the -prairies of the West, the pampas of South -America, and the plains of Tartary, they live in -troops, roaming at large, without fixed place of -abode, seeking the richest pasturages by day, and -resting at night in dry and sheltered situations; -these large troops, which have lived independently -for many generations, entirely exempt from -the influence of man, probably afford a tolerably<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_147"></a>[147]</span> -correct idea of what the primeval animal was. -They are generally smaller, yet stronger, than -the domesticated animal, with rougher coats, -stronger limbs, and larger heads. Even when -adult, the wild horse is readily domesticated, and -may be broken to any use without great difficulty, -thus proving the natural gentleness and docility -of his nature. They are captured by the lasso, -bitted, mounted, and broken within an hour by -the daring and skillful Gauchos.</p> - -<p>The Arabians, long renowned for their attachment -to the horse, early showed the extent to -which intelligent training could develop his finer -qualities, and render him the most docile and -obedient of animals. Something in that country -or its climate is especially suited to the development -of the horse, and, although introduced -there long after his domestication in other eastern -countries, he rapidly attained a degree of -excellence which surpassed all others, until the -horses of Arabia and the adjacent portions of -Asia and Africa became the most celebrated for -speed, courage, spirit, intelligence and docility of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_148"></a>[148]</span> -any of the equine race. Small in size, he has a -beautiful, lean, bony head, with a very broad forehead, -a tapering muzzle, and large, well-opened -nostrils; his mane is very long, thin and silky. -It is from the Arabian horse, crossed with the -Barb, that the best stock of England and America -has sprung. Although much of the superiority -of these horses is attributable to peculiarly -favorable conditions of the country where they -originated, yet many of their excellent qualities -may be traced to kindness and intelligent training -by which those qualities were first developed, -and through which they have been transmitted -until they have become characteristics of the -race.</p> - -<p>The Arabian understands the value of his -horse, appreciates the nobility of his nature, and -treats him accordingly. They kiss and caress -them; they adorn them with jewels, and amulets -formed out of sentences of the Koran, as a preservative -against evil and accidents. “In short,” -says a modern author, “they treat them almost -like rational beings, which are ready to sacrifice<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_149"></a>[149]</span> -their lives for their master’s benefit.” In the -desert he is the familiar comrade, tentmate and -playmate of his master, as docile and intelligent as -a dog. Rev. V. Monro relates an anecdote of an -Arab, “the net value of whose dress and accoutrements -might be calculated at something under -seventeen pence half-penny,” who refused all offers -made to purchase a beautiful mare on which -he rode, declaring that he loved the animal better -than his own life. The French author, Dr. St. -Pierre, quotes a remarkable instance of the -attachment an Arabian feels for his horse: “The -whole stock of a poor Arabian of the desert consisted -of a most beautiful mare. The French -Consul at Said offered to purchase her, with an -intention of sending her to his master, Louis -XIV. The Arab, pressed by want, hesitated for -a long time, but at length consented, on condition -of receiving a very considerable sum, which -he named. The Consul, not daring, without -instructions, to give so high a price, wrote to -Versailles for permission to close the bargain on -the terms stipulated. Louis XIV gave orders<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_150"></a>[150]</span> -to pay the money. The Consul immediately -sent notice to the Arab, who soon after made -his appearance mounted on his magnificent -courser, and the gold he had demanded was -paid down to him. The Arab, covered with a -miserable rag, dismounts and looks at the money; -then, turning his eyes to the mare, he thus accosts -her: ‘To whom am I going to yield thee up? -To Europeans, who will tie thee close, who will -beat thee, who will render thee miserable. Return -with me, my beauty, my darling, my jewel, -and rejoice the hearts of my children!’ As he -pronounced these words, he sprung upon her -back and scampered off towards the desert.”</p> - -<p>It is not surprising that such a high appreciation -of and fondness for this noble animal, united -to an intelligent training, has resulted in the -production of a race of horses unrivaled in -excellence. But among Europeans and Americans -the treatment of the horse has been usually -so harsh, and the mode of training so deficient -in intelligence, as to greatly lessen his value, even -where a brutal ignorance has not brought into<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_151"></a>[151]</span> -activity every vice latent in his nature. Of the -numerous faults ascribed to the horse a very -small portion are chargeable to his natural disposition, -the remainder being the direct result of -vicious training, or rather of the absence of -training, and the substitution of something which, -under that name, first produces and then fosters -the faults for which the animal is punished; -while often the punishment is ineffectual, because -the animal has no conception of why it is -made to suffer.</p> - -<p>Education is as essential to the horse as it is -to man, and in each case it must proceed on the -same general principles. Man, if uneducated -and untrained would degenerate into barbarism, -and the horse, unless brought under subjection -to an intelligent will, will remain wild and ungovernable. -In each case education is the process -by which the higher and better qualities are -developed and the lower and evil are restrained. -The first grand lesson to be learned by each is -that of subjection to authority; the child is -taught that by his parent; the horse must learn<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_152"></a>[152]</span> -it from his trainer. But, after that, knowledge -is required, and this must be imparted by methods -adapted to the nature that is to be cultivated. -The object of the practical portion of this book -is to show in what that knowledge consists and -how it may be communicated to the horse, and -so impressed upon his memory that it will never -be forgotten. The author has the fullest confidence -that the methods of breaking and training -the horse, herein taught, will, if early applied, -prevent his acquiring any of the faults which, -under former systems, have proved so numerous; -while the treatment recommended for correcting -bad habits, already formed, will prove effectual -in even the most stubborn cases, and with the -most intractable dispositions. The reader will -not be asked to accept any unproved theory, but -will be instructed in a system which, although -subjected to the severest tests, has never failed -to accomplish the desired results. And that it -never will fail, the author feels assured, it being -firmly based on reason and experience. That it -may require patience and self-control on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_153"></a>[153]</span> -part of the instructor the author does not deny; -but so does the instruction of a child, the breaking -of a dog to the gun, or even the training of -a vine to its trellis; but the satisfactory results -which are certain to be attained will furnish an -ample reward.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_154"></a>[154]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="DIRECTIONS_FOR_FEEDING_AND_FITTING">DIRECTIONS FOR FEEDING AND FITTING -A HORSE.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>1. <span class="smcap">To Raise a Trotter so that He will -Last a Long Time.</span>—A horse that is going to -display great excellence as a trotter will not -attain his speed at four years, nor at five, but -will reach his highest excellence when the well-bred -horse of seven years has been long gone -from the turf. <i>Nothing in nature, soon matured, -lasts long.</i></p> - -<p>In fitting a running horse, the case is different, -as his constitution is not the same; the colts of -blooded horses are inclined to mature earlier -than any others, and, being of leaner and wiry -build, they can stand more feed at an early -period than a lower-bred horse.</p> - -<p>There are good reasons, which I fully endorse, -for not feeding growing colts much grain. If -the colt is weaned, I would recommend from -one to two quarts per day, varying the quantity -according to his size, as one with a large, loose<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_155"></a>[155]</span> -frame will require more than a close-built colt, -which keeps in good order and fills out as he -grows up. Good pasturage, however, is the main -requisite. Give no corn to colts while they are -young. Late in the fall give your colt all the -hay he can eat, and be careful to have his oats -clean and of good quality. When his first winter -comes, let the colt have a good place to run, -and be well-housed at night. Never turn such -colts out with old horses, calves and heifers; -should you do so, you may expect a shivering, -scrawny colt, scarcely able to put one leg before -the other; while, by avoiding this error, your -colt will be as gay and frisky as when standing -by its mother.</p> - -<p>When weaning, a warm bran-mash, now and -then, with a few oats mixed in, will be beneficial; -it will do the whole system good, and improve -digestion. Give colts and horses all the water -they can drink, but do not give it often. Never -give a colt physic unless it is sick; to prevent -sickness, diet when symptoms of indisposition -appear.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_156"></a>[156]</span></p> - -<p>Yearling colts should have three quarts of -oats per day; their other food must be abundant -and good. When two years old in the spring, -give four quarts of oats per day; when three -years old give six quarts, and when four years -old give eight quarts daily.</p> - -<p>2. <span class="smcap">To Mouth and Bit a Colt.</span>—The bitting -must not be continued long at a time, from five -to twenty minutes is sufficient, great care must -be observed not to overdo the colt as short lessons, -often repeated, make a better impression -and are more lasting. When the colt becomes -fatigued his temper will begin to rise, and I am -satisfied that two-thirds of horses viciously inclined -are made so by improper handling when -young. In handling a two-year-old trotter the -utmost care, as well as gentleness and firmness, -must be exercised. It was not customary, in former -times, to handle colts until they were four -years old, but later experience has shown the -advantages of beginning at an earlier age. A -colt can be taught at two years old, and be made -to trot at three if the handling is properly done.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_157"></a>[157]</span> -But a danger to be especially guarded against is -the impatience of the owner who, when he finds -that the young colt can trot a little, always desires -to see him do it more or a little faster. If -he pushes the colt in such a way he will soon -have one that will do nothing. The only proper -and safe way is to proceed gradually, but continually; -the colt should be kept at it gently, so as -to retain all he learns, which he will do if he is -not forced off his feet.</p> - -<p>Then break him to ride; mount and dismount, -but do not straddle him till he gets accustomed -to your getting off and on; then ride him for a -few moments, but not so long that he will get -leg-weary. I recommend less walking for trotters -than was formerly employed.</p> - -<p>3. <span class="smcap">To Educate Him for the Road.</span>—In -doing this the skeleton is preferable, to keep the -weight off his back. Take your horse to some -track; if there is none, then upon the road; do -not speed him along at the same rate; but -in short “spurts,” when he will extend himself -without injury. If he seems tired, let him up a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_158"></a>[158]</span> -little. You must watch for such indications, as -this is a critical time in the education of your -horse. This jogging should not exceed from -two to four miles a day, with “spurts” of not -over a quarter of a mile. You should carefully -ascertain whether or not he improves, as at this -age his improvement should be constant. Perhaps, -at this time, you may see him break his -gait, showing that he has had too much work for -his age and has become sore. Then suspend -your driving and when he gets well apply my -trotting rig as shown in the engraving. The -colt then, finding something on his mouth and -legs to keep him steady, will alter his way of -going. Though he is to be taught to go without -being pulled hard, it should still be remembered -that the colt or horse will often want to get his -head down and feel the bit. The driver should -then support him, with as little pull as possible, -yet enough to accomplish that purpose; the -horse with good mouth will always feel the -driver’s hand.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_159"></a>[159]</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_160"></a>[160]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SYSTEM_OF_EDUCATING_THE_HORSE">SYSTEM OF EDUCATING THE HORSE.</h2> - -</div> - -<h3><i>NEW METHOD OF HALTERING A VICIOUS OR WILD COLT.</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus14"> -<img src="images/illus14.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">NEW METHOD OF HALTERING A VICIOUS OR WILD COLT.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_161"></a>[161]</span></p> - -<p>Having directed my attention for many years -to compiling a system of educating the horse, -and traveling over twenty-five States of the -Union, together with nearly all the cities and -towns in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, -during the past eight years, it is highly probable -that few, if any, men are better prepared to -impart instruction or to give direction with -regard to the management of the horse than -myself. Therefore, without being egotistic, or -overrating my ability, I can but say that, if the -reader will adopt the various ideas found in my -work relating to the colt alone, he will have -gained knowledge sufficient to more than repay -him for the amount paid for the book.</p> - -<p>I deem it advisable to give special directions -to those who raise colts, not only as to their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_162"></a>[162]</span> -manner of treatment and education, but, knowing -full well the difficulty sometimes attending -the first haltering of wild colts, I have prepared -the foregoing plate as illustrative of my method, -and now proceed to give directions which, if -strictly followed, will insure success.</p> - -<p>Take a pole about ten feet long; drive a nail -near the end, then drive another about fifteen -inches from it; now take a rope halter, and hang -the part that goes on the top of the head on -these nails; then enlarge the nose-piece, by -means of the slip-noose, sufficiently to allow it -to slip on easily, observing to hold the halter -stale in your hands with the pole; approach your -colt with great care, and allow him to smell of -the halter, and, in a few minutes, he will yield to -your advances, and allow you to place the halter -on him without much difficulty. Make the -shank or stale of the halter about three times -the ordinary length, for, as soon as he finds himself -caught, he will use his best exertions to get -away from you.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_163"></a>[163]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO THE WORDS “COME HERE.”</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_164"></a>[164]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus15"> -<img src="images/illus15.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO THE WORDS “COME HERE.”</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_165"></a>[165]</span></p> - -<p>Place a Camanche bridle on the horse, made -as follows: take a small cord about sixteen feet -long, tie the end around the neck firmly, so that -it cannot slip; then double your cord, placing it -under the neck, from, the shoulder to the mouth; -step back at the side of your horse, and say -“Come here;” at the same time give him a sharp -jerk, and he will swing around to you; when he -comes, caress him with your hand on the shoulder; -now repeat the same on opposite side, -remembering to caress each time; do this four -or five times, and you will find that your horse -will obey and fully understand the words “come -here.” Always speak the words with a distinct -and commanding tone of voice.</p> - -<p>I desire that the reader may understand that -obedience in the horse is accomplished by pain; -so, when you inflict pain, accompanied by a word, -the horse is made to understand that the words<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_166"></a>[166]</span> -mean pain; and, rather than suffer pain, he -cheerfully obeys the word.</p> - -<p>Persons have practiced the foregoing idea and -succeeded in accomplishing their purpose and -have, no doubt, been highly gratified that their -horse was so intelligent, yielding a quiet obedience -to their efforts in a very short time; now -had the owner known that a foundation for a -complete education was properly laid, how easily -could he have built a superstructure thereon that -would have been permanent and beneficial during -the life of the animal. Men are often conceited -and think that because they have experienced -no difficulty in the past in breaking and handling -their horses, therefore all will be sunshine in the -future. I would advise a careful perusal of my -work, and, by so doing, those of the character -above described will have their conceit supplanted -as they gain the knowledge of a practical -system of properly educating the horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_167"></a>[167]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO LAY A HORSE DOWN.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_168"></a>[168]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus16"> -<img src="images/illus16.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HOW TO LAY A HORSE DOWN.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_169"></a>[169]</span></p> - -<p>Place a rope or rein around the horse’s body, -forming a surcingle; pass the other end under -the tail and bring it back, tying it to the part -around the body, thus forming a surcingle and -crooper; also put a ring, say an inch in diameter, -in the surcingle on the back; then strap up the -nigh fore-leg as follows: take a quarter-strap, -pass it two or three times around below the fetlock, -then through the keeper; bring the leg up -and buckle close to the belly; place around the -neck a quarter-inch strong rope, loosely, fixing -the knot so it will not slip; bring the end down -the near side of the head, through the mouth, -and back on the off-side through the ring in the -surcingle; now take a position on the nigh-side -of the horse, commencing to pull gently, allowing -him to struggle a short time, after which he -will lie down quite easily, without sustaining any -injury.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_170"></a>[170]</span></p> - -<p>By adhering strictly to the instructions given, -every person will readily see, that the object in -laying the horse down is to give him to understand -that you are master; and, after repeating -this two or three times, he will be perfectly satisfied -of the fact. While down, place a small -pole between his legs, moving it about; if he -shows fear or resists, give him a sharp pull on -the cord in his mouth by way of correction. In -other words, punish him for doing wrong, and -caress him for doing right, thus making him -understand the difference between right and -wrong.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_171"></a>[171]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_172"></a>[172]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus17"> -<img src="images/illus17.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HOW TO GET A HORSE UP THAT THROWS HIMSELF.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_173"></a>[173]</span></p> - -<p>Animals are often sulky, and quickly acquire -the habit of lying down. Balky horses, when -urged to go, will lie down and refuse to get up, -and an ox will sometimes lie down in the furrow -when before the plough. When the habit is -thoroughly settled, it becomes very annoying to -the owner or driver, who often resorts to severe -means, but fails to accomplish the end desired; -therefore, to prevent violence and ill-treatment, -I give the easy and simple remedy subjoined, -which, when adopted, will be found to be practical -and <i>never-failing</i>:</p> - -<p>Raise the animal’s head up, as illustrated in -the foregoing plate, and pour into his nostril a -small quantity of water, not to exceed a pint, -from a pitcher or cup, and you will be amused by -the pleasing result: the animal will rise to his -feet as quickly as it is possible for him to do so;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_174"></a>[174]</span> -he believes himself to be drowning, and will -extricate himself with all speed.</p> - -<p>Simple as is this expedient, it is yet unfailing -in its efficacy; and that which most commends it -to the acceptance of kind-hearted men is the -absence of all cruelty in its application. No -pain is caused, but the unusual sensation, together -with the necessity for air on the part of -the horse, banishes his former feeling of sulkiness -or anger and the yields to the almost irresistible -impulse to spring to his feet and free -his nostrils of the water.</p> - -<p>If any one who has never applied this remedy -should doubt its power, he only needs to try the -experiment in a mild way on himself, when he -will realize its power upon the horse.</p> - -<p>I believe it would be impossible to devise -another method so free from pain, so harmless -to the horse, and yet so thoroughly efficacious as -is the one we have here given.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_175"></a>[175]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A COLT NOT TO BE AFRAID OF HIS HEELS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_176"></a>[176]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus18"> -<img src="images/illus18.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COLT NOT TO BE AFRAID OF HIS HEELS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_177"></a>[177]</span></p> - -<p>Too much importance cannot be attached to -the manner of educating a horse’s heels, as it is -in that point his greatest means of defense and -resistance lies, and most men make the mistake -of breaking one end of the horse, while they -allow his hind parts to go uneducated. The -instructions I am about to give will, if properly -followed, insure success.</p> - -<p>After laying your colt down, commence to -handle his hind parts and heels, being careful to -hold the cord firmly in your left hand, so that, if -he attempts to get up, you can control him; then -strike him gently with a stick, and, if he should -show fear, which he naturally will, punish him in -the mouth; then place the stick between his legs -and commence moving it around, and, if he -makes no resistance, remember to caress him; -almost as much is accomplished by caressing as -by punishing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_178"></a>[178]</span></p> - -<p>The above instruction is equally applicable to -a kicking horse, but in his education he will -require more lessons before the habit will be -entirely removed; still, kindness and a little -patience will soon accomplish all you desire.</p> - -<p>Men in general exercise too little patience in -the training of their colts, and they frequently -expect to accomplish more in a short space of -time than can possibly be performed. Yet the -time really required, when measured by days, is -so short as to be really surprising. Let us suppose -that in training a colt one were to spend -two hours a day for ten days, which is the longest -time that could possibly be needed; compute -the time at ten hours to the day, and the whole -amounts to but two days, at the end of which -he would have a well-educated animal. I doubt -if a farmer or horse-raiser could employ his time -more profitably in any other way than in thoroughly -educating his colts, as he thus enhances -their value, for there is no sensible man who -would not give ten dollars more for a properly -educated animal than for one improperly trained.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_179"></a>[179]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A COLT TO DRIVE BEFORE BEING HARNESSED.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_180"></a>[180]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus19"> -<img src="images/illus19.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COLT TO DRIVE BEFORE BEING HARNESSED.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_181"></a>[181]</span></p> - -<p>Place on him the Bonaparte bridle, as shown -in engraving, with your cord in the left hand and -whip in the right; the cord referred to should be -about eighteen feet long; now drive him around -a circle to the right about fifteen minutes; then -drive him to the left about the same time. You -have now educated your colt to drive, and may -with safety put on your harness, observing to -put the reins through the shaft tugs at his side; -then commence driving him carefully for some -fifteen minutes on a walk, turning him to the -right and left as before directed. Do not use -the whip more than sufficient to give him a -knowledge of its use. Never drive a colt without -blinders. It is better to first hitch him to a -sulky or a cart, and do not put on breechings, but -allow the cross-bar frequently to come against his -heels, so that he may never be afraid, or learn to -kick. Never forget, when your colt is obedient, -to stop him, and walk up to and caress him.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_182"></a>[182]</span></p> - -<p>I am unwilling to pass on to another illustration -without more fully impressing on the minds -of those who raise or break colts the necessity -of kind and careful usage in educating their animals. -Never approach your colt quickly. Never, -pull the halter or bridle off quickly. Always -handle the colt’s ears with great care. Never -punish him on the body with anything but a -whip, and with it as seldom as possible, as many -colts become sulky and show signs of balking -when severely whipped. It is better that you -should give your colt two or three lessons each -day, as heretofore directed, at intervals of say -two hours apart: by this means you do not -overtax his brain, nor cause him to get weary. -In this, as in many other cases, the wisest course -is to “make haste slowly.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_183"></a>[183]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO EDUCATE A COLT TO MOVE HIS BODY WHEN HE MOVES HIS HEAD.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_184"></a>[184]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus20"> -<img src="images/illus20.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COLT TO MOVE HIS BODY WHEN HE MOVES HIS HEAD.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_185"></a>[185]</span></p> - -<p>Place on your bridle, then your harness; carry -your reins through the shaft tugs; take your position -behind the horse (see engraving); now commence -to drive, turning him round frequently, -first to the right, then to the left, and he will -quickly understand to move his body when he -moves his head. By this means you are educating -to the shafts, and educating not to be afraid -of his heels, thus thoroughly breaking your -horse at both sides and both ends.</p> - -<p>After your colt has been driven two or three -times, as above described, educate him to obey -the word “whoa:” let him walk along smartly, -then speak plain, with audible voice, and say -“whoa;” at the same time pull on the reins with -some force; when he stops, caress him; repeat -this a few times, and, in the short space of fifteen -minutes, you will have taught him the use of the -word. Now your horse is educated to drive and -stop at the word of command.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_186"></a>[186]</span></p> - -<p>The next thing in order is to teach him to -back. To accomplish this, grasp your reins -firmly, and with a determined effort; speak -firmly, making use of the word “back,” at the -same time pulling with all your might; if he -obeys the first time, step up and caress him; -if not, increase the power by inviting one or -more of your friends to assist on the reins, -being fully determined to accomplish your purpose. -As soon as he obeys, don’t fail to caress -him, and by this process you will educate your -horse to the word, which he will never forget.</p> - -<p>Your colt being educated, you may now hitch -him up to a vehicle, observing to drive him very -slow, only on a walk, and after thus driving him -a few times, you can with certainty say that you -have a thoroughly educated horse, whose value -will be greatly increased, compared with the -old or any other system of breaking the colt. -<i>Always</i> observing to drive your colt with blinders, -only using the whip enough to let him know -the use of it. Be kind to your animal, never -using harsh means, and he will reward your -kindness by implicit obedience.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_187"></a>[187]</span></p> - -<h3><i>IMPROVED METHOD OF BITTING A COLT.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_188"></a>[188]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus21"> -<img src="images/illus21.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">IMPROVED METHOD OF BITTING A COLT.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_189"></a>[189]</span></p> - -<p>Use the Bonaparte bridle, placing a loop on -the lower jaw; carry the cord back on the neck, -bringing the end of the cord down through the -loop on the jaw; then draw the horse’s head up -in an easy and graceful position, and tie a bow-knot. -Should the horse attempt to rear and go -over backwards, give a little pull to untie the cord, -and the horse is saved from any accident. The -object aimed at in bitting a horse is to give an -easy position, with a high and graceful carriage -of the head, and, in our efforts to do this, we -must be careful not to give him a dead bearing -on the bit, or make him what is usually known -as a “lugger.” All the bitting rings which we -have examined, and especially those of English -make, are objectionable, as having a tendency -to produce this result. The rig which we here -give you is entirely free from this objection, and -is better calculated to produce the desired result -of ease and gracefulness than any ever before<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_190"></a>[190]</span> -presented to the public. Our rig, instead of -bearing on the jaw-bones whenever the horse -presses his weight upon the bit, producing a -calloused jaw and indifference to the bit, contracts -the side muscles of the cheek on the -molar teeth, with a pain the horse cannot endure; -he lifts his head, the bit falls on the side rein, and -the mouth is at once relieved. Practice has -shown that horses bitted with this rig soon -acquire the habit of gently and gracefully raising -the head with that occasional toss, or upward -and downward motion, and playing with the bit, -which is the perfection of beauty in a carriage -horse, while standing in the harness.</p> - -<p>It is not possible for a horse with our rig to -become a “lugger.” This bit never bears upon -the jaw-bone with more than a light pressure, and -when he attempts to rest his head upon the bit, -the pressure on the teeth causes him to desist -and elevate his head. He soon dreads to rest -upon the bit, and of his own free will, without -the force of the rein, carries it up with freedom -and ease.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_191"></a>[191]</span></p> - -<h3><i>EDUCATING THE COLT TO RIDE</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_192"></a>[192]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus22"> -<img src="images/illus22.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">EDUCATING THE COLT TO RIDE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_193"></a>[193]</span></p> - -<p>First put on the Bonaparte bridle, make a -double half-hitch, bringing it over the head, back -of his ears, and, carrying it down to the mouth, -place it under the upper lip, taking the end of -the cord in your right hand, placing it on the -horse’s rump; then place your left hand in the -mane; now spring partly on and off, as seen in -the plate on preceding page. Do this several -times; if he moves, punish him in the mouth, by -means of the cord; if he does not move, when -you get off caress him; then go to the opposite -side, repeating the same several times, after -which you may safely mount your horse, but be -particular not to remain on his back too long at -a time, as the strength of the animal is not yet -sufficiently developed to bear a protracted strain. -Like the young of all animals, the colt has a -great deal of energy and spirit, but lacks the -stamina to endure long-continued exertion, nor -can it be imposed on them without certain injury.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_194"></a>[194]</span></p> - -<p>Men do not act wisely by practicing the old -system of riding colts, viz., by mounting on the -back with reins and whip in hand, and, so soon -as the colt jumps about or rears, applying the -whip or heels; for the reason that the animal -<i>does not know</i> what you require of him, but -believes you design some injury, and therefore -resists your efforts to ride him. No wonder -that he repeatedly throws his rider and treats -him as an intruder. He cannot be less terrified -than a man would be if a wild animal were to -mount on his back. In order to secure success -in educating his colt to ride let the reader adopt -the foregoing instructions, and he will not have -cause for regret, but will find that he has gained -more than the single point of riding, as he has -taught his colt that he does not intend to harm -him, and that his duty is to yield a cheerful obedience -to his owner’s commands.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_195"></a>[195]</span></p> - -<h3><i>INSTRUCTIONS TO RIDE THE COLT.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_196"></a>[196]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus23"> -<img src="images/illus23.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">INSTRUCTIONS TO RIDE THE COLT.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_197"></a>[197]</span></p> - -<p>Take a small cord, ten to twelve feet long, -divide it in the center; then place the center -back of the ears, cross it in the mouth, then -bring both ends along the neck to the withers, -and tie a knot, thus forming a powerful bridle, -sufficient to ride the most vicious animal.</p> - -<p>Sacred history contains the declaration that -there is “the bridle for the horse, the whip for -the ass, and the rod for the fool’s back,” and, -while writing my book, I have often thought of -the first portion of that quotation. The power -of the bridle in controlling the horse is really -wonderful, and the new forms of powerful bridles -given in this work enable the most timid -rider to secure the mastery of the most powerful -animal. The one described above is excellent, -and can never fail to give satisfaction when -it is used as directed.</p> - -<p>There is no exercise so invigorating and scarcely -any so delightful as the manly one of riding -the horse, yet three-quarters of the pleasure of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_198"></a>[198]</span> -equestrianism depends on the early training of -the horse for this delightful exercise. The -rider who feels that he has beneath him an animal -obedient to his slightest wish, and which -responds to a touch of the heel or the lightest -pressure of the bit, moving to the lifting or the -falling of the bridle, such a rider feels almost as -though the horse on which he sits forms a portion -of himself, and courses onward with a -delightful sense of power and freedom. Nearly -all of this excellence in a riding-horse depends -on the way in which he has been educated while -young. Faults then acquired may be corrected, -it is true, in later years, yet it is far more desirable -that they should never have been formed, -but, in place thereof, the qualities secured which -form the excellence of a horse.</p> - -<p>I throw out these suggestions at this point, for -I am now dealing with the early education of -the colt; later in the book I shall have to speak -more of faults to be corrected, and it is my wish -to impress on my reader the great importance of -the kind of education which the colt receives at -his hands.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_199"></a>[199]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO HALTER-BREAK A COLT, AND HITCH IN THE STABLE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_200"></a>[200]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus24"> -<img src="images/illus24.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO HALTER-BREAK AND HITCH A COLT IN THE STALL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_201"></a>[201]</span></p> - -<p>Place the center of a sixteen-foot cord under -the horse’s tail, and bring it over and cross it on -the back; then tie it firmly in front of the breast -(as seen by reference to illustration on preceding -page); carry the halter-strap through the manger, -and bring it back under the mouth; then -tie the end of the strap to the cord in front of -the breast. The colt is now tied by the head -and tail. While he yields quietly to the confinement, -he is comfortable and easy, but the moment -he begins to resist he punishes himself; -this he soon learns, and in a little time ceases the -efforts which he finds to be productive of pain. -He will always remember the lesson, and give -no further trouble.</p> - -<p>It may seem a trifling thing to have gained -the result described above; yet, as the earth is -made up of grains of sand, so the thorough -education of the horse is the result of attention<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_202"></a>[202]</span> -to a multitude of small affairs, each one seeming -to be of little importance in itself, but which, in -their total, make the difference between a gentle -and an unruly animal.</p> - -<p>Too much care and attention cannot be -bestowed on the colt while you are giving him -lesson after lesson, as he is susceptible of impressions -that will take weeks to overcome, -provided you should through neglect or carelessness -omit to practice the instructions laid down. -Do not suppose that any of the directions -given in this book are unimportant. They are, -one and all, the result of long experience in the -management and education of the horse, and -each one, in its place and relation to the general -system, is as necessary, though perhaps not as -important, as any other. To be certain of reaching -the best results of the system, the reader -must not pass over any of our directions as unimportant -or unnecessary, but accept each as a -part of the system which it has required years -of time and thought to bring to its present state -of perfection.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_203"></a>[203]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK AT YOU WHEN ENTERING THE STALL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_204"></a>[204]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus25"> -<img src="images/illus25.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK AT YOU WHEN ENTERING THE STALL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_205"></a>[205]</span></p> - -<p>Place on the horse the Bonaparte bridle; then -drive a staple at the side of the stall, near the -manger, three or four feet from the floor; then -attach another staple at the entrance of the stall, -the same distance from the floor; now pass the -cord through both staples and tie it. When you -enter the stall, pull sharply on the rope; at the -same time use the words “go over.” The head -of the horse will be drawn towards you, and his -heels to the opposite side. Thus you avoid all -danger, and will very soon educate your horse -to abandon this bad habit.</p> - -<p>Vicious and annoying habits in horses often -owe their origin to bad management by their -owner or groom. Allow me to instance a few -examples: A man walks into the stable and -approaches his horse in the stall, and, if he -should move about quickly, the person springs -back from him, evidently showing his fear, which<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206"></a>[206]</span> -is at once noticed by the horse, and taken -advantage of; so that, after a repetition of this -two or three times, the animal fancies he is master, -and uses his heels to help the intruder out -of the stall. Another custom prevails: that of -striking a horse on the rump or hinder parts, with -a whip or stick in order to make him stand over, -and the effect is to irritate and cause him to -kick. Now, in order to insure success, walk up -to your animal manfully and determinately, observing -never to show fear, and by this means you -will never teach your horse to kick at you.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_207"></a>[207]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT KICKS OR PAWS IN THE STALL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_208"></a>[208]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus26"> -<img src="images/illus26.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT KICKS OR PAWS IN THE STALL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_209"></a>[209]</span></p> - -<p>First make the Bonaparte bridle, as before -directed; carry the cord through a surcingle, -attached around the body, back to a ring in front -of the hind-leg, to which are attached two straps, -one above and one below the gambol joint of -the leg he has the habit of kicking with; thus, -when he kicks, he is punished in the act, and -soon gives up the habit. <i>Pawing</i>—Continue the -cord forward to a ring attached to two small -straps above and below the knee-joint, as seen -on engraving, observing, as above directed, to -attach the appliance to the leg he paws with, -reversing the straps when required, which will -give a horse the knowledge that when he paws -he punishes himself, and the reader will see, by -this treatment, the habit speedily broken up.</p> - -<p>The habit of kicking in the stall is one that is -not only disagreeable to the owner of the horse -addicted to it, but is often destructive and costly,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_210"></a>[210]</span> -as a horse viciously inclined to that habit will -sometimes even splinter the boards of the stall, -and with so simple and effective a method of -correcting the bad habit it should never be tolerated -for a single day, and the possessor of this -book would be inexcusable should he suffer it to -continue in an animal owned by him.</p> - -<p>The habit of pawing in the stall, though not -so vicious in its nature as that of kicking, is yet -sufficiently troublesome and unpleasant to deserve -a speedy correction, and the owner of a -horse addicted to even the last-named fault will -be more than compensated for the slight trouble -caused in its removal.</p> - -<p>It may seem needless to repeat what has before -been said, in substance, that the seemingly -small faults of a horse are the ones which most -frequently lessen his value and impair his usefulness, -and that the removal of any one, however -trifling, adds a money value to the horse -more than sufficient to compensate for the time -and trouble expended.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_211"></a>[211]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO GET CAST IN THE STALL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_212"></a>[212]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus27"> -<img src="images/illus27.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO PREVENT A HORSE GETTING CAST IN THE STALL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_213"></a>[213]</span></p> - -<p>Drive a staple in the ceiling over the manger -at the side of the stall, then another in the ceiling -in the center of the stall over the horse’s -head; pass a small cord through the staple at -the side of the stall; tie a horseshoe, or the -weight of a horseshoe, so that the cord will not -draw through the staple; then put the cord -through the staple in the center of the stall, -bring it down within two and a half feet of the -floor, and cut it off, attaching a snap to the end; -place a ring in the halter at the top of the head, -in the center, as seen in engraving. Now, when -his head raises up, the weight comes down; when -his mouth is on the floor he can lie down with -ease, but he cannot get the top of his head to -the floor; and, if he cannot get the top of his -head to the floor, he cannot roll; and, if he cannot -roll, he cannot get cast. This remedy is as -simple as it is certain, and is always perfectly -safe.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_214"></a>[214]</span></p> - -<p>The habit of rolling in the stable is one often -attended with fatal results, in addition to the -anxiety experienced by the owner of the horse. -Various means are resorted to in order to prevent -the animal getting cast, and most of them -are wide of the mark; and, in order to acquaint -the reader with the variety of ways practiced, -so that he may contrast the difference between -others and mine, I have thought proper to write -more explicitly on the subject.</p> - -<p>A favorite idea with many is to tie the halter -so short that the animal cannot get his mouth -near the floor; this renders the horse uncomfortable, -as he cannot lie down when he desires. -Another is, hitching the halter-stale at the ceiling -directly over the head of the animal, and -allowing cord enough that he may get his mouth -on the floor; this, too, is attended with bad results, -for when he raises his head up there is -sufficient slack in the rope so as to permit his -getting his foot over the rope and become so -entangled as to render his position dangerous.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_215"></a>[215]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A COLT TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_216"></a>[216]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus28"> -<img src="images/illus28.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COLT TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_217"></a>[217]</span></p> - -<p>First put on the colt a common halter without -a leader, then place a small cord about eighteen -feet long, divided in the center, under the tail, -cross it on the back, then bring the ends through -between the under-jaw of the horse and the -nose-piece of the halter, and tie it to the hind -end of the wagon. This idea will be satisfactory, -and your colt will soon be educated to lead -without trouble to his owner. The expedient is -a very simple one, yet will invariably prove successful, -because the colt will find his own comfort -to be promoted by doing as you wish; and -this is one of the principles which underlie my -whole system of training—to make the horse -desire to do that which his owner wishes.</p> - -<p>Under this head I am satisfied that I cannot -be too particular in giving instructions, as persons -often grow merry when witnessing the -results produced from ideas that are so different<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_218"></a>[218]</span> -from their old and accustomed ones, practiced -for leading colts. After you have hitched your -colt in the manner described, do not start off -immediately, but let him remain as quiet as possible -for a few minutes, then start the wagon -slowly, and, if your colt attempts to rear or -plunge about, stop your vehicle, get out and -walk up quietly to your colt and caress him, and -when you start him again, if possible, walk along -by his side for a short time, then stop him again, -and again caress. His attention will not be attracted -by objects on the road, but very soon he -will understand that his chief business is to walk -on quietly away from the punishment inflicted -from the cord under his tail.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_219"></a>[219]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT IS BAD TO CATCH.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_220"></a>[220]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus29"> -<img src="images/illus29.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE THAT IS BAD TO CATCH.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_221"></a>[221]</span></p> - -<p>Horses acquire this habit mainly from improperly -turning them out; and, to illustrate, I will -give the reader an example. First, the man or -boy takes his horse to the bars or fence of the -field, and lets only a portion of either down; he -now takes off the bridle or halter, and, in order -to make the horse jump over, hits him on the -rump and shouts at him; thus the animal is -made to fear the approach of man when loose; -so that, with this kind of training, it soon becomes -difficult to catch, and requires education -in order to counteract this bad habit.</p> - -<p>Directions: Put on the Bonaparte bridle, and -tie a knot at the mouth, so as to prevent it from -slipping down to his teeth, when he might sever -the cord; then carry it up to his mane over the -shoulder; tie the mane together with a string; -then pass the cord through the loop thus made<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_222"></a>[222]</span> -with the mane, and carry the cord through a loop -made in the tail by same means, and let your -cord lay out behind from ten to fifty feet, as -required. Now, when you want your horse, go -carefully up behind him and take a firm hold of -the cord, and say “Come here,” at the same time -pulling with all your might. By giving him -three or four lessons of this kind, you may safely -take off the cord and go into the field, standing -about the same distance as when you last pulled -or the cord, and repeat the words “come here;” -he will quickly obey your voice, and give you no -more trouble in catching him.</p> - -<p>When it is remembered how much time is -often lost in catching a horse in the field, it will -be seen that, in money value, this simple point of -horse education will more than repay the cost of -this book to the owner of a horse that has heretofore -been bad to catch; and the saving of temper -as well as time will make the improvement in his -habits doubly valuable. Both the man and the -horse are made better by it.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_223"></a>[223]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO REAR UNDER THE SADDLE OR BEFORE A CARRIAGE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_224"></a>[224]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus30"> -<img src="images/illus30.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO REAR UNDER THE SADDLE OR BEFORE A CARRIAGE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_225"></a>[225]</span></p> - -<p>Attach a small cord tightly around the swell -of the body, tied with a loop-knot, and carry it -back into the carriage. By doing this you prevent -your horse from rearing, inasmuch as he is -unable to expand his body, and, without doing -so, it is impossible for him to rear. Simple as is -this method, the reader, if he should have occasion -to practice it, will find the idea of great -value, as it will never fail to prove effectual in -removing this, to say the least, unpleasant and -often dangerous habit. It is possible that the -habit might be broken up in other ways, but -there are none so harmless and easy of application -as is the one I have described.</p> - -<p>My readers will, I doubt not, receive with -kindly feelings not only the instructions on the -important points of educating their horses to -break off bad habits, but will profit by the ideas<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_226"></a>[226]</span> -and examples given of the various means -adopted by horse-handlers to create these habits. -In the present instance, it is rarely, if ever, known -that horses acquire the habit of rearing themselves, -but are prompted so to do by the means -used, viz., starting and stopping suddenly; pulling -sharply on the reins, and then striking the -animal with the whip, either of which is a sure -and certain means of producing this result—that -of causing the horse to rear up whenever you -desire to move off.</p> - -<p>The inconvenience and unpleasantness of such -a habit are too plain to need more than a mention, -besides its often occasioning great alarm to a -timid driver; and the simple yet practical means -I have given for breaking up the habit, will be -found successful whenever it is tried, as it always -should be where the habit exists.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_227"></a>[227]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE AND PREVENT A HORSE FROM CRIBBING.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_228"></a>[228]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus31"> -<img src="images/illus31.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE AND PREVENT A HORSE FROM CRIBBING.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_229"></a>[229]</span></p> - -<p>Build a manger on the floor or from the floor -up. In many cases this will prevent a horse -from cribbing by getting his mouth below his -chest.</p> - -<p>Another method, <i>sure to be effective</i>, is to place -a piece of sheep-skin of long wool, eight inches -wide and about three feet long, or long enough -to reach from one side of the stall to the other, -and on the skin sprinkle cayenne pepper; take -soft soap and rub it on any part of the stall -where the horse will be likely to crib. If the -above instructions are strictly adhered to, and -the horse is fed regularly, three times a day, -there will be little danger of his ever becoming -a cribber. The slight trouble which this remedy -involves will be repaid a hundred-fold by the -satisfaction felt in the prevention or cure of a -most disagreeable habit, and one which, like every -other fault, lessens the value of a horse. In -using the cayenne pepper, a small quantity will -be sufficient.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_230"></a>[230]</span></p> - -<p>There are more bad results accruing from -cribbing than many are aware of. From cribbing -the horse may become a crib-sucker, which -often results in colic, or, as it is sometimes -termed, belly-ache. When this occurs of course -it becomes a dangerous habit, and no one should -think it too much trouble to adopt the instructions -given under this head. Do not think you -can eradicate this habit by nailing tin or iron -over the manger; you cannot remove it thus; -your horse may desist for the time being, but -when put into a stall that is not thus arranged, he -will relapse into his old habit; but by adopting -the remedy I have provided he will be thoroughly -taught not to attempt to bite or gnaw -the manger.</p> - -<p>There is a wide difference between preventing -a horse from doing what he still wishes to do, -and taking from him the disposition to do wrong; -the latter alone can properly be called education, -and is the only way in which a bad habit can be -permanently removed. On this principle I base -my whole system; it is education, by appealing -to the intelligence of the horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_231"></a>[231]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE AND BREAK A HALTER-PULLER.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_232"></a>[232]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus32"> -<img src="images/illus32.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE AND BREAK A HALTER-PULLER.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_233"></a>[233]</span></p> - -<p>Place on the horse a common halter, without -tie-strap; then take a small cord, about 16 to -18 feet long; divide it on the center, place it -under the tail and cross it on the back; bring -the ends each side of the neck, then place the -ends through the halter under the mouth; tie -round a post or tree. Then tie a strap from the -mouth to the post or tree one foot shorter than -the rope, after making it taut from the tail; then -cut the strap half off, after which, frighten your -horse by rolling a barrel in front of him; now -he will fly back, breaking the strap, and he will -be caught under the tail, which is a severe punishment -that will, by repeating it two or three -times, educate him not to pull at the halter -again.</p> - -<p>The practical nature of the idea embraced in -the foregoing directions will be seen at a glance,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_234"></a>[234]</span> -for the following reason: the horse has from -time to time been guilty of pulling on his halter -and breaking it, much to the displeasure of the -owner, but probably much to the gratification of -the horse, who, perhaps, has come to take a sort -of pleasure in the act; now he is made to repeat -the same thing, unconscious of the result that -will follow, when immediately on carrying out -his old habit he receives a severe punishment inflicted -by the very act. The horse is, no doubt, -surprised, but he quickly learns to connect the -act and the suffering in his mind, and so soon as -he does that the habit is cured forever. This I -claim as a great excellence in my system, that -its results are all permanent; the cure is not for -a day only, but for all time; the very disposition -to do wrong is wiped out of the animal’s brain.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_235"></a>[235]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHEN THE LINE GETS UNDER HIS TAIL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_236"></a>[236]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus33"> -<img src="images/illus33.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHEN THE LINE GETS UNDER THE TAIL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_237"></a>[237]</span></p> - -<p>Horses become kickers from various causes, -and one most effectual in producing the habit, is -that when a horse gets the rein under his tail, -his driver, getting provoked, pulls strongly on -the rein in order to liberate it, and by this means -burns the skin beneath the tail, when the horse -becomes excited and commences to kick. The -driver then usually begins to whip, and oftentimes -the horse continues to kick, until he breaks -everything within reach of his heels, and runs -away. Now the owner has a confirmed kicker, -and frequently knows not what to do to correct -the fault he has himself established. The instructions -below, if properly applied, will effect a -cure.</p> - -<p>When your horse is down, as seen in the engraving, -place a strap under his tail and commence -moving it up and down; should he kick, or show -signs of resistance, at once punish him; if not,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_238"></a>[238]</span> -caress him, and in a short time his tail will -become limber and he will be taught to not be -afraid, though, in driving, the rein should get -under his tail. Also, after you allow him to rise -to his feet, use the same means as just directed -when he was lying down.</p> - -<p>In my book I have endeavored to grapple -with almost every bad habit that the horse is -addicted to, and would here advise all persons -who handle them to be extremely careful that if -their animals acquire unpleasant habits, they are -not mostly to be blamed themselves. Horses -differ materially in their ability to learn, and -many are less susceptible of impressions than -others, therefore, it behooves the educator to -first make himself acquainted with the disposition -of his horse, and treat him accordingly, as -the same line of management will not serve for -all, but an observance of one important direction, -that of <i>always</i> using the utmost kindness, -will, in most cases, prevent and remove all habits -but those of long standing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_239"></a>[239]</span></p> - -<h3><i>ANOTHER METHOD OF EDUCATING A HORSE NOT TO KICK.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_240"></a>[240]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus34"> -<img src="images/illus34.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ANOTHER METHOD OF EDUCATING A KICKING HORSE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_241"></a>[241]</span></p> - -<p>I design to make this chapter as plain as possible, -so that no man need fail to break up this -worst of habits, and in order so to do, I will -commence at the beginning. With the previously-described -rig, lay the horse down, and -commence to handle him. Take a stick or a -piece of board and ply it on his hinder parts, -then thrust it between his legs. Should he kick, -punish in the mouth with Camanche bridle, but -if he offers no resistance, caress. When you -have secured submission allow your horse to rise -to his feet, then put on him a head-stall and lines -and commence driving him on the walk; every -three or four rods pull sharply on the reins and -at the same instant say “Whoa,” walk up and -caress; start him off again, and repeat the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_242"></a>[242]</span> -“Whoa,” say ten times, by that time you have -so educated him to the word that he will scarcely -forget it for years. Take your stick and ply it -on his hind parts again; if he resists, jerk suddenly -on the reins and say “Whoa.” Ply the -stick until all fear is removed. You can now -safely hitch your animal to a cart, as seen in engraving, -using no breeching. Drive him a short -time, simultaneously pull on the reins and say -“Whoa,” at the same time allowing the cart to -come against his heels. Push the cart sharply -against him, saying “Whoa,” each time, speaking -with considerable force, that he may understand -you design to conquer. Don’t forget to caress -when the horse obeys. Should he kick the cart -and try to rid himself of it, pull with your might -quickly on the reins and repeat the word “whoa” -again; so soon as he shall desist take him from -the cart and lay him down again as soon as possible, -and, if need be, summon one of your neighbors -to assist you, to prevent being foiled, for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_243"></a>[243]</span> -be assured, if you allow him to conquer once -you have lost much and really accomplished -nothing. Give the animal another <i>strong</i> lesson -while down, afterwards repeat it when on his feet, -when by this time you will have taken the conceit -completely out of him. In all your attempts -to handle a vicious horse be resolute and determined -and you will soon give him to understand -that you are master, and that his duty is to yield -a cheerful obedience to your command.</p> - -<p>I would enjoin upon the reader to practice the -same method when educating colts, but not so -severely, because by so doing you may make -them stubborn; great patience must be exercised -while handling colts, as the faults of one -misplaced lesson will be visible. Therefore one -cannot be too careful, particularly if the animal -is nervous and excitable.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_244"></a>[244]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO CURE CORNS.</i></h3> - -<p>Cut the horn well down, but not to the quick, -fit the shoe so that it will not press upon the -part, then saturate well with pine sap or gum, -which is found exuding from pine trees when -cut. Fill the part in nicely with tow, and put on -the shoe, which must be so fitted as not to oblige -the part to support, but very slightly, if any, the -weight of the horse. Horses with corns must -be oftener and more carefully shod than those -free from them.</p> - -<h3><i>TO HARDEN A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE.</i></h3> - -<p>Place the bits in the animal’s mouth as low as -possible, not to have them drop out, and drive -him from two to three weeks with the bits in this -way, and when they are buckled up in proper -place he is hard-mouthed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_245"></a>[245]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE THE HORSE BAD TO GROOM.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_246"></a>[246]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus35"> -<img src="images/illus35.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE THE HORSE BAD TO GROOM.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_247"></a>[247]</span></p> - -<p>After making the Bonaparte bridle, put it on -the horse, standing at his side with the end of -the cord in your hand, with the other hand use -the curry-comb or brush and commence to groom -him. If he should resist your efforts by attempting -to kick or bite you, reprove him by -pulling quickly on the cord, at the same time -using the words “stand still.” Afterwards if he -remains quiet, caress him; if the punishment -should not prove effectual make the double half-hitch -under the upper lip, as seen in engraving.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_248"></a>[248]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HUGGING THE POLE.</i></h3> - -<p>This is a great annoyance to the other horse, -and he will probably learn to do the same thing, -not from imitation, but from leaning inwards, so -as to enable him to stand against the other horse, -leaning upon him. This habit may be broken -up by securing a piece of sole leather to the pole -upon the side where the animal leans, having a -number of tacks driven through it in such a -manner as to protrude from the leather towards -the horse.</p> - -<h3><i>LUGGERS ON THE BIT.</i></h3> - -<p>Buckle a pair of straps, about twelve inches -long, with a ring at one end, and a buckle at the -other, to the check-piece, and let the straps pass -through the rings on either side of the bit; buckle -the lines to the rings on these straps, instead of -the rings on the bit; this forms a gag similar to -the French twitch-gag, and is a powerful means -of controlling the mouth of a hard-pulling horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_249"></a>[249]</span></p> - -<h3><i>BITS USED IN EDUCATING HORSES ADDICTED TO BAD HABITS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_250"></a>[250]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus36"> -<img src="images/illus36.jpg" width="600" height="300" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BITS USED IN EDUCATING HORSES ADDICTED TO BAD HABITS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_251"></a>[251]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">No. 1. To prevent a Horse getting his -Tongue over the Bit.</span>—Take a piece of leather, -say three inches long, an inch and a half wide, -and drill two holes in a straight bit; now rivet -this leather on the top of the bit, after which -sprinkle on the upper side some pulverized rosin, -and take a hot iron and pass over it so as to -form a coating. Allow your horse to wear this -bit say six or eight days when driving, and he -will by that time be sufficiently taught to abandon -the habit.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">No. 2. Lolling the Tongue.</span>—Take an ordinary -straight bit of five-eighths of an inch in -diameter and drill two holes, each one three-quarters -of an inch from the center; then get a -piece of very small chain, attach iron bullets,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_252"></a>[252]</span> -about the size of ordinary leaden bullets used in -guns, suspend them not more than one and a -half inches from the bit. Now use the bit, every -time you drive your horse, for ten days.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">No. 3. Cure a Horse of Sucking Wind.</span>—A -horse that has acquired the habit of sucking -wind is truly to be detested, as it is oftentimes -attended with fatal results, and when once thoroughly -settled, great difficulty has been experienced -in removing the habit. The method I have -introduced of treating this habit has proved successful -in most cases.</p> - -<p>Take a piece of small gas-pipe, say from five-eighths -to three-quarters of an inch in diameter, -the ordinary length of a bit, heat it and circle -it a little, then drill on the upper side equal distances -apart from each end, as seen in engraving; -also drill three holes on the under side, making -each hole between an eighth and a quarter of an<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_253"></a>[253]</span> -inch in diameter, and attach a ring near each -end and allow your horse to wear this when -driving, say for at least from ten to twenty days -or until the habit is removed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">No. 4. To cure a Side-Reiner, one that -Pulls heavily on one Rein.</span>—Take a plain, -jointed bit, remove one-half of the part used in -the mouth and supply a small chain from the -side ring to the center joint, now on the side that -the animal pulls place the chain; he is not only -attracted by the strange sensation in the mouth, -but when pulled on the chain side receives such -severe and unexpected punishment that he will -quickly give up his habit.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">No. 5. Dead-Mouth or Jaw Bit.</span>—This bit -may be used on horses that pull very much on -the reins, and a lady may with safety drive a -horse, as she can control him quite easily.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_254"></a>[254]</span></p> - -<p>The attachment to this bit is made as follows: -Take two pieces of leather about three -inches in diameter, make a hole in the center of -each to admit of the bit, cut the leather so as to -put pieces on after, sew up slit, attach two billets -on under side with buckle, then buckle on -under jaw. This bit may be used without a -head-stall.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_255"></a>[255]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE HORSES NOT TO BE AFRAID OF OBJECTS WHEN DRIVING.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_256"></a>[256]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus37"> -<img src="images/illus37.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE HORSES NOT TO BE AFRAID OF OBJECTS WHEN DRIVING.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_257"></a>[257]</span></p> - -<p>It is impossible to overestimate the value of -the subjoined instructions respecting nervous -and shying horses, therefore on this topic I wish -to be particularly clear and explicit. Let the -reader understand that horses take fright at objects -because they fancy those objects will harm -them, and if you can by any means appeal to the -horse’s brain, and satisfy him that he is not going -to be hurt, you have accomplished your object, -and in order to do so, you must have control of -your horse. I do not mean by this that you are -to adopt the too frequent course pursued by -many, viz., subduing with the whip, or other -harsh means, which will, without almost an exception, -increase the fear instead of removing -the habit; again, when a horse shies, the driver -commences to jerk on the rein nearest to the -object, and at once applies the whip, fully determined -to master his horse; both man and horse -get excited, and the horse comes off victorious, -because he cannot control him by the means<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_258"></a>[258]</span> -used, and the result is that the next time the -animal is frightened it bears a two-fold character, -the fear of the object, and the fear of the whip-punishment.</p> - -<p>In order to properly educate your horses in -this department, I would specially direct the -reader to observe and practice the following -directions: Select, first, the most prominent objects -at which he becomes frightened, then -make the Bonaparte bridle of small cord, and -place it on your horse under the bridle, carrying -the end of the cord into the carriage, and when -approaching an object at which he takes fright, -get out of your carriage, stand nearly in front -of him, give a quick downward pull, and say, -“Come here!” At first do not punish him too -severely; but if he will not obey, increase the -punishment, and so soon as he complies, caress -him. Bring him quite near the object, and, if -possible, let him smell of it, as by adopting this -method he will quickly understand that the object -will not hurt him. Now turn him around, -and drive him past the object two or three times, -and you have accomplished your end.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_259"></a>[259]</span></p> - -<h3><i>FIRST LESSON TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_260"></a>[260]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus38"> -<img src="images/illus38.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">FIRST LESSON TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_261"></a>[261]</span></p> - -<p>Place on the animal the throwing rig and proceed -to lay him down, when, should he jump -around and show resistance, do not get anxious -to throw him quickly, but let him caper about, -he will soon give up. After he is down present -the umbrella to him folded up, allow him to -smell of it, then rub it gently across his nose -and head, now open it partly, again let him -smell of it, shut it and open it several times until -he becomes perfectly reconciled to the appearance, -open or shut; work slowly and carefully -so as not to excite him more than possible to -avoid.</p> - -<p>In another part of my book I have illustrated -the education of the animal to the umbrella -when on his feet, and will not go further on this -point than to use the old familiar word, <i>caress</i>.</p> - -<p>On no account should the operator, when practicing -any idea in my system, forget that success -greatly depends upon caressing when the animal -obeys.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_262"></a>[262]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HORSE BAD TO BRIDLE.</i></h3> - -<p>Horses become unwilling to be bridled from -various causes, sometimes from sores on the -head or ears, sometimes from hurriedly and improperly -removing the bridle, and sometimes -from sheer ugliness of disposition, prompted by -a desire to be master. The treatment in these -cases should be varied. In the latter case -named it will be necessary to lay the animal -down, and while thus under control, handle his -head and ears, after which put your bridle on -and off several times, exercising patience and -being careful to avoid anything like roughness. -Should he resist, punish him in the mouth, using -your best judgment to avoid severity, and so -soon as he submits caress. As to the former, -where a dislike to be bridled arises from abuses, -kindness must govern the conduct of the educator. -By using my Bonaparte bridle you will be -able to control and counteract all predisposition -to resist your efforts in a very short time. -Should there be sores about the animal’s head, -you had better restore to soundness before you -attempt to educate to comply with your wishes.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_263"></a>[263]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_264"></a>[264]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus39"> -<img src="images/illus39.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO FEAR AN UMBRELLA.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_265"></a>[265]</span></p> - -<p>On page 261 may be found the first lesson -to educate a horse that fears an umbrella. I now -proceed to explain the idea illustrated by the -foregoing cut.</p> - -<p>Place on the animal the Bonaparte half-hitch -bridle—found on page 306. First present to -him the umbrella closed; allow him to smell of -it, then rub it gently across his nose and body, -observing not to move quickly. Should he -resist your efforts, jerk on the bridle and say -“Whoa!” Make another attempt, and should -he remain quiet, caress him. Now partly open -it, placing it over his head, observing to avoid -touching his head or ears with the umbrella—while -doing so, caress; and you will be satisfied -punishment in the mouth and caressing will -accomplish all that you may desire.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_266"></a>[266]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TREATMENT OF WOUNDS.</i></h3> - -<p>Wounds are caused by accidents of various -kinds, when the skin is much torn from the flesh. -If you are at hand while the wound is quite fresh, -take a square-pointed needle, and a waxed thread, -and sew it up. Be sure to put the needle in -straight, one side over against the other, draw -the skin tight, tie a knot, and cut off the thread; -then take another stitch about an inch off, till -it is all nicely drawn together. It is quite wrong -to sew up a wound as you would a piece of -cloth; the thread should be cut after each stitch. -When you do not see the wound till the place is -growing dead, and the skin is drawing up, then -take off the loose skin; for if you permit it to -remain, it will leave a blemish.</p> - -<h3><i>ENGLISH STABLE LINIMENT.</i></h3> - -<p>Oil of spikes, aqua ammonia, and oil of turpentine, -of each 2 oz.; sweet oil and oil of amber, -of each ½ oz.; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_267"></a>[267]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A SINGLE-FOOTED HORSE TO TROT SQUARE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_268"></a>[268]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus40"> -<img src="images/illus40.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A SINGLE-FOOTED HORSE TO TROT SQUARE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_269"></a>[269]</span></p> - -<p>Upon the hind leg of the horse that hitches -or single-foots, place two hame-straps, one above -and one below the gambol-joint, attaching a ring -on front, by which means the straps are confined; -then place a small strap on the opposite front -leg just below the knee-joint, now buckle on a -strap from fore-leg to hind-leg, passing it up under -the surcingle (as seen in engraving). Now -proceed to drive your horse, and you will at once -discover that he cannot single-foot, but must -trot. By paying particular attention to the instructions -given, the pleasing result will follow -and your horse will be taught to abandon the -habit. The reader must be careful not to trot -his horse fast up hill nor allow him to draw too -much weight while trotting.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_270"></a>[270]</span></p> - -<h3><i>RING-BONE REMEDY.</i></h3> - -<p>Pulverized cantharides, oils of spike, origanum, -amber, cedar, British, and Barbadoes tar, of each -2 oz.; oil of wormwood, 1 oz.; spirits of turpentine, -4 oz.; lard, 3 lbs. Melt the lard slowly, and -add the other ingredients, stirring well till cool; -clip off the hair, and apply by rubbing in and -heating. In about three days, or when done -running, wash off with suds and apply again. -In recent cases, two or three applications will -cure; old cases require more time.</p> - -<h3><i>AN EXCELLENT LINIMENT FOR SPAVIN, -SPLINT CURBS, ETC.</i></h3> - -<p>Oils of spike, origanum, cedar, British, and -spirits of turpentine, of each 1 oz.; pulverized -Spanish flies, ½ oz. Apply once in six or nine -days.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_271"></a>[271]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A PACING HORSE TO TROT.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_272"></a>[272]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus41"> -<img src="images/illus41.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A PACING HORSE TO TROT.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_273"></a>[273]</span></p> - -<p>Take four hame-straps, attach two on each -hind-leg, one above and one below the gambol-joint, -confining the straps on the front of the leg -by means of a small ring. Then place two -hame-straps on the front legs just below the -knee-joint; buckle a strap from each fore-leg, -carrying them up under the surcingle, and attach -them to the rings in front of hind-legs, crossing -strap from off fore-leg to nigh hind-leg, and from -nigh fore-leg to off hind-leg; now commence to -drive your horse, walking him very slow, as the -new action of the legs may cause him to stumble; -but after a few minutes you may increase his -speed, and you will be delighted to see your -horse trotting at a rate that will astonish you.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_274"></a>[274]</span></p> - -<h3><i>POLL-EVIL AND FISTULA.</i></h3> - -<p>Common potash, ¼ oz.; extract of belladonna, -12 drams; gum Arabic, ¼ oz. Dissolve the -gum in as little water as possible; then, having -pulverized the potash, unless it is moist, mix the -gum water with it, and it will soon dissolve; add -the belladonna; mix, and it is ready to use.</p> - -<p>The best method for getting this into the -pipes, is by means of a small syringe, after having -cleansed the sore well with suds. Repeat -once in two days, until the callous pipes, and -hard, fibrous base around the poll-evil or fistula -are completely destroyed.</p> - -<h3><i>NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT.</i></h3> - -<p>Take beef’s gall, 1 quart; alcohol, 1 pint; volatile -liniment, 12 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 1 lb.; -oil of origanum, 4 oz.; aqua ammonia, ½ pint; -oil of amber, 3 oz.; tincture of cantharides, 6 oz. -Mix.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_275"></a>[275]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TROT.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_276"></a>[276]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus42"> -<img src="images/illus42.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TROT FAST.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_277"></a>[277]</span></p> - -<p>The appliance required to form the trotting -rig is arranged as follows:</p> - -<p>Take four hame-straps, attach two on each -hind-leg, one above and one below the gambol-joint, -confining the straps on the front part of -the leg, by means of a small ring. Then take a -standing martingale and attach a small pulley -on the lower end of the martingale; then take a -small, strong cord, tying one end in the ring on -one hind-leg, passing the other end through the -pulley, bringing it back to the other hind-leg -and tie it in the ring; adjust the rope in accordance -with the stride of your horse, observing to -drive him very slow for a time until he shall -become accustomed to the rig.</p> - -<p>This idea with alterations as hereinafter set -forth may be successfully applied to horses while -being used by the husbandman in ploughing,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_278"></a>[278]</span> -that are addicted to the habit of kicking. I have -already given the reader a number of ideas on -this point that, if used in accordance with instructions, -will not fail to give satisfaction.</p> - -<p>Put on the horse the trotting-rig, as seen in -engraving, with the exception of the standing -martingale attached from the pulley to the bit-ring -of the bridle; then through the eye of the -pulley insert a small cord, say twelve feet long, -carry both ends up between the fore-legs, pass -one end through the bit-ring on the off-side up -over the head, and down on the nigh-side of the -head to the bit-ring, and then tie it. Now take -the other end of the cord and carry it up on the -nigh-side through the bit-ring and pass it over -the head down to the bit-ring on the off-side and -there tie it. By thus manipulating your cord -you will perceive that you have a system of -severely punishing the horse when he shall -kick.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_279"></a>[279]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE IN SHAFTS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_280"></a>[280]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus43"> -<img src="images/illus43.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE IN SHAFTS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_281"></a>[281]</span></p> - -<p>Horses are quite often educated to kick in -harness as well as out and almost numberless -accidents have been caused by this vicious and -bad habit. Men are found reckless enough to -tantalize their horse with a whip and sometimes -punch him with a stick, regardless of consequences. -The result, in most cases, is that the -animal becomes a kicker, and the habit when once -formed is not easily eradicated by resorting to -the old stereotyped method of placing a strap -over the horse’s rump and buckling to the shafts -on each side. This treatment may in time effect -the purpose, but it will require months to do so. -Laying <i>all others</i> aside, I with confidence say to -the reader, if he will but practice the subjoined -idea he will find it not only practical but effectual, -because the punishment is so severe that a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_282"></a>[282]</span> -few lessons will convince the horse that it will -be greatly to his advantage to abandon the habit.</p> - -<p>Take a cord twenty feet long, divide it in the -center, place it back of the ears, bring it down -and cross it in the mouth, then bring it up between -the eyes, placing a ring or loop there; now -bring it back through a ring attached to the -head-stall between the ears, then bring both ends -of your cord under the saddle of the harness -and along the back, to a ring slipped over the -crupper against the hip-strap; bring the cords -through the ring down to the shaft on each side -of the horse, observing to leave just slack enough -so that your horse may not be too much confined. -The cord used may be quite small, so that -it is strong.</p> - -<p>Now when your horse makes an attempt to -kick he will find a severe punishment immediately -meted out to him, and thus, finding his attempt -fruitless as well as painful, he will be made<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_283"></a>[283]</span> -to understand that while obedience is rewarded, -punishment quickly follows each act of disobedience. -This simple yet effective expedient makes -the horse punish himself for his own misdeeds, -and by making the act of kicking the cause of -his suffering disinclines him to attempt it, for -neither horse nor man will voluntarily provoke -certain pain.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_284"></a>[284]</span></p> - -<h3><i>DIURETIC DROPS.</i></h3> - -<p>These drops are reliable in cases of stoppage -of water, foul water, or inflammation of the kidneys. -Take sweet spirits of nitre, 4 oz.; balsam -copaiba, 2 oz.; oil of juniper, 2 oz.; spirits of -turpentine, 2 oz.; gum camphor, pulv., 1 oz. -Mix all together, and shake well; bottle; and it -is fit for use, for man or beast, under all circumstances -where a diuretic is required.</p> - -<p>Dose for horse, 1 oz. in half a pint of milk, -once in six hours.</p> - -<p>Dose for man, 1 teaspoonful, in a tablespoonful -of milk, once in six hours.</p> - -<p>Be sure to shake the mixture up well before -pouring out for use.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_285"></a>[285]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A LAZY HORSE, AND INFUSE LIFE INTO HIM.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_286"></a>[286]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus44"> -<img src="images/illus44.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A LAZY HORSE AND INFUSE LIFE INTO HIM.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_287"></a>[287]</span></p> - -<p>I have already given many ideas referring to -balky horses, and as the old, tried remark is -verily true, that “in the midst of council there -is safety,” so with a multitude of ideas there is -certain success. I will add one more to the -catalogue.</p> - -<p>Something that especially attracts the attention -of a horse accustomed to balk often causes -him to forget for the moment his offensive habit -and start off, much to the surprise of his driver. -By adopting the idea illustrated in the engraving -and the explanation connected therewith, the -reader will have no difficulty, in ordinary cases, -with this peculiar <i>tormentor</i>, in accomplishing -his purpose.</p> - -<p>By many this may be considered a kind of -jockey trick; but the reader will find the information -valuable if he has a lazy horse or one that -does not drive up well on the bit, as by following<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_288"></a>[288]</span> -the directions given below he will be prepared to -show as much style as any man in his county.</p> - -<p><i>Directions.</i>—Take a small chain, about three -feet long, and attach to it a strap or limber stick -about the same length; with this in hand walk -into the stable and commence plying on him a -few smart blows, with this educator, above the -gambol-joint, repeating it once a day for three -or four days; when you hit him of course the -chain rattles and makes, to him, a peculiar noise. -Now, after you harness him up, put the chain in -your carriage, then take your place behind him -and commence driving, and when you want to -show style, just kick the chain about a little with -your boot and you will be surprised at the spirit -and zeal manifested by your horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_289"></a>[289]</span></p> - -<h3><i>AN EASY METHOD OF STARTING A BALKY HORSE WHO STOPS ON THE ROAD.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_290"></a>[290]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus45"> -<img src="images/illus45.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">AN EASY METHOD OF STARTING A BALKY HORSE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_291"></a>[291]</span></p> - -<p>Among the various bad habits which horses -acquire there are none which more severely try -the patience of man than does the habit of -balking. Frequently a horse is quiet, kind, and -a good roadster, but has this habit of occasionally -stopping in the road. At such times the almost -universal practice is to whip the horse, and -sometimes most brutally, or the more sickening -custom of procuring a bundle of straw or some -shavings and setting them on fire under the -body of the horse. Such kinds of treatment I -utterly discard, and the reader will find, in another -part of my book, that I give several -methods which will prove effectual in eradicating -this habit, only meting out sufficient punishment -to secure obedience.</p> - -<p>Below I give an excellent method of starting -a balky horse, and one which will prove effectual, -though it will not educate the horse to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_292"></a>[292]</span> -abandon the habit. When your horse balks -get out of your carriage, walk up to him and -commence kicking him with the toe of your boot -under the fetlock joint, first one then the other, -using the word “shoo!” loud and quick every -time you kick. Then take your seat in the -carriage and use the word as before directed, -when your horse will start at once. This process -diverts his attention and causes him to -move on.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_293"></a>[293]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A BALKY HORSE TO DRAW IN DOUBLE HARNESS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_294"></a>[294]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus46"> -<img src="images/illus46.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A BALKY HORSE TO DRAW.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_295"></a>[295]</span></p> - -<p>Persons have resorted to many things in order -to make a balky horse draw, and, after laboring -for months, have seen all their efforts fail -and are often disappointed by finding their animal -worse instead of better. Let me assure the -reader that however other methods may have -failed, if he will but follow the subjoined instructions -he will certainly accomplish the end desired.</p> - -<p><i>Instructions.</i>—Take a small strong rope, about -a quarter of an inch in diameter and sixteen feet -long, double the rope and place it under the -balky horse’s tail; carry the ends up through a -ring attached to the crupper or hip-straps, then -pass them through the terret-ring on the saddle -of the harness, and bring the ends to the true -horse’s hame-ring; then tie firmly, exercising -judgment about the slack to be given to the cord; -then commence to draw slowly and your balky -horse will soon learn that he has got to move -with his mate.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_296"></a>[296]</span></p> - -<h3><i>OINTMENT FOR ALL BRUISES, SCRATCHES, -HEEL GREASE, SADDLE GALLS, ETC.</i></h3> - -<p>Take 3 oz. white lead, 3 oz. lard, 1 oz. burnt -alum, and 5 grains calomel. If the sore is of -long standing, use 10 grains of calomel.</p> - -<h3><i>HOOF LINIMENT, FOR CONTRACTED HOOF.</i></h3> - -<p>Venice turpentine, ½ pint; aqua ammonia, 2 -oz.; salts of nitre, 1 oz.; benzine, 1 oz.; alcohol, -3 oz. Apply to edge of the hair and to the hoof, -twice a day for the first three days; once a day -for the next three days; after that, once in two, -three, or four days, as the case may require.</p> - -<h3><i>REMEDY FOR BOTTS.</i></h3> - -<p>Take oil of turpentine, 8 oz.; alcohol, 1 quart. -Mix and bottle for use. Dose, 4 to 5 oz. in the -horse’s feed, once a day for 8 days, will effectually -remove every vestige of botts.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_297"></a>[297]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING SHOD.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_298"></a>[298]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus47"> -<img src="images/illus47.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING SHOD.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_299"></a>[299]</span></p> - -<p>The reader has heretofore been instructed how -to lay the horse down and thus get him under -his control; but as horses possess a variety of -bad habits, it becomes necessary that I should -treat each one separately, and carefully explain, -so that none can misapprehend.</p> - -<p>Many horses rigidly resist the efforts of the -blacksmith when undertaking to shoe his hind-feet, -but the following ideas will enable you to -thoroughly educate him to stand quiet.</p> - -<p>Place a strap or cord between the hoof and -fetlock joint; then stand in front of the horse -and commence to pull the foot forward; if he -shows resistance punish him in the mouth; continue -to pull and punish until he will allow you -to thus handle the leg, and, so soon as he remains -quiet, step up and caress him; then stand -behind him and pull his leg backwards several<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_300"></a>[300]</span> -times until you have removed all stubbornness or -fear; when you have accomplished this let him -get up, after which repeat the same thing, not -forgetting to caress immediately when he submits -to your treatment.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_301"></a>[301]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE, WHILE STANDING, THAT IS BAD TO SHOE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_302"></a>[302]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus48"> -<img src="images/illus48.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE WHILE STANDING THAT IS BAD TO SHOE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_303"></a>[303]</span></p> - -<p>The treatment for educating the horse after -being laid down, which has been given, is to show -him that your power is superior to his; the -method now to be given will show him that you -have the same power over him when standing as -when he is down.</p> - -<p>Place on him the Bonaparte bridle, as shown -in the engraving, and take a half-hitch, placing it -back of the ears and down under the upper lip, -as shown in the engraving. Place a man at the -side of his head to punish him with this bridle -when he does wrong, remembering, as soon as -the animal does right, to caress him.</p> - -<p>Take a single rein, or a rope, about fifteen feet -long, placing it on the hind-foot below the fetlock -joint with loops; then stand behind the -horse and lift his foot; if he shows resistance or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_304"></a>[304]</span> -kicks, punish him in the mouth; continue doing -this till he will allow you to handle his feet. If -one lesson will not answer give him two, and, if -necessary, give him three, or four, as he has got -to submit to this treatment.</p> - -<h3><i>TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY -FLIES.</i></h3> - -<p>Take one-half pound of walnut or butternut -leaves, and pour upon them three quarts of cold -water; let it infuse one night, and pour the -whole next morning into a kettle, and let it boil -for a quarter of an hour. When cold it is fit for -use.</p> - -<p>No more is required than to moisten a sponge, -and before the horse goes out of the stable, let -those parts most likely to be irritated be well -smeared over with the liquor, between and upon -the ears, neck, flank, etc.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_305"></a>[305]</span></p> - -<h3><i>DOUBLE-HITCH BONAPARTE BRIDLE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_306"></a>[306]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus49"> -<img src="images/illus49.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">DOUBLE HITCH BONAPARTE BRIDLE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_307"></a>[307]</span></p> - -<p>This bridle may be used with great success, -for many purposes in educating horses possessed -of vicious or bad habits, and in order -that the reader may not make a mistake I will -explain it.</p> - -<p>First. Make a small loop with one end of the -cord and place it on the under jaw, then carry -the cord on the off-side of the head over back -of the ears, and bring it down through the loop -on the nigh-side, you have now the Bonaparte -bridle, afterwards pass the cord through your -right hand, then with your left take hold of the -cord and place it over the top of the head, and -bring the cord down with your left hand under -the upper lip.</p> - -<p>The great advantage of this bridle is the complete -control of the horse which it gives to the -one using it. After the animal has learned its -power all thought of resisting leaves him and -he submits to the will of his owner. Harsh as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_308"></a>[308]</span> -it may seem to one who does not understand the -principle on which it is used, I do not hesitate to -say that it is the most merciful device which -could be originated, a hundred times more so -than the brutal method of whipping a horse -to make him obey. In all the horses I have -handled I have never twice drawn blood, and the -only occasion when I did so was by the drawing -of a cord too rapidly as a man might have a rope -drawn through his hand. Yet by the use of this -bridle I have controlled and educated the most -vicious animals that could be found, with the -greatest ease to me and with the least possible -suffering to themselves. Whipping makes no -durable impression on the brain, as this does; it -requires hours where this method takes but minutes; -it is often unsuccessful, which this never is.</p> - -<p>I will only add that a horse never should be -coaxed, he is first to be subdued by fear and -ever after is controlled only as he has a sense of -the superiority of the one who uses him.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_309"></a>[309]</span></p> - -<h3><i>THE ONLY SAFE METHOD OF CONTROLLING A HORSE BAD TO SHOE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_310"></a>[310]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus50"> -<img src="images/illus50.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">ONLY SAFE METHOD OF CONTROLLING A HORSE BAD TO SHOE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_311"></a>[311]</span></p> - -<p>I appended to a former plate instructions -whereby a horse may be educated not to kick -while shoeing; but if owners of horses will not -take the pains to educate, it is scarcely reasonable -that the blacksmith should be subject to -severe torture in shoeing a vicious horse; therefore -I have provided the foregoing plate as descriptive -of the mode of perfectly controlling -the horse’s hind-foot, so that the farrier need -have no fears for his safety. Take a single rein -or cord, make a slip-noose and put it on the -horse’s hind-leg between the fetlock-joint and -hoof; then bring the rein or cord forward to the -breast and pass it around over the neck at the -shoulder; now bring it down and put it under -the rein or cord, forming a half-hitch, and bring -up the leg so as to make it convenient for the -smith to pare the hoof or nail the shoe; then -take a pole-strap or one of similar width, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_312"></a>[312]</span> -place it under the other strap or cord, forming a -loop by means of the crupper or loop near the -buckle with the buckle outside, now pass the end -of the strap up on the inside and front of the leg -and around the gambol-joint, bring it down and -buckle it; when you want to clinch the nails let -out the strap two or three holes and draw up -tightly on the rein or cord that is in front of the -breast and around the neck. By this means you -can accomplish the desired end, as you have the -foot and leg under your control.</p> - -<p>Should the horse attempt to recline over on -the blacksmith, put on the Bonaparte bridle with -double half-hitch, and pull quickly two or three -times, and he will gladly stand erect while being -shod.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_313"></a>[313]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF THE CARS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_314"></a>[314]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus51"> -<img src="images/illus51.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF THE CARS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_315"></a>[315]</span></p> - -<p>Much difficulty, and loss of property, has resulted -from not being able to control horses that -become frightened at the approach of the locomotive -or cars, and, in order to avoid the annoyance -and prevent accidents, I have with great -care prepared the foregoing plate, and will now -give an accurate description of the mode of educating -the animal, and the appliance required, -I will first describe the bridle, seen at the right -of the horse. Make the Bonaparte bridle as -previously directed, then place it on the horse, -stand at the nigh-side holding the cord in your -right hand, now pass your left hand over the -right and take hold of the cord, then by bringing -the hand back and stepping in front of the -horse, you have formed a half-hitch, then place it -over the head and bring it down under the upper -lip and above the upper jaw, thus you have a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_316"></a>[316]</span> -powerful bridle that will control any horse. Use -this with great care and judgment, because you -are now in a position to handle the wildest horse -found in the country. Don’t forget to caress the -horse the moment he obeys.</p> - -<h3><i>SWEENY LINIMENT.</i></h3> - -<p>Alcohol, and spirits of turpentine, of each 8 -oz.; camphor gum, pulverized cantharides and -tincture of capsicum, of each 1 oz.; oil of spike -3 oz. Bathe this liniment in with a hot iron, and -faithfully follow till a cure is effected.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_317"></a>[317]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BACK AT THE WORD OF COMMAND.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_318"></a>[318]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus52"> -<img src="images/illus52.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BACK AT THE WORD OF COMMAND.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_319"></a>[319]</span></p> - -<p>This point in the education of a horse is one -of great importance, for no animal can be considered -thoroughly educated till he will obey the -command of his driver without the necessity of -using the rein or the whip. Many persons in -order to stop their horse will draw with all their -strength upon the rein, and to back him requires -the exertion of a force enough almost to bring -the horse on his haunches, when in either case -a well-educated horse will stop or back at the -driver’s voice without the need for even drawing -upon the rein.</p> - -<p>To educate the horse to back at the word of -command, let the reader take his stand behind -the horse and with the rein in his hand, previously -arranged as shown in the engraving, commence -the lesson. He may, if he pleases, start -the horse forward for a few paces, then stop him, -and then with a sudden, short and pretty powerful<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_320"></a>[320]</span> -backward jerk, utter the word “back!” -Great care must be taken to speak the word -and give the backward jerk on the rein at the -same instant, for the two must come together so -as to be associated in the mind of the horse. -When he obeys caress him, and continue repeating -the lesson, and in a short time you will find -that your horse will back at the word without -your needing to even touch the reins. But in -educating him to this there must not be the -least interval between the word and the short, -sharp jerk, for if only a few seconds pass he will -not associate the two in his mind.</p> - -<p>This method will be invariably successful, and -is so far superior to the protracted and unsatisfactory -means formerly employed, that it should -be everywhere adopted.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_321"></a>[321]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE HORSES OR CATTLE NOT TO JUMP THE FENCE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_322"></a>[322]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus53"> -<img src="images/illus53.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE HORSES OR CATTLE NOT TO JUMP FENCES.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_323"></a>[323]</span></p> - -<p>Buckle a surcingle around the horse’s body, -then buckle a hame-strap, making two turns -with strap between the knee and fetlock on each -fore-leg; next buckle two hame-straps on each -hind-leg, above and below the gambol-joint, -placing a ring, say one and one-half inches in -diameter, as seen in plate. Now place a strap -or cord from the ring on off hind-leg up through -the surcingle, then attach it to the nigh fore-leg; -then another strap or cord from the nigh hind-leg -to the off fore-leg. Now when the horse, or -other animal, starts to jump over a fence the -appliance will arrest his progress, for, as he -throws his fore-legs forward, at the same time -it acts upon his hind legs, taking them out from -under him, and you will find him sitting up in -the field where you turned him out. After three -or four lessons your horse will be thoroughly -educated not to jump a fence.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_324"></a>[324]</span></p> - -<h3><i>FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS.</i></h3> - -<p>First, bleed thoroughly; then give tinc. veratrum, -½ oz.; laudanum, 4 oz.; tincture aconite, -¼ oz.; shake well, and give a teaspoonful every -three hours, in a pint of water, well sweetened, -and, if the pulse is not reduced in a short time, -increase the dose to a tablespoonful, until the -fever abates. As soon as the horse recovers so -as to eat and lie down naturally, keep him on -hay, with a few carrots or potatoes, and daily -give a bran-mash, with saltpetre, pulverized antimony -and sulphur, for a week or ten days, and -you will prevent dropsy of the chest, which usually -follows this disease.</p> - -<h3><i>A REMEDY TO CURE THE HEAVES.</i></h3> - -<p>One-half pint of turpentine, 2 oz. assafœtida, -2 oz. aloes, 4 oz. lobelia seed, 1 quart of whisky, -2 oz. of sal ammoniac, 4 oz. saleratus, 1 oz. of -camphor.</p> - -<p>Dose, one tablespoonful once a day.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_325"></a>[325]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A COW NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING MILKED.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_326"></a>[326]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus54"> -<img src="images/illus54.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COW NOT TO KICK WHILE BEING MILKED.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_327"></a>[327]</span></p> - -<p>Hitch the cow to a post, then make the Bonaparte -bridle as follows: Make a loop and put -it on the lower jaw, carrying the end of the cord -on the off-side of the head and around over -behind the horns, bringing it down to the mouth -on the nigh-side, through the loop. Now carry -the cord around the nigh hind-leg, to the off -hind-leg and tie it just above the gambol-joint. -Then sit down to milk; now the moment the -cow kicks, an impression is made on her brain, -and she soon learns that by kicking she punishes -herself, and rather than suffer the pain -inflicted she yields to the influence and says by -her actions, “I will not kick again.” The principle -here is the obvious one that <i>no</i> animal will -persist in doing that which causes suffering to -itself, and the moment that it comes to associate -the idea of suffering with any action, it will make -that action distasteful.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_328"></a>[328]</span></p> - -<h3><i>COLIC OR GRIPES.</i></h3> - -<p><i>Symptoms.</i>—Pawing, manifesting a desire to lie -down, and, without doing so, commence pawing -again. As the symptoms increase, the animal -cannot be kept on his feet; he frequently falls as -if shot; pulse not altered from natural condition. -Intervals of rest, together with the condition of -the pulse, distinguish the disease from inflammation -of the bowels.</p> - -<p>Treat as follows:</p> - -<p>Frequent injections of soap and water, and -give internally spirits of nitre, 1 oz.; laudanum, -1 oz.; water, ½ pint; mix for drench. This may -be repeated in twenty minutes, if relief is not -obtained.</p> - -<p>Another remedy, giving <i>instant</i> relief:</p> - -<p>From 5 to 10 drops of chloroform, given on -sugar, I have never known to fail giving immediate -relief. I have known men to be from home, -and have their horses taken with this disease, -and use this remedy, and in thirty minutes the -horses were able to be driven.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_329"></a>[329]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A COW TO LET HER MILK DOWN WHILE MILKING.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_330"></a>[330]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus55"> -<img src="images/illus55.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A COW TO LET HER MILK DOWN.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_331"></a>[331]</span></p> - -<p>Much inconvenience, besides an actual loss of -money, is experienced by persons who own cows -that are in the habit of withholding their milk. -Having spent fifteen years of my life in gathering -knowledge of value to the farmer, and to -other owners of animals, I am unwilling that -even one valuable idea should be lost to the -reader, and therefore I have, at considerable expense, -illustrated the above-named point, believing -that it will be of benefit to many persons. -Although the method to be employed is very -simple, it will be found practical in its operation, -while success will be certain where the directions -are followed:</p> - -<p>Take a common bag, put into it a bushel or a -bushel and a half of grain, or its equivalent in -weight of sand, then place the bag across the -back of the animal, as indicated in the engraving<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_332"></a>[332]</span> -and the result will be shown in the milking. As -an indication of the purpose of the cow to hold -up her milk you will always see her hump up -her back, then, by applying the remedy named, -the habit will be speedily removed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_333"></a>[333]</span></p> - -<h3><i>PRACTICAL RESULT OF EDUCATING THE COW TO GIVE DOWN MILK.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_334"></a>[334]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus56"> -<img src="images/illus56.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PRACTICAL RESULT OF EDUCATING THE COW TO GIVE DOWN MILK.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_335"></a>[335]</span></p> - -<p>Having directed the attention of the reader -to the education of the cow so as not to disappoint -her owner in receiving the quota of milk -he may rightly expect, it is but natural that the -eye should be gratified by witnessing the result. -For this purpose I have prepared this engraving, -in which is represented the bag and its contents -upon the back of the animal, in just the spot -where it should be placed. The reader will also -perceive the impatient wife standing with milking -pail and stool in hand, waiting for the result, -which becomes apparent in the freely flowing -milk, and one can almost imagine that he hears -her saying to her husband that it is scarcely -necessary now to milk the cow, for the simple -method adopted has caused a spontaneous flow -of milk, and nothing now is needed but to set -the pail under her and view with wonder and -delight the pleasing effect produced!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_336"></a>[336]</span></p> - -<h3><i>A CURE FOR HEAVES, NEVER BEFORE -PUBLISHED.</i></h3> - -<p>Take a common stone jar, fill it with eggs, -cover them with cider vinegar, and let it stand -till the vinegar eats up the shells. Then stir all -together. Take a lump of lime about the size -of a goose-egg, slack it in hot water, using about -one quart of water. Add one-half pint of the -lime-water to a quart of the egg mixture. Give -a teacupful, at feeding time, in feed, three times -a day.</p> - -<h3><i>TO CURE WORMS IN HORSES.</i></h3> - -<p>One dram white hellebore in powder, 1 dram -sulphate of iron in powder, 1 oz. flaxseed meal.</p> - -<p>The above for one dose, mixed with bran-mash, -given at night. Repeat in forty-eight hours, if -the horse is old. Two doses are enough for the -worst case.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_337"></a>[337]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE CATTLE TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_338"></a>[338]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus57"> -<img src="images/illus57.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE CATTLE TO LEAD BEHIND A WAGON.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_339"></a>[339]</span></p> - -<p>Make a rope halter and put it on the head of -the animal you desire to lead; then take a small -rope, about twenty feet long, double it in the -center, placing it under the tail; cross it on the -back, bringing the ends down each side of the -animals neck and then through the nose-piece -of the halter under the lower jaw, and tie the -ends firmly to the end of your wagon.</p> - -<p>If you wish to lead more than one, take -another rope, twice the length of the former one, -double it in the center, placing it under the tail, -cross it on the back, bringing the ends down -each side of the animal’s neck and then through -under the lower jaw. Now bring the ends, one -on each side of the forward cow, and carry the -rope through the halter under the jaw and tie -it to the wagon.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_340"></a>[340]</span></p> - -<p>By adopting this plan no difficulty will be -experienced in educating your animals to lead, -and when you drive home with your cattle following -thus they will be sure to arrive there at -the same time as yourself.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_341"></a>[341]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE TO PULL ON THE BIT.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_342"></a>[342]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus58"> -<img src="images/illus58.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A TENDER-MOUTHED HORSE TO PULL ON THE BIT.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_343"></a>[343]</span></p> - -<p>Many horses are very sensitive to a hurt in -any part of the body, so much so that they often -grow frantic when severely punished, and it -seems to be the delight of some persons to -inflict injury to a horse of this temperament, -sometimes with a view to make him rear or -prance about, believing it adds to the appearance -of the animal, when the contrary is the fact; -a bad habit is almost sure to grow out of such -treatment, and then it may take some time to -eradicate it. One of the evils often presented is -that the animal becomes tender-mouthed, and I -have known many cases where balking has been -the result. Let me urge the reader never to -jerk sharply on the bit, except when educating -or correcting a habit, as heretofore directed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_344"></a>[344]</span></p> - -<p>The only effectual method of treatment for a -tender mouth is to use a large straight bit, leave -the check-rein quite loose, and drop the bit low -down in the mouth, as seen in engraving, which -will slip up and down and harden the mouth -in a short time.</p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF A BUFFALO ROBE.</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus59"> -<img src="images/illus59.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE NOT TO BE AFRAID OF A BUFFALO ROBE.</p> -</div> - -<p>The education of the horse being quite a new -idea to many persons, it therefore becomes -necessary that, in my characteristic explanations, -I should make my ideas both plain and -simple—so that even the most unlettered may -not become fogged while attempting to apply -any illustrated idea in my work.</p> - -<p>A Buffalo robe is an article in common use, and -one at which very many horses become frightened, -proving a decided source of annoyance. -Let not the reader imagine that one lesson, as -below indicated, is sufficient to warrant success -and thoroughly eradicate the habit. Much -depends upon the temperament of the animal; -but, in most cases, three lessons carefully imparted -will accomplish the purpose. After you -have given two or three lessons do not tempt -your horse by suddenly approaching him with -the robe, and when you do approach him, be -sure you have the Bonaparte bridle on him, that -you may be able at once to control when the -slightest resistance is seen.</p> - -<p><i>Directions.</i>—If your animal is very nervous -lay him down, as directed in other places, fold the -robe, hair side in, making it as small as possible; -let him smell of it, rub it gently over his nose, -head and body; punish if he resists—if not -caress. When submission is apparent allow -him to rise to his feet; then, with your Bonaparte -bridle, properly adjusted, present the robe -to him again. Bearing in mind the grand -idea, punish for disobedience and caress when -he obeys. Carefully avoid all unnecessary excitement -while educating any animal, as it only -tends to benumb their senses and make them -less susceptible of being taught.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_345"></a>[345]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="INTELLIGENCE_OF_ANIMALS">INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>In discussing the intelligence of animals I -am aware that many persons, at the outset, -would question the propriety of the term. Man -has so long arrogated the exclusive possession -of mind, or at least of a mind capable of rational -reflection, that he is reluctant to concede the -fact of its possession by the lower orders of -animate life. Those acts which, in the brute -creation, seem to proceed from the action of -powers analagous to human intelligence, it has -been usual to ascribe to an irrational faculty -called instinct; a power invariable and despotic -in its action, but in no degree the result of reflection; -some metaphysicians even going so far -as to assert that the action of animals is purely -automatic, the difference in this respect between -them and the automaton moved by wires and -springs being that the former possesses a consciousness<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_346"></a>[346]</span> -of their acts, while the latter does -not. Facts in myriads, exist which challenge -the correctness of such a theory, while in almost -equal number they assert the existence, at least -in its embryonic state, of a mind capable of -thought, and, to a limited degree, of reflection -and comparison, with the ability to deduce conclusions -from the facts which it considers.</p> - -<p>This intelligence varies greatly in the different -animal races, in some species being barely perceptible, -while in others it is too conspicuous to -be ignored; and between individuals of the same -species there exists a difference so marked that, -in the more favored ones which come under our -observation, the intelligence is so clear as to -almost startle us by the feeling that behind the -full, liquid eye of the horse, or prompting the -fixed gaze bent on us by our trusty canine companion, -there may be a mind kindred to our own -and which lacks only the power of articulate -expression to respond to our thoughts by answering -sentiments. It is the absence of the -power of speech in animals which leaves us in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_347"></a>[347]</span> -doubt as to the exact degree of intelligence -possessed by them. If, when the farmer says, -“Carlo! the cows are in the corn—turn them -out!” the dog should turn his head and reply, -“Yes, sir, I’ll have them out in a moment!” there -could be no doubt of the intelligent interchange -of thought. But the fact of his <i>doing</i> that which -in the supposed case he would express, proves -as conclusively his comprehension of the command -and his purpose to obey. The horse or -dog, however fully he may understand the directions -he receives, can give no other response -than by his acts, and to words of praise or censure -he can reply only by signs; these are -clearly understood by us and show that our -meaning is comprehended by the animal, thus -proving a real interchange of thought. A popular -author has said: “A dog may bark, a horse -may neigh, but it is not by these sounds that -they express the delicate shades of ever-varying -emotion; it is by a thousand varieties of gesture -which few indeed of us can analyze but which -all clearly understand. A dog converses with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_348"></a>[348]</span> -his master by means of his eyes and his ears -and his tail, nay rather by every muscle of his -body.”</p> - -<p>To test the existence and extent of intelligence -we must determine the capacity for comprehending -thought. We recognize this capacity -in a child long before it can express itself in -language. Its dawn is seen as the infant learns -to associate certain articulate sounds with certain -persons, acts, or things, and to distinguish the -meaning of tones which encourage, restrain or -chide it. It is only after a twelve-month or -more of constant tuition, lovingly and intelligently -given, that our children begin to express -in language the thoughts which are awakened -by our words and acts, yet the comprehension -is as evident and the response as apparent, the -whole mental process being as perfect, long -before. The same test which proves the intelligence -of the child demonstrates its existence -in animals there is a similar power of comprehending -the wishes expressed, by associating -certain articulate sounds with certain acts required,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_349"></a>[349]</span> -as well as an equal recognition of the -tones of voice by which approval, reproof or -anger are made known; but, lacking the organs -of speech, they are debarred, and forever must -be, from any except the most limited <i>interchange</i> -of thought. For this reason, attentive study is -needed in ascertaining the extent to which they -comprehend and respond to the intelligence -which addresses them.</p> - -<p>In the case of wild or undomesticated animals -there is little opportunity for investigating this -interesting subject. We see the beaver build his -dam, and we understand the object so admirably -attained by his work. We know that the -elephant, to be taken in the pitfall, must see on -the earth that covers it the foot-prints of one of -his fellows, and we surmise the process of reasoning -by which he concludes that he is safe in -venturing where another of his kind has trodden. -We learn that the ostrich which in torrid -regions trusts to the heat of the sand for the -incubation of her eggs, will in a more temperate -latitude supply the heat which would else be<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_350"></a>[350]</span> -lacking by setting on her eggs during the cooler -nights; but in none of these, nor in a score of -other cases, in which there seems a rational foresight, -can we determine how far the acts result -from intelligent reflection. In domesticated animals, -and especially in such as are trained for -the service of man, the action of intelligence -may be clearly traced; it is demonstrated by the -ease and certainty with which they can be educated; -it is seen in the readiness with which -many receive and act upon ideas communicated -to them; and in a multitude of instances the -mental process is evident by which they have, -independently, reached conclusions rationally -deduced from facts of their previous knowledge. -Mr. J. Hope relates a circumstance of a terrier -who had been temporarily left by his master in -the care of a Mrs. Langford at St. Albans. -This lady owned a large house-dog which, disliking -the presence of the stranger, quarreled with -him, biting and severely wounding him, after -which the terrier disappeared; but in a few days -he returned again, accompanied by a powerful<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_351"></a>[351]</span> -mastiff, when both together fell upon the original -assailant, whom they nearly killed. The -mastiff was the watch-dog at his master’s house, -more than a day’s journey distant, and had been -brought by the terrier for the sole purpose of -avenging the injury he had received, after which -they left in company and proceeded together to -their home. Here was displayed a power of -combining ideas and of communicating them to -one of his own kind, when the two acted on -the plan they had preconcerted.</p> - -<p>In a work just issued, an anecdote is related -of a dog who had lost his master and afterwards -became old and blind, passing his time sadly in -the same corner, which he rarely quitted. “One -day came a step like that of his lost master, and -he suddenly left his place. The man who had -just entered wore ribbed stockings as his master -had done. The old dog had lost his scent and -referred at once to the stockings that he remembered, -rubbing his face against them. Believing -that his master had returned, he gave way to -the most extravagant delight. The man spoke;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_352"></a>[352]</span> -the momentary illusion was dispelled, the dog -went sadly back to his place, lay wearily down, -and died.” Here was a double process of reasoning -and even a balancing of testimony with -a decision that the negative evidence of the -strange voice outweighed the affirmative proof -in the step and the stockings.</p> - -<p>Much evidence favors the belief that animals -not only become familiar with the words habitually -addressed to them, but that they, to a certain -extent, understand our language. A dog, belonging -to a friend of the writer, would slink -from the room with every indication of shame if -a fault of which he had been guilty was spoken -of in his presence. The author of “Chapters -on Animals” describes a dog in his possession -which clearly distinguishes between those visitors -at the house who are favorites with his -master and those whom he dislikes, and adds: -“I know not how he discovers these differences -in my feelings, except it be by overhearing remarks -when the guests are gone.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_353"></a>[353]</span></p> - -<p>The elephant, though one of the clumsiest of -animals, exhibits marks of high intelligence, and -evidently understands the language in which he -is addressed. He can be stimulated to unusual -exertions by the promise of a reward. “I have -seen,” says a French writer, “two occupied in -beating down a wall which their keepers had -desired them to do and encouraged them by a -promise of fruits and brandy.” They were left -alone and continued at the work, stimulated by -the promised reward, until it was accomplished. -“When a reward is promised to an elephant,” -says the same author, “it is dangerous to disappoint -him, as he never fails to revenge the insult.” -Nothing of this could occur without an understanding -of the language.</p> - -<p>In India they were formerly employed to -launch vessels, and it is related that one being -directed to force a large ship into the water, the -task proved beyond his strength; whereupon -his master, in a sarcastic tone, ordered the -keeper to take away this lazy beast and bring<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_354"></a>[354]</span> -another; the poor animal, as if stung by emulation, -instantly repeated his efforts, fractured -his skull and died on the spot.</p> - -<p>It may be said that the tones of the voice -rather than the words are what the animal -understands, yet a dog knows his name however -spoken, and a horse understands a whole vocabulary -of orders. But the intelligence which -comprehends the meaning of a tone, is not less -than that required to understand a word or -sentence. Mr. Hamerton, the artist, widely -known as a lover of animals, mentions a favorite -dog which met an untimely death by drowning, -and in his lament over his lost pet, says: -“He was a dog of rare gifts, exceptionally intelligent, -who would obey a look where another -needed an order. He would sit studying his -master’s face and had become from careful observation -so acute a physiognomist that he read -whatever thoughts of mine had any concern for -him.”</p> - -<p>The shrewd intelligence of our countrymen -is nowhere more clearly seen than in the keen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_355"></a>[355]</span> -bargains the New Englander is famous for -driving. But our domestic animals make bargains -with us and sometimes resolutely keep us -to them. On this point a pleasant writer relates -an anecdote of a favorite mare who was so difficult -to catch in the pasture as to often require -six men to effect it; “but,” says he, “I carried -corn to her for a long time, without trying to -take her, leaving the corn on the ground. Next, -I induced her to eat the corn while I held it, -still leaving her free. Finally I persuaded her -to follow me, and now she will come trotting -half a mile at my whistle, leaping ditches, fording -brooks, in the darkness and rain, or in -impenetrable fog. She follows me like a dog to -the stable and I administer the corn there. But -it is a bargain; she knowingly sells her liberty -for the corn. The experiment of reducing the -reward to test her behavior having been tried, -she ceased to obey the whistle and resumed her -former habits; but the full and due quantity -having been restored, she yielded her liberty<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_356"></a>[356]</span> -again without resistance, and since then she is -not to be cheated.”</p> - -<p>A horse which is regularly used for attending -church, will, from its own observation, learn to -recognize the Sabbath and understand the -meaning of the church bells. Two interesting -illustrations of this fact I give on the authority -of a recent number of the Hartford <i>Post</i>:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>A pair of horses that had been used during the week -in team-work to Springfield, on Sunday were harnessed and -driven to the door unhitched, and, the family being rather -tardy that morning, as soon as the second bell began to -ring the horses started off alone, and with their usual Sunday -motion went up in front of the church, when, after -waiting the usual time, they quietly went around under the -horse-shed.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Here the horses plainly understood the distinction -between that day and the six previous -ones when they had been driven to Springfield, -else they would have gone, after starting, to -where they had been going through the week; -they also evidently understood that at the ringing -of the second bell it was time to start for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_357"></a>[357]</span> -church. The gentleman who communicated the -foregoing adds an instance which occurred in -his own family:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>The father of the writer, owing to increasing infirmities, -rode alone to meeting, half a mile, driving an old gray mare -twenty years old, and had not failed of going every Sabbath -for some years. On one occasion, owing to a fall, he could -not go to meeting, and on Sunday morning, as the time for -meeting approached, the horse, in a lot near the house, -manifested great uneasiness, and when the second bell -struck she leaped over the fence and trotted quietly to -church, stopping at her usual hitching-place, under an old -elm tree, until the close of the service, when the faithful -animal returned safely to the house.</p> - -</div> - -<p>When we remember that such exhibitions of -intelligence occur continually where the animals -have received no training on the subjects to -which they relate, it seems certain that they are -the result of a mental process which strongly -resembles thought, and we would expect, from -patient culture, displays of intelligence greatly -in advance of those ordinarily taking place. -Such an expectation is justified by the results -which have followed training when directed to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_358"></a>[358]</span> -this end. In a paper entitled “Canine Guests,” -Philip Gilbert Hamerton gives an account of -the trained dogs of M. du Rouil which, but for -the unimpeachable veracity of the writer, would -be almost incredible. M. du Rouil began to -educate his first dog out of curiosity to see the -effect of the sort of education which seemed to -him best adapted for establishing a close understanding -between the human and canine minds; -the results astonished himself and were so gratifying -that he subsequently educated two others -on the same principles. Two of these dogs, -“Blanche” and “Lyda,” with their master, were -guests of Mr. Hamerton, and the intelligence -they exhibited, and which he describes, is, by his -own admission, “incredible,” yet may be so only -because of our ignorance of the nature and -extent of the mental powers belonging to the -animal creation. Among the many feats performed -by them were the spelling of words by -lettered cards; the correction of words purposely -misspelled; the working out of simple -problems in arithmetic and the playing of cards<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_359"></a>[359]</span> -and dominoes. Of the latter, Mr. Hamerton -says: “Both the dogs played a game at dominoes. -This was managed as follows: the dogs -sat on chairs opposite each other, and took up -the domino that was wanted; but the master -placed it in its position and kept announcing -the state of the game. Their distress when -they could not go on without drawing from the -bank was announced in piteous whines, and -amused us all exceedingly. Lyda was the loser, -and precipitately retreated to hide herself with -an evident consciousness of defeat.”</p> - -<p>An incident occurred in the course of the -evening which showed some understanding of -language. A little girl wanted Blanche to come -to her, but the dog kept away, on which M. du -Rouil said, “Blanche, go salute the little girl!” -She immediately went up to the child and made -a formal obeisance.</p> - -<p>The owner of Blanche stated that he was -going home one night accompanied by the dog -and on his way saw a man who was searching -for some object that he had lost. “What are<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_360"></a>[360]</span> -you seeking?” he asked. The man answered -that he had lost 280 francs. “Possibly my dog -may be able to find them for you; have you -any money left? If you have, show her a piece -of gold.” It was done and the dog directed to -search. She at once set out and soon returned, -bringing first one piece of gold, then another, -and then a bank-note, till the whole sum that -had been lost was regained.</p> - -<p>M. du Rouil said that Blanche really knew -all the letters and the playing-cards by their -names, and Lyda really knew all the figures. -In addition to this Blanche had studied about -one hundred and fifty words in different languages, -something like twenty in each language. -So it was with Lyda and the figures. She knew -each one by its name, and would bring the one -called for. In describing the earlier stages of -training through which these dogs had passed, -their owner said the first thing was to make the -dog fetch an object, the next to make him discriminate -between one of two very different -objects placed together, and bring one or the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_361"></a>[361]</span> -other as it was mentioned by its name. In -beginning the alphabet he put two most dissimilar -letters side by side to begin with, such as an O -and an I, avoiding the confusion of similar ones, -such as O and Q or B and R. Gradually the -dog became observant enough to discriminate -between letters in which the difference was not -so marked. M. du Rouil said he had found the -greatest difficulty in teaching Blanche to distinguish -between the knaves and kings in playing-cards, -but that she learned the aces very -promptly. When he was asked what, after his -ten years’ experience, was his opinion of the -intelligence of dogs, he answered, with great -emphasis, “that it is infinite.”</p> - -<p>In subsequent pages I shall set forth my -method of educating both dogs and horses to -perform a variety of feats, which will be described, -and from the ideas thus imparted the -reader may multiply the number of tricks to -any desired amount.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_362"></a>[362]</span></p> - -<h3><i>FERREN’S PATENTED STEEL HORSESHOE.</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus60"> -<img src="images/illus60.jpg" width="600" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">HOOF EXPANDING HORSE SHOE FOR CONTRACTED FEET & CORNS</p> -<p class="caption">Ground surface of shoe.</p> -<p class="caption">The hoof prepared for the shoe.</p> -</div> - -<p>One of the most valuable patents for Horseshoes -was granted to H. B. Ferren, of Batavia, -N. Y., for a Steel Horseshoe, which promises to -come into general use, and will, to a very large -extent, supersede an Iron Shoe, whether made -by a machine or by hand, <i>because its form is the -best, the material is durable</i>, and the manner of -making is such as to secure economy, and its -adoption will prevent many of the prevalent -cruel malpractices upon a horse’s foot.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_363"></a>[363]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TRICK_HORSES">TRICK HORSES.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>Many horses are susceptible of an education -far more extensive than is necessary for ordinary -use, and for the benefit of such persons as may -desire to teach their horses something more than -the usual accomplishments, whether for their own -amusement, or for the purpose of seeing how -far the intelligence of the animal can be developed, -I have prepared a description of a variety -of tricks, which, as performed by my horses, have -been received with universal applause, both in -Canada and in the United States; to simplify -which, I have, at considerable cost, procured -plates, illustrating each of the tricks. But that -no person may be misled into supposing that -this forms a part of my general system of educating -the horse, I deem it proper to present -these directions separately.</p> - -<p>Though the tricks to be hereafter illustrated -and explained will add nothing of intrinsic value -to the horse, nor of real benefit to his owner,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_364"></a>[364]</span> -yet the reader will readily see in them the demonstration -of a highly important fact, viz., that -horses can be taught the meaning of words, and -to yield obedience to sounds to such an extent -as to convince a candid mind that their intelligence -is far in advance of that generally attributed -to them. With these remarks I will proceed -to explain the <i>modus operandi</i>, as I call -attention to a variety of tricks they may easily -be taught to perform. Before passing to this, -let me impress on the reader some leading principles -in educating the horse. First, never allow -yourself to get in a hurry; impatience or excitement -on your part will go far in defeating the -object of your instructions. Second, do not -prolong your lessons beyond twenty minutes at -one time; and, especially, never use severity -beyond that which may be absolutely necessary. -Thus by kindness and patience in repeating your -lessons at short intervals, you will surmount -every difficulty and accomplish your purpose in -a manner satisfactory to yourself.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_365"></a>[365]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO MOUNT A PEDESTAL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_366"></a>[366]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus61"> -<img src="images/illus61.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO MOUNT A PEDESTAL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_367"></a>[367]</span></p> - -<p>First make the Bonaparte bridle, and place it -on your horse, then lead him quietly up to the -pedestal, and say to him, “Get up with your fore-feet!” -of course he will not obey; now you -must teach him your meaning. While you hold -the bridle let some one take hold of his front foot, -raise it carefully and place it on the pedestal; -then caress him, after which say, “Get down!” -at the same time using your bridle in gently -backing him. When he puts his foot down do -not omit to caress him. Repeat this until he -will obey when spoken to, then go through the -same process with the other foot. After this, -place both feet on the pedestal; then require -him to get down, then up and down till he will -obey you without the use of the bridle. Great -care should be taken not to excite the horse -while educating him, for when excited his brain<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_368"></a>[368]</span> -becomes muddled, and he is unfitted for retaining -your instruction.</p> - -<p>To make your horse stand on three legs: -take a pin, and place it in the end of your whipstock, -and with the point prick him slightly on -the leg, in front, just below the fetlock joint, but -not hard enough to make him kick; repeat this -several times accompanied by the words, “hold -up your foot!” continuing to repeat the punishment -and words until he will obey the command -without punishment.</p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO MAKE A HORSE WALTZ.</i></h3> - -<p>Tie his head to his side by means of a surcingle -and cord, fastening the cord at the side, -reaching from the mouth; touch him lightly -with the whip. He has to go, and, of course, he -must go around and around. He soon learns -perfectly to waltz by the motion of the whip, -the teacher still repeating the word “waltz.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_369"></a>[369]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE THE HORSE TO WALK ON HIS HIND FEET.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_370"></a>[370]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus62"> -<img src="images/illus62.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS HIND FEET.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_371"></a>[371]</span></p> - -<p>Make the Bonaparte bridle, and put it on your -horse; also put on a bitting rig, similar to the -one shown in the engraving, drawing his head -pretty well up and in. Now stand near his head -with bridle in hand, and jerk upward, as though -you desired to lift him up, at the same time -repeating the words, “stand up on your hind -feet!” repeat this several times, and if he does -not make a move to please you, take hold of one -leg, raising him up with one hand and using the -bridle with the other, as before directed, not forgetting -to caress him if he makes the slightest -move in the direction of obedience. In order to -ensure success, kindness and patience should be -the ruling principles. After you have taught -your horse to stand on his hind feet you will -next educate him to walk upright. This can be -easily done by observing the following directions. -Stand in front of him, whip in hand, saying, “Get<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_372"></a>[372]</span> -up!” then shake the whip in front of him, stepping -backwards slowly, at the same time say to -him, “Come here!” repeating it sharply and -touching him gently with the whip on the knees. -By carefully observing the above directions, you -will quickly teach your horse to stand upright, -and to walk on his hind feet.</p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO MAKE A HORSE SAY “NO.”</i></h3> - -<p>Prick him on the neck at the terminus of the -mane till he shakes his head, then remove the -pin, caress him, repeat for a while, and your -horse will soon shake his head when you raise -your hand to your heart; be always sure to -treat the animal kindly for well-doing, and caress -him when he deserves it, and he will repay you -by his love for you and willingness to do your -bidding.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_373"></a>[373]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO PUSH A VEHICLE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_374"></a>[374]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus63"> -<img src="images/illus63.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO PUSH A VEHICLE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_375"></a>[375]</span></p> - -<p>After your horse has been taught to mount a -pedestal with his fore-feet, and to stand and -walk upright on his hind-feet it is a comparatively -easy task to educate him to mount upon a -vehicle and push it. It is not at all necessary -that a horse should be attached to it in front, as -appears in the illustration, where the engraver -has placed a representation of my black horse, -Prince Albert, as a matter of taste, not as being -necessary in conducting the instruction.</p> - -<p>In this trick it will be scarcely necessary for -the educator to put the Bonaparte bridle on his -horse unless he should show some stubbornness, -but, with bitting rig on, stand near his head, whip -in hand, and say to him in rather a loud -and sharp tone of voice, “Get up!” Some fear -on his part may be manifested, still do not give -up nor lose your patience, but lift his feet up -and caress him. When he does get up do not<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_376"></a>[376]</span> -at first allow the vehicle to move, nor until he -has mounted two or three times, then say to him, -“Push!” and in a short time you will have -taught him not only to get up on the vehicle but -to push it in front of him. After your horse has -been thoroughly taught, you will discover that -he is delighted to amuse you, and he will appear -pleased to participate in the enjoyment of the -trick.</p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO MAKE A HORSE GO LAME.</i></h3> - -<p>Tap him on the fore-leg till he holds it up, -then caress him kindly; lead him with the left -hand to the bit, and tap the left fore-leg with a -stick in your right hand; repeat the word “lame, -lame, lame,” and your horse will soon learn to -hold up one leg at the command.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_377"></a>[377]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BE VICIOUS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_378"></a>[378]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus64"> -<img src="images/illus64.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BE VICIOUS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_379"></a>[379]</span></p> - -<p>Many persons are incredulous in regard to -the assertion that horses can be educated; had -one lived a hundred years ago he might have -been excused for such incredulity, but in this age -of knowledge and advancement in all departments -of human life, no man should close his -eyes to any of the developments wrought by -man’s ingenuity. That the horse possesses more -intelligence than many are disposed to admit, -facts abundantly prove, and that he is quite as -susceptible of acquiring evil and vicious habits -as is man, the following trick will show.</p> - -<p>My horse, Prince Albert, appears to enjoy the -subjoined trick greatly, and I regard it as quite -a sensational one. To educate a horse to be -vicious you have only to attract his attention, -and then appear to be afraid of him. For instance, -strike him lightly with a whip on the -knees, then run away from him, and after you<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_380"></a>[380]</span> -have repeated this a few times he will run after -you. You may make the trick more interesting -by calling him names, such as “a nigger,” “a mean -horse,” and on speaking the words run from him. -But be careful to have some place of safety, so -that, when he follows, you may get out of his -reach, as at some time he may disappoint and -overtake you and mete out a punishment that -will be anything but pleasing or desirable.</p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO TEACH A HORSE TO LAUGH.</i></h3> - -<p>Prick him with a pin on the nose till he turns -his lip up; then caress him well. He will soon -learn that when you point towards him and say, -“Laugh,” that it means a prick in the nose, if -he does not turn his lip up.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_381"></a>[381]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS KNEES.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_382"></a>[382]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus65"> -<img src="images/illus65.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO WALK ON HIS KNEES.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_383"></a>[383]</span></p> - -<p>The reader will observe, by reading my book, -that great use is made of the Bonaparte bridle, -and if those who handle horses will always -resort to it when obedience from the horse is -desired, they will save much time, trouble and -annoyance that so often occur, especially to persons -who quickly loose their tempers. Men can -accomplish more in fifteen minutes using the bridle -than in fifteen hours with any other means, -as it does not inflict a severe punishment when -properly used, but never fails to secure obedience. -Therefore, as in most cases it is used, I, in the -present, introduce it again.</p> - -<p>Put a surcingle on the horse, attach a strap to -his nigh fore-foot between the fetlock joint and -hoof and draw it up to within eight or ten inches -of his body, then take a strap or cord, say 6 or -7 feet long, and fasten it to his off fore-leg in the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_384"></a>[384]</span> -same manner and secure the services of some -person to assist you, directing him to stand on -the off-side, and, when directed, to pull up his -foot. Place on the horse the Bonaparte bridle, -and take your position in front of him with bridle -in hand, requesting assistant to pull, when -your horse will come down on his knees, now -pull on your bridle and say, “Come here,” when -he will soon obey you. Do not make your lessons -long, but repeat them often; not forgetting -to caress him if he should make the slightest -move towards you.</p> - -<p>Never attempt to teach a horse this trick with -shoes on his hind-feet, as he might cut himself, -which would cause him to dread a second effort.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_385"></a>[385]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO DRIVE A BOY OFF THE PEDESTAL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_386"></a>[386]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus66"> -<img src="images/illus66.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO DRIVE A BOY OFF THE PEDESTAL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_387"></a>[387]</span></p> - -<p>It will be necessary to first educate the horse -to mount the pedestal. Instructions to do this -may be found elsewhere; then proceed in the -following manner to educate to the above trick. -Put on the Bonaparte bridle, using a cord, say -twenty feet long, and send your horse away -from you with a whip, the length of the cord, -then give him a slight pull, and say, “Come here;” -then run from him and mount the pedestal yourself; -when he approaches he will try to mount, -and as he does so you jump off. After you -have thus exercised him a few times get a boy -to assist you. Let the boy stand on the pedestal, -and say to your horse, “Come here and mount -up;” instruct the boy to leave so soon as the -animal shall mount.</p> - -<p>You will find this trick quite a sensational one, -and not difficult to learn your horse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_388"></a>[388]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO SHAKE HANDS.</i></h3> - -<p>This is easily accomplished by tying a short -strap or piece of cord to the forward foot below -the fetlock; then stand directly in front of the -horse, and hold the end of the strap in your -hand, and say, “Shake hands, sir.” After which -pull immediately upon the strap, which will bring -his foot forward, and which you are to accept as -shaking hands; then, of course, you must caress -and feed him, and keep him repeating, until, when -you make the demand, he will bring the foot -forward in anticipation of having it pulled up.</p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO MAKE A HORSE BOW.</i></h3> - -<p>Prick him in the breast with a pin, till he -throws his head down and up the least bit; then -take the pin away, and caress him kindly; repeat -for a few times, until when you stand back and -attract his attention, he will nod his head, expecting -a prick in the breast.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_389"></a>[389]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO SIT DOWN.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_390"></a>[390]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus67"> -<img src="images/illus67.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO SIT DOWN.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_391"></a>[391]</span></p> - -<p>Horses differ very much in their capacity for -being taught therefore, if you desire a pleasing -subject, select one that is tractable. Directions: -Make the Bonaparte bridle, and place it on your -horse, so that you may have him under proper -control, then put on him a common hame collar; -now take two pole-straps and place one on -each hind-leg, below the fetlock joint, and attach -a cord, say twelve feet long, to each strap, carry -your cord up through the collar on each side and -bring the ends behind him, holding also the end -of the Bonaparte bridle in your hand, and commence -to pull on your cords; now repeat over -the words, “sit down;” as he goes backwards -draw up still more on your cords, until he shall -sit down. Do not allow him to remain in this -sitting posture more than a minute the first -lesson. Repeat this two or three times a day<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_392"></a>[392]</span> -for five or six days, and you, with the assistance -of a whip pointed downwards to the ground, will -witness the pleasing effect of your instruction -by seeing your horse sit down at the word of -command.</p> - -<h3><i>TO CURE THE SCRATCHES IN THE SHORTEST -TIME EVER KNOWN.</i></h3> - -<p>Use two tablespoonfuls of lard, and one tablespoonful -of slacked lime; brush out the dirt and -dust from the foot; <i>use no water</i>. Apply the -salve, well mixed, twice each day. It will cure -the worst cases in 4 to 6 days.</p> - -<p>Another remedy:</p> - -<p>Hydrate of potassa, 10 grains; pulverized nut-galls, -½ oz.; white lead, pulverized opium, each -¼ oz.; lard, ¼ lb. Wash with soap-suds, rub dry, -and apply the mixture night and morning. Give -purging ball.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_393"></a>[393]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BORE FOR OIL.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_394"></a>[394]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus68"> -<img src="images/illus68.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO BORE FOR OIL.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_395"></a>[395]</span></p> - -<p>Place on your horse the Camanche bridle, and -educate him to the words, “Come here,” so that -he will mind you readily on hearing the words; -by this you can better control him while educating -to the trick in question. Some difficulty -may at first be experienced, but by patience and -perseverance you will not fail.</p> - -<p>Take an ordinary pole-strap and place it on -your horse below the fetlock joint on the off fore-foot; -now take one loose turn round the nigh -fore-foot, and take the end of the strap in one -hand, with the other hand pull gently on the -bridle, using the words as instructed. Your animal -will attempt to obey, but will find himself -somewhat hampered, yet he will quickly learn. -If he should at first move a foot to please you, -say “Whoa,” and then caress. Make your lesson -short, and do not try to force him too much, for if -you do he will become excited and resist your -effort.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_396"></a>[396]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO MAKE A HORSE WALK UP.</i></h3> - -<p>First put a rope around his neck, bring it -down through his mouth, back through the loop -on the neck, jerk him till he raises his fore-feet -the least bit, then stop and caress him; then -check him up tight to a surcingle—from the bit -to the side-ring is the better way; then jerk on -the cord, and he will soon get up erect; repeat, -still caressing him well for all he does; he will -soon get up at the motion of the whip. You -should, when practicing him, repeat the words, -“get up, sir!” It is in this manner I taught -Tom Thumb to go up and down stairs, and to -perform on the stage in different places, affording -amusement to thousands of witnesses.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_397"></a>[397]</span></p> - -<h3><i>A SURE METHOD OF MAKING A HORSE BAD TO CATCH.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_398"></a>[398]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus69"> -<img src="images/illus69.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A SURE METHOD OF MAKING A HORSE BAD TO CATCH.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_399"></a>[399]</span></p> - -<p>Two or three pages might be written upon -this subject, and profitably read by owners of -horses. Young men and boys are largely addicted -to the habit of riding or leading the -horse up to the bars or fence, and, some being -too lazy to let down the rails properly, compelling -him to jump over, and if he resists, the first -effort is to hit him with the bridle or halter, and -away the animal goes almost frantic with fear. -To another class it proves an amusement, certainly -arising from a depraved nature, as they -like to see the animal jump; and to enjoy their -sport they hurry him over regardless of consequences—not -thinking they are laying the foundation -of a very bad habit in the horse—that of -being bad to catch in the field. Let those who -have been guilty in the past, after reading this<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_400"></a>[400]</span> -paragraph over, desist from pursuing such a -course of conduct toward horses, and ere long -the time will come when there will be no need -to apply the remedy—elsewhere found—to educate -the horse that is bad to catch in the field.</p> - -<h3><i>HIDE BOUND.</i></h3> - -<p>This condition of the skin is usually produced -by any derangement of system. Medicine of an -alterative character is here indicated. The most -successful remedy is sulphur, pulverized, 8 oz.; -nitrate of potassa, pulverized, 3 oz.; black antimony, -pulverized, 2 oz.; sulphate of iron, 4 oz. -Mix well together, and give one tablespoonful -twice a day.</p> - -<p>Another good remedy:</p> - -<p>Take saltpetre, 4 oz.; crude antimony, 1 oz.; -sulphur, 2 oz. Both the saltpetre and antimony -should be finely pulverized, then add the sulphur, -and mix well together. Dose: tablespoonful of -the mixture in bran-mash daily.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_401"></a>[401]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TAKE A HANDKERCHIEF FROM HIS SIDE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_402"></a>[402]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus70"> -<img src="images/illus70.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO TAKE A HANDKERCHIEF FROM HIS SIDE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_403"></a>[403]</span></p> - -<p>The reader must understand that it is necessary -first to educate your animal to obey the -words “come here” and “whoa,” before he can -be taught tricks successfully.</p> - -<p>There must be great caution used in teaching -the above trick. First stand on the nigh-side -and prick the animal lightly on the shoulder; -he will reach round and bite near where the -punishment is inflicted. After you have repeated -this a few times, hold a handkerchief in -hand with the pin and he will soon catch hold -of it with his teeth; as you use the pin, say -“Take it from the nigh-side.” Next prick him -with a pin on the off-shoulder, handkerchief -accompanying, and say “Take it from the off-side.” -When you have given him five or six -lessons, you may hold the handkerchief on his -side and touch him with your finger, repeating<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_404"></a>[404]</span> -the words above directed. The instructor -must be cautious when using the pin in educating, -not to provoke so as to make the animal -cross.</p> - -<h3><i>DISTEMPER.</i></h3> - -<p>All catarrhal affections are classed by horse -owners under the head of distemper. Common -catarrh, epidemic catarrh, laryngitis, bronchitis, -and all other diseases accompanied by nasal discharges, -are regarded by horsemen as one and -the same.</p> - -<p>The following remedy is to cure distemper in -its simple form, as we find it in colts soon after -the disease commences. If there is swelling -under the jaws, poultice the throat with flaxseed -meal, or bread and milk. Apply mustard and -vinegar, and give internally one of the following -powders in feed: pulverized gentian, 2 ounces; -sulph. copper, 1 oz.; pulverized ginger, 6 drams; -mix, and divide into 8 powders.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_405"></a>[405]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO KISS A BOY.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_406"></a>[406]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus71"> -<img src="images/illus71.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">TO EDUCATE A HORSE TO KISS A BOY.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_407"></a>[407]</span></p> - -<p>This kind of education is not particularly -beneficial to the horse owner, but it illustrates -clearly the idea foreshadowed in many parts of -my work: first, that the horse may be taught -almost anything that is in his power to do; -second, that if you go rightly to work you may -so gain his confidence that he will cheerfully -obey every reasonable command.</p> - -<p><i>Direction.</i>—Take a piece of apple, place it in -your mouth and say to your horse, “Kiss me.” -He will approach you to take it; when he does -so caress him. After repeating this a few times, -when you approach him extend your mouth -towards his and repeat the words “kiss me.” -If he does not respond, place a piece of apple -in your mouth as before, and repeat it until he -shall obey without the use of the apple.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_408"></a>[408]</span></p> - -<h3><i>BONE SPAVIN.</i></h3> - -<p>One-half pound of blood root; 1 quart of alcohol; -2 oz. tannin; ¼ lb. alum. Mix and let -stand. Shaking several times a day till the -strength is all in the alcohol, and bathe the -spavin twice a day, rubbing with the hand.</p> - -<h3><i>FOR WINDGALLS.</i></h3> - -<p>Olive oil, 2 oz.; nitric acid, ¼ oz. Rub as -much in every day, or every second or third day, -as will bear without starting the hair.</p> - -<h3><i>FOR INFLAMED SWELLINGS OR LAMED -SHOULDERS.</i></h3> - -<p>Equal parts oil amber, oil spike, gum camphor, -and ether. Should be shaken well before using, -and well rubbed in with the hand.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_409"></a>[409]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="EDUCATING_DOGS">EDUCATING DOGS.</h2> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_410"></a>[410]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus72"> -<img src="images/illus72.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">EDUCATING DOGS.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_411"></a>[411]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO ROLL A BARREL.</i></h3> - -<p>Place, on the dog the Bonaparte bridle so that -you may control him; then put his fore-feet -upon the barrel, standing in front of him with -a piece of meat extended towards him, and say, -“Roll the barrel;” pull gently on the cord, and -if he should start the barrel don’t fail to caress -him. With two dogs, put one on the top of the -barrel, and they will quickly learn to roll it -without being enticed by meat.</p> - -<h3><i>TO FIRE A GUN.</i></h3> - -<p>Drill a hole in the back of a common chair; -attach a piece of iron at the lower part of the -pistol, and place it in the chair as illustrated; -tie a string with a knot in the end, to the trigger;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_412"></a>[412]</span> -let it run through a ring in the butt of the -pistol, then tie a piece of meat to the end of -the string; now the dog will try to get the meat; -in doing so he will fire it off. Load the pistol -with blank cartridges. A few lessons will educate -the animal so that at the order, “Make ready—present—fire!” -he will obey. Place his mate in -front of the pistol in a sitting posture and -stand near him, and when the report is heard, -teach him to lie down, which you can easily do -by at first pressing him down with your hand -until he will mind the word “dead.” Dogs are -remarkably fond of being caressed, and the -reader should not neglect this important accompaniment -to his instructions.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_413"></a>[413]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus73"> -<img src="images/illus73.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">EDUCATION OF DOGS—Continued</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_414"></a>[414]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO PASS BETWEEN YOUR LEGS.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_415"></a>[415]</span></p> - -<p>Hold meat in your hand and pass it from one -hand to the other between your legs. Occasionally -give the animal a small piece; you will -thus induce him after a little to obey the command -“Pass through,” motioning in the direction -with your hand.</p> - -<h3><i>TO JUMP THROUGH A HOOP.</i></h3> - -<p>At the first lesson procure a barrel hoop and -elevate it, say six inches from the ground, holding -it in your hand, and with the other hold -out a piece of meat a short distance from the -hoop, and say to your dog, “Jump.” He will -go for the meat; increase the height of the -hoop a little each time, and you will soon have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_416"></a>[416]</span> -taught him so that you may not only reduce -the hoop in size, but he will obey you without -the use of meat.</p> - -<h3><i>TO STAND ON CHAIRS.</i></h3> - -<p>Place two chairs back to back; then separate -the chairs, say one foot apart, and decoy your -dog to mount on one chair; then hold a piece -of meat in your hand elevated above the chairs, -and it will attempt to climb for the meat; repeat -this process a few times, and soon you will -educate the animal to rest its feet on the back -of each chair; after which you may increase -the distance until you distend the body, as seen -in engraving, in accordance with your wishes. -Continue until it will readily obey you without -the use of meat; often caress the animal, as by -this means you increase confidence and secure -obedience.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_417"></a>[417]</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_418"></a>[418]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="MISCELLANEOUS">MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> - -</div> - -<h3><i>FOR CURING COLIC IN HORSES.</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus74"> -<img src="images/illus74.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">EFFECTUAL REMEDY FOR COLIC.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_419"></a>[419]</span></p> - -<p><i>Symptoms.</i>—Pawing, manifesting a desire to -be down, and, without doing so, commence -pawing again. As the symptoms increase the -animal cannot be kept on his feet; he frequently -falls as if shot; pulse not altered from natural -condition. Intervals of rest, together with the -condition of the pulse, distinguish the disease -from inflammation of the bowels. Treat as -follows:</p> - -<p>Take a piece of woolen cloth, about one foot -square, or its equivalent in pieces, saturate the -cloth thoroughly with mutton or beef tallow, -using from a quarter to a half pound, then roll -up the cloth and it is ready for use; next place -a blanket over the head of the horse, as seen in -engraving; then set fire to the cloth, holding it<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_420"></a>[420]</span> -under the horses head with a shovel, and allowing -him to inhale the smoke. Care should be -used so as not to strangle the horse. By strictly -following the foregoing treatment the efficacy -of this remedy will be shown, as the animal will -be relieved in from fifteen to twenty minutes.</p> - -<p>Another remedy is:</p> - -<p>Frequent injections of soap and water; and -give internally, spirits of nitre, 10 drams; laudanum, -10 drams; water, ½ pint. Mix for drench. -This may be repeated in twenty minutes, if relief -is not obtained.</p> - -<p>Another remedy, giving <i>instant</i> relief:</p> - -<p>From 45 to 50 drops of chloroform, given on -sugar, I have never known to fail giving immediate -relief.</p> - -<p>I have known men to be from home, and have -their horses taken with this disease, and use this -remedy, and in thirty minutes the horses were -able to be driven.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_421"></a>[421]</span></p> - -<h3><i>THE ONLY SAFE AND PRACTICAL WAY TO GIVE A HORSE MEDICINE.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_422"></a>[422]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;" id="illus75"> -<img src="images/illus75.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE ONLY PRACTICAL AND SAFE WAY TO GIVE MEDICINE.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_423"></a>[423]</span></p> - -<p>Much difficulty is experienced in giving medicine -to a horse, but those who view and comprehend -the foregoing illustration will see how easily -all difficulty may be removed. In administering -the medicine while the animal is standing, there -is a constant liability to annoyance from the -danger of strangling, by holding the head too -high, or of spilling the medicine, in which cases -the owner is foiled and the horse is left to suffer. -The idea as illustrated, of which I claim to be -the originator, though simple in itself is of great -importance.</p> - -<p><i>Directions.</i>—If your horse is standing, use the -directions previously given to throw him; when -down, turn his mouth upward and pull a little on -the cord used in throwing him, when he will -open his mouth, and you can give the medicine<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_424"></a>[424]</span> -with a spoon without risk of spilling it; always -observing care not to allow it to enter the nostrils, -by which a horse may easily be strangled. -Any person following these directions, will soon -appreciate the value of the method described.</p> - -<h3><i>SPAVIN.</i></h3> - -<p>This being a valuable recipe, it is worth money -to any man dealing in horses.</p> - -<p>Euphorbium, 5 oz.; cantharides, fine, 2 oz., -iodine, 1 oz., dissolved in alcohol; red precipitate, -½ oz.; corrosive sublimate, 2 oz.; quicksilver, -½ oz.; hog’s lard, 6 oz.; white turpentine, 6 -oz.; verdigris, ¼ lb. Melt the lard and turpentine -together, then, while hot, add the others, -except the quicksilver, which must be stirred in -as it becomes cold. Mix well. When cold it is -fit for use. Rub it in well on the spavin every -day for three days, then wash clean with soap-suds, -and omit for three days; then repeat for -three days, and so continue until a perfect cure -is effected. Should it blister, use more cautiously.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_425"></a>[425]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO TELL A HORSE’S AGE.</i></h3> - -<p>There is only one sure way of telling the age of -a horse, and that is by an examination of his teeth, -and that only extends to a certain age, although -an experienced horseman can guess very nearly -for some time after that period. There are six -teeth in the front part of a horse’s mouth, above -and below, called the gatherers, from which we -may judge of his age. When a colt is foaled, -he generally has no teeth in the front part of -his mouth. In a few days, two come in the -upper jaw, and two below; and again, after a -few days, four more appear, but the corner teeth -do not make their appearance until he is four -or five months old; these twelve teeth remain -unchanged in the front of the colt’s mouth until -he is about two years old, when he sheds the -two center nippers.</p> - -<p>At three years old, a colt sheds the adjoining -teeth. At four years old, the under or corner -teeth. At five years old, the bridle tooth makes -its appearance. At six years old, the cups leave -the two center teeth below. At seven years old, -the cups leave the adjoining teeth. At eight<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_426"></a>[426]</span> -years old, the cups leave the outer or corner -teeth. At nine years old, the cups leave the -two center nippers, above. At ten years old, -the cups leave the adjoining teeth. At eleven -years old, the cups leave the corner upper teeth. -At twelve years, or past, the groove on inside -of the bridle tooth disappears in a horse. Mares -very seldom have them.</p> - -<h3><i>NEW METHOD TO TELL THE AGE.</i></h3> - -<p>(See engraving of horse’s teeth from the age of 7 to 18 years. Always -look for the cups in the upper teeth.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;" id="illus76"> -<img src="images/illus76.jpg" width="500" height="1000" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">18 Years. 16 Years. 14 Years.</p> -<p class="caption">7 Years. 8 Years. 9 Years. 10 Years. 11 Years. 12 Years.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_427"></a>[427]</span></p> - -<table summary="Guide to the teeth"> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">7</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>The cups in center of teeth are large.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">8</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>A trifle smaller.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">9</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>Still smaller.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">11</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>Smaller.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">12</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>Cups in center of teeth are smaller and nearly round.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">14</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>The teeth are round and cups have nearly disappeared.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">16</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>Are a mere speck in the teeth; scarcely discernible.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">18</td> - <td>years.</td> - <td>The cups have worn away, and the teeth are round.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_428"></a>[428]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TRAINING_STEERS">TRAINING STEERS.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>Drive your steer in a small yard, fenced so -that he cannot escape. Then approach him -gently, and if he runs, do not run after him, but -follow slowly and quietly. Should he again run -from you, do not strike him with the whip, or in -any way frighten him, he will soon stand and -permit you to approach him. Place then around -his body a surcingle or strap, near the fore-legs. -Take a hame-strap and buckle around the near -fore-foot; take a cord or rope, and pass it -through under the surcingle, and tie to the strap -which is around the foot. The cord should be -twenty or thirty feet long, to permit him to run -about you in the yard, without your pulling on -it. Draw up on the rope to force him to move -on three legs; approach him gently, till he will -permit you to handle him as you please. Then -hold up the near fore-foot by the cord, with your<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_429"></a>[429]</span> -left hand, and holding the whip in your right, -pass it over his shoulder, and quietly touch him -on the off-side of his head, and at the same time -say, “Haw!” continue thus till he moves his head -towards you, for which caress him about the -head and neck; repeat this till he will “haw,” at -the word, towards you. Should he attempt to -run from you, pull on the strap, say “Haw,” at the -same time touch him on the head with the whip. -He will soon learn to stop at the word of command, -in, this way, and turn towards you readily. -Then take off the rig and turn him loose. Then -proceed with the mate in the same way, when -you can turn it out, and by this time the other -steer will be ready to receive another lesson. -Drive it in the same yard, and repeat the lesson -with a whip. Quietly touch on the near side of -the head, and at the same time say, “Gee!” until -he will move around from you. Then caress -him, till he will “gee” or “haw” readily. Go -through the same lesson with the other. That -is all you should try to do with them in four -hours’ time. Take both together in the yard;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_430"></a>[430]</span> -repeat this lesson till both understand what you -desire of them. Take one of them near the -wall; stand by his side; hit him gently on the -head, at the same time say “Back!” till he will -step back; then caress him. Repeat, till he will -go back readily at the word. Give each the -same lesson. This manner of training steers -will make them always do your bidding. When -convenient, repeat the above lessons, with both -together. Then put on the yoke, and let them -go. One hour, at first, is long enough to become -accustomed to the restraint of the yoke. -Repeat this in the yard.</p> - -<p>If the steers should ever run from you, which -often occurs in an ordinary method of training, -buckle a hame-strap around the foot, bring it up -through the surcingle back to the sled or wagon, -between the steers. Let the man pull on the -cord if they attempt to run away; this will pull -up their feet; whip them over the head, which -will stop them and break up the habit.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_431"></a>[431]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TREATISE_ON_HORSESHOEING">TREATISE ON HORSESHOEING.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>The main object should be to have the shoe -so formed as to size, weight, fitting, and fastening, -as to combine the most advantages of protection, -and preserve the natural tread of the -foot the best. In weight, it should be proportioned -to the work or employment of the horse. -The foot should not be loaded with more iron -than is necessary to preserve it. If the work -of the horse is principally on the road, at heavy -draught, the shoe should be rather heavy, in -order that it may not be bent by contact with -hard, uneven earth; it should be wide in the -web, and of equal thickness and width from the -toe to the heel, that it may as much as possible -protect the sole, without altering the natural -position of the foot; it should be well drawn in -at the heels, that it may rest on the bars, thereby -protecting the corn place, or angles between the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_432"></a>[432]</span> -bar and crust, and should in no part extend -beyond the outer edge of the crust.</p> - -<p>It is too often the case that the shoe is made -according to the smith’s notions of what the -form of the horse’s foot should be, and the foot -is pared, burned, and rasped until it fits the -shoe. Now, it should always be borne in mind -that the shoe is intended for the foot, and not -the foot for the shoe, and that it is therefore -peculiarly proper to make the shoe fit the natural -form of the foot. It is impossible to have -the foot of a horse sound and safe, for work and -use, after bringing it to an unnatural figure, by -the use of the knife and rasp. The foot of the -horse being elastic, it expands to the weight of -the horse, in precisely the same degree, whether -resting upon the most open or the most contracted -shoe. Therefore, the shape of the shoe -cannot possibly affect the shape of the foot. -The form of the foot is determined by the situation -of the nails If the nails are placed so -that the inside quarters and heels are left free -to expand in a natural manner, no shape which<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_433"></a>[433]</span> -we can give to the shoe can of itself change the -form of the foot. It must not be inferred, however, -from this that the shape of the shoe is of -no importance; quite the contrary being the -case, as I have already shown. In forming the -shoe, we should always adopt that which produces -the greatest number of advantages with -the fewest disadvantages.</p> - -<p>We find that the sole-surface of the foot is by -nature concave in form, which seems to offer -the greatest fulcrum of resistance to the horse -when traveling. It is important to preserve -the natural mechanical action of the horn and -sole; therefore the ground surface of the foot, -that is to say, the ground surface of the shoe, -should be leveled cup fashion; its outer edge -being prominent, corresponds to the lower and -outer rim of the hoof; while the shoe being -hollow, resembles the natural cavity of the sole -of the foot. The ground surface of the shoe -should always be concave.</p> - -<p>The pattern that nature has presented us in -making the sole concave, cannot be improved<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_434"></a>[434]</span> -upon by the smith, with all his skill. The expansion -of the heels, and growth of the foot, -require that the shoe should be long enough, -and wide enough at the heels, to allow for the -natural growth of the foot in the time it is calculated -the shoe should be on before being -reset; for as the foot enlarges, the shoe is -brought forward until it loses its original proportion, -and becomes too short and narrow. -The shoe may be about a quarter of an inch -wider and longer than the extreme bearing of -the heels; and the nail-holes should be punched -coarse and in the center of the web. The manner -of fastening the shoe is what really affects -the foot, and what requires the most special -attention in shoeing; for the foot, being elastic, -expands in the same proportion on the rough -as on the nicely-fitted shoe. It is the number -and position of the nails that really affect the -foot. If they are placed well back in the quarters, -four on a side, as is common, the crust is -held as firmly to this unyielding shoe as if in a -vice, which utterly prevents the free action necessary<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_435"></a>[435]</span> -to its health. Inflammation is produced, -which causes contraction and the consequent, -derangement of the whole foot. If the free -natural expansion of the foot, and the spreading -of the quarters in proportion to the growth of -the hoof is prevented by the nailing of the shoe, -irritation of the fleshy substance between the -crust and coffin-bone will result, and ultimately -create so much diseased action of the parts as -to cause contraction and navicular disease. -Shoes may be fastened without causing such -mischief, if the following method of nailing is -observed.</p> - -<p>In experimenting, for the purpose of ascertaining -how few nails are absolutely necessary, -under ordinary circumstances, for retaining the -shoe securely in its place as long as it should -remain upon the foot, it has been satisfactorily -established that five nails are amply sufficient -for the fore shoes, and seven for the hind ones, -three should be placed on the outside of the -foot, and two on the inner side, near the toe, -thereby leaving the foot free to expand in a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_436"></a>[436]</span> -natural manner. The nails should not be driven -high up in the crust, but brought out as soon as -possible. Another mistake with most smiths -is in rasping the clinches away too fine; they -should be turned broad and flat. It is also a -custom with some to rasp and sand-paper the -whole surface of the hoof, for the purpose of -making it look nice and smooth. Such a practice -should never be tolerated; the covering -thus removed is provided by nature to protect -the too rapid evaporation of the moisture of the -hoof, and when taken away, causes the horn to -become dry and brittle. It has so long been -customary to use as many nails as could be -conveniently driven, in fact, of fastening the -shoe as if it were to a lifeless block of wood, -that the fear is very commonly entertained that -the shoe will not be held in its place with so -few nails. Such fears are utterly groundless, as -both theory and practice demonstrate. If the -presence of a nail in the crust were a matter of -no moment, and two or three more than are -really necessary were merely useless, no great<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_437"></a>[437]</span> -reason would exist for condemning the common -practice of using too many nails, but it is far -otherwise; the nails, aside from confining the -natural expansion of the hoof, separate the -fibres of the horn, which never, by any chance, -become united again, but continue apart and -unclosed, until, by degrees, they grow down with -the rest of the hoof, and are finally, after repeated -shoeing, removed by the knife.</p> - -<p>As these holes cannot possibly grow down -and be removed under three shoeings, it will be -found, even with a small number of nails, that -three times that number of holes must exist in -the hoof all the while; and as they are often, -from various causes, extended into each other, -they necessarily keep it in a brittle, unhealthy -state, and materially interfere with the future -nail-hold. As the position of the hind-foot, and -the nature of its office, render it less liable to -injury than the fore-foot, consequently, it less -frequently lames; however, disease of the navicular -bone of this foot is by no means impossible. -The same care should be taken as with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_438"></a>[438]</span> -the fore-foot. Calks, although they may be -turned down of perfectly even length on each -side (which is seldom done), are objectionable -appendages, and should be dispensed with, except, -perhaps, for very heavy draughts, or when -the roads are frozen or covered with ice.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_439"></a>[439]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO PREVENT HORSES INTERFERING.</i></h3> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_440"></a>[440]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus77"> -<img src="images/illus77.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">INTERFERING AND OVERREACHING.</p> -<p class="caption"><i>Fig. 1.</i> <i>Fig. 2.</i> <i>Fig. 3.</i></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_441"></a>[441]</span></p> - -<p>Nature has provided a proper hoof for the -horse, but sometimes it is round and flat and -the animal will strike itself with the crust when -not shod; the natural tendency being to travel -very close, especially with the hind-feet.</p> - -<p>Well-informed minds, together with the mechanical -skill of many blacksmiths, have been -brought to bear upon this topic, and after years -of experience and research they have been unable -to remedy this evil. As such I term it, because -horses have suffered much, and become -depreciated in value because of being addicted -to the annoying habit of interfering.</p> - -<p>I here propose to give a sure and certain -remedy that has never been known to fail. The -preparation of the hoof is by no means as -important as that of the shoe; yet, should the -animal interfere very badly, it may be better to -leave the outside a trifle the lowest; however, -the smith ought to be governed by circumstances,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_442"></a>[442]</span> -not as to the shoe, but to paring the -hoof. All that can be removed from the inside -without putting the hoof out of shape ought to -be done. Also pare the hoof at the toe instead -of the heel, simply rasping it so as to form a -level surface. Prepare the shoe carefully in -accordance with the following directions, and -as illustrated on foregoing engraving, Fig. 1:</p> - -<p>Make the inside twice the width and twice -the thickness that you do the outside, gradually -tapering the width and thickness from the toe-calk. -Make the heel-calk on the inside or heavy -part of the shoe, about an inch long, and lengthwise -from heel to toe, and incline it a little -inward to the frog of the foot. Don’t allow -your shoes to remain on longer than four weeks -at most, and use as small nails as possible.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_443"></a>[443]</span></p> - -<h3><i>OVERREACHING.</i></h3> - -<p>Young horses are more subject to overreaching -than old ones. It very frequently disappears -as the speed of the animal is increased. At a -moderate gait, the front feet do not always get -out of the way in time for the hind ones, as -they are brought forward. Sometimes the heels -are cut or badly bruised, and occasionally the -shoes are torn from the fore-feet.</p> - -<p><i>Remedy.</i>—Have the front shoes made nearly -twice the weight of the hind shoes. Lower the -toe-calk on the fore shoe and increase the ordinary -length of the calk on the hind shoe, and -do not make the fore shoe to project more than -half an inch beyond the heel. If the horse -should have a good square heel, don’t allow the -shoe to project any. Observe to instruct the -smith to pare the toe or forward part of the -fore-foot, and <i>not the heel</i>, simply rasping it to -form a level surface. See illustration of shoes, -Figs. 2 and 3.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_444"></a>[444]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sure Method of Producing a Rapid -Growth in Horses’ Hoofs.</span>—Wash the hoof -and apply common soft soap inside and out, -twice a day, avoiding to rub any on the frog of -the foot. Care should be used so as not to allow -the soap to remain on the hair near the hoof. -By putting a mark near the hair, the operator -will be better able to judge the rapid growth. -While using the above, should the hoof get -soft, apply salt, which will quickly harden. I -have grown an entirely new hoof on a horse in -six weeks, by following the above direction.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_445"></a>[445]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="AN_EXPOSITION">AN EXPOSITION<br /> -<span class="smaller">OF THE</span><br /> -DUNBAR SYSTEM OF HORSESHOEING,<br /> -<span class="smaller">AND TREATMENT OF THE HORSE’S FOOT.</span></h2> - -<p class="noindent"><i>As taught to the Farriers of the United States Army by -<span class="smcap">Alexander Dunbar</span>, under the authority of the Joint -Resolution of Congress, and for which Dunbar received -twenty-five thousand dollars. Highly recommended to the -U. S. Army by Robert Banner and George Wilkes.</i></p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING AND DRIVING -THE SHOE.</i></h3> - -<p>The first thing to be done is to carefully -examine the horse’s feet all around, to see that -they are of a natural shape, taking care to -abstain from any action that will tend to excite -the horse.</p> - -<p>The shoes should be removed one at a time, -and the nails carefully drawn after the clinches -are cut, one at a time; anything like tearing off<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_446"></a>[446]</span> -the shoe by main force should by all means be -avoided.</p> - -<p>The shoe being removed, the rasp should then -be used on the edge of the foot where the shoe -has been, removing all dirt and gravel which may -have accumulated there, and thus prevent injury -to the shoeing knife.</p> - -<p>If the foot is healthy and of a natural shape, -and has been shod regularly, no alteration is -required, but simply to pare out the sole of the -foot, removing the bors entirely, and opening -out the heels back. The surface of the frog -should be trimmed off a very little, but the sides -should never be cut.</p> - -<p>By reference to Plate No. 12 the exact idea of -the system of paring the foot may be gained. -It has been practiced successfully, and is recommended -for the simple reason that by the system -of removing the bors and opening out the heels, -contraction is prevented, and the frog retains its -natural shape, because all pressure is removed -from each side.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_447"></a>[447]</span></p> - -<p>The foot should not be scooped out so as to -leave the wall projecting without any support; -for the wall of the hoof is the base upon which -the horse travels, and this should be supported -by a sufficiency of the sole as a “ground surface.” -The shoes should be removed and the -feet prepared one at a time.</p> - -<p>In fitting a shoe to the foot, after it has been -thoroughly prepared, the farrier should take hold -of the foot and see that the shoe is perfectly -easy on the heels, and that he has sufficient room -all around in the manner illustrated on Plate No. -11. If the shoe is found to fit well everywhere, -he will take the foot between his knees, and -placing the shoe properly, drive the nails with -great care, so that the shoe cannot get out of -its proper place. When the nails are started he -should hammer them home lightly, or according -to the foot he is working on. The three nails -on the inside and outside, toward the toe, should -always be driven a little tighter than the heel -nails, so as to prevent pressure on the heels. -No man should be in a hurry in shoeing a horse,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_448"></a>[448]</span> -but should always be careful in fitting and driving -the shoe as instructed.</p> - -<p>A shoe should never be fitted tightly, unless -the coffin-bone has too much play; then it should -be fitted tight around the toe and each quarter, -as far as the nail-holes extend back, in order to -contract the foot, and bring the coffin-bone to its -proper place. Such cases are, however, very -rare.</p> - -<p>The heels of the shoe should never be allowed -to curve inward toward the frog, and the foot -should be prepared so as to prevent any pressure -from the shoe on the heel, in the manner -shown by Plate No. 14, at the same time -allowing the bearing of the shoe to be perfectly -equal.</p> - -<p>If the horse has a long foot it should be -shortened on the toe as much as possible—the -more the better—for the hoof grows out more -quickly at the toe; and it is necessary, because -in a case of this kind the coffin-bone is necessarily -out of its proper position, and the operation -of shortening the toe must be continued until it<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_449"></a>[449]</span> -resumes its natural shape; but a close operation, -and working the horse at the same time, is not -recommended, because the foot can be brought -to its proper shape by cutting gradually in time.</p> - -<p>After the cutting has been performed, a shoe -should be fitted so as to have the pressure on -each quarter, and with heels, if the horse’s heels -are naturally low, in order to prevent a sudden -change.</p> - -<p>A horse should be re-shod at least once a -month.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plate No. 3</span>—<i>Paring out the Foot.</i>—By reference -to this plate it will be seen what a -difference there exists between the system -recommended and practiced by Mr. Dunbar, and -the old style practiced and recommended by all -authorities on the subject heretofore.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus78"> -<img src="images/illus78.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 3. <span class="smcap">Paring the Foot.</span></p> -<p class="caption"><i>a</i> New Style. <i>b</i> Old Style.</p> -</div> - -<p>The bors should be <i>cut away entirely</i>, removing -the pressure from the frog, and cutting out the -heel. By this system of paring the foot a ground -surface will always be left, commencing at the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_450"></a>[450]</span> -heel and expanding gradually, as illustrated by -the plates “A” to “C;” the sides of the frog -should never be cut, but the top should be cut -down sufficiently to allow it to be clear of the -ground after the shoe is fitted. The cleft of the -frog should always be cleaned out thoroughly -every time the shoe is renewed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plates Nos. 4. and 5</span>—<i>Long Feet before and -after Cutting.</i>—A horse with a long foot, as will -be easily seen, will suffer from an undue pressure -on the heels (see article on Corns), causing corns, -and in addition to that, if the foot is not shortened -in time, it will cause the coffin-bone to lose its -proper shape, but this can be remedied by -shortening the toe every time the horse is shod, -thus keeping the foot in its proper shape.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_452"></a>[452]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus79"> -<img src="images/illus79.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 4. <span class="smcap">Long Foot—Before Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_453"></a>[453]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus80"> -<img src="images/illus80.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 5. <span class="smcap">Long Foot—After Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p>The common practice of fitting a shoe tight -on the heels, to prevent interfering, is entirely -wrong; an interfering horse does not strike with -his heel, but with the inner side of the toe, not -further back than the heel-nails, both hind and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_451"></a>[451]</span> -forward. To prevent this, the shoe should be -fitted wider on the <i>inner</i> than on the <i>outer</i> heel. -A horse that interferes should be carefully -examined by the farrier before shoeing, who -will notice particularly the shape of his feet. If -the animal stands <i>inward</i> and interferes, the -<i>outside</i> quarter should be cut down, and thus -throw the foot level; and if he stands outward -and interferes, the <i>inside</i> quarter should be cut -down for the same reason. After this a shoe<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_455"></a>[455]</span> -should be fitted with no nails on the inner -quarter, which should be <i>thickest</i>.</p> - -<p>To prevent a horse traveling pigeon-toed is -simply to pare off the inner quarter of the toe, -and have the shoe fitted as above. By this -operation the bearing will be level. This will -apply also to a horse for light riding, and for a -horse traveling between the shafts; but for the -latter a good block heel on the outer, and a small -one on the inner quarter of the shoe should be -made; the toe also to be made thick in proportion, -to make the bearing level.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_454"></a>[454]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus81"> -<img src="images/illus81.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 10. <span class="smcap">Coffin-Bone.</span></p> - -<p class="caption">Fig. 1.</p> - -<ul> -<li><i>a</i> Upper pastern.</li> -<li><i>b</i> Lower pastern.</li> -<li><i>c</i> Navicular bone.</li> -<li><i>d</i> Coffin-bone.</li> -</ul> - -<p class="caption">Fig. 2.</p> - -<ul> -<li><i>a</i> Upper pastern.</li> -<li><i>b</i> Lower pastern.</li> -<li><i>c</i> Navicular bone.</li> -<li><i>d</i> Coffin-bone, with the horny laminæ.</li> -</ul> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plate No. 10</span> is a representation of a perfectly -healthy coffin-bone, with the upper and -lower pastern and navicular bones front, and -reverse sides. The system recommended by the -author is intended to prevent any pressure -whatever on the wings of the coffin-bone. -Anything that prevents the perfectly free action -of the coffin-bone will cause “navicular disease,” -and “ossified cartilages.” After a foot is pared, -as recommended in this, so as to be easily<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_456"></a>[456]</span> -expanded, the wings of the coffin-bone, which -are the widest part, should be protected by a -wide shoe, and there should be no pressure -whatever on the heels.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus82"> -<img src="images/illus82.jpg" width="400" height="375" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 11. <span class="smcap">Fitting a Shoe to Remove Pressure from the Heel.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_457"></a>[457]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus83"> -<img src="images/illus83.jpg" width="400" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 12. <span class="smcap">Contracted.</span> <span class="smcap">Natural.</span></p> -<p class="caption">No. 13. <span class="smcap">Old Style Paring out the Foot.</span> <span class="smcap">New Style.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_458"></a>[458]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus84"> -<img src="images/illus84.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 14. <span class="smcap">Contracted Foot after Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_459"></a>[459]</span></p> - -<h3><i>CORNS.</i></h3> - -<p>The pressure of the bor on one side of the -seat of the disease, and of the horny substance -of a contracted heel on the other side, added to -a tight shoe, causes inflammation, which, when it -becomes chronic, is styled a <i>corn</i>.</p> - -<p>A corn may be detected by paring the foot -close. It is not necessary, as recommended by -some authorities, to use pincers, squeezing the -hoof all around to find the corn, thereby giving -the horse unnecessary pain. They are to be -found only in the heel, and do not result from -bruises, but from pressure.</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—The shoe having been removed, -the inside of the hoof should be pared out -thoroughly all around, and if a long hoof, it -should be shortened. If the corn is visible, the -heel should be pared down and the bors weakened, -opening the heel as far back as possible (see -Plate No. 11), and fitting an open shoe, so as to -throw the pressure off the heel. The pressure<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_460"></a>[460]</span> -having been removed, the corn will disappear, or -grow down in the quarter, in which case the -farrier should fit a bor shoe, so as to throw the -weight off the diseased heel and partly on the -frog, the elastic surface of which will prevent -severe pressure.</p> - -<p>If a horse has a long foot, the pressure is more -on the corns, because his foot is in front of him, -and an over-proportion of his weight comes on -his heels. A horse with a long foot is like a man -with a thick sole to his boot and no heels, for -with his heels he strikes the ground first.</p> - -<p>Every horse should have his feet well <i>under</i> -him, and not in <i>front</i> of him. This fact should -be taken into consideration when fitting the open -shoe.</p> - -<p>Inflammation should be reduced by placing a -swab over the coronet, and using a hot poultice of -linseed meal for the foot.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_461"></a>[461]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus85"> -<img src="images/illus85.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 15. <span class="smcap">Expanding the Foot after it has been Pared out.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_462"></a>[462]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus86"> -<img src="images/illus86.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 16. <span class="smcap">Lateral Quarter-Crack before Treatment. Contracted Foot.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_463"></a>[463]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus87"> -<img src="images/illus87.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 17. <span class="smcap">Quarter-Crack—Lateral—Under Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_464"></a>[464]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus88"> -<img src="images/illus88.jpg" width="400" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 18. <span class="smcap">Straight Quarter-Crack under Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_465"></a>[465]</span></p> - -<p>The pressure having been removed from a corn -for a fortnight, it will be observed to have a light -color, representing the color of a new corn, and -if properly treated, it will gradually disappear, -and be displaced by a healthy growth of foot.</p> - -<p>The horse should be allowed at least a month -in which to recover from his lameness; but it is -not necessary to turn him out to grass, and care -should be taken that his feet are closely attended -to, having the shoes renewed about once in a -fortnight.</p> - -<p><i>Contraction</i> is the result of neglect, want of -natural moisture, and tight shoeing. The result -is lameness, if in one foot, and if in both feet, -the loss of their free, natural use, causing short -steps and stumbling. If the inner quarter is -contracted, it is the cause, if not soon remedied, -of quarter-crack. The practice of fitting a shoe -so as to fit tighter on the inner than the outer -quarter, to prevent interfering, renders it more -liable to contraction.</p> - -<p>The want of proper moisture causes the horn -to shrink, and prevents the foot from expanding -naturally. This should be remedied by soaking -the feet, if feverish, in warm, and if healthy, in -cold water, twice a day, an hour at each time.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_466"></a>[466]</span> -This moisture should be applied at least two -hours before the horse is used. This will render -the foot elastic, and prevent abuse from traveling -over rough roads.</p> - -<p>By reference to accompanying plate, No. 12, -the difference will be observed between a natural -and a contracted foot. The quarters growing -toward each other in the contracted, cause the -coffin-bone to lose its proper shape, and forcing -the sensitive frog upwards from its proper place, -causes scratches and thrush.</p> - -<p>Treatment of contraction, briefly speaking, is -<i>expansion</i>. The foot should be thoroughly prepared -in the following manner: If the horse is -lame, the farrier should shorten the toe, lower -the foot all around, and open the heels back -until the blood is drawn. The sole of the foot -should be pared as closely as possible on each -side of the frog, in the manner shown by the -illustration on Plate No. 12, “natural foot.” The -frog should be lowered, but the side should <i>not</i> -be cut. A groove should be made with a rasp -just under and parallel with the coronet on each -side (see Plate No. 14) deep enough to draw -blood, then with a fine shoeing knife, cut little -notches down from the cornet and across the -groove at certain equal distances, as shown by -illustration No. 14, the entire length of the -groove. These notches should also be deep -enough to draw blood. This will relieve the -pressure caused by contraction from the cartilages -on both sides, and allow them to resume -their proper shape.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_467"></a>[467]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus89"> -<img src="images/illus89.jpg" width="400" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 19. <span class="smcap">Quarter-Crack, after Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_468"></a>[468]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus90"> -<img src="images/illus90.jpg" width="300" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 20. <span class="smcap">Toe-Crack, before Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_469"></a>[469]</span></p> - -<p>Having the foot ready for a shoe, a hand should -be placed on each side of the foot, pressing it -outward in the manner shown by Plate No, 15. -The shoe must be very carefully fitted, and must -have eight nail-holes, for the reason that it is -the heel nails that relieve a horse while in -contraction.</p> - -<p>The shoe should be fitted so as to project at -least a quarter of an inch on each side of the -foot, so as to see the nail-holes projecting on each -side of the outer and inner quarter. Having -this accomplished, the bearing should be equal; -the nails must be driven first toward the toe,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_470"></a>[470]</span> -then toward the heel, driving them half-way, -and using the utmost care and skill; the higher -the nails are driven the better. The shoe being -fitted so wide, there is no fear of pricking.</p> - -<p>The nails toward the heel should be driven by -alternate taps on each side, because the foot -expands on each side on account of being pared -so thin on either side of the frog, the source of -the expansion.</p> - -<p>The heel nails should relieve the wings of the -coffin-bone, which suffer most while in a state of -contraction, and allow them to come back to -their proper position.</p> - -<p>Considerable soreness will result from this -mode of treatment, which can be remedied by -using thin poultices of linseed meal, applied as -hot as possible, to be renewed at least once every -two days for the period of two weeks. The foot -should also be thoroughly soaked in a bucket of -warm water for half an hour at each renewal of -the poultice; this will remove all soreness, and -prevent the foot from shrinking when exposed -to the weather. The <i>expansion</i> treatment should<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_471"></a>[471]</span> -be continued gradually until the coffin-bone -resumes its natural shape; when this is accomplished, -the growing hoof will naturally accommodate -itself to the bone.</p> - -<p>The severe treatment recommended is necessary -only in an aggravated case causing lameness. -It can be so modified by cutting the hoof, and -expanding the foot gradually, as to allow the -horse to be used while under treatment, if he -has not been disabled.</p> - -<h3><i>QUARTER AND TOE-CRACKS.</i></h3> - -<p>Quarter-cracks are commonly found in feet of -saddle horses, and are caused by contraction and -pressure, and are also the result of a shoe being -fitted tightly on the inner quarter, to prevent -interfering, as stated in remarks on “Contraction.”</p> - -<p>Most commonly found on the inner quarter; -it commences at the coronet, extending downward, -and when it extends through to the laminæ -causes lameness, and is especially serious if the -foot is contracted, as shown by Plate No. 16.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_472"></a>[472]</span></p> - -<p>There are two kinds of quarter-cracks, as -shown by plates Nos. 17 and 18—the <i>lateral</i> and -the <i>straight</i> the latter being the most serious, if -the separation commences at the coronet.</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—If the foot is inclined to contract, -it should be prepared as for contraction; shorten -the toe and expand the foot, under the directions -already given. If lameness has resulted, a bor -shoe should be fitted, so as to remove all pressure -from half an inch on each side of the crack, -then with a rasp cut a groove under and parallel -with the coronet, extending about half an inch on -each side of the crack; with a shoeing knife cut -some small notches on each side of the groove, -after which the edges of the crack may be cut -away. (See Plates Nos. 17 and 18.) If the -foot bleeds freely so much the better. After this -is done a firing-iron should be applied so as to -cauterize the crack. This operation having been -performed, the foot should be dressed with tar -every morning for about three weeks. The -pressure being removed, the new growth will -commence at the coronet, and extend downward, -as shown in Plate No. 19, until a permanent cure -is effected.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_473"></a>[473]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus91"> -<img src="images/illus91.jpg" width="400" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 21. <span class="smcap">Toe-Crack, after Treatment.</span></p> -<p class="caption">Explaining use of “Expansion Plate.”</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_474"></a>[474]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus92"> -<img src="images/illus92.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 22. <span class="smcap">Thrush.</span></p> -<p class="caption">Before Treatment. After Treatment.</p> -<p class="caption">No. 23. <span class="smcap">Pumice Foot.</span></p> -<p class="caption">Before Treatment. After Treatment.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_475"></a>[475]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus93"> -<img src="images/illus93.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 24. <span class="smcap">Hoof-bound—Under Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_476"></a>[476]</span></p> - -<p>Toe-crack, more common to heavy and draught -horses, is caused by want of room; the space -inside the wall of the foot not being large -enough to accommodate the laminæ, it causes -inflammation, and breaks out at the weakest -point, which is the coronet, and extends downward -to the toe, causing the foot to assume the -appearance of a cloven foot. (See Plate No. 20.)</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—Shorten the toe as much as -possible, and then pare the sole of the foot until -it will yield to the pressure of the thumb. No -pressure should be allowed within half an inch -on each side of the crack on the toe, for the -reason that the pressure on the toe prevents -the coronet from uniting. Having prepared the -sole of the foot, a fine shoeing knife should be -used to remove the horn that is inclined to grow -inward on each side of the crack, after which a -groove under the coronet, extending on each side -of the crack, will be made, and the notches on -each side of the groove as already directed. A<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_477"></a>[477]</span> -firing-iron should be applied to cauterize the -crack from the coronet downward. Then the -crack should be cut away in the center, so as -to allow the use of an “expansion plate,” as -shown in Plate No. 21. This expansion plate -can be made of brass or steel. It is composed -of four pieces, as follows: A plate divided in -the center into two equal parts, A and B (see -Plate No. 21), and a thread cut in the center. -Each part is made so as to fit dove-tailed into -the crack, held in place with a screw C, and a -burr D, underneath, to prevent the screw from -pressing the laminæ of the foot. The screw, -which has considerable power as a lever, forces -the two plates apart, lifts up the wall of the -foot which is pressing each side of the crack, -and presses it outward. This being done, an -open shoe should be fitted, wider than the foot, -so as to expand it, which, together with the -notches cut in the groove under the coronet, -will cause a new and strong growth from each -side of the crack, commencing at the coronet -and extending downward.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_478"></a>[478]</span></p> - -<p>The length of time required to effect a removal -of the crack depends on the treatment -and skill of the operator. If the foot is expanded -by the plate with skill, and the nails in -the shoe driven so as to prevent the wall of the -foot from closing in on the crack, the plate may -be removed at once; otherwise it should remain -stationary, which can be done by substituting -the small screw E, which will not prevent the -horse from being used while under treatment. -The use of the expansion plate is not necessary, -unless the crack extends the whole length of -the hoof. The crack extending from the coronet, -partly down the front of the foot, should be -treated at once, removing pressure by shortening -the toe and expanding the foot, as already -instructed; then, by means of the groove and -notches, promote a new growth at the coronet.</p> - -<h3><i>THRUSH.</i></h3> - -<p>Is a disease of the frog, most common to a -foot which is hoof-bound or contracted, but all -horses’ feet are subject to it when they are neglected.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_479"></a>[479]</span> -The frog, pressed on each side by the -bors of the foot, and from the overgrowth of -the hoof, becomes inflamed, and the result is -<i>thrush</i>. (See Plate No. 22.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus94"> -<img src="images/illus94.jpg" width="400" height="250" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 25. <span class="smcap">Overgrowth of Hoof and Neglect.</span></p> -<p class="caption">After Treatment. Ground Surface before Treatment.</p> -</div> - -<p><i>Treatment if the Hoof is Hoof-bound.</i>—The -farrier, after removing the shoe, should use his -rasp, and lower the wall of the foot all around -from heel to heel; then, by the free use of the -knife, pare the foot to its natural size. Also -pare around the frog until the sole of the foot -yields to the pressure of the thumb, then open -the heels and remove the pegs that grow on -each side of the heels. All this should be done -before a knife is used on the frog. After all -pressure is removed by this paring operation, -the condition of the frog will show how it was -affected by pressure on each side.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_480"></a>[480]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus95"> -<img src="images/illus95.jpg" width="300" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 26. <span class="smcap">Overgrowth of Hoof—Front View before Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_481"></a>[481]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus96"> -<img src="images/illus96.jpg" width="300" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 27. <span class="smcap">Overgrowth of Hoof—Front View after Treatment.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_482"></a>[482]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus97"> -<img src="images/illus97.jpg" width="300" height="700" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 28. <span class="smcap">Navicula.—Enlargement of Metacarpal Bone.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_483"></a>[483]</span></p> - -<p>Next, by the use of the knife, cut a slice off -the top of the frog, and carefully clean out the -cleft, which suffers most on account of the direct -pressure of the bors on each side of the frog. -After this cleaning operation is performed, a -warm poultice of flaxseed meal should be applied -two or three times, according to the condition -of the foot. When the poultice is removed, -the foot should be washed out occasionally with -castile soap and warm water, after which a little -salt, ground into fine powder, should be forced -into the cleft, and kept in by a mixture of tar -and oakum as a dressing, after which an open -shoe should be fitted so as to expand the foot -gradually. This treatment should be pursued -until a permanent cure is effected.</p> - -<p>If the foot is in a state of contraction, it -should be expanded under the instructions<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_484"></a>[484]</span> -already given. By this expansion all pressure -is removed, and a permanent cure is easily -effected by following the instructions already -given.</p> - -<p>No liquid remedies, such as butter of antimony, -or chloride of zinc, should be used, as -they dry up the foot before the inflammation -is removed.</p> - -<p>By reference to Plate No. 22 a good idea may -be obtained of the manner of paring out a hoof -suffering from thrush.</p> - -<h3><i>PUMICE FOOT.</i></h3> - -<p>(See Plate No. 23) should always be pared out -on each side of the frog until it yields to the -pressure of the thumb. This paring should, -however, be done immediately around the frog, -leaving more than the usual ground surface (see -plate After Treatment). The toe should be -shortened as much as possible, and the heels -cut out back. If the horse is lame a bor shoe -is the best to protect the foot, with a leather<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_485"></a>[485]</span> -sole, and some spirits of tar as a moisture. This -shoe should be renewed at least once a month, -with a leather sole, until a cure is effected.</p> - -<h3><i>HOOF-BOUND.</i></h3> - -<p>(Plate No. 24.) A horse that is hoof-bound -is deprived of his free action, and resembles a -horse that is foundered.</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—The foot should be pared out -thoroughly, and on each side of the frog, until -it yields to the pressure of the thumb. Open -the heels and remove the bors that press the -frog on each side, and cause the animal much -pain.</p> - -<p>The toe should be shortened, and if the foot -is inclined to contraction, the shoe should be -fitted wider than the foot, which, if done properly, -will expand the foot (see article Contraction). -The shoe should be a good, heavy, open -one, well eased off at the heels. Having the -foot prepared, the operation should next be -performed around the coronet, as follows: If the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_486"></a>[486]</span> -cartilages are hard, as they are generally from -being pressed upwards, a groove should be -made with a rasp immediately under the coronet, -and extending all the way across from heel to -heel, deep enough to draw blood. Next, with a -fine knife cut notches across the groove at equal -distances the whole length of the groove, and -extending from the coronet downward.</p> - -<p>By this operation, illustrated on Plate No. 24, -the pressure is removed from the cartilages. -After this a poultice of linseed meal should be -applied around the coronet, which loosens all -pressure and starts a new growth.</p> - -<p>If the horse is lame from this disease the -close cutting operation should be performed -and the poultice applied one week; otherwise -the operation need not be so severe.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plates Nos. 25, 26, 27</span>—<i>Illustrations of Overgrowth -of Hoof and Neglect before and after -Treatment.</i>—The illustration, “Before Treatment,” -Plate No, 25, represents the ground surface -of a foot operated upon, and “After Treatment”<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_487"></a>[487]</span> -represents the same foot after one pound -of overgrowth had been removed from one foot. -Plates Nos. 26 and 27 show the difference between -the foot before and after treatment, and -show the importance of being careful in observing -a horse’s foot so as to prevent lameness, and -the various diseases caused by neglect.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plates Nos. 28 and 29</span>—<i>Enlargement of the -Metacarpal Bone.</i>—In a great many cases because -the enlargement interferes with the free use -of the flexor tendon, pressing it out of its proper -place. A horse with a contracted foot suffers -from this pressure when the shoe is fitted tight -and brings the heels inward. The metacarpal -bones extend from the back of the knee downward -to the pastern joint, forming, as it were, a -brace on each side. They become quite small -as they extend downward, and the enlargement -is generally found on the inside of the leg. (See -Plate No. 28.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus98"> -<img src="images/illus98.jpg" width="400" height="400" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 29. <span class="smcap">Enlargement of the Metacarpal Bone.</span></p> -<p class="caption"><i>a</i> Showing how to find the enlargement.</p> -<p class="caption"><i>b</i> Showing the manner in which the incision is made, and the -enlargement removed.</p> -</div> - -<p>The enlargement may be discovered by running -the hand downward from the knee, the -thumb on the side and the forefinger on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_488"></a>[488]</span> -other, until it is felt (see Plate 29, “A”). If -pressed and the horse yields to the pressure, it -is a sure sign that he is affected, and he should -be properly shod at once as if for contraction, or -the enlargement should be removed. To do this, -the horse should be in the following position:<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_489"></a>[489]</span> -First, with plenty of straw under him to prevent -bruising; then he should be thrown on his -side and fastened down, so as to allow the operator -to make an incision with a fine pocket knife -partly to the front and near where the enlargement -is. This operation will not interfere with -the tendons, or veins that extend upward from -the foot. The incision having been made, the -finger may be inserted, as shown in Plate No. -29, “B,” so as to raise the enlargement and -make it visible. Then, with a pair of nippers, -snap the end off with one motion. The incision -should be closed, fastened together with a needle -and silk thread; then apply a linen bandage and -over this a woolen cloth, containing a little moisture, -to prevent fever. A little sweet oil should -be applied, to keep it clean while healing. The -operation is not severe and is thoroughly effective.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_490"></a>[490]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;" id="illus99"> -<img src="images/illus99.jpg" width="300" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 30. <span class="smcap">A Foot that is Deprived of the free use of the -Back Tendons.</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_491"></a>[491]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plates Nos. 30 and 31</span> represent a foot which -has been deprived of the free use of the back -tendons, caused by a sudden jar or misstep, -causing a horse so affected to travel on his toe, -and can be remedied only by a system of expanding -the foot under the directions already -given for contraction.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus100"> -<img src="images/illus100.jpg" width="400" height="350" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 31.</p> -<p class="caption">Ossified growth of Upper and Lower Pastern Joint, also Navicular -Joint and Coffin-bone, in a foot which has been deprived of the free use of -the back Tendons. See Plate No. 30.</p> -</div> - -<p>After this a shoe should be fitted with a toe -and no heels, for by raising the toe the bearing -is thrown on the heels. If the action is heavy -on the toe, the shoe should be provided with a -steel toe-calk. This will prevent a horse from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_492"></a>[492]</span> -traveling on his toe, and such a case, if taken in -time, can be remedied, if not permanently cured, -by simply fitting a shoe so as to throw the bearing -on the heels.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus101"> -<img src="images/illus101.jpg" width="400" height="350" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 32. <span class="smcap">The Sensitive Frog.</span></p> -<p class="caption">Interior surface. Exterior surface.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plates Nos. 30 and 31</span> represent an aggravated -case, which from neglect became incurable.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plate No. 32</span> represents the exterior surface -of the sensitive frog. The great principle of -this system of paring the horse’s feet, is to remove -all pressure from the frog. It should be protected<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_493"></a>[493]</span> -from all pressure, and such diseases as thrush -and scratches may be avoided.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plate No. 33</span> gives a sectional view of all the -bones and tendons of the horse’s foot. Every -blacksmith and farrier should thoroughly understand -this and the anatomy of the horse’s foot, -in order to be able to know exactly how to treat -any disease which may be brought to their -notice.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_494"></a>[494]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;" id="illus102"> -<img src="images/illus102.jpg" width="400" height="600" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">No. 33. <span class="smcap">Section of the Pastern and other Bones, Ligaments, etc.</span></p> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p class="hanging">A—Shank-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">B—Upper and larger pastern-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">C—Sesamoid-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">D—Lower or smaller pastern-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">E—Navicular or shuttle-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">F—Coffin-bone, or bone of the foot.</p> - -<p class="hanging">G—Suspensory ligament inserted into the sesamoid-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">H—Continuation of the suspensory ligament inserted into the -smaller pastern-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">I—Small inelastic ligament lying down the sesamoid-bone to the -larger pastern-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">K—A long ligament reaching from the pastern-bone to the knee.</p> - -<p class="hanging">L—Extensor tendon inserted into both the pastern and the coffin-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">M—Tendon of the perforating flexor inserted into the coffin-bone, -after having passed over the navicular-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">N—Seat of the navicular-joint lameness.</p> - -<p class="hanging">O—Inner or sensible frog.</p> - -<p class="hanging">P—Cleft of the horny frog.</p> - -<p class="hanging">Q—A ligament uniting the navicular-bone to the smaller pastern.</p> - -<p class="hanging">R—A ligament uniting the navicular-bone to the coffin-bone.</p> - -<p class="hanging">S—Sensible sole between the coffin-bone and the horny side.</p> - -<p class="hanging">T—Horny sole.</p> - -<p class="hanging">U—Crust or wall of the foot.</p> - -<p class="hanging">V—Sensible laminæ to which the crust is attached.</p> - -<p class="hanging">W—Coronary ring of the crust.</p> - -<p class="hanging">X—The covering of the coronary ligament from which the crust is -secreted.</p> - -<p class="hanging">Z—Place of bleeding at the toe.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_495"></a>[495]</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_496"></a>[496]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="RECIPES">RECIPES.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>The following recipes have been gathered -from souses entitled to the fullest confidence, as -remedies of value to all owners of horses, and -are presented with the hope of doing good:</p> - -<h3><i>INFLUENZA.</i></h3> - -<p>For several years past a disease has been -more or less prevalent in various sections of this -country, known to the Veterinary as epidemic -catarrh or influenza. The symptoms of this -disease are so various in different animals—no -two being precisely alike—that a variety of -opinions are current concerning it and its -nature; and, as a consequence, various other -diseases are often confounded with it. The -usual or leading symptoms are a slight watery or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_497"></a>[497]</span> -mucous discharge from the nose; eyelids presenting -a reddish appearance; matter collects in -the corner of the eyes; pulse feeble; great -debility, as shown by the quick, feeble action of -the heart—a symptom rarely absent; membrane -of nose much reddened; sore throat and cough; -occasionally the feet become fevered as in -founder, causing much stiffness, and might be -easily taken for that disease.</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—This being a typhoid disease, it -requires a sustaining treatment, or success will -be very doubtful. In the early stage of this -disease, give the first two days ten drops of -tincture of aconite, or bryonia, in a little water, -every six hours; after which give a pail of water -to drink, and, once a day, 1 oz. spirits of nitre, -or 2 drams extract of belladonna; and give in -the feed, three times a day, one of the following -powders: gentian root, saltpetre, and anise seed, -of each 1 oz.; sulphate of quinine, 1 dram; -mix, and divide into eight powders. The throat -should be bathed with mustard and vinegar; or -with linseed oil, 3 oz., spirits of hartshorn, 1 oz.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_498"></a>[498]</span> -Mix together. No hay or corn should be given, -but scalded oats or wheat bran, with linseed tea, -or oatmeal gruel, should constitute the diet. I -would recommend a few carrots. But above all, -good nursing is to be desired, and by strictly -following the foregoing instructions a successful -result is probable.</p> - -<h3><i>CONDITION POWDER.</i></h3> - -<p>Fenugreek, cream of tartar, gentian, sulphur, -saltpetre, resin, black antimony, and ginger, of -each 1 oz.; cayenne ½ oz.; all finely pulverized. -Mix thoroughly. It is used for yellow water, -hide bound, colds, coughs, distemper, and all -other diseases where a condition powder is -needed. They carry off gross humors, and purify -the blood.</p> - -<p><i>Dose.</i>—In ordinary cases one tablespoonful -once a day. In extreme cases give twice daily. -This powder has never failed to give entire -satisfaction.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_499"></a>[499]</span></p> - -<h3><i>GLANDERS.</i></h3> - -<p>This is one of the most fatal diseases to which -the horse is subject. It is propagated in most -cases by contagion, the infection being disseminated -by seed from the nasal discharge, not, as -many suppose, by the breath. According to -eminent foreign authors, the disease has its -origin also in a vitiated state of the blood, and -this may result from improper treatment or -neglect of almost any disease to which he is -liable. In its early stage it appears to be only a -slight inflammation of the inner membrane of -the nose, not, however, attended with the usual -florid red characterizing inflammation, but of a -paler hue, and afterwards becoming darker. The -first marked symptom is a discharge from the -nose, scarcely to be distinguished at first from -the natural moisture, either by its color or -consistence, and generally coming from one -nostril only, and that the left one. In appearance -it is thin and transparent, closely resembling the -natural discharge, a little increased in quantity,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_500"></a>[500]</span> -and sometimes continues in this doubtful stage -for several weeks or months. Instances are -indeed known where it has existed for several -years before it became fully developed. In such -cases it is attended with no loss of appetite, no -cough, or apparent illness of any kind, with little -enlargement of the glands under the jaw, and -at the same time the horse is capable of communicating -disease.</p> - -<p>Too many of these horses, with a decided -glanderous discharge from the nose and adherent -glands under the jaw, are found on our roads, -or are employed in agriculture, which (although -they are otherwise in good health, and perform -their work well) should not be permitted; for -by such means the contagion is widely spread. -No cough accompanies real glanders in any of -its stages, except the last, which is usually soon -cut short by death.</p> - -<p>In addition to the preceding tokens for discovering -at an early period the true glanders -from other disorders, let the nostrils be closely -examined. In the real glanders, the left or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_501"></a>[501]</span> -running nostril will be found of a deeper color -than ordinary, while the other, or dry nostril, is -of a paler color, or almost white.</p> - -<p>The reader must bear in mind the varied -color of the nostril in deciding all cases of this -character. Also that in colds, etc., both nostrils -run.</p> - -<p>Before the disease finishes its course, both -sides of the nose and head become affected—the -ulcers extend down the windpipe, and fasten -upon the lungs. The virus, secreted by and discharged -from the ulcers, is absorbed and carried -through the whole system, and soon puts an end -to the creature’s miserable existence. The -best preventives of glanders are dry, clean, -well-ventilated stables, moderate exercise, green -food, when it can be procured, and roots in the -winter.</p> - -<p>The disease may be cured in its early stages, -or before ulcers are formed in the nose, or the -lumps under the jaw adhere to the bone, by -turning the animal on a dry pasture, by proper -attention to the bowels, and by use of alterative<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_502"></a>[502]</span> -medicines, to work the poisons out of the system. -Should the bowels require loosening, give the -common purge. For purifying the blood, the -condition powder is the most effectual remedy. -The owner must beware of putting the horse to -hard labor too soon, after having been turned -out as before directed, as the disease is liable to -return on subsequent confinement, even after the -running at the nose has entirely disappeared. It -is conceded by all, that when this disease is once -seated, it cannot be cured; and humanity dictates, -and economy should prompt us to terminate the -animal’s existence at once. This course has now -become an imperative duty, as the fact is established -that man is susceptible to the contagion; -and there are numerous cases on record where -those who have had the care of glandered horses -have fallen victims to this disease.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_503"></a>[503]</span></p> - -<h3><i>LOCK JAW.</i></h3> - -<p>This disease generally arises from nail wounds -in the feet, or from sharp metallic substances -taken into and wounding the stomach or intestines. -The first symptoms of the disease are -observed about the ninth or tenth day after the -injury is done, which are a straggling or stiffness -of the hind-legs, to which succeed in a few days -the following: on elevating the head, a spasmodic -motion of the membrane in the inner -corner of the eye will be observed, showing little -more than the white of the eye; the muscles of -the jaws become rigid; the tongue is swollen, -and the mouth is filled with saliva; the ears -are erect, and the nose poked out; the nostrils -expand; respiration becomes much disturbed; -and finally, the jaws become firmly set, and the -bowels constipated.</p> - -<p><i>Treatment.</i>—Tinct. of aconite, 2 drs.; tinct. -of belladonna, 2 drs.; water, ½ oz. Mix, and -give 40 drops every 4 hours on the tongue; keep -a ball of aloes in the mouth for several days.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_504"></a>[504]</span> -There is no fear of giving too much. I have -known half a pound to be given in a few days -with good success. Hydrocyandic acid, 20 drops -in a little water, and put upon the tongue every -four hours, is an excellent remedy. Foment the -jaws with bags of hops steeped in hot water, and -bathe the line of the back from the pole to the -croup with mustard and vinegar. Be careful -not to allow the animal to be unnecessarily -excited by noises and confusion about him. Go -about him quietly; keep a pail of bran slop -before him all the time. If the foot has been -injured, poultice with flaxseed meal, and keep -the wound open until a healthy action has been -established.</p> - -<h3><i>TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DISTEMPER -AND GLANDERS.</i></h3> - -<p>The discharge from the nose in Glanders will -sink in water. In Distemper it will not.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_505"></a>[505]</span></p> - -<h3><i>CHRONIC COUGH.</i></h3> - -<p>This is generally the consequence of neglected -catarrhal affections, worms, etc. For treatment, -give twice each day Barbadoes aloes, 2 oz.; pulv. -foxglove (or digitalis), 1 oz.; linseed meal, 13 oz. -Mix with molasses. Dose, 1 oz.</p> - -<p>Another remedy is, sal ammoniac, 1 oz.; -squills, pulv., ½ oz.; aloes, pulv., 1 oz.; linseed -meal, 16 oz.; mix with molasses, and divide into -four balls; to be given one each night for four -days.</p> - -<h3><i>TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATISM.</i></h3> - -<p>Poultice the feet with mustard and flaxseed -meal. Give internally of nux vomica, 1 oz.; -pulv. gentian root, 1½ oz.; pulverized ginger, 1 -oz. Mix and divide into 12 powders; give one -every night in the feed, keep the body warm, and -give no corn.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_506"></a>[506]</span></p> - -<h3><i>FOUNDER REMEDY.</i></h3> - -<p>Give from 1 to 4 ounces of saltpetre, according -to the severity of the case. For a severe -case, draw about one gallon of blood from the -neck; then drench with linseed oil, 1 quart; rub -the fore-legs with water as hot as can be borne -without scalding, continuing the washing till the -horse is perfectly limber.</p> - -<h3><i>HORSE OINTMENT.</i></h3> - -<p>Resin, 4 oz.; beeswax, 4 oz.; honey, 2 oz.; -lard, 8 oz.; melt these articles slowly, bringing -gradually to a boil; remove from the fire, and -slowly add a little less than a pint of spirits of -turpentine, stirring all the time this is being -added, and stir till cool. This is an extraordinary -ointment for bruises of the flesh, or hoof, or -broken knees, galls or bites, or when a horse is -gelded to heal and keep off flies.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_507"></a>[507]</span></p> - -<h3><i>MAGIC LINIMENT.</i></h3> - -<p>Take 2 oz. oil of spike; 2 oz. origanum; 2 oz. -hemlock; 2 oz. wormwood; 4 ounces sweet oil; -2 oz. spirits ammonia; 2 ounces gum camphor; -2 oz. spirits turpentine; 1 quart proof spirits. -Mix well and bottle for use. Cork tight. For -sprains, bruises, or lameness of any kind, this -liniment is unsurpassed. This is the same -liniment, leaving out the turpentine, which has -achieved so many wonderful cures for human -ailment.</p> - -<p>A more simple liniment can be made by putting -into spirits of turpentine all the gum -camphor it will cut. For ordinary purposes it is -fit for use; but if you wish to reduce pain, add -as much laudanum as there is turpentine.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_508"></a>[508]</span></p> - -<h3><i>FRENCH PASTE FOR BONE SPAVIN.</i></h3> - -<p>Corrosive sublimate, quicksilver, and iodine, -of each 1 oz., with sufficient lard to form a paste. -Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, and -add the sublimate, and finally add the lard, -rubbing thoroughly. Shave off the hair the -size of the bone enlargement, then grease all -around it, but not where the bone is shaved off. -This prevents the action of the medicine only -upon the spavin; rub in as much of the paste as -will lie on a five cent piece, each morning for -four mornings only, and in from six to eight -days the spavin will come out; then wash out -the wound with suds, soaking well for an hour or -two, which removes the poisonous effects of the -medicine, and facilitates the healing, which can -be done by any healing salve. I prefer the horse -ointment to any other.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_509"></a>[509]</span></p> - -<h3><i>HOW TO CLEAN AND OIL HARNESS.</i></h3> - -<p>First take the harness apart, having each strap -and piece by itself; then wash it with warm -water and Castile soap. When cleansed, black -each part with the following dye: 1 oz. extract -of logwood; 12 grains bichromate of potash—both -pounded fine; put into two quarts of boiling -rain-water, and stir till all is dissolved. -When cool, it may be used. It may be bottled -and kept for future use, if desired. It may be -applied with a shoe brush. When the dye has -struck in, you may oil each part with neatsfoot -oil, applied with a paint brush. For second -oiling, use one-third castor oil and two-thirds -neat’s-foot oil, mixed. A few hours after, wipe -clean with a woolen cloth, which gives the -harness a glossy appearance. This preparation -does not injure the leather or stitching, but -makes it soft and pliable, and obviates the necessity -of oiling as often as is necessary by the -ordinary method. When the harness is removed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_510"></a>[510]</span> -from the horse, take a woolen cloth or chamois -skin, kept for the purpose, and wipe off the dust -and all moisture from rain or perspiration, and -when the harness is nearly dry, rub the damper -parts very thoroughly with a second cloth or -skin, until they are quite soft and pliable.</p> - -<p>The bits, and plated mountings, should be -cleaned and rubbed with a slightly-oiled rag, before -the harness is finally hung in its place; the -harness should be protected from dust either by -a covering of cloth, or by hanging in a closet. -Whenever the leather becomes dry and hard, it -should be cleaned and oiled according to the -foregoing directions.</p> - -<h3><i>PHYSIC BALL.</i></h3> - -<p>Barbadoes aloes, 1 lb.; syrup buckthorn, 3 -oz.; cod-liver oil, 3 oz. Melt the whole, and stir -till cool. In winter, add a little water, make into -18 pills, and give 1 every four hours, or as much -as will move the bowels.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_511"></a>[511]</span></p> - -<h3><i>TO SCATTER POLL-EVIL.</i></h3> - -<p>Take a quantity of mandrake root, bruise and -boil it, strain and boil down until rather thick; -then form an ointment, simmering with sufficient -lard for the purpose. Anoint the swelling once -a day until cured. It has cured them after they -were broken out, by putting it in the pipes a few -times; also, anointing around the sore.</p> - -<h3><i>HEALING SALVE FOR ABRASIONS AND -CUTS.</i></h3> - -<p>Oxide of zinc, 4 drams; fresh lard, 1 oz.; -carbolic acid, 6 grains. Melt the lard, and stir -in the oxide of zinc, which must be very finely -powdered; add the carbolic acid and mix thoroughly. -Apply twice a day to the wound. This -salve is very valuable for its healing properties, -and will be found of special service, if there is -any foul discharge.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_512"></a>[512]</span></p> - -<h3><i>WASH FOR FOUL ULCERS.</i></h3> - -<p>Permanganate of potassa, 1 dram; pure water, -6 fluid ounces. Clean the sore once or twice a -day, with a quart of water, to which a large -tablespoonful of the wash has been added, using -a soft sponge.</p> - -<p>The discoloration of the solution indicates its -complete loss of power as a disinfectant.</p> - -<p>The bottle must be kept tightly corked, as -impurities in the air will, in time, impair its -value.</p> - -<h3><i>ANTISPASMODIC TINCTURE.</i></h3> - -<p class="center">(<i>For Man or Beast.</i>)</p> - -<p>Oils of cajeput, cloves, peppermint, anise, of -each 1 oz.; of alcohol, 1 quart. Mix together, -and bottle for use. Dose, for horse, 1 oz. every -15 minutes, in a little whisky and warm water, -sweetened with molasses. Continue till relieved.</p> - -<p>Dose for man, one teaspoonful.</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_513"></a>[513]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="RECORD_OF_FAST_HORSES_FOR_1875">RECORD OF FAST HORSES FOR 1875.</h2> - -</div> - -<p>The author of this work would not have the -reader imagine that he is known to the popular -world as a sporting man, but believing his book -will come into the hands of not only lovers of -the noble animal as a beast of burden, and -highly prized by the honest yeomanry of this -continent, but into the hands also of those who -admire more for qualities of speed, as exhibited -on the turf, deems it advisable to gratify the -appetite of all who appreciate fast trotting, by -devoting a corner to record the driving of all -horses having a public record of 2.30, or better. -Considerable trouble and expense has attended -the research, and it embraces a complete list of -horses that have shown on the turf since 1870, -compiled in the most accurate manner, and -alphabetically arranged.</p> - -<table summary="List of horses with a public record of 2.30 or better, and their times"> - <tr> - <td>Abdallah, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Adelaide, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ajax, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Albert, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Albion Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Alice, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_514"></a>[514]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Allie West, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Alton Boy</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" id="FNanchor_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>American Girl, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.16½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Amy, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Amy B, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Annie Collins, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Arthur, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Aurora, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Baby Boy, wh. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Badger Girl, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Barney Kelley, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bashaw, Jr.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bashaw Maid, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Basil Duke, cr. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bateman, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bay Henry, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bay Jack</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bay Sallie, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bay Whalebone, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bella, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Belle, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Belle Brasfield, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Belle Deane, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Belle of Toronto, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ben Cummings, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ben Flagler, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ben Morrill, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ben Smith, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ben Star, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Beppo, or J. W. Conley, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bertie, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Billy Hoskins, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Billy Lambertson, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Billy Platter, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Black Bird, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Black George, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Black Mack, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Black Swan, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Blanche, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bodine, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.19¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bonner, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Breeze, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bristol Bill, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bro. Jonathan, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Brown Dick, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Brown Jack, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bully Brooks, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buzz, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Byron, s. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Caledonia Chief, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>California Dexter, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Calmar, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Camors, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.19¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Capitola, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Captain, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Captain Jinks, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Carrie, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_515"></a>[515]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Castle Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.21</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Catskill Girl, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Cattaraugus Chief, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chas. E. Loew, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chas. Hinson, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Charlie Green, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Clara G., b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Clarence, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Clementine, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.21</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Colbourne, dun. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Col. Barnes, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Col. Moulton, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Col. Russell, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Col. Pike, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Comee, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Commodore, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Commonwealth, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Cozette, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Crown Prince, wh. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dan, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Daniel Boone, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dan Voorhies</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Defiance, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Defiance, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Delhi, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Denmark, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Derby, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dick Jamison, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dinah, rn. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Doble, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dolly, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Don Elipha (buckskin mustang)</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dot, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Doubtful, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Draco Prince, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dreadnaught, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Duchess, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Duke, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dutchman, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Wilson, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Lewis, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Eva, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Madden, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Wright, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Everett Ray, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Edginton</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ed. White, p. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Easton Boy, wh. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Elwood, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elmo, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fleetwood, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Wood, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.24</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Factory Girl, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Flora Bell, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Flora Bell, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Palmer, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_516"></a>[516]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fannie, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank J., dun. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Davis,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Munson,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Reeves,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fox, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fred Hooper, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fleety Golddust, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.20</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Filbert, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fanny Otis, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Falmouth Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Frank Ferguson, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Flora Shepard, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>George Miller, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gray Jack, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Glengarry, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>George Treat,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>George M. Patchen,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gray Alex, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gazelle, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.21</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Grace, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Goldsmith Maid, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.14</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>George, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Sherman, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gold Leaf, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Grant, s. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.20</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Granville, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Governor, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Howard, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Gloster, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.17</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Geo. B. Daniels, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.24</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Grafton, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Picton, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Love, s. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gray Chief, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Great Eastern, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gen. Garfield, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.21</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gray Eddy, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gov. Sprague, blk. s. (4 years, public trial, 1 mile)</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Grace Bertram, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Grand Duchess, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Henry, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.20¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hannah D., b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Harry Mitchel, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>H. C. Hill, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Honesty, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Huntress, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hattie, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hopeful, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.17¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hotspur, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hamperion, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>H. W. Genet, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Huckleberry, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Herod, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hope, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Haviland, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_517"></a>[517]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Honest Harry, m. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Honest Dutchman,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Harry Harley, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Harvest Queen, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hal. Terrel, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Idol, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Idol, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>J. N. Mansua, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe Udell, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John Stuart, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe Brown, g. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jerome, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jas. Howell, Jr.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.24</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jubilee Lambert, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Judge Fullerton, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.18</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joker, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jennie, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John H., b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jim Irving, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jack Draper, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John W. Hall, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe Green, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John T. Rich, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John C. Fero, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John Morrissey, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>J. J. Bradley, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>J. H. Burke, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>J. D. McMann, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jackson, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe, or Triumph, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John E., b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jay Gould, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.20½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>J. G. Blaine, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe Coburn,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Judge Robertson, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John T., br. g. (fraud same as Huckleberry),</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Kilburn Jim, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ki-Ki, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Kittie D., b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Kansas Chief, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Kate Campbell, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Kittie Cook, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Kate Bennett, rn. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Blanchard, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Garfield, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Hughes, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Lady Hamilton, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lydia Thompson, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Little Longfellow, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>License, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lothair, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lothair, br. g. (fraud same as Small Hope),</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Little Gipsy, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lew Ives, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Mack, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_518"></a>[518]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Logan, s. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lucille Golddust, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.19½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Dahlman, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lizzie Keller, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Thompson,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Star, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Little Mack, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Griswold, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lewinski, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Emma, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Star,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Little Fred, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Blanche, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Turpin, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lottery, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lulu, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.14¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Williams, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Banker, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Snell, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lida Picton, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Stout, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lew Scott, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Elgin, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lillie Shields, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Byron, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady H., g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Maud, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.18¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lady Ross, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Major Edsall, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Major Allen, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mat. Smith, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mountain Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.20¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Myron Perry, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mollie Morris, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mila Caldwell, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mack, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mary A. Whitney, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May Howard, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Molsey, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mary Davis, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Music, ch. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mollie, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mystic, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maud, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Medoc, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mambrino Star, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mambrino Gift, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.20</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Monarch, Jr., rn. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Monroe, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mac, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Magnolia, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Major Root, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Major King, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May Queen, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.20</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May Bird, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maggie Briggs, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Moscow, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mazoumanie, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mohawk, Jr., b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Mary, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Newberlin Girl, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>None Such, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_519"></a>[519]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Natchez, blk. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nellie Gray,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.24</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nellie Irwin, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nick, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nettie, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.18</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nino, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ned Forrest, blk g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nellie, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nellie Walton, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>North Star Mambrino,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nettie Burlew, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nerea, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ned Wallace, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ohio Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Observer, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Orient, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.24</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Oakland Maid, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Occident, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.16¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Prince Allen, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Patchen Chief, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pownall Mare, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pat Ring,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Polly, or Tackney</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Phil Sheridan, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pilot Temple, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Parkis’ Abdallah, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Prince, rn. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Preston, dun. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Planter,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Prospero,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pumpkin,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Queen of the West,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Royal John, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Red Dick, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rolla Golddust, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rhode Island, br. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>Ripon Boy, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rosalind, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.21¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ross, sp. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rex Patchen, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Randall, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Red Cloud, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.18</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rattler, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Royal George, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rosewood, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rarus, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.20¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rival, g. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rutledge, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>St. Elmo, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sleepy John, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Shakespeare, ch. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Susie Parker, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sentinel, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Skinkel’s Hambletonian, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>St. James, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sam Purdy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Spotted Colt, sp. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Stump Puller, or Columbia Chief, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Shepard Knapp, Jr., b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_520"></a>[520]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sisson Girl, blk. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Star, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snowball, wh. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Scotland Maid, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Silver Side, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Stewart Maloney, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Surprise, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sam West, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Star of the West, bk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Smuggler, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.20</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Susie, s. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.25</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sleepy Tom, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Simon, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snowflake, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sir Wm. Wallace, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Swallow, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sea Foam, g. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sunbeam, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>San Bruno, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Silas Rich, s. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sconchin,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.25¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sensation,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sorrel Frank,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sucker State,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>St. Julien, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sciota Belle, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tennessee, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tanner Boy, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Twilight, wh. m.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Wonder, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Hendricks,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Thos. L. Young, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.19½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Keeler, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.26</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Thos. Jefferson, blk. s.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Britton, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Walter, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Moore, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>T. A., b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tom Brown, s. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Unknown, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.23</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Viola, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.28</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Vanity Fair, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.24¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Western, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Western Girl, b. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.27</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>W. B. Whitman, or Billy Barr,</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>W. K. Thomas, g. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>W. H. Allen, b. s.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Winthrop Morrill, Jr.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.28¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>White Cloud, wh. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.27½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Whitestockings,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Westfield, ch. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wild Oats, br. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.29¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wellesley Boy, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.26¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Whalebone, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Young Bruno, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.22¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>York State, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr">2.23¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Young Rattler,</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Young Magna, b. g.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.29</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Young Grafton, ch. h.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Zephyr, br. m.</td> - <td class="tdr"><span class="frac">2.30</span></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="footnotes"> -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> Dead.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_521"></a>[521]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="RULES_AND_REGULATIONS">RULES AND REGULATIONS<br /> -ADOPTED BY THE<br /> -NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE AMERICAN TROTTING TURF.</h2> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 1.</span>—<i>Mandate.</i>—All trotting and pacing engagements and performances -over the several courses which are, or shall be represented by membership in the -“<span class="smcap">National Association for the Promotion of the Interests of the American -Trotting Turf</span>,” and each and every person who shall in any way be concerned or -employed therein, as well as all associations and proprietors themselves who are or -shall become members of said National Association, shall be governed by the following -rules from and after February 4th, 1874. [See also Articles 12 and 13 of By-Laws.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 2.</span>—<i>Entries.</i>—All entries for premiums must be made under cover, enclosing -the entrance money for purses and forfeits in sweepstakes, and sealed and addressed -to or deposited with the Secretary, or other person authorized to receive the same, at -such time and place as shall have been prescribed.</p> - -<p>Notices by telegraph of intention to enter shall be received up to the hour advertised -for closing, and all such entries shall be eligible, provided the entrance fee specified -shall be paid in due course, by mail or otherwise. [See also Art. 17 of By-Laws.]</p> - -<p>It shall be the duty of the Secretary, or other person authorized, to prepare the -list of entries for publication, comprising all information necessary for the enlightenment -of the general public and parties to the race; and all entries as aforesaid shall -be opened and announced at a public meeting, of which reasonable notice by advertisement -or otherwise shall be given to the parties in interest.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 3.</span>—<i>Entrance Fee.</i>—The entrance fee shall be 10 per cent. of the purse, -unless otherwise specified; and any person failing to pay his entrance dues may, -together with his horse or horses, be suspended until they are paid in full, which shall -be with an addition of 10 per cent. penalty and interest at 7 per cent. per annum -until paid—the penalty to go to the National Association. <i>Provided</i>, that no such -suspension imposed after April 1, 1874, shall be lawful unless imposed within sixty -days from the close of the meeting; <i>and further provided</i>, that any entry which -shall be accepted upon conditions differing from those applied by the terms of the -race to other entries in the same class shall be regarded a “conditional entry,” and -as such shall be void. And any associate member who shall accept any such conditional -entry, shall, upon satisfactory evidence produced to the Board of Appeals, be<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_522"></a>[522]</span> -held to forfeit to the National Association 20 per cent. of the amount of the purse -in which such conditional entry has been accepted.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 4.</span>—<i>How Many to Enter.</i>—In all purses three or more entries are required, -and two to start, unless otherwise specified.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 5.</span>—<i>Horses to be Eligible when Entries Close.</i>—A horse shall not be eligible -to start in any race that has beaten the time advertised prior to the closing of the -entries for the race in which he is entered, unless otherwise specified in the published -conditions.</p> - -<p>Horses shall not be eligible if the time specified has been beaten by them at a -greater distance; that is, a horse having made two miles in five minutes is eligible -for a 2:30 race, but not eligible for a race limited to horses of a slower class than that.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 6.</span>—<i>Description and Name of each Horse Required.</i>—An accurate and -satisfactory description of each entry will be required, and shall be in the following -form, to wit:</p> - -<p><i>Color.</i>—The color and marks shall be accurately given.</p> - -<p><i>Sex.</i>—It shall be distinctly stated whether the entry be a stallion, mare, or gelding, -and the names of the sire and dam shall be given in all cases (and when unknown -shall be so stated in the entry), under penalty of $25 fine for each omission. And -the pedigree so given shall be published by the associate member with the advertisement -of entries.</p> - -<p><i>Name of Horse.</i>—Every horse shall be named, and the name correctly and plainly -written in the entry; and after trotting in a public race such name shall not be -changed, except by permission of the Board of Appeals, and upon payment of a -recording fee of $10, the fee to go to the National Association; for each violation of -this requirement a fine of $100 shall be imposed, together with suspension or expulsion; -and if the horse has ever trotted in a public race the last name under which he -or she trotted shall be given with the entry; and if the name has been changed -within two years, each name he or she has borne during that time must be given; -and if any horse without a name has ever trotted in a public race, mention must be -made in the entry of a sufficient number of his or her most recent performances, to -enable interested parties to identify the animal; <i>provided</i>, that it shall not be necessary -to furnish any one association or proprietor with the same record the second -time.</p> - -<p>In entries and nominations hereafter made, the words “no name” shall not be -received as a name; neither shall such descriptive words as “bay horse,” “gray -mare,” &c., be allowed as names, under penalty of a fine not to exceed the entrance -fee, to be imposed on the member who violates this restriction.</p> - -<p>A horse having once been named, shall not again start in a race on any course in -the United States or Canada without a name, nor under a different name, unless the -foregoing requirements have been complied with.</p> - -<p><i>Double Teams.</i>—In all double-team races the entry must contain the name and -description of each horse, in the manner provided for entry of single horses.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_523"></a>[523]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 7.</span>—<i>Name and Address.</i>—The residence and post-office address, in full, of -the person or persons in whose name an entry is made, and if he or they be not the -owner, then that of the owner or owners also must accompany each nomination.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 8.</span>—<i>Entries that Cannot Start.</i>—As many horses may be entered by one -party, or as many horses trained in the same stable as may be desired, but only one -that has been owned or controlled in whole or in part by the same person or persons, -or trained in the same stable within ten days preceding the race, can start in any -race of heats.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 9.</span>—<i>No purse for a “Walk Over.”</i>—No purse will be awarded for a “walk -over,” but in cases where only one of the horses entered for any premium shall -appear on the course, he shall be entitled to his own entrance money and to one-half -of the entrance money received from all other horses entered for said premium.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 10.</span>—<i>In Case of Death, Engagements Void.</i>—All engagements, including -obligations for entrance fees, shall be void upon the decease of either party or horse, -so far as they shall affect the deceased party or horse; but forfeits, also matches -made play or pay, shall not be affected by the death of a horse.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 11.</span>—<i>Match Races.</i>—In all match races these rules shall govern, unless the -contrary be expressly stipulated and assented to by the club, association, or proprietor -of the course over which the race is to come off.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 12.</span>—<i>When Matches Become Play or Pay.</i>—In all matches made to come -off over any of the associate courses, the parties shall place the amount of the match -in the hands of the stakeholder one day before the event (omitting Sunday) is to -come off, at such time and place as the club, association, or proprietor, upon application -may determine, and the race shall then become play or pay.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 13.</span>—<i>Purse or Stakes Wrongfully Obtained.</i>—A person obtaining a purse -or stake through fraud or error shall return it to the Treasurer if demanded within -one year, or be punished as follows: He, together with the parties implicated in -the wrong, and the horse or horses, shall be expelled until such demand is complied -with, and such stake or purse shall be awarded to the party justly entitled to the -same.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 14.</span>—<i>Fraudulent Entries, or Meddling with Horses.</i>—Any person found -guilty of dosing or tampering with any horse, or of making a fraudulent entry of -any horse, or of disguising a horse with intent to conceal his identity, or being in -any way concerned in such a transaction, shall be expelled.</p> - -<p>Any horse that shall have been painted or disguised, to represent another or a -different horse, or shall have been entered in a purse in which he does not belong, -shall forfeit the entrance money and be expelled.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 15.</span>—<i>Reward.</i>—A reward of $50 will be paid to the person who shall first -give information leading to the detection and conviction of any fraudulent entry and -the parties thereto, to be paid out of the funds of the National Association for the -Promotion of the Interests of the American Trotting Turf, by the Treasurer, upon -the decision and order of the Board of Appeals; <i>provided</i>, that this shall not be -construed to extend to courses outside of this Association.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_524"></a>[524]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 16.</span>—<i>Protests.</i>—Protests maybe made verbally before or during a race, and -shall be reduced to writing, and shall contain at least one specific charge, and, when -required, a statement of the nature of the evidence upon which they are based, and -they shall be filed with the Judges, Association, or proprietor before the close of the -meeting.</p> - -<p>The Judges shall in every case of protest demand that the rider or driver, and the -owner or owners, if present, shall immediately testify under oath, in the manner -hereinafter provided; and in case of their refusal to do so, the horse shall not be -allowed thereupon to start or continue in that race, but shall be considered and -declared ruled out, with forfeit of entrance money.</p> - -<p>But if the parties do comply, and take the oath as herein required, unless the -Judges find conclusive evidence to warrant excluding the horse, they shall allow him -to start or continue in the race under protest, and the premium, if any is won by that -horse, shall be retained a sufficient length of time (say three weeks) to allow the parties -interested a chance to sustain the allegations of the protest, or to furnish information -which shall warrant an investigation of the matter by the associate member, -or the Board of Appeals, and all outside bets on such horse shall be held in abeyance -pending the decision of such protest; <i>provided</i>, that where no action as aforesaid -has been taken to sustain a protest, during three weeks, the associate member shall -proceed as if such protest had not been made.</p> - -<p>In any heat which such protested horse shall win, the Judges shall waive the application -of a distance as to all other horses, except for “fouls” defined in Rule 48.</p> - -<p>When a protest is presented before or during a race, and the parties refuse to make -the prescribed oath, if the Judges believe the refusal is designed to favor a fraud, -they may require the horse under protest to start or continue in the race.</p> - -<p>Any person found guilty of protesting a horse falsely and without cause, or merely -with intent to embarrass a race, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $100, or by -suspension not to exceed one year, or by expulsion.</p> - -<p>When a protest has been duly made, or any information lodged with the Judges in -support of a protest, alleging an improper entry or any act prohibited or punishable -under these rules, the same shall not be withdrawn or surrendered before the expiration -of three weeks, without the approbation of the association or proprietor of the -course upon which such protest or information was produced; and if any association -or proprietor shall permit such a withdrawal of protest or information, with a corrupt -motive to favor any party who shall be affected by the same, the association or proprietor -so permitting, if convicted thereof by the Board of Appeals, shall be expelled -from all connection with the National Association.</p> - -<p>Associations or proprietors shall be warranted in retaining the premium of any -horse, during the time herein mentioned, without any formal protest, if before it is -paid they shall receive information in their judgment tending to establish fraud.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_525"></a>[525]</span></p> - -<p>The oath required in answer to protest shall be in the following form, to wit:</p> - -<p>I ________ of ________ in the County of ________ -State of ________ on oath depose and say that I am the ________ -of the ________ called ________ the same entered in a purse for -horses that have never trotted better than ________ minutes and ________ -seconds, to be trotted this day on this course, and the same that has been protested, -and to which protest this affidavit is in answer, hereby declare and affirm that to the -best of my knowledge and belief said before-mentioned horse is eligible to start or -compete in the race aforesaid; and that I fully believe all the provisions and conditions -required in the rules and regulations for the government or trials of speed over -this course were fully and honestly complied with in making the entry aforesaid.</p> - -<p>Given under my hand, at ________ this ________ day of ________ -A. D. 187__.</p> - -<p class="right">________________</p> - -<p>Subscribed and sworn to before me, this ________ day of ________ -A. D. 187__.</p> - -<p class="right">________________<br /> -<i>Justice of the Peace.</i></p> - -<p>[<span class="smcap">Note.</span>—In the absence of a Justice of the Peace, if this oath be administered by -an officer of the association, or one of the Judges of the race, it will be considered -sufficient for the purposes of the National Association.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 17.</span>—<i>When Horses Shall not be Drawn.</i>—No horse shall be drawn except -by permission of the Judges of the race, under penalty of being expelled, unless at -or before seven o’clock <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> of the day preceding the race (omitting Sunday), the -proper party shall have lodged with the President, Secretary, or proprietor of the -course, a written notice of his intention not to start, after which notice the horse so -drawn shall be ineligible to start in the race.</p> - -<p>Parties having two or more entries in one race shall elect which they will not start, -and notify their decision at the same time, in the same manner, and under the same -penalty as provided above.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 18.</span>—<i>Power of Postponement.</i>—In case of unfavorable weather, or other unavoidable -cause, each association or proprietor shall have power to postpone to the -next fair day and good track (omitting Sunday), all purses or sweepstakes, or any race -to which they have contributed money, upon giving notice thereof; and they may -exercise this power before or after the race has commenced. [See also Rule 19.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 19.</span>—<i>No Trotting After Dark.</i>—No heat shall be trotted when it is so dark -that the horses cannot be plainly seen by the Judges from the stand, but all such -races shall be continued by the Judges to the next fair day (omitting Sunday), at -such hour as they shall designate.</p> - -<p>In all matches and stakes, the above rule shall govern, unless otherwise especially -agreed between the parties and the association or proprietors.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_526"></a>[526]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 20.</span>—<i>Weights and Weighing.</i>—Every horse starting for purse, sweepstake, -or match, in any trotting or pacing race, shall carry, if to wagon or sulky, 150 lbs., -exclusive of harness: and if under the saddle, 145 lbs., the saddle and whip only to be -weighed with the rider.</p> - -<p>Riders and drivers shall weigh in the presence of one or more of the Judges previous -to starting for any race, and after each heat shall come to the starting stand, and -not dismount or leave their vehicles without permission of the Judges, and those who -are deficient in bodily weight shall be re-weighed after each heat. Any rider or -driver not bringing in his required weight shall be distanced, unless such decision -shall be deemed to favor a fraud. But a rider or driver thrown or taken by force from -his horse or vehicle, after having passed the winning-post, shall not be considered as -having dismounted without permission of the Judges, and if disabled may be carried -to the Judges’ stand to be weighed, and the Judges may take the circumstances into -consideration and decide accordingly. And the riders or drivers who shall carry -during the heat and bring home with them the weights which have been approved or -announced correct and proper by the Judges, shall be subject to no penalty for light -weight in that heat; provided the Judges are satisfied the mistake or fault was their -own, and that there has been no deception on the part of the rider or driver who shall -be deficient in weight; but all parties shall thereafter carry the required weight.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 21.</span>—<i>Handicaps and Miscellaneous Weights.</i>—In matches or handicaps, -where extra or lesser weights are to be carried, the Judges shall carefully examine and -ascertain before starting, whether the riders, drivers or vehicles are of such weights as -have been agreed upon or required by the match or handicap, and thereafter the -riders and drivers shall be subject to the same penalties and conditions as if they -were to carry the weights prescribed by the rules.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 22.</span>—<i>When Riders and Drivers are Overweight.</i>—If the bodily weight of -any rider or driver shall be found to exceed that which is prescribed in the rules, or -that which is required by the conditions of the race, and the overweight shall exceed -twenty pounds, it shall be announced from the stand before the heat; and the -judges shall have power, if in their belief such extra weight was imposed on the horse -for an improper or fraudulent purpose, to substitute another rider or driver of suitable -weight; and if they believe the horse has been prejudiced in the race by such overweight, -he shall not be allowed to start again or continue in the race, and all outside -bets on such horse shall be declared off. [See also Rule 28.]</p> - -<p>A horse prevented by this rule from continuing in the race shall not be distanced, -but <i>ruled out</i>.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 23.</span>—<i>Length of Whips.</i>—Riders and drivers will be allowed whips not to -exceed the following lengths: For saddle horses, 2 ft. 10 in,; sulkies, 4 ft. 8 in.; wagons, -5 ft. 10 in.; double teams, 8 ft. 6 in.; tandem teams and four-in-hand, unlimited: -snappers, not longer than three inches, will be allowed in addition to the -foregoing measurement.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 24.</span>—<i>Judges’ Stand.</i>—None but the Judges of the race in progress, and -their assistants, shall be allowed in the Judges’ stand during the pendency of a heat, -except members of the Board of Appeals.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_527"></a>[527]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 25.</span>—<i>Selection of Judges.</i>—[See also Art. 13 of By-Laws.] In every exhibition -or race, over any course represented in the National Association, each course for -itself, through the proprietor or association controlling the same, shall choose or -authorize the selection of three (3) competent Judges, for the day or race, who shall -understand the rules of the said National Association, and shall rigidly enforce the -same; and all their decisions shall be subject to and in conformity with said rules.</p> - -<p>Any person having any interest in, or any bet dependent upon the result of a race, -or having any interest in either of the horses engaged therein, shall thereby be disqualified -and restricted from acting as a Judge in that race. And if any person who -is thus disqualified shall intentionally and deceptively violate this restriction, he -shall, upon conviction thereof by the Board of Appeals, be adjudged guilty of a dishonorable -act, for which he shall be expelled from every course represented in said -National Association.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 26.</span>—<i>Authority of Judges.</i>—The Judges of the day or race shall have -authority, while presiding, to appoint distance and patrol judges and timers; to inflict -fines and penalties, as prescribed by these rules; to determine all questions of fact -relating to the race over which they preside; to decide respecting any matters of -difference between parties to the race, or any contingent matter which shall arise, -such as are not otherwise provided for in these rules; but all their decisions shall be in -strict conformity with the rules, or with the principles thereof. They shall have -control over the horses about to start, and the riders or drivers and assistants of the -horses, and, in the absence of other provision in these rules, they shall have authority -to punish by a fine not exceeding $100, or by suspension or expulsion, any such person -who shall fail to obey their orders or the rules.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 27.</span>—<i>Distance and Patrol Judges.</i>—In all races of heats there shall be a -Distance Judge appointed by the Judges of the race or by those in authority, who -shall remain in the distance stand during the heats, and immediately after each heat -shall repair to the Judges’ stand and report to the Judges the horse or horses that -are distanced, and all foul or improper conduct, if any has occurred under his -observation.</p> - -<p>Patrol Judges may be similarly appointed, and it shall be their duty to repair in -like manner to the Judges’ stand, and report all foul or improper conduct, if any has -occurred under their observation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 28.</span>—<i>Powers and Duties of Judges.</i>—The Judges shall be in the stand -fifteen minutes before the time for starting the race; they shall weigh the riders or -drivers, and determine the positions of the horses, and inform each rider or driver of -his place, before starting; they may require the riders and drivers to be properly -dressed; they shall be prepared to take the time of each heat in the race, and they -may appoint some suitable person or persons to assist them in that respect, and the -time so taken shall be recorded and announced in conformity with these rules. [See -also Rules 39 and 40, and Art. 13 of By-Laws.]</p> - -<p>The Judges shall ring the bell, or give other notice, ten minutes previous to the -time announced for the race to come off, which shall be notice to all parties to prepare -for the race at the appointed time, when all the horses must appear at the stand,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_528"></a>[528]</span> -ready for the race, and any rider or driver failing to obey this summons may be punished -by a fine not exceeding $100, or his horse may be ruled out by the Judges and -considered drawn; but in all stakes and matches a failure to appear promptly at the -appointed time shall render the delinquent party liable to forfeit.</p> - -<p>The result of a heat shall not be announced until the Judges are satisfied as to -the weights of the riders or drivers, and sufficient time has elapsed to receive the -reports of the Distance and Patrol Judges.</p> - -<p>The Judges shall not notice or consider complaints of foul from any person or persons -except the Distance and Patrol Judges appointed by themselves or by those in -authority, and from owners, riders, or drivers in the race.</p> - -<p>If the Judges believe that a horse is being or has been “pulled,” or has been ridden -or driven in other respects improperly, with a design to prevent his winning a heat -which he was evidently able to win, and that such act was done on the part of the -rider or driver for the purpose of throwing the race, or to perpetrate or aid a fraud, -they may declare that heat void, and they shall have power to substitute a competent -and reliable rider or driver for the remainder of the race, who shall be paid a -reasonable compensation for his services, but not to exceed $50; and any professional -rider or driver who, without good and sufficient reason, refuses to be so substituted, -may be fined, suspended, or expelled, by order of the Judges and upon approval of -the Board of Appeals; and if the result and circumstances of the race shall confirm -their belief, the rider or driver so removed shall be expelled by the Judges. And at -the close of the race, if they are warranted under the foregoing circumstances in -deciding that such improper conduct has changed the result of the race to the prejudice -of innocent parties, they shall declare all outside bets “off,” and if the owner -or person or persons controlling the offending horse shall be a party or parties to such -fraud, he or they, together with the horse, shall be punished by expulsion. [See also -Rules 22 and 48.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 29.</span>—<i>Starting and Keeping Positions.</i>—No rider or driver shall cause unnecessary -delay after the horses are called up, either by neglecting to prepare for -the race in time, or by failing to come for the word, or otherwise; and in scoring, if -the word is not given, all the horses in the race shall immediately turn, at the tap -of the bell or other signal given, and jog back for a fresh start. But there shall be -no recall after the starting word or signal has been given. <i>Provided, however</i>, that -if the Judges shall through any error give signal of recall, <i>after having given the -word</i>, <span class="smcap">Distance</span> shall be waived in that heat, except for foul riding or driving.</p> - -<p>When the Judges are prevented from giving a fair start by a horse or horses persistently -scoring ahead of others, or being refractory, or from any other fault of -either horse, rider, or driver, it shall be their duty, after three scorings, to select one -of the contending horses, of average speed compared with the others, and no driver -shall come up in advance of said horse before crossing the score.</p> - -<p>No driver shall be allowed to sponge out his horse or horses oftener than once in -five times scoring.</p> - -<p>If these requirements are not complied with on the part of any rider or driver, the -Judges may not only start the race, or give the word without regard to the absence -or position of the offending party or parties, but the offender may be punished by a -fine not exceeding $100, or by suspension not to exceed one year.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_529"></a>[529]</span></p> - -<p>In all cases, the starting word or signal shall be given from the Judges’ stand, and -in no instance shall a standing start be given.</p> - -<p>When, through any fault of either horse, rider, or driver, the Judges are prevented -from giving a fair and prompt start, they shall warn the faulty party of the penalties -to which he is subject, and if such warning is not heeded, they shall rigidly enforce -said penalties.</p> - -<p>The horse winning a heat shall take the pole (or inside position) the succeeding -heat, and all others shall take their positions in the order assigned them in judging -the last heat. When two or more horses shall make a dead heat, the horses shall -start for the succeeding heat in the same positions they occupied at the finish of the -dead heat.</p> - -<p>In coming out on the homestretch the foremost horse or horses shall keep the positions -first selected, or be liable to be distanced; and the hindmost horse or horses, -when there is sufficient room to pass on the inside or anywhere on the homestretch, -without interfering with others, shall be allowed to do so, and any party interfering -to prevent him or them shall be distanced.</p> - -<p>If a horse, in attempting to pass another on the homestretch, should at any time -cross or swerve, so as to impede the progress of a horse behind him, he shall not be -entitled to win that heat.</p> - -<p>Although a leading horse is entitled to any part of the track, except after selecting -his position on the homestretch, he shall not change from the right to the left, or -from the inner to the outer side of the track, during any part of the race, when -another horse is so near him that in altering his position he compels the horse behind -him to shorten his stride, or causes the rider or driver of such other horse to pull him -out of his stride; neither shall any horse, rider, or driver, cross, jostle, or strike another -horse, rider, or driver, nor swerve or do any other thing that impedes the progress of -another horse; nor shall any horse, in passing a leading horse, take the track of the -other horse so soon after getting the lead as to cause the horse passed to shorten his -stride.</p> - -<p>In any heat wherein there shall be a violation of any of these restrictions, the -offending horse shall not be entitled to win the heat, and he shall be placed behind -all other horses in that heat. And if the impropriety was intentional on the part of -the rider or driver, the offending horse may be distanced, and the rider or driver shall -be suspended or expelled. [See also Rule 48.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 30.</span>—<i>Horses Breaking.</i>—When any horse or horses break from their gait in -trotting or pacing, their riders or drivers shall at once pull them to the gait in which -they were to go the race, and any party failing to comply with this requirement, if he -come out ahead, shall lose the heat, and the next best horse shall win the heat; and -whether such breaking horse come out ahead or not, all other horses shall be placed -ahead of him in that heat, and the Judges shall have discretionary power to distance -the offending horse or horses, and the rider or driver may be punished by a fine not -to exceed $100, or by suspension not exceeding one year.</p> - -<p>Should the rider or driver comply with this requirement, and the horse should gain -by a break, twice the distance so gained shall be taken from him at the coming out; -but this provision must not be so construed as to shield any trotting or pacing horse -from punishment for running.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_530"></a>[530]</span></p> - -<p>In case of any horse (in a trotting race) repeatedly breaking, or running, or pacing, -while another horse is trotting, the Judges shall punish the horse so breaking, running, -or pacing, by placing him last in the heat, or by distancing him.</p> - -<p>A horse breaking at or near the score shall be subject to the same penalty as if he -broke on any other part of the track.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 31.</span>—<i>Relative to Heats and Horses Eligible to Start.</i>—In heats, one, two, -three, or four miles, a horse not winning one heat in three, shall not start for a fourth, -unless such horse shall have made a dead heat. In heats best three in five, a horse -not winning a heat in the first five shall not start for a sixth, unless said horse shall -have made a dead heat. But where ten or more horses start in a race, every horse -not distanced shall have the right to compete until the race is completed—subject, -however, to all other penalties in these rules.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 32.</span>—<i>Dead Heats.</i>—A dead heat shall be counted in the race, and shall be -considered a heat which is undecided only as between the horses making it, and it -shall be considered a heat that is lost by all the other horses contending therein; -and the time made in a dead heat shall constitute a record for each horse making -such dead heat.</p> - -<p>Whenever each of the horses making a dead heat would have been entitled to terminate -the race had he won said dead heat, they only shall start again; and, in that -case, each of the horses thus prevented from starting shall retain his position in the -award of premiums as if said dead heat had been decided in favor of one of the -horses which made the same a “dead heat.”</p> - -<p>A horse prevented from starting by this rule shall not be distanced, but ruled out.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 33.</span>—<i>Time Between Heats.</i>—The time between heats shall be twenty minutes -for mile heats; and for mile heats best three in five, twenty-five minutes; and -for two-mile heats, thirty minutes; for three-mile heats, thirty-five minutes; and -should there be a race of four-mile heats, the time shall be forty minutes.</p> - -<p>After the first heat the horses shall be called five minutes prior to the time of -starting.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 34.</span>—<i>Time Allowed in Case of Accidents.</i>—In case of accidents, ten minutes -shall be allowed; but the Judges may allow more time when deemed necessary -and proper.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 35.</span>—<i>Collision and Break-Down.</i>—In case of collision and break-down, the -party causing the same, whether willfully or otherwise, may be distanced; and if the -Judges find the collision was intentional or to aid fraud, the driver in fault shall be -forthwith suspended or expelled, and his horse shall be distanced; but, if necessary -to defeat fraud, the Judges may direct the offending horse to start again.</p> - -<p>No horse but the offending one shall be distanced in such a heat, except for foul -driving.</p> - -<p>The Judges in a concluding heat, finding that a collision involved a fraudulent -object, may declare that heat void. [See also Rule 48.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 36.</span>—<i>Placing Horses.</i>—A horse must win a majority of the heats which are -required by the conditions of the race to be entitled to the purse or stake; but if a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_531"></a>[531]</span> -horse shall have distanced all competitors in one heat, the race will then be concluded, -and such horse shall receive the entire purse and stakes contended for.</p> - -<p>When more than one horse remains in the race entitled to be placed at the finish -of the last heat, the second best horse shall receive the second premium, if there be -any; and if there be any third or fourth premium, etc., for which no horse has won -and maintained a specific place, the same shall go to the winner; <i>provided</i>, that the -number of premiums awarded shall not exceed the number of horses which started -in the race.</p> - -<p>The foregoing provisions shall always apply, in such cases, unless otherwise stated -in the published conditions of the race.</p> - -<p>In deciding the rank of horses other than the winner, as to second, third, and -fourth places, etc., to be assigned among such as remain in the race entitled to be -placed at the conclusion of the last heat thereof, the several positions which have -been assigned to each horse so contending shall be considered as to every heat in the -race—that is, horses having won two heats, better than those winning one; a horse -that has won a heat, better than a horse only making a dead heat; a horse winning -one or two heats and making a dead heat, better than one winning an equal number -of heats but not making a dead heat; a horse winning a heat or making a dead heat -and not distanced in the race, better than a horse that has not won a heat or made a -dead heat; a horse that has been placed “second” twice, better than a horse that -has been placed “second” only once, etc.</p> - -<p>When two or more horses shall be equal in the race at the commencement of a final -heat thereof, they shall rank as to each other as they are placed in the decision of -such final heat.</p> - -<p>In case these provisions shall not give a specific decision as to second and third -money, etc., the Judges of the race are to make the awards according to their best -judgment, but in conformity with the principles of this rule.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 37.</span>—<i>Distances.</i>—In races of mile heats, 80 yards shall be a distance. In -races of two-mile heats, 150 yards shall be a distance. In races of three-mile heats, -220 yards shall be a distance. In races of mile heats, best three in five, 100 yards -shall be a distance. But if any association or proprietor shall choose, they can provide, -in heats of not over one mile, wherein eight or more horses contend, to increase -the distance one-half, in which case such change shall be stated in the published -conditions of the race before entry.</p> - -<p>All horses whose heads have not reached the distance-stand as soon as the leading -horse arrives at the winning-post shall be declared distanced, except in cases otherwise -provided for, or the punishment of the leading horse by setting him back for -running, when it shall be left to the discretion of the Judges.</p> - -<p>A distanced horse is out of the race, and if in any heat one horse shall distance all -competitors the race will then be completed, and the winner shall be entitled to the -entire purse and stakes contended for, unless otherwise stipulated in the published -conditions of the race.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 38.</span>—<i>Rank Between Distanced Horses.</i>—Horses distanced in the first heat -of a race shall be equal, but horses that are distanced in any subsequent heat shall<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_532"></a>[532]</span> -rank as to each other in the order of the positions to which they were entitled at the -start of the heat in which they were distanced.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 39.</span>—<i>Time and its Record.</i>—In every public race the time of each heat -shall be accurately taken and placed in the record, and upon the decision of each -heat the time thereof shall be publicly announced by the Judges, except as provided -in these rules concerning those heats which are “not awarded to either of the leading -horses.”</p> - -<p>It shall be the duty of the Judges of the race to take the time as aforesaid, or to -appoint some suitable person or persons to assist them in that respect, and no <i>unofficial</i> -timing shall be announced or admitted to the record. [See also Rule 40.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 40.</span>—<i>Two Leading Horses to be Separately Timed.</i>—The two leading -horses shall be separately timed, and if the heat is awarded to either, his time only -shall be announced and be a record.</p> - -<p>In case of a dead heat, the time shall constitute a record for the horses making the -dead heat; and if for any other cause the heat is not awarded to either of the leading -horses, it shall be awarded to the next best horse, and no time shall be given out by -the Judges or recorded against either horse; and the Judges may waive the application -of the rule in regard to distance in that heat, except for foul riding or driving.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 41.</span>—<i>Suppression of Time.</i>—In any public race, if there shall be any intentional -suppression or misrepresentation in either the record or the announcement of -the time of any heat in the race, procured through any connivance, or collusive -arrangement, or understanding between the proprietor or Judges or Timers and the -owner of the winning horse or his driver or other authorized agent, it shall be deemed -fraudulent. And any horse winning a heat or making a dead heat wherein there was -such a fraudulent suppression of time, together with the parties implicated in the -fraud, shall by operation of the rules be thenceforth expelled.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 42.</span>—<i>A Public Race.</i>—Any contest for purse, premium, stake, or wager, on -any course, and in the presence of a Judge or Judges, shall constitute a public race.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 43.</span>—<i>When Time Becomes a Bar.</i>—Time made at fairs and on any track, -whether short or not, shall constitute a bar, the same as if made over a track that -was full measurement.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 44.</span>—<i>When Time shall not be a Bar.</i>—Time made under the saddle, as -well as time made when two or more horses are harnessed together, shall constitute a -record for races of the same character, but shall not be a bar for races of a different -character.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 45.</span>—<i>Complaints by Riders or Drivers.</i>—All complaints by riders or drivers, -of any foul riding or driving, or other misconduct, must be made at the termination -of the heat, and before the rider or driver dismounts or leaves his vehicle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 46.</span>—<i>Decorum.</i>—If any owner, trainer, rider, driver, or attendant of a horse, -or any other person, use improper language to the officers of the course or the Judges -in a race, or be guilty of any improper conduct, the person or persons so offending -shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $100, or by suspension or expulsion. [See -also Rule 48.]</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_533"></a>[533]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 47.</span>—<i>Loud Shouting.</i>—Any rider or driver guilty of loud shouting, or making -other improper noise, or of making improper use of the whip during the pendency of -a heat, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $25, or by suspension during the -meeting. [See also Rule 48.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 48.</span>—<i>Fouls.</i>—If any act or thing shall be done by any owner, rider, driver, or -their horse or horses, during any race or in connection therewith, which these rules -define or warrant the Judges in deciding to be fraudulent or foul, and if no special -provision is made in these rules to meet the case, the Judges shall have power to -punish the offender by fine not to exceed $100, or by suspension or expulsion. And -in any case of foul riding or driving they shall distance the offending horse, unless -they believe such a decision will favor a fraud.</p> - -<p>The term “foul” shall be construed to apply to riding or driving contrary to rule, -to any act of a fraudulent nature, and to any unprincipled conduct such as tends to -debase the character of the trotting turf in the estimation of the public. [See also -Rules 28, 29, 35, 46 and 47.]</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 49.</span>—<i>Fines.</i>—All persons who shall have been fined under these rules, unless -they pay the fines imposed in full on the day of assessment, shall be suspended until -they are so paid or deposited with the Treasurer of the National Association.</p> - -<p>All fines which shall be paid to the association or proprietor on whose grounds they -were imposed, shall by them be reported and paid to the Treasurer of said National -Association.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 50.</span>—<i>No Compromise of Penalties.</i>—In no case shall there be any compromise -in the manner of punishment prescribed in the rules, but the same shall be strictly -enforced.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 51.</span>—<i>Suspensions and Expulsions.</i>—Whenever the penalty of suspension is -prescribed in these rules, if applied to a horse, it shall be construed to mean a disqualification -during the time of suspension to enter or compete in any race to be performed -on the course of the association or proprietor; and if applied to a person, it -shall be construed to mean a conditional withholding of all right or privilege to make -an entry, or to ride, drive, train, or assist on the course and grounds of the association -or proprietor.</p> - -<p>If no limit is fixed in an order of suspension and none is defined in the rule applicable -to the case, the punishment shall be considered as limited to the season in which -the order was issued.</p> - -<p>Whenever the penalty of expulsion is prescribed in these rules, it shall be construed -to mean unconditional exclusion and disqualification from any participation in the -privileges and uses of the course and grounds of the association or proprietor.</p> - -<p>No penalty of expulsion shall be removed or modified, except by the order or upon -the approval of the Board of Appeals.</p> - -<p>Whenever either of these penalties has been imposed on any horse or person, on -the grounds of any association or proprietor holding membership in said National -Association, written or printed notice thereof shall immediately be forwarded to the -Secretary of said National Association, stating the offense and the character of punishment, -who shall at once transmit the information to each associated course or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_534"></a>[534]</span> -member; and thereupon the offender thus punished shall suffer the same penalty -and disqualification with each and every association and proprietor holding membership -in said National Association.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 52.</span>—<i>Right of Appeal.</i>—Any person who has been subjected to the penalty -of suspension, or a fine, by the decision of the Judges of a race, can appeal from such -decision to the association or proprietor upon whose grounds the penalty was imposed, -and from their decision can appeal to the Board of Appeals; <i>provided</i>, that -where the penalty was a fine, it shall have been previously paid.</p> - -<p>All decisions and rulings of the Judges of any race, and of the several associations -and proprietors belonging to said National Association, may be appealed to the Board -of Appeals, and shall be subject to review by said Board, upon facts and questions -involving the proper interpretation and application of these rules, and their decisions -shall be final; <i>provided</i>, that parties to be affected thereby, shall be notified as the -Board shall direct, of a time and place when such appeal will be acted on by the -Board.</p> - -<p><i>Provided further</i>, if the appeal relate to the decision of a race, immediate notice -shall have been given to the Judges of the race, of the intention so to appeal. Notices -of all other appeals must be given within one week from the announcement of -the decisions appealed.</p> - -<p>Any person who shall appeal from any order suspending him or his horse for non-payment -of entrance money or a fine, may deposit the amount claimed with the -Treasurer of said National Association, who may thereupon issue a certificate or -notice temporarily reinstating or relieving the party and his horse from such penalty, -subject to the final action of the Board of Appeals.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 53.</span>—<i>Age of a Horse—How Reckoned.</i>—The age of a horse shall be reckoned -from the first day of January of the year of foaling.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 54.</span>—<i>Colts and Fillies Equally Eligible to Enter.</i>—All colts and fillies shall -be eligible alike to all premiums and stakes for animals of their age, unless specially -excluded by the conditions imposed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 55.</span>—<i>A Green Horse.</i>—A green horse is one that has never trotted or paced -for premiums or money either double or single.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 56.</span>—<i>Races made and “No Hour Named.”</i>—All races shall be started at 3 -o’clock <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>, from the 1st day of April to the 15th day of September, and after that -date at 2 o’clock <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>, until the season closes, unless otherwise provided.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 57.</span>—<i>Race made and no Distance Specified.</i>—When a race is made and no -distance specified, it shall be restricted to the following distances, viz.: One mile and -repeat; mile heats, best 3 in 5; two miles and repeat, or three miles and repeat, and -may be performed in harness to wagon, or under the saddle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 58.</span>—<i>Race made to “Go as they Please.”</i>—When a race is made to go as they -please, it shall be construed that the performance shall be in harness, to wagon, or -under the saddle; but after the race is commenced no change shall be made in the -mode of going, and the race shall be deemed to have commenced when the horses -appear on the track.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_535"></a>[535]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 59.</span>—<i>Race made to go “in Harness.”</i>—When a race is made to go in harness, -it shall be construed to mean that the performance shall be to a sulky.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 60.</span>—<i>Matches made against Time.</i>—When a horse is matched against time, -it shall be proper to allow any other horse to accompany him in the performance, but -not to be harnessed with or in any way attached to him.</p> - -<p>In matches made against time, the parties making the match shall be entitled to -three trials, unless expressly stipulated to the contrary, which trials shall be had on -the same day—the time between trials to be the same as the time between heats in -similar distances.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rule 61</span>.—<i>Horses sold with Engagements.</i>—The seller of a horse sold with his -engagements has not the power of striking him out.</p> - -<p>In case of private sale, the written acknowledgment of the parties that the horse -was sold with engagements, is necessary to entitle the buyer to the benefit of this -rule.</p> - -<p>A true copy from the record.</p> - -<p class="right">D. F. LONGSTREET. Secretary.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_536"></a>[536]</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_537"></a>[537]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="GENERAL_INDEX">GENERAL INDEX.</h2> - -</div> - -<table summary="Index"> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdpg"><span class="smcap">Page.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Autobiography</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Bits Used in Educating Horses Addicted to Bad Habits</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To prevent a horse getting his tongue over the bit,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Lolling the tongue,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure a horse sucking wind,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_252">252</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Dead mouth,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_253">253</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure a side-reiner,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_253">253</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Cattle, Education of</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a cow not to kick while being milked,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_327">327</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a cow to give down her milk,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_331">331</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Practical result of educating cows to give down milk,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_335">335</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate cattle to lead behind a wagon,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_339">339</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">System of educating steers,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_428">428</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Directions for Feeding and Fitting the Horse</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Dogs, Education of</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To roll a barrel,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_411">411</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To fire a gun,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_411">411</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To pass between your legs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_415">415</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To jump through hoops,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_415">415</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To stand on chairs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_416">416</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Dunbar System of Horseshoeing, etc.</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_445">445</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Educating the Horse, System of</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">New method of haltering a vicious or wild colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_161">161</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Teaching the words “Come here”,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_165">165</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_538"></a>[538]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">How to lay a horse down,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">How to get a horse up that throws himself,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a colt not to be afraid of his heels,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a colt to drive before being harnessed,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">How to educate a colt to move his body when he moves his head,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_185">185</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Improved method of bitting colts,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_189">189</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Educating a horse to ride,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_193">193</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Instructions to ride the colt,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_197">197</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To halter-break and hitch a colt in the stall,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate the horse not to kick at you when entering the stall,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate the horse that kicks or paws in the stable,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To prevent a horse from getting cast in the stall,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a colt to lead behind a wagon,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse that is bad to catch,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_221">221</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse not to rear,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_225">225</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate and prevent a horse from cribbing,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_229">229</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate and break a halter-puller,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_233">233</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse not to kick when the rein gets under his tail,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_237">237</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Another method of educating a kicking horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To harden a tender-mouthed horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_244">244</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate the horse bad to groom,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_247">247</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Hugging the pole,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Luggers on the bit,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate horses not to fear objects while driving,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_257">257</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">First lesson in educating horses not to fear an umbrella,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_261">261</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Second lesson in educating horses not to fear an umbrella,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_265">265</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Horse bad to bridle,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a single-footed horse to trot square,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_269">269</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a pacing horse to trot,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_273">273</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse to trot fast,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_277">277</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse not to kick while in shafts,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_281">281</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate and infuse life into a lazy horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_287">287</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a balky horse to draw in double harness,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_295">295</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_539"></a>[539]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">An easy method of starting a balky horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_291">291</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse not to kick while being shod,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_299">299</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse while standing bad to shoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_303">303</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Double hitch educating bridle,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_307">307</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">A boon for the blacksmith,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse not to be afraid of the cars,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_315">315</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse to back at the word of command,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_319">319</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate horses or cattle not to jump fences,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_323">323</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a tender-mouthed horse to pull on the bit,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate horses not to fear a buffalo robe—illustration and instructions found between pages,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_344">344 and 345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate and make a horse bad to catch,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_399">399</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Fast Horses, Record of</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_513">513</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">History of the Horse</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Intelligence of Animals</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_345">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Miscellaneous</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">The only practical way of administering medicine to a horse,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_423">423</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To tell a horse’s age,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_425">425</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">New method to tell the age,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_426">426</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Sure method of producing a rapid growth in horses’ hoofs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Corns and their treatment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_459">459</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Ferren’s steel horseshoe,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_362">362</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Hoof-expanding shoe for contracted feet,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_362">362</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Recipes—Many Never Before Published</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">An excellent liniment for sprains, splints or curbs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_270">270</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">A remedy for heaves,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_324">324</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">A sure cure for worms in horses,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_336">336</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">A cure for colic or gripes,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_328">328</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure for spavin,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_408">408</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure for windgalls,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_408">408</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure for colic,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_419">419</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Cure for heaves—never before published,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_336">336</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_540"></a>[540]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Diuretic drops,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_284">284</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Treatment of wounds,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To prevent horses being teased by flies,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_304">304</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">An English stable liniment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Liniment for contracted hoof,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_296">296</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">For inflammation of the lungs,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_324">324</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To cure the scratches in the shortest time ever known,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_392">392</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To cure distemper,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_404">404</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To cure hide-bound,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_404">404</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To cure inflamed swellings or lame shoulders,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_408">408</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Ring bone remedy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_270">270</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Remedy for botts,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Another cure for spavin,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">A valuable liniment for sweeny,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_316">316</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Ointment for bruises, scratches, saddle galls, etc.,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_296">296</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Nerve and bone liniment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_274">274</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Sure cure for poll-evil and fistula,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_274">274</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To cure influenza,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_496">496</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Condition powders,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_498">498</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Glanders,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_499">499</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Lock-jaw,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_503">503</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To distinguish between distemper and glanders,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_504">504</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Chronic cough,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_505">505</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Treatment for Rheumatism,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_505">505</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Founder remedy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_506">506</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Horse ointment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_506">506</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Magic liniment,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_507">507</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">French paste for bone spavin,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_508">508</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">How to clean and oil harness,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_509">509</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Physic Ball,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_510">510</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To scatter poll-evil,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_511">511</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Healing salve for abrasion and cuts,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_511">511</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Wash for foul ulcers,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_512">512</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_541"></a>[541]</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">Antispasmodic tincture,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_512">512</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Shoeing, A Treatise on</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_431">431</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To prevent horses interfering,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_441">441</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To prevent overreaching,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_443">443</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Trick Horses</span>:</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To educate a horse to mount a pedestal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_367">367</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To make a horse waltz,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_368">368</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To walk on his hind-feet,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_371">371</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to say “No”,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_372">372</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to go lame,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_376">376</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to be vicious,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_379">379</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to push a vehicle,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_375">375</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to laugh,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_380">380</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to walk on his knees,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_383">383</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to drive a boy off a pedestal,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_387">387</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to make a bow,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_388">388</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to shake hands,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_388">388</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to sit down,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_391">391</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to bore for oil,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_395">395</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to walk upright,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to take handkerchief from his side,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_403">403</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="sub">To teach to kiss a boy,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_407">407</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Rules Trotting Course, Revised</span>,</td> - <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Page_521">521</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Horse's Friend, by O. 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