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diff --git a/old/62666-0.txt b/old/62666-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0e885a9..0000000 --- a/old/62666-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3611 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Harold's Town and it's Vicinity, by Freeman -Bunting, Illustrated by J. A. C. Branfill - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Harold's Town and it's Vicinity - Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, and High Beech, Epping Forest - - -Author: Freeman Bunting - - - -Release Date: July 16, 2020 [eBook #62666] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** - - -Transcribed from the 1905–6 Homeland Association Ltd. edition by David -Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org - - [Picture: Book cover] - - [Picture: The Abbey Church at Waltham] - - - - - - Harold’s Town - And its Vicinity. - - - Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, - and High Beech, Epping Forest. - - A Handbook for Visitors, - BY - FREEMAN BUNTING. - - WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS - BY - J. A. C. BRANFILL. - - * * * * * - - Published under the general editorship - of PRESCOTT ROW, in co-operation with the - URBAN DISTRICT COUNCILS OF WALTHAM, HOLY - CROSS AND CHESHUNT, by The Homeland - Association for the encouragement of Touring - in Great Britain. - - Waltham Abbey: M. CUTHBERT, 13, Sun Street. - ,, ,, WILLIAM PALLETT, jun., The Churchyard. - Waltham Cross: P. W. MITCHELL, High Street. - Cheshunt: AUG. J. HALL, 91, Turner’s Hill. - London: THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION, LTD., 22, Bride Lane, - Fleet Street, E.C. - -_FIRST EDITION_, 1905–1906. - - _All Rights Reserved_. - - - - -Ordnance Survey Map of the Country around Waltham Cross and Waltham -Abbey. - - -_Scale of One Inch to One Statute Mile_, - - [Picture: Map] - - - - -EDITORIAL NOTE. - - -WITH a view to making future Editions of this Handbook as accurate and -comprehensive as possible, suggestions for its improvement are cordially -invited. If sent to THE EDITOR, The Homeland Association, Association -House, 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C., they will be gratefully -acknowledged. - - - - -COPYRIGHT. - - -This Book as a whole, with its Contents, both Literary and Pictorial, is -Copyrighted in Great Britain. - - - - -ADVERTISING. - - -LOCAL.—Terms for Advertising in future issues of the Waltham and Cheshunt -Handbook will be forwarded on application to the General Manager of the -Homeland Association, at the above address. - -GENERAL.—Contracts for the insertion of Advertisements through the whole -series of Homeland Handbooks, nearly fifty volumes, circulating -throughout the country, can be arranged on application to the General -Manager. - - - - -_CONTENTS_. - - PAGE -_Bibliography_ 4 -_Prefatory Note_ 6 -_Chapter_ _I.—Describes Waltham Abbey_ 9 - ,, _II.—A Ramble to Epping Forest and High 31 - Beech_ - ,, _III.—Describes Waltham Cross and Theobalds_ 35 - ,, _IV.—Describes Cheshunt and its 44 - Surroundings_ -_A Chronology of Waltham Abbey_ 53 - - - - -BIBLIOGRAPHY. - - -“The Foundation of Waltham Abbey.” Rt. Rev. William Stubbs. - -“History of the Abbey of Waltham.” John Farmer. - -“The Parish of Waltham Abbey.” John Maynard. - -“History of Waltham Abbey.” W. Winters. - -“History of Waltham Holy Cross.” Rev. J. H. Stamp. - -“The Norman Conquest.” E. A. Freeman. - -“Architecture and Early History of Waltham Abbey.” E. A. Freeman. - -“A History of Abbeys.” Stevens. - -“London and its Environs.” Hunter. - -“Circuit of London.” Hughson. - -“Church History of Britain.” Thomas Fuller. - -“Worthies of England.” Thomas Fuller. - -“Cheshunt in the Olden Time.” Rev. A. Brown. - -“Visitors’ Handbook to Cheshunt.” W. Winters. - -“The Family Memoirs of the Rev. W. Stukeley.” - -“‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ Library.” Vol. 17. G. L. Gomme. - -“British Topographer.” Vol. 1. R. Gough. - -“History of Herts.” Cussans. - -“History of Herts.” Salmon. - -“History of Herts.” Clutterbuck. - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - PLATES. -_The Abbey Church at Waltham_ _Frontispiece_ - PAGE -_The Abbey Gateway_ 16 -_The Eleanor Cross_ 34 -_The Parish Church_, _Cheshunt_ 48 - ILLUSTRATIONS. -_Romeland_, _Waltham Abbey_ 11 -_Ancient Bridge_, _known as_ “_Harold’s 15 -Bridge_” -_Waltham One Hundred Years Ago_ 19 -_The Interior of the Abbey Church_ 23 -_The Home of Foxe_, _the Martyrologist_ 29 -_The Eleanor Cross showing detail of 36 -carving_ -_Theobalds_ 37 -_Temple Bar_ 39 -_In the Village at Cheshunt_ 45 -_Cheshunt Great House_ 47 - -PREFATORY NOTE. - - -THIS little book is intended for the ordinary individual rather than the -earnest student or the ardent antiquary. As I have attempted to -embellish the dry bones of history and to present the undoubted beauties -and charms of the corner of England that lies upon the Herts and Essex -border in a manner likely to interest the former, my effort will possibly -appear to the latter to have several shortcomings. - -That part of the book dealing with Cheshunt has presented some -difficulty. One day, perhaps, some industrious historian will prepare a -really good history of the ancient parish of Cheshunt, and utilise to the -best purpose the wealth of material that lies hidden away in the parish -chests. - -To the Rev. J. H. Stamp, I am indebted for reading the proofs and for -some valuable information, as well as for his kind permission to use the -chronological data prepared by him. To Mr. H. Collingwood Lee my thanks -are also due for his kind assistance. - - FREEMAN BUNTING. - -WHITE WEBBS, July, 1905. - - - - -The Publisher’s Address to the Reader. - - -THIS little volume forms one of the Homeland Handbooks, a series founded -in 1897, with a view of providing adequate information respecting special -localities and districts. They are issued at popular prices, and contain -everything likely to interest the intelligent visitor regarding the -History, Traditions, Worthies, and Antiquities of the neighbourhoods with -which they deal. - -In each case the books are written by a qualified Author, with special -local knowledge. - -Other Volumes in the Series likely to interest the reader of this book -are as follows:— - - CLOTH. PAPER. -Hertford, and the Country of Charles Lamb and 2/- 1/- -Izaak Walton -The City of St. Albans, its Abbey and its 2/6 1/- -Surroundings -Dunstable and its Surroundings 2/- 1/- - - _A full list will be found on pages_ ii _and_ iii. - - * * * * * - -The Homeland Association for the Encouragement of Touring in Great -Britain, Association House, _22_, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. - - - - -‘DON’TS’ FOR PICNIC PARTIES. - - -THE Council of the Selborne Society urgently requests visitors to treat -the country they are visiting with the reverence due to natural beauty. - -DON’T gather such quantities of wild flowers and ferns that before the -day is over you are obliged to throw them away on the roadside. By such -gathering you injure the flora of the district, and you take away -pleasures from many people who like to see flowers and ferns growing in -their native haunts. - -DON’T disturb the birds in their breeding season. - -DON’T litter the places visited with waste papers or torn letters. - -DON’T leave empty bottles and other débris of your picnic to vulgarise -the spots, the scenery of which you have been enjoying. - - - - -HAROLD’S TOWN AND ITS VICINITY. - - - WALTHAM ABBEY, WALTHAM CROSS, - CHESHUNT, AND HIGH BEECH, EPPING FOREST. - - * * * * * - - - -CHAPTER I. -WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -HAROLD’S TOWN! We may well speak of Waltham Holy Cross in this way, for -the place virtually owes its foundation to the last representative of the -Saxon dynasty, and abounds in associations with the brave, pious, and -wise prince whose lordship, like that of his great predecessor, Alfred, -had so great an influence for good upon the social and political -institutions of our England, and who so nobly and bravely disputed the -claim to the throne with the Norman invader on the field of Senlac. We -find a contemporary estimate of Earl Harold’s character in the historic -tract, _De Inventione Sanctæ Crucis_, the unknown author of which, who -was, however, a Waltham man, says: “His was the truest heart and the -wisest head and the strongest and gentlest hand in the land.” And the -greatest historians of our own time have spoken in high, appreciative -terms of Harold’s work and influence. How considerable, then, is the -interest to the traveller and student alike of the place with which the -life of Harold was so intimately associated. - -Though within just over half an hour’s journey by rail from the -Metropolis, and but a crow flight of some thirteen miles therefrom, it -would be pretty safe to say that not one per cent. of the inhabitants of -the great city have made any sort of acquaintance with the beautiful old -minster of Waltham, which stands to-day for one of the finest examples of -Norman architecture, vying with Westminster Abbey in this respect, whilst -its history is, as old Thomas Fuller has observed, “the history of the -Church of England.” And if this ancient pile represents so much -architecturally and ecclesiastically, it occupies no mean position among -those various influences that have gone to the making of English history. - -Hither came, for one purpose and another, many of the royal heads of -England, from Harold, the founder, to Charles II.; dignitaries of the -Church, and potent ornaments of the State; while within the shadow of the -minster’s massy walls lived and laboured men who have moulded and -influenced the thoughts and lives of the people. Henry I. and Matilda of -Scotland were visitors to the Abbey, the latter being a considerable -benefactress; Henry II. established the monastery here and richly endowed -it, he “loved Waltham entirely, and lay many times thereat.” King John -came often to Waltham; Henry III. loved the Abbey for its beauty and -seclusion, and resorted thereto often for peace and retirement. Edward -I. and his beloved wife Eleanor were frequently in residence here, and -when the body of the latter was brought from Grantham to London in 1290, -it rested for a night here, the mortal remains of the king himself -remaining in the Abbey, beside Harold’s tomb, for fifteen weeks, on their -way from Scotland to Westminster in 1307. When Wat Tyler’s insurrection -placed Richard II. in jeopardy he sought the sanctuary of the ancient -pile. Henry VIII., who was very fond of Waltham, had a private lodging -close by the Abbey, and was often the guest of the abbot. Cranmer was -frequently resident at Waltham; John Foxe lived and wrote his “Book of -Martyrs” here; Thomas Tallis, father of our beautiful church music, was -organist at the Abbey; Thomas Fuller, author of the “Worthies of -England,” was incumbent of the Abbey Church; so also was Bishop Joseph -Hall, author of the “Contemplations”; Bishop George Hall was a native of -the town; and Izaak Walton, who so loved the “gentle Lea,” was here often -on a visit to a relative. - - [Picture: Romeland. Waltham Abbey] - -The bustling train lands the visitor at Waltham Cross Station, in the -county of Herts, and one must proceed for about a mile on foot eastward -to attain the Abbey and town of Waltham Holy Cross, which lie in the -adjoining county of Essex. But after the “mean things that are new” have -been passed, the way is pleasant. The road is bordered on one side for a -goodly distance by the marshlands and crosses many times over the river -Lea, which, as old Fuller humorously observes, “not only parteth Herts -from Essex, but also seven times parteth from itself, and is crossed by -so many bridges.” Beyond the waterside inn on the bridge that spans the -Lea navigation, and displays the comforting sign of the “Old English -Gentleman,” Highbridge Street is entered, and the old town opens out, -with the tower of the Abbey, but just restored to its original dignity of -design, closing in the view. The principal entrance to the Royal -Gunpowder Factory lies just to the left here, and much that is -picturesque and quaint will strike an observant eye on the way. The -diversity in character and style of the houses and shops, the -irregularity of their disposition, with their time-tinted exteriors, and -the bits of garden and splashes of verdant foliage, which break up the -line of bricks and mortar, timber and stucco, give the old street that -peculiar charm which is so often characteristic of an ancient town. - - -Romeland. - - -Just before the Abbey is reached, approached by a way that allows little -more room than is needful for a cart to pass, is an open square of very -old houses, a most picturesque corner of the old town, that bears the -somewhat curious appellation of Romeland. {12} How and why the place -came to be so called it is not easy to determine; but the abbots of -Waltham, whose seat was at Copt Hall, had their London house on or -adjacent to a site in the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill, adjoining what is -now Billingsgate Market, which was also called Romeland. To the rent of -this, as well as the market square at Waltham, the Pope laid claim, and -the latter was then known as Romescot or Peter’s Piece. It is to this -circumstance, probably, that the place owes its name. - -It was in the house of Master Cressy, a long-fronted structure, which -stands on the left of the entrance to Romeland, that, in 1533, Cranmer, -Fox, and Gardiner discussed the question of Henry’s divorce from -Katherine of Aragon. Then it was that Cranmer “struck the keynote of the -Reformation,” by claiming “for the Word of God that supremacy which had -been usurped by the popes for centuries.” Fuller refers to this as a -significant circumstance and says: “Thus did Waltham give Rome the first -deadly blow in England.” - - -A King’s Diversions. - - -Bluff King Hal was very partial to Waltham and enjoyed the hunting in the -forest. He frequently stayed at his house in the Romeland, still -standing at the north-east corner. There are many stories, often with -the “merry monarch” for a hero, connected with his patronage of Waltham. -One day he left his hunting companions and returned to Waltham in the -guise of one of his attendants, and, being invited to the abbot’s table, -ate heartily of the sirloin of beef placed before him, to the great -admiration of his host. “Well fare thy heart,” the latter toasted his -guest, “here is a cup of sack, and remember the grace of thy master. I -would willingly give one hundred crowns on condition that I could feed as -heartily on beef as thou dost! Alas! my weak stomach will hardly digest -the wing of a small rabbit or chicken.” The king pledged his host, and -thanked him; in due time he departed as secretly as he had come. A -little while after, the abbot was suddenly arrested and conveyed to the -Tower, where he was kept for some days on bread and water. Then a -sirloin of beef was set before him, of which he ate heartily. The king -entered in the midst of the meal, and demanded of his prisoner payment of -the hundred crowns, which, when the abbot recognised the trap into which -he had fallen, he gladly paid. - -On another occasion, when Henry was the guest of Sir Henry Colte, of -Nether Hall, Roydon, the latter provided a novel entertainment for his -royal guest. It is related that the knight and his men waylaid the monks -on Waltham marsh one dark night, having been informed by spies that they -were on a visit to Cheshunt nunnery, and, catching them in a buck stall -(a trap used for deer) left them wallowing in the mire until dawn. Then -the “knight of merry conceits” conducted his dejected captives to the -king, and presented them to his majesty as the splendid game he had been -able to secure. King Harry burst into a loud fit of laughter, and -declared that, though he had “often seen sweeter, he had never viewed -fatter venison.” - -The open space (Romeland), with its quaint high-gabled, stuccoed, and -red-brick houses, is a busy scene on Tuesdays, when the cattle market is -held here. On the eastern side, abutting upon the Abbey church, the -tower of which comes charmingly into view over the house tops, is the -ancient corn mill, which was given to the Abbey by Maud, Queen of Henry -I., in 1108, in exchange for the site of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. She also -restored to the Abbey certain lands, which had been alienated, known as -the Abbey fields, which stretch northward from here; and moreover -established two fairs for the town. - -Having so far diverged from the direct road to the Abbey, we may well go -a little further, taking a narrow roadway that runs by the mill leading -to the Abbey fields. - - -The Abbey Gateway. - - -At the termination of half a dozen or so of old houses and cottages, -there comes into view a bridge over the mill stream, giving access to a -beautiful arch, or rather pair of arches, known as the Abbey Gateway. -What remains of this once important structure, which formed the main -entrance to the Abbey and the abbot’s house, consists of the front only -of the old gateway, and comprises two ancient pointed arches, with a -tower on the south side (the corresponding tower on the north has -disappeared). At the spring of the main arch, on either side, are still -traceable the arms of Edward III. on a shield surmounted by an angel. -The gateway was originally approached by a drawbridge, and the porter’s -window in the tower which commanded this still exists. The entrance to -the old monastic buildings was by a pointed doorway in the south wall, -which extends from the gate, now bricked up. This handsome old gateway -also formed the entrance to the mansion erected by Sir Edward Denny, to -whom the abbot’s house was given by Elizabeth. He was the grandson of -Sir Anthony Denny, Chamberlain to Henry VIII., to whom much of the -ecclesiastical property of Waltham was given after the Dissolution. Sir -Edward Denny’s house, which was a large one in the characteristic -Elizabethan style (a central doorway and two projecting wings), is spoken -of by an old chronicler as being “beautiful to behold,” with a spacious -garden of a character “scarcely to be equalled by any private -gentleman’s.” - - [Picture: The Ancient bridge at Waltham Abbey, known as Harold’s Bridge. - A most interesting Architectural Relic] - -Higher up the Corn mill stream, in the Abbey fields, and bordering on the -“pool,” is another beautiful remnant of very early architecture, probably -contemporary with the Abbey church, known as Harold’s Bridge. Tradition -says that in early times this was the only passage across the stream, and -that not only Harold, but Tovi before him, used this bridge, when -proceeding into or from the royal forest of Waltham. It is a most -interesting architectural relic. There are still visible two of the five -beautiful ribs which originally adorned this fine arch. Recently steps -were taken to preserve this interesting monument of antiquity by -restoring the stonework forming the base of the bridge. The Abbey -farmhouse, with its picturesque Elizabethan front, which is said to have -formed the abbot’s stabling in mediæval times, stands to the north-east -of Harold’s Bridge. - - [Picture: Waltham. The Abbey Gateway] - - -The Abbey Church. - - -From the Abbey fields, the finest view of Harold’s noble minster is -obtained, and it is with feelings of pleasant anticipation that one -retraces one’s steps thereto, meditating on the way upon the many strange -and wondrous scenes that have been witnessed on the ground over which one -passes. As the eye wanders over the beautiful lines and the massive, -age-stained walls of the ancient church, the mind is impressed with its -grandeur and its significance as a vast page of England’s story. - -The Abbey church and town of Waltham Holy Cross alike owe their actual -foundation to Tovi the Proud, standard-bearer and chief counsellor to -Cnut, who, delighted by the fine opportunities for hunting which were -afforded by the number of deer running in the great forest of Waltham, -established a settlement here, and founded a convent. Hither, also, Tovi -brought from his manor of Lutegarsbury (Montacute), in Somerset, a -miraculous crucifix, and set it up in the church. The legend of this -Holy Cross, as told in the _De Inventione_ tract, and translated by -Lambarde, is a wonderfully interesting story. - - -The Legend of the Holy Cross. - - -It runs as follows: {17} “In the tyme that Kinge Cnut reigned in Ingland -theare lyved at a Place of the called comonly Lutegarsbyry, in French -Montague, a simple man by occupation a carpenter and by Office Sexton of -his parishe, to whom on a Night appeared a Vision of Christe Crucified -commaundinge him that as sone as Day brake he should goe to the parishe -priest and with him accompanied by his parishioners in solemne -processione to go up to the Toppe of the Hyll adjoyninge and to digge -wheare (if they would beforehand make theimselves by Confession, -Fastinge, and Praier worthy of suche a Revelacion) they should finde a -Crosse, the very sign of Christes passion. This plaine Man, supposinge -it a fantastical Dreame, tooke at first no great Head thereof, save that, -he imparted it with his Wife who also thought it but an Illusion. -Wherefore the Image appeared againe, and so griped him by the Hande that -the Dynt of the Nayles remayned in his Hand to be sene the Daye -followinge. Being thus pricked forwarde on he goeth to the Priest and -discloseth the hole matter. He arrayeth his Parishe, displayeth his -Banners, putteth on Copes and Surplas, and setteth the Carpenter foremost -as his Captaine, they digge awhile and anone they find a great Marble -havinge in it of black Flynt the Image of the Crucifixe so artificially -wroughte as if God himselfe (sayth myne Auteur) had framed it. Under the -right Arme of this Crucifixe thear was a small Image of the same Forme, a -litle Belle also, and a black Booke conteyninge the Text of the four -Evangelists. All this they signified to Tovi le Prude then Lord of the -Soyle, Standarde Bearer to the Kinge and his Chief Councelor, who came to -the place in great Hast and by the advice of his Gents lefte the smalle -cross in the Churche theare determyninge to bestow the greater in suche -Place as God should appointe. Forthewithe therefore he caused to be -yoked twelve red Oxen and so many white Kyne and layeth the Stone in a -Wayne myning if God so wille to cary it to Canterbyrye, but the Cattle -could not by any Force be compelled to draw thytherwarde. When he saw -that he changed his Mynde and bad theim dryve toward his House at -Readinge whearin he had great Delighte, but still the Wayne stode -immoveable notwithstandinge that the Oxen did thear best. At the Lengthe -he remembered a small House that he had begone to buyld at Waltham for -his Disporte and commanded them to make thytherward. Which words he had -no soner spoken but the Wayne of itselfe moved. Now in the way many -weare healed of many Infirmities; amongste the whiche threscore sixe -Parsons’ {18} vowed their labour towarde the Conveiance of this Crosse, -and weare the first Founders of Waltham Towne wheare was nothing before -but only a simple House for this Tovi to repose himself at when he came -thyther to hunte notwithstandinge that he had thereby divers Landes, as -Enfield, Edelmetun, Cetrehunt, Myms, and the hole Baronie that Goffrey of -Maundville the first of that name had. Now when the Crosse was broughte -thyther, Tovi commaunded it to be set up, and while one by Chaunce perced -it with a Nayle the Blood issued out of the Flinte in great Abundance. -Whereat Tovi beinge greatly amazed, fel downe and worshipped it promiseth -before it to manumittee {20} his Bondmen to bestow possession on such as -should deserve it.” - - [Picture: Waltham Abbey one hundred years ago. (Dr. Hughson’s “Circuit - of London,” 1808)] - -The cross gave its name to the place, and over a long series of years -attracted crowds of the devote, the maimed, and diseased to the place. -In 1192 the cross was covered with silver, but the figure of Christ was -left untouched by reason, it is surmised, of a remarkable incident that -had happened a few years previously. On that occasion, the crucifix -being under repair, Robert the Goldsmith, of St. Albans, removed the -circlet round the thigh, when all present were stricken blind for a -considerable time. - - -Harold’s Minster. - - -On the site of Tovi’s foundation Earl Harold, upon whom Waltham and vast -lands had been bestowed by Edward the Confessor, reared and endowed a -magnificent church, which he intended to rival in beauty and importance -King Edward’s abbey church at Westminster. The dean and twelve secular -Black canons who formed the ecclesiastical constitution of Harold’s -foundation, were amply provided for, each of the latter having a manor -and the dean six manors for his maintenance. In later times (1177) Henry -II., on the ground that the canons had grown wasteful and corrupt, -substituted for Harold’s foundation an Augustinian priory, then, seven -years later, raised this to the dignity of an Abbey, installing Walter de -Gaunt, of Oseney, as the first abbot. - -Harold’s church was splendidly adorned, in a manner that suggests, as the -late Bishop Stubbs observes, that the founder had been influenced by -Eastern art. Brazen plates, gilt, were spread over the walls, the -capitals and bases of the massive pillars were curiously carved and -wreathed with the gilded metal; the altar was enriched with elaborate -ornaments, the furniture, reliquaries, and vestments were provided on a -liberal scale. Numerous relics, in addition to the miraculous crucifix, -formed part of the endowment. The consecration of the church probably -took place on May 3, 1060, the Feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross, -which became one of the fair days under the charter of Matilda. -Kinsinge, Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony of consecration, -assisted by most of the English bishops. King Edward and his queen -Edith, sister of Harold, and the flower of the nobility, were present. - -It was here that, scarce six years later, Harold, on his return from -Stamford Bridge, had news of the Norman invasion. He stayed for the -night at his mansion in the park at Nazeing, still called Harold’s Park, -and on the morrow offered up prayers for his success in the Abbey. It is -recorded that the figure of the Saviour on the wondrous crucifix bowed -the head as if to express sorrow for his inevitable fate. He set out for -Senlac accompanied by two of the canons, who, if the omen were fulfilled, -were bidden to bring back with them the body of the founder. Harold’s -war-cry was “Holy Rood.” The canons, true to their trust, recovered the -king’s body, by the aid of Harold’s old love, Editha the “Swan-necked,” -and brought it to Waltham with all possible honours. Here the remains -were interred, being translated from time to time as alterations and -additions to the church necessitated (it was not finally completed until -1125), finding a final resting place near the great altar, about 140 feet -from the present east end of the church. Here a most beautiful and -imposing tomb was erected, but all that remains of this is a curious -piece of carved ironstone representing the face of a warrior, which, -after many vicissitudes, including its use as a fountain ornament, was -returned to the possession of the church a few years ago, and now reposes -on the tomb of Robert Smith in the chancel. - -To the antiquary, the student, and the lover of all that is beautiful in -architecture, the ancient minster offers a boundless store of interest. -In the course of his scholarly observations upon the architecture and -history of the abbey church the late Professor Freeman says: “Barbarous -mutilations and hardly less barbarous additions have entirely destroyed -its character, as seen from without, and even within, both mediæval -alterations of the strangest kind and the accumulated enormities of more -recent days have gone far to ruin the general effect of the original -building. Still a large portion of the original interior remains -untouched; an interior deserving attentive study as one of the noblest -specimens of Northern Romanesque, and invested with a yet higher interest -if we may regard it as called into being by the taste and bounty of the -last of our native kings.” - -The noble edifice was cruciform in plan, with a nave and aisles (all that -now remain), choir, and central tower. The spring of one of the great -arches upon which this latter stood, is plainly visible at the present -east end. This tower fell in 1552, doubtless owing to the destruction of -the choir, and the present western tower was erected about five years -later out of the fragments. The nave consists of seven bays, and is 109 -feet long from east to west, by 55 feet wide, and from the floor to the -beautifully painted ceiling, the work of Sir E. J. Poynter, is a height -of 52 feet. Upon the great pillars that support the arches will be -noticed the spiral and chevron indenting, originally filled with chased -and gilt metal. In some places the rivet holes are still discernible. -The aisles were originally vaulted, and the triforium passage above was -lighted by the circular windows that will be noticed. There are three -tiers of arches: the nave or arcade, the triforium, and the clerestory. -The Rev. J. H. Stamp, in his excellent little history of Waltham, says of -the plan and design of the church that whilst the cruciform plan was -significant of Christ crucified, the twelve pillars represented the -apostles, and the three tiers of arches the Holy Trinity. - - [Picture: The interior of the Abbey Church, Waltham. Drawn by Duncan - Moul] - -The wonderful grandeur and nobility of the interior can well be -appreciated by standing just within the tower and viewing the “long-drawn -aisles” through the great western arch. This arch formed part of the -scheme of restoration and rebuilding which took place at the latter end -of the thirteenth century, when the original Norman doorway was removed -and a grand Decorated west front substituted. This had two turrets on -each side, terminating in octagonal pinnacles of fine proportions and -design, and a beautiful Decorated window appears to have been inserted -over the arch. Unfortunately, the present tower obscures much of this -thirteenth century work. With this scheme of rebuilding, which was -instigated by Abbot Reginald and carried out by his successors, Abbots -Hugh and Robert, is associated a curious and unfortunate defacement or -destruction of a portion of the beautiful Norman arcading. There will be -noticed on either side of the church, near the west end, a high Gothic -arch, sadly out of harmony with the remaining arcading. It is said that -the architect who was first engaged upon the restoration work was -demented, and set about transforming the architectural character of the -church. He removed the elegant filling-in of the triforium and cut away -the lower Norman arches, and after having thus mutilated two tiers of -arches on each side, began upon the third tier on the north side, but was -happily stopped in his crazy efforts by the interference of the abbot, -and his peremptory dismissal. It is to his successor that we owe the -beautiful western doorway and front. This restoration scheme also -included the adornment of the interior with beautiful frescoes, signs of -which are still slightly visible on one or two of the arches. - - -Relics and Monuments. - - -Within the tower of the church are preserved the old stocks and -whipping-post, together with the pillory, which formerly stood on the -site now occupied by the new municipal buildings. In the vestry are also -preserved a number of interesting relics, including a pilgrim’s bottle -and the massive blade of a battle-axe which, tradition avers, was -Harold’s. - -There are many monuments and numerous interesting tablets and memorials. - -Of the monuments the most noticeable is the tomb of Sir Edward Denny and -his wife Margaret, in the chancel. The knight is represented in armour -lying on his left side, the figure of his wife reclining below; their ten -children are carved in relief, in attitudes of prayer, upon the panel -beneath. This Edward Denny was the comrade of Spenser, the poet, and Sir -Philip Sidney, and the captor of the rebel Earl of Desmond. - -Near by stands the effigy of Lady Elizabeth Greville, first cousin to -Lady Jane Grey, widow of Henry Denny (son of Sir Anthony Denny) and wife -of Sir Edward Greville, third son of the ancestor of the present Earl of -Warwick. This effigy is all that remains of an elegant tomb of -alabaster, which formerly stood to the north of the altar. - -On the opposite side of the chancel, near the organ, stands the marble -tomb of Robert Smith, a wealthy seaman of the seventeenth century. The -magnificent choir which was so ruthlessly demolished by Henry VIII. at -the Dissolution contained, in addition to the tomb of the founder, the -handsome sarcophagi of Baron Hugh Nevil, Lord High Justice of England, -temp. Richard I.; Archdeacon Passelew, and numerous abbots, earls, and -knights. - -There are three mural brasses on the south wall, one being to the memory -of Edward Stacey, one of the lay pensioners of the monastery at the time -of the Dissolution, and another to Thomas Colte, second son of Sir John -Colte, of Nether Hall, Roydon. - -The remains of the old choir screen, a beautiful example of carpentry and -carving; the ancient Purbeck marble font; the handsome reredos, and the -fine rose window above; the marks of the chain that once held the great -Bible, on one of the pillars, and many other features are here to -interest the visitor. The handsome stained glass in the Rose window, -depicting the Creation, and the three lights under the arch were designed -by the late Sir Edward Burne-Jones. - -Nor must the beautiful Lady Chapel (the only chapel remaining of five -that were originally attached to the church) be forgotten. This dates -its foundation from 1316, and is by some regarded as one of the richest -specimens of mediæval architecture in England. Its window tracery is -certainly very elegant, though this has undergone considerable -restoration. The interior was originally adorned with statuary and -frescoes, a painting of the Last Judgment occupying the east wall. -Traces of this ancient and curious representation are still discernible. -The remains of the old piscina are also still in existence. Of the crypt -beneath, Thomas Fuller, who, by the way, was for many years incumbent -here, quaintly speaks as being “the finest that I ever saw.” - - -The greatness of the Abbey. - - -Having feasted the eye and the mind on the many beautiful and interesting -features of the ancient fane, one may rest beneath the aged elm tree in -the churchyard, and meditate upon the circumstance that this magnificent -edifice is but a third portion of Harold’s minster, and that only a -fragment of the old monastery which grew up around it in mediæval times, -forming a vast congregation of stately buildings, now remains; that just -as the physical characteristics of the Abbey and its minster were vast -and important, so were its landed possessions, which stretched out far -and wide on all sides; that the immensity of its wealth was such that at -the time of the Dissolution the gross revenue amounted to £1,079 12s. -1d., representing about £15,000 at the present day; whilst the potency of -the abbots, who were mitred and sat in Parliament, was great, and the -splendour of their respective establishments was upon a generous scale. -Some of these abbots, of whom there were thirty in all, were great in the -best sense of the word, and exercised their potency for the good of the -Abbey and the community towards which they stood in the joint relation of -spiritual and temporal overlords. - - -A Feudal Abbot. - - -One of these particularly was a man of vigorous character and determined -spirit, who, “in asserting the rights and privileges of the monastery -during his rule, came into collision with parishioners, neighbours, pope, -and king.” First, differences appear to have arisen between the -parishioners and the abbot as to the former having right of access to the -central tower and bells, which they had enjoyed under Harold’s -foundation. The abbot accordingly shut out the people from this and the -choir (the monastic part of the church) by erecting a stone screen or -wall immediately behind the altar of the parish church (the present -nave). This wall is clearly observable from the outside beneath the Rose -window at the east end, and in this will be seen traces of two doorways -with which it was pierced to allow the dean or parish priest to enter and -minister to the people. There would seem to have been reprisals on the -part of the parishioners, for a little later they disputed the abbot’s -rights of grazing on the marsh, and, resorting to violence, severely -assaulted the keepers and killed the abbot’s horses. For this the -offenders suffered the double penalty of being heavily fined by the -justices of the King’s Bench and excommunicated by the abbot. The -latter, however, did not enforce either, and forgave the erring ones. -Next Abbot Simon was at war with the lord of the manor of Cheshunt, -Peter, Duke of Savoy, who claimed all the land west of the main stream of -the Lea—called the King’s stream—whilst the abbot contended that his -jurisdiction extended to the smaller stream half a mile further west. -The lawsuit which ensued was, as old Fuller says, “as long lived as any -in England,” by reason of “the greatness of the clients”; but it was -finally concluded in favour of the abbot. This occurred in 1248, and -three years later the doughty abbot was setting the pope at defiance by -protesting against the persecution, oppression, and robbery of the -conventual churches by the bishops and legates. Twice also Abbot Simon -successfully resisted the extortionate demands of the king, and -stubbornly refused to enrich the royal treasury at the expense of the -monastery. - -I am afraid I have rather digressed from the main purpose of this little -work in relating some of the deeds of this sturdy abbot, but I think the -brief relation of these may be of some interest as an illustration of the -social and religious conditions of Waltham in mediæval times and of the -wonderful power wielded by these old ecclesiastical potentates. - - -A Conventual Relic. - - -Now to resume the broken thread. The remaining fragment of the -conventual buildings to which I have alluded above consists of a -beautiful little chamber, often spoken of as “an architectural gem,” -which stands in the Abbey gardens. It is locally known by the -undignified appellation of the “potato cellar,” due to its irreverent use -in modern times. It consists of a small longitudinal apartment, with a -beautifully groined ceiling and quadripartite vaulting. It is 29 feet -long, running north and south, and has two doorways, one of which is -blocked up. It is considered to have been either the fratry or an -antechamber to the abbot’s mansion, in which the monks assembled -preparatory to the procession to the church. - -One passes from the churchyard to the market-place—another interesting -corner of the old town—by an ancient lych-gate, adjacent to the Harp Inn, -which is peculiarly interesting as being probably the oldest existing -relic of domestic architecture directly connected with the Abbey, and has -from very early times formed the main entrance to the church. - -Turning sharp to the left, into Sun Street, one is soon in the old main -road that runs from London, by Walthamstow, Chingford, and Sewardstone, -to Nazeing, Roydon, etc. To the left, round by the New Inn, the fine old -wall of the Abbey gardens comes into view, and midway along its extent -will be noticed the sign of the cross and a lozenge (probably a sign -indicative of the Trinity) inserted in black brick. The remains of the -moat, which, with the mill stream, completely surrounded the Abbey, will -also be seen. - -Retracing our steps towards London, a few yards beyond the entry of Sun -Street, will be noticed an old house jutting upon the street, with stucco -and “roughcast” exterior, the entrance to which is by a gate in the -adjoining garden wall. This was the home of John Foxe, the -martyrologist, and here he wrote the famous “Book of Martyrs.” It is -said that Cranmer also occupied this house when resident in Waltham. Its -interior presents many interesting features. In the garden is a tulip -tree, which is probably a descendant of a fine specimen of this arboreal -rarity, which flourished for centuries in the old Abbey gardens. This -tree is said to have been one of the largest and finest of its kind in -all England. Its fame is perpetuated by two finely carved chairs, made -out of the wood of the old tree, which stand within the sacrarium of the -Abbey church. - - [Picture: The home of Foxe the martyrologist at Waltham] - - - -CHAPTER II. -A RAMBLE TO EPPING FOREST AND HIGH BEECH. - - -FROM Foxe’s house it is a pleasant walk to Epping Forest and High Beech. -The way is by Farm Hill (almost opposite Foxe’s house) to Brookside, -thence sharp to the right over the bridge, and up the hill by the old -windmill for a little more than half a mile, to the hamlet known as Honey -lane, where the margin of the fine old forest, the heights of which will -have been viewed on the way, opens out. We turn up by the covered well -and trough into Honey lane itself. Those who may prefer to ensure a -right direction may keep to the roadway, which strikes up the hill -through the forest, and, bearing sharp to the left and right -respectively, leads direct to High Beech. It is more pleasant, perhaps, -to wander through the woodland, and such as would prefer to do this may -strike across the plain to the left of the bridge over the stream, -following the line of the watercourse, then, taking a break in the -thicket that will be found, a clear way called the Verderer’s Path will -soon be entered. Pursuing this to the right (south), we come out at the -top of the hill in Honey lane, near a cyclists’ caution board, and the -way to High Beech, the spire of the church being clearly noticeable, is -then straight along the road. Many a charming peep over the Lea Valley -will have been enjoyed on the way, but from High Beech Plain a panorama -of superb beauty is opened out to view. Those who have hitherto regarded -the home counties of Essex, Middlesex, and Herts as poor, flat, and -featureless parts of our England will be agreeably surprised at the rich -beauty of the landscape which this view of the Lea Valley affords. - - -Tennyson’s home. - - -It was a scene that the late Lord Tennyson, who resided for some years at -Beech Hill Park here, which lies a little to the west of the King’s Oak -Inn, loved and admired, as he also reverenced the ancient town and -minster of Waltham. It was the sonorous bells of Harold’s church that -inspired the beautiful lines of “In Memoriam”: - - “Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky.” - -His noble drama of “Harold,” too, doubtless owes its inception to the -poet’s residence in and intimate connection with this locality. High -Beech church lies a little beyond the King’s Oak Inn and the plain; it is -a modern building in the Gothic style. - -From the church we retrace our steps to the inn named, and make the -historic earthworks known as Ambresbury Banks or Camp (a bee line of -about two miles) our next objective. The road continues beyond the -junction with Honey lane, whence we came, then bears to the right on to -the Wake Arms Inn and the main Epping road, a little less than a mile -along which brings us to the camp, this lying on the east side of the -road. But there is a very pleasant way thither through the heart of the -forest, which I will endeavour to describe. Here, however, I would -suggest that all who wish to enjoy the real beauty of the forest in this -way should take the precaution to carry a reliable compass, for it is -very easy to become confused about the geographical circumstances of -one’s surroundings among the wood and thicket. - -We turn off across the open plain to the right, about 300 yards beyond -the King’s Oak Inn, where will be found a track or walk, which at times -is rather indistinct. Follow this for about half a mile, then turn sharp -to the right (east) through the glade into the valley, skirting the swamp -and Wake Valley ponds (leaving these to the north) on to the main road. -Here we turn to the left and continue to the Wake Arms Inn. Thence the -Theydon road (opposite) is taken, down Jack’s Hill for about half a mile, -and when the Verderers’ Ride is noticed on the left, this is followed to -Ambresbury Banks. This route will take the wanderer through parts of the -forest that are almost unfrequented, where oak and beech and hornbeam -flourish in all their wild grandeur; where many of the fungi and lichens, -for which the forest is so noted, will be met with, as well as many -beautiful flowering plants, rare-winged insects, and most of the birds, -so large and representative a number of which make their home in the -forest. Nor is it at all unlikely that a herd of the forest deer will be -seen, for these graceful creatures generally resort to this part. Upon -the walk one’s mind almost naturally reverts to the days when this 5,000 -odd acres of woodland, now the “people’s playground,” was a mere morsel -of the great forest of Waltham, an almost boundless tract of wild forest -land, which formed the favourite hunting ground for the Saxon, Norman, -Plantagenet, and Tudor kings. - -Of Ambresbury Camp, which we have now attained, much has been said and -written in dispute as to its origin. There, however, seems to be little -doubt that it formed an important British earthwork, and, despite all -that has been said to the contrary, it is extremely probable that it -formed the final stronghold of Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, from which -she and her vast army of Britons issued forth to do battle with the Roman -legions under Suetonius Paulinus, and suffered that terrible defeat of -which history tells us. This is a spot, therefore, that awakens solemn -thoughts. - - -Copt Hall and Upshire. - - -The road back to Waltham turns out of the Epping highway directly -opposite the camp, and takes us by the main entrance and lodges of Copt -Hall, once the stately seat of the abbots of Waltham, who frequently -entertained royal heads, potent princes, and great nobles here. Robert -Fuller, the last abbot, surrendered the beautiful mansion and domain to -Henry VIII. at the Dissolution. In later times Copt Hall was the -residence of the Princess Mary, subsequently the seat of the Earl of -Middlesex, patron of old Thomas Fuller, and is now held by the Wythes -family. Half a mile further on we enter the pretty hamlet of Upshire, -with its broad expanse of green and pretty little church, built a year or -two ago by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., lord of the manor, whose fine -domain of Warlies stretches far away over the undulating country to the -north. The entrance to Warlies is passed at the bottom of the hill. -Thence the way is by a pleasant country road, running through fields and -pastures, with here and there a farm-house or a group of cottages, to -Waltham Abbey again. - - [Picture: The Eleanor Cross at Waltham] - - - -CHAPTER III. -WALTHAM CROSS AND THEOBALDS - - -WALTHAM CROSS, which is not to be confounded with Waltham Holy Cross, -commonly called Waltham Abbey, for whilst the latter is in Essex, the -former is in Hertfordshire, and forms part of the parish of Cheshunt. To -reach Waltham Cross, the visitor must retrace his steps towards the -railway, and passing over this, the historic monument, which stands at -the junction with the old Great North Road—is reached by a walk of five -minutes’ duration. - -Waltham Cross was one of the several similar monuments erected to the -memory of Queen Eleanor by her devoted husband, Edward I. She died at -Herdby, near Grantham, on November 12, 1290, whence her remains were -conveyed to Westminster for interment by stages which were marked by ten -crosses. Of these only the crosses at Geddington, Northampton, and -Waltham remain. - -Waltham Cross has long been admired as an elegant specimen of Early -English or Middle Pointed architecture. It is hexagonal in form, and -consists of three handsome stages or storeys, each terminated by an -embattled frieze, whilst the angles are respectively supported by a -graduated buttress, ornamented with foliated finials. Within the panels -of the lower storey are shields bearing the arms of England, Castile, and -Leon and Poictou; whilst statues of Queen Eleanor occupy niches on the -second storey. - - -The Four Swans Inn. - - -Each corner of the road that here debouches upon the main high road is -occupied by an inn, that nearer London being the Falcon, and the other -the Four Swans. Both are survivals of that period of prosperity when the -coaches between London and Cambridge sped along the road. Whilst, -however, the Falcon has been rebuilt in recent times—a work which made -possible the widening of the roadway and the preservation of the -Cross—the Four Swans retains very much of its old-time glory, and its -sign is still stretched across the main street, forming an advertisement -of such a conspicuous character as would not be admissible now-a-days. -The interior of this inn possesses many of those interesting features -which are generally attached to old coaching and posting houses, and in -its oldest portion is a handsome Jacobean staircase. Its foundation, -however, dates far beyond even coaching days, for the house originally -formed part of the possessions of the Abbey, of which it was a guest -house, whilst the Abbot’s manorial court was held here. The oldest part -of the house is that to the left of the gateway on entering, and it is -highly probable that the suite of rooms in which the tenants -assembled—described by Dr. Stukeley in 1752 as being “where the chimneys -are”—were contained in this wing, whilst the older portion of the -spacious apartment over the gateway, now used as a masonic hall, formed -the abbot’s court-room. At other times the place was used for the -lodgement of pilgrims and similar purposes. The sign of the Four Swans, -the only one that I have met with, is derived from the arms of Earl -Harold, whose shield had emblazoned upon it a cross with four swans. - - [Picture: The Eleanor Cross, showing detail of carving. From - “Picturesque Hertfordshire.” Drawn by Duncan Moul] - - [Picture: Theobalds, formerly the favourite residence of King James I.] - - -Theobalds. - - -With the Abbey, the Cross, and the Four Swans Inn we leave behind us, it -may be said, associations with and monuments of mediæval times, and enter -upon the later, but no less stirring epoch of English history which is -marked by the Tudor, Jacobean, and Commonwealth periods, by a visit to -the historic seat of Theobalds, or Tibbles, as it is locally called. The -entrance to the park is from the high road, close to Theobalds Grove -Station on the Great Eastern Railway branch line to Cheshunt. As one -saunters through the long leafy aisle, there comes to mind the reference -to this famous seat and its locality in old Izaak Walton’s famous -classic, the “Complete Angler,” wherein the angler, the hunter, and the -falconer, each commends his recreation; Piscator avows his intention of -going “this fine, fresh May morning,” as far as Ware, whereupon Venator -says his purpose is to “drink my morning draught at the Thatched House, -Hoddesdon,” and Anceps rejoins: “Sir, I shall, by your favour, bear you -company as far as Theobalds, and there leave you; for then I turn up to a -friend’s house, who mews a hawk for me, which I now long to see.” The -present house of Theobalds, which is the seat of Lady Meux, is modern, -having been erected in 1768, and, though large, is not beautiful. A view -of the house and gardens can be obtained by taking the footpath on the -left, running along the bank of the New River, the stream being widened -into a lake here, and creating a very pretty feature of the Park lands. - -[Picture: Temple Bar. In its new home, at the main entrance to Theobalds - Park] - -The main entrance to the house is by the famous Temple Bar, which stands -a little further along the drive from which the path has been taken. A -more beautiful setting for Wren’s wonderful gateway it would scarcely be -possible to conceive or create, and I know not another gateway entrance -to a private park or domain throughout the country that is more beautiful -than this. The nobility of its lines, the grandeur of the design, and -the beauty of the stone are here all thrown into wonderful relief by the -rich green of the foliage which forms the setting of the gate. One -cannot help wondering what Dr. Johnson, or Sir Joshua Reynolds, or -Charles Lamb, to all of whom the old gate that marked the western -boundary of the city was familiar, would have said if they could have -seen it transported to its present position. They were all ardent lovers -of the town, and would certainly have lamented its loss from their Fleet -Street. The Doctor would probably have said, “Sir! it is a vile outrage -upon the City of London.” Yet I think their artistic perceptions would -have compelled them to admit that its new home endowed it with a grandeur -that it never before possessed. - -Theobalds and its immediate vicinity is very rich in historic incidents. -With it are associated the lives and deeds of Cardinal Wolsey, the great -Lord Burleigh, Queen Elizabeth, James I., Charles I., the Cromwells, and -others. - -Theobalds formed one of the six manors into which was parcelled the -parish of Cheshunt, which itself at the time of the Conquest formed a -manor in the Honour of Richmond, conferred upon Earl Alan by his uncle, -William the Conqueror. The origin of the name is unknown, but in 1441 we -find the manor of Theobalds was granted by the Crown to the hospital of -St. Anthony, in London. About the middle of the sixteenth century it was -conferred upon William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burleigh, Secretary of -State to Edward VI. and Elizabeth. In July, 1564, the queen paid her -trusty counsellor a visit here, and was so pleased with her reception and -the beauty of the place, that she expressed her intention of returning -hither at a future date. Cecil accordingly demolished the old grange and -erected a spacious and handsome mansion for her majesty’s reception. - -A contemporary biographer of Cecil has pertinently observed, “He buylt -three houses; one in London for necessity, another at Burghley, of -computency for the mansion of his Barony, and another at Waltham for his -younger sonne, which at the first he meant but for a little pile, as I -have hard him saie, but after he came to enterteyne the Quene so often -there he was inforced to enlarge it, rather for the Quene and her greate -traine and to sette poore on worke, than for pompe or glory, for he ever -said it wold be to big for the smalle living he cold leave his sonne.” -The same author also says Cecil “greatlie delighted in making gardens, -fountaines, and walkes, which at Theobalds were perfected most costly, -bewtyfully and pleasauntly, while one might walk twoe myle in the walkes -before he came to their ends.” - -Norden has remarked of Cecil’s new house: “To speake of the state and -beauty thereof at large as it deserveth for curious Buildings, -delightfull walkes and pleasaunt conceits within and without and other -Thinges very glorious and elegant to be seene, would challenge a great -portion of this little treatise, and therefore leaste I should come short -of that one commendation that it deserveth, I leave it as indeede it is, -a princely seate.” - -Vallens, in his “Tale of Two Swannes” (1590) also pays a graceful tribute -to Cecil and old Theobalds in the following lines: - - “Now see these Swannes, the new and worthy seate - Of famous Cecil, tresorer of the land, - Whose wisdome, counsell, skill of princes’ state - The world admires; then Swannes may do the same: - The house it selfe doth shewe the owner’s wit, - And may for beautie, state and every thing, - Compared be with most within the land.” - - - -James I. and Theobalds. - - -Lord Burleigh was succeeded in 1598 by his second son, Robert, first Earl -of Salisbury, who here entertained James I. for four days on his way from -Scotland to London to take possession of the throne, as well as the Lords -of the Council, who were here to do homage to the son of Mary, Queen of -Scots. In July, 1606, James again visited the earl at Theobalds, -together with the King of Denmark, and their majesties were entertained -with great magnificence during a stay of five days. The account of the -proceedings related by a contemporary chronicler furnishes us with an -interesting if not very edifying glimpse into the ways and manners of -Court life in the seventeenth century. Much of the period of their -majesties’ stay at Theobalds appears to have been occupied by a series of -masques and debauches. At one of the pageants the King of Denmark -represented Solomon, and a lady of the Court, in the character of the -Queen of Sheba, proceeded to perform her part by laying gifts at the -monarch’s feet. She had, however, imbibed so freely of the fine wines -supplied from the Cecil cellar that she was unable to retain her balance, -and fell, sprawling, into the lap of the king. Rising from his -magnificent throne, the latter attempted to dance with the “fallen” -queen, but the royal legs being as unsteady as those of the lady, the -twain cut a sorry sight, and his majesty had to be carried away -ignominiously to his chamber. “Now did appear,” writes the chronicler, -who would seem to have been one of the guests, “Faith, Hope, and Charity. -Hope did essay to speak, but wine did render her endeavours so feeble -that she withdrew. Faith was then all alone, for I am certain she was -not joined by Good Works, and left the Court in a staggering condition. -Charity came then to the king’s feet, and soon returned to Hope and -Faith, who were both sick in the lower hall.” - -So delighted was King Jamie with Theobalds and the hunting afforded by -its domain, as well as in the adjoining Enfield Chase and Waltham Forest, -that he prevailed upon the noble owner to exchange it for Hatfield, and -the latter has since that time (1608) remained the home of the Cecils. -The king enlarged the park of Theobalds, which he enclosed with a wall -ten miles in circumference. He passed nearly all his leisure here, and -died at Theobalds on March 25, 1625. - -Charles I. also received homage at Theobalds upon his succession to the -throne, but he had not that affection for the place which his father -displayed. He retired hither, however, at the end of 1641, or beginning -of 1642, to escape the unpleasantness of State affairs, and in February -of the latter year here received the solemn remonstrance of Parliament. -Hence he set out a month later, with a body of adherents, to raise the -Royal Standard at Nottingham. It is by some stated that the unfortunate -king wrote a portion of the “Eikon Basilike” at Theobalds. - -That strange passion for destruction which possessed Cromwell and the -Parliamentarians moved these ignorant sectarians to destroy the handsome -palace reared by Lord Burleigh, and enlarged and beautified by James I.; -its rich contents were dispersed, and its beautiful gardens ruthlessly -destroyed. - -Charles II. bestowed the manor of Theobalds upon General Monk—for the -consideration of £12,067 6s. 8d.—and created him Duke of Albemarle. It -descended to the Duke of Montagu, and later to the Cromwell family, then -with the estate of Cheshunt Park to the Russells, subsequently became the -property of Sir George Prescott, and finally was purchased by the late -Sir Henry Meux, Bart. In 1712, when Sir Thomas Abney lived at Theobalds, -he persuaded Dr. Isaac Watts to retire hither. During his thirty-six -years’ residence here the learned divine wrote his famous hymns and -songs, and died in 1748 at the age of seventy-four. - - - -CHAPTER IV. -CHESHUNT AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. - - -OLD Cheshunt village is a little less than a mile north of Theobalds by -the road that turns up the hill, opposite Temple Bar, to Bury Green, -thence leaving the cemetery on the left. A pleasant old-fashioned inn, -where the magisterial business was dispensed for many years, and a small -cluster of houses form the old village to-day, with Cheshunt College, a -foundation by Selina Countess of Huntingdon, for the training of -Nonconformist ministers, hard by, and the fine old parish church reposing -in its ample “God’s Acre,” opposite. But in quite recent times the -builder has been busy in this locality, and at the bottom of the village -a good many houses of the suburban villa type have been erected. The -most populous part of Cheshunt has grown up along either side of the high -road, here known as Cheshunt Street, nearly half a mile distant, -eastward, leaving the old village isolated, as it were. But it was here -that stood the fine old mansions for which the parish was once famed, -grouped around and about the church. Of these more presently. Meantime -a walk may profitably be taken along Church Gate, whence proceeding -between some handsome old sixteenth century houses, with overhanging -fronts, one steps into a street or lane that wears a most charming air of -antiquity. At the bottom is the old Free school, founded by Robert -Dewhurst in 1640, the building forming an interesting example of the -domestic Tudor-Jacobean transition style. - - -A strange Custom. - - -Cheshunt is the modernised form of the Roman Cestrehunt. A British -encampment is said to have existed here, a little to the west of the -ancient Ermine Street, upon the track of which the high road now runs. -What may be the remains of this exist in a field lying on the west of the -churchyard and close to the cemetery. It is also recorded that a bank or -earthen wall extended in early times through this parish, which is -believed to have been the boundary of the East Saxons. In connection -with this bank a curious custom exists. By this, if a copyholder dies -seised of land on the west, or above bank, the right of succession falls -to the eldest son, but if it is below the bank then to the youngest son. - - [Picture: In the village at Cheshunt] - -Cheshunt parish is an extensive one, and its physical aspect wonderfully -varied, with a richly wooded undulating surface. There are many elevated -situations from 300 to 354 feet above sea-level, and from most of these -beautiful views of the surrounding country are to be enjoyed. The -district, too, abounds in charming walks, and field paths are numerous. -Large areas are devoted to fruit culture, roses, horticultural nurseries, -and market gardens. Quite a feature of the place are the extensive rose -nurseries of Messrs. Paul and Son in the high road, and these are well -worthy a visit by lovers of flowers, to whom they are at all times -accessible. - -It was to old Pengelly House, which stood in its spacious grounds (now -built over), opposite Cheshunt College, that Richard Cromwell, the -deposed Protector, retired after his return from the Continent in 1680. -He spent his remaining days here as the guest of Sergeant Pengelly, -afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in the name of Clarke. - - -Cheshunt Great House. - - -A little beyond the old village, on the road that runs to Goff’s Oak and -Cheshunt Common—a beautiful breezy height—stands a structure that strikes -one as odd in form and character. It is isolated and alone, occupying a -slight elevation, and little conjecture is needed to recognise this as -the remains of an old moated mansion. It is known as the Great House, -and believed to have originally been the Palace of Waltham, of which -ancient records speak, and later served as the seat of the lord of the -manor of St. Andrews-le-Motte. The foundations of this structure are by -some authorities considered to date back to the fifteenth century, and a -well-known local antiquary asserts that it was built 1380–90, as the -palace for Cardinal Henry Beaufort, second son of John of Gaunt. The -original house was a quadrangular Gothic building, surrounded by a moat, -of which traces are clearly discernible. A considerable portion of the -structure was demolished in 1801. The Great House long formed a dower -palace of the queens of England, and in 1519 was granted to Cardinal -Wolsey. - - [Picture: Cheshunt Great House] - -Though it is difficult to be precise and certain about the history of -this interesting old building, there can be no doubt about its being a -very old foundation, and having formed part of a large and important -domestic structure. The great hall, which is the chief feature of the -remains, is a very noble apartment, and must belong to a period earlier -than the Tudors. It is 27 feet long by 21 feet wide, with a height of 36 -feet to the centre of the arched roof. This is supported by ribs of -chestnut wrought in the Gothic style. The sides are wainscoted, and the -floor is paved with black and white marble. On the walls hang numerous -portraits of kings and queens, statesmen, and others, most of them -attributed to great masters. All I should like to say about them is that -as portraits many are interesting. There are also some examples of chain -and other armour and various weapons of war, as well as some curious -pieces of furniture, said to have belonged to the mighty Cardinal. -Several other apartments are open to visitors, and in one is a quaint -rocking-horse reported to have belonged to Charles I., who was, of -course, frequently at Theobalds in the days of his childhood. Grim and -tragic stories are told about the underground chambers of this old place. - - -Cheshunt Church. - - -The handsome old parish church of St. Mary’s, which is seen from the -Great House, pleasantly and serenely ensconced amid rich arboreal -surroundings, is reached by a path through the fields opposite. Though -its foundation dates back to a period anterior to the Conquest, for the -church then existing was presented to the canon of the priory of Fulgar, -in Brittany, by Constance, daughter of William of Normandy, the present -church is a building of the sixteenth century, in the early Perpendicular -or Transition style. It was erected by Nicholas Dixon, Clerk of the Pipe -Office and Baron of the Exchequer, who held the Rectory, temp. Henry VI. -Like many another parish church this of Cheshunt has undergone numerous -alterations and additions, ill-planned restorations and barbaric -effacements, but the survival is a beautiful building, of noble -proportions and of no slight architectural interest. Perhaps its most -noticeable feature is the fine stone and flint embattled tower, with an -octagon cupola at the south-east corner. This probably replaced the -spire which originally graced the tower, and from a date on the lead -beneath would seem to have been erected in 1811. From another angle -formerly projected a cresset, very similar to that on Hardley Church, -near Barnet. The precise use of these old beacon lights on churches -seems not to be very clear, but they were probably used as signals of -alarm in troublous times. - - [Picture: The Parish Church, Cheshunt] - -Few who enter this church by the handsome doorway at the base of the -tower, the armorial ornamentation of which is worthy notice, will fail to -admire the view which is afforded when standing beneath the noble western -arch of the lower wall, by the handsome nave and chancel, lighted by a -clerestory, and closed in by an open timber roof, the latter beautifully -painted. There is a good deal to interest one within the church. There -will be noticed a modern Rood screen across the chancel front, and -originally there existed a very handsome screen of this character, access -to which was gained by a small staircase on the southern side, which was -clumsily demolished at the restoration in 1872. In the chancel pavement -is a brass to Nicholas Dixon, the founder, whilst a Gothic altar tomb of -Purbeck marble occupies a recess in the north wall. The latter is to the -memory of Robert Dacres, of Cheshunt, Privy Councillor to Henry VIII. -Other notable monuments are those of Sir Henry Atkins, physician to James -I. and Charles, Daniel Dodson and Margaret Lady Whatton, whose virtues -are thus recited: - - “Fair as an Angel, virtuous as a saint, - Whose beauty and whose grace no art can paint, - Highly belov’d by all and so admir’d, - As much bewail’d when she from hence retir’d, - Her soul so pure from earth to Heaven soar’d, - There to enjoy the God she here enjoy’d,” etc. - -Between the nave and chancel on either side is a curious ornamental -opening pierced through the wall. What purpose these served it is hard -to determine. In the tower chamber, which has a beautiful vaulted roof, -is the ancient octagonal font of Purbeck marble, as well as the very old -alms chest or poor man’s box, with three fine hasps and locks, and -strongly bonded with iron. In the churchyard stand a large square tomb, -the burial place of the Cromwell family for several generations. - -The Cromwells held Cheshunt Park, which lies a little less than a mile -north of the church, beyond Flamstead End. This pleasant little hamlet -would seem by its name to furnish another link with Saxon times, for -Flamstead in Anglo-Saxon would mean “place of refuge.” - -The manor of Cheshunt Park originally belonged to the Crown, but was -purchased by Sir William Cecil in 1570, and became merged in the manor of -Theobalds. It was seized with other Crown lands by the Parliament in -1650, and then leased to William Groff. Thence it passed to the -Cromwells and Russells. Mrs. Russell was the last person who bore at -birth the name of Cromwell, through direct male descent. Her father, -Oliver, great-grandson of Henry, son of the Protector, was very desirous -of leaving his name to his son-in-law, and applied several times for the -royal licence for Mr. Russell to assume it. But the king, George III., -always refused, saying, “No! no! No more Oliver Cromwells!” There is a -plan of the park made in connection with a survey in 1611, in the British -Museum, and it is therein stated to be “in length just 3 myles and in -circuit along the paile 8 myle lack 30 poles.” - -At the northern extremity of the parish, along the high road, lies the -hamlet of Turnford, still a picturesque little spot, though now given -over to the builder and market gardener. Scores of acres of glasshouses -exist here. In early times, however, the famous nunnery of the -Benedictines extended along the eastern side of the road here. At the -Dissolution this, with other lands in the parish, fell into the -possession of that “old land grabber,” as a Herts antiquary has dubbed -Sir Anthony Denny. Nothing now remains of the nunnery. - -Cheshunt Street contains a good many interesting examples of old domestic -architecture. There is rather a curious structure here known locally as -the Round House, which has been in the family of the present owner since -the time of Elizabeth. It was built by a descendant of one of -Elizabeth’s sea captains, who was engaged in the seven years’ war. He -settled down here, and called it Effingham Place. - - -The heights of Cheshunt - - -The highlands of Cheshunt are all of a beautiful character, and the -climate of these elevated situations is particularly healthful, the air -being clear and bracing. To the north lie Hammond Street, Appleby -Street, and the beautiful sylvan hamlet of Beaumont Manor; to the west is -the pleasant old village of Goff’s Oak, with pretty Newgate Street -beyond, and the noble domain of Wood Green Park adjacent. More to the -north is the picturesque old hamlet of Cuffley, to the curative waters of -whose well King James frequently repaired. From Cuffley one may enjoy a -very fine view of the Lea Valley and the richly timbered undulations of -Epping Forest. The little place is effectually cut off from the affairs -of ordinary civilisation, and is as isolated as a hamlet in the heart of -Warwickshire. - -Goff’s Oak is a pretty little place, with many interesting features about -it. Its numerous cottages—there is only one good-sized house—lie, -irregularly disposed on either side of the road, often behind ample -gardens beautiful with lilies and larkspur, rocket, wallflowers, -hollyhocks, and other old-time flowers. It gains its name from a famous -old oak tree, said to have been planted by one of William the Conqueror’s -heroes, Sir Theodore Godfrey, to whom lands here had been assigned (hence -Godfrey’s—Geoffrey’s Oak—Geoff’s—Goff’s Oak). The venerable tree, of -which only the trunk now remains, has a girth of over twenty feet at -three feet from the ground. It reminds one of the beautiful lines of -Dryden: - - “The Monarch Oak, the Patriarch of the Trees, - Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees; - Three centuries he grows, and three he stays, - Supreme in state; and in three more decays.” - - [Picture: Decorative footer] - - - - -A CHRONOLOGY OF WALTHAM HOLY CROSS, -OTHERWISE WALTHAM ABBEY. - - - BY THE REV. J. H. STAMP. - - 54 B.C. The British Prince Caswallon encamps at Waltham. - circ. A.D. 64. Defeat, death, and burial of Queen Boadicea near - Warlies, in this Parish. - A.D. 894. King Alfred floods Waltham Marshes and discomfits - the Danes. - circ. 1030. Discovery of the Holy Cross of Waltham at - Montacute, in Somerset. Tovi, Canute’s Standard - Bearer, builds the first Parish Church of - Waltham. - 1059. Earl Harold, afterwards King, erects his Norman - Church on the site of Tovi’s Church. - 1060. Consecration of Harold’s Church on May 3rd, in - the presence of King Edward the Confessor. - 1062. Foundation of Harold’s secular college. - 1066–7. Burial of King Harold before the High Altar. - 1177. Harold’s College dissolved and Augustinian Priory - founded by Henry II. - 1184. Waltham Priory becomes Waltham Abbey. - 1201. Hugh Nevil, the Crusader and High Justice, - interred in the Choir. - 1252. Interment of Archdeacon Passelew, - Bishop-designate of Chichester. - 1286–1370. Restoration of Nave of Parish Church, Decorated - West Front inserted, and Lady Chapel erected. - 1290. The body of Queen Eleanor deposited in the Church - for one night. - 1291–2. Erection of Eleanor Memorial at Waltham Cross. - 1307. King Edward the First’s body rests for three - months near Harold’s Tomb. - circ. 1370. Erection of the Abbey Gateway and Walls. - 1400. Abbot William de Harleston assists at the Funeral - of Richard II., at Kings Langley. - circ. 1509. Stained Glass Window, presented to Waltham by - Henry VIII., now in St. Margaret’s, Westminster. - 1528–29. Henry VIII. at Waltham. Cranmer meets Fox and - Gardiner in the Homeland, near the Abbey of - Waltham, and strikes the keynote of the - Reformation. - circ. 1530–40. The King places Waltham at the head of his scheme - of new Bishoprics. Thomas Tallis, Organist of - the Abbey. - 1540. Monastery dissolved on March 24th. Abbot, Robert - Fuller, Ex-prior of St. Bartholomew’s, - Smithfield. - 1540–52. Destruction of the Monastery, Choir, Transepts, - Eastern Chapels, and Central Tower. Estates - granted to Sir Anthony Denny. - 1556–58. Present Tower erected at the West End. Five - Abbey Bells sold to provide funds for the - completion of the Steeple. - 1563. Parish Registers commenced. - 1565. John Foxe, the Martyrologist, resides at Waltham. - 1600. Sir Edward Denny, Knt. (comrade of Sir Philip - Sidney and Spenser, the Poet), interred in the - Chancel. - 1605–27. Dr. Joseph Hall, author of the Contemplations, - &c., Incumbent of the Parish, afterwards Bishop - of Exeter and Norwich. - 1613. Birth of Dr. George Hall, third son of Bishop - Hall, at Waltham Abbey. He became Archdeacon of - Canterbury and Bishop of Chester. - 1619. Lady Elizabeth Greville, cousin to Lady Jane - Grey, interred in the Abbey Church. - 1637–38. Edward, Baron Denny of Waltham, and Earl of - Norwich, interred in the Chancel; also his wife, - the Lady Mary Cecil, Granddaughter of Lord - Burleigh. - 1648–58. Dr. Thomas Fuller, Church Historian, incumbent of - Waltham. - circ. 1656. Six Bells presented by the Parishioners. - 1660. James Haye, the second Earl of Carlisle and Baron - of Waltham, interred in the Chancel. - 1668. Restoration of Church and Lady Chapel. - 1798–1810. Repair and alteration of Tower. Two Bells added. - circ. 1837–40. Lord Tennyson resides at Beech Hill Park in this - Parish. - 1848–50. Dr. W. H. Cummings (Principal of Guildhall School - of Music), Organist of Abbey Church. - 1853. Great West Doorway Restored: Ambrose Poynter, - Esq., Architect. - 1859–60. Restoration of Interior: W. Burges, Esq., - Architect. East Windows designed by Sir E. - Burne-Jones. Ceiling painted by Sir E. J. - Poynter, P.R.A. - 1876. Restoration of the Lady Chapel by Sir T. Fowell - Buxton, Bart. - 1879–93. Reconstruction and completion of the Organ. - 1882. Lord Frederick Cavendish at Waltham the Sunday - before his assassination in Phœnix Park on May - 6th, when Queen Victoria visited the Parish, and - declared “the Royal Forest of Waltham free and - open to the Public for ever.” - 1886. Carved Oak Screen, presented by the Parishioners, - in memory of Rev. J. Francis, Vicar of the Parish - 1846–85. - 1887. Illuminated Memorial Clock and Westminster chimes - presented by J. Parnell, Esq., J.P. - 1901–2. Erection of St. Thomas’ Mission Church, near - Warlies Park, by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., - G.C.M.G. - 1902. Unveiling of Rough Riders’ Memorial Tablet by Sir - Ian Hamilton. - 1904–5. Repair of upper stage of the Tower, rebuilding of - parapet with battlements and turrets in - accordance with the original design of 1556–8. - -INDEX. - - PAGE -Abbey Gateway, The 14 -,, Waltham 9 -Abbots of Waltham 26 -Ambresbury Camp 33 -Architecture of the Abbey 22 - -Beech, High 31 -Beech Hill Park 32 -Brasses in the Abbey 25 - -Cheshunt 44 -Cheshunt Church 48 -,, College 44 -,, Free School 44 -,, Park 50 -Churches:— - The Abbey 9 - Cheshunt 48 - High Beech 32 - Upshire 34 -Copt Hall 32 - -Eleanor Cross, Waltham, The 35 -Eleanor, Queen 10 -Ermine Street 44 - -Four Swans, The 35 -Foxe, John 29 -Fuller, Thomas 10 - -Goff’s Oak 51 -Great House, Cheshunt, The 46 -Gunpowder Factory 12 - -Harold’s Bridge 16 -Harold, King 20 -Harold’s Burial Place 21 -Henry VIII. and Waltham 13 -High Beech 31 -High Beech Church 32 -History of Waltham Abbey 9 -Holy Cross, The 17 -Honey Lane 31 - -James I., King 42 - -King’s Oak Inn, The 32 - -Lady Chapel, The 26 -Lea Navigation, The 12 -Legend of the Holy Cross 17 - -Market Place, Waltham 28 - -Pillory, The 24 -Potato Cellar, The 28 - -Reformation, The Keynote of the 13 -Romeland 12 -Rose Nurseries, Cheshunt 46 -Round House, Cheshunt 51 - -Stocks, Waltham, The 24 - -Temple Bar 40 -Tennyson, Lord 32 -Theobalds 38 -Tombs 25, 49 -Tovi the Proud 17 -Turnford 51 - -Upshire 34 -,, Church 34 - -Wake Arms Inn, The 32 -Waltham Abbey 9, 17 -,, History of 9 -,, and Henry VIII. 13 -Waltham Cross 35 -Watts, Dr. 43 -Whipping Post, The 24 - -ADVERTISEMENTS. {ii} - - -THE HOMELAND HANDBOOKS. - - - A DELIGHTFUL SERIES OF ILLUSTRATED - TOPOGRAPHICAL GUIDES. - - With Maps and Plans. - - Cloth. 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T. YATES_, _LL.D._ - - With numerous Illustrations, Maps and Diagrams. - -THE HOMELAND READERS, for Council and all Public and Private Schools, are -issued by the Homeland Association, which is doing so much to encourage -Touring at Home in the Motherland of our Empire, and in widening our -knowledge of Great Britain, by publishing a series of Handbooks -containing useful and interesting information relating to towns and -country districts in various parts of the land. This “national and -patriotic work” has not only received the commendation of the King, but -his Majesty has authorised a copy of each volume issued by the -Association to be sent to him. - -THE HOMELAND READERS, like the Homeland Hand-books, contain a description -of the most striking Geographical and Natural features, with particulars -of the History, Traditions, Antiquities, Worthies, and Industries of each -County. The treatment of the subject is very simple and, as far as -possible, all difficulties are explained as they occur. The First, or -Junior Book, for children under 10 years of age, contains but few -place-names. Only the chief features and events are given, with -sufficient details to awaken interest and impart life and colour. The -Second, or Senior Book, for older children, is as comprehensive and -exhaustive as the space will allow. - - Book I.—STORIES of SURREY. Cloth Boards, 1/- net. - Book II.—The COUNTY of SURREY. Cloth boards. 1/3 net. - - PUBLISHED FOR THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION BY - RUDD & CO., 12, Ludgate Square, E.C. - - * * * * * - - - -Where to Stay at Waltham Abbey. -NEW INN COMMERCIAL HOTEL, - - - Sun Street, . . . . . . . . - WALTHAM ABBEY. - - _The House for Catering_. - ESTIMATES GIVEN FOR DINNERS, TEAS, &c. - - [Picture: Photograph of New Inn Commercial Hotel, Waltham Abbey] - - NEW INN COMMERCIAL HOTEL, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - SPLENDID ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS. - (Private Entrance, etc.) - Wines, Spirits and Cigars of the Finest Quality. - - Proprietor . . . . . . . P. G. HULME. - - * * * * * - - - -THE COCK HOTEL, -. . . WALTHAM ABBEY. - - Wines [Picture: Photograph Every - and of the Cock Hotel, convenience - Spirits Waltham Abbey] for - of the Motorist - Highest and - Quality. Cyclist. - - Finest Excellent - Brands Stabling - of Accommodation. - Cigars. - - _CLOSE TO THE ABBEY AND OPPOSITE THE TOWN HALL_. - - A MOST CONVENIENT HOTEL FOR VISITORS TO THE TOWN. - - All Parties Catered for. . . . Fully Licensed for Music and Dancing. - - Large Room suitable for Masonic Purposes, Smoking Concerts, etc. - - _Apply to_ F. K. WARD (Late H. M. Service), _Proprietor_. - - * * * * * - - - -MCMULLEN & SONS, Ltd., -Brewers, Wine and Spirit Merchants. - - - [Picture: The Hertford Brewery] - - THE HERTFORD BREWERY. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••• - - FAMILY PALE ALE, - 18 gallons, 18/- 9 gallons, 9/- 4½ gallons, 4/6 - INVIGORATING STOUT, - IN CASK AND BOTTLE. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••• - - GAIRLOCH GOLDEN MALT SCOTCH WHISKY. - - The large and increasing demand for this Pure Whisky proves how - much its quality is appreciated. - - Per dozen . . . . . 42/- - - * * * * * - - Stores . . . WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -All Seeds and Bulbs sent carriage and packing free on receipt of -remittance. - - -[Picture: Graphic heading for Barr’s Superior Seeds for Flowers & Kitchen - Garden] - - BARR’S SEED GUIDE - -Contains a Select List of the best Seeds for securing a supply of -Vegetables “The Year Round,” and a full Descriptive List of the most -beautiful Annuals and Perennials for keeping the Flower Garden and -Greenhouse always gay. It is full of Practical Hints on the culture of -Vegetables and Flowers, valuable to Gardeners, Amateurs and Exhibitors. -_Sent free on Application_. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF - SUPERIOR VEGETABLE SEEDS. - - 5/6, 7/6, 12/6, 21/-, 42/-, 63/- to 105/- Full particulars on - application. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF - CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. - - 2/6, 5/6, 7/6, 10/6, 15/-, 21/-, 30/-, 42/-, 63/- Full particulars on - application. - - [Picture: Graphic heading for Barr’s Beautiful Hardy Gold Medal - Daffodils. The most lovely of all Spring Flowers] - -BARR’S DAFFODILS were awarded the only GOLD MEDAL at the Royal -Horticultural Society’s First Great Daffodil Conference, 1884; PREMIER -PRIZE, 1894; GOLD MEDAL, 1896; GOLD MEDAL, 1899; TWO GOLD MEDALS, FIRST -PRIZE, and £10 10s. CHALLENGE CUP, 1901; TWO GOLD MEDALS, 1902; GOLD -MEDAL, 1903; GOLD MEDAL, 1904; GOLD MEDAL, 1905; also many Silver and -Silver-gilt Medals, Certificates, etc., at the London and Country Flower -Shows. - -BARR’S 21s. AMATEUR’S COLLECTION OF DAFFODILS contains 6 Bulbs each of 26 -high-class Daffodils, all beautiful. - -BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION contains 500 Daffodils in 20 fine showy -varieties, suitable for naturalizing in grass, shrubberies, etc. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF BULBS - FOR INDOORS AND OUTDOORS - -BARR’S 21s. “GREENHOUSE” COLLECTION contains 300 Spring-flowering Bulbs -of finest quality. - -BARR’S 21s. “FLOWER GARDEN” COLLECTION contains 600 Spring and -Summer-flowering Bulbs, all decorative. - -BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION contains 800 Bulbs, suitable to -naturalize in Woodlands, Orchards, Wild Gardens, etc. - - For full particulars of the above and other Collections, see Barr’s Bulb - Catalogue. - - BARR & SONS, 11, 12 & 13, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. - - Nurseries:—DITTON HILL, SURBITON, SURREY. Visitors Invited. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -. . MILK . . - - - _Delivered Direct from the_ - _Farm to the Consumer_. - - A. C. WITHERS. - 69, York Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -JAMES GLENDENING, - - - COAL AND COKE MERCHANT - FACTOR AND COLLIERY AGENT, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - * * * * * - - GLENDENING’S COALS FOR COMFORT. - - * * * * * - - - -You cannot MOVE without it. - - - WHERE TO LIVE ROUND LONDON. - - An A B C Guide to 90 Districts on the Southern side of London.—Rates, - Price of Gas, Subsoils, Schools, Agents, invaluable information, with - Coloured Geological Map. 2s. 6d. post free. - - THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION, - 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -_When you want_ . . . -Boots and Shoes - - -you will be well GUIDED if you go to - - F. BUTTERFIELD, - The Cash Boot Stores, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - With every CHANGING SEASON you will there - find a very Large Variety of - - Up-to-Date Boots and Shoes - . . suitable for . . - _ANY POSSIBLE REQUIREMENT_. - - ALWAYS the Latest Shapes, - ALWAYS the Best Possible Value, - - NO JOB LINES, but - - ALWAYS the Very Best Lines in Footwear - -that can be secured for money. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -COALS! COALS! - - - Best Qualities - AT - Lowest Prices. - - J.& H. GIRLING. - - * * * * * - - Depot: WALTHAM CROSS STATION. - - * * * * * - - Office—79, Eleanor Cross Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -_For BOOTS and SHOES_ -GO TO -H. BOWEY. - - - A good variety of Ladies’ and Gent.’s BOOTS and SHOES - for best wear kept in stock. - - STRONG RELIABLE BOOTS for WORKING MEN. - - Also SCHOOL BOOTS for CHILDREN . . . . . - - * * * * * - - REPAIRS A SPECIALITY. - - * * * * * - - 175, High Street, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - Posters. Telegrams:— - Handbills. - Billheads. “Welsford, Waltham Cross.” - Memos. - Time Sheets. * * * * * - Prospectuses. - Circulars. H. WELSFORD, - Pamphlets. - Balance Sheets. _Caxton_ . . - Programmes. _Steam_ . . - Note Headings. _Printing_ . . - Testimonials. _Works_ . . - Sermons. - Visiting Cards. WALTHAM CROSS. - Business Cards. - Invitation Cards. * * * * * - Wedding Cards. - Xmas Cards. Good Commercial . . . - Mourning Cards. Printing at Moderate . . . - Receipt Books. Prices. . . . - Order Books. - Delivery Books. Up-to-date Plant . . . - Etc., Etc. - Prompt Delivery . . . - - No Order too large . . . - - Office of the . . . - Waltham and Cheshunt . . . - Pocket Time Table . . . - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -D. J. CARTER, - - - WILLOW DEALER, - Cricket and Lawn Tennis Outfitter, - 109, ELEANOR CROSS ROAD, and - 103, HIGH STREET, - Waltham Cross, HERTS. - - * * * * * - - EVERY DESCRIPTION OF INDOOR & OUTDOOR - SPORTS AND GAMES SUPPLIED. - - REPAIRS A SPECIALITY. - - * * * * * - - The following Makers’ Goods can be supplied at - the shortest possible notice: - - MESSRS. - F. H. AYRES; BREEDON; F. SURRIDGE; CLAPSHAW; - FRANK BRYAN; DUKE & SON; W. SYKES; - FELTHAM & CO.; GRADIDGE & SONS; VAUGHAN; - GUNN & MOORE; QUAIFE BROS.; ODD & SON; - T. H. PROSSER & SONS; WINDETT & SMITH; - RILEY & CO.; WISDEN & CO. - - D. J. CARTER’S Cricket Bats, - The Slogger, 10/6 each. The Ideal, 12/6 each. - Perfection, 15/- each. The Autocrat, 18/6 each. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -METCALFE’S EMPORIUM, -_Established 1877_, - - - For Furniture, Bedding, Carpets, Sewing - Machines, Wringers, Mangles, Wedding Rings, - Jewellery, Watches, Clocks, Drapery, Ladies’ - Jackets, Mantles, Dress Goods, Under Linen, - Baby Linen, Musical Instruments, Pianos, - Gramophones, Musical Boxes, Boots and Shoes. - Men’s, Boys’ and Youths’ Clothing, ready - made and to measure, fit guaranteed. Every - requisite for the Household. - -Pay for a complete home or any single article by easiest of easy -instalments, or 5 per cent. discount for cash. A pair of Boots for 6d. -per week. A good Silver Watch for 1/- per week. A Piano for 2/6 per -week. 20/- worth of Goods for 6d. per week. A Suit of Clothes for 1/- -per week. - - * * * * * - -_NOTICE_.—_Any of the above-mentioned goods_, _and others too numerous to -mention_, _kept in stock_. _A visit is respectfully solicited_, _or -price of goods will be sent on application_. - - * * * * * - -NOTE THE ADDRESS: - - W. METCALFE, - HOUSE FURNISHER, GENERAL DRAPER, CLOTHIER, - BOOT & SHOE MERCER, &c., - - WALTHAM NEW TOWN, WALTHAM CROSS, N. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -General and Fancy Drapery, -R. H. MARLOW. - - -MILLINERY, HOSIERY, -HABERDASHERY, BOOTS -AND SHOES. - -TERMS—CASH on or -before Delivery. - - POST OFFICE, - 149 - Eleanor Cross Rd., - WALTHAM NEW TOWN. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - - Straw Hats and Bonnets Trimmed Free of Charge. - - * * * * * - - - -Works: STATION ROAD. - - - T. C. HOWARD, - Carpenter, Builder & Decorator, - 7, YORK ROAD, - WALTHAM CROSS, N. - - ••••••••••••••••• - All kinds of Drainage and Sanitary Work done. - ••••••••••••••••• - - _Estimates given for all kinds of House Repairs_. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -H. J. BOLTON, -_Cowkeeper and Dairy Farmer_, -WALTHAM CROSS. - - - PURE NEW MILK SUPPLIED FROM HIS OWN COWS, - . . ALSO . . - STERILIZED & HUMANISED MILK TO ORDER. - - Always obtainable at: - DAIRY FARM, STATION ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS; - THE DAIRY, No. 171, HIGH ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS; - No. 25, HIGHBRIDGE STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - -All Cream supplied is “Separator Skimmed,” and all Butter sold is made -from “Separated” Cream. Ice is manufactured on the premises with water -supplied by the Metropolitan Water Board. - -All Milk supplied is now passed through a Filter, which removes all -sediment, and which is far superior to the old-fashioned strainer. - - ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED. - - * * * * * - - - -WALTER LAWRENCE & SON, -BUILDING . . . . . -CONTRACTORS. - - -_HEAD OFFICE_:— - - Canal Works, - Waltham Cross, N. - -AND AT - - Moselle Works, - Tottenham, N. - -NAT. TEL. 5, WALTHAM CROSS. 1741, TOTTENHAM. - - ESTABLISHED 1871. - - * * * * * - - - -FUNERALS PERSONALLY CONDUCTED. -STRICTLY MODERATE CHARGES. - - - WILLIAM H. MASH, - - [Picture: Photograph of William H. Marsh’s establishment] - - FUNERAL FURNISHER and MONUMENTAL MASON. - - 230, High St., and 18, Trinity Villas, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -H. C. WALSH, - - -Cycle and = = = -Motor = = -Works, - - Cheshunt, - Herts. - - * * * * * - - - -_Established 1717_. -RICHARD GATER & SONS, -UNDERTAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS, - - - Cabinet Makers, French Polishers, Paper Hangers, - and General House Decorators. - - * * * * * - - CONTRACTORS FOR HOUSE REPAIRS. - - * * * * * - - NOTE— - 84, King Edward’s Rd., Waltham Cross, - HERTS, N. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -_E. ROPER_, - - - Cowkeeper and - Dairy Farmer, - - [Picture: Drawing of a cow] - - Crossbrook house, - High Street, CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - Claremont Farm, GOFFS OAK. - -Butter, Eggs and Cream. - - Families waited upon twice daily. - - Cows kept on the Premises. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -91, TURNER’S HILL, CHESHUNT, HERTS. -AUG. J. HALL. - - - Printing, Stationery, Fancy Goods & Toys. - - Large assortment of - LOCAL POST CARDS OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. - - ROYAL DEVONSHIRE ART POTTERY. - - Bookbinding, Relief Stamping, Copper-plate - Printing. - - _Letterpress Printing done ON THE PREMISES_. - Newspapers and Periodicals delivered. Lending Library. - AGENT FOR PULLARS’ DYE WORKS, PERTH. - - * * * * * - - ORDERS BY POST PROMPTLY EXECUTED. - - * * * * * - - - -The Model -DAIRY, -17, TURNER’S HILL, -CHESHUNT. - - - Special Pure Rich Milk, Butter and Eggs - DELIVERED TWICE DAILY, - FROM THE - DAIRY AT NETHER HALL. - - * * * * * - - A. E. SWANTON, Proprietor. - - * * * * * - - - -_Cheshunt Funeral Establishment_. - - - DISTANCE NO OBJECT. - - A. G. NICHOLAS, - FURNISHING UNDERTAKER, - 189, TURNER’S HILL, - (Opposite Moray Place). - _MEMORIALS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION_. - Office of Church of England Temperance and General Permanent Benefit - Building Society. - Telegraphic Address: Nicholas, Undertaker, Cheshunt. - - * * * * * - -Of the many classes of business called into requisition by the -requirements of mundane existence, that of the Funeral Furnisher demands -an interest which it is seldom accorded. This is, however, not the -correct position to adopt in what is an eminently practical age, so, at -least, we are taught to believe; and, therefore, we should not disdain -knowledge on so important a subject. - - * * * * * - -In the district of Cheshunt no name is more intimately associated with -funeral furnishing than that of Mr. A. G. Nicholas, and no house has made -a more thorough study of the details of the business so as to entail upon -the relatives and friends of the deceased the minimum amount of trouble -and discomfort. Over twenty years ago witnessed his initial steps in -founding what is now the only business which makes a speciality of this -class of work, as the premises recently constructed at 189, Turner’s Hill -make sufficiently plain to the passer-by. Commencing business as a -joiner, builder, and undertaker at the period mentioned, the marked -development of the latter department—as witness the many interments of -deceased persons—has induced Mr. Nicholas to give special attention to -this branch, which includes cremating and embalming, the erecting of all -descriptions of monumental masonry, surveys of property, and transactions -in all forms of life and other insurance, agencies being held for many -leading companies. - -When we consider the opportunity which the undertaker possesses for -exercising influence upon persons under great mental strain, it will be -seen how essential it is that they should be men who are above suspicion. -Happily, however, the morale of the business has greatly improved, which -is due in a large measure to the standard of the tradesmen who may be -said to be representative of their calling. - - Cromwell Cottages, Cheshunt, June 5th, 1891. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas.—On behalf of myself and the rest of our family, I wish -to thank you for the way in which you conducted the funeral of my mother -and brother. I am sure you studied our feelings in every possible way, -and we all think the charges very moderate indeed. Again thanking you,—I -remain, yours truly, - - H. NORRIS. - - King’s Road, Doncaster, June 22nd, 1895. - -Dear Sir,—P.O.O. for the balance of your account enclosed. Thanking you -for the nice quiet way in which the interment was conducted,—Yours -faithfully, - - H. BEAVAN. - - Wimbledon, April 1st, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I feel that I must write to thank you for your great -kindness to us in our trouble, and for the kind help you gave to save us -bother in every possible way you could. I cannot express to you all I -feel about it; but, believe me, my sisters and I will never forget your -kindness to us; and if there were just a few more about as ready as -yourself to lend a helping hand, the world might be a happier one.—With -very kind regards, I am yours sincerely, - - EMILY NEALE. - - Oxted, May 15th, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I had not an opportunity of seeing you yesterday, to -thank you for undertaking the removal of the body of my poor brother, and -for the great trouble it must have put you to. I can assure you that you -have all our sincere thanks, and we quite appreciate all the difficulties -you must have had to contend with. Now he is at rest, we can also rest. -You will, I am sure, know how we can and do appreciate this after such an -anxious and trying time as last week. We could not do this but for the -trouble you must have taken for us.—Yours very truly, - - E. A. SWAN. - - Leyton, Essex, October 29th, 1904. - -Mr. Nicholas. Dear Sir,—I beg to offer my sincere thanks for the trouble -you have taken in connection with the interment of my deceased father on -the 27th inst., for the nice way in which your arrangements were made and -carried out in so quiet and sympathetic a manner that all the mourners -thought you had conducted the funeral in such a way that the thanks of -the family were justly due to you. I hope you will accept these through -me, the son of the late Henry Brewster. - - I remain, yours sincerely, C. BREWSTER. - - Chiswick, December 31st, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas.—Many thanks for your kindness in effecting the -purchase of my late husband’s grave. I must thank you and express my -appreciation of the able and reverent manner in which the funeral -arrangements were carried out, and with kind regards, I remain yours -faithfully, - - EMMA OLIVER. - - Insurance [Picture: Mr. A. G. Builder - Agent. Nicolas] and - Contractor. - Fire, Life - and Estimates - Accident. for - Repairs. - - Rents - Collected. - -The local “Weekly Telegraph,” reporting the funeral of the late Mr. R. T. -Gardner, in 1899, who was for twenty-five years rate collector of the -Parish of Cheshunt, mentioned the fact that the arrangements were -undertaken by Mr. Nicholas, at the request of the deceased, made shortly -before his death. - -The following has reference to one of Mr. Nicholas’s building -transactions: - - Willesden Lane, N.W. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I am in receipt of your account, which I think -reasonable. I enclose a cheque for £50. Thanking you for the personal -interest which you took in the work, and the highly successful way in -which it was carried out,—With kind regards, yours faithfully, - - HERBERT T. ANDREWS. - - The originals of the above letters are open to inspection. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -GEO. BLAXLAND, -THE CITY TAILOR, -_Hatter_, _Hosier & Gentlemen’s Outfitter_. - - - [Picture: Photograph of G. Blaxland’s shop] - - MEN’S WEAR. - - Best Makes and Newest Shapes in - HATS & CAPS, RAINPROOF COATS & CYCLE CAPES. - -_All New Designs for this_ _Tailoring a Speciality_. -_Season_ _Perfect Fit Guaranteed_. -_Newest Styles in Ready-_ _A Large Selection of Ties_, -_made Suits_, _in Large_ _Gloves_, _Shirts_, _Collars and -_Variety_ Hosiery_ - - JUVENILE AND YOUTHS’ CLOTHING, IN ALL SIZES. - - * * * * * - - TURNER’S MILL, CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -C. & A. BLAXLAND, -FAMILY GROCERS, -Wine, Spirit, Beer & provision Merchants. - - - [Picture: Photograph of C. & A. Blaxland’s shop] - - DEALERS IN CORN AND POULTRY FOOD. - _AGENTS FOR W. & A. GILBEY_. - - Bass’s Pale Ale, Guinness’s Stout. Barrett’s, Whitbread’s, - Fremlin’s and Truman’s Ale and Stout in Bottles and Casks. - - PATENT MEDICINES. - - * * * * * - - CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -T. BONES, -Florist and Nurseryman -HIGH STREET, CHESHUNT. - - - WREATHS, CROSSES, WEDDING BOUQUETS, and - other Floral Arrangements, made of the Choicest - Flowers, on the Shortest Notice. - - FRESH CUT FLOWERS, in variety, ALWAYS AT HAND. - _PRICES TO SUIT ALL CLASSES_. - BEDDING PLANTS, etc., at Lowest Prices for Good Stuff. - - * * * * * - - ORDERS BY POST WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION. - - * * * * * - - - -ROBERT ARCHER, -Builder, House Decorator and Undertaker, - - - (Established 70 Years.) - ESTIMATES FOR ALL KINDS OF REPAIRS. - - Funerals conducted to or from all parts of the Country. - - DESIGNS SUBMITTED AND MEMORIALS SUPPLIED. - Telegrams—“ARCHER, WALTHAM CROSS.” - - Office: 43, TURNER’S HILL. - - * * * * * - - - -ROLAND R. ARCHER, - -43, Plans, Specifications -TURNER’S HILL, and Detail Drawings -CHESHUNT. prepared for New - Buildings, Alterations - and Additions at - Reasonable Fees. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -J. EDWIN GAZE, M.P.S. - - - (_Late HOPPER & Co._) - Dispensing and Family Chemist, - 77, Turner’s Hill, Cheshunt. - - * * * * * - - STORE PRICES FOR CASH. - _PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS A SPECIALITY_. - - * * * * * - - DARK ROOM FOR AMATEURS. - — _DEVELOPING AND PRINTING UNDERTAKEN_. — - - * * * * * - - - -CHESHUNT BUN HOUSE. -J. L. STOREY, -Bread and Biscuit Baker, -—_PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER_, — - - - Turner’s Hill, CHESHUNT, HERTS. - - * * * * * - - Genuine Home-Made Bread. Peak Frean’s Biscuits. - Rowntree’s, Fry’s and Cadbury’s Chocolates. - - * * * * * - - — FAMILIES WAITED UPON DAILY. — - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -M. CUTHBERT, -Stationer and Newsagent, -13, SUN ST., WALTHAM ABBEY. - - - LOCAL VIEWS A SPECIALITY. - GIANT POST CARDS, 12 ins. by 9 ins., of THE ABBEY, Etc., - 3d. Each. - - * * * * * - - A VERY LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT OF - LOCAL VIEW POST CARDS. - - — CALL AND INSPECT. — - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -WM. PALLETT, Junr., -Corn and Seed Merchant, -_WALTHAM ABBEY_. - - - * * * * * - - Office and Retail Department— - 34, HIGH BRIDGE STREET. - Mills and Granaries— - NEAR THE ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -WILLIAM PALLETT, JUNR. - - - _Stationer_, _Newsagent_, - _and_ - _Fancy Toy Dealer_, - - CHURCH-YARD, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - Picture Framing and Bookbinding. - FISHING TACKLE IN GREAT VARIETY. - - * * * * * - - _Photographs of Churches and Places of Interest_ - _in the Neighbourhood_. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -MELLODEW & COCKS, - - - _22_, _Sewardstone Street_, - - _WALTHAM ABBEY_. - - [Picture: Photograph of Mellodew & Cocks, Grocers & Provision Merchants] - - For the Best of Everything in . . . Grocery and Provisions. - - THE CHEAPEST MONEY CAN BUY. - -Trading Stamps Families Waited -Given Gratis . . . on Daily . . . . . . - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -_W. CLAYDEN_, -Corn, Forage, -Flour, and Seed Merchant. - - - NOTED FOR MIDLOTHIAN OATMEAL. - - * * * * * - - TRY OUR - SELF-RAISING FLOUR. - - * * * * * - - _PASTRY FLOUR A SPECIALITY_. - - * * * * * - - SPRATT’S PATENT POULTRY AND - DOG FOODS. - - * * * * * - - ALL KINDS OF - BIRD SEEDS AND OTHER FOODS. - POULTRY MIXTURES. - - * * * * * - - ALL GOODS ARE OF THE BEST QUALITY. - - * * * * * - - 18, SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -WALTHAM ABBEY STORES. -HORACE PEMBLE, -SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -Draper, Milliner, Outfitter, Tailor, Hatte -Hosier, and General House Furnisher. - - COOPER AND SON’S NOTED “BEEHIVE” - BOOTS AND SHOES. - -AGENT FOR BERRIE’S -MANCHESTER -DYEING -WORKS. - - Grocer, - Provision, - Wine, Beer, and - Spirit Merchant. - - Peek, Frean’s, and McVitie and Price’s - Celebrated Cakes and Biscuits. - Pickles, Sauces, and Jams. Brushes and Brooms. - Patent Medicines at Store Prices. - - * * * * * - - SEWING MACHINES BY FRISTER AND ROSSMANS. - Agent for the Royal Fire and Life Insurance Company. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -JOHN ALPS, -50, SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -The Oldest Ironmonger’s - Business in - Waltham Abbey. - - •••••••• - -Manufacturer in all - Branches of the - Trade. - - Copper, Tin, - Zinc and Iron - Plate Worker. - - GASFITTER, SMITH, &c. - - A Good Assortment of Incandescent GAS - FITTINGS, MANTLES and GLOBES - always in Stock, at Popular Prices. - - * * * * * - - - -Repairs! UPTON’S, Repairs! -The Old Established -BOOT & SHOE WAREHOUSE. - - - ESTABLISHED OVER 100 YEARS. - -Well selected Stock of . . . - - LADIES’, GENT’S AND CHILDREN’S BOOTS AND SHOES. - -Superior Hand-Sewn Boots and Shoes made to measure. - - 1, CHURCH ST., WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -W. CASTELLO, -Waltham Cross -Cigar Stores . . - - - (OPPOSITE IMPERIAL CLUB). - - _The Three Graces of the Tobacco World_— - - Temple Bar (Latakia) Smoking - Mixture, Old Virginia (Hand-made) - Cigarettes, Old Virginia Shag, - pronounced by Experts to be the - very best. - - * * * * * - - - -Homeland Handbook, No. 43. - - - HERTFORD - AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. - - With Notes on the Country of - Charles Lamb and Izaak Walton. - - WITH MAP AND 48 VIEWS. - - 1/- Net. Postage, 2½d. - - Of all Booksellers or the Publishers - of this Volume. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO GO AT HIGH BEECH. - - - FOR LUNCHEONS AND TEAS - GO TO A - TEMPERANCE HOUSE. - - Roserville Retreat, - HIGH BEECH. - - Excursions, Parties, Sunday Schools, Bands of Hope, - Cycling Clubs and Guilds will find Clean, Comfortable, - and Economical Accommodation. - - * * * * * - - High Level Situation. Fresh Air. Finest View. - Swings and Roundabouts and every Amusement for - People of all ages. - - _Full Particulars sent on receipt of a Post Card_. - - * * * * * - - ADDRESS— - WILLIAM TOZER, - Proprietor. - - * * * * * - - - -Do you use Automatic -Gas or Oil Lamps? - - - N.B.—There were 142 Explosions by Oil Lamps in - London alone last year, involving loss of life. - -An OIL LAMP burns ONE PENNYWORTH OF PARAFFIN OIL in 8 hours, and gives a -light equal to only 16 Candles. It is much dearer than a GEM GAS BURNER, -which makes ONE PENNYWORTH OF AUTOMATIC GAS last about 12 hours, and -gives a light equal to 30 Candles. In fact a Gem Burner is nearly equal -to 4 Oil Lamps. That is to say, a Gem Burner will give you about as much -light for a Farthing as an Oil Lamp will give for a 1d. - -AUTOMATIC GAS costs you nothing for fitting it up. The Gas Company -instal it free of all cost. The following fittings are supplied free for -your use:— - - One Swing Bracket for Hall Light. - - One Pendant or Bracket for Sitting Room. - - One ,, ,, Kitchen. - - One Swing Bracket for Bedroom. - - One Boiling Ring and Tube to boil Kettle, etc. - -By payment of 5s. for fixing you can have a good Gas Cooker Free of any -Rental, or a better one for 10d. a month. - -Remember Automatic Gas saves a lot of worry and trouble in the house. -Half-an-hour’s more rest instead of getting up earlier to light the fire. -The Oil Man need not call. No dust or ashes, and no Dustman to call for -them. The Coal Man need not call. No bundles of firewood wanted. You -simply put your penny in the slot and the Gasworks does the rest. - - * * * * * - - For further particulars apply to— - THE WALTHAM ABBEY & CHESHUNT GAS CO., - York Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -HERBERT BEEDELL - - - [Picture: Photograph of Herbert Beedell’s shop] - - The House for Smart and Up-to-date - -MILLINERY! Prompt - Attention. - DRESSMAKING! - Prices COSTUMES! - Moderate - - GENERAL AND FANCY DRAPERY. - - * * * * * - - HERBERT BEEDELL, - DRAPER AND HOSIER, - CHESHUNT HOUSE, CHESHUNT, - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO STAY AT WALTHAM CROSS. -Ye Olde Foure Swannes -COMMERCIAL HOTEL. - - - _Two Minutes from Station_. _ESTABLISHED 1260_. - - Best Livery and Posting House in Hertfordshire. - - [Picture: Photograph of Ye Olde Foure Swannes] - - GOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR LARGE OR SMALL PARTIES. - - * * * * * - - Cyclists specially catered for. Lock-up Shed for Cycles. - - * * * * * - - Hot Luncheons every day from 1 to 2 p.m. - Teas Served on the Lawn. - - * * * * * - - Proprietors — — — IGGULDEN & CAIRNS. - - * * * * * - - - - -Footnotes. - - -{ii} In the printed book advertisements run from page ii. to the -_McMullen & Sons_ advertisement inclusive, then the main book occurs, and -then the advertisements resume with _Barr’s Superior Seeds_. In this -eBook all of the advertisements have been moved to the end but otherwise -occur in the original order and with the original page numbers. The fold -out map has been moved from the first set of advertisements—DP. - -{12} There is also a “Romeland” at St. Albans, on the west side of the -Abbey. - -{17} Regnante Cnuto et Anglis Imperante in loco qui dicitur Mons Acutus -quem Lutegarsberi compatrio appelant vitam agebat in opere fabrili vit -magnae simplicitatis et bonae indolis vit sine malitia timens Deum et -recendens a malo, etc. - -{18} _i.e._ Persons. - -{20} _i.e._ To make free. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** - - -******* This file should be named 62666-0.txt or 62666-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/6/6/62666 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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