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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #63053 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63053)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lead Kindly Light, by Allan Sutherland
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll
-have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
-this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: Lead Kindly Light
- Its Origin and Its Romance
-
-Author: Allan Sutherland
-
-Contributor: Henry C. McCook
-
-Release Date: August 27, 2020 [EBook #63053]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEAD KINDLY LIGHT ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Hutcheson, and the
-Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-
-
-
- _Famous Hymns of the World Series_
-
-
-
-
- _Lead Kindly Light_
-
-
- _ITS ORIGIN AND ITS ROMANCE_
-
- BY
- ALLAN SUTHERLAND
-
- WITH AN INTRODUCTION
- BY
- THE REV. HENRY C. McCOOK
- D.D., LL.D., Sc.D.
-
- _Illustrated_
-
- [Illustration: Decorative glyph]
-
- NEW YORK
- FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
- PUBLISHERS
-
- Copyright, 1905
- By The Butterick Publishing Co., Ltd.
- Copyright, 1906
- By Frederick A. Stokes Company
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-
-
-
- INTRODUCTORY
-
-
- BY THE
- REV. HENRY C. McCOOK, D.D., LL.D., Sc.D.[1]
-
-{F}rom the earliest eras of history, religion has been wedded to song.
-In every stage of civilisation and in well-nigh every form of worship
-this has been true. From the rude ululations of savage medicine-men,
-with the monotonous beat of tum-tums, to the splendid Levitical choir of
-the Hebrew temple that rendered the psalms to the accompaniment of
-stringed and brazen instruments, the record does not vary.
-
-How rhythm and melody react upon the religious sentiment, and why
-religious experience naturally flows in rhythmic utterance, one need not
-here inquire. Such inquiries belong to the natural history of sacred
-psalmody. But there are our sacred books to attest the facts. A large
-part of them are poems. The poets of ancient Israel were true prophets.
-The core of the Hebrew religion and worship lay within its religious
-songs; and these are the portions of its ritual that have lived; and one
-may safely predict that they shall run the whole cycle of being with our
-race.
-
-As far back as the days of Moses, we read of Miriam under a prophetic
-impulse breaking forth into song to commemorate the deliverance of
-Israel from the Egyptians on the peninsular shore of the Red Sea. A
-refrain of that hymn has come down to us:
-
- “Sing unto the Lord for He hath triumphed gloriously;
- The horse and his rider He hath whelmed within the sea.”
-
-That such religious songs were not rare and that their musical utterance
-was even then organized as a part of worship, appears from the fact that
-Miriam’s countrywomen accompanied her with their guitars, and joined in
-the chorus.
-
-The Songs of Deborah illumined the period of the Judges. They have been
-given a place by competent critics among the noblest lyrics of
-antiquity. One of these, Heinrich Ewald, speaks of them as so artistic,
-with all their antique simplicity, that they show to what “refined art
-poetry early aspired, and what a delicate perception of beauty breathed
-already beneath its stiff and cumbrous soul.”
-
-The Gospel era dawned in the midst of holy songs, hymned by angels, by
-holy men and women, and by the Mother of our Lord. From that day on the
-Church of Jesus has been vocal with psalmody. The primitive Church had
-her spiritual songs. The saintliness of the early Christian ages
-survives in the Greek and Latin hymns, and the pleasant task of
-translating and assembling the choicest of these has occupied many
-gifted minds.
-
-The Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century was borne forward on
-waves of sacred song. The sweet voice of the student lad that appealed
-from the snowy street to the heart of Dame Ursula Cotta, and opened her
-doors to Martin Luther, was a type of the new time. The new songs of the
-Reformation and the old psalms renewed in the vernacular and in popular
-musical forms, prepared the way of multitudes for the revived truths of
-the Gospel.
-
-Luther’s musical taste and talent impressed itself upon Germany, and
-thence upon Europe. His free spirit found utterance outside of the
-Biblical forms of praise in metrical renderings of his own and other
-religious experiences. Calvin saw the value and authority of popular
-praises, and encouraged and procured their use in the new organisation
-of reformed worship of which he was the chief agent. But his more
-conservative spirit in such matters held to the ancient psalms; and this
-influenced all Europe outside of Germany. The Church of England used the
-version of Sternhold and Hopkins, and these will be found appended to
-the early prayer-books. Rous’s version was substantially that best liked
-and approved by the Church of Scotland.
-
-The historic “Huguenot Psalter” was the joint work of Clement Marot and
-Theodore Beza, the former having rendered into French metre the first
-fifty psalms, and the latter the remaining one hundred. These, set to
-popular music, caught the ear and heart of the people of all ranks. They
-ran rapidly throughout French-speaking nations, and became as well known
-as the “Gospel Hymns” in the palmy days of Moody and Sankey.
-
-The Hebrew Psalter embodies the religious experiences of the chosen
-people, whose faith, more spiritual than that of any other nation of
-antiquity, was inbreathed and nurtured by the Holy Spirit. It is not to
-be supposed that the one hundred and fifty psalms included within the
-canonical psalter were the only ones that the poets of Israel hymned.
-But these, in the process of an inspired selection and a devotional
-development, were the ones that filled and satisfied the religious
-consciousness of that most spiritual people, and became the vehicle of
-not only a national but of an international praise.
-
-For the Book of Psalms is a book for all nations. The very divinity of
-its origin insures its catholic humanity. It has proved its high ethnic
-qualities by ages of world-wide usage. A cloud of witnessing praises,
-rising from the Church of every age and name throughout centuries of
-testing, testifies to its fitness. If the taste of this era—much to the
-regret of some of us—has largely rejected metrical versions in the
-vernacular, yet their use, after the manner of the ancients, in chants,
-still holds and even widens in the Church’s service of praise.
-
-It is significant that the hymns which have fastened themselves upon the
-hearts of the devout in any one branch of the Church are those which are
-loved and used by all who honor and love the name of Christ. In all ages
-the truly devout are one in spiritual sympathy, and therefore the forms
-of praise which utter the devotions of one heart bear alike to God the
-aspirations of another. The Calvinistic Toplady, Watts, and Bonar; the
-Methodist Wesleys; the Anglican Heber, Ken, and Keble; the Romanist
-Faber and Newman, and all the goodly company of the sons and daughters
-of Asaph, when uttering the devotions of their souls, speak in one
-tongue.
-
-There is something divine in the flame of sacred poesy that burns out
-therefrom the dross of sect. The hymns of the most rigid denominations
-are rarely sectarian. There is not a presbyter or priest in this whole
-land, who, with due tact and good faith, could not conduct a mission or
-service of song as chaplain of a congregation of soldiers or sailors
-made up of Protestants and Roman Catholics, of all phases of
-ecclesiastical opinions, without one discordant note and with perfect
-approval and enjoyment of all. This the writer, as a Government chaplain
-in two wars and for a quarter of a century in the National Guard, has
-repeatedly done and seen done.
-
-Such great catholic missions as those of Moody and Sankey, Whittle and
-Bliss, Torrey and Alexander, which have appealed to all classes,
-conditions, and creeds, and have made their services so largely a
-service of song, have been and remain impressive witnesses of the
-substantial unity of the devout when they engage in the worship of
-praise.
-
- Lead, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom,
- Lead Thou me on;
- The night is dark, and I am far from home;
- Lead Thou me on:
- Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see
- The distant scene,—one step enough for me.
-
- I was not ever thus, nor prayed that Thou
- Shouldst lead me on;
- I loved to choose and see my path; but now
- Lead Thou me on.
- I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears,
- Pride ruled my will: remember not past years.
-
- So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still
- Will lead me on
- O’er moor and fen, o’er crag and torrent, till
- The night is gone;
- And with the morn those angel faces smile,
- Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-
-
-
- LEAD, KINDLY LIGHT
-
-
-{H}ezekiah Butterworth, an authority on hymnology, pronounces this to be
-“the sweetest and most trustful of modern hymns”; while Colonel Nicholas
-Smith says, “Christians of all denominations and of every grade of
-culture feel its charm and find in it ‘a language for some of the
-deepest yearnings of the soul.’ The hymn-books do not contain a more
-exquisite lyric. As a prayer for a troubled soul for guidance, it ranks
-with the most deservedly famous church songs in the English language.”
-
-Its distinguished author, John Henry Newman, was born February 21, 1801,
-the son of a London banker, and seventy-eight years later became a
-Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. At the early age of nineteen he
-was graduated from Trinity College, Oxford, and became a tutor in Oriel
-College. He was ordained in 1824, and in 1828 was made vicar of St.
-Mary’s Protestant Episcopal Church, Oxford.
-
-He was a popular, forceful preacher, with fluent speech, perfect
-diction, and a splendid fund of illustration which he always used with
-telling effect. He was deeply interested in the heart-life of men, and
-was ever ready to encourage them to speak to him freely of their
-experiences and temptations. He exercised a strong influence over the
-students who thronged his church.
-
-In December, 1832, because of impaired health, he went with friends to
-southern Europe. The spiritual unrest, kindled by the “Oxford Movement,”
-which finally led him to unite with the Roman Catholic Church, in 1845,
-was already upon him; he sought eagerly and conscientiously for divine
-guidance in solving the great doctrinal problems that vexed his soul. It
-was during this period of inner disquietude and of anxious thought for
-the future of the Established Church, of which he was still a member,
-that his noble hymn, “Lead, Kindly Light,” had birth—a hymn which has
-voiced the heartfelt prayers of thousands for spiritual guidance.
-
-In the minds of many there is intimate association of thought between
-Newman’s supplication:
-
- “Lead, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom,
- Lead Thou me on!”
-
-and another intensely human heart-cry for direction and companionship in
-the hour of need—Henry Francis Lyte’s
-
- “Abide with me, fast falls the eventide:
- The darkness deepens: Lord, with me abide.”
-
-It is interesting to know that both of these hymns were composed on the
-sacred day of rest: Newman’s, on Sunday, June 16, 1833; and Lyte’s, on
-Sunday, September 5, 1847.
-
-Newman has left us this very entertaining description of the
-circumstances under which his hymn was written:
-
-“I went to the various coasts of the Mediterranean; parted with my
-friends at Rome; went down for the second time to Sicily, without
-companion, at the end of April. I struck into the middle of the Island,
-and fell ill of a fever at Leonforte. My servant thought I was dying,
-and begged for my last directions. I gave them, as he wished, but I
-said, ‘I shall not die.’ I repeated ‘I shall not die, for I have not
-sinned against the Light; I have not sinned against the Light.’ I have
-never been able quite to make out what I meant.
-
-“I got to Castro-Giovanni, and was laid up there for nearly three weeks.
-Toward the end of May I left for Palermo, taking three days for the
-journey. Before starting from my inn, on the morning of May 26 or 27, I
-sat down on my bed and began to sob violently. My servant, who had acted
-as my nurse, asked what ailed me. I could only answer him, ‘I have a
-work to do in England.’
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-“I was aching to get home; yet, for want of a vessel, I was kept at
-Palermo for three weeks. I began to visit the churches, and they calmed
-my impatience, though I did not attend any of the services. At last I
-got off in an orange boat, bound for Marseilles. Then it was that I
-wrote the lines, ‘Lead, Kindly Light.’ We were becalmed a whole week in
-the Straits of Bonifacio. I was writing the whole of my passage.”
-Elsewhere he informs us that the exact date on which the hymn was
-written was June 16.
-
-It is pleasant to think that this much-loved hymn, the fervent prayer of
-a doubt-tossed soul, was written in one of the majestic calms that
-sometimes lull to sleep the sunny waters of the Mediterranean; and that
-it caught some of its delicious fragrance from the perfume that was
-wafted over the waters from the golden cargo with which the vessel was
-freighted. It would require but little imagination to picture the scene:
-the clumsy boat, the idly-hanging sails, the listless, swarthy crew, the
-brilliant young minister emaciated by mental and physical suffering, the
-solemn sea, and over all the matchless Italian sky and the tender
-twilight calm. Fit hour and surroundings for such a hymn to have its
-being.
-
-In striking contrast, the music to which the words are inseparably
-wedded, was composed by Dr. John B. Dykes as he walked through the
-Strand, one of the busiest thoroughfares of London. It may be that the
-tumultuous street was typical of the wild unrest in Newman’s heart when
-he began his hymn; if so, surely the quiet waters of the Mediterranean
-on that holy Sabbath evening might well represent his spiritual calm
-when it was ended—even though subsequent controversial storms were
-destined to beat fiercely upon his soul.
-
-In this connection it may prove interesting to read the following from
-the _Random Recollections_ of the Rev. George Huntington:
-
-“I had been paying Cardinal Newman a visit. For some reason I happened
-to mention his well-known hymn, ‘Lead, Kindly Light,’ which he said he
-wrote when a very young man. I ventured to say, ‘It must be a great
-pleasure to you to know that you have written a hymn treasured wherever
-English-speaking Christians are to be found; and where are they not to
-be found?’ He was silent for some moments, and then said with emotion,
-‘Yes, deeply thankful, and more than thankful!’ Then, after another
-pause, ‘But, you see, it is not the hymn, but the _tune_, that has
-gained the popularity! The tune is by Dykes, and Dr. Dykes was a great
-master.’”
-
-Perhaps nothing more fully illustrates the general acceptability of this
-beautiful hymn than the fact that “when the Parliament of Religion met
-in Chicago during the Columbian Exposition, the representatives of
-almost every creed known to man found two things on which they were
-agreed: They could all join in the Lord’s Prayer, and all could sing
-‘Lead, Kindly Light.’”
-
-When some one, a few years ago, asked William E. Gladstone to give the
-names of the hymns of which he was most fond, he replied that he was not
-quite sure that he had any favourites; and then, after a moment’s
-thought, he said: “Lead, Kindly Light,” and “Rock of Ages.”
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-“I know no song, ancient or modern,” writes the Rev. L. A. Banks, D.D.,
-“that with such combined tenderness, pathos, and faith, tells the story
-of the Christian pilgrim who walks by faith and not by sight. No doubt
-it is this fidelity to heart experience, common to us all, that makes
-the hymn such a universal favourite. There are dark nights, and homesick
-hours, and becalmed seas for each of us, in which it is natural for man
-to cry out in Newman’s words:
-
- “‘The night is dark, and I am far from home,
- Lead Thou me on.’”
-
-The Rev. James B. Ely, D.D., writes as follows: “It is my desire to
-relate one interesting incident in connection with ‘Lead, Kindly Light.’
-This hymn was sung in the Lemon Hill Pavilion, Fairmount Park,
-Philadelphia, on a recent Sabbath morning, at a time when the very
-atmosphere, the beautiful trees and the glowing sun seemed to emphasise
-and make very real the sentiments expressed. A young man in the
-audience, who was a Christian, but greatly burdened with many anxieties,
-felt while this hymn was being sung and the music repeated by the
-cornet, that God was preparing him for some special trial through which
-he must pass. During the day and all through the week the melody and the
-words haunted him; and there was also a growing feeling in his heart
-that he ought to go to his old home and visit his mother. Finally, on
-Friday noon, he determined that he would start that very evening, and
-made his plans to do so. Just before leaving his place of business, a
-telegram came informing him of his mother’s sudden death. While the news
-was a great shock to him, yet the singing of the hymn and its constant
-reiteration in his thoughts during the week had, in a measure, prepared
-him for his sore bereavement. The hymn has since become one of his most
-sacred possessions. I have written regarding this unusual incident
-because the experience is so fresh in my mind and so real. I may add
-that this hymn has again and again been sung by large audiences, and
-always with telling spiritual effect.”
-
-Many will recall that this hymn was a special favourite of the late
-President McKinley, and that it was sung far and wide in the churches on
-the first anniversary of his death and burial.
-
-The last stanza of the hymn rings out with a grand declaration of
-triumphant, child-like faith and assurance:
-
- “So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still
- Will lead me on
- O’er moor and fen, o’er crag and torrent, till
- The night is gone;
- And with the morn those angel faces smile,
- Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.”
-
-There has been some controversy as to the author’s meaning in the last
-two lines. Nearly a half century after they were written some one asked
-the Cardinal to give an explanation, and in a letter dated January 18,
-1879, he thus wisely replied:
-
-“You flatter me by your question; but I think it was Keble who, when
-asked it in his own case, answered that poets were not bound to be
-critics, or to give a sense to what they had written; and though I am
-not, like him, a poet, at least I may plead that I am not bound to
-remember my own meaning, whatever it was, at the end of almost fifty
-years. Anyhow, there must be a statute of limitation for writers of
-verse, or it would be quite tyranny if, in an art which is the
-expression, not of truth, but of imagination and sentiment, one were
-obliged to be ready for examination on the transient state of mind which
-came upon one when homesick, or seasick, or in any other way sensitive
-or excited.”
-
- [Illustration: uncaptioned]
-
-Cardinal Newman died August 11, 1890, fifty-seven years after his hymn
-had made his name immortal.
-
-In addition to the quotations from Hezekiah Butterworth and Colonel
-Nicholas Smith, with which the study of this hymn begins, it will
-doubtless prove interesting to read what other men of prominence have
-said in this connection:
-
- “This much-loved hymn.”—Dr. Louis F. Benson, author of “Studies of
- Familiar Hymns.”
-
- “Its sincerity of feeling and purity of expression have made it
- universally acceptable.”—Samuel Willoughby Duffield, author of
- “English Hymns.”
-
- “This is truer to the life of thoughtful men than almost any other
- hymn, but it is so subjective and personal that it is more for the
- closet than for the Church. It is the favourite hymn of our
- students.”—The President of a prominent University.
-
- “It can scarcely be called either a great poem or a great hymn, and
- certainly it is not a lyric. Yet it has certain striking passages, and
- appeals to those who for any reason are beset by darkness.”—Rev. David
- R. Breed, D.D., author of “The History and Use of Hymns and
- Hymn-Tunes.”
-
- “The beautiful hymn, ‘Lead, Kindly Light,’ is of value to the Church
- for its poetry and its pathos. For times of depression and darkness
- come to nearly all of us, and this is just the cry which the heart
- bowed down would use at such times of anxious and sacred
- communion.”—Rev. G. L. Stevens, editor of “Hymns and Carols.”
-
- “The most stirring thing I know is that struggling cry of the wanderer
- for light, ‘For I am far from home.’ The writer’s personality adds
- pathos to his tender song. Out of this song, appropriated by a
- struggling soul to himself, one is prepared for the sublime and
- recovering thought in the dream of the wanderer, ‘with sun gone down,’
- and the way appearing ‘steps up to heaven.’”—Rev. William V. Milligan,
- D.D., Cambridge, Ohio.
-
-
-
-
- Footnotes
-
-
-[1]President of the Presbyterian Historical Society; Chaplain of the
- Forty-first Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, 1861-62; Chaplain of the
- Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the
- Spanish-American War; Founder of the National Relief Commission, in
- Spanish-American War; Author of “The Latimers: A Scotch-Irish
- Historic Romance of the Western Insurrection,” “Women Friends of
- Jesus,” “The Last Days of Jesus,” “The Gospel of Nature,” “Tenants
- of an Old Farm,” “American Spiders and their Spinning-work,” “Old
- Farm Fairies,” “The Agricultural Ant of Texas,” “The Honey and
- Occident Ants,” and “Martial Graves of our Fallen Heroes in Santiago
- de Cuba: A Record of the Spanish-American War.”
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-—Silently corrected a few typos.
-
-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
- is public-domain in the country of publication.
-
-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
- _underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Lead Kindly Light, by Allan Sutherland
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lead Kindly Light, by Allan Sutherland
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll
-have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
-this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: Lead Kindly Light
- Its Origin and Its Romance
-
-Author: Allan Sutherland
-
-Contributor: Henry C. McCook
-
-Release Date: August 27, 2020 [EBook #63053]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEAD KINDLY LIGHT ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Stephen Hutcheson, and the
-Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-<div id="cover" class="img">
-<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Lead Kindly Light: Its Origin and Its Romance" width="800" height="1230" />
-</div>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p1.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="800" height="1161" />
-</div>
-<div class="box">
-<p class="center"><b><i>Famous Hymns of the World Series</i></b></p>
-<h1><i>Lead Kindly Light</i></h1>
-<p class="center"><i>ITS ORIGIN AND ITS ROMANCE</i></p>
-<p class="center"><span class="smaller">BY</span>
-<br />ALLAN SUTHERLAND</p>
-<p class="center"><span class="smaller">WITH AN INTRODUCTION</span>
-<br /><span class="smallest">BY</span>
-<br />THE REV. HENRY C. McCOOK
-<br /><span class="smallest">D.D., LL.D., Sc.D.</span></p>
-<p class="center"><b><i>Illustrated</i></b></p>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p2.png" alt="Decorative glyph" width="100" height="102" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">NEW YORK
-<br />FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY
-<br />PUBLISHERS</p>
-</div>
-<p class="center smaller"><span class="sc">Copyright, 1905
-<br />By The Butterick Publishing Co., Ltd.</span>
-<br /><span class="sc">Copyright, 1906
-<br />By Frederick A. Stokes Company</span></p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_i">i</div>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p4.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="800" height="951" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_iii">iii</div>
-<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">INTRODUCTORY</span></h2>
-<p class="center"><span class="smallest">BY THE</span>
-<br />REV. HENRY C. McCOOK, D.D., LL.D., Sc.D.<a class="fn" id="fr_1" href="#fn_1">[1]</a></p>
-<p><img class="inline" src="images/f.png" alt="F" width="100" height="98" />rom the earliest eras of
-history, religion has been
-wedded to song. In every
-stage of civilisation and in
-well-nigh every form of
-worship this has been true. From the
-rude ululations of savage medicine-men,
-with the monotonous beat of tum-tums,
-to the splendid Levitical choir of the
-Hebrew temple that rendered the psalms
-to the accompaniment of stringed and
-<span class="pb" id="Page_iv">iv</span>
-brazen instruments, the record does not
-vary.</p>
-<p>How rhythm and melody react upon
-the religious sentiment, and why religious
-experience naturally flows in rhythmic
-utterance, one need not here inquire.
-Such inquiries belong to the natural history
-of sacred psalmody. But there are
-our sacred books to attest the facts. A
-large part of them are poems. The
-poets of ancient Israel were true prophets.
-The core of the Hebrew religion and
-worship lay within its religious songs;
-and these are the portions of its ritual
-that have lived; and one may safely
-predict that they shall run the whole
-cycle of being with our race.</p>
-<p>As far back as the days of Moses, we
-read of Miriam under a prophetic impulse
-breaking forth into song to commemorate
-the deliverance of Israel from
-the Egyptians on the peninsular shore of
-<span class="pb" id="Page_v">v</span>
-the Red Sea. A refrain of that hymn
-has come down to us:</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">&ldquo;Sing unto the Lord for He hath triumphed gloriously;</p>
-<p class="t0">The horse and his rider He hath whelmed within the sea.&rdquo;</p>
-</div>
-<p>That such religious songs were not
-rare and that their musical utterance
-was even then organized as a part of
-worship, appears from the fact that
-Miriam&rsquo;s countrywomen accompanied
-her with their guitars, and joined in the
-chorus.</p>
-<p>The Songs of Deborah illumined the
-period of the Judges. They have been
-given a place by competent critics
-among the noblest lyrics of antiquity.
-One of these, Heinrich Ewald, speaks
-of them as so artistic, with all their antique
-simplicity, that they show to what
-&ldquo;refined art poetry early aspired, and
-what a delicate perception of beauty
-breathed already beneath its stiff and
-cumbrous soul.&rdquo;</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_vi">vi</div>
-<p>The Gospel era dawned in the midst
-of holy songs, hymned by angels, by
-holy men and women, and by the Mother
-of our Lord. From that day on the
-Church of Jesus has been vocal with
-psalmody. The primitive Church had
-her spiritual songs. The saintliness of
-the early Christian ages survives in the
-Greek and Latin hymns, and the pleasant
-task of translating and assembling
-the choicest of these has occupied many
-gifted minds.</p>
-<p>The Protestant Reformation of the
-sixteenth century was borne forward on
-waves of sacred song. The sweet voice
-of the student lad that appealed from
-the snowy street to the heart of Dame
-Ursula Cotta, and opened her doors to
-Martin Luther, was a type of the new
-time. The new songs of the Reformation
-and the old psalms renewed in the
-vernacular and in popular musical forms,
-<span class="pb" id="Page_vii">vii</span>
-prepared the way of multitudes for the
-revived truths of the Gospel.</p>
-<p>Luther&rsquo;s musical taste and talent impressed
-itself upon Germany, and thence
-upon Europe. His free spirit found
-utterance outside of the Biblical forms
-of praise in metrical renderings of his
-own and other religious experiences.
-Calvin saw the value and authority of
-popular praises, and encouraged and procured
-their use in the new organisation
-of reformed worship of which he was
-the chief agent. But his more conservative
-spirit in such matters held to the
-ancient psalms; and this influenced
-all Europe outside of Germany. The
-Church of England used the version of
-Sternhold and Hopkins, and these will
-be found appended to the early prayer-books.
-Rous&rsquo;s version was substantially
-that best liked and approved by the
-Church of Scotland.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_viii">viii</div>
-<p>The historic &ldquo;Huguenot Psalter&rdquo; was
-the joint work of Clement Marot and
-Theodore Beza, the former having rendered
-into French metre the first fifty
-psalms, and the latter the remaining one
-hundred. These, set to popular music,
-caught the ear and heart of the people
-of all ranks. They ran rapidly throughout
-French-speaking nations, and became
-as well known as the &ldquo;Gospel
-Hymns&rdquo; in the palmy days of Moody
-and Sankey.</p>
-<p>The Hebrew Psalter embodies the religious
-experiences of the chosen people,
-whose faith, more spiritual than that of
-any other nation of antiquity, was inbreathed
-and nurtured by the Holy
-Spirit. It is not to be supposed that
-the one hundred and fifty psalms included
-within the canonical psalter were
-the only ones that the poets of Israel
-hymned. But these, in the process of
-<span class="pb" id="Page_ix">ix</span>
-an inspired selection and a devotional
-development, were the ones that filled
-and satisfied the religious consciousness
-of that most spiritual people, and became
-the vehicle of not only a national
-but of an international praise.</p>
-<p>For the Book of Psalms is a book for
-all nations. The very divinity of its
-origin insures its catholic humanity.
-It has proved its high ethnic qualities
-by ages of world-wide usage. A cloud
-of witnessing praises, rising from the
-Church of every age and name throughout
-centuries of testing, testifies to its
-fitness. If the taste of this era&mdash;much
-to the regret of some of us&mdash;has largely
-rejected metrical versions in the vernacular,
-yet their use, after the manner of
-the ancients, in chants, still holds and
-even widens in the Church&rsquo;s service of
-praise.</p>
-<p>It is significant that the hymns which
-<span class="pb" id="Page_x">x</span>
-have fastened themselves upon the
-hearts of the devout in any one branch
-of the Church are those which are loved
-and used by all who honor and love the
-name of Christ. In all ages the truly
-devout are one in spiritual sympathy,
-and therefore the forms of praise which
-utter the devotions of one heart bear
-alike to God the aspirations of another.
-The Calvinistic Toplady, Watts, and
-Bonar; the Methodist Wesleys; the
-Anglican Heber, Ken, and Keble; the
-Romanist Faber and Newman, and all
-the goodly company of the sons and
-daughters of Asaph, when uttering the
-devotions of their souls, speak in one
-tongue.</p>
-<p>There is something divine in the flame
-of sacred poesy that burns out therefrom
-the dross of sect. The hymns of
-the most rigid denominations are rarely
-sectarian. There is not a presbyter or
-<span class="pb" id="Page_xi">xi</span>
-priest in this whole land, who, with
-due tact and good faith, could not conduct
-a mission or service of song as
-chaplain of a congregation of soldiers
-or sailors made up of Protestants and
-Roman Catholics, of all phases of ecclesiastical
-opinions, without one discordant
-note and with perfect approval and enjoyment
-of all. This the writer, as a
-Government chaplain in two wars and
-for a quarter of a century in the National
-Guard, has repeatedly done and
-seen done.</p>
-<p>Such great catholic missions as those
-of Moody and Sankey, Whittle and
-Bliss, Torrey and Alexander, which
-have appealed to all classes, conditions,
-and creeds, and have made their services
-so largely a service of song, have been
-and remain impressive witnesses of the
-substantial unity of the devout when
-they engage in the worship of praise.</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">Lead, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom,</p>
-<p class="t5">Lead Thou me on;</p>
-<p class="t0">The night is dark, and I am far from home;</p>
-<p class="t5">Lead Thou me on:</p>
-<p class="t0">Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see</p>
-<p class="t0">The distant scene,&mdash;one step enough for me.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">I was not ever thus, nor prayed that Thou</p>
-<p class="t5">Shouldst lead me on;</p>
-<p class="t0">I loved to choose and see my path; but now</p>
-<p class="t5">Lead Thou me on.</p>
-<p class="t0">I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears,</p>
-<p class="t0">Pride ruled my will: remember not past years.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still</p>
-<p class="t5">Will lead me on</p>
-<p class="t0">O&rsquo;er moor and fen, o&rsquo;er crag and torrent, till</p>
-<p class="t5">The night is gone;</p>
-<p class="t0">And with the morn those angel faces smile,</p>
-<p class="t0">Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_xv">xv</div>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p5.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="729" height="1201" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div>
-<h2 id="c2"><span class="small">LEAD, KINDLY LIGHT</span></h2>
-<p><img class="inline" src="images/h.png" alt="H" width="100" height="99" />ezekiah Butterworth,
-an authority
-on hymnology, pronounces
-this to be &ldquo;the
-sweetest and most trustful
-of modern hymns&rdquo;; while Colonel
-Nicholas Smith says, &ldquo;Christians of all
-denominations and of every grade of
-culture feel its charm and find in it &lsquo;a
-language for some of the deepest yearnings
-of the soul.&rsquo; The hymn-books do
-not contain a more exquisite lyric. As
-a prayer for a troubled soul for guidance,
-it ranks with the most deservedly
-famous church songs in the English
-language.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Its distinguished author, John Henry
-Newman, was born February 21, 1801,
-the son of a London banker, and
-seventy-eight years later became a Cardinal
-of the Roman Catholic Church.
-At the early age of nineteen he was
-<span class="pb" id="Page_2">2</span>
-graduated from Trinity College, Oxford,
-and became a tutor in Oriel College.
-He was ordained in 1824, and
-in 1828 was made vicar of St. Mary&rsquo;s
-Protestant Episcopal Church, Oxford.</p>
-<p>He was a popular, forceful preacher,
-with fluent speech, perfect diction, and
-a splendid fund of illustration which he
-always used with telling effect. He
-was deeply interested in the heart-life
-of men, and was ever ready to encourage
-them to speak to him freely
-of their experiences and temptations.
-He exercised a strong influence over
-the students who thronged his church.</p>
-<p>In December, 1832, because of impaired
-health, he went with friends to
-southern Europe. The spiritual unrest,
-kindled by the &ldquo;Oxford Movement,&rdquo;
-which finally led him to unite with the
-Roman Catholic Church, in 1845, was
-already upon him; he sought eagerly
-and conscientiously for divine guidance
-in solving the great doctrinal problems
-<span class="pb" id="Page_3">3</span>
-that vexed his soul. It was during this
-period of inner disquietude and of
-anxious thought for the future of the
-Established Church, of which he was
-still a member, that his noble hymn,
-&ldquo;Lead, Kindly Light,&rdquo; had birth&mdash;a
-hymn which has voiced the heartfelt
-prayers of thousands for spiritual
-guidance.</p>
-<p>In the minds of many there is intimate
-association of thought between
-Newman&rsquo;s supplication:</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">&ldquo;Lead, kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom,</p>
-<p class="t5">Lead Thou me on!&rdquo;</p>
-</div>
-<p>and another intensely human heart-cry
-for direction and companionship in the
-hour of need&mdash;Henry Francis Lyte&rsquo;s</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">&ldquo;Abide with me, fast falls the eventide:</p>
-<p class="t0">The darkness deepens: Lord, with me abide.&rdquo;</p>
-</div>
-<p>It is interesting to know that both of
-these hymns were composed on the
-<span class="pb" id="Page_4">4</span>
-sacred day of rest: Newman&rsquo;s, on Sunday,
-June 16, 1833; and Lyte&rsquo;s, on
-Sunday, September 5, 1847.</p>
-<p>Newman has left us this very entertaining
-description of the circumstances
-under which his hymn was written:</p>
-<p>&ldquo;I went to the various coasts of the
-Mediterranean; parted with my friends
-at Rome; went down for the second
-time to Sicily, without companion, at
-the end of April. I struck into the
-middle of the Island, and fell ill of
-a fever at Leonforte. My servant
-thought I was dying, and begged for
-my last directions. I gave them, as he
-wished, but I said, &lsquo;I shall not die.&rsquo; I
-repeated &lsquo;I shall not die, for I have
-not sinned against the Light; I have
-not sinned against the Light.&rsquo; I
-have never been able quite to make
-out what I meant.</p>
-<p>&ldquo;I got to Castro-Giovanni, and was
-laid up there for nearly three weeks.
-Toward the end of May I left for
-Palermo, taking three days for the
-journey. Before starting from my inn,
-on the morning of May 26 or 27, I sat
-down on my bed and began to sob violently.
-My servant, who had acted as
-my nurse, asked what ailed me. I could
-only answer him, &lsquo;I have a work to do
-in England.&rsquo;</p>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p6.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="1159" height="800" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div>
-<p>&ldquo;I was aching to get home; yet, for
-want of a vessel, I was kept at Palermo
-for three weeks. I began to visit the
-churches, and they calmed my impatience,
-though I did not attend any of
-the services. At last I got off in an
-orange boat, bound for Marseilles.
-Then it was that I wrote the lines,
-&lsquo;Lead, Kindly Light.&rsquo; We were becalmed
-a whole week in the Straits of
-Bonifacio. I was writing the whole of
-my passage.&rdquo; Elsewhere he informs
-us that the exact date on which the
-hymn was written was June 16.</p>
-<p>It is pleasant to think that this much-loved
-hymn, the fervent prayer of a
-<span class="pb" id="Page_6">6</span>
-doubt-tossed soul, was written in one
-of the majestic calms that sometimes
-lull to sleep the sunny waters of the
-Mediterranean; and that it caught
-some of its delicious fragrance from
-the perfume that was wafted over the
-waters from the golden cargo with
-which the vessel was freighted. It
-would require but little imagination to
-picture the scene: the clumsy boat, the
-idly-hanging sails, the listless, swarthy
-crew, the brilliant young minister emaciated
-by mental and physical suffering,
-the solemn sea, and over all the matchless
-Italian sky and the tender twilight
-calm. Fit hour and surroundings for
-such a hymn to have its being.</p>
-<p>In striking contrast, the music to
-which the words are inseparably wedded,
-was composed by Dr. John B. Dykes
-as he walked through the Strand, one
-of the busiest thoroughfares of London.
-It may be that the tumultuous street
-was typical of the wild unrest in Newman&rsquo;s
-<span class="pb" id="Page_7">7</span>
-heart when he began his hymn;
-if so, surely the quiet waters of the
-Mediterranean on that holy Sabbath
-evening might well represent his spiritual
-calm when it was ended&mdash;even
-though subsequent controversial storms
-were destined to beat fiercely upon his
-soul.</p>
-<p>In this connection it may prove interesting
-to read the following from
-the <i>Random Recollections</i> of the Rev.
-George Huntington:</p>
-<p>&ldquo;I had been paying Cardinal Newman
-a visit. For some reason I happened
-to mention his well-known hymn,
-&lsquo;Lead, Kindly Light,&rsquo; which he said he
-wrote when a very young man. I ventured
-to say, &lsquo;It must be a great pleasure
-to you to know that you have written
-a hymn treasured wherever English-speaking
-Christians are to be found;
-and where are they not to be found?&rsquo;
-He was silent for some moments, and
-then said with emotion, &lsquo;Yes, deeply
-<span class="pb" id="Page_8">8</span>
-thankful, and more than thankful!&rsquo;
-Then, after another pause, &lsquo;But, you
-see, it is not the hymn, but the <i>tune</i>, that
-has gained the popularity! The tune
-is by Dykes, and Dr. Dykes was a great
-master.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Perhaps nothing more fully illustrates
-the general acceptability of this
-beautiful hymn than the fact that
-&ldquo;when the Parliament of Religion met
-in Chicago during the Columbian Exposition,
-the representatives of almost
-every creed known to man found two
-things on which they were agreed: They
-could all join in the Lord&rsquo;s Prayer, and
-all could sing &lsquo;Lead, Kindly Light.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
-<p>When some one, a few years ago,
-asked William E. Gladstone to give the
-names of the hymns of which he was
-most fond, he replied that he was not
-quite sure that he had any favourites;
-and then, after a moment&rsquo;s thought,
-he said: &ldquo;Lead, Kindly Light,&rdquo; and
-&ldquo;Rock of Ages.&rdquo;</p>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p7.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="800" height="1053" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div>
-<p>&ldquo;I know no song, ancient or
-modern,&rdquo; writes the Rev. L. A. Banks,
-D.D., &ldquo;that with such combined tenderness,
-pathos, and faith, tells the story
-of the Christian pilgrim who walks by
-faith and not by sight. No doubt it is
-this fidelity to heart experience, common
-to us all, that makes the hymn such
-a universal favourite. There are dark
-nights, and homesick hours, and becalmed
-seas for each of us, in which it
-is natural for man to cry out in Newman&rsquo;s
-words:</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">&ldquo;&lsquo;The night is dark, and I am far from home,</p>
-<p class="t5">Lead Thou me on.&rsquo;&rdquo;</p>
-</div>
-<p>The Rev. James B. Ely, D.D., writes
-as follows: &ldquo;It is my desire to relate
-one interesting incident in connection
-with &lsquo;Lead, Kindly Light.&rsquo; This hymn
-was sung in the Lemon Hill Pavilion,
-Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, on a
-recent Sabbath morning, at a time when
-<span class="pb" id="Page_10">10</span>
-the very atmosphere, the beautiful trees
-and the glowing sun seemed to emphasise
-and make very real the sentiments
-expressed. A young man in the audience,
-who was a Christian, but greatly
-burdened with many anxieties, felt while
-this hymn was being sung and the music
-repeated by the cornet, that God was
-preparing him for some special trial
-through which he must pass. During
-the day and all through the week the
-melody and the words haunted him;
-and there was also a growing feeling
-in his heart that he ought to go to his
-old home and visit his mother. Finally,
-on Friday noon, he determined that he
-would start that very evening, and
-made his plans to do so. Just before
-leaving his place of business, a telegram
-came informing him of his mother&rsquo;s
-sudden death. While the news was a
-great shock to him, yet the singing of
-the hymn and its constant reiteration
-in his thoughts during the week had,
-<span class="pb" id="Page_11">11</span>
-in a measure, prepared him for his sore
-bereavement. The hymn has since become
-one of his most sacred possessions.
-I have written regarding this unusual
-incident because the experience is so
-fresh in my mind and so real. I may
-add that this hymn has again and again
-been sung by large audiences, and always
-with telling spiritual effect.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Many will recall that this hymn was
-a special favourite of the late President
-McKinley, and that it was sung far
-and wide in the churches on the first
-anniversary of his death and burial.</p>
-<p>The last stanza of the hymn rings
-out with a grand declaration of triumphant,
-child-like faith and assurance:</p>
-<div class="verse">
-<p class="t0">&ldquo;So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still</p>
-<p class="t5">Will lead me on</p>
-<p class="t0">O&rsquo;er moor and fen, o&rsquo;er crag and torrent, till</p>
-<p class="t5">The night is gone;</p>
-<p class="t0">And with the morn those angel faces smile,</p>
-<p class="t0">Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.&rdquo;</p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div>
-<p>There has been some controversy as
-to the author&rsquo;s meaning in the last two
-lines. Nearly a half century after they
-were written some one asked the Cardinal
-to give an explanation, and in a
-letter dated January 18, 1879, he thus
-wisely replied:</p>
-<p>&ldquo;You flatter me by your question;
-but I think it was Keble who, when
-asked it in his own case, answered that
-poets were not bound to be critics, or to
-give a sense to what they had written;
-and though I am not, like him, a poet,
-at least I may plead that I am not
-bound to remember my own meaning,
-whatever it was, at the end of almost
-fifty years. Anyhow, there must be a
-statute of limitation for writers of
-verse, or it would be quite tyranny if,
-in an art which is the expression, not of
-truth, but of imagination and sentiment,
-one were obliged to be ready for
-examination on the transient state of
-mind which came upon one when homesick,
-or seasick, or in any other way
-sensitive or excited.&rdquo;</p>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p8.png" alt="uncaptioned" width="800" height="1137" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div>
-<p>Cardinal Newman died August 11,
-1890, fifty-seven years after his hymn
-had made his name immortal.</p>
-<p>In addition to the quotations from
-Hezekiah Butterworth and Colonel
-Nicholas Smith, with which the study
-of this hymn begins, it will doubtless
-prove interesting to read what other
-men of prominence have said in this
-connection:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>&ldquo;This much-loved hymn.&rdquo;&mdash;Dr. Louis F.
-Benson, author of &ldquo;Studies of Familiar
-Hymns.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>&ldquo;Its sincerity of feeling and purity of
-expression have made it universally acceptable.&rdquo;&mdash;Samuel
-Willoughby Duffield, author
-of &ldquo;English Hymns.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>&ldquo;This is truer to the life of thoughtful
-men than almost any other hymn, but it is
-so subjective and personal that it is more
-for the closet than for the Church. It is
-the favourite hymn of our students.&rdquo;&mdash;The
-President of a prominent University.</p>
-<p>&ldquo;It can scarcely be called either a great
-<span class="pb" id="Page_14">14</span>
-poem or a great hymn, and certainly it is
-not a lyric. Yet it has certain striking passages,
-and appeals to those who for any
-reason are beset by darkness.&rdquo;&mdash;Rev. David
-R. Breed, D.D., author of &ldquo;The History
-and Use of Hymns and Hymn-Tunes.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>&ldquo;The beautiful hymn, &lsquo;Lead, Kindly
-Light,&rsquo; is of value to the Church for its
-poetry and its pathos. For times of depression
-and darkness come to nearly all of us,
-and this is just the cry which the heart
-bowed down would use at such times of
-anxious and sacred communion.&rdquo;&mdash;Rev. G.
-L. Stevens, editor of &ldquo;Hymns and Carols.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>&ldquo;The most stirring thing I know is that
-struggling cry of the wanderer for light,
-&lsquo;For I am far from home.&rsquo; The writer&rsquo;s
-personality adds pathos to his tender song.
-Out of this song, appropriated by a struggling
-soul to himself, one is prepared for the
-sublime and recovering thought in the dream
-of the wanderer, &lsquo;with sun gone down,&rsquo; and
-the way appearing &lsquo;steps up to heaven.&rsquo;&rdquo;&mdash;Rev.
-William V. Milligan, D.D., Cambridge,
-Ohio.</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h2 id="c3"><span class="small">Footnotes</span></h2>
-<div class="fnblock"><div class="fndef"><a class="fn" id="fn_1" href="#fr_1">[1]</a>President of the Presbyterian Historical Society; Chaplain of the Forty-first Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, 1861-62; Chaplain of the Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Spanish-American War; Founder of the National Relief Commission, in Spanish-American War; Author of &ldquo;The Latimers: A Scotch-Irish Historic Romance of the Western Insurrection,&rdquo; &ldquo;Women Friends of Jesus,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Last Days of Jesus,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Gospel of Nature,&rdquo; &ldquo;Tenants of an Old Farm,&rdquo; &ldquo;American Spiders and their Spinning-work,&rdquo; &ldquo;Old Farm Fairies,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Agricultural Ant of Texas,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Honey and Occident Ants,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Martial Graves of our Fallen Heroes in Santiago de Cuba: A Record of the Spanish-American War.&rdquo;
-</div>
-</div>
-<h2>Transcriber&rsquo;s Notes</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li>
-<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li>
-<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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