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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da5f75f --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62397 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62397) diff --git a/old/62397-0.txt b/old/62397-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3e8c715..0000000 --- a/old/62397-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1067 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Colonel Edward Buncombe, Fifth North -Carolina Continental Regiment, by Marshall DeLancey Haywood - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: Colonel Edward Buncombe, Fifth North Carolina Continental Regiment - His Life, Military Careeer, and Death while a Wounded - Prisoner in Philadelphia during the War of the Revolution - -Author: Marshall DeLancey Haywood - -Release Date: June 14, 2020 [EBook #62397] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLONEL EDWARD BUNCOMBE *** - - - - -Produced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - COLONEL - _EDWARD BUNCOMBE_, - - FIFTH NORTH CAROLINA - - CONTINENTAL REGIMENT. - - [Illustration] - - HIS LIFE, MILITARY CAREER, AND DEATH WHILE A - WOUNDED PRISONER IN PHILADELPHIA DURING - THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. - - [Illustration] - - ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF - THE CINCINNATI AT ITS MEETING HELD IN HILLSBOROUGH, - JULY 4, 1901. - - BY - - MARSHALL DELANCEY HAYWOOD. - - [Illustration] - - PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. - - RALEIGH: - ALFORD, BYNUM & CHRISTOPHERS, PRINTERS, - 1901. - - - - -[Illustration] - -Author - - - - -ADDRESS. - - -MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN OF THE SOCIETY: - -It is no small privilege which the North Carolina Society of the -Cincinnati enjoys when it meets in this ancient Revolutionary capital, -for here our organization was first brought into being. The year of -grace 1783, which is the date of its birth, was one of mingled joy -and depression to the people of America. The war, it is true, had -been fought to a successful close; and, by a treaty wherein they -were separately specified, King George had acknowledged the thirteen -colonies to be “free, sovereign, and independent States.” But how -changed was the order of things! The desolation following in the wake -of war was scarcely less terrible than war itself, and no State had -made greater sacrifices for the cause of liberty than North Carolina. -Under daring partisan leaders at home, under Washington in the north, -and Greene in the south, her sons had in countless fights lengthened -the list of killed and wounded, while those who were spared came home -to prove that-- - - “Peace hath her victories - No less renown’d than war.” - -Yet many, so many, there were of the brave defenders of America who did -not return, and their mortal remains still rest on and about the old -battlefields made memorable by their valor. To this class belonged the -good and gallant officer of whom I shall speak today. - -COLONEL EDWARD BUNCOMBE, of Buncombe Hall, in the Colony of North -Carolina, was born in the year 1742, on the Island of St. Christopher, -sometimes called St. Kitt’s, which is one of the Leeward group in the -West Indies. The register of St. Ann’s Parish, in the above island, -shows that: “Edward, son of Thomas and Esther Buncombe,” was baptized -on the 23d of September in the above year. - -Thomas Buncombe, the father of Edward, was a gentleman of English birth -and ancestry, and died in the Fall of 1747. He had four children: John, -Edward (of whom this sketch treats), Sarah, who married first a Mr. -Beach and then a Mr. Humbergen, and Ann, who married a Mr. Caines. - -Joseph Buncombe, a brother of Thomas, and hence an uncle of Edward, -lived for a time in North Carolina and married Ann, a daughter of -George Durant; but he is said to have died while absent from the colony -on a visit to relatives. When in North Carolina, his home was in what -is now the county of Washington (then a part of Tyrrell), where he -owned a valuable estate. He probably died childless, for his property -was bequeathed by him to his nephew. The latter, upon viewing the lands -in Tyrrell, was so well pleased with them that he disposed of his West -Indian possessions and settled permanently in North Carolina about the -year 1768. Shortly after this, the mansion known as Buncombe Hall was -erected on the site of his uncle’s former residence. - -Buncombe Hall lay about twelve miles south of Edenton, across Albemarle -Sound. At present a small hamlet called Chesson, in Washington County, -marks the place where it stood. It was famed throughout the colony as -a seat of boundless hospitality. Over an arched gateway, through which -the grounds were entered, was inscribed the couplet-- - - “Welcome all, - To Buncombe Hall.” - -Not only North Carolinians, but travellers in general, frequently -sought shelter there (for it was on a road largely used), and a warm -reception awaited each visitor. In 1773, when Josiah Quincey, of -Massachusetts, was returning from a southern tour, he made this entry -in his Diary,[A] while at New Bern, on the 2d of April: “Judge Howard -waited upon me in the evening with recommendatory letters to Colonel -Palmer of Bath, and Colonel Buncombe of Tyrrell County.” Referring to -April 5, he says: “Breakfasted with Colonel Buncombe who waited upon -me to Edenton Sound, and gave me letters to his friends there. Spent -this and the next day in crossing Albemarle Sound and in dining and -conversing in company with the most celebrated lawyers of Edenton.” - -Not long after his arrival in North Carolina, Colonel Buncombe was made -a magistrate, and served as one of the Justices of the Inferior Court -of Tyrrell County. He seems to have been very punctual in the discharge -of his official duties; for, in a letter written on November 29, 1771, -by Thomas Jones to Sir Nathaniel Dukinfield, a member of the Governor’s -Council, the former says that at a recent court Colonel Buncombe and -John McKildoe were the only members present.[B] Mr. Jones adds: “The -people attended with becoming decency and patience but at length grew -clamorous, damn’d the absent Justices (I think with propriety), and -then prevailed upon McKildoe to adjourn court.” - -In August, 1892, the centennial of Buncombe County, North Carolina, -was celebrated at Asheville, the county-seat. At that time a sketch -of Colonel Buncombe, written by one of his descendants, Mrs. Walter -H. Rogers (born Goelet), of New Orleans, appeared in the _Asheville -Citizen_, and from it we extract the following concerning his -residence: “Buncombe Hall, like its founder, has passed away. It -remained in the family till after the last war. Ere we quit the -subject, let me describe this historic spot. The main building, L -shape, contained eight large rooms, and a four-room basement under -the whole, which served as store-rooms and a kitchen. The brick used -in the building was brought from England. All necessary out-houses, -including offices, were upon the premises. The yard was filled on one -side with the most beautiful flowers and evergreens; on the other, with -fine trees and velvety grass. To the south, stretched away a large -peach and apple orchard--the whole surrounded by broad fields under -cultivation, set in a back-ground of forests. Here the contemplative -mind might revel in historic thought. The old hall, with its lofty -ceilings, high oak panels, and chimney casings, seemed to whisper -secrets of revolutionary times. Over the door of the dining-room hung -the coat-of-arms of the Goelet family (a rising swan on a helmet); and, -on the walls, were family portraits of Colonel Buncombe, his sister -Mrs. Caines and her little daughter.[C] On a closet door still remained -traces of sealing wax, used by the Colonel in sealing up his silver -plate and valuables when he went to the war--vain precaution! His -agent, left in charge, turned Tory, robbed him of not only the contents -of this closet, but sold off his slaves and valuable timber and then -decamped. - -“Soon after the fall of Roanoke Island, the Federal soldiers took -possession of Plymouth. Then Buncombe Hall fell a prey to them, -as Dr. Edward Buncombe Haughton, its owner, was fighting on the -Confederate side. He returned after the war, bankrupt in purse, as -all good Southerners were, and the old hall was sold to a Connecticut -carpet-bagger. It could even then have been restored to its former -greatness, but he razed it to the ground and did not leave a brick -standing. It passed, again, out of his possession. The Southern -Goelets, all descendants of Colonel Buncombe, were left too poor by the -war to rescue his home from annihilation; and so passed away, and was -wantonly destroyed, Buncombe Hall.” - -Before proceeding with my narrative, justice requires that -acknowledgement be made to Mrs. Rogers, not only for the above quoted -passages, but also for the letters hereinafter given, and other items -relative to the family connection of her distinguished ancestor. - -There are now nine localities in the United States called Buncombe, -most (if not all) of which derive the name either directly or -indirectly from Colonel Buncombe. They are: Buncombe County, North -Carolina; Buncombe, in Johnson County, Illinois; Buncombe, in Dubuque -County, Iowa--and Buncombe Township, in Sioux County, in the same -State; Buncombe, in Union County, Mississippi; Buncombe, in Lafayette -County, Wisconsin; Buncombe Ridge, in Lawrence County, Arkansas; -Buncombe, in Knott County, Kentucky; and Buncombe, in Jackson County, -Oregon. - -The word “buncombe”--which dictionaries give as signifying a bombastic -utterance, usually employed in windy harangues to gain popular -favor--had its origin through the following circumstance: In the -Congress of the United States, between the years 1817 and 1823, the -mountain district of North Carolina was represented by the Honorable -Felix Walker many of whose constituents were denizens of the now -famous county of Buncombe. One day, as Mr. Walker sat pondering over -his past political career, he remembered that during that session he -had made very few speeches--and this, by the way, was almost as rare -a fault with Congressmen in those days as it is now. So he decided to -speak; he did speak; he spoke at considerable length; and he didn’t -have anything particular to say, but he kept on talking, nevertheless. -And when, at last, patience had ceased to be a virtue, and some of his -long-suffering colleagues were beginning to leave the hall, he told -the more polite members who remained that they might go, too, if they -wished, for he intended to have his remarks published and sent to the -home people, as the speech was not intended for the House, but _only -for Buncombe_! - -But to return to Colonel Edward Buncombe. He received his education -in Great Britain; and, while living in St. Christopher, was united -in marriage (April 10, 1766,) with Elizabeth Dawson Taylor, who -accompanied him to North Carolina, but died just prior to the outbreak -of the Revolution. She and her son Thomas are buried under St. Paul’s -Church, at Edenton. The children of Colonel Buncombe by his marriage -with Miss Taylor were: - -I. Elizabeth Taylor Buncombe, born on the Island of St. Christopher, -March 11, 1767, who was brought when an infant to North Carolina. Her -education was received in New York and New Jersey, under the direction -of Abraham Lott. She married John Goelet, of New York (afterwards of -North Carolina), and left numerous descendants. - -II. Thomas Buncombe, born in North Carolina, February 3, 1769, who died -young. - -III. Hester Ann Buncombe, born April 25, 1771, who married John Clark, -of Bertie County, North Carolina, and had two children: Thomas Clark, -and Ann Booth Pollock Clark (wife of John Cox).[D] Both Thomas Clark -and his sister Mrs. Cox died without issue. - -From the above it will be seen that the only descendants now living -of Colonel Buncombe are through his eldest daughter who married John -Goelet, of New York. Mr. Goelet was of Huguenot descent, born in 1759, -on the date of the fall of Quebec, and himself saw service in the -Revolution. After the war was over and he had married Miss Buncombe, he -removed with his wife (about 1791) to Buncombe Hall, and died there in -the ninety-fifth year of his age, October, 1853. - -In the sketch by Mrs. Rogers, heretofore quoted, she says: “With the -death of Colonel Buncombe, the name died in this country, though -his patriotic spirit survived, he having eight great-grandsons who -volunteered in the Confederate army, one of whom, John Buncombe -Goelet, died on Malvern Hill in defence of Richmond, Virginia. He was -color-bearer of the Third Alabama Regiment, and belonged to Company A, -Mobile Cadets.” - -Prior to the Revolution, Colonel Buncombe held a commission in the -military establishment of the colony. He commanded a regiment of the -provincial troops of North Carolina, in the county of Tyrrell.[E] -Like nearly all of the better element of North Carolinians--such men -as Robert Howe, Richard Caswell, Francis Nash, Thomas Polk, Alexander -Lillington, Griffith Rutherford, and others who afterwards won fame -in the Revolution--he used every effort to aid Governor Tryon in -suppressing the excesses and riots of the Regulators, and received -the official thanks of His Excellency for the “truly public spirit” -displayed by him in the prosecution of this work. He did not, however -personally participate in the Alamance campaign, as the regiments of -his section of the colony were not called into active service. - -In religion, Colonel Buncombe was a member of the Church of England, -and, when he left the West Indies, a chaplain is said to have -accompanied his household to North Carolina. - -In the several years preceding the outbreak of the Revolution, the -patriots of North Carolina were boldly preparing for any emergency -which might arise. As early as April 26, 1774, William Hooper had -asserted in a letter addressed to Judge Iredell, that the colonies were -“striding fast to independence, and ere long would build an empire -upon the ruins of Great Britain; would adopt its constitution purged -of its impurities, and from an experience of its defects guard against -those evils which had wasted its vigor and brought it to an untimely -end.”[F] These were troublous times--times calling for men of high -purpose and courageous bearing, who, in the face of King, Parliament -and Royal Governor, would boldly contend for the rights which were -as dear to them as to the people of England. Nor was courage alone -sufficient to cope with King George’s representatives in Carolina. -Political dexterity played no small part in the controversies of that -day. Some years prior to the time of which we treat, when the British -Parliament passed the Stamp Act, more resistance, and armed resistance, -too, was encountered in North Carolina than anywhere else. But no -resistance came from the Assembly, for Governor Tryon prorogued that -body to prevent official action. This prorogation also prevented the -Assembly from later electing delegates to what is known as the Stamp -Act Congress. Tryon’s trickery worked so well that his successor, -Governor Josiah Martin, decided to play a similar game in 1774. A -controversy arising over the laws establishing courts in the colony, -and the King’s instructions being at variance with the ideas of the -Assembly, that body refused to yield; and Governor Martin thereupon -put a stop to proceedings by proroguing it. He also determined not to -re-convene it until the members were more inclined to obey the royal -will. This latter purpose being divulged by the governor’s private -secretary to John Harvey, that bold statesman determined that an -independent assembly, or convention, should be called. He left New -Bern, the seat of government, and, on the third of April, discussed the -matter with Willie Jones. The night following found him at Buncombe -Hall, in the county of Tyrrell. At this place Mr. Harvey confided -his plan to Samuel Johnston and Colonel Buncombe.[G] These notables -were impressed with the gravity of the situation, and the night was -far spent ere their consultation came to an end. Referring to this -conference, in his History of North Carolina,[H] Moore says: “Buncombe -was impulsive and impressionable, but Johnston was the embodiment of -caution and deliberation. He was full of determination to resist Lord -North’s measures, but he feared the effects of too much popular power. -These eminent men, with Hooper, John Ashe, Caswell, Person, and others, -at once acceded to Harvey’s proposition, and the ball of the Revolution -was put in motion.” - -Despite Governor Martin’s frantic proclamation forbidding its meeting, -the independent convention gathered in New Bern on the 25th of -August, 1774.[I] No assembly of its kind had ever before convened in -America. It was followed by others of like character. Delegates to the -Continental Congress were elected. The breach with Great Britain became -wider, and finally, as a last resort, independence was declared. And it -may be well just here to observe that North Carolina was the very first -colony to authorize a national declaration of independence, when in the -Provincial or State Congress at Halifax on April 12, 1776, Cornelius -Harnett submitted a committee report (which was unanimously adopted), -setting forth a resolution: “that the delegates for this colony in -the Continental Congress be impowered to concur with the delegates of -the other colonies in _declaring independency_.” This was more than a -month before the passage of the famous Virginia resolutions; and even -those who question the genuineness of the Mecklenburg Declaration of -Independence have never attempted to disprove the authenticity of this -resolution adopted by the Provincial Congress at Halifax. So North -Carolina will ever claim the proud distinction of having been first to -move for independence, as she was also first to offer resistance to the -Stamp Act. The preamble to the above resolve in favor of independence -is a masterly vindication of the course pursued by the colonies, and -should be read of all men.[J] - -As well may be supposed, a man of Colonel Buncombe’s spirit and -patriotism was not the person to hold back from participation in a -war, however perilous, which he himself had been instrumental in -bringing about. On September 9, 1775, he was elected Colonel of the -militia forces of Tyrrell County[K] by the Provincial Congress of -North Carolina, then in session at Halifax. He fulfilled the duties -of this position for about seven months, and, on the 17th of April, -1776, was transferred to the regular service, being made Colonel of the -Fifth Regiment of North Carolina troops in the Continental Line.[L] -During the period intervening between its organization and the time -when ordered to the field, the Fifth Regiment was maintained at his -private expense. On May 7, 1776, the appointment of Colonel Buncombe -was confirmed by the Continental Congress,[M] and his regiment was -assigned to General Francis Nash’s brigade. This brigade was made up -at Wilmington, North Carolina, in the Summer of 1776, and remained -in that vicinity till November of the same year. Having been ordered -to join Washington’s army, then operating in the north, General Nash -and his troops set out from Wilmington about the 15th of November, -and, on reaching the town of Halifax, were ordered back south, the -object being to keep the British from entering Georgia by way of St. -Augustine. No sooner, however, had Charleston been reached, than orders -were again countermanded. Thereupon the brigade marched to Haddrell’s -Point, opposite Fort Sullivan, South Carolina, at which place it -remained in the forces which were there opposing the operations of -Sir Henry Clinton. In March, 1777, orders were again given the North -Carolina brigade to join Washington. Moving up through North Carolina -and Virginia, and crossing the Potomac near Alexandria, the main -army was finally reached on the Jersey side of the Delaware River, -at Middlebrook. The accession of these brave North Carolinians was -gladly hailed by Washington, and they were given a thundering welcome -in the shape of “a salutation of thirteen cannon, each fired thirteen -times.”[N] - -At Alexandria, in the latter part of May, the march of Nash’s brigade -had been delayed to inoculate the troops against small-pox. - -Early in July, the North Carolinians, together with the other troops -around Philadelphia, were detailed to complete the fortifications on -the Delaware River.[O] - -On the 14th of August, 1777, while the Continental forces were in camp -at Trenton, we find Colonel Buncombe and the other field-officers of -Nash’s brigade uniting in a protest against a Pennsylvanian, Colonel -Edward Hand, being made a brigadier-general to command North Carolina -troops, _vice_ General James Moore, who had recently died.[P] While not -questioning Colonel Hand’s merit, they declared that the appointment -of any outsider would be a “reflection on North Carolina and a stab -at military honour throughout the continent in general.” The memorial -also contained some rather unpleasant references to Thomas Burke (then -a delegate from North Carolina in the Continental Congress), and -charged him with neglecting the interests of the State he represented -to advance one of his own countrymen--he and Hand both being natives -of Ireland. Burke was so enraged thereby that he declared, referring -to the signers of the protest: “Their behaviour in this instance has -determined me to forego all particular attention to them. I hope -they will so distinguish themselves that their merit alone will be -sufficient for their promotion, without standing in need of any -assistance which I could give.” Whether Doctor Burke did forego all -particular attention to the North Carolinians does not appear, but he -certainly succeeded in his efforts to secure the promotion of Hand, -who, it is a pleasure to add, rendered long and honorable service -during the war, and held a major-general’s commission in the regular -army after the return of peace. - -On the 11th day of September, 1777, was fought the battle of -Brandywine, and here Colonel Buncombe’s regiment was actively engaged. -In this conflict, the North Carolina brigade and Greene’s division were -ranged in the centre of the American Army.[Q] Being ordered to support -the right wing (then sorely pressed), their absence left the troops -under General Wayne to cope alone with a vastly superior force of the -enemy. After a brave and bloody resistance, Wayne was forced to retire, -and the day was lost. - -After his reverses at Brandywine, the never-despairing Washington drew -together his forces and prepared again to attack. He was, in truth, a -leader whom no disaster could appall. - -The next scene of action was at Germantown, Pennsylvania. This -fight occurred on the 4th of October, and was destined to be -Colonel Buncombe’s last battle, for there he received the wound -which ultimately caused his death while a prisoner in the hands of -the British. The brigade of North Carolinians was selected by the -commander-in-chief to act as a part of the reserve corps at Germantown, -but it may be questioned if it would have suffered more terribly if -placed in the van. The brave General Nash, with his thigh shattered by -a solid shot,[R] and fainting from the loss of blood, was borne to a -near-by house and lingered only three days. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry -Irwin of Buncombe’s regiment (the Fifth), Captain Jacob Turner of the -Third, and Lieutenant John McCann of the Sixth North Carolina, lay dead -on the field. Major William Polk of the Ninth, received a shot in the -face, which, for a time, deprived him of the power of speech. Captain -John Armstrong of the Second, Lieutenant Joshua Hadley of the Sixth, -and Ensign John Daves of the Second, were also among the wounded, as -were doubtless many others, of whom, unfortunately, we have now no -record. - -And the privates! How many of those forgotten heroes shed their blood -and gave up their lives, as freely as did the officers, will never be -known. May their devotion be rewarded in a better world. - - “’Tis to the virtue of such men, man owes - His portion in the good that heaven bestows; - And when recording history displays - Feats of renown, though wrought in ancient days-- - Tells of a few stout hearts that fought, and died, - Where duty placed them, at their country’s side-- - The man that is not moved with what he reads, - That takes not fire at their heroic deeds, - Unworthy of the blessings of the brave, - Is base in kind, and born to be a slave.” - -When struck down on the field of Germantown, Colonel Buncombe was left -for dead by the retreating Americans and lay where he fell until the -next day, when a British officer recognized him as an old schoolmate -and had him removed to Philadelphia. There he was paroled within the -city limits. His wound at first yielded to treatment, and it was -thought he would recover. But as life dragged on, he realized that the -weakened state of his constitution could not longer withstand continued -privation. Being in great financial straits, and his physical condition -growing worse day by day, he at last applied to Sir William Howe, -the British commandant of Philadelphia, for leave to go as a paroled -prisoner either to England or to North Carolina; but, if this request -was ever granted, he did not avail himself of the privilege. Fearing -that the motives which prompted his application had been misconstrued, -he addressed to General Washington a letter, the original of which is -now in possession of the Goelet family, Washington having returned it -to one of that connection, after the Revolution, as a memorial of its -brave author. Following is the communication in full: - - _Sir_, - - As I deem myself accountable to you, as my General, for every part - of my conduct, permit this letter to speak what in person I cannot - deliver. - - Distressed I have been, repeatedly soliciting a supply of money from - camp, yet hitherto I have not been obliged. I never was accustomed to - adversity. Let the feelings of Your Excellency’s heart speak for me. - - It is true I have my failings. Human nature will operate no - perfection. But, as an officer, have I in any shape or respect - disgraced my regiment? Have I not been anxious to fight for America? - Can one of Your Excellency’s officers accuse me of cowardice? - - Prompted by my distress, I was inevitably compelled to apply to - His Excellency General Sir William Howe either for a parole to the - southward or to Britain. Here I cannot command hard money; there I - can. - - The exigency of my case, I am persuaded, will point out the - expediency of my adopted measure. I request that you will not think - my departure from America a desertion of it. Always amenable to my - General’s call, in six months I shall be ready to obey your orders if - you think proper to have me exchanged. - - I have the honor to be, with sincerity, Your Excellency’s - - Very respectful and obed’t serv’t, - E. BUNCOMBE. - - To - His Excellency - General Washington, - Commander-in-Chief - of the Forces of the United Colonies. - -The unfortunate captive, by whom this letter was written, never lived -to enjoy the freedom he so much loved. He was, at times, addicted to -somnambulism; and about the middle of May, 1778, while walking in his -sleep, fell down a flight of stairs. This accident caused his wound to -open afresh; and, before assistance could avail, he bled to death. - -Thus passed the spirit of Edward Buncombe, soldier and gentleman-- - - “Than whom, knight - Was never dubbed, more bold in fight; - Nor, when from war and armor free, - More famed for stately courtesy.” - -And when they buried him, an entry was made on the parish-register -of Christ Church, Philadelphia, noting the interment of _Cornelius_ -Buncombe; while many North Carolina historians, in later years, have -given his first name as Richard! This consideration for his memory -brings to mind Byron’s remark on reading of the death, at Waterloo, -of an old college-mate: “There is fame! A man is killed. His name is -Grose, and they print it Grove.” - -The death of Colonel Buncombe occurred at the house of a Mrs. Kendall. -This we learn from a letter written on July 22, 1778, by Thomas -Franklin, a Philadelphia Quaker, to General Benedict Arnold (then in -the American service), giving a list of Buncombe’s effects, “left in ye -hands of ye widow Edy Kendall, where he lodged last and died.” - -During Colonel Buncombe’s service in the army, he was accompanied by -a faithful slave, Charles, and to this negro he bequeathed freedom. -The following reference to him is found in a letter from the Reverend -Adam Boyd, Brigade-Chaplain in the North Carolina Line, dated in camp, -at White Plains, New York, August 24, 1778: “Charles, I believe is -entitled to his freedom. The Colonel has often been heard to say he -should not serve anyone after his death; and some of his officers have -heard him say he had, in his will, ordered him his freedom. A law of -our State forbids such emancipation without the consent of the court of -that county in which the master usually resides. But an appeal to that -law in this case I do not think would be right, because it would defeat -the testator’s intention, which I think should be held sacred. Though -I think it would be easy for his heirs, should they avail themselves -of the law, to enslave Charles for life, I hope such a thing will not -be attempted. The principal object of this law was to prevent the -discharge of slaves that were not able to earn their living--a cruel -practice which had scandalously prevailed to avoid paying taxes, from -which old age or other infirmities do not exempt slaves.” The will, by -which Charles was supposed to be emancipated, could not be found among -Colonel Buncombe’s papers, but the negro was allowed to go free in -deference to his late owner’s expressed wish. The only will found was -one which had been made before the war. - -The spot where Colonel Buncombe lies buried is not marked, but it is -somewhere within the “additional church-yard” of the parish of Christ -Church, on the corner of Arch and Fifth Streets, Philadelphia. In this -enclosure are also deposited the remains of Benjamin Franklin, and -other patriots; while not many miles off sleep Nash, Irwin, Turner, -McCann, and their brave comrades, who counted not life above liberty. -And North Carolina should little grieve that her sons are left on the -soil of Pennsylvania. There they fell, fighting for the common cause of -America; there let them rest. - - “The neighing troop, the flashing blade, - The bugle’s stirring blast, - The charge, the dreadful cannonade, - The din and shout are past; - Nor war’s wild note nor glory’s peal - Shall thrill with fierce delight - Those breasts that nevermore may feel - The rapture of the fight.” - -As a grateful tribute to the memory of Colonel Buncombe, the General -Assembly of North Carolina, at its session of 1791, created a new -county just westward of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and called it in his -honor. This is a monument which will stand when the proudest memorials -of our day have become misshapen masses of stone. For ages it will -tell of the brave soldier who fought for his country’s freedom and now -sleeps in a forgotten grave, awaiting the last summons when the earth -and the sea shall give up their dead. Peaceful be his rest!--and may -generations yet to come draw inspiration from the life he led. - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[A] Memoir of the Life of Josiah Quincey, Jun., by his son Josiah -Quincey, pp. 120, 121. - -[B] Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX., p. 60. - -[C] These portraits were afterwards destroyed in a fire when the -residence of Dr. Edward H. Goelet, of Goldsborough, N. C. was -burned--M. DeL. H. - -[D] Mrs. Ann Booth Pollock Cox is interred in the old burial ground -of St. Paul’s Church, Edenton, N. C. On her monument is an elaborate -inscription relative to the military record of her grandfather Colonel -Buncombe. - -[E] Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. VIII, pp. 705, 707. - -[F] Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell Jones, p. 314. - -[G] Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell Jones, p. 124. - -[H] Vol. I., p. 163. - -[I] Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. IX., p. 1041. - -[J] For full text of preamble and resolutions, see Colonial Records -of N. C., Vol. X., p. 512; Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell -Jones, p. 251. - -[K] Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. X., p. 205. - -[L] Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. X., p. 520. - -[M] American Archives (4th Series), Vol. V., p. 1698. - -[N] This account of the movements of Nash’s brigade is partly from -narrative of Hugh McDonald in old series of North Carolina University -Magazine (1853-’56, II., 466-470; IV., 158-162; V., 28-31, 208-211, -360-363), and partly from State Records. - -[O] State Records of N. C., Vol. XI., p. 733. - -[P] State Records of N. C., Vol. XI., pp. 562, 750. - -[Q] State Records of N. C., Vol. XI. page 621. - -[R] Moore’s History (I., 248, NOTE) states upon the authority of my -father, the late Dr. Richard B. Haywood, that Col. William Polk said -that Gen. Nash received his mortal wound from a shot through the -eyes. That Col. Polk also made this statement to persons other than -Dr. Haywood appears in Dr. W. M. Polk’s biography of Bishop Polk (I. -27), which quotes Col. Polk as saying Nash “was blind,” and almost -in syncope from loss of blood. Yet, strange as it may seem, though -official records show he was himself present and severely wounded at -Germantown, Col. Polk was mistaken in this, as will now be shown. John -Penn, writing from near the battlefield (on Oct. 10th) only three days -after Nash’s death, says: “Poor General Nash was killed by a cannon -ball, with his horse.” An obituary published in the NORTH CAROLINA -GAZETTE, less than a month later (Oct. 31st), states: “The winged -Messenger of Death, a cannon ball, * * * * struck him on the thigh, -tore his body in a most dreadful manner, and killed his horse under -him.” In the legislative proceedings in honor of Gen. Nash (Nov. 19th), -less than six weeks after his death, it appears that he “received a -wound from a cannon ball; and, after languishing some days * * * * -closed his useful life.” See State Records of North Carolina, Vol. XI., -pp. 649, 789; Ibid., Vol. XII., p. 279. Pennsylvania accounts also -say Nash was killed by a cannon ball which struck him on the thigh. -The statement by Col. Polk was made when he was a very old man, fifty -years or more after the battle; hence his mistake may have been caused -by confusing Gen. Nash with some other wounded officer at Germantown -who may have been shot through the eyes. Col. Polk’s second wife was a -sister of Dr. Haywood’s mother. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - - Italicized or underlined text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - - Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Colonel Edward Buncombe, Fifth North -Carolina Continental Regiment, by Marshall DeLancey Haywood - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLONEL EDWARD BUNCOMBE *** - -***** This file should be named 62397-0.txt or 62397-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/3/9/62397/ - -Produced by David E. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: Colonel Edward Buncombe, Fifth North Carolina Continental Regiment - His Life, Military Careeer, and Death while a Wounded - Prisoner in Philadelphia during the War of the Revolution - -Author: Marshall DeLancey Haywood - -Release Date: June 14, 2020 [EBook #62397] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLONEL EDWARD BUNCOMBE *** - - - - -Produced by David E. Brown and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<h1><small>COLONEL</small><br /> -<span class="bb">EDWARD BUNCOMBE,</span></h1> - -<p>FIFTH NORTH CAROLINA<br /> - -<span class="large"><span class="smcap">Continental Regiment</span>.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titledots.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p>HIS LIFE, MILITARY CAREER, AND DEATH WHILE A<br /> -WOUNDED PRISONER IN PHILADELPHIA DURING<br /> -THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titledots.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p><small>ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF<br /> -THE CINCINNATI AT ITS MEETING HELD IN HILLSBOROUGH,<br /> -JULY 4, 1901.</small></p> - -<p>BY<br /> - -<span class="large"><span class="smcap">Marshall DeLancey Haywood</span>.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titlelogo.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p>PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.</p> - -<p>RALEIGH:<br /> -ALFORD, BYNUM & CHRISTOPHERS, PRINTERS,<br /> -1901.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_002.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p class="center">Author</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -<h2 class="nobreak"> -ADDRESS.</h2></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Society</span>:</p> - -<p>It is no small privilege which the North Carolina -Society of the Cincinnati enjoys when it meets in this -ancient Revolutionary capital, for here our organization -was first brought into being. The year of grace -1783, which is the date of its birth, was one of mingled -joy and depression to the people of America. The -war, it is true, had been fought to a successful close; -and, by a treaty wherein they were separately specified, -King George had acknowledged the thirteen colonies -to be “free, sovereign, and independent States.” -But how changed was the order of things! The desolation -following in the wake of war was scarcely less -terrible than war itself, and no State had made greater -sacrifices for the cause of liberty than North Carolina. -Under daring partisan leaders at home, under Washington -in the north, and Greene in the south, her sons -had in countless fights lengthened the list of killed -and wounded, while those who were spared came home -to prove that—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“Peace hath her victories</div> -<div class="verse">No less renown’d than war.”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>Yet many, so many, there were of the brave defenders -of America who did not return, and their mortal -remains still rest on and about the old battlefields -made memorable by their valor. To this class belonged -the good and gallant officer of whom I shall -speak today.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Colonel Edward Buncombe</span>, of Buncombe Hall, -in the Colony of North Carolina, was born in the year -1742, on the Island of St. Christopher, sometimes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -called St. Kitt’s, which is one of the Leeward group -in the West Indies. The register of St. Ann’s Parish, -in the above island, shows that: “Edward, son of -Thomas and Esther Buncombe,” was baptized on the -23d of September in the above year.</p> - -<p>Thomas Buncombe, the father of Edward, was a -gentleman of English birth and ancestry, and died in -the Fall of 1747. He had four children: John, Edward -(of whom this sketch treats), Sarah, who married first -a Mr. Beach and then a Mr. Humbergen, and Ann, -who married a Mr. Caines.</p> - -<p>Joseph Buncombe, a brother of Thomas, and hence -an uncle of Edward, lived for a time in North Carolina -and married Ann, a daughter of George Durant; -but he is said to have died while absent from the colony -on a visit to relatives. When in North Carolina, -his home was in what is now the county of Washington -(then a part of Tyrrell), where he owned a valuable -estate. He probably died childless, for his property -was bequeathed by him to his nephew. The latter, -upon viewing the lands in Tyrrell, was so well pleased -with them that he disposed of his West Indian possessions -and settled permanently in North Carolina -about the year 1768. Shortly after this, the mansion -known as Buncombe Hall was erected on the site of -his uncle’s former residence.</p> - -<p>Buncombe Hall lay about twelve miles south of -Edenton, across Albemarle Sound. At present a small -hamlet called Chesson, in Washington County, marks -the place where it stood. It was famed throughout -the colony as a seat of boundless hospitality. Over -an arched gateway, through which the grounds were -entered, was inscribed the couplet—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“Welcome all,</div> -<div class="verse">To Buncombe Hall.”</div> -</div></div> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>Not only North Carolinians, but travellers in general, -frequently sought shelter there (for it was on a -road largely used), and a warm reception awaited each -visitor. In 1773, when Josiah Quincey, of Massachusetts, -was returning from a southern tour, he made -this entry in his Diary,<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> while at New Bern, on the -2d of April: “Judge Howard waited upon me in the -evening with recommendatory letters to Colonel -Palmer of Bath, and Colonel Buncombe of Tyrrell -County.” Referring to April 5, he says: “Breakfasted -with Colonel Buncombe who waited upon me -to Edenton Sound, and gave me letters to his friends -there. Spent this and the next day in crossing Albemarle -Sound and in dining and conversing in company -with the most celebrated lawyers of Edenton.”</p> - -<p>Not long after his arrival in North Carolina, Colonel -Buncombe was made a magistrate, and served as one -of the Justices of the Inferior Court of Tyrrell County. -He seems to have been very punctual in the discharge -of his official duties; for, in a letter written on November -29, 1771, by Thomas Jones to Sir Nathaniel Dukinfield, -a member of the Governor’s Council, the former -says that at a recent court Colonel Buncombe -and John McKildoe were the only members present.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> -Mr. Jones adds: “The people attended with becoming -decency and patience but at length grew clamorous, -damn’d the absent Justices (I think with propriety), -and then prevailed upon McKildoe to adjourn court.”</p> - -<p>In August, 1892, the centennial of Buncombe County, -North Carolina, was celebrated at Asheville, the county-seat. -At that time a sketch of Colonel Buncombe, -written by one of his descendants, Mrs. Walter H. -Rogers (born Goelet), of New Orleans, appeared in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -<i>Asheville Citizen</i>, and from it we extract the following -concerning his residence: “Buncombe Hall, like its -founder, has passed away. It remained in the family -till after the last war. Ere we quit the subject, let me -describe this historic spot. The main building, L shape, -contained eight large rooms, and a four-room basement -under the whole, which served as store-rooms and a -kitchen. The brick used in the building was brought -from England. All necessary out-houses, including -offices, were upon the premises. The yard was filled -on one side with the most beautiful flowers and evergreens; -on the other, with fine trees and velvety -grass. To the south, stretched away a large peach -and apple orchard—the whole surrounded by broad -fields under cultivation, set in a back-ground of forests. -Here the contemplative mind might revel in -historic thought. The old hall, with its lofty ceilings, -high oak panels, and chimney casings, seemed to whisper -secrets of revolutionary times. Over the door of -the dining-room hung the coat-of-arms of the Goelet -family (a rising swan on a helmet); and, on the walls, -were family portraits of Colonel Buncombe, his sister -Mrs. Caines and her little daughter.<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> On a closet door -still remained traces of sealing wax, used by the Colonel -in sealing up his silver plate and valuables when -he went to the war—vain precaution! His agent, left -in charge, turned Tory, robbed him of not only the -contents of this closet, but sold off his slaves and valuable -timber and then decamped.</p> - -<p>“Soon after the fall of Roanoke Island, the Federal -soldiers took possession of Plymouth. Then Buncombe -Hall fell a prey to them, as Dr. Edward Buncombe -Haughton, its owner, was fighting on the Confederate -side. He returned after the war, bankrupt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -in purse, as all good Southerners were, and the old -hall was sold to a Connecticut carpet-bagger. It could -even then have been restored to its former greatness, -but he razed it to the ground and did not leave a -brick standing. It passed, again, out of his possession. -The Southern Goelets, all descendants of Colonel -Buncombe, were left too poor by the war to rescue -his home from annihilation; and so passed away, and -was wantonly destroyed, Buncombe Hall.”</p> - -<p>Before proceeding with my narrative, justice requires -that acknowledgement be made to Mrs. Rogers, not -only for the above quoted passages, but also for the -letters hereinafter given, and other items relative to -the family connection of her distinguished ancestor.</p> - -<p>There are now nine localities in the United States -called Buncombe, most (if not all) of which derive the -name either directly or indirectly from Colonel Buncombe. -They are: Buncombe County, North Carolina; -Buncombe, in Johnson County, Illinois; Buncombe, -in Dubuque County, Iowa—and Buncombe -Township, in Sioux County, in the same State; Buncombe, -in Union County, Mississippi; Buncombe, in -Lafayette County, Wisconsin; Buncombe Ridge, in -Lawrence County, Arkansas; Buncombe, in Knott -County, Kentucky; and Buncombe, in Jackson County, -Oregon.</p> - -<p>The word “buncombe”—which dictionaries give as -signifying a bombastic utterance, usually employed -in windy harangues to gain popular favor—had its -origin through the following circumstance: In the -Congress of the United States, between the years 1817 -and 1823, the mountain district of North Carolina was -represented by the Honorable Felix Walker many of -whose constituents were denizens of the now famous -county of Buncombe. One day, as Mr. Walker sat -pondering over his past political career, he remembered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -that during that session he had made very few -speeches—and this, by the way, was almost as rare a -fault with Congressmen in those days as it is now. So -he decided to speak; he did speak; he spoke at considerable -length; and he didn’t have anything particular -to say, but he kept on talking, nevertheless. -And when, at last, patience had ceased to be a virtue, -and some of his long-suffering colleagues were beginning -to leave the hall, he told the more polite members -who remained that they might go, too, if they wished, -for he intended to have his remarks published and -sent to the home people, as the speech was not intended -for the House, but <i>only for Buncombe</i>!</p> - -<p>But to return to Colonel Edward Buncombe. He -received his education in Great Britain; and, while -living in St. Christopher, was united in marriage -(April 10, 1766,) with Elizabeth Dawson Taylor, who -accompanied him to North Carolina, but died just -prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. She and -her son Thomas are buried under St. Paul’s Church, -at Edenton. The children of Colonel Buncombe by -his marriage with Miss Taylor were:</p> - -<p>I. Elizabeth Taylor Buncombe, born on the Island -of St. Christopher, March 11, 1767, who was brought -when an infant to North Carolina. Her education -was received in New York and New Jersey, under the -direction of Abraham Lott. She married John Goelet, -of New York (afterwards of North Carolina), and left -numerous descendants.</p> - -<p>II. Thomas Buncombe, born in North Carolina, -February 3, 1769, who died young.</p> - -<p>III. Hester Ann Buncombe, born April 25, 1771, -who married John Clark, of Bertie County, North -Carolina, and had two children: Thomas Clark, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -Ann Booth Pollock Clark (wife of John Cox).<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> Both -Thomas Clark and his sister Mrs. Cox died without -issue.</p> - -<p>From the above it will be seen that the only descendants -now living of Colonel Buncombe are through -his eldest daughter who married John Goelet, of New -York. Mr. Goelet was of Huguenot descent, born in -1759, on the date of the fall of Quebec, and himself -saw service in the Revolution. After the war was over -and he had married Miss Buncombe, he removed with -his wife (about 1791) to Buncombe Hall, and died there -in the ninety-fifth year of his age, October, 1853.</p> - -<p>In the sketch by Mrs. Rogers, heretofore quoted, -she says: “With the death of Colonel Buncombe, -the name died in this country, though his patriotic -spirit survived, he having eight great-grandsons who -volunteered in the Confederate army, one of whom, -John Buncombe Goelet, died on Malvern Hill in -defence of Richmond, Virginia. He was color-bearer -of the Third Alabama Regiment, and belonged to -Company A, Mobile Cadets.”</p> - -<p>Prior to the Revolution, Colonel Buncombe held a -commission in the military establishment of the -colony. He commanded a regiment of the provincial -troops of North Carolina, in the county of Tyrrell.<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> -Like nearly all of the better element of North Carolinians—such -men as Robert Howe, Richard Caswell, -Francis Nash, Thomas Polk, Alexander Lillington, -Griffith Rutherford, and others who afterwards won -fame in the Revolution—he used every effort to aid -Governor Tryon in suppressing the excesses and riots -of the Regulators, and received the official thanks of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -His Excellency for the “truly public spirit” displayed -by him in the prosecution of this work. He did not, -however personally participate in the Alamance campaign, -as the regiments of his section of the colony -were not called into active service.</p> - -<p>In religion, Colonel Buncombe was a member of the -Church of England, and, when he left the West Indies, -a chaplain is said to have accompanied his household -to North Carolina.</p> - -<p>In the several years preceding the outbreak of the -Revolution, the patriots of North Carolina were boldly -preparing for any emergency which might arise. As -early as April 26, 1774, William Hooper had asserted -in a letter addressed to Judge Iredell, that the colonies -were “striding fast to independence, and ere long -would build an empire upon the ruins of Great Britain; -would adopt its constitution purged of its impurities, -and from an experience of its defects guard against -those evils which had wasted its vigor and brought it -to an untimely end.”<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> These were troublous times—times -calling for men of high purpose and courageous -bearing, who, in the face of King, Parliament and -Royal Governor, would boldly contend for the rights -which were as dear to them as to the people of England. -Nor was courage alone sufficient to cope with -King George’s representatives in Carolina. Political -dexterity played no small part in the controversies of -that day. Some years prior to the time of which we -treat, when the British Parliament passed the Stamp -Act, more resistance, and armed resistance, too, was -encountered in North Carolina than anywhere else. -But no resistance came from the Assembly, for Governor -Tryon prorogued that body to prevent official -action. This prorogation also prevented the Assembly -from later electing delegates to what is known as the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -Stamp Act Congress. Tryon’s trickery worked so -well that his successor, Governor Josiah Martin, -decided to play a similar game in 1774. A controversy -arising over the laws establishing courts in the colony, -and the King’s instructions being at variance with the -ideas of the Assembly, that body refused to yield; and -Governor Martin thereupon put a stop to proceedings -by proroguing it. He also determined not to re-convene -it until the members were more inclined to obey -the royal will. This latter purpose being divulged -by the governor’s private secretary to John Harvey, -that bold statesman determined that an independent -assembly, or convention, should be called. He left -New Bern, the seat of government, and, on the third -of April, discussed the matter with Willie Jones. -The night following found him at Buncombe Hall, in -the county of Tyrrell. At this place Mr. Harvey -confided his plan to Samuel Johnston and Colonel -Buncombe.<a name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> These notables were impressed with the -gravity of the situation, and the night was far spent -ere their consultation came to an end. Referring to -this conference, in his History of North Carolina,<a name="FNanchor_H_8" id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> -Moore says: “Buncombe was impulsive and impressionable, -but Johnston was the embodiment of caution -and deliberation. He was full of determination -to resist Lord North’s measures, but he feared the -effects of too much popular power. These eminent -men, with Hooper, John Ashe, Caswell, Person, and -others, at once acceded to Harvey’s proposition, and -the ball of the Revolution was put in motion.”</p> - -<p>Despite Governor Martin’s frantic proclamation forbidding -its meeting, the independent convention -gathered in New Bern on the 25th of August, 1774.<a name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -No assembly of its kind had ever before convened in -America. It was followed by others of like character. -Delegates to the Continental Congress were elected. -The breach with Great Britain became wider, and -finally, as a last resort, independence was declared. -And it may be well just here to observe that North -Carolina was the very first colony to authorize a -national declaration of independence, when in the -Provincial or State Congress at Halifax on April 12, -1776, Cornelius Harnett submitted a committee report -(which was unanimously adopted), setting forth a -resolution: “that the delegates for this colony in the -Continental Congress be impowered to concur with the -delegates of the other colonies in <i>declaring independency</i>.” -This was more than a month before the passage -of the famous Virginia resolutions; and even those -who question the genuineness of the Mecklenburg -Declaration of Independence have never attempted -to disprove the authenticity of this resolution adopted -by the Provincial Congress at Halifax. So North -Carolina will ever claim the proud distinction of having -been first to move for independence, as she was also -first to offer resistance to the Stamp Act. The preamble -to the above resolve in favor of independence is a -masterly vindication of the course pursued by the -colonies, and should be read of all men.<a name="FNanchor_J_10" id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a></p> - -<p>As well may be supposed, a man of Colonel Buncombe’s -spirit and patriotism was not the person to hold -back from participation in a war, however perilous, -which he himself had been instrumental in bringing -about. On September 9, 1775, he was elected Colonel -of the militia forces of Tyrrell County<a name="FNanchor_K_11" id="FNanchor_K_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_K_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a> by the Provincial -Congress of North Carolina, then in session at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -Halifax. He fulfilled the duties of this position for -about seven months, and, on the 17th of April, 1776, -was transferred to the regular service, being made -Colonel of the Fifth Regiment of North Carolina -troops in the Continental Line.<a name="FNanchor_L_12" id="FNanchor_L_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_L_12" class="fnanchor">[L]</a> During the period -intervening between its organization and the time -when ordered to the field, the Fifth Regiment was -maintained at his private expense. On May 7, 1776, -the appointment of Colonel Buncombe was confirmed -by the Continental Congress,<a name="FNanchor_M_13" id="FNanchor_M_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_M_13" class="fnanchor">[M]</a> and his regiment was -assigned to General Francis Nash’s brigade. This -brigade was made up at Wilmington, North Carolina, -in the Summer of 1776, and remained in that vicinity -till November of the same year. Having been ordered -to join Washington’s army, then operating in the -north, General Nash and his troops set out from Wilmington -about the 15th of November, and, on reaching -the town of Halifax, were ordered back south, the -object being to keep the British from entering Georgia -by way of St. Augustine. No sooner, however, had -Charleston been reached, than orders were again countermanded. -Thereupon the brigade marched to Haddrell’s -Point, opposite Fort Sullivan, South Carolina, -at which place it remained in the forces which were -there opposing the operations of Sir Henry Clinton. -In March, 1777, orders were again given the North Carolina -brigade to join Washington. Moving up through -North Carolina and Virginia, and crossing the Potomac -near Alexandria, the main army was finally -reached on the Jersey side of the Delaware River, at -Middlebrook. The accession of these brave North -Carolinians was gladly hailed by Washington, and -they were given a thundering welcome in the shape of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> -“a salutation of thirteen cannon, each fired thirteen -times.”<a name="FNanchor_N_14" id="FNanchor_N_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_N_14" class="fnanchor">[N]</a></p> - - - -<p>At Alexandria, in the latter part of May, the march -of Nash’s brigade had been delayed to inoculate the -troops against small-pox.</p> - -<p>Early in July, the North Carolinians, together with -the other troops around Philadelphia, were detailed -to complete the fortifications on the Delaware River.<a name="FNanchor_O_15" id="FNanchor_O_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_O_15" class="fnanchor">[O]</a></p> - -<p>On the 14th of August, 1777, while the Continental -forces were in camp at Trenton, we find Colonel Buncombe -and the other field-officers of Nash’s brigade -uniting in a protest against a Pennsylvanian, Colonel -Edward Hand, being made a brigadier-general to command -North Carolina troops, <i>vice</i> General James -Moore, who had recently died.<a name="FNanchor_P_16" id="FNanchor_P_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_P_16" class="fnanchor">[P]</a> While not questioning -Colonel Hand’s merit, they declared that the appointment -of any outsider would be a “reflection on -North Carolina and a stab at military honour throughout -the continent in general.” The memorial also -contained some rather unpleasant references to Thomas -Burke (then a delegate from North Carolina in the -Continental Congress), and charged him with neglecting -the interests of the State he represented to advance -one of his own countrymen—he and Hand both being -natives of Ireland. Burke was so enraged thereby -that he declared, referring to the signers of the protest: -“Their behaviour in this instance has determined -me to forego all particular attention to them. I hope -they will so distinguish themselves that their merit -alone will be sufficient for their promotion, without -standing in need of any assistance which I could give.” -Whether Doctor Burke did forego all particular attention<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -to the North Carolinians does not appear, -but he certainly succeeded in his efforts to secure the -promotion of Hand, who, it is a pleasure to add, rendered -long and honorable service during the war, and -held a major-general’s commission in the regular army -after the return of peace.</p> - -<p>On the 11th day of September, 1777, was fought the -battle of Brandywine, and here Colonel Buncombe’s -regiment was actively engaged. In this conflict, the -North Carolina brigade and Greene’s division were -ranged in the centre of the American Army.<a name="FNanchor_Q_17" id="FNanchor_Q_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_Q_17" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a> Being -ordered to support the right wing (then sorely pressed), -their absence left the troops under General Wayne to -cope alone with a vastly superior force of the enemy. -After a brave and bloody resistance, Wayne was -forced to retire, and the day was lost.</p> - -<p>After his reverses at Brandywine, the never-despairing -Washington drew together his forces and prepared -again to attack. He was, in truth, a leader whom no -disaster could appall.</p> - -<p>The next scene of action was at Germantown, Pennsylvania. -This fight occurred on the 4th of October, -and was destined to be Colonel Buncombe’s last battle, -for there he received the wound which ultimately -caused his death while a prisoner in the hands of the -British. The brigade of North Carolinians was selected -by the commander-in-chief to act as a part of the -reserve corps at Germantown, but it may be questioned -if it would have suffered more terribly if placed in the -van. The brave General Nash, with his thigh shattered -by a solid shot,<a name="FNanchor_R_18" id="FNanchor_R_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_R_18" class="fnanchor">[R]</a> and fainting from the loss of -blood, was borne to a near-by house and lingered only<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -three days. Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Irwin of Buncombe’s -regiment (the Fifth), Captain Jacob Turner -of the Third, and Lieutenant John McCann of the -Sixth North Carolina, lay dead on the field. Major -William Polk of the Ninth, received a shot in the -face, which, for a time, deprived him of the power -of speech. Captain John Armstrong of the Second, -Lieutenant Joshua Hadley of the Sixth, and Ensign -John Daves of the Second, were also among the -wounded, as were doubtless many others, of whom, -unfortunately, we have now no record.</p> - -<p>And the privates! How many of those forgotten -heroes shed their blood and gave up their lives, as -freely as did the officers, will never be known. May -their devotion be rewarded in a better world.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“’Tis to the virtue of such men, man owes</div> -<div class="indent">His portion in the good that heaven bestows;</div> -<div class="verse">And when recording history displays</div> -<div class="indent">Feats of renown, though wrought in ancient days—</div> -<div class="verse">Tells of a few stout hearts that fought, and died,</div> -<div class="indent">Where duty placed them, at their country’s side—</div> -<div class="verse">The man that is not moved with what he reads,</div> -<div class="indent">That takes not fire at their heroic deeds,</div> -<div class="verse">Unworthy of the blessings of the brave,</div> -<div class="indent">Is base in kind, and born to be a slave.”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>When struck down on the field of Germantown, -Colonel Buncombe was left for dead by the retreating<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -Americans and lay where he fell until the next day, -when a British officer recognized him as an old schoolmate -and had him removed to Philadelphia. There he -was paroled within the city limits. His wound at first -yielded to treatment, and it was thought he would -recover. But as life dragged on, he realized that the -weakened state of his constitution could not longer -withstand continued privation. Being in great financial -straits, and his physical condition growing worse day -by day, he at last applied to Sir William Howe, the -British commandant of Philadelphia, for leave to go as -a paroled prisoner either to England or to North Carolina; -but, if this request was ever granted, he did not -avail himself of the privilege. Fearing that the motives -which prompted his application had been misconstrued, -he addressed to General Washington a letter, -the original of which is now in possession of the Goelet -family, Washington having returned it to one of that -connection, after the Revolution, as a memorial of its -brave author. Following is the communication in -full:</p> - -<blockquote> -<p><i>Sir</i>,</p> - -<p>As I deem myself accountable to you, as my General, for every part -of my conduct, permit this letter to speak what in person I cannot -deliver.</p> - -<p>Distressed I have been, repeatedly soliciting a supply of money -from camp, yet hitherto I have not been obliged. I never was accustomed -to adversity. Let the feelings of Your Excellency’s heart -speak for me.</p> - -<p>It is true I have my failings. Human nature will operate no perfection. -But, as an officer, have I in any shape or respect disgraced my -regiment? Have I not been anxious to fight for America? Can one -of Your Excellency’s officers accuse me of cowardice?</p> - -<p>Prompted by my distress, I was inevitably compelled to apply to -His Excellency General Sir William Howe either for a parole to the -southward or to Britain. Here I cannot command hard money; -there I can.</p> - -<p>The exigency of my case, I am persuaded, will point out the expediency -of my adopted measure. I request that you will not think my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -departure from America a desertion of it. Always amenable to my -General’s call, in six months I shall be ready to obey your orders if -you think proper to have me exchanged.</p> - -<p>I have the honor to be, with sincerity, Your Excellency’s</p> - -<p class="indentleft5">Very respectful and obed’t serv’t,</p> -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">E. Buncombe</span>.</p> - -<p>To<br /> -<span class="indentleft1">His Excellency</span><br /> -<span class="indentleft3">General Washington,</span><br /> -<span class="indentleft5">Commander-in-Chief</span><br /> -<span class="indentleft7">of the Forces of the United Colonies.</span> -</p></blockquote> - -<p>The unfortunate captive, by whom this letter was -written, never lived to enjoy the freedom he so much -loved. He was, at times, addicted to somnambulism; -and about the middle of May, 1778, while walking in -his sleep, fell down a flight of stairs. This accident -caused his wound to open afresh; and, before assistance -could avail, he bled to death.</p> - -<p>Thus passed the spirit of Edward Buncombe, soldier -and gentleman—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="indent4">“Than whom, knight</div> -<div class="verse">Was never dubbed, more bold in fight;</div> -<div class="verse">Nor, when from war and armor free,</div> -<div class="verse">More famed for stately courtesy.”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>And when they buried him, an entry was made on -the parish-register of Christ Church, Philadelphia, -noting the interment of <i>Cornelius</i> Buncombe; while -many North Carolina historians, in later years, have -given his first name as Richard! This consideration -for his memory brings to mind Byron’s remark on -reading of the death, at Waterloo, of an old college-mate: -“There is fame! A man is killed. His name -is Grose, and they print it Grove.”</p> - -<p>The death of Colonel Buncombe occurred at the -house of a Mrs. Kendall. This we learn from a letter -written on July 22, 1778, by Thomas Franklin, a Philadelphia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -Quaker, to General Benedict Arnold (then -in the American service), giving a list of Buncombe’s -effects, “left in ye hands of ye widow Edy Kendall, -where he lodged last and died.”</p> - -<p>During Colonel Buncombe’s service in the army, he -was accompanied by a faithful slave, Charles, and to -this negro he bequeathed freedom. The following -reference to him is found in a letter from the Reverend -Adam Boyd, Brigade-Chaplain in the North Carolina -Line, dated in camp, at White Plains, New York, -August 24, 1778: “Charles, I believe is entitled to his -freedom. The Colonel has often been heard to say he -should not serve anyone after his death; and some of -his officers have heard him say he had, in his will, -ordered him his freedom. A law of our State forbids -such emancipation without the consent of the court -of that county in which the master usually resides. -But an appeal to that law in this case I do not think -would be right, because it would defeat the testator’s -intention, which I think should be held sacred. Though -I think it would be easy for his heirs, should they -avail themselves of the law, to enslave Charles for life, -I hope such a thing will not be attempted. The principal -object of this law was to prevent the discharge -of slaves that were not able to earn their living—a -cruel practice which had scandalously prevailed to -avoid paying taxes, from which old age or other infirmities -do not exempt slaves.” The will, by which -Charles was supposed to be emancipated, could not -be found among Colonel Buncombe’s papers, but the -negro was allowed to go free in deference to his late -owner’s expressed wish. The only will found was one -which had been made before the war.</p> - -<p>The spot where Colonel Buncombe lies buried is not -marked, but it is somewhere within the “additional -church-yard” of the parish of Christ Church, on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -corner of Arch and Fifth Streets, Philadelphia. In -this enclosure are also deposited the remains of Benjamin -Franklin, and other patriots; while not many -miles off sleep Nash, Irwin, Turner, McCann, and -their brave comrades, who counted not life above liberty. -And North Carolina should little grieve that -her sons are left on the soil of Pennsylvania. There -they fell, fighting for the common cause of America; -there let them rest.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“The neighing troop, the flashing blade,</div> -<div class="indent">The bugle’s stirring blast,</div> -<div class="verse">The charge, the dreadful cannonade,</div> -<div class="indent">The din and shout are past;</div> -<div class="verse">Nor war’s wild note nor glory’s peal</div> -<div class="indent">Shall thrill with fierce delight</div> -<div class="verse">Those breasts that nevermore may feel</div> -<div class="indent">The rapture of the fight.”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>As a grateful tribute to the memory of Colonel Buncombe, -the General Assembly of North Carolina, at -its session of 1791, created a new county just westward -of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and called it in his -honor. This is a monument which will stand when -the proudest memorials of our day have become misshapen -masses of stone. For ages it will tell of the -brave soldier who fought for his country’s freedom -and now sleeps in a forgotten grave, awaiting the last -summons when the earth and the sea shall give up -their dead. Peaceful be his rest!—and may generations -yet to come draw inspiration from the life he led.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak">FOOTNOTES:</h2></div> - - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Memoir of the Life of Josiah Quincey, Jun., by his son Josiah Quincey, pp. -120, 121.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX., p. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> These portraits were afterwards destroyed in a fire when the residence of Dr. -Edward H. Goelet, of Goldsborough, N. C. was burned—M. DeL. H.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> Mrs. Ann Booth Pollock Cox is interred in the old burial ground of St. Paul’s -Church, Edenton, N. C. On her monument is an elaborate inscription relative to -the military record of her grandfather Colonel Buncombe.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. VIII, pp. 705, 707.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell Jones, p. 314.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell Jones, p. 124.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> Vol. I., p. 163.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span class="label">[I]</span></a> Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. IX., p. 1041.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> For full text of preamble and resolutions, see Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. -X., p. 512; Defence of North Carolina, by Jo. Seawell Jones, p. 251.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_K_11" id="Footnote_K_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_11"><span class="label">[K]</span></a> Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. X., p. 205.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_L_12" id="Footnote_L_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_L_12"><span class="label">[L]</span></a> Colonial Records of N. C., Vol. X., p. 520.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_M_13" id="Footnote_M_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_M_13"><span class="label">[M]</span></a> American Archives (4th Series), Vol. V., p. 1698.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_N_14" id="Footnote_N_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_N_14"><span class="label">[N]</span></a> This account of the movements of Nash’s brigade is partly from narrative of -Hugh McDonald in old series of North Carolina University Magazine (1853-’56, -II., 466-470; IV., 158-162; V., 28-31, 208-211, 360-363), and partly from State Records.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_O_15" id="Footnote_O_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_O_15"><span class="label">[O]</span></a> State Records of N. C., Vol. XI., p. 733.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_P_16" id="Footnote_P_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_P_16"><span class="label">[P]</span></a> State Records of N. C., Vol. XI., pp. 562, 750.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_Q_17" id="Footnote_Q_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Q_17"><span class="label">[Q]</span></a> State Records of N. C., Vol. XI. page 621.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_R_18" id="Footnote_R_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_R_18"><span class="label">[R]</span></a> Moore’s History (I., 248, <small>NOTE</small>) states upon the authority of my father, the late -Dr. Richard B. Haywood, that Col. William Polk said that Gen. Nash received his -mortal wound from a shot through the eyes. That Col. Polk also made this statement -to persons other than Dr. Haywood appears in Dr. W. M. Polk’s biography -of Bishop Polk (I. 27), which quotes Col. Polk as saying Nash “was blind,” and -almost in syncope from loss of blood. Yet, strange as it may seem, though official -records show he was himself present and severely wounded at Germantown, Col. -Polk was mistaken in this, as will now be shown. John Penn, writing from near the -battlefield (on Oct. 10th) only three days after Nash’s death, says: “Poor General -Nash was killed by a cannon ball, with his horse.” An obituary published in the -<span class="smcap">North Carolina Gazette</span>, less than a month later (Oct. 31st), states: “The winged -Messenger of Death, a cannon ball, * * * * struck him on the thigh, tore his -body in a most dreadful manner, and killed his horse under him.” In the legislative -proceedings in honor of Gen. Nash (Nov. 19th), less than six weeks after his -death, it appears that he “received a wound from a cannon ball; and, after languishing -some days * * * * closed his useful life.” See State Records of North -Carolina, Vol. XI., pp. 649, 789; Ibid., Vol. XII., p. 279. Pennsylvania accounts -also say Nash was killed by a cannon ball which struck him on the thigh. The -statement by Col. Polk was made when he was a very old man, fifty years or more -after the battle; hence his mistake may have been caused by confusing Gen. Nash -with some other wounded officer at Germantown who may have been shot through -the eyes. Col. Polk’s second wife was a sister of Dr. Haywood’s mother.</p></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="transnote"> - -<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Colonel Edward Buncombe, Fifth North -Carolina Continental Regiment, by Marshall DeLancey Haywood - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLONEL EDWARD BUNCOMBE *** - -***** This file should be named 62397-h.htm or 62397-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/3/9/62397/ - -Produced by David E. 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