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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #62630 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62630)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Ancient Rows of Great Yarmouth, by Edward
-John Lupson
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: The Ancient Rows of Great Yarmouth
-
-
-Author: Edward John Lupson
-
-
-
-Release Date: July 12, 2020  [eBook #62630]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANCIENT ROWS OF GREAT
-YARMOUTH***
-
-
-Transcribed from the 1897 Edward J. Lupson edition by David Price, email
-ccx074@pglaf.org, using scans from the British Library.
-
-                          WRITTEN FOR VISITORS.
-
-
-
-
-
-                                   THE
-                               ANCIENT ROWS
-                                    OF
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH:
-
-
-                    Their Names.  Why so Constructed,
-                                   AND
-                  What Visitors have written about them,
-                       ALSO A DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF
-
-                             YARMOUTH BEACH.
-
-                   [Picture: Signature of E. J. Lupson]
-
-    “And the Rows! them long bars of the gridiron,
-       That Dickens hev wrote on—so quare;
-    Them ere Rows are a great institution,
-       In the town at the mouth of the Yare.”
-
-                                 ———:o———
-
-                               ILLUSTRATED:
-                             PRICE TWOPENCE.
-
-                                 ———:o———
-
-                                Yarmouth:
-                     EDWARD J. LUPSON, CHURCH PLAIN.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                       ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.
-
-
-
-
-THE ROWS OF GREAT YARMOUTH.
-
-
-[Picture: Entrance to row 117] THE two most remarkable and noteworthy
-features of the ancient Borough of Great Yarmouth, that remain unchanged
-to the present day, are the Parish Church, and the unique series of long,
-narrow passages, known by the general name of Rows.  The wonderful
-proportions and interesting features of the renowned Church having been
-duly examined, these singularly confined thoroughfares next claim the
-attention of the intelligent visitor.  On seeing them for the first time,
-the query naturally arises in the mind, why were they constructed in this
-peculiar manner, so opposed to all prevailing ideas?  Thoughtful minds
-have ingeniously surmised sundry motives; but the preponderating belief
-is probably the most correct one, viz., the builders’ desire to economise
-the limited area at their disposal within the walls of the
-fortifications.  In early times the population of Yarmouth grew apace;
-numbers of enterprising persons from various places being attracted
-thither by the flourishing fishing operations that were carried on here.
-Manship, in his History of Yarmouth, states that within four hundred
-years from the time when “from a sand in the sea, by the deflection of
-the tides, Yarmouth grew dry and firm land, whereby it became habitable;
-the population grew to a great multitude, over whom, at the beginning of
-the Reign of Henry I., a Provost was appointed.”  It may be mentioned, by
-the way, that it was in this reign the Parish Church of St. Nicholas was
-built.  The population of Yarmouth, in the year 1348, numbered ten
-thousand.  We can, therefore, without difficulty, understand how valuable
-space would be in those early times, and how general the desire to make
-the most of it.
-
-It is interesting to notice that Manship, who wrote in the year 1619,
-opined a very different reason for the circumscribed limits of the Rows.
-When contemplating them patriotically, he prognosticated, with glowing
-satisfaction, the bad half-hour that awaited any rash invader, who might
-incontinently venture to approach them, feeling assured the brave and
-hardy inhabitants “of those seven score passes” would render a good
-account of themselves on any such occasion. {4}  But we must quote his
-own words.  He says: “The number of them (‘the Rows’) at this day be 140;
-whereby every householder to his private dwelling hath of all necessaries
-very convenient conveyance, and the same in time of hostility, for the
-defence and safeguard of the town, is very meet and necessary, for one
-man against twenty, with shot and powder, is able to make resistance.”
-Continuing the subject, he says: “These buildings, although dissevered
-and disjoined each from the other by Rowes or Lanes, the same being in
-number, as I have before declared, one hundred and forty, yet is there
-not any more division in comeliness, to be by the eye discovered, amongst
-them, than unpleasantness to the ear in music, consisting of many
-discords which do make a perfect concord.  The streets being contrived
-and built in such warlike manner, flankerwise, with such convenient
-distance from the walls (fortifications) aforesaid, that the enemy having
-gained the walls, and entered the town (both which God forbid), may with
-few men, be enforced to retire, and the town recovered without any great
-danger sustained.”
-
-It seems the most reasonable supposition that the Rows were constructed
-as we see them, in order that as large a population as possible might be
-concentrated within the narrowest limits, to make the work of fortifying
-the town as easy a matter as possible, and give, at the same time,
-greater security to the whole.
-
-[Picture: A Yarmouth Row] The following imaginative idea may be taken for
-what it is worth, namely, that the ground plan of the Streets and Rows
-were suggested by the fishermen’s nets, when spread out in long lines
-upon the Denes for drying, a narrow pathway being left between the nets
-of each fisherman, the pathways representing the Rows.
-
-It has been sagely remarked by a reflective writer that the Rows “seem to
-have been so constructed, that in the event of an unusually high tide,
-the water might flow through them.”  And in like manner observes another,
-“if the water swept over on one side, it would make its escape at the
-other as if through a grating.”  Had such a contingency been in
-contemplation, surely a greater breadth would have been given to allow
-the water a freer flow.
-
-These Rows, as might have been anticipated, have been objects of much
-interest to Visitors generally, but especially to those of antiquarian
-tendencies.  The minds of some have been so impressed with their
-old-world appearance, that on returning to their distant homes, they have
-relieved themselves by relating wonderful descriptions of them to the
-unfortunate individuals who had not yet seen them.  Some have excitedly
-rushed into print, and gladly made known to whole neighbourhoods, through
-their local press, the striking phenomena they had witnessed here.  One
-described the Rows to wondering readers as “fearsome apertures in the
-street,” and then soothingly added, “but there is nothing to fear.”
-Another, we imagine, well-versed in country life, said they were “like
-rabbit burrows.”  A third descriptive writer asserted that “many of the
-ancient thoroughfares might be appropriately termed cracks in the wall,
-they are so narrow.”  Another less excitable individual wrote, “many of
-them are so narrow that you can easily touch both sides at once, by
-stretching out your hands while walking through, and it surprises the
-stranger not a little to be told that these were the only communications
-between the principal thoroughfares of the town.”  The critical pen of
-another scribe declares them to be “very long alleys—needless alleys I
-should say, if the architects had only known what they were about in the
-days when these alleys were made.”  Ah! yes! and then, before leaving the
-consideration of them, he thus describes their capabilities.  “They are
-so narrow that neighbours can shake hands across their little street.”
-Another, condescendingly, describes the way in which it may be done.
-“The inhabitants might lean out of their windows and shake hands.”  Still
-further capabilities were seen by another imaginative writer.  “You can
-put your hand out of your bedroom window and put out the candle in your
-neighbour’s;” and, I suppose, if necessary, borrow the candlestick; but
-this he omitted to state.  One, whose presence had, doubtless graced
-continental cities, as well as honoured the Rows of Great Yarmouth, saw
-in them other possibilities, and stated “for intricacies they can compete
-with the most confined of those of any Continental City you can mention,
-where the inhabitants can converse and shake hands from upper stories,
-visit each other in night-caps, quarrel in the upper world, or carry on a
-general confab, peacefully or otherwise.”  Somewhat more definitely wrote
-another: “They are passages between parallel streets, some with shops on
-either side like Union Passage in Birmingham, but most of them only a few
-feet wide, with dwelling houses on each side, where a jump from one
-window to another would be an easy task for a gymnast.”  Who can but
-admire the following graphic description?  “What a quaint old town.  The
-fine Market Place is like an open plain; the scores of narrow ‘Rows’
-running out of it may be likened to burrows leading in all manner of
-directions.  However does each denizen find his, or her dwelling?  Do
-they never get mixed, and give it up for a bad job?  Some of these Rows
-are too narrow to permit of a man falling down if he got crosswise.”
-Having investigated them with the eye of an antiquary, another gentleman
-described the Rows as “the long series of narrow passages, running from
-one principal street to another, numbering 145 in all, with houses on
-each side.  Although none of them are sufficiently wide to allow of other
-than pedestrian traffic, many quaint old-fashioned houses, dating several
-centuries back, bearing both external and internal evidence of great
-expense and labour being devoted to their erection and decoration.  In
-fact, old Yarmouth is full of interest to the antiquary and to the
-curiosity seeker.”  Of course, the visitor with an eye to sanitation, has
-not allowed the Rows to be unexplored.  They have borne the scrutiny, and
-we may breathe freely now the verdict has been given.  “A remarkable
-appearance is presented to the visitor by the number of long narrow lanes
-called ‘Rows’ that run east and west of the town.  It leaves little room
-for doubt of the healthiness of the place when these Rows are examined,
-for their cleanliness and orderly appearance must surely render them
-conducive to the highest possible standard of health; and if these
-observations can be applied with as much appropriateness to the internal
-sanitary arrangements of the dwellings—as I have reason to believe it
-may—the Corporation may congratulate themselves on the success of their
-efforts in this respect.”
-
-                         [Picture: Yarmouth Row]
-
-We will now present the reader with the observations of writers who have
-less cursorily investigated this wonderland.  A writer in a metropolitan
-newspaper gave the following well-considered description:—“These openings
-are the famous Yarmouth ‘Rows,’ 154 in number, running parallel to each
-other, between the river and the sea, and so narrow that the meanest
-London Lane would look a very Regent Street if placed alongside of them.
-I measured one, it was the narrowest I saw, and found, that at the
-entrance, it was little more than two feet across.  It is probably
-reserved for thin natives, since no fat man, with all his clothes on,
-could safely venture to tread it.  In all points of comparison, however,
-but narrowness, the Yarmouth Rows have a decided advantage over the
-London Lanes, and it is this that makes their appearance so extraordinary
-to a Londoner.  He naturally associates poverty, filth, squalor, and all
-sorts of misery and crime with courts in which the inhabitants can shake
-hands with each other out of the opposite windows, or step at one stride
-across the so-called street or lane.  Everyone with a watch to lose,
-carefully shuns such localities, or instinctively buttons up his coat if
-he happens to wander into them.  At night the narrow gloomy jaws of the
-Yarmouth Rows must, to a cockney pilgrim of a lively imagination, look
-even more formidable; but in daylight, one glance down them suffices to
-show that they are widely different from anything that his experience had
-taught him to expect.
-
-         [Picture: “Kitty Witches’ Row”—widest part looking east]
-
-“The model Row is respectability itself; its tiny toy pavement of brick
-or stone is easily kept clean, and shines like the deck of a man-of-war;
-the houses on each side, so far from betraying any signs of squalor or
-painful poverty, are, some of them, so nicely kept with rows of flower
-pots brightening the windows, and clustering creepers draping the naked
-wall, that one begins to wonder how people, who are in a position to
-consider the amenities, as well as the necessaries of life, consent to
-live in such close, crowded quarters, and is driven to conjure that they
-are a jolly neighbourly race, who like, out of pure good fellowship, to
-be always in talking and hand-shaking distance of each other.
-
-“And this theory that the grotesque construction of the Yarmouth Rows is
-due not to strategic, but to social considerations, is supported by the
-fact, in the ‘good old times,’ each Row took its name, in friendly
-fashion, from the best-known or the principal person living in it.  In
-these degenerate days of scientific classification, arithmetic has
-triumphed over flesh and blood, and each Row is known by its number, with
-the single exception, I believe, of ‘Kitty Witches’ Row’—once a pet
-preserve of the invaluable public servant, the witch-finder Hopkins, who
-could always count upon unearthing enough ugly women in Yarmouth, with
-the unmistakeable witch marks on their sea-tanned shrivelled old skins,
-to make a respectable official return, and satisfy Government that public
-money was not being wasted.  The Rows are, I am told, chiefly the resort
-of the seafaring population, who constitute Yarmouth’s working class.”
-
-A writer in _Cassell’s Magazine_ says: “the Rows are not wooden arcades
-like those of Chester, but straight and extremely narrow alleys, running
-between the principal streets and the river, like the rungs of a ladder,
-to the number of 156.  Now-a-days only the humbler class of people live
-there, but having penetrated into a good many of them, I am bound to say
-that in no instance have I seen the squalor and misery of a low
-neighbourhood in London.  There are vice and poverty in Herring-haven, as
-elsewhere, but you see none of those sights which saddens the heart of
-the reflective Londoner.  I think the filthy coal smoke has something to
-do with the degradation of our metropolitan poor.  Country folks who come
-and settle in Babylon grow in time weary of contending with the blacks,
-and suffer their children to grow up grimy and ragged, while the children
-playing about the doors in the Rows are clean, healthy, decently dressed,
-and civil spoken. * * * Whitewash is laid liberally on every accessible
-place, the causeway is plentifully supplied with gutters made of
-semi-circular yellow tiles, and in no instance have I encountered those
-vile odours which offend you on the Continent.  It would be false to say
-that I never smelt fish; there is a vast deal of shrimp boiling done in
-some of these Rows, but of those filthy stenches of which Coleridge
-numbered seventy-two in the city of Cologne, I detected not one.”
-
-_Harper’s Magazine_ of June, 1882, gave the following interesting
-description:—“At one time the inhabitants of this old borough took up to
-living on a plan almost entirely their own, and the Rows in which they
-built their houses remain to this day the most curious of all the
-features of the ancient town.  The Rows are narrow streets leading to and
-from the quay,—not narrow in the ordinary sense, but narrower, perhaps,
-than any other streets in the world, their average width being six feet.
-They are not isolated infrequent lanes left between more commodious
-thoroughfares by the incomplete modifications of early plans, but they
-form a system and their aggregate length is about eight miles.  Six feet
-is their average width, but some of them are scarcely more than three
-feet, and two persons cannot pass one another without contracting
-themselves and painfully sidling in the opposite directions.  The
-pavement is of rough cobble-stones, with sometimes a strip of flags down
-the middle to ease the way of the pedestrian.  The houses tower up with
-smooth perpendicular walls, like cliffs, on both sides, and shut out the
-light, the upper stories projecting in many cases beyond the lower, and
-forming an arch over the narrow passage below.  Most of these houses are
-very old, and the material of which they are built is flint or stone,
-often white-washed, though occasionally left in its natural condition
-with open timbering in the fronts; in one or two the masonry is of the
-herring-bone pattern; but huddled up as they are, without regard to
-privacy or ventilation, staring into one another’s faces with undesirable
-intimacy, they are of a good class, and in good condition, and some of
-them have courtyards before them with nasturtiums and scarlet runners
-dragging a tender green web over their white walls.  The narrowest of the
-Rows is only 2 feet 3 inches in width.  There are in all 156 of them,
-each known by its number.  The object of the frugal plan in which they
-originated is a mystery.  One of the guesses at it is this:—‘The
-fishermen spread out their nets to dry very carefully, and leave on the
-four sides of each net a clear passage, four, five or six feet wide.’  It
-is suggested that the ground on which the Rows stand was once used for
-this purpose, and that the passages became so well defined from constant
-traffic that eventually they were perpetuated as streets.  However this
-may be, it is certain that some of the houses in the Rows were among the
-first built in the town, and certain also that, leading from the main
-street, they give easy access to the Quay, whereon Yarmouth finds its
-chief interest.  When the moon is full and throws black beams of shadows
-across these alleys, and opens seeming pitfalls in their rugged pavement,
-a stranger hesitates to enter them.  At all times they seem properly to
-belong to conspirators, but they are quite safe and reputable.  In olden
-times the Watchmen patrolled them, ‘crying the wind’ for sleepless
-merchants and anxious skippers; and the bellmen of the Church of St.
-Nicholas prayed in them for the souls of those who had bequeathed money
-for the purpose. {11}  The wind holds pretty well to one quarter in
-Yarmouth, and it is said the watchmen seldom had occasion to vary their
-announcement: ‘East is the wind, east-north-east; past two and a cloudy
-morning.’
-
-                        [Picture: A Yarmouth cart]
-
-“Having invented the narrowest streets in the world, the inhabitants had
-to devise an original vehicle for their locomotion, as no ordinary carts
-could enter them, and this necessity was relieved by the ‘trolly,’ a
-peculiar cart about 12 feet long, with two wheels revolving on a box
-axle, placed underneath the sledge, the extreme width of the vehicle
-being about 3 feet 6 inches.
-
-“Even in the dead of night the Rows are not quite still.  All of them
-lead toward the river, and some of them reveal the black lines of
-clustered masts and rigging.  Many of the houses are occupied by
-fishermen, who are astir at all hours.  The shrimpers go out to meet the
-tide at eleven or twelve o’clock, and though the river has some traffic
-with distant ports, the most frequent vessels on it are the
-‘dandy-rigged’ boats and the rakish cutters which belong to the great
-industry of the town.”
-
-Were we to omit the characteristic description given in _Household
-Words_, Vol.  VII., p. 163, that is very generally ascribed to the pen of
-the late Charles Dickens, our list of noteworthy quotations would be
-rightly deemed by many readers to be very incomplete.  We gladly insert
-the following from that excellent magazine, heading the extract with some
-lines from a rhyming description of Yarmouth, written by Mr. H. J.
-Betts:—
-
-    “And the Rows! them long bars of the gridiron,
-       That Dickens hev wrote on—so quare;
-    Them ere Rows are a great institution,
-       In the town at the mouth of the Yare.”
-
-“Great Yarmouth is one vast gridiron, of which the bars are represented
-by ‘Rows,’ to the number of one hundred and fifty-six.  Repel the
-recollection of a Chester-row, a Paradise-row, or a Rotten-row.  A Row is
-a long, narrow lane or alley, quite straight, or as nearly as may be,
-with houses on each side, both of which you can sometimes touch at once
-with the finger tips of each hand, by stretching out your arms to their
-full extent.  Now and then the houses overhang, and even join above your
-head, converting the Row, so far, into a sort of tunnel or tubular
-passage.  Many and many picturesque old bit of domestic architecture is
-to be hunted up among the Rows.  In some Rows there is little more than a
-blank wall for the double boundary.  In others, the houses retreat into
-tiny square courts, where washing and clear starching are done, and
-wonderful nasturtiums and scarlet runners are reared from green boxes,
-filled with that scarce commodity, vegetable mould.  Most of the Rows are
-paved with pebbles from the Beach, and, strange to say, these narrow
-gangways are traversed by horses and carts which are built for this
-special service, and which have been the cause of serious
-misunderstanding among antiquaries, as to whether they were or were not
-modelled after the chariots of Roman invaders.  Of course, if two carts
-were to meet in the middle of a Row, one of the two must either go back
-to the end again, or pass over the other one, like goats upon a single
-file ledge of a precipice.  The straightness of the passage usually
-obviates this alternative.  A few Rows are well paved throughout with
-flagstones.  [Picture: A Yarmouth Row, with horse and cart]  Carts are
-not allowed to enter these, and foot passengers prefer them to the pebbly
-pathways.  Hence they are the chosen locality of numerous little
-shopkeepers.  If you want a stout pair of hob-nail shoes, or a
-scientifically oiled dreadnought, or a dozen of bloaters, or a quadrant
-or a compass, or a bunch of turnips, the best in the world, or a woollen
-comforter and night-cop for one end of your person, and worsted overall
-stockings for the other, or a plate of cold boiled leg of pork stuffed
-with parsley, or a ready-made waistcoat, with blazing pattern and bright
-glass buttons—with any of these you can soon be accommodated in one or
-other of the Paved Rows.  Here you have a board announcing the luxurious
-interval, during which hot joints are offered to the satisfaction of salt
-water appetite; from twelve to two no one need suffer hunger.  Elsewhere
-is the notice over the door, that within are ‘LIVE AND BOILED SHRIMPS
-SOLD BY THE CATCHER.’  Shrimps, unadulterated, boiled and sold by the
-very catcher himself,—the original article, and no mistake!  From time
-immemorial, there has been a Market Row, in which two people _can_ walk
-arm-in-arm, as they stare at the _elite_ of Yarmouth shop windows, and
-there is a Broad Row, across which, if an Adelphi harlequin could not
-skip from first floor to first floor, he would get from the manager very
-significant hints about his abilities.”
-
-The reader cannot fail to have observed the numerical diversity in the
-above quotations, as to the total number of the Rows.  The discrepancy
-probably arose through a compositor, when engaged upon a Yarmouth
-publication, transposing two of the numerals, thus turning the number 145
-to 154, and the error passing unobserved remained uncorrected; and
-succeeding writers, instead of drawing inspiration from the
-fountain-head—the Rows themselves, have complacently copied, and so
-perpetuated the blunder.  This, however, does not explain the number
-given as 156.
-
-Considerable allowances must be made for many of the statements given by
-the various writers, in consideration of the length of time that has
-since elapsed.  The onward march of improvement has become so general, it
-has penetrated even into the recesses of these old-world thoroughfares.
-Although they remain, as in all probability they will continue to be, the
-picturesque, tumble-down Rows of Yarmouth, a “Paradise for painters,” as
-_Punch_ described them, still the signs of the times are now apparent
-within their precincts.  Pedestrians are no longer compelled to tread
-gingerly upon uncrushed “petrified kidneys,” when threading their way
-through them, but may proceed satisfactorily and pleasantly along a
-pathway of concrete or flagstone, and if disposed to enter them at night,
-he will discover that nearly all are now illuminated by gas.  When
-preparation was being made for these improvements in the year 1884, an
-official measurement of eighty-one of the Rows was taken, and the total
-length of them was ascertained to be 8,372 yards, or rather more than 4¾
-miles.  The entire length of the 145 Rows exceeds seven miles.  Within
-the eighty-one Rows which were measured, the number of the
-dwelling-houses was found to be 1,811.
-
-The names of some of the Rows were sufficiently remarkable to justify
-Dickens in amusingly referring to them as “Jumber’s Row,” and “Mopus’s
-Row.”  Known as the Rows were to succeeding generations all down the
-ages, by name only, it was no easy matter to wean the Yarmouthians from
-the method so familiar to them and their forefathers, of recognising each
-Row by its name.  The change from name to number was adopted by the
-Corporation in the year 1804, and although a century of years have since
-nearly run their course, many of the old inhabitants still recognise a
-Row by name, in preference to its number.  The writer has found it a
-common occurrence for persons, after long residence in Rows, to be
-utterly unable to state their numbers.  A woman when asked the number of
-the Row she lived in, said, “57, but I don’t know whether it is the same
-number at both ends.”  Quite recently, “Row 161” was given to the writer
-as a place of residence of an individual.  A woman born in Row 21, in
-1869, wrote in 1893, “I was born in Row 100, where some houses were
-pulled down for Sir E. Lacon’s Brewery.”  An illustration of a similar
-character may be given from one of the Register Books at the Parish
-Church.  In 1840, at their marriage, a couple were asked their place of
-residence, and it was given as “Row 171,” and they evidently stood
-uncorrected, as “Row 171” was recorded.  Still further proofs may be
-culled from these Registers, showing the tenacity with which the old
-names were cherished.  Most of the following designations have been
-obtained from entries which were made within the first four years of Her
-present Majesty’s reign:—
-
-Angel Row
-Almshouse Row
-Adam the Barber’s Row
-Buck Row
-Barnaby Baker’s Row
-Boulter’s Row
-Brown, Grocer’s Row
-Bennet, Cooper’s Row
-Blue Anchor Row
-Broad Row
-Black Swan Row
-Baptist Meeting Row
-Black Horse Row
-Blower’s, Cabinet-maker’s Row
-Budd, Sail-maker’s Row
-Blue Bell Row
-Bessey’s Half Row
-Bank Paved Row
-Bell and Crown Row
-Child, Blacksmith’s Row
-Castle Row
-Chapel Row
-Chapel Paved Row
-Conge Row
-Cart and Horse Row
-Custom House Row
-Crown and Anchor Row
-Crown and Heart Row
-Dove Row
-Doctor Smith’s Row
-Doughty’s Row
-Dog and Duck Row
-Dover Court Row
-Dr. Bayly’s Row
-Doctor Ferrier’s Row
-Dene Side Austin Row
-Duncan’s Head Row
-Esquire Palmer’s Row
-Esquire Steward’s Row
-Excise Office Row
-Elephant and Castle Row
-Earl St. Vincent’s Row
-Fighting Cock Row
-Foundry Row
-Fulcher’s Row
-Ferry Boat Row
-Fourteen Stars Row
-Frere’s Row
-Gun Row
-Gallon Can Row
-Globe Row
-George and Dragon Row
-Garwood, Painter’s Row
-Garden Row
-Glass House Row
-Golden Lion Row
-Humber Keel Row
-Horn Row
-Horse and Cart Row
-Half Moon Row
-Huke, Carpenter’s Row
-Jail Row
-Kitty Witches’ Row
-King’s Head Row
-Law’s Baker’s Row
-Lamb, Butcher’s Row
-Lawyer Cory’s Row
-Lacon’s Garden Row
-Lion and Lamb Row
-Mr. Paget’s Row
-Mr. Blake’s Row
-Mr. Butcher’s Row
-Mr. Cobb’s Row
-Mr. Skill’s Row
-Mr. Woolverton’s Row
-Mr. Yett’s Row
-Meeting House Row
-Mariner’s Compass Row
-Market Row
-Money Office Row
-Morley Grocer’s Row
-Miller, Basket Maker’s Row
-Mews Half Row
-Martin, Shoemaker’s Row
-Nine Parish Row
-New White Lion Row
-Newcastle Tavern Row
-Nichols, Shoemaker’s Row
-Naunton, Baker’s Row
-North Pot-in-hand Row
-Old Fountain Row
-Old Meeting Row
-Old Post Office Row
-Old Prison Row
-Oakes, Grocer’s Row
-Old White Lion Row
-Page, Pipe-maker’s Row
-Paternoster Row
-Plummer, Schoolmaster’s Row
-Pike, Sailmaker’s Row
-Present, Butcher’s Row
-Pot-in-hand Row
-Post Office Half Row
-Priory Row
-Queen’s Head Row
-Quay Angel Row
-Quay Austin Row
-Quay Mill Row
-Quaker’s Meeting-House Row
-Rampart Row
-Rose and Crown Row
-Rivett, Baker’s Row
-St. John’s Head Row
-South Walking Row
-Saving’s Bank Row
-Steward, Chemist’s Row
-Say’s Corner Row
-South Say’s Corner Row
-Star and Garter Row
-Spotted Cow Row
-Stamp Office Row
-Split Gutter Row
-Snatchbody Row
-South Garden Row
-Sewell’s Row
-Ship Tavern Row
-Star Tavern Row
-Synagogue Row
-St. George’s Tavern Row
-St. George’s Row east
-St. George’s Row west
-St. Peter’s Row east
-St. Peter’s Row west
-Sons of Commerce Row
-Taylor, and Fulcher’s Row
-Turnpike Row
-Took, Baker’s Row
-Two-Neck Swan Row
-Three Herrings Row
-Thornton, Grocer’s Row
-Utting’s Row
-Unitarian Chapel Row
-White Lion Row
-Wheatsheaf Row
-Well Row
-White Horse Row
-Wheel of Fortune Row
-White Swan Row
-Wrestler’s Row
-Yett’s Foundry Row
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-In some instances two names were given to the same Row.
-
-Rampart Row no longer exists.  The cottages have been removed and the old
-rampart wall exposed to view; the space thus gained has been converted
-into a carriage way, and the thoroughfare named Rampart Road.
-
-It has been asked, why are these thoroughfares called Rows?  In Palmer’s
-_Notes on Manship_, p. 271, we find the following reply:—“‘Row’ is
-supposed to be derived from _rhodio_, to walk; or from the Saxon _rowa_
-(a rank); or, which is more probable in the sense in which it is used in
-Yarmouth, from the French _rue_, a street, or lane.”
-
-
-
-
-                             YARMOUTH BEACH,
-                           ITS HOLIDAY ASPECTS.
-
-
-Now for a sudden transition from the ancient to the modern, from mediæval
-shadows to undimmed sunlight, from the comparatively humdrum stillness
-and gravity of ordinary daily life into the midst of vivacious holiday
-activities, from the pent-up Rows to the glorious freedom of Yarmouth’s
-magnificent Marine Drive and unrivalled Beach.  Who could reasonably
-desire the realisation, in the course of a few brief moments, of a wider
-contrast or a change more refreshing?  Where, but in Yarmouth, could such
-a transition take place in so short a time, for where, but in the
-renowned old borough can _such_ a series of such Rows be found?  And
-where else can be seen a Beach of such proportions, with its far-reaching
-stretches of dry, clean, soft, “golden” sand, and its uninterrupted view
-of the German Ocean, continuous from north to south, and bounded along
-the east by the horizon alone?  Measured by miles, both Beach and Marine
-Drive afford ample scope for the enjoyment of thousands of visitors of
-all classes.  Small cause for wonder is it that a veritable army of
-recreationists, at least a hundred thousand strong (including
-day-trippers), should be attracted thither year by year, it would be
-surprising were they not to come.  From the Rows to the Beach we go, with
-anticipations of pleasure of an altogether different description, and
-find amusement in watching for a time the varied ways in which the
-present detachment of the season’s welcomed battalions of visitors are
-disporting themselves.  Let us see what delights on a favourable day in
-summer our splendid sands afford!
-
-Proceeding by a convenient wooden gangway laid upon the sand from the
-Marine Drive to high water mark, close to the Britannia Pier, we are at
-once in the midst of a lively spectacle, people of all ages and sizes are
-here, happy in the consciousness of being able to enjoy themselves in the
-way their fancy leads them.  Pleasure is the prevailing object on which
-all minds are set.  Many of the fair sex are quietly seated upon the
-accommodating sands, perusing their favourite books, papers, and
-periodicals, or engaged in some light and fanciful work whilst quietly
-noting the ever-changing scene going on around them.  Nursemaids in
-charge of juveniles are keeping guard over sundry cast-off shoes and
-stockings, whilst carefully watching the youngsters paddling joyously in
-the foaming surf.  Paterfamilias, too, is in the surf, and provides a
-centre of attraction to a number of ladies whose interest, however, is
-not in him, but in the young olive branch—his very smallest—whose
-wriggling extremities he is endeavouring to bathe in the spreading waves.
-As his holiday inexpressibles appear likely to receive more from the sea
-than the unwilling child, his better half rushes forward to the rescue
-and hastily “reefs” them.
-
-[Picture: Beach sketches] Bare-legged children in goodly numbers are
-paddling about and with shovels and tiny buckets are busily engaged in
-digging small docks and trying to fill them with water, others are making
-sand pies or erecting buildings in original styles of architecture, and
-castles and towers not remarkable for stability.  From the paddlers to
-the bathers our attention turns.  Two young ladies have emerged from the
-bathing machines and are bravely swimming away, whilst the bathing of the
-other naiads consists in tightly holding the ropes attached to the
-machines, and giving a succession of hysterical jumps that display the
-intense ugliness of their dresses.  In this ugliness we detect a device.
-The main desire of the designer, surely, must have been to divert the
-unwelcome attentions of too obtrusive individuals of the opposite sex.
-In the distance are the gentlemen’s machines, and near them can be seen a
-number of heads dotting the restless waters. {25}  For lovers of the sea
-seeking enjoyment upon, rather than immersion in it, the boatmen are on
-the _qui vive_.  “Hi, hi, hi, any more going!” shouts one.  “Here you
-are, sir, a jolly sail out,” says another.  Whilst a third, on business
-bent, cries, “Come along, we’re going to give you a treat, sixpence for a
-sail, any more going?”  We watch the filling and launching of one or two
-of the boats, and note the jaunty air and smiling faces of some
-adventurers as they go aboard, and have little doubt that some of their
-smiles will soon be exchanged for more reflective countenances.
-Presently we are invited to have a trip in a rowing boat, “Have a row,
-sir, nice day for a row.”  Numbers at the time are indulging in that
-pleasant form of enjoyment.  A party of eight are seated in a rowing boat
-waiting to be launched, when a little stripling about seven summers old,
-bare-legged and brave, seeing their readiness, tries with all his might
-to give the boat the impetus it needs.  Some day, his indomitable will
-and energy will, we hope, be more amply rewarded.
-
-Watching the return of the sailing boats and the landing of the
-passengers is found by many to be interesting, especially when the sea is
-inclined to take a mean advantage of those standing awaiting their turn
-to land, by unceremoniously bumping the boat, and causing the whole
-company simultaneously to lose their equilibrium and receive a shower of
-spray.  Of course they laugh as well as their friends on shore, indeed,
-everybody regards it as great fun.  Turning from the sea to the beach, we
-often find a small “dock,” caused by the incoming flood or left by the
-last tide upon the beach.  This is a source of supreme enjoyment to
-numbers of juveniles.  Here, with perfect safety, paddling is being
-indulged in.  Here miniature vessels are sailing, and, as from a
-reservoir, water is being conveyed in buckets for supplying the various
-needs of those actively engaged in raising fortifications, planning
-gardens, and making fish ponds.
-
-                     [Picture: Toilers in the sands]
-
-This central position of the beach being most frequented by visitors, it
-is also the chief resort, the happy hunting ground of the numerous class
-who have a keen eye to business.  Nearly all of them are vendors of only
-one kind of article each, and this peculiarity tends to multiply their
-numbers, the variety of merchandise among the whole being considerable.
-There are so many—and some of them are strangers to Yarmouth—that, were
-they not civil, and usually take the first refusal, persistency with
-frequency would be an annoyance little short of a nuisance.  Take a seat
-and your troubles begin.  “Here’s your chocolate creams.”  “Buns, two a
-penny.”  “Yarmouth rock, penny a box.”  “Apples, penny a bag.”  “Hokey
-Pokey, two a penny.”  “Nuts or pears—fine Williams.”  “Lemonade,
-three-a-pence a bottle.”  “Pears or grapes, all ripe, buy a nice bunch of
-grapes, sir.”  “Walnuts, eight a penny, fine walnuts.”  “Milk, penny a
-glass.”  These and many other solicitations are made to unfortunate
-visitors whilst reclining upon the sands or occupying seats, reading the
-morning papers, Conservative, Radical, and Sporting, or engaged in
-knitting, sewing, or fancy work of some kind, nursing, chatting, novel
-reading, or lazily watching the ever-changing scene on the Beach, or
-meditatively listening to the everlasting music of the sea.  Fancy the
-effect of such a succession of interruptions upon a couple who had passed
-the spooning period of life and were intently engaged in writing,
-probably letters to their friends, jotting down their impressions fresh
-from the sands; before subscribing themselves as ‘Yours ozoneously, Jim,
-or Jemima,’ we can imagine they would be able to lay much to the charge
-of these itinerating traders.
-
-              [Picture: Yarmouth beach in its summer aspect]
-
-[Picture: Spooning] Real fun, that is thoroughly appreciated by all
-classes, is supplied when a sailing boat has to be drawn above high water
-mark upon the beach.  Young and old of both sexes and all classes
-willingly lend a helping hand at the long rope, and merrily runs the
-boat, responsive to the united pull, to the destined place.  Spooning
-couples are in profusion upon the sands.  The vicinity of the Beach
-Concert-ring appears to be a favoured spot with them.  Groups of pleasure
-seekers are reclining upon the clean, soft sand in all directions.  Some
-of them, like children, finding amusement in trifling things.  The most
-objectionable form of “larking” with each other is the throwing handfuls
-of sand.  Country bumpkins find special delight in this.  Such a Tom
-Tiddler’s ground would not be overlooked by gipsies; three of the tribe
-are present with keen eyes for clients, and a sharp look out for
-policemen.  One of the gipsies tries to effect a capture, but the desired
-coin is not forth-coming.  But gipsies have not a monopoly in
-fortune-telling.  A bronzed peasant from the sunny south is here, with
-birds and papers, ready to make any ninny-hammer giggle at the small
-charge of one penny.  “Ladies and gentlemens, these Indian birds will
-take a planet of your fortune.”  The next moment, and we find yet another
-opportunity of peering into futurity, being invited to “try the Fairy
-Press for your fortune” to be announced in the form of an Instantaneous
-Photograph of your future partner; this also for one penny.
-Photographers, without future pretences, of course, are here, and appear
-to be in eager demand.  Edwins and Harrys, who have already selected
-their Angelinas, are prepared to pose placidly with them by their sides,
-under the searching scrutiny of the Photographers’ lens.  At the _al
-fresco_ concert a small and select company are informed by the singer, in
-connection with his song that his “wife was gone where briny breezes
-blow, after being married four years and sixteen months.”  At an Electric
-Battery an interested group are watching a sturdy individual, who
-declines to cry “peccavi” to the evident surprise of the electrician.
-The next who submits himself is soon satisfied with his pennyworth.  The
-open door of the Camera Obscura invites those who prefer less excitable
-pleasures to enter within its calm and retired seclusion, and there see
-what is to be seen.  The Happy Family is at hand to throw more
-entertainment into the morning’s programme, and to give a lesson in
-social and domestic felicity.  Then the familiar face presents itself, of
-one who is on excellent terms with himself, and with all around.  Our
-Beach friend, an illusionist, has just planted his little table upon the
-sands, placed his guinea pig upon it, and is gratified to see the circle
-of expectant admirers who immediately gather round.  After widening the
-circumference of the circle a second time, turning up his sleeves, etc.,
-he prefaces his usual performance with “Ladies and gentlemen, I shall
-have much pleasure in showing you some entirely new tricks.”  Before
-performing the culminating trick, which is really extremely clever, he
-favours the company with what he terms his “shell trick,” collecting
-contributions first from the outsiders, whom he names “the gallery,” and
-next from those within “the stalls.”  For those desirous of being told
-something about their own craniums and capabilities, there are three
-Professors ready to enlighten them.  The first we reach is delineating a
-most unsatisfactory skull.  He is advising the young woman, if she is in
-the habit of drinking tea, to give it up, and to drink Cocoa instead, to
-eat plenty of fruit, and to take all the out-door exercise she can, and
-be in the sunshine as much as possible.  He says, with much frankness,
-“Her head is a large one; she has little respect for other people, will
-tell them what she thinks of them, and will say much more than they like.
-She thinks herself as good as other people.  When anything happens she
-does not like, she will go down in the dumps, and be like a dying duck in
-a thunderstorm.  She is not generous, and has not much confidence in
-herself.  She will be influenced more by love of approbation than by
-religious influence.  She is inclined to be severe to people, and I would
-advise her to keep her monkey down, as when it is up it is a very warm
-monkey indeed.  She has a keen sense of the ridiculous, and can
-appreciate it, and I would advise her to read Dickens’ works.  She can
-reason well and criticise well, and her tongue could go nineteen to the
-dozen.”  We find that Palmistry is being practised by the next Professor
-upon the hand of a female.  We hear him inform her that her fingers are
-long; that she does not achieve all that she would like to achieve; that
-her thoughts and imaginations are of a romantic kind; that her character
-is flexible; that she has a disposition for a broad circle of friends,
-and so on.  The seat when vacated, is soon filled by a man.  “This is the
-hand of a mechanic, large, broad, takes a broad grasp.  He would do very
-well as a Civil Engineer.  He does not confine his thoughts to every-day
-life.  He has a love of home, and a fondness of seeing the world very
-broadly.  He likes to know, and he _will_ know; he will stir up the water
-till the mud rises but what he will know.  He is a type of man who could
-command as a general in the Army.  In mercantile life he would succeed in
-everything he undertakes.  In politics he takes rather a broad range.  He
-is not an eloquent exponent of his own thoughts.  He has a good memory,
-can tell a story he has heard, and add a little to it.  Imaginativeness
-is well developed in his nature.  He has the hand of one that is
-tolerably cool; were he a gentleman with nothing in his pocket, he would
-push on until he had made a fortune.”  All this, and more the Professor
-saw with the aid of a powerful magnifying glass.  The third professor, a
-lady, is endeavouring to get an occupant for an empty seat.  “If any lady
-be present who doesn’t wish to take her bonnet off, I am as able to read
-her face as her head; or, if there are any persons present who would like
-to have their hands read, I am quite prepared to do it.”  How very
-accommodating!
-
-                        [Picture: Yarmouth sands]
-
-All these things are going on within a comparatively small compass,
-between the Britannia Tier and the Jetty.  And now without being allured
-into the “Skylark Tea Saloon,” where “small parties are catered for on
-the Sands;” whether small parties of skylarks, or skylarking parties, we
-were left to imagine; or, pausing to scan the Roadstead through the
-telescope placed in readiness, or indulging in a seat in the weighing
-machine, we pass on to a calmer region, where gratifications of a less
-exciting character may be enjoyed.  For this we had not to travel far.
-Passing the boundary line of the Jetty we instantly find, between that
-greatly improved structure and the Wellington Pier, a great
-transformation scene has taken place.  Loose sand and shingle have given
-place to a capacious and beautifully terraced garden artistically laid,
-adorned with vases and fountains, and with a bandstand in the centre.
-While the young, the healthy and the boisterous may find the fullest
-opportunities for thorough enjoyment elsewhere; here the quiet, the
-weakly and the meditative may get away from the madding crowd and calmly
-indulge in reflection.  Between this garden and the sea, an Esplanade of
-magnificent proportions has been made, and provided with sitting
-accommodation along the entire length, where Visitors may, free of
-charge, recline, facing the sea; and, whilst taking rest, may take in the
-strains of sweet operatic music discoursed by the Military Band upon
-their instruments; or, while perusing their favourite books, inhale the
-fragrance of the flowers, or the ozone from the sea.  When promenading
-upon this Esplanade, we overheard the remark made by a Visitor (which is
-probably often to be heard), “I don’t think Lowestoft is a patch upon
-this place.”
-
-                [Picture: The Esplanade and Beach Gardens]
-
-To lovers of peace and solitude, Yarmouth can hold forth an inviting
-hand, and point to its miles of Marine Drive and its level Beach, with
-its soft sands, rendered agreeably smooth and firm by the retreating tide
-and dried by the sun.  Seats and shelters in abundance have been provided
-upon the Drive and the Jetty.  A short rest in one of these agreeable
-shelters will now be welcome, and, while resting, the visitor will find
-ample food for reflection in observing the infinite variety in the
-appearance and bearing of the many passers by.  One thing is obvious:
-there is unmistakable evidence of enjoyment stamped upon them all.
-
-By the Jetty are numerous Drags, awaiting the time to convey into the
-country their complements of passengers.  Persons fond of variety are
-willing, for a short time, to leave the attractions of the Beach and
-Jetty in exchange for a pleasant drive.  A good choice of destinations is
-given, Caister Castle, Ormesby Broad, Fritton Lake, Somerleyton Park and
-Lowestoft being amongst the number.
-
-As we perambulate our spacious and recently much-improved Promenade on
-the Marine Drive, we cannot fail to notice how great is the supply of
-vehicles provided for all classes; numerous well-appointed carriages meet
-our view; omnibuses, brakes, traps, bicycles, tricycles, goat chaises,
-perambulators, Bath chairs, and donkeys are in readiness for all who
-desire them.  On the latter, venturesome visitors may feel perfectly
-safe.
-
-Much more might be said, but we must now close and allow the second Beach
-Garden, the Jetty, the two Piers, the Aquarium, the Tower, the Switchback
-and Bicycle Railways, and the Sailors’ Home Museum to speak for
-themselves.  All we need remark is that each and all of these have
-special attractions that are sought out and enjoyed by multitudes of
-delighted Visitors.
-
-The busy scene we have depicted, of life and animation, of good temper
-and well-earned enjoyment may be witnessed through the entire season in
-propitious weather.  The whole assembled multitude may be divided into
-two classes, the pleasure seekers and those who minister to their
-gratifications.  Were some of the latter more considerate, and less
-persistent in their endeavours “to make hay while the sun shines,” and
-bear well in mind the fact that the enjoyment of seaside visitors
-(although the bracing air conduces to appetite) does not altogether
-consist in eating chocolate, sucking sweets, cracking nuts, drinking
-half-pints of milk, consuming penny buns, or munching “beautiful
-Williams:” our lovely and much resorted-to Beach, attractive as it is, in
-spite of all these unnecessary drawbacks, would be more thoroughly
-enjoyed and appreciated by the tens of thousands of Visitors who resort
-to it year after year.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-
-                           By the same Author.
-
-
-                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                  A New and “Up-to-date” Edition of the
-
-                       FRIENDLY GUIDE TO YARMOUTH,
-
-       A pleasant companion to Visitors when making an intelligent
-                perambulation of the interesting Old Town.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                Fully Illustrated                TWOPENCE.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-      May be had at the Parish Clerk’s Office, by the Parish Church
-                  Gates, and at many shops in the Town.
-
-
-
-
-                           ADVERTISEMENTS. {0}
-
-
-                       ESTABLISHED OVER A CENTURY.
-
-                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-
-
-                              ALDRED & SON,
-                           Gold & Silversmiths,
-
-
-                               WATCHMAKERS,
-
-                          Jewellers & Opticians.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                1837–1899
-                             Diamond Jubilee
-                                Souvenirs
-                         IN GOLD & GEM JEWELLRY.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                 [Picture: Flag brooches] FLAG BROOCHES,
-                            Yacht Club Badges,
-                                PINS, &c.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                            56, GEORGE STREET,
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH,
-                   (_BETWEEN THE QUAY AND BROAD ROW_.)
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                            BY THE SAME AUTHOR
-
-
-                 [Picture: St. Nicholas Church, Yarmouth]
-
-                             JUST PUBLISHED.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                          _A NEW EDITION OF THE_
-                     History of St. Nicholas’ Church
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH,
-
-              Containing many new and interesting additions.
-
-                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The tendency of this book is to entertain, and aid in brightening dull
-hours at home.
-
-                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-To persons desirous of presenting friends with something really connected
-with Yarmouth, in preference to an article made in Germany, this book
-affords a favourable opportunity for so doing.
-
-                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-               In Paper Wrapper, 1/=.  In Cloth, 2/- nett.
-
-Postage 3d.  Or sent to any address in the town on receipt of the
-published price, by the Author,
-
-       E. J. LUPSON, Parish Clerk’s Office (Near the Church Gate.)
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                         FREEMAN, HARDY & WILLIS
-                        THE GREAT BOOT PROVIDERS,
-
-
-               Have the Largest and Best Assorted Stock of
-                               TAN & BEACH
-                              BOOTS & SHOES
-                               IN YARMOUTH.
-
-                            103, MARKET ROAD,
-                                   AND
-                            36, REGENT STREET.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-[Picture: Illustration of Yarmouth Beach]
-
-
-Visitors wishing to have their PHOTOGRAPHS artistically taken should go
-to MILLER’S ROYAL PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO, and Fine Art Repository,14a, King
-Street (corner of Regent Road), Great Yarmouth.  A large stock of views
-of the Town and Neighbourhood.
-
-                [Picture: Illustration of Yarmouth Beach]
-
-
-
-                                 VISITORS
-
-
-                       CAN OBTAIN SINGLE BOTTLES OF
-
-                                  WINE,
-                                 SPIRITS,
-                                  BEER,
-                                  CIDER,
-
-                           AT WHOLESALE PRICES,
-                                    AT
-                         WILLIAMS, FRERE & Co’s.
-
-                         Old Established Stores,
-                            148, KING STREET,
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH.
-
-                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                       PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION.
-
-                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                   GOODS DELIVERED AT GORLESTON DAILY.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                        The Pioneer Screw Steamer
-                                 ‘LILY,’
-
-
-            [Picture: Graphic of hand with heart symbol on it]
-
-_This popular Boat not only originated those delightful trips to
-Gorleston_, _but is still the favourite_, _and is patronised_, _during
-the season by_
-
-                          THOUSANDS OF VISITORS,
-                      _And Inhabitants of the Town_.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-The Boat leaves the Town Hall Quay, hourly, every day (except Sundays),
-commencing at 10 a.m.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                    FARES:—TWOPENCE; Children under 12
-                                ONE PENNY.
-
-                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-             Special arrangements for Parties: See Conductor
-               on board, or by letter, Mr. W. C. Harrison,
-                         69, Southtown, Yarmouth.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                           WHERE SHALL WE DINE?
-                                    AT
-                                Randell’s
-
-
-                       New Cafe Central Restaurant
-
-                                   AND
-
-                            TEMPERANCE HOTEL,
-
-                            42, MARKET PLACE,
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-            Central Situation.            Commanding Position.
-
-               Terms Moderate.    No Charge for Attendance.
-
-                  CONTRACTS FOR LARGE OR SMALL PARTIES.
-                       ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                          BED AND BREAKFAST 2/6.
-
-                   _Comfort_, _Cleanliness & Economy_.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                             R. & T. MARTINS,
-                            PRACTICAL TAILORS,
-                               OUTFITTERS,
-                           HATTERS AND HOSIERS.
-
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-OUR CLOTH PURCHASES for the Present Season are from the Newest and most
-Fashionable Shades and Colourings.
-
-SCOTCH AND IRISH Tweed Suitings.
-
-BLACK AND BLUE SERGES specially noted for Fast Colour and great
-durability.
-
-OUR READY-MADE STOCK comprises Gentlemen’s Overcoats, Morning and Lounge
-Suits, Vests and Trousers.
-
-ALSO Ready for immediate wear, Youths’ School Suits in Norfolk and Rugby
-shapes.
-
-SAILOR SUITS in Serges and other materials.
-
-TENNIS AND BOATING SUITS.
-
-WATERPROOF of the best manufacture.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                Latest Styles in Paris & Felt Hats & Caps.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                GENTLEMEN’S HOSIERY IN PURE WOOL, MERINO,
-                            GAUZE, COTTON, &c.
-
-           White and Coloured Shirts.  The Newest Dress Shirts.
-
-               NOVELTIES IN TIES, SCARFS, COLLARS, GLOVES.
-                                UMBRELLAS.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                       MARKET ROW, Great Yarmouth.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                   THE GREAT YARMOUTH CARPET WAREHOUSE.
-
-
-
-                          H. BIDDLECOMBE & Co.,
-
-
-                         Linen & Woollen Drapers,
-                   SILK MERCERS & CARPET WAREHOUSEMEN.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-              The latest styles in MANTLES, JACKETS & CAPES.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-           Special shows during the Season of the Latest Styles
-                     in English and French Millinery.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-An immense Stock of the NEWEST MATERIALS FOR DRESSES, COSTUME TWEEDS,
-COVERT COATINGS, SERGES, HABIT CLOTHS.
-
-                    WELSH FREIZE FOR CYCLING COSTUMES.
-
-                 Mourning Orders promptly attended to.
-                    FUNERALS COMPLETELY FURNISHED.
-
-                      THE YARMOUTH LINEN WAREHOUSE,
-                  HOUSEHOLD LINENS, CALICOES, SHEETINGS,
-                     BLANKETS, QUILTS, FLANNELS, &c.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-        Design Book of Lace Curtains for 1897 Free on Application.
-
-                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                      THE YARMOUTH CARPET WAREHOUSE
-
- The Cheapest House in the Eastern Counties for FLOOR CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS,
-             all kinds of CARPETS, HEARTHRUGS and BLINDS.  An
-                      immense stock to select from.
-
-   Linoleums, Carpets, &c., fitted and planned by Experienced Workmen.
-
-                         _H. BIDDLECOMBE & Co._,
-
-Pay Carriage on parcels of Drapery, to the value of Twenty Shillings and
-upwards, when ordered by post and remittance sent same time.
-
-   Anything supplied in this manner and not approved can be exchanged.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                 3, 4, 5, 6, KING STREET, GREAT YARMOUTH.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                     Visitors when in Yarmouth should
-                          not fail to visit the
-
-
-
-                             RIVERS & BROADS
-
-
-                               OF NORFOLK,
-                         THE ONLY CIRCULAR ROUTE,
-                   (65 Miles change of Scenery), is by
-                         THE YARMOUTH & GORLESTON
-                         Steamboat Company, Ltd.,
-                               (BRADLEY’S)
-
-                       WELL-APPOINTED STEAMERS, THE
-
-                            ‘YARMOUTH BELLE,’
-                          ‘Queen of the Broads,’
-                                   AND
-                           ‘PRIDE OF THE YARE.’
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                          Fares - 3/-, 2/6, 2/-.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-           Refreshments on Board.  Separate Saloon for Ladies.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                          ESTABLISHED 22 YEARS.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                      The Noted Fish Establishment,
-                               FROG’S HALL,
-                            SOUTH MARKET ROAD
-                             GREAT YARMOUTH.
-
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                J. FLERTY.
-
-Having purchased the Good-will, Premises, and Plant of the above
-Business, begs to inform the inhabitants of Great Yarmouth and
-surrounding district that he will be daily receiving large consignments
-of Soles, Turbot, Brill, Cod, &c., also Salmon, Trout, and all kinds of
-Shell Fish in Season, which will be supplied at strictly moderate prices,
-and trusts, by strict attention to all orders, promptitude of despatch,
-and the supplying of Fish of the best quality only, to merit a
-continuance of the support bestowed upon his predecessors.
-
-Bloaters, Kippers, and Smoked Haddocks of the finest quality.  Hotels,
-Visitors and Families waited upon daily.  Fresh Fish carefully cleaned,
-packed and sent to all parts of the kingdom.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-ESTABLISHED 1880.
-
-
-
-                                   THE
-                           ‘YARMOUTH MERCURY,’
-               GORLESTON HERALD & EAST NORFOLK ADVERTISER.
-
-
-                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-                        _Best Penny Local Paper_.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                           LARGEST CIRCULATION.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                 OFFICES:
-                     36, KING STREET, GREAT YARMOUTH.
-                     BRANCH: HIGH STREET, GORLESTON.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-
-
-                                   THE
-                                 STORES,
-
-
-                          _Opposite the Bridge_,
-                           QUAY, GT. YARMOUTH.
-
-Teas and Coffees,                   Aerated Waters and Drinks,
-
-Spices,                             Foreign Mineral Waters,
-
-Cocoas and Chocolates               Perfumery,
-
-Dried Fruits,                       Toilet Brushes, Combs, &c.,
-
-Groceries,                          Patent Medicines,
-
-Provisions,                         Homœpathic Medicines
-
-Household Brushes,                  Mats, Wooden Goods, &c.
-
-Italian Goods,
-
-Drugs and Chemicals,
-
-                                    AT
-                          _CO-OPERATIVE PRICES_.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                              J. E. CLOWES,
-                               PROPRIETOR.
-
-
-
-
-FOOTNOTES.
-
-
-{0}  In the printed pamphlet the advertisements are scattered throughout
-the pamphlet, but in this transcription they have been moved to the end
-to make the whole more readable.  They retain their original page
-numbers.—DP.
-
-{4}  “The menne of Yarmouthe at that tyme beganne to growe in greate
-strengthe and estimacion, for it appearethe by the Records in the Tower,
-that in those daies there was some controversy between the men of the
-Synque Portes of the one parte, and the men of Yarmouth on the other
-parte, insomuch as the men of Yarmouthe prevayled in the sea greatlie
-agenste the men of the Synque Portes, and did burn and take and spoyle
-divers of there shippes, for which the Synque Portes compleyned to King
-Edward Second.”
-
-In the year 1545, “Warres being betwene England and France, there were in
-Yarmouthe Rode two Shippes laden with wheat to goe for Bolleyn” (to
-Bolougne), “for the King’s Maties provisions, and upon Saint Andrews Daye
-there came two Frenche Schippes of Warre throughe the Roade and boarded
-the said two Englishe Shippes and cutte their cables, and were carreyenge
-them away, whereof when tidenge was brought to Mr. Bailifes in the
-Church” (it being a Saints day, the Corporation was attending morning
-service at St. Nicholas’ Church).  “All the whole Townsmen went out and
-got there weapons and manned two other Shippes and rescued the said
-King’s provisions and took six Frenchmen in the prises, and brought them
-to Yarmouthe, and the two French Shippes did very hardlie escape the
-takinge, but yet got awaye in the nyght tyme.”—Manship’s Foundation and
-Antiquitye of Greate Yarmouthe.
-
-{11}  In Swinden’s History, page 823, we find, “In the name of God Amen;
-I, William Okey of Great Yarmouth, &c., bequeath to the beadmen of the
-Church of St. Nicholas. 2s. of silver annually, to be received for ever,
-out of my capital messuage, with the edifices and appurtenances, the
-beer-house and ale-house in Great Yarmouth, &c., that the said beadmen
-shall be chargeable to keep the anniversary of me, Juliana, my late wife;
-Margaret, my wife; William, my brother; and Robert, my father; and Maud,
-my mother; and for the faithful deceased, and for them pray annually for
-ever at every head of a row in the town of Great Yarmouth.”  The date of
-this will appears to be 1349.
-
-{25}  The following is inserted for the behoof of ardent admirers of the
-“good old times,” when the Yarmouth Rows were in their meridian glory.
-No better period for reflection could be selected than when in the full
-glow of an enjoyable dip in the briny; the mind could then fully realise
-the degeneracy of the present times as compared with the year 1571.  “On
-May 8th, 1571, Dr. Whitgift, Vice-Chancellor of the University of
-Cambridge, and the Heads of Colleges, for many and weighty reasons,
-decreed that if any scholar should go into any river, pool or other water
-in the County of Cambridge, by day or night, to swim or wash, he should,
-if under the degree of Bachelor of Arts, for the first offence, be
-sharply and severely whipped publicly in the common hall of the College,
-and on the next day should be again openly whipped in the public school
-where he was, or ought to be, an auditor before all the auditors, by one
-of the proctors, or some other assigned by the Vice-Chancellor; and for
-the second offence every such delinquent shall be expelled his college
-and the University for ever.  But if he should be a Bachelor of Arts,
-then for the first offence he should be put in the stocks for a whole
-day, in the common hall of his College, and should, before he was
-liberated, pay ten shillings towards the Commons of the College, and for
-the second offence he should be expelled his College and the University.
-And if he should be a Master of Arts, or Bachelor of Law, physic, or
-music, or of superior degree, he should be severely punished, at the
-judgment and discretion of the Master of his College, or, in his absence,
-of the President and one of the Deans.”  Cooper’s _Annals of Cambridge_
-Vol. ii. p. 377.
-
-
-
-
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANCIENT ROWS OF GREAT YARMOUTH***
-
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-******* This file should be named 62630-0.txt or 62630-0.zip *******
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-
-The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Ancient Rows of Great Yarmouth, by Edward
-John Lupson
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
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-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: The Ancient Rows of Great Yarmouth
-
-
-Author: Edward John Lupson
-
-
-
-Release Date: July 12, 2020  [eBook #62630]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANCIENT ROWS OF GREAT
-YARMOUTH***
-</pre>
-<p>Transcribed from the 1897 Edward J. Lupson edition by David
-Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org, using scans from the British
-Library.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WRITTEN FOR
-VISITORS.</span></p>
-<h1><span class="GutSmall">THE</span><br />
-ANCIENT ROWS<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br />
-GREAT YARMOUTH:</h1>
-<p style="text-align: center">Their Names.&nbsp; Why so
-Constructed,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br />
-What Visitors have written about them,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">ALSO A DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>YARMOUTH BEACH</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/fpb.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Signature of E. J. Lupson"
-title=
-"Signature of E. J. Lupson"
- src="images/fps.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<blockquote><p>&ldquo;And the Rows! them long bars of the
-gridiron,<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp; That Dickens hev wrote on&mdash;so quare;<br />
-Them ere Rows are a great institution,<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp; In the town at the mouth of the Yare.&rdquo;</p>
-</blockquote>
-<p style="text-align:
-center">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;:o&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="smcap"><b>Illustrated</b></span><b>:</b><br />
-<b>PRICE TWOPENCE</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align:
-center">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;:o&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Yarmouth</b>:<br />
-<span class="smcap">Edward J. Lupson</span>, <span
-class="smcap">Church Plain</span>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ENTERED AT
-STATIONERS&rsquo; HALL.</span></p>
-<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>THE ROWS
-OF GREAT YARMOUTH.</h2>
-<p>
-<a href="images/p3b.jpg">
-<img class='floatleft' alt=
-"Entrance to row 117"
-title=
-"Entrance to row 117"
- src="images/p3s.jpg" />
-</a><span class="smcap">The</span> two most remarkable and
-noteworthy features of the ancient Borough of Great Yarmouth,
-that remain unchanged to the present day, are the Parish Church,
-and the unique series of long, narrow passages, known by the
-general name of Rows.&nbsp; The wonderful proportions and
-interesting features of the renowned Church having been duly
-examined, these singularly confined thoroughfares next claim the
-attention of the intelligent visitor.&nbsp; On seeing them for
-the first time, the query naturally arises in the mind, why were
-they constructed in this peculiar manner, so opposed to all
-prevailing ideas?&nbsp; Thoughtful minds have ingeniously
-surmised sundry motives; but the preponderating belief is
-probably the most correct one, viz., the builders&rsquo; desire
-to economise the limited area at their disposal within the walls
-of the fortifications.&nbsp; In early times the population of
-Yarmouth grew apace; numbers of enterprising persons from various
-places being attracted thither by the flourishing fishing
-operations that were carried on here.&nbsp; Manship, in his
-History of Yarmouth, states that within four hundred years from
-the time when &ldquo;from a sand in the sea, by the deflection of
-the tides, Yarmouth grew dry and firm land, whereby it became
-habitable; the population grew to a great multitude, over whom,
-at the beginning of the Reign of Henry I., a Provost was
-appointed.&rdquo;&nbsp; It may be mentioned, by the way, that it
-was in this reign the Parish Church of St. Nicholas was
-built.&nbsp; The population of Yarmouth, in the year 1348,
-numbered ten thousand.&nbsp; We can, therefore, without
-difficulty, understand how valuable space would be in those early
-times, and how general the desire to make the most of it.</p>
-<p><a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>It is
-interesting to notice that Manship, who wrote in the year 1619,
-opined a very different reason for the circumscribed limits of
-the Rows.&nbsp; When contemplating them patriotically, he
-prognosticated, with glowing satisfaction, the bad half-hour that
-awaited any rash invader, who might incontinently venture to
-approach them, feeling assured the brave and hardy inhabitants
-&ldquo;of those seven score passes&rdquo; would render a good
-account of themselves on any such occasion. <a
-name="citation4"></a><a href="#footnote4"
-class="citation">[4]</a>&nbsp; But we must quote his own
-words.&nbsp; He says: &ldquo;The number of them (&lsquo;the
-Rows&rsquo;) at this day be 140; whereby every householder to his
-private dwelling hath of all necessaries very convenient
-conveyance, and the same in time of hostility, for the defence
-and safeguard of the town, is very meet and necessary, for one
-man against twenty, with shot and powder, is able to make
-resistance.&rdquo;&nbsp; Continuing the subject, he says:
-&ldquo;These buildings, although dissevered and disjoined each
-from the other by Rowes or Lanes, the same being in number, as I
-have before declared, one hundred and forty, yet is there not any
-more division in comeliness, to be by the eye discovered, amongst
-them, than unpleasantness to the ear in music, consisting of many
-discords which do make a perfect concord.&nbsp; The streets being
-contrived and built in such warlike manner, flankerwise, with
-such convenient distance from the walls (fortifications)
-aforesaid, that the enemy having gained the walls, and entered
-the town (both which God forbid), may with few men, be enforced
-to retire, and the town recovered without any great danger
-sustained.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>It seems the most reasonable supposition that the Rows were
-constructed as we see them, in order that as large a population
-as possible might be concentrated within the narrowest limits, to
-make the work of <a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-5</span>fortifying the town as easy a matter as possible, and
-give, at the same time, greater security to the whole.</p>
-<p>
-<a href="images/p5b.jpg">
-<img class='floatright' alt=
-"A Yarmouth Row"
-title=
-"A Yarmouth Row"
- src="images/p5s.jpg" />
-</a>The following imaginative idea may be taken for what it is
-worth, namely, that the ground plan of the Streets and Rows were
-suggested by the fishermen&rsquo;s nets, when spread out in long
-lines upon the Denes for drying, a narrow pathway being left
-between the nets of each fisherman, the pathways representing the
-Rows.</p>
-<p>It has been sagely remarked by a reflective writer that the
-Rows &ldquo;seem to have been so constructed, that in the event
-of an unusually high tide, the water might flow through
-them.&rdquo;&nbsp; And in like manner observes another, &ldquo;if
-the water swept over on one side, it would make its escape at the
-other as if through a grating.&rdquo;&nbsp; Had such a
-contingency <a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-6</span>been in contemplation, surely a greater breadth would
-have been given to allow the water a freer flow.</p>
-<p>These Rows, as might have been anticipated, have been objects
-of much interest to Visitors generally, but especially to those
-of antiquarian tendencies.&nbsp; The minds of some have been so
-impressed with their old-world appearance, that on returning to
-their distant homes, they have relieved themselves by relating
-wonderful descriptions of them to the unfortunate individuals who
-had not yet seen them.&nbsp; Some have excitedly rushed into
-print, and gladly made known to whole neighbourhoods, through
-their local press, the striking phenomena they had witnessed
-here.&nbsp; One described the Rows to wondering readers as
-&ldquo;fearsome apertures in the street,&rdquo; and then
-soothingly added, &ldquo;but there is nothing to
-fear.&rdquo;&nbsp; Another, we imagine, well-versed in country
-life, said they were &ldquo;like rabbit burrows.&rdquo;&nbsp; A
-third descriptive writer asserted that &ldquo;many of the ancient
-thoroughfares might be appropriately termed cracks in the wall,
-they are so narrow.&rdquo;&nbsp; Another less excitable
-individual wrote, &ldquo;many of them are so narrow that you can
-easily touch both sides at once, by stretching out your hands
-while walking through, and it surprises the stranger not a little
-to be told that these were the only communications between the
-principal thoroughfares of the town.&rdquo;&nbsp; The critical
-pen of another scribe declares them to be &ldquo;very long
-alleys&mdash;needless alleys I should say, if the architects had
-only known what they were about in the days when these alleys
-were made.&rdquo;&nbsp; Ah! yes! and then, before leaving the
-consideration of them, he thus describes their
-capabilities.&nbsp; &ldquo;They are so narrow that neighbours can
-shake hands across their little street.&rdquo;&nbsp; Another,
-condescendingly, describes the way in which it may be done.&nbsp;
-&ldquo;The inhabitants might lean out of their windows and shake
-hands.&rdquo;&nbsp; Still further capabilities were seen by
-another imaginative writer.&nbsp; &ldquo;You can put your hand
-out of your bedroom window and put out the candle in your
-neighbour&rsquo;s;&rdquo; and, I suppose, if necessary, borrow
-the candlestick; but this he omitted to state.&nbsp; One, whose
-presence had, <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-7</span>doubtless graced continental cities, as well as honoured
-the Rows of Great Yarmouth, saw in them other possibilities, and
-stated &ldquo;for intricacies they can compete with the most
-confined of those of any Continental City you can mention, where
-the inhabitants can converse and shake hands from upper stories,
-visit each other in night-caps, quarrel in the upper world, or
-carry on a general confab, peacefully or otherwise.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-Somewhat more definitely wrote another: &ldquo;They are passages
-between parallel streets, some with shops on either side like
-Union Passage in Birmingham, but most of them only a few feet
-wide, with dwelling houses on each side, where a jump from one
-window to another would be an easy task for a
-gymnast.&rdquo;&nbsp; Who can but admire the following graphic
-description?&nbsp; &ldquo;What a quaint old town.&nbsp; The fine
-Market Place is like an open plain; the scores of narrow
-&lsquo;Rows&rsquo; running out of it may be likened to burrows
-leading in all manner of directions.&nbsp; However does each
-denizen find his, or her dwelling?&nbsp; Do they never get mixed,
-and give it up for a bad job?&nbsp; Some of these Rows are too
-narrow to permit of a man falling down if he got
-crosswise.&rdquo;&nbsp; Having investigated them with the eye of
-an antiquary, another gentleman described the Rows as &ldquo;the
-long series of narrow passages, running from one principal street
-to another, numbering 145 in all, with houses on each side.&nbsp;
-Although none of them are sufficiently wide to allow of other
-than pedestrian traffic, many quaint old-fashioned houses, dating
-several centuries back, bearing both external and internal
-evidence of great expense and labour being devoted to their
-erection and decoration.&nbsp; In fact, old Yarmouth is full of
-interest to the antiquary and to the curiosity
-seeker.&rdquo;&nbsp; Of course, the visitor with an eye to
-sanitation, has not allowed the Rows to be unexplored.&nbsp; They
-have borne the scrutiny, and we may breathe freely now the
-verdict has been given.&nbsp; &ldquo;A remarkable appearance is
-presented to the visitor by the number of long narrow lanes
-called &lsquo;Rows&rsquo; that run east and west of the
-town.&nbsp; It leaves little room for doubt of the healthiness of
-the place when these Rows are examined, for their cleanliness and
-orderly appearance must surely render them conducive to the
-highest possible standard of health; and if these observations
-can be applied with as much appropriateness to the internal
-sanitary arrangements of the dwellings&mdash;as I have reason to
-believe it may&mdash;the Corporation may congratulate themselves
-on the success of their efforts in this respect.&rdquo;</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p6b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Yarmouth Row"
-title=
-"Yarmouth Row"
- src="images/p6s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>We will now present the reader with the observations of
-writers who have less cursorily investigated this
-wonderland.&nbsp; A writer in a metropolitan <a
-name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>newspaper gave
-the following well-considered description:&mdash;&ldquo;These
-openings are the famous Yarmouth &lsquo;Rows,&rsquo; 154 in
-number, running parallel to each other, between the river and the
-sea, and so narrow that the meanest London Lane would look a very
-Regent Street if placed alongside of them.&nbsp; I measured one,
-it was the narrowest I saw, and found, that at the entrance, it
-was little more than two feet across.&nbsp; It is probably
-reserved for thin natives, since no fat man, with all his clothes
-on, could safely venture to tread it.&nbsp; In all points of
-comparison, however, but narrowness, the Yarmouth Rows have a
-decided advantage over the London Lanes, and it is this that
-makes their appearance so extraordinary to a Londoner.&nbsp; He
-naturally associates poverty, filth, squalor, and all sorts of
-misery and crime with courts in which the inhabitants can shake
-hands with each other out of the opposite windows, or step at one
-stride across the so-called street or lane.&nbsp; Everyone with a
-watch to lose, carefully shuns such localities, or instinctively
-buttons up his coat if he happens to wander into them.&nbsp; At
-night the narrow gloomy jaws of the Yarmouth Rows must, to a
-cockney pilgrim of a lively imagination, look even <a
-name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>more
-formidable; but in daylight, one glance down them suffices to
-show that they are widely different from anything that his
-experience had taught him to expect.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p8b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"&ldquo;Kitty Witches&rsquo; Row&rdquo;&mdash;widest part looking
-east"
-title=
-"&ldquo;Kitty Witches&rsquo; Row&rdquo;&mdash;widest part looking
-east"
- src="images/p8s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>&ldquo;The model Row is respectability itself; its tiny toy
-pavement of brick or stone is easily kept clean, and shines like
-the deck of a man-of-war; the houses on each side, so far from
-betraying any signs of squalor or painful poverty, are, some of
-them, so nicely kept with rows of flower pots brightening the
-windows, and clustering creepers draping the naked wall, that one
-begins to wonder how people, who are in a position to consider
-the amenities, as well as the necessaries of life, consent to
-live in such close, crowded quarters, and is driven to conjure
-that they are a jolly neighbourly race, who like, out of pure
-good fellowship, to be always in talking and hand-shaking
-distance of each other.</p>
-<p>&ldquo;And this theory that the grotesque construction of the
-Yarmouth Rows is due not to strategic, but to social
-considerations, is supported by the fact, in the &lsquo;good old
-times,&rsquo; each Row took its name, in friendly fashion, from
-the best-known or the principal person living in it.&nbsp; In
-these degenerate days of scientific classification, arithmetic
-has triumphed over flesh and blood, and each Row is known by its
-number, with the single exception, I believe, of &lsquo;Kitty
-Witches&rsquo; Row&rsquo;&mdash;once a pet preserve of the
-invaluable public servant, the witch-finder Hopkins, who could
-always count upon unearthing enough ugly women in Yarmouth, with
-the unmistakeable witch marks on their sea-tanned shrivelled old
-skins, to make a respectable official return, and satisfy
-Government that public money was not being wasted.&nbsp; The Rows
-are, I am told, chiefly the resort of the seafaring population,
-who constitute Yarmouth&rsquo;s working class.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>A writer in <i>Cassell&rsquo;s Magazine</i> says: &ldquo;the
-Rows are not wooden arcades like those of Chester, but straight
-and extremely narrow alleys, running between the principal
-streets and the river, like the rungs of a ladder, to the number
-of 156.&nbsp; Now-a-days only the humbler class of people live
-there, but having penetrated into a good many of them, I am bound
-to say that in no instance have I seen the squalor and misery of
-a low neighbourhood in London.&nbsp; There are vice and poverty
-in Herring-haven, as elsewhere, but you see none of those sights
-which saddens the heart of the reflective Londoner.&nbsp; I think
-the filthy coal smoke has something to do with the degradation of
-our metropolitan poor.&nbsp; Country folks who come and settle in
-Babylon grow in time weary of contending with the blacks, and
-suffer their children to grow up grimy and ragged, <a
-name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>while the
-children playing about the doors in the Rows are clean, healthy,
-decently dressed, and civil spoken. * * * Whitewash is laid
-liberally on every accessible place, the causeway is plentifully
-supplied with gutters made of semi-circular yellow tiles, and in
-no instance have I encountered those vile odours which offend you
-on the Continent.&nbsp; It would be false to say that I never
-smelt fish; there is a vast deal of shrimp boiling done in some
-of these Rows, but of those filthy stenches of which Coleridge
-numbered seventy-two in the city of Cologne, I detected not
-one.&rdquo;</p>
-<p><i>Harper&rsquo;s Magazine</i> of June, 1882, gave the
-following interesting description:&mdash;&ldquo;At one time the
-inhabitants of this old borough took up to living on a plan
-almost entirely their own, and the Rows in which they built their
-houses remain to this day the most curious of all the features of
-the ancient town.&nbsp; The Rows are narrow streets leading to
-and from the quay,&mdash;not narrow in the ordinary sense, but
-narrower, perhaps, than any other streets in the world, their
-average width being six feet.&nbsp; They are not isolated
-infrequent lanes left between more commodious thoroughfares by
-the incomplete modifications of early plans, but they form a
-system and their aggregate length is about eight miles.&nbsp; Six
-feet is their average width, but some of them are scarcely more
-than three feet, and two persons cannot pass one another without
-contracting themselves and painfully sidling in the opposite
-directions.&nbsp; The pavement is of rough cobble-stones, with
-sometimes a strip of flags down the middle to ease the way of the
-pedestrian.&nbsp; The houses tower up with smooth perpendicular
-walls, like cliffs, on both sides, and shut out the light, the
-upper stories projecting in many cases beyond the lower, and
-forming an arch over the narrow passage below.&nbsp; Most of
-these houses are very old, and the material of which they are
-built is flint or stone, often white-washed, though occasionally
-left in its natural condition with open timbering in the fronts;
-in one or two the masonry is of the herring-bone pattern; but
-huddled up as they are, without regard to privacy or ventilation,
-staring into one another&rsquo;s faces with undesirable intimacy,
-they are of a good class, and in good condition, and some of them
-have courtyards before them with nasturtiums and scarlet runners
-dragging a tender green web over their white walls.&nbsp; The
-narrowest of the Rows is only 2 feet 3 inches in width.&nbsp;
-There are in all 156 of them, each known by its number.&nbsp; The
-object of the frugal plan in which they originated is a
-mystery.&nbsp; One of the guesses at it is this:&mdash;&lsquo;The
-fishermen spread out their nets to dry very carefully, and leave
-on the four sides of each net a <a name="page11"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 11</span>clear passage, four, five or six feet
-wide.&rsquo;&nbsp; It is suggested that the ground on which the
-Rows stand was once used for this purpose, and that the passages
-became so well defined from constant traffic that eventually they
-were perpetuated as streets.&nbsp; However this may be, it is
-certain that some of the houses in the Rows were among the first
-built in the town, and certain also that, leading from the main
-street, they give easy access to the Quay, whereon Yarmouth finds
-its chief interest.&nbsp; When the moon is full and throws black
-beams of shadows across these alleys, and opens seeming pitfalls
-in their rugged pavement, a stranger hesitates to enter
-them.&nbsp; At all times they seem properly to belong to
-conspirators, but they are quite safe and reputable.&nbsp; In
-olden times the Watchmen patrolled them, &lsquo;crying the
-wind&rsquo; for sleepless merchants and anxious skippers; and the
-bellmen of the Church of St. Nicholas prayed in them for the
-souls of those who had bequeathed money for the purpose. <a
-name="citation11"></a><a href="#footnote11"
-class="citation">[11]</a>&nbsp; The wind holds pretty well to one
-quarter in Yarmouth, and it is said the watchmen seldom had
-occasion to vary their announcement: &lsquo;East is the wind,
-east-north-east; past two and a cloudy morning.&rsquo;</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p11b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"A Yarmouth cart"
-title=
-"A Yarmouth cart"
- src="images/p11s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>&ldquo;Having invented the narrowest streets in the world, the
-inhabitants had to devise an original vehicle for their
-locomotion, as no ordinary carts could enter them, and this
-necessity was relieved by the &lsquo;trolly,&rsquo; a peculiar
-cart about 12 feet long, with two wheels revolving on a box axle,
-placed underneath the sledge, the extreme width of the vehicle
-being about 3 feet 6 inches.</p>
-<p><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-12</span>&ldquo;Even in the dead of night the Rows are not quite
-still.&nbsp; All of them lead toward the river, and some of them
-reveal the black lines of clustered masts and rigging.&nbsp; Many
-of the houses are occupied by fishermen, who are astir at all
-hours.&nbsp; The shrimpers go out to meet the tide at eleven or
-twelve o&rsquo;clock, and though the river has some traffic with
-distant ports, the most frequent vessels on it are the
-&lsquo;dandy-rigged&rsquo; boats and the rakish cutters which
-belong to the great industry of the town.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Were we to omit the characteristic description given in
-<i>Household Words</i>, Vol.&nbsp; VII., p. 163, that is very
-generally ascribed to the pen of the late Charles Dickens, our
-list of noteworthy quotations would be rightly deemed by many
-readers to be very incomplete.&nbsp; We gladly insert the
-following from that excellent magazine, heading the extract with
-some lines from a rhyming description of Yarmouth, written by Mr.
-H. J. Betts:&mdash;</p>
-<blockquote><p>&ldquo;And the Rows! them long bars of the
-gridiron,<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp; That Dickens hev wrote on&mdash;so quare;<br />
-Them ere Rows are a great institution,<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp; In the town at the mouth of the Yare.&rdquo;</p>
-</blockquote>
-<p>&ldquo;Great Yarmouth is one vast gridiron, of which the bars
-are represented by &lsquo;Rows,&rsquo; to the number of one
-hundred and fifty-six.&nbsp; Repel the recollection of a
-Chester-row, a Paradise-row, or a Rotten-row.&nbsp; A Row is a
-long, narrow lane or alley, quite straight, or as nearly as may
-be, with houses on each side, both of which you can sometimes
-touch at once with the finger tips of each hand, by stretching
-out your arms to their full extent.&nbsp; Now and then the houses
-overhang, and even join above your head, converting the Row, so
-far, into a sort of tunnel or tubular passage.&nbsp; Many and
-many picturesque old bit of domestic architecture is to be hunted
-up among the Rows.&nbsp; In some Rows there is little more than a
-blank wall for the double boundary.&nbsp; In others, the houses
-retreat into tiny square courts, where washing and clear
-starching are done, and wonderful nasturtiums and scarlet runners
-are reared from green boxes, filled with that scarce commodity,
-vegetable mould.&nbsp; Most of the Rows <a
-name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>are paved
-with pebbles from the Beach, and, strange to say, these narrow
-gangways are traversed by horses and carts which are built for
-this special service, and which have been the cause of serious
-misunderstanding among antiquaries, as to whether they were or
-were not modelled after the chariots of Roman invaders.&nbsp; Of
-course, if two carts were to meet in the middle of a Row, one of
-the two must either go back to the end again, or pass over the
-other one, like goats upon a single file ledge of a
-precipice.&nbsp; The straightness of the passage usually obviates
-this alternative.&nbsp; A few Rows are well paved throughout with
-flagstones.&nbsp; 
-<a href="images/p13b.jpg">
-<img class='floatleft' alt=
-"A Yarmouth Row, with horse and cart"
-title=
-"A Yarmouth Row, with horse and cart"
- src="images/p13s.jpg" />
-</a>&nbsp; Carts are not allowed to enter <a
-name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>these, and
-foot passengers prefer them to the pebbly pathways.&nbsp; Hence
-they are the chosen locality of numerous little
-shopkeepers.&nbsp; If you want a stout pair of hob-nail shoes, or
-a scientifically oiled dreadnought, or a dozen of bloaters, or a
-quadrant or a compass, or a bunch of turnips, the best in the
-world, or a woollen comforter and night-cop for one end of your
-person, and worsted overall stockings for the other, or a plate
-of cold boiled leg of pork stuffed with parsley, or a ready-made
-waistcoat, with blazing pattern and bright glass
-buttons&mdash;with any of these you can soon be accommodated in
-one or other of the Paved Rows.&nbsp; Here you have a board
-announcing the luxurious interval, during which hot joints are
-offered to the satisfaction of salt water appetite; from twelve
-to two no one need suffer hunger.&nbsp; Elsewhere is the notice
-over the door, that within are &lsquo;<span class="GutSmall">LIVE
-AND BOILED SHRIMPS SOLD BY THE CATCHER</span>.&rsquo;&nbsp;
-Shrimps, unadulterated, boiled and sold by the very catcher
-himself,&mdash;the original article, and no mistake!&nbsp; From
-time immemorial, there has been a Market Row, in which two people
-<i>can</i> walk arm-in-arm, as they stare at the <i>elite</i> of
-Yarmouth shop windows, and there is a Broad Row, across which, if
-an Adelphi harlequin could not skip from first floor to first
-floor, he would get from the manager very significant hints about
-his abilities.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>The reader cannot fail to have observed the numerical
-diversity in the above quotations, as to the total number of the
-Rows.&nbsp; The discrepancy probably arose through a compositor,
-when engaged upon a Yarmouth publication, transposing two of the
-numerals, thus turning the number 145 to 154, and the error
-passing unobserved remained uncorrected; and succeeding writers,
-instead of drawing inspiration from the fountain-head&mdash;the
-Rows themselves, have complacently copied, and so perpetuated the
-blunder.&nbsp; This, however, does not explain the number given
-as 156.</p>
-<p>Considerable allowances must be made for many of the
-statements given by the various writers, in consideration of the
-length of time that has since elapsed.&nbsp; The onward march of
-improvement has become so general, it has penetrated even into
-the recesses of these old-world thoroughfares.&nbsp; Although
-they remain, as in all probability they will continue to be, the
-picturesque, tumble-down Rows of Yarmouth, a &ldquo;Paradise for
-painters,&rdquo; as <i>Punch</i> described them, still the signs
-of the times are now apparent within their precincts.&nbsp;
-Pedestrians are no longer compelled to tread gingerly upon
-uncrushed &ldquo;petrified kidneys,&rdquo; when threading their
-way through them, but may proceed satisfactorily and pleasantly
-along a pathway of concrete or flagstone, and if disposed to
-enter them at night, he <a name="page15"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 15</span>will discover that nearly all are now
-illuminated by gas.&nbsp; When preparation was being made for
-these improvements in the year 1884, an official measurement of
-eighty-one of the Rows was taken, and the total length of them
-was ascertained to be 8,372 yards, or rather more than 4&frac34;
-miles.&nbsp; The entire length of the 145 Rows exceeds seven
-miles.&nbsp; Within the eighty-one Rows which were measured, the
-number of the dwelling-houses was found to be 1,811.</p>
-<p>The names of some of the Rows were sufficiently remarkable to
-justify Dickens in amusingly referring to them as
-&ldquo;Jumber&rsquo;s Row,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Mopus&rsquo;s
-Row.&rdquo;&nbsp; Known as the Rows were to succeeding
-generations all down the ages, by name only, it was no easy
-matter to wean the Yarmouthians from the method so familiar to
-them and their forefathers, of recognising each Row by its
-name.&nbsp; The change from name to number was adopted by the
-Corporation in the year 1804, and although a century of years
-have since nearly run their course, many of the old inhabitants
-still recognise a Row by name, in preference to its number.&nbsp;
-The writer has found it a common occurrence for persons, after
-long residence in Rows, to be utterly unable to state their
-numbers.&nbsp; A woman when asked the number of the Row she lived
-in, said, &ldquo;57, but I don&rsquo;t know whether it is the
-same number at both ends.&rdquo;&nbsp; Quite recently, &ldquo;Row
-161&rdquo; was given to the writer as a place of residence of an
-individual.&nbsp; A woman born in Row 21, in 1869, wrote in 1893,
-&ldquo;I was born in Row 100, where some houses were pulled down
-for Sir E. Lacon&rsquo;s Brewery.&rdquo;&nbsp; An illustration of
-a similar character may be given from one of the Register Books
-at the Parish Church.&nbsp; In 1840, at their marriage, a couple
-were asked their place of residence, and it was given as
-&ldquo;Row 171,&rdquo; and they evidently stood uncorrected, as
-&ldquo;Row 171&rdquo; was recorded.&nbsp; Still further proofs
-may be culled from these Registers, showing the tenacity with
-which the old names were cherished.&nbsp; Most of the following
-designations have been obtained from entries which were made
-within the first four years of Her present Majesty&rsquo;s
-reign:&mdash;</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Angel Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Almshouse Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Adam the Barber&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Buck Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Barnaby Baker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Boulter&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Brown, Grocer&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Bennet, Cooper&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Blue Anchor Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Broad Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Black Swan Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Baptist Meeting Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Black Horse Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Blower&rsquo;s, Cabinet-maker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist"><a name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-16</span>Budd, Sail-maker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Blue Bell Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Bessey&rsquo;s Half Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Bank Paved Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Bell and Crown Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Child, Blacksmith&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Castle Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Chapel Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Chapel Paved Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Conge Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Cart and Horse Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Custom House Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Crown and Anchor Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Crown and Heart Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dove Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Doctor Smith&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Doughty&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dog and Duck Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dover Court Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dr. Bayly&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Doctor Ferrier&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dene Side Austin Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Duncan&rsquo;s Head Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Esquire Palmer&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Esquire Steward&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Excise Office Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Elephant and Castle Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Earl St. Vincent&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Fighting Cock Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Foundry Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Fulcher&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Ferry Boat Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Fourteen Stars Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Frere&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Gun Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Gallon Can Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Globe Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">George and Dragon Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Garwood, Painter&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Garden Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Glass House Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Golden Lion Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Humber Keel Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Horn Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Horse and Cart Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Half Moon Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Huke, Carpenter&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Jail Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Kitty Witches&rsquo; Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">King&rsquo;s Head Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Law&rsquo;s Baker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Lamb, Butcher&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Lawyer Cory&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Lacon&rsquo;s Garden Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Lion and Lamb Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Paget&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Blake&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Butcher&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Cobb&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Skill&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Woolverton&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mr. Yett&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Meeting House Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mariner&rsquo;s Compass Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Market Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Money Office Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Morley Grocer&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Miller, Basket Maker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mews Half Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Martin, Shoemaker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Nine Parish Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">New White Lion Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Newcastle Tavern Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Nichols, Shoemaker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Naunton, Baker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">North Pot-in-hand Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Old Fountain Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Old Meeting Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Old Post Office Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Old Prison Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Oakes, Grocer&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Old White Lion Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Page, Pipe-maker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Paternoster Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Plummer, Schoolmaster&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Pike, Sailmaker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Present, Butcher&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Pot-in-hand Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Post Office Half Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Priory Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Queen&rsquo;s Head Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Quay Angel Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Quay Austin Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Quay Mill Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Quaker&rsquo;s Meeting-House Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Rampart Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Rose and Crown Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Rivett, Baker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. John&rsquo;s Head Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">South Walking Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Saving&rsquo;s Bank Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Steward, Chemist&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Say&rsquo;s Corner Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">South Say&rsquo;s Corner Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Star and Garter Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Spotted Cow Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Stamp Office Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Split Gutter Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Snatchbody Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">South Garden Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Sewell&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Ship Tavern Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Star Tavern Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Synagogue Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. George&rsquo;s Tavern Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. George&rsquo;s Row east</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. George&rsquo;s Row west</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. Peter&rsquo;s Row east</p>
-<p class="gutlist">St. Peter&rsquo;s Row west</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Sons of Commerce Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Taylor, and Fulcher&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Turnpike Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Took, Baker&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Two-Neck Swan Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Three Herrings Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Thornton, Grocer&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Utting&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Unitarian Chapel Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">White Lion Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Wheatsheaf Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Well Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">White Horse Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Wheel of Fortune Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">White Swan Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Wrestler&rsquo;s Row</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Yett&rsquo;s Foundry Row</p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p>In some instances two names were given to the same Row.</p>
-<p>Rampart Row no longer exists.&nbsp; The cottages have been
-removed and the old rampart wall exposed to view; the space thus
-gained has been converted into a carriage way, and the
-thoroughfare named Rampart Road.</p>
-<p>It has been asked, why are these thoroughfares called
-Rows?&nbsp; In Palmer&rsquo;s <i>Notes on Manship</i>, p. 271, we
-find the following reply:&mdash;&ldquo;&lsquo;Row&rsquo; is
-supposed to be derived from <i>rhodio</i>, to walk; or from the
-Saxon <i>rowa</i> (a rank); or, which is more probable in the
-sense in which it is used in Yarmouth, from the French
-<i>rue</i>, a street, or lane.&rdquo;</p>
-<h2><a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-23</span>YARMOUTH BEACH,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">ITS HOLIDAY ASPECTS.</span></h2>
-<p>Now for a sudden transition from the ancient to the modern,
-from medi&aelig;val shadows to undimmed sunlight, from the
-comparatively humdrum stillness and gravity of ordinary daily
-life into the midst of vivacious holiday activities, from the
-pent-up Rows to the glorious freedom of Yarmouth&rsquo;s
-magnificent Marine Drive and unrivalled Beach.&nbsp; Who could
-reasonably desire the realisation, in the course of a few brief
-moments, of a wider contrast or a change more refreshing?&nbsp;
-Where, but in Yarmouth, could such a transition take place in so
-short a time, for where, but in the renowned old borough can
-<i>such</i> a series of such Rows be found?&nbsp; And where else
-can be seen a Beach of such proportions, with its far-reaching
-stretches of dry, clean, soft, &ldquo;golden&rdquo; sand, and its
-uninterrupted view of the German Ocean, continuous from north to
-south, and bounded along the east by the horizon alone?&nbsp;
-Measured by miles, both Beach and Marine Drive afford ample scope
-for the enjoyment of thousands of visitors of all classes.&nbsp;
-Small cause for wonder is it that a veritable army of
-recreationists, at least a hundred thousand strong (including
-day-trippers), should be attracted thither year by year, it would
-be surprising were they not to come.&nbsp; From the Rows to the
-Beach we go, with anticipations of pleasure of an altogether
-different description, and find amusement in watching for a time
-the varied ways in which the present detachment of the
-season&rsquo;s welcomed battalions of visitors are disporting
-themselves.&nbsp; Let us see what delights on a favourable day in
-summer our splendid sands afford!</p>
-<p>Proceeding by a convenient wooden gangway laid upon the sand
-from the Marine Drive to high water mark, close to the Britannia
-Pier, we are at once in the midst of a lively spectacle, people
-of all ages and sizes are here, happy in the consciousness of
-being able to enjoy themselves in the way their fancy leads
-them.&nbsp; Pleasure is the prevailing object on which all minds
-are set.&nbsp; Many of the fair sex are quietly seated upon the
-accommodating sands, perusing their favourite books, papers, and
-<a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-24</span>periodicals, or engaged in some light and fanciful work
-whilst quietly noting the ever-changing scene going on around
-them.&nbsp; Nursemaids in charge of juveniles are keeping guard
-over sundry cast-off shoes and stockings, whilst carefully
-watching the youngsters paddling joyously in the foaming
-surf.&nbsp; Paterfamilias, too, is in the surf, and provides a
-centre of attraction to a number of ladies whose interest,
-however, is not in him, but in the young olive branch&mdash;his
-very smallest&mdash;whose wriggling extremities he is
-endeavouring to bathe in the spreading waves.&nbsp; As his
-holiday inexpressibles appear likely to receive more from the sea
-than the unwilling child, his better half rushes forward to the
-rescue and hastily &ldquo;reefs&rdquo; them.</p>
-<p>
-<a href="images/p24b.jpg">
-<img class='floatright' alt=
-"Beach sketches"
-title=
-"Beach sketches"
- src="images/p24s.jpg" />
-</a>Bare-legged children in goodly numbers are paddling about and
-with shovels and tiny buckets are busily engaged in digging small
-docks and trying to fill them with water, others are making sand
-pies or erecting buildings in original styles of architecture,
-and castles and towers not remarkable for stability.&nbsp; From
-the paddlers to the bathers our <a name="page25"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 25</span>attention turns.&nbsp; Two young
-ladies have emerged from the bathing machines and are bravely
-swimming away, whilst the bathing of the other naiads consists in
-tightly holding the ropes attached to the machines, and giving a
-succession of hysterical jumps that display the intense ugliness
-of their dresses.&nbsp; In this ugliness we detect a
-device.&nbsp; The main desire of the designer, surely, must have
-been to divert the unwelcome attentions of too obtrusive
-individuals of the opposite sex.&nbsp; In the distance are the
-gentlemen&rsquo;s machines, and near them can be seen a number of
-heads dotting the restless waters. <a name="citation25"></a><a
-href="#footnote25" class="citation">[25]</a>&nbsp; For lovers of
-the sea seeking enjoyment upon, rather than immersion in it, the
-boatmen are on the <i>qui vive</i>.&nbsp; &ldquo;Hi, hi, hi, any
-more going!&rdquo; shouts one.&nbsp; &ldquo;Here you are, sir, a
-jolly sail out,&rdquo; says another.&nbsp; Whilst a third, on
-business bent, cries, &ldquo;Come along, we&rsquo;re going to
-give you a treat, sixpence for a sail, any more
-going?&rdquo;&nbsp; We watch the filling and launching of one or
-two of the boats, and note the jaunty air and smiling faces of
-some adventurers as they go aboard, and have little doubt that
-some of their smiles will soon be exchanged for more reflective
-countenances.&nbsp; Presently we are invited to have a trip in a
-rowing boat, &ldquo;Have a row, sir, nice day for a
-row.&rdquo;&nbsp; Numbers at the time are indulging in that
-pleasant form of enjoyment.&nbsp; A party of eight are seated in
-a rowing boat waiting to be launched, when a little stripling
-about seven summers old, bare-legged and brave, seeing their
-readiness, tries with all his might to give the boat the impetus
-it needs.&nbsp; Some day, his indomitable will and energy will,
-we hope, be more amply rewarded.</p>
-<p>Watching the return of the sailing boats and the landing of
-the passengers is found by many to be interesting, especially
-when the sea is inclined to take a mean advantage of those
-standing awaiting their turn <a name="page26"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 26</span>to land, by unceremoniously bumping
-the boat, and causing the whole company simultaneously to lose
-their equilibrium and receive a shower of spray.&nbsp; Of course
-they laugh as well as their friends on shore, indeed, everybody
-regards it as great fun.&nbsp; Turning from the sea to the beach,
-we often find a small &ldquo;dock,&rdquo; caused by the incoming
-flood or left by the last tide upon the beach.&nbsp; This is a
-source of supreme enjoyment to numbers of juveniles.&nbsp; Here,
-with perfect safety, paddling is being indulged in.&nbsp; Here
-miniature vessels are sailing, and, as from a reservoir, water is
-being conveyed in buckets for supplying the various needs of
-those actively engaged in raising fortifications, planning
-gardens, and making fish ponds.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p26b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Toilers in the sands"
-title=
-"Toilers in the sands"
- src="images/p26s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>This central position of the beach being most frequented by
-visitors, it is also the chief resort, the happy hunting ground
-of the numerous class who have a keen eye to business.&nbsp;
-Nearly all of them are vendors of only one kind of article each,
-and this peculiarity tends to multiply their numbers, the variety
-of merchandise among the whole being considerable.&nbsp; There
-are so many&mdash;and some of them are strangers to
-Yarmouth&mdash;that, were they not civil, and usually take the
-first refusal, persistency with frequency would be an annoyance
-little short of a nuisance.&nbsp; Take a seat <a
-name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>and your
-troubles begin.&nbsp; &ldquo;Here&rsquo;s your chocolate
-creams.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Buns, two a penny.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-&ldquo;Yarmouth rock, penny a box.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Apples,
-penny a bag.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Hokey Pokey, two a
-penny.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Nuts or pears&mdash;fine
-Williams.&rdquo;&nbsp; <a name="page29"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 29</span>&ldquo;Lemonade, three-a-pence a
-bottle.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Pears or grapes, all ripe, buy a nice
-bunch of grapes, sir.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Walnuts, eight a penny,
-fine walnuts.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Milk, penny a
-glass.&rdquo;&nbsp; These and many other solicitations are made
-to unfortunate visitors whilst reclining upon the sands or
-occupying seats, reading the morning papers, Conservative,
-Radical, and Sporting, or engaged in knitting, sewing, or fancy
-work of some kind, nursing, chatting, novel reading, or lazily
-watching the ever-changing scene on the Beach, or meditatively
-listening to the everlasting music of the sea.&nbsp; Fancy the
-effect of such a succession of interruptions upon a couple who
-had passed the spooning period of life and were intently engaged
-in writing, probably letters to their friends, jotting down their
-impressions fresh from the sands; before subscribing themselves
-as &lsquo;Yours ozoneously, Jim, or Jemima,&rsquo; we can imagine
-they would be able to lay much to the charge of these itinerating
-traders.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p27b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Yarmouth beach in its summer aspect"
-title=
-"Yarmouth beach in its summer aspect"
- src="images/p27s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>
-<a href="images/p29b.jpg">
-<img class='floatright' alt=
-"Spooning"
-title=
-"Spooning"
- src="images/p29s.jpg" />
-</a>Real fun, that is thoroughly appreciated by all classes, is
-supplied when a sailing boat has to be drawn above high water
-mark upon the beach.&nbsp; Young and old of both sexes and all
-classes willingly lend a helping hand at the long rope, and
-merrily runs the boat, responsive to the united pull, to the
-destined place.&nbsp; Spooning couples are in profusion upon the
-sands.&nbsp; The vicinity of the Beach Concert-ring appears to be
-a favoured spot with them.&nbsp; Groups of pleasure seekers are
-reclining upon the clean, soft sand in all directions.&nbsp; Some
-of them, like children, finding amusement in trifling
-things.&nbsp; The most objectionable form of
-&ldquo;larking&rdquo; with each other is the throwing handfuls of
-sand.&nbsp; Country bumpkins find special delight in this.&nbsp;
-Such a Tom Tiddler&rsquo;s ground would not be overlooked by
-gipsies; three of the tribe are present with keen eyes for
-clients, and a sharp look out for policemen.&nbsp; One of the
-gipsies tries to effect a capture, but the desired coin is not
-forth-coming.&nbsp; But gipsies have not a monopoly in
-fortune-telling.&nbsp; A bronzed peasant from the sunny south is
-here, with birds and papers, ready to make <a
-name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>any
-ninny-hammer giggle at the small charge of one penny.&nbsp;
-&ldquo;Ladies and gentlemens, these Indian birds will take a
-planet of your fortune.&rdquo;&nbsp; The next moment, and we find
-yet another opportunity of peering into futurity, being invited
-to &ldquo;try the Fairy Press for your fortune&rdquo; to be
-announced in the form of an Instantaneous Photograph of your
-future partner; this also for one penny.&nbsp; Photographers,
-without future pretences, of course, are here, and appear to be
-in eager demand.&nbsp; Edwins and Harrys, who have already
-selected their Angelinas, are prepared to pose placidly with them
-by their sides, under the searching scrutiny of the
-Photographers&rsquo; lens.&nbsp; At the <i>al fresco</i> concert
-a small and select company are informed by the singer, in
-connection with his song that his &ldquo;wife was gone where
-briny breezes blow, after being married four years and sixteen
-months.&rdquo;&nbsp; At an Electric Battery an interested group
-are watching a sturdy individual, who declines to cry
-&ldquo;peccavi&rdquo; to the evident surprise of the
-electrician.&nbsp; The next who submits himself is soon satisfied
-with his pennyworth.&nbsp; The open door of the Camera Obscura
-invites those who prefer less excitable pleasures to enter within
-its calm and retired seclusion, and there see what is to be
-seen.&nbsp; The Happy Family is at hand to throw more
-entertainment into the morning&rsquo;s programme, and to give a
-lesson in social and domestic felicity.&nbsp; Then the familiar
-face presents itself, of one who is on excellent terms with
-himself, and with all around.&nbsp; Our Beach friend, an
-illusionist, has just planted his little table upon the sands,
-placed his guinea pig upon it, and is gratified to see the circle
-of expectant admirers who immediately gather round.&nbsp; After
-widening the circumference of the circle a second time, turning
-up his sleeves, etc., he prefaces his usual performance with
-&ldquo;Ladies and gentlemen, I shall have much pleasure in
-showing you some entirely new tricks.&rdquo;&nbsp; Before
-performing the culminating trick, which is really extremely
-clever, he favours the company with what he terms his
-&ldquo;shell trick,&rdquo; collecting contributions first from
-the outsiders, whom he names &ldquo;the gallery,&rdquo; and next
-from those within &ldquo;the stalls.&rdquo;&nbsp; For those
-desirous of being told something about their own craniums and
-capabilities, there are three Professors ready to enlighten
-them.&nbsp; The first we reach is delineating a most
-unsatisfactory skull.&nbsp; He is advising the young woman, if
-she is in the habit of drinking tea, to give it up, and to drink
-Cocoa instead, to eat plenty of fruit, and to take all the
-out-door exercise she can, and be in the sunshine as much as
-possible.&nbsp; He says, with much frankness, &ldquo;Her head is
-a large one; she has little respect for other people, will tell
-them what <a name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-31</span>she thinks of them, and will say much more than they
-like.&nbsp; She thinks herself as good as other people.&nbsp;
-When anything happens she does not like, she will go down in the
-dumps, and be like a dying duck in a thunderstorm.&nbsp; She is
-not generous, and has not much confidence in herself.&nbsp; She
-will be influenced more by love of approbation than by religious
-influence.&nbsp; She is inclined to be severe to people, and I
-would advise her to keep her monkey down, as when it is up it is
-a very warm monkey indeed.&nbsp; She has a keen sense of the
-ridiculous, and can appreciate it, and I would advise her to read
-Dickens&rsquo; works.&nbsp; She can reason well and criticise
-well, and her tongue could go nineteen to the dozen.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-We find that Palmistry is being practised by the next Professor
-upon the hand of a female.&nbsp; We hear him inform her that her
-fingers are long; that she does not achieve all that she would
-like to achieve; that her thoughts and imaginations are of a
-romantic kind; that her character is flexible; that she has a
-disposition for a broad circle of friends, and so on.&nbsp; The
-seat when vacated, is soon filled by a man.&nbsp; &ldquo;This is
-the hand of a mechanic, large, broad, takes a broad grasp.&nbsp;
-He would do very well as a Civil Engineer.&nbsp; He does not
-confine his thoughts to every-day life.&nbsp; He has a love of
-home, and a fondness of seeing the world very broadly.&nbsp; He
-likes to know, and he <i>will</i> know; he will stir up the water
-till the mud rises but what he will know.&nbsp; He is a type of
-man who could command as a general in the Army.&nbsp; In
-mercantile life he would succeed in everything he
-undertakes.&nbsp; In politics he takes rather a broad
-range.&nbsp; He is not an eloquent exponent of his own
-thoughts.&nbsp; He has a good memory, can tell a story he has
-heard, and add a little to it.&nbsp; Imaginativeness is well
-developed in his nature.&nbsp; He has the hand of one that is
-tolerably cool; were he a gentleman with nothing in his pocket,
-he would push on until he had made a fortune.&rdquo;&nbsp; All
-this, and more the Professor saw with the aid of a powerful
-magnifying glass.&nbsp; The third professor, a lady, is
-endeavouring to get an occupant for an empty seat.&nbsp;
-&ldquo;If any lady be present who doesn&rsquo;t wish to take her
-bonnet off, I am as able to read her face as her head; or, if
-there are any persons present who would like to have their hands
-read, I am quite prepared to do it.&rdquo;&nbsp; How very
-accommodating!</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p32b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Yarmouth sands"
-title=
-"Yarmouth sands"
- src="images/p32s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>All these things are going on within a comparatively small
-compass, between the Britannia Tier and the Jetty.&nbsp; And now
-without being allured into the &ldquo;Skylark Tea Saloon,&rdquo;
-where &ldquo;small parties are catered for on the Sands;&rdquo;
-whether small parties of skylarks, or skylarking parties, we <a
-name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 32</span>were left to
-imagine; or, pausing to scan the Roadstead through the telescope
-placed in readiness, or indulging in a seat in the weighing
-machine, we pass on to a calmer region, where gratifications of a
-less exciting character may be enjoyed.&nbsp; For this we had not
-to travel far.&nbsp; Passing the boundary line of the Jetty we
-instantly find, between that greatly improved structure and the
-Wellington Pier, a great transformation scene has taken
-place.&nbsp; Loose sand and shingle have given place to a
-capacious and beautifully terraced garden artistically laid,
-adorned with vases and fountains, and with a bandstand in the
-centre.&nbsp; While the young, the healthy and the boisterous may
-find the fullest opportunities for thorough enjoyment elsewhere;
-here the quiet, the weakly and the meditative may get away from
-the madding crowd and calmly indulge in reflection.&nbsp; Between
-this garden and the sea, an Esplanade of magnificent proportions
-has been made, and provided with sitting accommodation along the
-entire length, where Visitors may, free of charge, recline,
-facing the sea; and, whilst taking rest, may take in the strains
-of sweet operatic music discoursed <a name="page33"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 33</span>by the Military Band upon their
-instruments; or, while perusing their favourite books, inhale the
-fragrance of the flowers, or the ozone from the sea.&nbsp; When
-promenading upon this Esplanade, we overheard the remark made by
-a Visitor (which is probably often to be heard), &ldquo;I
-don&rsquo;t think Lowestoft is a patch upon this
-place.&rdquo;</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p33b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"The Esplanade and Beach Gardens"
-title=
-"The Esplanade and Beach Gardens"
- src="images/p33s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p>To lovers of peace and solitude, Yarmouth can hold forth an
-inviting hand, and point to its miles of Marine Drive and its
-level Beach, with its soft sands, rendered agreeably smooth and
-firm by the retreating tide and dried by the sun.&nbsp; Seats and
-shelters in abundance have been provided upon the Drive and the
-Jetty.&nbsp; A short rest in one of these agreeable shelters will
-now be welcome, and, while resting, the visitor will find ample
-food for reflection in observing the infinite variety in the <a
-name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>appearance
-and bearing of the many passers by.&nbsp; One thing is obvious:
-there is unmistakable evidence of enjoyment stamped upon them
-all.</p>
-<p>By the Jetty are numerous Drags, awaiting the time to convey
-into the country their complements of passengers.&nbsp; Persons
-fond of variety are willing, for a short time, to leave the
-attractions of the Beach and Jetty in exchange for a pleasant
-drive.&nbsp; A good choice of destinations is given, Caister
-Castle, Ormesby Broad, Fritton Lake, Somerleyton Park and
-Lowestoft being amongst the number.</p>
-<p>As we perambulate our spacious and recently much-improved
-Promenade on the Marine Drive, we cannot fail to notice how great
-is the supply of vehicles provided for all classes; numerous
-well-appointed carriages meet our view; omnibuses, brakes, traps,
-bicycles, tricycles, goat chaises, perambulators, Bath chairs,
-and donkeys are in readiness for all who desire them.&nbsp; On
-the latter, venturesome visitors may feel perfectly safe.</p>
-<p>Much more might be said, but we must now close and allow the
-second Beach Garden, the Jetty, the two Piers, the Aquarium, the
-Tower, the Switchback and Bicycle Railways, and the
-Sailors&rsquo; Home Museum to speak for themselves.&nbsp; All we
-need remark is that each and all of these have special
-attractions that are sought out and enjoyed by multitudes of
-delighted Visitors.</p>
-<p>The busy scene we have depicted, of life and animation, of
-good temper and well-earned enjoyment may be witnessed through
-the entire season in propitious weather.&nbsp; The whole
-assembled multitude may be divided into two classes, the pleasure
-seekers and those who minister to their gratifications.&nbsp;
-Were some of the latter more considerate, and less persistent in
-their endeavours &ldquo;to make hay while the sun shines,&rdquo;
-and bear well in mind the fact that the enjoyment of seaside
-visitors (although the bracing air conduces to appetite) does not
-altogether consist in eating chocolate, sucking sweets, cracking
-nuts, drinking half-pints of milk, consuming penny buns, or
-munching &ldquo;beautiful Williams:&rdquo; our lovely and much
-resorted-to Beach, attractive as it is, in spite of all these
-unnecessary drawbacks, would be more thoroughly enjoyed and
-appreciated by the tens of thousands of Visitors who resort to it
-year after year.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h2>By the same Author.</h2>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">A New and &ldquo;Up-to-date&rdquo;
-Edition of the</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>FRIENDLY GUIDE TO
-YARMOUTH</b>,</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">A pleasant companion to Visitors
-when making an intelligent<br />
-perambulation of the interesting Old Town.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Fully
-Illustrated</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<b>TWOPENCE</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">May be had at the Parish
-Clerk&rsquo;s Office, by the Parish Church<br />
-Gates, and at many shops in the Town.</p>
-<h2>ADVERTISEMENTS. <a name="citation0"></a><a href="#footnote0"
-class="citation">[0]</a></h2>
-<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page2"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 2</span><b>ESTABLISHED OVER A CENTURY</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<h3>ALDRED &amp; SON,<br />
-Gold &amp; Silversmiths,</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">WATCHMAKERS,</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Jewellers &amp;
-Opticians</b>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>1837&ndash;1899</b><br />
-<b>Diamond Jubilee</b><br />
-<b>Souvenirs</b><br />
-IN GOLD &amp; GEM JEWELLRY.</p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p2b.jpg">
-<img class='floatleft' alt=
-"Flag brooches"
-title=
-"Flag brooches"
- src="images/p2s.jpg" />
-</a><b>FLAG BROOCHES</b>,<br />
-Yacht Club Badges,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">PINS, &amp;c.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center">56, GEORGE STREET,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall"><b>GREAT YARMOUTH,</b></span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">(</span><span class="GutSmall"><i>BETWEEN
-THE QUAY AND BROAD ROW</i></span><span
-class="GutSmall">.)</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>BY THE
-SAME AUTHOR</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p18b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"St. Nicholas Church, Yarmouth"
-title=
-"St. Nicholas Church, Yarmouth"
- src="images/p18s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>JUST PUBLISHED</b>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><i>A NEW EDITION OF THE</i><br />
-<b>History of St. Nicholas&rsquo; Church</b><br />
-GREAT YARMOUTH,</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">Containing many new and interesting
-additions.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p><b>The tendency of this book is to entertain, and aid in
-brightening dull hours at home.</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p>To persons desirous of presenting friends with something
-really connected with Yarmouth, in preference to an article made
-in Germany, this book affords a favourable opportunity for so
-doing.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>In Paper Wrapper, 1/=.&nbsp; In
-Cloth, 2/- nett.</b></p>
-<p>Postage 3d.&nbsp; Or sent to any address in the town on
-receipt of the published price, by the Author,</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>E. J. LUPSON, Parish
-Clerk&rsquo;s Office (Near the Church Gate.)</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-19</span>FREEMAN, HARDY &amp; WILLIS<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">THE GREAT BOOT PROVIDERS,</span></h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">Have the Largest and Best Assorted
-Stock of<br />
-TAN &amp; BEACH<br />
-BOOTS &amp; SHOES<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">IN YARMOUTH.</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">103, MARKET ROAD,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br />
-36, REGENT STREET.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>
-<a href="images/p20.1b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Illustration of Yarmouth Beach"
-title=
-"Illustration of Yarmouth Beach"
- src="images/p20.1s.jpg" />
-</a></h3>
-<p>Visitors wishing to have their PHOTOGRAPHS artistically taken
-should go to MILLER&rsquo;S ROYAL PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO, and Fine
-Art Repository,14a, King Street (corner of Regent Road), Great
-Yarmouth.&nbsp; A large stock of views of the Town and
-Neighbourhood.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p20.2b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Illustration of Yarmouth Beach"
-title=
-"Illustration of Yarmouth Beach"
- src="images/p20.2s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<h3><a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-22</span>VISITORS</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">CAN OBTAIN SINGLE BOTTLES OF</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>WINE</b>,<br />
-<b>SPIRITS</b>,<br />
-<b>BEER</b>,<br />
-<b>CIDER</b>,</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">AT WHOLESALE PRICES,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AT</span><br />
-<b>WILLIAMS, FRERE &amp; Co&rsquo;s.</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">Old Established Stores,<br />
-<b>148, KING STREET,</b><br />
-<span class="GutSmall"><b>GREAT YARMOUTH.</b></span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">GOODS DELIVERED AT GORLESTON
-DAILY.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>The
-Pioneer Screw Steamer<br />
-&lsquo;LILY,&rsquo;</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">
-<a href="images/p28b.jpg">
-<img alt=
-"Graphic of hand with heart symbol on it"
-title=
-"Graphic of hand with heart symbol on it"
- src="images/p28s.jpg" />
-</a></p>
-<p><i>This popular Boat not only originated those delightful
-trips to Gorleston</i>, <i>but is still the favourite</i>, <i>and
-is patronised</i>, <i>during the season by</i></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>THOUSANDS OF VISITORS</b>,<br />
-<i>And Inhabitants of the Town</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortdoubleline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p>The Boat leaves the Town Hall Quay, hourly, every day (except
-Sundays), commencing at 10 a.m.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortdoubleline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>FARES</b>:&mdash;TWOPENCE;
-Children under 12<br />
-ONE PENNY.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Special arrangements for
-Parties: See Conductor</b><br />
-<b>on board, or by letter, Mr. W. C. Harrison,</b><br />
-<b>69, Southtown, Yarmouth.</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>WHERE
-SHALL WE DINE?<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AT</span><br />
-Randell&rsquo;s</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>New Cafe Central
-Restaurant</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">TEMPERANCE HOTEL,</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>42, MARKET PLACE,</b><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">GREAT YARMOUTH.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Central
-Situation</b>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
-<b>Commanding Position</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Terms
-Moderate</b>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>No Charge for
-Attendance</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">CONTRACTS FOR LARGE OR SMALL
-PARTIES.<br />
-ACCOMMODATION FOR CYCLISTS.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>BED AND BREAKFAST 2/6.</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><i>Comfort</i>, <i>Cleanliness
-&amp; Economy</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>R.
-&amp; T. MARTINS,<br />
-PRACTICAL TAILORS,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">OUTFITTERS,</span><br />
-HATTERS AND HOSIERS.</h3>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p>OUR CLOTH PURCHASES for the Present Season are from the Newest
-and most Fashionable Shades and Colourings.</p>
-<p>SCOTCH AND IRISH Tweed Suitings.</p>
-<p>BLACK AND BLUE SERGES specially noted for Fast Colour and
-great durability.</p>
-<p>OUR READY-MADE STOCK comprises Gentlemen&rsquo;s Overcoats,
-Morning and Lounge Suits, Vests and Trousers.</p>
-<p>ALSO Ready for immediate wear, Youths&rsquo; School Suits in
-Norfolk and Rugby shapes.</p>
-<p>SAILOR SUITS in Serges and other materials.</p>
-<p>TENNIS AND BOATING SUITS.</p>
-<p>WATERPROOF of the best manufacture.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center">Latest Styles in Paris &amp; Felt
-Hats &amp; Caps.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">GENTLEMEN&rsquo;S HOSIERY IN PURE WOOL,
-MERINO,</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">GAUZE, COTTON, &amp;c.</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">White and Coloured Shirts.&nbsp;
-The Newest Dress Shirts.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">NOVELTIES IN TIES, SCARFS, COLLARS,
-GLOVES.<br />
-UMBRELLAS.</p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>MARKET ROW</b>, <b>Great
-Yarmouth</b>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page37"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 37</span>THE GREAT YARMOUTH CARPET
-WAREHOUSE.</p>
-<h3>H. BIDDLECOMBE &amp; Co.,</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">Linen &amp; Woollen Drapers,<br />
-SILK MERCERS &amp; CARPET WAREHOUSEMEN.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">The latest styles in MANTLES,
-JACKETS &amp; CAPES.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Special shows during the Season
-of the Latest Styles</b><br />
-<b>in English and French Millinery.</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p>An immense Stock of the NEWEST MATERIALS FOR DRESSES, COSTUME
-TWEEDS, COVERT COATINGS, SERGES, HABIT CLOTHS.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>WELSH FREIZE FOR CYCLING
-COSTUMES.</b></p>
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td><p style="text-align: center">Mourning Orders promptly
-attended to.<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">FUNERALS COMPLETELY FURNISHED.</span></p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<p style="text-align: center">THE YARMOUTH LINEN WAREHOUSE,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">HOUSEHOLD LINENS, CALICOES,
-SHEETINGS,</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">BLANKETS, QUILTS, FLANNELS,
-&amp;c.</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Design Book of Lace Curtains for
-1897 Free on Application.</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>THE YARMOUTH CARPET
-WAREHOUSE</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">The Cheapest House in the Eastern
-Counties for FLOOR CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS, all kinds of CARPETS,
-HEARTHRUGS and BLINDS.&nbsp; An<br />
-immense stock to select from.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">Linoleums, Carpets, &amp;c., fitted
-and planned by Experienced Workmen.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>H. BIDDLECOMBE &amp;
-Co.</i></b>,</p>
-<p><b>Pay Carriage</b> on parcels of <b>Drapery</b>, to the value
-of <b>Twenty Shillings</b> and upwards, <b>when ordered by post
-and remittance sent same time</b>.</p>
-<p style="text-align: center">Anything supplied in this manner
-and not approved can be exchanged.</p>
-
-<div class="gapmediumline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>3, 4, 5, 6, KING STREET, GREAT
-YARMOUTH.</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page38"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 38</span>Visitors when in Yarmouth should<br
-/>
-not fail to visit the</p>
-<h3>RIVERS &amp; BROADS</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">OF NORFOLK,<br />
-<b>THE ONLY CIRCULAR ROUTE,</b><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">(65 Miles change of Scenery), is
-by</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">THE YARMOUTH &amp; GORLESTON</span><br />
-<b>Steamboat Company, Ltd.</b>,<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">(BRADLEY&rsquo;S)</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">WELL-APPOINTED STEAMERS, THE</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">&lsquo;<b>YARMOUTH
-BELLE</b>,&rsquo;<br />
-&lsquo;<b>Queen of the Broads</b>,&rsquo;<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br />
-&lsquo;<b>PRIDE OF THE YARE</b>.&rsquo;</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center">Fares - 3/-, 2/6, 2/-.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>Refreshments on Board.&nbsp;
-Separate Saloon for Ladies.</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page39"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 39</span><b>ESTABLISHED 22 YEARS.</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapshortdoubleline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3>The Noted Fish Establishment,<br />
-FROG&rsquo;S HALL,<br />
-SOUTH MARKET ROAD<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">GREAT YARMOUTH.</span></h3>
-
-<div class="gapshortdoubleline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>J. FLERTY.</b></p>
-<p>Having purchased the Good-will, Premises, and Plant of the
-above Business, begs to inform the inhabitants of Great Yarmouth
-and surrounding district that he will be daily receiving large
-consignments of Soles, Turbot, Brill, Cod, &amp;c., also Salmon,
-Trout, and all kinds of Shell Fish in Season, which will be
-supplied at strictly moderate prices, and trusts, by strict
-attention to all orders, promptitude of despatch, and the
-supplying of Fish of the best quality only, to merit a
-continuance of the support bestowed upon his predecessors.</p>
-<p>Bloaters, Kippers, and Smoked Haddocks of the finest
-quality.&nbsp; Hotels, Visitors and Families waited upon
-daily.&nbsp; Fresh Fish carefully cleaned, packed and sent to all
-parts of the kingdom.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p><b>ESTABLISHED 1880.</b></p>
-<h3><span class="GutSmall">THE</span><br />
-&lsquo;YARMOUTH MERCURY,&rsquo;<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">GORLESTON HERALD &amp; EAST NORFOLK
-ADVERTISER.</span></h3>
-<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><i>Best Penny Local Paper</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>LARGEST CIRCULATION.</b></p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>OFFICES</b>:<br />
-36, <span class="smcap">King Street</span>, <span
-class="smcap">Great Yarmouth</span>.<br />
-<span class="smcap">Branch</span>: <span class="smcap">High
-Street</span>, <span class="smcap">Gorleston</span>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
-<h3><a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 40</span><span
-class="GutSmall">THE</span><br />
-STORES,</h3>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>Opposite the
-Bridge</i></b>,<br />
-QUAY, GT. YARMOUTH.</p>
-<table>
-<tr>
-<td><p class="gutlist">Teas and Coffees,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Spices,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Cocoas and Chocolates</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Dried Fruits,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Groceries,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Provisions,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Household Brushes,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Italian Goods,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Drugs and Chemicals,</p>
-</td>
-<td><p class="gutlist">Aerated Waters and Drinks,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Foreign Mineral Waters,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Perfumery,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Toilet Brushes, Combs, &amp;c.,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Patent Medicines,</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Hom&oelig;pathic Medicines</p>
-<p class="gutlist">Mats, Wooden Goods, &amp;c.</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AT</span><br
-/>
-<b><i>CO-OPERATIVE PRICES</i></b>.</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>J. E. CLOWES</b>,<br />
-PROPRIETOR.</p>
-<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2>
-<p><a name="footnote0"></a><a href="#citation0"
-class="footnote">[0]</a>&nbsp; In the printed pamphlet the
-advertisements are scattered throughout the pamphlet, but in this
-transcription they have been moved to the end to make the whole
-more readable.&nbsp; They retain their original page
-numbers.&mdash;DP.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote4"></a><a href="#citation4"
-class="footnote">[4]</a>&nbsp; &ldquo;The menne of Yarmouthe at
-that tyme beganne to growe in greate strengthe and estimacion,
-for it appearethe by the Records in the Tower, that in those
-daies there was some controversy between the men of the Synque
-Portes of the one parte, and the men of Yarmouth on the other
-parte, insomuch as the men of Yarmouthe prevayled in the sea
-greatlie agenste the men of the Synque Portes, and did burn and
-take and spoyle divers of there shippes, for which the Synque
-Portes compleyned to King Edward Second.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>In the year 1545, &ldquo;Warres being betwene England and
-France, there were in Yarmouthe Rode two Shippes laden with wheat
-to goe for Bolleyn&rdquo; (to Bolougne), &ldquo;for the
-King&rsquo;s Maties provisions, and upon Saint Andrews Daye there
-came two Frenche Schippes of Warre throughe the Roade and boarded
-the said two Englishe Shippes and cutte their cables, and were
-carreyenge them away, whereof when tidenge was brought to Mr.
-Bailifes in the Church&rdquo; (it being a Saints day, the
-Corporation was attending morning service at St. Nicholas&rsquo;
-Church).&nbsp; &ldquo;All the whole Townsmen went out and got
-there weapons and manned two other Shippes and rescued the said
-King&rsquo;s provisions and took six Frenchmen in the prises, and
-brought them to Yarmouthe, and the two French Shippes did very
-hardlie escape the takinge, but yet got awaye in the nyght
-tyme.&rdquo;&mdash;Manship&rsquo;s Foundation and Antiquitye of
-Greate Yarmouthe.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote11"></a><a href="#citation11"
-class="footnote">[11]</a>&nbsp; In Swinden&rsquo;s History, page
-823, we find, &ldquo;In the name of God Amen; I, William Okey of
-Great Yarmouth, &amp;c., bequeath to the beadmen of the Church of
-St. Nicholas. 2s. of silver annually, to be received for ever,
-out of my capital messuage, with the edifices and appurtenances,
-the beer-house and ale-house in Great Yarmouth, &amp;c., that the
-said beadmen shall be chargeable to keep the anniversary of me,
-Juliana, my late wife; Margaret, my wife; William, my brother;
-and Robert, my father; and Maud, my mother; and for the faithful
-deceased, and for them pray annually for ever at every head of a
-row in the town of Great Yarmouth.&rdquo;&nbsp; The date of this
-will appears to be 1349.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote25"></a><a href="#citation25"
-class="footnote">[25]</a>&nbsp; The following is inserted for the
-behoof of ardent admirers of the &ldquo;good old times,&rdquo;
-when the Yarmouth Rows were in their meridian glory.&nbsp; No
-better period for reflection could be selected than when in the
-full glow of an enjoyable dip in the briny; the mind could then
-fully realise the degeneracy of the present times as compared
-with the year 1571.&nbsp; &ldquo;On May 8th, 1571, Dr. Whitgift,
-Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and the Heads of
-Colleges, for many and weighty reasons, decreed that if any
-scholar should go into any river, pool or other water in the
-County of Cambridge, by day or night, to swim or wash, he should,
-if under the degree of Bachelor of Arts, for the first offence,
-be sharply and severely whipped publicly in the common hall of
-the College, and on the next day should be again openly whipped
-in the public school where he was, or ought to be, an auditor
-before all the auditors, by one of the proctors, or some other
-assigned by the Vice-Chancellor; and for the second offence every
-such delinquent shall be expelled his college and the University
-for ever.&nbsp; But if he should be a Bachelor of Arts, then for
-the first offence he should be put in the stocks for a whole day,
-in the common hall of his College, and should, before he was
-liberated, pay ten shillings towards the Commons of the College,
-and for the second offence he should be expelled his College and
-the University.&nbsp; And if he should be a Master of Arts, or
-Bachelor of Law, physic, or music, or of superior degree, he
-should be severely punished, at the judgment and discretion of
-the Master of his College, or, in his absence, of the President
-and one of the Deans.&rdquo;&nbsp; Cooper&rsquo;s <i>Annals of
-Cambridge</i> Vol. ii. p. 377.</p>
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANCIENT ROWS OF GREAT YARMOUTH***
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