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diff --git a/old/62327-0.txt b/old/62327-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1aaf044..0000000 --- a/old/62327-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4878 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Historical and descriptive sketches of the -town and soke of Horncastle, by George Weir, Illustrated by Thomas Espin - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Historical and descriptive sketches of the town and soke of Horncastle - in the county of Lincoln and several places adjacent [1822] - - -Author: George Weir - - - -Release Date: December 31, 2020 [eBook #62327] -[This file was first posted on June 5, 2020] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE -SKETCHES OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE*** - - -Transcribed from the 1822 Sherwood, Neely, And Jones edition by David -Price. - - [Picture: Remains of the Roman Wall, Horncastle. Drawn by Tho.s Espin - F.S.A.] - - - - - - HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE - SKETCHES - OF THE - TOWN AND SOKE - OF - HORNCASTLE, - IN THE - COUNTY OF LINCOLN, - - - AND SEVERAL - - PLACES ADJACENT, - - EMBELLISHED WITH ENGRAVINGS. - - * * * * * - - BY GEORGE WEIR. - - * * * * * - - SECOND EDITION. - - * * * * * - - LONDON: - PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES, - PATERNOSTER-ROW. - - SOLD AT HORNCASTLE BY WEIR AND SON. - - * * * * * - - 1822. - - * * * * * - -Printed by Weir and Son, - Horncastle. - - - - -ADVERTISEMENT. - - -THE first impression of this work being sold off, and copies still -enquired for, a second edition has been prepared for publication. In -this edition the Author has taken care to insert such additional -information respecting the places described in the former impression, as -he has been able to procure. A view of the Monastic Remains at Tupholme, -together with a short description of the place, is also added; and for -the drawing from which this view is engraved, the Author has to -acknowledge his obligation to Mr. Espin, of Louth, who kindly furnished -several of the former views. - -In order to reduce the price of the book as much as possible, the ancient -and modern plans of Horncastle, together with the Appendix, consisting -chiefly of charters, which were included in the first edition, in this -are omitted. - -August 15, 1822. - - - - -CONTENTS. - -HORNCASTLE Situation Page 1 - During the Roman and Saxon Governments 3 - The Manor 6 - During the Civil Wars in the Reign of 10 - Charles the First - Antiquities 22 - The Church 26 - The Grammar School 33 - The River Bane and Navigable Canal 35 - The Present State of the Town, Fairs, 37 - Markets, &c. -SOKE OF HORNCASTLE 41 - Thimbleby 41 - West Ashby 42 - Low Tointon 42 - High Tointon 43 - Mareham on the Hill 43 - Roughton 44 - Haltham 44 - Wood Enderby 46 - Moorby 46 - Wilksby 46 - Mareham le Fen 46 - Coningsby 47 - Langriville and Thornton le Fen 50 - Population 51 -BAUMBER 53 -EDLINGTON 55 -TUPHOLME 57 -SOMERSBY 59 -SCRIVELSBY 61 -BOLINGBROKE Situation 66 - The Manor 66 - The Castle 69 - The Church 71 - The Town 72 -REVESBY 74 - Memoir of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph 76 - Banks, Bart. -KIRKSTEAD 81 -TATTERSHALL Situation 84 - The Manor 84 - The Castle 86 - The Collegiate Church 89 - The Town 95 -TOWER ON THE MOOR 96 -GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 97 - -EMBELLISHMENTS. - -Frontispiece, Roman Wall at Horncastle, to face the title. -Roman Urns found at Horncastle 22 -Ancient British Coin 25 -North-East View of Horncastle Church 26 -Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke 27 -Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle 33 -Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company 35 -Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire 53 -Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire 55 -Remains of Tupholme Abbey 57 -Ancient Cross at Somersby 59 -Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church 63 -Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 1813 71 -Revesby Abbey, Seat of Lady Banks 75 -Kirkstead Chapel 82 -South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground Plan 87 -Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle 88 -Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South-East 91 -Tower on the Moor 96 -Geological Map 97 - - - - -HORNCASTLE. - - -SITUATION. - - -HORNCASTLE is pleasantly situated at the foot of that bold and even range -of Hills, which, from their openness, have been termed the wolds. It is -nearly in the centre of the Lindsey division of the county of Lincoln, -and is the chief of a soke of fifteen parishes to which it gives name. - -The principal part of the town is built within an angle formed by the -confluence of two rivers, the Bane and the Waring, where an ancient -fortification formerly stood, the scite of which is still visible, -denoting it in early times to have been a station of importance. - -The character of the place however is now completely changed. From a -military station it has become a situation of trade; and owing to its -being surrounded by a considerable number of villages, possesses one of -the largest markets in the county. - -Its distance from the city of Lincoln is twenty-one miles, and eighteen -from the town of Boston. - - - -HORNCASTLE DURING THE ROMAN AND SAXON GOVERNMENTS. - - -BEFORE the invasion of Britain by the Romans, whilst yet the island was -divided into independent states, the present scite of Horncastle with its -immediate neighbourhood was doubtless appropriated, like the rest of the -country of the Coritani, to the pasturing of herds and flocks. In the -formation of settlements no other circumstances influenced the Britons -than the conveniences which might be afforded them in their accustomed -occupations. Vallies fertilized by streams, and the contiguous hills -would supply food for their cattle and sheep, whilst the neighbourhood of -forests invited to the pursuits of the chase. The rich tracts of open -grass land stretching along the banks of the river Bane, and its -tributary stream, would be populously occupied by the pastoral -inhabitants of this district. Hence it may be presumed, that when the -weak efforts of the Coritani for independence had left them vanquished by -the victorious arms of the Romans, under Ostorius Scapula, and finally a -tributary state by the more efficient achievements of Suetonius Paulinus, -this portion of the country was soon secured by fixing on the present -scite of Horncastle a military station. From the almost imperishable -masses of the ancient wall which still remain, and by the numerous coins, -urns, and other vestiges of the Roman people which have been found in -this place, and are still met with in turning up the soil, it evidently -became in process of time a station of considerable importance. It is -difficult however to make any definite suggestions as to the period at -which the fortifications were erected, no inscription having been found -to throw light upon the subject. - -To secure by effectual barriers against insurrections, the conquests -which had already been made, whilst yet the bordering people to the -north, the fierce and powerful Brigantes, remained unsubdued, might be -deemed by the Romans a sufficient inducement for raising frequent and -effectual military works among the inhabitants of this state: for it was -not until Petillius Cerealis was appointed by the emperor Vespasian to -the command in the province of Britain, that this hitherto unbridled -nation were either conquered or involved in all the calamities of -warfare. Though there be no precise data by which the decision may be -guided, as to the time of the earlier military erections which were -formed at this place; yet it cannot be ascribed to a much later period -than the above occurrences so intimately connected. At all events, it -may not be considered posterior to the effects which resulted from the -wise policy of Agricola. Immediately on his arrival to assume the -command, he placed along the frontiers of the several subjugated -districts, a chain of fortresses: these were constructed with so much -care and judgment, that the inhabitants of those parts where the Roman -arms had not then penetrated, could never consider themselves secure from -the vigor of the conqueror. {4a} The people, soon after this, completed -their submission to the yoke by yielding to the allurements of Roman -manners. Their ferocity was tamed: from a savage people running wild in -woods, they became cultivated, acquiring knowledge, and dwelling in -towns; and finally sweetened their slavery, by indulging in the pleasures -of polished life. - -From the circumstances of this station being situated on the river Bane, -several antiquaries have concurred in fixing here the BANOVALLUM of the -Roman geographer Ravennas. This opinion has been the more readily -adopted from the etymology of the name; the latter part of the word being -Latin, and the whole collectively signifying a fortification on the Bane. -It is indeed probable that the Romans were induced at first to make a -station at this place, from its convenient situation, easily rendered -defensible by a _vallum_, or temporary barrier, drawn across the aperture -of the two rivers from one bank to the other, and thence came its -designation. Afterwards they built the indissoluble stone wall, whose -vestiges after the lapse of ages are manifest nearly the whole compass -round. {4b} It is to be regretted that Ravennas gives no distances: he -merely places BANOVALLUM next after LINDUM, so that nothing decidedly -certain can be gained from his work. - -But, though it cannot be positively ascertained that this spot was the -Roman BANOVALLUM; yet, as the name most evidently points out a -fortification on the river Bane, there appears little reason to question -it; both from its contiguity to the colony of LINDUM, with which place it -had communication by means of a military road; as also from its -situation; particularly as no other remains of the Romans have been -discovered on that river, nor yet any near to it, except some coins at -the village of Ludford, where the Bane has its source; and traces of an -encampment at Tattershall, more than a mile distant from its banks. {5a} - -In what circumstances this station was involved from the final -subjugation of the Britons by Agricola, under whose paternal government -the province felt some portion of enjoyment in cultivating the arts of -peace, is not known: but, from the evidence of antiquities, it is -perceptible that it continued a place of importance down to the period -when the Romans in the decline of their empire had withdrawn from -Britain; though probably, in the security of a long abstraction from war, -its military strength was somewhat disregarded. No sooner however had -the necessities and the mistaken policy of the enervated inhabitants, -again left to themselves, called to their assistance the warlike Saxons, -against the eruptions of the northern barbarians, than we find this place -agitated, in common with the rest of the country, by all the calamities -which were connected with the desperate contests which ensued: the -Britons having to struggle for liberty, against the eagerness for -dominion on the part of the victorious Saxons. These people, according -to the practice which prevailed amongst them of changing the names of -Roman stations, gave to this place the appellation of HYRNCASTRE or -HORNECASTRE, from its situation in an angle formed by the junction of the -two rivers, which denotes a fortification in a corner, of which the -present name HORNCASTLE is evidently a corruption. - -The Roman fortress was at that time either destroyed, or in a very -dilapidated state: for Horsa, the Saxon general and brother of Hengist is -stated to have enstrengthened the fortress of Horncastle. This -fortification however did not continue long; for Horsa being defeated in -an engagement with the Britons, under the command of Raengeires, at the -neighbouring village of Tetford, Vortimer king of the Britons caused it -to be beaten down and rendered defenceless. {5b} - - - -THE MANOR. - - -BY the record called Domesday, compiled towards the latter end of the -reign of William the Conqueror, it appears that the manor of Horncastle, -previous to the close of the Saxon Government, belonged to Editha the -queen of Edward the Confessor; but at the time of making that survey, it -formed, together with the soke, part of the possessions of the king. {6a} - -When the manor was separated from the crown does not appear; but in the -reign of Stephen it was the demesne of Alice or Adelias de Cundi, who -resided at her castle here, which leaves it to be concluded that she held -it by inheritance from her father. {6b} As she took part against the -king in his contention with the Empress Maud, he seized her lands, but -restored them again on condition that she should demolish her castle, the -means which had served to render her political alliance formidable to his -interest. {6c} What may have been the extent and nature of the structure -possessed as the mansion of Adelias is not now discoverable, no traces -being to be found; but its strength most probably consisted in a -restoration of the walls of the Roman fortress, which encircling some -convenient and less durable edifice, gave to the place of her residence -the security of a castle. - -The restitution by Stephen of these lands to Adelias de Cundi, seems to -have been only for life, as her heir did not succeed thereto; for this -manor came again to the crown, and was afterwards given by Henry the -second to Gerbald le Escald, a Fleming, who held it for one knight’s fee, -and who was succeeded by his grandson or nephew and heir Gerrard de -Rhodes. {6d} Gerrard was succeeded by his son and heir Ralph de Rhodes, -who, in the reign of Henry the third, sold the manor to Walter Mauclerke, -the third Bishop of Carlisle, who also held the office of Treasurer of -the Exchequer. This sale being made in the spirit of these times when -the feodal system prevailed, the bishop and his successors were to hold -the estate by the performance of suit and service to Ralph de Rhodes and -his heirs. In the fourteenth year of the same reign, the transfer to -Walter Mauclerke was confirmed by the king, who in the same year also -granted to him three several charters, conferring those immunities upon -the manor and soke, which served to raise the town of Horncastle from the -dependence of a village, to become in some degree the mart of the -surrounding country. - -The first of these charters gave to the bishop free warren over the manor -and the soke: the second the liberty of holding an annual fair at this -place, which was to commence two days before the eve of the feast of St. -Barnabas, and to continue eight days: the third had for its objects the -empowering of the bishop to try felons, and to hold a court leet; also -the exemption of the inhabitants of the manor and the soke from toll, and -several other payments and services, beside protecting them from arrest -by the officers of the king and the sheriff. {7a} An additional charter -was granted in the following year enabling the bishop to hold a weekly -market here every Wednesday; and also another annual fair to commence on -the eve of the feast of St. Lawrence, and to continue seven days. {7b} -The custom of holding a fair on the anniversary of this festival appears -to have prevailed at an earlier period, it being alluded to in the -charter granting the former fair. - -In the same reign, Gerrard, the son and heir of Ralph de Rhodes, appears -to have preferred his claim to this manor, which had been sold by his -father; perhaps in consequence of some omission in the performance of -those services by which the estate was to be held. {7c} His claim does -not appear to have been successful; for in the seventeenth year of the -same king, the bishop fined to hold the manor in fee, but not to alienate -without licence. {7d} - -Walter Mauclerke resigned the see of Carlisle in 1246, and as the manor -devolved to his ecclesiastical successors, it may be inferred that it had -been purchased to increase the revenues of the bishoprick, and not to be -appropriated as his private property. The privileges of such essential -interest to the estate, which had already been conferred by the preceding -charters, were in part strengthened by fresh acknowledgments to the -Bishops of Carlisle, in the reigns of the two succeeding kings; Edward -the first confirming the grant of free warren, and Edward the second that -which exempts the inhabitants of the manor and soke from certain payments -and services. {8a} - -At the period of Richard the second, Roger le Scrop and Margaret his -wife, with Robert Tibetot and Eve his wife, heirs and descendants of -Gerbald le Escald, appear to have advanced a claim to this manor, and to -have succeeded in obtaining letters patent, confirming to them homage and -service from the ecclesiastical possessor. {8b} At that time also when -the border contests had laid waste the see of Carlisle, and divested the -bishops of their seat of Rose Castle in Cumberland, they were -necessitated to take up their residence at Horncastle, which continued -for some time to be their principal place of abode. - -In the twenty-fifth year of Henry the sixth, that monarch confirmed the -several charters granted to the bishops as lords of this manor, by Henry -the third, and also conferred on them numerous other privileges. {8c} - -The manor continued in the possession of the Bishops of Carlisle, until -the reign of Edward the sixth, when under the authority of a licence from -the crown, it was sold by Bishop Aldrich to Edward Lord Clinton, who, -during the time he held it, compounded with the copyhold tenants, and -enfranchised their estates; but after Mary had ascended the throne, he -was compelled to re-convey his purchase to the see of Carlisle, to which, -since that time, it has continued to belong. {8d} Bishop Aldrich died at -this place in March, 1555, the second year of the reign of Queen Mary: -from which it appears, that the estate had either been restored previous -to his decease; or, in the conditions of the sale he had reserved to -himself the privilege of residing in the manor house. {8e} - -In the sixteenth year of the reign of Charles the second, the several -charters which had before been granted to the possessors of this manor -were again acknowledged, and the privileges further extended. {9a} - -Queen Elizabeth had a lease of this manor from the then possessing -bishop, in which she was succeeded by James the first, who assigned it to -Sir Edward Clinton, knight; but owing to a neglect of enrollment, it -proved void. {9b} For nearly a century the lease was held by the late -Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet, and his ancestors, and it is -now held in trust for the benefit of his devisees. - -The large tract of fen land, situated between this place and Boston, at a -very early period belonged to the lords of this manor, in conjunction -with the lords of the manors of Bolingbroke and Scrivelsby; but by the -grants which they gave to the neighbouring abbies at Revesby and -Kirkstead, their right therein became comparatively small. {9c} On the -enclosure of these fens, pursuant to Act of Parliament, in 1801, about -six hundred acres were annexed to the parish of Horncastle, eighty-one -acres of which were allotted to the lord of the manor; the remainder to -the owners of common-right houses. - -The parochial extent of Horncastle, exclusive of the fen allotment, is -about one thousand three hundred acres, two hundred and fifty of which -are contained in the manorial estates. - -The house where the bishops used to reside, a spacious structure, but -destitute of architectural merit, was situated at the north-west corner -of the ancient fortress. It was demolished about the year 1770, when the -present manor house was erected on its scite. - - - -HORNCASTLE DURING THE CIVIL WARS IN THE -REIGN OF CHARLES THE FIRST. - - -NOTWITHSTANDING that in this part was born that individual of the family -of Plantagenet, whose assumption of the throne plunged the country, for -half a century, into the civil wars which nearly exterminated the ancient -nobility; yet had the soil here been unstained by the blood so profusely -shed. Partaking, in common with all, the miseries of the land, it seemed -peculiarly exempted from beholding those contentions of the houses of -York and Lancaster, which sprung from the elevation of Henry of -Bolingbroke to the sovereignty of England. It was however otherwise when -the usurpation of unlimited power on the part of Charles the first had -urged a war between the people and the king. As peculiar circumstances -of policy and interest had brought the military operations into these -parts, it will be necessary in their detail to revert to the conduct of -the parties opposed in the opening of the war. - -No sooner had the commons demanded concessions from the royal -prerogative, as the only security against the repeated encroachments -which had been made on the privileges of the people, than they were -impelled, by the insincerity of the monarch, to protect the interest of -the subject by every possible means. The right of the sword was looked -upon as the exalted claim of the patriot alone; but as either party -considered themselves influenced by the sacred love of their country, -both made gradual advances to an appeal: the one to protect the liberties -of the people; the other, those general interests which seemed connected -with upholding the authority of the king. As the commons were sensible -that the monarch would seize the first favorable opportunity to reinstate -himself in the former excess of his power, the earliest precautions were -taken in regard to the military establishments of the country. Amongst -these was secured the important fortress of Hull, containing the arms of -all the forces which had been levied against the Scots: with these the -parliament also assumed to themselves the disposal of the militia, a -force indeed collected, but totally untried in the conduct of war. The -king, on erecting his standard, opposed to this, as a resource of -strength, his Commission of Array. The call of the monarch was obeyed by -each county, as the political inclinations of individuals led them, or in -submission to the influence and example of those men of fortune, with -whose interests that of their tenantry was intimately connected. {11a} - -The contest carried on in the south and in the west with vigor, already -appeared favorable to the royal cause. In the north, however, it -sustained a decided check, by the strong hold which the parliament -possessed in the garrison of Hull, then commanded by Lord Fairfax, who, -unable to maintain the field against the Marquis of Newcastle, had there -retired, determined to repel a siege with courage and ability; and to -diminish the strength of his enemy by sudden incursions. - -The disposable forces of the parliament, not immediately required for the -defence of Hull, were too inconsiderable to oppose the march into the -south. Notwithstanding this, the affairs of the king were ruined by -confining the efforts of a powerful army to investing this fortress; -while the active enemy, though few in number, acquired by their boldness -and intrepidity, an effective strength in the field. When Oliver -Cromwell, then beginning to signalize himself as the companion in arms of -the young and gallant Sir Thomas Fairfax, had by a signal victory at -Gainsborough, routed the royal troops; the Marquis of Newcastle, -beholding his brother Cavendish dead, amid the noblest and bravest of his -soldiers, seemed as if awakened by the calls of vengeance to the -necessity of more extensive exertions. He therefore suddenly decided on -harassing his opponents, while weak and inefficient, by dispatching a -competent force into the heart of Lincolnshire. Cromwell, though a -conqueror, was obliged to make a precipitate retreat; and as Lincoln was -not defensible, he hastened on the day succeeding his victory to Boston; -intending there, with the young Sir Thomas Fairfax, who was proceeding -with additional horse from Hull, to concentrate their forces with those -of the Earl of Manchester. {11b} - -The division of the royal army, destined for these parts, was entrusted -to the command of Sir John Henderson, an old and valiant soldier, and to -Sir William Widdrington, who was appointed governor of Lincoln. As these -leaders were anxious to requite themselves for the defeat which had so -recently crowned the conquerors with the applause of heroism, they -determined to draw the enemy to an engagement before their reinforcements -should arrive: ere this however could be effected, Manchester, upon -advice of their intention, after possessing himself of the strong -fortress of Lynn, had advanced with the disposable part of the army of -the associated counties. Such appeared to be the mutual disposition of -affairs in the north, at the beginning of October, 1643, in the first -year of the civil war. - -The army of the parliament, about six thousand foot, and thirty-seven -troop of horse, being concentrated at Boston, it was determined that -companies should be distributed into such parts as might secure their -early co-operation whensoever occasion should require. Bolingbroke, -defended by a castle held by the partizans of the king, called forth into -exertion their vigor and the alacrity of their courage. {12} This they -decided upon as the place of military operation; whilst as the -neighbourhood promised the most favorable circumstances for a field, they -would there invite the enemy on to battle. Accordingly ten companies -commanded by Major Knight, an officer under Sir Miles Hobart, were -disposed of at this place. A regiment commanded by Colonel Russel, was -quartered at Stickford, about two miles distant; and three companies of -the Earl of Manchester’s own at the village of Stickney. The cavalry -were all distributed into the country round, for about eight or ten miles -distance. - -In the evening after their arrival, the castle of Bolingbroke was -summoned. The answer in effect was, that “the commander need not expect -that the demands of arrogance alone should win the castle.” From this -determined reply promising a strenuous defence, dispositions were -immediately taken to acquire it by a regular siege. The church and a -neighbouring house were occupied by the assailants, earth works were -thrown up, and the assault commenced, but without much effect. - -During this time, the royalists, bold, eager, and trusting that a -generous heroism would nerve them for victory, waited only the -opportunity for attack. Upon learning the arrival of the Earl of -Manchester, they lost no time in drawing out all their military from the -several garrisons of Lincoln, Newark, and Gainsborough, still stimulated -by an undaunted resolution to find out the enemy, and advance to the -combat. Hastening on, they arrived, early on the day previous to the -battle, at the out-posts of the parliamentary forces. - -No sooner had a detachment from the king’s army, advancing on the western -road, been observed at Edlington, reconnoitring the lines of their enemy, -than word came to Sir Thomas Fairfax, the commandant of the cavalry at -Horncastle, that a surprize was expected. Information was accordingly -dispatched to the Earl of Manchester: it found him at East Kirkby hill, -with Colonel Cromwell, and the Lord Willoughby of Parham, intently -observing the progress which the besiegers made against the castle of -Bolingbroke, and assiduously ordering the dispositions of attack. Roused -at this communication, Cromwell immediately hurried to collect the troops -dispersed around. Fairfax was still every where distributing horsemen -for the purpose of enquiry, cautious to ascertain and forward such -accounts as might be obtained of the progress and number of the royal -forces; who though eager for battle, were careful to deliberate on the -promises of success. As the party who caused the alarm, suspecting -themselves seen, had drawn off with such intelligence as they gathered, -there seemed reason to suppose that the main body of the royalists were -yet at a considerable distance: Fairfax therefore about sun set, learning -nothing additional, proceeded to the quarters at East Kirkby, to confer -on the measures proposed for the expected conflict. In the mean time, -the Earl of Manchester, with Lord Willoughby and some other officers, had -with the like object hastened to Horncastle, previously appointing that -at that place the forces should be immediately collected; where, being -drawn together, the most effective resolutions might be taken for -ensuring a victory, or lessening the calamities of a defeat. - -It was not until the dusk of the evening that the royal army, under Sir -John Henderson, moved rapidly on to the station of their enemy. They had -judged that the dubious light would serve to conceal their true numbers; -and that as nothing was known of them with certainty, but their anxious -readiness for the encounter; so their opponents, whether few or many, -deeming them prepared for every casualty, might, by their indecision, -leave an easy conquest to their arms. - -The out-posts were surprized by the precipitate advance of these hostile -forces; and in the unprepared circumstances of those who maintained them, -and the disparity of their numbers, there was afforded them no means of -encountering their difficulties, but the hardihood of a cool intrepidity. -This indeed was a stern calmness which always pervaded the breast of a -Puritan who was a soldier. He did not untremblingly bare his bosom to -the steel because, like a Roman, he abstractedly considered fear -inconsistent with the nobler qualities of human nature; but because the -factitious enthusiasm of his religion had taught him to look with -indifference on temporal things. If the general good required the -sacrifice of his life, the particular calamities of his family were -dismissed with scarce a thought beyond a pious supplication. It was this -feeling which finally rendered the parliament victorious in the contest. -However in this unlooked-for state the soldiers at the out-posts were -exposed to much perplexity, and many were the dangers recited amongst -them on the morning of the gathering of their strength for the field of -battle. Some finding themselves surrounded, out-numbered, and in all the -perilous circumstances of desperate warfare, were obliged to supply by -politic conduct the helplessness of their condition. These therefore, -hastily mounting their horses, agreed with much resolution to break -through the opposing ranks, sword in hand, with the words of mutual -encouragement, “Come on! come on! all is our own,” thinking that the -royalists, by these ambiguous shouts, fearing an ambuscade, would leave -to them an easy passage by the sudden confusion of their alarm. In this -manner about four companies encountered two thousand cavalry, with the -loss of only three men. - -Though these warriors, taking the advantage of the darkness of the -evening, were enabled by their resolute conduct to overcome these -difficulties; yet as the royal army had already advanced onward to -Horncastle, in strong and numerous detachments, they were exposed in -their retreat thither to fresh and obstinate encounters. Perceiving, as -they approached the town, that they had come up to another party of the -royalist’s horse, they determined, after saluting them as friends, to -hurry onward as if destined for some urgent duty. They had, however, -scarce passed them, when flushed with the success of their stratagem, and -feeling the pride and bravado of soldiers, who deemed their individual -preservation as of little value to their common strength, if purchased -without the blood of their enemy, they turned to the attack of the unwary -royalists. “For whom are ye?” said they. “For the king.” “We are for -the king and parliament.” Scarcely had these declarations been -interchanged, when rushing precipitately on the unsuspecting royalists -and throwing them into disorder, the assailants fled towards the town, -deeming themselves secure in the quarters of their comrades, and -considering their valour rewarded in the acclamations that would greet -them from their friends. But Horncastle, surprized at the approach of -numerous hostile forces, had been evacuated by the detachment of horse -which possessed it; and the inhabitants as soon as the town was seized by -the troops of the king, having secured the entrances and roads through -it, by forming barriers with carts and timber; the cavalry found -themselves again obliged to exert their unyielding valor in turning upon -their pursuers. Desperately therefore they burst through them with the -full energy of their courage, sustaining the loss of some few men, among -whom was a cornet; but bringing away prisoners as the evidence of their -perils and their triumph. {15a} - -At this period of hurried confusion, and the setting in of the night, the -Earl of Manchester reached the town. He heard the rejoicings of the -troops, thus victorious in the dangers of their retreat; taunting the -royalists with their shouts, as they drew off undefeated from their -toils. Finding now that the place designed for the assembling of his -forces was already possessed by the enemy, he hastily recalled the orders -for the general rendezvous at Horncastle, and appointed Bolingbroke in -its stead. Thither at night repaired the dispersed soldiery of the -parliament, except three or four troops of horse, who, in the -difficulties of retreating before superior forces, had been obliged to -proceed by the circuit of Tattershall, and did not arrive until the next -morning. - -At Bolingbroke, Manchester designed to wait for the royalists; but -Cromwell, actuated by prudence, urged the delaying of the battle, since -the troops, upon whose prowess and exertion success depended, were -wearied, and little able to sustain the ardour of the fight. {15b} The -royal army were however too eager to secure the promises of a victory, to -permit their adversaries to renew their strength by avoiding the contest. -As soon as the morning had dawned and the silence of the surrounding -country assured them that their enemies were withdrawn from near them, -and were assembling together at Bolingbroke, they arrayed themselves for -the encounter. Before the middle of the day they marched out, in -strength about seventy-five troops of horse, and five thousand foot, to -meet the soldiers of the parliament. Foreboding with certainty that this -would be their determination, Manchester was constrained to the -resolution of giving them battle, and immediately advanced towards them. - -The spot upon which the contending armies engaged was a gently rising and -broadly extended eminence, at a village called Winceby, midway between -Horncastle and Bolingbroke. It commands an extensive prospect of the far -stretched fen-lands of the county; whilst to the westward is seen those -cliffs, on the summit of one of which magnificently rises the cathedral -of Lincoln. This the royal army had contemplated as a district, which by -victory was either to be restored to the authority of the king; or by -defeat to afford an effectual check to the military operations in the -north, and to be ensured as a further resource to the parliament. The -noon was already passed when the armies came in sight of each other. The -royalists trusting with confidence to their mutual ardor, rejoiced when -they beheld the adverse soldiers advancing to meet them, though amid the -wild chant of hymns for mercy and for victory. In the fields immediately -before them they fixed the order of their battle: formed into closely -compacted lines, the cavalry was placed in the advance, and covered the -infantry. The left wing of this array, was commanded by the general Sir -John Henderson. {16a} - -The Earl of Manchester, pressed for ground in the marshalling of his -forces, presented alone his cavalry to the fight; the infantry, headed by -himself, being stationed so far in the rear that they were unable to -second the exertions of their horsemen. {16b} The disadvantages arising -from fatigue, with the closeness of ground, and inequality of numbers, -were apparent to the warriors of the parliament. In the doubtful -promises of the contest, their leaders sought to replenish their -strength, and supply their situation by words and by actions, infusing -into them an energy and martial ardour rivalling their own. Fairfax, who -knew by experience that the undaunted intrepidity of a few was more -efficient in its achievements than the impetuosity of those who relied -for security on their numbers, pointed to his men the imposing array of -his adversaries, exclaiming “Come let us fall on; I never prospered -better than when I fought with my enemies three or four to one.” -Cromwell, by the apparent bravery with which he was animated, promised -them that examples of heroism should not be wanted, whilst life was given -him to lead them. {17a} - -On the other hand, the commander of the royal forces did not lose the -opportunity which was afforded him of reminding his fellow soldiers that -vengeance was yet due for the defeat at Gainsborough; and that now was -supplied them a time to requite themselves for the blood of the -illustrious brother of Newcastle. He set before them the necessity of -strenuous exertions and important sacrifices, by pointing to the example -of one, who exalted amidst the mighty of the land, lately fighting among -them, did not hesitate to devote himself to death for the cause of his -sovereign. At the moment therefore when the armies were ready to engage, -the royalists raised the cry of “Cavendish! on for Cavendish!” which was -as loudly answered by the enthusiastic shout of “Religion!” the zeal -which animated those who proclaimed it, by inspiring them with hopes of -immortality, rendered death less to be dreaded than the misfortunes of a -defeat. {17b} - -Scarce had the words of onset been given, when the divisions of cavalry, -under the command of Cromwell and Fairfax, were led to the charge by -Vermeydun, a soldier of valour, who headed the first detachment as a -forlorn hope, aspiring to the honor of directing his comrades on to -victory. Already the horsemen of the royalists, with a well directed -precision, had vigorously poured into their ranks the second discharge of -their fire arms. These did some execution among them; and Cromwell thus -early had his horse shot under him. A minute had elapsed before the -parties fiercely met in the close encounter, arm to arm. Cromwell for a -time was compelled to grapple on foot with his enemies, entangled amid -the trappings of his dying charger. Though felled to the ground as he -attempted to extricate himself from this perilous situation, he rose -uninjured. This singular man, bold and intrepid, animated by zeal, -foremost in the fight, struggling with disasters, seemed peculiarly -preserved in all his dangers to fill that situation in the page of -history, where, though elevated by violence, he powerfully commands our -admiration by his success, his prudence, and the daring of his genius. -Sir Ingram Hopton, who at this moment had attempted to seize him, was -killed. {18} Cromwell, now recovering a horse from a soldier near him, -bravely led on his companions to the combat, strengthening their stern -courage by the most signal proofs of his personal bravery. - -Not with less valor was the conflict sustained on the part of the -royalists. Sir John Henderson, the hardy veteran of former battles, firm -as a rock amid the rushing of the waves, resisted every impetuous -assault. His adversaries were driven back in disorder; but these men, -not readily to be repulsed, returned, with a cool bravery and redoubled -vigor to the attack. For half an hour, firm and undecided, continued the -contest, sword against sword, and fortitude repelling courage. The -resolute warriors, who sustained the furious charges of Fairfax and -Cromwell, for the whole were not engaged, relinquished not a portion of -their ground. At last, a division commanded by Sir William Saville -wavering, though reluctant to give way, became routed and completely -disordered. Yielding, they struck confusion into the other bodies of -their own horse; and these again were hurled with precipitance upon the -mass of their infantry. All being alike borne down in this part of the -field, none were left to second the broken and disordered, in again -advancing to the combat. The division of Sir John Henderson and Lord -Ething alone maintained itself unyielding and unsubdued. The exulting -army of the parliament, now taking advantage of the discomfiture of the -other troops, and the tumult of the infantry, assailed with a desperate -charge the yet unrepulsed. In vain did the royalist commander exhort his -men to be resolute and undismayed; but no prudence could uphold the -advantages which valor must lose. Their fortitude was giving way to -despair; and the successful, elated with the promises of victory, found -no equal disputants in men dismayed by the certainty of a defeat. -Perplexed amid the various and ineffectual efforts of the other bodies of -the royal troops, the disheartened defenders of the field yielded beneath -the shock of the adverse weapons. The victorious soldiers now fiercely -plunging in amidst the routed dragoons, many of whom at this time were on -foot and in the most appalling confusion, saw them quickly disappearing -beneath the havoc of their swords and the fury of their horses. The -infantry were for the most part destroyed; for being intercepted by a -body of cavalry, scarce a man survived the carnage. {19a} There was now -no safety but in a dishonorable flight. The pursuit continued beyond -Horncastle with unremitting fury; and along the road were strewed the -horse and the rider, the dead and the dying. {19b} - -The soldiers under the command of Manchester, who as yet had partaken in -no respect in the glory of the blood-shed, reserved their efforts for -securing the prisoners, and assisting the scarce breathing wounded of the -royal army, who were scattered about the field in groups. Such partizans -as had recently been embodied by the commission of array, were pitiably -supplicating the mercy of their conquerors. Cursing with deep execration -that little regard which had hurried them to the fight, without a feeling -of interest in its issue, they cried out that the commission of array had -brought them thither against their wills, and blessing the cause of -liberty and religion, added “We die as true servants of the parliament as -any in England, and woe be to those who were the cause that Lincoln and -York became the prey of such a war.” {19c} - -Though the battle was fought with determined obstinacy; yet, whilst the -parties maintained their ground, the loss was comparatively small: the -havoc that ensued was among the routed and the flying. There were killed -but few on the side of the parliament. Those of rank who were slain of -the royal forces, were Sir George Bolles, and Sir Ingram Hopton. The -prisoners, about one thousand in number, were the wounded on the field, -and those parties of the dispersed fugitives, who to avoid the -overwhelming carnage of their pursuers, had secreted themselves amongst -the rugged and winding banks of a neighbouring river: many indeed were -taken whilst seeking refuge in the very waters, where some had already -perished, bleeding and wearied in their armour, overcome in their -inability to recover themselves from the deeper parts of the stream. The -trophies which the conquerors obtained in the fight of Winceby field, -were arms for fifteen hundred men, and thirty-five standards. {20a} - -Returning from the pursuit, the exhausted cavalry rested for the night in -the villages around Horncastle. The infantry occupied quarters in the -town, where they found two hundred horses left by their fugitive enemy. -Of the wounded, the Earl of Manchester ordered especial care to be taken, -whilst the dead were hastily consigned to the nearest graves. The body -of Sir Ingram Hopton was brought to Horncastle and buried in the church: -for Cromwell, who did not permit his political resentment to render him -callous or insensible to the generous feelings of a soldier, experienced -some sympathy for the individual whose ardor in attempting his -destruction, for what was deemed the welfare of his country, had cost the -sacrifice of his own life: he therefore, upon his arrival in the town, -commanded the inhabitants to fetch the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, and -inter it with the honors due to his rank; observing, that though an -enemy, he was a gentleman and a soldier. {20b} - -Of those royalists who escaped the slaughter, there were scarce a -thousand efficient for the field; and these were destined to sustain -another overthrow at the battle of Lincoln close, which completed the -warfare in this county. Bolingbroke castle had already yielded; and this -with Tattershall, the principal places of defence in this neighbourhood, -were soon after devoted to the dismantling policy of the parliament, -which doomed them with the noble edifices of the country, to that -destruction which left them but ruins in silent and lingering decay. - -Although this victory afforded a cause for so much rejoicing to the -friends of the parliament; yet were its consequences mightier for the -interests which it strengthened, by the defeat, on the same day, {20c} of -the Marquis of Newcastle before the fortress of Hull. The Lord Fairfax -and Sir John Meldrum, making a desperate sortie, had completely -overthrown the royalists with much slaughter; forcing them, though -protected behind strong entrenchments, to abandon the siege with the loss -of all their cannon. The impolicy of the royalist commander was now -perceptible too late. This ruin of the affairs of the king seemed at -once to have obliterated all the generous services which the faithful -Newcastle had made in the cause of his sovereign; and shortly after these -disasters, he retired to the continent, {21} where he spent a life of -indigence, until the restoration gave again the royal authority to -Britain. These actions, though inconsiderable in themselves, were yet -great in their effects. The expectations of the royalists in Yorkshire -were now nearly blasted: Lincolnshire, after the occupation of its city, -escaped the further deluge of blood; and the defeats served to assist in -hastening the fight of Marston Moor, where the hopes of Charles were -reduced to that one gleam, which was finally extinguished at the battle -of Naseby. - - - -ANTIQUITIES. - - - [Picture: Roman Urns found at Horncastle] - -AMONGST the remains of antiquity at this place, the vestiges of the Roman -fortress are the most worthy of attention; and although they are too -small to give an adequate idea of the original structure, are yet -sufficient to show the form and extent of the space enclosed, which -appears to have been nearly a parallelogram, of about six hundred feet in -length, and in breadth three hundred and fifty on the east, and three -hundred on the west. {22} The wall by which this area was surrounded was -fifteen or sixteen feet in thickness, and composed of small blocks of a -loosely aggregated sand stone, dug from the neighbouring hills. It was -formed with casing stones on the outside, the internal parts being filled -up with courses laid diagonally, which according to the customary and -substantial mode of building among the Romans, were run together by -mortar disseminated through the interstices in a fluid state, forming a -cement which has acquired by time an imperishable induration. Of the -casing stones none are now to be seen, except in cellars which have been -formed by the side of the wall. Where the fragments are sufficiently -high, those portions of the Roman masonry, which remained after the -destruction of the fortress, may be perceived rising to about six or -seven feet above the ground, the diagonal courses of stone then ceasing. -Above this the construction is marked by masses of larger dimensions than -the lower parts; a circumstance evincing that another structure of a -different period has been erected on the original foundation: this was -probably a reparation which was made in the time of the Anglo-Saxons. At -the north-east corner of the enclosure the remains of a circular turret -are still visible; but of the towers or gateways no traces are left. - -Near the junction of the two rivers, on the south-west of the town, was -formerly one of those mazes common to Roman stations, called the Julian -Bower. In these the youth were exercised in a martial game, called Troy -Town, which in after years, though divested of its martial character, -continued to be amongst the healthy pastimes of the young, in their -evening assemblies of pleasure and sport. {23} Cultivation has long -since effaced every vestige of the maze; but the piece of land on which -it stood still retains the name of the _Julian Bower Close_. - -A peculiar rustic ceremony, which used annually to be observed at this -place, doubtless derived its origin from the Floral games of antiquity. -On the morning of May-day, when the young of the neighbourhood assembled -to partake in the amusements which ushered in the festivals of the month -of flowers, a train of youths collected themselves at a place to this day -called the May Bank. From thence, with wands enwreathed with cowslips, -they walked in procession to the may-pole, situated at the west end of -the town, and adorned on that morning with every variety in the gifts of -Flora. Here, uniting in the wild joy of young enthusiasm, they struck -together their wands, and scattering around the cowslips, testified their -thankfulness for that bounty, which widely diffusing its riches, enabled -them to return home rejoicing at the promises of the opening year. That -innovation in the manners and customs of the country, which has swept -away the ancient pastimes of rustic simplicity, obliterated about the -year 1780 this peculiar vestige of the Roman Floralia. - -In the fields on the south side of the town, the ground abounds with -fragments of cinerary urns, and several perfect ones have also there been -discovered. From these circumstances, together with the appearance of -the soil, it seems certain that in this part the Romans used to burn -their dead on the funeral pile. Of the urns found, only two are known to -exist in the neighbourhood; one being in the collection of the late Right -Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, at Revesby Abbey, the other in the possession -of Mr. Crowder, an inhabitant of the town. - -It is much to be regretted for the advancement of researches into local -antiquities that the chief part of the urns, coins, fibulæ, and other -Roman vestiges discovered at Horncastle, have been sold to strangers who -have visited the town, or to dealers elsewhere. The coins which have -been found here are numerous, and though chiefly of small brass and -denarii ærei of the lower empire, yet they include many extremely fine -and varied specimens of the earlier imperial coins, both of a larger size -and of other metals, several of which are in the possession of different -individuals of the town. Amongst these may be particularized the silver -coins of Vespasian, L. Septimius Severus, Alexander Severus, and -Volusianus; the large brass of Trajan; and the middle brass of Caligula, -Claudius, Nero, Trajan, Hadrian, Domitian, Antoninus Pius, Faustina the -elder, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, and Faustina the younger. The small -brass and denarii ærei form nearly a complete series of the emperors from -Gallienus to Valentinianus the second, and include also within that -period, coins of some of the tyrants of Britain and Gaul. Beside these -are some others in the collection of the late Reverend Charles L’Oste, -now possessed by his son, but unfortunately no memoranda exist by which -they are to be distinguished from those obtained at other places. This -gentleman also had in his collection several fibulæ and stiles which had -been discovered here. - -A British coin found at this place has on its concave side the horse and -symbolic circles; on the convex is the representation of an animal -apparently intended for a stag, with similar ornaments around it, to -those the other side possesses. Many of the early English silver -currency have been found here, and also a specimen of the Scottish -coinage of David the second. - -In deepening the bed of the river Bane, to complete the navigation, in -1802, an ornamental brass spur, part of a brass crucifix, and a dagger, -were found together at a short distance from the north bason of the -navigation. The spur is now lost; the part of the crucifix and the -dagger are in the possession of the author. - - [Picture: Ancient British Coin] - - - -THE CHURCH. - - -FROM the silence of the Domesday Book respecting a church at this place, -it may be concluded that there was not one erected when that survey was -made; there however appears to have been one in the reign of Richard the -first. {26a} - - [Picture: North-East View of Horncastle Church] - -The present structure, which is dedicated to Saint Mary, stands in the -centre of the town, and possesses but few attractions for the antiquary -or the architect. It consists of a square tower, a nave and chancel, -with north and south aisles. Being for the most part built with the soft -and imperfectly aggregated sand-stone of the neighbourhood, which yields -easily to the moisture of the atmosphere, it has suffered much from the -effects of time; and the decayed parts being repaired with brick, gives -to the building a motley and unprepossessing appearance. - -The few portions of the original architecture which have escaped the -silent ravages of years and the hands of the innovator, bespeak the -building of no higher antiquity than the period of Henry the seventh. -The aisle on the north side of the chancel is ornamented with -embattlements, on which quatrefoils and blank shields are sculptured. It -was probably used as a chantry, one of the windows having formerly -contained an inscription justifying such a supposition. {26b} This aisle -does not extend the whole length of the chancel, and in the space so -left, the remains of an oratory and confessional are still visible; this -space formerly appropriated as a depository for coals to distribute among -the poor, is now occupied by a building to contain the fire engines; a -corresponding part of the south aisle being used as a vestry. The aisle -on the south side of the chancel was rebuilt in 1820; but the original -windows were restored and again inserted. Part of the aisle on the south -of the nave was rebuilt in the following year. - -The interior of the church is remarkably neat and well pewed. A gallery -at the west end of the nave contains an organ which was purchased by -subscription in 1810. Galleries are also erected in each aisle of the -nave. - -In the wall of the north aisle is a stone, containing the figure in brass -of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in armour, kneeling on a cushion, and holding in -his hand a label, on which is written, in black letter, - - “Sc’ta trinitas unus deus miserere nob.” - -On each side of him are two shields containing arms, at one of the lower -corners are the figures of his two sons, and at the other those of his -three daughters, and under him this inscription in black letter: - - “In honore sc’te et individue trinitatis Orate p’ a’ia Leonis Dymoke - milit’ q’ obijt xvij die me’se augusti aº D’ni mº ccccc xix cuj’ a’ie - p’piciet’ de’ Amen.” - -The shields contain these arms:—1. DYMOKE, sable, two lions passant -argent in pale, ducally crowned or; empaling WATERTON, Barry of six -ermine and gules, three crescents sable; a crescent for difference. 2. -DYMOKE; empaling MARMYON, Vairè, on a fesse gules frettè or; in chief, -HEBDEN, Ermine, five fusils in fess; a crescent for difference. 3. -Argent, a sword erect azure, hilt and pomel gules. {27a} 4. DYMOKE; -empaling HAYDON, Quarterly gules and argent, a cross engrailed -counterchanged; a crescent for difference. - -On the floor beneath this monument is a brass, on which is the following -inscription in black letter, nearly obliterated: - - “Leonis fossa nunc haec Dymoke capit ossa - Miles erat Regis cui parce Deus prece matris - Es testis Christe quod non jacet hic lapis iste - Corpus ut ornetur sed spiritus ut memoretur - Hinc tu qui transis senex medius puer an sis - Pro me funde preces quia sic mihi fit venie spes.” {27b} - - [Picture: Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke] - -On the floor of the vestry is a stone, with this inscription, in black -letter, around the verge: - - “Here lyeth the Boyddes of Thomas Raithbeck & Ame his wyf ye founders - of the Beidhous Departed thys world in ye fayth of Christ ye last day - of October in ye yere or lord mdlxxv.” - -On the wall over the door of the vestry is a shield containing three -storks proper, on an azure field; the crest a stork; and under the arms -this inscription: - - “Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. Mr. THO: GIBSON, A.M. Forty four - years Vicar of this Parish. He liv’d in such times when Truth to the - Church, and Loyalty to the King, met with Punishment due only to the - Worst of Crimes. He was by the Rebellious Powers carried away - Prisoner, four times, from his congregation, once exchanged into the - Garrison of Newark, for a Dissenting Teacher: afterwards Sequester’d, - and his family driven out by the then Earl of Manchester. He - survived the Restoration, and was brought back at the head of several - hundreds of his Friends, and made a Prebendary in the Cathedral - Church of Lincoln. As his Enemies never forgave his Zeal to the - Church and Crown: so nothing but the height of Christian Charity - could forgive the insults he met with from them. He Died April the - 22d, 1678.” - -Against the wall on the south side of the chancel is a lozenge shaped -piece of canvas, on which are painted these arms: Argent, two bars sable, -each charged with three mullets of six points or, pierced gules; and -under them the following inscription: - - “Here lieth the worthy and memorable Kt. Sir INGRAM HOPTON, who paid - his debt to nature and duty to his King and Country in the attempt of - seizing the Arch-rebel in the bloody skirmish near Winceby, October - the 6th, A.D. 1643. {29} - - “—nec tumultum - Nec mori per vim metuit, tenente - Cæsare terras. - - “Paulum sepultæ distat inertiæ - Celata virtus.” - -On a stone in the floor of the chancel is this inscription, in capital -letters: - - “M. S. - THOMÆ LODINGTON, LL. D. - Qui Vicarii jure usus - Sacra apud Paganos de Horncastle - De More Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ - Annos perpetuos XLV peregit - Annorumque LXXIII Curriculo - Confecto Morti cessit - Mar. XXI A.D. MDCCXXIII. - Posuit Pientissima Conjux - Prudentia Lodington.” - -Beside the sepulchral memorials already detailed, are a number of others -on the floor, and a few of recent date, on marble tablets, against the -walls. - -At the end of the north aisle of the chancel, is the following table: - - The BENEFACTORS to the CHURCH and POOR of this Town, the Clauses of - whose Wills may be seen at large in a Book in the Town Chest. Note - these Tables were erected 1724. - - WILLIAM EVERITT and JOSEPH BROWN Churchwardens. - - Anno 1611, October. Mr. Robert Clark of Woodhall gave to the Poor of - this town . . . Shillings a year, to be paid to vicar on St - Thomas’s, and by him to be distributed every Christmas-day for ever, - out of his lands in Thimbleby, now belonging to John Hutchinson, - Gent. - - Mrs Ann Smith gave to the poor of Horncastle twenty shillings a year - out of her lands there, now in the possession of Mr. Thomas Coats: it - is given in brown bread every Good Friday. - - George Acham of Asterby, Gent. gave also one hundred and forty - pounds, to purchase lands, the rents thereof to be disposed off - yearly to the poor of Horncastle, at the discretion of the governors - of the free-school (for the time being,) which lands are in the - parish of Burgh in the Marsh. - - Anno 1629 May the 2d. Mr. William Hurtscroft gave one house the - yearly rent of fifty-two shillings; to be given weekly (viz.) twelve - pence in bread every Lord’s day to poor fatherless and motherless - children in Horncastle, by the Overseers for the poor; the said house - now in the possession of widow Scamon. - - The same year. Andrew Kent, gent. gave six pounds thirteen shillings - and fourpence, to be a stock for the poor of Horncastle, which is - applied accordingly in coals for their use. - - Anno 1661, June the 6th. Thomas Bromley of Conesby gent, left to the - poor of this town forty shillings per annum (viz.) twenty shillings - every good Friday, and twenty every St. Thomas’s day, to be paid out - of his lands in Haltham super Bane; now the said lands belong to - Thomas Hammerton gent. - - Rutland Snowden, gent. gave to the poor of Horncastle one house of - the yearly rent of twenty-six shillings; but being decayed is now - reduced to thirteen, paid in bread sixpence every other Sunday: the - said house belongs now to Mr. William Dawson. - - Anno 1673, December the 5th. Thomas James, gent. gave to the poor of - Horncastle twenty shillings yearly in white bread on every Christmas - day for ever payable out of his lands there, which lands are now the - estate of Thomas Howgrave, Esquire. - - Anno 1702, December the 20th. Captain John Francis gave two chaldern - of coals yearly to be given to the poor, appointed by the governors - of the school, out of lands in this town now the Rev. Mr. John - Francis’s of Sibsey. - - Anno 1703, December the 14th. Mrs Douglass Tyrwhitt of Gaiton on the - would gave ten shillings yearly to the poor of Horncastle on St. - Thomas’s day, out of her lands in Belshford, now the lands of Joseph - Sutton of the same. - - Anno 1696, May the 26th. Nicholas Shipley, gent. gave to this church - one brass candlestick of twenty-four sockets, and Fox’s three books - of martyrs. He gave also to the poor five pounds, which was - immediately given amongst them, and thirty shillings yearly for ever, - (viz.) twenty on St. Thomas’s day, and ten every good Friday, in - brown bread, to be paid out of his lands adjoining to this church - yard, now purchased by Mr. Thomas Hammerton. He gave also to the - governors of the school one hundred pounds the interest thereof to - put out poor boys apprentices to trades; but their then treasurer - dying insolvent, that money was lost. We mention this here because - this misfortune doth not lessen the charity of that well disposed - gentleman. - - Anno 1719. Mrs. Mary Hussey, widdow, gave one silver plate to the - communion table for ever. - - Anno 1721. Mrs. Dorothy Parker of Boston, gave to this church one - brass candlestick of sixteen sockits, and to the poor widdows and - widdowers of this town she gave sixty pounds, the interest or rents - thereof to be given amongst them on St. John’s day, in Christmas, and - St. James’s in July, yearly for ever. - - Anno 1724. Mrs Mary Waters, widdow, gave to the overseers of the - poor, five pounds, to be by them put out at interest, and the said - interest to be given to the poor yearly on Christmas day for ever. - -Against the wall over the north entrance are several scythes and hay -knives, some of which are yet remaining in the shafts to which they have -been affixed, in order to render them instruments of warfare. The -occasion for which they were so prepared is unknown, the traditionary -accounts of them being both vague and contradictory. - -In the steeple are six bells, bearing the following inscriptions in -capital letters: - - 1. Lectum fuge discute somnum. G. S. I. W. H. Penn Fusor 1717. - - 2. In templo venerare Deum. Hen. Penn nos fudit Cornucastri. - - 3. Supplicem Deusi audit. Daniel Hedderly cast me 1727. - - 4. Tho. Osborn fecit Downham Norfolk 1801. Tho. Bryan and D. Brown - Churchwardens. - - 5. Dum spiras spera. H. Penn Fusor 1717. Tho. et Sam. Hamerton - Æditivi. - - 6. Exeate busto auspice Christo. Tho Lodington LL.D. Vic. H. P. 1717. - -The fourth bell previous to being recast bore this inscription: - - Fac et spe. Henri Penn Fusor Peterburgensis. - -The benefice is a vicarage, in the presentation of the Bishop of -Carlisle, valued in the King’s books at £14. 4_s._ 2_d._ - -The registers commence in the year 1559. In them are contained the -following singular entries: - - “On the vth daie of October one thousand six hundrete & three, in the - first yere of our Souvraine Lord King James was holden in Horncastle - Church a solemnn fast from eight in the morning until foure a clock - in the afternoone by five preachers vidz. Mr Hollinhedge vicar of - Horncastle, Mr Turner of Edlington, Mr Downes of Lusbye, Mr Phillipe - of Salmonbye, Mr Tanzey of Hagworthingha’, occasioned by a general - and most feareful plague yt yeare in sundrie places of this Land, but - especially upon the Cytie of London. - - Pr. me Clementem Whitelock.” - - “Thomas Gibson Clerk Master of the Free Schoole of Newcastle uppon - Tine one of the Chapleines of the Right Reverend Father in God - Barnabas by Divine P’vidence Lo. Bpp. of Carliol, presented by the - said Lo. Bpp. was inducted into the Vicarage of Horncastle, April the - xiiij 1643.” - - “The said Mr. Thomas Gibson being outed of Horncastle by Cromwell - Commissiner removed to Nether Toynton, lived ther one yeare. After - returne again taught some gentlemen sonnes in his owne house, was - afterwards called to ye schoole at Newark where he continued one - yeare, then was importuned to Sleeford whether he went the week after - Easter 1650, continued there until May ye first 1661 then the King - being restored he returned to his vicaridge and was by Doctor Robet - Sandeson Bishop of Linkcoln made Preban of Sant Marie Crake Poule in - the Church of Linkcoln,” - - “Septr. 28, 1662. - - “Memorandum the Day and yeere above written that the Booke of Common - Prayer lately set forth by the Authority of the King’s Majestie and - his court was read in the Parish Church of Horncastle by me Thomas - Gibson Vicar there, and freely and willingly assented unto according - to an act of Parliament in that case made and provided. In witness - whereof the said Mr. Gibson with other of the inhabitants whose names - are hereunto subscribed have sette their hands. - - THO: GIBSON, Vicar. - JOHN HARDING, Parrish Clerk” - - [Picture: Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle] - - - -THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. - - -THE Grammar School is situated at the south-east corner of the church -yard, and is a spacious and well-constructed edifice of brick. It was -founded and endowed by Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, the Lord High -Admiral of England, under the authority of letters patent, dated the 25th -of June, 1652. By these letters it was ordained, that this institution -should be denominated “The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in the -Town or Soke of Horncastle, of the foundation of Edward Lord Clinton and -Saye,” for the education, training, and instruction of boys and youths in -grammar, and to be appropriated to this object for ever. - -The school was to be conducted by a master, and a sub-master, or usher: -ten governors were also appointed and incorporated, with perpetual -succession, and a common seal. These governors were empowered on the -death of any of their body, to elect others in their places; also to -nominate the master and usher on any vacancy; and to make such statutes -concerning the preservation and disposal of the revenues, as -circumstances at any time might dictate. Besides holding the endowments, -they were authorized to purchase and receive lands and other possessions, -not exceeding £40. per annum. - -The estates by which the establishment is maintained, consist of houses -and land situated at Horncastle, Hemingby, Sutton, Huttoft, and -Winthorpe. The lands in the last three named parishes being subject to -inundations from the sea, the annual revenue is rendered precarious; but -in the more favorable years it amounts to about £200. - -The salaries for a long time were £40. per annum to the master, and £30. -to the sub-master or usher: but on the appointment of the present master, -in 1818, the salary was advanced to £80. per annum, to which was also -added a house for his residence; the salary of the sub-master remaining -as heretofore, at £30. The sum of £2. 2_s._ per annum is charged for -those scholars who are instructed in writing and arithmetic. There are -at this period about twenty boys on the foundation. - -The governors of this School have also the management of another school -in the town, for the instruction of poor children in reading, sewing, and -knitting. A house, with a salary to the teacher of £17. per annum, -charged upon certain estates in Horncastle, having been bequeathed to -them in trust, for that purpose, by Mr. Richard Watson, a native of this -place, who died in 1784. - - [Picture: Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company] - - - -THE RIVER BANE AND NAVIGABLE CANAL. - - -THE river Bane, rising at the village of Ludford, takes its course in a -direction nearly south to join its waters with those of the Witham. -After meandering through an extent of country about fourteen miles, it -receives at Horncastle, the tributary stream of the Waring, and -abundantly supplies the town, conveniently situated at the confluence of -the two rivers. From hence continuing a gently winding course, it washes -Tattershall and its moorlands, before it falls into the larger river to -increase its waters to the sea. - -In the year 1792, an act of parliament was obtained for making the Bane -navigable from the river Witham, through Tattershall to Horncastle. {35} -The act, after reciting the names of the original subscribers, -incorporates them by the name of “The Company of Proprietors of the -Horncastle Navigation in the County of Lincoln,” giving them perpetual -succession and a common seal, and empowering them to raise £15,000. in -three hundred shares of £50. each. The interest of these was not to -exceed £8. per cent. No person was to be the possessor of less than one -share, nor to hold more than twenty. As circumstances might require, -they were authorized to raise £1,000. more, by shares or mortgages of the -tolls. - -The tollage allowed by this act was, for goods passing the whole length -of the navigation, 2_s._ per ton; from the Witham to the seventh lock, -1_s._ 9_d._ per ton; and from the Witham to the fourth lock, 1_s._ 3_d._ -per ton; excepting lime, lime-stone, manure, or materials for roads, for -which, only half the already mentioned tolls were to be taken. - -The works were commenced in the year 1793; but, when about two thirds -were completed, the whole of the funds to be appropriated to their -execution were already expended. After suffering the canal to remain -several years in this unfinished state, the company applied again to -Parliament, and in the year 1800 another act was obtained, enabling them -to raise £20,000. more by subscription amongst themselves, by admission -of new subscribers in shares of £50. each, by mortgage, or by granting -annuities. The limitation of shares and interest were repealed by this -act; and the tonnage rates advanced to 3_s._ 3_d._ per ton for the whole -length of the navigation, 2_s._ 7_d._ to the seventh lock, and 1_s._ -8_d._ to the fourth; lime, lime-stone, manure, and materials for roads -excepted as before from the payment of full rates. - -Shortly after the works were recommenced, the plan of completing them by -an entirely new canal was adopted in preference to that which they had -before pursued of rendering the Bane navigable. It was therefore at the -village of Dalderby diverted from the course of the natural stream, and -carried on in a less varied track to the point of junction between the -waters of the Bane and Waring: from hence it was continued in the -divergent courses of these two rivers, to the more extreme parts of the -town of Horncastle. It was completed in September, 1802, and on Friday -the seventeenth of that month the vessels entered the town. The canal is -sufficiently deep to navigate vessels of fifty tons burthen. - -From this town to the river Witham the distance is about eleven miles, in -which the stream has a fall of eighty-four feet. - - - -THE PRESENT STATE OF THE TOWN, FAIRS, MARKETS, &c. - - -ALTHOUGH this place was favored at an early period with a charter for a -market, which in the time of Henry the eighth appears to have been well -frequented, yet it remained for many years little more than a -considerable village. {37} From the earliest accounts it seems to have -been gradually encreasing; but it was not until later years, when a new -impulse was given to the agricultural interests of the country, that it -began to exhibit material evidences of extention and improvement. - -From a plan of the town drawn by Dr. Stukeley, in the year 1722, it -appears at that period of time, now the lapse of a century, to have been -little more than half its present extent. This plan, not having been -made from actual survey, cannot be considered as an accurate -representation: nevertheless it is calculated to give a tolerable idea of -the state of the town at the time it was executed. It is traditionally -asserted that at that period scarcely a brick house was to be found in -the parish; the early erected dwellings being all constructed with clay -walls and covered with thatch; thus evidencing that common character -which Leland the antiquary assigns to the towns of this part. The clay -buildings have for the most part disappeared, and brick structures are -now erected in their stead; and from the spirit of improvement which has -lately been evinced, they will doubtless in a few years be entirely -removed. The rebuilding of many houses in the principal streets in a -handsome manner, within the last twenty years, has given to the town an -air of respectability; but the effect which would be produced by these -buildings in its general appearance, is materially diminished by the -narrowness and irregularity of the streets. At this time the number of -houses may be computed at about seven hundred, and of inhabitants, about -three thousand five hundred. - -The entrances to the town, as well as its general aspect, have also been -improved by the inclosure of the fields by which it is surrounded. To -accomplish this an act of parliament was obtained in 1803, and carried -into effect the following year. - -In no respect has the town changed more than in its trade; a large -proportion of its inhabitants having formerly been employed in the -tanning of leather, in which manufacture the yards on the south side of -the Far-street were almost exclusively occupied. About fifty years ago -the number of these establishments began rapidly to decline, and are at -this time reduced to two. Since the completion of the canal in 1801, a -considerable trade in corn and wool has been carried on here; about -thirty thousand quarters of the former, and three thousand sheets of the -latter being annually sent from this place. The town also from its -situation in a well inhabited district enjoys a large retail trade. - -There are now three fairs for horses, cattle and sheep, held here -annually. The first, which concludes on the twenty-second of June, has -of late years declined very much, and though chartered for eight days -seldom continues more than three. The second, which terminates on the -twenty-first of August, has long been celebrated as the largest fair for -horses in the kingdom, perhaps it may be said in the world; it continues -about ten days, being three days more than the time expressed in the -charter. To this fair are brought for sale horses of all descriptions -from every part of the kingdom, to the number of many thousands; and -beside the most extensive dealers of this country, there are to be found -in the fair purchasers and dealers from different parts of the continent -of Europe, and even from America. The third fair, which is held on the -twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth days of October, was removed to this place -in 1768, from Market-Stainton, a decayed market town, about eight miles -distant, two hundred pounds being given to the lord of the manor of that -place, to permit the removal, one half of this sum was raised by -subscription amongst the inhabitants of this town, the other by William -Banks, Esquire, the then lessee of the manor. The market is now held -every Saturday, to which it was changed from Wednesday, the day mentioned -in the charter, probably in consequence of the markets at Boston and -Louth being also on that day; but the time at which the alteration took -place cannot now be ascertained. - -On the south side of the church-yard is a building appropriated for the -purposes of a Dispensary, which is supported by public subscription. -Those to whom medical aid is administered are such of the sick poor, in -the town and neighbourhood of Horncastle, as are recommended by -subscribers; and the many to whom assistance has been afforded, evince -its utility in a striking degree. The Dispensary is attended every -Tuesday and Saturday morning by a physician, whose service is gratuitous, -and by an apothecary who receives a salary. These gentlemen visit such -patients as are unable to attend at the Dispensary. A female accoucheur -also belongs to the establishment. The number of patients admitted from -the commencement of the institution in September 1789, to September 1821, -was 9389. - -In the year 1790 a Literary Society was established in this town, and -which since its commencement has occupied a room at the Dispensary as a -library. The property of this society is permanent and unalienable; -excepting that books considered unworthy of being preserved are disposed -of at the next anniversary but one after their purchase. The library -contains about eleven hundred volumes, and is open to the members two -days in the week. For several years the subscription was only ten -shillings and sixpence per annum; it was afterwards advanced to fourteen -shillings, and subsequently to one pound. Subscribers are now also -required to pay one pound on their admission. The society at present -consists of about forty members. - -In the year 1807 the inhabitants of this town in conjunction with several -other towns and villages, in the county of Lincoln, made application to -parliament, and obtained an act for the recovery of debts not exceeding -the sum of five pounds. The commissioners hold their courts at this -place every fourth Thursday. - -The education of the poor which has lately excited so much attention in -various parts of the kingdom, has not been neglected here. A school on -the Lancasterian or British system was established at a public meeting -held in October, 1813; and but a few days subsequently a meeting was held -at the church, when it was resolved to establish also a school on the -plan of Dr. Bell. Early in the ensuing year, buildings were erected, and -each system began to be acted upon. Both schools are supported by -voluntary contributions, and each contains about two hundred children. - -Beside the established church, there are in this town a society of -Wesleyan Methodists; a small congregation of Calvinistic Baptists; a -society of Primitive Methodists, or ranters; and a congregation of -Independents. - - - - -THE SOKE OF HORNCASTLE. - - -AT the time of compiling the Domesday record, there appears to have been -included other parishes, in addition to those now comprised in this soke; -but it cannot now be ascertained at what time the alteration took place. -{41} Beside the parish of Horncastle it at present contains the -following townships:—Thimbleby, West Ashby, Low Tointon, High Tointon, -Mareham on the Hill, Roughton, Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby, -Mareham le Fen, and Coningsby. To these have lately been added -Langriville and Thornton le Fen, portions of the fen district, which had -been sold by the commissioners appointed under an act of enclosure, and -rendered parochial by act of parliament in 1812. On the enclosure of -these fens, under the act which was obtained in 1801, the whole of the -parishes in this soke, excepting the two newly formed ones, had portions -of land allotted to them, in lieu of their right of common. - -West Ashby, High Tointon, Mareham on the Hill, and Wood Enderby, were -formerly hamlets of the parish of Horncastle; but have for several years -been considered as distinct parishes, and have appointed their own -churchwardens and overseers of the poor. - - - -THIMBLEBY, - - -In Domesday Book Stimelbi, and in old writings Thimelby, is about a mile -north-west from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining each other. The manor -which in the reign of Charles the second was the property of Sir Robert -Bolles of Scampton, is now possessed by Thomas Hotchkin, Esquire, of -Tixover, in the county of Rutland, in the possession of whose ancestors -it has been for many years. In this parish is also the manor of -Hallgarth, which formerly belonged to a family named Bolton; but is now -the joint property of Richard Elmhirst, Esquire, of Uzzleby, and Mr. Kemp -of Thimbleby. The church rebuilt in the year 1744, is a small stone -edifice, possessing a considerable share of architectural merit: a stone -over the door points out the year in which it was rebuilt, but besides -this it exhibits no other inscription. {42a} The advowson of the rectory -belongs to the lord of the manor. - - - -WEST ASHBY, - - -In Domesday called Aschebi, and in old writings Askeby, is a parish -adjoining to the north boundaries of that of Horncastle, from which town -the village is about two miles distant. In this parish is the manor of -Ashby Thorpe, now belonging to the devisees of the late Mr. Joseph -Rinder; but the possessor of that of Horncastle claims manorial rights -over the other parts of the parish. Previous to the dissolution of -monasteries in the reign of Henry the eighth, the abbey of Kirkstead had -a grange in this parish, which, in the fifth year of Edward the sixth, -was granted amongst other estates to William Cecil Lord Burghley, Lord -High Treasurer of England; and now forms part of the Ashby Thorpe estate. -The church consists of a tower, a nave with a north aisle, and a chancel. -{42b} The benefice is a curacy, in the presentation of the Bishop of -Carlisle. - - - -LOW TOINTON, - - -In Domesday Todingtune, and in old writings Nether Tointon, is about a -mile eastward from the town of Horncastle, the parishes adjoining. The -manorial estates, which comprise nearly the whole parish, are the -property of Lancelot Rolleston, Esquire, of Watnall, in the county of -Nottingham, by whose ancestors it has been possessed for several -generations. The church, which is a small modern erection, being rebuilt -in 1811, contains a very curiously sculptured font, and the following -inscription on a plate of copper in the north wall: - - “Heare lyeth the Body of EDWARD ROLLESTON Esquir who departed this - Life the twenty-third of July in the thirtey-fourth year of his age - interr’d underneath this place the fourth of August Anno Domini - 1687.” - -The patrons of the rectory are Lord Gwydir, and the Baroness Willoughby -of Eresby, his mother. - - - -HIGH TOINTON, - - -In old writings Over Tointon, is about a mile and a half eastward from -Horncastle, to which parish and also that of Low Tointon it adjoins. -From only one place of this name being mentioned in the Domesday record, -it is probable that at the time of making that survey both High and Low -Tointon were included in one parish. The manorial estates, which have -descended with those of Horncastle, belong to the Bishop of Carlisle, and -are leased to different individuals. The church is a small uninteresting -building. The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of the curacy. - - - -MAREHAM ON THE HILL, - - -Anciently written Maringe and Mayring, is about a mile and a half -south-east from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining each other. The manor -once belonged to Edward Marsh, Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county of -Lincoln, by a descendant of whom it was sold to William Hudson, Esquire, -of Gray’s Inn. In 1659 it was sold to a person named Duncombe, of whom -it was purchased, in 1688, by Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, -Knight, and is now possessed by his descendant of the same names. {43} -The chapel is completely destitute of interest. On repairing it, about -fifteen years ago, two nobles of Edward the fourth, two angels of Henry -the seventh, and several silver coins of different reigns, contained in a -leathern purse, were discovered concealed in the wall. The patron of the -curacy is the Bishop of Carlisle. - - - -ROUGHTON, - - -In Domesday Rocstune, and in old writings Ructon, is about four miles -from Horncastle. The manorial estates belong to Lady Banks. The church, -which is a small building, consisting of a tower, nave and chancel, -contains a marble tablet, on which is the following inscription: - - “Here lies the Body of NORREYS FYNES, Esq. Grandson to Sir Henry - Clinton, commonly called Fynes, eldest Son of Henry Earl of Lincoln, - by his Second Wife, Daughter of Sir Richard Morrison, and Mother of - Francis Lord Norreys, afterwards Earl of Berkshire. He had by his - much beloved and only Wife Elizabeth, who lies by him, Twelve - Children, of which Four Sons and Two Daughters were living at his - decease, which happened on the 10th of January 1735–6 in the 75th - year of his age. From the Revolution he always liv’d a Nonjuror, - which rendered him incapable of any other Publick Employment (tho’ by - his Great Abilitys and Known Courage equal to the most Difficult and - Dangerous) than that of being Steward to two great Familys, wherein - he distinguish’d himself during his Service of 40 years a most - Faithful and Prudent Manager, of a most Virtuous and Religious Life. - His paternal Estate he left without any addition to his Son KENDAL - his next heir. His eldest Son CHARLES was buried here the 26th of - August 1722, aged 36 years, whose Pleasant Disposition adorn’d by - many virtues which he acquir’d by his Studys in Oxford made his death - much lamented by all his Acquaintance.” - -There also occur two other tablets; one to the memory of the Rev. Arthur -Rockcliffe, who died in 1798, aged 71; the other to the memory of Charles -Pilkington, Esq. who died in 1798, aged 75, and of Abigail his wife, who -died in 1817, aged 80. {44} The rectory, united to that of Haltham in -1741, is in the presentation of the Honorable and Reverend Champion -Dymoke. - - - -HALTHAM, - - -Called in the Domesday survey Holtham, is about five miles distant from -Horncastle. The manorial estates, which comprise almost the whole of the -parish, once belonged to the Marmyons of Scrivelsby, and are now -possessed by the Champion Dymoke, a descendant of the female branch of -that family. The church, which appears to have suffered much from time, -has in its pristine state possessed a considerable share of architectural -merit. A large window at the eastern end contains very fine tracery, and -at one time, together with some of the other windows, exhibited a large -portion of stained glass, of which only one piece, containing the arms of -La Warre, is now remaining. {45} The rectory, united to that of Roughton -in 1741, is in the presentation of the lord of the manor. - - - -WOOD ENDERBY, - - -In the Domesday record written Endrebi, is about five miles distant from -Horncastle. The manor is the property of Lady Banks. The church is a -small uninteresting building. The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of the -curacy. - - - -MOORBY, - - -In Domesday Morebi, is about five miles distant from Horncastle. The -manorial estates, comprising the principal part of the parish, are the -property of Lady Banks. The church is totally destitute of interest. -The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of the rectory. - - - -WILKSBY, - - -In Domesday Wilchesbi, is about six miles distant from Horncastle. The -manor is the property of Lady Banks. The church is a small modern -erection. The Champion Dymoke is patron of the rectory. - - - -MAREHAM LE FEN, - - -In the Domesday book called Marun, and in old writings Marum, is about -seven miles distant from Horncastle, and situated on the verge of the -recently enclosed fenny district, from whence it has received its -appellation. The manor is the property of Lady Banks; it having been -purchased, together with the three before mentioned manors, by an -ancestor of the late Sir Joseph Banks, above a century ago. The manor -house, which has for several years been occupied by Mr. James Roberts, -possesses from its adjoining gardens, a considerable share of interest. -Having accompanied Sir Joseph Banks, in the first voyage of Captain Cook -round the world, Mr. Roberts has sought to associate with the rural -simplicities of an English garden, such objects of curiosity as a -pleasurable recollection of those scenes had furnished. In addition to -numerous rustic and ornamental seats, the gardens are embellished with -huts resembling those of Terra del Fuego and New Holland; and also a -small museum of curiosities, principally from the South Sea islands. A -visit to this spot is always an agreeable recreation. The following -lines were written after a visit here, by a native of Jamaica. - - -SONNET, -WRITTEN AFTER A VISIT TO THE GARDENS AT MAREHAM. - - - Dear is the rural scene that Fancy loves, - Where tuneful Rapture chants th’ enliv’ning song, - In wildest warblings to the darkling groves, - Pouring in wildest mood the strains along; - While Echo, from the leafy bowers among, - Gives a soft cadence to the songster’s tale, - A mingled sweetness to the warbling throng, - That comes in whispers on the balmy gale. - These, Mareham, with thy spreading greenwood shade, - Thy silent waters, and thy mossy cell, - Breathe such a charm, that oft Delight has strayed, - With ling’ring steps, ’mid scenes she lov’d so well; - And when fond Mem’ry shall thy joys renew, - She’ll tell with musing voice her sweet, her last adieu. - -The church consists of a tower, a nave with north and south aisles, and a -chancel. {47} In the chancel is a tablet to the memory of the Rev. Henry -Shepherd, who was rector of this parish thirty-four years, and died in -January 1764, aged 62. The advowson of the rectory belongs to the Bishop -of Carlisle. - - - -CONINGSBY, - - -In Domesday Cuningesbi, is a considerable village on the banks of the -river Bane, about eight miles from Horncastle. The manor, which was once -possessed by the Marmions of Wintringham, has for many years belonged to -the Heathcote family, and is now the property of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, -Baronet, of Normanton in Rutlandshire. The church consists of a tower of -excellent masonry, a nave, two aisles, and a chancel. {48} The rectory, -which is in the presentation of the lord of the manor, was for several -years held by the Reverend John Dyer, the poet. It was here that he -finished his didactic poem of “The Fleece.” He died at this place in -1758, and lies buried in the church; but there is no inscription to -perpetuate his memory. A congregation of General Baptists was formed at -this place, during the government of Cromwell: the society still exists, -with an endowment for the minister. - - - -LANGRIVILLE AND THORNTON LE FEN. - - -The lands composing these parishes were chiefly those sold by the -commissioners appointed under the act for draining and enclosing Wildmore -Fen; Langriville also contains the portion allotted to the Earl of -Stamford and Warrington, in lieu of his manorial rights over Armtree and -Wildmore. In 1812, an act of parliament was passed, rendering these -lands, with others, parochial, and approximating these two parishes to -the soke of Horncastle. - - POPULATION. - - Parishes. No. of In 1801 In 1811. In 1821. - Families in - 1588. - Houses. Persons. Houses. Persons. Houses. Persons. -Horncastle 164 424 2015 553 2622 672 3058 -Thimbleby 40 50 224 65 316 75 384 -West Ashby 44 67 297 76 370 91 378 -Low Tointon 12 9 49 16 98 15 95 -High 18 14 93 24 121 33 159 -Tointon -Mareham on 22 22 110 23 122 23 133 -the Hill -Roughton 30 23 110 22 106 23 110 -Haltham 25 29 115 29 143 37 196 -Wood 24 30 153 31 183 31 178 -Enderby -Moorby 19 24 79 24 105 21 118 -Wilksby 6 9 54 9 53 9 58 -Mareham le 87 98 383 104 487 126 609 -Fen -Coningsby 221 302 1301 326 1658 349 1651 -Langriville 36 195 -Thornton le 23 141 -Fen - -BAUMBER. - - -THE village of Baumber or Bamburgh is situated in the hundred of Gartree, -about four miles northward of Horncastle, on the turnpike road leading -from that place to Lincoln. In the Domesday survey it is called -Badeburgh, which perhaps may signify Bane-burgh, or a town on the Bane, -that river forming the eastern boundary of the parish. At the period of -making that survey, Ulf and Gilbert de Gand are mentioned as proprietors. -{53a} - - [Picture: Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire] - -The manor, together with the adjoining hamlet of Stourton parva, once -belonged to Thomas Dighton, Esquire, whose daughter and heiress was -married to Edward Clinton, second son of the first Earl of Lincoln. On -failure of male issue in the elder branch, the earldom devolved to the -son of this Edward, whose successors afterwards had the Dukedom of -Newcastle conferred on them. These estates continued in the possession -of this family until the latter part of the last century, when they were -sold to Thomas Livesey, Esquire, of Blackbourn, in the county of -Lancaster, whose son, Joseph Livesey, Esquire, the present proprietor, -resides thereon, in an elegant mansion, which was completed in 1810. -Part of the residence of the Earls of Lincoln is still standing. - -The church at Baumber with all its appurtenances, and eight oxgangs of -land, were given by Gilbert de Gaunt to the monks at Bridlington, which -grant Pope Innocent the fourth, and the Bishop of Lincoln confirmed. -{53b} It is now a donative, extrajudicial. It was rebuilt about sixty -years ago, and is a very neat brick structure, consisting of a tower, a -nave with side aisles, and a chancel. {54} Under the chancel is the -vault of the Newcastle family, which was their place of sepulture -previous to disposing of their estates in this parish. Over the vault -are the following inscriptions: - - “Here lieth the Body of Francis Clinton al’s Fynes Esq. Grandson of - Henry Lord Clinton Earl of Lincoln who departed this life Feb. 5 Anno - Dom. 1681.” - - “Here lieth the Body of Priscilla the Wife of Francis Clinton al’s - Fynes Esq. who departed this life Febr. 15 Anno Dom. 1679.” - -In the north aisle is a stone with this inscription in black letters -around the verge: - - “Orate p’ a’iabus Joh’es Eland armig’i Alicie et Elisabeth uxor - ejusde’ qui Joh’es obijt xix die marcii aº d’ni millo cccclxxiii cuj’ - q’rs a’iabs p’pciet’ de.” - -In 1821, the population of this parish amounted to 319, and the number of -houses to 51. - - - - -EDLINGTON. - - -AT the time of forming the Domesday survey, this place, then called -Tedlintune formed part of the soke of Horncastle; {55} but is now -comprised in the hundred of Gartree. It is very pleasantly situated -about two miles northward of Horncastle, near to the road leading from -that place to Lincoln. - -The manorial estates comprising the chief part of the parish, are the -property of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire, a descendant of a female -branch of the family of that name, which he adopted on coming into -possession of the estates. The manor house, the seat of the proprietor, -though not of regular architecture, acquires an agreeable effect from the -grove in which it is situated. From the house the prospect to the -south-west, over the adjacent level country, is both extensive and -pleasing. - - [Picture: Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire] - -The church is a small building possessing no claim to attention. The -vicarage is in the gift of the Duchy of Lancaster. The rectorial tythes -belong to the grammar school at Oakham, in the county of Rutland. - -On under-draining a field in this parish, in the latter part of the year -1819, several heaps of ox bones were dug up, and with each heap an urn of -baked clay, apparently of Roman manufacture; but unfortunately none of -the urns were taken up whole. To account for these relics being found -here, it is probable that on this spot a Roman sacrifice had been -celebrated, in honor of some deity, on the occasion of a victory, or in -the exercise of other pagan rites. - -Annexed to this parish is the hamlet or manor of Poolham, anciently -called Polum. It formed part of the barony of Gilbert de Gaunt until -about the thirty-fifth year of Edward the first, when Robert de -Barkeworthe died seized of it; {56a} and it appears to have been the -residence of Walterus de Barkeworthe, who died in 1347, and was buried in -the cloister of Lincoln cathedral. Afterwards it was the residence of -the family of Thimbleby, a branch of the Thimblebys of Irnham, {56b} who -probably built the mansion house within the ancient moat, about the time -of Henry the eighth. The Savilles of Howley in the County of York, -enjoyed the estate in the reign of Elizabeth, and in 1600, Sir John -Saville, Knight, sold it to George Bolles, Esquire, citizen of London, -whose descendant Sir John Bolles, Baronet, conveyed the same to Sir -Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight, and it is now the inheritance -of Edmund Turnor, Esquire. {56c} - -Within the moat, beside the mansion house, are the remains of a chapel, -built of stone, a font, and a grave-stone with the date 1527. - -In 1821, the parish of Edlington contained 37 houses, and 263 -inhabitants. - - - - -TUPHOLME. - - -THE village of Tupholme stands nearly a mile from the north bank of the -river Witham, at the distance of seven miles west by north from -Horncastle; and is contained in the hundred of Wraggoe. {57a} - -In the time of Henry the second, an Abbey of premonstratensian canons, -dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was founded here, by Allan de Nevill and -Gilbert his brother, and endowed by them with their possessions in this -place, together with estates in other parts of the county. This abbey -also had numerous benefactions in lands and churches, from other persons; -and the king gave a canal, so large, that ships might pass between the -Witham and Tupholme. These gifts were confirmed to the abbot and canons, -by charter, from Henry the third, in the twentieth year of his reign. -{57b} At the dissolution of monasteries, this abbey contained nine -religious: and in the thirtieth year of Henry the eighth, the scite was -granted to Sir Thomas Henneage. - - [Picture: Remains of Tupholme Abbey] - -Of the abbey, a wall only is now remaining, the upper part of which -appears to have formed a side of the refectory or dining hall. It -contains lancet windows, and a small gallery, in which the person sat who -read to the brethren during their meals: a practice which was common in -all monasteries, and anciently in colleges. The story beneath the -refectory appears to have been vaulted, and was probably used as a -cellar. Adjoining to the ruins is a farm house, which has been built out -of part of the materials. The gate house, now gone, was standing when -Dr. Stukeley visited this place in 1716. A view of it is engraved in the -Itinerarium Curiosum. - -The manorial estate, comprising the whole parish, is the property of -Robert Vyner, Esquire, of Gautby, by an ancestor of whom it was purchased -in the early part of the last century. - -The church has been long since demolished. The benefice is a vicarage in -the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln. - - [Picture: Ancient Cross at Somersby] - - - - -SOMERSBY. - - -THE village of Somersby is pleasantly situated on the wolds, in the -hundred of Hill, at about the distance of six miles east from Horncastle. - -The manorial estates, which comprise the whole parish, have for many -years been the property of a family named Burton. The present proprietor -is William Raynor Burton, Esquire, which latter name he assumed on coming -into possession of the estates on the death of his uncle, Robert Burton, -Esquire, of Lincoln. - -On the south side of the church, near to the porch, is an elegant stone -cross, which having escaped both the ravages of time, and the destruction -of the Puritans, remains in so perfect a state as to be justly esteemed -of unrivalled excellence and beauty. The extreme height of it, including -the subcourse, is fifteen feet. The shaft is octagonal, and decorated -with a capital, surmounted by a coronal of small embattlements. The -cross, with its pediment, which rises from this, is ornamented on the -south face with the representation of the crucified founder of the -christian faith, and on the opposite side with that of the virgin and -child. - -The church is a small building, consisting of a tower, nave, and chancel, -and is void of architectural interest. {59} In the wall at the end of -the chancel is a plate of brass, on which is sculptured the -representation of a person full robed, kneeling on a cushion, before a -reading desk, in the sinister upper corner is a shield containing arms, -and under the figure this inscription: - - “Here lyeth GEORGE LITTLEBVRY of Somersby seventh Sonne of Thomas - Littlebvry of Stainsbie Esq. who died the 13 daye of Octob. in ye - yeare of our Lord 1612 being abovt the age of 73 yeares.” - -The shield contains these arms:—1. Two lioncels statant guardant in pale. -2. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Barry of six; 2 and 3 A bend. 3. Three shackle -bolts. 4. A mullet between three crescents, a dexter canton. On the -fesse point a rose for difference. - -Against the skreen between the nave and chancel is a marble tablet -surmounted by a shield containing the arms of BURTON, Sable, a chevron -argent, between three owls argent, ducally crowned or; the crest, an owl -argent, crowned as before. Under the arms is this inscription: - - “Here lieth Mrs. KATH. BURTON Daughter of Richard Langhorne Esq. She - died Aug. 25 A.D. 1742. Also ROBERT BURTON, Esq. Citizen of London, - Husband of the said Mrs. Katherine Burton. He died Nov. 30 1753.” - -The advowson of the rectory belongs to the lord of the manor. - -In a woody dell in this parish is a spring, gently bursting from the -rock, called Holy-well, but the name of the saint to whom it was -dedicated is not preserved. - -According to the returns of 1821, this village at that time contained 12 -houses and 96 inhabitants. - - “The Topcliffes were an ancient family at Somersby, of which family - Richard Topcliffe was the representative in 1592. He was the eldest - son of Robert Topcliffe, by Margaret, one of the daughters of Thomas - Lord Borough, and married Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Willoughby, of - Wollaton, Nottinghamshire, and had issue Charles his heir, and three - other sons who died infants, and a daughter Susannah. He was a most - implacable persecutor of the Roman Catholics, so much so, that the - use of the rack and other tortures were called Topcliffian customs.” - {60} - - - - -SCRIVELSBY. - - -ABOUT two miles south of Horncastle, on the road leading from that place -to Boston, stands the village of Scrivelsby, which is included in the -Hundred of Gartree. - -At the time of compiling the Domesday survey, it appears that part of -this parish, then called Scrivelesbi, was annexed to the Soke of -Horncastle, which was then retained by the conqueror. {61a} By the same -record, the manor appears to have been then holden by Robert de Spenser, -but by what service is not said. How it passed from De Spenser to the -family of Marmyon; whether by inheritance, or escheat of the crown, and -subsequent grant, cannot now be ascertained. It was however shortly -after in the tenure of Robert Marmyon, whose male descendants enjoyed the -same until the twentieth year of Edward the first, 1292, when Philip the -last Lord Marmyon died seized of this manor, holden by barony, and the -service of champion to the kings of England on their coronation day; and -seized also of the castle of Tamworth in Warwickshire, held therewith as -parcel of his barony, but by the service of knight’s fees, to attend the -king in his wars in Wales. {61b} This Philip had only female issue, and -between them his great estates here, in Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and -elsewhere, were divided. By this partition, the manor and barony of -Scrivelsby were allotted to Joan, the youngest daughter, by whose -grand-daughter and heir the same passed in marriage to Sir John Dymoke, -who, with Margaret his wife, had livery thereof in the twenty-third year -of Edward the third. - -At the coronation of Richard the second, Sir John Dymoke claimed in right -of his wife, to perform the office of champion: this right was -counterclaimed by Baldwin Freville, who, as lord of Tamworth, also -claimed to perform that service; but the commissioners of the court of -claims deciding in favor of Sir John Dymoke, he performed that office; -and from that period to the present time, nearly five hundred years, -their male issue have continued in possession of the same inheritance. -The present champion, the Reverend John Dymoke, is the seventeenth of his -family, from Sir John Dymoke, who has inherited that high and singular -office. {62} - -The chief part of Scrivelsby Court, the ancient baronial seat, was -destroyed by fire, between fifty and sixty years ago. In the part -consumed was a very large hall, on the pannels of the wainscottings of -which were depicted the various arms and alliances of the family, through -all its numerous and far traced descents. The loss has been in some -degree compensated for, by the addition which the late proprietor -recently made to those parts which escaped the ravages of the fire. - - [Picture: Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church] - -The church is a small building, consisting of a nave, with a north aisle, -and a chancel. At the eastern end of the aisle are two tombs, on one of -which is the figure of a knight, in chain armour, cross-legged; on the -other that of a lady, with a lion at her feet. By the side of these is -the tomb of Sir Robert Dymoke, who was champion at the coronations of -Richard the third, Henry the seventh, and Henry the eighth; by the last -of whom he was made a knight banneret. On the top of the tomb is a plate -of brass, on which is sculptured his figure in full armour, in a -recumbent posture, with his helmet under his head, and a lion at his -feet. Above him is a shield, containing arms, and under him is the -following inscription, in black letter: - - “Here liethe the Body of sir Robert Demoke of Screvelsby knight & - baronet who departed owt of this present lyfe the xv day of Apryl in - ye yere of our lord god mdlxv upon whose sowle almighte god have m’ci - Amen.” {63} - -The shield contains these arms: - - 1. DYMOKE. Sable, two lions passant in pale argent, ducally crowned - or. - - 2. MARMYON. Vairè, a fesse gules, frettè or. - - 3. HEBDEN. Ermine, five fusils in fesse gules. - - 4. RYE. Gules, on a bend argent three ears of rye proper. - - 5. WELLES. Or, a lion rampant double tailed sable. - - 6. ENGAINE. Gules, a fesse dauncette between six crosselets or. - - 7. WATERTON. Barry of six ermine and gules, three crescents sable. - - 8. HASTINGS. Or, a manche gules. - - 9. LUDLOW. Azure, three lions passant guardant in pale, argent. - - 10. SPARROW. Argent, six martlets sable, three, two, and one; on a - chief indented gules, two swords in saltire, points upwards, proper, - between two lions heads erased. - -Beside these arms, the sides and ends of the tomb were ornamented with -others contained in eight shields of brass, none of which are now -remaining. - -On the floor of the aisle is a stone which has once contained a brass -figure, with corner shields and an inscription, all which are now gone. - -On the floor at the south side of the communion table is a plate of -copper, on which is this inscription: - - “Under this Stone lyes Sir Charles Dymoke, Knight, who was Champion - at the Coronation of King James the 2d. On his left hand lyes the - Lady Dymoke; next to her, the Honourable Lewis Dymoke, their youngest - son; next to him lies Capt. Dymoke, the eldest son of Sir Charles, - who died in France; next to him, Mrs. Dymoke, Daughter of Sir - Charles; at the head of Sir Charles lyes Mrs. Eliz. Dymoke, the - youngest daughter of Sir Charles Dymoke.” - -On the floor at the north side of the communion table, is a stone, -containing this inscription: - - “Here lyeth the Body of the Honourable CHARLES DYMOKE Esq. of - Scrielsby, Champion of England, who departed this life the 17th day - of January, and in the year of our Lord, 1702. - - “This Gravestone was laid at the proper cost and charge of His widow, - Jane Dymoke, and in the year 1726.” - -Against the south wall of the chancel is a very handsome marble monument, -ornamented with a bust of the individual whose memory it perpetuates, at -the top is a shield containing the arms of DYMOKE, with the crest, a -sword erect; and underneath is the following inscription: - - “Near this place lieth Interr’d the Body of the Honourable LEWIS - DYMOKE, Esq. late Champion of England, who performed that service at - the Coronation of King George the 1st and King George the 2d. He was - the youngest Son of Sir Charles Dymoke and Eleanor his wife, eldest - Daughter of the first Lord Rockingham. He departed this Life on the - 5th of February 1760, in the 91st Year of his Age.” - -On the north side of the chancel is a mural tablet containing this -inscription: - - “Sacred to the Memory of the Honourable JOHN DYMOKE of Scrivelsby, in - this county, Champion of England, who performed that service at the - Coronation of His Majesty George 3d, and whose body lieth interred in - a Vault near this place: He departed this life, March 6th. 1784. - Aged 52 years.” - -Against the south wall is the following inscription on a small marble -tablet: - - “Sacred to the Memory of LEWIS JONES, Esquire, of Great Hale in this - County, who departed this Life May 1st 1786. Aged 71 Years.” - -The rectory, united in 1741 to that of the adjoining village of Dalderby, -is in the presentation of the lord of the manor. - -On the inclosure of Wildmore Fen, pursuant to an act of parliament -obtained for that purpose in 1801, a portion thereof was allotted to this -parish, in lieu of right of common. - -By the returns of 1821, this parish at that period contained 24 houses, -and 153 inhabitants. - - - - -BOLINGBROKE. - - -SITUATION. - - -BOLINGBROKE, a decayed market town, is distant about eight miles south -east from Horncastle, and gives name to the soke wherein it is situated. -The town is seated on a clear, rapid brook, from which the name is -derived, and which runs along a peculiar deep recess of rugged sand-stone -hills, which suddenly terminate at the northern border of the adjacent -fen district. Embayed amid these deep declivities, and having but one -narrow outlet into the level land, it is a matter of no surprize that its -importance as a place of security was not overlooked in the feodal times, -when it became further strengthened by a castle. - - - -THE MANOR. - - -The manor appears to have been, from an early period, connected with the -dignity of the Earldom of Lincoln. Ranulph, an illustrious nobleman, -marrying Lucia, widow of Roger de Romara, sister, and heiress of Morcar, -the Saxon Earl of Northumberland and Lincoln, delivered the estates, -amongst which was this lordship, to Henry the first, for the dignity of -the Earldom of Chester. Against this, William de Romara, son of Lucia by -her former husband, appealed to the king, but in vain. William however -strengthening by his interest the rebellion in Normandy which had been -raised by Robert, the eldest son of the conqueror and brother of the -king; Henry, to appease his wrath, and obtain his favor, was in the -twenty-second year of his reign, induced to restore to him the estates of -his mother Lucia, and invest him with the Earldom of Lincoln. After -this, exchanging certain lands in Normandy with Robert de Tillol for the -lordships of Hareby, Enderby, and Hundleby, parts of this soke, William -was invited by the security of the situation, to erect his castle at -Bolingbroke. About the same time asserting the rights of the Empress -Maud, in her contentions with Stephen for the throne, he greatly -contributed to her early successes, particularly at the siege of Lincoln. - -By his wife Maud, the daughter of Richard de Redvers, he had issue a son -named William, who married Hawise daughter of Stephen Earl of Albemarle; -but dying in the life time of his father, the estates descended to his -son, also called William. This William, the third of that name, to -further improve his fortress, and add to the advantages of its situation, -procured from Simon Briton, who also held lands in these parts, remission -of all his claims in the whole marsh of Bolingbroke, and from Jeffrey -Fitz Stephens, the superior of the Knights Templar, a full release of -their interest in all the fens belonging to this manor, and its soke, -which William de Romara his grandfather had given to them. - -This last mentioned individual of the family of Romara died without -issue, and in him the male line of the family ceased; which appears from -Gilbert de Gaunt, after being a suppliant prisoner when fighting on the -side of Stephen at the siege of Lincoln, and compelled by the first -William de Romara to marry his daughter Hawise, becoming in her right -possessor of this manor, and receiving also the Earldom of Lincoln. - -Gilbert de Gaunt, died in the second year of the reign of Henry the -second, and left issue, two daughters, Alice and Gunnora; the former of -whom was married to Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon, who is said to -have enjoyed, during her life time, the Earldom of Lincoln, and with it -this lordship. Alice as well as her sister Gunnora dying without issue, -their uncle Robert de Gaunt, though unallied by blood, became their heir, -and possessed himself of these estates. Gilbert his son succeeded him; -but joining the cause of the barons against King John, and afterwards -against his son and successor, Henry the third, he was defeated at -Lincoln, taken prisoner, and these estates conferred upon Ranulph de -Meschines, surnamed de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, who being third in -descent from Ranulph Earl of Chester, by his wife Lucia, the widow of -Roger de Romara, had, independent of the claims on his sovereign for -aiding in firmly establishing his family on the throne, a natural right, -superior to that of the family of de Gaunt. Ranulph de Blundeville dying -without issue, his sisters became his co-heiresses; but he had during his -life time assigned by charter to one of them, named Hawise, the Earldom -of Lincoln, and with it this manor and castle. - -Robert, son and heir of Sayer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, marrying -Hawise, left issue, a daughter, Margaret, who was married to John de -Laci, a descendant of the Barons of Pontefract. John de Laci received -from Henry the third a charter of confirmation of the Earldom of Lincoln, -and the inheritances which he possessed by his wife Margaret de Quincy. - -Edmund his son dying before his mother, did not inherit the Earldom, -though he received the tertium denarium of the county. He left issue, -Henry, John, and Margaret, the former of whom succeeded to this manor and -the Earldom of Lincoln; and is said to have been the most exalted -nobleman of his time. He is stated to have been illustrious in counsel, -undaunted in the fight, chief among the warriors of his country, and in -fine, the brightest ornament of the reign. {68} His sons dying young, he -bequeathed by will all his possessions to the heirs of Edmund -Plantagenet, in case of failure of issue by his daughter Alice. Thomas, -Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Plantagenet, marrying Alice, held in her -right, the estates of her father Henry de Laci, who, on his death bed, -desirous that his son in law should be ennobled not only by the attendant -riches, but also by the influence of his example, enjoined him to devote -his power to secure the liberties of his country. But the proud and -resolute spirit of the Earl of Lancaster needed no such injunctions to -spur him on to action. Indignant that Hugh de Spenser should enjoy the -favor of his sovereign, Edward the second, he after effecting the -destruction of Piers Gaveston, broke out into open rebellion: defeated -however at Boroughbridge, he was ignominiously put to death at his castle -of Pontefract, and his estates forfeited to the crown. The inheritances -which were, as has been before noticed, the right of his wife, were still -reserved to her: but having borne an indifferent reputation for chastity; -following the impulses of her amours in the life time of her late -husband, and after his death marrying without the consent of the king to -Eubold le Estrange; the king, with whom but trivial pretences were -sufficient for abridging the powers of any individual allied to his -haughty relatives of the house of Lancaster, seized for this breach of -fealty, or homage, all the inheritance which she held of the crown in -chief, among which were this manor, and that of Denbigh, and conferred -the whole on his favorite Hugh de Spenser. - -Henry, brother of Thomas the late Earl of Lancaster, procured in the -first parliament after the accession of Edward the third, a remission of -the forfeited estates of the family; and upon the death of the countess -Alice, the wife of his late brother, her honors and splendid inheritances -devolved to him, partly by the will of her father Henry de Laci, and -partly by reason of a render made by him to Edward the first, and a -re-grant by charter from that monarch to the heirs of Henry de Laci, with -remainder to the heirs of Edmund Plantagenet. - -Henry Earl of Lancaster died without male issue, but left two daughters -Maud and Blanche; the former of whom married William of Bavaria, and left -no issue; but Blanche became the sole heir of her father, and married -John of Gaunt, who, by reason of the inheritances, was created Duke of -Lancaster. By her he had issue, at the castle at this place, the -celebrated Henry of Bolingbroke; upon whose accession to the throne, the -whole patrimony, through the line of Lancaster, became invested in the -crown; and in his reign was counted one of the manorial possessions of -the king, denominated honors. - - - -THE CASTLE. - - -On the south side of the town is the scite of the castle, which is now -only to be distinguished by the traces of its foundations, encompassed by -a moat. - -The seclusion of this spot amongst steep hills, with only an opening to -the level country, southward, rendered it in the early mode of warfare a -desirable situation for a place of defence, since it was at all times -secure from the emergencies of a sudden surprise. The advantages of such -a situation were not overlooked by William de Romara, who about the early -part of the reign of king Stephen, erected his castle at this place. - -From the testimony of Mr. Gervase Holles, who is the only person that has -left us a description of this castle, it appears to have been a very -spacious square edifice, characterized in its construction by strength -and uniformity, and containing beside numerous apartments, all the -conveniences of warfare. {70} By queen Elizabeth it was improved by -elegant and extensive erections, and though afterwards neglected, yet it -remained a place of importance down to the time of the civil wars in the -reign of Charles the first, when for some time it withstood a siege by -the parliamentary forces. - -After the defeat of the royal army at Winceby, this castle was compelled -to yield to the army of the parliament, who, after dismantling it, left -it silently to decay. For a many years part of a circular building, said -to be the gate-house, continued standing; but in May 1815, the last -remaining fragment of this once formidable structure fell to the ground. - -To the east of the enclosure may be seen the entrenchments, behind which -the assailants, in 1643, protected themselves in their attack on this -castle. - - [Picture: Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 1813] - - - -THE CHURCH. - - -The church being occupied by the parliamentary forces when they stormed -the castle, was almost entirely demolished by the cannon of that -fortress. - -The part now remaining, is situated a short distance north of the scite -of the castle, and consists of a tower, and a part appropriated for -public worship, which was once the southern aisle of the original -edifice. It is built of sand stone, and if the delicate tracery of its -windows be excepted, it contains but little architectural beauty. These -windows were once ornamented with richly stained glass, of which not a -fragment is now remaining. {71} - -There is yet preserved in this church the mutilated remains of an -embroidered cloth for the communion table, said to have been wrought by -one of the Duchesses of Lancaster. - -Two chantries, which formerly were attached to this church, were -suppressed at the dissolution of religious houses, in the twenty-sixth -year of the reign of Henry the eighth. - -The rectory is in the presentation of Lady Eyre of Mortlake, in Surrey. - - - -THE TOWN. - - -At so early a period as the time of forming the Domesday survey, this -town appears to have arisen into some consideration as a place of trade, -being possessed of a market, which however is in that record denominated -a new one. {72} - -For a many years it was considered one of the principal market towns of -the county of Lincoln; but its trade, for some time previous to the -destruction of the castle, had been gradually withdrawing to other places -more conveniently situated; and afterwards the town fell rapidly into -decay, and its market became wholly unfrequented. - -Although it may be at present identified as a mere village; yet its -widely detached houses, partially paved streets, and grass grown market -place, connected with the mounds of the castle which once adorned the -spot, evince sufficiently that there has been a time when destitution was -not the characteristic of the town of Bolingbroke. - -An attempt has lately been made to revive the market, on a portion of -land allotted to this parish on the enclosure of the fens, in lieu of -right of common thereon. An annual fair on the tenth of July, is held -both at this town and on the fen allotment. - -There is a free school at this place, founded and endowed in 1588, by a -Mr. Chamberlain. - -In 1821, this parish contained 158 houses, and 753 inhabitants. - -Bolingbroke gives the title of viscount to the family of St. John, of -Lydiard Tregoze, in Wiltshire. - - - - -REVESBY. - - -REVESBY is situated at the distance of six miles south from Horncastle, -on the road from that place to Boston, and is included in the soke of -Bolingbroke. - -What now constitutes the parish of Revesby, appears formerly to have been -three distinct manors, Revesby, Thoresby, and Seithesby; the greater part -of which was the property of William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln. In the -year 1142 he founded a Cistertian monastery at this place, and previous -to endowing it with the whole of his possessions here, he negotiated -exchanges with the other proprietors, by which he was enabled to give the -entirety of the three manors to his new monastery. {74} - -To add to the solemnity of the ceremony of foundation, the Earl on this -occasion manumitted several slaves, who had petitioned for their liberty. -One of them, called Wilhelmus Medicus, was doubtless a physician; -another, Rogerus Barkarius, probably a shepherd: the surnames of persons -at that time being derived from their professions. A person named Roger -Barker resided until lately at a place called Stickney Wydale. This -place belongs to the parish of Revesby, though about four miles distant, -and is supposed to have been given to the monks, on condition of their -keeping Nordyke Causeway, formerly a dangerous pass, in repair. - -Beside the endowment of William de Romara, the monastery was enriched by -numerous other benefactions. At the dissolution of religious houses, its -possessions with all its rights were granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of -Suffolk; and on the death of his two infant sons, who survived him only a -short time, their extensive possessions were divided among the heirs -general. On this division, Revesby fell to the lot of the Carsey family, -who resided here several years, and afterwards sold it to the Lord -Treasurer Burleigh, from whom it descended to the first and second Earls -of Exeter; the latter of whom settled it on his grandson, Henry Howard, -the third son of the Earl of Berkshire. About a century ago it was sold -by the descendants of Henry Howard, to Joseph Banks, Esquire, the great -grandfather of the late Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet, whose -widow is the present possessor. - - [Picture: Revesby Abbey, Seat of Lady Banks] - -The seat of the proprietor was built by Craven Howard, nephew and heir of -Henry Howard; but has been much enlarged by the family of Banks. Part of -an ancient mansion, formerly the residence of the abbots, now forms the -offices. The monastery, which stood at a considerable distance, has long -been entirely demolished. - -The church, which is a small neat structure, was re-built by the before -mentioned Joseph Banks, Esquire. It is a donative of exempt -jurisdiction. - -At the east end of the chancel is a tablet containing this inscription: - - “Dedicated to the Memmorie of NEHEMIAH RAWSON, Esq. A Member of this - Common Wealth, and a Justice of Peace. Hee Married Frances the - Daughter of Thomas Knightley of Brough Hall in the County of - Stafford, Esq. By Whoome hee had Issue Six Daughters, Elizabeth - Married to Richard Parkes of Lutton, Gent. Hanna to Theophilus Hartt - of Birkwood Esq. Abigal to Daniell Hartt of London Grocer, Sarah, - Rebecca and Mary, Dyed Younge, he Departed this Life in January 1657. - Aged 80 Yeares.” - -At the same end is another tablet, with the following inscription, and a -shield containing a bend, in the sinister chief three crosses fitchy: - - “To the perpetual Memorie of HENRY HOWARD third Son of Thomas Howard - Earle of Barkshire by Elizabeth Daughter and heiresse to William - Cecill Earle of Exeter his Wife who departed this Life in the XLIIII - Yeare of his age in December MDCLXIII. - - “This Monument was Dedicated and Erected by his Nephew whom hee made - his heir and successor to this Mannor of Revesby and his Lands in - Lincolnshire, Craven Howard Son of William Howard who was 4th Son of - the Earle and Countesse of Barkshire (before mentioned) in the yeare - 1691.” - -On the north side of the chancel is a large marble monument, surmounted -by the bust of the individual whose memory it perpetuates, and ornamented -with a shield containing the arms of BANKS, Sable, a cross or, between -four flowers de luce argent. This monument contains the following -inscription: - - “H. S. E. - - “JOSEPHUS BANKS Armiger ex antiqua familia apud Bank-Newton, in agro - Eborac Oriundus. Juris prudentiæ studio operam dedit illamq. - feliciter exercuit. - - “In honorem Dei Ecclesiam hanc vetustate collahentem, a solo - restituit Vicinium Ptochotrophium in X Senum aut Mancorum subsidium a - fundamentis extruxit. - - “Bis ad suprema Regni Comitia Senator Grimsbeiæ in Lincolnia, et - Totenesiæ in Devonia. Electus, Regi suo et Patriæ utriamque vicem - fideliter inservivit. - - “Maritus et Pater benignus Amicus sine fuco Pacti et Promissi sui - observantissimus Annos LXII. vixit XXVII Septemb. A.D. MDCCXXVII - obiit. - - “Liberos vidit adultos Josephum et Mariam Quorum hanc Dno Francisco - Whichcote Barnto. nuptam, Patre superstite præpropera mors abripuit; - Optimo Parenti superstes Ille. - - M. H. P. C.” - -Near to the church are ten alms-houses, on the centre of the front of -which is the following inscription: - - “Joseph Banks Esq. Lord of Revesby by his Will Directed the Building - of these Almshouses for Ten poor People & Endowed the Same with Fifty - pounds a year. He Departed this Life the 27th of Sept. 1727 Leaving - Joseph Banks Esq. his only Son Heir who in Pursuance of his Father’s - Will erected this Anno 1728.” - -In this parish are two tumuli, each about one hundred feet diameter, and -about one hundred feet apart, which have been formerly surrounded by a -fosse. Dr. Stukeley supposes them to have been either the places of -sepulture of two British kings, or places of religious worship. {76} - -A fair is held at Revesby on the second Monday after old Michaelmas day -annually. - -In 1821, the parish contained 113 houses, and 572 inhabitants. - - - -THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR JOSEPH BANKS, BARONET. - - -The subject of this memoir was born in London on the 13th of December, -1743. He was the only son of William Banks, Esquire, of Revesby, who -died in 1761, leaving him, at the age of eighteen, possessed of an ample -fortune. He was at that time a member of the University of Oxford; and -it was in the retirement of collegiate studies that he acquired his taste -for natural history. - -Immediately on his leaving the University, in 1763, he made a voyage to -the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador, and returned with those habits -of investigation which are induced by a contemplation of rare and novel -objects. - -Having become a member of the Royal Society, his desire for further -investigation of new worlds was again excited by the plan proposed by -that learned body, for observing the expected transit of Venus, from one -of the South Sea islands. No sooner did Mr. Banks understand that the -Endeavour, commanded by Captain (then Lieutenant) Cook, was equipping for -her voyage, and intended to prosecute further discovery after the -observation of the transit, than he determined to embark in the -expedition. Mr. Banks entered upon his preparations with a most generous -spirit; providing himself with two draughtsmen, a secretary, and four -servants, together with all the necessary books, and instruments. He was -also accompanied by Dr. Solander, a Swedish gentleman, who had been the -pupil of Linnæus. - -On the 26th of August, 1768, the Endeavour sailed from Plymouth, on this -great expedition. In the passage to Madeira, Mr. Banks and his -companions discovered many marine animals, which no naturalist had -described. At Madeira, and as they sailed on to Rio Janeiro, their -vigilance was still eagerly awake, and sufficiently gratified by -observations and specimens new to science. The jealousy of the -Portuguese greatly disappointed their curiosity, by forbidding their -researches at Rio Janeiro. - -On Wednesday, April 12, 1769, the Endeavour arrived at Otaheite. For -three months the voyagers continued at this and the contiguous isles, -making the astronomical observations, for the sake chiefly of which -Lieutenant Cook was sent out; surveying, as navigators, the coasts of the -different isles; collecting specimens of the natural productions peculiar -to them; and studying the language, manners, and arts of the islanders. - -In August, 1769, the Endeavour sailed from the last isle of the group. -In October they made New Zealand, which had not been visited since -Tasman’s voyage. They next sailed to New Holland, chiefly along the East -coast, and gave the name of New South Wales to the adjacent territory. -The ship here struck upon a rock, and was saved only by extraordinary -skill. In laying her down for repairs the sea broke in, and spoiled the -greater part of Mr. Banks’s specimens of natural history: but he was -recompensed by the discovery of the kangaroo. In August, 1770, they -sailed for New Guinea. On their homeward voyage, their short stay at -Batavia was nearly fatal to the expedition. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander -caught the fever. Tupia, a priest, and a boy named Tayeto, both from -Otaheite, who were proceeding to England, died. Every person of the crew -but one was taken ill. Seven died at Batavia, and twenty-three more -within six weeks after. On the 12th of June, 1771, the vessel anchored -in the downs. - -Early in 1772 an expedition was prepared under the command of Captain -Cook, to proceed in search of the so much talked of Southern Continent, -in which Mr. Banks most anxiously took a part, intending to perform the -voyage; and he accordingly prepared his establishment upon the most -extensive scale. On this account orders were given by the Admiralty for -fitting the ships out with every possible accommodation that Mr. Banks -could desire; but when the Resolution sailed from Long Reach for -Plymouth, she was found so very crank, from the additional upper works, -that she was obliged to be carried into Sheerness to have the additional -cabins cut away, with such other alterations as were necessary to make -her sea-worthy. This of course struck at the very root of Mr. Banks’s -project, in curtailing him of the space and accommodation absolutely -necessary for the establishment which he had formed; and he was -reluctantly compelled to give up his plans. - -Disappointed in this expedition, Mr. Banks was prompted to engage in some -other active research, and accordingly determined on a voyage to Iceland -and the western islands of Scotland; partly for the purpose of scientific -observation, and, as Van Troil states, who accompanied him, in order to -keep together and employ the draughtsmen, and other persons, who had been -engaged for the South Sea expedition. - -They sailed from the river in July, and called at Portsmouth, thence to -Plymouth, and proceeded up St. George’s Channel, to the Western Islands, -visiting Oransay, Columbkill, Scarba, and Staffa, so remarkable for its -basaltic columns, but until then comparatively unknown. They passed the -Orkneys and Shetland islands without any particular investigation; and on -the 28th of August, 1772, arrived off the coast of Iceland. After -completely investigating every thing curious, they left Iceland, and -arrived at Edinburgh in November, from whence they set off by land for -London. - -After his return Mr. Banks passed his time principally in London, or at -his paternal seat at Revesby, surrounded by men of letters, and by -persons of the first rank and fortune; and dedicating his time and -fortune to scientific pursuits. - -Sir John Pringle having retired from the office of President of the Royal -Society in 1777, Mr. Banks was called to fill the vacant chair, when his -ample fortune enabled him to commence a system by which his house became, -through a long series of years, a scene of hospitality, to genius of -every country, and of every rank in society. - -The close attention which the President now paid to the duties of his -station, induced him to select a rural retirement nearer to London than -his seat at Revesby; he therefore, in the year 1779, took a lease of the -premises, which he afterwards purchased, at Spring Grove, in the parish -of Heston, in Middlesex; and on the 29th of March in the same year, he -married Dorothea, daughter and co-heiress of William Weston Hugeson, -Esquire, of Provender, in the parish of Norton, county of Kent. - -In 1781, Mr. Banks was honored by his Sovereign with a baronetcy; as he -was some years afterwards, by being created a Knight of the Bath, and -sworn one of his Majesty’s Honorable Privy Counsel. - -Sir Joseph was re-elected to the Presidency of the Royal Society, for -several years, with an unanimous feeling; but the jealousies of some -members of splendid and commanding talents began to be developed. It was -charged against him, that in the recommendation of candidates, he bowed -rather to the pretensions of rank, than to the unobtrusive, but undoubted -claims of eminent ability. This feeling so far extended itself, that in -1784, a dignitary of the church, distinguished for his mathematical -learning, threatened a secession in the following terms:—“If other -remedies fail, we can at least secede. When the hour of secession comes, -the President will be left with his train of feeble amateurs, and that -toy upon the table, the ghost of that society in which Philosophy once -reigned, and Newton presided as her minister.” The very temper of this -burst of eloquence is a proof of the causes of the schism. The pride of -genius was opposed to the pride of rank, and the conflict was as -obstinate as it was violent. The President maintained his position -firmly, and he lived to behold that intimate union which ought ever to -exist between the patrons and the votaries of learning. - -Beside devoting his attention to the duties of the chair of the Royal -Society, Sir Joseph became an active member of all the public societies -of the day; and to his care in a great degree the African Association -owes its origin. He also liberally encouraged and assisted those who -undertook voyages or travels of discovery. In his attentions to the -breeding of sheep and cattle, and to the improvements in husbandry, he -gave many instances of scientific patriotism; and to his exertions may be -attributed the drainage of the Fens in the immediate vicinity of Revesby. -To the Horticultural society, which he assisted in forming, he was a -contributor of several papers. In politics he took no ostensible part, -and had not even a seat in parliament. - -During the latter years of his life, Sir Joseph was so severely afflicted -with the gout, as to be deprived of the use of his lower extremities, and -consequently unable to take his accustomed exercise. In 1817 he was by -death deprived of his sister, a loss which he severely felt. In April, -1820, in consequence of increasing debility, he expressed a wish to -resign his office of President of the Royal Society, but this resignation -the society were unwilling to accept of, and he continued to hold the -office until his death, which took place on the 19th of the following -month. His remains were interred in the church yard at Heston. Having -no issue, his title is extinct. After the death of his widow, his -estates in Lincolnshire go to the Honorable James Hamilton Stanhope, and -Sir Henry Hawley, Baronet; the remainder of his estates to Sir Edward -Knatchbull, Baronet. His valuable and extensive library he bequeathed to -the British Museum. - - - - -KIRKSTEAD. - - -KIRKSTEAD, anciently called Cristed, is situated on the east bank of the -Witham, in the hundred of Gartree, and is about three miles distant from -Tattershall, and eight from Horncastle. Formerly it was a hamlet of -Kirkby super Bane, but for many years it has been considered as a -separate parish. - -The manor, with that of Tattershall, was among the several estates given -by the conqueror to Eudo, one of his Norman followers. His son Hugh fitz -Eudo, called the Breton, founded a Cistertian Abbey here in 1139, and -endowed it with his possessions in this place. Afterwards the monks, -considering the situation unhealthy, petitioned Robert, the son of the -founder, to allow them to remove the abbey to some other place; but -though they obtained permission, yet it does not appear that the affair -was proceeded in any further. The abbey had subsequently many -benefactors, and acquired very extensive possessions. - -At the dissolution of religious houses, the Kirkstead estate was given by -Henry the eighth, to Charles Duke of Suffolk; and on the division of his -estates after the death of his two sons, who survived him but a short -time, it reverted to the king as one of the heirs general of the family, -and was subsequently given to Lord Clinton and Saye, afterwards Earl of -Lincoln. This estate descended to Mr. Daniel Disney, in right of his -wife Catherine, the youngest daughter of Henry Fynes Clinton, Esquire, -and grand-daughter of the second Earl of Lincoln. In the year 1792 it -was sold by Mr. Disney Fytch, grandson of Mr. Daniel Disney, to the -present possessor, Richard Ellison, Esquire, of Sudbroke Holme, near -Lincoln. - -Of the Abbey a small ruin only remains: but from a plate of “The -Ichnography of the Monastery of Kirsted Linc.” in Stukeley’s Itinerarium -Curiosum, the buildings appear to have been extensive. - -South of the ruin of the Abbey is the Chapel, a very curious building, -which according to tradition was built previous to the monastery. It is -of early English architecture, having lancet windows at the sides and -east end, and an ox-eye window over the entrance at the west end. The -roof is beautifully groined, the ribs springing from corbel tables; and -against the south wall on the inside, is a rude figure in stone of a -knight templar, with the front part of his helmet in the shape of a -cross. For many years the roof of this building was covered with thatch, -but in 1790 it was removed and a covering of tiles substituted. At that -time also the bell, which had previously hung in a tree, was placed over -the west end of the building. - - [Picture: Kirkstead Chapel] - -This chapel is a donative of exempt jurisdiction, but appears to have had -no stipend for the officiating minister until it came into the possession -of Mr. Daniel Disney, who being a presbyterian, appointed a minister of -that persuasion to perform service there, with a salary of £30. per -annum. {82} In order that the tenets which he professed might not want -support in his parish, in 1720 he settled certain lands upon five -trustees, the profits of which were to be applied to the maintenance of a -presbyterian minister at this place. This gift he afterwards confirmed -by his will in 1732, and in addition, bequeathed to the trustees the use -of the chapel and chapel ground for the same purpose. On the death or -alienation of the minister, the trustees were to present the names of two -to the lord of the manor, who was to appoint one of them, and on his -neglect or refusal, the trustees themselves were to make the appointment. -Ministers continued to be nominated by the prescribed form until the -death of Mr. Dunkley, who had for many years received the bequeathed -stipend, and whose demise took place in 1794. On that occasion the -present owner of the manor took possession of the estates which had been -conveyed to the trustees, and appointed to the chapel a minister of the -Church of England, paying him £30. per annum. The trustees recovered -possession of the estates, by an action of ejectment, tried at Lincoln -summer assizes, 1812; but not of the chapel. A new chapel was erected -and the presbyterian form of worship re-established here in 1822. - -This village gave birth to the celebrated monk Hugh de Kirkstead, who is -styled by Fuller “a Benedictine Cistertian Bernardine Monk, or, as it may -be termed a treble refined Christian.” He, and Serlo, one of his own -order, joined in composing a chronicle of the Cistertians from their -first arrival in England in 1131, to their own time, about 1210. - -In the fourteenth volume of the “Archeologia of the Society of -Antiquaries” is an engraving of an ancient iron candlestick of a very -singular construction, six of which were found in cleaning the bed of the -river Witham near this place. - -This village contained, according to the returns of 1821, 24 houses and -132 inhabitants. - - - - -TATTERSHALL. - - -SITUATION. - - -TATTERSHALL or Tateshall is a small market town in the wapentake of -Gartree. It is situated on the banks of the river Bane, near its -junction with the river Witham, and is distant nine miles south west from -Horncastle. It is a place of considerable antiquity, having been a Roman -military station; traces of two encampments of that warlike people being -still visible, at a short distance from the town, in a place called -Tattershall park. Several Roman coins have also been found in different -parts of the parish. - - - -THE MANOR. - - -Shortly after the conquest, the lordship of Tattershall, together with -the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe, and several other estates, was given by -King William to Eudo and Pinço, two Norman nobles, who had attended him -into England, but who, though sworn brothers in war, were not otherwise -related. On the division of the estates between these chieftains, this -manor became the property of Eudo, who fixed his residence here. Upon -his death his estates descended to his son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, who, in the -year 1139, founded an abbey for Cistertian monks at the neighbouring -village of Kirkstead. - -Hugh was succeeded by his son Robert, who left issue a son named Philip. -Philip, after serving the office of sheriff of Berkshire in the seventh -year of the reign of Richard the second, and also of Lincolnshire in the -eighth, ninth, and tenth years of the same king, was succeeded by his son -Robert, the second of that name, who, in the year 1201, procured from -King John, by means of a present of a well-trained goshawk, a grant to -hold a weekly market on Thursday, on this manor. Robert was followed by -his son of the same name, who about the year 1230, obtained from Henry -the third a licence to build a castle at this place, together with a -grant of free warren in all his demesne lands. The male line of Eudo was -continued in regular descent, by Robert the fourth, fifth, sixth, and -seventh; upon the death of the latter of whom in his minority, it became -extinct, and the inheritance was divided between his three sisters. -Tattershall became the portion of Joan, one of the co-heiresses, who -married Sir Robert Driby, and who had issue by him a daughter and heiress -Alice, afterwards married to Sir William Bernack. John, the son of this -latter marriage, was succeeded by William, who died a minor, and left his -sister Maud his heiress. - -The Fitz Eudos, from the place, assumed the cognomen of Tateshall, and by -that title had summons to parliament among the great barons of the realm. - -Maud, the heiress of the Bernack family, married Sir Ralph, afterwards -Lord Cromwell, who, in her right, became lord of this manor; and upon his -death, which happened on the twenty-seventh day of August, in the year -1398, left his son Ralph his heir, who died in 1416, and was succeeded by -a son of the same name. In the year 1433, this latter Ralph was by Henry -the sixth appointed Treasurer of the Exchequer. He died without issue on -the fourth of January, 1455; whereby his two nieces, the daughters of his -sister, the wife of Sir Richard Stanhope, became his co-heiresses. - -It does not appear into whose hands the Tattershall estate fell after the -death of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, until the year 1487, when Henry the -seventh granted the manor to his mother, Margaret Countess of Richmond, -and in the following year entailed it on the Duke of Richmond. The Duke -dying without issue, Henry the eighth in 1520, granted it to Charles Duke -of Suffolk, by letters patent, which were confirmed by Edward the sixth, -in the year 1547. - -On the death of the two infant sons of the Duke of Suffolk, who survived -their father only a short time, this manor again came into the possession -of the king, as one of the heirs general of the family. By letters -patent, dated the fifth of September, 1551, Edward the sixth granted the -castle with the manor, in fee, to Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, -afterwards Earl of Lincoln. The Earl dying in 1584, was succeeded by his -son Henry, who died in 1616, leaving issue a son and heir Thomas, who -survived his father only two years, and was followed by his son -Theophilus, who died in 1667. The next possessor was Edward, who was the -grandson of Theophilus, and who died at Tattershall in 1692; in him -terminated the male line of the Clinton family. Upon his death, without -issue, the Tattershall estate became the property of his cousin Bridget, -who married Hugh Fortescue, Esquire, by whom she had a son and heir Hugh, -created in 1746, Baron Fortescue, and Earl Clinton. Upon his death in -1751, his half brother Matthew succeeded him, but dying in 1785, the -Tattershall estate descended to his eldest son, Earl Fortescue, the -present possessor. - -Besides the liberties of the parks, chases and free warrens, belonging to -the castle and manor of Tattershall, it also appears in the several -grants of Henry the third, Henry the fourth, Henry the seventh, Henry the -eighth, and in the grant of the liberties of Richmond fee, whereof the -castle and manor of Tattershall is a part, that to the said castle and -manor also belong the liberties of stallage, tolls of markets and fairs, -together with the privilege for all tenants and inhabitants of -Tattershall to be discharged of any tolls in fairs and markets abroad; -also the sole liberties of fishing, fowling, hawking, and hunting, in all -the said manor, chases and the precincts of them; also suits of courts -baron, waifs, estrays, treasure trove, goods and chattels of felons, -fugitives, men outlawed, and felones de se, deodands, bondmen, villains, -with their sequels; and also that neither the sheriff of the county, nor -his bailiff shall arrest within the said manor, and that no distress -taken therein shall be delivered, nor replevins granted by the sheriff, -but only by the steward of the lord of the said manor. - - - -THE CASTLE. - - -About two hundred and fifty yards south-west of the town stands the -remains of the castle, a stately edifice, erected by the Lord Treasurer -Cromwell, about the year 1440. - -William of Worcester states, that the Lord Treasurer expended in building -the principal and other towers of this castle above four thousand marks; -his household there consisted of one hundred persons, and his suite, when -he rode to London, commonly of one hundred and twenty horsemen; and his -annual expenditure was about £5000. {86} - -This castle was originally intended as a place of defence, and was -surrounded by two fosses, the inner one faced with brick, great part of -which is now remaining. Formerly it was of great extent, but was -dilapidated in the civil wars between the unfortunate Charles the first -and his parliament: for the damages thereby sustained, Theophilus, fourth -Earl of Lincoln, petitioned parliament in the year 1649. - -The part now remaining, is a rectangular brick tower of exquisite -workmanship, about one hundred feet in height, divided into four stories, -and flanked by four octagonal turrets; and is raised on ponderous arches, -forming spacious vaults, which extend through the angles of the building, -into the bases of the turrets. {87} Under the crown of these vaults was -a deep well, which is now filled up. - - [Picture: South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground Plan] - -The walls are of great thickness, particularly that on the east side, in -which are several galleries and narrow rooms, arched in a curious manner, -through which communications were obtained with the principal apartments -in the several stories, from the great stairs in the south-east turret. -The east wall also contains the chimnies. - -The windows are of the pointed order, well-proportioned, and contain -tracery; those on the south, west, and north sides are large, and from -them the principal apartments received light; those on the east are -smaller, being designed to give light only to the rooms and galleries in -that wall. - -The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth story, where the -tower was covered by a grand platform, or flat roof, which, together with -the several floors, is entirely destroyed. Surrounding this part of the -tower are very deep machicolations, upon which, and part of the main -walls, is a parapet of great thickness, with arches, intended to protect -the persons employed over the machicolations. Upon these arches is a -second platform, enclosed with a parapet and embrasures; above which the -embattled turrets rise to a considerable height; three of them -terminating in cones covered with lead. The cone on the fourth turret is -demolished. - -On the ground floor is an elegantly carved stone chimney piece, -embattled, and ornamented alternately with arms, and treasury purses with -the motto “nay je droit.” - - _First Row_. - - 1. Ten roundels. - - 3. A lion rampant. FITZ ALAYN, or BELLERS. - - 5. Vairè a fesse. MARMION. - - 6. Ermine a fesse. BERNACK. - - 8. A bend and chief, CROMWELL, quartering a cheque and chief, - TATESHALL, impaling a fesse dauncette between ten billets, DEINCOURT. - - 10. CROMWELL and TATESHALL quarterly. - - _Second Row_. - - 2. Bendy of ten. CLIFTON. - - 4. DEINCOURT. - - 5. Three cinquefoils. a dexter canton. DRIBY. - - 7. Barry of six, a bend, GREY of ROTHERFIELD. - -In the point of the surbase arch of this chimney piece is the coat of -CROMWELL. - -Over this is another embattled chimney piece adorned with the following -arms and devices, in circles: - - 1. Treasury purse and motto. - - 2. TATESHALL. - - 3. Saint Michael and the dragon. - - 4. Quarterly, CROMWELL and TATESHALL, impaling DEINCOURT. - - 5. CROMWELL quartering TATESHALL; crest, a helmet; supporters two wild - men. - - 6. Under an arch, a man tearing a lion. - - 7. A lion rampant. - - 8. Treasury purse and motto. - -Above, between these circles, are seven small shields, with these arms: -DEINCOURT, DRIBY, CROMWELL, one broken, CROMWELL, TATESHALL, and -DEINCOURT; and below seven purses. - -The two upper stories also contain ornamented chimney pieces, but they -are inferior to those described. - -From the top of the castle is a very extensive view of the surrounding -country. - - [Picture: Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle] - -Between the castle and the church stands an ancient brick building, -which, from the stile of architecture, appears to be coeval with the -castle, and is now inhabited. On the west of the castle is another -remain, apparently of the same date. Each of these buildings is situated -between the outer and inner fosse. - -The principal entrance to the castle, with its portcullis and towers, was -standing at the north-east corner of the enclosure, when Buck made his -drawing in 1726. - - - -THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH. - - -In the seventeenth year of the reign of Henry the sixth, a licence was -obtained from that monarch, directed to Ralph Cromwell, Knight, Henry, -Bishop of Winchester, Cardinal of England, William Alnewick, Bishop of -Lincoln, John Scroope, Knight, Walter Hungerford, Knight, Walter Talbois, -Esquire, and William Paston, patrons of the parish church of Tattershall, -in the county of Lincoln, empowering them to convert the said church into -a collegiate church or college, in honour of the Holy Trinity, the -blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Peter the Apostle, Saint John the Baptist, and -Saint John the Evangelist. The establishment was to consist of seven -chaplains, one of whom to be custos or master, six secular clerks, and -six choristers. The licence further authorized them to erect a perpetual -alms-house on their own ground, being parcel of the castle and manor of -Tattershall, next to the church-yard, containing ten acres, for thirteen -poor persons of both sexes; with mansion houses and buildings for the -said master, chaplains, clerks, choristers, and their servants; with -cloisters, enclosures, gardens, orchards, and all other conveniences; and -to assign the same to the said master and chaplains; who were to be a -body corporate, and have a common seal for the execution of all business, -with power to sue and be sued, and to purchase, receive and hold lands, -tenements, and other revenues, ecclesiastical or secular, to the value of -£200. per annum, over and above the advowson and yearly value of the said -church of Tattershall, and the houses and ten acres of land aforesaid, -without fine or fee to the king or his heirs. - -The Lord Treasurer, in pursuance of this licence, began to convert the -parish church into a college; but it appears that he died before it was -finished, as, by his will, dated a short time previous to his decease, he -bequeathed his body to be buried in the collegiate church of Tattershall, -until the whole fabrick should be re-built, and then to be removed into -the midst of the choir. - -The church was afterwards finished nearly as it remains at this time; and -mansion houses and other necessary buildings were erected for the use of -the foundation, as well as the alms houses mentioned in the licence. -Among the inscriptions in the MS. of Lincolnshire Church Notes, taken by -Mr. Gervase Holles, are the names of several persons who belonged to this -establishment. - -This college received several benefactions, and its possessions -progressively increased to a considerable magnitude. In the thirty-sixth -year of Henry the eighth, the whole was granted to Charles, Duke of -Suffolk, who at that time was possessor of the castle and manor. - -The church stands about eighty yards east of the castle, near the outer -fosse, and is a beautiful and spacious stone structure in the form of a -cross, consisting of a square tower, a nave with five arches on a side, -and eight clere-story windows placed in pairs, a transept, and a choir. -On the north side is a porch, on which are sculptured the arms of William -of Wainflete, Bishop of Winchester; formerly there were two porches on -the south side also bearing the arms of the same bishop; but these have -been some time since removed. Over the great eastern window is a richly -ornamented niche, in which a statue once stood: the wall above the -western door is likewise ornamented with thirteen blank shields. The -cloisters, which were on the south side of the chancel, are entirely -demolished. - -In the south wall of the choir are three stone stalls and a piscina, with -a cornice charged with various animals; on each side of the transept is -also a piscina. There is a handsome rood-loft between the nave and -choir, now used as a singing gallery. - -The windows of the choir were once enriched with beautiful stained glass, -which was removed in the year 1754, by the Earl of Exeter, on condition -that it should be replaced with plain glass: but this being neglected to -be done, the choir remained about fifty years with un-glazed windows; and -being thus exposed to the weather, the elegantly carved oak stalls, the -rich screens, and other ornamental work, fell entirely to decay. {90} -The choir has, within these few years, been repaired by the present Earl -Fortescue, and fitted up in a plain but neat manner. - -The windows of the nave and transept were also enriched with stained -glass containing the legendary histories of St. Guthlake, St. Catherine, -and other saints, a few fine fragments of which are preserved in two of -the transept windows. - - [Picture: Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South-East] - -On the floor before the communion table is a stone which once contained a -rich brass figure of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, habited in full plated -armour and a flowing mantle and cordon, the gauntlets reaching to the -middle joint of the fingers, a long sword across him from the middle of -the belt, and at his feet two wild men with clubs his supporters; by his -side the figure of Margaret his wife; and over them a canopy charged with -saints, and under them the following inscription in black letter: - - “Hic jacet nobilis Baro Radulphus Cromwell Miles D’ns Cromwell quo’dm - Thesaurarius Anglie et fundator hujus Collegii cum inclita consorte - sua Margareta una herede d’ni Dayncourt qui quid’m Radulphus obiit - quarto die mens. Januarij Anno d’ni Mill’o cccclv. Et p’dicta - Margareta obiit xv die Septe’br Anno d’ni mill’io ccccliij Quor’ - A’iab’ pp’ietur Deus Amen.” - -The whole of these figures, the canopy, and the arms are gone, and only -half the inscription is now remaining. - -On the north side of the Lord Treasurer, is the figure in brass of Joan -Lady Cromwell, {91a} under a canopy adorned with saints, and under her -this inscription in black letter: - - “Orate p’ a’ia Johanne d’ne Cromwell que obijt decimo die martij Anno - d’ni mill’mo cccclxxix cuj’ a’ie p’piciet’ Deus Amen.” - -On the other side of the Lord Treasurer is the figure in brass of Matilda -Lady Willoughby, {91b} under a canopy charged with saints, and at her -feet the following inscription in black letter: - - “Hic jacet d’na Matilda nuper d’ni Willughby quondam uxor Roberti - d’ni de Willughby militis ac consanguinea et heres illustris d’ni - Radulphi nup’ dn’i Crumwell militis fundatoris hujus collegii ac - specialis benefactrix ejusdem collegij que obijt xxxo die aug’ Anno - Domini Mill’imo cccclxxxxvij cujus anime p’picietur om’p’ns deus - Amen.” - -The corner shields from this stone, and also those from that of Joan Lady -Cromwell are gone. The canopies have sustained but little injury. - -In the middle of the floor of the choir is the figure in brass of a -priest, under which is the following inscription, in black letter, to the -memory of William Moor, the second provost of this college: - - “Vir virtute vivens Will’us vulgo vocatus - Hujus Collegii de Tateshale secundus - Hic Eboracensis fuit eccl’ie cathedralis - Sacre Scripture baccalaurius arte p’batus - Octobris dena mensis cu’ luce novena - Mil’ d’ni C quater I sexto continuat’ - - Moor micuit more mitis bene morigerat’ - Prudens p’positus et egenis semp’ habundus - Canonicus Rector et de ledenham specialis - Jam sub tellure fit vermibus esca paratus - Mente pia morit’ cujus corpus sepelitur - S’pus in celis ejus sine fine locatur.” - -A brass figure of a priest, about five feet long, with the figure of the -deity on his breast, and several saints down his robe, is now loose in -the choir. Mr. Gough, in his “Sepulchral Monuments,” describes this as -the figure of William Moor, and attached to the above inscription. {92a} - -On the floor between the nave and the choir is a brass figure much worn, -under which, though scarcely legible, is this inscription in black -letter: - - “Hic jacet Hugo . . . quondam . . . d’ni Rad’i de Cromwell Militis - d’ni de Tateshale qui obiit ultimo die Septe’bris A’o d’ni mill’mo - ccccxi cuj’ a’ie p’piciet deus Amen.” {92b} - -In various parts of the floor of this church are traces of brass figures, -which are now gone, one, in particular, against the door in the north -aisle appears to have been exceedingly rich. - -The south side of the transept is now partitioned off, and used as a -school, in which the children are instructed on the plan of Dr. Bell. - -The living is a donative, extra judicial, in the presentation of the lord -of the manor. It was once held by the Reverend Obadiah How, D.D. a man -of considerable learning, and the author of several theological -treatises; he died in 1685, and was buried in the church of Boston, of -which he was vicar. It was afterwards held for more than forty years by -the Reverend Michael Taylor, who died in 1730, and was buried in the -midst of the nave of this church. - -The college, which was situated on the north side of the church, is -entirely gone. The alm-houses still remain with a small endowment. - -An old building in the town, supposed to have been the parish chapel, now -forms part of a malting office. - - - -THE TOWN. - - -The parish of Tattershall contains about 1555 acres of land, and the -hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe about 2589 acres, the principal part of -which is the property of the lord of the manor. - -The town has derived considerable benefit from the navigable canal, which -passes through it from the river Witham to the town of Horncastle. A -fine bridge of three arches having been thrown over the Witham, in the -place of the ferry, with a turnpike road to Sleaford, has also -contributed to the improvement of the place. - -From a manuscript account of the diocese of Lincoln, taken in the year -1588, it appears that at that period Tattershall contained 236 families, -and the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe 68. By the returns made in the year -1821, it appears that the number of houses in Tattershall was 120, and of -inhabitants 627: Tattershall Thorpe, at the same time, contained 39 -houses, and 269 inhabitants. - -There are two fairs holden annually at this place; one on the fifteenth -of May, the other on the twenty-fifth of September. The market is now -held on Friday weekly. - -In the market place stands an octagonal column or shaft, which was once -surmounted by a cross. The cross has however long since been removed and -an urn substituted in its place. On three of the shields with which this -column is ornamented these arms are sculptured, viz. CROMWELL, CROMWELL -and TATESHALL quarterly, and CROMWELL and TATESHALL impaling DEINCOURT. -The arms on the fourth shield are obliterated. - - - - -TOWER ON THE MOOR. - - -ON an extensive moor, about four miles north of Tattershall, and about -six miles south west of Horncastle, stands the remain of a brick -building, called from its situation the _Tower on the Moor_. It was -built by the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, and is supposed to have been an -appendage to the castle at Tattershall, from which place it is plainly -visible, by reason of the flatness of the intervening country. {96} - - [Picture: Tower on the Moor] - -Of this tower only an octangular turret remains, to which fragments of -the walls adhere; it is about sixty feet in height, and contains winding -stairs of brick, now in a very ruinous condition. Traces of the fosse, -by which it was surrounded, are still visible. - - - - -GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY -OF THE -SOKE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD OF HORNCASTLE. - - -GEOLOGY. - - -ALTHOUGH the Soke of Horncastle does not possess much variety in its -geological structure, yet a considerable diversity is to be found in the -formation of the adjacent elevated country, called the wolds. On the -annexed map the denudations of the various strata in this district are -traced out, and distinguished by different colours: the order of -stratification is also exemplified by a section, of imaginary elevation, -but on the same scale as the map with respect to horizontal distance. -The section too shows a greater extent than the map to the east, where, -on account of the dip of the strata towards that quarter, it is necessary -to commence the description; although in point of distance it cannot be -properly considered within the prescribed limits of this work. - - [Picture: Geological Map] - -The tract of marsh land between the sea and the wolds, (No. 1.) consists -principally of unstratified clay, with admixtures of sand, and various -marine depositions. These circumstances, together with the old sea -banks, evidence that this mass of earth has been left by the gradual -receding of the ocean. - -On the west of these marshes is the rough elevated denudation of chalk, -(No. 2.) which forms the highest stratum of the wolds, and gently dips -underneath the marshes; for in boring in them for water the chalk is -always found. The chalk is of two colours, white and red, each lying in -regular strata, which alternate frequently, the red bearing but a small -proportion to the white. In the white, compact seams of flint, of a -light grey color, from two to six inches thick, are often met with. In -the chalk several extraneous fossils are found. - -The stratum immediately below the chalk, (No. 3.) is a coarse, brown, -pebbly sand, consisting of quartz and oxyd of iron, varying in thickness -from six to ten yards, and of uncertain appearance at its denudation. -While the different strata in these parts were exposed to the action of -the water, the sand would naturally be more affected by that element than -the superincumbent stratum of chalk; and the latter being thus left -projecting, would from the decomposing effects of the atmosphere, crumble -down, and form those various declivities which now present themselves to -view. - -Beneath the sand is a bed, about fourteen yards in thickness, (No. 4.) -containing equal proportions of oolite limestone and calcareous clay of a -light grey colour. In some parts the stone is divided by the clay into -regular strata, whilst in others it occurs in large detached pieces -imbedded in the clay. Fossil shells, and lumps of pyrites, or sulphuret -of iron, are frequently met with in the stone. - -The next stratum (No. 5.) consists of grains of quartz, for the most part -agglutinated into sandstone of different degrees of induration, and -varying in colour from a light grey to a dark brown, whilst in some parts -loose sand predominates. In the grey variety of this stone, marine -shells of different kinds, are found in great abundance: in the brown -they occur very seldom, and not at all in the sand. This stratum is -considerably thicker than the two incumbent ones. - -Beneath this is the shale, {98} (No. 6.) which generally makes its -appearance in vallies; but it no where exhibits a denudated termination. -On sinking a shaft in the parish of Woodhall, about six miles south-west -of Horncastle, it was found to be one hundred and fifty yards in -thickness. A great variety of organic remains are also found in this -stratum. - -Under the shale is a stratum of forest marble, which denudates about -sixteen miles westward of Horncastle. - -The last division to be considered is an alluvial collection of earth, -almost entirely consisting of the spoils of the neighbouring strata in a -state of decomposition, wherein however detached pieces of the different -strata are to be found unaltered. From this it appears that when these -parts were deluged by the water, the current set in from east to west. -As the chalk and the shale would present the largest surfaces to the -erosion of the water, they would be more extensively acted upon than the -other strata: hence the greatest part of the alluvial deposition consists -of white marle and blue; the former (No. 7.) being of the least specific -gravity, has covered the hills, while the latter with sand and gravel -(No. 8.) occupies the lower parts. - - - -NATURAL HISTORY. - - -In the department of Natural History, this district possesses but little -which is deserving of particular notice. - -Of BIRDS there are none which can now be considered peculiar to this -part, the drainage of the fen lands having entirely banished the great -variety of aquatic birds which used, previous to that event, to be found -here. - -The PLANTS, indigenous to this district, are very numerous. From a list -of several hundreds which are to be found in the neighbourhood, the -following interesting ones are selected. - - _Botanical Names_. _English Names_. _Where found_. -Arabis thaliana Codded mouse-ear Horncastle -Asplenium adiantum Black maiden-hair Tattershall -nigrum -Asplenium ruta Wall-rue Somersby Church -muraria -Atropa belladonna Deadly nightshade Miningsby -Borago officinalis Borage West Ashby -Butomus umbellatus Flowering rush Horncastle, Thornton -Carduus marianus Milk thistle Stovin Wood, - Kirkstead -Chlora perfoliata Yellow centaury Edlington -Chironia pulchella Small chironia Horncastle -Cistus helianthemum Little sunflower Scrivelsby -Comarum palustre Purple West Ashby furze-hill - marsh-cinquefoil -Convallaria majalis May-lily (double Highall Wood -fl. pl. flower) -Daphne laureola Spurge laurel Poolham -Digitalis purpurea Purple fox-glove Holbeck, Salmonby, -Drosera longifolia Long leaved sun-dew Tattershall -Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved sun-dew Tattershall -Empetrum nigrum Blackberried heath Moor -Erica cinerea Fine-leaved heath Ditto -Erica tetralix Cross-leaved heath Ditto -Galeobdolon luteum Yellow nettle Tetford Wood -Gentiana amarella Autumnal gentian Greetham, Hemingby -Gentiana pneumonanthe Calathian violet Tattershall-park, - Moor -Malaxis paludosa Marsh tway-blade Moor -Nuphar lutea Yellow water-lily West Ashby -Nymphæa alba White water-lily Ditto -Ophrys apifera Bee orchis Mareham-le-fen -Orchis conopsea Aromatic orchis Thimbleby, Edlington -Orobus tuberosus Wood peas Daw Wood -Oxalis acetosella Wood sorrel Tetford Wood -Paris quadrifolia Herb Paris Ditto -Parnassia palustris Grass of Parnassus Horncastle -Pinguicula vulgaris Butterwort Ditto -Polygonum bistorta Greater bistort Horncastle -Sanicula Europea Sanicle Stovin & Tetford - Woods -Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Baumber, Horncastle -Spirea filipendula Dropwort Bridle road to - Hemingby -Turritis hirsuta Hairy tower mustard High Tointon -Vaccinium oxycoccus Cranberry plant Moor - -MINERALS occur rarely in this part, and in very small quantities. Lumps -of sulphuret of iron in the oolite stratum; earthy oxide of iron and a -singular blue pulverulent mineral, which is a carbonate of iron -containing some earthy impurities, in a valley at Salmonby; and a -stalactitic oxide of iron in the ferruginous gravel; comprise all the -varieties which have yet been found. - -Although ORGANIC REMAINS are to be found in some parts of this district -in considerable quantities, yet they do not include many varieties. The -following list of those now in the possession of the author, comprises -one of almost every species which has yet been found. - - _From the Chalk Stratum_. No 2. - - Teeth of the Squalus or Shark. - - An Impression of a Vertebræ. - - A Terebratula subundata. - - A Terebratula subrotunda. - - A cast within some bivalve Venus. - - A cast within a Terebratula semigloboso. _Sowerby’s Mineral - Conchology_, 15. - - An Inoceramus Cuvierii. - - An Echinus. - - _From the Oolite Stratum_. No. 4. - - An Ostrea, curious and not named. - - A bivalve, not named. - - A piece composed of the Serpula auricula. - - _From the Sand Stone Stratum_. No. 5. - - Ad Ammonites, curious and not named. It is without a keel; else like - Ammonites inflatus. - - A Cardita. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 197. - - An Inoceramus. - - An Unio. - - A Terebratula approaching glaber. - - A Terebratula approaching acerminatus. - - A Lucina concentrica. - - A cast within a bivalve, not named. - - A cast within a Trochus. - - A cast within a Trigonia. - - A cast within a Venus. - - A cast within a Pecten. - - A cast within a Cardium. - - Several Bellemnitæ. - - _From the Shale or Clunch Clay_. No. 6. - - An Os Femoris of the Ichthyosaurus or Giant Lizard. - - Several Vertebræ of the same animal. - - An Ammonites, not named. - - A Venus equales. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 21. - - A Cardita. - - An Ostrea crista galli. _Linnæus_. - - An Ostrea under valve, with a cast of the inside of the upper valve. - - A Gryphæa bullata - - A Gryphites incurva. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 112, 1 _and_ 2. - - An Ammonites seratus. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 24. - - An Inoceramus Cuvierii hinge. - - An Unio hybrida. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 154, _fig._ 2. - - Several Unios. - - A piece composed entirely of shells, the chief part of which are the - Serpula auricula. It also contains an inside cast of a small turretted - shell. - - A Tellina. - - A Pentacrinite. - - A Mytilus. - - Several Bellemnitæ. - - _From the beds of Ferruginous Gravel in Alluvium of Shale_. No. 3. - - A Tooth of the Elephant or Mastodon. - - An Inoceramus Cuvierii. - - An Ostrea, with a cast of the upper valve. - - A cast of an Unio indistinct. - - A chama. - - A cast of Shell, not named. - - An Echinus. - - Several bellemnitæ. - - A Madrepore. - - An Alcyonium. - - An Astarte. - - A part of a Spongites. - - An impression of a Cactus, or an Euphorbia, or some other Oriental - plant. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 40. - - A piece of Wood similar to the Fossil Wood of Wooburn, Bedfordshire. - -In the valley at Salmonby, near to the spot where the earthy oxide of -iron is found, is a chalybeate spring, the water of which is of the same -nature as that of Tunbridge, but much stronger. - - * * * * * - - * * * * * - -Printed by Weir and Son, - Horncastle. - - - - -FOOTNOTES. - - -{4a} Taciti Breviarum Vitæ Cn. Julii Agricola. sec. xx et xxi. - -{4b} Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, p. 28. - -{5a} The Roman road from Lincoln to Horncastle did not vary materially -from the present road between these places. Another Roman way branched -from this road at the distance of about four miles from Horncastle, -leading nearly in a straight line to Caistor, and from thence to the -Humber: it bears the name of the _High Street_, and several tumuli are to -be seen on its sides. - -{5b} Leland’s Collectanea, tom 1, part 2, p. 509. - -{6a} Domesday, folio 339. - -{6b} Adelias de Cundi, was the daughter and heiress of William de -Cheney, Lord of Cavenby and Glentham in the county of Lincoln, at the -time of the conquest. By her husband Roger de Cundi, whom she survived, -she had a daughter and heiress Agnes, afterwards married to Walter, son -of Walter de Clifford, of Clifford Castle, in the county of Hereford. -Dugdale vol. ii. p. 336. Monast. Ang. vol. ii p. 646 a n. 50. - -{6c} Dugdale’s Baronage, p. 39. - -{6d} Hund. Rot. 19. Hornc. Wap. - -{7a} On the eastern boundary of the parish is a place called _Hangman’s -Corner_, where those convicted of capital offences in the court of the -manor were executed. - -{7b} Cart. Rot. 14 et 15. H.3. - -{7c} Hund. Rot. ut antea. - -{7d} Mag. Rot. 17. H.3. - -{8a} Cart. Rot 18. Ed. 1. m. 39 12. Ed. 2 no. 17. - -{8b} Pat. 14 Ric. 2. pars. 1 m. 3. - -{8c} Cart. Rot. 25 H. 6. - -{8d} Parliamentary Survey, made in the years 1647 and 1648. - -{8e} Robert Aldrich was born at Burnham in Buckinghamshire, educated at -Eton, and elected a scholar of King’s college, Cambridge, in 1507, where -he took the degree of M.A. afterwards became proctor of the university, -schoolmaster of Eton; fellow of the college, and at length provost. In -1523 he was one of those who were sent out by the university of Cambridge -to preach in different parts of the nation, as the judges now go their -circuits. In 1529 he retired to Oxford, where he was incorporated B.D. -About the same time he was made archdeacon of Colchester. In 1534 he was -installed canon of Windsor, and the same year he was appointed register -of the most noble order of the garter. July 18, 1537, he was consecrated -bishop of Carlisle. He was a correspondent of Erasmus, who termed him -when young, “blandæ eloquentiæ juvenis,” and appears to have associated -with him during his residence at Cambridge. Leland was his familiar -acquaintance, and gives him a high character for parts and learning. He -was the author of a volume of epigrams, and several theological -treatises. - -{9a} Cart. Rot. 16 Car. 2. - -{9b} Memoirs of Sir Edward Fynes Clinton, Annual Register 1772, -Characters, p. 2. - -{9c} Fenman’s Vade Mecum, Harleian MS. No. 4127. - -{11a} Clarendon, Rapin, and Hume. - -{11b} Ludlow’s Memoirs. - -{12} Vicar’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{15a} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{15b} Ibid. - -{16a} Intercepted letter from Sir William Widdrington. Rushworth’s -Collections, 8vo. edit. vol. v. 78. - -{16b} Ibid. - -{17a} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{17b} Ibid. - -{18} Some say this was a Captain Portington, who afterwards told -Cromwell that he aimed at his nose, when he hit his horse on the head. -Life of Cromwell. See also Ludlow, Vicars, and Hume. - -{19a} The road adjoining to Winceby field bears the name of _Slash -Lane_, where it is traditionally related great numbers of the royal army -were slaughtered, owing to their retreat being obstructed by a closed -gate. - -{19b} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{19c} Ibid. - -{20a} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{20b} This anecdote the author has repeatedly heard from several of the -old inhabitants of the town. - -{20c} October 11, 1643. - -{21} It is said accompanied by Sir William Widdrington. Rapin. - -{22} Dr. Stukeley has incorrectly described this fortress as a complete -parallelogram: Gough, too has erroneously stated it to have enclosed -twenty acres. - -{23} The Roman youth were first instructed in the game of Troy Town by -Ascanius, called also Julus, the son of Æneas, and from him the maze in -which it was performed took the name of Julian Bower. A very animated -description of this game is given by Virgil in the fifth book of his -Æneid. See also Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, p, 91. - -{26a} “Ecclesia de Horne Caster, & de Askeby, & de superiore Toynton, & -de Mering, & de Hinderby sunt de donac’oe d’ni Regis, & Osbertus Persona -tenet eas de dono Regis Ricardi.” Testa de Nevill. - -{26b} See the note in page 28. - -{27a} This shield is merely painted in a cavity where a brass has been -fixed. - -{27b} In the Harleian collection of manuscripts, in the British Museum, -is a volume of Lincolnshire Church Notes, taken about the year 1640, by -Mr. Gervase Holles, a native of Great Grimsby, and a representative of -that place in several parliaments. Beside noticing the above monument -and epitaph, it contains the following account of arms and inscriptions -at that time in this church, not a vestige of which is now remaining. - - _In Fenestra Insulæ borealis_. - - Orate pro a’ia Thomæ Coppuldike Armig. & D’næ Margaretæ Consortis suæ - fundatoris Gildæ Cantar . . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni. 1526. - - _In superiori Fenestra boreali Cancelli_. -G. a Lyon passant guardant Arg. -Sa. 3 Flowres de lize betw: 6 Crosses botony fitchy -Arg. -G. a Crosse sarcely Arg. Beke. - _In Fenestra Orientali Insulæ Australis_. - -Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam Fenestram fieri -fecerunt sc’æ Nenianæ cum sera et catena. Item sc’i Crispinus & -Crispinianus cum instruments Calcearis. - _Fenestræ borealis superius_. -Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or Dymoke. -Empaled. Or a lyon ramp. double queue sa. Welles. -Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw. 3 bulles Tourney. -passant sa. - -Empaled. Quarterly. B. a fesse betw. 3 goates heads -erased arg. - -Empaled. Quarterly. Argent a chevron gobony sa. - -Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. on a bend G. 3 roses arg. -Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw 3 griphons heades Tilney. -erased G. -Quarterly. Arg 3 bars G. over all a bend engrayled Ros. -sa -Quarterly. Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. - -Quarterly. Arg. 2 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of -flowres de lize -Quarterly Ermine and chequy or and G. Gipthorpe. -Arg. a chevron betw. 3. roses G. -Taylboys, &c. - _Fenestra Australis superior_. -G. a fesse betw. 3 waterbougets ermine Meres. -Empaled. Marchant’s Marke - -Empaled. Arg on a bend G 3 ferniers of the first - - Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri Frescheville de Staveley - in Com. Derb. Arm. [ex priore uxore sua Elizabetha filia Gervasii - Clifton de Clifton in Com. Nott. Militis] et quondam Uxor Gervasii - Holles de Burgh in Com. Linc. Militis, cui peperit Freschevillum - Holles, & Margaretum gemellos, & Franciscum Holles filium juniorem. - Obijt Horncastell. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241. - -{29} It is observable that Cromwell is here stiled the arch-rebel, -although at the time mentioned he was only a colonel, and by no means an -illustrious individual in the war. The date given to the battle is -wrong, it having been fought on the 11th of October; and the signal -defeat of the royalists is diminished in its importance, by stiling the -conflict a skirmish. - -{35} The same Act also empowered the commissioners of the river Witham, -in conjunction with the Horncastle and Sleaford Navigation Companies, to -complete the navigable communication between the Witham and the Fosdike -canal through the High Bridge at Lincoln. - -{37} “Horne Castelle, as far as I can lerne, is now most builded withyn -the Circuite of an old waullid Toune, or sum hughe Castel, as apperith -from divers Ruines of a Waulle. It hath one fair Paroche Chirch. -Alluitur Bano et Verino qui paulo infra op Banum. Dr. Thybleby of the -Queen’s College hath Landes aboute the olde Walles of Horn Castelle. -Warig risith of divers springis aliquot passuum millibus ab oppido. Pons -ibidem super Verinum flu. The market is very good and quick occupiers in -the town.” Leland’s Itinerary, vol. 7. p. 51. - -{41} Domesday, folio 339. - -{42a} Mr. Holles, in the Church Notes before quoted, mentions the -following inscription at this place, which now no longer exists: - - _On a Gravestone_. - - Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburgh, & Emmotta uxor ejus, qui quidem - Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii An’o D’ni 1476 quorum a’iabus - p’pitietur Deus Amen. - - The pictures of themselves upon the stone, & of ten children, all in - brasse. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 177. - -{42b} Mr. Holles. notices the following arms and inscriptions on the -bells in this church, the first of which are now gone, the latter still -remaining: - - _Fenes_. _Boreal_. _Cancelli_. - - Sa. a crosse betw. 4 cinquefoyles arg. - - _Campane_. - - [1] Sit nomen Domini benedictum. - - [2] Intonat e cœlis vox campana Michaelis. - - [3] Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata. - - Ibid. p. 342. - -{43} From the information of E. Turnor, Esq. F.S.A. - -{44} Mr. Holles notices the following arms once in this church, but now -gone: - - _Fenestra Australes Cancelli_. -G. 3 lyons passant guardant or England. -Verry a fesse G. fretty or Marmyon. -Argent a plaine crosse B. -Or a lyon rampant purpure Lacy. -Chequy or & G. a chiefe ermyne Tateshale. - _In Campanili_. -Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt. -with girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, & neuf or - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 244. - -{45} In the windows were the following arms when this church was visited -by Mr. Holles: - - _In Fenestris Cancelli_. -Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or Marmion. -G. a Crosse sarcely Arg. Beke -Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or, Dymoke. -Or a lyon ramp. double queue sa. Welles. -Sa. 3 Flowres de lize betw: 6 crosse crosselets -fitchy arg. -G. 3 bars ermyne Kirketon. -Barry of 6 or and sa. - _Fenestræ boreales_. -B. a lyons head erased betw. 6 crosses botony arg. Touthby. -Arg. 2 bars G. a border sa. -Dymoke each lyon charg’d sur l’espale with an Dymoke. -annulet -Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil or -G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg. La Warre. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. - _In Fenestræ australes_. -G. 3 waterbougets arg. Ros. -Or on fesse G. 3 plates Huntingfield. -Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty Rochfort. -Rochfort with a garbe in the 2d quarter arg. Rochfort. -Rochfort with an annulet in the 2d quarter arg. Rochfort. -Or a manche G. Hastings. -G. a bend ermyne Ry. -Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2d quarter Rochford. -arg. -Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne - _In Fenestra borealis Navis_. -G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg. La Warre. -Arg. on a bend G. 3 gryphons heads erased or - _In Campanili_. - - Joh’es Staines W. Jo. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 245. - -{47} The following arms and inscriptions, now gone, are noticed by Mr. -Holles, as being in this church when visited by him: - - _In Fenestra Australi_. -Empaled. Arg. on a crosse sa. - -Empaled. Arg. a crosse G. a bezant -Empaled. Arg. a crosse sa. - -Empaled. Quarterly arg. and G. on the 1st and 4th -quarters a popinjay vert. membred and beked G. - _In Fenestra Occidental ex sinistra Campanilis_. - -Orate pro a’ia Joh’is Tott, Agnet, & Helene uxorem ejus, & -specialiter pro Andrea Tott Artium Baccalaureo, qui istam Fenestram -lapidari, nec non vitreari fecit. - - _Sup Fulchrum ex p’te Australia_ -Quarterly Ufford & Beke Willughby, - 3 Crosses portate - 2 Chevrons betw. 3. roses - A crosse - A lyon passant - Domus mea domus Orationibus vocabitur. 1591. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 213. - -{48} By the following extract it appears that in the time of Mr. Holles, -the windows of this church abounded with stained glass, of which not a -single vestige is now remaining. - - _In Fenestris Orientali Cancelli_. -Quarterly. Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or Marmyon. -Quarterly. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned d’or Dymoke. -Empaled. G. a frett of 8 pieces d’or -Empaled. B. 3 garbes d’or -G. a lyon rampant d’or -Sa. a sword in pale arg. -Sa. 2 lyons passants arg. crowned d’or Dimoke. -Arg. 3 flowres de lize bet. 6 crosse crosselets Hillary. -fitchy sa. a border G. -Arg. a playne crosse G. -G. a playne crosse arg. - _Tumulus lapidus_ - -Hic jacet Anna fillia Thomæ Dymoke Militis D’ni . . . et Margaretis -consortis suæ quæ obiit Ao. D’ni 1462 &c. &c. -Empaled. Verry a fesse G. fretty or Marmion. -Empaled. Or a lyon rampant double queue sa Welles. - _In muro boreali eræ sculptum_. - -Orate pro a’ia M’ri. Joh’is de Croxby, quondam Rectoris istius -ecclesiæ, qui dedit annualem redditum xx_s_ annuatim impetuum, et in -secunda feria primæ hebdommadæ quadragessimæ habitantibus in -Conningsby sc’am formam evidentiæ suæ distribuendorum. - -This charity hath ceased for many yeares, the evidence having been -sacrilegiously stolne out of that monument within the wall, as by the -loosening of the plate of brasse may appeare. - _In Fenestra Occidentali Capellæ Orientalis_. -Orate pro a’iabus . . . Hatcliffe . . . Uxis suæ Fenestram. -Sa. 3 welles arg. bis Wellis. -Empaled. Sa. 3 welles arg. Wellis. -Empaled. B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon rampant Hatcliffe. -Sa. a sword in pale arg. -Arg. a fesse daunce betw. 3 talbots heades erased -sa. -Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa. -B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon rampant G. Hattecliffe. -Orate pro bono statu H. Wellis notoria publici . . . Hatcliffe uxoris -suæ et sequelis eorum . . . hanc fenestram fieri fecerunt A’no D’ni -1460. - _In superioribus Fenestris Borealibus_. -G. a cinquefoil peirced betw. 8 crosse crosselets Umframville. -d’or -Quarterly. Sa. a cross engrayled d’or . . . Willughby. -Ufford. - -Quarterly. G. a crosse sarcely arg. . . . Beke. -G. 3 waterbougets arg. Ros. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. -Arg. a crosse patonce G. -Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend engrayled B. -Chequy or and G. a chiefe ermyne Tateshale. -Ermyne a fesse G. Bernake. -Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend B. Crumwell. -Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or Dymoke. -Or on fesse G. 3 plates Huntingfield. -Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. -G. a crosse molyn arg. Beke. -Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty on the 2d Rochford. -quarter a garbe arg. -Quarterly &c. an annulet on the 2d quarter Rochford. -B. crucilly a lyon rampant arg. bis -Argent 3 shell snayles sa. -Dymoke Crumwell Holland -Quarterly France and England a label of 3 arg. -Quarterly France and England a label of 3 ermyne - - _In Fenestra Orientali_. - - Orate pro a’iabus fratrum & sororum Gildæ be’æ Mariæ de Cunningsby, - qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt. - - This is a fayre Window, adorned with the Genealogy of the Kinges of - Israel and Judah, David lying along through the whole bottome, from - whose roote branch out the several stems. In one part of it below - the Picture of King Edward the first, crowned, &c. &c. - - Edwardus primus regnavit annos . . . - - Orate pro Matilda de Padeholme, et Alicia - - _On a Gravestone_. - - Hic jacet D’nus Thomas Butler, quondam Capellanus Gildæ be’æ Mariæ - Cunningsby, qui obiit 10 die Mensis Decembris, A’no D’ni 1510. Cujus - aiæ &c. &c. - - _On another_. - - Pray for the Soule of John Smith of Cunsby sometimes M’chant of the - Staple of Calis, which died in the yeare of our Lord God 1470, & - Jonet his Wife which died the 24th Day of November in the yeare of - our Lord God 1461. - - And all good people that this Scripture reade or see - For theire soules say a Paternoster, Ave-Maria, & a creed for - Charity. - - On another the pourtraytures of a man and his two wives on either - side of him in brasse with this inscription vizt. - - Pray for the soules of Richard Whetecroft of Coningsby M’chant of the - Staple at Calice & sometimes Lieutenant of the same, & Jane & - Margaret his Wives, which Richard deceased the 23d day of November, - Ao. D’ni 1524. - - _In the Parlour of the Parsonage House_. - -Arg. a crosse engrailed G. betw. 4 waterbougets sa. Bourchier. -Quarterly & Quartered with Quarterly . . . Gules Lovayne. -billetty d’or a fesse arg. Crumwell and Tateshale -B. a manche d’or -Empaled. Sa. 3 lyons Passant guardant arg. Dymoke. -Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned d’or -Empaled. Dymoke -Empaled. Marmyon -Verry a fesse G. Marmyon. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. -Empaled. A coate defaced -Empaled. Welles -Empaled. Verry a fesse G. -Empaled. B. a manehe d’or - - All these Escocheons are in 2 Windowes, in which two Windowes also - are these Verses: - - Alme Deus cœli Croxby tu parce Johanni - Hanc ædem fieri benefecit sponte Jo Croxby - Anno Milleno quater. c. L. x. quoq. terno. - - _In the other Windowes_. - -Barry of 6 ermyne and G. 3 crescents sa. Waterton. -Quarterly Ufford & Beke Willughby. -Verry a fesse G. Marmyon. -Ermyne 5 fusils in fesse G. Hebden. -Arg. a crosse sarcely sa. -Empaled. Quarterly Crumwell & Tateshale Crumwell. -Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 6 billets d’or Deyncourt. -Empaled. Dymoke -Empaled. Welles -Sa. an arming sworde pile in poynte arg. -Empaled. Arg 3 bulls passant -Empaled. G. on a chevron arg. 3 pomeis -Empaled. Arg. a fesse dauuce betw. 3 talbots heads -erased sa. -Empaled. Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 178 to 182. - -{53a} Domesday, folio 354. - -{53b} Burton’s Monast. Ebor. p. 215. - -{54} The following arms and inscriptions, now gone, were in this church -when it was visited by Mr. Holles. - - _In Fenestra_. - -Arg. a plaine crosse G. -G. a fesse betw. 6 crosselets botony fitchy arg. charged -with as many mullets or pierced G. -Sa. a bend betw. 6 mullets or pierced G. Briton. - - _In the Church on a flat marble stone in Saxon Characters_. - - ICI : GIST : MARGARETA : DE : LACI : QE : FVLA : FEME : GWILLEAMA : - DE ; MOVSTE . . . - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 177. - -{55} Domesday, folio 331. - -{56a} Escheat Rolls. - -{56b} Cook C. Herald, MS. - -{56c} From the information of E. Turnor, Esq. F.S.A. - -{57a} Tupholme is not mentioned either in the Domesday survey or Testa -de Nevill. - -{57b} See the Charter in Dugdale’s Monasticon, p. 596. - -{59} The windows were formerly embellished with the following heraldic -bearings in stained glass, of which no vestiges are now existing. - - _In Boreali Fenestra Chori_. -Arg. 3 chaplets with roses gules Lascels. -G. 3 mascels argent -G. 4 fusils in fesse arg. a border engrailed or Nevill. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 140. - -{60} Lodge’s Illustrations, vol. ii. 191. - -{61a} Domesday, folio 331. - -{61b} In the forty-second and forty-third years of Henry the third, -Philip Marmyon had grants of a market, fair, and free warren, at his -manor of Scrivelsby. In the ninth year of Edward the first, he showed -that he had those rights, and that of gallows at Scrivelsby, with the -other privileges incident to one of the great barons of the realm; and -also right of free warren in the soke of Horncastle. - -{62} On account of the present possessor of the manor of Scrivelsby -being a clerk in orders, his son, Henry Dymoke, Esquire, was allowed to -perform the service at the coronation of His present Majesty George the -fourth, in 1821. The following is a description of the ceremony on that -occasion. - - Before the second course was brought in, the Champion, in his full - suit of armour, mounted on a horse richly caparisoned, appeared under - the porch of the triumphal arch, at the bottom of the Hall. Every - thing being in readiness, the procession moved in the following - order: - - TWO TRUMPETS with the Champion’s Arms on their banners. - - THE SERGEANT-TRUMPETER, with his Mace on his shoulder. - - TWO SERGEANTS AT ARMS, with their Maces on their shoulders. - - THE CHAMPION’S TWO ESQUIRES, in half armour, one on the right hand - bearing the Champion’s lance, the other on the left hand with the - Champion’s target, and the arms of Dymoke depicted thereon. - - A HERALD, with a paper in his hand containing the challenge. - - THE DEPUTY EARL THE CHAMPION, on THE LORD HIGH - MARSHAL, on Horseback, in a CONSTABLE in his - Horseback, in his complete Suit of Robes and - Robes and Bright Armour, Coronet, and - Coronet, with the with a Gauntlet Collar of his - Earl Marshal’s in his Hand, his Order, on - Staff in his Helmet on his Horseback, with - Hand, attended by Head, adorned the Constable’s - a Page. with a Plume of Staff, attended - Feathers. by two Pages. - - FOUR PAGES, richly apparelled, attendants on the Champion. - - At the entrance into the Hall, the Trumpets sounded thrice, and the - passage to the King’s table being cleared by the Knight Marshal, the - Herald with a loud voice proclaimed the Champion’s Challenge, in the - words following: - - “If any person, of what degree soever, high or low, shall deny or - gainsay our sovereign lord King George the fourth, of the United - Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, defender of the faith, son and - next heir to our sovereign lord King George the third, the last king, - deceased, to be right heir to the imperial crown of this United - Kingdom, or that he ought not to enjoy the same, here is his - Champion, who saith that he lieth, and is a false traitor, being - ready in person to combat with him, and in this quarrel will - adventure his life against him on what day soever he shall be - appointed.” - - Whereupon the Champion threw down his gauntlet; which, having lain a - short time upon the ground, the Herald took it up, and delivered it - again to the Champion. - - They then advanced to the middle of the Hall, where the ceremony was - again performed in the same manner. - - Lastly, they advanced to the steps of the throne, where the Herald - (and those who preceded him) ascending to the middle of the steps, - proclaimed the challenge in the like manner; when the Champion having - thrown down his gauntlet and received it again from the Herald, made - a low obeisance to the King: whereupon the Cupbearer, having received - from the Officer of the Jewel-House, a Gold Cup and Cover filled with - Wine, presented the same to the King, and his Majesty drank to the - Champion, and sent to him by the Cupbearer the said Cup, which the - Champion (having put on his gauntlet) received, and having made a low - obeisance to the King, and drank the Wine; after which, making - another low obeisance to his Majesty, and being accompanied as - before, he departed out of the Hall, taking with him the said cup and - cover as his fee. - -{63} In this inscription Sir Robert Dymoke is, by mistake of the -sculptor, styled _knight_ and _baronet_ instead of _knight banneret_. - -{68} “Vir illustris in consilio, strenuus in prælio, princeps militæ in -Angliæ, et in omni regno ornatissimus.” Wever’s Fun. Mem. p. 366. - -{70} The MS. vol. of Church notes, so often before quoted, contains the -following description of this castle:— - - “The castle of Bullingbrooke was built by William de Romara, Earle of - Lincolne, and ennobled by the birth of King Henry the 4th, who from - thence took his sirname. Heretofore it was a famous structure, but - now gone much to ruine and decay. - - “The towne standes in a bottome, and the castell in the lowest part - of it, compassed about with a large moat fed by springs. It is most - accessible on the south-west part, the rest being encompassed by the - hills. - - “As for the frame of the building, it lieth in a square, the area - within the walls conteyning about an acre and a half, the building is - very uniforme. - - “It hath 4 stronge forts or ramparts, wherein are many roomes, and - lodgings: the passage from one to another lying upon the walles, - which are embattled about. There be likewise 2 watch-towers all - covered with lead. If all the roomes in it were repayred, and - furnished [as it seemes in former tymes they have bin] it were - capable to receyve a very great prince with all his trayne. - - “The entrance into it is very stately over a faire draw-bridge. The - gatehouse a very uniforme, and strong building. Next within the - porter’s lodge is a payre of low stayres, which goe downe into a - dungeon, in which some reliques are yet to be seene of a - prison-house. Other 2 prisons more are on either side. - - “The building itselfe is of a sandy stone hewen of a great square out - of the rockes thereby, which though it abide the weather longe, yet - [in processe of tyme] it will moulder, especially if wett gett within - it, which hath bin the decay of many places of the wall where the - roofe is uncovered. - - “There be certaine roomes within the castle, [built by Queen - Elizabeth of freestone] amongst which is a fayre great chamber with - other lodgings. - - “In a roome in one of the towers of the castle they usually kept - their auditt once by the yeare for the whole Dutchy of Lancaster, - having ever bin the prime seate thereof, where all the recordes for - the whole countrey are kept. - - “The constable of the castle is Sir William Mounson Lord Castlemayne, - who receaveth a revenue out of the Dutchy lands of £500. per annum, - in part of payment of £1000. yearely given by the king to the - Countesse of Nottingham his lady. - - “One thinge is not to be passed by affirmed as a certaine trueth by - many of the inhabitants of the towne upon their owne knowledge, which - is, that the castle is haunted by a certain spirit in the likenesse - of a hare: which att the meeting of the auditors doeth usually runne - betweene their legs, and sometymes overthrows them, and soe passes - away. They have pursued it downe into the castleyard, and seene it - take in att a grate into a low cellar, and have followed it thither - with a light, where notwithstanding that they did most narrowly - observe it [and that there was noe other passage out, but by the - doore, or windowe, the roome being all close framed of stones within, - not having the least chinke or crevice] yet they could never finde - it. And att other tymes it hath been seene run in at iron-grates - below into other of the grotto’s [as their be many of them] and they - have watched the place, and sent for houndes, and put in after it; - but after a while they have come crying out.” - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 162. - -{71} The following arms and inscriptions were in the windows of this -church when it was visited by Mr. Holles. - - _In Fenestra Orientali Cancelli_. -G. 3 lyons passants gardants d’or a labell of Comes -3 each charged with 3 floures de lize of the Lancastr. -second -Empaled. Castile and Leon quarterly A label of 3 arg. -Empaled. France & England quarterly each charged with 2 - de lizes sa. -Or a lyon rampant purpure Lacy. -B. 3 garbes d’or Meschines. - Com. Cestr. -Quarterly. Sa. a crosse Ufford Willughby. -engrayled d’or Beke -Quarterly. G. a crosse -molyn arg. -Argent a fesse G between 3 bugles trippant -sa. - _In Fenestra Orientali ad dextram Navis_. -B. 6. lyoncels rampant d’or. 3. 2. 1. Longspeee. -Lancaster. -England, and France quarterly. -Lacy. -G. 3 lyons passants arg. a labell of 3 d’or, -each charged with a lyon rampant purpure - _In_ 1_ma Fenestra australi_. -B. 3 garbes d’or Meschines. -Chequy d’or & B a bend G. Clifford. -Quarterly arg. & G. the 2d & 3d charg’d with Spenser. -a frette d’or over all a bend sa. -Femina gestans in veste sex leones aureos Longespee. -erectos una cum leone purpure conjunctos Lacy. - _In_ 2_da Fenestra Australi_. -G. a fesse verry betw. 3 leopards heads Cantilupe. -jesant floures de lize d’or -G. a crosse molyn arg. Beke. -B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets d’or Deyncourt. - _In Campanili_. -Quarterly France, and England -Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. -Or, a chevron betw: 10 crosses botony sa. Slight. -Orate pro bono statu . . . Ducis Aurelie. Ad hoc Campanile . . . Ao. -r. r. Hen. -Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw: 3 martlets -sa. -Quarterly. Chequy or & G. on a chiefe arg. a -lyon passant sa. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 163. - -{72} Domesday, folio 351. - -{74} See the Charter in Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. i. p. 822. - -{76} Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, p. 28. - -{82} Dr. John Taylor of Norwich was one of the earliest ministers -appointed by Mr. Disney. He held his appointment from about 1715, for 18 -years, and at this place composed his justly valued “Hebrew Concordance,” -in two vols. folio. - -{86} Itinerarium, p. 162. - -{87} Gough, and others who have copied from him, erroneously state this -tower to be two hundred feet in height. - -{90} The principal part of the stained glass taken from this church was -placed by the Earl of Exeter in the church of St. Martin, Stamford Baron, -with some other richly stained glass, procured from the churches of Snape -in Yorkshire, and Barnack in Northamptonshire. - -{91a} Joan Lady Cromwell was one of the daughters of Sir Richard -Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell. She -married Humphry Bourchier, third Son of the Earl of Essex, who was -created Lord Cromwell, in the first year of Edward the fourth. - -{91b} Matilda Lady Willoughby was the other daughter of Sir Richard -Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell. - -{92a} Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii p. 179. - -{92b} The MS. volume of Lincolnshire Church Notes, notices all the -foregoing inscriptions, though not in a very correct manner. It also -contains the following account of inscriptions and arms in this church, -which are now gone: - - _In the upper ende of the Chancell_. - - Next under another fayre monument of blew marble [as the former] the - picture of one also inlayd in brasse, adorned rounde aboute with a - border of curious workemanship in brasse, with the pictures and names - of some prophets in the Old Testament, and of other saintes, and some - Saxon kinges, as Edmund, Edward, Etheldred, Ethelbert, there is noe - inscription, onely this ensuing escocheon upon either side of him. - - [Picture: Coat of arms] - - _On the north Side under a Marble_. - - Orate pro a’ia M’ri Joh’is Gigur baccalaur. Theologiæ custodis hujus - collegii, ac etiam . . . Collegij Marton in Oxonia qui obijt 12º.die - . . . - - _On the Wood Worke in the lower ende of the Quire_, _curiously carved - in capital l’rs this_,— - - Ad honorem & gloriam Dei opt. Max. & decorum domus ejus hoc opus - factum est Anno D’ni 1424. - - _In Fenestris_. - - The history of the passion depainted. In another Hell’s torments, - where are divers creatures bound together in a chayne; amongst whome - one with a crowne, another with a mytre on his head, the divell - tormenting them, and under them is written— - - ‘Sic affliguntur pœnis, qui prava sequuntur.’ - - The history of Hermogenes that raysed up devills, and of Guthlake - [the saint of the fens] and of Catherina, who cast them into the sea, - that Hermogenes and Philetus raysed. - - The history of Cosdre with his decollation. - - _In Fenestris ex latere Australi_. -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. Crumwell. -Quarterly. Crumwell with chequy d’or Tateshale. -and G. a chiefe ermyne -G. a lyon rampant d’or Fitz-Alane. -Arg. 3 cinquefoyles and a canton Driby. -Bendy of 10 pieces arg. and G. -Ermyne a fesse G. Bernake. -B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets d’or Deyncourt. -G. 10 annulets d’or -Chequy d’or and G. a bend ermyne Clifton. -Quarterly.—Crumwell and Tateshall -Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a Crumwell. -bend B. -Empaled. Arg. a chevron B. a file with -3 lambeaux d’or -Barry of 6 arg. and B. a bend G. Grey of Rotherfield. -Verry a fesse Marmyon. -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a -labell of 3 ermyne -Lozengy arg. and G. Fitz-William. - _Ex latere boreali_. -Empaled. Chequy d’or and G. a bendlet -B. -Empaled. Lozengy arg. and G. Fitz-William. -B. a crosse patonce arg. -Party p. pale G. and sa. a lyon rampant -arg. crowned d’or -Arg: 3 water-pots covered G. a border Monboucher. -sa. bezanty [ut opinor.] -Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. over all a -bend B. -Empaled. Party p, pale G. & sa. a lyon -rampant arg. crowned d’or -Arg. a chevron betw: 3 pots covered G. -a border sa. bezanty -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a -labell of 3 d’or -Barry of 6 arg. and G. a bend engrayled -d’or -Crumwell with a labell of 3 ermyne - _In Fenestris utrimq. supra portas Australem et Borealem_. - -Orate pro a’ia Radulphi nuper D’ni de Crumwell & Tateshale -Thesaurarij Angliæ, et fundatoris hujus Collegij. - - _The Roode Loft_, 1524 -G. a saltier arg. a file with 3 Nevile. -lambeaux B. -Lozengy sa. and erm. on a chiefe sa. 3 Wainflet -lillies arg. Ep’us Wint. - - Wainflet Ep’usWinton cujus insignia sculptata sup. utranq. porticum - in saxo. - - Thomas Howard gen. & Beatrix consors ejus vitriaverunt fenestram - borealem in honore s’cæ Catherinæ, cujus passio ib’dm. - - Empaled. Arg. a chevron chequy d’or & G betw 3 flesh-hookes sa, - - Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 3 storkes arg. - - Arg. a chevron betw. 3 catherine wheels d’or - - Deyncourt sup. portam collegii. - - Sup. crucem in foro ville Crumwell & Tateshall paling Deyncourt & p. - se 3. - - _Gravestones in the Church_. - - Hic jacet Thomas Gibbon Artium Liberalium M’gr. Rector nuper de - Wiberton Socius & precentor hujus collegij qui obijt 16º. die mensis - Januarij An’o D’ni 1506 cujus &c. - - _Another_. - - Orate pro a’ia D’ni Henr. Porter capti quondam Socij Collegij de - Tateshall ac præcentor ejusdem Eccl’ie, qui obijt 12º. die Martij - An’o D’ni 1519. - - _Another_. - - Hic jacet Edwardus Okey nup. unus sex clericorum hujus Collegij qui - obijt 29 die Januarij An’o D’ni 1519, cujus &c. - - _In Insula Australi_. - - Hic jacet Ric’us English artium liberalium Mgr. socius ac p’centor - huj. Collegij & Vicarius Eccl’iæ de Burwell qui obijt 27º. die Martij - A’o D’ni 1522. - - _Another_. - - Orate pro a’ia M’ri Rob’ti Sudbury sacræ Theologiæ Baccalaureus nuper - Rector . . . ac quondam p’centor & socius hujus Collegij qui obijt - 19º. Decembris An’o 1482. - - _Under the arched worke of the Partition betw. the Chancell and the - body of the Church_, _this_, - - Orate pro a’ia Rob’ti de Whalley . . . hujus collegij qui hoc opus - fieri fecit A’o D’ni 1528. cujus a’ie p’pitietur Deus. Amen. - - _Within a Chapel on the North side_, _a fayre flat Marble_, _on which - this Epitaph_, - - Have mercy on the soule [good Lord] we thee pray - Of Edward Hevyn, lay’d here in sepulture, - W’ch to thine honour this chappel did array - With ceeling, desk, perclose and pourtrayture, - And paviment of marble long to endure. - Servant of late to the excellent Princesse - Mother to King Henry, of Richmond Countesse. - - _The Armes on the Gravestone are_ - - Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 boares heades couped, having so many - pomeis in their mouths; on the chevron a cresc . . . Hevyn - - Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 bulls heades . . . Hevyn - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 184–189. - -{96} “One of the Cromwelle’s builded a preaty turret caullid the Tour of -the Moore; and thereby he made a faire greate ponde or lake, brickid -about. The lake is commonly caullid the Synkker.” Leland’s Itinerarium, -vi. 58. - -{98} By some called _Bind_, by others _Clunch Clay_. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES -OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE*** - - -******* This file should be named 62327-0.txt or 62327-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/3/2/62327 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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