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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5afb0ea --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62666 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62666) diff --git a/old/62666-0.txt b/old/62666-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0e885a9..0000000 --- a/old/62666-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3611 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Harold's Town and it's Vicinity, by Freeman -Bunting, Illustrated by J. A. C. Branfill - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Harold's Town and it's Vicinity - Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, and High Beech, Epping Forest - - -Author: Freeman Bunting - - - -Release Date: July 16, 2020 [eBook #62666] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** - - -Transcribed from the 1905–6 Homeland Association Ltd. edition by David -Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org - - [Picture: Book cover] - - [Picture: The Abbey Church at Waltham] - - - - - - Harold’s Town - And its Vicinity. - - - Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, - and High Beech, Epping Forest. - - A Handbook for Visitors, - BY - FREEMAN BUNTING. - - WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS - BY - J. A. C. BRANFILL. - - * * * * * - - Published under the general editorship - of PRESCOTT ROW, in co-operation with the - URBAN DISTRICT COUNCILS OF WALTHAM, HOLY - CROSS AND CHESHUNT, by The Homeland - Association for the encouragement of Touring - in Great Britain. - - Waltham Abbey: M. CUTHBERT, 13, Sun Street. - ,, ,, WILLIAM PALLETT, jun., The Churchyard. - Waltham Cross: P. W. MITCHELL, High Street. - Cheshunt: AUG. J. HALL, 91, Turner’s Hill. - London: THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION, LTD., 22, Bride Lane, - Fleet Street, E.C. - -_FIRST EDITION_, 1905–1906. - - _All Rights Reserved_. - - - - -Ordnance Survey Map of the Country around Waltham Cross and Waltham -Abbey. - - -_Scale of One Inch to One Statute Mile_, - - [Picture: Map] - - - - -EDITORIAL NOTE. - - -WITH a view to making future Editions of this Handbook as accurate and -comprehensive as possible, suggestions for its improvement are cordially -invited. If sent to THE EDITOR, The Homeland Association, Association -House, 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C., they will be gratefully -acknowledged. - - - - -COPYRIGHT. - - -This Book as a whole, with its Contents, both Literary and Pictorial, is -Copyrighted in Great Britain. - - - - -ADVERTISING. - - -LOCAL.—Terms for Advertising in future issues of the Waltham and Cheshunt -Handbook will be forwarded on application to the General Manager of the -Homeland Association, at the above address. - -GENERAL.—Contracts for the insertion of Advertisements through the whole -series of Homeland Handbooks, nearly fifty volumes, circulating -throughout the country, can be arranged on application to the General -Manager. - - - - -_CONTENTS_. - - PAGE -_Bibliography_ 4 -_Prefatory Note_ 6 -_Chapter_ _I.—Describes Waltham Abbey_ 9 - ,, _II.—A Ramble to Epping Forest and High 31 - Beech_ - ,, _III.—Describes Waltham Cross and Theobalds_ 35 - ,, _IV.—Describes Cheshunt and its 44 - Surroundings_ -_A Chronology of Waltham Abbey_ 53 - - - - -BIBLIOGRAPHY. - - -“The Foundation of Waltham Abbey.” Rt. Rev. William Stubbs. - -“History of the Abbey of Waltham.” John Farmer. - -“The Parish of Waltham Abbey.” John Maynard. - -“History of Waltham Abbey.” W. Winters. - -“History of Waltham Holy Cross.” Rev. J. H. Stamp. - -“The Norman Conquest.” E. A. Freeman. - -“Architecture and Early History of Waltham Abbey.” E. A. Freeman. - -“A History of Abbeys.” Stevens. - -“London and its Environs.” Hunter. - -“Circuit of London.” Hughson. - -“Church History of Britain.” Thomas Fuller. - -“Worthies of England.” Thomas Fuller. - -“Cheshunt in the Olden Time.” Rev. A. Brown. - -“Visitors’ Handbook to Cheshunt.” W. Winters. - -“The Family Memoirs of the Rev. W. Stukeley.” - -“‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ Library.” Vol. 17. G. L. Gomme. - -“British Topographer.” Vol. 1. R. Gough. - -“History of Herts.” Cussans. - -“History of Herts.” Salmon. - -“History of Herts.” Clutterbuck. - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - PLATES. -_The Abbey Church at Waltham_ _Frontispiece_ - PAGE -_The Abbey Gateway_ 16 -_The Eleanor Cross_ 34 -_The Parish Church_, _Cheshunt_ 48 - ILLUSTRATIONS. -_Romeland_, _Waltham Abbey_ 11 -_Ancient Bridge_, _known as_ “_Harold’s 15 -Bridge_” -_Waltham One Hundred Years Ago_ 19 -_The Interior of the Abbey Church_ 23 -_The Home of Foxe_, _the Martyrologist_ 29 -_The Eleanor Cross showing detail of 36 -carving_ -_Theobalds_ 37 -_Temple Bar_ 39 -_In the Village at Cheshunt_ 45 -_Cheshunt Great House_ 47 - -PREFATORY NOTE. - - -THIS little book is intended for the ordinary individual rather than the -earnest student or the ardent antiquary. As I have attempted to -embellish the dry bones of history and to present the undoubted beauties -and charms of the corner of England that lies upon the Herts and Essex -border in a manner likely to interest the former, my effort will possibly -appear to the latter to have several shortcomings. - -That part of the book dealing with Cheshunt has presented some -difficulty. One day, perhaps, some industrious historian will prepare a -really good history of the ancient parish of Cheshunt, and utilise to the -best purpose the wealth of material that lies hidden away in the parish -chests. - -To the Rev. J. H. Stamp, I am indebted for reading the proofs and for -some valuable information, as well as for his kind permission to use the -chronological data prepared by him. To Mr. H. Collingwood Lee my thanks -are also due for his kind assistance. - - FREEMAN BUNTING. - -WHITE WEBBS, July, 1905. - - - - -The Publisher’s Address to the Reader. - - -THIS little volume forms one of the Homeland Handbooks, a series founded -in 1897, with a view of providing adequate information respecting special -localities and districts. They are issued at popular prices, and contain -everything likely to interest the intelligent visitor regarding the -History, Traditions, Worthies, and Antiquities of the neighbourhoods with -which they deal. - -In each case the books are written by a qualified Author, with special -local knowledge. - -Other Volumes in the Series likely to interest the reader of this book -are as follows:— - - CLOTH. PAPER. -Hertford, and the Country of Charles Lamb and 2/- 1/- -Izaak Walton -The City of St. Albans, its Abbey and its 2/6 1/- -Surroundings -Dunstable and its Surroundings 2/- 1/- - - _A full list will be found on pages_ ii _and_ iii. - - * * * * * - -The Homeland Association for the Encouragement of Touring in Great -Britain, Association House, _22_, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. - - - - -‘DON’TS’ FOR PICNIC PARTIES. - - -THE Council of the Selborne Society urgently requests visitors to treat -the country they are visiting with the reverence due to natural beauty. - -DON’T gather such quantities of wild flowers and ferns that before the -day is over you are obliged to throw them away on the roadside. By such -gathering you injure the flora of the district, and you take away -pleasures from many people who like to see flowers and ferns growing in -their native haunts. - -DON’T disturb the birds in their breeding season. - -DON’T litter the places visited with waste papers or torn letters. - -DON’T leave empty bottles and other débris of your picnic to vulgarise -the spots, the scenery of which you have been enjoying. - - - - -HAROLD’S TOWN AND ITS VICINITY. - - - WALTHAM ABBEY, WALTHAM CROSS, - CHESHUNT, AND HIGH BEECH, EPPING FOREST. - - * * * * * - - - -CHAPTER I. -WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -HAROLD’S TOWN! We may well speak of Waltham Holy Cross in this way, for -the place virtually owes its foundation to the last representative of the -Saxon dynasty, and abounds in associations with the brave, pious, and -wise prince whose lordship, like that of his great predecessor, Alfred, -had so great an influence for good upon the social and political -institutions of our England, and who so nobly and bravely disputed the -claim to the throne with the Norman invader on the field of Senlac. We -find a contemporary estimate of Earl Harold’s character in the historic -tract, _De Inventione Sanctæ Crucis_, the unknown author of which, who -was, however, a Waltham man, says: “His was the truest heart and the -wisest head and the strongest and gentlest hand in the land.” And the -greatest historians of our own time have spoken in high, appreciative -terms of Harold’s work and influence. How considerable, then, is the -interest to the traveller and student alike of the place with which the -life of Harold was so intimately associated. - -Though within just over half an hour’s journey by rail from the -Metropolis, and but a crow flight of some thirteen miles therefrom, it -would be pretty safe to say that not one per cent. of the inhabitants of -the great city have made any sort of acquaintance with the beautiful old -minster of Waltham, which stands to-day for one of the finest examples of -Norman architecture, vying with Westminster Abbey in this respect, whilst -its history is, as old Thomas Fuller has observed, “the history of the -Church of England.” And if this ancient pile represents so much -architecturally and ecclesiastically, it occupies no mean position among -those various influences that have gone to the making of English history. - -Hither came, for one purpose and another, many of the royal heads of -England, from Harold, the founder, to Charles II.; dignitaries of the -Church, and potent ornaments of the State; while within the shadow of the -minster’s massy walls lived and laboured men who have moulded and -influenced the thoughts and lives of the people. Henry I. and Matilda of -Scotland were visitors to the Abbey, the latter being a considerable -benefactress; Henry II. established the monastery here and richly endowed -it, he “loved Waltham entirely, and lay many times thereat.” King John -came often to Waltham; Henry III. loved the Abbey for its beauty and -seclusion, and resorted thereto often for peace and retirement. Edward -I. and his beloved wife Eleanor were frequently in residence here, and -when the body of the latter was brought from Grantham to London in 1290, -it rested for a night here, the mortal remains of the king himself -remaining in the Abbey, beside Harold’s tomb, for fifteen weeks, on their -way from Scotland to Westminster in 1307. When Wat Tyler’s insurrection -placed Richard II. in jeopardy he sought the sanctuary of the ancient -pile. Henry VIII., who was very fond of Waltham, had a private lodging -close by the Abbey, and was often the guest of the abbot. Cranmer was -frequently resident at Waltham; John Foxe lived and wrote his “Book of -Martyrs” here; Thomas Tallis, father of our beautiful church music, was -organist at the Abbey; Thomas Fuller, author of the “Worthies of -England,” was incumbent of the Abbey Church; so also was Bishop Joseph -Hall, author of the “Contemplations”; Bishop George Hall was a native of -the town; and Izaak Walton, who so loved the “gentle Lea,” was here often -on a visit to a relative. - - [Picture: Romeland. Waltham Abbey] - -The bustling train lands the visitor at Waltham Cross Station, in the -county of Herts, and one must proceed for about a mile on foot eastward -to attain the Abbey and town of Waltham Holy Cross, which lie in the -adjoining county of Essex. But after the “mean things that are new” have -been passed, the way is pleasant. The road is bordered on one side for a -goodly distance by the marshlands and crosses many times over the river -Lea, which, as old Fuller humorously observes, “not only parteth Herts -from Essex, but also seven times parteth from itself, and is crossed by -so many bridges.” Beyond the waterside inn on the bridge that spans the -Lea navigation, and displays the comforting sign of the “Old English -Gentleman,” Highbridge Street is entered, and the old town opens out, -with the tower of the Abbey, but just restored to its original dignity of -design, closing in the view. The principal entrance to the Royal -Gunpowder Factory lies just to the left here, and much that is -picturesque and quaint will strike an observant eye on the way. The -diversity in character and style of the houses and shops, the -irregularity of their disposition, with their time-tinted exteriors, and -the bits of garden and splashes of verdant foliage, which break up the -line of bricks and mortar, timber and stucco, give the old street that -peculiar charm which is so often characteristic of an ancient town. - - -Romeland. - - -Just before the Abbey is reached, approached by a way that allows little -more room than is needful for a cart to pass, is an open square of very -old houses, a most picturesque corner of the old town, that bears the -somewhat curious appellation of Romeland. {12} How and why the place -came to be so called it is not easy to determine; but the abbots of -Waltham, whose seat was at Copt Hall, had their London house on or -adjacent to a site in the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill, adjoining what is -now Billingsgate Market, which was also called Romeland. To the rent of -this, as well as the market square at Waltham, the Pope laid claim, and -the latter was then known as Romescot or Peter’s Piece. It is to this -circumstance, probably, that the place owes its name. - -It was in the house of Master Cressy, a long-fronted structure, which -stands on the left of the entrance to Romeland, that, in 1533, Cranmer, -Fox, and Gardiner discussed the question of Henry’s divorce from -Katherine of Aragon. Then it was that Cranmer “struck the keynote of the -Reformation,” by claiming “for the Word of God that supremacy which had -been usurped by the popes for centuries.” Fuller refers to this as a -significant circumstance and says: “Thus did Waltham give Rome the first -deadly blow in England.” - - -A King’s Diversions. - - -Bluff King Hal was very partial to Waltham and enjoyed the hunting in the -forest. He frequently stayed at his house in the Romeland, still -standing at the north-east corner. There are many stories, often with -the “merry monarch” for a hero, connected with his patronage of Waltham. -One day he left his hunting companions and returned to Waltham in the -guise of one of his attendants, and, being invited to the abbot’s table, -ate heartily of the sirloin of beef placed before him, to the great -admiration of his host. “Well fare thy heart,” the latter toasted his -guest, “here is a cup of sack, and remember the grace of thy master. I -would willingly give one hundred crowns on condition that I could feed as -heartily on beef as thou dost! Alas! my weak stomach will hardly digest -the wing of a small rabbit or chicken.” The king pledged his host, and -thanked him; in due time he departed as secretly as he had come. A -little while after, the abbot was suddenly arrested and conveyed to the -Tower, where he was kept for some days on bread and water. Then a -sirloin of beef was set before him, of which he ate heartily. The king -entered in the midst of the meal, and demanded of his prisoner payment of -the hundred crowns, which, when the abbot recognised the trap into which -he had fallen, he gladly paid. - -On another occasion, when Henry was the guest of Sir Henry Colte, of -Nether Hall, Roydon, the latter provided a novel entertainment for his -royal guest. It is related that the knight and his men waylaid the monks -on Waltham marsh one dark night, having been informed by spies that they -were on a visit to Cheshunt nunnery, and, catching them in a buck stall -(a trap used for deer) left them wallowing in the mire until dawn. Then -the “knight of merry conceits” conducted his dejected captives to the -king, and presented them to his majesty as the splendid game he had been -able to secure. King Harry burst into a loud fit of laughter, and -declared that, though he had “often seen sweeter, he had never viewed -fatter venison.” - -The open space (Romeland), with its quaint high-gabled, stuccoed, and -red-brick houses, is a busy scene on Tuesdays, when the cattle market is -held here. On the eastern side, abutting upon the Abbey church, the -tower of which comes charmingly into view over the house tops, is the -ancient corn mill, which was given to the Abbey by Maud, Queen of Henry -I., in 1108, in exchange for the site of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. She also -restored to the Abbey certain lands, which had been alienated, known as -the Abbey fields, which stretch northward from here; and moreover -established two fairs for the town. - -Having so far diverged from the direct road to the Abbey, we may well go -a little further, taking a narrow roadway that runs by the mill leading -to the Abbey fields. - - -The Abbey Gateway. - - -At the termination of half a dozen or so of old houses and cottages, -there comes into view a bridge over the mill stream, giving access to a -beautiful arch, or rather pair of arches, known as the Abbey Gateway. -What remains of this once important structure, which formed the main -entrance to the Abbey and the abbot’s house, consists of the front only -of the old gateway, and comprises two ancient pointed arches, with a -tower on the south side (the corresponding tower on the north has -disappeared). At the spring of the main arch, on either side, are still -traceable the arms of Edward III. on a shield surmounted by an angel. -The gateway was originally approached by a drawbridge, and the porter’s -window in the tower which commanded this still exists. The entrance to -the old monastic buildings was by a pointed doorway in the south wall, -which extends from the gate, now bricked up. This handsome old gateway -also formed the entrance to the mansion erected by Sir Edward Denny, to -whom the abbot’s house was given by Elizabeth. He was the grandson of -Sir Anthony Denny, Chamberlain to Henry VIII., to whom much of the -ecclesiastical property of Waltham was given after the Dissolution. Sir -Edward Denny’s house, which was a large one in the characteristic -Elizabethan style (a central doorway and two projecting wings), is spoken -of by an old chronicler as being “beautiful to behold,” with a spacious -garden of a character “scarcely to be equalled by any private -gentleman’s.” - - [Picture: The Ancient bridge at Waltham Abbey, known as Harold’s Bridge. - A most interesting Architectural Relic] - -Higher up the Corn mill stream, in the Abbey fields, and bordering on the -“pool,” is another beautiful remnant of very early architecture, probably -contemporary with the Abbey church, known as Harold’s Bridge. Tradition -says that in early times this was the only passage across the stream, and -that not only Harold, but Tovi before him, used this bridge, when -proceeding into or from the royal forest of Waltham. It is a most -interesting architectural relic. There are still visible two of the five -beautiful ribs which originally adorned this fine arch. Recently steps -were taken to preserve this interesting monument of antiquity by -restoring the stonework forming the base of the bridge. The Abbey -farmhouse, with its picturesque Elizabethan front, which is said to have -formed the abbot’s stabling in mediæval times, stands to the north-east -of Harold’s Bridge. - - [Picture: Waltham. The Abbey Gateway] - - -The Abbey Church. - - -From the Abbey fields, the finest view of Harold’s noble minster is -obtained, and it is with feelings of pleasant anticipation that one -retraces one’s steps thereto, meditating on the way upon the many strange -and wondrous scenes that have been witnessed on the ground over which one -passes. As the eye wanders over the beautiful lines and the massive, -age-stained walls of the ancient church, the mind is impressed with its -grandeur and its significance as a vast page of England’s story. - -The Abbey church and town of Waltham Holy Cross alike owe their actual -foundation to Tovi the Proud, standard-bearer and chief counsellor to -Cnut, who, delighted by the fine opportunities for hunting which were -afforded by the number of deer running in the great forest of Waltham, -established a settlement here, and founded a convent. Hither, also, Tovi -brought from his manor of Lutegarsbury (Montacute), in Somerset, a -miraculous crucifix, and set it up in the church. The legend of this -Holy Cross, as told in the _De Inventione_ tract, and translated by -Lambarde, is a wonderfully interesting story. - - -The Legend of the Holy Cross. - - -It runs as follows: {17} “In the tyme that Kinge Cnut reigned in Ingland -theare lyved at a Place of the called comonly Lutegarsbyry, in French -Montague, a simple man by occupation a carpenter and by Office Sexton of -his parishe, to whom on a Night appeared a Vision of Christe Crucified -commaundinge him that as sone as Day brake he should goe to the parishe -priest and with him accompanied by his parishioners in solemne -processione to go up to the Toppe of the Hyll adjoyninge and to digge -wheare (if they would beforehand make theimselves by Confession, -Fastinge, and Praier worthy of suche a Revelacion) they should finde a -Crosse, the very sign of Christes passion. This plaine Man, supposinge -it a fantastical Dreame, tooke at first no great Head thereof, save that, -he imparted it with his Wife who also thought it but an Illusion. -Wherefore the Image appeared againe, and so griped him by the Hande that -the Dynt of the Nayles remayned in his Hand to be sene the Daye -followinge. Being thus pricked forwarde on he goeth to the Priest and -discloseth the hole matter. He arrayeth his Parishe, displayeth his -Banners, putteth on Copes and Surplas, and setteth the Carpenter foremost -as his Captaine, they digge awhile and anone they find a great Marble -havinge in it of black Flynt the Image of the Crucifixe so artificially -wroughte as if God himselfe (sayth myne Auteur) had framed it. Under the -right Arme of this Crucifixe thear was a small Image of the same Forme, a -litle Belle also, and a black Booke conteyninge the Text of the four -Evangelists. All this they signified to Tovi le Prude then Lord of the -Soyle, Standarde Bearer to the Kinge and his Chief Councelor, who came to -the place in great Hast and by the advice of his Gents lefte the smalle -cross in the Churche theare determyninge to bestow the greater in suche -Place as God should appointe. Forthewithe therefore he caused to be -yoked twelve red Oxen and so many white Kyne and layeth the Stone in a -Wayne myning if God so wille to cary it to Canterbyrye, but the Cattle -could not by any Force be compelled to draw thytherwarde. When he saw -that he changed his Mynde and bad theim dryve toward his House at -Readinge whearin he had great Delighte, but still the Wayne stode -immoveable notwithstandinge that the Oxen did thear best. At the Lengthe -he remembered a small House that he had begone to buyld at Waltham for -his Disporte and commanded them to make thytherward. Which words he had -no soner spoken but the Wayne of itselfe moved. Now in the way many -weare healed of many Infirmities; amongste the whiche threscore sixe -Parsons’ {18} vowed their labour towarde the Conveiance of this Crosse, -and weare the first Founders of Waltham Towne wheare was nothing before -but only a simple House for this Tovi to repose himself at when he came -thyther to hunte notwithstandinge that he had thereby divers Landes, as -Enfield, Edelmetun, Cetrehunt, Myms, and the hole Baronie that Goffrey of -Maundville the first of that name had. Now when the Crosse was broughte -thyther, Tovi commaunded it to be set up, and while one by Chaunce perced -it with a Nayle the Blood issued out of the Flinte in great Abundance. -Whereat Tovi beinge greatly amazed, fel downe and worshipped it promiseth -before it to manumittee {20} his Bondmen to bestow possession on such as -should deserve it.” - - [Picture: Waltham Abbey one hundred years ago. (Dr. Hughson’s “Circuit - of London,” 1808)] - -The cross gave its name to the place, and over a long series of years -attracted crowds of the devote, the maimed, and diseased to the place. -In 1192 the cross was covered with silver, but the figure of Christ was -left untouched by reason, it is surmised, of a remarkable incident that -had happened a few years previously. On that occasion, the crucifix -being under repair, Robert the Goldsmith, of St. Albans, removed the -circlet round the thigh, when all present were stricken blind for a -considerable time. - - -Harold’s Minster. - - -On the site of Tovi’s foundation Earl Harold, upon whom Waltham and vast -lands had been bestowed by Edward the Confessor, reared and endowed a -magnificent church, which he intended to rival in beauty and importance -King Edward’s abbey church at Westminster. The dean and twelve secular -Black canons who formed the ecclesiastical constitution of Harold’s -foundation, were amply provided for, each of the latter having a manor -and the dean six manors for his maintenance. In later times (1177) Henry -II., on the ground that the canons had grown wasteful and corrupt, -substituted for Harold’s foundation an Augustinian priory, then, seven -years later, raised this to the dignity of an Abbey, installing Walter de -Gaunt, of Oseney, as the first abbot. - -Harold’s church was splendidly adorned, in a manner that suggests, as the -late Bishop Stubbs observes, that the founder had been influenced by -Eastern art. Brazen plates, gilt, were spread over the walls, the -capitals and bases of the massive pillars were curiously carved and -wreathed with the gilded metal; the altar was enriched with elaborate -ornaments, the furniture, reliquaries, and vestments were provided on a -liberal scale. Numerous relics, in addition to the miraculous crucifix, -formed part of the endowment. The consecration of the church probably -took place on May 3, 1060, the Feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross, -which became one of the fair days under the charter of Matilda. -Kinsinge, Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony of consecration, -assisted by most of the English bishops. King Edward and his queen -Edith, sister of Harold, and the flower of the nobility, were present. - -It was here that, scarce six years later, Harold, on his return from -Stamford Bridge, had news of the Norman invasion. He stayed for the -night at his mansion in the park at Nazeing, still called Harold’s Park, -and on the morrow offered up prayers for his success in the Abbey. It is -recorded that the figure of the Saviour on the wondrous crucifix bowed -the head as if to express sorrow for his inevitable fate. He set out for -Senlac accompanied by two of the canons, who, if the omen were fulfilled, -were bidden to bring back with them the body of the founder. Harold’s -war-cry was “Holy Rood.” The canons, true to their trust, recovered the -king’s body, by the aid of Harold’s old love, Editha the “Swan-necked,” -and brought it to Waltham with all possible honours. Here the remains -were interred, being translated from time to time as alterations and -additions to the church necessitated (it was not finally completed until -1125), finding a final resting place near the great altar, about 140 feet -from the present east end of the church. Here a most beautiful and -imposing tomb was erected, but all that remains of this is a curious -piece of carved ironstone representing the face of a warrior, which, -after many vicissitudes, including its use as a fountain ornament, was -returned to the possession of the church a few years ago, and now reposes -on the tomb of Robert Smith in the chancel. - -To the antiquary, the student, and the lover of all that is beautiful in -architecture, the ancient minster offers a boundless store of interest. -In the course of his scholarly observations upon the architecture and -history of the abbey church the late Professor Freeman says: “Barbarous -mutilations and hardly less barbarous additions have entirely destroyed -its character, as seen from without, and even within, both mediæval -alterations of the strangest kind and the accumulated enormities of more -recent days have gone far to ruin the general effect of the original -building. Still a large portion of the original interior remains -untouched; an interior deserving attentive study as one of the noblest -specimens of Northern Romanesque, and invested with a yet higher interest -if we may regard it as called into being by the taste and bounty of the -last of our native kings.” - -The noble edifice was cruciform in plan, with a nave and aisles (all that -now remain), choir, and central tower. The spring of one of the great -arches upon which this latter stood, is plainly visible at the present -east end. This tower fell in 1552, doubtless owing to the destruction of -the choir, and the present western tower was erected about five years -later out of the fragments. The nave consists of seven bays, and is 109 -feet long from east to west, by 55 feet wide, and from the floor to the -beautifully painted ceiling, the work of Sir E. J. Poynter, is a height -of 52 feet. Upon the great pillars that support the arches will be -noticed the spiral and chevron indenting, originally filled with chased -and gilt metal. In some places the rivet holes are still discernible. -The aisles were originally vaulted, and the triforium passage above was -lighted by the circular windows that will be noticed. There are three -tiers of arches: the nave or arcade, the triforium, and the clerestory. -The Rev. J. H. Stamp, in his excellent little history of Waltham, says of -the plan and design of the church that whilst the cruciform plan was -significant of Christ crucified, the twelve pillars represented the -apostles, and the three tiers of arches the Holy Trinity. - - [Picture: The interior of the Abbey Church, Waltham. Drawn by Duncan - Moul] - -The wonderful grandeur and nobility of the interior can well be -appreciated by standing just within the tower and viewing the “long-drawn -aisles” through the great western arch. This arch formed part of the -scheme of restoration and rebuilding which took place at the latter end -of the thirteenth century, when the original Norman doorway was removed -and a grand Decorated west front substituted. This had two turrets on -each side, terminating in octagonal pinnacles of fine proportions and -design, and a beautiful Decorated window appears to have been inserted -over the arch. Unfortunately, the present tower obscures much of this -thirteenth century work. With this scheme of rebuilding, which was -instigated by Abbot Reginald and carried out by his successors, Abbots -Hugh and Robert, is associated a curious and unfortunate defacement or -destruction of a portion of the beautiful Norman arcading. There will be -noticed on either side of the church, near the west end, a high Gothic -arch, sadly out of harmony with the remaining arcading. It is said that -the architect who was first engaged upon the restoration work was -demented, and set about transforming the architectural character of the -church. He removed the elegant filling-in of the triforium and cut away -the lower Norman arches, and after having thus mutilated two tiers of -arches on each side, began upon the third tier on the north side, but was -happily stopped in his crazy efforts by the interference of the abbot, -and his peremptory dismissal. It is to his successor that we owe the -beautiful western doorway and front. This restoration scheme also -included the adornment of the interior with beautiful frescoes, signs of -which are still slightly visible on one or two of the arches. - - -Relics and Monuments. - - -Within the tower of the church are preserved the old stocks and -whipping-post, together with the pillory, which formerly stood on the -site now occupied by the new municipal buildings. In the vestry are also -preserved a number of interesting relics, including a pilgrim’s bottle -and the massive blade of a battle-axe which, tradition avers, was -Harold’s. - -There are many monuments and numerous interesting tablets and memorials. - -Of the monuments the most noticeable is the tomb of Sir Edward Denny and -his wife Margaret, in the chancel. The knight is represented in armour -lying on his left side, the figure of his wife reclining below; their ten -children are carved in relief, in attitudes of prayer, upon the panel -beneath. This Edward Denny was the comrade of Spenser, the poet, and Sir -Philip Sidney, and the captor of the rebel Earl of Desmond. - -Near by stands the effigy of Lady Elizabeth Greville, first cousin to -Lady Jane Grey, widow of Henry Denny (son of Sir Anthony Denny) and wife -of Sir Edward Greville, third son of the ancestor of the present Earl of -Warwick. This effigy is all that remains of an elegant tomb of -alabaster, which formerly stood to the north of the altar. - -On the opposite side of the chancel, near the organ, stands the marble -tomb of Robert Smith, a wealthy seaman of the seventeenth century. The -magnificent choir which was so ruthlessly demolished by Henry VIII. at -the Dissolution contained, in addition to the tomb of the founder, the -handsome sarcophagi of Baron Hugh Nevil, Lord High Justice of England, -temp. Richard I.; Archdeacon Passelew, and numerous abbots, earls, and -knights. - -There are three mural brasses on the south wall, one being to the memory -of Edward Stacey, one of the lay pensioners of the monastery at the time -of the Dissolution, and another to Thomas Colte, second son of Sir John -Colte, of Nether Hall, Roydon. - -The remains of the old choir screen, a beautiful example of carpentry and -carving; the ancient Purbeck marble font; the handsome reredos, and the -fine rose window above; the marks of the chain that once held the great -Bible, on one of the pillars, and many other features are here to -interest the visitor. The handsome stained glass in the Rose window, -depicting the Creation, and the three lights under the arch were designed -by the late Sir Edward Burne-Jones. - -Nor must the beautiful Lady Chapel (the only chapel remaining of five -that were originally attached to the church) be forgotten. This dates -its foundation from 1316, and is by some regarded as one of the richest -specimens of mediæval architecture in England. Its window tracery is -certainly very elegant, though this has undergone considerable -restoration. The interior was originally adorned with statuary and -frescoes, a painting of the Last Judgment occupying the east wall. -Traces of this ancient and curious representation are still discernible. -The remains of the old piscina are also still in existence. Of the crypt -beneath, Thomas Fuller, who, by the way, was for many years incumbent -here, quaintly speaks as being “the finest that I ever saw.” - - -The greatness of the Abbey. - - -Having feasted the eye and the mind on the many beautiful and interesting -features of the ancient fane, one may rest beneath the aged elm tree in -the churchyard, and meditate upon the circumstance that this magnificent -edifice is but a third portion of Harold’s minster, and that only a -fragment of the old monastery which grew up around it in mediæval times, -forming a vast congregation of stately buildings, now remains; that just -as the physical characteristics of the Abbey and its minster were vast -and important, so were its landed possessions, which stretched out far -and wide on all sides; that the immensity of its wealth was such that at -the time of the Dissolution the gross revenue amounted to £1,079 12s. -1d., representing about £15,000 at the present day; whilst the potency of -the abbots, who were mitred and sat in Parliament, was great, and the -splendour of their respective establishments was upon a generous scale. -Some of these abbots, of whom there were thirty in all, were great in the -best sense of the word, and exercised their potency for the good of the -Abbey and the community towards which they stood in the joint relation of -spiritual and temporal overlords. - - -A Feudal Abbot. - - -One of these particularly was a man of vigorous character and determined -spirit, who, “in asserting the rights and privileges of the monastery -during his rule, came into collision with parishioners, neighbours, pope, -and king.” First, differences appear to have arisen between the -parishioners and the abbot as to the former having right of access to the -central tower and bells, which they had enjoyed under Harold’s -foundation. The abbot accordingly shut out the people from this and the -choir (the monastic part of the church) by erecting a stone screen or -wall immediately behind the altar of the parish church (the present -nave). This wall is clearly observable from the outside beneath the Rose -window at the east end, and in this will be seen traces of two doorways -with which it was pierced to allow the dean or parish priest to enter and -minister to the people. There would seem to have been reprisals on the -part of the parishioners, for a little later they disputed the abbot’s -rights of grazing on the marsh, and, resorting to violence, severely -assaulted the keepers and killed the abbot’s horses. For this the -offenders suffered the double penalty of being heavily fined by the -justices of the King’s Bench and excommunicated by the abbot. The -latter, however, did not enforce either, and forgave the erring ones. -Next Abbot Simon was at war with the lord of the manor of Cheshunt, -Peter, Duke of Savoy, who claimed all the land west of the main stream of -the Lea—called the King’s stream—whilst the abbot contended that his -jurisdiction extended to the smaller stream half a mile further west. -The lawsuit which ensued was, as old Fuller says, “as long lived as any -in England,” by reason of “the greatness of the clients”; but it was -finally concluded in favour of the abbot. This occurred in 1248, and -three years later the doughty abbot was setting the pope at defiance by -protesting against the persecution, oppression, and robbery of the -conventual churches by the bishops and legates. Twice also Abbot Simon -successfully resisted the extortionate demands of the king, and -stubbornly refused to enrich the royal treasury at the expense of the -monastery. - -I am afraid I have rather digressed from the main purpose of this little -work in relating some of the deeds of this sturdy abbot, but I think the -brief relation of these may be of some interest as an illustration of the -social and religious conditions of Waltham in mediæval times and of the -wonderful power wielded by these old ecclesiastical potentates. - - -A Conventual Relic. - - -Now to resume the broken thread. The remaining fragment of the -conventual buildings to which I have alluded above consists of a -beautiful little chamber, often spoken of as “an architectural gem,” -which stands in the Abbey gardens. It is locally known by the -undignified appellation of the “potato cellar,” due to its irreverent use -in modern times. It consists of a small longitudinal apartment, with a -beautifully groined ceiling and quadripartite vaulting. It is 29 feet -long, running north and south, and has two doorways, one of which is -blocked up. It is considered to have been either the fratry or an -antechamber to the abbot’s mansion, in which the monks assembled -preparatory to the procession to the church. - -One passes from the churchyard to the market-place—another interesting -corner of the old town—by an ancient lych-gate, adjacent to the Harp Inn, -which is peculiarly interesting as being probably the oldest existing -relic of domestic architecture directly connected with the Abbey, and has -from very early times formed the main entrance to the church. - -Turning sharp to the left, into Sun Street, one is soon in the old main -road that runs from London, by Walthamstow, Chingford, and Sewardstone, -to Nazeing, Roydon, etc. To the left, round by the New Inn, the fine old -wall of the Abbey gardens comes into view, and midway along its extent -will be noticed the sign of the cross and a lozenge (probably a sign -indicative of the Trinity) inserted in black brick. The remains of the -moat, which, with the mill stream, completely surrounded the Abbey, will -also be seen. - -Retracing our steps towards London, a few yards beyond the entry of Sun -Street, will be noticed an old house jutting upon the street, with stucco -and “roughcast” exterior, the entrance to which is by a gate in the -adjoining garden wall. This was the home of John Foxe, the -martyrologist, and here he wrote the famous “Book of Martyrs.” It is -said that Cranmer also occupied this house when resident in Waltham. Its -interior presents many interesting features. In the garden is a tulip -tree, which is probably a descendant of a fine specimen of this arboreal -rarity, which flourished for centuries in the old Abbey gardens. This -tree is said to have been one of the largest and finest of its kind in -all England. Its fame is perpetuated by two finely carved chairs, made -out of the wood of the old tree, which stand within the sacrarium of the -Abbey church. - - [Picture: The home of Foxe the martyrologist at Waltham] - - - -CHAPTER II. -A RAMBLE TO EPPING FOREST AND HIGH BEECH. - - -FROM Foxe’s house it is a pleasant walk to Epping Forest and High Beech. -The way is by Farm Hill (almost opposite Foxe’s house) to Brookside, -thence sharp to the right over the bridge, and up the hill by the old -windmill for a little more than half a mile, to the hamlet known as Honey -lane, where the margin of the fine old forest, the heights of which will -have been viewed on the way, opens out. We turn up by the covered well -and trough into Honey lane itself. Those who may prefer to ensure a -right direction may keep to the roadway, which strikes up the hill -through the forest, and, bearing sharp to the left and right -respectively, leads direct to High Beech. It is more pleasant, perhaps, -to wander through the woodland, and such as would prefer to do this may -strike across the plain to the left of the bridge over the stream, -following the line of the watercourse, then, taking a break in the -thicket that will be found, a clear way called the Verderer’s Path will -soon be entered. Pursuing this to the right (south), we come out at the -top of the hill in Honey lane, near a cyclists’ caution board, and the -way to High Beech, the spire of the church being clearly noticeable, is -then straight along the road. Many a charming peep over the Lea Valley -will have been enjoyed on the way, but from High Beech Plain a panorama -of superb beauty is opened out to view. Those who have hitherto regarded -the home counties of Essex, Middlesex, and Herts as poor, flat, and -featureless parts of our England will be agreeably surprised at the rich -beauty of the landscape which this view of the Lea Valley affords. - - -Tennyson’s home. - - -It was a scene that the late Lord Tennyson, who resided for some years at -Beech Hill Park here, which lies a little to the west of the King’s Oak -Inn, loved and admired, as he also reverenced the ancient town and -minster of Waltham. It was the sonorous bells of Harold’s church that -inspired the beautiful lines of “In Memoriam”: - - “Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky.” - -His noble drama of “Harold,” too, doubtless owes its inception to the -poet’s residence in and intimate connection with this locality. High -Beech church lies a little beyond the King’s Oak Inn and the plain; it is -a modern building in the Gothic style. - -From the church we retrace our steps to the inn named, and make the -historic earthworks known as Ambresbury Banks or Camp (a bee line of -about two miles) our next objective. The road continues beyond the -junction with Honey lane, whence we came, then bears to the right on to -the Wake Arms Inn and the main Epping road, a little less than a mile -along which brings us to the camp, this lying on the east side of the -road. But there is a very pleasant way thither through the heart of the -forest, which I will endeavour to describe. Here, however, I would -suggest that all who wish to enjoy the real beauty of the forest in this -way should take the precaution to carry a reliable compass, for it is -very easy to become confused about the geographical circumstances of -one’s surroundings among the wood and thicket. - -We turn off across the open plain to the right, about 300 yards beyond -the King’s Oak Inn, where will be found a track or walk, which at times -is rather indistinct. Follow this for about half a mile, then turn sharp -to the right (east) through the glade into the valley, skirting the swamp -and Wake Valley ponds (leaving these to the north) on to the main road. -Here we turn to the left and continue to the Wake Arms Inn. Thence the -Theydon road (opposite) is taken, down Jack’s Hill for about half a mile, -and when the Verderers’ Ride is noticed on the left, this is followed to -Ambresbury Banks. This route will take the wanderer through parts of the -forest that are almost unfrequented, where oak and beech and hornbeam -flourish in all their wild grandeur; where many of the fungi and lichens, -for which the forest is so noted, will be met with, as well as many -beautiful flowering plants, rare-winged insects, and most of the birds, -so large and representative a number of which make their home in the -forest. Nor is it at all unlikely that a herd of the forest deer will be -seen, for these graceful creatures generally resort to this part. Upon -the walk one’s mind almost naturally reverts to the days when this 5,000 -odd acres of woodland, now the “people’s playground,” was a mere morsel -of the great forest of Waltham, an almost boundless tract of wild forest -land, which formed the favourite hunting ground for the Saxon, Norman, -Plantagenet, and Tudor kings. - -Of Ambresbury Camp, which we have now attained, much has been said and -written in dispute as to its origin. There, however, seems to be little -doubt that it formed an important British earthwork, and, despite all -that has been said to the contrary, it is extremely probable that it -formed the final stronghold of Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, from which -she and her vast army of Britons issued forth to do battle with the Roman -legions under Suetonius Paulinus, and suffered that terrible defeat of -which history tells us. This is a spot, therefore, that awakens solemn -thoughts. - - -Copt Hall and Upshire. - - -The road back to Waltham turns out of the Epping highway directly -opposite the camp, and takes us by the main entrance and lodges of Copt -Hall, once the stately seat of the abbots of Waltham, who frequently -entertained royal heads, potent princes, and great nobles here. Robert -Fuller, the last abbot, surrendered the beautiful mansion and domain to -Henry VIII. at the Dissolution. In later times Copt Hall was the -residence of the Princess Mary, subsequently the seat of the Earl of -Middlesex, patron of old Thomas Fuller, and is now held by the Wythes -family. Half a mile further on we enter the pretty hamlet of Upshire, -with its broad expanse of green and pretty little church, built a year or -two ago by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., lord of the manor, whose fine -domain of Warlies stretches far away over the undulating country to the -north. The entrance to Warlies is passed at the bottom of the hill. -Thence the way is by a pleasant country road, running through fields and -pastures, with here and there a farm-house or a group of cottages, to -Waltham Abbey again. - - [Picture: The Eleanor Cross at Waltham] - - - -CHAPTER III. -WALTHAM CROSS AND THEOBALDS - - -WALTHAM CROSS, which is not to be confounded with Waltham Holy Cross, -commonly called Waltham Abbey, for whilst the latter is in Essex, the -former is in Hertfordshire, and forms part of the parish of Cheshunt. To -reach Waltham Cross, the visitor must retrace his steps towards the -railway, and passing over this, the historic monument, which stands at -the junction with the old Great North Road—is reached by a walk of five -minutes’ duration. - -Waltham Cross was one of the several similar monuments erected to the -memory of Queen Eleanor by her devoted husband, Edward I. She died at -Herdby, near Grantham, on November 12, 1290, whence her remains were -conveyed to Westminster for interment by stages which were marked by ten -crosses. Of these only the crosses at Geddington, Northampton, and -Waltham remain. - -Waltham Cross has long been admired as an elegant specimen of Early -English or Middle Pointed architecture. It is hexagonal in form, and -consists of three handsome stages or storeys, each terminated by an -embattled frieze, whilst the angles are respectively supported by a -graduated buttress, ornamented with foliated finials. Within the panels -of the lower storey are shields bearing the arms of England, Castile, and -Leon and Poictou; whilst statues of Queen Eleanor occupy niches on the -second storey. - - -The Four Swans Inn. - - -Each corner of the road that here debouches upon the main high road is -occupied by an inn, that nearer London being the Falcon, and the other -the Four Swans. Both are survivals of that period of prosperity when the -coaches between London and Cambridge sped along the road. Whilst, -however, the Falcon has been rebuilt in recent times—a work which made -possible the widening of the roadway and the preservation of the -Cross—the Four Swans retains very much of its old-time glory, and its -sign is still stretched across the main street, forming an advertisement -of such a conspicuous character as would not be admissible now-a-days. -The interior of this inn possesses many of those interesting features -which are generally attached to old coaching and posting houses, and in -its oldest portion is a handsome Jacobean staircase. Its foundation, -however, dates far beyond even coaching days, for the house originally -formed part of the possessions of the Abbey, of which it was a guest -house, whilst the Abbot’s manorial court was held here. The oldest part -of the house is that to the left of the gateway on entering, and it is -highly probable that the suite of rooms in which the tenants -assembled—described by Dr. Stukeley in 1752 as being “where the chimneys -are”—were contained in this wing, whilst the older portion of the -spacious apartment over the gateway, now used as a masonic hall, formed -the abbot’s court-room. At other times the place was used for the -lodgement of pilgrims and similar purposes. The sign of the Four Swans, -the only one that I have met with, is derived from the arms of Earl -Harold, whose shield had emblazoned upon it a cross with four swans. - - [Picture: The Eleanor Cross, showing detail of carving. From - “Picturesque Hertfordshire.” Drawn by Duncan Moul] - - [Picture: Theobalds, formerly the favourite residence of King James I.] - - -Theobalds. - - -With the Abbey, the Cross, and the Four Swans Inn we leave behind us, it -may be said, associations with and monuments of mediæval times, and enter -upon the later, but no less stirring epoch of English history which is -marked by the Tudor, Jacobean, and Commonwealth periods, by a visit to -the historic seat of Theobalds, or Tibbles, as it is locally called. The -entrance to the park is from the high road, close to Theobalds Grove -Station on the Great Eastern Railway branch line to Cheshunt. As one -saunters through the long leafy aisle, there comes to mind the reference -to this famous seat and its locality in old Izaak Walton’s famous -classic, the “Complete Angler,” wherein the angler, the hunter, and the -falconer, each commends his recreation; Piscator avows his intention of -going “this fine, fresh May morning,” as far as Ware, whereupon Venator -says his purpose is to “drink my morning draught at the Thatched House, -Hoddesdon,” and Anceps rejoins: “Sir, I shall, by your favour, bear you -company as far as Theobalds, and there leave you; for then I turn up to a -friend’s house, who mews a hawk for me, which I now long to see.” The -present house of Theobalds, which is the seat of Lady Meux, is modern, -having been erected in 1768, and, though large, is not beautiful. A view -of the house and gardens can be obtained by taking the footpath on the -left, running along the bank of the New River, the stream being widened -into a lake here, and creating a very pretty feature of the Park lands. - -[Picture: Temple Bar. In its new home, at the main entrance to Theobalds - Park] - -The main entrance to the house is by the famous Temple Bar, which stands -a little further along the drive from which the path has been taken. A -more beautiful setting for Wren’s wonderful gateway it would scarcely be -possible to conceive or create, and I know not another gateway entrance -to a private park or domain throughout the country that is more beautiful -than this. The nobility of its lines, the grandeur of the design, and -the beauty of the stone are here all thrown into wonderful relief by the -rich green of the foliage which forms the setting of the gate. One -cannot help wondering what Dr. Johnson, or Sir Joshua Reynolds, or -Charles Lamb, to all of whom the old gate that marked the western -boundary of the city was familiar, would have said if they could have -seen it transported to its present position. They were all ardent lovers -of the town, and would certainly have lamented its loss from their Fleet -Street. The Doctor would probably have said, “Sir! it is a vile outrage -upon the City of London.” Yet I think their artistic perceptions would -have compelled them to admit that its new home endowed it with a grandeur -that it never before possessed. - -Theobalds and its immediate vicinity is very rich in historic incidents. -With it are associated the lives and deeds of Cardinal Wolsey, the great -Lord Burleigh, Queen Elizabeth, James I., Charles I., the Cromwells, and -others. - -Theobalds formed one of the six manors into which was parcelled the -parish of Cheshunt, which itself at the time of the Conquest formed a -manor in the Honour of Richmond, conferred upon Earl Alan by his uncle, -William the Conqueror. The origin of the name is unknown, but in 1441 we -find the manor of Theobalds was granted by the Crown to the hospital of -St. Anthony, in London. About the middle of the sixteenth century it was -conferred upon William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burleigh, Secretary of -State to Edward VI. and Elizabeth. In July, 1564, the queen paid her -trusty counsellor a visit here, and was so pleased with her reception and -the beauty of the place, that she expressed her intention of returning -hither at a future date. Cecil accordingly demolished the old grange and -erected a spacious and handsome mansion for her majesty’s reception. - -A contemporary biographer of Cecil has pertinently observed, “He buylt -three houses; one in London for necessity, another at Burghley, of -computency for the mansion of his Barony, and another at Waltham for his -younger sonne, which at the first he meant but for a little pile, as I -have hard him saie, but after he came to enterteyne the Quene so often -there he was inforced to enlarge it, rather for the Quene and her greate -traine and to sette poore on worke, than for pompe or glory, for he ever -said it wold be to big for the smalle living he cold leave his sonne.” -The same author also says Cecil “greatlie delighted in making gardens, -fountaines, and walkes, which at Theobalds were perfected most costly, -bewtyfully and pleasauntly, while one might walk twoe myle in the walkes -before he came to their ends.” - -Norden has remarked of Cecil’s new house: “To speake of the state and -beauty thereof at large as it deserveth for curious Buildings, -delightfull walkes and pleasaunt conceits within and without and other -Thinges very glorious and elegant to be seene, would challenge a great -portion of this little treatise, and therefore leaste I should come short -of that one commendation that it deserveth, I leave it as indeede it is, -a princely seate.” - -Vallens, in his “Tale of Two Swannes” (1590) also pays a graceful tribute -to Cecil and old Theobalds in the following lines: - - “Now see these Swannes, the new and worthy seate - Of famous Cecil, tresorer of the land, - Whose wisdome, counsell, skill of princes’ state - The world admires; then Swannes may do the same: - The house it selfe doth shewe the owner’s wit, - And may for beautie, state and every thing, - Compared be with most within the land.” - - - -James I. and Theobalds. - - -Lord Burleigh was succeeded in 1598 by his second son, Robert, first Earl -of Salisbury, who here entertained James I. for four days on his way from -Scotland to London to take possession of the throne, as well as the Lords -of the Council, who were here to do homage to the son of Mary, Queen of -Scots. In July, 1606, James again visited the earl at Theobalds, -together with the King of Denmark, and their majesties were entertained -with great magnificence during a stay of five days. The account of the -proceedings related by a contemporary chronicler furnishes us with an -interesting if not very edifying glimpse into the ways and manners of -Court life in the seventeenth century. Much of the period of their -majesties’ stay at Theobalds appears to have been occupied by a series of -masques and debauches. At one of the pageants the King of Denmark -represented Solomon, and a lady of the Court, in the character of the -Queen of Sheba, proceeded to perform her part by laying gifts at the -monarch’s feet. She had, however, imbibed so freely of the fine wines -supplied from the Cecil cellar that she was unable to retain her balance, -and fell, sprawling, into the lap of the king. Rising from his -magnificent throne, the latter attempted to dance with the “fallen” -queen, but the royal legs being as unsteady as those of the lady, the -twain cut a sorry sight, and his majesty had to be carried away -ignominiously to his chamber. “Now did appear,” writes the chronicler, -who would seem to have been one of the guests, “Faith, Hope, and Charity. -Hope did essay to speak, but wine did render her endeavours so feeble -that she withdrew. Faith was then all alone, for I am certain she was -not joined by Good Works, and left the Court in a staggering condition. -Charity came then to the king’s feet, and soon returned to Hope and -Faith, who were both sick in the lower hall.” - -So delighted was King Jamie with Theobalds and the hunting afforded by -its domain, as well as in the adjoining Enfield Chase and Waltham Forest, -that he prevailed upon the noble owner to exchange it for Hatfield, and -the latter has since that time (1608) remained the home of the Cecils. -The king enlarged the park of Theobalds, which he enclosed with a wall -ten miles in circumference. He passed nearly all his leisure here, and -died at Theobalds on March 25, 1625. - -Charles I. also received homage at Theobalds upon his succession to the -throne, but he had not that affection for the place which his father -displayed. He retired hither, however, at the end of 1641, or beginning -of 1642, to escape the unpleasantness of State affairs, and in February -of the latter year here received the solemn remonstrance of Parliament. -Hence he set out a month later, with a body of adherents, to raise the -Royal Standard at Nottingham. It is by some stated that the unfortunate -king wrote a portion of the “Eikon Basilike” at Theobalds. - -That strange passion for destruction which possessed Cromwell and the -Parliamentarians moved these ignorant sectarians to destroy the handsome -palace reared by Lord Burleigh, and enlarged and beautified by James I.; -its rich contents were dispersed, and its beautiful gardens ruthlessly -destroyed. - -Charles II. bestowed the manor of Theobalds upon General Monk—for the -consideration of £12,067 6s. 8d.—and created him Duke of Albemarle. It -descended to the Duke of Montagu, and later to the Cromwell family, then -with the estate of Cheshunt Park to the Russells, subsequently became the -property of Sir George Prescott, and finally was purchased by the late -Sir Henry Meux, Bart. In 1712, when Sir Thomas Abney lived at Theobalds, -he persuaded Dr. Isaac Watts to retire hither. During his thirty-six -years’ residence here the learned divine wrote his famous hymns and -songs, and died in 1748 at the age of seventy-four. - - - -CHAPTER IV. -CHESHUNT AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. - - -OLD Cheshunt village is a little less than a mile north of Theobalds by -the road that turns up the hill, opposite Temple Bar, to Bury Green, -thence leaving the cemetery on the left. A pleasant old-fashioned inn, -where the magisterial business was dispensed for many years, and a small -cluster of houses form the old village to-day, with Cheshunt College, a -foundation by Selina Countess of Huntingdon, for the training of -Nonconformist ministers, hard by, and the fine old parish church reposing -in its ample “God’s Acre,” opposite. But in quite recent times the -builder has been busy in this locality, and at the bottom of the village -a good many houses of the suburban villa type have been erected. The -most populous part of Cheshunt has grown up along either side of the high -road, here known as Cheshunt Street, nearly half a mile distant, -eastward, leaving the old village isolated, as it were. But it was here -that stood the fine old mansions for which the parish was once famed, -grouped around and about the church. Of these more presently. Meantime -a walk may profitably be taken along Church Gate, whence proceeding -between some handsome old sixteenth century houses, with overhanging -fronts, one steps into a street or lane that wears a most charming air of -antiquity. At the bottom is the old Free school, founded by Robert -Dewhurst in 1640, the building forming an interesting example of the -domestic Tudor-Jacobean transition style. - - -A strange Custom. - - -Cheshunt is the modernised form of the Roman Cestrehunt. A British -encampment is said to have existed here, a little to the west of the -ancient Ermine Street, upon the track of which the high road now runs. -What may be the remains of this exist in a field lying on the west of the -churchyard and close to the cemetery. It is also recorded that a bank or -earthen wall extended in early times through this parish, which is -believed to have been the boundary of the East Saxons. In connection -with this bank a curious custom exists. By this, if a copyholder dies -seised of land on the west, or above bank, the right of succession falls -to the eldest son, but if it is below the bank then to the youngest son. - - [Picture: In the village at Cheshunt] - -Cheshunt parish is an extensive one, and its physical aspect wonderfully -varied, with a richly wooded undulating surface. There are many elevated -situations from 300 to 354 feet above sea-level, and from most of these -beautiful views of the surrounding country are to be enjoyed. The -district, too, abounds in charming walks, and field paths are numerous. -Large areas are devoted to fruit culture, roses, horticultural nurseries, -and market gardens. Quite a feature of the place are the extensive rose -nurseries of Messrs. Paul and Son in the high road, and these are well -worthy a visit by lovers of flowers, to whom they are at all times -accessible. - -It was to old Pengelly House, which stood in its spacious grounds (now -built over), opposite Cheshunt College, that Richard Cromwell, the -deposed Protector, retired after his return from the Continent in 1680. -He spent his remaining days here as the guest of Sergeant Pengelly, -afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in the name of Clarke. - - -Cheshunt Great House. - - -A little beyond the old village, on the road that runs to Goff’s Oak and -Cheshunt Common—a beautiful breezy height—stands a structure that strikes -one as odd in form and character. It is isolated and alone, occupying a -slight elevation, and little conjecture is needed to recognise this as -the remains of an old moated mansion. It is known as the Great House, -and believed to have originally been the Palace of Waltham, of which -ancient records speak, and later served as the seat of the lord of the -manor of St. Andrews-le-Motte. The foundations of this structure are by -some authorities considered to date back to the fifteenth century, and a -well-known local antiquary asserts that it was built 1380–90, as the -palace for Cardinal Henry Beaufort, second son of John of Gaunt. The -original house was a quadrangular Gothic building, surrounded by a moat, -of which traces are clearly discernible. A considerable portion of the -structure was demolished in 1801. The Great House long formed a dower -palace of the queens of England, and in 1519 was granted to Cardinal -Wolsey. - - [Picture: Cheshunt Great House] - -Though it is difficult to be precise and certain about the history of -this interesting old building, there can be no doubt about its being a -very old foundation, and having formed part of a large and important -domestic structure. The great hall, which is the chief feature of the -remains, is a very noble apartment, and must belong to a period earlier -than the Tudors. It is 27 feet long by 21 feet wide, with a height of 36 -feet to the centre of the arched roof. This is supported by ribs of -chestnut wrought in the Gothic style. The sides are wainscoted, and the -floor is paved with black and white marble. On the walls hang numerous -portraits of kings and queens, statesmen, and others, most of them -attributed to great masters. All I should like to say about them is that -as portraits many are interesting. There are also some examples of chain -and other armour and various weapons of war, as well as some curious -pieces of furniture, said to have belonged to the mighty Cardinal. -Several other apartments are open to visitors, and in one is a quaint -rocking-horse reported to have belonged to Charles I., who was, of -course, frequently at Theobalds in the days of his childhood. Grim and -tragic stories are told about the underground chambers of this old place. - - -Cheshunt Church. - - -The handsome old parish church of St. Mary’s, which is seen from the -Great House, pleasantly and serenely ensconced amid rich arboreal -surroundings, is reached by a path through the fields opposite. Though -its foundation dates back to a period anterior to the Conquest, for the -church then existing was presented to the canon of the priory of Fulgar, -in Brittany, by Constance, daughter of William of Normandy, the present -church is a building of the sixteenth century, in the early Perpendicular -or Transition style. It was erected by Nicholas Dixon, Clerk of the Pipe -Office and Baron of the Exchequer, who held the Rectory, temp. Henry VI. -Like many another parish church this of Cheshunt has undergone numerous -alterations and additions, ill-planned restorations and barbaric -effacements, but the survival is a beautiful building, of noble -proportions and of no slight architectural interest. Perhaps its most -noticeable feature is the fine stone and flint embattled tower, with an -octagon cupola at the south-east corner. This probably replaced the -spire which originally graced the tower, and from a date on the lead -beneath would seem to have been erected in 1811. From another angle -formerly projected a cresset, very similar to that on Hardley Church, -near Barnet. The precise use of these old beacon lights on churches -seems not to be very clear, but they were probably used as signals of -alarm in troublous times. - - [Picture: The Parish Church, Cheshunt] - -Few who enter this church by the handsome doorway at the base of the -tower, the armorial ornamentation of which is worthy notice, will fail to -admire the view which is afforded when standing beneath the noble western -arch of the lower wall, by the handsome nave and chancel, lighted by a -clerestory, and closed in by an open timber roof, the latter beautifully -painted. There is a good deal to interest one within the church. There -will be noticed a modern Rood screen across the chancel front, and -originally there existed a very handsome screen of this character, access -to which was gained by a small staircase on the southern side, which was -clumsily demolished at the restoration in 1872. In the chancel pavement -is a brass to Nicholas Dixon, the founder, whilst a Gothic altar tomb of -Purbeck marble occupies a recess in the north wall. The latter is to the -memory of Robert Dacres, of Cheshunt, Privy Councillor to Henry VIII. -Other notable monuments are those of Sir Henry Atkins, physician to James -I. and Charles, Daniel Dodson and Margaret Lady Whatton, whose virtues -are thus recited: - - “Fair as an Angel, virtuous as a saint, - Whose beauty and whose grace no art can paint, - Highly belov’d by all and so admir’d, - As much bewail’d when she from hence retir’d, - Her soul so pure from earth to Heaven soar’d, - There to enjoy the God she here enjoy’d,” etc. - -Between the nave and chancel on either side is a curious ornamental -opening pierced through the wall. What purpose these served it is hard -to determine. In the tower chamber, which has a beautiful vaulted roof, -is the ancient octagonal font of Purbeck marble, as well as the very old -alms chest or poor man’s box, with three fine hasps and locks, and -strongly bonded with iron. In the churchyard stand a large square tomb, -the burial place of the Cromwell family for several generations. - -The Cromwells held Cheshunt Park, which lies a little less than a mile -north of the church, beyond Flamstead End. This pleasant little hamlet -would seem by its name to furnish another link with Saxon times, for -Flamstead in Anglo-Saxon would mean “place of refuge.” - -The manor of Cheshunt Park originally belonged to the Crown, but was -purchased by Sir William Cecil in 1570, and became merged in the manor of -Theobalds. It was seized with other Crown lands by the Parliament in -1650, and then leased to William Groff. Thence it passed to the -Cromwells and Russells. Mrs. Russell was the last person who bore at -birth the name of Cromwell, through direct male descent. Her father, -Oliver, great-grandson of Henry, son of the Protector, was very desirous -of leaving his name to his son-in-law, and applied several times for the -royal licence for Mr. Russell to assume it. But the king, George III., -always refused, saying, “No! no! No more Oliver Cromwells!” There is a -plan of the park made in connection with a survey in 1611, in the British -Museum, and it is therein stated to be “in length just 3 myles and in -circuit along the paile 8 myle lack 30 poles.” - -At the northern extremity of the parish, along the high road, lies the -hamlet of Turnford, still a picturesque little spot, though now given -over to the builder and market gardener. Scores of acres of glasshouses -exist here. In early times, however, the famous nunnery of the -Benedictines extended along the eastern side of the road here. At the -Dissolution this, with other lands in the parish, fell into the -possession of that “old land grabber,” as a Herts antiquary has dubbed -Sir Anthony Denny. Nothing now remains of the nunnery. - -Cheshunt Street contains a good many interesting examples of old domestic -architecture. There is rather a curious structure here known locally as -the Round House, which has been in the family of the present owner since -the time of Elizabeth. It was built by a descendant of one of -Elizabeth’s sea captains, who was engaged in the seven years’ war. He -settled down here, and called it Effingham Place. - - -The heights of Cheshunt - - -The highlands of Cheshunt are all of a beautiful character, and the -climate of these elevated situations is particularly healthful, the air -being clear and bracing. To the north lie Hammond Street, Appleby -Street, and the beautiful sylvan hamlet of Beaumont Manor; to the west is -the pleasant old village of Goff’s Oak, with pretty Newgate Street -beyond, and the noble domain of Wood Green Park adjacent. More to the -north is the picturesque old hamlet of Cuffley, to the curative waters of -whose well King James frequently repaired. From Cuffley one may enjoy a -very fine view of the Lea Valley and the richly timbered undulations of -Epping Forest. The little place is effectually cut off from the affairs -of ordinary civilisation, and is as isolated as a hamlet in the heart of -Warwickshire. - -Goff’s Oak is a pretty little place, with many interesting features about -it. Its numerous cottages—there is only one good-sized house—lie, -irregularly disposed on either side of the road, often behind ample -gardens beautiful with lilies and larkspur, rocket, wallflowers, -hollyhocks, and other old-time flowers. It gains its name from a famous -old oak tree, said to have been planted by one of William the Conqueror’s -heroes, Sir Theodore Godfrey, to whom lands here had been assigned (hence -Godfrey’s—Geoffrey’s Oak—Geoff’s—Goff’s Oak). The venerable tree, of -which only the trunk now remains, has a girth of over twenty feet at -three feet from the ground. It reminds one of the beautiful lines of -Dryden: - - “The Monarch Oak, the Patriarch of the Trees, - Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees; - Three centuries he grows, and three he stays, - Supreme in state; and in three more decays.” - - [Picture: Decorative footer] - - - - -A CHRONOLOGY OF WALTHAM HOLY CROSS, -OTHERWISE WALTHAM ABBEY. - - - BY THE REV. J. H. STAMP. - - 54 B.C. The British Prince Caswallon encamps at Waltham. - circ. A.D. 64. Defeat, death, and burial of Queen Boadicea near - Warlies, in this Parish. - A.D. 894. King Alfred floods Waltham Marshes and discomfits - the Danes. - circ. 1030. Discovery of the Holy Cross of Waltham at - Montacute, in Somerset. Tovi, Canute’s Standard - Bearer, builds the first Parish Church of - Waltham. - 1059. Earl Harold, afterwards King, erects his Norman - Church on the site of Tovi’s Church. - 1060. Consecration of Harold’s Church on May 3rd, in - the presence of King Edward the Confessor. - 1062. Foundation of Harold’s secular college. - 1066–7. Burial of King Harold before the High Altar. - 1177. Harold’s College dissolved and Augustinian Priory - founded by Henry II. - 1184. Waltham Priory becomes Waltham Abbey. - 1201. Hugh Nevil, the Crusader and High Justice, - interred in the Choir. - 1252. Interment of Archdeacon Passelew, - Bishop-designate of Chichester. - 1286–1370. Restoration of Nave of Parish Church, Decorated - West Front inserted, and Lady Chapel erected. - 1290. The body of Queen Eleanor deposited in the Church - for one night. - 1291–2. Erection of Eleanor Memorial at Waltham Cross. - 1307. King Edward the First’s body rests for three - months near Harold’s Tomb. - circ. 1370. Erection of the Abbey Gateway and Walls. - 1400. Abbot William de Harleston assists at the Funeral - of Richard II., at Kings Langley. - circ. 1509. Stained Glass Window, presented to Waltham by - Henry VIII., now in St. Margaret’s, Westminster. - 1528–29. Henry VIII. at Waltham. Cranmer meets Fox and - Gardiner in the Homeland, near the Abbey of - Waltham, and strikes the keynote of the - Reformation. - circ. 1530–40. The King places Waltham at the head of his scheme - of new Bishoprics. Thomas Tallis, Organist of - the Abbey. - 1540. Monastery dissolved on March 24th. Abbot, Robert - Fuller, Ex-prior of St. Bartholomew’s, - Smithfield. - 1540–52. Destruction of the Monastery, Choir, Transepts, - Eastern Chapels, and Central Tower. Estates - granted to Sir Anthony Denny. - 1556–58. Present Tower erected at the West End. Five - Abbey Bells sold to provide funds for the - completion of the Steeple. - 1563. Parish Registers commenced. - 1565. John Foxe, the Martyrologist, resides at Waltham. - 1600. Sir Edward Denny, Knt. (comrade of Sir Philip - Sidney and Spenser, the Poet), interred in the - Chancel. - 1605–27. Dr. Joseph Hall, author of the Contemplations, - &c., Incumbent of the Parish, afterwards Bishop - of Exeter and Norwich. - 1613. Birth of Dr. George Hall, third son of Bishop - Hall, at Waltham Abbey. He became Archdeacon of - Canterbury and Bishop of Chester. - 1619. Lady Elizabeth Greville, cousin to Lady Jane - Grey, interred in the Abbey Church. - 1637–38. Edward, Baron Denny of Waltham, and Earl of - Norwich, interred in the Chancel; also his wife, - the Lady Mary Cecil, Granddaughter of Lord - Burleigh. - 1648–58. Dr. Thomas Fuller, Church Historian, incumbent of - Waltham. - circ. 1656. Six Bells presented by the Parishioners. - 1660. James Haye, the second Earl of Carlisle and Baron - of Waltham, interred in the Chancel. - 1668. Restoration of Church and Lady Chapel. - 1798–1810. Repair and alteration of Tower. Two Bells added. - circ. 1837–40. Lord Tennyson resides at Beech Hill Park in this - Parish. - 1848–50. Dr. W. H. Cummings (Principal of Guildhall School - of Music), Organist of Abbey Church. - 1853. Great West Doorway Restored: Ambrose Poynter, - Esq., Architect. - 1859–60. Restoration of Interior: W. Burges, Esq., - Architect. East Windows designed by Sir E. - Burne-Jones. Ceiling painted by Sir E. J. - Poynter, P.R.A. - 1876. Restoration of the Lady Chapel by Sir T. Fowell - Buxton, Bart. - 1879–93. Reconstruction and completion of the Organ. - 1882. Lord Frederick Cavendish at Waltham the Sunday - before his assassination in Phœnix Park on May - 6th, when Queen Victoria visited the Parish, and - declared “the Royal Forest of Waltham free and - open to the Public for ever.” - 1886. Carved Oak Screen, presented by the Parishioners, - in memory of Rev. J. Francis, Vicar of the Parish - 1846–85. - 1887. Illuminated Memorial Clock and Westminster chimes - presented by J. Parnell, Esq., J.P. - 1901–2. Erection of St. Thomas’ Mission Church, near - Warlies Park, by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., - G.C.M.G. - 1902. Unveiling of Rough Riders’ Memorial Tablet by Sir - Ian Hamilton. - 1904–5. Repair of upper stage of the Tower, rebuilding of - parapet with battlements and turrets in - accordance with the original design of 1556–8. - -INDEX. - - PAGE -Abbey Gateway, The 14 -,, Waltham 9 -Abbots of Waltham 26 -Ambresbury Camp 33 -Architecture of the Abbey 22 - -Beech, High 31 -Beech Hill Park 32 -Brasses in the Abbey 25 - -Cheshunt 44 -Cheshunt Church 48 -,, College 44 -,, Free School 44 -,, Park 50 -Churches:— - The Abbey 9 - Cheshunt 48 - High Beech 32 - Upshire 34 -Copt Hall 32 - -Eleanor Cross, Waltham, The 35 -Eleanor, Queen 10 -Ermine Street 44 - -Four Swans, The 35 -Foxe, John 29 -Fuller, Thomas 10 - -Goff’s Oak 51 -Great House, Cheshunt, The 46 -Gunpowder Factory 12 - -Harold’s Bridge 16 -Harold, King 20 -Harold’s Burial Place 21 -Henry VIII. and Waltham 13 -High Beech 31 -High Beech Church 32 -History of Waltham Abbey 9 -Holy Cross, The 17 -Honey Lane 31 - -James I., King 42 - -King’s Oak Inn, The 32 - -Lady Chapel, The 26 -Lea Navigation, The 12 -Legend of the Holy Cross 17 - -Market Place, Waltham 28 - -Pillory, The 24 -Potato Cellar, The 28 - -Reformation, The Keynote of the 13 -Romeland 12 -Rose Nurseries, Cheshunt 46 -Round House, Cheshunt 51 - -Stocks, Waltham, The 24 - -Temple Bar 40 -Tennyson, Lord 32 -Theobalds 38 -Tombs 25, 49 -Tovi the Proud 17 -Turnford 51 - -Upshire 34 -,, Church 34 - -Wake Arms Inn, The 32 -Waltham Abbey 9, 17 -,, History of 9 -,, and Henry VIII. 13 -Waltham Cross 35 -Watts, Dr. 43 -Whipping Post, The 24 - -ADVERTISEMENTS. {ii} - - -THE HOMELAND HANDBOOKS. - - - A DELIGHTFUL SERIES OF ILLUSTRATED - TOPOGRAPHICAL GUIDES. - - With Maps and Plans. - - Cloth. Paper. -1 Tonbridge for the Angler, the 1/- 6d. - Holiday-maker and the Resident. By - Stanley Martin and Prescott Row -2 Tunbridge Wells of To-Day. By 1/- 6d. - Stanley Martin and Prescott Row. - Second Edition in preparation. - Ordnance Map. -3 “London Town.” By Eric Hammond. 1/- 6d. - With Map. -4 “Lyonesse”: The Isles of Scilly. 1/- 6d. - With Introduction by the late Sir - Walter Besant. Fourth Edition in - preparation. Ordnance Map. -5 “Wolfe-Land”: The Westerham District, 2/- 1/- - Kent. By Gibson Thompson. Third - Edition. Ordnance Map -6 “Kent’s Capital”: Maidstone. By 1/- 6d. - Stanley Martin and Prescott Row. - Second Edition. With Map. -7 Croydon, New and Old. By Edward A. 1/6 6d. - Martin, F.G.S., and J. E. Morris, - B.A. Third Edition. With Map. -8 Dartmoor and its Surroundings. By 2/- 1/- - Beatrix F. Cresswell. Fourth - Edition. Edited by William Crossing. - With two Ordnance Maps. -9 Rochester and Chatham with Pen and 1/6 6d. - Camera. By A. G. Munro, B.A. Second - Edition. With Map. -10 Reigate and Redhill. By T. Francis 1/- 6d. - W. Hamilton. Second Edition. With - Ordnance Map. -11 “Surrey’s Capital”: Guildford and 1/6 6d. - District. By J. E. Morris, B.A. - Third Edition. With Map. -12 Dulverton and District: The Country 1/6 6d. - of the Wild Red Deer. By F. J. - Snell, B.A. Second Edition. Cloth - Edition contains Map. -13 Farnham and its Surroundings. By 2/- 1/- - Gordon Home. With Introduction by - the late Edna Lyall. Second Edition. - With Ordnance Map. -14 Godalming and its Surroundings. By 1/6 6d. - T. F. W. Hamilton. With Map. Second - Edition in preparation. -15 Teignmouth and its Surroundings. By 1/6 6d. - Beatrix F. Cresswell. With Map. -16 Hastings and St. Leonards. By W. H. 1/6 6d. - Sanders. With Plan. -17 Epsom and its Surroundings. By 1/6 9d. - Gordon Home. With a Prefatory Note - by “A.R.” With Map. -18 Minehead, Porlock, and Dunster: The 1/- 6d. - Seaboard of Exmoor. By C. E. Larter. - Second Edition. With Ordnance Map. -19 Cranbrook: The Town of the Kentish 1/6 6d. - Weald. By Stanley Martin. Second - Edition. With Map. -20 Dawlish, and the Estuary of the Exe. 1/- 6d. - By Beatrix F. Cresswell. Cloth - Edition contains Map. -21 St. Albans: Its Abbey and its 2/6 1/- - Surroundings. By C. H. Ashdown, - F.R.G.S., F.C.S. With Ordnance Map. -22 Bromley, Beckenham and Chislehurst. 2/6 1/- - By George Clinch. Introduction by - Philip Norman, F.S.A. With Ordnance - Map. -23 Exeter and the Cathedral. By Beatrix 1/- 6d. - F. Cresswell. With Plan. -24 Kingston-upon-Thames and Surbiton. 2/6 1/- - By Dr. W. E. St. L. Finny. With - Ordnance Map. -25 Evesham and its Neighbourhood, 1/6 1/- - including Broadway. By William - Smith. With Map. -26 Petworth and Mid-West Sussex. By L. 1/- — - C. Barnes. With Map. (Cloth only). -27 Newquay, The Vale of Lanherne and 1/- 6d. - Perranzabuloe. By Fanny Goddard. - With Ordnance Map. -28 Haslemere and Hindhead. By Joseph E. 2/- 1/- - Morris, B.A. Second Edition. With - Ordnance Map. -29 Taunton and Taunton Deane. By 2/3 1/- - Beatrix F. Cresswell. Map. -30 Littlehampton, Arundel and Amberley. 1/- 6d. - By Rev. W. Goodliffe, M.A. Ordnance - Map. -31 Tavistock: “The Western Gate of 1/- 6d. - Dartmoor.” By William Crossing. - Introduction by the Rev. S. - Baring-Gould. Ordnance Map. -32 Plymouth: “The Metropolis of the 1/- 6d. - West.” By W. H. K. Wright. Ordnance - Map. -33 The Chalfont Country, South Bucks. 1/6 1/- - By S. Graveson. Introduction by the - Rev. W. H. Summers. Ordnance Map. -34 Dunstable: The Downs and the 2/- 1/- - District. By Worthington G. Smith, - F.L.S., F.A.I., F.R.S.A., Ireland. - With two Maps, showing, the - antiquities and Plans. -35 The Quantock Hills: Their Combes and 2/6 — - Villages. By Beatrix F. Cresswell. - With Ordnance Map (Cloth only). -36 Oxted, Limpsfield and Edenbridge with 1/- 6d. - their Surroundings. By Gordon Home. - Ordnance Map. -37 Lynton, Lynmouth and the Lorna Doone 1/- 6d. - Country. By Joseph E. Morris, B.A. - Ordnance Map. -38 Horsham with its Surroundings. By W. 2/- 1/- - Goodliffe, M.A. With a Chapter on - Christ’s Hospital by R. H. Hamilton. - Ordnance Map. -39 Seaford and Newhaven with their 1/- 6d. - Surroundings. By George Day. - Ordnance Map. -40 Huntingdon, St. Neots and St. Ives. 2/- 1/. - By H. L. Jackson, M.A. and G. R. Holt - Shafto. Ordnance Map. -41 King’s Lynn with its Surroundings 2/- 1/. - (including Sandringham). By W. A. - Dutt. With Ordnance Map. -42 Woking and Ripley with their 2/- 1/- - Surroundings. By A. H. Anderson. - Plan and Ordnance Map. -43 Hertford and its Surroundings. The 2/- 1/- - country of Charles Lamb and Izaak - Walton. By W. Graveson. Ordnance - Map. -44 Dorking and Leatherhead with their 2/- 1/- - Surroundings. By J. E. Morris, B.A. - Ordnance Map. -45 Harold’s Town, Waltham and Cheshunt 1/- 6d. - with their Surroundings. By Freeman - Bunting. Ordnance Map. -46 Dorchester and its Surroundings. By 2/- 1/- - F. R. and Sydney Heath. Ordnance Map - and Plan. -47 The Church of St. Mary, Luton. By 1/- 6d. - Constance Isherwood. Plan - - MANY OTHERS IN PREPARATION. - - * * * * * - - - -E. J. HANCHET, - - Estimates given free [Picture: Picture of MARBLE FIGURES. - for Renovating and grave with stone STATUES. - Repairing. monument] FOUNTAINS. - BATHS. - - MONUMENTAL and - GENERAL MASON, - SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -CHESHUNT LAUNDRY. - - - (Well known as the Hand Laundry.) - - _ESTABLISHED . . . . . . . 1901_. - - ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - - HIGH CLASS DYEING & CLEANING - and - GENERAL LAUNDRY WORK. - - _Expert Shirt and Collar Dressers_. - - [Picture: Picture of the Cheshunt Laundry] - - Head Office:—91, HIGH STREET, CHESHUNT. - - _Orders Collected and Delivered Free by our_ - _own Vans_. - - LARGE OPEN AIR DRYING GROUNDS. - - EXCELLENT REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP. -HOLLAND & BARRETT, -Waltham Cross, -TEA DEALERS. - - - HOLLAND & BARRETT, - Cheshunt, - TEA DEALERS. - - HOLLAND & BARRETT, - Waltham Abbey, - BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. - - * * * * * - - - -Special Notice. - - -_To_ . . . - - Town Clerks, - Clerks of Local Authorities, - Secretaries of Advertising and - Town Improvement Committees. - -If you are interested in a District to which you wish to draw Public -Attention, and think that it would be helped by the issue of a -well-illustrated “Homeland Handbook,” write to the General Manager, The -Homeland Association for the Encouragement of Touring in Great Britain, -Association House, 22, Bride Lane, Fleet St., London, E.C. - - * * * * * - - - -THE . . . -Homeland Readers. - - - _By M. T. YATES_, _LL.D._ - - With numerous Illustrations, Maps and Diagrams. - -THE HOMELAND READERS, for Council and all Public and Private Schools, are -issued by the Homeland Association, which is doing so much to encourage -Touring at Home in the Motherland of our Empire, and in widening our -knowledge of Great Britain, by publishing a series of Handbooks -containing useful and interesting information relating to towns and -country districts in various parts of the land. This “national and -patriotic work” has not only received the commendation of the King, but -his Majesty has authorised a copy of each volume issued by the -Association to be sent to him. - -THE HOMELAND READERS, like the Homeland Hand-books, contain a description -of the most striking Geographical and Natural features, with particulars -of the History, Traditions, Antiquities, Worthies, and Industries of each -County. The treatment of the subject is very simple and, as far as -possible, all difficulties are explained as they occur. The First, or -Junior Book, for children under 10 years of age, contains but few -place-names. Only the chief features and events are given, with -sufficient details to awaken interest and impart life and colour. The -Second, or Senior Book, for older children, is as comprehensive and -exhaustive as the space will allow. - - Book I.—STORIES of SURREY. Cloth Boards, 1/- net. - Book II.—The COUNTY of SURREY. Cloth boards. 1/3 net. - - PUBLISHED FOR THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION BY - RUDD & CO., 12, Ludgate Square, E.C. - - * * * * * - - - -Where to Stay at Waltham Abbey. -NEW INN COMMERCIAL HOTEL, - - - Sun Street, . . . . . . . . - WALTHAM ABBEY. - - _The House for Catering_. - ESTIMATES GIVEN FOR DINNERS, TEAS, &c. - - [Picture: Photograph of New Inn Commercial Hotel, Waltham Abbey] - - NEW INN COMMERCIAL HOTEL, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - SPLENDID ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS. - (Private Entrance, etc.) - Wines, Spirits and Cigars of the Finest Quality. - - Proprietor . . . . . . . P. G. HULME. - - * * * * * - - - -THE COCK HOTEL, -. . . WALTHAM ABBEY. - - Wines [Picture: Photograph Every - and of the Cock Hotel, convenience - Spirits Waltham Abbey] for - of the Motorist - Highest and - Quality. Cyclist. - - Finest Excellent - Brands Stabling - of Accommodation. - Cigars. - - _CLOSE TO THE ABBEY AND OPPOSITE THE TOWN HALL_. - - A MOST CONVENIENT HOTEL FOR VISITORS TO THE TOWN. - - All Parties Catered for. . . . Fully Licensed for Music and Dancing. - - Large Room suitable for Masonic Purposes, Smoking Concerts, etc. - - _Apply to_ F. K. WARD (Late H. M. Service), _Proprietor_. - - * * * * * - - - -MCMULLEN & SONS, Ltd., -Brewers, Wine and Spirit Merchants. - - - [Picture: The Hertford Brewery] - - THE HERTFORD BREWERY. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••• - - FAMILY PALE ALE, - 18 gallons, 18/- 9 gallons, 9/- 4½ gallons, 4/6 - INVIGORATING STOUT, - IN CASK AND BOTTLE. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••• - - GAIRLOCH GOLDEN MALT SCOTCH WHISKY. - - The large and increasing demand for this Pure Whisky proves how - much its quality is appreciated. - - Per dozen . . . . . 42/- - - * * * * * - - Stores . . . WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -All Seeds and Bulbs sent carriage and packing free on receipt of -remittance. - - -[Picture: Graphic heading for Barr’s Superior Seeds for Flowers & Kitchen - Garden] - - BARR’S SEED GUIDE - -Contains a Select List of the best Seeds for securing a supply of -Vegetables “The Year Round,” and a full Descriptive List of the most -beautiful Annuals and Perennials for keeping the Flower Garden and -Greenhouse always gay. It is full of Practical Hints on the culture of -Vegetables and Flowers, valuable to Gardeners, Amateurs and Exhibitors. -_Sent free on Application_. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF - SUPERIOR VEGETABLE SEEDS. - - 5/6, 7/6, 12/6, 21/-, 42/-, 63/- to 105/- Full particulars on - application. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF - CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. - - 2/6, 5/6, 7/6, 10/6, 15/-, 21/-, 30/-, 42/-, 63/- Full particulars on - application. - - [Picture: Graphic heading for Barr’s Beautiful Hardy Gold Medal - Daffodils. The most lovely of all Spring Flowers] - -BARR’S DAFFODILS were awarded the only GOLD MEDAL at the Royal -Horticultural Society’s First Great Daffodil Conference, 1884; PREMIER -PRIZE, 1894; GOLD MEDAL, 1896; GOLD MEDAL, 1899; TWO GOLD MEDALS, FIRST -PRIZE, and £10 10s. CHALLENGE CUP, 1901; TWO GOLD MEDALS, 1902; GOLD -MEDAL, 1903; GOLD MEDAL, 1904; GOLD MEDAL, 1905; also many Silver and -Silver-gilt Medals, Certificates, etc., at the London and Country Flower -Shows. - -BARR’S 21s. AMATEUR’S COLLECTION OF DAFFODILS contains 6 Bulbs each of 26 -high-class Daffodils, all beautiful. - -BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION contains 500 Daffodils in 20 fine showy -varieties, suitable for naturalizing in grass, shrubberies, etc. - - * * * * * - - BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF BULBS - FOR INDOORS AND OUTDOORS - -BARR’S 21s. “GREENHOUSE” COLLECTION contains 300 Spring-flowering Bulbs -of finest quality. - -BARR’S 21s. “FLOWER GARDEN” COLLECTION contains 600 Spring and -Summer-flowering Bulbs, all decorative. - -BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION contains 800 Bulbs, suitable to -naturalize in Woodlands, Orchards, Wild Gardens, etc. - - For full particulars of the above and other Collections, see Barr’s Bulb - Catalogue. - - BARR & SONS, 11, 12 & 13, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. - - Nurseries:—DITTON HILL, SURBITON, SURREY. Visitors Invited. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -. . MILK . . - - - _Delivered Direct from the_ - _Farm to the Consumer_. - - A. C. WITHERS. - 69, York Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -JAMES GLENDENING, - - - COAL AND COKE MERCHANT - FACTOR AND COLLIERY AGENT, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - * * * * * - - GLENDENING’S COALS FOR COMFORT. - - * * * * * - - - -You cannot MOVE without it. - - - WHERE TO LIVE ROUND LONDON. - - An A B C Guide to 90 Districts on the Southern side of London.—Rates, - Price of Gas, Subsoils, Schools, Agents, invaluable information, with - Coloured Geological Map. 2s. 6d. post free. - - THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION, - 22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -_When you want_ . . . -Boots and Shoes - - -you will be well GUIDED if you go to - - F. BUTTERFIELD, - The Cash Boot Stores, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - With every CHANGING SEASON you will there - find a very Large Variety of - - Up-to-Date Boots and Shoes - . . suitable for . . - _ANY POSSIBLE REQUIREMENT_. - - ALWAYS the Latest Shapes, - ALWAYS the Best Possible Value, - - NO JOB LINES, but - - ALWAYS the Very Best Lines in Footwear - -that can be secured for money. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -COALS! COALS! - - - Best Qualities - AT - Lowest Prices. - - J.& H. GIRLING. - - * * * * * - - Depot: WALTHAM CROSS STATION. - - * * * * * - - Office—79, Eleanor Cross Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -_For BOOTS and SHOES_ -GO TO -H. BOWEY. - - - A good variety of Ladies’ and Gent.’s BOOTS and SHOES - for best wear kept in stock. - - STRONG RELIABLE BOOTS for WORKING MEN. - - Also SCHOOL BOOTS for CHILDREN . . . . . - - * * * * * - - REPAIRS A SPECIALITY. - - * * * * * - - 175, High Street, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - Posters. Telegrams:— - Handbills. - Billheads. “Welsford, Waltham Cross.” - Memos. - Time Sheets. * * * * * - Prospectuses. - Circulars. H. WELSFORD, - Pamphlets. - Balance Sheets. _Caxton_ . . - Programmes. _Steam_ . . - Note Headings. _Printing_ . . - Testimonials. _Works_ . . - Sermons. - Visiting Cards. WALTHAM CROSS. - Business Cards. - Invitation Cards. * * * * * - Wedding Cards. - Xmas Cards. Good Commercial . . . - Mourning Cards. Printing at Moderate . . . - Receipt Books. Prices. . . . - Order Books. - Delivery Books. Up-to-date Plant . . . - Etc., Etc. - Prompt Delivery . . . - - No Order too large . . . - - Office of the . . . - Waltham and Cheshunt . . . - Pocket Time Table . . . - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -D. J. CARTER, - - - WILLOW DEALER, - Cricket and Lawn Tennis Outfitter, - 109, ELEANOR CROSS ROAD, and - 103, HIGH STREET, - Waltham Cross, HERTS. - - * * * * * - - EVERY DESCRIPTION OF INDOOR & OUTDOOR - SPORTS AND GAMES SUPPLIED. - - REPAIRS A SPECIALITY. - - * * * * * - - The following Makers’ Goods can be supplied at - the shortest possible notice: - - MESSRS. - F. H. AYRES; BREEDON; F. SURRIDGE; CLAPSHAW; - FRANK BRYAN; DUKE & SON; W. SYKES; - FELTHAM & CO.; GRADIDGE & SONS; VAUGHAN; - GUNN & MOORE; QUAIFE BROS.; ODD & SON; - T. H. PROSSER & SONS; WINDETT & SMITH; - RILEY & CO.; WISDEN & CO. - - D. J. CARTER’S Cricket Bats, - The Slogger, 10/6 each. The Ideal, 12/6 each. - Perfection, 15/- each. The Autocrat, 18/6 each. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -METCALFE’S EMPORIUM, -_Established 1877_, - - - For Furniture, Bedding, Carpets, Sewing - Machines, Wringers, Mangles, Wedding Rings, - Jewellery, Watches, Clocks, Drapery, Ladies’ - Jackets, Mantles, Dress Goods, Under Linen, - Baby Linen, Musical Instruments, Pianos, - Gramophones, Musical Boxes, Boots and Shoes. - Men’s, Boys’ and Youths’ Clothing, ready - made and to measure, fit guaranteed. Every - requisite for the Household. - -Pay for a complete home or any single article by easiest of easy -instalments, or 5 per cent. discount for cash. A pair of Boots for 6d. -per week. A good Silver Watch for 1/- per week. A Piano for 2/6 per -week. 20/- worth of Goods for 6d. per week. A Suit of Clothes for 1/- -per week. - - * * * * * - -_NOTICE_.—_Any of the above-mentioned goods_, _and others too numerous to -mention_, _kept in stock_. _A visit is respectfully solicited_, _or -price of goods will be sent on application_. - - * * * * * - -NOTE THE ADDRESS: - - W. METCALFE, - HOUSE FURNISHER, GENERAL DRAPER, CLOTHIER, - BOOT & SHOE MERCER, &c., - - WALTHAM NEW TOWN, WALTHAM CROSS, N. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -General and Fancy Drapery, -R. H. MARLOW. - - -MILLINERY, HOSIERY, -HABERDASHERY, BOOTS -AND SHOES. - -TERMS—CASH on or -before Delivery. - - POST OFFICE, - 149 - Eleanor Cross Rd., - WALTHAM NEW TOWN. - - •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - - Straw Hats and Bonnets Trimmed Free of Charge. - - * * * * * - - - -Works: STATION ROAD. - - - T. C. HOWARD, - Carpenter, Builder & Decorator, - 7, YORK ROAD, - WALTHAM CROSS, N. - - ••••••••••••••••• - All kinds of Drainage and Sanitary Work done. - ••••••••••••••••• - - _Estimates given for all kinds of House Repairs_. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS. -H. J. BOLTON, -_Cowkeeper and Dairy Farmer_, -WALTHAM CROSS. - - - PURE NEW MILK SUPPLIED FROM HIS OWN COWS, - . . ALSO . . - STERILIZED & HUMANISED MILK TO ORDER. - - Always obtainable at: - DAIRY FARM, STATION ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS; - THE DAIRY, No. 171, HIGH ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS; - No. 25, HIGHBRIDGE STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - -All Cream supplied is “Separator Skimmed,” and all Butter sold is made -from “Separated” Cream. Ice is manufactured on the premises with water -supplied by the Metropolitan Water Board. - -All Milk supplied is now passed through a Filter, which removes all -sediment, and which is far superior to the old-fashioned strainer. - - ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED. - - * * * * * - - - -WALTER LAWRENCE & SON, -BUILDING . . . . . -CONTRACTORS. - - -_HEAD OFFICE_:— - - Canal Works, - Waltham Cross, N. - -AND AT - - Moselle Works, - Tottenham, N. - -NAT. TEL. 5, WALTHAM CROSS. 1741, TOTTENHAM. - - ESTABLISHED 1871. - - * * * * * - - - -FUNERALS PERSONALLY CONDUCTED. -STRICTLY MODERATE CHARGES. - - - WILLIAM H. MASH, - - [Picture: Photograph of William H. Marsh’s establishment] - - FUNERAL FURNISHER and MONUMENTAL MASON. - - 230, High St., and 18, Trinity Villas, - WALTHAM CROSS. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -H. C. WALSH, - - -Cycle and = = = -Motor = = -Works, - - Cheshunt, - Herts. - - * * * * * - - - -_Established 1717_. -RICHARD GATER & SONS, -UNDERTAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS, - - - Cabinet Makers, French Polishers, Paper Hangers, - and General House Decorators. - - * * * * * - - CONTRACTORS FOR HOUSE REPAIRS. - - * * * * * - - NOTE— - 84, King Edward’s Rd., Waltham Cross, - HERTS, N. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -_E. ROPER_, - - - Cowkeeper and - Dairy Farmer, - - [Picture: Drawing of a cow] - - Crossbrook house, - High Street, CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - Claremont Farm, GOFFS OAK. - -Butter, Eggs and Cream. - - Families waited upon twice daily. - - Cows kept on the Premises. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -91, TURNER’S HILL, CHESHUNT, HERTS. -AUG. J. HALL. - - - Printing, Stationery, Fancy Goods & Toys. - - Large assortment of - LOCAL POST CARDS OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. - - ROYAL DEVONSHIRE ART POTTERY. - - Bookbinding, Relief Stamping, Copper-plate - Printing. - - _Letterpress Printing done ON THE PREMISES_. - Newspapers and Periodicals delivered. Lending Library. - AGENT FOR PULLARS’ DYE WORKS, PERTH. - - * * * * * - - ORDERS BY POST PROMPTLY EXECUTED. - - * * * * * - - - -The Model -DAIRY, -17, TURNER’S HILL, -CHESHUNT. - - - Special Pure Rich Milk, Butter and Eggs - DELIVERED TWICE DAILY, - FROM THE - DAIRY AT NETHER HALL. - - * * * * * - - A. E. SWANTON, Proprietor. - - * * * * * - - - -_Cheshunt Funeral Establishment_. - - - DISTANCE NO OBJECT. - - A. G. NICHOLAS, - FURNISHING UNDERTAKER, - 189, TURNER’S HILL, - (Opposite Moray Place). - _MEMORIALS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION_. - Office of Church of England Temperance and General Permanent Benefit - Building Society. - Telegraphic Address: Nicholas, Undertaker, Cheshunt. - - * * * * * - -Of the many classes of business called into requisition by the -requirements of mundane existence, that of the Funeral Furnisher demands -an interest which it is seldom accorded. This is, however, not the -correct position to adopt in what is an eminently practical age, so, at -least, we are taught to believe; and, therefore, we should not disdain -knowledge on so important a subject. - - * * * * * - -In the district of Cheshunt no name is more intimately associated with -funeral furnishing than that of Mr. A. G. Nicholas, and no house has made -a more thorough study of the details of the business so as to entail upon -the relatives and friends of the deceased the minimum amount of trouble -and discomfort. Over twenty years ago witnessed his initial steps in -founding what is now the only business which makes a speciality of this -class of work, as the premises recently constructed at 189, Turner’s Hill -make sufficiently plain to the passer-by. Commencing business as a -joiner, builder, and undertaker at the period mentioned, the marked -development of the latter department—as witness the many interments of -deceased persons—has induced Mr. Nicholas to give special attention to -this branch, which includes cremating and embalming, the erecting of all -descriptions of monumental masonry, surveys of property, and transactions -in all forms of life and other insurance, agencies being held for many -leading companies. - -When we consider the opportunity which the undertaker possesses for -exercising influence upon persons under great mental strain, it will be -seen how essential it is that they should be men who are above suspicion. -Happily, however, the morale of the business has greatly improved, which -is due in a large measure to the standard of the tradesmen who may be -said to be representative of their calling. - - Cromwell Cottages, Cheshunt, June 5th, 1891. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas.—On behalf of myself and the rest of our family, I wish -to thank you for the way in which you conducted the funeral of my mother -and brother. I am sure you studied our feelings in every possible way, -and we all think the charges very moderate indeed. Again thanking you,—I -remain, yours truly, - - H. NORRIS. - - King’s Road, Doncaster, June 22nd, 1895. - -Dear Sir,—P.O.O. for the balance of your account enclosed. Thanking you -for the nice quiet way in which the interment was conducted,—Yours -faithfully, - - H. BEAVAN. - - Wimbledon, April 1st, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I feel that I must write to thank you for your great -kindness to us in our trouble, and for the kind help you gave to save us -bother in every possible way you could. I cannot express to you all I -feel about it; but, believe me, my sisters and I will never forget your -kindness to us; and if there were just a few more about as ready as -yourself to lend a helping hand, the world might be a happier one.—With -very kind regards, I am yours sincerely, - - EMILY NEALE. - - Oxted, May 15th, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I had not an opportunity of seeing you yesterday, to -thank you for undertaking the removal of the body of my poor brother, and -for the great trouble it must have put you to. I can assure you that you -have all our sincere thanks, and we quite appreciate all the difficulties -you must have had to contend with. Now he is at rest, we can also rest. -You will, I am sure, know how we can and do appreciate this after such an -anxious and trying time as last week. We could not do this but for the -trouble you must have taken for us.—Yours very truly, - - E. A. SWAN. - - Leyton, Essex, October 29th, 1904. - -Mr. Nicholas. Dear Sir,—I beg to offer my sincere thanks for the trouble -you have taken in connection with the interment of my deceased father on -the 27th inst., for the nice way in which your arrangements were made and -carried out in so quiet and sympathetic a manner that all the mourners -thought you had conducted the funeral in such a way that the thanks of -the family were justly due to you. I hope you will accept these through -me, the son of the late Henry Brewster. - - I remain, yours sincerely, C. BREWSTER. - - Chiswick, December 31st, 1904. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas.—Many thanks for your kindness in effecting the -purchase of my late husband’s grave. I must thank you and express my -appreciation of the able and reverent manner in which the funeral -arrangements were carried out, and with kind regards, I remain yours -faithfully, - - EMMA OLIVER. - - Insurance [Picture: Mr. A. G. Builder - Agent. Nicolas] and - Contractor. - Fire, Life - and Estimates - Accident. for - Repairs. - - Rents - Collected. - -The local “Weekly Telegraph,” reporting the funeral of the late Mr. R. T. -Gardner, in 1899, who was for twenty-five years rate collector of the -Parish of Cheshunt, mentioned the fact that the arrangements were -undertaken by Mr. Nicholas, at the request of the deceased, made shortly -before his death. - -The following has reference to one of Mr. Nicholas’s building -transactions: - - Willesden Lane, N.W. - -Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I am in receipt of your account, which I think -reasonable. I enclose a cheque for £50. Thanking you for the personal -interest which you took in the work, and the highly successful way in -which it was carried out,—With kind regards, yours faithfully, - - HERBERT T. ANDREWS. - - The originals of the above letters are open to inspection. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -GEO. BLAXLAND, -THE CITY TAILOR, -_Hatter_, _Hosier & Gentlemen’s Outfitter_. - - - [Picture: Photograph of G. Blaxland’s shop] - - MEN’S WEAR. - - Best Makes and Newest Shapes in - HATS & CAPS, RAINPROOF COATS & CYCLE CAPES. - -_All New Designs for this_ _Tailoring a Speciality_. -_Season_ _Perfect Fit Guaranteed_. -_Newest Styles in Ready-_ _A Large Selection of Ties_, -_made Suits_, _in Large_ _Gloves_, _Shirts_, _Collars and -_Variety_ Hosiery_ - - JUVENILE AND YOUTHS’ CLOTHING, IN ALL SIZES. - - * * * * * - - TURNER’S MILL, CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -C. & A. BLAXLAND, -FAMILY GROCERS, -Wine, Spirit, Beer & provision Merchants. - - - [Picture: Photograph of C. & A. Blaxland’s shop] - - DEALERS IN CORN AND POULTRY FOOD. - _AGENTS FOR W. & A. GILBEY_. - - Bass’s Pale Ale, Guinness’s Stout. Barrett’s, Whitbread’s, - Fremlin’s and Truman’s Ale and Stout in Bottles and Casks. - - PATENT MEDICINES. - - * * * * * - - CHESHUNT. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -T. BONES, -Florist and Nurseryman -HIGH STREET, CHESHUNT. - - - WREATHS, CROSSES, WEDDING BOUQUETS, and - other Floral Arrangements, made of the Choicest - Flowers, on the Shortest Notice. - - FRESH CUT FLOWERS, in variety, ALWAYS AT HAND. - _PRICES TO SUIT ALL CLASSES_. - BEDDING PLANTS, etc., at Lowest Prices for Good Stuff. - - * * * * * - - ORDERS BY POST WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION. - - * * * * * - - - -ROBERT ARCHER, -Builder, House Decorator and Undertaker, - - - (Established 70 Years.) - ESTIMATES FOR ALL KINDS OF REPAIRS. - - Funerals conducted to or from all parts of the Country. - - DESIGNS SUBMITTED AND MEMORIALS SUPPLIED. - Telegrams—“ARCHER, WALTHAM CROSS.” - - Office: 43, TURNER’S HILL. - - * * * * * - - - -ROLAND R. ARCHER, - -43, Plans, Specifications -TURNER’S HILL, and Detail Drawings -CHESHUNT. prepared for New - Buildings, Alterations - and Additions at - Reasonable Fees. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -J. EDWIN GAZE, M.P.S. - - - (_Late HOPPER & Co._) - Dispensing and Family Chemist, - 77, Turner’s Hill, Cheshunt. - - * * * * * - - STORE PRICES FOR CASH. - _PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS A SPECIALITY_. - - * * * * * - - DARK ROOM FOR AMATEURS. - — _DEVELOPING AND PRINTING UNDERTAKEN_. — - - * * * * * - - - -CHESHUNT BUN HOUSE. -J. L. STOREY, -Bread and Biscuit Baker, -—_PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER_, — - - - Turner’s Hill, CHESHUNT, HERTS. - - * * * * * - - Genuine Home-Made Bread. Peak Frean’s Biscuits. - Rowntree’s, Fry’s and Cadbury’s Chocolates. - - * * * * * - - — FAMILIES WAITED UPON DAILY. — - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -M. CUTHBERT, -Stationer and Newsagent, -13, SUN ST., WALTHAM ABBEY. - - - LOCAL VIEWS A SPECIALITY. - GIANT POST CARDS, 12 ins. by 9 ins., of THE ABBEY, Etc., - 3d. Each. - - * * * * * - - A VERY LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT OF - LOCAL VIEW POST CARDS. - - — CALL AND INSPECT. — - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -WM. PALLETT, Junr., -Corn and Seed Merchant, -_WALTHAM ABBEY_. - - - * * * * * - - Office and Retail Department— - 34, HIGH BRIDGE STREET. - Mills and Granaries— - NEAR THE ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -WILLIAM PALLETT, JUNR. - - - _Stationer_, _Newsagent_, - _and_ - _Fancy Toy Dealer_, - - CHURCH-YARD, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - Picture Framing and Bookbinding. - FISHING TACKLE IN GREAT VARIETY. - - * * * * * - - _Photographs of Churches and Places of Interest_ - _in the Neighbourhood_. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -MELLODEW & COCKS, - - - _22_, _Sewardstone Street_, - - _WALTHAM ABBEY_. - - [Picture: Photograph of Mellodew & Cocks, Grocers & Provision Merchants] - - For the Best of Everything in . . . Grocery and Provisions. - - THE CHEAPEST MONEY CAN BUY. - -Trading Stamps Families Waited -Given Gratis . . . on Daily . . . . . . - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -_W. CLAYDEN_, -Corn, Forage, -Flour, and Seed Merchant. - - - NOTED FOR MIDLOTHIAN OATMEAL. - - * * * * * - - TRY OUR - SELF-RAISING FLOUR. - - * * * * * - - _PASTRY FLOUR A SPECIALITY_. - - * * * * * - - SPRATT’S PATENT POULTRY AND - DOG FOODS. - - * * * * * - - ALL KINDS OF - BIRD SEEDS AND OTHER FOODS. - POULTRY MIXTURES. - - * * * * * - - ALL GOODS ARE OF THE BEST QUALITY. - - * * * * * - - 18, SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -WALTHAM ABBEY STORES. -HORACE PEMBLE, -SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -Draper, Milliner, Outfitter, Tailor, Hatte -Hosier, and General House Furnisher. - - COOPER AND SON’S NOTED “BEEHIVE” - BOOTS AND SHOES. - -AGENT FOR BERRIE’S -MANCHESTER -DYEING -WORKS. - - Grocer, - Provision, - Wine, Beer, and - Spirit Merchant. - - Peek, Frean’s, and McVitie and Price’s - Celebrated Cakes and Biscuits. - Pickles, Sauces, and Jams. Brushes and Brooms. - Patent Medicines at Store Prices. - - * * * * * - - SEWING MACHINES BY FRISTER AND ROSSMANS. - Agent for the Royal Fire and Life Insurance Company. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM ABBEY. -JOHN ALPS, -50, SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY. - - -The Oldest Ironmonger’s - Business in - Waltham Abbey. - - •••••••• - -Manufacturer in all - Branches of the - Trade. - - Copper, Tin, - Zinc and Iron - Plate Worker. - - GASFITTER, SMITH, &c. - - A Good Assortment of Incandescent GAS - FITTINGS, MANTLES and GLOBES - always in Stock, at Popular Prices. - - * * * * * - - - -Repairs! UPTON’S, Repairs! -The Old Established -BOOT & SHOE WAREHOUSE. - - - ESTABLISHED OVER 100 YEARS. - -Well selected Stock of . . . - - LADIES’, GENT’S AND CHILDREN’S BOOTS AND SHOES. - -Superior Hand-Sewn Boots and Shoes made to measure. - - 1, CHURCH ST., WALTHAM ABBEY. - - * * * * * - - - -W. CASTELLO, -Waltham Cross -Cigar Stores . . - - - (OPPOSITE IMPERIAL CLUB). - - _The Three Graces of the Tobacco World_— - - Temple Bar (Latakia) Smoking - Mixture, Old Virginia (Hand-made) - Cigarettes, Old Virginia Shag, - pronounced by Experts to be the - very best. - - * * * * * - - - -Homeland Handbook, No. 43. - - - HERTFORD - AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. - - With Notes on the Country of - Charles Lamb and Izaak Walton. - - WITH MAP AND 48 VIEWS. - - 1/- Net. Postage, 2½d. - - Of all Booksellers or the Publishers - of this Volume. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO GO AT HIGH BEECH. - - - FOR LUNCHEONS AND TEAS - GO TO A - TEMPERANCE HOUSE. - - Roserville Retreat, - HIGH BEECH. - - Excursions, Parties, Sunday Schools, Bands of Hope, - Cycling Clubs and Guilds will find Clean, Comfortable, - and Economical Accommodation. - - * * * * * - - High Level Situation. Fresh Air. Finest View. - Swings and Roundabouts and every Amusement for - People of all ages. - - _Full Particulars sent on receipt of a Post Card_. - - * * * * * - - ADDRESS— - WILLIAM TOZER, - Proprietor. - - * * * * * - - - -Do you use Automatic -Gas or Oil Lamps? - - - N.B.—There were 142 Explosions by Oil Lamps in - London alone last year, involving loss of life. - -An OIL LAMP burns ONE PENNYWORTH OF PARAFFIN OIL in 8 hours, and gives a -light equal to only 16 Candles. It is much dearer than a GEM GAS BURNER, -which makes ONE PENNYWORTH OF AUTOMATIC GAS last about 12 hours, and -gives a light equal to 30 Candles. In fact a Gem Burner is nearly equal -to 4 Oil Lamps. That is to say, a Gem Burner will give you about as much -light for a Farthing as an Oil Lamp will give for a 1d. - -AUTOMATIC GAS costs you nothing for fitting it up. The Gas Company -instal it free of all cost. The following fittings are supplied free for -your use:— - - One Swing Bracket for Hall Light. - - One Pendant or Bracket for Sitting Room. - - One ,, ,, Kitchen. - - One Swing Bracket for Bedroom. - - One Boiling Ring and Tube to boil Kettle, etc. - -By payment of 5s. for fixing you can have a good Gas Cooker Free of any -Rental, or a better one for 10d. a month. - -Remember Automatic Gas saves a lot of worry and trouble in the house. -Half-an-hour’s more rest instead of getting up earlier to light the fire. -The Oil Man need not call. No dust or ashes, and no Dustman to call for -them. The Coal Man need not call. No bundles of firewood wanted. You -simply put your penny in the slot and the Gasworks does the rest. - - * * * * * - - For further particulars apply to— - THE WALTHAM ABBEY & CHESHUNT GAS CO., - York Road, Waltham Cross. - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT. -HERBERT BEEDELL - - - [Picture: Photograph of Herbert Beedell’s shop] - - The House for Smart and Up-to-date - -MILLINERY! Prompt - Attention. - DRESSMAKING! - Prices COSTUMES! - Moderate - - GENERAL AND FANCY DRAPERY. - - * * * * * - - HERBERT BEEDELL, - DRAPER AND HOSIER, - CHESHUNT HOUSE, CHESHUNT, - - * * * * * - - - -WHERE TO STAY AT WALTHAM CROSS. -Ye Olde Foure Swannes -COMMERCIAL HOTEL. - - - _Two Minutes from Station_. _ESTABLISHED 1260_. - - Best Livery and Posting House in Hertfordshire. - - [Picture: Photograph of Ye Olde Foure Swannes] - - GOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR LARGE OR SMALL PARTIES. - - * * * * * - - Cyclists specially catered for. Lock-up Shed for Cycles. - - * * * * * - - Hot Luncheons every day from 1 to 2 p.m. - Teas Served on the Lawn. - - * * * * * - - Proprietors — — — IGGULDEN & CAIRNS. - - * * * * * - - - - -Footnotes. - - -{ii} In the printed book advertisements run from page ii. to the -_McMullen & Sons_ advertisement inclusive, then the main book occurs, and -then the advertisements resume with _Barr’s Superior Seeds_. In this -eBook all of the advertisements have been moved to the end but otherwise -occur in the original order and with the original page numbers. The fold -out map has been moved from the first set of advertisements—DP. - -{12} There is also a “Romeland” at St. Albans, on the west side of the -Abbey. - -{17} Regnante Cnuto et Anglis Imperante in loco qui dicitur Mons Acutus -quem Lutegarsberi compatrio appelant vitam agebat in opere fabrili vit -magnae simplicitatis et bonae indolis vit sine malitia timens Deum et -recendens a malo, etc. - -{18} _i.e._ Persons. - -{20} _i.e._ To make free. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** - - -******* This file should be named 62666-0.txt or 62666-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/6/6/62666 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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A. C. Branfill - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Harold's Town and it's Vicinity - Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, and High Beech, Epping Forest - - -Author: Freeman Bunting - - - -Release Date: July 16, 2020 [eBook #62666] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** -</pre> -<p>Transcribed from the 1905–6 Homeland Association Ltd. -edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/cover.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Book cover" -title= -"Book cover" - src="images/cover.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/fpb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Abbey Church at Waltham" -title= -"The Abbey Church at Waltham" - src="images/fps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h1>Harold’s Town<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">And its Vicinity</span>.</h1> -<p style="text-align: center">Waltham Abbey, Waltham Cross, -Cheshunt,<br /> -and High Beech, Epping Forest.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A Handbook for Visitors</b>,<br -/> -<span class="GutSmall">BY</span><br /> -FREEMAN BUNTING.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">With -Photographic Illustrations</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">BY</span><br /> -J. A. C. BRANFILL.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p class="gutindent">Published under the general editorship<br /> -of <span class="smcap">Prescott Row</span>, in co-operation with -the<br /> -<span class="smcap">Urban District Councils of Waltham</span>, -<span class="smcap">Holy</span> <br /> -<span class="smcap">Cross and Cheshunt</span>, by The Homeland<br -/> -Association for the encouragement of Touring<br /> -in Great Britain.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Waltham Abbey</b>: M. <span -class="smcap">Cuthbert</span>, 13, Sun Street.<br /> -,, ,, <span -class="smcap">William Pallett</span>, jun., The Churchyard.<br /> -<b>Waltham Cross</b>: P. W. <span class="smcap">Mitchell</span>, -High Street.<br /> -<b>Cheshunt</b>: <span class="smcap">Aug. J. Hall</span>, 91, -Turner’s Hill.<br /> -<b>London</b>: <span class="smcap">The Homeland -Association</span>, <span class="smcap">Ltd</span>., 22, Bride -Lane,<br /> -Fleet Street, E.C.</p> -<p><i>FIRST EDITION</i>, 1905–1906.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><i>All Rights Reserved</i>.</p> -<h2>Ordnance Survey Map of the Country around Waltham Cross and -Waltham Abbey.</h2> -<p><i>Scale of One Inch to One Statute Mile</i>,</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/mapb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Map" -title= -"Map" - src="images/maps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h2><a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -2</span>EDITORIAL NOTE.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">With</span> a view to making future -Editions of this Handbook as accurate and comprehensive as -possible, suggestions for its improvement are cordially -invited. If sent to <span class="smcap">The Editor</span>, -The Homeland Association, Association House, 22, Bride Lane, -Fleet Street, E.C., they will be gratefully acknowledged.</p> -<h2>COPYRIGHT.</h2> -<p>This Book as a whole, with its Contents, both Literary and -Pictorial, is Copyrighted in Great Britain.</p> -<h2>ADVERTISING.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">Local</span>.—Terms for Advertising -in future issues of the Waltham and Cheshunt Handbook will be -forwarded on application to the General Manager of the Homeland -Association, at the above address.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">General</span>.—Contracts for the -insertion of Advertisements through the whole series of Homeland -Handbooks, nearly fifty volumes, circulating throughout the -country, can be arranged on application to the General -Manager.</p> -<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -3</span><i>CONTENTS</i>.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -<td><p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><i>Bibliography</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><i>Prefatory Note</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Chapter</i></p> -</td> -<td><p><i>I.—Describes Waltham Abbey</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>II.—A Ramble to Epping Forest and High -Beech</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page31">31</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>III.—Describes Waltham Cross and -Theobalds</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>IV.—Describes Cheshunt and its -Surroundings</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><i>A Chronology of Waltham Abbey</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page53">53</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -4</span>BIBLIOGRAPHY.</h2> -<p>“The Foundation of Waltham Abbey.” Rt. Rev. -William Stubbs.</p> -<p>“History of the Abbey of Waltham.” John -Farmer.</p> -<p>“The Parish of Waltham Abbey.” John -Maynard.</p> -<p>“History of Waltham Abbey.” W. Winters.</p> -<p>“History of Waltham Holy Cross.” Rev. J. H. -Stamp.</p> -<p>“The Norman Conquest.” E. A. Freeman.</p> -<p>“Architecture and Early History of Waltham -Abbey.” E. A. Freeman.</p> -<p>“A History of Abbeys.” Stevens.</p> -<p>“London and its Environs.” Hunter.</p> -<p>“Circuit of London.” Hughson.</p> -<p>“Church History of Britain.” Thomas -Fuller.</p> -<p>“Worthies of England.” Thomas Fuller.</p> -<p>“Cheshunt in the Olden Time.” Rev. A. -Brown.</p> -<p>“Visitors’ Handbook to Cheshunt.” W. -Winters.</p> -<p>“The Family Memoirs of the Rev. W. Stukeley.”</p> -<p>“‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ -Library.” Vol. 17. G. L. Gomme.</p> -<p>“British Topographer.” Vol. 1. R. -Gough.</p> -<p>“History of Herts.” Cussans.</p> -<p>“History of Herts.” Salmon.</p> -<p>“History of Herts.” Clutterbuck.</p> -<h2><a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>LIST OF -ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">PLATES.</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Abbey Church at Waltham</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>Frontispiece</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span -class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Abbey Gateway</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Eleanor Cross</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page34">34</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Parish Church</i>, <i>Cheshunt</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">ILLUSTRATIONS.</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Romeland</i>, <i>Waltham Abbey</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image11">11</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Ancient Bridge</i>, <i>known as</i> -“<i>Harold’s Bridge</i>”</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image15">15</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Waltham One Hundred Years Ago</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image19">19</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Interior of the Abbey Church</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image23">23</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Home of Foxe</i>, <i>the Martyrologist</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page29">29</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>The Eleanor Cross showing detail of carving</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page36">36</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Theobalds</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image37">37</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Temple Bar</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image39">39</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>In the Village at Cheshunt</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image45">45</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><i>Cheshunt Great House</i></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="imageref"><a -href="#image47">47</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -6</span>PREFATORY NOTE.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> little book is intended for -the ordinary individual rather than the earnest student or the -ardent antiquary. As I have attempted to embellish the dry -bones of history and to present the undoubted beauties and charms -of the corner of England that lies upon the Herts and Essex -border in a manner likely to interest the former, my effort will -possibly appear to the latter to have several shortcomings.</p> -<p>That part of the book dealing with Cheshunt has presented some -difficulty. One day, perhaps, some industrious historian -will prepare a really good history of the ancient parish of -Cheshunt, and utilise to the best purpose the wealth of material -that lies hidden away in the parish chests.</p> -<p>To the Rev. J. H. Stamp, I am indebted for reading the proofs -and for some valuable information, as well as for his kind -permission to use the chronological data prepared by him. -To Mr. H. Collingwood Lee my thanks are also due for his kind -assistance.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">FREEMAN BUNTING.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">White Webbs</span>, July, 1905.</p> -<h2><a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>The -Publisher’s Address to the Reader.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">This</span> little volume forms one of the -Homeland Handbooks, a series founded in 1897, with a view of -providing adequate information respecting special localities and -districts. They are issued at popular prices, and contain -everything likely to interest the intelligent visitor regarding -the History, Traditions, Worthies, and Antiquities of the -neighbourhoods with which they deal.</p> -<p>In each case the books are written by a qualified Author, with -special local knowledge.</p> -<p>Other Volumes in the Series likely to interest the reader of -this book are as follows:—</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p><span class="GutSmall">CLOTH.</span></p> -</td> -<td><p><span class="GutSmall">PAPER.</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Hertford, and the Country of Charles Lamb and Izaak -Walton</p> -</td> -<td><p>2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p>1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>The City of St. Albans, its Abbey and its Surroundings</p> -</td> -<td><p>2/6</p> -</td> -<td><p>1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Dunstable and its Surroundings</p> -</td> -<td><p>2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p>1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>A full list will be found on -pages</i> <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#pageii">ii</a></span> <i>and</i> <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#pageiii">iii</a></span>.</p> - -<div class="gapmediumline"> </div> -<p><b>The Homeland Association for the Encouragement of Touring -in Great Britain, Association House, </b><b><i>22</i></b><b>, -Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C.</b></p> -<h2><a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -8</span>‘DON’TS’ FOR PICNIC PARTIES.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Council of the Selborne Society -urgently requests visitors to treat the country they are visiting -with the reverence due to natural beauty.</p> -<p>DON’T gather such quantities of wild flowers and ferns -that before the day is over you are obliged to throw them away on -the roadside. By such gathering you injure the flora of the -district, and you take away pleasures from many people who like -to see flowers and ferns growing in their native haunts.</p> -<p>DON’T disturb the birds in their breeding season.</p> -<p>DON’T litter the places visited with waste papers or -torn letters.</p> -<p>DON’T leave empty bottles and other débris of -your picnic to vulgarise the spots, the scenery of which you have -been enjoying.</p> -<h2><a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -9</span>HAROLD’S TOWN AND ITS VICINITY.</h2> -<p style="text-align: center">WALTHAM ABBEY, WALTHAM CROSS,<br /> -CHESHUNT, AND HIGH BEECH, EPPING FOREST.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<h3><span class="GutSmall">CHAPTER I.</span><br /> -WALTHAM ABBEY.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Harold’s Town</span>! We may -well speak of Waltham Holy Cross in this way, for the place -virtually owes its foundation to the last representative of the -Saxon dynasty, and abounds in associations with the brave, pious, -and wise prince whose lordship, like that of his great -predecessor, Alfred, had so great an influence for good upon the -social and political institutions of our England, and who so -nobly and bravely disputed the claim to the throne with the -Norman invader on the field of Senlac. We find a -contemporary estimate of Earl Harold’s character in the -historic tract, <i>De Inventione Sanctæ Crucis</i>, the -unknown author of which, who was, however, a Waltham man, says: -“His was the truest heart and the wisest head and the -strongest and gentlest hand in the land.” And the -greatest historians of our own time have spoken in high, -appreciative terms of Harold’s work and influence. -How considerable, then, is the interest to the traveller and -student alike of the place with which the life of Harold was so -intimately associated.</p> -<p>Though within just over half an hour’s journey by rail -from the Metropolis, and but a crow flight of some <a -name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>thirteen -miles therefrom, it would be pretty safe to say that not one per -cent. of the inhabitants of the great city have made any sort of -acquaintance with the beautiful old minster of Waltham, which -stands to-day for one of the finest examples of Norman -architecture, vying with Westminster Abbey in this respect, -whilst its history is, as old Thomas Fuller has observed, -“the history of the Church of England.” And if -this ancient pile represents so much architecturally and -ecclesiastically, it occupies no mean position among those -various influences that have gone to the making of English -history.</p> -<p>Hither came, for one purpose and another, many of the royal -heads of England, from Harold, the founder, to Charles II.; -dignitaries of the Church, and potent ornaments of the State; -while within the shadow of the minster’s massy walls lived -and laboured men who have moulded and influenced the thoughts and -lives of the people. Henry I. and Matilda of Scotland were -visitors to the Abbey, the latter being a considerable -benefactress; Henry II. established the monastery here and richly -endowed it, he “loved Waltham entirely, and lay many times -thereat.” King John came often to Waltham; Henry III. -loved the Abbey for its beauty and seclusion, and resorted -thereto often for peace and retirement. Edward I. and his -beloved wife Eleanor were frequently in residence here, and when -the body of the latter was brought from Grantham to London in -1290, it rested for a night here, the mortal remains of the king -himself remaining in the Abbey, beside Harold’s tomb, for -fifteen weeks, on their way from Scotland to Westminster in -1307. When Wat Tyler’s insurrection placed Richard -II. in jeopardy he sought the sanctuary of the ancient -pile. Henry VIII., who was very fond of Waltham, had a -private lodging close by the Abbey, and was often the guest of -the abbot. Cranmer was frequently resident at Waltham; John -Foxe lived and wrote his “Book of Martyrs” here; -Thomas Tallis, father of our beautiful church music, was organist -at the Abbey; Thomas Fuller, author of the “Worthies of -England,” was incumbent of the <a name="page12"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 12</span>Abbey Church; so also was Bishop -Joseph Hall, author of the “Contemplations”; Bishop -George Hall was a native of the town; and Izaak Walton, who so -loved the “gentle Lea,” was here often on a visit to -a relative.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image11" href="images/p11b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Romeland. Waltham Abbey" -title= -"Romeland. Waltham Abbey" - src="images/p11s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The bustling train lands the visitor at Waltham Cross Station, -in the county of Herts, and one must proceed for about a mile on -foot eastward to attain the Abbey and town of Waltham Holy Cross, -which lie in the adjoining county of Essex. But after the -“mean things that are new” have been passed, the way -is pleasant. The road is bordered on one side for a goodly -distance by the marshlands and crosses many times over the river -Lea, which, as old Fuller humorously observes, “not only -parteth Herts from Essex, but also seven times parteth from -itself, and is crossed by so many bridges.” Beyond -the waterside inn on the bridge that spans the Lea navigation, -and displays the comforting sign of the “Old English -Gentleman,” Highbridge Street is entered, and the old town -opens out, with the tower of the Abbey, but just restored to its -original dignity of design, closing in the view. The -principal entrance to the Royal Gunpowder Factory lies just to -the left here, and much that is picturesque and quaint will -strike an observant eye on the way. The diversity in -character and style of the houses and shops, the irregularity of -their disposition, with their time-tinted exteriors, and the bits -of garden and splashes of verdant foliage, which break up the -line of bricks and mortar, timber and stucco, give the old street -that peculiar charm which is so often characteristic of an -ancient town.</p> -<h4>Romeland.</h4> -<p>Just before the Abbey is reached, approached by a way that -allows little more room than is needful for a cart to pass, is an -open square of very old houses, a most picturesque corner of the -old town, that bears the somewhat curious appellation of -Romeland. <a name="citation12"></a><a href="#footnote12" -class="citation">[12]</a> How and why the place came <a -name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>to be so -called it is not easy to determine; but the abbots of Waltham, -whose seat was at Copt Hall, had their London house on or -adjacent to a site in the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill, adjoining -what is now Billingsgate Market, which was also called -Romeland. To the rent of this, as well as the market square -at Waltham, the Pope laid claim, and the latter was then known as -Romescot or Peter’s Piece. It is to this -circumstance, probably, that the place owes its name.</p> -<p>It was in the house of Master Cressy, a long-fronted -structure, which stands on the left of the entrance to Romeland, -that, in 1533, Cranmer, Fox, and Gardiner discussed the question -of Henry’s divorce from Katherine of Aragon. Then it -was that Cranmer “struck the keynote of the -Reformation,” by claiming “for the Word of God that -supremacy which had been usurped by the popes for -centuries.” Fuller refers to this as a significant -circumstance and says: “Thus did Waltham give Rome the -first deadly blow in England.”</p> -<h4>A King’s Diversions.</h4> -<p>Bluff King Hal was very partial to Waltham and enjoyed the -hunting in the forest. He frequently stayed at his house in -the Romeland, still standing at the north-east corner. -There are many stories, often with the “merry -monarch” for a hero, connected with his patronage of -Waltham. One day he left his hunting companions and -returned to Waltham in the guise of one of his attendants, and, -being invited to the abbot’s table, ate heartily of the -sirloin of beef placed before him, to the great admiration of his -host. “Well fare thy heart,” the latter toasted -his guest, “here is a cup of sack, and remember the grace -of thy master. I would willingly give one hundred crowns on -condition that I could feed as heartily on beef as thou -dost! Alas! my weak stomach will hardly digest the wing of -a small rabbit or chicken.” The king pledged his -host, and thanked him; in due time he departed as secretly as he -had come. A little while after, the abbot was suddenly -arrested and conveyed to the Tower, where he was kept for some -days on bread and water. Then a sirloin of beef was set <a -name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>before him, -of which he ate heartily. The king entered in the midst of -the meal, and demanded of his prisoner payment of the hundred -crowns, which, when the abbot recognised the trap into which he -had fallen, he gladly paid.</p> -<p>On another occasion, when Henry was the guest of Sir Henry -Colte, of Nether Hall, Roydon, the latter provided a novel -entertainment for his royal guest. It is related that the -knight and his men waylaid the monks on Waltham marsh one dark -night, having been informed by spies that they were on a visit to -Cheshunt nunnery, and, catching them in a buck stall (a trap used -for deer) left them wallowing in the mire until dawn. Then -the “knight of merry conceits” conducted his dejected -captives to the king, and presented them to his majesty as the -splendid game he had been able to secure. King Harry burst -into a loud fit of laughter, and declared that, though he had -“often seen sweeter, he had never viewed fatter -venison.”</p> -<p>The open space (Romeland), with its quaint high-gabled, -stuccoed, and red-brick houses, is a busy scene on Tuesdays, when -the cattle market is held here. On the eastern side, -abutting upon the Abbey church, the tower of which comes -charmingly into view over the house tops, is the ancient corn -mill, which was given to the Abbey by Maud, Queen of Henry I., in -1108, in exchange for the site of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. -She also restored to the Abbey certain lands, which had been -alienated, known as the Abbey fields, which stretch northward -from here; and moreover established two fairs for the town.</p> -<p>Having so far diverged from the direct road to the Abbey, we -may well go a little further, taking a narrow roadway that runs -by the mill leading to the Abbey fields.</p> -<h4>The Abbey Gateway.</h4> -<p>At the termination of half a dozen or so of old houses and -cottages, there comes into view a bridge over the mill stream, -giving access to a beautiful arch, or rather pair of arches, -known as the Abbey Gateway. What remains of this once -important structure, which formed the <a name="page16"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 16</span>main entrance to the Abbey and the -abbot’s house, consists of the front only of the old -gateway, and comprises two ancient pointed arches, with a tower -on the south side (the corresponding tower on the north has -disappeared). At the spring of the main arch, on either -side, are still traceable the arms of Edward III. on a shield -surmounted by an angel. The gateway was originally -approached by a drawbridge, and the porter’s window in the -tower which commanded this still exists. The entrance to -the old monastic buildings was by a pointed doorway in the south -wall, which extends from the gate, now bricked up. This -handsome old gateway also formed the entrance to the mansion -erected by Sir Edward Denny, to whom the abbot’s house was -given by Elizabeth. He was the grandson of Sir Anthony -Denny, Chamberlain to Henry VIII., to whom much of the -ecclesiastical property of Waltham was given after the -Dissolution. Sir Edward Denny’s house, which was a -large one in the characteristic Elizabethan style (a central -doorway and two projecting wings), is spoken of by an old -chronicler as being “beautiful to behold,” with a -spacious garden of a character “scarcely to be equalled by -any private gentleman’s.”</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image15" href="images/p15b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Ancient bridge at Waltham Abbey, known as Harold’s -Bridge. A most interesting Architectural Relic" -title= -"The Ancient bridge at Waltham Abbey, known as Harold’s -Bridge. A most interesting Architectural Relic" - src="images/p15s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Higher up the Corn mill stream, in the Abbey fields, and -bordering on the “pool,” is another beautiful remnant -of very early architecture, probably contemporary with the Abbey -church, known as Harold’s Bridge. Tradition says that -in early times this was the only passage across the stream, and -that not only Harold, but Tovi before him, used this bridge, when -proceeding into or from the royal forest of Waltham. It is -a most interesting architectural relic. There are still -visible two of the five beautiful ribs which originally adorned -this fine arch. Recently steps were taken to preserve this -interesting monument of antiquity by restoring the stonework -forming the base of the bridge. The Abbey farmhouse, with -its picturesque Elizabethan front, which is said to have formed -the abbot’s stabling in mediæval times, stands to the -north-east of Harold’s Bridge.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p16b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Waltham. The Abbey Gateway" -title= -"Waltham. The Abbey Gateway" - src="images/p16s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h4><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>The -Abbey Church.</h4> -<p>From the Abbey fields, the finest view of Harold’s noble -minster is obtained, and it is with feelings of pleasant -anticipation that one retraces one’s steps thereto, -meditating on the way upon the many strange and wondrous scenes -that have been witnessed on the ground over which one -passes. As the eye wanders over the beautiful lines and the -massive, age-stained walls of the ancient church, the mind is -impressed with its grandeur and its significance as a vast page -of England’s story.</p> -<p>The Abbey church and town of Waltham Holy Cross alike owe -their actual foundation to Tovi the Proud, standard-bearer and -chief counsellor to Cnut, who, delighted by the fine -opportunities for hunting which were afforded by the number of -deer running in the great forest of Waltham, established a -settlement here, and founded a convent. Hither, also, Tovi -brought from his manor of Lutegarsbury (Montacute), in Somerset, -a miraculous crucifix, and set it up in the church. The -legend of this Holy Cross, as told in the <i>De Inventione</i> -tract, and translated by Lambarde, is a wonderfully interesting -story.</p> -<h4>The Legend of the Holy Cross.</h4> -<p>It runs as follows: <a name="citation17"></a><a -href="#footnote17" class="citation">[17]</a> “In the tyme -that Kinge Cnut reigned in Ingland theare lyved at a Place of the -called comonly Lutegarsbyry, in French Montague, a simple man by -occupation a carpenter and by Office Sexton of his parishe, to -whom on a Night appeared a Vision of Christe Crucified -commaundinge him that as sone as Day brake he should goe to the -parishe priest and with him accompanied by his parishioners in -solemne processione to go up to the Toppe of the Hyll adjoyninge -and to digge wheare (if they would beforehand make theimselves by -Confession, Fastinge, and Praier worthy of suche a Revelacion) -they should finde a Crosse, the very sign of Christes -passion. This plaine Man, supposinge <a -name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>it a -fantastical Dreame, tooke at first no great Head thereof, save -that, he imparted it with his Wife who also thought it but an -Illusion. Wherefore the Image appeared againe, and so -griped him by the Hande that the Dynt of the Nayles remayned in -his Hand to be sene the Daye followinge. Being thus pricked -forwarde on he goeth to the Priest and discloseth the hole -matter. He arrayeth his Parishe, displayeth his Banners, -putteth on Copes and Surplas, and setteth the Carpenter foremost -as his Captaine, they digge awhile and anone they find a great -Marble havinge in it of black Flynt the Image of the Crucifixe so -artificially wroughte as if God himselfe (sayth myne Auteur) had -framed it. Under the right Arme of this Crucifixe thear was -a small Image of the same Forme, a litle Belle also, and a black -Booke conteyninge the Text of the four Evangelists. All -this they signified to Tovi le Prude then Lord of the Soyle, -Standarde Bearer to the Kinge and his Chief Councelor, who came -to the place in great Hast and by the advice of his Gents lefte -the smalle cross in the Churche theare determyninge to bestow the -greater in suche Place as God should appointe. Forthewithe -therefore he caused to be yoked twelve red Oxen and so many white -Kyne and layeth the Stone in a Wayne myning if God so wille to -cary it to Canterbyrye, but the Cattle could not by any Force be -compelled to draw thytherwarde. When he saw that he changed -his Mynde and bad theim dryve toward his House at Readinge -whearin he had great Delighte, but still the Wayne stode -immoveable notwithstandinge that the Oxen did thear best. -At the Lengthe he remembered a small House that he had begone to -buyld at Waltham for his Disporte and commanded them to make -thytherward. Which words he had no soner spoken but the -Wayne of itselfe moved. Now in the way many weare healed of -many Infirmities; amongste the whiche threscore sixe -Parsons’ <a name="citation18"></a><a href="#footnote18" -class="citation">[18]</a> vowed their labour towarde the -Conveiance of this Crosse, and weare the first Founders of -Waltham Towne wheare was nothing <a name="page20"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 20</span>before but only a simple House for -this Tovi to repose himself at when he came thyther to hunte -notwithstandinge that he had thereby divers Landes, as Enfield, -Edelmetun, Cetrehunt, Myms, and the hole Baronie that Goffrey of -Maundville the first of that name had. Now when the Crosse -was broughte thyther, Tovi commaunded it to be set up, and while -one by Chaunce perced it with a Nayle the Blood issued out of the -Flinte in great Abundance. Whereat Tovi beinge greatly -amazed, fel downe and worshipped it promiseth before it to -manumittee <a name="citation20"></a><a href="#footnote20" -class="citation">[20]</a> his Bondmen to bestow possession on -such as should deserve it.”</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image19" href="images/p19b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Waltham Abbey one hundred years ago. (Dr. Hughson’s -“Circuit of London,” 1808)" -title= -"Waltham Abbey one hundred years ago. (Dr. Hughson’s -“Circuit of London,” 1808)" - src="images/p19s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The cross gave its name to the place, and over a long series -of years attracted crowds of the devote, the maimed, and diseased -to the place. In 1192 the cross was covered with silver, -but the figure of Christ was left untouched by reason, it is -surmised, of a remarkable incident that had happened a few years -previously. On that occasion, the crucifix being under -repair, Robert the Goldsmith, of St. Albans, removed the circlet -round the thigh, when all present were stricken blind for a -considerable time.</p> -<h4>Harold’s Minster.</h4> -<p>On the site of Tovi’s foundation Earl Harold, upon whom -Waltham and vast lands had been bestowed by Edward the Confessor, -reared and endowed a magnificent church, which he intended to -rival in beauty and importance King Edward’s abbey church -at Westminster. The dean and twelve secular Black canons -who formed the ecclesiastical constitution of Harold’s -foundation, were amply provided for, each of the latter having a -manor and the dean six manors for his maintenance. In later -times (1177) Henry II., on the ground that the canons had grown -wasteful and corrupt, substituted for Harold’s foundation -an Augustinian priory, then, seven years later, raised this to -the dignity of an Abbey, installing Walter de Gaunt, of Oseney, -as the first abbot.</p> -<p>Harold’s church was splendidly adorned, in a manner <a -name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span>that -suggests, as the late Bishop Stubbs observes, that the founder -had been influenced by Eastern art. Brazen plates, gilt, -were spread over the walls, the capitals and bases of the massive -pillars were curiously carved and wreathed with the gilded metal; -the altar was enriched with elaborate ornaments, the furniture, -reliquaries, and vestments were provided on a liberal -scale. Numerous relics, in addition to the miraculous -crucifix, formed part of the endowment. The consecration of -the church probably took place on May 3, 1060, the Feast of the -Invention of the Holy Cross, which became one of the fair days -under the charter of Matilda. Kinsinge, Archbishop of York, -performed the ceremony of consecration, assisted by most of the -English bishops. King Edward and his queen Edith, sister of -Harold, and the flower of the nobility, were present.</p> -<p>It was here that, scarce six years later, Harold, on his -return from Stamford Bridge, had news of the Norman -invasion. He stayed for the night at his mansion in the -park at Nazeing, still called Harold’s Park, and on the -morrow offered up prayers for his success in the Abbey. It -is recorded that the figure of the Saviour on the wondrous -crucifix bowed the head as if to express sorrow for his -inevitable fate. He set out for Senlac accompanied by two -of the canons, who, if the omen were fulfilled, were bidden to -bring back with them the body of the founder. -Harold’s war-cry was “Holy Rood.” The -canons, true to their trust, recovered the king’s body, by -the aid of Harold’s old love, Editha the -“Swan-necked,” and brought it to Waltham with all -possible honours. Here the remains were interred, being -translated from time to time as alterations and additions to the -church necessitated (it was not finally completed until 1125), -finding a final resting place near the great altar, about 140 -feet from the present east end of the church. Here a most -beautiful and imposing tomb was erected, but all that remains of -this is a curious piece of carved ironstone representing the face -of a warrior, which, after many vicissitudes, including its use -as a fountain ornament, was returned to the possession of the -church a few years ago, <a name="page22"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 22</span>and now reposes on the tomb of Robert -Smith in the chancel.</p> -<p>To the antiquary, the student, and the lover of all that is -beautiful in architecture, the ancient minster offers a boundless -store of interest. In the course of his scholarly -observations upon the architecture and history of the abbey -church the late Professor Freeman says: “Barbarous -mutilations and hardly less barbarous additions have entirely -destroyed its character, as seen from without, and even within, -both mediæval alterations of the strangest kind and the -accumulated enormities of more recent days have gone far to ruin -the general effect of the original building. Still a large -portion of the original interior remains untouched; an interior -deserving attentive study as one of the noblest specimens of -Northern Romanesque, and invested with a yet higher interest if -we may regard it as called into being by the taste and bounty of -the last of our native kings.”</p> -<p>The noble edifice was cruciform in plan, with a nave and -aisles (all that now remain), choir, and central tower. The -spring of one of the great arches upon which this latter stood, -is plainly visible at the present east end. This tower fell -in 1552, doubtless owing to the destruction of the choir, and the -present western tower was erected about five years later out of -the fragments. The nave consists of seven bays, and is 109 -feet long from east to west, by 55 feet wide, and from the floor -to the beautifully painted ceiling, the work of Sir E. J. -Poynter, is a height of 52 feet. Upon the great pillars -that support the arches will be noticed the spiral and chevron -indenting, originally filled with chased and gilt metal. In -some places the rivet holes are still discernible. The -aisles were originally vaulted, and the triforium passage above -was lighted by the circular windows that will be noticed. -There are three tiers of arches: the nave or arcade, the -triforium, and the clerestory. The Rev. J. H. Stamp, in his -excellent little history of Waltham, says of the plan and design -of the church that whilst the cruciform plan was significant of -Christ crucified, the twelve pillars <a name="page24"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 24</span>represented the apostles, and the -three tiers of arches the Holy Trinity.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image23" href="images/p23b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The interior of the Abbey Church, Waltham. Drawn by Duncan -Moul" -title= -"The interior of the Abbey Church, Waltham. Drawn by Duncan -Moul" - src="images/p23s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The wonderful grandeur and nobility of the interior can well -be appreciated by standing just within the tower and viewing the -“long-drawn aisles” through the great western -arch. This arch formed part of the scheme of restoration -and rebuilding which took place at the latter end of the -thirteenth century, when the original Norman doorway was removed -and a grand Decorated west front substituted. This had two -turrets on each side, terminating in octagonal pinnacles of fine -proportions and design, and a beautiful Decorated window appears -to have been inserted over the arch. Unfortunately, the -present tower obscures much of this thirteenth century -work. With this scheme of rebuilding, which was instigated -by Abbot Reginald and carried out by his successors, Abbots Hugh -and Robert, is associated a curious and unfortunate defacement or -destruction of a portion of the beautiful Norman arcading. -There will be noticed on either side of the church, near the west -end, a high Gothic arch, sadly out of harmony with the remaining -arcading. It is said that the architect who was first -engaged upon the restoration work was demented, and set about -transforming the architectural character of the church. He -removed the elegant filling-in of the triforium and cut away the -lower Norman arches, and after having thus mutilated two tiers of -arches on each side, began upon the third tier on the north side, -but was happily stopped in his crazy efforts by the interference -of the abbot, and his peremptory dismissal. It is to his -successor that we owe the beautiful western doorway and -front. This restoration scheme also included the adornment -of the interior with beautiful frescoes, signs of which are still -slightly visible on one or two of the arches.</p> -<h4>Relics and Monuments.</h4> -<p>Within the tower of the church are preserved the old stocks -and whipping-post, together with the pillory, which formerly -stood on the site now occupied by the new municipal -buildings. In the vestry are also preserved a number <a -name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 25</span>of -interesting relics, including a pilgrim’s bottle and the -massive blade of a battle-axe which, tradition avers, was -Harold’s.</p> -<p>There are many monuments and numerous interesting tablets and -memorials.</p> -<p>Of the monuments the most noticeable is the tomb of Sir Edward -Denny and his wife Margaret, in the chancel. The knight is -represented in armour lying on his left side, the figure of his -wife reclining below; their ten children are carved in relief, in -attitudes of prayer, upon the panel beneath. This Edward -Denny was the comrade of Spenser, the poet, and Sir Philip -Sidney, and the captor of the rebel Earl of Desmond.</p> -<p>Near by stands the effigy of Lady Elizabeth Greville, first -cousin to Lady Jane Grey, widow of Henry Denny (son of Sir -Anthony Denny) and wife of Sir Edward Greville, third son of the -ancestor of the present Earl of Warwick. This effigy is all -that remains of an elegant tomb of alabaster, which formerly -stood to the north of the altar.</p> -<p>On the opposite side of the chancel, near the organ, stands -the marble tomb of Robert Smith, a wealthy seaman of the -seventeenth century. The magnificent choir which was so -ruthlessly demolished by Henry VIII. at the Dissolution -contained, in addition to the tomb of the founder, the handsome -sarcophagi of Baron Hugh Nevil, Lord High Justice of England, -temp. Richard I.; Archdeacon Passelew, and numerous abbots, -earls, and knights.</p> -<p>There are three mural brasses on the south wall, one being to -the memory of Edward Stacey, one of the lay pensioners of the -monastery at the time of the Dissolution, and another to Thomas -Colte, second son of Sir John Colte, of Nether Hall, Roydon.</p> -<p>The remains of the old choir screen, a beautiful example of -carpentry and carving; the ancient Purbeck marble font; the -handsome reredos, and the fine rose window above; the marks of -the chain that once held the great Bible, on one of the pillars, -and many other features are here to interest the visitor. -The handsome <a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -26</span>stained glass in the Rose window, depicting the -Creation, and the three lights under the arch were designed by -the late Sir Edward Burne-Jones.</p> -<p>Nor must the beautiful Lady Chapel (the only chapel remaining -of five that were originally attached to the church) be -forgotten. This dates its foundation from 1316, and is by -some regarded as one of the richest specimens of mediæval -architecture in England. Its window tracery is certainly -very elegant, though this has undergone considerable -restoration. The interior was originally adorned with -statuary and frescoes, a painting of the Last Judgment occupying -the east wall. Traces of this ancient and curious -representation are still discernible. The remains of the -old piscina are also still in existence. Of the crypt -beneath, Thomas Fuller, who, by the way, was for many years -incumbent here, quaintly speaks as being “the finest that I -ever saw.”</p> -<h4>The greatness of the Abbey.</h4> -<p>Having feasted the eye and the mind on the many beautiful and -interesting features of the ancient fane, one may rest beneath -the aged elm tree in the churchyard, and meditate upon the -circumstance that this magnificent edifice is but a third portion -of Harold’s minster, and that only a fragment of the old -monastery which grew up around it in mediæval times, -forming a vast congregation of stately buildings, now remains; -that just as the physical characteristics of the Abbey and its -minster were vast and important, so were its landed possessions, -which stretched out far and wide on all sides; that the immensity -of its wealth was such that at the time of the Dissolution the -gross revenue amounted to £1,079 12s. 1d., representing -about £15,000 at the present day; whilst the potency of the -abbots, who were mitred and sat in Parliament, was great, and the -splendour of their respective establishments was upon a generous -scale. Some of these abbots, of whom there were thirty in -all, were great in the best sense of the word, and exercised -their potency for the good of the Abbey and the community towards -which they stood in the joint relation of spiritual and <a -name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>temporal -overlords.</p> -<h4>A Feudal Abbot.</h4> -<p>One of these particularly was a man of vigorous character and -determined spirit, who, “in asserting the rights and -privileges of the monastery during his rule, came into collision -with parishioners, neighbours, pope, and king.” -First, differences appear to have arisen between the parishioners -and the abbot as to the former having right of access to the -central tower and bells, which they had enjoyed under -Harold’s foundation. The abbot accordingly shut out -the people from this and the choir (the monastic part of the -church) by erecting a stone screen or wall immediately behind the -altar of the parish church (the present nave). This wall is -clearly observable from the outside beneath the Rose window at -the east end, and in this will be seen traces of two doorways -with which it was pierced to allow the dean or parish priest to -enter and minister to the people. There would seem to have -been reprisals on the part of the parishioners, for a little -later they disputed the abbot’s rights of grazing on the -marsh, and, resorting to violence, severely assaulted the keepers -and killed the abbot’s horses. For this the offenders -suffered the double penalty of being heavily fined by the -justices of the King’s Bench and excommunicated by the -abbot. The latter, however, did not enforce either, and -forgave the erring ones. Next Abbot Simon was at war with -the lord of the manor of Cheshunt, Peter, Duke of Savoy, who -claimed all the land west of the main stream of the -Lea—called the King’s stream—whilst the abbot -contended that his jurisdiction extended to the smaller stream -half a mile further west. The lawsuit which ensued was, as -old Fuller says, “as long lived as any in England,” -by reason of “the greatness of the clients”; but it -was finally concluded in favour of the abbot. This occurred -in 1248, and three years later the doughty abbot was setting the -pope at defiance by protesting against the persecution, -oppression, and robbery of the conventual churches by the bishops -and legates. Twice also Abbot Simon successfully resisted -the extortionate demands of the king, and stubbornly <a -name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>refused to -enrich the royal treasury at the expense of the monastery.</p> -<p>I am afraid I have rather digressed from the main purpose of -this little work in relating some of the deeds of this sturdy -abbot, but I think the brief relation of these may be of some -interest as an illustration of the social and religious -conditions of Waltham in mediæval times and of the -wonderful power wielded by these old ecclesiastical -potentates.</p> -<h4>A Conventual Relic.</h4> -<p>Now to resume the broken thread. The remaining fragment -of the conventual buildings to which I have alluded above -consists of a beautiful little chamber, often spoken of as -“an architectural gem,” which stands in the Abbey -gardens. It is locally known by the undignified appellation -of the “potato cellar,” due to its irreverent use in -modern times. It consists of a small longitudinal -apartment, with a beautifully groined ceiling and quadripartite -vaulting. It is 29 feet long, running north and south, and -has two doorways, one of which is blocked up. It is -considered to have been either the fratry or an antechamber to -the abbot’s mansion, in which the monks assembled -preparatory to the procession to the church.</p> -<p>One passes from the churchyard to the -market-place—another interesting corner of the old -town—by an ancient lych-gate, adjacent to the Harp Inn, -which is peculiarly interesting as being probably the oldest -existing relic of domestic architecture directly connected with -the Abbey, and has from very early times formed the main entrance -to the church.</p> -<p>Turning sharp to the left, into Sun Street, one is soon in the -old main road that runs from London, by Walthamstow, Chingford, -and Sewardstone, to Nazeing, Roydon, etc. To the left, -round by the New Inn, the fine old wall of the Abbey gardens -comes into view, and midway along its extent will be noticed the -sign of the cross and a lozenge (probably a sign indicative of -the Trinity) inserted in black brick. The remains of the -moat, which, with the mill stream, completely surrounded the -Abbey, will also be seen.</p> -<p><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -29</span>Retracing our steps towards London, a few yards beyond -the entry of Sun Street, will be noticed an old house jutting -upon the street, with stucco and “roughcast” -exterior, the entrance to which is by a gate in the adjoining -garden wall. This was the home of John Foxe, the -martyrologist, and here he wrote the famous “Book of -Martyrs.” It is said that Cranmer also occupied this -house when resident in Waltham. Its interior presents many -interesting features. In the garden is a tulip tree, which -is probably a descendant of <a name="page30"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 30</span>a fine specimen of this arboreal -rarity, which flourished for centuries in the old Abbey -gardens. This tree is said to have been one of the largest -and finest of its kind in all England. Its fame is -perpetuated by two finely carved chairs, made out of the wood of -the old tree, which stand within the sacrarium of the Abbey -church.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p29b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The home of Foxe the martyrologist at Waltham" -title= -"The home of Foxe the martyrologist at Waltham" - src="images/p29s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3><a name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span><span -class="GutSmall">CHAPTER II.</span><br /> -A RAMBLE TO EPPING FOREST AND HIGH BEECH.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">From</span> Foxe’s house it is a -pleasant walk to Epping Forest and High Beech. The way is -by Farm Hill (almost opposite Foxe’s house) to Brookside, -thence sharp to the right over the bridge, and up the hill by the -old windmill for a little more than half a mile, to the hamlet -known as Honey lane, where the margin of the fine old forest, the -heights of which will have been viewed on the way, opens -out. We turn up by the covered well and trough into Honey -lane itself. Those who may prefer to ensure a right -direction may keep to the roadway, which strikes up the hill -through the forest, and, bearing sharp to the left and right -respectively, leads direct to High Beech. It is more -pleasant, perhaps, to wander through the woodland, and such as -would prefer to do this may strike across the plain to the left -of the bridge over the stream, following the line of the -watercourse, then, taking a break in the thicket that will be -found, a clear way called the Verderer’s Path will soon be -entered. Pursuing this to the right (south), we come out at -the top of the hill in Honey lane, near a cyclists’ caution -board, and the way to High Beech, the spire of the church being -clearly noticeable, is then straight along the road. Many a -charming peep over the Lea Valley will have been enjoyed on the -way, but from High Beech Plain a panorama of superb beauty is -opened out to view. Those who have hitherto regarded the -home counties of Essex, Middlesex, and Herts as poor, flat, and -featureless parts of our England will be agreeably surprised at -the rich beauty of the landscape which this view of the <a -name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 32</span>Lea Valley -affords.</p> -<h4>Tennyson’s home.</h4> -<p>It was a scene that the late Lord Tennyson, who resided for -some years at Beech Hill Park here, which lies a little to the -west of the King’s Oak Inn, loved and admired, as he also -reverenced the ancient town and minster of Waltham. It was -the sonorous bells of Harold’s church that inspired the -beautiful lines of “In Memoriam”:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">“Ring out, wild -bells, to the wild sky.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>His noble drama of “Harold,” too, doubtless owes -its inception to the poet’s residence in and intimate -connection with this locality. High Beech church lies a -little beyond the King’s Oak Inn and the plain; it is a -modern building in the Gothic style.</p> -<p>From the church we retrace our steps to the inn named, and -make the historic earthworks known as Ambresbury Banks or Camp (a -bee line of about two miles) our next objective. The road -continues beyond the junction with Honey lane, whence we came, -then bears to the right on to the Wake Arms Inn and the main -Epping road, a little less than a mile along which brings us to -the camp, this lying on the east side of the road. But -there is a very pleasant way thither through the heart of the -forest, which I will endeavour to describe. Here, however, -I would suggest that all who wish to enjoy the real beauty of the -forest in this way should take the precaution to carry a reliable -compass, for it is very easy to become confused about the -geographical circumstances of one’s surroundings among the -wood and thicket.</p> -<p>We turn off across the open plain to the right, about 300 -yards beyond the King’s Oak Inn, where will be found a -track or walk, which at times is rather indistinct. Follow -this for about half a mile, then turn sharp to the right (east) -through the glade into the valley, skirting the swamp and Wake -Valley ponds (leaving these to the north) on to the main -road. Here we turn to the left and continue to the Wake -Arms Inn. Thence the Theydon road (opposite) is taken, down -Jack’s Hill for about half a mile, and when the <a -name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -33</span>Verderers’ Ride is noticed on the left, this is -followed to Ambresbury Banks. This route will take the -wanderer through parts of the forest that are almost -unfrequented, where oak and beech and hornbeam flourish in all -their wild grandeur; where many of the fungi and lichens, for -which the forest is so noted, will be met with, as well as many -beautiful flowering plants, rare-winged insects, and most of the -birds, so large and representative a number of which make their -home in the forest. Nor is it at all unlikely that a herd -of the forest deer will be seen, for these graceful creatures -generally resort to this part. Upon the walk one’s -mind almost naturally reverts to the days when this 5,000 odd -acres of woodland, now the “people’s -playground,” was a mere morsel of the great forest of -Waltham, an almost boundless tract of wild forest land, which -formed the favourite hunting ground for the Saxon, Norman, -Plantagenet, and Tudor kings.</p> -<p>Of Ambresbury Camp, which we have now attained, much has been -said and written in dispute as to its origin. There, -however, seems to be little doubt that it formed an important -British earthwork, and, despite all that has been said to the -contrary, it is extremely probable that it formed the final -stronghold of Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, from which she and -her vast army of Britons issued forth to do battle with the Roman -legions under Suetonius Paulinus, and suffered that terrible -defeat of which history tells us. This is a spot, -therefore, that awakens solemn thoughts.</p> -<h4>Copt Hall and Upshire.</h4> -<p>The road back to Waltham turns out of the Epping highway -directly opposite the camp, and takes us by the main entrance and -lodges of Copt Hall, once the stately seat of the abbots of -Waltham, who frequently entertained royal heads, potent princes, -and great nobles here. Robert Fuller, the last abbot, -surrendered the beautiful mansion and domain to Henry VIII. at -the Dissolution. In later times Copt Hall was the residence -of the Princess Mary, subsequently the seat of the Earl of -Middlesex, patron of old Thomas Fuller, and is now held by the -Wythes family. Half a mile further on we enter <a -name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>the pretty -hamlet of Upshire, with its broad expanse of green and pretty -little church, built a year or two ago by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, -Bart., lord of the manor, whose fine domain of Warlies stretches -far away over the undulating country to the north. The -entrance to Warlies is passed at the bottom of the hill. -Thence the way is by a pleasant country road, running through -fields and pastures, with here and there a farm-house or a group -of cottages, to Waltham Abbey again.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p35b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Eleanor Cross at Waltham" -title= -"The Eleanor Cross at Waltham" - src="images/p35s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span><span -class="GutSmall">CHAPTER III.</span><br /> -WALTHAM CROSS AND THEOBALDS</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Waltham Cross</span>, which is not to be -confounded with Waltham Holy Cross, commonly called Waltham -Abbey, for whilst the latter is in Essex, the former is in -Hertfordshire, and forms part of the parish of Cheshunt. To -reach Waltham Cross, the visitor must retrace his steps towards -the railway, and passing over this, the historic monument, which -stands at the junction with the old Great North Road—is -reached by a walk of five minutes’ duration.</p> -<p>Waltham Cross was one of the several similar monuments erected -to the memory of Queen Eleanor by her devoted husband, Edward -I. She died at Herdby, near Grantham, on November 12, 1290, -whence her remains were conveyed to Westminster for interment by -stages which were marked by ten crosses. Of these only the -crosses at Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham remain.</p> -<p>Waltham Cross has long been admired as an elegant specimen of -Early English or Middle Pointed architecture. It is -hexagonal in form, and consists of three handsome stages or -storeys, each terminated by an embattled frieze, whilst the -angles are respectively supported by a graduated buttress, -ornamented with foliated finials. Within the panels of the -lower storey are shields bearing the arms of England, Castile, -and Leon and Poictou; whilst statues of Queen Eleanor occupy -niches on the second storey.</p> -<h4>The Four Swans Inn.</h4> -<p>Each corner of the road that here debouches upon the main high -road is occupied by an inn, that nearer London being the Falcon, -and the other the Four Swans. Both are survivals of that -period of prosperity when the coaches between <a -name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>London and -Cambridge sped along the road. Whilst, however, the Falcon -has been rebuilt in recent times—a work which made possible -the widening of the roadway and the preservation of the -Cross—the Four Swans retains very much of its old-time -glory, and its sign is still stretched across the main street, -forming an advertisement of such a conspicuous character as would -not be admissible now-a-days. The interior of this inn -possesses many of those interesting features which are generally -attached to old coaching and posting houses, and in its oldest -portion is a handsome Jacobean staircase. Its foundation, -however, <a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -38</span>dates far beyond even coaching days, for the house -originally formed part of the possessions of the Abbey, of which -it was a guest house, whilst the Abbot’s manorial court was -held here. The oldest part of the house is that to the left -of the gateway on entering, and it is highly probable that the -suite of rooms in which the tenants assembled—described by -Dr. Stukeley in 1752 as being “where the chimneys -are”—were contained in this wing, whilst the older -portion of the spacious apartment over the gateway, now used as a -masonic hall, formed the abbot’s court-room. At other -times the place was used for the lodgement of pilgrims and -similar purposes. The sign of the Four Swans, the only one -that I have met with, is derived from the arms of Earl Harold, -whose shield had emblazoned upon it a cross with four swans.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p36b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Eleanor Cross, showing detail of carving. From -“Picturesque Hertfordshire.” Drawn by Duncan Moul" -title= -"The Eleanor Cross, showing detail of carving. From -“Picturesque Hertfordshire.” Drawn by Duncan Moul" - src="images/p36s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image37" href="images/p37b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Theobalds, formerly the favourite residence of King James I." -title= -"Theobalds, formerly the favourite residence of King James I." - src="images/p37s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h4>Theobalds.</h4> -<p>With the Abbey, the Cross, and the Four Swans Inn we leave -behind us, it may be said, associations with and monuments of -mediæval times, and enter upon the later, but no less -stirring epoch of English history which is marked by the Tudor, -Jacobean, and Commonwealth periods, by a visit to the historic -seat of Theobalds, or Tibbles, as it is locally called. The -entrance to the park is from the high road, close to Theobalds -Grove Station on the Great Eastern Railway branch line to -Cheshunt. As one saunters through the long leafy aisle, -there comes to mind the reference to this famous seat and its -locality in old Izaak Walton’s famous classic, the -“Complete Angler,” wherein the angler, the hunter, -and the falconer, each commends his recreation; Piscator avows -his intention of going “this fine, fresh May -morning,” as far as Ware, whereupon Venator says his -purpose is to “drink my morning draught at the Thatched -House, Hoddesdon,” and Anceps rejoins: “Sir, I shall, -by your favour, bear you company as far as Theobalds, and there -leave you; for then I turn up to a friend’s house, who mews -a hawk for me, which I now long to see.” The present -house of Theobalds, which is the seat of Lady Meux, is modern, -having <a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -40</span>been erected in 1768, and, though large, is not -beautiful. A view of the house and gardens can be obtained -by taking the footpath on the left, running along the bank of the -New River, the stream being widened into a lake here, and -creating a very pretty feature of the Park lands.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image39" href="images/p39b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Temple Bar. In its new home, at the main entrance to Theobalds -Park" -title= -"Temple Bar. In its new home, at the main entrance to Theobalds -Park" - src="images/p39s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The main entrance to the house is by the famous Temple Bar, -which stands a little further along the drive from which the path -has been taken. A more beautiful setting for Wren’s -wonderful gateway it would scarcely be possible to conceive or -create, and I know not another gateway entrance to a private park -or domain throughout the country that is more beautiful than -this. The nobility of its lines, the grandeur of the -design, and the beauty of the stone are here all thrown into -wonderful relief by the rich green of the foliage which forms the -setting of the gate. One cannot help wondering what Dr. -Johnson, or Sir Joshua Reynolds, or Charles Lamb, to all of whom -the old gate that marked the western boundary of the city was -familiar, would have said if they could have seen it transported -to its present position. They were all ardent lovers of the -town, and would certainly have lamented its loss from their Fleet -Street. The Doctor would probably have said, “Sir! it -is a vile outrage upon the City of London.” Yet I -think their artistic perceptions would have compelled them to -admit that its new home endowed it with a grandeur that it never -before possessed.</p> -<p>Theobalds and its immediate vicinity is very rich in historic -incidents. With it are associated the lives and deeds of -Cardinal Wolsey, the great Lord Burleigh, Queen Elizabeth, James -I., Charles I., the Cromwells, and others.</p> -<p>Theobalds formed one of the six manors into which was -parcelled the parish of Cheshunt, which itself at the time of the -Conquest formed a manor in the Honour of Richmond, conferred upon -Earl Alan by his uncle, William the Conqueror. The origin -of the name is unknown, but in 1441 we find the manor of -Theobalds was granted by the Crown to the hospital of St. <a -name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>Anthony, in -London. About the middle of the sixteenth century it was -conferred upon William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burleigh, Secretary -of State to Edward VI. and Elizabeth. In July, 1564, the -queen paid her trusty counsellor a visit here, and was so pleased -with her reception and the beauty of the place, that she -expressed her intention of returning hither at a future -date. Cecil accordingly demolished the old grange and -erected a spacious and handsome mansion for her majesty’s -reception.</p> -<p>A contemporary biographer of Cecil has pertinently observed, -“He buylt three houses; one in London for necessity, -another at Burghley, of computency for the mansion of his Barony, -and another at Waltham for his younger sonne, which at the first -he meant but for a little pile, as I have hard him saie, but -after he came to enterteyne the Quene so often there he was -inforced to enlarge it, rather for the Quene and her greate -traine and to sette poore on worke, than for pompe or glory, for -he ever said it wold be to big for the smalle living he cold -leave his sonne.” The same author also says Cecil -“greatlie delighted in making gardens, fountaines, and -walkes, which at Theobalds were perfected most costly, bewtyfully -and pleasauntly, while one might walk twoe myle in the walkes -before he came to their ends.”</p> -<p>Norden has remarked of Cecil’s new house: “To -speake of the state and beauty thereof at large as it deserveth -for curious Buildings, delightfull walkes and pleasaunt conceits -within and without and other Thinges very glorious and elegant to -be seene, would challenge a great portion of this little -treatise, and therefore leaste I should come short of that one -commendation that it deserveth, I leave it as indeede it is, a -princely seate.”</p> -<p>Vallens, in his “Tale of Two Swannes” (1590) also -pays a graceful tribute to Cecil and old Theobalds in the -following lines:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Now see these Swannes, the new and worthy -seate<br /> -Of famous Cecil, tresorer of the land,<br /> -Whose wisdome, counsell, skill of princes’ state<br /> -<a name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 42</span>The world -admires; then Swannes may do the same:<br /> -The house it selfe doth shewe the owner’s wit,<br /> -And may for beautie, state and every thing,<br /> -Compared be with most within the land.”</p> -</blockquote> -<h4>James I. and Theobalds.</h4> -<p>Lord Burleigh was succeeded in 1598 by his second son, Robert, -first Earl of Salisbury, who here entertained James I. for four -days on his way from Scotland to London to take possession of the -throne, as well as the Lords of the Council, who were here to do -homage to the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. In July, 1606, -James again visited the earl at Theobalds, together with the King -of Denmark, and their majesties were entertained with great -magnificence during a stay of five days. The account of the -proceedings related by a contemporary chronicler furnishes us -with an interesting if not very edifying glimpse into the ways -and manners of Court life in the seventeenth century. Much -of the period of their majesties’ stay at Theobalds appears -to have been occupied by a series of masques and debauches. -At one of the pageants the King of Denmark represented Solomon, -and a lady of the Court, in the character of the Queen of Sheba, -proceeded to perform her part by laying gifts at the -monarch’s feet. She had, however, imbibed so freely -of the fine wines supplied from the Cecil cellar that she was -unable to retain her balance, and fell, sprawling, into the lap -of the king. Rising from his magnificent throne, the latter -attempted to dance with the “fallen” queen, but the -royal legs being as unsteady as those of the lady, the twain cut -a sorry sight, and his majesty had to be carried away -ignominiously to his chamber. “Now did appear,” -writes the chronicler, who would seem to have been one of the -guests, “Faith, Hope, and Charity. Hope did essay to -speak, but wine did render her endeavours so feeble that she -withdrew. Faith was then all alone, for I am certain she -was not joined by Good Works, and left the Court in a staggering -condition. Charity came then to the king’s feet, and -soon returned to Hope and Faith, who were both sick in the lower -hall.”</p> -<p><a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 43</span>So -delighted was King Jamie with Theobalds and the hunting afforded -by its domain, as well as in the adjoining Enfield Chase and -Waltham Forest, that he prevailed upon the noble owner to -exchange it for Hatfield, and the latter has since that time -(1608) remained the home of the Cecils. The king enlarged -the park of Theobalds, which he enclosed with a wall ten miles in -circumference. He passed nearly all his leisure here, and -died at Theobalds on March 25, 1625.</p> -<p>Charles I. also received homage at Theobalds upon his -succession to the throne, but he had not that affection for the -place which his father displayed. He retired hither, -however, at the end of 1641, or beginning of 1642, to escape the -unpleasantness of State affairs, and in February of the latter -year here received the solemn remonstrance of Parliament. -Hence he set out a month later, with a body of adherents, to -raise the Royal Standard at Nottingham. It is by some -stated that the unfortunate king wrote a portion of the -“Eikon Basilike” at Theobalds.</p> -<p>That strange passion for destruction which possessed Cromwell -and the Parliamentarians moved these ignorant sectarians to -destroy the handsome palace reared by Lord Burleigh, and enlarged -and beautified by James I.; its rich contents were dispersed, and -its beautiful gardens ruthlessly destroyed.</p> -<p>Charles II. bestowed the manor of Theobalds upon General -Monk—for the consideration of £12,067 6s. -8d.—and created him Duke of Albemarle. It descended -to the Duke of Montagu, and later to the Cromwell family, then -with the estate of Cheshunt Park to the Russells, subsequently -became the property of Sir George Prescott, and finally was -purchased by the late Sir Henry Meux, Bart. In 1712, when -Sir Thomas Abney lived at Theobalds, he persuaded Dr. Isaac Watts -to retire hither. During his thirty-six years’ -residence here the learned divine wrote his famous hymns and -songs, and died in 1748 at the age of seventy-four.</p> -<h3><a name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span><span -class="GutSmall">CHAPTER IV.</span><br /> -CHESHUNT AND ITS SURROUNDINGS.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Old</span> Cheshunt village is a little -less than a mile north of Theobalds by the road that turns up the -hill, opposite Temple Bar, to Bury Green, thence leaving the -cemetery on the left. A pleasant old-fashioned inn, where -the magisterial business was dispensed for many years, and a -small cluster of houses form the old village to-day, with -Cheshunt College, a foundation by Selina Countess of Huntingdon, -for the training of Nonconformist ministers, hard by, and the -fine old parish church reposing in its ample “God’s -Acre,” opposite. But in quite recent times the -builder has been busy in this locality, and at the bottom of the -village a good many houses of the suburban villa type have been -erected. The most populous part of Cheshunt has grown up -along either side of the high road, here known as Cheshunt -Street, nearly half a mile distant, eastward, leaving the old -village isolated, as it were. But it was here that stood -the fine old mansions for which the parish was once famed, -grouped around and about the church. Of these more -presently. Meantime a walk may profitably be taken along -Church Gate, whence proceeding between some handsome old -sixteenth century houses, with overhanging fronts, one steps into -a street or lane that wears a most charming air of -antiquity. At the bottom is the old Free school, founded by -Robert Dewhurst in 1640, the building forming an interesting -example of the domestic Tudor-Jacobean transition style.</p> -<h4>A strange Custom.</h4> -<p>Cheshunt is the modernised form of the Roman Cestrehunt. -A British encampment is said to have existed here, a little to -the west of the ancient Ermine Street, upon the track of which -the high road now runs. What may <a name="page46"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 46</span>be the remains of this exist in a -field lying on the west of the churchyard and close to the -cemetery. It is also recorded that a bank or earthen wall -extended in early times through this parish, which is believed to -have been the boundary of the East Saxons. In connection -with this bank a curious custom exists. By this, if a -copyholder dies seised of land on the west, or above bank, the -right of succession falls to the eldest son, but if it is below -the bank then to the youngest son.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image45" href="images/p45b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"In the village at Cheshunt" -title= -"In the village at Cheshunt" - src="images/p45s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Cheshunt parish is an extensive one, and its physical aspect -wonderfully varied, with a richly wooded undulating -surface. There are many elevated situations from 300 to 354 -feet above sea-level, and from most of these beautiful views of -the surrounding country are to be enjoyed. The district, -too, abounds in charming walks, and field paths are -numerous. Large areas are devoted to fruit culture, roses, -horticultural nurseries, and market gardens. Quite a -feature of the place are the extensive rose nurseries of Messrs. -Paul and Son in the high road, and these are well worthy a visit -by lovers of flowers, to whom they are at all times -accessible.</p> -<p>It was to old Pengelly House, which stood in its spacious -grounds (now built over), opposite Cheshunt College, that Richard -Cromwell, the deposed Protector, retired after his return from -the Continent in 1680. He spent his remaining days here as -the guest of Sergeant Pengelly, afterwards Chief Baron of the -Exchequer, in the name of Clarke.</p> -<h4>Cheshunt Great House.</h4> -<p>A little beyond the old village, on the road that runs to -Goff’s Oak and Cheshunt Common—a beautiful breezy -height—stands a structure that strikes one as odd in form -and character. It is isolated and alone, occupying a slight -elevation, and little conjecture is needed to recognise this as -the remains of an old moated mansion. It is known as the -Great House, and believed to have originally been the Palace of -Waltham, of which ancient records speak, and later served as the -seat of the lord of the manor of St. Andrews-le-Motte. The -foundations <a name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -48</span>of this structure are by some authorities considered to -date back to the fifteenth century, and a well-known local -antiquary asserts that it was built 1380–90, as the palace -for Cardinal Henry Beaufort, second son of John of Gaunt. -The original house was a quadrangular Gothic building, surrounded -by a moat, of which traces are clearly discernible. A -considerable portion of the structure was demolished in -1801. The Great House long formed a dower palace of the -queens of England, and in 1519 was granted to Cardinal -Wolsey.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p46b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Cheshunt Great House" -title= -"Cheshunt Great House" - src="images/p46s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Though it is difficult to be precise and certain about the -history of this interesting old building, there can be no doubt -about its being a very old foundation, and having formed part of -a large and important domestic structure. The great hall, -which is the chief feature of the remains, is a very noble -apartment, and must belong to a period earlier than the -Tudors. It is 27 feet long by 21 feet wide, with a height -of 36 feet to the centre of the arched roof. This is -supported by ribs of chestnut wrought in the Gothic style. -The sides are wainscoted, and the floor is paved with black and -white marble. On the walls hang numerous portraits of kings -and queens, statesmen, and others, most of them attributed to -great masters. All I should like to say about them is that -as portraits many are interesting. There are also some -examples of chain and other armour and various weapons of war, as -well as some curious pieces of furniture, said to have belonged -to the mighty Cardinal. Several other apartments are open -to visitors, and in one is a quaint rocking-horse reported to -have belonged to Charles I., who was, of course, frequently at -Theobalds in the days of his childhood. Grim and tragic -stories are told about the underground chambers of this old -place.</p> -<h4>Cheshunt Church.</h4> -<p>The handsome old parish church of St. Mary’s, which is -seen from the Great House, pleasantly and serenely ensconced amid -rich arboreal surroundings, is reached by a path through the -fields opposite. Though its foundation dates back to a -period anterior to the Conquest, for the church then <a -name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 49</span>existing was -presented to the canon of the priory of Fulgar, in Brittany, by -Constance, daughter of William of Normandy, the present church is -a building of the sixteenth century, in the early Perpendicular -or Transition style. It was erected by Nicholas Dixon, -Clerk of the Pipe Office and Baron of the Exchequer, who held the -Rectory, temp. Henry VI. Like many another parish church -this of Cheshunt has undergone numerous alterations and -additions, ill-planned restorations and barbaric effacements, but -the survival is a beautiful building, of noble proportions and of -no slight architectural interest. Perhaps its most -noticeable feature is the fine stone and flint embattled tower, -with an octagon cupola at the south-east corner. This -probably replaced the spire which originally graced the tower, -and from a date on the lead beneath would seem to have been -erected in 1811. From another angle formerly projected a -cresset, very similar to that on Hardley Church, near -Barnet. The precise use of these old beacon lights on -churches seems not to be very clear, but they were probably used -as signals of alarm in troublous times.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a name="image47" href="images/p47b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Parish Church, Cheshunt" -title= -"The Parish Church, Cheshunt" - src="images/p47s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Few who enter this church by the handsome doorway at the base -of the tower, the armorial ornamentation of which is worthy -notice, will fail to admire the view which is afforded when -standing beneath the noble western arch of the lower wall, by the -handsome nave and chancel, lighted by a clerestory, and closed in -by an open timber roof, the latter beautifully painted. -There is a good deal to interest one within the church. -There will be noticed a modern Rood screen across the chancel -front, and originally there existed a very handsome screen of -this character, access to which was gained by a small staircase -on the southern side, which was clumsily demolished at the -restoration in 1872. In the chancel pavement is a brass to -Nicholas Dixon, the founder, whilst a Gothic altar tomb of -Purbeck marble occupies a recess in the north wall. The -latter is to the memory of Robert Dacres, of Cheshunt, Privy -Councillor to Henry VIII. Other notable monuments are those -of Sir Henry Atkins, physician to James I. <a -name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 50</span>and Charles, -Daniel Dodson and Margaret Lady Whatton, whose virtues are thus -recited:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Fair as an Angel, virtuous as a saint,<br -/> -Whose beauty and whose grace no art can paint,<br /> -Highly belov’d by all and so admir’d,<br /> -As much bewail’d when she from hence retir’d,<br /> -Her soul so pure from earth to Heaven soar’d,<br /> -There to enjoy the God she here enjoy’d,” etc.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Between the nave and chancel on either side is a curious -ornamental opening pierced through the wall. What purpose -these served it is hard to determine. In the tower chamber, -which has a beautiful vaulted roof, is the ancient octagonal font -of Purbeck marble, as well as the very old alms chest or poor -man’s box, with three fine hasps and locks, and strongly -bonded with iron. In the churchyard stand a large square -tomb, the burial place of the Cromwell family for several -generations.</p> -<p>The Cromwells held Cheshunt Park, which lies a little less -than a mile north of the church, beyond Flamstead End. This -pleasant little hamlet would seem by its name to furnish another -link with Saxon times, for Flamstead in Anglo-Saxon would mean -“place of refuge.”</p> -<p>The manor of Cheshunt Park originally belonged to the Crown, -but was purchased by Sir William Cecil in 1570, and became merged -in the manor of Theobalds. It was seized with other Crown -lands by the Parliament in 1650, and then leased to William -Groff. Thence it passed to the Cromwells and -Russells. Mrs. Russell was the last person who bore at -birth the name of Cromwell, through direct male descent. -Her father, Oliver, great-grandson of Henry, son of the -Protector, was very desirous of leaving his name to his -son-in-law, and applied several times for the royal licence for -Mr. Russell to assume it. But the king, George III., always -refused, saying, “No! no! No more Oliver -Cromwells!” There is a plan of the park made in -connection with a survey in 1611, in the British Museum, and it -is therein stated to be “in length just 3 myles and in -circuit along the paile 8 myle lack 30 poles.”</p> -<p><a name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 51</span>At the -northern extremity of the parish, along the high road, lies the -hamlet of Turnford, still a picturesque little spot, though now -given over to the builder and market gardener. Scores of -acres of glasshouses exist here. In early times, however, -the famous nunnery of the Benedictines extended along the eastern -side of the road here. At the Dissolution this, with other -lands in the parish, fell into the possession of that “old -land grabber,” as a Herts antiquary has dubbed Sir Anthony -Denny. Nothing now remains of the nunnery.</p> -<p>Cheshunt Street contains a good many interesting examples of -old domestic architecture. There is rather a curious -structure here known locally as the Round House, which has been -in the family of the present owner since the time of -Elizabeth. It was built by a descendant of one of -Elizabeth’s sea captains, who was engaged in the seven -years’ war. He settled down here, and called it -Effingham Place.</p> -<h4>The heights of Cheshunt</h4> -<p>The highlands of Cheshunt are all of a beautiful character, -and the climate of these elevated situations is particularly -healthful, the air being clear and bracing. To the north -lie Hammond Street, Appleby Street, and the beautiful sylvan -hamlet of Beaumont Manor; to the west is the pleasant old village -of Goff’s Oak, with pretty Newgate Street beyond, and the -noble domain of Wood Green Park adjacent. More to the north -is the picturesque old hamlet of Cuffley, to the curative waters -of whose well King James frequently repaired. From Cuffley -one may enjoy a very fine view of the Lea Valley and the richly -timbered undulations of Epping Forest. The little place is -effectually cut off from the affairs of ordinary civilisation, -and is as isolated as a hamlet in the heart of Warwickshire.</p> -<p>Goff’s Oak is a pretty little place, with many -interesting features about it. Its numerous -cottages—there is only one good-sized house—lie, -irregularly disposed on either side of the road, often behind -ample gardens beautiful with lilies and larkspur, rocket, -wallflowers, hollyhocks, and other old-time flowers. It -gains its <a name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -52</span>name from a famous old oak tree, said to have been -planted by one of William the Conqueror’s heroes, Sir -Theodore Godfrey, to whom lands here had been assigned (hence -Godfrey’s—Geoffrey’s -Oak—Geoff’s—Goff’s Oak). The -venerable tree, of which only the trunk now remains, has a girth -of over twenty feet at three feet from the ground. It -reminds one of the beautiful lines of Dryden:</p> -<blockquote><p>“The Monarch Oak, the Patriarch of the -Trees,<br /> -Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees;<br /> -Three centuries he grows, and three he stays,<br /> -Supreme in state; and in three more decays.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p52b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Decorative footer" -title= -"Decorative footer" - src="images/p52s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h2><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 53</span>A -CHRONOLOGY OF WALTHAM HOLY CROSS,<br /> -OTHERWISE WALTHAM ABBEY.</h2> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">By the Rev. J. -H. Stamp</span>.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">54 B.C.</p> -</td> -<td><p>The British Prince Caswallon encamps at Waltham.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">circ. A.D. 64.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Defeat, death, and burial of Queen Boadicea near Warlies, -in this Parish.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">A.D. 894.</p> -</td> -<td><p>King Alfred floods Waltham Marshes and discomfits the -Danes.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">circ. 1030.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Discovery of the Holy Cross of Waltham at Montacute, in -Somerset. Tovi, Canute’s Standard Bearer, builds the -first Parish Church of Waltham.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1059.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Earl Harold, afterwards King, erects his Norman Church on -the site of Tovi’s Church.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1060.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Consecration of Harold’s Church on May 3rd, in the -presence of King Edward the Confessor.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1062.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Foundation of Harold’s secular college.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1066–7.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Burial of King Harold before the High Altar.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1177.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Harold’s College dissolved and Augustinian Priory -founded by Henry II.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1184.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Waltham Priory becomes Waltham Abbey.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1201.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hugh Nevil, the Crusader and High Justice, interred in the -Choir.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1252.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Interment of Archdeacon Passelew, Bishop-designate of -Chichester.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1286–1370.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Restoration of Nave of Parish Church, Decorated West Front -inserted, and Lady Chapel erected.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1290.</p> -</td> -<td><p>The body of Queen Eleanor deposited in the Church for one -night.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1291–2.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Erection of Eleanor Memorial at Waltham Cross.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1307.</p> -</td> -<td><p>King Edward the First’s body rests for three months -near Harold’s Tomb.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">circ. 1370.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Erection of the Abbey Gateway and Walls.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1400.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Abbot William de Harleston assists at the Funeral of -Richard II., at Kings Langley.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><a name="page54"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 54</span>circ. 1509.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Stained Glass Window, presented to Waltham by Henry VIII., -now in St. Margaret’s, Westminster.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1528–29.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Henry VIII. at Waltham. Cranmer meets Fox and -Gardiner in the Homeland, near the Abbey of Waltham, and strikes -the keynote of the Reformation.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">circ. 1530–40.</p> -</td> -<td><p>The King places Waltham at the head of his scheme of new -Bishoprics. Thomas Tallis, Organist of the Abbey.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1540.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Monastery dissolved on March 24th. Abbot, Robert -Fuller, Ex-prior of St. Bartholomew’s, Smithfield.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1540–52.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Destruction of the Monastery, Choir, Transepts, Eastern -Chapels, and Central Tower. Estates granted to Sir Anthony -Denny.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1556–58.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Present Tower erected at the West End. Five Abbey -Bells sold to provide funds for the completion of the -Steeple.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1563.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Parish Registers commenced.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1565.</p> -</td> -<td><p>John Foxe, the Martyrologist, resides at Waltham.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1600.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Sir Edward Denny, Knt. (comrade of Sir Philip Sidney and -Spenser, the Poet), interred in the Chancel.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1605–27.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dr. Joseph Hall, author of the Contemplations, &c., -Incumbent of the Parish, afterwards Bishop of Exeter and -Norwich.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1613.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Birth of Dr. George Hall, third son of Bishop Hall, at -Waltham Abbey. He became Archdeacon of Canterbury and -Bishop of Chester.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1619.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lady Elizabeth Greville, cousin to Lady Jane Grey, -interred in the Abbey Church.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1637–38.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Edward, Baron Denny of Waltham, and Earl of Norwich, -interred in the Chancel; also his wife, the Lady Mary Cecil, -Granddaughter of Lord Burleigh.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1648–58.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dr. Thomas Fuller, Church Historian, incumbent of -Waltham.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">circ. 1656.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Six Bells presented by the Parishioners.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1660.</p> -</td> -<td><p>James Haye, the second Earl of Carlisle and Baron of -Waltham, interred in the Chancel.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1668.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Restoration of Church and Lady Chapel.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1798–1810.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Repair and alteration of Tower. Two Bells added.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><a name="page55"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 55</span>circ. 1837–40.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lord Tennyson resides at Beech Hill Park in this -Parish.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1848–50.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dr. W. H. Cummings (Principal of Guildhall School of -Music), Organist of Abbey Church.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1853.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Great West Doorway Restored: Ambrose Poynter, Esq., -Architect.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1859–60.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Restoration of Interior: W. Burges, Esq., Architect. -East Windows designed by Sir E. Burne-Jones. Ceiling -painted by Sir E. J. Poynter, P.R.A.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1876.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Restoration of the Lady Chapel by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, -Bart.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1879–93.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Reconstruction and completion of the Organ.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1882.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lord Frederick Cavendish at Waltham the Sunday before his -assassination in Phœnix Park on May 6th, when Queen -Victoria visited the Parish, and declared “the Royal Forest -of Waltham free and open to the Public for ever.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1886.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Carved Oak Screen, presented by the Parishioners, in -memory of Rev. J. Francis, Vicar of the Parish 1846–85.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1887.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Illuminated Memorial Clock and Westminster chimes -presented by J. Parnell, Esq., J.P.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1901–2.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Erection of St. Thomas’ Mission Church, near Warlies -Park, by Sir T. Fowell Buxton, Bart., G.C.M.G.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1902.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Unveiling of Rough Riders’ Memorial Tablet by Sir -Ian Hamilton.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1904–5.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Repair of upper stage of the Tower, rebuilding of parapet -with battlements and turrets in accordance with the original -design of 1556–8.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -56</span>INDEX.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span -class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Abbey Gateway, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page14">14</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, Waltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Abbots of Waltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ambresbury Camp</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Architecture of the Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Beech, High</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page31">31</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Beech Hill Park</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Brasses in the Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page25">25</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Cheshunt</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Cheshunt Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, College</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, Free School</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, Park</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Churches:—</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p> The Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p> Cheshunt</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p> High Beech</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p> Upshire</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page34">34</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Copt Hall</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Eleanor Cross, Waltham, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Eleanor, Queen</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ermine Street</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Four Swans, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Foxe, John</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page29">29</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Fuller, Thomas</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Goff’s Oak</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Great House, Cheshunt, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Gunpowder Factory</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page12">12</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Harold’s Bridge</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Harold, King</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Harold’s Burial Place</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page21">21</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Henry VIII. and Waltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>High Beech</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page31">31</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>High Beech Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>History of Waltham Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Holy Cross, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page17">17</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Honey Lane</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page31">31</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>James I., King</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>King’s Oak Inn, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Lady Chapel, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Lea Navigation, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page12">12</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Legend of the Holy Cross</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page17">17</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Market Place, Waltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page28">28</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Pillory, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Potato Cellar, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page28">28</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Reformation, The Keynote of the</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Romeland</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page12">12</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Rose Nurseries, Cheshunt</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Round House, Cheshunt</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Stocks, Waltham, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Temple Bar</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page40">40</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Tennyson, Lord</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Theobalds</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page38">38</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Tombs</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Tovi the Proud</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page17">17</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Turnford</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Upshire</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page34">34</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page34">34</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Wake Arms Inn, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Waltham Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page17">17</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, History of</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>,, and Henry VIII.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Waltham Cross</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Watts, Dr.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Whipping Post, The</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="pageii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -ii</span>ADVERTISEMENTS. <a name="citationii"></a><a -href="#footnoteii" class="citation">[ii]</a></h2> -<h3>THE HOMELAND HANDBOOKS.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A DELIGHTFUL SERIES OF -ILLUSTRATED</b><br /> -<b>TOPOGRAPHICAL GUIDES</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>With Maps and Plans</b>.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: center">Cloth.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: center">Paper.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>1</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Tonbridge for the Angler</b>, <b>the Holiday-maker and -the Resident</b>. By Stanley Martin and Prescott Row</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>2</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Tunbridge Wells of To-Day</b>. By Stanley Martin -and Prescott Row. Second Edition in preparation. -Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>3</p> -</td> -<td><p>“<b>London Town</b>.” By Eric -Hammond. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>4</p> -</td> -<td><p>“<b>Lyonesse</b>”: <b>The Isles of -Scilly</b>. With Introduction by the late Sir Walter -Besant. Fourth Edition in preparation. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>5</p> -</td> -<td><p>“<b>Wolfe-Land</b>”: <b>The Westerham -District</b>, <b>Kent</b>. By Gibson Thompson. Third -Edition. Ordnance Map</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>6</p> -</td> -<td><p>“<b>Kent’s Capital</b>”: -<b>Maidstone</b>. By Stanley Martin and Prescott Row. -Second Edition. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>7</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Croydon</b>, <b>New and Old</b>. By Edward A. -Martin, F.G.S., and J. E. Morris, B.A. Third Edition. -With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>8</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dartmoor and its Surroundings</b>. By Beatrix F. -Cresswell. Fourth Edition. Edited by William -Crossing. With two Ordnance Maps.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>9</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Rochester and Chatham with Pen and Camera</b>. By -A. G. Munro, B.A. Second Edition. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>10</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Reigate and Redhill</b>. By T. Francis W. -Hamilton. Second Edition. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>11</p> -</td> -<td><p>“<b>Surrey’s Capital</b>”: <b>Guildford -and District</b>. By J. E. Morris, B.A. Third -Edition. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>12</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dulverton and District</b>: <b>The Country of the Wild -Red Deer</b>. By F. J. Snell, B.A. Second -Edition. Cloth Edition contains Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>13</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Farnham and its Surroundings</b>. By Gordon -Home. With Introduction by the late Edna Lyall. -Second Edition. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>14</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Godalming and its Surroundings</b>. By T. F. W. -Hamilton. With Map. Second Edition in -preparation.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>15</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Teignmouth and its Surroundings</b>. By Beatrix -F. Cresswell. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>16</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Hastings and St. Leonards</b>. By W. H. -Sanders. With Plan.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>17</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Epsom and its Surroundings</b>. By Gordon -Home. With a Prefatory Note by “A.R.” -With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>18</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Minehead</b>, <b>Porlock</b>, <b>and Dunster</b>: The -Seaboard of Exmoor. By C. E. Larter. Second -Edition. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>19</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Cranbrook</b>: <b>The Town of the Kentish -Weald</b>. By Stanley Martin. Second Edition. -With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>20</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dawlish</b>, <b>and the Estuary of the Exe</b>. -By Beatrix F. Cresswell. Cloth Edition contains Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>21</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>St. Albans</b>: <b>Its Abbey and its -Surroundings</b>. By C. H. Ashdown, F.R.G.S., F.C.S. -With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -iii</span>22</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Bromley</b>, <b>Beckenham and Chislehurst</b>. By -George Clinch. Introduction by Philip Norman, F.S.A. -With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>23</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Exeter and the Cathedral</b>. By Beatrix F. -Cresswell. With Plan.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>24</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Kingston-upon-Thames and Surbiton</b>. By Dr. W. -E. St. L. Finny. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>25</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Evesham and its Neighbourhood</b>, <b>including -Broadway</b>. By William Smith. With Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>26</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Petworth and Mid-West Sussex</b>. By L. C. -Barnes. With Map. (Cloth only).</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">—</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>27</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Newquay</b>, <b>The Vale of Lanherne and -Perranzabuloe</b>. By Fanny Goddard. With Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>28</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Haslemere and Hindhead</b>. By Joseph E. Morris, -B.A. Second Edition. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>29</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Taunton and Taunton Deane</b>. By Beatrix F. -Cresswell. Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/3</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>30</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Littlehampton</b>, <b>Arundel and Amberley</b>. -By Rev. W. Goodliffe, M.A. Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>31</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Tavistock</b>: “<b>The Western Gate of -Dartmoor</b>.” By William Crossing. -Introduction by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould. Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>32</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Plymouth</b>: “<b>The Metropolis of the -West</b>.” By W. H. K. Wright. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>33</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>The Chalfont Country</b>, <b>South Bucks</b>. By -S. Graveson. Introduction by the Rev. W. H. Summers. -Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>34</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dunstable</b>: <b>The Downs and the District</b>. -By Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S., F.A.I., F.R.S.A., Ireland. -With two Maps, showing, the antiquities and Plans.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>35</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>The Quantock Hills</b>: <b>Their Combes and -Villages</b>. By Beatrix F. Cresswell. With Ordnance -Map (Cloth only).</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">—</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>36</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Oxted</b>, <b>Limpsfield and Edenbridge with their -Surroundings</b>. By Gordon Home. Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>37</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Lynton</b>, <b>Lynmouth and the Lorna Doone -Country</b>. By Joseph E. Morris, B.A. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>38</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Horsham with its Surroundings</b>. By W. -Goodliffe, M.A. With a Chapter on Christ’s Hospital -by R. H. Hamilton. Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>39</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Seaford and Newhaven with their Surroundings</b>. -By George Day. Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>40</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Huntingdon</b>, <b>St. Neots and St. Ives</b>. By -H. L. Jackson, M.A. and G. R. Holt Shafto. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>41</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>King’s Lynn with its Surroundings</b> (including -Sandringham). By W. A. Dutt. With Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>42</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Woking and Ripley with their Surroundings</b>. By -A. H. Anderson. Plan and Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>43</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Hertford and its Surroundings</b>. The country of -Charles Lamb and Izaak Walton. By W. Graveson. -Ordnance Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>44</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dorking and Leatherhead with their -Surroundings</b>. By J. E. Morris, B.A. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>45</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Harold’s Town</b>, <b>Waltham and Cheshunt with -their Surroundings</b>. By Freeman Bunting. Ordnance -Map.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>46</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Dorchester and its Surroundings</b>. By F. R. and -Sydney Heath. Ordnance Map and Plan.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>47</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>The Church of St. Mary, Luton</b>. By Constance -Isherwood. Plan</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1/-</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>MANY OTHERS IN -PREPARATION</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pageiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. iv</span>E. J. -HANCHET,</h3> -<table> -<tr> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center">Estimates given free<br /> -for Renovating and<br /> -Repairing.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pivb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Picture of grave with stone monument" -title= -"Picture of grave with stone monument" - src="images/pivs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -</td> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center">MARBLE FIGURES.<br /> -STATUES.<br /> -FOUNTAINS.<br /> -BATHS.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center">MONUMENTAL and<br /> -GENERAL MASON,<br /> -SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p. v</span><span -class="smcap">Cheshunt Laundry</span>.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">(Well known as the Hand -Laundry.)</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>ESTABLISHED . . . . . . . -1901</i>.</p> -<p style="text-align: -center">•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>HIGH CLASS DYEING & -CLEANING</b><br /> -and<br /> -<b>GENERAL LAUNDRY WORK</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>Expert Shirt and Collar -Dressers</i></b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pvb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Picture of the Cheshunt Laundry" -title= -"Picture of the Cheshunt Laundry" - src="images/pvs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center">Head Office:—91, HIGH STREET, -CHESHUNT.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>Orders Collected and -Delivered Free by our</i></b><br /> -<b><i>own Vans</i></b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>LARGE OPEN AIR DRYING -GROUNDS</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Excellent -References can be Given</span>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagevi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. vi</span><span -class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP.</span><br /> -HOLLAND & BARRETT,<br /> -Waltham Cross,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">TEA DEALERS</span>.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>HOLLAND & BARRETT</b>,<br /> -Cheshunt,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><b>TEA DEALERS</b></span>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>HOLLAND & BARRETT</b>,<br /> -Waltham Abbey,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><b>BAKERS AND -CONFECTIONERS</b></span>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>Special Notice.</h3> -<p><i>To</i> . . .</p> -<p class="gutindent"><b>Town Clerks</b>,<br /> -<b>Clerks of Local Authorities</b>,<br /> - <b>Secretaries of Advertising -and</b><br /> - <b>Town Improvement -Committees</b>.</p> -<p>If you are interested in a District to which you wish to draw -Public Attention, and think that it would be helped by the issue -of a well-illustrated “Homeland Handbook,” write to -the <b>General Manager</b>, The Homeland Association for the -Encouragement of Touring in Great Britain, Association House, 22, -Bride Lane, Fleet St., London, E.C.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagevii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -vii</span><span class="GutSmall">THE . . .</span><br /> -Homeland Readers.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>By M. T. YATES</i></b>, -<b><i>LL.D.</i></b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>With numerous Illustrations, -Maps and Diagrams</b>.</p> -<p><b>THE HOMELAND READERS</b>, for Council and all Public and -Private Schools, are issued by the Homeland Association, which is -doing so much to encourage Touring at Home in the Motherland of -our Empire, and in widening our knowledge of Great Britain, by -publishing a series of Handbooks containing useful and -interesting information relating to towns and country districts -in various parts of the land. This “national and -patriotic work” has not only received the commendation of -the King, but his Majesty has authorised a copy of each volume -issued by the Association to be sent to him.</p> -<p><b>THE HOMELAND READERS</b>, like the Homeland Hand-books, -contain a description of the most striking Geographical and -Natural features, with particulars of the History, Traditions, -Antiquities, Worthies, and Industries of each County. The -treatment of the subject is very simple and, as far as possible, -all difficulties are explained as they occur. The First, or -Junior Book, for children under 10 years of age, contains but few -place-names. Only the chief features and events are given, -with sufficient details to awaken interest and impart life and -colour. The Second, or Senior Book, for older children, is -as comprehensive and exhaustive as the space will allow.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Book I</b>.—<b>STORIES of -SURREY</b>. <b>Cloth Boards</b>, 1/- net.<br /> -<b>Book II</b>.—<b>The COUNTY of SURREY</b>. <b>Cloth -boards</b>. 1/3 net.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">PUBLISHED -FOR THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION BY</span><br /> -<b>RUDD & CO.</b>, <b>12</b>, <b>Ludgate Square</b>, -<b>E.C.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pageviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -viii</span><span class="GutSmall">Where to Stay at Waltham -Abbey.</span><br /> -NEW INN COMMERCIAL HOTEL,</h3> -<p class="gutindent"><b>Sun Street</b>, . . . . . . . .<br /> -<b>WALTHAM ABBEY</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>The House for -Catering</i></b>.<br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><b>ESTIMATES GIVEN FOR DINNERS, TEAS, -&c.</b></span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pviiib.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of New Inn Commercial Hotel, Waltham Abbey" -title= -"Photograph of New Inn Commercial Hotel, Waltham Abbey" - src="images/pviiis.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">NEW INN -COMMERCIAL HOTEL, WALTHAM ABBEY.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>SPLENDID ACCOMMODATION FOR -CYCLISTS</b>.<br /> -(Private Entrance, etc.)<br /> -<b>Wines</b>, <b>Spirits and Cigars of the Finest -Quality</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Proprietor</b> . . . . . . . -<b>P. G. HULME</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><span class="smcap">The Cock Hotel</span>,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">. . . WALTHAM ABBEY.</span></h3> -<table> -<tr> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center"><b>Wines</b><br /> -<b>and</b><br /> -<b>Spirits</b><br /> -<b>of the</b><br /> -<b>Highest</b><br /> -<b>Quality</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Finest</b><br /> -<b>Brands</b><br /> -<b>of</b><br /> -<b>Cigars</b>.</p> -</td> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pcockb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of the Cock Hotel, Waltham Abbey" -title= -"Photograph of the Cock Hotel, Waltham Abbey" - src="images/pcocks.jpg" /> -</a></p> -</td> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center"><b>Every</b><br /> -<b>convenience</b><br /> -<b>for</b><br /> -<b>Motorist</b><br /> -<b>and</b><br /> -<b>Cyclist</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Excellent</b><br /> -<b>Stabling</b><br /> -<b>Accommodation</b>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>CLOSE TO -THE ABBEY AND OPPOSITE THE TOWN HALL</i></span><span -class="GutSmall">.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A MOST CONVENIENT HOTEL FOR -VISITORS TO THE TOWN</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>All Parties Catered for</b>. . . -. <b>Fully Licensed for Music and Dancing</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Large Room suitable for Masonic -Purposes, Smoking Concerts, etc.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><i>Apply to</i> <b>F. K. WARD</b> -(<b>Late H. M. Service</b>), <i>Proprietor</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><span class="smcap">McMullen</span> & <span -class="smcap">Sons</span>, <sup>Ltd.,</sup><br /> -Brewers, Wine and Spirit Merchants.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/phertbrewb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"The Hertford Brewery" -title= -"The Hertford Brewery" - src="images/phertbrews.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center">THE HERTFORD BREWERY.</p> -<p style="text-align: -center">••••••••••••••••••••••••</p> -<p style="text-align: center">FAMILY PALE ALE,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">18 gallons, -18/- 9 gallons, -9/- 4½ gallons, -4/6</span><br /> -INVIGORATING STOUT,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">IN CASK AND BOTTLE.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: -center">••••••••••••••••••••••••</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>GAIRLOCH GOLDEN MALT SCOTCH -WHISKY</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">The large and increasing demand for -this Pure Whisky proves how<br /> -much its quality is appreciated.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Per dozen</b> . . . . . -<b>42/-</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Stores</b> . . . <b>WALTHAM -ABBEY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pageix"></a><span class="pagenum">p. ix</span><span -class="GutSmall">All Seeds and Bulbs sent carriage and packing -free on receipt of remittance.</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pix1b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Graphic heading for Barr’s Superior Seeds for Flowers -& Kitchen Garden" -title= -"Graphic heading for Barr’s Superior Seeds for Flowers -& Kitchen Garden" - src="images/pix1s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>BARR’S SEED GUIDE</b></p> -<p>Contains a Select List of the best Seeds for securing a supply -of Vegetables “The Year Round,” and a full -Descriptive List of the most beautiful Annuals and Perennials for -keeping the Flower Garden and Greenhouse always gay. It is -full of Practical Hints on the culture of Vegetables and Flowers, -valuable to Gardeners, Amateurs and Exhibitors. <i>Sent -free on Application</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall"><b>BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF</b></span><br /> -<b>SUPERIOR VEGETABLE SEEDS</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">5/6, 7/6, 12/6, 21/-, 42/-, 63/- to -105/- Full particulars on application.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall"><b>BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF</b></span><br /> -<b>CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">2/6, 5/6, 7/6, 10/6, 15/-, 21/-, -30/-, 42/-, 63/- Full particulars on application.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pix2b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Graphic heading for Barr’s Beautiful Hardy Gold Medal -Daffodils. The most lovely of all Spring Flowers" -title= -"Graphic heading for Barr’s Beautiful Hardy Gold Medal -Daffodils. The most lovely of all Spring Flowers" - src="images/pix2s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p><b>BARR’S DAFFODILS</b> were awarded the only <b>GOLD -MEDAL</b> at the Royal Horticultural Society’s First Great -Daffodil Conference, 1884; <b>PREMIER PRIZE</b>, 1894; <b>GOLD -MEDAL</b>, 1896; <b>GOLD MEDAL</b>, 1899; <b>TWO GOLD MEDALS</b>, -<b>FIRST PRIZE</b>, and <b>£10 10s. CHALLENGE CUP</b>, -1901; <b>TWO GOLD MEDALS</b>, 1902; <b>GOLD MEDAL</b>, 1903; -<b>GOLD MEDAL</b>, 1904; <b>GOLD MEDAL</b>, 1905; also many -Silver and Silver-gilt Medals, Certificates, etc., at the London -and Country Flower Shows.</p> -<p><b>BARR’S 21s. AMATEUR’S COLLECTION OF -DAFFODILS</b> contains 6 Bulbs each of 26 high-class Daffodils, -all beautiful.</p> -<p><b>BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION</b> -contains <b>500</b> Daffodils in 20 fine showy varieties, -suitable for naturalizing in grass, shrubberies, etc.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>BARR’S COLLECTIONS OF -BULBS</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><b>FOR INDOORS AND OUTDOORS</b></span></p> -<p><b>BARR’S 21s. “GREENHOUSE” COLLECTION</b> -contains <b>300</b> Spring-flowering Bulbs of finest quality.</p> -<p><b>BARR’S 21s. “FLOWER GARDEN” -COLLECTION</b> contains <b>600</b> Spring and Summer-flowering -Bulbs, all decorative.</p> -<p><b>BARR’S 21s. “WOODLAND” COLLECTION</b> -contains <b>800</b> Bulbs, suitable to naturalize in Woodlands, -Orchards, Wild Gardens, etc.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">For full particulars of the above -and other Collections, see Barr’s Bulb Catalogue.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>BARR & SONS</b>, 11, 12 -& 13, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">Nurseries:—DITTON HILL, SURBITON, -SURREY. Visitors Invited.</span></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagex"></a><span class="pagenum">p. x</span><span -class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS.</span><br /> -. . MILK . .</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>Delivered Direct from -the</i></b><br /> -<b><i>Farm to the Consumer</i></b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A. C. WITHERS.</b><br /> -<b>69, York Road, Waltham Cross.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>JAMES GLENDENING,</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>COAL AND COKE MERCHANT</b><br /> -<b>FACTOR AND COLLIERY AGENT</b>,<br /> -<b>WALTHAM CROSS</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">GLENDENING’S COALS FOR -COMFORT.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>You cannot MOVE without it.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>WHERE TO LIVE ROUND -LONDON</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">An A B C Guide to 90 Districts on -the Southern side of London.—Rates, Price of Gas, Subsoils, -Schools, Agents, invaluable information, with Coloured Geological -Map. 2s. 6d. post free.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION,</b><br -/> -<b>22, Bride Lane, Fleet Street, E.C.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. xi</span><span -class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS.</span><br /> -<i>When you want</i> . . .<br /> -Boots and Shoes</h3> -<p>you will be well GUIDED if you go to</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>F. </b><span -class="smcap"><b>Butterfield</b></span><b>,</b><br /> -The Cash Boot Stores,<br /> -<b>WALTHAM CROSS</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">With every CHANGING SEASON you will -there<br /> -find a very Large Variety of</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Up-to-Date Boots and -Shoes</b><br /> -. . suitable for . .<br /> -<b><i>ANY POSSIBLE REQUIREMENT</i></b>.</p> -<p class="gutindent"><b>ALWAYS the Latest Shapes</b>,<br /> -<b>ALWAYS the Best Possible Value</b>,</p> -<p style="text-align: center">NO JOB LINES, but</p> -<p class="gutindent"><b>ALWAYS the Very Best Lines in -Footwear</b></p> -<p>that can be secured for money.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -CROSS.</span><br /> -COALS! COALS!</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Best Qualities</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">AT</span><br /> -<b>Lowest Prices.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>J.& H. GIRLING.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">Depot: WALTHAM CROSS STATION.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">Office—79, Eleanor Cross -Road, Waltham Cross.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><i>For BOOTS and SHOES</i><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">GO TO</span><br /> -H. BOWEY.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A good variety of Ladies’ -and Gent.’s BOOTS and SHOES</b><br /> -<b>for best wear kept in stock</b>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">STRONG RELIABLE BOOTS for WORKING MEN.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Also SCHOOL BOOTS for CHILDREN . . . . .</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>REPAIRS A SPECIALITY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>175, High Street, Waltham -Cross.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center"><a name="pagexiii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. xiii</span>Posters.<br /> -Handbills.<br /> -Billheads.<br /> -Memos.<br /> -Time Sheets.<br /> -Prospectuses.<br /> -Circulars.<br /> -Pamphlets.<br /> -Balance Sheets.<br /> -Programmes.<br /> -Note Headings.<br /> -Testimonials.<br /> -Sermons.<br /> -Visiting Cards.<br /> -Business Cards.<br /> -Invitation Cards.<br /> -Wedding Cards.<br /> -Xmas Cards.<br /> -Mourning Cards.<br /> -Receipt Books.<br /> -Order Books.<br /> -Delivery Books.<br /> -Etc., Etc.</p> -</td> -<td><p><b>Telegrams</b>:—</p> -<p class="gutindent">“<b>Welsford</b>, <b>Waltham -Cross</b>.”</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p><b>H. WELSFORD</b>,</p> -<p class="gutindent"><i>Caxton</i> . .<br /> -<i>Steam</i> . .<br /> -<i>Printing</i> . .<br /> -<i>Works</i> . .</p> -<p><b>WALTHAM CROSS</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p><b>Good Commercial</b> . . .<br /> -<b>Printing at Moderate</b> . . .<br /> -<b>Prices</b>. . . .</p> -<p><b>Up-to-date Plant</b> . . .</p> -<p><b>Prompt Delivery</b> . . .</p> -<p><b>No Order too large</b> . . .</p> -<p><b>Office of the</b> . . .<br /> -<b>Waltham and Cheshunt</b> . . .<br /> -<b>Pocket Time Table</b> . . .</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xiv</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -CROSS.</span><br /> -D. J. CARTER,</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WILLOW -DEALER,</span><br /> -<b>Cricket and Lawn Tennis Outfitter</b>,<br /> -109, ELEANOR CROSS ROAD, and<br /> -103, HIGH STREET,<br /> -<b>Waltham Cross, HERTS.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">EVERY DESCRIPTION OF INDOOR & -OUTDOOR<br /> -SPORTS AND GAMES SUPPLIED.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>REPAIRS A SPECIALITY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>The following Makers’ -Goods can be supplied at</b><br /> -<b>the shortest possible notice:</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="smcap">Messrs</span>.<br /> -F. H. AYRES; BREEDON; F. SURRIDGE; CLAPSHAW;<br /> -FRANK BRYAN; DUKE & SON; W. SYKES;<br /> -FELTHAM & <span class="smcap">Co</span>.; GRADIDGE & -SONS; VAUGHAN;<br /> -GUNN & MOORE; QUAIFE BROS.; ODD & SON;<br /> -T. H. PROSSER & SONS; WINDETT & SMITH;<br /> -RILEY & <span class="smcap">Co</span>.; WISDEN & <span -class="smcap">Co</span>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>D. J. CARTER’S Cricket -Bats</b>,<br /> -<b>The Slogger, 10/6 each. The Ideal, 12/6 each.</b><br /> -<b>Perfection, 15/- each. The Autocrat, 18/6 each.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. xv</span><span -class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM CROSS.</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Metcalfe’s Emporium</span>,<br /> -<i>Established 1877</i>,</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">For Furniture, Bedding, Carpets, -Sewing<br /> -Machines, Wringers, Mangles, Wedding Rings,<br /> -Jewellery, Watches, Clocks, Drapery, Ladies’<br /> -Jackets, Mantles, Dress Goods, Under Linen,<br /> -Baby Linen, Musical Instruments, Pianos,<br /> -Gramophones, Musical Boxes, Boots and Shoes.<br /> -Men’s, Boys’ and Youths’ Clothing, ready<br /> -made and to measure, fit guaranteed. Every<br /> -requisite for the Household.</p> -<p>Pay for a complete home or any single article by easiest of -easy instalments, or <b>5 per cent. discount for cash</b>. -A pair of Boots for <b>6d. per week</b>. A good Silver -Watch for <b>1/- per week</b>. A Piano for <b>2/6 per -week</b>. <b>20/-</b> worth of Goods for <b>6d. per -week</b>. A Suit of Clothes for <b>1/- per week</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p><i>NOTICE</i>.—<i>Any of the above-mentioned goods</i>, -<i>and others too numerous to mention</i>, <i>kept in -stock</i>. <i>A visit is respectfully solicited</i>, <i>or -price of goods will be sent on application</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p><span class="GutSmall"><span class="smcap">Note the -Address</span></span><span class="GutSmall">:</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>W. METCALFE</b>,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">HOUSE FURNISHER, GENERAL DRAPER, -CLOTHIER,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">BOOT & SHOE MERCER, -&c.,</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>WALTHAM NEW TOWN, WALTHAM CROSS, -N.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexvi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xvi</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -CROSS.</span><br /> -General and Fancy Drapery,<br /> -R. H. MARLOW.</h3> -<p>MILLINERY, HOSIERY,<br /> -HABERDASHERY, BOOTS<br /> -AND SHOES.</p> -<p><b>TERMS—CASH on or</b> <br /> -<b>before Delivery.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>POST OFFICE,</b><br /> -<b>149</b><br /> -<b>Eleanor Cross Rd.,</b><br /> -WALTHAM NEW TOWN.</p> -<p style="text-align: -right">••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>Straw Hats and Bonnets Trimmed -Free of Charge</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>Works: STATION ROAD.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>T. C. HOWARD,</b><br /> -<b>Carpenter, Builder & Decorator,</b><br /> -<b>7, YORK ROAD,</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">WALTHAM CROSS, N.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: -center">•••••••••••••••••<br -/> -All kinds of Drainage and Sanitary Work done.<br /> - -•••••••••••••••••</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Estimates given for all kinds of -House Repairs</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexvii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xvii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -CROSS.</span><br /> -H. J. BOLTON,<br /> -<i>Cowkeeper and Dairy Farmer</i>,<br /> -WALTHAM CROSS.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">PURE NEW MILK SUPPLIED FROM HIS OWN -COWS,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">. . ALSO . .</span><br /> -<b>STERILIZED & HUMANISED MILK TO ORDER.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center">Always obtainable at:<br /> -DAIRY FARM, STATION ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS;<br /> -THE DAIRY, No. 171, HIGH ROAD, WALTHAM CROSS;<br /> -No. 25, HIGHBRIDGE STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY.</p> -<p>All Cream supplied is “Separator Skimmed,” and all -Butter sold is made from “Separated” Cream. Ice -is manufactured on the premises with water supplied by the -Metropolitan Water Board.</p> -<p>All Milk supplied is now passed through a Filter, which -removes all sediment, and which is far superior to the -old-fashioned strainer.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY -EXECUTED</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>WALTER LAWRENCE & SON,<br /> -BUILDING . . . . .<br /> -CONTRACTORS.</h3> -<p><i>HEAD OFFICE</i>:—</p> -<p class="gutindent"><b>Canal Works,</b><br /> -<b>Waltham Cross, N.</b></p> -<p>AND AT</p> -<p class="gutindent"><b>Moselle Works,</b><br /> -<b>Tottenham, N.</b></p> -<p><span class="smcap">Nat. Tel</span>. 5, <span -class="smcap">Waltham Cross</span>. 1741, <span -class="smcap">Tottenham</span>.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">ESTABLISHED 1871.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xviii</span>FUNERALS PERSONALLY CONDUCTED.<br /> -STRICTLY MODERATE CHARGES.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>WILLIAM H. MASH</b>,</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxviiib.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of William H. Marsh’s establishment" -title= -"Photograph of William H. Marsh’s establishment" - src="images/pxviiis.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center">FUNERAL FURNISHER and MONUMENTAL -MASON.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>230, High St., and 18, Trinity -Villas,</b><br /> -<b>WALTHAM CROSS.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexix"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xix</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -H. C. WALSH,</h3> -<p>Cycle and = = =<br /> -Motor = =<br /> -Works,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Cheshunt,<br /> -Herts.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><span class="GutSmall"><i>Established 1717</i></span><span -class="GutSmall">.</span><br /> -RICHARD GATER & SONS,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">UNDERTAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS,</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center">Cabinet Makers, French Polishers, -Paper Hangers,<br /> -and General House Decorators.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">CONTRACTORS FOR HOUSE REPAIRS.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">NOTE—</span><br /> -<b>84, King Edward’s Rd., Waltham Cross,</b><br /> -<b>HERTS, N.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexx"></a><span class="pagenum">p. xx</span><span -class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -<i>E. ROPER</i>,</h3> -<p style="text-align: right">Cowkeeper and<br /> -Dairy Farmer,</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Drawing of a cow" -title= -"Drawing of a cow" - src="images/pxxs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Crossbrook house</b>,<br /> -<b>High Street, CHESHUNT.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">Claremont Farm, GOFFS OAK.</p> -<p>Butter, Eggs and Cream.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Families waited upon twice -daily.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Cows kept on the Premises.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxi</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">91, TURNER’S HILL, CHESHUNT, -HERTS.</span><br /> -AUG. J. HALL.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Printing, Stationery, Fancy -Goods & Toys.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">Large -assortment of</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">LOCAL POST CARDS OF THE -NEIGHBOURHOOD.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ROYAL -DEVONSHIRE ART POTTERY.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Bookbinding, Relief Stamping, -Copper-plate</b><br /> -<b>Printing.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Letterpress Printing done ON THE -PREMISES</i>.<br /> -<b>Newspapers and Periodicals delivered</b>. <b>Lending -Library</b>.<br /> -AGENT FOR PULLARS’ DYE WORKS, PERTH.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">ORDERS BY POST PROMPTLY -EXECUTED.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>The Model<br /> -DAIRY,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">17, TURNER’S HILL,</span><br /> -CHESHUNT.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">Special Pure Rich Milk, Butter and -Eggs<br /> -DELIVERED TWICE DAILY,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">FROM THE</span><br /> -<b>DAIRY AT NETHER HALL</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: right">A. E. SWANTON, Proprietor.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxii</span><i>Cheshunt Funeral Establishment</i>.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCE NO -OBJECT.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>A. G. NICHOLAS,</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">FURNISHING UNDERTAKER,</span><br /> -<b>189, TURNER’S HILL,</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">(Opposite Moray Place).</span><br /> -<b><i>MEMORIALS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION</i></b><b>.</b><br /> -Office of Church of England Temperance and General Permanent -Benefit<br /> -Building Society.<br /> -<b>Telegraphic Address: Nicholas, Undertaker, Cheshunt.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p>Of the many classes of business called into requisition by the -requirements of mundane existence, that of the Funeral Furnisher -demands an interest which it is seldom accorded. This is, -however, not the correct position to adopt in what is an -eminently practical age, so, at least, we are taught to believe; -and, therefore, we should not disdain knowledge on so important a -subject.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p>In the district of <b>Cheshunt</b> no name is more intimately -associated with <b>funeral furnishing</b> than that of <b>Mr. A. -G. Nicholas</b>, and no house has made a more thorough study of -the details of the business so as to entail upon the relatives -and friends of the deceased the <b>minimum amount of trouble and -discomfort</b>. Over twenty years ago witnessed his initial -steps in founding what is now the only business which makes a -speciality of this class of work, as the premises recently -constructed <b>at 189</b>, <b>Turner’s Hill</b> make -sufficiently plain to the passer-by. Commencing business as -a joiner, builder, and undertaker at the period mentioned, the -marked development of the latter department—as witness the -many interments of deceased persons—has induced <b>Mr. -Nicholas</b> to give special attention to this branch, which -includes <b>cremating and embalming</b>, the erecting of all -descriptions of <b>monumental masonry</b>, surveys of property, -and transactions in all forms of life and other insurance, -agencies being held for many leading companies.</p> -<p>When we consider the opportunity which the undertaker -possesses for exercising influence upon persons under great -mental strain, it will be seen how essential it is that they -should be men who are above suspicion. Happily, however, -the morale of the business has greatly improved, which is due in -a large measure to the standard of the tradesmen who may be said -to be representative of their calling.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Cromwell Cottages, Cheshunt, June -5th, 1891.</p> -<p>Dear Mr. Nicholas.—On behalf of myself and the rest of -our family, I wish to thank you for the way in which you -conducted the funeral of my mother and brother. I am sure -you studied our feelings in every possible way, and we all think -the charges very moderate indeed. Again thanking -you,—I remain, yours truly,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">H. NORRIS.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">King’s Road, Doncaster, June -22nd, 1895.</p> -<p>Dear Sir,—P.O.O. for the balance of your account -enclosed. Thanking you for the nice quiet way in which the -interment was conducted,—Yours faithfully,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">H. BEAVAN.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Wimbledon, April 1st, 1904.</p> -<p>Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I feel that I must write to thank you -for your great kindness to us in our trouble, and for the kind -help you gave to save us bother in every possible way you -could. I cannot express to you all I feel about it; but, -believe me, my sisters and I will never forget your kindness to -us; and if there were just a few more about as ready as yourself -to lend a helping hand, the world might be a happier -one.—With very kind regards, I am yours sincerely,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">EMILY NEALE.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Oxted, May 15th, 1904.</p> -<p>Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I had not an opportunity of seeing -you yesterday, to thank you for undertaking the removal of the -body of my poor brother, and for the great trouble it must have -put you to. I can assure you that you have all our sincere -thanks, and we quite appreciate all the difficulties you must -have had to contend with. Now he is at rest, we can also -rest. You will, I am sure, know how we can and do -appreciate this after such an anxious and trying time as last -week. We could not do this but for the trouble you must -have taken for us.—Yours very truly,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">E. A. SWAN.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><a name="pagexxiii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. xxiii</span>Leyton, Essex, October 29th, -1904.</p> -<p>Mr. Nicholas. Dear Sir,—I beg to offer my sincere -thanks for the trouble you have taken in connection with the -interment of my deceased father on the 27th inst., for the nice -way in which your arrangements were made and carried out in so -quiet and sympathetic a manner that all the mourners thought you -had conducted the funeral in such a way that the thanks of the -family were justly due to you. I hope you will accept these -through me, the son of the late Henry Brewster.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">I remain, yours sincerely, C. -BREWSTER.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Chiswick, December 31st, 1904.</p> -<p>Dear Mr. Nicholas.—Many thanks for your kindness in -effecting the purchase of my late husband’s grave. I -must thank you and express my appreciation of the able and -reverent manner in which the funeral arrangements were carried -out, and with kind regards, I remain yours faithfully,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">EMMA OLIVER.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center"><b>Insurance</b><br /> -<b>Agent</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Fire, Life</b><br /> -<b>and</b><br /> -<b>Accident.</b></p> -</td> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxiiib.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Mr. A. G. Nicolas" -title= -"Mr. A. G. Nicolas" - src="images/pxxiiis.jpg" /> -</a></p> -</td> -<td style='vertical-align: middle'><p style="text-align: -center"><b>Builder</b><br /> -<b>and</b><br /> -<b>Contractor</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Estimates</b><br /> -<b>for</b><br /> -<b>Repairs.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Rents</b><br /> -<b>Collected.</b></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p>The local “Weekly Telegraph,” reporting the -funeral of the late Mr. R. T. Gardner, in 1899, who was for -twenty-five years rate collector of the Parish of Cheshunt, -mentioned the fact that the arrangements were undertaken by Mr. -Nicholas, at the request of the deceased, made shortly before his -death.</p> -<p>The following has reference to one of Mr. Nicholas’s -building transactions:</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Willesden Lane, N.W.</p> -<p>Dear Mr. Nicholas,—I am in receipt of your account, -which I think reasonable. I enclose a cheque for -£50. Thanking you for the personal interest which you -took in the work, and the highly successful way in which it was -carried out,—With kind regards, yours faithfully,</p> -<p style="text-align: right">HERBERT T. ANDREWS.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">The originals of the above letters -are open to inspection.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxiv</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Geo</span>. BLAXLAND,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">THE CITY TAILOR,</span><br /> -<i>Hatter</i>, <i>Hosier & Gentlemen’s -Outfitter</i>.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxivb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of G. Blaxland’s shop" -title= -"Photograph of G. Blaxland’s shop" - src="images/pxxivs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>MEN’S WEAR</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Best Makes and Newest Shapes in<br -/> -HATS & CAPS, RAINPROOF COATS & CYCLE CAPES.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p><b><i>All New Designs for this</i></b><br /> -<b><i>Season</i></b></p> -</td> -<td><p><b><i>Tailoring a Speciality</i></b>.<br /> -<b><i>Perfect Fit Guaranteed</i></b>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><b><i>Newest Styles in Ready-</i></b><br /> -<b><i>made Suits</i></b><b>, </b><b><i>in Large</i></b><br /> -<b><i>Variety</i></b></p> -</td> -<td><p><b><i>A Large Selection of Ties</i></b>,<br /> -<b><i>Gloves</i></b>, <b><i>Shirts</i></b>, <b><i>Collars -and</i></b><i> </i><b><i>Hosiery</i></b></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center">JUVENILE AND YOUTHS’ -CLOTHING, IN ALL SIZES.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall"><b>TURNER’S MILL, CHESHUNT.</b></span></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxv</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -C. & A. BLAXLAND,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">FAMILY GROCERS,</span><br /> -Wine, Spirit, Beer & provision Merchants.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxvb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of C. & A. Blaxland’s shop" -title= -"Photograph of C. & A. Blaxland’s shop" - src="images/pxxvs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center">DEALERS IN CORN AND POULTRY -FOOD.<br /> -<i>AGENTS FOR W. & A. GILBEY</i>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Bass’s Pale Ale, -Guinness’s Stout. Barrett’s, -Whitbread’s,<br /> -Fremlin’s and Truman’s Ale and Stout in Bottles and -Casks.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>PATENT MEDICINES.</b></p> - -<div class="gapmediumline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>CHESHUNT.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxvi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxvi</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -T. BONES,<br /> -Florist and Nurseryman<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">HIGH STREET, CHESHUNT.</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>WREATHS, CROSSES, WEDDING -BOUQUETS, and</b><br /> -<b>other Floral Arrangements, made of the Choicest</b><br /> -<b>Flowers, on the Shortest Notice.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center">FRESH CUT FLOWERS, in variety, -ALWAYS AT HAND.<br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><i>PRICES TO SUIT ALL -CLASSES</i></span><span class="GutSmall">.</span><br /> -<b>BEDDING PLANTS, etc., at Lowest Prices for Good Stuff.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortdoubleline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ORDERS BY -POST WILL RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION.</span></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>ROBERT ARCHER,<br /> -Builder, House Decorator and Undertaker,</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">(Established 70 Years.)<br /> -ESTIMATES FOR ALL KINDS OF REPAIRS.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Funerals conducted to or from all -parts of the Country.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DESIGNS -SUBMITTED AND MEMORIALS SUPPLIED.</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">Telegrams—“</span><span -class="GutSmall"><span class="smcap">Archer</span></span><span -class="GutSmall">, </span><span class="GutSmall"><span -class="smcap">Waltham Cross</span></span><span -class="GutSmall">.”</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Office: 43, TURNER’S -HILL.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>ROLAND R. ARCHER,</h3> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p><b>43,</b><br /> -<b>TURNER’S HILL,</b><br /> -<b>CHESHUNT.</b></p> -</td> -<td><p>Plans, Specifications<br /> -and Detail Drawings<br /> -prepared for New<br /> -Buildings, Alterations<br /> -and Additions at<br /> -Reasonable Fees.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxvii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxvii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -J. EDWIN GAZE, M.P.S.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">(<i>Late HOPPER & Co.</i>)<br -/> -<b>Dispensing and Family Chemist,</b><br /> -<b>77, Turner’s Hill, Cheshunt.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">STORE PRICES FOR CASH.<br /> -<i>PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS A SPECIALITY</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">DARK ROOM FOR AMATEURS.<br /> -— <i>DEVELOPING AND PRINTING UNDERTAKEN</i>. —</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><span class="GutSmall">CHESHUNT BUN HOUSE.</span><br /> -J. L. STOREY,<br /> -Bread and Biscuit Baker,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">—</span><span -class="GutSmall"><i>PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER</i></span><span -class="GutSmall">, —</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Turner’s Hill, CHESHUNT, -HERTS.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortdoubleline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Genuine Home-Made Bread. -Peak Frean’s Biscuits.</b><br /> -<b>Rowntree’s, Fry’s and Cadbury’s -Chocolates.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>— FAMILIES WAITED UPON -DAILY. —</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -ABBEY.</span><br /> -M. CUTHBERT,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">Stationer and Newsagent,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">13, SUN ST., WALTHAM ABBEY.</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center">LOCAL VIEWS A SPECIALITY.<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">GIANT POST CARDS, 12 ins. by 9 ins., of -THE ABBEY, Etc.,</span><br /> -<b>3d. Each.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">A VERY LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT -OF<br /> -LOCAL VIEW POST CARDS.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">— CALL AND INSPECT. -—</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxviii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -ABBEY.</span><br /> -WM. PALLETT, Junr.,<br /> -Corn and Seed Merchant,<br /> -<i>WALTHAM ABBEY</i>.</h3> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Office and Retail -Department</b>—<br /> -34, HIGH BRIDGE STREET.<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">Mills and Granaries—</span><br /> -<b>NEAR THE ABBEY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>WILLIAM PALLETT, J<sup><span -class="smcap">unr</span></sup><sup>.</sup></h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>Stationer</i></b><b>, -</b><b><i>Newsagent</i></b><b>,</b><br /> -<i>and</i><br /> -<b><i>Fancy Toy Dealer</i></b><b>,</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center">CHURCH-YARD, WALTHAM ABBEY.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Picture Framing and -Bookbinding</b>.<br /> -<b>FISHING TACKLE IN GREAT VARIETY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Photographs of Churches and -Places of Interest</i><br /> -<i>in the Neighbourhood</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxix"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxix</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -ABBEY.</span><br /> -MELLODEW & COCKS,</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>22</i></b><b>, -</b><b><i>Sewardstone Street</i></b><b>,</b></p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b><i>WALTHAM ABBEY</i></b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxixb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of Mellodew & Cocks, Grocers & Provision -Merchants" -title= -"Photograph of Mellodew & Cocks, Grocers & Provision -Merchants" - src="images/pxxixs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center">For the Best of Everything in . . . -<b>Grocery and Provisions</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE CHEAPEST MONEY CAN -BUY</b>.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>Trading Stamps<br /> -Given Gratis . . .</p> -</td> -<td><p>Families Waited<br /> -on Daily . . . . . .</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h3><a name="pagexxx"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxx</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -ABBEY.</span><br /> -<i>W. CLAYDEN</i>,<br /> -Corn, Forage,<br /> -Flour, and Seed Merchant.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>NOTED FOR MIDLOTHIAN -OATMEAL</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">TRY OUR<br /> -<b>SELF-RAISING FLOUR</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>PASTRY FLOUR A -SPECIALITY</i></b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">SPRATT’S PATENT POULTRY -AND<br /> -DOG FOODS.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ALL KINDS -OF</span><br /> -BIRD SEEDS AND OTHER FOODS.<br /> -POULTRY MIXTURES.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">ALL GOODS ARE OF THE BEST -QUALITY.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>18, SUN STREET, WALTHAM -ABBEY.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxi</span>WALTHAM ABBEY STORES.<br /> -HORACE PEMBLE,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY.</span></h3> -<p><b>Draper, Milliner, Outfitter, Tailor, Hatte</b><br /> -<b>Hosier, and General House Furnisher.</b></p> -<p class="gutindent"><span class="GutSmall"><b>COOPER AND -SON’S NOTED “BEEHIVE”</b></span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall"><b>BOOTS AND SHOES.</b></span></p> -<p>AGENT FOR BERRIE’S<br /> -MANCHESTER<br /> -DYEING<br /> -WORKS.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>Grocer,</b><br /> -<b>Provision,</b><br /> -<b>Wine, Beer, and</b><br /> -<b>Spirit Merchant.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>Peek, Frean’s, and McVitie -and Price’s</b><br /> -<b>Celebrated Cakes and Biscuits.</b><br /> -<b>Pickles, Sauces, and Jams. Brushes and Brooms.</b><br /> -<b>Patent Medicines at Store Prices.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">SEWING MACHINES BY FRISTER AND -ROSSMANS.<br /> -<b>Agent for the Royal Fire and Life Insurance Company.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT WALTHAM -ABBEY.</span><br /> -JOHN ALPS,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">50, SUN STREET, WALTHAM ABBEY.</span></h3> -<p>The Oldest Ironmonger’s<br /> - Business in<br /> - Waltham Abbey.</p> -<p -class="gutindent">••••••••</p> -<p>Manufacturer in all<br /> - Branches of the<br /> - Trade.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>Copper, Tin,</b><br /> -<b>Zinc and Iron</b><br /> -<b>Plate Worker.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: right"><b>GASFITTER, SMITH, &c.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: right">A Good Assortment of Incandescent -GAS<br /> -FITTINGS, MANTLES and GLOBES<br /> -always in Stock, at Popular Prices.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>Repairs! UPTON’S, Repairs!<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">The Old Established</span><br /> -BOOT & SHOE WAREHOUSE.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Established -over</span> 100 <span class="smcap">Years</span>.</p> -<p>Well selected Stock of . . .</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>LADIES’, GENT’S AND -CHILDREN’S BOOTS AND SHOES.</b></p> -<p>Superior Hand-Sewn Boots and Shoes made to measure.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>1, CHURCH ST., WALTHAM -ABBEY.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>W. CASTELLO,<br /> -Waltham Cross<br /> -Cigar Stores . .</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">(<span class="smcap">Opposite -Imperial Club</span>).</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>The Three Graces of the Tobacco -World</i>—</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Temple Bar (Latakia) -Smoking</b><br /> -<b>Mixture</b>, <b>Old Virginia (Hand-made)</b><br /> -<b>Cigarettes</b>, <b>Old Virginia Shag</b>,<br /> -pronounced by Experts to be the<br /> -very best.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3>Homeland Handbook, No. 43.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>HERTFORD</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">AND ITS SURROUNDINGS.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center">With Notes on the Country of<br /> -Charles Lamb and Izaak Walton.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>WITH MAP AND 48 VIEWS.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center">1/- Net. Postage, -2½d.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Of all Booksellers or the -Publishers<br /> -of this Volume.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxiii</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO GO AT HIGH -BEECH.</span></h3> -<p style="text-align: center">FOR LUNCHEONS AND TEAS<br /> -GO TO A<br /> -TEMPERANCE HOUSE.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Roserville Retreat,</b><br /> -<b>HIGH BEECH.</b></p> -<p style="text-align: center">Excursions, Parties, Sunday -Schools, Bands of Hope,<br /> -Cycling Clubs and Guilds will find Clean, Comfortable,<br /> -and Economical Accommodation.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">High Level Situation. Fresh -Air. Finest View.<br /> -Swings and Roundabouts and every Amusement for<br /> -People of all ages.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Full Particulars sent on receipt -of a Post Card</i>.</p> - -<div class="gapmediumline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">ADDRESS—</span><br /> -<b>WILLIAM TOZER,</b><br /> -<b>Proprietor</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxiv</span>Do you use Automatic<br /> -Gas or Oil Lamps?</h3> -<p style="text-align: center">N.B.—There were <b>142</b> -Explosions by Oil Lamps in<br /> -London alone last year, involving loss of life.</p> -<p>An OIL LAMP burns ONE PENNYWORTH OF PARAFFIN OIL in 8 hours, -and gives a light equal to only 16 Candles. It is much -dearer than a GEM GAS BURNER, which makes ONE PENNYWORTH OF -AUTOMATIC GAS last about 12 hours, and gives a light equal to 30 -Candles. In fact a Gem Burner is nearly equal to 4 Oil -Lamps. That is to say, a Gem Burner will give you about as -much light for a Farthing as an Oil Lamp will give for a 1d.</p> -<p>AUTOMATIC GAS costs you nothing for fitting it up. The -Gas Company instal it free of all cost. The following -fittings are supplied free for your use:—</p> -<p class="gutindent">One Swing Bracket for Hall Light.</p> -<p class="gutindent">One Pendant or Bracket for Sitting Room.</p> -<p class="gutindent">One ,, ,, Kitchen.</p> -<p class="gutindent">One Swing Bracket for Bedroom.</p> -<p class="gutindent">One Boiling Ring and Tube to boil Kettle, -etc.</p> -<p>By payment of <b>5s.</b> for fixing you can have a good Gas -Cooker Free of any Rental, or a better one for 10d. a month.</p> -<p><b>Remember Automatic Gas</b> saves a lot of worry and trouble -in the house. Half-an-hour’s more rest instead of -getting up earlier to light the fire. The Oil Man need not -call. No dust or ashes, and no Dustman to call for -them. The Coal Man need not call. No bundles of -firewood wanted. You simply put your penny in the slot and -the Gasworks does the rest.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">For further particulars apply -to—<br /> -<b>THE WALTHAM ABBEY & CHESHUNT GAS CO.,</b><br /> -<b>York Road, Waltham Cross.</b></p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxv</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO SHOP AT -CHESHUNT.</span><br /> -HERBERT BEEDELL</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxxvb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of Herbert Beedell’s shop" -title= -"Photograph of Herbert Beedell’s shop" - src="images/pxxxvs.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>The House for Smart and -Up-to-date</b></p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>MILLINERY!</p> -</td> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: center">Prompt<br /> -Attention.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: center">DRESSMAKING!</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center">Prices<br /> -Moderate</p> -</td> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">COSTUMES!</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>GENERAL AND FANCY -DRAPERY</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>HERBERT BEEDELL,</b><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">DRAPER AND HOSIER,</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Cheshunt House</span>, <span -class="smcap">Cheshunt</span>,</p> - -<div class="gapline"> </div> -<h3><a name="pagexxxvi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -xxxvi</span><span class="GutSmall">WHERE TO STAY AT WALTHAM -CROSS.</span><br /> -Ye Olde Foure Swannes<br /> -COMMERCIAL HOTEL.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Two Minutes from -Station</i>. <i>ESTABLISHED 1260</i>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Best Livery and Posting House in -Hertfordshire</b>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/pxxxvib.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of Ye Olde Foure Swannes" -title= -"Photograph of Ye Olde Foure Swannes" - src="images/pxxxvis.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>GOOD ACCOMMODATION FOR LARGE OR -SMALL PARTIES</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Cyclists specially catered -for. Lock-up Shed for Cycles.</b></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">Hot Luncheons every day from 1 to 2 -p.m.<br /> -Teas Served on the Lawn.</p> - -<div class="gapshortdoubleline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>Proprietors</b> — — -— <b>IGGULDEN & CAIRNS</b>.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<h2>Footnotes.</h2> -<p><a name="footnoteii"></a><a href="#citationii" -class="footnote">[ii]</a> In the printed book -advertisements run from page ii. to the <i>McMullen & -Sons</i> advertisement inclusive, then the main book occurs, and -then the advertisements resume with <i>Barr’s Superior -Seeds</i>. In this eBook all of the advertisements have -been moved to the end but otherwise occur in the original order -and with the original page numbers. The fold out map has -been moved from the first set of advertisements—DP.</p> -<p><a name="footnote12"></a><a href="#citation12" -class="footnote">[12]</a> There is also a -“Romeland” at St. Albans, on the west side of the -Abbey.</p> -<p><a name="footnote17"></a><a href="#citation17" -class="footnote">[17]</a> Regnante Cnuto et Anglis -Imperante in loco qui dicitur Mons Acutus quem Lutegarsberi -compatrio appelant vitam agebat in opere fabrili vit magnae -simplicitatis et bonae indolis vit sine malitia timens Deum et -recendens a malo, etc.</p> -<p><a name="footnote18"></a><a href="#citation18" -class="footnote">[18]</a> <i>i.e.</i> Persons.</p> -<p><a name="footnote20"></a><a href="#citation20" -class="footnote">[20]</a> <i>i.e.</i> To make free.</p> -<pre> - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HAROLD'S TOWN AND IT'S VICINITY*** - - -***** This file should be named 62666-h.htm or 62666-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/6/6/62666 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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