diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-30 20:50:30 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-30 20:50:30 -0800 |
| commit | a523b1140ccad2fb2abdb8f1f791384d67ec51a4 (patch) | |
| tree | 970353b46c8805b7dcb30c35a239af10cca07910 | |
| parent | 66058fe76f14aa24c83bf14c3481d7093b55ef7b (diff) | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-0.txt | 598 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-0.zip | bin | 10285 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h.zip | bin | 2112606 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/62156-h.htm | 870 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 124068 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/map_hr.jpg | bin | 558337 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/map_lr.jpg | bin | 210780 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p00.jpg | bin | 132598 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p02.jpg | bin | 136077 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p03.jpg | bin | 169256 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p04.jpg | bin | 121737 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p04a.jpg | bin | 134347 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p05.jpg | bin | 137148 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p06.jpg | bin | 183259 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/p07.jpg | bin | 183722 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/62156-h/images/spine.jpg | bin | 12991 -> 0 bytes |
19 files changed, 17 insertions, 1468 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7485d62 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62156 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62156) diff --git a/old/62156-0.txt b/old/62156-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6ba7438..0000000 --- a/old/62156-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,598 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of International Bridge Authority, Sault Ste. -Marie, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: International Bridge Authority, Sault Ste. Marie - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: May 17, 2020 [EBook #62156] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE, SAULT STE. MARIE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE AUTHORITY - SAULT STE. MARIE - - -The International Bridge Authority is a board composed of members from -the Province of Ontario and the State of Michigan. Its purpose is to -oversee management and operation of the International Bridge. - - For information, write to: - P.O. Box 317 - Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783 - - [Illustration: Sault Ste. Marie Bridge] - - BRIDGE FACTS - - Name: The Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge - Length: Total maintenance length from American and Canadian - approaches—2.8 miles. - Cost: $20,000,000. - Designers: Steinman, Boynton, Gronquist & London, New York. - Construction: Started September 16, 1960. Opened to traffic October - 31, 1962. - Width: 28 foot roadway between curbs, providing 14 foot - traffic lanes in each direction. - Tolls: $1.50 each way for passenger cars. No extra charge - for passengers. Canadian money accepted at par. - Height: Roadway is 145 feet above ground level at its highest - point. - Clearance: Bridge has 124 feet minimum vertical clearance above - low water in ship canals. - Weight: 125,000 tons of which 114,000 tons are concrete and - 11,000 tons are structural steel. - Colors: Green and ivory. - Speeds: Maximum 30 miles per hour. - - - - - FROM DREAMS TO REALITY - - -The ease of traveling through the Locks or over the St. Mary’s Rapids is -now taken for granted but the dreams of building these structures began -over a hundred years ago, just after Michigan became a state in 1837. - - [Illustration: Canoes crossing the river] - -Traveling from one side of the river to the other first began in canoes. -Bands of Ojibwa Indians would camp and fish at the rapids they called -“Bawating”, meaning rushing water. - -The rapids became a gathering point for as many as 50,000 Native -Americans each summer, for centuries. - -In the 1600’s it became a settlement for French explorers and fur -traders. - -Through wars control of the rapids went to the British in the mid 1700’s -and finally, a shared border with the United States in the 1800’s. - - [Illustration: Building a lock] - -As copper and iron ore were discovered in the western Upper Peninsula in -1830, ship traffic increased but had to be portaged over land at the -rapids. This difficult task eventually led to construction of the first -lock in 1855, and the second in 1871, a joint venture between the State -of Michigan and the U.S. Government. - -In 1880, the first land transportation over the river between the U.S. -and Canada was established with a railroad bridge. In 1895, the Canadian -Lock was completed. - -In 1943 and 1969 two other U.S. locks were built, one of which is -capable of carrying the 1000 ft. super freighters. - -From the 1880’s til the 1960’s the only forms of transportation across -the St. Mary’s River, between the two Saults, were ferries and the -railroad bridge. - -The inconvenience and delays of those days have been eliminated, thanks -to the International Bridge. - - - - - SAULT STE. MARIE - “Rapids Of Sainte Mary” - INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE - - - [Illustration: The bridge site] - -Nearly a decade of engineering study, legislative action in Lansing, -Washington, Toronto, and Ottawa, and the sale of bonds to finance the -project preceded construction of the bridge. Michigan Governor G. Mennen -Williams and Ontario Treasurer James N. Allen were the main participants -in groundbreaking ceremonies for construction of the bridge on September -16, 1960. - - [Illustration: Bridge piers under construction] - -Dr. Carl Gronquist of the consulting engineering firm, Steinman, -Boynton, Gronquist and Birdsall, designed the two-mile long bridge -supported on 62 piers that would cost $20,000,000. The Michigan State -Highway Department agreed to construct the Michigan approach to the -bridge, a project costing very close to $4,000,000, which was tied into -the Interstate Freeway system and financed 90 percent by federal funds. -The International Bridge Authority then proposed a bond issue of -$16,250,000 to raise the remainder of the money. - -The issue was divided into $8,400,000 in Series A bonds to be sold on -the New York market, and $7,850,000 in Series B bonds, all to be retired -within 40 years from bridge revenues. To facilitate financing, the -Province of Ontario bought the entire Series B bonds in one sale and -thus guaranteed a quick sale for the Series A bonds in the United States -bond market. - -The International Bridge was opened to traffic on October 31, 1962. - - [Illustration: Bridge span under construction] - - - - - Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan - Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - - - [Illustration: The completed bridge] - - - THE BRIDGE VIEW - -Located to the west of the locks and running parallel with the railroad -bridge, the International Bridge “takes off” from the U.S. side near the -campus of Lake Superior State University which overlooks the area from -the site of the former Fort Brady. - -As you enter the first archway, the world famous Soo Locks are visible -below. - -Further on, you’ll pass the International Boundary at the middle of the -Bridge. Off to the west you’ll see a series of 16 gates. These gates -control the water flow from Lake Superior down to the other connecting -Great Lakes. The management of this water flow is operated by the -International Joint Commission which makes determinations of gate -activity based on the various lake levels. - -Within the rapids area, produced by the water rushing through the gates, -there is a concrete berm, or wall, stretching about one quarter of a -mile. The berm was constructed as a joint operation by the electric -utilities of the U.S. and Canada. Its objective is to keep an adequate -water flow around Whitefish Island, a natural spawning ground for -salmon. - - [Illustration: The river below the bridge] - -Just beyond Whitefish Island is the Canadian Lock and then the power -canal and the hydro-electric generating station of Great Lakes Power. - -Approaching Sault, Ontario, there is an excellent view of the city’s -growing industrial complex with huge plants of the Algoma Steel -Corporation—one of Canada’s largest steel mills—to the west, and the St. -Marys Inc. paper plants to the east. - -The volume of traffic between the two Saults has more than quadrupled in -the first twenty-five years of operation. Some 2,234,000 vehicles -crossed the bridge in 1987, as compared to 415,000 vehicles carried by -the ferries during their final full year of operation in 1961. - - Published by Bill Davie, Trinity Productions. - - [Illustration: THE ST. MARY’S INTERNATIONAL WATERWAY BETWEEN THE TWO - SAULT STE. MARIES - from Photograph taken 1978] - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of International Bridge Authority, Sault -Ste. Marie, by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE, SAULT STE. MARIE *** - -***** This file should be named 62156-0.txt or 62156-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/1/5/62156/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/62156-0.zip b/old/62156-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 0fbf69e..0000000 --- a/old/62156-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h.zip b/old/62156-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 468f335..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/62156-h.htm b/old/62156-h/62156-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 4aa64b0..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/62156-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,870 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> -<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> -<title>Sault Ste. Marie, by International Bridge Authority—a Project Gutenberg eBook</title> -<meta name="author" content="International Bridge Authority" /> -<meta name="pss.pubdate" content="n.d." /> -<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> -<link rel="spine" href="images/spine.jpg" /> -<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/" /> -<meta name="DC.Title" content="Sault Ste. Marie" /> -<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> -<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> -<meta name="DC.Created" content="n.d." /> -<meta name="DC.Creator" content="International Bridge Authority" /> -<style type="text/css"> -/* == GLOBAL MARKUP == */ -body, table.twocol tr td { margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; } /* BODY */ -.box { border-style:double; margin-bottom:2em; max-width:30em; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-top:2em; clear:both; } -.box div.box { border-style:solid; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; max-width:26em; } -.box p { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; } -.box dl { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; } -h1, h2, h5, h6, .titlepg p { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; } /* HEADINGS */ -h2 { margin-top:1.5em; margin-bottom:1em; font-size:110%; text-align:center; } -h2 .small { font-size:100%; } -h1 { margin-top:3em; } -h1 .likep { font-weight:normal; font-size:50%; } -div.box h1 { margin-top:1em; margin-left:.5em; margin-right:.5em; } -h3 { margin-top:2.5em; text-align:center; font-size: 80%; clear:both; } -h4, h5 { font-size:100%; text-align:right; clear:right; } -h6 { font-size:100%; } -h6.var { font-size:80%; font-style:normal; } -.titlepg { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border-style:double; clear:both; } -span.chaptertitle { font-style:normal; display:block; text-align:center; font-size:150%; text-indent:0; } -.tblttl { text-align:center; text-indent:0;} -.tblsttl { text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; } - -pre sub.ms { width:4em; letter-spacing:1em; } -pre { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; } -table.fmla { text-align:center; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; } -table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; } -td.cola { text-align:left; vertical-align:100%; } -td.colb { text-align:justify; } - -p, blockquote, div.p, div.bq { text-align:justify; } /* PARAGRAPHS */ -div.p, div.bq { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; } -blockquote, .bq { margin-left:1em; margin-right:0em; } -.verse { font-size:100%; } -p.indent {text-indent:2em; text-align:left; } -p.tb, p.tbcenter, verse.tb, blockquote.tb { margin-top:2em; } - -span.pb, div.pb, dt.pb, p.pb /* PAGE BREAKS */ -{ text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:0em; clear:right; } -div.pb { display:inline; } -.pb, dt.pb, dl.toc dt.pb, dl.tocl dt.pb, dl.undent dt.pb, dl.index dt.pb { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left: 1.5em; - margin-top:.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; display:inline; text-indent:0; - font-size:80%; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; - color:gray; border:1px solid gray;padding:1px 3px; } -div.index .pb { display:block; } -.bq div.pb, .bq span.pb { font-size:90%; margin-right:2em; } - -div.img, body a img {text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em; clear:right; } - -sup, a.fn { font-size:75%; vertical-align:100%; line-height:50%; font-weight:normal; } -h3 a.fn { font-size:65%; } -sub { font-size:75%; } -.center, .tbcenter { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; } /* TEXTUAL MARKUP */ -span.center { display:block; } -table.center { clear:both; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; } -table.center tr td.l {text-align:left; margin-left:0em; } -table.center tr td.j {text-align:justify; } -table.center tr td.ltab { text-align:left; width:1.5em; } -table.center tr td.t {text-align:left; text-indent:1em; } -table.center tr td.t2 {text-align:left; text-indent:2em; } -table.center tr td.r, table.center tr th.r {text-align:right; } -table.center tr th.rx { width:4.5em; text-align:right; } -table.center tr th {vertical-align:bottom; } -table.center tr td {vertical-align:top; } -table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; } - -p { clear:left; } -.small, .lsmall { font-size:90%; } -.smaller { font-size:80%; } -.smallest { font-size:67%; } -.larger { font-size:150%; } -.large { font-size:125%; } -.xlarge { font-size:150%; } -.xxlarge { font-size:200%; } -.gs { letter-spacing:1em; } -.gs3 { letter-spacing:2em; } -.gslarge { letter-spacing:.3em; font-size:110%; } -.sc { font-variant:small-caps; font-style:normal; } -.unbold { font-weight:normal; } -.xo { position:relative; left:-.3em; } -.over { text-decoration: overline; display:inline; } -hr { width:20%; margin-left:40%; } -hr.dwide { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; width:90%; margin-left:5%; clear:right; } -hr.double { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; width:100%; margin-left:0; margin-right:0; } -hr.f { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; width:100%; margin-left:0; } -.jl { text-align:left; } -.jr, .jri { text-align:right; min-width:2em; display:inline-block; float:right; } -.pcap .jri { font-size:80%; } -.jr1 { text-align:right; margin-right:2em; } -h1 .jr { margin-right:.5em; } -.ind1 { text-align:left; margin-left:2em; } -.u { text-decoration:underline; } -.hst { margin-left:2em; } -.hst { margin-left:4em; } -.rubric { color:red; } -.blue { color:blue; background-color:white; } -.green { color:green; background-color:white; } -.yellow { color:yellow; background-color:white; } -.white { color:white; background-color:black; margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em; max-width:28em; } -.cnwhite { color:white; background-color:black; min-width:2em; display:inline-block; - text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-family:sans-serif; } -.cwhite { color:white; background-color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; - font-family:sans-serif; } -ul li { text-align:justify; } -u.dbl { text-decoration:underline; } -.ss { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; } -.ssn { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } -p.revint { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.revint2 { margin-left:5em; text-indent:-3em; } -p.revint2 .cn { min-width:2.5em; text-indent:0; text-align:left; display:inline-block; margin-right:.5em; } -i .f { font-style:normal; } -.b { font-weight:bold; } -.i { font-style:italic; } -.f { font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; } - -dd.t { text-align:left; margin-left: 5.5em; } -dl.toc { clear:both; margin-top:1em; } /* CONTENTS (.TOC) */ -.toc dt.center { text-align:center; clear:both; margin-top:3em; margin-bottom:1em; text-indent:0;} -.toc dt { text-align:right; clear:left; } -.toc dt.just { text-align:justify; margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; } -.toc dd { text-align:right; clear:both; } -.toc dd.ddt { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:4em; } -.toc dd.ddt2 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:5em; } -.toc dd.ddt3 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:6em; } -.toc dd.ddt4 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:7em; } -.toc dd.ddt5 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:8em; } -.toc dd.note { text-align:justify; clear:both; margin-left:5em; text-indent:-1em; margin-right:3em; } -.toc dt .xxxtest {width:17em; display:block; position:relative; left:4em; } -.toc dt a, -.toc dd a, -.toc dt span.left, -.toc dt span.lsmall, -.toc dd span.left { text-align:left; clear:right; float:left; } -.toc dt a span.cn { width:4em; text-align:right; margin-right:.7em; float:left; } -.toc dt.sc { text-align:right; clear:both; } -.toc dt.scl { text-align:left; clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; } -.toc dt.sct { text-align:right; clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; margin-left:1em; } -.toc dt.jl { text-align:left; clear:both; font-variant:normal; } -.toc dt.scc { text-align:center; clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; } -.toc dt span.lj, span.lj { text-align:left; display:block; float:left; } -.toc dd.center { text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -dd.tocsummary {text-align:justify; margin-right:2em; margin-left:2em; } -dd.center .sc {display:block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -/* BOX CELL */ -td.top { border-top:1px solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; } -td.bot { border-bottom:1px solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; } -td.rb { border:1px solid; border-left:none; width:.5em; height:.8em; } -td.lb { border:1px solid; border-right:none; width:.5em; height:.8em; } -td span.cellt { text-indent:1em; } -td span.cellt2 { text-indent:2em; } -td span.cellt3 { text-indent:3em; } -td span.cellt4 { text-indent:4em; } - -/* INDEX (.INDEX) */ -dl.index { clear:both; } -.index dt { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; } -.index dd { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; } -.index dd.t { margin-left:6em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; } -.index dt.center {text-align:center; text-indent:0; } - dl.indexlr { clear:both; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:20em; } - dl.indexlr dt { clear:both; text-align:right; } - dl.indexlr dt span { text-align:left; display:block; float:left; } - dl.indexlr dt.center {text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -.ab, .ab1, .ab2 { -font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; -border-style:solid; border-color:gray; border-width:1px; -margin-right:0px; margin-top:5px; display:inline-block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -.ab { width:1em; } -.ab2 { width:1.5em; } -a.gloss { background-color:#f2f2f2; border-bottom-style:dotted; text-decoration:none; border-color:#c0c0c0; color:inherit; } - /* FOOTNOTE BLOCKS */ -div.notes p { margin-left:1em; text-indent:-1em; text-align:justify; } - -dl.undent dd { margin-left:3em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; } -dl.undent dt { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; } -dl.undent dd.t { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; } - /* POETRY LINE NUMBER */ -.lnum { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left:.5em; display:inline; } - -.hymn { text-align:left; } /* HYMN AND VERSE: HTML */ -.verse { text-align:left; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; } -.versetb { text-align:left; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; } -.originc { text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -.subttl { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; } -.srcttl { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; font-weight:bold; } -p.lc { text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; } -p.t0, p.l { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.lb { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.tw, div.tw, .tw { margin-left:1em; text-indent:-1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t, div.t, .t { margin-left:5em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t2, div.t2, .t2 { margin-left:6em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t3, div.t3, .t3 { margin-left:7em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t4, div.t4, .t4 { margin-left:8em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t5, div.t5, .t5 { margin-left:9em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t6, div.t6, .t6 { margin-left:10em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t7, div.t7, .t7 { margin-left:11em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t8, div.t8, .t8 { margin-left:12em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t9, div.t9, .t9 { margin-left:13em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t10, div.t10,.t10 { margin-left:14em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t11, div.t11,.t11 { margin-left:15em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t12, div.t12,.t12 { margin-left:16em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t13, div.t13,.t13 { margin-left:17em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t14, div.t14,.t14 { margin-left:18em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.t15, div.t15,.t15 { margin-left:19em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; } -p.lr, div.lr, span.lr { display:block; margin-left:0em; margin-right:1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:right; } -dt.lr { width:100%; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:1em; text-align:right; } -dl dt.lr a { text-align:left; clear:left; float:left; } - -.fnblock { margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em; } -.fndef, p.fn { text-align:justify; margin-top:1.5em; margin-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; } -.fndef p.fncont, .fndef dl { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em; } -.fnblock div.fncont { margin-left:1.5em; text-indent:0em; margin-top:1em; text-align:justify; } -.fnblock dl { margin-top:0; margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; } -.fnblock dt { text-align:justify; } -dl.catalog dd { font-style:italic; } -dl.catalog dt { margin-top:1em; } -.author { text-align:right; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; display:block; } - -dl.biblio dt { margin-top:.6em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt div { display:block; float:left; margin-left:-6em; width:6em; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -dl.biblio dd { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; } -p.biblio { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -.clear { clear:both; } -p.book { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.review { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:4.7em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; } -</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of International Bridge Authority, Sault Ste. -Marie, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: International Bridge Authority, Sault Ste. Marie - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: May 17, 2020 [EBook #62156] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE, SAULT STE. MARIE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="International Bridge Authority, Sault Ste. Marie" width="598" height="800" /> -</div> -<h1><span class="ss"><span class="small">INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE AUTHORITY</span> -<br /><span class="smaller">SAULT STE. MARIE</span></span></h1> -<p>The International Bridge Authority is -a board composed of members from the -Province of Ontario and the State of -Michigan. Its purpose is to oversee -management and operation of the International -Bridge.</p> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">For information, write to:</p> -<p class="t0">P.O. Box 317</p> -<p class="t0">Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783</p> -</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p00.jpg" alt="Sault Ste. Marie Bridge" width="800" height="605" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div> -<table class="center" summary=""> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2">BRIDGE FACTS</th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Name: </td><td class="l">The Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Length: </td><td class="l">Total maintenance length from American and Canadian approaches—2.8 miles.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Cost: </td><td class="l">$20,000,000.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Designers: </td><td class="l">Steinman, Boynton, Gronquist & London, New York.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Construction: </td><td class="l">Started September 16, 1960. Opened to traffic October 31, 1962.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Width: </td><td class="l">28 foot roadway between curbs, providing 14 foot traffic lanes in each direction.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Tolls: </td><td class="l">$1.50 each way for passenger cars. No extra charge for passengers. Canadian money accepted at par.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Height: </td><td class="l">Roadway is 145 feet above ground level at its highest point.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Clearance: </td><td class="l">Bridge has 124 feet minimum vertical clearance above low water in ship canals.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Weight: </td><td class="l">125,000 tons of which 114,000 tons are concrete and 11,000 tons are structural steel.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Colors: </td><td class="l">Green and ivory.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Speeds: </td><td class="l">Maximum 30 miles per hour.</td></tr> -</table> -<div class="pb" id="Page_2">2</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">FROM DREAMS TO REALITY</span></h2> -<p>The ease of traveling through the Locks or -over the St. Mary’s Rapids is now taken for -granted but the dreams of building these structures -began over a hundred years ago, just -after Michigan became a state in 1837.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="Canoes crossing the river" width="800" height="582" /> -</div> -<p>Traveling from one side of the river to the -other first began in canoes. Bands of Ojibwa -Indians would camp and fish at the rapids they -called “Bawating”, meaning rushing water.</p> -<p>The rapids became a gathering point for as -many as 50,000 Native Americans each summer, -for centuries.</p> -<p>In the 1600’s it became a settlement for -French explorers and fur traders.</p> -<p>Through wars control of the rapids went to -the British in the mid 1700’s and finally, a shared -border with the United States in the 1800’s.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="Building a lock" width="800" height="582" /> -</div> -<p>As copper and iron ore were discovered in -the western Upper Peninsula in 1830, ship traffic -increased but had to be portaged over land -at the rapids. This difficult task eventually led -to construction of the first lock in 1855, and the -second in 1871, a joint venture between the -State of Michigan and the U.S. Government.</p> -<p>In 1880, the first land transportation over -the river between the U.S. and Canada was -established with a railroad bridge. In 1895, the -Canadian Lock was completed.</p> -<p>In 1943 and 1969 two other U.S. locks were -built, one of which is capable of carrying the -1000 ft. super freighters.</p> -<p>From the 1880’s til the 1960’s the only forms -of transportation across the St. Mary’s River, -between the two Saults, were ferries and the -railroad bridge.</p> -<p>The inconvenience and delays of those days -have been eliminated, thanks to the International -Bridge.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small">SAULT STE. MARIE</span> -<br />“Rapids Of Sainte Mary” -<br />INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE</h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="The bridge site" width="800" height="566" /> -</div> -<p>Nearly a decade of engineering study, legislative -action in Lansing, Washington, Toronto, and -Ottawa, and the sale of bonds to finance the project -preceded construction of the bridge. Michigan -Governor G. Mennen Williams and Ontario -Treasurer James N. Allen were the main participants -in groundbreaking ceremonies for construction -of the bridge on September 16, 1960.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p04a.jpg" alt="Bridge piers under construction" width="800" height="570" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div> -<p>Dr. Carl Gronquist of the consulting engineering -firm, Steinman, Boynton, Gronquist and -Birdsall, designed the two-mile long bridge supported -on 62 piers that would cost $20,000,000. -The Michigan State Highway Department agreed -to construct the Michigan approach to the bridge, -a project costing very close to $4,000,000, -which was tied into the Interstate Freeway system -and financed 90 percent by federal funds. The -International Bridge Authority then proposed a -bond issue of $16,250,000 to raise the remainder -of the money.</p> -<p>The issue was divided into $8,400,000 in -Series A bonds to be sold on the New York market, -and $7,850,000 in Series B bonds, all to be -retired within 40 years from bridge revenues. -To facilitate financing, the Province of Ontario -bought the entire Series B bonds in one sale and -thus guaranteed a quick sale for the Series A -bonds in the United States bond market.</p> -<p>The International Bridge was opened to traffic -on October 31, 1962.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="Bridge span under construction" width="800" height="567" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="small">Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan</span> -<br />Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario</h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="The completed bridge" width="800" height="591" /> -</div> -<h3 id="c4">THE BRIDGE VIEW</h3> -<p>Located to the west of the locks and running -parallel with the railroad bridge, the International -Bridge “takes off” from the U.S. side -near the campus of Lake Superior State University -which overlooks the area from the site -of the former Fort Brady.</p> -<p>As you enter the first archway, the world -famous Soo Locks are visible below.</p> -<p>Further on, you’ll pass the International -Boundary at the middle of the Bridge. Off to -the west you’ll see a series of 16 gates. These -gates control the water flow from Lake Superior -down to the other connecting Great Lakes. -The management of this water flow is operated -by the International Joint Commission which -makes determinations of gate activity based -on the various lake levels.</p> -<p>Within the rapids area, produced by the -<span class="pb" id="Page_7">7</span> -water rushing through the gates, there is a -concrete berm, or wall, stretching about one -quarter of a mile. The berm was constructed -as a joint operation by the electric utilities of -the U.S. and Canada. Its objective is to keep -an adequate water flow around Whitefish Island, -a natural spawning ground for salmon.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="The river below the bridge" width="800" height="589" /> -</div> -<p>Just beyond Whitefish Island is the Canadian -Lock and then the power canal and the hydro-electric -generating station of Great Lakes Power.</p> -<p>Approaching Sault, Ontario, there is an excellent -view of the city’s growing industrial -complex with huge plants of the Algoma Steel -Corporation—one of Canada’s largest steel -mills—to the west, and the St. Marys Inc. -paper plants to the east.</p> -<p>The volume of traffic between the two Saults -has more than quadrupled in the first twenty-five -years of operation. Some 2,234,000 -vehicles crossed the bridge in 1987, as compared -to 415,000 vehicles carried by the ferries -during their final full year of operation in -1961.</p> -<p><span class="lr"><span class="smaller"><span class="ss">Published by Bill Davie, Trinity Productions.</span></span></span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<div class="img" id="map1"> -<img src="images/map_lr.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="608" /> -<p class="pcap">THE ST. MARY’S -INTERNATIONAL -WATERWAY -BETWEEN THE -TWO -SAULT STE. -MARIES -<br />from Photograph -taken 1978</p><p class="center"><a class="ab1" href="images/map_hr.jpg">High-resolution Version</a></p> -</div> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in <i>italics</i> is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of International Bridge Authority, Sault -Ste. Marie, by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE, SAULT STE. MARIE *** - -***** This file should be named 62156-h.htm or 62156-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/1/5/62156/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ce88d41..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/map_hr.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/map_hr.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d0d98b0..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/map_hr.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/map_lr.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/map_lr.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 861f5fb..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/map_lr.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p00.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p00.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 2c2cbe9..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p00.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p02.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p02.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b05f2d6..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p02.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p03.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p03.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 612d9a0..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p03.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p04.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p04.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 5951596..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p04.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p04a.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p04a.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 96eea50..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p04a.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p05.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p05.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 21fda75..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p05.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p06.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p06.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ee9cd80..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p06.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/p07.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/p07.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 18c14b5..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/p07.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/62156-h/images/spine.jpg b/old/62156-h/images/spine.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 1a67ef6..0000000 --- a/old/62156-h/images/spine.jpg +++ /dev/null |
