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diff --git a/old/62327-h/62327-h.htm b/old/62327-h/62327-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 6176bed..0000000 --- a/old/62327-h/62327-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7065 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html - PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> -<title>Historical and descriptive sketches of the town and soke of Horncastle, by George Weir</title> - <style type="text/css"> -/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ -<!-- - P { margin-top: .75em; - margin-bottom: .75em; - } - P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} - P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } - .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } - H1, H2 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - } - H3, H4, H5 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - } - BODY{margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - } - table { border-collapse: collapse; } -table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} - td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} - td p { margin: 0.2em; } - .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ - - .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - - .pagenum {position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: small; - text-align: right; - font-weight: normal; - color: gray; - } - img { border: none; } - img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } - p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } - p.gutlist { margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -1em} - div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } - div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} - div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; - margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid; } - div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; - margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - .citation {vertical-align: super; - font-size: .5em; - text-decoration: none;} - span.red { color: red; } - body {background-color: #ffffc0; } - img.floatleft { float: left; - margin-right: 1em; - margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.floatright { float: right; - margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.clearcenter {display: block; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em} - --> - /* XML end ]]>*/ - </style> -<link rel='coverpage' href='images/cover.jpg' /> -</head> -<body> -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Historical and descriptive sketches of the -town and soke of Horncastle, by George Weir, Illustrated by Thomas Espin - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Historical and descriptive sketches of the town and soke of Horncastle - in the county of Lincoln and several places adjacent [1822] - - -Author: George Weir - - - -Release Date: December 31, 2020 [eBook #62327] -[This file was first posted on June 5, 2020] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE -SKETCHES OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE*** -</pre> -<p>Transcribed from the 1822 Sherwood, Neely, And Jones edition -by David Price.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/fpb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Remains of the Roman Wall, Horncastle. Drawn by Tho.s Espin -F.S.A." -title= -"Remains of the Roman Wall, Horncastle. Drawn by Tho.s Espin -F.S.A." - src="images/fps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h1><span class="GutSmall">HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE</span><br -/> -SKETCHES<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">OF THE</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">TOWN AND SOKE</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br /> -HORNCASTLE,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">IN THE</span><br /> -COUNTY OF LINCOLN,</h1> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND -SEVERAL</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center">PLACES ADJACENT,</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">EMBELLISHED -WITH ENGRAVINGS.</span></p> - -<div class="gapshortdoubleline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">BY GEORGE WEIR.</p> - -<div class="gapshortdoubleline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><b>SECOND -EDITION.</b></span></p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">LONDON:<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY SHERWOOD, -NEELY, AND JONES,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">PATERNOSTER-ROW.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">SOLD AT -HORNCASTLE BY WEIR AND SON.</span></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">1822.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p><a name="pageii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. ii</span><span -class="GutSmall">Printed by Weir and Son,</span><br /> - - -<span class="GutSmall">Horncastle.</span></p> -<h2><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -iii</span>ADVERTISEMENT.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> first impression of this work -being sold off, and copies still enquired for, a second edition -has been prepared for publication. In this edition the -Author has taken care to insert such additional information -respecting the places described in the former impression, as he -has been able to procure. A view of the Monastic Remains at -Tupholme, together with a short description of the place, is also -added; and for the drawing from which this view is engraved, the -Author has to acknowledge his obligation to Mr. Espin, of Louth, -who kindly furnished several of the former views.</p> -<p>In order to reduce the price of the book as much as possible, -the ancient and modern plans of Horncastle, together with the -Appendix, consisting chiefly of charters, which were included in -the first edition, in this are omitted.</p> -<p>August 15, 1822.</p> -<h2><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -v</span>CONTENTS.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p><span class="smcap">Horncastle</span></p> -</td> -<td><p>Situation</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">Page <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page1">1</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>During the Roman and Saxon Governments</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page3">3</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Manor</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>During the Civil Wars in the Reign of Charles the -First</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Antiquities</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Grammar School</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The River Bane and Navigable Canal</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Present State of the Town, Fairs, Markets, &c.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Soke of -Horncastle</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Thimbleby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>West Ashby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Low Tointon</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>High Tointon</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Mareham on the Hill</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Roughton</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Haltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page44">44</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Wood Enderby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Moorby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Wilksby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Mareham le Fen</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page46">46</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Coningsby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page47">47</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Langriville and Thornton le Fen</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Population</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Baumber</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page53">53</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Edlington</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Tupholme</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page57">57</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Somersby</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Scrivelsby</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><a name="pagevi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -vi</span><span class="smcap">Bolingbroke</span></p> -</td> -<td><p>Situation</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page66">66</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Manor</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page66">66</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Castle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page71">71</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Town</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page72">72</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Revesby</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page74">74</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>Memoir of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Kirkstead</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page81">81</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><span class="smcap">Tattershall</span></p> -</td> -<td><p>Situation</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Manor</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Castle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page86">86</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Collegiate Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page89">89</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p>The Town</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page95">95</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Tower on the -Moor</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p><span class="smcap">Geology and Natural -History</span></p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2>EMBELLISHMENTS.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Frontispiece, Roman Wall at Horncastle, to -face the title.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Roman Urns found at Horncastle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ancient British Coin</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page25">25</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>North-East View of Horncastle Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page27">27</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, -Esquire</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page53">53</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Remains of Tupholme Abbey</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page57">57</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ancient Cross at Somersby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in -1813</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page71">71</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Revesby Abbey, Seat of Lady Banks</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page75">75</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Kirkstead Chapel</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page82">82</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground -Plan</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page87">87</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South-East</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Tower on the Moor</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Geological Map</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -1</span>HORNCASTLE.</h2> -<h3>SITUATION.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Horncastle</span> is pleasantly situated -at the foot of that bold and even range of Hills, which, from -their openness, have been termed the wolds. It is nearly in -the centre of the Lindsey division of the county of Lincoln, and -is the chief of a soke of fifteen parishes to which it gives -name.</p> -<p>The principal part of the town is built within an angle formed -by the confluence of two rivers, the Bane and the Waring, where -an ancient fortification formerly stood, the scite of which is -still visible, denoting it in early times to have been a station -of importance.</p> -<p><a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>The -character of the place however is now completely changed. -From a military station it has become a situation of trade; and -owing to its being surrounded by a considerable number of -villages, possesses one of the largest markets in the county.</p> -<p>Its distance from the city of Lincoln is twenty-one miles, and -eighteen from the town of Boston.</p> -<h3><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -3</span>HORNCASTLE DURING THE ROMAN AND SAXON GOVERNMENTS.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Before</span> the invasion of Britain by -the Romans, whilst yet the island was divided into independent -states, the present scite of Horncastle with its immediate -neighbourhood was doubtless appropriated, like the rest of the -country of the Coritani, to the pasturing of herds and -flocks. In the formation of settlements no other -circumstances influenced the Britons than the conveniences which -might be afforded them in their accustomed occupations. -Vallies fertilized by streams, and the contiguous hills would -supply food for their cattle and sheep, whilst the neighbourhood -of forests invited to the pursuits of the chase. The rich -tracts of open grass land stretching along the banks of the river -Bane, and its tributary stream, would be populously occupied by -the pastoral inhabitants of this district. Hence it may be -presumed, that when the weak efforts of the Coritani for -independence had left them vanquished by the victorious arms of -the Romans, under Ostorius Scapula, and finally a tributary state -by the more efficient achievements of Suetonius Paulinus, this -portion of the country was soon secured by fixing on the present -scite of Horncastle a military station. From the almost -imperishable masses of the ancient wall which still remain, and -by the numerous coins, urns, and other vestiges of the Roman -people which have been found in this place, and are still met -with in turning up the soil, it evidently became in process of -time a station of considerable importance. It is difficult -however to make any definite suggestions as to the period at -which the fortifications were erected, no inscription having been -found to throw light upon the subject.</p> -<p>To secure by effectual barriers against insurrections, the -conquests which had already been made, whilst yet the bordering -people to the north, the fierce and powerful Brigantes, remained -unsubdued, might be deemed by the Romans a sufficient inducement -for raising frequent and effectual military works among the -inhabitants of this state: for it was not until Petillius -Cerealis was appointed by the emperor Vespasian to the command in -the province of Britain, that this hitherto <a -name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>unbridled -nation were either conquered or involved in all the calamities of -warfare. Though there be no precise data by which the -decision may be guided, as to the time of the earlier military -erections which were formed at this place; yet it cannot be -ascribed to a much later period than the above occurrences so -intimately connected. At all events, it may not be -considered posterior to the effects which resulted from the wise -policy of Agricola. Immediately on his arrival to assume -the command, he placed along the frontiers of the several -subjugated districts, a chain of fortresses: these were -constructed with so much care and judgment, that the inhabitants -of those parts where the Roman arms had not then penetrated, -could never consider themselves secure from the vigor of the -conqueror. <a name="citation4a"></a><a href="#footnote4a" -class="citation">[4a]</a> The people, soon after this, -completed their submission to the yoke by yielding to the -allurements of Roman manners. Their ferocity was tamed: -from a savage people running wild in woods, they became -cultivated, acquiring knowledge, and dwelling in towns; and -finally sweetened their slavery, by indulging in the pleasures of -polished life.</p> -<p>From the circumstances of this station being situated on the -river Bane, several antiquaries have concurred in fixing here the -<span class="smcap">Banovallum</span> of the Roman geographer -Ravennas. This opinion has been the more readily adopted -from the etymology of the name; the latter part of the word being -Latin, and the whole collectively signifying a fortification on -the Bane. It is indeed probable that the Romans were -induced at first to make a station at this place, from its -convenient situation, easily rendered defensible by a -<i>vallum</i>, or temporary barrier, drawn across the aperture of -the two rivers from one bank to the other, and thence came its -designation. Afterwards they built the indissoluble stone -wall, whose vestiges after the lapse of ages are manifest nearly -the whole compass round. <a name="citation4b"></a><a -href="#footnote4b" class="citation">[4b]</a> It is to be -regretted that Ravennas gives no distances: he merely places -<span class="smcap">Banovallum</span> next after <span -class="smcap">Lindum</span>, so that nothing decidedly certain -can be gained from his work.</p> -<p>But, though it cannot be positively ascertained that this spot -was the Roman <span class="smcap">Banovallum</span>; yet, as the -name most evidently points out a fortification on the river Bane, -there appears little reason to question it; both from its -contiguity to the colony of <span class="smcap">Lindum</span>, -with which place <a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -5</span>it had communication by means of a military road; as also -from its situation; particularly as no other remains of the -Romans have been discovered on that river, nor yet any near to -it, except some coins at the village of Ludford, where the Bane -has its source; and traces of an encampment at Tattershall, more -than a mile distant from its banks. <a name="citation5a"></a><a -href="#footnote5a" class="citation">[5a]</a></p> -<p>In what circumstances this station was involved from the final -subjugation of the Britons by Agricola, under whose paternal -government the province felt some portion of enjoyment in -cultivating the arts of peace, is not known: but, from the -evidence of antiquities, it is perceptible that it continued a -place of importance down to the period when the Romans in the -decline of their empire had withdrawn from Britain; though -probably, in the security of a long abstraction from war, its -military strength was somewhat disregarded. No sooner -however had the necessities and the mistaken policy of the -enervated inhabitants, again left to themselves, called to their -assistance the warlike Saxons, against the eruptions of the -northern barbarians, than we find this place agitated, in common -with the rest of the country, by all the calamities which were -connected with the desperate contests which ensued: the Britons -having to struggle for liberty, against the eagerness for -dominion on the part of the victorious Saxons. These -people, according to the practice which prevailed amongst them of -changing the names of Roman stations, gave to this place the -appellation of <span class="smcap">Hyrncastre</span> or <span -class="smcap">Hornecastre</span>, from its situation in an angle -formed by the junction of the two rivers, which denotes a -fortification in a corner, of which the present name <span -class="smcap">Horncastle</span> is evidently a corruption.</p> -<p>The Roman fortress was at that time either destroyed, or in a -very dilapidated state: for Horsa, the Saxon general and brother -of Hengist is stated to have enstrengthened the fortress of -Horncastle. This fortification however did not continue -long; for Horsa being defeated in an engagement with the Britons, -under the command of Raengeires, at the neighbouring village of -Tetford, Vortimer king of the Britons caused it to be beaten down -and rendered defenceless. <a name="citation5b"></a><a -href="#footnote5b" class="citation">[5b]</a></p> -<h3><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>THE -MANOR.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">By</span> the record called Domesday, -compiled towards the latter end of the reign of William the -Conqueror, it appears that the manor of Horncastle, previous to -the close of the Saxon Government, belonged to Editha the queen -of Edward the Confessor; but at the time of making that survey, -it formed, together with the soke, part of the possessions of the -king. <a name="citation6a"></a><a href="#footnote6a" -class="citation">[6a]</a></p> -<p>When the manor was separated from the crown does not appear; -but in the reign of Stephen it was the demesne of Alice or -Adelias de Cundi, who resided at her castle here, which leaves it -to be concluded that she held it by inheritance from her father. -<a name="citation6b"></a><a href="#footnote6b" -class="citation">[6b]</a> As she took part against the king -in his contention with the Empress Maud, he seized her lands, but -restored them again on condition that she should demolish her -castle, the means which had served to render her political -alliance formidable to his interest. <a name="citation6c"></a><a -href="#footnote6c" class="citation">[6c]</a> What may have -been the extent and nature of the structure possessed as the -mansion of Adelias is not now discoverable, no traces being to be -found; but its strength most probably consisted in a restoration -of the walls of the Roman fortress, which encircling some -convenient and less durable edifice, gave to the place of her -residence the security of a castle.</p> -<p>The restitution by Stephen of these lands to Adelias de Cundi, -seems to have been only for life, as her heir did not succeed -thereto; for this manor came again to the crown, and was -afterwards given by Henry the second to Gerbald le Escald, a -Fleming, who held it for one knight’s fee, and who was -succeeded by his grandson or nephew and heir Gerrard de -Rhodes. <a name="citation6d"></a><a href="#footnote6d" -class="citation">[6d]</a> Gerrard was succeeded by his son -and heir Ralph de Rhodes, who, in the reign of Henry the third, -sold the manor to <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -7</span>Walter Mauclerke, the third Bishop of Carlisle, who also -held the office of Treasurer of the Exchequer. This sale -being made in the spirit of these times when the feodal system -prevailed, the bishop and his successors were to hold the estate -by the performance of suit and service to Ralph de Rhodes and his -heirs. In the fourteenth year of the same reign, the -transfer to Walter Mauclerke was confirmed by the king, who in -the same year also granted to him three several charters, -conferring those immunities upon the manor and soke, which served -to raise the town of Horncastle from the dependence of a village, -to become in some degree the mart of the surrounding country.</p> -<p>The first of these charters gave to the bishop free warren -over the manor and the soke: the second the liberty of holding an -annual fair at this place, which was to commence two days before -the eve of the feast of St. Barnabas, and to continue eight days: -the third had for its objects the empowering of the bishop to try -felons, and to hold a court leet; also the exemption of the -inhabitants of the manor and the soke from toll, and several -other payments and services, beside protecting them from arrest -by the officers of the king and the sheriff. <a -name="citation7a"></a><a href="#footnote7a" -class="citation">[7a]</a> An additional charter was granted -in the following year enabling the bishop to hold a weekly market -here every Wednesday; and also another annual fair to commence on -the eve of the feast of St. Lawrence, and to continue seven days. -<a name="citation7b"></a><a href="#footnote7b" -class="citation">[7b]</a> The custom of holding a fair on -the anniversary of this festival appears to have prevailed at an -earlier period, it being alluded to in the charter granting the -former fair.</p> -<p>In the same reign, Gerrard, the son and heir of Ralph de -Rhodes, appears to have preferred his claim to this manor, which -had been sold by his father; perhaps in consequence of some -omission in the performance of those services by which the estate -was to be held. <a name="citation7c"></a><a href="#footnote7c" -class="citation">[7c]</a> His claim does not appear to have -been successful; for in the seventeenth year of the same king, -the bishop fined to hold the manor in fee, but not to alienate -without licence. <a name="citation7d"></a><a -href="#footnote7d" class="citation">[7d]</a></p> -<p>Walter Mauclerke resigned the see of Carlisle in 1246, and as -the manor devolved to his ecclesiastical successors, it may be -inferred that it had been purchased to increase the revenues of -the bishoprick, and <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -8</span>not to be appropriated as his private property. The -privileges of such essential interest to the estate, which had -already been conferred by the preceding charters, were in part -strengthened by fresh acknowledgments to the Bishops of Carlisle, -in the reigns of the two succeeding kings; Edward the first -confirming the grant of free warren, and Edward the second that -which exempts the inhabitants of the manor and soke from certain -payments and services. <a name="citation8a"></a><a -href="#footnote8a" class="citation">[8a]</a></p> -<p>At the period of Richard the second, Roger le Scrop and -Margaret his wife, with Robert Tibetot and Eve his wife, heirs -and descendants of Gerbald le Escald, appear to have advanced a -claim to this manor, and to have succeeded in obtaining letters -patent, confirming to them homage and service from the -ecclesiastical possessor. <a name="citation8b"></a><a -href="#footnote8b" class="citation">[8b]</a> At that time -also when the border contests had laid waste the see of Carlisle, -and divested the bishops of their seat of Rose Castle in -Cumberland, they were necessitated to take up their residence at -Horncastle, which continued for some time to be their principal -place of abode.</p> -<p>In the twenty-fifth year of Henry the sixth, that monarch -confirmed the several charters granted to the bishops as lords of -this manor, by Henry the third, and also conferred on them -numerous other privileges. <a name="citation8c"></a><a -href="#footnote8c" class="citation">[8c]</a></p> -<p>The manor continued in the possession of the Bishops of -Carlisle, until the reign of Edward the sixth, when under the -authority of a licence from the crown, it was sold by Bishop -Aldrich to Edward Lord Clinton, who, during the time he held it, -compounded with the copyhold tenants, and enfranchised their -estates; but after Mary had ascended the throne, he was compelled -to re-convey his purchase to the see of Carlisle, to which, since -that time, it has continued to belong. <a -name="citation8d"></a><a href="#footnote8d" -class="citation">[8d]</a> Bishop Aldrich died at this place -in March, 1555, the second year of the reign of Queen Mary: from -which it appears, that the estate had either been restored -previous to his decease; or, in the conditions of the sale he had -reserved to himself the privilege of residing in the manor house. -<a name="citation8e"></a><a href="#footnote8e" -class="citation">[8e]</a></p> -<p><a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>In the -sixteenth year of the reign of Charles the second, the several -charters which had before been granted to the possessors of this -manor were again acknowledged, and the privileges further -extended. <a name="citation9a"></a><a href="#footnote9a" -class="citation">[9a]</a></p> -<p>Queen Elizabeth had a lease of this manor from the then -possessing bishop, in which she was succeeded by James the first, -who assigned it to Sir Edward Clinton, knight; but owing to a -neglect of enrollment, it proved void. <a -name="citation9b"></a><a href="#footnote9b" -class="citation">[9b]</a> For nearly a century the lease -was held by the late Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet, -and his ancestors, and it is now held in trust for the benefit of -his devisees.</p> -<p>The large tract of fen land, situated between this place and -Boston, at a very early period belonged to the lords of this -manor, in conjunction with the lords of the manors of Bolingbroke -and Scrivelsby; but by the grants which they gave to the -neighbouring abbies at Revesby and Kirkstead, their right therein -became comparatively small. <a name="citation9c"></a><a -href="#footnote9c" class="citation">[9c]</a> On the -enclosure of these fens, pursuant to Act of Parliament, in 1801, -about six hundred acres were annexed to the parish of Horncastle, -eighty-one acres of which were allotted to the lord of the manor; -the remainder to the owners of common-right houses.</p> -<p>The parochial extent of Horncastle, exclusive of the fen -allotment, is about one thousand three hundred acres, two hundred -and fifty of which are contained in the manorial estates.</p> -<p>The house where the bishops used to reside, a spacious -structure, but destitute of architectural merit, was situated at -the north-west corner of the ancient fortress. It was -demolished about the year 1770, when the present manor house was -erected on its scite.</p> -<h3><a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -10</span>HORNCASTLE DURING THE CIVIL WARS IN THE<br /> -REIGN OF CHARLES THE FIRST.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Notwithstanding</span> that in this part -was born that individual of the family of Plantagenet, whose -assumption of the throne plunged the country, for half a century, -into the civil wars which nearly exterminated the ancient -nobility; yet had the soil here been unstained by the blood so -profusely shed. Partaking, in common with all, the miseries -of the land, it seemed peculiarly exempted from beholding those -contentions of the houses of York and Lancaster, which sprung -from the elevation of Henry of Bolingbroke to the sovereignty of -England. It was however otherwise when the usurpation of -unlimited power on the part of Charles the first had urged a war -between the people and the king. As peculiar circumstances -of policy and interest had brought the military operations into -these parts, it will be necessary in their detail to revert to -the conduct of the parties opposed in the opening of the war.</p> -<p>No sooner had the commons demanded concessions from the royal -prerogative, as the only security against the repeated -encroachments which had been made on the privileges of the -people, than they were impelled, by the insincerity of the -monarch, to protect the interest of the subject by every possible -means. The right of the sword was looked upon as the -exalted claim of the patriot alone; but as either party -considered themselves influenced by the sacred love of their -country, both made gradual advances to an appeal: the one to -protect the liberties of the people; the other, those general -interests which seemed connected with upholding the authority of -the king. As the commons were sensible that the monarch -would seize the first favorable opportunity to reinstate himself -in the former excess of his power, the earliest precautions were -taken in regard to the military establishments of the -country. Amongst these was secured the important fortress -of Hull, containing the arms of all the forces which had been -levied against the Scots: with these the parliament also assumed -to themselves the disposal of the militia, a force indeed -collected, but totally <a name="page11"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 11</span>untried in the conduct of war. -The king, on erecting his standard, opposed to this, as a -resource of strength, his Commission of Array. The call of -the monarch was obeyed by each county, as the political -inclinations of individuals led them, or in submission to the -influence and example of those men of fortune, with whose -interests that of their tenantry was intimately connected. <a -name="citation11a"></a><a href="#footnote11a" -class="citation">[11a]</a></p> -<p>The contest carried on in the south and in the west with -vigor, already appeared favorable to the royal cause. In -the north, however, it sustained a decided check, by the strong -hold which the parliament possessed in the garrison of Hull, then -commanded by Lord Fairfax, who, unable to maintain the field -against the Marquis of Newcastle, had there retired, determined -to repel a siege with courage and ability; and to diminish the -strength of his enemy by sudden incursions.</p> -<p>The disposable forces of the parliament, not immediately -required for the defence of Hull, were too inconsiderable to -oppose the march into the south. Notwithstanding this, the -affairs of the king were ruined by confining the efforts of a -powerful army to investing this fortress; while the active enemy, -though few in number, acquired by their boldness and intrepidity, -an effective strength in the field. When Oliver Cromwell, -then beginning to signalize himself as the companion in arms of -the young and gallant Sir Thomas Fairfax, had by a signal victory -at Gainsborough, routed the royal troops; the Marquis of -Newcastle, beholding his brother Cavendish dead, amid the noblest -and bravest of his soldiers, seemed as if awakened by the calls -of vengeance to the necessity of more extensive exertions. -He therefore suddenly decided on harassing his opponents, while -weak and inefficient, by dispatching a competent force into the -heart of Lincolnshire. Cromwell, though a conqueror, was -obliged to make a precipitate retreat; and as Lincoln was not -defensible, he hastened on the day succeeding his victory to -Boston; intending there, with the young Sir Thomas Fairfax, who -was proceeding with additional horse from Hull, to concentrate -their forces with those of the Earl of Manchester. <a -name="citation11b"></a><a href="#footnote11b" -class="citation">[11b]</a></p> -<p>The division of the royal army, destined for these parts, was -entrusted to the command of Sir John Henderson, an old and -valiant soldier, and to Sir William Widdrington, who was -appointed governor of Lincoln. As these leaders were -anxious to requite themselves for <a name="page12"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 12</span>the defeat which had so recently -crowned the conquerors with the applause of heroism, they -determined to draw the enemy to an engagement before their -reinforcements should arrive: ere this however could be effected, -Manchester, upon advice of their intention, after possessing -himself of the strong fortress of Lynn, had advanced with the -disposable part of the army of the associated counties. -Such appeared to be the mutual disposition of affairs in the -north, at the beginning of October, 1643, in the first year of -the civil war.</p> -<p>The army of the parliament, about six thousand foot, and -thirty-seven troop of horse, being concentrated at Boston, it was -determined that companies should be distributed into such parts -as might secure their early co-operation whensoever occasion -should require. Bolingbroke, defended by a castle held by -the partizans of the king, called forth into exertion their vigor -and the alacrity of their courage. <a name="citation12"></a><a -href="#footnote12" class="citation">[12]</a> This they -decided upon as the place of military operation; whilst as the -neighbourhood promised the most favorable circumstances for a -field, they would there invite the enemy on to battle. -Accordingly ten companies commanded by Major Knight, an officer -under Sir Miles Hobart, were disposed of at this place. A -regiment commanded by Colonel Russel, was quartered at Stickford, -about two miles distant; and three companies of the Earl of -Manchester’s own at the village of Stickney. The -cavalry were all distributed into the country round, for about -eight or ten miles distance.</p> -<p>In the evening after their arrival, the castle of Bolingbroke -was summoned. The answer in effect was, that “the -commander need not expect that the demands of arrogance alone -should win the castle.” From this determined reply -promising a strenuous defence, dispositions were immediately -taken to acquire it by a regular siege. The church and a -neighbouring house were occupied by the assailants, earth works -were thrown up, and the assault commenced, but without much -effect.</p> -<p>During this time, the royalists, bold, eager, and trusting -that a generous heroism would nerve them for victory, waited only -the opportunity for attack. Upon learning the arrival of -the Earl of Manchester, they lost no time in drawing out all -their military from the several garrisons of Lincoln, Newark, and -Gainsborough, still <a name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -13</span>stimulated by an undaunted resolution to find out the -enemy, and advance to the combat. Hastening on, they -arrived, early on the day previous to the battle, at the -out-posts of the parliamentary forces.</p> -<p>No sooner had a detachment from the king’s army, -advancing on the western road, been observed at Edlington, -reconnoitring the lines of their enemy, than word came to Sir -Thomas Fairfax, the commandant of the cavalry at Horncastle, that -a surprize was expected. Information was accordingly -dispatched to the Earl of Manchester: it found him at East Kirkby -hill, with Colonel Cromwell, and the Lord Willoughby of Parham, -intently observing the progress which the besiegers made against -the castle of Bolingbroke, and assiduously ordering the -dispositions of attack. Roused at this communication, -Cromwell immediately hurried to collect the troops dispersed -around. Fairfax was still every where distributing horsemen -for the purpose of enquiry, cautious to ascertain and forward -such accounts as might be obtained of the progress and number of -the royal forces; who though eager for battle, were careful to -deliberate on the promises of success. As the party who -caused the alarm, suspecting themselves seen, had drawn off with -such intelligence as they gathered, there seemed reason to -suppose that the main body of the royalists were yet at a -considerable distance: Fairfax therefore about sun set, learning -nothing additional, proceeded to the quarters at East Kirkby, to -confer on the measures proposed for the expected conflict. -In the mean time, the Earl of Manchester, with Lord Willoughby -and some other officers, had with the like object hastened to -Horncastle, previously appointing that at that place the forces -should be immediately collected; where, being drawn together, the -most effective resolutions might be taken for ensuring a victory, -or lessening the calamities of a defeat.</p> -<p>It was not until the dusk of the evening that the royal army, -under Sir John Henderson, moved rapidly on to the station of -their enemy. They had judged that the dubious light would -serve to conceal their true numbers; and that as nothing was -known of them with certainty, but their anxious readiness for the -encounter; so their opponents, whether few or many, deeming them -prepared for every casualty, might, by their indecision, leave an -easy conquest to their arms.</p> -<p>The out-posts were surprized by the precipitate advance of -these hostile forces; and in the unprepared circumstances of -those who maintained them, and the disparity of their numbers, -there was <a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -14</span>afforded them no means of encountering their -difficulties, but the hardihood of a cool intrepidity. This -indeed was a stern calmness which always pervaded the breast of a -Puritan who was a soldier. He did not untremblingly bare -his bosom to the steel because, like a Roman, he abstractedly -considered fear inconsistent with the nobler qualities of human -nature; but because the factitious enthusiasm of his religion had -taught him to look with indifference on temporal things. If -the general good required the sacrifice of his life, the -particular calamities of his family were dismissed with scarce a -thought beyond a pious supplication. It was this feeling -which finally rendered the parliament victorious in the -contest. However in this unlooked-for state the soldiers at -the out-posts were exposed to much perplexity, and many were the -dangers recited amongst them on the morning of the gathering of -their strength for the field of battle. Some finding -themselves surrounded, out-numbered, and in all the perilous -circumstances of desperate warfare, were obliged to supply by -politic conduct the helplessness of their condition. These -therefore, hastily mounting their horses, agreed with much -resolution to break through the opposing ranks, sword in hand, -with the words of mutual encouragement, “Come on! come on! -all is our own,” thinking that the royalists, by these -ambiguous shouts, fearing an ambuscade, would leave to them an -easy passage by the sudden confusion of their alarm. In -this manner about four companies encountered two thousand -cavalry, with the loss of only three men.</p> -<p>Though these warriors, taking the advantage of the darkness of -the evening, were enabled by their resolute conduct to overcome -these difficulties; yet as the royal army had already advanced -onward to Horncastle, in strong and numerous detachments, they -were exposed in their retreat thither to fresh and obstinate -encounters. Perceiving, as they approached the town, that -they had come up to another party of the royalist’s horse, -they determined, after saluting them as friends, to hurry onward -as if destined for some urgent duty. They had, however, -scarce passed them, when flushed with the success of their -stratagem, and feeling the pride and bravado of soldiers, who -deemed their individual preservation as of little value to their -common strength, if purchased without the blood of their enemy, -they turned to the attack of the unwary royalists. -“For whom are ye?” said they. “For the -king.” “We are for the king and -parliament.” Scarcely had these <a -name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>declarations -been interchanged, when rushing precipitately on the unsuspecting -royalists and throwing them into disorder, the assailants fled -towards the town, deeming themselves secure in the quarters of -their comrades, and considering their valour rewarded in the -acclamations that would greet them from their friends. But -Horncastle, surprized at the approach of numerous hostile forces, -had been evacuated by the detachment of horse which possessed it; -and the inhabitants as soon as the town was seized by the troops -of the king, having secured the entrances and roads through it, -by forming barriers with carts and timber; the cavalry found -themselves again obliged to exert their unyielding valor in -turning upon their pursuers. Desperately therefore they -burst through them with the full energy of their courage, -sustaining the loss of some few men, among whom was a cornet; but -bringing away prisoners as the evidence of their perils and their -triumph. <a name="citation15a"></a><a href="#footnote15a" -class="citation">[15a]</a></p> -<p>At this period of hurried confusion, and the setting in of the -night, the Earl of Manchester reached the town. He heard -the rejoicings of the troops, thus victorious in the dangers of -their retreat; taunting the royalists with their shouts, as they -drew off undefeated from their toils. Finding now that the -place designed for the assembling of his forces was already -possessed by the enemy, he hastily recalled the orders for the -general rendezvous at Horncastle, and appointed Bolingbroke in -its stead. Thither at night repaired the dispersed soldiery -of the parliament, except three or four troops of horse, who, in -the difficulties of retreating before superior forces, had been -obliged to proceed by the circuit of Tattershall, and did not -arrive until the next morning.</p> -<p>At Bolingbroke, Manchester designed to wait for the royalists; -but Cromwell, actuated by prudence, urged the delaying of the -battle, since the troops, upon whose prowess and exertion success -depended, were wearied, and little able to sustain the ardour of -the fight. <a name="citation15b"></a><a href="#footnote15b" -class="citation">[15b]</a> The royal army were however too -eager to secure the promises of a victory, to permit their -adversaries to renew their strength by avoiding the -contest. As soon as the morning had dawned and the silence -of the surrounding country assured them that their enemies were -withdrawn from near them, and were assembling together at -Bolingbroke, they arrayed themselves for the encounter. -Before the middle of the day they <a name="page16"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 16</span>marched out, in strength about -seventy-five troops of horse, and five thousand foot, to meet the -soldiers of the parliament. Foreboding with certainty that -this would be their determination, Manchester was constrained to -the resolution of giving them battle, and immediately advanced -towards them.</p> -<p>The spot upon which the contending armies engaged was a gently -rising and broadly extended eminence, at a village called -Winceby, midway between Horncastle and Bolingbroke. It -commands an extensive prospect of the far stretched fen-lands of -the county; whilst to the westward is seen those cliffs, on the -summit of one of which magnificently rises the cathedral of -Lincoln. This the royal army had contemplated as a -district, which by victory was either to be restored to the -authority of the king; or by defeat to afford an effectual check -to the military operations in the north, and to be ensured as a -further resource to the parliament. The noon was already -passed when the armies came in sight of each other. The -royalists trusting with confidence to their mutual ardor, -rejoiced when they beheld the adverse soldiers advancing to meet -them, though amid the wild chant of hymns for mercy and for -victory. In the fields immediately before them they fixed -the order of their battle: formed into closely compacted lines, -the cavalry was placed in the advance, and covered the -infantry. The left wing of this array, was commanded by the -general Sir John Henderson. <a name="citation16a"></a><a -href="#footnote16a" class="citation">[16a]</a></p> -<p>The Earl of Manchester, pressed for ground in the marshalling -of his forces, presented alone his cavalry to the fight; the -infantry, headed by himself, being stationed so far in the rear -that they were unable to second the exertions of their horsemen. -<a name="citation16b"></a><a href="#footnote16b" -class="citation">[16b]</a> The disadvantages arising from -fatigue, with the closeness of ground, and inequality of numbers, -were apparent to the warriors of the parliament. In the -doubtful promises of the contest, their leaders sought to -replenish their strength, and supply their situation by words and -by actions, infusing into them an energy and martial ardour -rivalling their own. Fairfax, who knew by experience that -the undaunted intrepidity of a few was more efficient in its -achievements than the impetuosity of those who <a -name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>relied for -security on their numbers, pointed to his men the imposing array -of his adversaries, exclaiming “Come let us fall on; I -never prospered better than when I fought with my enemies three -or four to one.” Cromwell, by the apparent bravery -with which he was animated, promised them that examples of -heroism should not be wanted, whilst life was given him to lead -them. <a name="citation17a"></a><a href="#footnote17a" -class="citation">[17a]</a></p> -<p>On the other hand, the commander of the royal forces did not -lose the opportunity which was afforded him of reminding his -fellow soldiers that vengeance was yet due for the defeat at -Gainsborough; and that now was supplied them a time to requite -themselves for the blood of the illustrious brother of -Newcastle. He set before them the necessity of strenuous -exertions and important sacrifices, by pointing to the example of -one, who exalted amidst the mighty of the land, lately fighting -among them, did not hesitate to devote himself to death for the -cause of his sovereign. At the moment therefore when the -armies were ready to engage, the royalists raised the cry of -“Cavendish! on for Cavendish!” which was as loudly -answered by the enthusiastic shout of “Religion!” the -zeal which animated those who proclaimed it, by inspiring them -with hopes of immortality, rendered death less to be dreaded than -the misfortunes of a defeat. <a name="citation17b"></a><a -href="#footnote17b" class="citation">[17b]</a></p> -<p>Scarce had the words of onset been given, when the divisions -of cavalry, under the command of Cromwell and Fairfax, were led -to the charge by Vermeydun, a soldier of valour, who headed the -first detachment as a forlorn hope, aspiring to the honor of -directing his comrades on to victory. Already the horsemen -of the royalists, with a well directed precision, had vigorously -poured into their ranks the second discharge of their fire -arms. These did some execution among them; and Cromwell -thus early had his horse shot under him. A minute had -elapsed before the parties fiercely met in the close encounter, -arm to arm. Cromwell for a time was compelled to grapple on -foot with his enemies, entangled amid the trappings of his dying -charger. Though felled to the ground as he attempted to -extricate himself from this perilous situation, he rose -uninjured. This singular man, bold and intrepid, animated -by zeal, foremost in the fight, struggling with disasters, seemed -peculiarly preserved in all his dangers to fill that situation in -the page of history, where, though elevated by violence, he <a -name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>powerfully -commands our admiration by his success, his prudence, and the -daring of his genius. Sir Ingram Hopton, who at this moment -had attempted to seize him, was killed. <a -name="citation18"></a><a href="#footnote18" -class="citation">[18]</a> Cromwell, now recovering a horse -from a soldier near him, bravely led on his companions to the -combat, strengthening their stern courage by the most signal -proofs of his personal bravery.</p> -<p>Not with less valor was the conflict sustained on the part of -the royalists. Sir John Henderson, the hardy veteran of -former battles, firm as a rock amid the rushing of the waves, -resisted every impetuous assault. His adversaries were -driven back in disorder; but these men, not readily to be -repulsed, returned, with a cool bravery and redoubled vigor to -the attack. For half an hour, firm and undecided, continued -the contest, sword against sword, and fortitude repelling -courage. The resolute warriors, who sustained the furious -charges of Fairfax and Cromwell, for the whole were not engaged, -relinquished not a portion of their ground. At last, a -division commanded by Sir William Saville wavering, though -reluctant to give way, became routed and completely -disordered. Yielding, they struck confusion into the other -bodies of their own horse; and these again were hurled with -precipitance upon the mass of their infantry. All being -alike borne down in this part of the field, none were left to -second the broken and disordered, in again advancing to the -combat. The division of Sir John Henderson and Lord Ething -alone maintained itself unyielding and unsubdued. The -exulting army of the parliament, now taking advantage of the -discomfiture of the other troops, and the tumult of the infantry, -assailed with a desperate charge the yet unrepulsed. In -vain did the royalist commander exhort his men to be resolute and -undismayed; but no prudence could uphold the advantages which -valor must lose. Their fortitude was giving way to despair; -and the successful, elated with the promises of victory, found no -equal disputants in men dismayed by the certainty of a -defeat. Perplexed amid the various and ineffectual efforts -of the other bodies of the royal troops, the disheartened -defenders of the field yielded beneath the shock of the adverse -weapons. The victorious soldiers now fiercely <a -name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>plunging in -amidst the routed dragoons, many of whom at this time were on -foot and in the most appalling confusion, saw them quickly -disappearing beneath the havoc of their swords and the fury of -their horses. The infantry were for the most part -destroyed; for being intercepted by a body of cavalry, scarce a -man survived the carnage. <a name="citation19a"></a><a -href="#footnote19a" class="citation">[19a]</a> There was -now no safety but in a dishonorable flight. The pursuit -continued beyond Horncastle with unremitting fury; and along the -road were strewed the horse and the rider, the dead and the -dying. <a name="citation19b"></a><a href="#footnote19b" -class="citation">[19b]</a></p> -<p>The soldiers under the command of Manchester, who as yet had -partaken in no respect in the glory of the blood-shed, reserved -their efforts for securing the prisoners, and assisting the -scarce breathing wounded of the royal army, who were scattered -about the field in groups. Such partizans as had recently -been embodied by the commission of array, were pitiably -supplicating the mercy of their conquerors. Cursing with -deep execration that little regard which had hurried them to the -fight, without a feeling of interest in its issue, they cried out -that the commission of array had brought them thither against -their wills, and blessing the cause of liberty and religion, -added “We die as true servants of the parliament as any in -England, and woe be to those who were the cause that Lincoln and -York became the prey of such a war.” <a -name="citation19c"></a><a href="#footnote19c" -class="citation">[19c]</a></p> -<p>Though the battle was fought with determined obstinacy; yet, -whilst the parties maintained their ground, the loss was -comparatively small: the havoc that ensued was among the routed -and the flying. There were killed but few on the side of -the parliament. Those of rank who were slain of the royal -forces, were Sir George Bolles, and Sir Ingram Hopton. The -prisoners, about one thousand in number, were the wounded on the -field, and those parties of the dispersed fugitives, who to avoid -the overwhelming carnage of their pursuers, had secreted -themselves amongst the rugged and winding banks of a neighbouring -river: many indeed were taken whilst seeking refuge in the very -waters, where some had already perished, bleeding and wearied in -their armour, overcome in their inability to recover themselves -<a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>from the -deeper parts of the stream. The trophies which the -conquerors obtained in the fight of Winceby field, were arms for -fifteen hundred men, and thirty-five standards. <a -name="citation20a"></a><a href="#footnote20a" -class="citation">[20a]</a></p> -<p>Returning from the pursuit, the exhausted cavalry rested for -the night in the villages around Horncastle. The infantry -occupied quarters in the town, where they found two hundred -horses left by their fugitive enemy. Of the wounded, the -Earl of Manchester ordered especial care to be taken, whilst the -dead were hastily consigned to the nearest graves. The body -of Sir Ingram Hopton was brought to Horncastle and buried in the -church: for Cromwell, who did not permit his political resentment -to render him callous or insensible to the generous feelings of a -soldier, experienced some sympathy for the individual whose ardor -in attempting his destruction, for what was deemed the welfare of -his country, had cost the sacrifice of his own life: he -therefore, upon his arrival in the town, commanded the -inhabitants to fetch the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, and inter it -with the honors due to his rank; observing, that though an enemy, -he was a gentleman and a soldier. <a name="citation20b"></a><a -href="#footnote20b" class="citation">[20b]</a></p> -<p>Of those royalists who escaped the slaughter, there were -scarce a thousand efficient for the field; and these were -destined to sustain another overthrow at the battle of Lincoln -close, which completed the warfare in this county. -Bolingbroke castle had already yielded; and this with -Tattershall, the principal places of defence in this -neighbourhood, were soon after devoted to the dismantling policy -of the parliament, which doomed them with the noble edifices of -the country, to that destruction which left them but ruins in -silent and lingering decay.</p> -<p>Although this victory afforded a cause for so much rejoicing -to the friends of the parliament; yet were its consequences -mightier for the interests which it strengthened, by the defeat, -on the same day, <a name="citation20c"></a><a href="#footnote20c" -class="citation">[20c]</a> of the Marquis of Newcastle before the -fortress of Hull. The Lord Fairfax and Sir John Meldrum, -making a desperate sortie, had completely overthrown the -royalists with much slaughter; forcing them, though <a -name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span>protected -behind strong entrenchments, to abandon the siege with the loss -of all their cannon. The impolicy of the royalist commander -was now perceptible too late. This ruin of the affairs of -the king seemed at once to have obliterated all the generous -services which the faithful Newcastle had made in the cause of -his sovereign; and shortly after these disasters, he retired to -the continent, <a name="citation21"></a><a href="#footnote21" -class="citation">[21]</a> where he spent a life of indigence, -until the restoration gave again the royal authority to -Britain. These actions, though inconsiderable in -themselves, were yet great in their effects. The -expectations of the royalists in Yorkshire were now nearly -blasted: Lincolnshire, after the occupation of its city, escaped -the further deluge of blood; and the defeats served to assist in -hastening the fight of Marston Moor, where the hopes of Charles -were reduced to that one gleam, which was finally extinguished at -the battle of Naseby.</p> -<h3><a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -22</span>ANTIQUITIES.</h3> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p22b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Roman Urns found at Horncastle" -title= -"Roman Urns found at Horncastle" - src="images/p22s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p><span class="smcap">Amongst</span> the remains of antiquity at -this place, the vestiges of the Roman fortress are the most -worthy of attention; and although they are too small to give an -adequate idea of the original structure, are yet sufficient to -show the form and extent of the space enclosed, which appears to -have been nearly a parallelogram, of about six hundred feet in -length, and in breadth three hundred and fifty on the east, and -three hundred on the west. <a name="citation22"></a><a -href="#footnote22" class="citation">[22]</a> The wall by -which this area was surrounded <a name="page23"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 23</span>was fifteen or sixteen feet in -thickness, and composed of small blocks of a loosely aggregated -sand stone, dug from the neighbouring hills. It was formed -with casing stones on the outside, the internal parts being -filled up with courses laid diagonally, which according to the -customary and substantial mode of building among the Romans, were -run together by mortar disseminated through the interstices in a -fluid state, forming a cement which has acquired by time an -imperishable induration. Of the casing stones none are now -to be seen, except in cellars which have been formed by the side -of the wall. Where the fragments are sufficiently high, -those portions of the Roman masonry, which remained after the -destruction of the fortress, may be perceived rising to about six -or seven feet above the ground, the diagonal courses of stone -then ceasing. Above this the construction is marked by -masses of larger dimensions than the lower parts; a circumstance -evincing that another structure of a different period has been -erected on the original foundation: this was probably a -reparation which was made in the time of the Anglo-Saxons. -At the north-east corner of the enclosure the remains of a -circular turret are still visible; but of the towers or gateways -no traces are left.</p> -<p>Near the junction of the two rivers, on the south-west of the -town, was formerly one of those mazes common to Roman stations, -called the Julian Bower. In these the youth were exercised -in a martial game, called Troy Town, which in after years, though -divested of its martial character, continued to be amongst the -healthy pastimes of the young, in their evening assemblies of -pleasure and sport. <a name="citation23"></a><a -href="#footnote23" class="citation">[23]</a> Cultivation -has long since effaced every vestige of the maze; but the piece -of land on which it stood still retains the name of the <i>Julian -Bower Close</i>.</p> -<p>A peculiar rustic ceremony, which used annually to be observed -at this place, doubtless derived its origin from the Floral games -of antiquity. On the morning of May-day, when the young of -the neighbourhood assembled to partake in the amusements which -ushered in <a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -24</span>the festivals of the month of flowers, a train of youths -collected themselves at a place to this day called the May -Bank. From thence, with wands enwreathed with cowslips, -they walked in procession to the may-pole, situated at the west -end of the town, and adorned on that morning with every variety -in the gifts of Flora. Here, uniting in the wild joy of -young enthusiasm, they struck together their wands, and -scattering around the cowslips, testified their thankfulness for -that bounty, which widely diffusing its riches, enabled them to -return home rejoicing at the promises of the opening year. -That innovation in the manners and customs of the country, which -has swept away the ancient pastimes of rustic simplicity, -obliterated about the year 1780 this peculiar vestige of the -Roman Floralia.</p> -<p>In the fields on the south side of the town, the ground -abounds with fragments of cinerary urns, and several perfect ones -have also there been discovered. From these circumstances, -together with the appearance of the soil, it seems certain that -in this part the Romans used to burn their dead on the funeral -pile. Of the urns found, only two are known to exist in the -neighbourhood; one being in the collection of the late Right -Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, at Revesby Abbey, the other in the -possession of Mr. Crowder, an inhabitant of the town.</p> -<p>It is much to be regretted for the advancement of researches -into local antiquities that the chief part of the urns, coins, -fibulæ, and other Roman vestiges discovered at Horncastle, -have been sold to strangers who have visited the town, or to -dealers elsewhere. The coins which have been found here are -numerous, and though chiefly of small brass and denarii -ærei of the lower empire, yet they include many extremely -fine and varied specimens of the earlier imperial coins, both of -a larger size and of other metals, several of which are in the -possession of different individuals of the town. Amongst -these may be particularized the silver coins of Vespasian, L. -Septimius Severus, Alexander Severus, and Volusianus; the large -brass of Trajan; and the middle brass of Caligula, Claudius, -Nero, Trajan, Hadrian, Domitian, Antoninus Pius, Faustina the -elder, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, and Faustina the younger. -The small brass and denarii ærei form nearly a complete -series of the emperors from Gallienus to Valentinianus the -second, and include also within that period, coins of some of the -tyrants of Britain and Gaul. Beside these are some others -in the collection of <a name="page25"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 25</span>the late Reverend Charles -L’Oste, now possessed by his son, but unfortunately no -memoranda exist by which they are to be distinguished from those -obtained at other places. This gentleman also had in his -collection several fibulæ and stiles which had been -discovered here.</p> -<p>A British coin found at this place has on its concave side the -horse and symbolic circles; on the convex is the representation -of an animal apparently intended for a stag, with similar -ornaments around it, to those the other side possesses. -Many of the early English silver currency have been found here, -and also a specimen of the Scottish coinage of David the -second.</p> -<p>In deepening the bed of the river Bane, to complete the -navigation, in 1802, an ornamental brass spur, part of a brass -crucifix, and a dagger, were found together at a short distance -from the north bason of the navigation. The spur is now -lost; the part of the crucifix and the dagger are in the -possession of the author.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p25b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Ancient British Coin" -title= -"Ancient British Coin" - src="images/p25s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3><a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>THE -CHURCH.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">From</span> the silence of the Domesday -Book respecting a church at this place, it may be concluded that -there was not one erected when that survey was made; there -however appears to have been one in the reign of Richard the -first. <a name="citation26a"></a><a href="#footnote26a" -class="citation">[26a]</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p26b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"North-East View of Horncastle Church" -title= -"North-East View of Horncastle Church" - src="images/p26s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The present structure, which is dedicated to Saint Mary, -stands in the centre of the town, and possesses but few -attractions for the antiquary or the architect. It consists -of a square tower, a nave and chancel, with north and south -aisles. Being for the most part built with the soft and -imperfectly aggregated sand-stone of the neighbourhood, which -yields easily to the moisture of the atmosphere, it has suffered -much from the effects of time; and the decayed parts being -repaired with brick, gives to the building a motley and -unprepossessing appearance.</p> -<p>The few portions of the original architecture which have -escaped the silent ravages of years and the hands of the -innovator, bespeak the building of no higher antiquity than the -period of Henry the seventh. The aisle on the north side of -the chancel is ornamented with embattlements, on which -quatrefoils and blank shields are sculptured. It was -probably used as a chantry, one of the windows having formerly -contained an inscription justifying such a supposition. <a -name="citation26b"></a><a href="#footnote26b" -class="citation">[26b]</a> This aisle does not extend the -whole length of the chancel, and in the space so left, the -remains of an oratory and confessional are still visible; this -space formerly appropriated as a depository for coals to -distribute among the poor, is now occupied by a building to -contain the fire engines; a corresponding part of the south aisle -being used as a vestry. The aisle on the south side of the -chancel was rebuilt in 1820; but the original windows were -restored and again inserted. Part of the aisle on the south -of the nave was rebuilt in the following year.</p> -<p><a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>The -interior of the church is remarkably neat and well pewed. A -gallery at the west end of the nave contains an organ which was -purchased by subscription in 1810. Galleries are also -erected in each aisle of the nave.</p> -<p>In the wall of the north aisle is a stone, containing the -figure in brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in armour, kneeling on a -cushion, and holding in his hand a label, on which is written, in -black letter,</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">“Sc’ta -trinitas unus deus miserere nob.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On each side of him are two shields containing arms, at one of -the lower corners are the figures of his two sons, and at the -other those of his three daughters, and under him this -inscription in black letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“In honore sc’te et individue -trinitatis Orate p’ a’ia Leonis Dymoke milit’ -q’ obijt xvij die me’se augusti aº D’ni -mº ccccc xix cuj’ a’ie p’piciet’ -de’ Amen.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The shields contain these arms:—1. <span -class="smcap">Dymoke</span>, sable, two lions passant argent in -pale, ducally crowned or; empaling <span -class="smcap">Waterton</span>, Barry of six ermine and gules, -three crescents sable; a crescent for difference. 2. <span -class="smcap">Dymoke</span>; empaling <span -class="smcap">Marmyon</span>, Vairè, on a fesse gules -frettè or; in chief, <span class="smcap">Hebden</span>, -Ermine, five fusils in fess; a crescent for difference. 3. -Argent, a sword erect azure, hilt and pomel gules. <a -name="citation27a"></a><a href="#footnote27a" -class="citation">[27a]</a> 4. <span -class="smcap">Dymoke</span>; empaling <span -class="smcap">Haydon</span>, Quarterly gules and argent, a cross -engrailed counterchanged; a crescent for difference.</p> -<p>On the floor beneath this monument is a brass, on which is the -following inscription in black letter, nearly obliterated:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Leonis fossa nunc haec Dymoke capit ossa<br -/> -Miles erat Regis cui parce Deus prece matris<br /> -Es testis Christe quod non jacet hic lapis iste<br /> -Corpus ut ornetur sed spiritus ut memoretur<br /> -Hinc tu qui transis senex medius puer an sis<br /> -Pro me funde preces quia sic mihi fit venie spes.” <a -name="citation27b"></a><a href="#footnote27b" -class="citation">[27b]</a></p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p27b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke" -title= -"Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke" - src="images/p27s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p><a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>On the -floor of the vestry is a stone, with this inscription, in black -letter, around the verge:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lyeth the Boyddes of Thomas Raithbeck -& Ame his wyf y<sup>e</sup> founders of the Beidhous Departed -thys world in y<sup>e</sup> fayth of Christ y<sup>e</sup> last -day of October in y<sup>e</sup> yere or lord mdlxxv.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On the wall over the door of the vestry is a shield containing -three storks proper, on an azure field; the crest a stork; and -under the arms this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. Mr. THO: -GIBSON, A.M. Forty four years Vicar of this Parish. He -liv’d in such times when Truth to the <a -name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 29</span>Church, and -Loyalty to the King, met with Punishment due only to the Worst of -Crimes. He was by the Rebellious Powers carried away -Prisoner, four times, from his congregation, once exchanged into -the Garrison of Newark, for a Dissenting Teacher: afterwards -Sequester’d, and his family driven out by the then Earl of -Manchester. He survived the Restoration, and was brought -back at the head of several hundreds of his Friends, and made a -Prebendary in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln. As his -Enemies never forgave his Zeal to the Church and Crown: so -nothing but the height of Christian Charity could forgive the -insults he met with from them. He Died April the 22d, -1678.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Against the wall on the south side of the chancel is a lozenge -shaped piece of canvas, on which are painted these arms: Argent, -two bars sable, each charged with three mullets of six points or, -pierced gules; and under them the following inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lieth the worthy and memorable Kt. Sir -INGRAM HOPTON, who paid his debt to nature and duty to his King -and Country in the attempt of seizing the Arch-rebel in the -bloody skirmish near Winceby, October the 6th, A.D. 1643. <a -name="citation29"></a><a href="#footnote29" -class="citation">[29]</a></p> -<p>“—nec tumultum<br /> -Nec mori per vim metuit, tenente<br /> -Cæsare terras.</p> -<p>“Paulum sepultæ distat inertiæ<br /> -Celata virtus.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On a stone in the floor of the chancel is this inscription, in -capital letters:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">“M. S.<br /> -THOMÆ LODINGTON, LL. D.<br /> -Qui Vicarii jure usus<br /> -Sacra apud Paganos de Horncastle<br /> -De More Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ<br /> -Annos perpetuos XLV peregit<br /> -Annorumque LXXIII Curriculo<br /> -Confecto Morti cessit<br /> -Mar. XXI A.D. MDCCXXIII.<br /> -Posuit Pientissima Conjux<br /> -Prudentia Lodington.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Beside the sepulchral memorials already detailed, are a number -of others on the floor, and a few of recent date, on marble -tablets, against the walls.</p> -<p><a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>At the -end of the north aisle of the chancel, is the following -table:</p> -<blockquote><p>The BENEFACTORS to the CHURCH and POOR of this -Town, the Clauses of whose Wills may be seen at large in a Book -in the Town Chest. Note these Tables were erected 1724.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">William -Everitt</span> and <span class="smcap">Joseph Brown</span> -Churchwardens.</p> -<p>Anno 1611, October. Mr. Robert Clark of Woodhall gave to -the Poor of this town . . . Shillings a year, to be paid to -vicar on St Thomas’s, and by him to be distributed every -Christmas-day for ever, out of his lands in Thimbleby, now -belonging to John Hutchinson, Gent.</p> -<p>Mrs Ann Smith gave to the poor of Horncastle twenty shillings -a year out of her lands there, now in the possession of Mr. -Thomas Coats: it is given in brown bread every Good Friday.</p> -<p>George Acham of Asterby, Gent. gave also one hundred and forty -pounds, to purchase lands, the rents thereof to be disposed off -yearly to the poor of Horncastle, at the discretion of the -governors of the free-school (for the time being,) which lands -are in the parish of Burgh in the Marsh.</p> -<p>Anno 1629 May the 2d. Mr. William Hurtscroft gave one -house the yearly rent of fifty-two shillings; to be given weekly -(viz.) twelve pence in bread every Lord’s day to poor -fatherless and motherless children in Horncastle, by the -Overseers for the poor; the said house now in the possession of -widow Scamon.</p> -<p>The same year. Andrew Kent, gent. gave six pounds -thirteen shillings and fourpence, to be a stock for the poor of -Horncastle, which is applied accordingly in coals for their -use.</p> -<p>Anno 1661, June the 6th. Thomas Bromley of Conesby gent, -left to the poor of this town forty shillings per annum (viz.) -twenty shillings every good Friday, and twenty every St. -Thomas’s day, to be paid out of his lands in Haltham super -Bane; now the said lands belong to Thomas Hammerton gent.</p> -<p>Rutland Snowden, gent. gave to the poor of Horncastle one -house of the yearly rent of twenty-six shillings; but being -decayed is now reduced to thirteen, paid in bread sixpence every -other Sunday: the said house belongs now to Mr. William -Dawson.</p> -<p>Anno 1673, December the 5th. Thomas James, gent. gave to -the poor of Horncastle twenty shillings yearly in white bread on -every Christmas day for ever payable out of his lands there, -which lands are now the estate of Thomas Howgrave, Esquire.</p> -<p>Anno 1702, December the 20th. Captain John Francis gave -two chaldern of coals yearly to be given to the poor, appointed -by the governors of the school, out of lands in this town now the -Rev. Mr. John Francis’s of Sibsey.</p> -<p>Anno 1703, December the 14th. Mrs Douglass Tyrwhitt of -Gaiton on the would gave ten shillings yearly to the poor of -Horncastle on St. Thomas’s day, out of her lands in -Belshford, now the lands of Joseph Sutton of the same.</p> -<p>Anno 1696, May the 26th. Nicholas Shipley, gent. gave to -this church one brass candlestick of twenty-four sockets, and -Fox’s three books of martyrs. He gave also to the -poor five pounds, which was immediately given amongst them, and -thirty shillings yearly for ever, (viz.) twenty on St. -Thomas’s day, and ten every good Friday, in brown bread, to -be paid out of his lands adjoining to this church yard, now -purchased by Mr. Thomas <a name="page31"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 31</span>Hammerton. He gave also to the -governors of the school one hundred pounds the interest thereof -to put out poor boys apprentices to trades; but their then -treasurer dying insolvent, that money was lost. We mention -this here because this misfortune doth not lessen the charity of -that well disposed gentleman.</p> -<p>Anno 1719. Mrs. Mary Hussey, widdow, gave one silver -plate to the communion table for ever.</p> -<p>Anno 1721. Mrs. Dorothy Parker of Boston, gave to this -church one brass candlestick of sixteen sockits, and to the poor -widdows and widdowers of this town she gave sixty pounds, the -interest or rents thereof to be given amongst them on St. -John’s day, in Christmas, and St. James’s in July, -yearly for ever.</p> -<p>Anno 1724. Mrs Mary Waters, widdow, gave to the -overseers of the poor, five pounds, to be by them put out at -interest, and the said interest to be given to the poor yearly on -Christmas day for ever.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Against the wall over the north entrance are several scythes -and hay knives, some of which are yet remaining in the shafts to -which they have been affixed, in order to render them instruments -of warfare. The occasion for which they were so prepared is -unknown, the traditionary accounts of them being both vague and -contradictory.</p> -<p>In the steeple are six bells, bearing the following -inscriptions in capital letters:</p> -<p class="gutindent">1. Lectum fuge discute somnum. -G. S. I. W. H. Penn Fusor 1717.</p> -<p class="gutindent">2. In templo venerare Deum. Hen. -Penn nos fudit Cornucastri.</p> -<p class="gutindent">3. Supplicem Deusi audit. Daniel -Hedderly cast me 1727.</p> -<p class="gutindent">4. Tho. Osborn fecit Downham Norfolk -1801. Tho. Bryan and D. Brown Churchwardens.</p> -<p class="gutindent">5. Dum spiras spera. H. Penn -Fusor 1717. Tho. et Sam. Hamerton Æditivi.</p> -<p class="gutindent">6. Exeate busto auspice Christo. -Tho Lodington LL.D. Vic. H. P. 1717.</p> -<p>The fourth bell previous to being recast bore this -inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">Fac et spe. Henri -Penn Fusor Peterburgensis.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The benefice is a vicarage, in the presentation of the Bishop -of Carlisle, valued in the King’s books at £14. -4<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p> -<p>The registers commence in the year 1559. In them are -contained the following singular entries:</p> -<blockquote><p>“On the vth daie of October one thousand six -hundrete & three, in the first yere of our Souvraine Lord -King James was holden in Horncastle Church a solemnn fast from -eight in the morning until foure a clock in the afternoone by -five preachers vidz. Mr Hollinhedge vicar of Horncastle, Mr -Turner of Edlington, Mr Downes of Lusbye, Mr Phillipe of -Salmonbye, Mr Tanzey of Hagworthingha’, occasioned by a -general and most feareful plague yt yeare in sundrie places of -this Land, but especially upon the Cytie of London.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Pr. me Clementem -Whitelock.”</p> -<p><a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -32</span>“Thomas Gibson Clerk Master of the Free Schoole of -Newcastle uppon Tine one of the Chapleines of the Right Reverend -Father in God Barnabas by Divine P’vidence Lo. Bpp. of -Carliol, presented by the said Lo. Bpp. was inducted into the -Vicarage of Horncastle, April the xiiij 1643.”</p> -<p>“The said Mr. Thomas Gibson being outed of Horncastle by -Cromwell Commissiner removed to Nether Toynton, lived ther one -yeare. After returne again taught some gentlemen sonnes in -his owne house, was afterwards called to ye schoole at Newark -where he continued one yeare, then was importuned to Sleeford -whether he went the week after Easter 1650, continued there until -May ye first 1661 then the King being restored he returned to his -vicaridge and was by Doctor Robet Sandeson Bishop of Linkcoln -made Preban of Sant Marie Crake Poule in the Church of -Linkcoln,”</p> -<p style="text-align: center">“Septr. 28, 1662.</p> -<p>“Memorandum the Day and yeere above written that the -Booke of Common Prayer lately set forth by the Authority of the -King’s Majestie and his court was read in the Parish Church -of Horncastle by me Thomas Gibson Vicar there, and freely and -willingly assented unto according to an act of Parliament in that -case made and provided. In witness whereof the said Mr. -Gibson with other of the inhabitants whose names are hereunto -subscribed have sette their hands.</p> -<p style="text-align: right"><span class="smcap">Tho: -Gibson</span>, Vicar.<br /> -<span class="smcap">John Harding</span>, Parrish Clerk”</p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page33"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 33</span> -<a href="images/p33b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle" -title= -"Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle" - src="images/p33s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3>THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Grammar School is situated at -the south-east corner of the church yard, and is a spacious and -well-constructed edifice of brick. It was founded and -endowed by Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, the Lord High Admiral of -England, under the authority of letters patent, dated the 25th of -June, 1652. By these letters it was ordained, that this -institution should be denominated “The Free Grammar School -of Queen Elizabeth, in the Town or Soke of Horncastle, of the -foundation of Edward Lord Clinton and Saye,” for the -education, training, and instruction of boys and youths in -grammar, and to be appropriated to this object for ever.</p> -<p>The school was to be conducted by a master, and a sub-master, -or usher: ten governors were also appointed and incorporated, -with perpetual succession, and a common seal. These -governors were empowered on the death of any of their body, to -elect others in their places; also to nominate the master and -usher on any vacancy; and to make such statutes concerning the -preservation and disposal of the revenues, as circumstances at -any time might dictate. Besides holding the endowments, -they were authorized to purchase and receive lands and other -possessions, not exceeding £40. per annum.</p> -<p>The estates by which the establishment is maintained, consist -of houses and land situated at Horncastle, Hemingby, Sutton, -Huttoft, <a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -34</span>and Winthorpe. The lands in the last three named -parishes being subject to inundations from the sea, the annual -revenue is rendered precarious; but in the more favorable years -it amounts to about £200.</p> -<p>The salaries for a long time were £40. per annum to the -master, and £30. to the sub-master or usher: but on the -appointment of the present master, in 1818, the salary was -advanced to £80. per annum, to which was also added a house -for his residence; the salary of the sub-master remaining as -heretofore, at £30. The sum of £2. 2<i>s.</i> -per annum is charged for those scholars who are instructed in -writing and arithmetic. There are at this period about -twenty boys on the foundation.</p> -<p>The governors of this School have also the management of -another school in the town, for the instruction of poor children -in reading, sewing, and knitting. A house, with a salary to -the teacher of £17. per annum, charged upon certain estates -in Horncastle, having been bequeathed to them in trust, for that -purpose, by Mr. Richard Watson, a native of this place, who died -in 1784.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page35"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 35</span> -<a href="images/p35b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company" -title= -"Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company" - src="images/p35s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3>THE RIVER BANE AND NAVIGABLE CANAL.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> river Bane, rising at the -village of Ludford, takes its course in a direction nearly south -to join its waters with those of the Witham. After -meandering through an extent of country about fourteen miles, it -receives at Horncastle, the tributary stream of the Waring, and -abundantly supplies the town, conveniently situated at the -confluence of the two rivers. From hence continuing a -gently winding course, it washes Tattershall and its moorlands, -before it falls into the larger river to increase its waters to -the sea.</p> -<p>In the year 1792, an act of parliament was obtained for making -the Bane navigable from the river Witham, through Tattershall to -Horncastle. <a name="citation35"></a><a href="#footnote35" -class="citation">[35]</a> The act, after reciting the names -of the original subscribers, incorporates them by the name of -“The Company of Proprietors of the Horncastle Navigation in -the County of Lincoln,” giving them perpetual succession -and a common seal, and empowering them to raise £15,000. in -three hundred shares of £50. each. The interest of -these was not to exceed £8. per cent. No person was -to be the <a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -36</span>possessor of less than one share, nor to hold more than -twenty. As circumstances might require, they were -authorized to raise £1,000. more, by shares or mortgages of -the tolls.</p> -<p>The tollage allowed by this act was, for goods passing the -whole length of the navigation, 2<i>s.</i> per ton; from the -Witham to the seventh lock, 1<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i> per ton; and -from the Witham to the fourth lock, 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> per -ton; excepting lime, lime-stone, manure, or materials for roads, -for which, only half the already mentioned tolls were to be -taken.</p> -<p>The works were commenced in the year 1793; but, when about two -thirds were completed, the whole of the funds to be appropriated -to their execution were already expended. After suffering -the canal to remain several years in this unfinished state, the -company applied again to Parliament, and in the year 1800 another -act was obtained, enabling them to raise £20,000. more by -subscription amongst themselves, by admission of new subscribers -in shares of £50. each, by mortgage, or by granting -annuities. The limitation of shares and interest were -repealed by this act; and the tonnage rates advanced to -3<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> per ton for the whole length of the -navigation, 2<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i> to the seventh lock, and -1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> to the fourth; lime, lime-stone, manure, -and materials for roads excepted as before from the payment of -full rates.</p> -<p>Shortly after the works were recommenced, the plan of -completing them by an entirely new canal was adopted in -preference to that which they had before pursued of rendering the -Bane navigable. It was therefore at the village of Dalderby -diverted from the course of the natural stream, and carried on in -a less varied track to the point of junction between the waters -of the Bane and Waring: from hence it was continued in the -divergent courses of these two rivers, to the more extreme parts -of the town of Horncastle. It was completed in September, -1802, and on Friday the seventeenth of that month the vessels -entered the town. The canal is sufficiently deep to -navigate vessels of fifty tons burthen.</p> -<p>From this town to the river Witham the distance is about -eleven miles, in which the stream has a fall of eighty-four -feet.</p> -<h3><a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 37</span>THE -PRESENT STATE OF THE TOWN, FAIRS, MARKETS, &c.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Although</span> this place was favored at -an early period with a charter for a market, which in the time of -Henry the eighth appears to have been well frequented, yet it -remained for many years little more than a considerable village. -<a name="citation37"></a><a href="#footnote37" -class="citation">[37]</a> From the earliest accounts it -seems to have been gradually encreasing; but it was not until -later years, when a new impulse was given to the agricultural -interests of the country, that it began to exhibit material -evidences of extention and improvement.</p> -<p>From a plan of the town drawn by Dr. Stukeley, in the year -1722, it appears at that period of time, now the lapse of a -century, to have been little more than half its present -extent. This plan, not having been made from actual survey, -cannot be considered as an accurate representation: nevertheless -it is calculated to give a tolerable idea of the state of the -town at the time it was executed. It is traditionally -asserted that at that period scarcely a brick house was to be -found in the parish; the early erected dwellings being all -constructed with clay walls and covered with thatch; thus -evidencing that common character which Leland the antiquary -assigns to the towns of this part. The clay buildings have -for the most part disappeared, and brick structures are now -erected in their stead; and from the spirit of improvement which -has lately been evinced, they will doubtless in a few years be -entirely removed. The rebuilding of many houses in the -principal streets in a handsome manner, within the last twenty -years, has given to the town an air of respectability; but the -effect which <a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -38</span>would be produced by these buildings in its general -appearance, is materially diminished by the narrowness and -irregularity of the streets. At this time the number of -houses may be computed at about seven hundred, and of -inhabitants, about three thousand five hundred.</p> -<p>The entrances to the town, as well as its general aspect, have -also been improved by the inclosure of the fields by which it is -surrounded. To accomplish this an act of parliament was -obtained in 1803, and carried into effect the following year.</p> -<p>In no respect has the town changed more than in its trade; a -large proportion of its inhabitants having formerly been employed -in the tanning of leather, in which manufacture the yards on the -south side of the Far-street were almost exclusively -occupied. About fifty years ago the number of these -establishments began rapidly to decline, and are at this time -reduced to two. Since the completion of the canal in 1801, -a considerable trade in corn and wool has been carried on here; -about thirty thousand quarters of the former, and three thousand -sheets of the latter being annually sent from this place. -The town also from its situation in a well inhabited district -enjoys a large retail trade.</p> -<p>There are now three fairs for horses, cattle and sheep, held -here annually. The first, which concludes on the -twenty-second of June, has of late years declined very much, and -though chartered for eight days seldom continues more than -three. The second, which terminates on the twenty-first of -August, has long been celebrated as the largest fair for horses -in the kingdom, perhaps it may be said in the world; it continues -about ten days, being three days more than the time expressed in -the charter. To this fair are brought for sale horses of -all descriptions from every part of the kingdom, to the number of -many thousands; and beside the most extensive dealers of this -country, there are to be found in the fair purchasers and dealers -from different parts of the continent of Europe, and even from -America. The third fair, which is held on the twenty-eighth -and twenty-ninth days of October, was removed to this place in -1768, from Market-Stainton, a decayed market town, about eight -miles distant, two hundred pounds being given to the lord of the -manor of that place, to permit the removal, one half of this sum -was raised by subscription amongst the inhabitants of this town, -the other by William Banks, Esquire, the then lessee of the -manor. The market is now held every Saturday, <a -name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 39</span>to which it -was changed from Wednesday, the day mentioned in the charter, -probably in consequence of the markets at Boston and Louth being -also on that day; but the time at which the alteration took place -cannot now be ascertained.</p> -<p>On the south side of the church-yard is a building -appropriated for the purposes of a Dispensary, which is supported -by public subscription. Those to whom medical aid is -administered are such of the sick poor, in the town and -neighbourhood of Horncastle, as are recommended by subscribers; -and the many to whom assistance has been afforded, evince its -utility in a striking degree. The Dispensary is attended -every Tuesday and Saturday morning by a physician, whose service -is gratuitous, and by an apothecary who receives a salary. -These gentlemen visit such patients as are unable to attend at -the Dispensary. A female accoucheur also belongs to the -establishment. The number of patients admitted from the -commencement of the institution in September 1789, to September -1821, was 9389.</p> -<p>In the year 1790 a Literary Society was established in this -town, and which since its commencement has occupied a room at the -Dispensary as a library. The property of this society is -permanent and unalienable; excepting that books considered -unworthy of being preserved are disposed of at the next -anniversary but one after their purchase. The library -contains about eleven hundred volumes, and is open to the members -two days in the week. For several years the subscription -was only ten shillings and sixpence per annum; it was afterwards -advanced to fourteen shillings, and subsequently to one -pound. Subscribers are now also required to pay one pound -on their admission. The society at present consists of -about forty members.</p> -<p>In the year 1807 the inhabitants of this town in conjunction -with several other towns and villages, in the county of Lincoln, -made application to parliament, and obtained an act for the -recovery of debts not exceeding the sum of five pounds. The -commissioners hold their courts at this place every fourth -Thursday.</p> -<p>The education of the poor which has lately excited so much -attention in various parts of the kingdom, has not been neglected -here. A school on the Lancasterian or British system was -established at a public meeting held in October, 1813; and but a -few days subsequently a meeting was held at the church, when it -was resolved to establish also a school on the plan of Dr. -Bell. Early in the ensuing <a name="page40"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 40</span>year, buildings were erected, and -each system began to be acted upon. Both schools are -supported by voluntary contributions, and each contains about two -hundred children.</p> -<p>Beside the established church, there are in this town a -society of Wesleyan Methodists; a small congregation of -Calvinistic Baptists; a society of Primitive Methodists, or -ranters; and a congregation of Independents.</p> -<h2><a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>THE -SOKE OF HORNCASTLE.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">At</span> the time of compiling the -Domesday record, there appears to have been included other -parishes, in addition to those now comprised in this soke; but it -cannot now be ascertained at what time the alteration took place. -<a name="citation41"></a><a href="#footnote41" -class="citation">[41]</a> Beside the parish of Horncastle -it at present contains the following townships:—Thimbleby, -West Ashby, Low Tointon, High Tointon, Mareham on the Hill, -Roughton, Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby, Mareham le Fen, -and Coningsby. To these have lately been added Langriville -and Thornton le Fen, portions of the fen district, which had been -sold by the commissioners appointed under an act of enclosure, -and rendered parochial by act of parliament in 1812. On the -enclosure of these fens, under the act which was obtained in -1801, the whole of the parishes in this soke, excepting the two -newly formed ones, had portions of land allotted to them, in lieu -of their right of common.</p> -<p>West Ashby, High Tointon, Mareham on the Hill, and Wood -Enderby, were formerly hamlets of the parish of Horncastle; but -have for several years been considered as distinct parishes, and -have appointed their own churchwardens and overseers of the -poor.</p> -<h3>THIMBLEBY,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Book Stimelbi, and in old writings Thimelby, is -about a mile north-west from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining -each other. The manor which in the reign of Charles the -second was the property of Sir Robert Bolles of Scampton, is now -possessed by Thomas Hotchkin, Esquire, of Tixover, in the county -of Rutland, in the possession of whose ancestors it has been for -many years. In this parish is also the manor of Hallgarth, -which formerly belonged to a family named Bolton; but is now the -joint property of Richard <a name="page42"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 42</span>Elmhirst, Esquire, of Uzzleby, and -Mr. Kemp of Thimbleby. The church rebuilt in the year 1744, -is a small stone edifice, possessing a considerable share of -architectural merit: a stone over the door points out the year in -which it was rebuilt, but besides this it exhibits no other -inscription. <a name="citation42a"></a><a href="#footnote42a" -class="citation">[42a]</a> The advowson of the rectory -belongs to the lord of the manor.</p> -<h3>WEST ASHBY,</h3> -<p>In Domesday called Aschebi, and in old writings Askeby, is a -parish adjoining to the north boundaries of that of Horncastle, -from which town the village is about two miles distant. In -this parish is the manor of Ashby Thorpe, now belonging to the -devisees of the late Mr. Joseph Rinder; but the possessor of that -of Horncastle claims manorial rights over the other parts of the -parish. Previous to the dissolution of monasteries in the -reign of Henry the eighth, the abbey of Kirkstead had a grange in -this parish, which, in the fifth year of Edward the sixth, was -granted amongst other estates to William Cecil Lord Burghley, -Lord High Treasurer of England; and now forms part of the Ashby -Thorpe estate. The church consists of a tower, a nave with -a north aisle, and a chancel. <a name="citation42b"></a><a -href="#footnote42b" class="citation">[42b]</a> The benefice -is a curacy, in the presentation of the Bishop of Carlisle.</p> -<h3>LOW TOINTON,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Todingtune, and in old writings Nether Tointon, is -about a mile eastward from the town of Horncastle, the parishes -adjoining. <a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -43</span>The manorial estates, which comprise nearly the whole -parish, are the property of Lancelot Rolleston, Esquire, of -Watnall, in the county of Nottingham, by whose ancestors it has -been possessed for several generations. The church, which -is a small modern erection, being rebuilt in 1811, contains a -very curiously sculptured font, and the following inscription on -a plate of copper in the north wall:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Heare lyeth the Body of EDWARD ROLLESTON -Esquir who departed this Life the twenty-third of July in the -thirtey-fourth year of his age interr’d underneath this -place the fourth of August Anno Domini 1687.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The patrons of the rectory are Lord Gwydir, and the Baroness -Willoughby of Eresby, his mother.</p> -<h3>HIGH TOINTON,</h3> -<p>In old writings Over Tointon, is about a mile and a half -eastward from Horncastle, to which parish and also that of Low -Tointon it adjoins. From only one place of this name being -mentioned in the Domesday record, it is probable that at the time -of making that survey both High and Low Tointon were included in -one parish. The manorial estates, which have descended with -those of Horncastle, belong to the Bishop of Carlisle, and are -leased to different individuals. The church is a small -uninteresting building. The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of -the curacy.</p> -<h3>MAREHAM ON THE HILL,</h3> -<p>Anciently written Maringe and Mayring, is about a mile and a -half south-east from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining each -other. The manor once belonged to Edward Marsh, Esquire, of -Hundle House, in the county of Lincoln, by a descendant of whom -it was sold to William Hudson, Esquire, of Gray’s -Inn. In 1659 it was sold to a person named Duncombe, of -whom it was purchased, in 1688, by Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke -Rochford, Knight, and is now possessed by his descendant of the -same names. <a name="citation43"></a><a href="#footnote43" -class="citation">[43]</a> The chapel is completely -destitute of interest. On repairing it, about fifteen years -ago, two nobles of Edward the fourth, two angels of Henry the -seventh, and several silver coins of different reigns, contained -in a leathern purse, were discovered concealed in the wall. -The patron of the curacy is the Bishop of Carlisle.</p> -<h3><a name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -44</span>ROUGHTON,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Rocstune, and in old writings Ructon, is about -four miles from Horncastle. The manorial estates belong to -Lady Banks. The church, which is a small building, -consisting of a tower, nave and chancel, contains a marble -tablet, on which is the following inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lies the Body of NORREYS FYNES, Esq. -Grandson to Sir Henry Clinton, commonly called Fynes, eldest Son -of Henry Earl of Lincoln, by his Second Wife, Daughter of Sir -Richard Morrison, and Mother of Francis Lord Norreys, afterwards -Earl of Berkshire. He had by his much beloved and only Wife -Elizabeth, who lies by him, Twelve Children, of which Four Sons -and Two Daughters were living at his decease, which happened on -the 10th of January 1735–6 in the 75th year of his -age. From the Revolution he always liv’d a Nonjuror, -which rendered him incapable of any other Publick Employment -(tho’ by his Great Abilitys and Known Courage equal to the -most Difficult and Dangerous) than that of being Steward to two -great Familys, wherein he distinguish’d himself during his -Service of 40 years a most Faithful and Prudent Manager, of a -most Virtuous and Religious Life. His paternal Estate he -left without any addition to his Son <span -class="smcap">Kendal</span> his next heir. His eldest Son -<span class="smcap">Charles</span> was buried here the 26th of -August 1722, aged 36 years, whose Pleasant Disposition -adorn’d by many virtues which he acquir’d by his -Studys in Oxford made his death much lamented by all his -Acquaintance.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>There also occur two other tablets; one to the memory of the -Rev. Arthur Rockcliffe, who died in 1798, aged 71; the other to -the memory of Charles Pilkington, Esq. who died in 1798, aged 75, -and of Abigail his wife, who died in 1817, aged 80. <a -name="citation44"></a><a href="#footnote44" -class="citation">[44]</a> The rectory, united to that of -Haltham in 1741, is in the presentation of the Honorable and -Reverend Champion Dymoke.</p> -<h3>HALTHAM,</h3> -<p>Called in the Domesday survey Holtham, is about five miles -distant <a name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -45</span>from Horncastle. The manorial estates, which -comprise almost the whole of the parish, once belonged to the -Marmyons of Scrivelsby, and are now possessed by the Champion -Dymoke, a descendant of the female branch of that family. -The church, which appears to have suffered much from time, has in -its pristine state possessed a considerable share of -architectural merit. A large window at the eastern end -contains very fine tracery, and at one time, together with some -of the other windows, exhibited a large portion of stained glass, -of which only one piece, containing the arms of La Warre, is now -remaining. <a name="citation45"></a><a href="#footnote45" -class="citation">[45]</a> The rectory, united to that of -Roughton in 1741, is in the presentation of the lord of the -manor.</p> -<h3><a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>WOOD -ENDERBY,</h3> -<p>In the Domesday record written Endrebi, is about five miles -distant from Horncastle. The manor is the property of Lady -Banks. The church is a small uninteresting building. -The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of the curacy.</p> -<h3>MOORBY,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Morebi, is about five miles distant from -Horncastle. The manorial estates, comprising the principal -part of the parish, are the property of Lady Banks. The -church is totally destitute of interest. The Bishop of -Carlisle is patron of the rectory.</p> -<h3>WILKSBY,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Wilchesbi, is about six miles distant from -Horncastle. The manor is the property of Lady Banks. -The church is a small modern erection. The Champion Dymoke -is patron of the rectory.</p> -<h3>MAREHAM LE FEN,</h3> -<p>In the Domesday book called Marun, and in old writings Marum, -is about seven miles distant from Horncastle, and situated on the -verge of the recently enclosed fenny district, from whence it has -received its appellation. The manor is the property of Lady -Banks; it having been purchased, together with the three before -mentioned manors, by an ancestor of the late Sir Joseph Banks, -above a century ago. The manor house, which has for several -years been occupied by Mr. James Roberts, possesses from its -adjoining gardens, a considerable share of interest. Having -accompanied Sir Joseph Banks, in the first voyage of Captain Cook -round the world, Mr. Roberts has sought to associate with the -rural simplicities of an English garden, such objects of -curiosity as a pleasurable recollection of those scenes had -furnished. In addition to numerous rustic and ornamental -seats, the gardens are embellished with huts resembling those of -Terra del Fuego and New Holland; and also a small museum of -curiosities, principally from the South Sea islands. A -visit to this spot is always an agreeable recreation. The -following lines were written after a visit here, by a native of -Jamaica.</p> -<h4><a name="page47"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -47</span>SONNET,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">WRITTEN AFTER A VISIT TO THE GARDENS AT -MAREHAM.</span></h4> -<blockquote><p> Dear is the rural scene that -Fancy loves,<br /> - Where tuneful Rapture chants th’ -enliv’ning song,<br /> - In wildest warblings to the darkling groves,<br /> - Pouring in wildest mood the strains along;<br /> - While Echo, from the leafy bowers among,<br /> - Gives a soft cadence to the songster’s -tale,<br /> - A mingled sweetness to the warbling throng,<br /> - That comes in whispers on the balmy gale.<br /> - These, Mareham, with thy spreading greenwood -shade,<br /> - Thy silent waters, and thy mossy cell,<br /> - Breathe such a charm, that oft Delight has -strayed,<br /> - With ling’ring steps, ’mid scenes she -lov’d so well;<br /> - And when fond Mem’ry shall thy joys renew,<br -/> -She’ll tell with musing voice her sweet, her last -adieu.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The church consists of a tower, a nave with north and south -aisles, and a chancel. <a name="citation47"></a><a -href="#footnote47" class="citation">[47]</a> In the chancel -is a tablet to the memory of the Rev. Henry Shepherd, who was -rector of this parish thirty-four years, and died in January -1764, aged 62. The advowson of the rectory belongs to the -Bishop of Carlisle.</p> -<h3>CONINGSBY,</h3> -<p>In Domesday Cuningesbi, is a considerable village on the banks -of <a name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 48</span>the -river Bane, about eight miles from Horncastle. The manor, -which was once possessed by the Marmions of Wintringham, has for -many years belonged to the Heathcote family, and is now the -property of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Baronet, of Normanton in -Rutlandshire. The church consists of a tower of excellent -masonry, a nave, two aisles, and a chancel. <a -name="citation48"></a><a href="#footnote48" -class="citation">[48]</a> The rectory, which is in the -presentation of the lord <a name="page49"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 49</span>of the manor, was for several years -held by the Reverend John Dyer, the poet. It was here that -he finished his didactic poem of “The <a -name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -50</span>Fleece.” He died at this place in 1758, and -lies buried in the church; but there is no inscription to -perpetuate his memory. A congregation of General Baptists -was formed at this place, during the government of Cromwell: the -society still exists, with an endowment for the minister.</p> -<h3>LANGRIVILLE AND THORNTON LE FEN.</h3> -<p>The lands composing these parishes were chiefly those sold by -the commissioners appointed under the act for draining and -enclosing Wildmore Fen; Langriville also contains the portion -allotted to the Earl of Stamford and Warrington, in lieu of his -manorial rights over <a name="page51"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 51</span>Armtree and Wildmore. In 1812, -an act of parliament was passed, rendering these lands, with -others, parochial, and approximating these two parishes to the -soke of Horncastle.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">POPULATION.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td style='vertical-align: middle' rowspan='2'><p -style="text-align: center">Parishes.</p> -</td> -<td rowspan='2'><p>No. of Families in 1588.</p> -</td> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center">In 1801</p> -</td> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center">In 1811.</p> -</td> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center">In 1821.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Houses.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Persons.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Houses.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Persons.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Houses.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Persons.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Horncastle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">164</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">424</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2015</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">553</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">2622</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">672</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">3058</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Thimbleby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">224</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">65</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">316</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">75</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">384</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>West Ashby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">44</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">67</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">297</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">76</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">370</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">91</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">378</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Low Tointon</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">49</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">16</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">98</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">95</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>High Tointon</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">18</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">14</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">93</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">24</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">121</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">33</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">159</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Mareham on the Hill</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">22</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">22</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">110</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">23</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">122</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">23</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">133</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Roughton</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">30</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">23</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">110</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">22</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">106</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">23</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">110</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Haltham</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">29</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">115</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">29</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">143</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">37</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">196</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Wood Enderby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">24</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">30</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">153</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">31</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">183</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">31</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">178</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Moorby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">19</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">24</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">79</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">24</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">105</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">21</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">118</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Wilksby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">54</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">53</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">58</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Mareham le Fen</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">87</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">98</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">383</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">104</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">487</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">126</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">609</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Coningsby</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">221</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">302</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1301</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">326</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1658</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">349</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">1651</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Langriville</p> -</td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">36</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">195</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Thornton le Fen</p> -</td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">23</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">141</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -53</span>BAUMBER.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> village of Baumber or Bamburgh -is situated in the hundred of Gartree, about four miles northward -of Horncastle, on the turnpike road leading from that place to -Lincoln. In the Domesday survey it is called Badeburgh, -which perhaps may signify Bane-burgh, or a town on the Bane, that -river forming the eastern boundary of the parish. At the -period of making that survey, Ulf and Gilbert de Gand are -mentioned as proprietors. <a name="citation53a"></a><a -href="#footnote53a" class="citation">[53a]</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p53b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire" -title= -"Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire" - src="images/p53s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The manor, together with the adjoining hamlet of Stourton -parva, once belonged to Thomas Dighton, Esquire, whose daughter -and heiress was married to Edward Clinton, second son of the -first Earl of Lincoln. On failure of male issue in the -elder branch, the earldom devolved to the son of this Edward, -whose successors afterwards had the Dukedom of Newcastle -conferred on them. These estates continued in the -possession of this family until the latter part of the last -century, when they were sold to Thomas Livesey, Esquire, of -Blackbourn, in the county of Lancaster, whose son, Joseph -Livesey, Esquire, the present proprietor, resides thereon, in an -elegant mansion, which was completed in 1810. Part of the -residence of the Earls of Lincoln is still standing.</p> -<p>The church at Baumber with all its appurtenances, and eight -oxgangs of land, were given by Gilbert de Gaunt to the monks at -Bridlington, which grant Pope Innocent the fourth, and the Bishop -of Lincoln confirmed. <a name="citation53b"></a><a -href="#footnote53b" class="citation">[53b]</a> It is now a -donative, extrajudicial. It was rebuilt about sixty years -ago, and is a very neat brick structure, consisting of a tower, a -<a name="page54"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 54</span>nave with -side aisles, and a chancel. <a name="citation54"></a><a -href="#footnote54" class="citation">[54]</a> Under the -chancel is the vault of the Newcastle family, which was their -place of sepulture previous to disposing of their estates in this -parish. Over the vault are the following inscriptions:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lieth the Body of Francis Clinton -al’s Fynes Esq. Grandson of Henry Lord Clinton Earl of -Lincoln who departed this life Feb. 5 Anno Dom. 1681.”</p> -<p>“Here lieth the Body of Priscilla the Wife of Francis -Clinton al’s Fynes Esq. who departed this life Febr. 15 -Anno Dom. 1679.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>In the north aisle is a stone with this inscription in black -letters around the verge:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Orate p’ a’iabus Joh’es -Eland armig’i Alicie et Elisabeth uxor ejusde’ qui -Joh’es obijt xix die marcii aº d’ni millo -cccclxxiii cuj’ q’rs a’iabs -p’pciet’ de.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>In 1821, the population of this parish amounted to 319, and -the number of houses to 51.</p> -<h2><a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -55</span>EDLINGTON.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">At</span> the time of forming the Domesday -survey, this place, then called Tedlintune formed part of the -soke of Horncastle; <a name="citation55"></a><a -href="#footnote55" class="citation">[55]</a> but is now comprised -in the hundred of Gartree. It is very pleasantly situated -about two miles northward of Horncastle, near to the road leading -from that place to Lincoln.</p> -<p>The manorial estates comprising the chief part of the parish, -are the property of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire, a descendant -of a female branch of the family of that name, which he adopted -on coming into possession of the estates. The manor house, -the seat of the proprietor, though not of regular architecture, -acquires an agreeable effect from the grove in which it is -situated. From the house the prospect to the south-west, -over the adjacent level country, is both extensive and -pleasing.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p55b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire" -title= -"Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire" - src="images/p55s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The church is a small building possessing no claim to -attention. The vicarage is in the gift of the Duchy of -Lancaster. The rectorial tythes belong to the grammar -school at Oakham, in the county of Rutland.</p> -<p>On under-draining a field in this parish, in the latter part -of the year 1819, several heaps of ox bones were dug up, and with -each heap an urn of baked clay, apparently of Roman manufacture; -but unfortunately none of the urns were taken up whole. To -account for these relics being found here, it is probable that on -this spot a Roman sacrifice had been celebrated, in honor of some -deity, on the occasion of a victory, or in the exercise of other -pagan rites.</p> -<p>Annexed to this parish is the hamlet or manor of Poolham, -anciently called Polum. It formed part of the barony of -Gilbert de Gaunt until about the thirty-fifth year of Edward the -first, when <a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -56</span>Robert de Barkeworthe died seized of it; <a -name="citation56a"></a><a href="#footnote56a" -class="citation">[56a]</a> and it appears to have been the -residence of Walterus de Barkeworthe, who died in 1347, and was -buried in the cloister of Lincoln cathedral. Afterwards it -was the residence of the family of Thimbleby, a branch of the -Thimblebys of Irnham, <a name="citation56b"></a><a -href="#footnote56b" class="citation">[56b]</a> who probably built -the mansion house within the ancient moat, about the time of -Henry the eighth. The Savilles of Howley in the County of -York, enjoyed the estate in the reign of Elizabeth, and in 1600, -Sir John Saville, Knight, sold it to George Bolles, Esquire, -citizen of London, whose descendant Sir John Bolles, Baronet, -conveyed the same to Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, -Knight, and it is now the inheritance of Edmund Turnor, Esquire. -<a name="citation56c"></a><a href="#footnote56c" -class="citation">[56c]</a></p> -<p>Within the moat, beside the mansion house, are the remains of -a chapel, built of stone, a font, and a grave-stone with the date -1527.</p> -<p>In 1821, the parish of Edlington contained 37 houses, and 263 -inhabitants.</p> -<h2><a name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -57</span>TUPHOLME.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> village of Tupholme stands -nearly a mile from the north bank of the river Witham, at the -distance of seven miles west by north from Horncastle; and is -contained in the hundred of Wraggoe. <a name="citation57a"></a><a -href="#footnote57a" class="citation">[57a]</a></p> -<p>In the time of Henry the second, an Abbey of premonstratensian -canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was founded here, by Allan -de Nevill and Gilbert his brother, and endowed by them with their -possessions in this place, together with estates in other parts -of the county. This abbey also had numerous benefactions in -lands and churches, from other persons; and the king gave a -canal, so large, that ships might pass between the Witham and -Tupholme. These gifts were confirmed to the abbot and -canons, by charter, from Henry the third, in the twentieth year -of his reign. <a name="citation57b"></a><a href="#footnote57b" -class="citation">[57b]</a> At the dissolution of -monasteries, this abbey contained nine religious: and in the -thirtieth year of Henry the eighth, the scite was granted to Sir -Thomas Henneage.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p57b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Remains of Tupholme Abbey" -title= -"Remains of Tupholme Abbey" - src="images/p57s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Of the abbey, a wall only is now remaining, the upper part of -which appears to have formed a side of the refectory or dining -hall. It contains lancet windows, and a small gallery, in -which the person sat who read to the brethren during their meals: -a practice which was common in all monasteries, and anciently in -colleges. The story beneath the refectory appears to have -been vaulted, and was probably used as a cellar. Adjoining -to the ruins is a farm house, which has been built out of part of -the materials. The gate house, now gone, was standing when -Dr. Stukeley visited this place in 1716. A view of it is -engraved in the Itinerarium Curiosum.</p> -<p><a name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>The -manorial estate, comprising the whole parish, is the property of -Robert Vyner, Esquire, of Gautby, by an ancestor of whom it was -purchased in the early part of the last century.</p> -<p>The church has been long since demolished. The benefice -is a vicarage in the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p59b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Ancient Cross at Somersby" -title= -"Ancient Cross at Somersby" - src="images/p59s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h2><a name="page59"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -59</span>SOMERSBY.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> village of Somersby is -pleasantly situated on the wolds, in the hundred of Hill, at -about the distance of six miles east from Horncastle.</p> -<p>The manorial estates, which comprise the whole parish, have -for many years been the property of a family named Burton. -The present proprietor is William Raynor Burton, Esquire, which -latter name he assumed on coming into possession of the estates -on the death of his uncle, Robert Burton, Esquire, of -Lincoln.</p> -<p>On the south side of the church, near to the porch, is an -elegant stone cross, which having escaped both the ravages of -time, and the destruction of the Puritans, remains in so perfect -a state as to be justly esteemed of unrivalled excellence and -beauty. The extreme height of it, including the subcourse, -is fifteen feet. The shaft is octagonal, and decorated with -a capital, surmounted by a coronal of small embattlements. -The cross, with its pediment, which rises from this, is -ornamented on the south face with the representation of the -crucified founder of the christian faith, and on the opposite -side with that of the virgin and child.</p> -<p>The church is a small building, consisting of a tower, nave, -and chancel, and is void of architectural interest. <a -name="citation59"></a><a href="#footnote59" -class="citation">[59]</a> In the wall at the end of the -chancel is a plate of brass, on which is sculptured the -representation of a person full robed, kneeling on a cushion, -before a reading <a name="page60"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -60</span>desk, in the sinister upper corner is a shield -containing arms, and under the figure this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lyeth GEORGE LITTLEBVRY of Somersby -seventh Sonne of Thomas Littlebvry of Stainsbie Esq. who died the -13 daye of Octob. in y<sup>e</sup> yeare of our Lord 1612 being -abovt the age of 73 yeares.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The shield contains these arms:—1. Two lioncels statant -guardant in pale. 2. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Barry of six; 2 -and 3 A bend. 3. Three shackle bolts. 4. A mullet -between three crescents, a dexter canton. On the fesse -point a rose for difference.</p> -<p>Against the skreen between the nave and chancel is a marble -tablet surmounted by a shield containing the arms of <span -class="smcap">Burton</span>, Sable, a chevron argent, between -three owls argent, ducally crowned or; the crest, an owl argent, -crowned as before. Under the arms is this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lieth Mrs. KATH. BURTON Daughter of -Richard Langhorne Esq. She died Aug. 25 A.D. 1742. -Also ROBERT BURTON, Esq. Citizen of London, Husband of the said -Mrs. Katherine Burton. He died Nov. 30 1753.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The advowson of the rectory belongs to the lord of the -manor.</p> -<p>In a woody dell in this parish is a spring, gently bursting -from the rock, called Holy-well, but the name of the saint to -whom it was dedicated is not preserved.</p> -<p>According to the returns of 1821, this village at that time -contained 12 houses and 96 inhabitants.</p> -<blockquote><p>“The Topcliffes were an ancient family at -Somersby, of which family Richard Topcliffe was the -representative in 1592. He was the eldest son of Robert -Topcliffe, by Margaret, one of the daughters of Thomas Lord -Borough, and married Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Willoughby, of -Wollaton, Nottinghamshire, and had issue Charles his heir, and -three other sons who died infants, and a daughter Susannah. -He was a most implacable persecutor of the Roman Catholics, so -much so, that the use of the rack and other tortures were called -Topcliffian customs.” <a name="citation60"></a><a -href="#footnote60" class="citation">[60]</a></p> -</blockquote> -<h2><a name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -61</span>SCRIVELSBY.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">About</span> two miles south of -Horncastle, on the road leading from that place to Boston, stands -the village of Scrivelsby, which is included in the Hundred of -Gartree.</p> -<p>At the time of compiling the Domesday survey, it appears that -part of this parish, then called Scrivelesbi, was annexed to the -Soke of Horncastle, which was then retained by the conqueror. <a -name="citation61a"></a><a href="#footnote61a" -class="citation">[61a]</a> By the same record, the manor -appears to have been then holden by Robert de Spenser, but by -what service is not said. How it passed from De Spenser to -the family of Marmyon; whether by inheritance, or escheat of the -crown, and subsequent grant, cannot now be ascertained. It -was however shortly after in the tenure of Robert Marmyon, whose -male descendants enjoyed the same until the twentieth year of -Edward the first, 1292, when Philip the last Lord Marmyon died -seized of this manor, holden by barony, and the service of -champion to the kings of England on their coronation day; and -seized also of the castle of Tamworth in Warwickshire, held -therewith as parcel of his barony, but by the service of -knight’s fees, to attend the king in his wars in Wales. <a -name="citation61b"></a><a href="#footnote61b" -class="citation">[61b]</a> This Philip had only female -issue, and between them his great estates here, in Warwickshire, -Leicestershire, and elsewhere, were divided. By this -partition, the manor and barony of Scrivelsby were allotted to -Joan, the youngest daughter, by whose grand-daughter and heir the -same passed in marriage to Sir John Dymoke, who, with Margaret -his wife, had livery thereof in the twenty-third year of Edward -the third.</p> -<p><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>At the -coronation of Richard the second, Sir John Dymoke claimed in -right of his wife, to perform the office of champion: this right -was counterclaimed by Baldwin Freville, who, as lord of Tamworth, -also claimed to perform that service; but the commissioners of -the court of claims deciding in favor of Sir John Dymoke, he -performed that office; and from that period to the present time, -nearly five hundred years, their male issue have continued in -possession of the same inheritance. The present champion, -the Reverend John Dymoke, is the seventeenth of his family, from -Sir John Dymoke, who has inherited that high and singular office. -<a name="citation62"></a><a href="#footnote62" -class="citation">[62]</a></p> -<p><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 63</span>The -chief part of Scrivelsby Court, the ancient baronial seat, was -destroyed by fire, between fifty and sixty years ago. In -the part consumed was a very large hall, on the pannels of the -wainscottings of which were depicted the various arms and -alliances of the family, through all its numerous and far traced -descents. The loss has been in some degree compensated for, -by the addition which the late proprietor recently made to those -parts which escaped the ravages of the fire.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p63b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church" -title= -"Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church" - src="images/p63s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The church is a small building, consisting of a nave, with a -north aisle, and a chancel. At the eastern end of the aisle -are two tombs, on one of which is the figure of a knight, in -chain armour, cross-legged; on the other that of a lady, with a -lion at her feet. By the side of these is the tomb of Sir -Robert Dymoke, who was champion at the coronations of Richard the -third, Henry the seventh, and Henry the eighth; by the last of -whom he was made a knight banneret. On the top of the tomb -is a plate of brass, on which is sculptured his figure in full -armour, in a recumbent posture, with his helmet under his head, -and a lion at his feet. Above him is a shield, containing -arms, and under him is the following inscription, in black -letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here liethe the Body of sir Robert Demoke -of Screvelsby knight & baronet who departed owt of this -present lyfe the xv day of Apryl in y<sup>e</sup> yere of our -lord god mdlxv upon whose sowle almighte god have m’ci -Amen.” <a name="citation63"></a><a href="#footnote63" -class="citation">[63]</a></p> -</blockquote> -<p><a name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 64</span>The -shield contains these arms:</p> -<p class="gutindent">1. <span -class="smcap">Dymoke</span>. Sable, two lions passant in -pale argent, ducally crowned or.</p> -<p class="gutindent">2. <span -class="smcap">Marmyon</span>. Vairè, a fesse gules, -frettè or.</p> -<p class="gutindent">3. <span -class="smcap">Hebden</span>. Ermine, five fusils in fesse -gules.</p> -<p class="gutindent">4. <span -class="smcap">Rye</span>. Gules, on a bend argent three -ears of rye proper.</p> -<p class="gutindent">5. <span -class="smcap">Welles</span>. Or, a lion rampant double -tailed sable.</p> -<p class="gutindent">6. <span -class="smcap">Engaine</span>. Gules, a fesse dauncette -between six crosselets or.</p> -<p class="gutindent">7. <span -class="smcap">Waterton</span>. Barry of six ermine and -gules, three crescents sable.</p> -<p class="gutindent">8. <span -class="smcap">Hastings</span>. Or, a manche gules.</p> -<p class="gutindent">9. <span -class="smcap">Ludlow</span>. Azure, three lions passant -guardant in pale, argent.</p> -<p class="gutindent">10. <span -class="smcap">Sparrow</span>. Argent, six martlets sable, -three, two, and one; on a chief indented gules, two swords in -saltire, points upwards, proper, between two lions heads -erased.</p> -<p>Beside these arms, the sides and ends of the tomb were -ornamented with others contained in eight shields of brass, none -of which are now remaining.</p> -<p>On the floor of the aisle is a stone which has once contained -a brass figure, with corner shields and an inscription, all which -are now gone.</p> -<p>On the floor at the south side of the communion table is a -plate of copper, on which is this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Under this Stone lyes Sir Charles Dymoke, -Knight, who was Champion at the Coronation of King James the -2d. On his left hand lyes the Lady Dymoke; next to her, the -Honourable Lewis Dymoke, their youngest son; next to him lies -Capt. Dymoke, the eldest son of Sir Charles, who died in France; -next to him, Mrs. Dymoke, Daughter of Sir Charles; at the head of -Sir Charles lyes Mrs. Eliz. Dymoke, the youngest daughter of Sir -Charles Dymoke.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On the floor at the north side of the communion table, is a -stone, containing this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Here lyeth the Body of the Honourable -CHARLES DYMOKE Esq. of Scrielsby, Champion of England, who -departed this life the 17th day of January, and in the year of -our Lord, 1702.</p> -<p>“This Gravestone was laid at the proper cost and charge -of His widow, Jane Dymoke, and in the year 1726.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Against the south wall of the chancel is a very handsome -marble monument, ornamented with a bust of the individual whose -memory it perpetuates, at the top is a shield containing the arms -of <span class="smcap">Dymoke</span>, with the crest, a sword -erect; and underneath is the following inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Near this place lieth Interr’d the -Body of the Honourable LEWIS DYMOKE, Esq. late Champion of -England, who performed that service <a name="page65"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 65</span>at the Coronation of King George the -1st and King George the 2d. He was the youngest Son of Sir -Charles Dymoke and Eleanor his wife, eldest Daughter of the first -Lord Rockingham. He departed this Life on the 5th of -February 1760, in the 91st Year of his Age.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On the north side of the chancel is a mural tablet containing -this inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Sacred to the Memory of the Honourable JOHN -DYMOKE of Scrivelsby, in this county, Champion of England, who -performed that service at the Coronation of His Majesty George -3d, and whose body lieth interred in a Vault near this place: He -departed this life, March 6th. 1784. Aged 52 -years.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Against the south wall is the following inscription on a small -marble tablet:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Sacred to the Memory of LEWIS JONES, -Esquire, of Great Hale in this County, who departed this Life May -1st 1786. Aged 71 Years.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The rectory, united in 1741 to that of the adjoining village -of Dalderby, is in the presentation of the lord of the manor.</p> -<p>On the inclosure of Wildmore Fen, pursuant to an act of -parliament obtained for that purpose in 1801, a portion thereof -was allotted to this parish, in lieu of right of common.</p> -<p>By the returns of 1821, this parish at that period contained -24 houses, and 153 inhabitants.</p> -<h2><a name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -66</span>BOLINGBROKE.</h2> -<h3>SITUATION.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Bolingbroke</span>, a decayed market town, -is distant about eight miles south east from Horncastle, and -gives name to the soke wherein it is situated. The town is -seated on a clear, rapid brook, from which the name is derived, -and which runs along a peculiar deep recess of rugged sand-stone -hills, which suddenly terminate at the northern border of the -adjacent fen district. Embayed amid these deep declivities, -and having but one narrow outlet into the level land, it is a -matter of no surprize that its importance as a place of security -was not overlooked in the feodal times, when it became further -strengthened by a castle.</p> -<h3>THE MANOR.</h3> -<p>The manor appears to have been, from an early period, -connected with the dignity of the Earldom of Lincoln. -Ranulph, an illustrious nobleman, marrying Lucia, widow of Roger -de Romara, sister, and heiress of Morcar, the Saxon Earl of -Northumberland and Lincoln, delivered the estates, amongst which -was this lordship, to Henry the first, for the dignity of the -Earldom of Chester. Against this, William de Romara, son of -Lucia by her former husband, appealed to the king, but in -vain. William however strengthening by his interest the -rebellion in Normandy which had been raised by Robert, the eldest -son of the conqueror and brother of the king; Henry, to appease -his wrath, and obtain his favor, was in the twenty-second year of -his reign, induced to restore to him the estates of his mother -Lucia, and invest him with the Earldom of Lincoln. After -this, exchanging certain lands in Normandy with Robert de Tillol -for the lordships of Hareby, Enderby, and Hundleby, parts of this -soke, William was <a name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -67</span>invited by the security of the situation, to erect his -castle at Bolingbroke. About the same time asserting the -rights of the Empress Maud, in her contentions with Stephen for -the throne, he greatly contributed to her early successes, -particularly at the siege of Lincoln.</p> -<p>By his wife Maud, the daughter of Richard de Redvers, he had -issue a son named William, who married Hawise daughter of Stephen -Earl of Albemarle; but dying in the life time of his father, the -estates descended to his son, also called William. This -William, the third of that name, to further improve his fortress, -and add to the advantages of its situation, procured from Simon -Briton, who also held lands in these parts, remission of all his -claims in the whole marsh of Bolingbroke, and from Jeffrey Fitz -Stephens, the superior of the Knights Templar, a full release of -their interest in all the fens belonging to this manor, and its -soke, which William de Romara his grandfather had given to -them.</p> -<p>This last mentioned individual of the family of Romara died -without issue, and in him the male line of the family ceased; -which appears from Gilbert de Gaunt, after being a suppliant -prisoner when fighting on the side of Stephen at the siege of -Lincoln, and compelled by the first William de Romara to marry -his daughter Hawise, becoming in her right possessor of this -manor, and receiving also the Earldom of Lincoln.</p> -<p>Gilbert de Gaunt, died in the second year of the reign of -Henry the second, and left issue, two daughters, Alice and -Gunnora; the former of whom was married to Simon de St. Liz, Earl -of Huntingdon, who is said to have enjoyed, during her life time, -the Earldom of Lincoln, and with it this lordship. Alice as -well as her sister Gunnora dying without issue, their uncle -Robert de Gaunt, though unallied by blood, became their heir, and -possessed himself of these estates. Gilbert his son -succeeded him; but joining the cause of the barons against King -John, and afterwards against his son and successor, Henry the -third, he was defeated at Lincoln, taken prisoner, and these -estates conferred upon Ranulph de Meschines, surnamed de -Blundeville, Earl of Chester, who being third in descent from -Ranulph Earl of Chester, by his wife Lucia, the widow of Roger de -Romara, had, independent of the claims on his sovereign for -aiding in firmly establishing his family on the throne, a natural -right, superior to that of the family of de Gaunt. Ranulph -de Blundeville dying without <a name="page68"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 68</span>issue, his sisters became his -co-heiresses; but he had during his life time assigned by charter -to one of them, named Hawise, the Earldom of Lincoln, and with it -this manor and castle.</p> -<p>Robert, son and heir of Sayer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, -marrying Hawise, left issue, a daughter, Margaret, who was -married to John de Laci, a descendant of the Barons of -Pontefract. John de Laci received from Henry the third a -charter of confirmation of the Earldom of Lincoln, and the -inheritances which he possessed by his wife Margaret de -Quincy.</p> -<p>Edmund his son dying before his mother, did not inherit the -Earldom, though he received the tertium denarium of the -county. He left issue, Henry, John, and Margaret, the -former of whom succeeded to this manor and the Earldom of -Lincoln; and is said to have been the most exalted nobleman of -his time. He is stated to have been illustrious in counsel, -undaunted in the fight, chief among the warriors of his country, -and in fine, the brightest ornament of the reign. <a -name="citation68"></a><a href="#footnote68" -class="citation">[68]</a> His sons dying young, he -bequeathed by will all his possessions to the heirs of Edmund -Plantagenet, in case of failure of issue by his daughter -Alice. Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund -Plantagenet, marrying Alice, held in her right, the estates of -her father Henry de Laci, who, on his death bed, desirous that -his son in law should be ennobled not only by the attendant -riches, but also by the influence of his example, enjoined him to -devote his power to secure the liberties of his country. -But the proud and resolute spirit of the Earl of Lancaster needed -no such injunctions to spur him on to action. Indignant -that Hugh de Spenser should enjoy the favor of his sovereign, -Edward the second, he after effecting the destruction of Piers -Gaveston, broke out into open rebellion: defeated however at -Boroughbridge, he was ignominiously put to death at his castle of -Pontefract, and his estates forfeited to the crown. The -inheritances which were, as has been before noticed, the right of -his wife, were still reserved to her: but having borne an -indifferent reputation for chastity; following the impulses of -her amours in the life time of her late husband, and after his -death marrying without the consent of the king to Eubold le -Estrange; the king, with whom but trivial pretences were -sufficient for <a name="page69"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -69</span>abridging the powers of any individual allied to his -haughty relatives of the house of Lancaster, seized for this -breach of fealty, or homage, all the inheritance which she held -of the crown in chief, among which were this manor, and that of -Denbigh, and conferred the whole on his favorite Hugh de -Spenser.</p> -<p>Henry, brother of Thomas the late Earl of Lancaster, procured -in the first parliament after the accession of Edward the third, -a remission of the forfeited estates of the family; and upon the -death of the countess Alice, the wife of his late brother, her -honors and splendid inheritances devolved to him, partly by the -will of her father Henry de Laci, and partly by reason of a -render made by him to Edward the first, and a re-grant by charter -from that monarch to the heirs of Henry de Laci, with remainder -to the heirs of Edmund Plantagenet.</p> -<p>Henry Earl of Lancaster died without male issue, but left two -daughters Maud and Blanche; the former of whom married William of -Bavaria, and left no issue; but Blanche became the sole heir of -her father, and married John of Gaunt, who, by reason of the -inheritances, was created Duke of Lancaster. By her he had -issue, at the castle at this place, the celebrated Henry of -Bolingbroke; upon whose accession to the throne, the whole -patrimony, through the line of Lancaster, became invested in the -crown; and in his reign was counted one of the manorial -possessions of the king, denominated honors.</p> -<h3>THE CASTLE.</h3> -<p>On the south side of the town is the scite of the castle, -which is now only to be distinguished by the traces of its -foundations, encompassed by a moat.</p> -<p>The seclusion of this spot amongst steep hills, with only an -opening to the level country, southward, rendered it in the early -mode of warfare a desirable situation for a place of defence, -since it was at all times secure from the emergencies of a sudden -surprise. The advantages of such a situation were not -overlooked by William de Romara, who about the early part of the -reign of king Stephen, erected his castle at this place.</p> -<p>From the testimony of Mr. Gervase Holles, who is the only -person that has left us a description of this castle, it appears -to have been a very spacious square edifice, characterized in its -construction by <a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -70</span>strength and uniformity, and containing beside numerous -apartments, all the conveniences of warfare. <a -name="citation70"></a><a href="#footnote70" -class="citation">[70]</a> By queen Elizabeth it was -improved <a name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -71</span>by elegant and extensive erections, and though -afterwards neglected, yet it remained a place of importance down -to the time of the civil wars in the reign of Charles the first, -when for some time it withstood a siege by the parliamentary -forces.</p> -<p>After the defeat of the royal army at Winceby, this castle was -compelled to yield to the army of the parliament, who, after -dismantling it, left it silently to decay. For a many years -part of a circular building, said to be the gate-house, continued -standing; but in May 1815, the last remaining fragment of this -once formidable structure fell to the ground.</p> -<p>To the east of the enclosure may be seen the entrenchments, -behind which the assailants, in 1643, protected themselves in -their attack on this castle.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p71b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 1813" -title= -"Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 1813" - src="images/p71s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h3>THE CHURCH.</h3> -<p>The church being occupied by the parliamentary forces when -they stormed the castle, was almost entirely demolished by the -cannon of that fortress.</p> -<p>The part now remaining, is situated a short distance north of -the scite of the castle, and consists of a tower, and a part -appropriated for public worship, which was once the southern -aisle of the original edifice. It is built of sand stone, -and if the delicate tracery of its windows be excepted, it -contains but little architectural beauty. These windows -were once ornamented with richly stained glass, of which not a -fragment is now remaining. <a name="citation71"></a><a -href="#footnote71" class="citation">[71]</a></p> -<p><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 72</span>There -is yet preserved in this church the mutilated remains of an -embroidered cloth for the communion table, said to have been -wrought by one of the Duchesses of Lancaster.</p> -<p>Two chantries, which formerly were attached to this church, -were suppressed at the dissolution of religious houses, in the -twenty-sixth year of the reign of Henry the eighth.</p> -<p>The rectory is in the presentation of Lady Eyre of Mortlake, -in Surrey.</p> -<h3>THE TOWN.</h3> -<p>At so early a period as the time of forming the Domesday -survey, this town appears to have arisen into some consideration -as a place of trade, being possessed of a market, which however -is in that record denominated a new one. <a -name="citation72"></a><a href="#footnote72" -class="citation">[72]</a></p> -<p>For a many years it was considered one of the principal market -towns of the county of Lincoln; but its trade, for some time -previous to the destruction of the castle, had been gradually -withdrawing to <a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -73</span>other places more conveniently situated; and afterwards -the town fell rapidly into decay, and its market became wholly -unfrequented.</p> -<p>Although it may be at present identified as a mere village; -yet its widely detached houses, partially paved streets, and -grass grown market place, connected with the mounds of the castle -which once adorned the spot, evince sufficiently that there has -been a time when destitution was not the characteristic of the -town of Bolingbroke.</p> -<p>An attempt has lately been made to revive the market, on a -portion of land allotted to this parish on the enclosure of the -fens, in lieu of right of common thereon. An annual fair on -the tenth of July, is held both at this town and on the fen -allotment.</p> -<p>There is a free school at this place, founded and endowed in -1588, by a Mr. Chamberlain.</p> -<p>In 1821, this parish contained 158 houses, and 753 -inhabitants.</p> -<p>Bolingbroke gives the title of viscount to the family of St. -John, of Lydiard Tregoze, in Wiltshire.</p> -<h2><a name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -74</span>REVESBY.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">Revesby</span> is situated at the distance -of six miles south from Horncastle, on the road from that place -to Boston, and is included in the soke of Bolingbroke.</p> -<p>What now constitutes the parish of Revesby, appears formerly -to have been three distinct manors, Revesby, Thoresby, and -Seithesby; the greater part of which was the property of William -de Romara, Earl of Lincoln. In the year 1142 he founded a -Cistertian monastery at this place, and previous to endowing it -with the whole of his possessions here, he negotiated exchanges -with the other proprietors, by which he was enabled to give the -entirety of the three manors to his new monastery. <a -name="citation74"></a><a href="#footnote74" -class="citation">[74]</a></p> -<p>To add to the solemnity of the ceremony of foundation, the -Earl on this occasion manumitted several slaves, who had -petitioned for their liberty. One of them, called Wilhelmus -Medicus, was doubtless a physician; another, Rogerus Barkarius, -probably a shepherd: the surnames of persons at that time being -derived from their professions. A person named Roger Barker -resided until lately at a place called Stickney Wydale. -This place belongs to the parish of Revesby, though about four -miles distant, and is supposed to have been given to the monks, -on condition of their keeping Nordyke Causeway, formerly a -dangerous pass, in repair.</p> -<p>Beside the endowment of William de Romara, the monastery was -enriched by numerous other benefactions. At the dissolution -of religious houses, its possessions with all its rights were -granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; and on the death of -his two infant sons, who survived him only a short time, their -extensive possessions were divided among the heirs general. -On this division, Revesby fell <a name="page75"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 75</span>to the lot of the Carsey family, who -resided here several years, and afterwards sold it to the Lord -Treasurer Burleigh, from whom it descended to the first and -second Earls of Exeter; the latter of whom settled it on his -grandson, Henry Howard, the third son of the Earl of -Berkshire. About a century ago it was sold by the -descendants of Henry Howard, to Joseph Banks, Esquire, the great -grandfather of the late Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, -Baronet, whose widow is the present possessor.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p75b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Revesby Abbey, Seat of Lady Banks" -title= -"Revesby Abbey, Seat of Lady Banks" - src="images/p75s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The seat of the proprietor was built by Craven Howard, nephew -and heir of Henry Howard; but has been much enlarged by the -family of Banks. Part of an ancient mansion, formerly the -residence of the abbots, now forms the offices. The -monastery, which stood at a considerable distance, has long been -entirely demolished.</p> -<p>The church, which is a small neat structure, was re-built by -the before mentioned Joseph Banks, Esquire. It is a -donative of exempt jurisdiction.</p> -<p>At the east end of the chancel is a tablet containing this -inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Dedicated to the Memmorie of NEHEMIAH -RAWSON, Esq. A Member of this Common Wealth, and a Justice -of Peace. Hee Married Frances the Daughter of Thomas -Knightley of Brough Hall in the County of Stafford, Esq. By -Whoome hee had Issue Six Daughters, Elizabeth Married to Richard -Parkes of Lutton, Gent. Hanna to Theophilus Hartt of -Birkwood Esq. Abigal to Daniell Hartt of London Grocer, -Sarah, Rebecca and Mary, Dyed Younge, he Departed this Life in -January 1657. Aged 80 Yeares.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>At the same end is another tablet, with the following -inscription, and a shield containing a bend, in the sinister -chief three crosses fitchy:</p> -<blockquote><p>“To the perpetual Memorie of HENRY HOWARD -third Son of Thomas Howard Earle of Barkshire by Elizabeth -Daughter and heiresse to William Cecill Earle of Exeter his Wife -who departed this Life in the XLIIII Yeare of his age in December -MDCLXIII.</p> -<p>“This Monument was Dedicated and Erected by his Nephew -whom hee made his heir and successor to this Mannor of Revesby -and his Lands in Lincolnshire, Craven Howard Son of William -Howard who was 4th Son of the Earle and Countesse of Barkshire -(before mentioned) in the yeare 1691.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On the north side of the chancel is a large marble monument, -surmounted by the bust of the individual whose memory it -perpetuates, and ornamented with a shield containing the arms of -<span class="smcap">Banks</span>, Sable, <a -name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>a cross or, -between four flowers de luce argent. This monument contains -the following inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center">“H. S. E.</p> -<p>“JOSEPHUS BANKS Armiger ex antiqua familia apud -Bank-Newton, in agro Eborac Oriundus. Juris prudentiæ -studio operam dedit illamq. feliciter exercuit.</p> -<p>“In honorem Dei Ecclesiam hanc vetustate collahentem, a -solo restituit Vicinium Ptochotrophium in X Senum aut Mancorum -subsidium a fundamentis extruxit.</p> -<p>“Bis ad suprema Regni Comitia Senator Grimsbeiæ in -Lincolnia, et Totenesiæ in Devonia. Electus, Regi suo -et Patriæ utriamque vicem fideliter inservivit.</p> -<p>“Maritus et Pater benignus Amicus sine fuco Pacti et -Promissi sui observantissimus Annos LXII. vixit XXVII Septemb. -A.D. MDCCXXVII obiit.</p> -<p>“Liberos vidit adultos Josephum et Mariam Quorum hanc -Dno Francisco Whichcote Barnto. nuptam, Patre superstite -præpropera mors abripuit; Optimo Parenti superstes -Ille.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">M. H. P. C.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>Near to the church are ten alms-houses, on the centre of the -front of which is the following inscription:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Joseph Banks Esq. Lord of Revesby by his -Will Directed the Building of these Almshouses for Ten poor -People & Endowed the Same with Fifty pounds a year. He -Departed this Life the 27th of Sept. 1727 Leaving Joseph Banks -Esq. his only Son Heir who in Pursuance of his Father’s -Will erected this Anno 1728.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>In this parish are two tumuli, each about one hundred feet -diameter, and about one hundred feet apart, which have been -formerly surrounded by a fosse. Dr. Stukeley supposes them -to have been either the places of sepulture of two British kings, -or places of religious worship. <a name="citation76"></a><a -href="#footnote76" class="citation">[76]</a></p> -<p>A fair is held at Revesby on the second Monday after old -Michaelmas day annually.</p> -<p>In 1821, the parish contained 113 houses, and 572 -inhabitants.</p> -<h3>THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR JOSEPH BANKS, BARONET.</h3> -<p>The subject of this memoir was born in London on the 13th of -December, 1743. He was the only son of William Banks, -Esquire, of Revesby, who died in 1761, leaving him, at the age of -eighteen, possessed of an ample fortune. He was at that -time a member of the University of Oxford; and it was in the -retirement of collegiate studies that he acquired his taste for -natural history.</p> -<p><a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -77</span>Immediately on his leaving the University, in 1763, he -made a voyage to the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador, and -returned with those habits of investigation which are induced by -a contemplation of rare and novel objects.</p> -<p>Having become a member of the Royal Society, his desire for -further investigation of new worlds was again excited by the plan -proposed by that learned body, for observing the expected transit -of Venus, from one of the South Sea islands. No sooner did -Mr. Banks understand that the Endeavour, commanded by Captain -(then Lieutenant) Cook, was equipping for her voyage, and -intended to prosecute further discovery after the observation of -the transit, than he determined to embark in the -expedition. Mr. Banks entered upon his preparations with a -most generous spirit; providing himself with two draughtsmen, a -secretary, and four servants, together with all the necessary -books, and instruments. He was also accompanied by Dr. -Solander, a Swedish gentleman, who had been the pupil of -Linnæus.</p> -<p>On the 26th of August, 1768, the Endeavour sailed from -Plymouth, on this great expedition. In the passage to -Madeira, Mr. Banks and his companions discovered many marine -animals, which no naturalist had described. At Madeira, and -as they sailed on to Rio Janeiro, their vigilance was still -eagerly awake, and sufficiently gratified by observations and -specimens new to science. The jealousy of the Portuguese -greatly disappointed their curiosity, by forbidding their -researches at Rio Janeiro.</p> -<p>On Wednesday, April 12, 1769, the Endeavour arrived at -Otaheite. For three months the voyagers continued at this -and the contiguous isles, making the astronomical observations, -for the sake chiefly of which Lieutenant Cook was sent out; -surveying, as navigators, the coasts of the different isles; -collecting specimens of the natural productions peculiar to them; -and studying the language, manners, and arts of the -islanders.</p> -<p>In August, 1769, the Endeavour sailed from the last isle of -the group. In October they made New Zealand, which had not -been visited since Tasman’s voyage. They next sailed -to New Holland, chiefly along the East coast, and gave the name -of New South Wales to the adjacent territory. The ship here -struck upon a rock, and was saved only by extraordinary -skill. In laying her down for repairs the sea broke in, and -spoiled the greater part of Mr. Banks’s specimens <a -name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 78</span>of natural -history: but he was recompensed by the discovery of the -kangaroo. In August, 1770, they sailed for New -Guinea. On their homeward voyage, their short stay at -Batavia was nearly fatal to the expedition. Mr. Banks and -Dr. Solander caught the fever. Tupia, a priest, and a boy -named Tayeto, both from Otaheite, who were proceeding to England, -died. Every person of the crew but one was taken ill. -Seven died at Batavia, and twenty-three more within six weeks -after. On the 12th of June, 1771, the vessel anchored in -the downs.</p> -<p>Early in 1772 an expedition was prepared under the command of -Captain Cook, to proceed in search of the so much talked of -Southern Continent, in which Mr. Banks most anxiously took a -part, intending to perform the voyage; and he accordingly -prepared his establishment upon the most extensive scale. -On this account orders were given by the Admiralty for fitting -the ships out with every possible accommodation that Mr. Banks -could desire; but when the Resolution sailed from Long Reach for -Plymouth, she was found so very crank, from the additional upper -works, that she was obliged to be carried into Sheerness to have -the additional cabins cut away, with such other alterations as -were necessary to make her sea-worthy. This of course -struck at the very root of Mr. Banks’s project, in -curtailing him of the space and accommodation absolutely -necessary for the establishment which he had formed; and he was -reluctantly compelled to give up his plans.</p> -<p>Disappointed in this expedition, Mr. Banks was prompted to -engage in some other active research, and accordingly determined -on a voyage to Iceland and the western islands of Scotland; -partly for the purpose of scientific observation, and, as Van -Troil states, who accompanied him, in order to keep together and -employ the draughtsmen, and other persons, who had been engaged -for the South Sea expedition.</p> -<p>They sailed from the river in July, and called at Portsmouth, -thence to Plymouth, and proceeded up St. George’s Channel, -to the Western Islands, visiting Oransay, Columbkill, Scarba, and -Staffa, so remarkable for its basaltic columns, but until then -comparatively unknown. They passed the Orkneys and Shetland -islands without any particular investigation; and on the 28th of -August, 1772, arrived off the coast of Iceland. After -completely investigating every thing curious, they left Iceland, -and arrived at Edinburgh in November, from whence they set off by -land for London.</p> -<p><a name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>After -his return Mr. Banks passed his time principally in London, or at -his paternal seat at Revesby, surrounded by men of letters, and -by persons of the first rank and fortune; and dedicating his time -and fortune to scientific pursuits.</p> -<p>Sir John Pringle having retired from the office of President -of the Royal Society in 1777, Mr. Banks was called to fill the -vacant chair, when his ample fortune enabled him to commence a -system by which his house became, through a long series of years, -a scene of hospitality, to genius of every country, and of every -rank in society.</p> -<p>The close attention which the President now paid to the duties -of his station, induced him to select a rural retirement nearer -to London than his seat at Revesby; he therefore, in the year -1779, took a lease of the premises, which he afterwards -purchased, at Spring Grove, in the parish of Heston, in -Middlesex; and on the 29th of March in the same year, he married -Dorothea, daughter and co-heiress of William Weston Hugeson, -Esquire, of Provender, in the parish of Norton, county of -Kent.</p> -<p>In 1781, Mr. Banks was honored by his Sovereign with a -baronetcy; as he was some years afterwards, by being created a -Knight of the Bath, and sworn one of his Majesty’s -Honorable Privy Counsel.</p> -<p>Sir Joseph was re-elected to the Presidency of the Royal -Society, for several years, with an unanimous feeling; but the -jealousies of some members of splendid and commanding talents -began to be developed. It was charged against him, that in -the recommendation of candidates, he bowed rather to the -pretensions of rank, than to the unobtrusive, but undoubted -claims of eminent ability. This feeling so far extended -itself, that in 1784, a dignitary of the church, distinguished -for his mathematical learning, threatened a secession in the -following terms:—“If other remedies fail, we can at -least secede. When the hour of secession comes, the -President will be left with his train of feeble amateurs, and -that toy upon the table, the ghost of that society in which -Philosophy once reigned, and Newton presided as her -minister.” The very temper of this burst of eloquence -is a proof of the causes of the schism. The pride of genius -was opposed to the pride of rank, and the conflict was as -obstinate as it was violent. The President maintained his -position firmly, and he lived to behold that intimate union which -ought ever to exist between the patrons and the votaries of -learning.</p> -<p><a name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 80</span>Beside -devoting his attention to the duties of the chair of the Royal -Society, Sir Joseph became an active member of all the public -societies of the day; and to his care in a great degree the -African Association owes its origin. He also liberally -encouraged and assisted those who undertook voyages or travels of -discovery. In his attentions to the breeding of sheep and -cattle, and to the improvements in husbandry, he gave many -instances of scientific patriotism; and to his exertions may be -attributed the drainage of the Fens in the immediate vicinity of -Revesby. To the Horticultural society, which he assisted in -forming, he was a contributor of several papers. In -politics he took no ostensible part, and had not even a seat in -parliament.</p> -<p>During the latter years of his life, Sir Joseph was so -severely afflicted with the gout, as to be deprived of the use of -his lower extremities, and consequently unable to take his -accustomed exercise. In 1817 he was by death deprived of -his sister, a loss which he severely felt. In April, 1820, -in consequence of increasing debility, he expressed a wish to -resign his office of President of the Royal Society, but this -resignation the society were unwilling to accept of, and he -continued to hold the office until his death, which took place on -the 19th of the following month. His remains were interred -in the church yard at Heston. Having no issue, his title is -extinct. After the death of his widow, his estates in -Lincolnshire go to the Honorable James Hamilton Stanhope, and Sir -Henry Hawley, Baronet; the remainder of his estates to Sir Edward -Knatchbull, Baronet. His valuable and extensive library he -bequeathed to the British Museum.</p> -<h2><a name="page81"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -81</span>KIRKSTEAD.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">Kirkstead</span>, anciently called -Cristed, is situated on the east bank of the Witham, in the -hundred of Gartree, and is about three miles distant from -Tattershall, and eight from Horncastle. Formerly it was a -hamlet of Kirkby super Bane, but for many years it has been -considered as a separate parish.</p> -<p>The manor, with that of Tattershall, was among the several -estates given by the conqueror to Eudo, one of his Norman -followers. His son Hugh fitz Eudo, called the Breton, -founded a Cistertian Abbey here in 1139, and endowed it with his -possessions in this place. Afterwards the monks, -considering the situation unhealthy, petitioned Robert, the son -of the founder, to allow them to remove the abbey to some other -place; but though they obtained permission, yet it does not -appear that the affair was proceeded in any further. The -abbey had subsequently many benefactors, and acquired very -extensive possessions.</p> -<p>At the dissolution of religious houses, the Kirkstead estate -was given by Henry the eighth, to Charles Duke of Suffolk; and on -the division of his estates after the death of his two sons, who -survived him but a short time, it reverted to the king as one of -the heirs general of the family, and was subsequently given to -Lord Clinton and Saye, afterwards Earl of Lincoln. This -estate descended to Mr. Daniel Disney, in right of his wife -Catherine, the youngest daughter of Henry Fynes Clinton, Esquire, -and grand-daughter of the second Earl of Lincoln. In the -year 1792 it was sold by Mr. Disney Fytch, grandson of Mr. Daniel -Disney, to the present possessor, Richard Ellison, Esquire, of -Sudbroke Holme, near Lincoln.</p> -<p>Of the Abbey a small ruin only remains: but from a plate of -“The Ichnography of the Monastery of Kirsted Linc.” -in Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, the buildings appear to -have been extensive.</p> -<p><a name="page82"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 82</span>South -of the ruin of the Abbey is the Chapel, a very curious building, -which according to tradition was built previous to the -monastery. It is of early English architecture, having -lancet windows at the sides and east end, and an ox-eye window -over the entrance at the west end. The roof is beautifully -groined, the ribs springing from corbel tables; and against the -south wall on the inside, is a rude figure in stone of a knight -templar, with the front part of his helmet in the shape of a -cross. For many years the roof of this building was covered -with thatch, but in 1790 it was removed and a covering of tiles -substituted. At that time also the bell, which had -previously hung in a tree, was placed over the west end of the -building.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p82b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Kirkstead Chapel" -title= -"Kirkstead Chapel" - src="images/p82s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>This chapel is a donative of exempt jurisdiction, but appears -to have had no stipend for the officiating minister until it came -into the possession of Mr. Daniel Disney, who being a -presbyterian, appointed a minister of that persuasion to perform -service there, with a salary of £30. per annum. <a -name="citation82"></a><a href="#footnote82" -class="citation">[82]</a> In order that the tenets which he -professed might not want support in his parish, in 1720 he -settled certain lands upon five trustees, the profits of which -were to be applied to the maintenance of a presbyterian minister -at this place. This gift he afterwards confirmed by his -will in 1732, and in addition, bequeathed to the trustees the use -of the chapel and chapel ground for the same purpose. On -the death or alienation of the minister, the trustees were to -present the names of two to the lord of the manor, who was to -appoint one of them, and on his neglect or refusal, the trustees -themselves were to make the appointment. Ministers -continued to be nominated by the prescribed form until the death -of Mr. Dunkley, who had for many years received the bequeathed -stipend, and whose demise took place in 1794. On that -occasion the present owner of the manor took possession of the -estates which had been conveyed to the trustees, and appointed to -the chapel a minister of the Church of England, paying him -£30. per annum. The trustees recovered possession of -the estates, by an action of ejectment, tried at Lincoln summer -assizes, 1812; but not of the chapel. A new chapel was -erected and the presbyterian form of worship re-established here -in 1822.</p> -<p><a name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 83</span>This -village gave birth to the celebrated monk Hugh de Kirkstead, who -is styled by Fuller “a Benedictine Cistertian Bernardine -Monk, or, as it may be termed a treble refined -Christian.” He, and Serlo, one of his own order, -joined in composing a chronicle of the Cistertians from their -first arrival in England in 1131, to their own time, about -1210.</p> -<p>In the fourteenth volume of the “Archeologia of the -Society of Antiquaries” is an engraving of an ancient iron -candlestick of a very singular construction, six of which were -found in cleaning the bed of the river Witham near this -place.</p> -<p>This village contained, according to the returns of 1821, 24 -houses and 132 inhabitants.</p> -<h2><a name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -84</span>TATTERSHALL.</h2> -<h3>SITUATION.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Tattershall</span> or Tateshall is a small -market town in the wapentake of Gartree. It is situated on -the banks of the river Bane, near its junction with the river -Witham, and is distant nine miles south west from -Horncastle. It is a place of considerable antiquity, having -been a Roman military station; traces of two encampments of that -warlike people being still visible, at a short distance from the -town, in a place called Tattershall park. Several Roman -coins have also been found in different parts of the parish.</p> -<h3>THE MANOR.</h3> -<p>Shortly after the conquest, the lordship of Tattershall, -together with the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe, and several other -estates, was given by King William to Eudo and Pinço, two -Norman nobles, who had attended him into England, but who, though -sworn brothers in war, were not otherwise related. On the -division of the estates between these chieftains, this manor -became the property of Eudo, who fixed his residence here. -Upon his death his estates descended to his son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, -who, in the year 1139, founded an abbey for Cistertian monks at -the neighbouring village of Kirkstead.</p> -<p>Hugh was succeeded by his son Robert, who left issue a son -named Philip. Philip, after serving the office of sheriff -of Berkshire in the seventh year of the reign of Richard the -second, and also of Lincolnshire in the eighth, ninth, and tenth -years of the same king, was succeeded by his son Robert, the -second of that name, who, in the year 1201, procured from King -John, by means of a present of a well-trained goshawk, a grant to -hold a weekly market on Thursday, on this manor. Robert was -followed by his son of the same name, who <a -name="page85"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 85</span>about the -year 1230, obtained from Henry the third a licence to build a -castle at this place, together with a grant of free warren in all -his demesne lands. The male line of Eudo was continued in -regular descent, by Robert the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh; -upon the death of the latter of whom in his minority, it became -extinct, and the inheritance was divided between his three -sisters. Tattershall became the portion of Joan, one of the -co-heiresses, who married Sir Robert Driby, and who had issue by -him a daughter and heiress Alice, afterwards married to Sir -William Bernack. John, the son of this latter marriage, was -succeeded by William, who died a minor, and left his sister Maud -his heiress.</p> -<p>The Fitz Eudos, from the place, assumed the cognomen of -Tateshall, and by that title had summons to parliament among the -great barons of the realm.</p> -<p>Maud, the heiress of the Bernack family, married Sir Ralph, -afterwards Lord Cromwell, who, in her right, became lord of this -manor; and upon his death, which happened on the twenty-seventh -day of August, in the year 1398, left his son Ralph his heir, who -died in 1416, and was succeeded by a son of the same name. -In the year 1433, this latter Ralph was by Henry the sixth -appointed Treasurer of the Exchequer. He died without issue -on the fourth of January, 1455; whereby his two nieces, the -daughters of his sister, the wife of Sir Richard Stanhope, became -his co-heiresses.</p> -<p>It does not appear into whose hands the Tattershall estate -fell after the death of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, until the -year 1487, when Henry the seventh granted the manor to his -mother, Margaret Countess of Richmond, and in the following year -entailed it on the Duke of Richmond. The Duke dying without -issue, Henry the eighth in 1520, granted it to Charles Duke of -Suffolk, by letters patent, which were confirmed by Edward the -sixth, in the year 1547.</p> -<p>On the death of the two infant sons of the Duke of Suffolk, -who survived their father only a short time, this manor again -came into the possession of the king, as one of the heirs general -of the family. By letters patent, dated the fifth of -September, 1551, Edward the sixth granted the castle with the -manor, in fee, to Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, afterwards Earl -of Lincoln. The Earl dying in 1584, was succeeded by his -son Henry, who died in 1616, leaving issue a son and heir Thomas, -who survived his father only two years, and was <a -name="page86"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 86</span>followed by -his son Theophilus, who died in 1667. The next possessor -was Edward, who was the grandson of Theophilus, and who died at -Tattershall in 1692; in him terminated the male line of the -Clinton family. Upon his death, without issue, the -Tattershall estate became the property of his cousin Bridget, who -married Hugh Fortescue, Esquire, by whom she had a son and heir -Hugh, created in 1746, Baron Fortescue, and Earl Clinton. -Upon his death in 1751, his half brother Matthew succeeded him, -but dying in 1785, the Tattershall estate descended to his eldest -son, Earl Fortescue, the present possessor.</p> -<p>Besides the liberties of the parks, chases and free warrens, -belonging to the castle and manor of Tattershall, it also appears -in the several grants of Henry the third, Henry the fourth, Henry -the seventh, Henry the eighth, and in the grant of the liberties -of Richmond fee, whereof the castle and manor of Tattershall is a -part, that to the said castle and manor also belong the liberties -of stallage, tolls of markets and fairs, together with the -privilege for all tenants and inhabitants of Tattershall to be -discharged of any tolls in fairs and markets abroad; also the -sole liberties of fishing, fowling, hawking, and hunting, in all -the said manor, chases and the precincts of them; also suits of -courts baron, waifs, estrays, treasure trove, goods and chattels -of felons, fugitives, men outlawed, and felones de se, deodands, -bondmen, villains, with their sequels; and also that neither the -sheriff of the county, nor his bailiff shall arrest within the -said manor, and that no distress taken therein shall be -delivered, nor replevins granted by the sheriff, but only by the -steward of the lord of the said manor.</p> -<h3>THE CASTLE.</h3> -<p>About two hundred and fifty yards south-west of the town -stands the remains of the castle, a stately edifice, erected by -the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, about the year 1440.</p> -<p>William of Worcester states, that the Lord Treasurer expended -in building the principal and other towers of this castle above -four thousand marks; his household there consisted of one hundred -persons, and his suite, when he rode to London, commonly of one -hundred and twenty horsemen; and his annual expenditure was about -£5000. <a name="citation86"></a><a href="#footnote86" -class="citation">[86]</a></p> -<p><a name="page87"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 87</span>This -castle was originally intended as a place of defence, and was -surrounded by two fosses, the inner one faced with brick, great -part of which is now remaining. Formerly it was of great -extent, but was dilapidated in the civil wars between the -unfortunate Charles the first and his parliament: for the damages -thereby sustained, Theophilus, fourth Earl of Lincoln, petitioned -parliament in the year 1649.</p> -<p>The part now remaining, is a rectangular brick tower of -exquisite workmanship, about one hundred feet in height, divided -into four stories, and flanked by four octagonal turrets; and is -raised on ponderous arches, forming spacious vaults, which extend -through the angles of the building, into the bases of the -turrets. <a name="citation87"></a><a href="#footnote87" -class="citation">[87]</a> Under the crown of these vaults -was a deep well, which is now filled up.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p87b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground Plan" -title= -"South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground Plan" - src="images/p87s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The walls are of great thickness, particularly that on the -east side, in which are several galleries and narrow rooms, -arched in a curious manner, through which communications were -obtained with the principal apartments in the several stories, -from the great stairs in the south-east turret. The east -wall also contains the chimnies.</p> -<p>The windows are of the pointed order, well-proportioned, and -contain tracery; those on the south, west, and north sides are -large, and from them the principal apartments received light; -those on the east are smaller, being designed to give light only -to the rooms and galleries in that wall.</p> -<p>The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth story, -where the tower was covered by a grand platform, or flat roof, -which, together with the several floors, is entirely -destroyed. Surrounding this part of the tower are very deep -machicolations, upon which, and part of the main walls, is a -parapet of great thickness, with arches, intended to protect the -persons employed over the machicolations. Upon these arches -is a second platform, enclosed with a parapet and embrasures; -above which the embattled turrets rise to a considerable height; -three of them terminating in cones covered with lead. The -cone on the fourth turret is demolished.</p> -<p>On the ground floor is an elegantly carved stone chimney -piece, embattled, and ornamented alternately with arms, and -treasury purses with the motto “nay je droit.”</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page88"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 88</span><i>First Row</i>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">1. Ten roundels.</p> -<p class="gutindent">3. A lion rampant. <span -class="smcap">Fitz Alayn</span>, or <span -class="smcap">Bellers</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">5. Vairè a fesse. <span -class="smcap">Marmion</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">6. Ermine a fesse. <span -class="smcap">Bernack</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">8. A bend and chief, <span -class="smcap">Cromwell</span>, quartering a cheque and chief, -<span class="smcap">Tateshall</span>, impaling a fesse dauncette -between ten billets, <span class="smcap">Deincourt</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">10. <span -class="smcap">Cromwell</span> and <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span> quarterly.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Second Row</i>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">2. Bendy of ten. <span -class="smcap">Clifton</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">4. <span -class="smcap">Deincourt</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">5. Three cinquefoils. a dexter -canton. <span class="smcap">Driby</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">7. Barry of six, a bend, <span -class="smcap">Grey</span> of <span -class="smcap">Rotherfield</span>.</p> -<p>In the point of the surbase arch of this chimney piece is the -coat of <span class="smcap">Cromwell</span>.</p> -<p>Over this is another embattled chimney piece adorned with the -following arms and devices, in circles:</p> -<p class="gutindent">1. Treasury purse and motto.</p> -<p class="gutindent">2. <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">3. Saint Michael and the dragon.</p> -<p class="gutindent">4. Quarterly, <span -class="smcap">Cromwell</span> and <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span>, impaling <span -class="smcap">Deincourt</span>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">5. <span class="smcap">Cromwell</span> -quartering <span class="smcap">Tateshall</span>; crest, a helmet; -supporters two wild men.</p> -<p class="gutindent">6. Under an arch, a man tearing a -lion.</p> -<p class="gutindent">7. A lion rampant.</p> -<p class="gutindent">8. Treasury purse and motto.</p> -<p>Above, between these circles, are seven small shields, with -these arms: <span class="smcap">Deincourt</span>, <span -class="smcap">Driby</span>, <span class="smcap">Cromwell</span>, -one broken, <span class="smcap">Cromwell</span>, <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span>, and <span -class="smcap">Deincourt</span>; and below seven purses.</p> -<p>The two upper stories also contain ornamented chimney pieces, -but they are inferior to those described.</p> -<p>From the top of the castle is a very extensive view of the -surrounding country.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p88b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle" -title= -"Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle" - src="images/p88s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Between the castle and the church stands an ancient brick -building, which, from the stile of architecture, appears to be -coeval with the castle, and is now inhabited. On the west -of the castle is another <a name="page89"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 89</span>remain, apparently of the same -date. Each of these buildings is situated between the outer -and inner fosse.</p> -<p>The principal entrance to the castle, with its portcullis and -towers, was standing at the north-east corner of the enclosure, -when Buck made his drawing in 1726.</p> -<h3>THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH.</h3> -<p>In the seventeenth year of the reign of Henry the sixth, a -licence was obtained from that monarch, directed to Ralph -Cromwell, Knight, Henry, Bishop of Winchester, Cardinal of -England, William Alnewick, Bishop of Lincoln, John Scroope, -Knight, Walter Hungerford, Knight, Walter Talbois, Esquire, and -William Paston, patrons of the parish church of Tattershall, in -the county of Lincoln, empowering them to convert the said church -into a collegiate church or college, in honour of the Holy -Trinity, the blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Peter the Apostle, Saint -John the Baptist, and Saint John the Evangelist. The -establishment was to consist of seven chaplains, one of whom to -be custos or master, six secular clerks, and six -choristers. The licence further authorized them to erect a -perpetual alms-house on their own ground, being parcel of the -castle and manor of Tattershall, next to the church-yard, -containing ten acres, for thirteen poor persons of both sexes; -with mansion houses and buildings for the said master, chaplains, -clerks, choristers, and their servants; with cloisters, -enclosures, gardens, orchards, and all other conveniences; and to -assign the same to the said master and chaplains; who were to be -a body corporate, and have a common seal for the execution of all -business, with power to sue and be sued, and to purchase, receive -and hold lands, tenements, and other revenues, ecclesiastical or -secular, to the value of £200. per annum, over and above -the advowson and yearly value of the said church of Tattershall, -and the houses and ten acres of land aforesaid, without fine or -fee to the king or his heirs.</p> -<p>The Lord Treasurer, in pursuance of this licence, began to -convert the parish church into a college; but it appears that he -died before it was finished, as, by his will, dated a short time -previous to his decease, he bequeathed his body to be buried in -the collegiate church of Tattershall, until the whole fabrick -should be re-built, and then to be removed into the midst of the -choir.</p> -<p>The church was afterwards finished nearly as it remains at -this <a name="page90"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 90</span>time; -and mansion houses and other necessary buildings were erected for -the use of the foundation, as well as the alms houses mentioned -in the licence. Among the inscriptions in the MS. of -Lincolnshire Church Notes, taken by Mr. Gervase Holles, are the -names of several persons who belonged to this establishment.</p> -<p>This college received several benefactions, and its -possessions progressively increased to a considerable -magnitude. In the thirty-sixth year of Henry the eighth, -the whole was granted to Charles, Duke of Suffolk, who at that -time was possessor of the castle and manor.</p> -<p>The church stands about eighty yards east of the castle, near -the outer fosse, and is a beautiful and spacious stone structure -in the form of a cross, consisting of a square tower, a nave with -five arches on a side, and eight clere-story windows placed in -pairs, a transept, and a choir. On the north side is a -porch, on which are sculptured the arms of William of Wainflete, -Bishop of Winchester; formerly there were two porches on the -south side also bearing the arms of the same bishop; but these -have been some time since removed. Over the great eastern -window is a richly ornamented niche, in which a statue once -stood: the wall above the western door is likewise ornamented -with thirteen blank shields. The cloisters, which were on -the south side of the chancel, are entirely demolished.</p> -<p>In the south wall of the choir are three stone stalls and a -piscina, with a cornice charged with various animals; on each -side of the transept is also a piscina. There is a handsome -rood-loft between the nave and choir, now used as a singing -gallery.</p> -<p>The windows of the choir were once enriched with beautiful -stained glass, which was removed in the year 1754, by the Earl of -Exeter, on condition that it should be replaced with plain glass: -but this being neglected to be done, the choir remained about -fifty years with un-glazed windows; and being thus exposed to the -weather, the elegantly carved oak stalls, the rich screens, and -other ornamental work, fell entirely to decay. <a -name="citation90"></a><a href="#footnote90" -class="citation">[90]</a> The choir has, within these few -years, been repaired by the present Earl Fortescue, and fitted up -in a plain but neat manner.</p> -<p>The windows of the nave and transept were also enriched with -<a name="page91"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 91</span>stained -glass containing the legendary histories of St. Guthlake, St. -Catherine, and other saints, a few fine fragments of which are -preserved in two of the transept windows.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p91b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South-East" -title= -"Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South-East" - src="images/p91s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>On the floor before the communion table is a stone which once -contained a rich brass figure of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, -habited in full plated armour and a flowing mantle and cordon, -the gauntlets reaching to the middle joint of the fingers, a long -sword across him from the middle of the belt, and at his feet two -wild men with clubs his supporters; by his side the figure of -Margaret his wife; and over them a canopy charged with saints, -and under them the following inscription in black letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Hic jacet nobilis Baro Radulphus Cromwell -Miles D’ns Cromwell quo’dm Thesaurarius Anglie et -fundator hujus Collegii cum inclita consorte sua Margareta una -herede d’ni Dayncourt qui quid’m Radulphus obiit -quarto die mens. Januarij Anno d’ni Mill’o -cccclv. Et p’dicta Margareta obiit xv die -Septe’br Anno d’ni mill’io ccccliij Quor’ -A’iab’ pp’ietur Deus Amen.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The whole of these figures, the canopy, and the arms are gone, -and only half the inscription is now remaining.</p> -<p>On the north side of the Lord Treasurer, is the figure in -brass of Joan Lady Cromwell, <a name="citation91a"></a><a -href="#footnote91a" class="citation">[91a]</a> under a canopy -adorned with saints, and under her this inscription in black -letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Orate p’ a’ia Johanne -d’ne Cromwell que obijt decimo die martij Anno d’ni -mill’mo cccclxxix cuj’ a’ie -p’piciet’ Deus Amen.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On the other side of the Lord Treasurer is the figure in brass -of Matilda Lady Willoughby, <a name="citation91b"></a><a -href="#footnote91b" class="citation">[91b]</a> under a canopy -charged with saints, and at her feet the following inscription in -black letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Hic jacet d’na Matilda nuper -d’ni Willughby quondam uxor Roberti d’ni de Willughby -militis ac consanguinea et heres illustris d’ni Radulphi -nup’ dn’i Crumwell militis fundatoris hujus collegii -ac specialis benefactrix ejusdem collegij que obijt xxxo die -aug’ Anno Domini Mill’imo cccclxxxxvij cujus anime -p’picietur om’p’ns deus Amen.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The corner shields from this stone, and also those from that -of Joan Lady Cromwell are gone. The canopies have sustained -but little injury.</p> -<p><a name="page92"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 92</span>In the -middle of the floor of the choir is the figure in brass of a -priest, under which is the following inscription, in black -letter, to the memory of William Moor, the second provost of this -college:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Vir virtute vivens Will’us vulgo -vocatus<br /> -Hujus Collegii de Tateshale secundus<br /> -Hic Eboracensis fuit eccl’ie cathedralis<br /> -Sacre Scripture baccalaurius arte p’batus<br /> -Octobris dena mensis cu’ luce novena<br /> -Mil’ d’ni C quater I sexto continuat’</p> -<p>Moor micuit more mitis bene morigerat’<br /> -Prudens p’positus et egenis semp’ habundus<br /> -Canonicus Rector et de ledenham specialis<br /> -Jam sub tellure fit vermibus esca paratus<br /> -Mente pia morit’ cujus corpus sepelitur<br /> -S’pus in celis ejus sine fine locatur.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>A brass figure of a priest, about five feet long, with the -figure of the deity on his breast, and several saints down his -robe, is now loose in the choir. Mr. Gough, in his -“Sepulchral Monuments,” describes this as the figure -of William Moor, and attached to the above inscription. <a -name="citation92a"></a><a href="#footnote92a" -class="citation">[92a]</a></p> -<p>On the floor between the nave and the choir is a brass figure -much worn, under which, though scarcely legible, is this -inscription in black letter:</p> -<blockquote><p>“Hic jacet Hugo . . . quondam . . . -d’ni Rad’i de Cromwell Militis d’ni de -Tateshale qui obiit ultimo die Septe’bris A’o -d’ni mill’mo ccccxi cuj’ a’ie -p’piciet deus Amen.” <a name="citation92b"></a><a -href="#footnote92b" class="citation">[92b]</a></p> -</blockquote> -<p>In various parts of the floor of this church are traces of -brass <a name="page93"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -93</span>figures, which are now gone, one, in particular, against -the door in the north aisle appears to have been exceedingly -rich.</p> -<p><a name="page94"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 94</span>The -south side of the transept is now partitioned off, and used as a -school, in which the children are instructed on the plan of Dr. -Bell.</p> -<p><a name="page95"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 95</span>The -living is a donative, extra judicial, in the presentation of the -lord of the manor. It was once held by the Reverend Obadiah -How, D.D. a man of considerable learning, and the author of -several theological treatises; he died in 1685, and was buried in -the church of Boston, of which he was vicar. It was -afterwards held for more than forty years by the Reverend Michael -Taylor, who died in 1730, and was buried in the midst of the nave -of this church.</p> -<p>The college, which was situated on the north side of the -church, is entirely gone. The alm-houses still remain with -a small endowment.</p> -<p>An old building in the town, supposed to have been the parish -chapel, now forms part of a malting office.</p> -<h3>THE TOWN.</h3> -<p>The parish of Tattershall contains about 1555 acres of land, -and the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe about 2589 acres, the -principal part of which is the property of the lord of the -manor.</p> -<p>The town has derived considerable benefit from the navigable -canal, which passes through it from the river Witham to the town -of Horncastle. A fine bridge of three arches having been -thrown over the Witham, in the place of the ferry, with a -turnpike road to Sleaford, has also contributed to the -improvement of the place.</p> -<p>From a manuscript account of the diocese of Lincoln, taken in -the year 1588, it appears that at that period Tattershall -contained 236 families, and the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe -68. By the returns made in the year 1821, it appears that -the number of houses in Tattershall was 120, and of inhabitants -627: Tattershall Thorpe, at the same time, contained 39 houses, -and 269 inhabitants.</p> -<p>There are two fairs holden annually at this place; one on the -fifteenth of May, the other on the twenty-fifth of -September. The market is now held on Friday weekly.</p> -<p>In the market place stands an octagonal column or shaft, which -was once surmounted by a cross. The cross has however long -since been removed and an urn substituted in its place. On -three of the shields with which this column is ornamented these -arms are sculptured, viz. <span class="smcap">Cromwell</span>, -<span class="smcap">Cromwell</span> and <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span> quarterly, and <span -class="smcap">Cromwell</span> and <span -class="smcap">Tateshall</span> impaling <span -class="smcap">Deincourt</span>. The arms on the fourth -shield are obliterated.</p> -<h2><a name="page96"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 96</span>TOWER -ON THE MOOR.</h2> -<p><span class="smcap">On</span> an extensive moor, about four -miles north of Tattershall, and about six miles south west of -Horncastle, stands the remain of a brick building, called from -its situation the <i>Tower on the Moor</i>. It was built by -the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, and is supposed to have been an -appendage to the castle at Tattershall, from which place it is -plainly visible, by reason of the flatness of the intervening -country. <a name="citation96"></a><a href="#footnote96" -class="citation">[96]</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p96b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Tower on the Moor" -title= -"Tower on the Moor" - src="images/p96s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Of this tower only an octangular turret remains, to which -fragments of the walls adhere; it is about sixty feet in height, -and contains winding stairs of brick, now in a very ruinous -condition. Traces of the fosse, by which it was surrounded, -are still visible.</p> -<h2><a name="page97"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -97</span>GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">OF THE</span><br /> -SOKE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD OF HORNCASTLE.</h2> -<h3>GEOLOGY.</h3> -<p><span class="smcap">Although</span> the Soke of Horncastle -does not possess much variety in its geological structure, yet a -considerable diversity is to be found in the formation of the -adjacent elevated country, called the wolds. On the annexed -map the denudations of the various strata in this district are -traced out, and distinguished by different colours: the order of -stratification is also exemplified by a section, of imaginary -elevation, but on the same scale as the map with respect to -horizontal distance. The section too shows a greater extent -than the map to the east, where, on account of the dip of the -strata towards that quarter, it is necessary to commence the -description; although in point of distance it cannot be properly -considered within the prescribed limits of this work.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p97b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Geological Map" -title= -"Geological Map" - src="images/p97s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The tract of marsh land between the sea and the wolds, (No. -1.) consists principally of unstratified clay, with admixtures of -sand, and various marine depositions. These circumstances, -together with the old sea banks, evidence that this mass of earth -has been left by the gradual receding of the ocean.</p> -<p>On the west of these marshes is the rough elevated denudation -of chalk, (No. 2.) which forms the highest stratum of the wolds, -and gently dips underneath the marshes; for in boring in them for -water the chalk is always found. The chalk is of two -colours, white and red, each lying in regular strata, which -alternate frequently, the red bearing but a small proportion to -the white. In the white, compact seams of flint, of a light -grey color, from two to six inches thick, are often met -with. In the chalk several extraneous fossils are -found.</p> -<p><a name="page98"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 98</span>The -stratum immediately below the chalk, (No. 3.) is a coarse, brown, -pebbly sand, consisting of quartz and oxyd of iron, varying in -thickness from six to ten yards, and of uncertain appearance at -its denudation. While the different strata in these parts -were exposed to the action of the water, the sand would naturally -be more affected by that element than the superincumbent stratum -of chalk; and the latter being thus left projecting, would from -the decomposing effects of the atmosphere, crumble down, and form -those various declivities which now present themselves to -view.</p> -<p>Beneath the sand is a bed, about fourteen yards in thickness, -(No. 4.) containing equal proportions of oolite limestone and -calcareous clay of a light grey colour. In some parts the -stone is divided by the clay into regular strata, whilst in -others it occurs in large detached pieces imbedded in the -clay. Fossil shells, and lumps of pyrites, or sulphuret of -iron, are frequently met with in the stone.</p> -<p>The next stratum (No. 5.) consists of grains of quartz, for -the most part agglutinated into sandstone of different degrees of -induration, and varying in colour from a light grey to a dark -brown, whilst in some parts loose sand predominates. In the -grey variety of this stone, marine shells of different kinds, are -found in great abundance: in the brown they occur very seldom, -and not at all in the sand. This stratum is considerably -thicker than the two incumbent ones.</p> -<p>Beneath this is the shale, <a name="citation98"></a><a -href="#footnote98" class="citation">[98]</a> (No. 6.) which -generally makes its appearance in vallies; but it no where -exhibits a denudated termination. On sinking a shaft in the -parish of Woodhall, about six miles south-west of Horncastle, it -was found to be one hundred and fifty yards in thickness. A -great variety of organic remains are also found in this -stratum.</p> -<p>Under the shale is a stratum of forest marble, which denudates -about sixteen miles westward of Horncastle.</p> -<p>The last division to be considered is an alluvial collection -of earth, almost entirely consisting of the spoils of the -neighbouring strata in a state of decomposition, wherein however -detached pieces of the different strata are to be found -unaltered. From this it appears that when these parts were -deluged by the water, the current set in from east to west. -As the chalk and the shale would present the largest surfaces <a -name="page99"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 99</span>to the -erosion of the water, they would be more extensively acted upon -than the other strata: hence the greatest part of the alluvial -deposition consists of white marle and blue; the former (No. 7.) -being of the least specific gravity, has covered the hills, while -the latter with sand and gravel (No. 8.) occupies the lower -parts.</p> -<h3>NATURAL HISTORY.</h3> -<p>In the department of Natural History, this district possesses -but little which is deserving of particular notice.</p> -<p>Of <span class="smcap">Birds</span> there are none which can -now be considered peculiar to this part, the drainage of the fen -lands having entirely banished the great variety of aquatic birds -which used, previous to that event, to be found here.</p> -<p>The <span class="smcap">Plants</span>, indigenous to this -district, are very numerous. From a list of several -hundreds which are to be found in the neighbourhood, the -following interesting ones are selected.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Botanical Names</i>.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>English Names</i>.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Where found</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arabis thaliana</p> -</td> -<td><p>Codded mouse-ear</p> -</td> -<td><p>Horncastle</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Asplenium adiantum nigrum</p> -</td> -<td><p>Black maiden-hair</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tattershall</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Asplenium ruta muraria</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wall-rue</p> -</td> -<td><p>Somersby Church</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Atropa belladonna</p> -</td> -<td><p>Deadly nightshade</p> -</td> -<td><p>Miningsby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Borago officinalis</p> -</td> -<td><p>Borage</p> -</td> -<td><p>West Ashby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Butomus umbellatus</p> -</td> -<td><p>Flowering rush</p> -</td> -<td><p>Horncastle, Thornton</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Carduus marianus</p> -</td> -<td><p>Milk thistle</p> -</td> -<td><p>Stovin Wood, Kirkstead</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chlora perfoliata</p> -</td> -<td><p>Yellow centaury</p> -</td> -<td><p>Edlington</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chironia pulchella</p> -</td> -<td><p>Small chironia</p> -</td> -<td><p>Horncastle</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Cistus helianthemum</p> -</td> -<td><p>Little sunflower</p> -</td> -<td><p>Scrivelsby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Comarum palustre</p> -</td> -<td><p>Purple marsh-cinquefoil</p> -</td> -<td><p>West Ashby furze-hill</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Convallaria majalis fl. pl.</p> -</td> -<td><p>May-lily (double flower)</p> -</td> -<td><p>Highall Wood</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Daphne laureola</p> -</td> -<td><p>Spurge laurel</p> -</td> -<td><p>Poolham</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Digitalis purpurea</p> -</td> -<td><p>Purple fox-glove</p> -</td> -<td><p>Holbeck, Salmonby,</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Drosera longifolia</p> -</td> -<td><p>Long leaved sun-dew</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tattershall</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Drosera rotundifolia</p> -</td> -<td><p>Round-leaved sun-dew</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tattershall</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empetrum nigrum</p> -</td> -<td><p>Blackberried heath</p> -</td> -<td><p>Moor</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Erica cinerea</p> -</td> -<td><p>Fine-leaved heath</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ditto</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Erica tetralix</p> -</td> -<td><p>Cross-leaved heath</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ditto</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Galeobdolon luteum</p> -</td> -<td><p>Yellow nettle</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tetford Wood</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Gentiana amarella</p> -</td> -<td><p>Autumnal gentian</p> -</td> -<td><p>Greetham, Hemingby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Gentiana pneumonanthe</p> -</td> -<td><p>Calathian violet</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tattershall-park, Moor</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p><a name="page100"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -100</span>Malaxis paludosa</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marsh tway-blade</p> -</td> -<td><p>Moor</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Nuphar lutea</p> -</td> -<td><p>Yellow water-lily</p> -</td> -<td><p>West Ashby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Nymphæa alba</p> -</td> -<td><p>White water-lily</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ditto</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ophrys apifera</p> -</td> -<td><p>Bee orchis</p> -</td> -<td><p>Mareham-le-fen</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Orchis conopsea</p> -</td> -<td><p>Aromatic orchis</p> -</td> -<td><p>Thimbleby, Edlington</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Orobus tuberosus</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wood peas</p> -</td> -<td><p>Daw Wood</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Oxalis acetosella</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wood sorrel</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tetford Wood</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Paris quadrifolia</p> -</td> -<td><p>Herb Paris</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ditto</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Parnassia palustris</p> -</td> -<td><p>Grass of Parnassus</p> -</td> -<td><p>Horncastle</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Pinguicula vulgaris</p> -</td> -<td><p>Butterwort</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ditto</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Polygonum bistorta</p> -</td> -<td><p>Greater bistort</p> -</td> -<td><p>Horncastle</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sanicula Europea</p> -</td> -<td><p>Sanicle</p> -</td> -<td><p>Stovin & Tetford Woods</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Saponaria officinalis</p> -</td> -<td><p>Soapwort</p> -</td> -<td><p>Baumber, Horncastle</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Spirea filipendula</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dropwort</p> -</td> -<td><p>Bridle road to Hemingby</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Turritis hirsuta</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hairy tower mustard</p> -</td> -<td><p>High Tointon</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Vaccinium oxycoccus</p> -</td> -<td><p>Cranberry plant</p> -</td> -<td><p>Moor</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p><span class="smcap">Minerals</span> occur rarely in this part, -and in very small quantities. Lumps of sulphuret of iron in -the oolite stratum; earthy oxide of iron and a singular blue -pulverulent mineral, which is a carbonate of iron containing some -earthy impurities, in a valley at Salmonby; and a stalactitic -oxide of iron in the ferruginous gravel; comprise all the -varieties which have yet been found.</p> -<p>Although <span class="smcap">Organic Remains</span> are to be -found in some parts of this district in considerable quantities, -yet they do not include many varieties. The following list -of those now in the possession of the author, comprises one of -almost every species which has yet been found.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>From the Chalk -Stratum</i>. No 2.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Teeth of the Squalus or Shark.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Impression of a Vertebræ.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Terebratula subundata.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Terebratula subrotunda.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within some bivalve Venus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Terebratula -semigloboso. <i>Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology</i>, -15.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Inoceramus Cuvierii.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Echinus.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>From the Oolite -Stratum</i>. No. 4.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ostrea, curious and not named.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A bivalve, not named.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A piece composed of the Serpula -auricula.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page101"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 101</span><i>From the Sand Stone -Stratum</i>. No. 5.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Ad Ammonites, curious and not named. -It is without a keel; else like Ammonites inflatus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Cardita. <i>Sowerby’s Mineral -Conchology</i>, 197.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Inoceramus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Unio.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Terebratula approaching glaber.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Terebratula approaching acerminatus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Lucina concentrica.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a bivalve, not named.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Trochus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Trigonia.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Venus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Pecten.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast within a Cardium.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Several Bellemnitæ.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>From the Shale or Clunch -Clay</i>. No. 6.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Os Femoris of the Ichthyosaurus or Giant -Lizard.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Several Vertebræ of the same -animal.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ammonites, not named.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Venus equales. <i>Sowerby’s -Mineral Conchology</i>, 21.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Cardita.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ostrea crista galli. -<i>Linnæus</i>.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ostrea under valve, with a cast of the -inside of the upper valve.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Gryphæa bullata</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Gryphites incurva. -<i>Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology</i>, 112, 1 <i>and</i> -2.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ammonites seratus. -<i>Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology</i>, 24.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Inoceramus Cuvierii hinge.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Unio hybrida. <i>Sowerby’s -Mineral Conchology</i>, 154, <i>fig.</i> 2.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Several Unios.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A piece composed entirely of shells, the -chief part of which are the Serpula auricula. It also -contains an inside cast of a small turretted shell.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Tellina.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Pentacrinite.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Mytilus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Several Bellemnitæ.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>From the beds of Ferruginous -Gravel in Alluvium of Shale</i>. No. 3.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Tooth of the Elephant or Mastodon.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Inoceramus Cuvierii.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Ostrea, with a cast of the upper -valve.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast of an Unio indistinct.</p> -<p class="gutindent"><a name="page102"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 102</span>A chama.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A cast of Shell, not named.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Echinus.</p> -<p class="gutindent">Several bellemnitæ.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A Madrepore.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Alcyonium.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An Astarte.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A part of a Spongites.</p> -<p class="gutindent">An impression of a Cactus, or an Euphorbia, -or some other Oriental plant. <i>Sowerby’s Mineral -Conchology</i>, 40.</p> -<p class="gutindent">A piece of Wood similar to the Fossil Wood -of Wooburn, Bedfordshire.</p> -<p>In the valley at Salmonby, near to the spot where the earthy -oxide of iron is found, is a chalybeate spring, the water of -which is of the same nature as that of Tunbridge, but much -stronger.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p>Printed by Weir and Son,<br /> - - -Horncastle.</p> -<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2> -<p><a name="footnote4a"></a><a href="#citation4a" -class="footnote">[4a]</a> Taciti Breviarum Vitæ Cn. -Julii Agricola. sec. xx et xxi.</p> -<p><a name="footnote4b"></a><a href="#citation4b" -class="footnote">[4b]</a> Stukeley’s Itinerarium -Curiosum, p. 28.</p> -<p><a name="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a" -class="footnote">[5a]</a> The Roman road from Lincoln to -Horncastle did not vary materially from the present road between -these places. Another Roman way branched from this road at -the distance of about four miles from Horncastle, leading nearly -in a straight line to Caistor, and from thence to the Humber: it -bears the name of the <i>High Street</i>, and several tumuli are -to be seen on its sides.</p> -<p><a name="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b" -class="footnote">[5b]</a> Leland’s Collectanea, tom -1, part 2, p. 509.</p> -<p><a name="footnote6a"></a><a href="#citation6a" -class="footnote">[6a]</a> Domesday, folio 339.</p> -<p><a name="footnote6b"></a><a href="#citation6b" -class="footnote">[6b]</a> Adelias de Cundi, was the -daughter and heiress of William de Cheney, Lord of Cavenby and -Glentham in the county of Lincoln, at the time of the -conquest. By her husband Roger de Cundi, whom she survived, -she had a daughter and heiress Agnes, afterwards married to -Walter, son of Walter de Clifford, of Clifford Castle, in the -county of Hereford. Dugdale vol. ii. p. 336. Monast. -Ang. vol. ii p. 646 a n. 50.</p> -<p><a name="footnote6c"></a><a href="#citation6c" -class="footnote">[6c]</a> Dugdale’s Baronage, p. -39.</p> -<p><a name="footnote6d"></a><a href="#citation6d" -class="footnote">[6d]</a> Hund. Rot. 19. Hornc. -Wap.</p> -<p><a name="footnote7a"></a><a href="#citation7a" -class="footnote">[7a]</a> On the eastern boundary of the -parish is a place called <i>Hangman’s Corner</i>, where -those convicted of capital offences in the court of the manor -were executed.</p> -<p><a name="footnote7b"></a><a href="#citation7b" -class="footnote">[7b]</a> Cart. Rot. 14 et 15. H.3.</p> -<p><a name="footnote7c"></a><a href="#citation7c" -class="footnote">[7c]</a> Hund. Rot. ut antea.</p> -<p><a name="footnote7d"></a><a href="#citation7d" -class="footnote">[7d]</a> Mag. Rot. 17. H.3.</p> -<p><a name="footnote8a"></a><a href="#citation8a" -class="footnote">[8a]</a> Cart. Rot 18. Ed. 1. m. 39 -12. Ed. 2 no. 17.</p> -<p><a name="footnote8b"></a><a href="#citation8b" -class="footnote">[8b]</a> Pat. 14 Ric. 2. pars. 1 m. 3.</p> -<p><a name="footnote8c"></a><a href="#citation8c" -class="footnote">[8c]</a> Cart. Rot. 25 H. 6.</p> -<p><a name="footnote8d"></a><a href="#citation8d" -class="footnote">[8d]</a> Parliamentary Survey, made in the -years 1647 and 1648.</p> -<p><a name="footnote8e"></a><a href="#citation8e" -class="footnote">[8e]</a> Robert Aldrich was born at -Burnham in Buckinghamshire, educated at Eton, and elected a -scholar of King’s college, Cambridge, in 1507, where he -took the degree of M.A. afterwards became proctor of the -university, schoolmaster of Eton; fellow of the college, and at -length provost. In 1523 he was one of those who were sent -out by the university of Cambridge to preach in different parts -of the nation, as the judges now go their circuits. In 1529 -he retired to Oxford, where he was incorporated B.D. About -the same time he was made archdeacon of Colchester. In 1534 -he was installed canon of Windsor, and the same year he was -appointed register of the most noble order of the garter. -July 18, 1537, he was consecrated bishop of Carlisle. He -was a correspondent of Erasmus, who termed him when young, -“blandæ eloquentiæ juvenis,” and appears -to have associated with him during his residence at -Cambridge. Leland was his familiar acquaintance, and gives -him a high character for parts and learning. He was the -author of a volume of epigrams, and several theological -treatises.</p> -<p><a name="footnote9a"></a><a href="#citation9a" -class="footnote">[9a]</a> Cart. Rot. 16 Car. 2.</p> -<p><a name="footnote9b"></a><a href="#citation9b" -class="footnote">[9b]</a> Memoirs of Sir Edward Fynes -Clinton, Annual Register 1772, Characters, p. 2.</p> -<p><a name="footnote9c"></a><a href="#citation9c" -class="footnote">[9c]</a> Fenman’s Vade Mecum, -Harleian MS. No. 4127.</p> -<p><a name="footnote11a"></a><a href="#citation11a" -class="footnote">[11a]</a> Clarendon, Rapin, and Hume.</p> -<p><a name="footnote11b"></a><a href="#citation11b" -class="footnote">[11b]</a> Ludlow’s Memoirs.</p> -<p><a name="footnote12"></a><a href="#citation12" -class="footnote">[12]</a> Vicar’s Parliamentary -Chronicle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote15a"></a><a href="#citation15a" -class="footnote">[15a]</a> Vicars’s Parliamentary -Chronicle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote15b"></a><a href="#citation15b" -class="footnote">[15b]</a> Ibid.</p> -<p><a name="footnote16a"></a><a href="#citation16a" -class="footnote">[16a]</a> Intercepted letter from Sir -William Widdrington. Rushworth’s Collections, 8vo. -edit. vol. v. 78.</p> -<p><a name="footnote16b"></a><a href="#citation16b" -class="footnote">[16b]</a> Ibid.</p> -<p><a name="footnote17a"></a><a href="#citation17a" -class="footnote">[17a]</a> Vicars’s Parliamentary -Chronicle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote17b"></a><a href="#citation17b" -class="footnote">[17b]</a> Ibid.</p> -<p><a name="footnote18"></a><a href="#citation18" -class="footnote">[18]</a> Some say this was a Captain -Portington, who afterwards told Cromwell that he aimed at his -nose, when he hit his horse on the head. Life of -Cromwell. See also Ludlow, Vicars, and Hume.</p> -<p><a name="footnote19a"></a><a href="#citation19a" -class="footnote">[19a]</a> The road adjoining to Winceby -field bears the name of <i>Slash Lane</i>, where it is -traditionally related great numbers of the royal army were -slaughtered, owing to their retreat being obstructed by a closed -gate.</p> -<p><a name="footnote19b"></a><a href="#citation19b" -class="footnote">[19b]</a> Vicars’s Parliamentary -Chronicle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote19c"></a><a href="#citation19c" -class="footnote">[19c]</a> Ibid.</p> -<p><a name="footnote20a"></a><a href="#citation20a" -class="footnote">[20a]</a> Vicars’s Parliamentary -Chronicle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote20b"></a><a href="#citation20b" -class="footnote">[20b]</a> This anecdote the author has -repeatedly heard from several of the old inhabitants of the -town.</p> -<p><a name="footnote20c"></a><a href="#citation20c" -class="footnote">[20c]</a> October 11, 1643.</p> -<p><a name="footnote21"></a><a href="#citation21" -class="footnote">[21]</a> It is said accompanied by Sir -William Widdrington. Rapin.</p> -<p><a name="footnote22"></a><a href="#citation22" -class="footnote">[22]</a> Dr. Stukeley has incorrectly -described this fortress as a complete parallelogram: Gough, too -has erroneously stated it to have enclosed twenty acres.</p> -<p><a name="footnote23"></a><a href="#citation23" -class="footnote">[23]</a> The Roman youth were first -instructed in the game of Troy Town by Ascanius, called also -Julus, the son of Æneas, and from him the maze in which it -was performed took the name of Julian Bower. A very -animated description of this game is given by Virgil in the fifth -book of his Æneid. See also Stukeley’s -Itinerarium Curiosum, p, 91.</p> -<p><a name="footnote26a"></a><a href="#citation26a" -class="footnote">[26a]</a> “Ecclesia de Horne Caster, -& de Askeby, & de superiore Toynton, & de Mering, -& de Hinderby sunt de donac’oe d’ni Regis, & -Osbertus Persona tenet eas de dono Regis Ricardi.” -Testa de Nevill.</p> -<p><a name="footnote26b"></a><a href="#citation26b" -class="footnote">[26b]</a> See the note in page <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page28">28</a></span>.</p> -<p><a name="footnote27a"></a><a href="#citation27a" -class="footnote">[27a]</a> This shield is merely painted in -a cavity where a brass has been fixed.</p> -<p><a name="footnote27b"></a><a href="#citation27b" -class="footnote">[27b]</a> In the Harleian collection of -manuscripts, in the British Museum, is a volume of Lincolnshire -Church Notes, taken about the year 1640, by Mr. Gervase Holles, a -native of Great Grimsby, and a representative of that place in -several parliaments. Beside noticing the above monument and -epitaph, it contains the following account of arms and -inscriptions at that time in this church, not a vestige of which -is now remaining.</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Insulæ borealis</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia Thomæ Coppuldike Armig. & -D’næ Margaretæ Consortis suæ fundatoris -Gildæ Cantar . . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni. 1526.</p> -</blockquote> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In superiori -Fenestra boreali Cancelli</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a Lyon passant guardant Arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 3 Flowres de lize betw: 6 Crosses botony fitchy -Arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a Crosse sarcely Arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Beke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Orientali Insulæ Australis</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam Fenestram -fieri fecerunt sc’æ Nenianæ cum sera et -catena. Item sc’i Crispinus & Crispinianus cum -instruments Calcearis.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestræ -borealis superius</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Or a lyon ramp. double queue sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw. 3 -bulles passant sa.</p> -<p>Empaled. Quarterly. B. a fesse betw. 3 goates -heads erased arg.</p> -<p>Empaled. Quarterly. Argent a chevron gobony -sa.</p> -<p>Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. on a bend G. 3 roses -arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tourney.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw 3 griphons heades -erased G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tilney.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Arg 3 bars G. over all a bend engrayled -sa</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ros.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Quarterly or and G. a border sa. -bezanty</p> -<p>Quarterly. Arg. 2 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of -flowres de lize</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly Ermine and chequy or and G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Gipthorpe.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chevron betw. 3. roses G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Taylboys, &c.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><blockquote><p style="text-align: -center"><i>Fenestra Australis superior</i>.</p> -</blockquote> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a fesse betw. 3 waterbougets ermine</p> -</td> -<td><p>Meres.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Marchant’s Marke</p> -<p>Empaled. Arg on a bend G 3 ferniers of the first</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p>Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri -Frescheville de Staveley in Com. Derb. Arm. [ex priore uxore sua -Elizabetha filia Gervasii Clifton de Clifton in Com. Nott. -Militis] et quondam Uxor Gervasii Holles de Burgh in Com. Linc. -Militis, cui peperit Freschevillum Holles, & Margaretum -gemellos, & Franciscum Holles filium juniorem. Obijt -Horncastell.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><a name="footnote29"></a><a href="#citation29" -class="footnote">[29]</a> It is observable that Cromwell is -here stiled the arch-rebel, although at the time mentioned he was -only a colonel, and by no means an illustrious individual in the -war. The date given to the battle is wrong, it having been -fought on the 11th of October; and the signal defeat of the -royalists is diminished in its importance, by stiling the -conflict a skirmish.</p> -<p><a name="footnote35"></a><a href="#citation35" -class="footnote">[35]</a> The same Act also empowered the -commissioners of the river Witham, in conjunction with the -Horncastle and Sleaford Navigation Companies, to complete the -navigable communication between the Witham and the Fosdike canal -through the High Bridge at Lincoln.</p> -<p><a name="footnote37"></a><a href="#citation37" -class="footnote">[37]</a> “Horne Castelle, as far as -I can lerne, is now most builded withyn the Circuite of an old -waullid Toune, or sum hughe Castel, as apperith from divers -Ruines of a Waulle. It hath one fair Paroche Chirch. -Alluitur Bano et Verino qui paulo infra op Banum. Dr. -Thybleby of the Queen’s College hath Landes aboute the olde -Walles of Horn Castelle. Warig risith of divers springis -aliquot passuum millibus ab oppido. Pons ibidem super -Verinum flu. The market is very good and quick occupiers in -the town.” Leland’s Itinerary, vol. 7. p. -51.</p> -<p><a name="footnote41"></a><a href="#citation41" -class="footnote">[41]</a> Domesday, folio 339.</p> -<p><a name="footnote42a"></a><a href="#citation42a" -class="footnote">[42a]</a> Mr. Holles, in the Church Notes -before quoted, mentions the following inscription at this place, -which now no longer exists:</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>On a Gravestone</i>.</p> -<blockquote><p>Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburgh, & Emmotta -uxor ejus, qui quidem Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii An’o -D’ni 1476 quorum a’iabus p’pitietur Deus -Amen.</p> -<p>The pictures of themselves upon the stone, & of ten -children, all in brasse.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 177.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><a name="footnote42b"></a><a href="#citation42b" -class="footnote">[42b]</a> Mr. Holles. notices the -following arms and inscriptions on the bells in this church, the -first of which are now gone, the latter still remaining:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenes</i>. -<i>Boreal</i>. <i>Cancelli</i>.</p> -<p>Sa. a crosse betw. 4 cinquefoyles arg.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Campane</i>.</p> -<p>[1] Sit nomen Domini benedictum.</p> -<p>[2] Intonat e cœlis vox campana Michaelis.</p> -<p>[3] Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata.</p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: right">Ibid. p. 342.</p> -<p><a name="footnote43"></a><a href="#citation43" -class="footnote">[43]</a> From the information of E. -Turnor, Esq. F.S.A.</p> -<p><a name="footnote44"></a><a href="#citation44" -class="footnote">[44]</a> Mr. Holles notices the following -arms once in this church, but now gone:</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra -Australes Cancelli</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 3 lyons passant guardant or</p> -</td> -<td><p>England.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmyon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Argent a plaine crosse B.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a lyon rampant purpure</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lacy.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chequy or & G. a chiefe ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tateshale.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In -Campanili</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt. -with girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, & neuf or</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 244.</p> -<p><a name="footnote45"></a><a href="#citation45" -class="footnote">[45]</a> In the windows were the following -arms when this church was visited by Mr. Holles:</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris -Cancelli</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmion.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a Crosse sarcely Arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Beke</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or,</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a lyon ramp. double queue sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 3 Flowres de lize betw: 6 crosse crosselets fitchy -arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 3 bars ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Kirketon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Barry of 6 or and sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestræ -boreales</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. a lyons head erased betw. 6 crosses botony arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Touthby.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. 2 bars G. a border sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Dymoke each lyon charg’d sur l’espale with an -annulet</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>La Warre.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a lyon rampant double queue sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In -Fenestræ australes</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 3 waterbougets arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ros.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or on fesse G. 3 plates</p> -</td> -<td><p>Huntingfield.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochfort.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Rochfort with a garbe in the 2d quarter arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochfort.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Rochfort with an annulet in the 2d quarter arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochfort.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a manche G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hastings.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a bend ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ry.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2d quarter -arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -borealis Navis</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>La Warre.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. on a bend G. 3 gryphons heads erased or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In -Campanili</i>.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">Joh’es Staines W. Jo.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 245.</p> -<p><a name="footnote47"></a><a href="#citation47" -class="footnote">[47]</a> The following arms and -inscriptions, now gone, are noticed by Mr. Holles, as being in -this church when visited by him:</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Australi</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. on a crosse sa.</p> -<p>Empaled. Arg. a crosse G. a bezant</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a crosse sa.</p> -<p>Empaled. Quarterly arg. and G. on the 1st and 4th -quarters a popinjay vert. membred and beked G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Occidental ex sinistra Campanilis</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia Joh’is Tott, Agnet, & Helene -uxorem ejus, & specialiter pro Andrea Tott Artium -Baccalaureo, qui istam Fenestram lapidari, nec non vitreari -fecit.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Sup Fulchrum ex p’te -Australia</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly Ufford & Beke</p> -</td> -<td><p>Willughby,</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">3 Crosses portate</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">2 Chevrons betw. 3. roses</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">A crosse</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">A lyon passant</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">Domus mea domus Orationibus vocabitur. -1591.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 213.</p> -<p><a name="footnote48"></a><a href="#citation48" -class="footnote">[48]</a> By the following extract it -appears that in the time of Mr. Holles, the windows of this -church abounded with stained glass, of which not a single vestige -is now remaining.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris -Orientali Cancelli</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmyon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned -d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. G. a frett of 8 pieces d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. B. 3 garbes d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a lyon rampant d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. a sword in pale arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 2 lyons passants arg. crowned d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dimoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. 3 flowres de lize bet. 6 crosse crosselets fitchy sa. -a border G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hillary.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a playne crosse G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a playne crosse arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>Tumulus -lapidus</i></p> -<p>Hic jacet Anna fillia Thomæ Dymoke Militis D’ni . -. . et Margaretis consortis suæ quæ obiit Ao. -D’ni 1462 &c. &c.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Verry a fesse G. fretty or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmion.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Or a lyon rampant double queue sa</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In muro boreali -eræ sculptum</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia M’ri. Joh’is de Croxby, -quondam Rectoris istius ecclesiæ, qui dedit annualem -redditum xx<i>s</i> annuatim impetuum, et in secunda feria -primæ hebdommadæ quadragessimæ habitantibus in -Conningsby sc’am formam evidentiæ suæ -distribuendorum.</p> -<p>This charity hath ceased for many yeares, the evidence having -been sacrilegiously stolne out of that monument within the wall, -as by the loosening of the plate of brasse may appeare.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Occidentali Capellæ Orientalis</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Orate pro a’iabus . . . Hatcliffe . . . Uxis -suæ</p> -</td> -<td><p>Fenestram.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 3 welles arg. bis</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wellis.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Sa. 3 welles arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wellis.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon -rampant</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hatcliffe.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. a sword in pale arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a fesse daunce betw. 3 talbots heades erased sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon rampant G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hattecliffe.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Orate pro bono statu H. Wellis notoria publici -. . . Hatcliffe uxoris suæ et sequelis eorum . . . hanc -fenestram fieri fecerunt A’no D’ni 1460.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In superioribus -Fenestris Borealibus</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a cinquefoil peirced betw. 8 crosse crosselets -d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Umframville.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Sa. a cross engrayled d’or . . . -Ufford.</p> -<p>Quarterly. G. a crosse sarcely arg. . . . Beke.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Willughby.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 3 waterbougets arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ros.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a lyon rampant double queue sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a crosse patonce G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend engrayled B.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chequy or and G. a chiefe ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tateshale.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ermyne a fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Bernake.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend B.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Crumwell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or on fesse G. 3 plates</p> -</td> -<td><p>Huntingfield.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a crosse molyn arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Beke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty on the 2d quarter -a garbe arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly &c. an annulet on the 2d quarter</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. crucilly a lyon rampant arg. bis</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Argent 3 shell snayles sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Dymoke Crumwell Holland</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly France and England a label of 3 arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly France and England a label of 3 ermyne</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Orientali</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’iabus fratrum & sororum Gildæ -be’æ Mariæ de Cunningsby, qui istam fenestram -fieri fecerunt.</p> -<p>This is a fayre Window, adorned with the Genealogy of the -Kinges of Israel and Judah, David lying along through the whole -bottome, from whose roote branch out the several stems. In -one part of it below the Picture of King Edward the first, -crowned, &c. &c.</p> -<p>Edwardus primus regnavit annos . . .</p> -<p>Orate pro Matilda de Padeholme, et Alicia</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>On a Gravestone</i>.</p> -<p>Hic jacet D’nus Thomas Butler, quondam Capellanus -Gildæ be’æ Mariæ Cunningsby, qui obiit 10 -die Mensis Decembris, A’no D’ni 1510. Cujus -aiæ &c. &c.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>On another</i>.</p> -<p>Pray for the Soule of John Smith of Cunsby sometimes -M’chant of the Staple of Calis, which died in the yeare of -our Lord God 1470, & Jonet his Wife which died the 24th Day -of November in the yeare of our Lord God 1461.</p> -<p>And all good people that this Scripture reade or see<br /> -For theire soules say a Paternoster, Ave-Maria, & a creed for -Charity.</p> -<p>On another the pourtraytures of a man and his two wives on -either side of him in brasse with this inscription vizt.</p> -<p>Pray for the soules of Richard Whetecroft of Coningsby -M’chant of the Staple at Calice & sometimes Lieutenant -of the same, & Jane & Margaret his Wives, which Richard -deceased the 23d day of November, Ao. D’ni 1524.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>In the Parlour of the Parsonage -House</i>.</p> -</blockquote> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a crosse engrailed G. betw. 4 waterbougets sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Bourchier.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly & Quartered with Quarterly . . . Gules -billetty d’or a fesse arg. Crumwell and Tateshale</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lovayne.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. a manche d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Sa. 3 lyons Passant guardant arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Dymoke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned -d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Dymoke</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Marmyon</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Verry a fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmyon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Or a lyon rampant double queue sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Welles.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. A coate defaced</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Welles</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Verry a fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. B. a manehe d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p>All these Escocheons are in 2 Windowes, in which -two Windowes also are these Verses:</p> -<p>Alme Deus cœli Croxby tu parce Johanni<br /> -Hanc ædem fieri benefecit sponte Jo Croxby<br /> -Anno Milleno quater. c. L. x. quoq. terno.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>In the other Windowes</i>.</p> -</blockquote> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>Barry of 6 ermyne and G. 3 crescents sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Waterton.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly Ufford & Beke</p> -</td> -<td><p>Willughby.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Verry a fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmyon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ermyne 5 fusils in fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Hebden.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a crosse sarcely sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Quarterly Crumwell & Tateshale</p> -</td> -<td><p>Crumwell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 6 billets d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Deyncourt.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Dymoke</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Welles</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. an arming sworde pile in poynte arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg 3 bulls passant</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. G. on a chevron arg. 3 pomeis</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a fesse dauuce betw. 3 talbots heads -erased sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 178 to -182.</p> -<p><a name="footnote53a"></a><a href="#citation53a" -class="footnote">[53a]</a> Domesday, folio 354.</p> -<p><a name="footnote53b"></a><a href="#citation53b" -class="footnote">[53b]</a> Burton’s Monast. Ebor. p. -215.</p> -<p><a name="footnote54"></a><a href="#citation54" -class="footnote">[54]</a> The following arms and -inscriptions, now gone, were in this church when it was visited -by Mr. Holles.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra</i>.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a plaine crosse G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a fesse betw. 6 crosselets botony fitchy arg. charged -with as many mullets or pierced G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sa. a bend betw. 6 mullets or pierced G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Briton.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>In the Church on a -flat marble stone in Saxon Characters</i>.</p> -<p><span class="GutSmall">ICI : GIST : MARGARETA : DE : LACI : QE -: FVLA : FEME : GWILLEAMA : DE ; MOVSTE . . .</span></p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 177.</p> -<p><a name="footnote55"></a><a href="#citation55" -class="footnote">[55]</a> Domesday, folio 331.</p> -<p><a name="footnote56a"></a><a href="#citation56a" -class="footnote">[56a]</a> Escheat Rolls.</p> -<p><a name="footnote56b"></a><a href="#citation56b" -class="footnote">[56b]</a> Cook C. Herald, MS.</p> -<p><a name="footnote56c"></a><a href="#citation56c" -class="footnote">[56c]</a> From the information of E. -Turnor, Esq. F.S.A.</p> -<p><a name="footnote57a"></a><a href="#citation57a" -class="footnote">[57a]</a> Tupholme is not mentioned either -in the Domesday survey or Testa de Nevill.</p> -<p><a name="footnote57b"></a><a href="#citation57b" -class="footnote">[57b]</a> See the Charter in -Dugdale’s Monasticon, p. 596.</p> -<p><a name="footnote59"></a><a href="#citation59" -class="footnote">[59]</a> The windows were formerly -embellished with the following heraldic bearings in stained -glass, of which no vestiges are now existing.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Boreali -Fenestra Chori</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. 3 chaplets with roses gules</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lascels.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 3 mascels argent</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 4 fusils in fesse arg. a border engrailed or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Nevill.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 140.</p> -<p><a name="footnote60"></a><a href="#citation60" -class="footnote">[60]</a> Lodge’s Illustrations, vol. -ii. 191.</p> -<p><a name="footnote61a"></a><a href="#citation61a" -class="footnote">[61a]</a> Domesday, folio 331.</p> -<p><a name="footnote61b"></a><a href="#citation61b" -class="footnote">[61b]</a> In the forty-second and -forty-third years of Henry the third, Philip Marmyon had grants -of a market, fair, and free warren, at his manor of -Scrivelsby. In the ninth year of Edward the first, he -showed that he had those rights, and that of gallows at -Scrivelsby, with the other privileges incident to one of the -great barons of the realm; and also right of free warren in the -soke of Horncastle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote62"></a><a href="#citation62" -class="footnote">[62]</a> On account of the present -possessor of the manor of Scrivelsby being a clerk in orders, his -son, Henry Dymoke, Esquire, was allowed to perform the service at -the coronation of His present Majesty George the fourth, in -1821. The following is a description of the ceremony on -that occasion.</p> -<blockquote><p>Before the second course was brought in, the -Champion, in his full suit of armour, mounted on a horse richly -caparisoned, appeared under the porch of the triumphal arch, at -the bottom of the Hall. Every thing being in readiness, the -procession moved in the following order:</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Two -Trumpets</span> with the Champion’s Arms on their -banners.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">The -Sergeant-Trumpeter</span>, with his Mace on his shoulder.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Two Sergeants -at Arms</span>, with their Maces on their shoulders.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">The Champion’s Two Esquires</span>, -in half armour, one on the right hand bearing the -Champion’s lance, the other on the left hand with the -Champion’s target, and the arms of Dymoke depicted -thereon.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">A <span -class="smcap">Herald</span>, with a paper in his hand containing -the challenge.</p> -</blockquote> -<table> -<tr> -<td><blockquote><p><span class="smcap">The Deputy Earl -Marshal</span>, on Horseback, in his Robes and Coronet, with the -Earl Marshal’s Staff in his Hand, attended by a Page.</p> -</blockquote> -</td> -<td><blockquote><p>THE CHAMPION, on Horseback, in a complete Suit -of Bright Armour, with a Gauntlet in his Hand, his Helmet on his -Head, adorned with a Plume of Feathers.</p> -</blockquote> -</td> -<td><blockquote><p><span class="smcap">The Lord High -Constable</span> in his Robes and Coronet, and Collar of his -Order, on Horseback, with the Constable’s Staff, attended -by two Pages.</p> -</blockquote> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><span -class="smcap">Four Pages</span>, richly apparelled, attendants on -the Champion.</p> -<p>At the entrance into the Hall, the Trumpets sounded thrice, -and the passage to the King’s table being cleared by the -Knight Marshal, the Herald with a loud voice proclaimed the -Champion’s Challenge, in the words following:</p> -<p>“If any person, of what degree soever, high or low, -shall deny or gainsay our sovereign lord King George the fourth, -of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, defender of -the faith, son and next heir to our sovereign lord King George -the third, the last king, deceased, to be right heir to the -imperial crown of this United Kingdom, or that he ought not to -enjoy the same, here is his Champion, who saith that he lieth, -and is a false traitor, being ready in person to combat with him, -and in this quarrel will adventure his life against him on what -day soever he shall be appointed.”</p> -<p>Whereupon the Champion threw down his gauntlet; which, having -lain a short time upon the ground, the Herald took it up, and -delivered it again to the Champion.</p> -<p>They then advanced to the middle of the Hall, where the -ceremony was again performed in the same manner.</p> -<p>Lastly, they advanced to the steps of the throne, where the -Herald (and those who preceded him) ascending to the middle of -the steps, proclaimed the challenge in the like manner; when the -Champion having thrown down his gauntlet and received it again -from the Herald, made a low obeisance to the King: whereupon the -Cupbearer, having received from the Officer of the Jewel-House, a -Gold Cup and Cover filled with Wine, presented the same to the -King, and his Majesty drank to the Champion, and sent to him by -the Cupbearer the said Cup, which the Champion (having put on his -gauntlet) received, and having made a low obeisance to the King, -and drank the Wine; after which, making another low obeisance to -his Majesty, and being accompanied as before, he departed out of -the Hall, taking with him the said cup and cover as his fee.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><a name="footnote63"></a><a href="#citation63" -class="footnote">[63]</a> In this inscription Sir Robert -Dymoke is, by mistake of the sculptor, styled <i>knight</i> and -<i>baronet</i> instead of <i>knight banneret</i>.</p> -<p><a name="footnote68"></a><a href="#citation68" -class="footnote">[68]</a> “Vir illustris in consilio, -strenuus in prælio, princeps militæ in Angliæ, -et in omni regno ornatissimus.” Wever’s Fun. -Mem. p. 366.</p> -<p><a name="footnote70"></a><a href="#citation70" -class="footnote">[70]</a> The MS. vol. of Church notes, so -often before quoted, contains the following description of this -castle:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“The castle of Bullingbrooke was built by -William de Romara, Earle of Lincolne, and ennobled by the birth -of King Henry the 4th, who from thence took his sirname. -Heretofore it was a famous structure, but now gone much to ruine -and decay.</p> -<p>“The towne standes in a bottome, and the castell in the -lowest part of it, compassed about with a large moat fed by -springs. It is most accessible on the south-west part, the -rest being encompassed by the hills.</p> -<p>“As for the frame of the building, it lieth in a square, -the area within the walls conteyning about an acre and a half, -the building is very uniforme.</p> -<p>“It hath 4 stronge forts or ramparts, wherein are many -roomes, and lodgings: the passage from one to another lying upon -the walles, which are embattled about. There be likewise 2 -watch-towers all covered with lead. If all the roomes in it -were repayred, and furnished [as it seemes in former tymes they -have bin] it were capable to receyve a very great prince with all -his trayne.</p> -<p>“The entrance into it is very stately over a faire -draw-bridge. The gatehouse a very uniforme, and strong -building. Next within the porter’s lodge is a payre -of low stayres, which goe downe into a dungeon, in which some -reliques are yet to be seene of a prison-house. Other 2 -prisons more are on either side.</p> -<p>“The building itselfe is of a sandy stone hewen of a -great square out of the rockes thereby, which though it abide the -weather longe, yet [in processe of tyme] it will moulder, -especially if wett gett within it, which hath bin the decay of -many places of the wall where the roofe is uncovered.</p> -<p>“There be certaine roomes within the castle, [built by -Queen Elizabeth of freestone] amongst which is a fayre great -chamber with other lodgings.</p> -<p>“In a roome in one of the towers of the castle they -usually kept their auditt once by the yeare for the whole Dutchy -of Lancaster, having ever bin the prime seate thereof, where all -the recordes for the whole countrey are kept.</p> -<p>“The constable of the castle is Sir William Mounson Lord -Castlemayne, who receaveth a revenue out of the Dutchy lands of -£500. per annum, in part of payment of £1000. yearely -given by the king to the Countesse of Nottingham his lady.</p> -<p>“One thinge is not to be passed by affirmed as a -certaine trueth by many of the inhabitants of the towne upon -their owne knowledge, which is, that the castle is haunted by a -certain spirit in the likenesse of a hare: which att the meeting -of the auditors doeth usually runne betweene their legs, and -sometymes overthrows them, and soe passes away. They have -pursued it downe into the castleyard, and seene it take in att a -grate into a low cellar, and have followed it thither with a -light, where notwithstanding that they did most narrowly observe -it [and that there was noe other passage out, but by the doore, -or windowe, the roome being all close framed of stones within, -not having the least chinke or crevice] yet they could never -finde it. And att other tymes it hath been seene run in at -iron-grates below into other of the grotto’s [as their be -many of them] and they have watched the place, and sent for -houndes, and put in after it; but after a while they have come -crying out.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 162.</p> -<p><a name="footnote71"></a><a href="#citation71" -class="footnote">[71]</a> The following arms and -inscriptions were in the windows of this church when it was -visited by Mr. Holles.</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Orientali Cancelli</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>G. 3 lyons passants gardants d’or a -labell of 3 each charged with 3 floures de lize of the second</p> -</td> -<td><p>Comes<br /> -Lancastr.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Empaled. Castile and Leon quarterly<br -/> -Empaled. France & England quarterly</p> -</td> -<td><p>A label of 3 arg. each charged with 2 de lizes sa.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Or a lyon rampant purpure</p> -</td> -<td><p>Lacy.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>B. 3 garbes d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Meschines.<br /> -Com. Cestr.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Sa. a crosse engrayled d’or<br /> -Quarterly. G. a crosse molyn arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Ufford<br /> -Beke</p> -</td> -<td><p>Willughby.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Argent a fesse G between 3 bugles trippant -sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra -Orientali ad dextram Navis</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>B. 6. lyoncels rampant d’or. 3. 2. 1.<br -/> -Lancaster.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Longspeee.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>England, and France quarterly.<br /> -Lacy.<br /> -G. 3 lyons passants arg. a labell of 3 d’or, each charged -with a lyon rampant purpure</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In</i> 1<i>ma -Fenestra australi</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>B. 3 garbes d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Meschines.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Chequy d’or & B a bend G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Clifford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Quarterly arg. & G. the 2d & 3d -charg’d with a frette d’or over all a bend sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Spenser.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Femina gestans in veste sex leones aureos -erectos una cum leone purpure conjunctos</p> -</td> -<td><p>Longespee.<br /> -Lacy.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In</i> 2<i>da -Fenestra Australi</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>G. a fesse verry betw. 3 leopards heads jesant -floures de lize d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Cantilupe.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>G. a crosse molyn arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Beke.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets -d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Deyncourt.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In -Campanili</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Quarterly France, and England</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty</p> -</td> -<td><p>Rochford.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Or, a chevron betw: 10 crosses botony sa.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Slight.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='3'><p>Orate pro bono statu . . . Ducis -Aurelie. Ad hoc Campanile . . . Ao. r. r. Hen.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p>Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw: 3 -martlets sa.<br /> -Quarterly. Chequy or & G. on a chiefe arg. a lyon -passant sa.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 163.</p> -<p><a name="footnote72"></a><a href="#citation72" -class="footnote">[72]</a> Domesday, folio 351.</p> -<p><a name="footnote74"></a><a href="#citation74" -class="footnote">[74]</a> See the Charter in -Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. i. p. 822.</p> -<p><a name="footnote76"></a><a href="#citation76" -class="footnote">[76]</a> Stukeley’s Itinerarium -Curiosum, p. 28.</p> -<p><a name="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82" -class="footnote">[82]</a> Dr. John Taylor of Norwich was -one of the earliest ministers appointed by Mr. Disney. He -held his appointment from about 1715, for 18 years, and at this -place composed his justly valued “Hebrew -Concordance,” in two vols. folio.</p> -<p><a name="footnote86"></a><a href="#citation86" -class="footnote">[86]</a> Itinerarium, p. 162.</p> -<p><a name="footnote87"></a><a href="#citation87" -class="footnote">[87]</a> Gough, and others who have copied -from him, erroneously state this tower to be two hundred feet in -height.</p> -<p><a name="footnote90"></a><a href="#citation90" -class="footnote">[90]</a> The principal part of the stained -glass taken from this church was placed by the Earl of Exeter in -the church of St. Martin, Stamford Baron, with some other richly -stained glass, procured from the churches of Snape in Yorkshire, -and Barnack in Northamptonshire.</p> -<p><a name="footnote91a"></a><a href="#citation91a" -class="footnote">[91a]</a> Joan Lady Cromwell was one of -the daughters of Sir Richard Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress -of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell. She married Humphry -Bourchier, third Son of the Earl of Essex, who was created Lord -Cromwell, in the first year of Edward the fourth.</p> -<p><a name="footnote91b"></a><a href="#citation91b" -class="footnote">[91b]</a> Matilda Lady Willoughby was the -other daughter of Sir Richard Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress -of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell.</p> -<p><a name="footnote92a"></a><a href="#citation92a" -class="footnote">[92a]</a> Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii p. -179.</p> -<p><a name="footnote92b"></a><a href="#citation92b" -class="footnote">[92b]</a> The MS. volume of Lincolnshire -Church Notes, notices all the foregoing inscriptions, though not -in a very correct manner. It also contains the following -account of inscriptions and arms in this church, which are now -gone:</p> -<blockquote><p style="text-align: center"><i>In the upper ende of -the Chancell</i>.</p> -<p>Next under another fayre monument of blew marble [as the -former] the picture of one also inlayd in brasse, adorned rounde -aboute with a border of curious workemanship in brasse, with the -pictures and names of some prophets in the Old Testament, and of -other saintes, and some Saxon kinges, as Edmund, Edward, -Etheldred, Ethelbert, there is noe inscription, onely this -ensuing escocheon upon either side of him.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p92.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Coat of arms" -title= -"Coat of arms" - src="images/p92.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>On the north Side under a -Marble</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia M’ri Joh’is Gigur -baccalaur. Theologiæ custodis hujus collegii, ac -etiam . . . Collegij Marton in Oxonia qui obijt 12º.die . . -.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>On the Wood Worke in the lower -ende of the Quire</i>, <i>curiously carved in capital l’rs -this</i>,—</p> -<p>Ad honorem & gloriam Dei opt. Max. & decorum domus -ejus hoc opus factum est Anno D’ni 1424.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris</i>.</p> -<p>The history of the passion depainted. In another -Hell’s torments, where are divers creatures bound together -in a chayne; amongst whome one with a crowne, another with a -mytre on his head, the divell tormenting them, and under them is -written—</p> -<p style="text-align: center">‘Sic affliguntur pœnis, -qui prava sequuntur.’</p> -<p>The history of Hermogenes that raysed up devills, and of -Guthlake [the saint of the fens] and of Catherina, who cast them -into the sea, that Hermogenes and Philetus raysed.</p> -<p>The history of Cosdre with his decollation.</p> -</blockquote> -<table> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris ex -latere Australi</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Crumwell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly. Crumwell with chequy d’or and G. a -chiefe ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Tateshale.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a lyon rampant d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Fitz-Alane.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. 3 cinquefoyles and a canton</p> -</td> -<td><p>Driby.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Bendy of 10 pieces arg. and G.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Ermyne a fesse G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Bernake.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets d’or</p> -</td> -<td><p>Deyncourt.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. 10 annulets d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Chequy d’or and G. a bend ermyne</p> -</td> -<td><p>Clifton.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Quarterly.—Crumwell and Tateshall</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Crumwell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a chevron B. a file with 3 lambeaux -d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Barry of 6 arg. and B. a bend G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Grey of Rotherfield.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Verry a fesse</p> -</td> -<td><p>Marmyon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a labell of 3 -ermyne</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Lozengy arg. and G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Fitz-William.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>Ex latere -boreali</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Chequy d’or and G. a bendlet B.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Lozengy arg. and G.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Fitz-William.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>B. a crosse patonce arg.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Party p. pale G. and sa. a lyon rampant arg. crowned -d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg: 3 water-pots covered G. a border sa. bezanty</p> -</td> -<td><p>Monboucher.<br /> -[ut opinor.]</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend B.</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Empaled. Party p, pale G. & sa. a lyon rampant -arg. crowned d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chevron betw: 3 pots covered G. a border sa. -bezanty</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a labell of 3 -d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Barry of 6 arg. and G. a bend engrayled d’or</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Crumwell with a labell of 3 ermyne</p> -</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan='2'><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris -utrimq. supra portas Australem et Borealem</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia Radulphi nuper D’ni de Crumwell -& Tateshale Thesaurarij Angliæ, et fundatoris hujus -Collegij.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>The Roode Loft</i>, 1524</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>G. a saltier arg. a file with 3 lambeaux B.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Nevile.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Lozengy sa. and erm. on a chiefe sa. 3 lillies arg.</p> -</td> -<td><p>Wainflet<br /> -Ep’us Wint.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<blockquote><p>Wainflet Ep’usWinton cujus insignia -sculptata sup. utranq. porticum in saxo.</p> -<p>Thomas Howard gen. & Beatrix consors ejus vitriaverunt -fenestram borealem in honore s’cæ Catherinæ, -cujus passio ib’dm.</p> -<p>Empaled. Arg. a chevron chequy d’or & G betw 3 -flesh-hookes sa,</p> -<p>Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 3 storkes arg.</p> -<p>Arg. a chevron betw. 3 catherine wheels d’or</p> -<p>Deyncourt sup. portam collegii.</p> -<p>Sup. crucem in foro ville Crumwell & Tateshall paling -Deyncourt & p. se 3.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Gravestones in the -Church</i>.</p> -<p>Hic jacet Thomas Gibbon Artium Liberalium M’gr. Rector -nuper de Wiberton Socius & precentor hujus collegij qui obijt -16º. die mensis Januarij An’o D’ni 1506 cujus -&c.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Another</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia D’ni Henr. Porter capti quondam -Socij Collegij de Tateshall ac præcentor ejusdem -Eccl’ie, qui obijt 12º. die Martij An’o -D’ni 1519.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Another</i>.</p> -<p>Hic jacet Edwardus Okey nup. unus sex clericorum hujus -Collegij qui obijt 29 die Januarij An’o D’ni 1519, -cujus &c.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>In Insula Australi</i>.</p> -<p>Hic jacet Ric’us English artium liberalium Mgr. socius -ac p’centor huj. Collegij & Vicarius -Eccl’iæ de Burwell qui obijt 27º. die Martij -A’o D’ni 1522.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Another</i>.</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia M’ri Rob’ti Sudbury -sacræ Theologiæ Baccalaureus nuper Rector . . . ac -quondam p’centor & socius hujus Collegij qui obijt -19º. Decembris An’o 1482.</p> -<p><i>Under the arched worke of the Partition betw. the Chancell -and the body of the Church</i>, <i>this</i>,</p> -<p>Orate pro a’ia Rob’ti de Whalley . . . hujus -collegij qui hoc opus fieri fecit A’o D’ni 1528. -cujus a’ie p’pitietur Deus. Amen.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>Within a Chapel on the North -side</i>, <i>a fayre flat Marble</i>, <i>on which this -Epitaph</i>,</p> -<p>Have mercy on the soule [good Lord] we thee pray<br /> -Of Edward Hevyn, lay’d here in sepulture,<br /> -W’ch to thine honour this chappel did array<br /> -With ceeling, desk, perclose and pourtrayture,<br /> -And paviment of marble long to endure.<br /> -Servant of late to the excellent Princesse<br /> -Mother to King Henry, of Richmond Countesse.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><i>The Armes on the Gravestone -are</i></p> -<p>Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 boares heades couped, having -so many pomeis in their mouths; on the chevron a cresc . . . -Hevyn</p> -<p>Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 bulls heades . . . Hevyn</p> -</blockquote> -<p style="text-align: right">Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. -184–189.</p> -<p><a name="footnote96"></a><a href="#citation96" -class="footnote">[96]</a> “One of the -Cromwelle’s builded a preaty turret caullid the Tour of the -Moore; and thereby he made a faire greate ponde or lake, brickid -about. The lake is commonly caullid the -Synkker.” Leland’s Itinerarium, vi. 58.</p> -<p><a name="footnote98"></a><a href="#citation98" -class="footnote">[98]</a> By some called <i>Bind</i>, by -others <i>Clunch Clay</i>.</p> -<pre> - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES -OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE*** - - -***** This file should be named 62327-h.htm or 62327-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/3/2/62327 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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