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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Journal of Jacob Fowler - Narrating an Adventure from Arkansas Through the Indian - Territory, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, to - the Sources of Rio Grande del Norte, 1821-22 - -Author: Jacob Fowler - -Annotator: Elliott Coues - -Editor: Elliott Coues - -Release Date: May 3, 2020 [EBook #62018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JACOB FOWLER *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p>Transcriber’s Note: For the most part, we must assume that what was printed -is a verbatim transcript of Fowler’s appalling spelling, but a few corrections -for what appeared to be certain printing errors are detailed at the end.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> - -<p class="titlepage larger">I.</p> - -<p class="center larger">AMERICAN EXPLORERS SERIES.</p> - -<h1 class="gothic">Fowler’s Journal.</h1> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<p class="transnote">You can click the image for a larger version, if the device -you’re reading this on supports that.</p> -<a href="images/handwriting-full.jpg"><img src="images/handwriting.jpg" width="400" height="490" alt="" /></a> -<p class="caption">REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF JACOB FOWLER’S ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT. -THE ABOVE INCLUDES FACSIMILE OF THE ONLY AUTOGRAPH SIGNATURE OF MAJOR FOWLER, -THE NAMES OF HIS PARTY, ETC., ETC.</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - -<p class="titlepage larger">THE JOURNAL<br /> -<span class="smaller">OF</span><br /> -<span class="larger">JACOB FOWLER</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage"><i>NARRATING AN ADVENTURE</i><br /> -<span class="smaller">FROM</span><br /> -ARKANSAS THROUGH THE INDIAN TERRITORY,<br /> -OKLAHOMA, KANSAS, COLORADO,<br /> -AND NEW MEXICO,<br /> -<span class="smaller">TO THE</span><br /> -SOURCES OF RIO GRANDE DEL NORTE,<br /> -1821-22</p> - -<p class="titlepage"><span class="smaller">EDITED, WITH NOTES<br /> -BY</span><br /> -ELLIOTT COUES</p> - -<div class="figcenter titlepage" style="width: 30px;"> -<img src="images/flower.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage">NEW YORK<br /> -FRANCIS P. HARPER<br /> -1898</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller"><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1898,<br /> -by<br /> -FRANCIS P. HARPER</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> - -<p class="dedication"><span class="smaller">DEDICATED<br /> -TO</span><br /> -REUBEN T. DURRETT, A. M., LL. D.,<br /> -<br /> -<span class="smaller">NESTOR OF KENTUCKY HISTORIANS<br /> -AND<br /> -PRESIDENT OF THE FILSON CLUB,<br /> -<br /> -IN ADMIRATION OF HIS PERSONAL CHARACTER AND IN<br /> -REMEMBRANCE OF PLEASANT HOURS PASSED<br /> -IN HIS HOSPITABLE HOME.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION.</h2> - -<p>Jacob Fowler is an unknown author whose work -has never before been heralded beyond the private -circles of his friends, relatives, and descendants. The -editor of his Journal has therefore a man as well as a -book to introduce to the public. Being responsible -for the appearance of the latter in print, he will presently -say something on that score. But first let us -hear from Colonel R. T. Durrett, of Louisville, Ky., -the owner of the manuscript now published, who will -speak for its author:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Louisville, Ky.</span>, <i>Dec. 4, 1897</i>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Dr. Elliott Coues</span>, <i>Washington, D. C.</i></p> - -<p>I have your letter, My Dear Doctor, in which you -request me to tell what I may know about the Journal -you found among my manuscripts when you were my -guest last year, and which you have determined to -include in your admirable series of Western Americana. -I am sorry to have to say that I do not know<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span> -much of this manuscript or its author. The little I -know, however, will be cheerfully contributed to an -undertaking which is to place a Kentucky manuscript -from my collection among the publications which, -under your editorship, have added so much to our -literature of discovery, exploration, and adventure.</p> - -<p>The author of this Journal is Major Jacob Fowler. -His name is not attached to the Journal, and -does not appear on any of its pages in such a way -as to indicate authorship. Yet it is well understood -among his numerous descendants now living in Kentucky -and other States that he is the author. I obtained -the manuscript some years ago from Mrs. Ida -Symmes Coates, daughter of the late Americus -Symmes, now residing at her country seat near Louisville. -Mrs. Coates is a great-granddaughter, on the -maternal side, of Jacob Fowler. The manuscript descended -to her in a direct line from her mother, -Frances Scott, who was a granddaughter of Jacob -Fowler, and who had obtained it in the same way -from her mother, Abigail Fowler, the only daughter -of Jacob Fowler. The manuscript has thus come -down to us in a direct line, and is the unquestionable -work of Major Jacob Fowler.</p> - -<p>When Mrs. Coates gave me this manuscript she -remarked that although her great-grandsire was a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span> -very well educated man, he wrote a very bad hand, -and that I might be puzzled now and then in getting -at his meaning. I found this to be true, and would -not like to say that I succeeded in interpreting all of -his modern hieroglyphics. When I placed the manuscript -in your hands I felt sure that Lewis and Clark, -Pike, and Henry and Thompson, as well as other -explorers, had made you so familiar with the country -gone over by Major Fowler, that you could with -comparative ease master its chirographic difficulties. -In this I was right; but I do remember how, with -your constantly replenished pipe, you sat in my -library, and smoked and puzzled over this manuscript. -A distinguished host once assured his guest that the -more raw turnips he ate, the more water he would -drink, and that the more water he drank, the more -turnips he would eat. With a touch of similarity, -you smoked and read, and read and smoked, with -manifest indications of successful or unsuccessful interpretations -of the text, as your puffs were rapid or -slow. It might be hard to say whether you smoked -most or read most, but you finally mastered the -manuscript; and whether you did so by smoking out -the uninterpretable hieroglyphics, or got rid of them -by other means, does not matter. While a cloud of -smoke may not seem to be the best means of clearing -up the obscurity of a manuscript, it is the known result<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span> -here considered, if not the philosophy of its -action.</p> - -<p>Pioneers by the name of Fowler were early in -Kentucky, and some of them were the owners of large -bodies of land. In 1783, Alexander Fowler entered -10,000 acres on the Little Kentucky river; and in -1784, John Fowler, who was the first member of Congress -from Ashland District, located 1536 acres on -Brush creek and on the dividing ridge between Pitman’s -creek and Robertson’s run. I do not know -whether Jacob Fowler was of the family of these -Fowlers, but he was certainly akin to them in so far -as the love and ownership of lands were concerned. -Besides other possessions, he owned 2000 acres of the -site of the present city of Covington, Kenton Co., Ky. -He was one of the pioneers of what afterward became -the county of Kenton, before the city of Covington -was incorporated. A census of the male inhabitants -of this locality shows him to have been residing here -in 1810, with his sons Edward and Benjamin. Had -he been permitted to retain these Covington lands, he -might have become a multi-millionaire. His kind -heart, however, led him to become the indorser of -those who made a clean sweep of his fine estate. A -large double brick dwelling house, handsomely furnished, -in the midst of ample grounds, planted with -trees and shrubbery, flowers and blue-grass, went<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> -with his lands to pay the debts of others. Had he -written his name as indorser as illegibly as he wrote -the names of others in his Journal, there might have -been some ground for what lawyers call the plea -of <i lang="la">non est factum</i>, to clear him of liability. But such -was not the case, and his security for others swept -away his large estate.</p> - -<p>Major Fowler was born in New York, in 1765, and -came to Kentucky in early life, a fine specimen of -physical manhood, fully equipped for the office and -duties of a surveyor. His surveying instruments -were the best of their day, and elicited no little envy -from those who used the common Jacob’s staff and -compass, and chain of the times. He had the reputation -of being an accomplished surveyor, and did much -in this line for the United States government. His -surveying extended to the great plains and mountains -of the far West, before civilization had reached these -distant wilds. He was there when wild animals and -wilder savages were the only tenants of the wilderness.</p> - -<p>Major Fowler married the widow Esther Sanders, -<i lang="fr">née</i> de Vie, of Newport, Ky. She was of French -descent, and a lady of great beauty and accomplishments. -She made his home one of happiness and -hospitality. She sometimes accompanied him on his -surveying expeditions and bore domestic charms to -the tent in which they lived, as she did to the palatial<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> -mansion at home. She was a woman of fine business -capacity, who, when her husband was not at home, -attended to his affairs, and especially to his farm in -the suburbs of Covington. Here fine stock and -abundant crops owed much to her constant care and -supervision. The grapes that grew on the place were -made into wine and the apples into cider, in accordance -with the knowledge she had inherited from her -French ancestors. Her great-grandchildren of to-day -tell of the life of the camp, when she was with her -husband in his surveying expeditions. The tent floor -was nicely carpeted; a comfortable bed invited repose -after the toil of the day; dainty china, bright cut -glass, and shining silverware, handsome enough to -be preserved as family heirlooms by their descendants, -were used on the camp table. It was something of -Parisian life in the dreary wilderness.</p> - -<p>Major Fowler died in Covington in the year 1850. -His life as a surveyor and explorer in the West subjected -him to many hardships, but a constitution -naturally vigorous was preserved with care until he -reached his eighty-sixth year. He has numerous descendants -in Kentucky, Ohio, and other States, some -of whom occupy high social positions. Mrs. Coates, -to whom I am indebted for this manuscript Journal, -is, in the paternal line, the granddaughter of Captain -John Cleve Symmes, author of the “Theory of Concentric<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> -Spheres,” 12mo. Cincinnati, 1826, and great-grandniece -of Hon. John Cleve Symmes, a member -of Congress from New Jersey, who purchased of the -United States government that vast body of land -in the State of Ohio, lying on the north bank of the -Ohio river between the two Miamis. With the -knowledge and consent of her father, the late -Americus Symmes, she gave me the manuscript in -the belief that I would make some good use of it. -After thinking for a time that I would place it among -the Filson Club Publications, I changed my mind and -turned it over to you to be published. I think this -is the best use I could have made of the manuscript, -and I shall now wait with impatience until I see your -work published in the best style of Francis P. Harper, -and read your ample notes and comments, which I -doubt not will be after the inimitable manner of your -Lewis and Clark, your Pike, and your Henry and -Thompson.</p> - -<p class="center">Truly,</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">R. T. Durrett</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The MS. which I received from Colonel Durrett is -entitled: “memorandom of the voige by land from -fort Smith to the Rockey mountains”—and is the -most like those mountains of any I have ever undertaken -to overcome. My eminent friend does not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> -exaggerate the difficulty of deciphering the characters -which he aptly styles “hieroglyphics,” and which -have hitherto kept this writing a sealed book. The -text begins verso of the title, and ostensibly runs pp. -1-264, but pagination is once skipped and twice -duplicated. The folios may be called of square note-paper -size, nearly that of a small quarto book—8 × 6½ -inches for pp. 1-180, but larger, nearly 9 × 7, -for the rest. The ragged edges make exact measurements -impracticable, Father Time’s paper-mill having -turned out a deckel-edged product, so fashionable -nowadays. The sheets, of four pages or two folios -each, are gathered in 16-page packets, the outsides of -which are now much soiled—indeed, the rough, unruled -surfaces are all darkened with the dust of three-quarters -of a century, and the ink is faded to match -the same subdued monotone, except in places where -it recedes to the vanishing point. The writing is -upon both sides of the paper; and the whole effect, -if it could be facsimiled, would be a bibliomaniac’s -dream of delight.</p> - -<p>At first sight, this manuscript appears illegible; no -one can read it off-hand. Nevertheless, this writing -proves readable upon sufficient study of the alphabetic -characters which Fowler invented to suit himself, -like that classic old Theban Cadmus, or his -modern imitator, Cherokee Sequoiah. I managed to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span> -master it under the agreeable circumstances of my -visit to Louisville, to which my host on that occasion -has so pleasantly alluded in the letter printed above; -and after that my secretary also proved herself equal -to the task when she took the matter in hand to copy -for the press. There are hardly a dozen words in -which doubt attaches to a single letter, and probably -not half as many have proven altogether illegible.</p> - -<p>Fowler wrote a large sprawling hand, as may be -judged by the fact that only 174 of these small open -pages are required to print his 264 folios, with my -176 notes. He commonly conforms to the requirements -of dotted <i>i</i> and crossed <i>t</i>, but otherwise strikes -out for himself in the formation of letters. His most -original invention is an <i>r</i> which would puzzle Œdipus, -as it is always a careful <i>n</i>; most of his short-stroke characters -look alike in their resemblance to bends of the -Arkansaw river on a map, and his long strokes seem -as if they had been struck by lightning. The incessant -capitals are flourished elaborately, and not confined to -initial letters. Fowler is also fond of capping little -words, as if he thought they needed such help to hold -up their heads with big ones, and equally apt to begin -proper names, sentences, and paragraphs with lower-case -letters. This style of composition appears on -the printed page, which faithfully imitates every -peculiarity of the original which can be set with an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span> -ordinary font of type. The syntax is the sort which -has been happily called “dash dialect”—Fowler has -no other punctuation than the dash, excepting a -sporadic period here and there, usually misplaced, and -an occasional stab at the paper which is neither one -thing nor another, and may therefore be overlooked. -His spelling speaks so well for itself in print that little -need be said on that score. Its entire originality, its -effusive spontaneity, its infinite variety, will charm -the reader while it puzzles him, and make the -modern manufacturer of Dialect despair of his most -ingenious craft. Aside from sheer slips of the pen, -by which Fowler often misses letters, as in writing -“campe,” “caped,” “capped,” or “capted” for -<i>camped</i>, there is a particular point to which I may call -attention as the most characteristic—in fact, the -diagnostic—feature -of his composition. It is that habitual -omission of final <i>y</i> which makes the definite article -do duty for the third personal pronoun nominative; -and when this is followed by a misspelled verb simulating -a noun, some curious locutions result. Thus, -“the Road” stands for <i>they rode</i>; “the Ware,” for -<i>they were</i>; “the Cold,” for <i>they could</i>; “the Head,” -for <i>they had</i>; “the Maid,” for <i>they made</i>—and so on, -to the end of the book.</p> - -<p>But it is needless to pursue this alluring theme; the -reader may turn to the text which follows this feeble<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span> -preface so strenuously, and see for himself with what -a <i lang="fr">tour de force</i> our ingenious author managed to evade -what we now call good grammar. I have found -more than one reason for transferring this curious -copy to type with the utmost verbality, literality, and -punctuality of which the compositor is capable. In -the first place, it tickled my fancy so that I wished -others to enjoy the same sensation—for is it not said -that our joys are doubled by sharing them, as our -sorrows are halved by the same process? Again, to -prolong these pleasantries, I may say that I thought -this would be a good way to show that awesome -deference which I ought to feel for certain captious -critics of former works with which my name is associated, -whose green-eyed strabismus has seen me in -the light of entirely too good an editor—that is to say, -who have complimented me by their censure for making -my authors too intelligible, too attractive, and -altogether too readable, by the way I dressed them for -the press.</p> - -<p>So I determined to submit the pure text of Fowler’s -Journal to the discernment of competent critics of -literary wares, as well as to the lack of that quality in -fussy fault-finders, and let everybody see how some -manuscript looks when it is printed just as it is written. -I do not vaunt this specimen as unique in any -respect except the handwriting, a sample of which is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span> -reproduced. The article is much like others of Fowler’s -times and circumstances; it is only a little off the -average syntax and orthography of that period, with -a few more capitals and dashes than were then usual. -I know authors of our own day whose copy would -turn out a good deal like Fowler’s if the printer did -not fix it up for them. They are mostly the ones -who damn instead of blessing the artists of the art -preservative of arts. Few women, for example, can -spell quite like the dictionaries; fewer still can -punctuate properly; and fewest of all persons of -either sex in the world are those authors, even among -professional literarians, who would like or could -afford to see themselves set up in print exactly as they -write themselves down. There is said to be a day -coming when the secrets of all hearts shall be revealed, -the wicked shall tremble, and they shall say to -the mountains, “fall on us”—or words to that effect. -I cite the passage from early memory, not having the -author in hand, and have not verified the quotation; -but I will risk anything of that sort, provided the day -never comes when the secrets of the printing office -shall be revealed. I am at peace with my God, my -neighbor, and myself; but—I am an author.</p> - -<p>If we turn from the form to the substance of -Fowler’s Journal, and ask to see the bill of lading,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span> -curious to know what useful or valuable information -is contained in so singular a vehicle of conveyance, it -may be confidently said that this “prairie schooner” -is well freighted for a “voige” on the highway of -Americana; for the cargo is a novel and notable contribution -to our knowledge of early commercial venture -and pioneering adventure in the Great West. It -is simply a story of the trader and trapper, unsupported -by the soldier, unimpeded by the priest, and in -no danger from the politician. The scene is set in -the wilderness; the time is when pack-animals are -driven across the stage, before the first wheels rolled -over the plains from the States to Santa Fé; and the -actors have very real parts to perform.</p> - -<p>From the respective dates of Pursley, of Lalande, -and of Pike, whose several travels were among the -first if not the earliest overland from the United -States to the Spanish settlements, on the part of -American citizens—from the opening years of the -century to the 1821-22 of Fowler—various parties -were on the Arkansaw in what are now Kansas and -Colorado. But the records of where they went or -what they did? That is the question. Ezekiel Williams, -James Workman, Samuel Spencer, sole and -shadowy survivors of Coyner’s “Lost Trappers,” are -only uneasy spirits flitting from the Missouri to -Mexico and California in an apocryphal book, never<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[xx]</a></span> -materializing out of fable-land into historical environment. -Wherever other American trappers or traders -may have gone on the Arkansaw or even the Rio -Grande in those days, and whatever they may have -done, Fowler was first to forge another sound link in -the chain which already reached from Pike to Long. -The latter’s justly celebrated expedition came down -the Arkansaw and the Canadian in 1820. Pike -ascended the main river from its great bend to its -sources in 1806, the same year that his lieutenant, -Wilkinson, descended this stream from the point -where he parted from his captain. For the lower -reaches of the river we have Thomas Nuttall’s Journal -of Travels into the Arkansa Territory, during the -year 1819, and various other accounts. But I know -of no record, earlier in date than Fowler’s, of continuous -ascent of the river from Fort Smith to the present -position of Pueblo in Colorado. He meandered the -whole course of the Arkansaw between the points -named, except his cut-off of a small portion by the -Verdigris trail. One of his men, Lewis Dawson, who -was killed by a grizzly bear at the mouth of the Purgatory—and -who, let us hope, left that place for -happier hunting-grounds—may not have been the -first white American buried in Colorado soil; but the -record of a prior funeral would be far to seek. -Whose was the first habitable and inhabited house on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span> -the spot where Pueblo now stands? Fowler’s, probably; -for Pike’s stockade was hardly a house, and Jim -Beckwourth came twenty years after Fowler. The -Taos Trail from Santa Fé through the Sangre de -Cristo Pass to the Arkansaw at Pueblo was well -known to the Spaniards when Fowler’s party traversed -it in the opposite direction; but we have no American -itinerary of that passage at an earlier date than his. -When Fowler ascended the Rio Grande to Hot -Spring creek in the San Juan range, he followed a -Spanish road; but never before had an American expedition -been so near the sources of that great river -Del Norte, and not till many years afterward did any -such prolong Fowler’s traces upward. The greater -part of Fowler’s homeward journey from Taos to -Fort Osage will doubtless prove as novel to his -readers as it was unexpected by his editor. South of -the Arkansaw, his trail was neither by the way he had -gone before, nor by either of those roads which were -soon be established and become well known; for -he came neither by the Cimarron nor the Raton route, -but took a straighter course than either, between the -two, over Chico Rico Mesa and thence along Two -Butte creek to the Arkansaw on the Kansan-Coloradan -border. Again, when Fowler left the Arkansaw -to strike across Kansas, he did not take up the -direct route which caravans were about to blaze as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span> -the Santa Fé Trail from Missouri through Council -Grove to Great Bend; but went a roundabout way, -looping far south to heads of the Whitewater and -Verdigris rivers before he crossed the Neosho to -make for the Missouri below the mouth of the Kansas.</p> - -<p>This bare outline of the way Fowler went in twice -crossing the Plains, to and from the Rocky mountains, -suffices to show that, taken as a whole, it was -not only the first but also the last such itinerary -of which we have any knowledge; for if this route has -since been retraversed in its entirety, time has obliterated -all sign of such an adventure.</p> - -<p>Another point is to be scored in connection with -Fowler’s unique performance. The date is a critical -one in the history of the whole subject. That elusive -“Red river” which Pike sought in vain in 1806 was -only the year before Fowler found by Long to be the -Canadian fork of the Arkansaw, instead of that separate -tributary of the Mississippi which Long imagined -he was descending till he reached its confluence with -the same stream which the other detachment of his -party followed down. Just at the time when Long -had finished his exploration, and Fowler was leading -his people home from their wide wandering, the Santa -Fé trade was taking definite shape. Like every -other such enterprise, this one went through its tentative -stages of hesitancy and disconcert, before its final<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span> -organization as a regular industry; and if any year -can be named as that of complete equipment for the -business, it is that of 1822. Fowler was thus a factor -in the beginnings of a commerce which grew by what -it fed upon to the immense proportions it had acquired -when it was checked by the troubles of 1846.</p> - -<p>Whatever be deemed the merit or demerit of -Fowler’s work as a whole, viewed in the light of a -contribution to the history of Western adventure in -connection with the fur trade, I can attest the coherency -and consequence of the narrative now before us. -The author tells a plain, straightforward story, and -never fails to make it intelligible. He never loses the -thread of his discourse, never tangles it into an irrelevant -skein, and holds himself well in hand through all -the asperities he experienced. He is a reasonable -sort of a writer, if not a very ready one. I have had -little trouble in trailing him from start to finish, for -all that compass-points uncorrected for magnetic -variation, and distances chained only in the sensations -of a tired traveler, are not among the “constants -of nature”—especially in the mountains; and -I am satisfied that his route is laid down correctly in -my notes. The sign is a little dim here and there, in -some of the cross-country laps, but we never lose it. -Fowler had the good eye for topography to be expected -of a professional surveyor, and I only wish that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span> -some other persons whose peregrinations I have had -occasion to follow had exercised powers of observation -equal to those which Fowler displayed under -arduous exigencies of trade and travel.</p> - -<p>Thus far by way of introducing to the public the -hitherto unknown author of a new contribution to -Americana, which I hope may find that favor which -I believe it deserves.</p> - -<p>The task of copying Fowler’s Journal <i>v. l. p.</i> was -intrusted to an expert, Mrs. Mary B. Anderson, to -whom acknowledgments are due for the result. The -copy was made in my absence from home last summer, -during which the lady was left entirely to her -own resources in making out the manuscript; and -subsequent critical comparison of the transcription -with the original served mainly to show its beauty as -well as accuracy. The Index is also her careful -handiwork.</p> - -<p class="right">E. C.</p> - -<p class="smaller"><span class="smcap">1726 N Street, Washington, D. C.</span>, -<i>January 1, 1898</i>.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - -<h2>MEMORANDOM OF THE VOIGE BY -LAND FROM FORT SMITH TO -THE ROCKEY MOUNTAINS.</h2> - -<h3 class="right">thorsday 6th Sept 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out from fort Smith<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> on the arkensaw and -Crossing that River pased threw a bottom of Rich<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> -Land Well timbered and much Kaine<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>—thence over -Low Ridges the land poor and in some places Rockey—at -30 miles crosed the tallecaw<a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> a Crick about 150 -feet Wid Large bottoms on bothe Sides and at ten -miles farther Crosed the Illinios<a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> River about 80 yds -Wide and about one mile farther Stoped for the night -at Beens<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> Salt Workes—this is the Second night -Since We left the fort—the Workes one Small -Well With a few kittles about 55 gallons of Watter -make a bushil of Salt and the Well afords Watter to -boil the kittles about three days in the Weake Been -and Sanders Has permission of the govem [government] -to Worke the Salt Spring—the Sell the Salt -at one dollar per Bushil—from Heare We pased over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -Some High poor Hills Some valleys and Some -pirarie lands about twenty miles to a large bottom -Well Covered in parts With Caine and Well timbered—threw -Which We pased about Eight miles to -grand River or Six bull.<a name="FNanchor_6" id="FNanchor_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> this is fine bold Streem of -Clear Watter about 150 yd Wide Which We forded -but not Without Some doupts—the Watter Runing -With great force—about one mile above the mouth of -this River is the mouth of the virdegree<a name="FNanchor_7" id="FNanchor_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> a River of -about one Hundred yds Wide deep and muddy at the -mouth and up it to the Rapids about four miles -Wheare there is a trading House. but we Stoped at -the trading Hous of Conl Hugh glann<a name="FNanchor_8" id="FNanchor_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> about mile<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -up the <span class="smcapuc">VII</span> degree Wheare We Remained till the 25th -Sept makeing a Raingment for our gurney to the -mountains—Heare five of our Hunters Left us and -Went Home this Sircumstance much dispereted more -of our men—tho We Still determined to purced—and -on the 25th of Sept 1821 We found our Selves 20 men -in all<a name="FNanchor_9" id="FNanchor_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> and under the Command of Conl Hugh glann<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> -With mager Jacob Fowler Robert Fowler Battis -Roy Battis Peno george Duglas Nat Pryer -<span class="lacuna"> </span> Bono <span class="lacuna"> </span> Barbo Lewis Dauson -<span class="lacuna"> </span> Taylor Richard Walters <span class="lacuna"> </span> Ward Jesey vanbeber -<span class="lacuna"> </span> Slover <span class="lacuna"> </span> Simpson -<span class="lacuna"> </span> Maxwill <span class="lacuna"> </span> Findley Battis moran and Pall a -black man the property of mager Fowler we Head -thirty Horses and mules Seventen of Which traps and -goods for the Indean traid—and Each man mounted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -on Horsback—We Left the traiding House in the -afternoon—North 50 West about five miles to a Small -Crick Which Runs West in to the virdegree—the -Bottom between the Six bull and verdegree is High -and Rich Well timbered With Some Caine and is -about one and a Half miles Wide to the Hills—from -What We Cold Learn there is no Caine above this on -the arkensaw—We pased to day Some Pirarie Cirted -With Wood land Some timber on the Crick it Rained -Hard We Packed up our goods and Covered them -With Skins to keep them dry and Piched our tents -for the night—Conl Hugh glann Haveing Left us and -gon by the mishenerys,<a name="FNanchor_10" id="FNanchor_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> and to meet us Some -Wheare a Head—</p> - -<h3 class="inline">26th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early along the Road Leading to -the osage vilege<a name="FNanchor_11" id="FNanchor_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> threw fine Pirarie Lands a little -Rolling and Scirted With timber the ground is Black -and Rich and the vew the most delightfull We this -day maid 20 miles threw the Rain Which Continued<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -all day at night Camped on a Crick about 50 feet Wid -Runs West With an Extensive Beed of Stone Coal in -its bottom there is Some Wood along the Crick but -the Cuntry is mostly Pirarie a little Rolling Scirted -With groves of timber Heare the Rain Continued -all night—Heare one of our Hunters—Slover Lay -out all night but Came in in the morning</p> - -<h3 class="inline">27th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early along the path threw the -Pirarie—timber still to be seen in groves and along the -Branches—We maid 20 miles and Camped on a Small -Crick Well timbered—Heare we found Findley He -Left us 2 days ago—and was Heare waiting for us -this day was Clear and pleesent Robert Fowler killed -a Large Buck—one Hors gave out was left</p> - -<h3 class="inline">28th Sept 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Rained all day we Remained in -Camp—</p> - -<p class="clear"></p> - -<h3 class="inline">29th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Weather Clear We Set out Early and was -Soon over taken By Conl glann and soon after in -Sight of the osage vilege. Heare We Ware delited -With a vew of a nomber of Hills or mounds<a name="FNanchor_12" id="FNanchor_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> nearely<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -of the Same Hight. from 70 to 80 feet but of diferent -Shapes Some Round and pointed like a Stack -others squair and flat. and the top of one neare the -vilege Contains about 15 acres of Rich Black land—and -great part of the Bluff faced With a parpendickler -Rock—so that with but little labour a few men -might keep off a large armey—Heare is one of the -most delight full peace of Cuntry I Have Ever Seen—of -Rich lime stone land mixed With Wood lands -the Pirarie is more Exstensive than Woods—</p> - -<p>Heare We find not one sole in or about the vilege -the Indeans are all gon a buffelow Hunting and are -not Exspected to return till in the Winter. We find -our Jurney to this place one Continued Corse North -50 W Heare we Crosed the virdegree and got on -Higher grounds and Nearly Covered With Rocks in -Some places and Steered North 70 West 10 miles to -a small Crick<a name="FNanchor_13" id="FNanchor_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> Runing South and Well timbered—Heare -We Camped for the night—We Seen this day<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -Some Wild Horses. game is scars We this day find -our Horses two Heavey loaded and Concluded to -leave part [of their loads]</p> - -<h3 class="left">30th Sept 1821</h3> - -<p>We this morning Berryed or Cashed [cached] as -the french Call it 32 Bever traps 2 Cases of tobaco and -fifty pounds of Brass Wier on the West Bant of the -Creek 200 yds above the large Road and 50 below the -small path on Which is a Connu [canoe] marked on -an oack</p> - -<h3>october 1th 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and Stered North 50 West to the -little virdegree<a name="FNanchor_14" id="FNanchor_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> Wheare a large Indean Road -Crosse it this River is about 30 yds Wide With -Clear Watter and High Banks—and large inCampment -on the East Side. Heare we Crossed to -the West Side and followed the North forke -of the Road about one mile to another Branch of the -Same River but Not more than ten Steps Wide both -Streems Running South With Rich timbered bottom -be tween the boath—after pasing this forke We Stered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -the Same Corse threw Roling Pirarie ten miles to a -mound. to the North and East the Cuntry is a little -Rolling mostly Pirarie With timber along the -Branches on our left the mountains or High Hills appeer -at from four to five miles distance Heare to -avoid the Hills Which Continu on our left We -Steered N 30 West six mill [miles] and Camped on -the little virdegree—Peno Went off to Hunt in the -fore part of this day and did not Return—</p> - -<h3 class="inline">2nd<br />october<br />1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We set out Early and pased over High -Leavel Pirarie lands North 45 West three -miles to the High Hills Crossing a small -Bransh Runing North at the futt of them—We -after Some time gained the top of the Hills and found -the Cuntry Rolling and partly timbered and partly -Pirarie at twelve miles farthe We Crossed the little -virdegree again and Camped on the North Bank -Heare Duglass got lost in the Evenings Hunt and lay -out all night</p> - -<h3 class="inline">3rd<br />october<br />1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this morning our Horses Ware much Scattered -and took us till a late our to Collect -them—Duglass found the Way to Camp—and -Peno Came in With Some veneson Haveing Killed -three deer—Heare we found a large Indean Road going -up the Crick and Crossing some of its Branches<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -South 30 West and the Hills being High We followed -the Road. the lands poor With Short oack and Hickory -for about fifteen miles Wheare the Cuntry begins -to appear With fine Rich Piraries Well bordered With -Wood lands of a good quality We this day got one -deer and Some turkeys game is getting more plenty—We -maid 20 miles and Camped on a Small Crick -Running South—<a name="FNanchor_15" id="FNanchor_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p> - -<h3 class="left">4th october 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and at three miles Crossed a -Crick 50 feet Wide Running No 45 West—and at -about three miles farther in an open Pirarie We found<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -a large Buffelow Bull lying dead Soposed to be -killed by the Indeans We now begin to Hope Soon -to kill Some Buffelow our Selves as we Have nothing -With us but Salt only What We kill our Selves. -Heare We find our Selves in an oppen and Exstensive -Pirarie Scarsly a tree to be Seen but as We prograss -We find Sign of Buffelow We See some deed -and Some Caberey<a name="FNanchor_16" id="FNanchor_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>—in the Evening on our left We -Seen Ward one of our men on Hors back Running a -buffelow Some of [us] put off to asist Him but He -killed the large Buffelow Bull before We over took -Him—after takeing What meet We Wanted—We -Went on makeing 23 miles and Camped on a River -about 50 yds Wide Running West Soposed to be the -Bad Salean<a name="FNanchor_17" id="FNanchor_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a>—the Watter is Clear and deep at this -place Some Sign of Bever our Corse this day is North -60 West—</p> - -<p>the Pirarie threw Which We passed this day is -nearly leavel With a Rich Black Sandey Soil there is -no other Rock Except that of limestone Which only -appeer in Spott on the Sides of Branches and on the -top of Some of the Highest ground—for there is no<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -Hills Heare there is Some timber along the -branches</p> - -<h3 class="inline">5th<br />october<br />1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early Crossing the River a little -below our Camp Wheare there is a good -ford and at about two miles Crossed a large -Crick 100 feet Wide it Corse South East and about -10 miles Crosed a Crick 50 feet Wide all So Running -South East Heare the Pirarie is a little more Roleing—and -at 18 miles Crosed a crick—and 19 miles inCamped<a name="FNanchor_18" id="FNanchor_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> -on a Crick the West forke of the Same the -meet Below Wheare We Crosed—Heare the Cuntry -Still Continues to be a little Roleing the land Rich the -limestone appeers in some places along the Bluffs -Which are not High or Steep Hear We seen great -nombers of Poor Buffelow Bulls and Blame our -Hunters for not killing fat Cowes When there is not -one to be seen</p> - -<h3>5th october 1821 [continued]</h3> - -<p class="noindent">for We Cold not tell them apart at So great a distance -and it Was in vain for our Hunters to tell us<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> -there Was no Cows among So many Buffelow as We -Cold See at all most any time Corse this No 50 -West 19 miles—</p> - -<h3 class="left">6th october 1821</h3> - -<p>We set out Early over Butifull High Pirarie leavel -and Rich and at Eight miles West We fell on the -arkensaw River<a name="FNanchor_19" id="FNanchor_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> Heare there is plenty of timber all -a long the River on both Sides as far as We Cold See -We are now out of meet and Blameing our Hunters -for not finding Buffelow Cows the Have neglected -to kill the Bulls When the Cold and the are not so -plenty as the Ware and We beleve Have been latly -drove off by the Indeans as the are now shy.</p> - -<h3>6th octor 1821 [continued]</h3> - -<p>We now steered north leaveing the [Arkansaw] -River on our lefft Hand Beleveing the High Hill and -Bluffs Near the River Wold be difequal to pass With -loaded pack Horses—at 6 miles over High Rich -lime stone Pirarie We Camped on a Crick<a name="FNanchor_20" id="FNanchor_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> 60 feet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -Wide Wheare We killed Some turkeys in the Evening—We -Ware all So informed by Some of the party -that Indeans Ware Camped at no great distance—</p> - -<h3 class="inline">7th october 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We moved West up along neare -the [Arkansaw] River over Some High Rockey -Bluffs and threw a large Sandy bottom to the bank of -the River makeing five miles and Camped near the -Indeans from them got Some dryed meet Corn Beens -and dryed Pumkins for [which] We paid them In -Such artickels as the wanted—these are the osage Indeans -and the first We met With on our Route the -[they are] frendly the Weather is now giting Cold -With High Winds Cloudey and Rained threw the -night—the timber in the bottoms and Hill Sides is a -king [kind] of Jack oak and very low Cotten Wood -and Willow groes along the River—we stoped at this -place for the purpose of purchasing Horses Haveing -left two be Hind and three more unfitt for Survice -makes us bad of for Horses and the prospect of provetions -is not promesing as We Heare the Indeans -are Camped for alonge Way a Head of us threw -Wheare We must pass let [left] one Horse With an -Indean—</p> - -<h3 class="left">8the october 1821</h3> - -<p>We moved up the River N 45 West two miles -and Camped the Rain Still Continues Heare Conl<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -glann purchased one Poor Hors at a High price and -Highered one Indean to go along With us Some of -the Hands killed 10 turkeys</p> - -<h3 class="left">9th octr 1821—</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and Steered north leaveing the -River at Right angles over Riseing butifull Pirarie -three miles to White<a name="FNanchor_21" id="FNanchor_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> River about 70 yᵈˢ Wide Running -West into the arkensaw this River Has a Continued -grove of timber all alonge its Cores [course] -as far as We Cold see and the land Rich—We Crosed -this River leaveing it on our Right and up it at Eight -miles Camped on the South West Side for the purpos -of purchasing Horses Sucseeded in Swoing -[swapping] two and purchasing two at a High price—the -Indeans advise us to Cross the arkensaw and -Steer West Corse and strike the arkensaw at the big -timber Near the mountains but the Season is late and -Want of Wood and Watter Renders it a Hazous undertakeing—the -Indeans Say it is about two days -travel to the little arkensaw—the Hunters Brought<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -in four deer one very fine Buck the first good -meet We Have Head the land on this Creek is Rich -and Well timbered along the bottoms the Bluffs -furnis abundance of lime Stone for all purposes of -Building and fenceing—and is Capeable of makeing -one of the finest Settlements in the united States—there -being a nomber of the best of Springs</p> - -<h3 class="left">10th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We purchased yesterday one small Hors and one -to day—But when We gethered up our Horses to -move off Robert Fowlers Horse Was mising—all -tho He Was With the Rest in the morning—We Conclude -the Indeans Have Hiden Him in the Woods -and leave Peno to Sarch for Him and to fetch up -Barbo left Sick With Him—all so left a Blanket to -give the Indean that find or Return the Horse</p> - -<h3 class="left">11th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early leaveing [Walnut Creek] on the -Wright and Steering N 25 West fifteen miles over -High Pirarie to a small Crick and Camped<a name="FNanchor_22" id="FNanchor_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> Near its -mouth yesterday Peno Returned With the Sick man -but With out the lost Hors the Hors is no doupt -Stolen and With the knoledge of the Chiefs. these<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -last Indeans appeer more unfriendly and talk Sasy and -bad to us but this Is to be Exspected as the Come -from the upper vilege and are Said to be a Collection -of the Raskals from the other vileges</p> - -<h3 class="left">12th october 1821</h3> - -<p>Cloudey and Rains a little We Set out Early North -60 West fifteen miles over a Rich low Ridge there is -Scarcly a tree or a Stone to be Seen and Hole land -Covered With tall grass there is all along Whight -River and on this Ridge much sign of Buffelow but -the Indeans Have drove them off—We Camped on -Small Branch<a name="FNanchor_23" id="FNanchor_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> Near the arkensaw River</p> - -<h3 class="left">13th octor 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early up the River Leaveing it on our -left at a Bout 14 miles Crossed a Small Crick on -which is a large Beed of the Plaster of Paris at 20 -miles We Camped on the Bank of the little arkensaw<a name="FNanchor_24" id="FNanchor_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>—one -Indean Cheef and two young me[n] -viseted us at Camp and stated the Ware [they were] -glad to see us Whitemen and frends—as they Had -Seen or Heared Some of our men Last Evening and -Soposed them be Paneys [Pawnees] and their Enemies<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -on which acoumpt the Head [they had] all left -their Camp and Hid them Selves in the timberd -lands on the River—</p> - -<h3 class="left">14th oct 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early Crossing the little arkensaw and -steering West at 12 miles Came to the Banks of the -arkensaw thence up the River North 70 West We -Camped on the [left] Bank<a name="FNanchor_25" id="FNanchor_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> With out trees—We -yester left one Horse He gave out—and this morning -discharged the Hiered Indean—the Cuntry Continues -fine the land leavel and Rich the timber is -plenty on the little arkensaw and Some for a few miles -up the main River but Heare there is no timber or -Willowes on the River Buffelow Bulls still appeer -But no Cows and we are now Satisfyed of the Caus of -the Hunters not killing any of that Speces no Sign -of deer. tho We seen some turkeys last Evening</p> - -<h3 class="left">15the octobr 1821</h3> - -<p>We set out at our ushal time up the River No 80 -West and Stoped at the mouth of a bold sreem of -Watter 70 feet Wide<a name="FNanchor_26" id="FNanchor_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a>—but We Ware Soon alarmed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -by the Hunters Comming and Haveing Some Indeans -on Hors Back and soposed to be in pursute of them—We -Emedetly move up the River Crossing the Crick -to some Sand Knobs on the River Bank about 400 -yds above the mouth of the Crick—there being no -timber We maid a Brest Worke of our Bagage and -Remained the balence of the [day] Waiting the arivel -of the Indeans—but none appeered—Some -Buffelow Bulls Ware killed to day We kept the -Horses tyed up all night—yesterday the Sand Knobs -appeer at about ten miles distance on our Right Hand -and run Perellel With the River</p> - -<p>Some Scatering trees appeer on the Knobs—</p> - -<h3>16th october 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and maid ten miles up the River -the Sand Knobs still on the Right We Sent out Some -Hunters to kill a Cow but the Remained out all night -We Ware much alarmed for their safety—no mee -meet for Suppe or Brackfest—our Corse No 70 -West and Camped on the River<a name="FNanchor_27" id="FNanchor_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p> - -<h3 class="left">17th octr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Continued up the River North 65 West 15 miles -and Camped on the Bank Scarcly a tree to be Seen—We<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> -this day pased the Head Spring<a name="FNanchor_28" id="FNanchor_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> of the Crick -at the mouth of Which We Camped on the 15th this -[is] a large butifull Spring about three miles from the -River on the north Side and in a leavel Rich Pirarie the -Sand Hills appeer all a long on the South Side and -near the River—the are not more then 60 or 70 feet -High and the Cuntry leavel beyound them to a great -distance those on the north about the Same Hight -and Several miles from the River<a name="FNanchor_29" id="FNanchor_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>—Which is from -two to 400 yds Wide—With large Sand bars and low -Islands this is its general Carecter as fare as We Have -seen it</p> - -<h3>18th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out at our ushal time at ten miles pased a -point of Rocks and a Hoop wood tree on them—to -our Right and almost one mile from the River—and -at [illegible] there is Some Cotten Wood trees along<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> -the River—at 18 miles We Camped<a name="FNanchor_30" id="FNanchor_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> on the Bank -Without trees—Some Islands in the River the -Higher grounds aproch nigher the River but Loos -the appeeren of Sand Hills on the north</p> - -<h3 class="left">19th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We set out at the ushal time and at 8 miles West -We pased a point of Red Rocks about 600 yds from -the River and at Eleven miles Crosed the paney<a name="FNanchor_31" id="FNanchor_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> -River about one and a Half miles above its mouth -this is a deep bold Streem 50 feet Wide of Running -Watter Banks High and about 80 feet Wide at the -top Heare is ash Walnut Elm and Cottenwood over -to this place Was West—this is the Second Streem We<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -Have Crosed Since pasing the little arkensaw—We -found a good ford [across Walnut Creek] and -Steered South 50 West Six miles to the Bank of the -River—the land leavel as fare as the Eye Can see. -Some Cottenwood on the Banks and Some Bushis. -the Red Rock is evidently a volcanic production is -porous like pomestone but heavier than common -Sand stone—Back from the river 5 miles the Hunters -reports very Large quantities of pomestone on the -side of a hill which appears to them to be half blown -off (Hill) by some cause—The sand and gravel thrown -up by the Prarie Squarrels [<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>] is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> -precisely the same of that in the river for 5 or 8 miles -distance from the river See great nombers of buffelow -and Elks one of the Hunters killed three Cows but -Haveing no Horse With Him the meet Was left out -and lost Except a few pounds He Carryed in on His -back—</p> - -<h3 class="left">20th octobr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Steered South 40 West and at nine miles -Crosed a Crick<a name="FNanchor_32" id="FNanchor_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> 40 feet Wide a bold Running streem -about one futt deep and a few trees up it In sight. at -ten miles We Camped on the River Bank in a low Bottom—at -about three miles the ground Rises a little -So as to form low Hills large Hords of Buffelow In -Sight the Sand Hills Still appeer on the South Side -of the River and to appeerence distetute of vigetation -as the are Bald While those on the north are a -Hard Black Soil With Some progecting Rocks and -Covered With vigetation mostly a Short grass Something -like Blew grass—on the morning of the 18th -Findley mounted his [horse] took With Him His -Blankets and Crossed the River to the South Side for -the purpose of killing a Boffelow Cow Since Which -time We Have Heard nothing of Him—yesterday<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> -morning Sent Back two men to look for Him—the -Have not Returned—We are afraid Findley is lost by -going two fare out in the Sand Hills We Exspect to -Stop in about two days to Rest our Horses and Wait -for Findley to Come up—</p> - -<h3>21st Octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We set out at the ushal Hour and at Seven miles -pased a point of Rocks on Which stands two trees -about 600 yds from the River—and seven and a Half -miles Came to a deep and mudey Crick<a name="FNanchor_33" id="FNanchor_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> 100 feet -Wide Heare Some of our Horses Run to drink and -Ware Swomped With their loads and Ware forsed -to be pulled out—We Went [up] it about Half a -mile and Crossed over and Camped about three miles -up it—Findley[’s] mair gave out this day and Was -left We maid We maid ten miles this day South 50 -West—this is a butifull Running Streem With many -fine Springs along its Banks—the Hunters killed two -Fatt Cows We Have now plenty of good meet—the -two men Returned but no word of Findley—a point -of Hills or Rocks appeers at seven miles distance near -the River Bareing South 35 W—We gave this the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> -name of Buffelow Crick<a name="FNanchor_34" id="FNanchor_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> from one of our Horses Being -Swomped With the meet of a Buffelow on Him -and these anemels Being very plenty Heare</p> - -<h3>22nd octr 1821 monday</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and at 7 miles pased the point -mentioned yester day a bout one from the River at -fifteen miles Camped on the Bank of the River about -three miles to the left of our line of march about 4 -miles Back of our Camp We Crossed a Branch<a name="FNanchor_35" id="FNanchor_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> of -Bold Running Watter 30 feet Wide—no timber -Wheare We lay the men Waided over and geathered -drift Wood for the night the Hunters killed one fatt -Buffelow Some Cotten Wood on the South Side of -the River above and below the Camp—the Sand -Hills Still appeer on that Side the sand Hills aproch -nier the River With Some Cotten Wood trees on -them—Findley Returned</p> - -<h3>23rd octr 1821 tusday</h3> - -<p>We Set [out] at the ushal Hour South 10 West up -the River maid ten miles and Camped in a low Bottom -the Sand Hills Continue on the South—very -leavel on the north for a great distance Back no timber<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -on the north Side for the last two days march -Emence Hords of Buffelow all traveling to the north -While those we pased a few days ago Ware traveling -to the South—We see maney Wild Horses—we Exspect -[Indians are?] near us to the South Which -moves the Buffelow to the north the Islands and -sand bars still Continue But no bever We Head a fine -feast last night on four fatt Buffelow Cowes</p> - -<h3>24th octr 1821 Wensday—</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and at Seven miles the River Was -2½ miles to the left and at Eleven miles We maid the -lower Eand of an Island on Which there is timber but -none on Ither Side—the main Chanel is on the South -Side Hear the High land aproch the River on both -Sides—on the north Side there apperes a Whightis -[whitish] Rock of Considerable Exstent the River -makes Hear a Short Bend to the Right—the Cuntry -Heare is a little Rolling But the land Rich and Butifull—no -Wheare two steep for the Waggon or the -plow. Heare at the uppe Eand of this Island the Bluff -aproches the River and is the first above the little -arkensaw—that that Shews it Rocky—on this Island -there is good food for the Horses—and We Con -Cluded to lay By one day to mend our mogesons and -Rest our Horses as many of there Backs Ware Sore -oing to the carelesness of the men the Horses are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> -Poor and We Exspect that [some] of them Will not -be able to Rech the mountains</p> - -<h3 class="left">25th octobr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Exspored the Cuntry for a few miles Round -and on an Island about three miles above us found an -Indean fort Which might Contain about 60 men this -fort Is maid nearly Round and Built of logs layed on -Each other—and is about two years old and must -Have been built By a War party Which did not occupy -it long—tho it Has been Inhabetid not more -than two or three Weaks ago by Some People—the -Haveing used fyer and left the Spit on Which the -Head [they had] Roasted meet—above this Island a -streem<a name="FNanchor_36" id="FNanchor_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> of Bold Running Watter one Hundred and -fity feet Wid puts in on the South Side—no timber -at its mouth but timber appeers about two miles up it—its -Cors is South 25 West—the Sand Hills Conting -above this Crick but appers in a long Continued -Ridge</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p> - -<h3>26th october 1821 Friday</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early and Crossing the River to the -South Side Steered our Corse West and Crossing the -[Mulberry] Crick mentioned yesterday at six miles -and Crossing a point of low land leaveing the -River a bout 3 miles to the Right in the -Bend and at twenty miles<a name="FNanchor_37" id="FNanchor_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> Stoped on an Island -Well Clothed With timber Heare Was all so an -old Indean Fort Smaller than the other and Had -been used by the Same pursons that Head lately been -at the other We Heare Con Clude them to be White -men there Horses being Shod—We Have as yet Head -but three nights of frost and no Ice—We Have not -Seen one tree on Ither Side of the River the only -apper on the Islands and nothing there but Cotten -Wood—at this Island the main Chanel Is on the -north Side</p> - -<h3 class="left">Satterday 27th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out Early Steering West on the South Side -of the River—fifteen miles<a name="FNanchor_38" id="FNanchor_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> to an Island the main -Channel on the north Side—the River as ushal is full -of Islands With more or Less Cotten[wood] on them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> -but none on Ither Side of the River—We this day left -Findley With two Horses and one mule With Instruction -to Remain on the Island five days and then to -follow us as the Horses Wold be Rested by that time</p> - -<h3 class="left">28th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out at our ushal Hour and keeping up the -River West ten miles<a name="FNanchor_39" id="FNanchor_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> to a point of timber on the -South Side the Rockey [hills] frequently appeer on -the north Side and the Sand Hills on the South Some -Scattering Cotten Wood trees gro on the Sand Hills -one othe Hors gave out this day and Was left</p> - -<h3>monday 29th octr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out at our ushal Hour Steering N 70 West -up the River at fifteen miles Crossed a Spring branch -to a few Cotten Wood trees on the River Bank in low -Bottom Where We Camped<a name="FNanchor_40" id="FNanchor_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a> for the night Heare -the Hunters killed one deer and See Several more—this -the first We Have Seen Since We left the -Paney River but the Buffelow and Elk are In great -a bondance all the Way So that the Hunters kill [all] -the[y] Wish We all So got two Cows to day—and -See a great many Elk——</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> - -<h3>30th octobr 1821</h3> - -<p>We set out as ushal and Steered North 75 West ten -miles to a low point of greavel and Sand Washed by -the River the land Rises gently to the left for about -one and a Half miles both above and below this point -the Bottoms on the River are low—at fifteen miles -We Camped<a name="FNanchor_41" id="FNanchor_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> on an Island Clothed With tall grass -and Cotten Wood trees—the main Chanel on the -north Some Small Islands on the South With out -trees</p> - -<h3>31st octr 1821 Wensday</h3> - -<p>We Continued our Rout on the South Side our -Corse South<a name="FNanchor_42" id="FNanchor_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> Sixty five West fifteen miles to a point -of Woods on the River Bank Heare is fine tall grass -for our Horses and young Cotten Wood and Willowes -are very plenty—a great many trees appeer to -Have [been] Cut down by White men and a french -trading Camp Have been latly burned down Soposed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> -to [be] Shotoes<a name="FNanchor_43" id="FNanchor_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> the Hunters killed this day three of -the fatest Buffelows that Have yet Been Braught to -Camp—Buffelow Elk deer Caberey and Wild Horses -are in great nombers—High Wind all day—</p> - -<h3 class="left">1st november 1821</h3> - -<p>Lay by to Rest Horses and dress Skins and prepare -for Winter—this morning the first Ice We Seen -frose in the Kittle about as thick as the Blaid of a -knife and Ice floted down the River—the Bluffs or -Hills on the north Sid aproch the River and those on -the South are at about 3 miles distance—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> - -<p>2nd Remained In Camp all day fine Weather—Some -frost last night With Ice—</p> - -<h3 class="left">3rd November 1821</h3> - -<p>We Steered Sᵒ 65 W five miles to a low point of -land With Rocks Washed By the River on thes Rocks -are some Small Hoop Wood trees the first We Have -Seen for a long time and those are the first Rocks We -Have pased on the South Side of the River—Heare -the [river] bends a little to the Right<a name="FNanchor_44" id="FNanchor_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> We proceded -ten miles further pasing Some fine Springs to -the point of an Island on the South Side of the River -Haveing pased over a point [of] bald Sand Hills -Washed by the River about Half a mile below our -Camp for We Camped on the lower Eand of the -Island—Which is large and Well timbered With Cotten -Wood—Heare We find the first fresh Sign of -bever our Corse from the Hoop Wood trees to this -place is Nᵒ 80 West—two of our Horses gave out -this day and Ware left—on this Island the Hunters -killed Some turkeys and Seen Some more. the first -We Have Seen above the little arkensaw—the Wind -Hard all day from the N—W—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> - -<h3>4th Novr 1821 Sunday—</h3> - -<p>We Steered No 75 W four miles to [a point] of -Sand Hills Washed by the River and at Six miles farther -to an Island Clothed With Willow and Cotten -Wood—the main Chanel on the North Side of the -Island the last 6 miles our Corse Was West<a name="FNanchor_45" id="FNanchor_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a>—and -pased over one point of Sand Hills and one of gravle -both Washed by the River Buffelow Scarce—two turkeys -this day—our last nights In Campment appers -the first Wintering ground We Have meet With. -We pass Some old Camps and Some old tent poles—this -day left the mule the [that] gave out a few days -ago and Was braught up—</p> - -<h3>5th novr 1821 Monday</h3> - -<p>We set out Early and Steered West five miles to a -low point of land Washed by the River thence South -80 West and at foure miles [further] pased the beed -of a large Crick<a name="FNanchor_46" id="FNanchor_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> but no Watter or timber in sight<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> -the great quantitys of drift Wood all along its Banks -and the Hunters [tell] us the See timber a few miles -up it—at three miles farther makeing twelve miles this -day We Camped on an Island in the middle of the -River—this Island is better Cloathed With timber -Brush green grass for the Horses and grape vines -than any We Have Seen Heare We found plenty of -grapes that are good the first We Have met With in -[this] part of the Cuntry the River Continu full of -[islands] the one We are on is long and is a good -Wintering ground Some Small Connues [canoes] -may be maid Heare</p> - -<h3 class="left">6th novr 1821</h3> - -<p>determined to lay by on act of Wood and the Poor -State of our Horses—We Have all Readey lost 13 -Horses and two mules and the Remainder Hardly fitt -for use We are Camped in a pawnee fort Which appeers -to Have been used about two Weakes Since—We -Counted 11 tracks of Indians Barfooded in the -Sand and found a Woolf that Head been Shott lying -on the Sand Bare—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">7th Novr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Set out as ushul and Steerd Nᵒ 80 West twelve -miles[47] to a Small Island near the middle of the River -We find this day that there is more gravle and less -Sand in the River than below theres much more -Watter and Cleareer than any Wheare below—the -River is still full of Islands—vast Hords of Buffelow -In Sight—no bever We See old Sign of Indeans a -great many Buffelow being killed in the Summer—We -again See the Sign of White men a Head of us—</p> - -<h3>8th november 1821 thorsday</h3> - -<p>We Set out as ushul our Corse N 85 W Crossing to -the north Side of the River at three miles pased the -Beed of a dry Crick<a name="FNanchor_48" id="FNanchor_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> 75 yds Wide Corse [from the] -north and only a few Scatering trees In Sight on it—at -Six miles We Crossed the River on act of a Snow -Storm to a grove of trees on an Island in the South -Side and Camped for the night—this Island is formed -by a large Crick<a name="FNanchor_49" id="FNanchor_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> 80 yds Wide puting In on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> -South Side and a Slew of Watter Runing out of the -River in to this Crick forming a large Island—there -is timber In Sight up this Crick and large quantitey of -drift Wood alonge it Banks—and from seeing the -Same appeerence of drift Wood on other Cricks below -Comeing from the South We Sopose there must [be] -timber up those Streem as there is no drift Wood -from the north—the River Banks are from 6 to 8 -fitt High and the Watter much [more] plenty than -below Buffelow Plenty and all traveling fast to the -north—</p> - -<h3>9th novr 1821 Friday</h3> - -<p>Remained in Camp on acounpt of the Cold the -Snow about ankel deep Sent out the Hunters the -killed 2 Buffelow Cows—the River is Heare deeper -and Cruked and Points of [timber] in the bends more -plenty—</p> - -<h3>10th Novr 1821</h3> - -<p>We Steered Sᵒ 65 West five miles to a point of timber -on the South Side of the River Which is still narrow -deep and Cruked it Bredth is from 150 to 200 yds -Wide and deep a knof for Small Boats to asend—</p> - -<h3>11th novr 1821 Sunday</h3> - -<p>our Corse South 65 West at four miles pased a -point of High Rocks about Half a mile South from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> -the River from this Rock the Bluffs or Hills Continu -to our left—and at Eight miles Camped at the mouth -of a deep muddey Crick<a name="FNanchor_50" id="FNanchor_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> Heare the Bluffs aproch -the River on both Sides and are much Higher and -Steep as Well as more Rockey than below—Heare is -much old Sign of Indeans many Piles of Rock are -Raised by them on the bluffs—one fatt Buck killed -this day—there are some Bever Heare—</p> - -<h3>12th Novr 1821 monday</h3> - -<p>We set out Early and to Enable us to Cross the -[Mud] Crick With the Horses We maid a Bridge of -Brush and flags Which bore them over With Safty -and Steered South 65 West Eight miles to the Point -of a Ridge Bound With Rocks and Washed by the -River—there is two mounds Covered With Rocks -about 300 yds to the South of Camp and about Half a -mile a part<a name="FNanchor_51" id="FNanchor_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> We this day Crossed a Small [Caddoa]<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> -Crick at about four miles back from Camp—and -pased over Several Ridges the points of Which Butted -a gainst the River With progecting Rocks of the -Sand Stone kind—the[re] We Seen Some Peaces of -marble—the River Bottoms are about Half a mile -Wide and is offen Crosed from one Side to the -other by the River Which is very Cruked and both -Sides of the bottom or valley bound With the Bluffs -and Rocks Buffelow plenty killed 3 Cows and one -deer this day—</p> - -<p>We this day Sopose We Seen the mountains for -the first time tho We Have long looked for them -the Hills or Bluffs on the North Side are High Being -two bluffs one on the top of the other and about five -miles apart<a name="FNanchor_52" id="FNanchor_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a></p> - -<h3>13th novr 1821 tusday</h3> - -<p>Went to the Highest of the mounds near our Camp -and took the bareing of the Soposed mountain -Which Stud at north 80 West all So of the River -Which is West We then proceded on 2½ miles to a -Small Crick<a name="FNanchor_53" id="FNanchor_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> Crosed it and asended a gradual Rise -for about three miles to the Highest ground in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -nibourhood—Wheare We Head a full vew of the -mountains this must be the place Whare Pike first -discovered the mountains Heare I took the bareing -of two that Ware the Highest<a name="FNanchor_54" id="FNanchor_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> the longest South -71 W—the other Which appeered like a point South<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> -75 West—nither of those are the mountain Seen this -morning—on looking forward We Seen a Branch -Puting in from the South Side Which We Sopose to -be Pikes first forke<a name="FNanchor_55" id="FNanchor_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> and make for it—Crossed and -Camped in a grove of Bushes and timber about two -miles up it from the River We maid Eleven miles -West this day—We Stoped Heare about one oclock -and Sent back for one Hors that Was not able to keep -up—We Heare found some grapes among the brush—While -Some Ware Hunting and others Cooking -Some Picking grapes a gun Was fyered off and the -Cry of a White Bare<a name="FNanchor_56" id="FNanchor_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> Was Raised We Ware all -armed in an Instent and Each man Run His own Cors -to look for the desperet anemel—the Brush in Which -We Camped Contained from 10 to 20 acors Into -Which the Bare Head [bear had] Run for Shelter -find[ing] Him Self Surrounded on all Sides—threw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> -this Conl glann With four others atemted to Run -But the Bare being In their Way and lay Close in the -brush undiscovered till the Ware With in a few feet -of it—When it Sprung up and Caught Lewis doson -and Pulled Him down In an Instent Conl glanns -gun mised fyer or He Wold Have Releved the man -But a large Slut Which belongs to the Party atacted -the Bare With such fury that it left the man and persued -Her a few steps in Which time the man got up -and Run a few steps but Was overtaken by the bare -When the Conl maid a second atempt to shoot but -His [gun] mised fyer again and the Slut as before -Releved the man Who Run as before—but Was Son -again in the grasp of the Bare Who Semed Intent -on His distruction—the Conl again Run Close up and -as before His gun Wold not go off the Slut makeing -an other atack and Releveing the man—the Conl now -be Came alarmed lest the Bare Wold pusue Him and -Run up Stooping tree—and after Him the Wounded -man and Was followed by the Bare and thus the Ware -all three up one tree—but a tree standing in Rich -[reach] the Conl steped on that and let the man and -Bare pas till the Bare Caught Him [Dawson] by one -leg and drew Him back wards down the tree. -While this Was doing the Conl Sharpened His flint -Primed His gun and Shot the Bare down While pulling -the man by the leg be fore any of the party arived<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> -to Releve Him—but the Bare Soon Rose again but -Was Shot by several other [men] Wo Head [who -had] got up to the place of action—it Is to be Remarked -that the other three men With Him Run off—and -the Brush Was so thick that those on the out -Side Ware Som time geting threw—</p> - -<p>I Was my Self down the Crick below the brush and -Heard the dredfull Screems of man in the Clutches -of the Bare—the yelping of the Slut and the Hollowing -of the men to Run in Run in the man Will be -killed and noing the distance So grate that I Cold not -get there in time to Save the man So that it Is much -Easeer to Emagen my feellings than discribe them but -before I got to the place of action the Bare Was -killed and [I] met the Wounded man with Robert -Fowler and one or two more asisting Him to Camp -Where His Wounds Ware Examined—it appeers His -Head Was In the Bares mouth at least twice—and -that When the monster give the Crush that Was to -mash the mans Head it being two large for the Span -of His mouth the Head Sliped out only the teeth -Cutting the Skin to the bone Where Ever the tuched -it—so that the Skin of the Head Was Cut from about -the Ears to the top in Several derections—all of -Which Wounds Ware Sewed up as Well as Cold be -don by men In our Situation Haveing no Surgen nor -Surgical Instruments—the man Still Retained His<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> -under Standing but Said I am killed that I Heard my -Skull Brake—but We Ware Willing to beleve He -Was mistaken—as He Spoke Chearfully on the Subgect -till In the after noon of the second day When He -began to be Restless and Some What delereous—and -on examening a Hole in the upper part of His Wright -temple Which We beleved only Skin deep We found -the Brains Workeing out—We then Soposed that He -did Heare His Scull Brake He lived till a little before -day on the third day after being Wounded—all -Which time We lay at Camp and Buried Him as Well -as our meens Wold admit Emedetely after the fattal -axcident and Haveing done all We Cold for the -Wounded man We turned our atention [to] the -Bare and found Him a large fatt anemel We Skined -Him but found the Smell of a polcat so Strong that -We Cold not Eat the meat—on examening His -mouth We found that three of His teeth Ware broken -off near the gums Which We Sopose Was the Caus -of His not killing the man at the first Bite—and the -one not Broke to be the Caus of the Hole in the -Right [temple] Which killed the man at last—the -Hunters killed two deer Cased the Skins for Baggs -We dryed out the Bares oil and Caryed it with us the -Skin Was all so taken Care of—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">14th novembr 1821</h3> - -<p>We lay in Camp takeing Care of the Wounded -man and takeing the Bareing of the three principle -points of the mountains<a name="FNanchor_57" id="FNanchor_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> as the appeer—</p> - -<p>the first mountain or grand Peek Bares N 75 W—</p> - -<p>the Second South 75 No W</p> - -<p>South Eand of same Sᵒ 75 W</p> - -<p>3ʳᵈ mountain Sᵒ 70 W—</p> - -<p>South Eand Sᵒ 69 W—</p> - -<p>there is on this forke a Continuation of timber and -Brush the princeple trees are Cotten Wood With -Some Boxelder and Some Small Black locust</p> - -<h3 class="inline">15th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">all posible Care Was taken of the Wounded -man for Which purpose We lay in Camp</p> - -<p class="clear"></p> - -<h3 class="inline">16th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the unfortnet man died at day Brake—and -Was Berred near the Bank With a Strong Pen of logs -over Him to prevent the Bares or Wolves from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> -Scraching Him up—this Is the [first] anemel of the -kind We Have met With—</p> - -<p>Heare Conl glann Haveing the Command of the -party acted as the adminestrater and ordered the dead -mans property Sold to the Highest bidder—and Was -Sold as followes</p> - -<table summary="Property sold, who bought it, how much it fetched"> - <tr> - <td>one Short Riffel and papetis [?] to george Duglass</td> - <td class="tdr">$15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>one muskets Barrl to Jacob Fowler</td> - <td class="tdr">5.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>one Blanket to Eli Ward</td> - <td class="tdr">10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 vest to pall a Blackman</td> - <td class="tdr">2.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sundry small artickels to dudley Maxwell</td> - <td class="tdr">1.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr total">$33.75</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="noindent">the Hole amting thirty three dollrs Which Each man -Has to act [account] With Conl glann for What He -purchased—</p> - -<p>the timber on this fork is mostly Cotten Wood -Some Boxelder and Some Small Black locust—the -Bottoms are fine and large—With great droves of -Elk and Buffelow and Sign of more of the White -Bare—there are all So Wild Horses deer and Caberey -the trees on the main River are Small but Some of -those on the fork are large Enof to mak a Connue—the -Watter In the fork is Sofecient to turn a large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> -Sett [of] mills at this dry Season and Heare is timber -for a Small Settlement—Stone In the Bluffs are In -abondance for Building and fenceing—after Settleing -all things We moved up the River South 73 West 12 -miles<a name="FNanchor_58" id="FNanchor_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> to a Small Bottom Covered With trees—on -the South Side of the River—Haveing pased one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> -Branch<a name="FNanchor_59" id="FNanchor_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> at Six miles and one<a name="FNanchor_59b" id="FNanchor_59b"></a><a href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> at nine miles boath on -the north Side of the River—and opeset the first the -River bore about Six miles to our Right—from our -Camp Heare We took the bareing of the mountains—1st -Nᵒ 72 W—2nd S 76 W 3rd Sᵒ 70 W—at this -Camp on the Bluffs Was the appeerance of lead But -We Head no time to Examen</p> - -<h3>17th novr 1821 Satterday</h3> - -<p>I Went on South 5 miles to a High mound and -took the Bareing of the mountains as followes 1st -the grand Peek north 70 W—2nd not to be Seen 3rd -Sᵒ 71 W 4th Sᵒ 49 W—our Corse from Camp up the -River Was South 50 West twelve miles<a name="FNanchor_60" id="FNanchor_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> to Whare -the River Bends more to the West and Some deep -gutters Washed down the Bank and the Hills aproch -the River—thence Sᵒ 72 W. three miles to Wheare -the River aproch the Hills again We pased one Small -Crick at about 2 miles be low Camp and the other -about Half mile the last about 30 yds Wide but no -Watter Running and no timber In Sight—the River -Bottoms are more narrow than for two days past—no -Buffelow or turkeys there is Some deer and Sign of -the White Bare one Hors gave out this day and Was -left—the timber is more plenty in the Bottoms.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">Sunday 18th Novr 1821</h3> - -<p>Continued up on the South Side of the River and -at about two miles Crossed a dry Branch<a name="FNanchor_61" id="FNanchor_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> and at -foure miles a deep Branch<a name="FNanchor_62" id="FNanchor_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> with Running Watter on -Which there Ware several Bever dams With fresh -sign of Bever the Branch about Eight Steps Wide -at ten miles pased Close to a bend of the River -and at Eighteen miles Camped<a name="FNanchor_63" id="FNanchor_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> in a low Bottom -and drove the Horses aCross the River -for grass there being none on Wheare We -Camped We find the Bottoms Widen from 4 to 8 -miles the Hills much lower and the [ground] more -leavle than for Several days past the Buffelow appers -to Have left this section of the Cuntry as We Seen -but one this day an old Bull With one leg Broken -We Soposed by the Indeans—and that the Have -drove the Buffelow all off—as their Sign is going to -the South</p> - -<h3>19th nov 1821 monday</h3> - -<p>took the Bareing of the mountains from Camp this -morning 1st north 67 W 2nd north Eand S 88 W<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> -South Eand Sᵒ 72 W 3rd Sᵒ 60 W—4th Sᵒ 39 W to -the Highest Peek ther appeers a longe Ridge to -Contnue from the South and a Ridge Runs north -from the High Peeke—We Steered West up the River -and at 10 miles Crosed a dry forke<a name="FNanchor_64" id="FNanchor_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> of the River -80 yds Wide but dry at present at fifteen miles -Camped in lott of woods on the River Bank -Haveing at about 11 oclock Seen a large Smoke -ahead and believing it proceded from the Indeans fyer -We Halted to look out for them—and in a few minets -two of our men Came in Company With one Indean—and -in about Half an Hour there Was between -30 and 50 Came Rideing at full Speed With all their -Weapens of [up] in a florish as tho the Ware Chargeing -uppon an Enemey but on their near aproch the -most frendly disposition appereed in all their actions -as Well [as] gusters—by this time We Hed Some -meat Cooked of Which the Willingly purtuck but -Spareingly—as it after Wards appeered the Head -plenty at their Camp and Eat With [us] out of pure -frendship—amongst party Was the princeple Cheef -of the Kiaways for these Ware of that nation—the -Cheef With three others Stayed With us all night the -others Returned to their Camp about Sundown</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">20th novmbr 1821 tusday</h3> - -<p>Collected our Horses Early—by Which time a great -nomber of the Indeans arived from Camp and moved -up with [us] and crossed over the River Which -Was fordable but the Watter Cold and the Ice Runing -a little—our Horses Ware so loded that our men -Ware all on futt but the Indeans took them behind -them on their Horses and Carryed them over the -River—from our Camp to the Indeans was about -three miles West—<a name="FNanchor_65" id="FNanchor_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></p> - -<p>Heare the Cheef gave up one of His lodges for the -purpose of Store[ing] the goods—and took posesion -and Charge of all our Horses threw the Hole of this -day the Indeans Continu to arive and Set up their -lodges—So that by night We Ware a large town Containing -up Wards two Honderd Houses Well filled -With men Wemon and Children—With a great -nombr of dogs and Horses So that the Hole Cuntry to -a great distance Was Coverd—this Scenes Was new -to us and the more So after our long Jurney Seeing -no persons but our Selves—the Indeans Ware frendly -takeing us to the lodges of their great men and all -Ways Seting Some meat for us to Eat. tho Some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> -times Boiled Corn Beens or mush Which arteckels -the precured from the Spanyards</p> - -<h3 class="left">Wensday 21st nov 1821</h3> - -<p>lay in Camp all day Eating and Smokeing With the -Indeans—and took the Bareing of the mountains -from a point one Half mile north of our Camp—High -Peak N 61 W South Eand of Same mountain N 82 -W Heare a new mountain appeers or is a Ridge in the -forkes of the River North Eand Nᵒ 84 W South Eand -N 87 W—Nᵒ 2 of the first mountains North Eand -Sᵒ 87 W Highest Point Sᵒ 45 W—Heare the mountain -takes a more Westwardly Corse and Continues a -broken Ridge to a High point or Ridge and Stands -Sᵒ 42 W—and falling a little lower and Continues to -the forth mountains or double Peekes—Which Stands -thus 4th Sᵒ 27 W 5th Sᵒ 25 West from this point -We See no more of the mountains to the South We -See large parteys of Indeans Comeing in threw the -day and Seting up their Houses or lodges—</p> - -<h3 class="left">22nd nov 1821—</h3> - -<p>Remained in Camp all day Holding Counsels Eating -and Smokeing and traiding a little With -Indans—</p> - -<p>the snow Has now Increeced to about 10 Inches -deep and the Wind Extreemly Cold the River frosen -up Close the Ice to a great thickness—and Heare in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> -the Coldest mornings you might see Several Hundred -Children Naked—Running and playin on the -Ice—Without the least appeerence of Suffering from -the Cold—the Highatans<a name="FNanchor_66" id="FNanchor_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> amounting to about 350 -lodges arived this day and Camped With the others -We are now Incresed to a cettey—</p> - -<h3 class="left">friday 23rd nov 1821—</h3> - -<p>this morning a Councel Was hild amongst the -Cheefs of both the nations and Conl glann With his -Interpreter Was Sent for—and Was told by the Ietan -Cheef that the Ware Readey to Receve the goods in -His Posesion that His father the Presedent Had Sent -them—But When He Was told that there Was no -Such goods He Became in a great Pashion and told -the Conl that He Was a lyer and a theef and that He -Head Stolen the goods from His farther<a name="FNanchor_67" id="FNanchor_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> and that He -the Cheef—Wold take the goods and Segnefyed that -He Wold kill the Conl and His men too upon Which -the Conl and His Inturpreter With drew—the Cheefs -of both nations Remaned in Counsel all day—and our -Setuation Was not of the most plesent nature. the -Kiaways Ware our frends But the others Ware the -most numerous—the former Clames us their property -and frens But the later We aprehend intend to use<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -force and in this Setuation We Remained all day—the -young Warriors Crouded Round us so that We -Cold Scarcly Stir—about Sun down a tall Indean -Came Runing threw the Camp Calling out—me -arapaho Cheef White mans mine and Shakeing Hands -With us as fast as poseble asked for the White man -Captain and on being Shoon In a lodge Wheare Conl -glann With the Inturpreter Was—He Rushed in—but -Was out In an Instant thumping His brest With -His fist saying White man mine arapoho Plenty -Pointing the Way He Came—from [which] We soon -understood that the Hole nation Ware at Hand and -that We Head nothing to dred from the Highatans—Who -began to disappeer from about us—and from -that time We felt In Purfect Securety Haveing two -out of three of the nation In our favour and part of the -3rd our frends—but the are all Sobordenet to their -Cheefs—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 24th november 1821</h3> - -<p>a nomber of Cheefs of other nations arive In Camp—thing -Ware [things wore] a better appeerence—We -Sopose there Is now about 350 lodges—Some little -traid for Buffelow Roabs for the benefit of the Hands -on our arivel at this Camp there Was about forty -lodges of Indeans—Kiawas and Padducas the Continu -to Increes and last night on Counting them over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -find now four Hunderd of the following nations—Ietans—Arrapohoes—Kiawa -Padduce—Cheans—Snakes—the -Ietan the most numerous and the most -Disperete the Arrapohoes the Best and most Sivvel -to the White men Habits—but Heare We find some -diffeculty in Councl With So many Indeans—and no -Inturpreter But Mr Roy—He Spoke Some Pane and -[in] that language our Councils Ware Held—the Indeans -are Sartainly Ignorent of the Ways or Customs -of the White man and Have less Capasety to larn -then any Indeans I Have yet Seen—the Have many -Wants but no meens of Supplying them—Haveing -nothing to traid but Horses and them We do not -Want—We have found amongest them about 20 -Bever only the Early Habits of those Indeans Precludes -them from makeing Bever Hunters as the -Cuntry Which the In Habet Contains but few—and -the Indeans Hunt the Buffelow</p> - -<h3>Sunday 25th novem 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We found Withe the Ietans a Spanish Prisnor -Whome With great difeculty We purchased yesterday -With $150 in goods and He In Joyed one night -of liberty a Hapey Chaing from that of a Slave to an -Indean—but unfortnetly—at day light this morning -the goods Ware Returned and the Prisnor -taken back to His formor master again—but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> -We Will Spair no means in our power [to] -Releve Him again and Send Him out of their -Reech this man is from the Southern Provence -near St Antoni<a name="FNanchor_68" id="FNanchor_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> With Which the Indeans are -at War—tho at Peece With new maxeco and the -Spanish in Habetance there—We Have been viseted -by Some of the Spanish Indeans from maxeco the live -in the vilege of Tows<a name="FNanchor_69" id="FNanchor_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a>—its Six days Easey travel -from Heare—the are all Catholicks the Indeans Inform -us that there are White men near the great -[Pike’s] Peak of the mountain on the River Platt—and -three days Hard travel from this place—</p> - -<p>on the night of the 23rd a Snow fell about one foot -deep and the Weather is now Cold the River frosen -up the Ice a great thickness and the Indean Children -that is able to walk and up to tall boys are out on the -Ice by day light and all as naked as the Came to the -World Heare the are at all kinds of Sport Which their -Setuation Will admit and all tho the frost is very seveer -the apper quite Warm and a lively as I Heave -Ever Seen Children In mid Summer I am shure that -We Have Seen more than one thousand of these Children -on the Ice at one time and Some that Ware too -young to Walk Ware taken by the larger ones and -Soot on a pece of skin on the Ice and In this Setuation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -kick its [legs] Round and Hollow and laff at -those Round it at play—I have no doupt but that to -take one of our White Children and Put it In Such -Cold Weather in that Setuation it Cold not live Half -an Hour on the 23rd four Ietan Indeans arrive With -the news of Peace being maid With the osages by the -Big Cheefs below—</p> - -<p>five days before our arival at this place a battle -Was faught Near the mountains betwen those Indeans -and the Crows in which the formor lost nine men -and the latter fifteen—amongest the arrapohoes In -this Ingagement there Was one young Warear that -about two years ago Was Shot threw the boddey and -all the Skin taken off His Head down to His Ears for -a scelp—and in the last battle Was Shot threw one -of His feet Which Is now getting Well—and on this -[occasion] an alarm Was Raised of a War party -apoching Camp When this man With His father -Was amongst the foremost on Hors back to meet -danger—but the alarm Was With[out] foundation -and all Returned to Camp With[out] a fight</p> - -<p>the Kiawa Cheef Reported to us that He Head ben -In Council all day on the 23rd With the Ietan Who -proposed to Him to Join In a War against osages and -the White men—to Which He disagread—dureing -the Hole of that day the Ietan manefested a very unfriendly -dispsetion to Wards us—and the Princeple<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> -Cheefs Informed us that When mager longe<a name="FNanchor_70" id="FNanchor_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> Was -there He told them that the Predesent Wold Send -them plenty of goods and that the goods We Head -Ware Sent to Him and that We Head no Wright to -traid them but When He discovered that His demands -Wold not be Complyed With Chainged His -disposetion and Seems very frendly and this night -offered Conl glann and Mr Roy Each one of His -Wifes—the greates token of frendship those Indeans -Can offer—but the offer Was de Clined telling -Him that it Was not the White mans Habits</p> - -<h3 class="left">26th nov 1821</h3> - -<p>We moved one mile down the River to take a better -Camp and Build a house and git of of being so -Crouded—the Ietan and Some of the Kiawa threatned -to stop us but maid no atempt When We -Started. We maid our Camp With the old Kiawa -Cheef Who moved along With us Heare We Have -plenty of young Cotten Wood trees to Cut for the -Horses—With good Setuation for our Camp—</p> - -<h3 class="left">27th nov 1821</h3> - -<p>Early this morning Was advised of thretned atack -from the Ietan and the Kiawa and Padduce Indeans -in Consequnce of our moveing from their nibor Hood<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> -Set the hands at Work Cutting logs to build a House—a -Report Came that the Ietans Had mounted -Horses to atack us—We Continued at Work on a -House—and Was Informed that a party to Protect -us Head met the others and turned them back—the -Arrapohos about day light this morning Commenced -moveing to us and by night from two to three Hunderd -lodges Ware Round us as Close as the Cold Set -up their lodges Which Seemed to afford ample protection -from the others</p> - -<p>between 12 & 1 oclock We Received a veset from -the Ietan Cheef the first time He Came near us Since -We moved He Was very frendly and Efected to -know nothing of the difecuealty that had Existed—We -Have Heare now about seven Hunderd lodges of -the nations mentioned on the 25th With the addicion -of the Cheans—about two Hunderd lodges—We Sopose -those Lodges to Contain from twelve to twenty -pursons of all Sises—Some Horses Have been Stollen -Every night Since We arived amongst them Seven -of our own are amongst the mising a party of one -Hunderd and fifty men Went In pursute of the theefs -but Returned Without overtakeing them—We Ware -this day much afected by the arivel of Findley Who -Head been absent from us 30 days alone and on foot -He informed us that Ware parteys of Pannees Ware -both behind and before Him tho He seen none—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">28th nov 1821</h3> - -<p>about 10 oClock a party of 200 men Started the diferent -nations to Reinforce a party gon before them -In pursute of Stolen Horses With orders to Pursu till -the Caught them—the Indeans manefest a more -frendly disposion and Intimate an Intention of moveing -down the River In Consequance of the many -Horses Stolen from them Heare—betwen 4 and 500 -Horses Have [been] Stolen from them Since We -arived and mostly from the Pens in the Center of the -vilege surrounded by upwards of seven Hunderd -lodges of Wachfull Indeans—the Ware Parties Returned -Without Efecting any thing Except those on -foot Wore the Soles off their mockesons—</p> - -<h3 class="left">29th nov 1821</h3> - -<p>the Snow Has Intirely disappeered and the ground -dry as dust—</p> - -<p>the Remainder of the War partey Have all Returned</p> - -<p>on our Way up the River before our arivel at the -Indeans Camp I broke one of the glasses out of my -Specks—and on puting them on one day I soon felt -the Hand of an Indean grasp them from my face He -maid off as fast as poseble I gave up the Specks for -lost but Head no moad of Replaceing them—In a -Short time I Heard great Shouting and laffing and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> -looking to See What Was the Caus I discovered the -Indean that Head taken my Specks Leading an other -With the Specks on His face the felow Was Led up -to me and I was shoon that He Head but on Eye—and -that the Specks Wold Sute Him better [than] -me as the Head but one glass Heare Eanded the -Joack the Returned the Specks in much good Humor -amongst all the Ware present</p> - -<h3>30th november 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Pased this day With out any diffigualty Prepareing -Some Hunters to trap in the mountains.</p> - -<h3>1st Decembr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">fine Weather nothing new—</p> - -<h3>2nd norr [Dec.] 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">an alarm of the Enemy found two of the Horses Soposed -to be stolen—the Ietan braught them In—the -Hunters detained on act of an alarm—</p> - -<h3>3rd Decmbr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Started the trappers under the Command of Slover—and -With Him Simpson—maxwell—Pryer Findley -and Taylor</p> - -<h3>4th Decmbr 1821</h3> - -<p>Fine Weather for the Season this day termenated -Without any difegualty—the Ietan Cheef Sick Sent<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -for Conl glann to give Some medeson but declined -In consequance of His former bad Conduct</p> - -<h3>6th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Fine Weather the Indeans talk of moveing the Buffelow -are now drove to Some distance and this I [is] -not to [be] thought Straing as about one Hunderd -of them are Eaten In Camp Each day Sinc our aRivel</p> - -<h3>7th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Fine Weather—nothing new to day</p> - -<h3>8th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the morning fine Weather the Indeans Still talk of -moving but as yet Remain Heare—the furnish [us] -With Plenty of the best of buffelow meet at a low Rate -bu do not Wish us to Hunt them our Selves—aledgeing -We Wold drive the Buffelow all off the Ietan -Cheef Calling fore Some medecon a day or two back -and find[ing] His Complaint Was not dangerous -Conl glann gave Him Some Rice and Black Pepper -With derections to boil and make soop of it—to day -He paid us a viset Pufed up and Well as Ever the -Arrapoho Cheef Says He Was Restored to Health by -the Same medeson—</p> - -<h3>9th Decmbr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Fine Weather Continues—yesterday gave notice that -Some Horses Wold be purchased but none Has maid -their appeerence—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> - -<h3>10th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">yesterday purchased one very fine Hors from an Ietan -at a High Price—the Weather fine this morning but -the Wind from N W no more Horses offered this -day—</p> - -<h3>11th</h3> - -<p class="noindent">last night Was Clouday the River is now oppen Haveing -thad [thawed] in the those last Warm days—the -Weather is now Colder</p> - -<h3>12th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Cold Weather Still Continues but the River is -not frosen up yesterday a War partey Returned the -Ware of the Ietans—With 28 Horses taken from the -Crows on the River Platt below the mountains—the -Ware five nights Returning the Ietans this day -moved up the River We Ware unable to by any more -Horses tho We offered High Prices</p> - -<h3>13th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">last night the River frose up the Weather is very Cold -the Indeans determen to move up the River for Wood -and meet We offerd to go With them on the 15th -Which Satisfyed them very much and they offered us -Horses to Carry our goods but unable to make any -more purchases for feer We leave them a the [as -they] appeer much atached to us</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p> - -<h3>14th Decmbr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Indeans Exspect to meet the Spanyerds on the -River above this place to traid With them this morning -We Commenced packing up to move—</p> - -<h3>15th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Indeans furnished us With Some Horses Which -Inabled us to move With them up the River about -five miles<a name="FNanchor_71" id="FNanchor_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> West from our Camp and Heare Camped -on the South Side of the River—but about one mile -below Wheare We Camped the Kiawa Cheef With -His nation Had Stoped and Intended We Shold -Stop With them but the Arropoho Cheef told us We -Shold go to His Camp Which We Intend to do -but Heare a new diffqualty arises as the Clame us as -their frends—Which may lead to a Ware With them -and destruction to our Selves but this Was Soon got -over as two of our men Stoped with the Kiawa Cheef -till He got in a good Hummor and telling Him that -He aught to go With us—that it Was Him that left -us and not We that left Him—With this He Was Satisfyed -and one of the [men] Remained With Him all -night and frend Ship Was Restored the Kiawas Came -to our Camp as ushal—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> - -<h3>16th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the man and load left With the Kiawas Was braught -up and no difequality than the Refuse to Sell us Horses -Still feering We Will leave them—but to day purchased -2 mules and three Horses from the Arrapohos</p> - -<h3>17th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p>the Weather verry much moderated Haveing much -the appeerence of the Indean Sommer</p> - -<p>more Sevelity Exsists amongst those Indeans than -anny I have Ever knone it is de[si]rable on that accoumpt -not to Camp Seperate from any of the Bands—but -on the other Hand you are Continuly Crouded -With young men and old begers—We yet Want -about ten Horses—and all tho there is about 20,000 -in our inCampment and the [Indians are] distetute -of Every thing—We are afraid We Will not be able -to obtain them the Arrapohoes Have but few in Compareson -With the others owing to their Haveing last -Sommer traided With Chians of the mesurey [Missouri]—the -Ietan and Kiawa Have great nombers -of very fine Horses—and Equal to any I have Ever -knone—</p> - -<h3>18th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">about ten oclock last night the Wind Chainged to the -West and the Weather Exstreemly Cold So that We -Cold not do any thing—We yesterday traided for two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> -Horses and one mule—the Kiawas paid us a viset and -Invited us to a feest So We are frends again—</p> - -<h3>19th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Cold In Creces So that it Is Imposeble to travel -on the Pirarie—the Children Have now fine Sport on -the Ice</p> - -<h3>20 Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">at day light We Ware alarmed by the Sound of Heavey -bloes Struck by one Indean uppon an other Who Run -towards our lodge and Was persued with the tamehak -at about one Rod distance a blo Was Struck but the -Indean Run Round our lodge—but Was overtaken -and Receved a Heavey blow on the Back of the neck -Which felled Him to the ground apperently dead—but -a nomber of Squas Interfeered and Carryed -off the Soposed dead Indean and Saved His life—We -find Him to be the Son of the Kiawa Cheef and -first frend amongst the Indeans His murdorer Was -the brother of the great Arrapoho Cheef and our -frend and protecter We are now feerful of the most -Seerous Consequences as We are not able to Say -What may Happen betwen the two nations—as War -betwen them Wold be fatel for us</p> - -<h3>21st Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the man Wounded yesterday is not dead and is likely -to recover—the Case of the atack on His Was the -Steeling the medecen bagg of the other Who Was a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> -Cheef no other difequelty is apprehended as the bagg -is Returned and axepted—We have Sucseeded in -purchasing as many Horses as Will answer our Purposese -of moveing—at night the Snow began to fall—</p> - -<h3>22nd Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Ietan Cheef Has not viseted us Since He moved -up the River in Consequence of not Receveing Some -presents He demanded on the day He moved but the -Braves appeer friendly this four days We Calcolate on -moveing on Crismus day to the mountains no Inter -Corse betwen the arrapoho and the Kiawa for two -days</p> - -<h3>23rd Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Informed the Indeans that on the 25th We Wold -move to the mountains—at night Indeans Inform us -of their detirmenation to move With us—</p> - -<h3>24th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">promising to move the arrapoho determened to acCompany -us to night Conl glann Sent for the Kiawa -Cheef and paid for the use of His lodge allso gave a -meddle the likeness of genl Jacson Informed Him it -Was not the medle of His great father but it Was -given Him as a token of a great man and as the -frend of the White men and Charged Him at the -Same time that When Ever He meet the White man -to treat Him frendly to Which He agread With great -Satisfaction</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p> - -<h3>25th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this morning the Conl gave the Ietan Cheef a shirt -medle and Small presents With the Same Cerymones -and promeses as the Kiawa yesterday last Evening We -Sent for Him but being un Well and unable to Come -He Sent His brother by Home [whom] We Sent -[word] We Wold viset Him in the morning We -found Him very un Well and discovered the Indisposion -Was the Caus of His not viseting us Since -He moved up the River He Exspresed much frendship -and Satisfaction—</p> - -<p>the arrapoho move with us this morning.</p> - -<p>It is but Justice to Say We find the Kiawa the best -Indeans possing more firmness and manly deportment -than the arrapoho and less arogance and Hatey -Pride than the Ietan—we Ware In vited this day to -Eat With one of the arrapoho Cheefs He Seet before -us a dish of fat meat of Which We Eat plentyfully We -Ware then asked if We new what kind of meat We -Ware Eating We told We did not He then Said it -Wa[s] a dog telling us it [was] a great feest With the -Indeans—and that He Invited us for that purpose—</p> - -<p>We move up the River West Eight miles and -Camped on the South Side Crossing a fork<a name="FNanchor_72" id="FNanchor_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> -River at five miles this forke is Small and Heads to the -South there is Some Cotten Wood a long its bottoms -Which appeer to be very Rich and Wide Eknof for -farms—the Arrapohos acompany us We Ware fortunate -In parting With the Rest of our nibours With -out any difequalty—We Have now in all thirty three -Horses In Cludeing two belongeing to Peno one to -Vanbeber two [to] J and R Fowler and two to Duglass -one to Bono all in bad ordor—</p> - -<h3>26th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved late In Consequence of lose[ing] Some of our -Horses Which Ware not found till late In the day—our -Corse South 70 West five miles<a name="FNanchor_73" id="FNanchor_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a>—We Camped -on the South Side of the River to morrow the Indeans -make a Hunt</p> - -<h3>27th Decm 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We lay With the Indeans to let our Horses Eat Haveing -kept them tyed up Sinc We Started yesterday<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> -Pased a [Chico] Crick on the north Side of the River -its Corse is [from the] north—</p> - -<h3>28th Decembr 1821</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We moved about 12 oclock and Went five miles up -the River and Camped on the South Side Heare is the -Statement of Conl glann on parting With the Arrapoho -Cheef<a name="FNanchor_74" id="FNanchor_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a></p> - -<p class="noindent">I never parted with a man who showed as much sorrow -as the chief of the arrapoho He persuaded us very -much to stay with him one moon longer—stating to -us the danger of having our horses stolen &c &c but -finding in the morning we determined to start he -made no objection, after giving him a medal &c as -I did to the other Chiefs—and making a small present -with all of which he was much satisfied when I shook -hands with him to start he threw himself on his bed -in tears—after traveling about one mile we was overtaken -by one of his brothers, a young chief with a request -to incamp on this side as his brother was starting -to follow so as to sleep one more night with us we -are truly fortunate in having those 3 nations with us—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p> - -<h3 class="left">29th Decr</h3> - -<p>The chief did not arrive last night as he sent us -word—but early next morning an express arrived to -inform us that instant as he was starting Two spaniards -arrived and that a party of 60 were expected to-day -with a request for us to return and see them—Mr -Roy & myself immediatly returned, and recᵈ with -as much Joy and satisfaction by the village as if -though we had been absent for one year the friendship -which they shew us before the spaniards will convince -them that shoᵈ the party expected be hostile we -will have the friendship of the Indians and although -my party is now only 13 men in all I fele no fear in -meeting 60 Spaniards, with the multitude of the -Indians.</p> - -<h3 class="left">30th Decr</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Yesterday at about 3 Oclock we went out to the -Prarie to see if we could discover the spanish party—we -discovered them about 5 miles distance, we advanced -to meet them—when they discovered us they -halted and formed to receive us in “military style”—we -were requested by our Companion to Halt, when -we were received on a full charge—To within ten -paces of us when the men all dismounted and embraced -us with affection and friendship—they are all -creoles of that country—seem well disposed—possess<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> -far less sence than the Indeans we are with, seem -happy and possess a greater degree of Joy at seeing -us than could be Immagined—It is a matter of astonishment -the difference of treatment of the Indians to -them and our party—the Indians Commanded them -as much as we command our negroes—At night the -Indians asked us if we were willing to let the Capt. -and his principle man sleep [in] the lodge with us, -which we agreed to—the Indeans derected them to -pray so that we may see their fashion which they -readily agreed to and went through with the Catholic -prayers, and afterwards prayed fervently for us—their -whole trading equipment in the U. S. would not sell -for fifty dollars—In short to describe them would require -the pen of a Butler and the pencil of a Hogarth—They -leave here to morrow for home and I intend -to accompany them—</p> - -<h3 class="inline">31st Decr.</h3> - -<p class="noindent">It is only necessary to Judge of them to -say the Capt. and all his party were painted like the -Indians the day they traded—and during the prayer -the Capt. Caught a louse on his shirt and eat it—<a name="FNanchor_75" id="FNanchor_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a></p> - -<p>the Spaniards moved up to our Camp from the Indeans -for the purpose of [selling] us Some Corn the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> -no [they know] nothing about our moad of measurement -but ask at the Rate of ten dollers pr Bushil the -ask thirty dollers for a mule and one Hunderd dollers -for ther best Running Horses—We Intend leaveing -this With the Spanierds in the morning—</p> - -<h3>January 1st 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this being a holaday With our nibours We lay by all -day—Haveing about two pounds of bacon Which I -Head kept as a Reserve I Heare Shewd it to the Indeans—the -Cheef asked What kind of anemel maid -that meat When He Was told a Hog He Requested -the Shape of it to be maid on the Sand When that -Was [done] all the Indeans said the Head never Seen -Such an animal and appeered to Wonder and think -it Strange that the Head never Seen the like Soposing -them Selves to Have Seen all kind of anemels—</p> - -<p>I Heare left mager Fowler in Charge of the Camp -With Instructions to fortify His Camp and Hors Peen -to treat all Indeans frendly but traid With none—and -shold War party Call to let them Have Some Powder -ball and Paint With Some tobaco</p> - -<p>on the 30th ultimo three of our [men] Ware -Sent out to the mountains to Hunt for Buffelow -and Ware meet by a party of thirteen Indeans -of the Crowes Haveing With them about two -Hunderd Horses Which the Had Stolen from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> -Some other nation and Ware on theer Way -Home—the took our men Prisnors as fare as the -River Wheare the took from them their Powder ball -and Blankets giveing them nine fine Horses in payment -for What the Head taken While this traid Was -progresing the Horses Ware Crossing on the Ice—a -Ware Party of arrapohoes over took them a battle -Was the Consequence and Each party took off part -of the Horses and our men maid their Escape In the -Battle leaveing all the Horses the Head obtained of -the Indeans—the Ware treated frendly by the Crowes -and tolled the Ware taken only to prevent them from -giveing Information to the arrapohoes—the Crowes -Say the left the White People on the Platt about 10 -nights ago and that it Will take them three nights to -go there With their Horses Wheare the left the Rest -of their nation—the speeke on the most frendly terms -of the White men and Say the are about 35 in nomber—all -the nesecery araingements are maid for my -Self and four men to Set out in the morning to Cross -the mountains to Santafee—<a name="FNanchor_76" id="FNanchor_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a></p> - -<h3>Jany 2nd 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this morning the Spanierds Began to Collect their -Horses and load for their departure—Conl glann and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> -four men Set out With them—leaveing me With -Eight men in an oppen Camp With the ballence of the -goods after takeing Some things With Him to Sell -So as to pay their Exspences. We are now In the -Hart of the Inden Cuntry and Emedetly on the great -Ware Road—not only of one nation against the -others—in the Road to all the Spanish Settlements -With Which the Indeans on this Side of the mountains -are at War—So that our Setuation is not of -the most Plesent kind—We Have no meet In Camp—and -Con Clude to Send two Hunters out With -Horses in the morning to kill Some meat Intending -to Set the ballence of the Hands at Work to build a -Hous and a Strong Peen for the Horses at night</p> - -<h3>Jany the 3rd 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Roas Early to Start the Hunters ordered two of the -men to Prepare the Horses While the Hunters got -Readey—but the men lay Still I maid the Second Call -but With no better Sucsees—I then discovered that a -mutney Was Intended—and Emedetly drew one of -the men from His beed by the top of His Head. but -[one] of his frends in the Plott asisted Him—and We -Ware Soon all In a Scoffel. but Robert Fowler Soon -Came to my asistance—and the bisness as Soon -Ended—tho it Was Some time before the gave up -their Intended muteney and five of them Seperated to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> -them Selves and declared the Wold do the plased and -Wold not be ordered by any other porson—I soon -discovered that the Exspected the Spanierds Wold -not let Conl glann Return and that they Intended to -make the best of the goods the Cold—aledgeing the -Ware the Strongest party and that the Wold pay -them Selves—on Which discovery I told them that -un less the Wold Return to their dutey I Wold send -for the Arrapoho Cheef Who Wold be gld to asist -me to take Care of the goods and that the might go -Whare the plased—and that I Wold not Suffer them -to meddle With the goods—the then Held a Councle -and sent one man to tell me that If I Wold be -acountable to them for their pay—the Wold go to -their dutey and do What I ordored them—to Which -I toled them I wold make no new Bargen With them—and -that If the Chose the might go on With their -mutenous Sceen—that I Cold protect the goods till -the Indeans Came for Which I Wold Soon Send—the -then all Came and Stated that the Wold do What I -told them and Wold go to Work Emedetley—and -asked me to think of them and Secure the pay for -them If Conl glann Shold not Return Which the -Espected He never Wold. and that it Wold be Heard -for them to loos all their Wages—to Which I toled -them if the Continued to do as good and Honest men -aught that as fare as the goods Wold Reech they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> -Shold be paid—the two men Went out to Hunt but -Returned With out killing any thing—now all Hands -Went to Worke Willingly and by night We Head the -Hors Peen finished and the Hous With two pens four -logs High—Which maid part of the Hors Pen and the -door of the Hous in the Hors Peen Which Was So -Strong that a few Indeans Cold not take the Horses -out With out Choping Some of the logs—and must -Waken us all tho We Slept Ever So Sound—</p> - -<h3>Friday 4th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p>Went to Work Early got our House nine loggs -High—and began to pitch the tents on the top by -Way of a Roof the House Just Wide Enof for that -purpose We Heared a gun near Camp two of -the Hunters out We Soon Heared another and -then Several others I took up my gun and Went to -the plase Whear Robert Fowler Head killed two deer -and Wounded Several more Heare We met With -Ward With one deer and one turkey We Have now -plenty of meet the first We Have Head for five days -all Which time We lived on Corn precured from the -Spanierds—</p> - -<p>yesterday While we Ware building our House the -Arrapoho Cheef and two of His Brothers Came to -our Camp With one mule We had lost While With -them—for Which I gave them Some presents—one of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> -them Went to our Horses and Caught Hold [of] one -Which Ward Head braught in a few days ago Which -He Soposed the Crows Had lost—but the Arrapoho -Clames—and I have no doupt of His being the oner—Ward -derectly asked the Indean for presents Stating -that I Head given them Some thing for finding -the mule that He Wanted Some for finding the Horse—but -this demand ofended the Indeans He Stated -that the did not Cut off the mules tail to alter its looks -as Ward Had don the Hors—and throing down What -the Head Receved said the Wold keep the mule and -that they Head lost three Horses and Soposed that -Ward Head taken them all and that the other two -Ware yet among our Horses and Went and looked—but -Cold find no more—I told them there Was but -one braught to Camp and that Ward Had don Rong -to Cut the Horses tail—that He Head allso don -Wrong to ask any thing I gave them up the Hors and -told them to take What I Head given them—Presented -the pipe Which the Smoked beged Some Powder -and Bullets Which gave them—the are now quite -pleased—Set off to go to their Camp Huging us all -before the Start telling us the move Camp to morrow -and Will meet us in the Spring on the River as We go -down</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Saterday 5th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p>three men Went With Horses on the Hunt of Buffelow -but Returned With out seeing any this day finished -our House and Packed in all the goods</p> - -<h3>Sunday 6th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up to the Warm Spring Branch<a name="FNanchor_77" id="FNanchor_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> and Soot two -traps but the Weather is So Cold I beleve the bever<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> -Will not Come out—duglass in the Evening on driveing -up the Horses Reports Some Buffelow In Sight -the Hunters Will look for them In the morning</p> - -<h3>monday 7th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p>Went out to look for the Buffelow Seen them but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> -killed none—Went With Robert Fowler to the traps—Caught -nothing on our Return We Went to the -Washed Rock as We Called it Which Stands near the -Bace of the Second bottom or low Hills the are about -fifty feet Higher than the low Bottom and Exstend -back to Some miles With out Riseing much Higher -it appeers that this High land Exstended once Round -this Rock and has been Washed a Way by the River -the Rock is about ten feet Higher than the Highest -land in the nibour Hood and in the neck of low ground -betwen a point of from 5 to 7 acers nearly Squair—and -the High lands back of the bottom—and In my -openion the best Setuation In all this Section of the -Cuntry for a garison as it is near Wood and Watter -Which is in the River about 100 yds on the South -West side of this table and about 50 yds from the -above Rock Which [is] only asendable on the East -Side Round on the top about fifteen feet diameter—a -stone Wall is Raised on the margin of Such a Hight -that a man may Sett With Safty from Small army in -the nibor Hood and about twelve men might [illegible] -With Convenence this Rock is about 400 Hunderd -yds from the mouth of the Warm Spring branch -Which is West from th Rock and Heads to the north -its bottoms a bout ½ a mile Wide—a large River bottom -on the South and West mostly Pirarie—the High -Ridge Exstends from the Rock about South East—this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> -Crick Contains Watter soffecent for mills and -With a long Raice plenty of fall may be Head—</p> - -<h3>tusday 8th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up to the mouth of the Crick from that to the -Hill mentioned yesterday and looking up the River -Seen the glisning of a gun barrel or Swoard blaid but -Cold See nothin Elce Returned to Camp</p> - -<h3>Wensday 9th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">my Self Robert Fowler and Jesey Vanbeber Went on -Hors back to look for Buffelow on the South Side of -the River at about one and a Half miles up the River -We Ware Stoped by Vanbeber Calling to us that He -Seen Seven or Eight Indeans on the Pirarie on the -north Side of the River—that He Seen their gunbarrels -gleson tho at about three miles distance We Returned -to Camp Emedetly—and Head the Horses -drove up and garded the ballence of the day—tho We -Seen nothing more of the Indeans—I Exspect the -Ware a War party looking for the Arrapoho to Steel -their Horses and that the Head Seen nothing of us or -the Wold Have paid us a viset—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 10th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went out on the South Side of the River took Pall -With me I went about three miles over leavel Loos<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> -Sandey land to a High Ridge from Which We Seen -one Buffelow about 2 miles beyound us—We Returned -to Camp Killed nothing—the Hunters killed -nothing—our meet scarce this morning Head the Ice -Sanded So as to make a Road for the Horses fine -grass on the north Side We put them over and Return -them at night in to the Pen Whear We feed them -With the tops of the Young Cotten Wood—of Which -the are very fond</p> - -<h3>Friday 11th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p>Sent the Horses over Early. duglas to Hord them as -Has been the Case Ever Since the Conl left us. one -man all day With the Horses and drive them up at -night the Wach by day is taken by turns amongest the -Hands We Have now thirty Horses In Cluding those -belonging to Indeviduels—about 12 oclock the Hunters -Came In from the mountains Six in nomber the -Weather Is So Cold the Cannot trap the Have Caught -only Seven Bever killed Some deer Ealk and buffelow -our Hunters kill one deer this day our Sperets are a -little Raised We are now fifteen In nomber and this -party bringing In With them Six Horses and two -mules We have thirty Eight In all</p> - -<h3>Saterday 12th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent four Hunters With Seven Horses on the South -Side of the River to the mountains to Hunt Buffelow<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> -and not to Return In less than three days Sent the -Horses over the River to Paster—With Barbo to -Hord them Who braught them all In at night</p> - -<h3>Sunday 13th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent the Horses over the River Dick Walters to Hord -them—all Returned Safte at night—the Hunters not -Returned—</p> - -<h3>monday 14th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent the Horses over the River With Bono to atend -them—He killed one Deer and Braught it to Camp -the Hunters Returned With Small Buffelow—the -Head Killed Several old ones but the Ware Poor and -left out the Horses all up at night</p> - -<h3>tusday 15th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">drove the Horses over the River on the Ice as ushal—I -then Went to look out a good Setuation for a new -Settlement on the north Side of the River—Intending -to move tomorrow Should no acoumpt Reach us -from Conl glann—as We began to Sopose He Is now -not at liverty to send or Return there being the full -time Elapsed in Which He promised to Send an Exspress—and -We think that a party of Spanirds may -be Sent to take us prisnors—for Which Reason Intend -makeing a Strong Hous and Hors Pen on the -Bank of the River Wheare it Will not be In the Powe -of an Enemy to aproch us from the River Side—and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> -Shold the Spanierds appeer In a Hostill manner We -Will fight them on the Ameraken ground. the River -Hear being the line by the last tretey—the Horses all -up at night</p> - -<h3>Wensday 16th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved Camp Early up the River on the north Side to -the Spot I looked out yesterday—We Built a Strong -Hors Peen and Put up the Horses at night—no Word -from Conl glann—We begin to Conclude as Is not -Well Him [all is not well with him]</p> - -<h3>thorsday 17th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent the Horses out to grase With Dick Walters to -atend them Robert Fowler and my Self Each Shott -one aughter [otter] on the Ice the Horses all up at -night no Word from Conl glann We Intend building -a Hous to morrow about one Hour In the night -thirty Indeans of the Crows Came In to our Camp -and Ware frendly Recogniseing the three men the -maid Prisnors on the 30th of last month and Exspressed -much Joy to See them. and that the Head -got Saft out of the fight With the Arrapohos—Stateing -the Ware going to War With that nation We -gave them Plenty of boiled meet of Which the Eat -Hartily I gave them Some tobaco to Smoke—after -the Head don Eating and Smokeing the Sung a long -Song and all lay down and Slept tell morning—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Friday 18th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Cheef this morning asked for Some tobaco Powder -and lead for His People Which I gave Him With -Which he appered Well Pleesed and gave me a Hors -and I then [gave him] four knives—the Indeans begun -now to move off—but takeing What the Cold -lay their Hands on—one of our men lost a Pistle I -toled [the] Cheef Who Returned [it] Emedetly—and -Caused all to be Returned He Cold but Some of the -Indeans Head gon before the artickels Ware mised -on fellow Came In to my tent threw down His old -Roab and took a new one—I took it from Him and -toled Him to take His own—and on His takeing it -took my Saddle bagg all So—I took them from Him -and Pushed Him out of the tent—by this time one of -the [men] Called out the an Indean Was going off -With His Blanket I applyed to the Cheef Who followed -the fellow and braught back the blanket—but -the fellow Coming back Presented His gun at Simpson—on -Which We Ware all Redey for Battle In an -Instent but the Indean let down His gun Picked up an -old Roab He Had left as it appeered in place of the -blanket the Cheef then moved them all off before -Him—but after the Ware gon Several things Ware -missing amongst the Rest a Roal of large Brass Wier -three blankets five knives a smelting ladle and Dick -Walters Shot pouch and Powder Horn With their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> -Contents the Cheef toled me the Ware In Sarch of the -Arrapohos Who He Said Head left [this] part of the -Cuntry and gon to the South that He Wold Return -Home to the River Wheare the White men Ware -traid Ing With His nation and Stated that the Whites -Ware Sixty five in nomber—the Indeans Have Eaten -up nearly all our meet and We feel alarmed least the -Shold Return—and Soon Set about building a Hous—nor -did We let out the Horses till We Ware Well -ashored the Indeans Ware all gone off—</p> - -<p>We built the Hous With three Rooms and but one -out Side door and that Close to the Hors Pen So that -the Horses Cold not be taken out at night Without -our knoledge We got the Hous Seven logs High -and Well Chinked the goods al stoed a Way before -night—two of our Hunters Went Some distance on -the Indean trail and See two of them Sitting on a -Hill as a Rear gard—and on our men Returning the -Cold See three Indeans following them Some distance -but least the Should Come back and take our Horses -the Ware all drove Into the Peen and garded the balence -of the day and all night—We now felled trees a -Cross the Hors Peen So that it Was Imposeble for -the Indeans to take the Horses out With out Choping -them off and our door and Hors Peen door Ware -So Setuated that [they] Cold not be taken out With -out our knoledge as We kept two Sentnals all night<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> -and all the men Slept With their armes Readey beleveing -the Indeans from the disposetion Shoon to -Steell When the left us Wold Return at night and -Steel our Horses—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 19th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent out the Horses Early and Bono to Watch them—the -Ware all up at night and two Sentnals up all -night We See nothing of the Indeans but Exspect -them In a few days—the Cheef toled us He Exspected -to Return In a few days and that We Shold move up -betwen the mountains out of the Ware path that a -great many parteys Wold Com this Way and Wold -Steel all our Horses and take our goods to avoid -Which We must go up betwen the mountains out of -their Way and Whear there Was plenty of deer Elk -and Buffelow and that as the White mans frend He -Wold viset us there—</p> - -<p>How Ever good this advice I Cold not Pursue it till -the time Sott by Conl glann to Return Shold Run out -Which Wold be on the 2nd day of febury—and if He -did not come by that it Wold be becaus He [was] -detained a prisnor—and then I was to go Whear I -thaught best</p> - -<h3>Sunday 20th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Horses out Early Ward and maxwell to gard them—Robert -Fowler and Slover Caught one bever and a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> -bever took off our trap Which appeers Was Swept -a Way by the Runing of the Ice—I sott 2 traps In -the Evening the Horses all up at night</p> - -<h3>Monday 21st January 1822—</h3> - -<p class="noindent">I Caught one large bever this morning—and Slover a -Small one—the Horses out Early—We are all most -out of meet—and our Corn begining to be Scarce Con -Clude to Send Hunters out tomorrow to kill buffelow -Horses all up at night</p> - -<h3>tusday 22nd Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">I Sent off three men with four Horses to kill Buffelow -Findley out to Wach the Horses Caught one -Bever the Hunters Return at night but killed nothing -found one mair Soposed to Have been -Stolen by the Indeans found two Horses and braught -them to Camp—Seen one other Hors the did not take -Will go after Him to morrow Horses all up at night</p> - -<h3>Wensday 23rd Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Horses out Early—High Wind and Clear—tho a little -Cloudey before day light—the Hole of this month up -to this time Clear Hard frosts at night the last ten -days Warm the Ice Which Was Eighteen [inches] -thick on the River is nearly gon and the River oppen—Caught -one bever and lost one trap Which Caught -a bever Which pulled up the Stake to which the trap<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> -Was fasned and all Went off together—the Horses all -up at night two of the men drove a Hors Soposed to -Have Strayed from the Indeans—the men now begin -to gro verey un Easey no Word from the Conl—He -promised to Send Peno back in fifteen days it is now -twenty three days and no Word We Exspect they are -all prisnors—and that a party of Spanierds to take -[us] will be Heare Shortly but them We Intend to -fight and not be taken and not leeve our House till the -month is out—and then go to Some Secure place in -the mountains and Remain traping and Hunting till -the grass groes So that our Horses Can travel a Cross -the grand Pirarie and then make our Way Home</p> - -<h3>thorsday 24th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Horses Sent out Early Simpson to atend them—Slover -and Robert Fowler Caught one bever—the -men maid Soap yesterday and this day the are Washing -their Cloths four men out to try and kill Some -der—Findley Caught one bever I am feerfull of sending -to any great distance from Camp least the Spanierds -Shold make an atack on us in their absence—and -We not Strong Enf to keep them off—In the -Evening I found one of the lost traps With a large -bever In it the Horses all up at night no Word from -the Conl—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Friday 25th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Horses out as ushal—Ward [and] Bono killed a -buffelow bull Braught In Some of the meat it Was -not fatt—taylor Road out to Hunt this morning Has -not Returned—the Horses all up at night—</p> - -<h3>Saterday 26th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Horses out as ushal—this morning a little Cloudy and -looks like Rain of Which We Have Seen not more -than Wold Wet a mans Shirt Since We left White -River in october last taylor Returned—but killed -nothing—the Horses all up at night two Bever Ware -Caught this day—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 27th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Horses Sent out Early I too[k] Pall With me and -Road up the north fork on the Warm Spring branch -about three miles no Ice to be Seen Except a little -on the Shores from Hear I Crossed the Cuntry to the -main River a distance of a bout five miles and Struct -the River a bout three miles above the forkes Heare -the River Has all the appeerence of a Clos Hard -Winter the Ice is Close and Strong all over the River -down to the forks While below as far as We Have -been for a few days the there Is but little Ice to be -Seen and a long the Shores—the Watter from the -Warm Spring must Shorly be the Caus—five Bever<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> -Braught Into Camp this day the Horses all up at -night—</p> - -<h3>monday 28th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Horses out as ushal and about ten oclock two of -the men Came Running In to Camp and Stated the -Indeans Ware Cetching all the Horses—Which to us -Was very unwelken nuse as part of the men Ware out -So that We Cold not Spair men anof to fight them on -the Pirarie—but In a few minets the Horses took the -alarm and broak from the Indeans and Came Runing -to Camp—and Was followed by the Indeans. but -Heare the Horses did not stop but took to the Pirarie -and the Indeans gave up the Chais—and Came to us -as frends—the Ware the Same party of Crows that -Ware With us a few days back and that Head Stolen -So many things from us When the Ware going a -Way I Emedetly Sent Some men after the Horses -and Head them Shet up In the Pen—In the main -time treeted the Indeans frendly give them Some tobaco -to smoke and boiled meat to Eat but Put all the -men to Wach as We new them to be theves It appeer -the Have been In pursute of the Arrapoho but Have -not bee able to tak Horses as the are all Returning on -foot—and Will take our Horses if the Can their Hole -party is now Collected and the are twenty Seven In -nomber that [is] three less than When the left us—the -Say the Had a fight With the Arrapoho and killed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> -five and I Sopose the lost the three mising—but now -our men are all Collected and the Horses fasned up -in the Peen We think our Selves a full match for this -party—the then offered me Some Roaps in Exchaing -for tobaco Which I gave them as We Wanted -Some Roaps the Chief then asken me for Some Powder -Balls Paint and virdegrees—I gave Him a ltle of -Each think Ing that if I gave Him What He asken for -the Wold not Steel—but in that I was mistaken for -When the begun to move of the began to Steel but -two kittles being mised the Cheef maid Serch and -found [one] the other He Cold not find—and Said -the fellow that took it Had gon off—the now appeer -to be all Readey to Start—and about ten of the go to -the Hors Peen and Exmen it and I beleve the Intend -takeing all the Horses—I ordeared all the men to -Stand Readey With His [gun] In His Hand but not -to use it till I Shot first—my Intention Was to avoid a -fight If poseble—but not to let them take our Horses—but -after looking Some time Round the Peen—the -Cheef Spoke and Said you aught not to Stay Heare -the Indeans Will take your Horses—go to mountains -out of this Ware Road—I am the White mans frend -and do not Want the Indeans to take your Horses—He -then Shook Hands to go off—and one of His -Cheefs Stole a bridle and put it in His bosem—Which -I seen I Pulled oppen His Roab and took the Bridle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> -from Him the then moved off about fifty yds and all -stoped and appeered to prepair for Battle With their -Backs towards us—We Ware Ready for battle but intend[ed] -to let them brake the peece first but the -Cheef looking Round to us and Pointing to the -Pirarie Called out tabebo<a name="FNanchor_78" id="FNanchor_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> Which We understood to -be White men—and Heare a new difecuelty presents -its self—these Indeans are at War With the Spanierds -and if that Shold be Conl glann With His party -the Indeans Will Sopose them Spanierds and atack -them—but to Prevent that two of our men Run threw -the Indeans and Joined the men and Came With them -up to Camp and the Indeans Receved them as frends -it proved to be Peno and Some Spanierds Sent by -Conl glann to Conduct us to the Spanish Settlement -Wheare the govenor and People Head Recd Him on -the most frendly terms and thus our feer from that -quarter Ware all Removed along With Peno there -Was a french Indean or Half Breed that Spoke the -Cro language We now Held a Counsel as our talk -Heare to fore Was mostly by Signs. Heare our -terms of frendship Was Renued the Cheef Stateing -that He Hated that His nation Shold be Called -theves that He Wold as much as poseble Hender -them from Steeling that He Had Cursed them for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> -Steeling but Cold not find the Kittle—Still telling us -to go to the mountains and out of the War Path that -He Had Hard Work to keep His People from Steeling -our Horses—at the Eand of the talk I gave them -Some Powder and tobaco—the Shok Hand and -moved off—the Weather Became Cloudey and about -dark Began to Snow a little</p> - -<h3>tusday 29th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent the Horses out Early the Hands to Packing up -the goods So as to Set out in the morning for the -Spanish Settlement agreable to advice from Conl -glann We now under Stand that the mackeson -[Mexican] provence Has de Clared Independance of -the mother Cuntry and is desirous of a traid With the -people of the united States Conl glann also advises -me that He Has obtained premition to Hunt to trap -and traid In the Spanish provences—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 30th Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We moved about ten oclock and Steered a little South -of the 3rd mountain over a level plain about ten miles -to a Crick a bout 30 feet Wide and Runs north East -and Heads in the mountains the Bottoms in this Crick -is from three to four Hunderd yards Wide and Well -Covered With Cotten Wood and Boxelder the Bluffs -about one Hunderd feet High frunted With [stone]<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> -of a grayis Coller and to appeerence Weell adapted -for Building—the Hunters killed two Buffelow -Bulls—</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 25 West 10 miles<a name="FNanchor_79" id="FNanchor_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a></p> - -<h3>Wensday [Thursday] 31st Jany 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out about 10 oclock and at about two miles -[s]truck the Spanish Road on our left Hand—which -leads to touse [Taos, N. M.] Which We followed and -at five miles fell on a branch of the Crick on Which -We lay last night—the meet about one mile below our -Camp—We kept up this Crick and out at the Head of -it and over a low Ridge to another Branch of the Same -Crick Which Puts in below the forkes of the other—We -Went up this Crick about one mile and Camped -near the Mountain makeing about 10 miles in all and -a little West of South—the Hunters killed three deer -and four Buffelow one of Which Was two Poor for -use and two left out all night the Hunters being alone -and not able to bring in the meet and it Was lost—deer -is plenty Heare but Wild We Will Stay Heare -to morrow for the Purpose of killing meet to load the -Spare Horses—</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 25 West 10 miles<a name="FNanchor_80" id="FNanchor_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p> - -<h3>thorsday [Friday] 1st Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hunters out Early—killed one Cow Buffelow With -In four Hunderd yards of Camp—but So Poor the -meat Was not Worth Saveing—three Bulls killed this -day and three Hors loads of meat Braught to Camp—two -deer braught into Camp—it is now Sunddown -and three Hunters out yet—this morning Was -Clouday and the Snow fell about 2 Inches deep—about -10 oclock at night the Hunters Came In Haveing -killed three Buffelow and loaded their Horses to -Camp one of them Slover—got His feet a lletle frost -Bitten—Conclude to Hunt to morrow as our Horses -Can Carry more meet</p> - -<h3>Friday [Saturday] 2nd Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">up Early to Start the Hunters out—but I now discover -the men are all feerfull of meeting With the Indeans -as We are near the War Road and Have maid -So much Sign In the Snow that the Will track us up -and Steel our Horses Whill We are So much Scattered -as not to be able to defend our Selves—and to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> -be left Heare Without Horses—at So great a distance -from Home—there is no knolede of What destress -We might Come to—</p> - -<p>I then Con Cluded to load up and move on the -Road Which We did and on loading up the Horses -We find seven Hors loads of meet We moved on -about six miles along the futt of the mountains to [a] -Crick<a name="FNanchor_81" id="FNanchor_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> Wheare We Camped for Wood and Watter—the -Hunters killed two Bulls this day but two Poor -for use—the Snow is Heare about three Inches deep -on the leavel Pirarie but on the north Side of the -Hills the old Snow is more than one futt deep and up -the mountains it is Still deeper—</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 25 West 6 miles</p> - -<h3>Satterday [Sunday] 3rd Feby 1822</h3> - -<p>Set out Early about South along the foot of the -mountains for about ten miles to a Crick<a name="FNanchor_82" id="FNanchor_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> [and] about -five miles [further] to Whar there the Remains of a -Spanish fort to apperence ocepied about one year -back—Hear We Camped<a name="FNanchor_83" id="FNanchor_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> for the night Which Was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> -Cold and Windey—So that the two men kept out as -gard With the Horses—Was like to frees—as We -Have kept two men garding the Horses all night -Ever Since We left our House on the River and Intend -keeping them up till We Rech the Spanish Settlement -We this day maid fifteen miles—</p> - -<h3>Sunday [Monday] 4th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Wind High and Very Cold We set out Early up -the valley<a name="FNanchor_84" id="FNanchor_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> a little West of South for about two miles -thence up the Point of a mountain and along a Ridge -leave High Peeks on both Sides till We took up a -High Hill and threw a Pine groave Whar the Snow is -three feet deep—and at about five miles from Camp -We Came to the top or Backbon of the mountain -Which devides the Watters of the arkensaw from the -Delnort Heare the Wind Was So Cold We Scarce -dare look Round—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p> - -<p>South 5 miles to the top of the mountain<a name="FNanchor_85" id="FNanchor_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a></p> - -<p>We then Steered more West down the mountain to -a branch<a name="FNanchor_86" id="FNanchor_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> of the delnort—and down that about -South for nearly ten miles to Wheare the mountains -are much lower Whear [we] Capted [camped] for -the [night] We Hear find no timber but Piny and -Roal Some old logs off the mountain for fier Wood—Dick -Walters is mising and on Inquirey He Had lost -His Blanke[t]s Comeing down the mountain and -tyed His Hors to a tree and gon back to find them and -that His Hors broke loos and overtook the Reer party -at about four miles from Whare He tied Him the -Hors Was Hear Caut and tied again it is now Sundown -and no Word of Dick We are afraid He is frosen -We maid fifteen miles this day—Walters got to -Camp Some time In the night</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 45 West 10 miles<a name="FNanchor_87" id="FNanchor_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Monday [Tuesday] 5th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early down the Crick nearly South at five -miles [leaving] the Crick on our Right Hand Came -to Crick<a name="FNanchor_88" id="FNanchor_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> Runing West With Some Cottenwood -and Willows We Crossed this Crick Into an oppen -plain<a name="FNanchor_89" id="FNanchor_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> of great Exstent We Have now left the -mountains behind us and on our left Hand tho there -are Some to be Seen at a great distance on our Right -and In frunt—our Cors is now South and Crossing a -Small Crick at three miles and at twelve miles farther -Camped on a Crick<a name="FNanchor_90" id="FNanchor_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> 40 feet Wide full of Running -Watter Some Cotten Wood trees and Willows -We this day maid twenty one miles—South 21 miles</p> - -<h3>tusday [Wednesday] 6th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out the Sun about one Hour High nearly South -along the mountains leave them on our left and pasing -Some Small mounds<a name="FNanchor_91" id="FNanchor_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> on the Right Which Stand -alone in the Pirarie at fifteen miles Crosed a Small -Crick<a name="FNanchor_92" id="FNanchor_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> Runing West from the mountains a Cross the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> -plain and In the Evening Crossed two more Small -Streems Runing as before and at night Camped on a -Small Crick at the lower Eand of this large [San -Luis] vally Heare the mountain Puts a Cross the -Plain to the River Delnort about 6 miles to our Right -as We Have been going down that River at about -the above distance Ever Since We Came in to this -plain—on this Crick there Is a Small Spanish vilege -but abandoned by the Inhabetance for feer of the Indeans -now at War With them We this day troted the -Horses more than Half the time and maid thirty miles -nor did We Stop till In the night</p> - -<p>South 30 miles—</p> - -<h3>Wensday [Thursday] 7th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set [out] at an Early Hour Crossing a Crick<a name="FNanchor_93" id="FNanchor_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> -Well adapted for mills of Ither the Saw or the grinding -and plenty of tall Pitch Pine—We Heare proceded -up the Side of a High mountain and Continueing -alonge the Side of it the River Runing Close under -the futt of it So that the Was no other Way to pass—We -Continued over Ruff grounds and deet guters<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> -for nine miles to a Small vilege[94] on a Crick<a name="FNanchor_94" id="FNanchor_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a>—Heare -We Capped [camped] in the vileg for the night—and -our gides left us as Well as the Intarpreter after -Shewing us Into a Hous as He Said of Honest People—and -telling on ordors that I Had no money but -wold pay in Such artickels as We Had the land lord -Was verry Kind I obtained Some taffe<a name="FNanchor_95" id="FNanchor_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> for the men -as the Have not tasted any Sperits Since We left the -virdegree He put all our goods in a dark Room and -locked them up—and We lodged in an outer Room—the -Inturpreter and guide promised us to Return -to us Early—Sᵒ 30 West 9 miles</p> - -<h3>thorsday [Friday] 8th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Had the Horses up Early and With Some defequeelty -got out the Saddles and Bridles—and then -atempted to Settle the Bill but the Spanierd Ither -Cold not or Wold not under Stand me I Soposed the -amt about Six dollers—and layed ten Dollers Worth -of Knives and tobaco—Which He took up and put a -Way I demanded the goods but to no purpose He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> -Wold not let me Have them Still Saying that Battees<a name="FNanchor_96" id="FNanchor_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> -told Him not to let the goods go till He Came -now this Battees Was one of the men Imployed Heare -and Sent by Conl glann to asist us over the mountain—and -I began to ConClude that Some vilenus Skeem -Was at Worke betwen Him and the landlord as He -did not Return as He promised—but after about three -Hours disputeing and Indevering to get the goods I -Seen that nothing but force Wold do I Steped to my -gun and So did Robert Fowler I told the men to do -the Same—and [when] I Seen all Readey I Spoke -loud Saying I Wold Have the goods and Shoing much -anger—the Spanierd got in a better umer and gave -up the goods—So We loaded and moved on Crossing -a Crick Which Run West threw the villege Steered -a little South of East about twelve miles over a High -Butifull plain to the villege of St Flander<a name="FNanchor_97" id="FNanchor_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a>—In the -nibor Hood of touse.<a name="FNanchor_98" id="FNanchor_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> about two miles from the villege<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> -We meet With Conl glann at the Crossing of a -Crick<a name="FNanchor_99" id="FNanchor_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> Which [ran] West—on our a Rivel at the -villege We mised one of the Hors loads of meet -and on Inquiery it was found that one of the -Spanierds Head taken it of to His own Hous -at about three miles distance So We lost it -there being no moad of Recovering it—He was -one of the men Sent out to asist us over the -mountains and that morning With out being notised -put the load on His own Hors—and falling behind -maid His Eskape With the meet—We Heare found -the people extremly poor. and Bread Stuff Coud not -be Head amongest them as the Said the grass hopers -Head Eat up all their grain for the last two years and -that the Head to Pack all their grain about one Hunderd -miles—for their own use—We found them -Eaqually Scarce of meet and Ware offered one quarter -of a doller a bound for the meet We Braght in With -us—but this We Cold not spair and Haveing nothing -Els to eat it Will not last us long—and no Bread Stuff -to be got Heare We must Soon leave this Reeched -place—and now in the dead of Winter and the Waters -frosen tite Exsept the River Delnort Which is Said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> -to be oppen to Which We Intend to go as Soon as -poseble to Cetch Bever to live on as there is no other -game In this part of the Cuntry—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 9th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained In the villedge all day and In the Evening -there Was a Colletion [of the] men and Ladys of the -Spanyerds Had a fandango in our House Wheare -the appeered to InJoy them Selves With the Prest at -their [head]—to a great degree—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 10th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained In the villege all day But Sent out two -parteys of trapes to Remain out till the first of may -next—Hear it may be Remembered that a Capten and -Sixty men of the Spanierds Came in from the -arkensaw With Conl glann and little party—and now -the Same Capten and party Has Crossed the mountaines -again—but before He let [left] Home Has Interdused -Conl glann and Mr. Roy to His family Consisting -a Wife and two daughters both young Woman -the old lady Haveing paid us a visid In the morning -appered In a few minet quite formiler and as Well -aquainted With us as If She Head knone us for several -years tho She did not Stay more than about Half -an Hour—But in the after noon a boy Came With a -mesege for Conl glann mr Roy and the negro. Who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> -after Some Ceremony acCompanyed the two gentlemen -but With Some Reluctance aledgeing that He -Was not Settesfyed to go With out His master -aledgeing as the ladys appeerd more atached to Him -than [to] the White men—that there might be Some -mischeef Intended and uder those doupts He Went -as I before Stated and from the Statement of those -two gentlemen I Will Indevour to State What followed—it -Is a Custom With the Spanierds When Interdused -to Imbrace With a Close Huge—this Ceremoney -So Imbareshed Pall and maid Him So Shaimed -that I[if] a Small Hole Cold Have been found He -Wold Sartainly Crept Into it. but unfortnetly there -Was no Such place to be found. and the trap door -threw Which the desended Into the Room being Shut -down [for the Went In at the top of the House]<a name="FNanchor_100" id="FNanchor_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> -there Was no Poseble Way for Him to make His Escape—now -the Haveing but one Beed in the House -and that So large as to be Cappeble of Holding the -three Copple of poson—there Ware all to lodge to -geather and the mother of the daughters being oldest -Had of Corse the ferst Chois of Bows. and took pall -for Hir Chap takeing Hold of Him and drawing -Him to the beed Side Sot Him down With Hir arms -Round His Sholders. and gave Him a Kis from[?] -Sliped Hir Hand down Into His Britches—but it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> -Wold take amuch abeler Hand than mine to discribe -palls feelings at this time being naturly a little Relegous -modest and Bashfull He Sot as near the wall as -Was Poseble and it may be Soposed He Indevoured -to Creep Into it for Such Was His atachment to the -old lady that he kept His [eyes] turned Constently -up to the trap door—and to His great Joy Some person -oppened it to Come In to the Same Room—But -Pall no Sooner Saw the light [for their Rooms are -dark]<a name="FNanchor_101" id="FNanchor_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a> than He Sprang from the old lady and Was -out In an Instent—and maid to our lodgeing as fast -as Poseble Wheare the other two Soon followed and -told What Head Happened to Pall</p> - -<h3>monday 11th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained in the vilege all day nothin meterel took -place.</p> - -<h3>tusday 12th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">I Set out on a traping tower With Robert Fowler—Taylor -Walters and Pall With Eight Horses We -Went South West about ten miles to the bank of the -River [Rio Grande]—Which Bank or Bluf Was So -High We Cold see no Chance of getting down With -the Horses for We looked some time before We Cold -see the River the distance Was So great—and the -River looked like a Small Spring Branch that a man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> -might Easely Step over—and Head We not been told -that the River Was In that gap We Cold not Have -beleved the River Was there at all—We then Pased -down a long the Bluff about two miles and found a -path Way down the mountain—the Bluf or River -Bank as you may Chose to Call it Which path We -took but With great danger to our Horses and In -about two Hours going down that mountain We got -to the River Which is about one Hunderd yds Wide -and is fordable With Horses—and now takeing a -vew of the River I find it is at least one thousand feet -below the leavel of Pirarie. and is bound With a bluf -of Rocks on Each Side mostly Parpendickeler So that -there Is but few plases that Ither man or Beast asend -them—We are now at the mouth of the [Taos] Crick -Which Pases threw touse Heare is two Houses With -Each one family of Spanierds and it is not Poseble the -Have more than Half an acer of ground to live on. -and Shold a Rock Breake loos and Come down Wold -destroy the Hole Settlement</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 45 West 10 to the River</p> - -<h3>Wensday 13th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Robert Fowler and my Self Went down the River -about Six miles on foot to look for Bever no Sign of -any the River is So bound With Rocks that With -much difequaty We maid our Way Heare We found<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> -a nother Small villege<a name="FNanchor_102" id="FNanchor_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a> With Eight or ten Houses and -a foot Bridge a Cross the River over Which We Went -and Heare We found a Path up the River Hills Which -[were] full as High as Wheare We first Came to it -But Heare the Rocks are So broken that a Papth -Way is found up threw them after a long and tedeous -Walk We a Rived at the top of the Hil and found our -Selves on oppen leave[l] Pirarie of from forty to fifty -miles Wide. We are now on the West Side of the -River and Went up along the Bluf about two miles -and Came to a dry Crick Which put into the River -but the Rocks Ware So High on Each Side that We -Walked up it about one Hour before We found any -Poseble Chance of Crossing it after Which We pased -over the leavel Pirarie opset our Camp<a name="FNanchor_103" id="FNanchor_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> Wheare We -found a path leading down threw the Rocks to the -River and it appeers that there is no poseble Chance -of going up or down these Clifts but at those paths—for -as Soon as you Come to the top of these Clifts and -look down you are so struck With Horror that you -Will Retret In an Instant</p> - -<h3>thorsday 14th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Crosed the River Early and Wound up the mountain -along a path maid By the Spanierds among the Rocks<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> -till We arived at the top in the oppen World and -Steereing to the north leaveing the River on our -Right Hand and Camped at night opesed the villege -Wheare We Head the defequeelty Withe the land -lord We this day maid about fourteen<a name="FNanchor_104" id="FNanchor_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> miles—and -found no Watter for our Horses Sent two Kittles -down to the River for Watter Heare We find the -mountain about the Same Hight as Wheare We -Ca[m]ped last night With a path up threw the Rocks -maid by the People of the villege on the East side—14 miles</p> - -<h3>Friday 15th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early up the margin of the River about -twelve miles to the point of a mountain Cut off by the -River forming a parpendickelor Bluff of about fifteen -Hunderd feet High—over this mountain We Head -to Clime on the top of Which the Snow Was nee -deep—tho there Was none on the Pirarie We Went -four miles farther and Camped on the margen of the -River Sent down two kittles for Watter and sot two -bever traps—Heare the Rocks or Bluffs are a little -Broken and not quite so High as Wheare We Stayed -the two nights past—tho Heare they are about nine -Hunderd feet High and So Steep—Exsept the Spot<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> -Wheare Sent down the kittles that a Squerel Cold not -Climb them—our distance this day is Sixteen miles—16 miles</p> - -<h3>Satterday 16th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">found one Bever in a trap this morning Sott the two -traps again and moved up the River about Six miles -and Ca[m]ped on the margen of the River the Rocks -not So High as last night but So Steep that We Cold -not git Watter from the River and melted Snow for -that Purpose Which We found among Some Rocks -We found some dry Ceders for fier Wood—6 miles</p> - -<h3>Sunday 17th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Very Cold Haveing Snowed a little In the fore part -of the night Sent for the two Bever traps—the River -Had frosen over them So that We Caught nothing—Seen -two men on Hors Back at a great distance Soposed -to be Indeans—the Road off as fast as their -Horses Cold Carry them—We this day Seen Six Wild -Horses tho two of them must Have been In Hands as -their tails Ware Bobed Short—We find no game yet -and our Stock of provetion Is nearly out—</p> - -<h3>monday 18th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Sot out Early up the River and at about 12 miles -Came to the upper Eand of the High Rocks<a name="FNanchor_105" id="FNanchor_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> -going down a gradual decent three or four Hunderd -yds Came to a low Bottom on the River the Bank being -low not more than six or Eight [feet] High the -River butifull and a bout one Hundred yds Wide—But -all frosen up tite—We Heare got Watter for the -Horses—it Is Heare proper to Remark that the -River as far as We Have Seen it pasing down betwen -the High Rocks or mountains—dose not move -In a very gentle manner as It appeers much Impeded -by the Rocks falling from Each Side. and is forsed forward -dashing from one Rock over others In almost -one Continued foam the Hole distance threw the -mountains Which from What I Can larn is about -seventy miles When it appeers below In an -oppen Cuntry—I Have no doubt but the River -from the Head of those Rocks up for about -one Hundred miles Has once been a lake of about -from forty to fifty miles Wide and about two Hunderd -feet deep—and that the running and dashing of -the Watter Has Woren a Way the Rocks So as to -form the present Chanel—We this day Crosed a dry -Branch. But Have not Seen one Streem of Watter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> -In all the distance We Have Came up on the [west] -Side We travled nor Cold our Horses get one drop of -Watter in all that distance but the Eat Snow When -the Cold get it—We Went up the River a bout Six -miles further and Camped on the East Side in a Small -grove of Cotten Wood trees the Ice In [is] now so -Strong the Horses Can Cross at pleasure—We find -nothing to kill Exsept two of the Big Horned Sheep -[<i>Ovis montana</i>] one of Which Robert Fowler shot but -Cold not git it—</p> - -<p>We this day maid Eighteen miles our Corse about -north all the Way up the River—North 54 miles<a name="FNanchor_106" id="FNanchor_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a></p> - -<h3>tusday 19th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early up along the West Side of the -River and at two miles Came to High Short Hills -Which Put In Cloce to the River on both Sides and -Continu for about three miles Wheare We find Wide -and low Bottoms—Heare We See timber a Head -Wheare We Will Indevour to Camp this night—and -at ten miles We Came to Slovers party In Camped -about two miles up Pikes forke of the Delnort and -about three miles below His Block House Wheare He -Was taken by the Spanierds—this fork Is oppen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> -ocationed by the large Warm Spring Spoken of In -Pikes Jurnal this party Has Caught Some Bever and -their Is Sign of more in the River our Cors this day -Was north 30 West ten miles—there is plenty of Cotten -Wood trees and Willowes along this but Scarce a -tree on the main River</p> - -<p>N 30 West 10 miles<a name="FNanchor_107" id="FNanchor_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a></p> - -<h3>Wensday 20th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We moved up the River threw the Bottom Which is -about fifty miles Wide In Cluding the second Bottom -leavel and Rich and not a tree to be Seen Exsept a -few along the River bank—We maid twelve miles. -and Camped on the East Side among Some Willows -and geathered drift Wood for our fier—the Weather -Is very Cold the Snow fell last night about two Inches -deep—Cors north 12 miles<a name="FNanchor_108" id="FNanchor_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a> See nothing to kill</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> - -<h3>thorsday 21st Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Crosed over on the Ice and up the West Side of the -River the timber and Brush Is now plenty In the low -bottoms Which are from two to four miles Wide tho -these are not all Covered With timber—and Hear -there Is on both Sides What We Call a second bottom -a little Higher than the first—the Hole now -makeing a distance of from 30 to 40 miles now Since -We Have Came to the timber We find much Sign of -Bever—But the River Is So frosen that We Cannot -ketch them We Camped on the East Side of the -River and Conclude to go to the West mountains<a name="FNanchor_109" id="FNanchor_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a> -In the morning and try to kill meet to Eat as our provetions -are all gon—nor Have We Seen any kind of -game Since We left Slovers party N 45 West 18 -miles</p> - -<h3>Friday 22nd Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Robert Fowler and my self Set out Early on futt for -the West mountains and Steered for a Small streek of -Brush Whear We Exspect to find Watter as that kind -of Brush dos not grow With out We on the Way See -Eight[y] or 90 Wild Horses and In devour to git -In Shot distance so as to kill one to Eat—but In that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> -We failed for Whin We Ware at about one miles distanes -the Seen us and all Run off—We Went to the -mountain and Camped by the Side of a large Rock -Wheare We [found] both Wood and Watter Was -plenty but nothing to Eat Pall and taylor Came up -With the Horses We all Went up the mountains -to Hunt But See nothing to kill—but there Was -Some Sign of the Big Horned Sheep on the -Sides of the mountain amongst the Short Pine -Which Is plenty Heare In Some plases—the Weather -Is Cold and Some flying Clouds—our Corse Was this -day West 12 miles—We Heare found by going up -the mountain the Snow Was So deep We Cold not -travel tho there Was little or none In the valey</p> - -<p>West 12 miles<a name="FNanchor_110" id="FNanchor_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a></p> - -<h3>Satterday 23rd Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Conclude to go to the River and up it till We -find game—Pall and my Self take the Horses and -Steerd north to the River about ten miles Robert -Fowler and Taylor out on the Hunt—Camped on the -West Side of the River—nothing killed this day—</p> - -<p>north 10 miles [to] West Side of the River<a name="FNanchor_111" id="FNanchor_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Sunday 24th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">nothing to Eat—Taylor Purposes to take Robert -Fowlers Hors and Ride Hunting Which Was agread -to He Went on the West Side of the River I Went -my Self on the East Side up the River about ten miles -to the Short Hills Seen Some Caberey but killed -nothing Taylor did not Return at night—nothing -to Eat but look at Each other With Hungrey -faceses</p> - -<h3>monday 25th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this morning Taylor Came Into Camp on futt Haveing -lost the Hors With Sadle Bridle Blankets nek -Roap and all In the first Short Hills on the West -Side of the River at Some ten or twelve miles up—and -that He Said He Head Seen many deer Elk and Bares—to -Which place We moved as fast as poseble and -got there about 3 oclock Seen a great many deer but -killed nothing—our Corse West ten miles</p> - -<h3>tusday 26th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">all out and Hunt till about 10 oclock but killed nothing -tho Seen Some deer—We now begin to think of -killing one of our Horses—but first move to a fresh -Camp Wheare We Have not disturbed the game and -try In the Evening again to kill Something We move<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> -about two miles to the River—as We Were now -Camped on a Small Crick<a name="FNanchor_112" id="FNanchor_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a>—and put out the Horses -Robert and my Self took our guns to Hunt on futt as -there Was much timber land Heare—but Taylor and -Pall Began to Complain of Hunger of Which Taylor -began gro black In the face and Pall Was gitting -White With the Same Complaint and the both -thaught the Hors Shold be killed. to Which Robert -and my Self Consented and gave them liberty to kill -Him as Soon as the Cold—but not Willing to See -that operation Robert and my Self Went off to -Hunt but We Soon Heard the gun fier that We Soposed -to kill the Hors—but We kept our Corse down -the River on the Ice as the Brush Was thick and dry -So that If We Went on land We maid So much nois -that We Could not git neer the game—but We Head -not gon far before Som deer Was Seen In the Brush -and Robert Went after them and killed two of them -He then Went to Camp for a Hors leaveing me to -take Care of the deer—but When He got to Camp -He found one of the Horses about Half Skined—but -another Was Soon got up and the deer Caryed to -Camp Wheare We Soon Head Suntious feest and -much Plesentness now appeered Round the fier tho -We lamented the fate of the Poor Hors—as now<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> -[we] Head no use for His flesh Which feel a pray to -the Birds and Wolves</p> - -<h3>Wensday 27th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sent Pall out Early to look for the Horses We Soon -Heard the Report of gun and not long after Pall Came -In With a deer on His back the first He Ever killed -In His life—We Have meet plenty and the Weather -Is now moderate Some Holes appeer a longe Shore -In the Ice out at Which the bever Workes We Sot -some traps this day—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 28th Feby 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one bever—and Hunted for the lost Hors—but -Have not found Him—</p> - -<h3>Friday 1st march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Taylor Caught one Bever—Hunted for the lost Hors—met -With vanbeber and two of His party the had -found our lost Hors—the Remained at our Camp that -night the Hors Head lost all but the Bridle</p> - -<h3>Satterday 2nd march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">vanbeber and His Party Set out Early up the River -We Con Clude to follow them one or two days Exspecting -We may find Some Elk—We Went up the -[River] twelve miles pasing at Seven miles a large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> -pond of Watter of about 40 acers on the West Side of -the River—the Bottom of Which is about one mile -Wide the mountains High on Each Side—the tops of -Which are a great Hight above vegatation at about -ten miles We Crost a fork<a name="FNanchor_113" id="FNanchor_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> Puting In on the West -Sid about one third as large as the River it appeers -to Head to the West—Heare the River makes a turn -to the north as fare as We Cold See up it—We -Camped With vanbebers party the Head killed one -Elk—our Cors West 12 miles—Heare the mountains -Put Close to the River Which [is] very Croked</p> - -<h3>Sunday 3rd march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">I Remained at Camp Robert [Fowler] and Taylor -Went Hunting the formor killed two Elk and left -the latter to butcher them While took out Horses -and braught them In to Camp</p> - -<h3>monday 4th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up the River to look for Sign of Bever but -found none</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p> - -<h3>tuesday 5th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We moved down the River to the first High point of -Rocks on the East [north] Side at the Head of the -large vally and about one mile below Where We killed -the Hors—Some Snow fell last night the Weather -Cold the River Is yet frosen up Close Except a few -Springs in the River bank Which keeps it oppen a -few feet—High Wind last night—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 6th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sot Some traps—Taylor Came In late at night Reports -that Some Indeans are Camped about Eight -miles below us on the River</p> - -<h3>thorsday 7th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Taylor purposes going to the Indeans Camp I gave -Him Some tobaco for that purpose—He Went to the -Indeans Robert my Self and Pall Road out the -mountains and on our Return We See a nomber of -Indeans at Camp Which We Cold See at Some distance -from the point of one of the mountains and not -noing what Indeans the Ware we vewed them about -Half an Hour—the then moved off from our Camp -and We Came In—Wheare We found taylor—tho the -Indeans Had Stolen two Buffelow Roabs Some lead -and two knives—and Ware of the utaws nation -[Utes] Which Roame about and live In the mountains<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> -Without Haveing any Settled Home and live -alltogether on the Chase Raising no grain—Slover -With His party Pased up the River this day—</p> - -<h3>Friday 8th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Remain at the Same Camp—Caught one Bever -and one aughter [otter] Ward and duglass Came to -our Camp from touse [Taos]—and State that the -Spanierds Have Sent 700 men against the nabeho -[Navajo] Indeans—and of a battle being faught between -Spanierds and the Panie Indeans East of the -mountains</p> - -<h3>Satterday 9th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Ward and Duglass Set out for vanbebers Camp—In -the Evening two Spanierds Came to Camp—Hard -frost last night</p> - -<h3>Sunday 10th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up the River above the forkes to kill meet the -two Spanierds With us—</p> - -<h3>monday 11th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Hunted till 12 oclock for Elk but found none—We -Continued up the north [fork] about Eight miles -Heare the mountains Close in on both Sides So that -our Pasege Was Defequal and the River turning to -the West—We maid ten miles and Camped With Slover -and vanbeber Partey the Have all meet Heare<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> -together—the Have killed two Elk Nᵒ 8 miles—West -2 miles<a name="FNanchor_114" id="FNanchor_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a></p> - -<h3>tusday 12th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Robert and myself Set out Early to Hunt and Haveing -been Informed that a Hot Spring Had been found -up the Crick Which put In to the River from the West -[south] Side a little above our Cam[p]—We Went -to the Spring about one and a Half miles up the Crick—But -the Smoke appeered like that of a Salt furnis—as -Soon as We Came In vew of it—the Snow Was -now about Six Inches deep over the valley of the -Crick But the Hot Watter Head kept the ground -Cleane for a few Rods Round the Spring—but What -appeered Straing to look at Was to see Ice Exstended -about three feet from the Shore over the Watter—tho -a boiling up In the middle of the Pon[d] Which Was -about three Rods a Cross and nearly Round the Spert -of Watter Rose up Some distance above the leavel -of the Watter In the Pon and Was about the -Size of a flour Barrel—now the question Was How -Can the Ice Existe on Hot Watter. I Caught hold of -the Ice as I Soposed—and [was] not only Scalded -With the Watter but the [was] Burned With the Ice -it being nearly as Hot as the Watter—bout on a farther<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> -Examination I found it Was a mineral Substan -that Had Congeled on the Watter of Which there -Ware vast quantitys laying below the Spring In the -Crick Which Run from it—We then Went up the -mountain till the Snow got So deep We Ware obliged -to Return—killed nothing—this forke [Hot Spring -creek] of the River Heads nearly [south] in the -High mountains—the main River Heading north<a name="FNanchor_115" id="FNanchor_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a> -and from appeerence the mountains Seperates and be -Comes Lower as you go up the River leaveing a large -valley—and low Bottoms along the River—the two -Spanierds tell us it is about one days travel to the -Head of the River—the Cuntry is low a Crass to the -arkensaw—about twenty miles north [west] from -Heare and Six East [north] of this River there Is a -large lake<a name="FNanchor_116" id="FNanchor_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> or Bodey of Watter that Has no out let -that there is Some Island In it With trees on them—the -all So State that this lake lyes be twen the Delnort -and the arkensaw and that the Cuntry is low all -the Way betwen the two Rivers—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Wendsday 13th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Heare left the two Spanierds With Slover as We -Head Dick Walters at His Camp on Pikes fork We -moved down the River a little below the main forkes -and killed one Elk Wheare We Camped for the night—bothe -the other partys pased us Heare and Camped -about one mile below us—the Ice begins to thaw and -all makeing for the Bever Sign—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 14th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">this morning two of our Horses Ware mising—about -twelve oclock We found them and moved down -to Hanging [Rock] as We Have Called it at our old -Camp—the Weather Has got Cold and the Ice -Harder—We Will not be able to trap for Some time -yet—We Heare find the flax [<i>Linum perenne</i>] In -abondance the Rute Is purenal [root is perennial] -but In Every other appeerence it is like ous—</p> - -<h3>Friday 15th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained In Camp—the Ice begins to thaw in the -day time but Hard frost at night—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 16th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained in Camp all day—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 17th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Remained in Camp all day—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></p> - -<h3>monday 18th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Some difequalty With Taylor He quits us or We leave -Him—and move up a Crick to the South a bout four -miles to Some bever Dams—Robert Fowler Complains -of the Sore throat for Some days—and is gitting -Worse</p> - -<p>South 4 miles</p> - -<h3>tusday 19th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Robert is Still Worse With the Sore throat—We apply -a sock With ashes Round His neck—He finds -Releef in about two Hours—Hard frost this morning -and Cold With High Winds</p> - -<h3>Wensday 20th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught three Bever and Examin the Crick about Six -miles Higher up to Wheare the mountains Close In -on both Sides there Is timber and Willows all along -this Crick and the bottoms about Half a mile Wid and -Well adopted for Cultavation on acoumpt of Eragation—as -no other lands Can be Cultivated Heare for -the Want of Seasnable Rains—</p> - -<p>Sᵒ 30 W 6 miles</p> - -<h3>thorsday [Friday] 29th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Have Remained Heare Waiting for the Ice to -melt out of the Crick but the Weather Continues Cold -and Clouday With frequent Snow Storms the Ice is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> -Still frosen over the bever dams So that We Caught -but few—Robert Sore throat Has gon much better—We -moved down to the River about 3 miles above -our old Camp killed three gees—Sot Some traps—the -gees is now Coming plenty and those We killed fatt -Which is pleasing to us as We Have now lived a long -time on Poor meet—Cloudey and begins to Snow—the -Ice is nearly gon out of the River</p> - -<h3>Satterday 30th march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Snow is about four Inches deep Caught one bever -killed one Sand Hill Crain [<i>Grus mexicana</i>] and five -gees—the day is Warm—the Snow all gon out of the -valleys but the mountains are all Covered moved -to down to the old Camp</p> - -<h3>Sunday 31st march 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught four Bever and killed five gees—the Weather -is gitting Cold</p> - -<h3>monday 1st aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Killed five gees—the Watter frose over the traps -Caught no bever</p> - -<h3>tusday 2nd aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught two bever—and Remained the ballence of the -day In Camp</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Wensday 3rd aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever killed three gees—the Weather -much Warmer We move up the Crick to the Bever -dams—find the Ice much thiner and Sot Some traps—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 4th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hard frost last night and frose up the traps Caught -but one bever We now find that In this Crick the -Watter Rises by Suns thaw Ing the Ice and at night -With the Hard frost so that the Rise and fall of the -Watter will defeet the traping</p> - -<h3>friday 5th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved Early about East threw a low [gap] In the -Spurs of the mountains about ten miles and Camped -a little below the Spanish Road leading to Pikes -[fork. In the] gap In the mountain—We Sot Some -traps—N 70 East 10 to the River<a name="FNanchor_117" id="FNanchor_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a></p> - -<h3>Satterday 6th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever—We find the River as Well as the -Crick Rises In the day with melting of the Ice for it -Cannot be the Snow In the mountain the distance up -to the Snow prevents the Watter from Ever Retching<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> -the vally the ground is so dry and loose that the Watter -all dis appeers before it Can Rech near the futt of -the mountains and Haveing Had frost at night the -River falls as much as it Rises in the day—Taylor -Came to our Camp to day and States that there are a -great many Indeans on the River both above and below -us that the Had Robed His Camp and taken all -His traps but that He Had followed them and got all -back but two traps</p> - -<h3>Sunday 7th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever and moved down the River about -12 miles on the north Side We Have killed twelve -gees Since We Have been on the River last—</p> - -<h3>monday 8th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever—Killed five gees moved down the -River to the lower Eand of the timber—the Indeans -are all gon to the West over the mountains the Ware -the utaws nation—</p> - -<h3>tuesday 9th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved down the River about ten miles—and then -turned East across the valley to a crick<a name="FNanchor_118" id="FNanchor_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> and up it -about five miles—this Crick Heds to the north as Is -the Same We Came down Where We Crosse the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> -mountains In feby last—We this day mett With venbeber -and Ward—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 10th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Heare Is Some Indeans from the Spanish Settlement—We -moved up the Crick about ten miles lost one -bever trap—Nᵒ 10 miles</p> - -<h3>thorsday 11th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up the Crick about three miles and found Some -Sign of bever—Sot Some traps—We yesterday pased -threw Some of the Richest bottom on the Crick that -I have Seen and Contains Six or Eight thousand -acers<a name="FNanchor_119" id="FNanchor_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a></p> - -<p>N 20 West 3 miles</p> - -<h3>friday 12th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cold and Clouday the Crick frose up—We Caught -nothing—We Set out threw the Pirarie down the -Crick a Snow Storm Came on and Caught us In the -Pirarie the Wind and Snow in our faces So that We -Cold not See one another two Rods—this Storm -lasted about two Hours and it Was Weel for us it -Seesed for We Cold not See Which Way to go and -our Setuation Was Realy unplesent—</p> - -<p>We Camped near the mouth of the [Trinchera] -Crick Wheare We found Some timber—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Satterday 13th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the ground is now Covered With Snow and Hard -frosen—We Have not Seen one morning With out -frost Since the Winter first Sot In—We Crossed the -River a little above Pikes forke [Rio Conejos] and -ConCluded to go back to the timber up the River for -Which We Steered for three or four miles and -Crossed a large Streem [La Jara] of Runing Watter -forty feet Wide and nearly beley deep to the -Horses—We Head Crossed this Same Crick In febuy -last [Feb. 20] but the Was no Watter then In it -it Haveing to pass over about twenty miles of oppen -leavel Pirarie it Was all frosen to Ice—at that time -and Is now melted and Coming down—the Snow -Has disappeered In the valey but the mountains -Covered—</p> - -<h3>[Sunday, April 14th—no entry]</h3> - -<h3>monday 15th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught 2 beve and killed one goos We yester day -Seen our Hors lost by vanbebers Party but So willd -We Cold not take Him—</p> - -<h3>tusday 16th april 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever and moved up the River about four -miles and Camped on the West Side vanbebers party -pased us on the East going up all So—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Wensday 17 aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one bever and moved up the River about 12 -miles the day Cloudey and Cold Comesed Snowing -fast In the Evening and Continued till late at night—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 18th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Snow about Six Inches deep We Caught one -Bever and killed four gees—the day Warm the Snow -all gon before night—</p> - -<h3>Friday 19th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">killed two gees and Caught two Bever—Remained -the ballence of the day at Camp—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 20th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught 2 Bever and killed two gees the Weather -Warm the grass begins to appeer a little moved up -the River a bout Seven miles Seen about twenty Elk -Robert Shot one but it went off With the Rest—the -mountains are Still Covered With Snow tho none In -the valeys—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 21st aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught two bever killed one goos moved up the River -about Six miles Seen nine Elk—</p> - -<h3>monday 22nd aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught two bever killed one goos and moved up the -River to the Hanging Rock<a name="FNanchor_120" id="FNanchor_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a> and from that to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> -Bever dams on the Crick Wheare We left on the 6th -Instent Soposeing the Ice Wold be gon out of the -Crick—</p> - -<h3>tusday 23 aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught two bever—the Weather Cold—no game -Hear and the Bever Poor We Will move to the River -In the morning on acoumpt of killing gees to Eat—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 24th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught two bever moved to the River and Crosed -over to the East Side and Camped a little below the -Hanging Rock killed one goos and one duck—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 25th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Caught one Bever killed one goos and moved down -the river about five miles—</p> - -<h3>Friday 26th april 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out down the River Intend to go to the Settlement -We are giting Scarce of Powder Haveing to -Shute So much at gees for Want of larger game—killed -two Caberey and one Elk—maid Eight miles -and Camped on the East Side of the River—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 27th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">killed two gees moved down the River near the lower -Eand of the timber Seen many Elk the Have now left -the mountains and Come Into the timber land on the -River to feed on the young grass—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Sunday 28th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">no frost this morning and the first We Have Seen -this Spring—the grass groes but Slow the trees not -yet Buding the ground is as dry as dust no moisture -but the Snow Since We Came to the Cuntry and -the Spanierds Say that It is three years Since the -Have Had Rain—we moved down the River about -four miles and Crossed to the West Side of the River -and Steered South at about ten miles Crosed the Willow -Crick and at about fifteen miles pased a Spring -In the leavel Pirarie Which Contained about on Hog-set -of Clear Cool Watter Standing on Rise or mound -of Earth a little above the leavel of the Pirarie the -ground Round this Spring Was quite Soft and Wen -We Ware at the Watter by Jumping on the ground -you Cold See it Shake for about two Rods all Round—about -five miles farther We Crosed Pikes forke at -the mouth of the Warm Spring Branch Spoken of -by that gentleman In Jurnal<a name="FNanchor_121" id="FNanchor_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> We then pased threw -Some low Hills a little East of South Seven miles to -the River and Crossing over found the Watter up to -the Saddle Sceats and one of our Pack Horses fell -down with his load and Was not able to Rise So that -We Had Some difequalty to Keep Him from be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> -drounded We then pased over a low Ridge about Half -a mile and Camped on a crick Wheare We found -Some Woods—</p> - -<h3>monday 29th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday With High Winds Some Snow—We moved -on Intending to Camp on a branch With Some timber -on the East Side of the Snake Hill at twelve miles We -maid the Branch but no Watter—We Went up the -Crick about Eight miles and there found it a Bold -Runing Streem<a name="FNanchor_122" id="FNanchor_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> Hear We Camped for the night -makeing in [all] twenty miles We Seen Heare on -this Crick a great many Cabery but very Wild</p> - -<p>South 45 East 18 [<i>sic</i>] miles</p> - -<h3>tusday 30th aprile 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hard frost the Ice about the 8th of an Inch on the -kittle of Watter Killed a Woolf at Camp—and Set -out up the [Culebra] Crick to[ward] the mountains -about three miles Whear We Struck the Road to -touse [Taos] Which We took and Camped at the -Hords mans villege but no purson to be Seen the -Have deserted that place—about Sundown Six Indeans<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> -Came to our Camp the Ware of the apacha nation -now at Pace With the Spanierds—the derected us to -go off Emedetly Saying that the utaws Had Stolen -three Horses from our men and that [they] Wold -Steel ours if We Stayed at this place all night—We -geathered up our Horses and after night moved off -about three miles and lay Without fier—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 1st may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Went down to St flander [San Fernandez de -Taos] in the nibor Hood of touse [Pueblo de Taos] -and find Conl glann Is gon to stafee [Santa Fé] -We Remained Heare two days vanbebers Party -Head Came In and the french partey Is Heare all So—We -now find all the Horses that ware left Heare -very Poor and the Rainge near the vilege all Eat out -I then ConCluded to take all the Horses out of the -Settlement to good Rainge So as to fatten them or -the Will not be able to Cross the mountains on the -first of June as that Was the time We In tend to Set -out I therefore derected them all to be Collected -and that I Wold move them In the morning.—</p> - -<p>We Ware Informed that Spanish army Had Returned -that they Hag taken one old Indean and Some -two or three old Horses that Ware So poor the Nabeho -[Navajo] Cold not drive them up the mountains—for -it appers the Went up the Steep mountain<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> -and Role down the Rocks on their Pursurs So that -the Ware Compled to discontinu the pursute—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 4th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved up the Crick South about five miles and -Camped in the forks near Some Hords men Ho kept -a large lot of Cattle from [whom] We obtained Some -Cows milk We took With us 16 Horses—all We -Cold find</p> - -<h3>Sunday 5th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Went up the East fork of the Crick about Eight -miles—find the Bever Have been all taken out by -Some trapers—the mountain is High and Steep and -Croud Close to the Crick on both Sides We -Returned to Camp Wheare Barbo and Simpson -Had braught Eight more horses makeing in [all] -twenty four—grass is Heare very good—the Horses -Will Soon get fatt—this Evening Cloudey With thonder -and a little Rain the first We Have Seen on this -Side of the mountain</p> - -<h3>monday 6th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday and a little Rain—the Horses all Collected -the are all poor but the grass is good and the Will -thrive—I purchased a bull from a Spanierd for which -I gave Him my great Coat and one knife—the Beef -Was Prety good it Rained a little In the Evening</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span></p> - -<h3>tusday 7th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cool With flying Clouds and a little Rain Battess -braught taylors mule to Camp Which He Head Reported -to Have been Stolen by the Indeans Potter<a name="FNanchor_123" id="FNanchor_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a> -Came to Camp With Conl glanns Horse He Has -Returned from Stafee—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 8th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hard frost the Horses all presend Went down to the -vilege—We Heare that the Congrass Has Convened -at maxeco—and that the Indeans Have taken a great -many Horses from this niborhood and killed Some -Cattle</p> - -<h3>thorsday 9th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hard frost In the morning and Rained a little In the -Evening</p> - -<h3>friday 10th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cool With flying Clouds and High Wind—our -Horses all present</p> - -<h3>Satterday 11th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Some flying Clouds and warm In the evening</p> - -<h3>Sunday 12th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cloudey With flying Clouds—the trees giting green -the Cotten Wood leaves Half gron [grown]—the -People not yet don Sowing Wheat</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> - -<h3>monday 13th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">flying Clouds and High Winds Continues Cloudey -With lightning threw the night</p> - -<h3>tusday 14th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday and Rain threw the day</p> - -<h3>Wensday 15th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Snow from 4 to 5 Inches deep—Clers up about -10 oclock and Warm the Snow disappers in the vallys -but Hangs on in the mountains</p> - -<h3>thorsday 16th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Some frost In the morning but Warm after Sun Rise</p> - -<h3>friday 17th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">flying Clouds and High Winds—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 18th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">flying Clouds and High Wind</p> - -<h3>Sunday 19th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cloudey and Warm for the Season</p> - -<h3>monday 20th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">High Winds and Clouds—</p> - -<h3>tusday 21st may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday and Cool in the morning—High Winds -about 12 oclock and Continu till Sundown—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Wensday 22nd may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday and Winday—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 23rd may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cloudey With thonder like for Rain—Clears off In -the after noon With High Wind</p> - -<h3>friday 24th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">flying Clouds and High Wind</p> - -<h3>Satterday 25th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the Wolves maid an atackt on our Horses the -Wounded one Hors and two mules We Have maid a -Strong Pen Close to Camp and Still Shut up all the -Horses at night While We Remain at this place—to -protect them from the Wolfes—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 26th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday and Warm all day—</p> - -<h3>monday 27th 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clouday With High Winds and thonder Several thonder -gust With a little Rain in the night—</p> - -<h3>tusday 28th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cool With High Winds and flying Clouds—Snow -Storms In the Evening—but light—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Wensday 29th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cool With flying Clouds We are now makeing Some -araingements for our Jurney over the mountains -Some few days back Robert Fowler killed two young -White Bares and braught them to Camp</p> - -<h3>thorsday 30th may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Road down to the vilege all Hands prepairing to Set -out on the first day of June for the United States—Clouday -With thonder in the Evening—Some Rain -in the night—the Snow Still Continu on the High -mountains—</p> - -<h3>Friday 31st may 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Cool With flying Clouds and High Winds—the -Horses all Collected and Sent to the vilege Except -those for Robert my Self and pall—We Will -go down In the morning—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 1st June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Clear With White frost We Set out Early to Join the -party at the vilege Wheare We found all Ready to -Start—all So James and mcnights party from Stafee -Had Joined ours and all moved on together<a name="FNanchor_124" id="FNanchor_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> East<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> -four miles to the mountain—and there took up a -Crick<a name="FNanchor_125" id="FNanchor_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a> north 75 East aleven miles to the forks of -the Crick Wheare We Camped for the night fine grass -for the Horses—the timber on the mountains Heare is -Pitch Pine Spruce Pine Hemlock and quakenasp the -latter of Which there are vast quantityes. In the bottoms -along the Cricks Cotten Wood Black alder and -Willows With the Chock Cherry Black Curren [currant] -goosbery and Wild Rose on the Hill Sides are -Some Small White oak Brush from one to fifteen feet -High and I Have Seen Some large Enof for a Hand-spike -Every thing of the shrub or tree [kinds] that -Bair frute is now In full Blume—the Choack Cherry -is on[e] of the Handsomest Bushes I Have Seen and -is now In full Blume—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Satterday 2nd June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Hard frost our Horses much Scattered this morning -and it Was late When We Set out up the left Hand -fork of the [Ferdinand] Crick</p> - -<p class="noindent">the Hills Close In on both Sides and at about four -miles We arive at the top of the mountain<a name="FNanchor_126" id="FNanchor_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a> and -Crossing over and down a small drean [drain] about -two miles to an oppen valley about two miles Wide -Which We Crossed nearly [at] Right angles pasing a -Small Branch<a name="FNanchor_127" id="FNanchor_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> about the midle of the vally Which -Runs north a little West from this We Went up a -small Branch betwen High mountains five miles to -the top of the great mountain In low gap High -Peeks on both Sides of us We pased Into a large plain -a little Roleing With Some groves of trees—and -Crossed Several fine Streems of Watter—and all tho -We are on a mountain—the grass Is tall and to all -apperence ther Has ben Sesnable Rains Heare as the -old as Well as young grass is tall and I think from -Every apperence this Plain Wold make a good settlement<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> -for farmers. and tho We are on a High mountain -We are not one third of the Hight of the mountain -tops We pased threw this plain about twelve -miles the Watters Run Into grand Pirarie and make -part of the Kenadean [Canadian] forke of the arkensaw—after -pasing this Plain We Began to desend the -mountain Which is now Well Covered With timber -that is Pine Spruce and quakenasp Pasing down the -mountain We found the Rocks very troblesom -amongest Which We See a great many Indean graves. -or large Piles of loos [s]tone throne up In Heapes—about -dark We got to the fut of the mountain and -about one mile farther Camped on a Crick of Bold -Runing Watter and find our Selves once more In the -grand Pirarie of the arkensaw Cors this day N 80 -East 25 miles<a name="FNanchor_128" id="FNanchor_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a>—Robert Fowler killed two deer In -the mountain</p> - -<h3>monday 3rd June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early and at about Seven miles pased the -Head of a Small Crick but no Watter there Is no<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> -appeerence of Rain Hear for a long time—the ground -is as dry as dust the grass not began to Sprout and -Every thing look like the dead of Winter—and Still -more So When We turn our Eye to the top of the -mountain and see the Snow Which Is Still In Sight—at -twelve miles We Crosed a bold Streem<a name="FNanchor_129" id="FNanchor_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a> of Watter -30 feet Wide it Cors South East—and at Eight -miles farther We Camped on the bank of deep Crick<a name="FNanchor_130" id="FNanchor_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a> -about 20 feet Wide Runs South—on the low bottoms -of this Crick the grass begins to gro a little Heare Is -much sign of Bever—Corse North 45 East 20 miles</p> - -<h3>tusday 4th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early leaveing the mountain on our left -tho Some of the Spurs pass in frunt of us and Exstend -Some distance to our Right those Spurs We -Have to Cross—and the appeer Some distance a -Head at twelve miles Stoped for dinner on a branch<a name="FNanchor_131" id="FNanchor_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a> -20 feet Wide Runs South much Sign of Bever—In the -Evening We Went up the Crick Eight miles and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> -Camped<a name="FNanchor_132" id="FNanchor_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> Ward killed one Cabery our Corse this -[day] North 45 E 18 [<i>sic</i>] miles</p> - -<h3>Wensday 5th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Went up the Crick 10 miles and Stoped for dinner -In the afternoon We Went up the Crick 3 miles -and Camped at a large Spring the Spanierd tells us -that If We go from this We Will Have no Watter to -night Robert Fowler killed two deer and Ward one—James -& mcnight party kill one deer Heare the -men geathered Some Wild Ineons [onions]—</p> - -<p>the grass is a little better than Wheare We first -Came Into the Pirarie Cors No 50 East 13 miles<a name="FNanchor_133" id="FNanchor_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p> - -<h3>thorsday 6th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early up the Spur of the mountain and at -about one mile We arived on a High Beed of table -land about Eight miles Wide this land<a name="FNanchor_134" id="FNanchor_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a> is leavel and -Rich the grass about nee High and Has all the appeerence -of Haveing Had Seasnable Rains While -in the low grounds on both Sides the ground is as -dry as dust We pased on this High land one fine -Spring of Watter We Seen two Buffelow and Some -Caberey—</p> - -<p>We Hear for the first time Seen the long Billed -Bird<a name="FNanchor_135" id="FNanchor_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> it is about the Size of a fesent and the Same -Collor the legs and neck about like our Common -dung Hill fowls—the Bill about one foot in length -and about one Inch In deameter at the Head and -Smaller at the point—We Crosed this plind [plain] -and down the mountain to a branch of the White Bair -Crick<a name="FNanchor_136" id="FNanchor_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a> Heare is good Watter and plenty of Wood—We -Stoped for dinner—after Which We move on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> -about 10 miles farther and Camped on the Same -Branch<a name="FNanchor_137" id="FNanchor_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> a buffelow Was killed and braught Into -Camp We now leave the main mountain at a great -distance on our left and the Spur to the Right Corse -Nᵒ 20 East fifteen miles [19 by above text].</p> - -<h3>friday 7th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early and Steered for the point of the Spur -of the mountain to our Right—at about 16 miles -Stoped for dinner on a Crick Haveing one Hole of -Watter—the Ballence being [dry] for some distance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> -after dinner We proceded on leaveing the Spur of the -mountain on the Right—and then Steered for a Small -mountain Standing By its Self and leaveing it on our -Right fel on the Head of a Branch that Was dry We -Went down that about five miles and found Watter -In the night Some of the party did not Come up till -next morning—</p> - -<p>the Pirarie over Which We pased to day is a little -Roleing but So dry for the Want of Rain that grass -is not more than one Inch and a Half long in any place</p> - -<p>Cors this day north 55 East 30 miles five miles Was -in the night—<a name="FNanchor_138" id="FNanchor_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a></p> - -<h3>Satterday 8th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We did not Set out till late Waiting for the three men -that lay out—the arived about Eight oclock We then -Set out and maid twenty miles—and Camped at a -Small Hole of Watter that you Cold Smell 50 yds<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> -When Stired—for all the anemels for many miles -Round Come there to drink—We Have no Wood and -Burn the Buffelow dung to Cook We are now In the -oppen World not a tree Bush or Hill of any kind to be -Seen for When you take the Eye of [off] the ground -you See nothing but the Blue Horeson Cors this day -north 60 East 17 [<i>sic</i>] miles<a name="FNanchor_139" id="FNanchor_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> Ward and McKnight -killed one Buffelow Bull—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 9th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early over the leavel Smoth Pirarie We Soon -See a mound a Head in the Pirarie for Which We -Steered it bore north 30 East—We Crossed Several -Watter Corses all makeing South East but all dry -We Stoped for dinner at a Small mud Hole Whear -We maid fire of the Buffelow dung and cooked our -dinner We then moved on and Camped on a Crick<a name="FNanchor_140" id="FNanchor_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> -of Clear Watter Whear there Was Wood and good<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> -grass for the Horses—the Buffelow killed this day -Was two Poor for use and not Buchered the grass is -Heare Better and there is sign of there Haveing been -Some Rain Heare lately—</p> - -<p>Cors north 30 East 25 miles</p> - -<h3>monday 10th June 1822</h3> - -<p>Set out Early and at three miles pased the mound<a name="FNanchor_141" id="FNanchor_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a> -it Stands on the north Side of the Crick and about -two miles from it I Went to the top of it Which Has -two Heads about 70 yds apart Standing north and -South of Each other and is about two Hundred feet -High and about 300 threw the Baces the tops or -Heads Consist mostly of Rocks Pilled By nature on -Each other But Has been Some What Improved -by the Indeans to make it aplace of defence as Well -as place of look out—the Spanish name of the mound -tewenna—from Heare We See another Branch<a name="FNanchor_142" id="FNanchor_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a> on -our left and a Cross the main Crick another to the -South all makeing a north East Corse—We Continu<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> -on twelve miles and Stoped for dinner on the left -Hand forke and at Eight miles further Camped<a name="FNanchor_143" id="FNanchor_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> on -the main Crick a little above the forkes the Chanel is -Heare about 60 yds Wide and We Have to dig Holes -In the Sand to get Watter there being none above -ground—Eaight Buffelow Was killed this day—our -Corse Nᵒ 55 East 20 miles</p> - -<h3>tusday 11th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early Crosing the Crick and leaveing it on -our left Hand Steered north 55 East at fifteen miles -We See the valley of the arkensaw and on looking -[back] We Can See the mound in full vew—at -twenty miles stoped for diner on the arkensaw<a name="FNanchor_144" id="FNanchor_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a>—at -an Island Covered With timber and some trees on the -South Side of the River there Is Sevral Islands -Heare Some Covered With Willow about one mile -below the Island there is an old large Cotten Wood<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> -tree Stands on a point of High land—Cheefly Composed -of gravel our Corse north 55 East 20 miles</p> - -<h3>11th June [continued.]</h3> - -<p class="noindent">after dinner We proceded down the River ten miles -and Camped<a name="FNanchor_145" id="FNanchor_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> on the Bank In a grove of trees opeset -an Island—the Sand Hills lay South of Camp With -Some Cotten Wood trees on them—We pased the -Camp Wheare We Slept on the fourth of november -[1821] about one mile below Wheare We Struck the -River to day—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 12th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out at the ushal time down the River and pasing -the Camp at the Bever Sign Where We lay on the -3rd of november last Continu to the Point of Rocks -and Hoop Wood trees—Wheare a party of Indeans -appeered on Hors back on the opeset Side of the -River—We Hailed them the answered but Wold not -Come a Cross—We then Camped for the night—the -Indeans moved off and Soon after a party of White -men appeered on the Same Side one of them Came -over to our Camp this Was Conl Cooppers<a name="FNanchor_47" id="FNanchor_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> party -from Boons lick<a name="FNanchor_146" id="FNanchor_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> on their Way to the Spanish Settlement<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> -With Some goods and Some traps to take -Bever</p> - -<h3>thorsday 13th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early pasing the french Camp at five miles -and Stoped for dinner at the Island Wheare We -lodged on the 30th of october last then moved down -the River about ten miles Camped on an Island makeing -30 miles—</p> - -<h3>Friday 14th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved on Early and Pased our Camp of the 29th -octobr last—and all So pased the Camp of the 28th -and Camped opeset to an Island Wheare We Sent the -Horses for the night—this day James and party left -us and Commenced Crossing the River about 12 -oclock takeing three of our Party With them—that -Was duglas Priar and [illegible<a name="FNanchor_147" id="FNanchor_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a>]—maid 25 miles</p> - -<h3>Satterday 15th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved at Sun Rise down the River fifteen miles and -Comenced Crossing for Which purpose We used the -green Hide of a buffelow Bull by Way of a boat—Heare -are Some thousands of Buffelow to be Seen at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> -one vew—I beleve We Have not been out of Sight -of Buffelow Since We Came to the River Except in -the night and When darke So that the Hunters Have -Killed When the plased—We got on the north Side -of the River and While We Ware Sadling up the -Horses James and party pased us. it may be Remarked -Heare that the River Was little more than -Belly deep to the Horses. But for feer of the quick -Sand it Was thaught best take all the Bagage over In -the Boat and Send the Horses over Enty [empty] -Waiding the River our Selves and drag the boat -Wheare the Watter at times Was not more than Six -Inches deep—as Soon as We Ware Readey We moved -on Six miles pasing findleys Island<a name="FNanchor_148" id="FNanchor_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a> and Camped -about Half a mile below James and party—</p> - -<h3>Sunday 16th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">James and Party pased us Early down the River We -Steered a little north of East to Cut off a bend of the -River<a name="FNanchor_149" id="FNanchor_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> makeing 25 miles and lay In Sight of the -timber on the River large droves of Buffelow all day -In Sight duglas and Prior Join us to day</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></p> - -<h3>monday 17th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">moved on Early maid 25 miles and camped on the -West Side of Buffelow [Coon] Creek at the Same -place Wheare We Camped on the We Camped on the -21st of octobr last—James and Party Camp Close to -us—Heare We Sopose We Cold See at one time ten -thousand Buffelow</p> - -<h3>tusday 18th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Comenced Crossing the Crick Early it being -about mid Side deep to the Horses and the Banks -Steep and mudey the men Waided and Carryed over -all the Packs and then led or drove the Horses a -Cross—We then moved on about Eight miles and -meet With Some Pawne Indeans—With Home -[whom] We Camped—there Was With them one of -the Ietan Cheefs Who Stated that He Was lately from -Was[h]ington Cetey—In the Corse of the Evening -the Indeans Collected to the nomber of from four to -five Hunderd—it is Hear proper to mention that Capt -James Had two Spanierds With Him and that Conl -glann Head two all So—but the last two Ware dresed -like our Selves—but James Spanierds Wore their own -Clothing and Ware Challenged by the Indeans as -their Enemeys—a Councel Was Held Which lasted -about two Hours the Inquirey Was Whether these -men Ware Spanierds if so the must be killed as Ietan<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> -Cheef Insisted the Ware Spanierds and must be killed -but the Pawne Cheef Refused to Have them killed -till He new the Ware Spanierds the two men Ware -Sot In the midle of the Councel and there Interageted -but maid no answer leting on that the did not no -What Was Said to them—to Which the had ben advised -before they Ware takeing In to the Councel -most of those Indeans understand the Spanish language -but Cold not git one Word from the men the -then asked Mr Roy the Inturpurter If those men Ware -not Spanierds He told the Indeans He did not kno -Who the Ware that He Cold not Speeke their langage -to Which the Ietan Cheef Replyed you do not -kno thim you kno How to gave them Horses and -Can tell them How to Ride and yet you Can not -Spapke to them Which is a little Strange How do -you git them to Eat or Whare did you git them We -See them Ride on your Horses—to Which mr Roy -answers as followes—for it is Hear now be Com nesceery -to fib a little—that about two days back We -met a party of White men going up the River and that -those men Ware With them that the Ware from St -lewis and Wanted to go back and Had Come this far -With us that We Head Some Spare Horses and that -the Had got on and Road—the Pawne Cheef then -Said that Some four or five years back He Had Seen -Some English men and french men together and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> -Cold not talk to Each other that maybe those Ware -English men—to Which Mr Roy answered that He -Cold not talk English and did not kno these men—and -So the Councel Ended the two Spanierds Pased -for English men tho the Ware nearly as Black as pall—but -at all Events the Ware Blacker than the Indeans -them Selves—</p> - -<p class="noindent">We are now on the Crick noted on the 20th of october -last [Pawnee fork.]—We Remained Heare all -night but In the Evening the Indeans [s]tole all the -neck Roaps of our Horses—We then took the lash -Roaps and tyed up the Horses the Pawne Cheef Slept -In our Camp—and after Some presents of knives -from Conl glann and Hors from Capt James We -Head lev to proced as Soon as We pleased In the -morning—</p> - -<h3>Wensday 19th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early the Indeans appeer frendly—We -moved on about five miles and looking behind We -See the Indeans Runing after us—and all tho We -drove the Horses In a trot the Will overtake us In a -few minets—We Conclude it best to Stop and let -them Come up Which Was done—We Stood prepaired -for Battle But Will Receve them frendly if -We Can—now the Inturpreter prepaired a pipe and -offered them a Smoke as the Came up Which the all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> -axcepted of and looking amongest [us] asked -Wheare the two men Ware Which the Soposed to be -Spanierds and Ware Shone them—the then Went and -Shook Hands With us all pointed us the Road Which -We took and the Indeans Went Back the Ware fourteen -In nomber—We then pushed on to the Pawne -River<a name="FNanchor_150" id="FNanchor_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a> Wheare Crossed and Stoped for dinner Heare -is large Hords of Buffelow one Cow Was Killed and -braught In to Camp—We moved on In the afternoon -and Went nineteen miles makeing 39 miles and -Camped<a name="FNanchor_151" id="FNanchor_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a> on the River Bank the[n] We traveled -Some time In the night for feer the Indeans Will follow -and steel our Horses—James and His party did -not Come up—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 20th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early and Steered north 60 East Intending -to go Close to the South Side of the Sand Hills -as We Cannot travel threw them We Ware detained -about two Hours By a Storm of Hail and Rain after -Which We Went to a Crick<a name="FNanchor_152" id="FNanchor_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> Wheare We found<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> -Some drift Wood and Camped for the night makeing -20 miles Nᵒ 60 East James and party Bore off to the -Right down the River—</p> - -<h3>Friday 21st June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sot out late Some of our Horses Had gon a great -distance from Camp—We Pased Close to the Sand -Hills pasing several fine Springs Runing out of them -to the South and In the Evening Camped on the little -arkensaw—We Seen James and partey this day at -a great distance to our Right makeing down the [Arkansaw] -River the Cuntry threw Which We pased -this day is leavel and Rich the grass tall and Has all -the appeerence of Seasnable Rains. We Have In our -openion layed down the Pawne River [= Walnut cr.]<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> -as the line betwen the Wet and dry Weather or the -long and Short grass—</p> - -<p>maid 30 miles north [<i>read</i> south] 60 East<a name="FNanchor_153" id="FNanchor_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a></p> - -<h3>Satterday 22nd June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early Crossing Several Branches<a name="FNanchor_154" id="FNanchor_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a> all -Running to the Right We Camped on a Branch of -White River<a name="FNanchor_155" id="FNanchor_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a> about 20 feet Wide With High Banks—the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> -Pirarie this day is leavel and Rich the land -Black mixed With lime Stone—the grass So tall that -In [it] is Hard on the Horses to Brake it down—no -more Buffelow to be Seen I beleve We Have left them -all be Hind and Will be Hard Run for meat—</p> - -<p>maid 20 miles South 65 East</p> - -<h3>Sunday 23rd June 1822</h3> - -<p>Rained Hard last night—</p> - -<p>We Sot out about 9 oclock Crosing three -Branches<a name="FNanchor_156" id="FNanchor_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a> Runing to the South all Well timbered -Rich lime Stone land a little Roleing. We Camped -on the third Branch—no game—</p> - -<p>Maid 20 miles Nᵒ 80 East</p> - -<p>Rained all night—</p> - -<h3>monday 24 June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Sot out Early and it Soon began to Rain We -maid Six miles Crossing two Branches<a name="FNanchor_157" id="FNanchor_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a> and Camped -on the Second Which is Well timbered With Walnut -Buckiey Hickory oak and Elm. the land of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> -Richest kind—lime Stone In all Banks but the leave -[level] land Clar of Stone—</p> - -<p>6 miles north 65 East</p> - -<p>Rained all night</p> - -<h3>tusday 25th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out about 10 oclock up the Branch and out at the -Head of it and over a low deviding Ridge and fell on -the Head Watters of the virdegree.<a name="FNanchor_158" id="FNanchor_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> the land is more -Roleing the Hills Higher but Rich We Camped on a -Branch Runing nearly West With Some timber Peno -killed one deer</p> - -<p>maid 15 miles no 50 East</p> - -<h3>Wensday 26th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Sot out Early pasing over a Rich Roleing Pirarie -to a Crick<a name="FNanchor_159" id="FNanchor_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a> With Some timber—taylor killed two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> -deer—We maid 8 miles no 15 East It Rains -Heavely—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 27th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early Crossing five Cricks<a name="FNanchor_160" id="FNanchor_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> all Runing South -East Some timber on all of them one twenty yds -Wide the Cuntry as ushal Rich and Roleing—Robert -Fowler and Ward Each killed one deer—</p> - -<p>maid 15 miles N 25 East</p> - -<h3>Friday 28th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early Crossing a Crick at Six miles Runing -South and at 12 miles Cam to grand River or the Six -Bull [the Neosho,<a name="FNanchor_161" id="FNanchor_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a> running] South East Went up -it about one mile Crossed over and Camped on a -Crick near the mouth this Crick Puts In on the north -Side Heare Is one of the Best trakes [tracts] of land -for a settlement I Have Seen the land is Rich and -leavel Plenty of timber on the Crick as Well as all a -long the River—taylor killed one Elk—Which Was -Braught to Camp We maid 12 miles no 40 East</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></p> - -<h3>Satterday 29th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Set out Early and at ten miles Crosed a Crick<a name="FNanchor_162" id="FNanchor_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> 50 -yds Wide part of the Racuon fork of the osage River -the Corse South East—at 14 miles Crosed a Branch -of the Same Crick—and at 22 miles Camped Without -Wood—Had no fier—the first 10 miles N 15 E the -last 12 miles N 65 E the Bottoms Has Some timber -the land all Rich Rained Heavily all night With thonder -and lightning—</p> - -<p>22 miles the first 10 N 15 E then 12 N 65 E</p> - -<h3>Sunday 30th June 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">last night’s Rain Wett all our Bagage as Well as the -bever furr the morning Clear We dry all our things -and move on about 10 oclock—at 10 miles Crossed a -Crick<a name="FNanchor_163" id="FNanchor_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> and at Sixteen miles Crosed the osage -River<a name="FNanchor_164" id="FNanchor_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a> Wheare We left one Hors He Coud not Rais<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> -up the Bank Which Was High and mudey—We -moved out of the timber and Slept on a High point to -avoid the musketoes Ward killed one young Elk -We Have Seen many Elk In the two last days Rained -Heavily all night</p> - -<p>maid 16 miles N 65 E</p> - -<h3>monday 1st July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">the last night Raised the Cricks So that We Have to -leave the Waggon [road] We fell into two days back -Which Road Was maid by Becknal and His party on -their Way to the Spanish Settlement—We Hear took -up a low Ridge betwen the Branches and over a low -Ridge Eight miles to a large Crick<a name="FNanchor_165" id="FNanchor_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a> So Raised With<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> -the last night Rain that the loads on the Horses Will -git Wett If We drive them threw But the men Waid -over and Carry the Pack on their Heads—the Watter -Swims the Horses—Heare is a large Bodey of -timber along this Crick and land of the Best qualety -for the Hole Cuntry is fit for Cultevation We Went -Six miles In the Evening Crossing two Crick<a name="FNanchor_166" id="FNanchor_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a> all the -Watters Runs South East maid 14 miles N 20 E -the timber Increses as We aproch the mesurey -[Missouri]</p> - -<h3>tusday 2nd July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">a Heavey thonder Storm Came on in the night and -Rained Hard till Sun Rise We then Sot out and Crosing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> -Several Small Branches<a name="FNanchor_167" id="FNanchor_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a> much Raised With last -nights Rain maid five miles and Stoped to dry our -Bagage—Heare Some Hunters Sot out to kitt meet -[kill meat] Robert Fowler and Taylor Set out In frunt -to meet at the Crick a Head of Which We Cold See -the timber—We Sot out In the Evening—the gide -Chaing His Corse did not meet the Hunters We maid -12 miles and Slept on the devideing Ridge<a name="FNanchor_168" id="FNanchor_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a> betwen -the oasage [Osage] and Kensa or Caw [Kansas] -Rivers—the Hunters did not Come In—We See on -our left Hand a large Bodey of timber Soposed to be -on the Caw River the Pirarie is a little Roleing and of -the Richest kind of lime Stone land We maid 17 -miles N 75 East</p> - -<h3>thorsday [Wednesday] 3rd July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Sot out Early and like a Ship With out a Rudder -We Steerd from South East to north East—I Sopose<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> -the gide Was lost or did not as He Had toled us kno -Wheare He Was—In this [way] We maid twelve -miles and Stoped for noon for We Have not much to -Eat tho We See many deer and Some Elk—the two -Hunters not Come up yet—We moved on In the -Evening and Soon fell on the Waggon Road We had -left at the osage River this We followed ten miles and -Camped on a Crick<a name="FNanchor_169" id="FNanchor_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a> Runing north West—and We -Sopose to the Caw River—Ward killed a fatt Elk this -Evening the Hunters not up—</p> - -<p>We maid 22 miles N 30 East</p> - -<p>Rich leavel land—</p> - -<h3>thorsday 4th July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">We Set out Early to follow the Waggon Road but -Heare the Pirarie Has Been Burned In the Spring -and the grass So gron up So that We Cannot find it—and -after Winding about for about two Hours -Steered N 45 East Six miles and fell on a Road Runing -nearly East and West—along Which We took -[to] the East Eand Wheare We found the Waggon -tracks—a large Bodey of timber on our left and is -Shorly the mesurey or the Caw River and at about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> -Six miles Stoped for dinner—While Heare the lost -men Came up the Ware much Woren down there feet -Sore and mogersons Woren out—We Went ten miles -In the Evening along the Road Crossing one Crick<a name="FNanchor_170" id="FNanchor_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a> -Which Runs north—</p> - -<p>the large Bodey of timber Still Continus on our left</p> - -<p>the general Corse of this Road is north Eighty -East—</p> - -<h3>Friday 5th July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Sot out Early and at five miles Crossing a large -Crick<a name="FNanchor_171" id="FNanchor_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a> 50 yds Wide Runs north the Bottoms and -Hill Sides are Well Covered With timber—We Heare -Went up a High Steep Hill over Some Rocks and -Continu over High Roleing ground partly Covered -With timber and Brush for about four miles then six -miles over Roling Pirarie to a Crick<a name="FNanchor_172" id="FNanchor_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a> Wheare We -Stoped for dinner there Is plenty of timber Heare and -the gide tells us that He now knos Wheare We are and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> -that it is about ten miles to fort osage We Sot out In -the Evening and at three miles Came to a deep -Crick<a name="FNanchor_173" id="FNanchor_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a> Wheare the men Had to Carry the Bagage all -over on their Heads and drove the Horses threw—the -Watter Was So deep that it Was over the mens -Sholders and none but the tall ones Cold Carry the -Packs—We then Set out for the fort<a name="FNanchor_174" id="FNanchor_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a> Wheare We -arived about ten oClock at night but our Company -Was much Scattered Haveing Sent mr Roy and -Battes forward from the Crick to prepair Supper at -the fort fore the Party—on our arivel We Called for -them but the Ware not to be found nor Cold We find -any purson for Some time but a negro man—and -thonder gust Comeing—He Shewed [us] In to mr -Sibleys Porch Wheare We Spent the Ballence of the -night—</p> - -<h3>Satterday 6th July 1822</h3> - -<p class="noindent">Early In the morning We found mr Boggs the asistant -Factor Who Shewed us Into an Enty [empty] -House In the garison—to Which We moved our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> -Bagage. Exspecting to Remain there till Some provetions -Cold be Precured—</p> - -<p>the garreson at this time Was Commanded by one -officer of the united States armey—Haveing two men -under His Command Both of them Haveing disarted -a few days ago and Carryed off all His amenetion—now -It appeers that mr Boggs Had not advised Him -of our Removel Into the garreson nor did We Sopose -from the Shattered Setuation of Every thing We See—that -any Command of men or officer Was there -But Whin He looked up In the morning and Seeing -our men and Bagage He Said to mr Boggs that He -did not like to See the gareson taken In that kind of -Stile—but on Receeving that Information from mr -Boggs and the officer not Calling on us We that -[thought] Proper not to be longer In His Way and -moved about two Hunderd yds to a Spring and -Camped Wheare after Some Diffequalty We Precured -Some Previtions</p> - -<p>It may Heare Be Remarked that. We Ware treeted -Heare With more Coolness than amongest any Indeans -or Spanierds We meet With But We feel greatful -to mr Boggs for His Polightness—He in the -morning Precure for us a Small Beef—and mr Sibley -Sent us Some flour and Bacon—Which With Corn -meel and Bacon We Purchased from one of the Citisons -We maid out Prete Well—for two days to Rest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> -and Purchased two Conus [canoes] With a platform -and Shiped all our Baggage With our Selves leaveing -four men to Bring on the Enty Horses to Cortsand -Ca [?]—and We proceded to St lewis—Wheare I -Remained two days and then took a pasage In the -Steem Boat Calhoon to lewisvill and from that In a -Small Steem Boat to Cincinati—and got Home<a name="FNanchor_175" id="FNanchor_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> on -the 27th day of July 1822—haveing [been] gon thirteen -months and thirteen days</p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<h2>FOOTNOTES</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Present name of the town which has grown up on the site of -the original military post, in Sebastian Co., Ark., about 5 m. S. -W. of Van Buren, on the right bank of the Arkansaw river, at the -mouth of Poteau river, immediately on the W. border of the -State, where the river passes from the Indian Territory into -Arkansas; lat. 35° 22´ N., long. 94° 28´ W.; pop. in 1890, 11,311. -The original name of the then important frontier locality was -Belle Pointe. “The site of Fort Smith was selected by -Major Long, in the fall of 1817, and called Belle Point in allusion -to its peculiar beauty. It occupies an elevated point of land, -immediately below the junction of the Arkansa and the Poteau, -a small tributary from the southwest. Agreeably to the orders -of General Smith, then commanding the 9th military department, -a plan of the proposed work was submitted to Major -Bradford, at that time, and since commandant at the post, under -whose superintendence the works have been in part completed” -in Sept., 1820: Long’s Exp. ii, 1823, p. 260, where description of the -place follows.</p> - -<p>From this starting-point our author proceeds on the direct road -to the Neosho river, vicinity of present Fort Gibson, Ind. Terr.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The common cane, <i>Arundinaria macrosperma</i>, which forms -extensive brakes.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Tahlequah or Talequah, one of several small tributaries of the -Arkansaw from the N., below the Illinois river; on which latter -is the town of Tahlequah, capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian -Terr., about 45 m. N. W. of Fort Smith.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Illinois river, the largest tributary of the Arkansaw from the -N. between Fort Smith and Fort Gibson: see Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 558, and add: “The Illinois is called by the Osages, Eng-wah-con-dah -or Medicine-stone creek,” Long, ii, 1823, p. 255. -Fowler crosses the Illinois some 6 or 8 m. from its confluence -with the Arkansaw.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Bean’s or Bean and Saunders’ salt works were begun in the -spring of 1820 about a mile up a small creek which flows into the -Illinois at or near the place where Fowler crosses the latter, some -6 m. from the Arkansaw; description in Long, ii, 1823, p. 254.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6" id="Footnote_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> The Neosho, for which see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 395, 397-401, -etc. “The <em>Neosho</em>, or <em>Grand</em> river, better known to the hunters -by the singular designation of the <em>Six Bulls</em>,” Long, ii, 1823, p. -253. This is a name which I missed in editing Pike. On the -left bank of the Neosho, near its mouth, is Fort Gibson, which -was not in existence in 1821.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7" id="Footnote_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> The Verdigris, Vermilion, Wasetihoge, or Wassuja river, for -which see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 400 and p. 555. Its confluence -with the Arkansaw is about the distance said in the text above -that of the Neosho. For a few miles from its mouth it forms a -part of the boundary between the Cherokee and Creek Nations, -and is then crossed by the Mo., Kas. and Tex. R. R., Gibson Station -being about 7 m. N. W. of Fort Gibson. Fowler will proceed -approximately up the Verdigris for a long distance before -turning more westward to reach the Arkansaw again.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8" id="Footnote_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Hugh Glenn or Glen, whom Fowler calls “Glann,” is readily -identified as a well-known Indian trader of those days. “A -party of men accompanying Mr. Hugh Glen on his way from -Fort Smith, to the trading house at the mouth of the Verdigris,” -Long’s Exp. 11, 1823, p. 171, with other remarks on p. 172: “5th -[Sept., 1820]. At ten o’clock we arrived at Mr. Glen’s trading -house near the Verdigris, about a mile above its confluence with -the Arkansa. We were hospitably received by the interpreter, a -Frenchman, who informed us that Mr. Glen was absent on a -visit to Belle Point,” <i>ibid.</i>, p. 251. As we next discover, “Conl. -Glann” commanded our present expedition.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9" id="Footnote_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> From the above defective list of 20 persons, taken in connection -with information regarding their names to be found further -on in the book, we arrive at the following approximately correct -roster of the party:</p> - -<table summary="The roster of the party"> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">1.</td> - <td>Colonel <span class="smcap">Hugh Glenn</span>, in command.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">2.</td> - <td>Major <span class="smcap">Jacob Fowler</span>, the journalist, second in command.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">3.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Robert Fowler</span>, brother of Jacob Fowler.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">4.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Baptiste Roy</span>, interpreter.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">5.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Baptiste Peno</span> (French name, no doubt misspelled).</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">6.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">George Douglas</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">7.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Nathaniel Pryor</span>, ex-Sergeant of Lewis and Clark’s Expedition.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">8.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Bono</span> (French name, no doubt misspelled, possibly Bonhomme).</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">9.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Barbo</span> (French name, no doubt misspelled, possibly Barbu).</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">10.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Lewis Dawson</span> (Fatally injured by a bear, Nov 13, 1821, died Nov 16).</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">11.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Taylor</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">12.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Richard Walters</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">13.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Eli Ward</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">14.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Jesse van Biber</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">15.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Slover</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">16.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Simpson</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">17.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Dudley Maxwell</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">18.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">—— Findley</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">19.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Baptiste Moran</span>.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">20.</td> - <td><span class="smcap">Paul</span>, a negro belonging to Jacob Fowler.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The most interesting of the above names is that of Nathaniel -Pryor, of whose identity with the sergeant of Lewis and Clark I -have no doubt: see L. and C., ed. of 1893, p. 254, delete the -query there, and add: Nathaniel Pryor of Kentucky became an -Ensign of the U. S. Army Feb 27, 1807, Second Lieutenant May -3, 1808, resigned April 1, 1810, was appointed First Lieutenant -of the 44th Inf. Aug 30, 1813, promoted to be Captain Oct 1, -1814, and honorably discharged June 15, 1815. See also my -article, “Letters of William Clark and Nathaniel Pryor,” in -Annals of Iowa, 3d ser., Vol I, No. 8, Jan., 1895, pp. 613-620, for -an account of Ensign Pryor’s disastrous attempt to convey the -Mandan chief Shahaka from St. Louis, Mo., to the Mandan villages -on the Missouri.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10" id="Footnote_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Indian missionaries, several of whose establishments have -been located in this vicinity.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11" id="Footnote_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Approximately up the Verdigris, as already indicated. The -road taken is marked on several maps I have examined. For -the Osage village in mention, see Pike, ed. of 1893, p. 557. This -“Arkansaw band” of Osages consisted of those called “Osages -of the Oaks,” in Long, ii, p. 251. Their most influential man -then, as in Pike’s time, was Clermont, surnamed the “Builder of -Towns,” and I suppose that the village now called Claremore, -among the Blue Mounds on the Verdigris, in the Cherokee -country, was named for him. In 1820 some of Long’s party -were assured “that Clermont had then four wives, and thirty-seven -children! a number ... which may probably be attributed -to this chief by mistake,” as the narrative sagely adds. -Clermont’s band are also called “Chaneers,” <i>ibid.</i>, p. 244, on the -authority of Dr. Sibley.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12" id="Footnote_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> These are the Blue Mounds mentioned in the last note. The -several “cricks,” which Fowler has spoken of crossing, are -inconsiderable tributaries of the Verdigris flowing southerly, as -those called Big, Otter, Dog, etc.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13" id="Footnote_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The Verdigris has been crossed from E. to W. a very few -miles above the confluence therewith of the Little Verdigris or -Caney river, which is now on Fowler’s left as he follows it up -approximately, but at some distance therefrom, on a general -course about N. W. Of the series of its small tributaries, running -to his left, the one on which he camps is perhaps Five Mile -creek, or the next beyond that.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14" id="Footnote_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> The smaller one of the main two forks of the Verdigris, running -on a general S. E. course from Kansas through the N. E. -corner of Oklahoma into the Cherokee country, and joining -the Verdigris in the vicinity of the Blue Mounds. Fowler continues -up the Little Verdigris.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15" id="Footnote_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Some obscure tributary of the Little Verdigris, up which -river Fowler has come to a point probably not determinable from -his itinerary. On crossing the meridian of 96° W. he passed from -the Indian Territory into Oklahoma, and is now in the N. W. -corner of the latter, in the Osage Reservation, not far from the -S. border of Kansas. Hence he will take a general westerly -course, through the Osage country, nearly parallel with the -Kansas border and Cherokee strip, to the Arkansaw river. I -find myself unable to trace this traverse satisfactorily, as neither -the courses nor the distances given can be relied upon. I am -inclined to think Fowler sometimes reverses the courses of -streams—<i>i.e.</i>, gives them as they bear from himself, not as they -flow. At any rate I cannot identify the several streams he mentions -Oct. 3-5. I suppose that, after finishing with the watershed -of the Little Verdigris, he crosses some heads of Buck -(formerly Suicide) creek, and then Beaver and Little Beaver -creeks, whose united streams enter the Arkansaw at the Kaw -Agency.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16" id="Footnote_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Cabree or cabri—the American antelope, <i>Antilocapra -americana</i>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17" id="Footnote_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> <i>Read</i> Bad Saline. But this is a mistake; the Saline or Salt -fork of the Arkansaw is far from here, on the other side of the -main river. Qu: is the supposed “Bad Salean” a headwater of -Buck creek?</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18" id="Footnote_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Four questionable streams passed to-day; I suppose them to -be the Beaver creek and its tributaries already mentioned, as -Fowler must cross these to strike the Arkansaw at the only point -which renders intelligible his itinerary up this river to the Little -Arkansaw at Wichita, Kas., as given beyond. Fowler appears to -be camped on Little Beaver creek, above its junction with -Beaver creek; if so, he is in the Kansas Indian Reservation, a -few miles N. of present Kaw Agency.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19" id="Footnote_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> At a point somewhere within the present Kansas Indian -Reservation, in Oklahoma, perhaps not far from opposite the -mouth of Chilocco or Chilocky creek, a little S. of the Cherokee -strip.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20" id="Footnote_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Apparently the stream now known as Grouse creek, which -traverses Cowley Co., Kas., on a general S. S. W. course, to fall -into the Arkansaw in the Cherokee strip, between Kansas and -Oklahoma.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_21" id="Footnote_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> White or Whitewater is a former name of that stream which -is now known as Walnut creek, and on which is situated Winfield, -seat of Cowley Co., Kas. Its general course is S. through -Butler and Cowley counties, but it loops both E. and W. on -approaching the Arkansaw. Fowler says that he struck it on its -W. bend, which is above the place called Arkansas City, and if, -after crossing it, he ascended it for 8 m., he proceeded about -N. W. in the direction of Winfield.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_22" id="Footnote_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Nearly on the line between Cowley and Sumner counties, -Kas.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_23" id="Footnote_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Vicinity of Mulvane, on or near the line between Sumner and -Sedgwick counties, Kas.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_24" id="Footnote_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> At Wichita, seat of Sedgwick Co., Kas., where the Little -Arkansaw joins the Arkansaw river.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_25" id="Footnote_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Up which the party will continue for many days. Camp -to-day in Sedgwick Co., near the border of Reno Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_26" id="Footnote_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Cow creek, a considerable tributary of the Arkansaw, falling -in below Hutchinson, seat of Reno Co. See Pike, ed. of 1893, -p. 424.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_27" id="Footnote_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> At or near Hutchinson, Reno Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_28" id="Footnote_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> The ultimate sources of Cow creek, at the mouth of which -Fowler camped on the 15th, are of course afar off. He means a -source of Bull creek, that branch of Cow creek which arises in -the vicinity of Sterling, Rice Co., and runs approx. parallel with -the Arkansaw past Nickerson, Reno Co., to join Cow creek a few -miles below the latter place.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_29" id="Footnote_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> The 1700-feet contour line is quite near the S. side of the -Arkansaw for several miles along here, and crosses the river a -little below Raymond, Rice Co., while on the N. side the same -contour line is as far off as Lyons—some 11 or 12 miles. Fowler -viewed the topography correctly.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_30" id="Footnote_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> At or near Ellinwood, Barton Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 425. Fowler is fairly on the great bend of the Arkansaw, but -not yet at the place called Great Bend.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_31" id="Footnote_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> A mistake—Fowler has not yet reached the Pawnee fork of -the Arkansaw. His “paney River” is Walnut creek, near which -is Great Bend, seat of Barton Co. This identification is proven -by: (1) The <em>west</em> course assigned for to-day, the reach from -Ellinwood to Great Bend being the only one in that direction. -(2) The <em>walnut</em> and other trees named as growing on this stream. -(3) The statement that this is the <em>second</em> stream crossed since -leaving the Little Arkansaw—the only other one being Cow -creek of p. 19. (4) The courses and distances given beyond for -the identifiable streams crossed, namely: Pawnee fork, Coon -creek, and Mulberry creek, all of which fetch out quite right, if -the present adjustment be made, otherwise all wrong. It would -be curious to know if this is simply a blunder of Fowler’s, or if -Walnut creek was once known as “paney river”; most likely the -former, as I have never met with the present malidentification -before. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 425.</p> - -<p>Fowler rounds the great bend, past Great Bend, and camps, as -he says, 9 m. short of the true Pawnee fork. It will be observed -that he has no name but “Red Rock” for the subsequently and -long famous Pawnee Rock, which now gives name to a station -on the railroad, said to be 16 m. above Great Bend and 13 m. -below Larned. It is said to have received its name from a fight -there in May or June, 1826, when an expedition which Col. Ceran -St. Vrain had fitted out was attacked by Pawnees, and Kit Carson, -then a boy, killed his own mule by mistake for an Indian during -a false alarm the night before. “Pawnee Rock is no longer conspicuous. -Its material has been torn away both by the railroad -and the settlers in the vicinity, to build foundations for water-tanks, -in the one instance, and for the construction of their -houses, barns, and sheds, in the other. Nothing remains of the -once famous landmark, its site is occupied as a cattle corral by -the owner of the claim in which it is situated,” says Inman, Old -Santa Fé Trail, 1897, pp. 404, 405.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_32" id="Footnote_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> <em>This</em> is the Pawnee fork, which Fowler crosses at Larned, -Pawnee Co., and continues up the left bank of the Arkansaw. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 432.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_33" id="Footnote_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Big Coon creek, which skirts the Arkansaw for a long distance, -and on which are Garfield, Pawnee Co., and Kinsley, -Edwards Co. Camp in the vicinity of Garfield. See Pike, ed. of -1895, pp. 434, 435.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_34" id="Footnote_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> The same Big Coon creek, up which Fowler is still going, -approx. parallel with the Arkansaw. Camp in the vicinity of -Kinsley, Edwards Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_35" id="Footnote_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> One of the forks of the same Big Coon creek.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_36" id="Footnote_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Mulberry creek, falling into the right bank of the Arkansaw -at town of Ford, Ford Co. Here is a case in which Fowler obviously -reverses the course of a stream, giving the direction as it -bears <em>from</em> himself; N. 25° E. is about right for Mulberry creek. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 436. This identification of Mulberry -creek shows that we have fetched Fowler correctly from the great -bend, his courses and distances proving to be near enough.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_37" id="Footnote_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> The distance given sets Fowler at or near site of present -Dodge City, seat of Ford Co., for many years the most notable -point along this portion of the river, as it still is. See Pike, ed. -of 1895, p. 437.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_38" id="Footnote_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> Vicinity of Cimarron, Gray Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 438.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_39" id="Footnote_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> Vicinity of Ingalls, Gray Co., or rather beyond.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_40" id="Footnote_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> At some point beyond Pierceville, Finney Co. See Pike, ed. -of 1895, p. 440.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_41" id="Footnote_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Having passed Garden City, seat of Finney Co., by perhaps -8 or 10 m.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_42" id="Footnote_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> This first southing seems to indicate a start from a point -where the river reaches lat. 38° N., near the W. border of Finney -Co., at about the distance last said beyond Garden City; whence -the general course of the Arkansaw is nearly as said past Deerfield -and Lakin to Hartland, Kearney Co. The distance given -from this turn of the river would bring Fowler somewhere -between the two last named places.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_43" id="Footnote_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Chouteau’s, whose name was long borne by a large island in -this vicinity, not easy to locate exactly. If there has been but one -of this name, Chouteau’s island has floated a good many miles up -and down the river—at least, in books I have sought on the subject. -Inman locates it near Cimarron, Kas., p. 42; at the mouth -of Big Sandy creek, Col., p. 75; and his map agrees with the -latter position. He says, pp. 40, 41: “As early as 1815, Auguste -P. Chouteau and his partner, with a large number of trappers -and hunters, went out to the valley of the upper Arkansas, ... -The island on which Chouteau established his trading-post, and -which bears his name even to this day, is in the Arkansas River -on the boundary line of the United States and Mexico.... -While occupying the island, Chouteau and his old hunters were -attacked by about three hundred Pawnees, whom they repulsed -with the loss of thirty killed and wounded.” (Auguste P. Chouteau, -b. May 9, 1786, married Sophie A. Labadie Feb. 15, 1809; -d. 1839. He was the eldest son of John Pierre Chouteau, and -elder brother of Pierre Chouteau, jr., b. Jan. 19, 1789, d. Oct. 6, -1865.)</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_44" id="Footnote_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Exactly so—passing Hartland, seat of Kearney Co., and continuing -10 m. N. 80° W. to camp near border of Kearney and -Hamilton counties, nearly in the position of Kendall, in the latter -county. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 440.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_45" id="Footnote_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Reading 4 + 6 + 6 = 16 m. to-day, and the last course W., -we should bring Fowler past Syracuse, seat of Hamilton Co., to -the vicinity of Coolidge, and thus near the boundary between -Kansas and Colorado. This lap seems to me to stretch somewhat, -but such advance as I here indicate appears to be required to -adjust Fowler’s topography beyond, and bring him correctly to -Purgatory river on the 13th. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 441. -Compare also date of June 11, 1822, beyond.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_46" id="Footnote_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Apparently that now known as Two Butte creek, from the -S., falling in nearly opposite Wild Horse or Little Sandy creek -from the N., a mile or two above Hollys, Prowers Co., Colorado. -Camp 3 m. above Two Butte creek would be about 2 m. short of -the station Adana, on the A. T. and S. F. R. R. See Pike, ed. -of 1895, p. 442.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_47" id="Footnote_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Past Adana, Granada, and Manville, to a point about opposite -Carlton, Prowers Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_48" id="Footnote_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> This large dry creek, from the N., is the Big Sandy, which -falls in about the distance said above the camp which was on the -island opposite Carlton. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443. Somewhere -about the mouth of Big Sandy creek is one of the locations -of the shifty Chouteau’s island mentioned on p. <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_49" id="Footnote_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Willow creek, on which is Lamar, seat of Prowers Co. See -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_50" id="Footnote_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Present name the same—Mud or Muddy creek, nearly halfway -between Prowers, Bent Co., and Caddoa creek. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 443.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_51" id="Footnote_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> A statement which serves to fix camp with perfect precision. -The two mounds said are both between one and two -miles due W. of Caddoa, and just the distance said W. of Caddoa -creek. These isolated elevations appear in due form on the U. S. -Geological Survey map of Colorado, Lamar sheet, near lower -left-hand corner. The railroad cuts between the river and these -bluffs, but the wagon road rises over them, back of their tops. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_52" id="Footnote_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Two special elevations across the river, directly in line from -camp, are respectively 3975 and 4200 feet high, and their summits -just about 5 m. apart.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_53" id="Footnote_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> Present Rule creek, quite at the distance said from the twin -bluffs at camp.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_54" id="Footnote_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> Las Cumbres Españolas—the celebrated Spanish Peaks. -This is the place where, on the 15th of Nov., 1806, Pike’s party -gave “three cheers to the Mexican mountains.” His map bears -the legend: “Here the Mountains are first seen.” It is a curious -fact, now forgotten by most persons, that the Spanish Peaks -were called and supposed to be Pike’s Peak for some time—during -the years that Pike’s Peak was called James’ Peak. Thus, -Thomas J. Farnham, writing of 1839 in his Travels, New York, -1843, p. 41, says: “Pike’s peak in the <em>south</em>west, and James’ peak -in the northwest, at sunset showed their hoary heads above the -clouds that hung around them.” Again, <i>ibid.</i>, p. 42: “Sixty miles -east of these mountains [in Colorado and New Mexico], and 50 -<em>south</em> of the Arkansas, stands, isolated on the plain, Pike’s peak, -and the lesser ones that cluster around it”—here also thus distinguishing -it from James’ Peak, north of the Arkansaw. As I -have said in my edition of Pike, p. 457, where I discuss the first -application of Pike’s name to the peak which now bears it, the -date has never been exactly ascertained; and here in Farnham -we have the Spanish Peaks called by Pike’s name so late as 1839. -I suppose it will be difficult, if not impossible, to trace the proper -appellation of Pike’s Peak back of Frémont’s expedition of 1843-44. -At the time I penned my note on the subject I did not -know that the misapplication of Pike’s name to the Spanish -Peaks had ever been current, and my reference to the verbal use -of the term in the 30’s may have had no other foundation. Pike’s -Peak having been first surmounted by Dr. Edwin James and his -men, at 4 p. m., July 14, 1820, was formally named James’ Peak -in Long, ii, 1823, p. 45, from Long’s MS. notes of July 15, 1820.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_55" id="Footnote_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Fowler’s supposition is correct—this is Pike’s “1st Fork” of -the Arkansaw, Spanish Rio Purgatorio and Rio de las Animas -Perdidas, French Rivière Purgatoire, English Purgatory river, -often corrupted into Picket-wire, and also known as Las Animas -river. It enters the Arkansaw from the S. in long. 103° -10´ W., midway between Fort Lyon (across the main stream) and -the town of Las Animas, Bent Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 445.</p> - -<p>Fowler names Purgatory river “White Bair crick” on June 6, -1822, beyond, from the tragic incident now about to be narrated.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_56" id="Footnote_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Grizzly bear, <i>Ursus horribilis</i>. Lewis Dawson may not -have been the first American citizen to die and be buried in -present Colorado, but I have found no such fact of earlier date.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_57" id="Footnote_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> The first of these is Pike’s Peak; the second and third are the -two Spanish Peaks. Besides the names of these latter which I -have noted on p. <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, they have also been known as Las Dos Hermanas—The -Two Sisters; and when I was in that country I sometimes -heard the French names Les Tetons and Les Mamelles. -The Ute Indian name, Wahtoyah, meaning Twins, is taken by -Lewis H. Garrard as the major title of his book, otherwise The -Taos Trail, etc., Cincinnati, 1850—a boyish piece of work, but -the readable work of a very bright boy, who has much to say -from personal observation of Taos, whither Fowler is bound. -He is well worth looking up in the present connection.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_58" id="Footnote_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Vicinity of Robinson, about on the boundary between Bent -and Otero counties, and near the site of Bent’s fort, which was a -noted place for many years. See Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 446, 447, -and to authorities there cited for description add Farnham, -Travels, 1843, chap. iv, beginning p. 34. Fort William was an -alternative name of the same establishment—so called after one -of the Canadian-French Bent brothers, who were William, -George, Robert, and Charles. In 1826 three of them, with Ceran -St. Vrain, built a rude stockade on the N. bank of the Arkansaw -<em>above</em> Pueblo—perhaps halfway up to Cañon City. In 1828 -they moved down below Pueblo, and began the erection of the -permanent structure called Fort William, which was long better -known as Bent’s “old” Fort. It existed till 1852, when Col. -Wm. Bent destroyed it with fire and gunpowder. He immediately -selected a new site lower down the Arkansaw, on the same -(N.) side, in the well-known locality of the Big Timbers, where -he erected Bent’s “new” fort in 1853, and used it as a trading-post -till 1859, when it was leased to the Government; Col. Bent -moving to a point just above Purgatory river for the winter of -1859-60. Next spring Bent’s place became Fort Wise, so named -for the Governor of Virginia, but in 1861 this name was changed -to Fort Lyon, in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at -the battle of Wilson’s creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. In the spring of -1866 the river undermined this post, and it was moved to a point -20 m. lower down, though the old post continued to be used as a -stage station by Barlow, Sanderson and Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_59" id="Footnote_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Adobe and Horse creeks. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 446.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_60" id="Footnote_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> At or near La Junta, seat of Otero Co., where the Arkansaw -bends a little S. of lat. 38° N. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 447.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_61" id="Footnote_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> Present Crooked creek, a little above La Junta. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 447.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_62" id="Footnote_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> Timpas creek, about midway between La Junta and Rocky -Ford, Otero Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 448.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_63" id="Footnote_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> In the wide low bottom some 4 or 5 m. below Catlin, Otero -Co., and about twice that distance short of the Apishapa river. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 448.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_64" id="Footnote_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Apishapa river, now crossed by the railroad 4½ m. above the -station Catlin, already named. Camp said to be 5 m. above this -river. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 448.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_65" id="Footnote_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> This Indian camp, of which we shall hear more, appears -from the indications given to have been on the N. side of the -Arkansaw, a little over the border of Otero Co., about half -way between Fowler’s last camp and Nepesta, Pueblo Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_66" id="Footnote_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> Ietans—Comanches.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_67" id="Footnote_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> James Monroe, then President of the United States.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_68" id="Footnote_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> San Antonio, Tex.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_69" id="Footnote_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> Pueblo de Taos, N. M.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_70" id="Footnote_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> Major S. H. Long, whose expedition came down the Arkansaw -and Canadian rivers in 1820. The “Predesent” above said -is of course President Monroe.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_71" id="Footnote_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> To a position 2 or 3 m. beyond Nepesta, and about 5 m. -short of Huerfano river.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_72" id="Footnote_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> The Huerfano or Orphan river, falling into the Arkansaw -as said, opposite the station Booneville on the railroad. See -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 448, for this river, which is his “2nd Fork.” -Among the mangled names found in print are Rio Walfano of -Farnham, Travels, 1843, p. 41; and, most curious of all, Wharf -creek of Long’s Exped., ii, 1823, p. 59, where the innocent -reader is informed that the Rio Huerfano “is called by the -Spaniards Wharf creek, probably from the circumstance of its -washing perpendicular precipices of moderate height”!</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_73" id="Footnote_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> From camp at a point given on the 25th as 3 m. above the -Huerfano, to-day’s 5 m. would take Fowler about 3 m. short of -St. Charles river. He passes opposite the mouth of Chico creek, -as duly noted on the 27th. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 451.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_74" id="Footnote_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> At this point in the MS. the handwriting changes, Fowler’s -giving way to that of Colonel Glenn, who writes in a firm and -clear hand. The reader will also notice the difference in the -spelling and syntax of what now follows, to the middle of the -account of Dec. 31.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_75" id="Footnote_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> At this point Fowler resumes his own pen, but Colonel -Glenn’s story continues, apparently by dictation to Fowler, to -the end of the entry for Jan. 1, 1822.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_76" id="Footnote_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> Santa Fé, N. M.—End of Colonel Glenn’s story, in Fowler’s -handwriting.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_77" id="Footnote_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> Fontaine qui Bouille of the French, Boiling Spring river or -creek, present Fountain river or creek, site of the city of Pueblo. -This river is Fontaine-qui-bouit in Frémont, Fontequebouir in -Farnham, Rio Almagre of the Spanish, and forms one of the -Grand Forks of Pike. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 452, etc.</p> - -<p>We must pause here to consider Fowler as the first settler, or -at least squatter, on the site of the future Pueblo, Col., the honor -of founding which is claimed by, and commonly conceded to, -James P. Beckwourth, whose mendacity was as illimitable as the -plains over which he roamed while he was the great chief of the -Crows, and whose credit for the same was as high as the mountains -in which his adopted nation lurked. It is true that Pike -built at Pueblo a sort of stockade for the defense of his party, -but this was merely a log pen or breastwork which his men occupied -Nov. 24-29, 1806, while he went on a side trip to his peak. -The structure was such as could be thrown up over night, and all -trace of it speedily disappeared. But Fowler built a habitable -house and horse-corral, which he occupied about a month, while -his party were trapping, hunting, and herding their stock in the -vicinity, awaiting the appointed time to take up the Taos Trail -which Col. Glenn had already followed to Santa Fé. The site of -Pueblo does not appear to have been reoccupied in any way -that can be called settling, for 20 years after Fowler. Then the -redoubtable Jim appears upon the scene: see Leland’s ed. of -Bonner’s Life of Beckwourth, 1892, p. 383. “We reached the -Arkansaw about the first of October, 1842, where I erected a -trading-post, and opened a successful business. In a very short -time I was joined by from fifteen to twenty free trappers, with -their families. We all united our labors, and constructed an -adobe fort sixty yards square. By the following spring we had -grown into quite a little settlement, and we gave it the name of -Pueblo.” In so saying, this boundless liar tells the truth—whether -by accident or design is immaterial to the substantial accuracy -of what he says. We also read further in Inman, p. 252: “The -old Pueblo fort, as nearly as can be determined now, was built -as early as 1840, or not later than 1842, and, as one authority -asserts, by George Simpson and his associates, Barclay and -Doyle. Beckwourth claims to have been the original projector of -the fort, and to have given the general plan and its name, in -which I am inclined to believe he is correct; perhaps Barclay, -Doyle, and Simpson were connected with him, as he states that -there were other trappers, though he mentions no names. It -was a square fort of adobe, with circular bastions at the corners, -no part of the walls being more than eight feet high. Around -the inside of the plaza, or corral, were half a dozen small rooms -inhabited by as many Indian traders and mountain-men.” -According to Fitzpatrick, in 1847 the settlement contained about -150 men and 60 or more women, the former mostly Missourians, -French-Canadians, and Mexicans, whose wives were squaws of -various Indian tribes, together with some American Mormon -women. On this subject see also Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 453, 454, -where an adobe fort is noted.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_78" id="Footnote_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> Compare “‘tabba bone!’ which in the Shoshonee language -means white man,” Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 480.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_79" id="Footnote_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> From Pueblo, Col., to a point on the Rio San Carlos or St. -Charles river, the creek above said, which is struck a little above -the confluence of the Greenhorn branch. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 451. The San Carlos is Pike’s “3d Fork” of the Arkansaw.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_80" id="Footnote_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Approximately up the Greenhorn to a point near lat. 38° N. -The sources of the Greenhorn are several, flowing from the -mountain of the same name (Spanish Cuerno Verde), 12,230 or -12,341 feet high, near the southern end of the Wet Mountain -range.</p> - -<p>At this date Fowler duplicates the day of the week, which -throws him out till Feb. 9, when he corrects himself. But -there is no break in days of the month.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_81" id="Footnote_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> One of the sources of the Greenhorn.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_82" id="Footnote_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> Apache creek, a branch of Rio Huerfano, arising with sources -of the Greenhorn from the mountain of the latter name, and -flowing eastward.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_83" id="Footnote_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Fowler’s distances seem to me short, considering how soon -he is to make the Sangre de Cristo Pass for which he is heading, -and I cannot locate this camp exactly. But his approximate -position is easily made out. He is about to round the southern -end of the Wet Mountain range, marked by Badito Cone, where -the Rio Huerfano flows out to the plains; he will cross this river -and enter upon the Sangre de Cristo range between the Sheep -mts. and the Veta mts. His position is not far from lat. 37° 45´; -place called St. Mary’s in the vicinity. Fowler has come all -along at an increasing distance W. of the D. and R. G. R. R., -his route being the old “Taos Trail” which the Mexicans followed -in passing from the Rio Grande in the vicinity of Taos to -the Arkansaw at or near present Pueblo, Col.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_84" id="Footnote_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Of the Huerfano river, which, if followed up W., would take -him into Huerfano Park, between the Wet Mountain range and -the Sangre de Cristo range.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_85" id="Footnote_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Making the Sangre de Cristo Pass, from the watershed of -the Huerfano to that of the Rio Grande del Norte. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 492. It may be difficult or impossible to find the -record of any earlier passage of these mountains by an American -party, or indeed any previous itinerary of the whole Taos Trail.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_86" id="Footnote_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Sangre de Cristo creek, tributary to Trinchera creek, a -branch of the Rio Grande. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 494.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_87" id="Footnote_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> Besides the distance above given for making the pass to-day. -Camp on Sangre de Cristo creek, which flows past Fort Garland -into Trinchera creek, in the San Luis valley. That branch of -the D. and R. G. R. R. which goes through the Veta pass follows -down the creek on which Fowler is camped.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_88" id="Footnote_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> Trinchera creek. Fowler seems to have left Sangre de Cristo -creek at a point about 4 m. E. of Fort Garland.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_89" id="Footnote_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> A portion of the San Luis valley, through which the Rio -Grande flows for a great distance. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 492.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_90" id="Footnote_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Rio Culebra, next tributary of the Rio Grande from the E. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 494.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_91" id="Footnote_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> The San Luis hills, on each side of the Rio Grande near the -Rio Culebra.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_92" id="Footnote_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> Rio Costilla, next tributary of the Rio Grande from the E. -See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 494. On reaching lat. 37° N. Fowler -passes from Colorado into New Mexico. The principal landmark -is Ute peak, isolated in the plain, a little south of the boundary -and of Rio Costilla, on the E. bank of the Rio Grande, alt. about -10,000 feet.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_93" id="Footnote_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> Apparently Colorado creek, another tributary of the Rio -Grande from the E.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_94" id="Footnote_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> San Cristobal—or the next village below, Los Montes. The -“deet guters” of the text are the arroyos which Fowler intended -to call deep gutters.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_95" id="Footnote_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> See Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 215, for a similar name of -ardent spirits, apparently the same word as <i>ratafia</i>. What -Fowler procured was aguardiente de Taos, a fiery fluid distilled -at San Fernandez from native wheat, and soon too well known -as “Taos lightning.”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_96" id="Footnote_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> Baptiste Roy, the interpreter, who had gone on to Santa Fé -with Col. Glenn.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_97" id="Footnote_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> San Fernandez de Taos, the Mexican village about 2 m. from -the Indian Pueblo de Taos. Gregg states that the first white -settler was a Spaniard named Pando, <i>ca.</i> 1745. See Pike, ed. of -1895, p. 598.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_98" id="Footnote_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> Pueblo de Taos, the ancient seat of the Pueblo Indians of -Taos, consisting then as now of two casas grandes—great adobe -buildings with the streamlet between them. Readers who would -like a little local color here will find it well laid on in chaps. -xiii-xviii of Garrard’s Wah-to-yah. The youthful author witnessed -the executions which followed the battle of Taos in 1847.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_99" id="Footnote_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> Pueblo creek, the northern one of two main forks of Taos -creek.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_100" id="Footnote_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Square brackets in the original MS.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_101" id="Footnote_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> Square brackets in the original MS.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_102" id="Footnote_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> Cieneguilla—to be distinguished from a place of the same -name S. W. of Santa Fé.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_103" id="Footnote_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> On Feb. 12, at the mouth of Taos creek.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_104" id="Footnote_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> See back, <a href="#Page_103">date of Feb. 8</a>: 14 m. from the mouth of Taos -creek would bring him about to Los Montes, but not to San -Cristobal.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_105" id="Footnote_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Fowler has come by his count 48 m. from the mouth of -Taos creek, N. along the right or W. bank of the Rio Grande, -which runs in a cañon the whole of this way. This distance is -about right to take him past the several special elevations -between which and the river he passes, known as Cerros Taoses, -San Cristobal, Montoso, Chifle, and Olla; when he reaches the -low ground of which he speaks, there are a crossing of the -river, cattle ranch, etc. See Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 597, 598.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_106" id="Footnote_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> That is, from the mouth of Taos creek to present camp—and -this is about right for the vicinity of Ute peak, on the E. side of -the Rio Grande, 4 m. S. of the boundary of Colorado (lat. 37° N.).</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_107" id="Footnote_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> Neither this course nor this distance would bring Fowler to -the Rio Conejos from any point on the Rio Grande to which the -previous mileages appear to have advanced him. The distance -is 15 m. on an air line due N. along the meridian of 105° 45´ from -Myer’s or Colona’s ferry to the mouth of the Rio Conejos; hence -we infer that Fowler has come up the Rio Grande further than -his previous mileages would indicate. But there is no doubt, -from his description in the above interesting passage, that he is -on the Rio Conejos; and 2 m. up it would be 3 m. below Pike’s -stockade of 1807, as he says. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 495 and -following, and p. 595.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_108" id="Footnote_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> Passing La Jara and Alamosa creeks between 4 and 6 m. -from the Rio Conejos. One of these, probably La Jara, is called -Willow creek on April 28, p. 135.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_109" id="Footnote_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> The San Juan range of mountains, bounding the San Luis -valley on the W., whence the Rio Grande issues into that valley -in the vicinity of the place called Del Norte.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_110" id="Footnote_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> Fowler has fetched up against the San Juan range somewhere -about the foot of Pintada peak, whence creeks called Piedra -Pintada, San Francisco, and others, flow E. and N. into the -Rio Grande. The above “large rock” is Hanging Rock on p. 126.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_111" id="Footnote_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> In the vicinity of La Loma del Norte, Rio Grande Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_112" id="Footnote_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> Perhaps Wolf creek, making down from Del Norte peak, or -another in that vicinity.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_113" id="Footnote_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> This fixes the position of the party exactly. This is the -South Fork of the Rio Grande, above which the main stream -comes S. E. from Wagon Wheel Gap, for about 12 m. to the -forks. Fowler’s compass points are here far out; the Rio Grande -is flowing about E. from the forks to the plains; and the courses -of the two forks <em>from</em> their confluence upward are, respectively, -about S. W. and N. W.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_114" id="Footnote_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> Up the North Fork or main Rio Grande, in Wagon Wheel -Gap, to a point about 2 m. below the mouth of Hot Spring -creek, presently mentioned in the text.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_115" id="Footnote_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> About W. from Fowler’s present position, and much further -off than the Spaniards told him.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_116" id="Footnote_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> Santa Maria lake, about in the position indicated, if we -make the required correction of compass points. This lake is 2 -or 3 m. N. E. of San Juan City, a place on the Rio Grande in -Antelope park, at the mouth of Clear creek. The road from the -Rio Grande N. W. to Lake fork of Gunnison river skirts Santa -Maria lake, and strikes the Lake fork at San Cristobal lake.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_117" id="Footnote_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> Text obscure, but intelligible if read as above amended. -The trip was from the creek on which the party had trapped -through a gap to the Rio Grande at a point whence the Spanish -road led from the river down the west side of the San Luis -valley to the Rio Conejos.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_118" id="Footnote_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> Trinchera creek, whose Sangre de Cristo branch the party -descended Feb. 4 and 5. See p. <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_119" id="Footnote_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> Vicinity of Fort Garland, Costilla Co., Col.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_120" id="Footnote_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> See back, date of Mar. 14, p. <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_121" id="Footnote_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> At p. 502 of the ed. of 1895; see also my notes at pp. 495, 496, -for this Ojo Caliente at the foot of the hill opposite Pike’s stockade -on the Rio Conejos. For the above named Willow (La Jara) -creek, see back, p. <a href="#Page_132">132</a> and p. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, Apr. 13 and Feb. 20.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_122" id="Footnote_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> Rio Culebra, which Fowler first passed Feb. 5, on his way -to Taos: see that date, p. <a href="#Page_101">101</a>. “Snake river” translates the -Spanish name, and the “Snake Hill” of the text is that one of -the San Luis hills which is near this river, on the E. side of the -Rio Grande.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_123" id="Footnote_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> New name, probably of some man who has joined the party. -See June 1, p. <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, where James and McKnight’s party join.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_124" id="Footnote_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> The party start for home by a different route from that on -which they came to Taos. Crossing the mountains eastward by -the Taos Pass, they leave the watershed of the Rio Grande for -that of the Arkansaw, and fetch out of the mountains on certain -headwaters of the Canadian, as noted beyond.</p> - -<p>In Gregg’s Comm. of the Pra., i, 1844, p. 19 and p. 67 (quoted -in Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 437), it is stated that a party of about a -dozen men, including two named Beard and Chambers, reached -Santa Fé in 1812, and returned to the U. S. in 1822. In Inman’s -Santa Fé Trail, p. 41, it is made eight years after James Pursley’s -trip that “Messrs. <em>McKnight</em>, Beard, and Chambers, with -about a dozen comrades, started with a supply of goods across -the unknown plains, and by good luck arrived safely at Santa -Fé,” where their troubles began; their wares were confiscated, -and most of them were incarcerated at Chihuahua “for almost a -decade.” Inman agrees with Gregg that Beard and Chambers -reached St. Louis in 1822, and notes that “McKnight was murdered -south of the Arkansas by the Comanches in the winter of -1822,” meaning of 1822-23. This McKnight is obviously the man -whom Fowler names.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_125" id="Footnote_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> Ferdinand creek; up this to its forks at foot of Taos Pass.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_126" id="Footnote_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> Thus making the Taos Pass, 8450 feet in altitude, and crossing -to the watershed of the Arkansaw; but still far from being -out of the mountains.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_127" id="Footnote_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> Cieneguilla creek, running N. down Moreno valley to join -Moreno creek, from the N., on which is Elizabethtown. The -confluence of these two creeks, at the foot of Little Baldy peak, -forms Cimarron creek, a tributary of the Canadian river. Moreno -valley separates the Taos range from the Cimarron range, -which latter Fowler is now crossing.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_128" id="Footnote_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> About E., over the Cimarron range, passing by Black Peak, -10,900 feet high, to camp in the plains on a tributary of Cimarron -creek, a branch of the Canadian (not to be confounded with that -vastly larger stream, the Cimarron <em>river</em>, which is a branch of -the Arkansaw itself). Cimarron creek, after issuing from the -mountains, and having been joined by Ponil creek on one side -and Rayado creek on the other, falls into the Canadian river; on -it are the towns of Cimarron and Springer, Colfax Co., N. M.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_129" id="Footnote_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> Cimarron creek, as already said.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_130" id="Footnote_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> Vermejo creek, next considerable branch of the Canadian -from the W. above Cimarron creek. It falls into the Canadian -between stations Dover and Dorsey of the A., T. and S. F. R. R.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_131" id="Footnote_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> The Canadian river itself, which Fowler appears to have -struck somewhere about the mouth of Tenaja creek, from the E. -This is in the vicinity of Maxwell’s station, a noted place in the -old days of staging, which I well remember, having arrived there -at 5 p. m. of Friday, June 10, 1864.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_132" id="Footnote_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> Position uncertain—see next note.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_133" id="Footnote_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> It is impossible to ascend the Canadian river <em>any</em> distance -on such a course, as the river is running due S. along here, after -coming E. from the mountains. Fowler was camped last night -at some uncertain point on the Canadian and on the present railroad -line, which runs due N. through Raton pass, across the -boundary between New Mexico and Colorado at 37°, and past -Fisher’s peak to Trinidad, on Purgatory river. But Fowler -makes altogether too much easting for any such course as this. -I understand, after careful consideration of his meager indications, -that his “up the crick” so many miles means up the Canadian -to the mouth of Chico Rico creek, a branch from the N. E. -which, if followed up, would take him through Manco Burro -Pass, between the Raton Mesa and the Chico Rico Mesa, to a -tributary of Purgatory river; but that, having gone up Chico -Rico creek to the confluence of its Una de Gato branch, he follows -up the latter to camp at the foot of the Chico Rico Mesa. -In no other way can we follow him “up a crick” continuously in -anything like the direction or to anything like the distance he -gives; and that this was the way he went will presently appear.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_134" id="Footnote_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> Chico Rico Mesa, a part of the general Raton plateau, separated -from Raton Mesa proper by the defile known as Manco -Burro Pass.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_135" id="Footnote_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> He means the chaparral cock or road-runner, <i>Geococcyx californianus</i>, -though he makes its bill about six times too long.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_136" id="Footnote_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> That is to say, Purgatory river, at the mouth of which Lewis -Dawson was killed by a grizzly bear: see p. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, Nov. 13, 1821. -Fowler had no name for this large river, excepting that it was -Pike’s “1st Fork,” and here speaks of it in terms which recall the -tragedy.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_137" id="Footnote_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> Chaquaqua creek, a large branch of Purgatory river, draining -N. from Chico Rico Mesa. Crossing this mesa in the direction -said, Fowler passes at 37° the line between New Mexico and -Colorado at the same place that the Denver, Texas, and Ft. -Worth R. R. does now—about long. 103° 53´ W.—and comes -down off the mesa about 5 m. due E. of Watervale, Las Animas -Co., Col. He keeps down the creek some 10 m. and camps on it, -about opposite the westernmost point of the Mesa de Maya.</p> - -<p>From this point Fowler makes a break, almost as straight as -the crow flies, for the Arkansaw, which he will strike at Coolidge, -Kas. It is a long distance across country, about N. E., with no -exactly identifiable landmark till we stand him on Two Buttes; -and his trail does not coincide, except approximately, with any -road I can find laid down on the best modern maps. The nearest I -know of is what is called the “probable course” of the wagon road -from Cimarron to Granada, on the drainage sheet of Hayden’s -Atlas of Colorado, 1877; but the maps I go by are the later ones -of the U. S. Geological Survey, 2 m. to the inch. It is a matter -of special interest to recover this old trail as closely as possible.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_138" id="Footnote_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> A long lap in the open to a blind camp, and copy a little -vitiated by some interlineation not quite clear. But we can follow -the trail pretty closely. The “mountain to our right” is the -general elevation of the Mesa de Maya, along which Fowler -passes about E. N. E., crossing successive dry drains of tributaries -of Purgatory river, all running to his left. Rounding the -extreme W. point of the Mesa said, Fowler steers past “a small -mountain standing by itself,” which appears to be, by a singular -coincidence, an isolated part of the general elevation now known -as <em>Fowler</em> Mesa. Further on E. along the N. border of the -Maya Mesa, is the better-known Mt. Carrizo, capped by Potatoe -Butte; the line between Las Animas and Baca counties cuts this -isolated elevation about lat. 37° 10´ N., and long. 103° 05´ W. -Camp cannot be far from the obscure place called Willow Spring, -on one of the collateral sources of Two Butte creek—possibly at -that identical water-hole.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_139" id="Footnote_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> Passing from Las Animas Co. to camp at some indeterminable -point in Baca Co., west of Springfield. From the degree -of easting made, and what is presently said of the S. E. -course of the dry washes to be passed to-morrow, I suppose -Fowler to be among the numberless and nameless drains which -make for tributaries of Cimarron river.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_140" id="Footnote_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> Two Butte creek, at a point Fowler gives as 3 m. short of the -Two Buttes whence it takes its name. Camp is still in Baca Co., -but very near the border of Prowers Co. Fowler’s “mound” -above said is Two Buttes, a conspicuous landmark, the first absolutely -identifiable one we have had for several days. The -principal one of his several dry water-courses is Bear creek, that -tributary of the Cimarron which runs past Springfield.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_141" id="Footnote_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> Two Buttes, position as said with reference to Two Butte -creek, and 1 m. due N. of the boundary between Baca and -Prowers counties.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_142" id="Footnote_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> North Butte creek, principal fork of Two Butte creek.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_143" id="Footnote_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> On Two Butte creek, a little above the confluence of North -Butte creek, having passed from Baca Co. into Prowers Co. -when opposite the Two Buttes. If he had kept on a little further, -about 4 m. below the forks, he would have reached Butte Springs, -and need not have dug for water.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_144" id="Footnote_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> Striking the Arkansaw about opposite Coolidge, in Kansas -near the border of Colorado. Camp of Nov. 4, 1821, which -Fowler presently mentions, was a mile lower down. As he says -on Nov. 5 that he went 9 m. to reach “a large crick” (Two -Butte creek), he appears to have struck the Arkansaw 8 m. below -that creek—<i>i.e.</i>, about opposite Coolidge, as just said.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_145" id="Footnote_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> Vicinity of Syracuse, Hamilton Co., Kas.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_146" id="Footnote_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> No doubt Braxton Cooper, from Daniel Boone’s salt works, -which were about 4 m. from Franklin, Mo. See Lewis and Clark, -ed. of 1893, p. 18, and Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 367, 570.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_147" id="Footnote_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> George Douglas, Nathaniel Pryor, and one unidentifiable -man. The blind word looks like “Rohland” or “Soulard,” but is -nothing like any name previously occurring in this MS. It must -be that of some man who joined the party at Taos, or else the -missing Christian name of one of the party mustered on p. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_148" id="Footnote_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> Unidentified—named for one of the party. See back, Oct. -22, p. <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_149" id="Footnote_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> Hitherto Fowler has retraced his steps down the Arkansaw, -and the points passed are easily reckoned by back references. -But here he leaves the river to cut off the large bend it makes in -sweeping past Ford, where Mulberry creek comes in. For this -“dry route” see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 433, 434.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_150" id="Footnote_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> Of our author = Walnut creek, near Great Bend: see back, -notes at p. <a href="#Page_22">22</a> and p. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_151" id="Footnote_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> Vicinity of Raymond, Rice Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_152" id="Footnote_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> Cow creek or one of its branches; vicinity of Lyons, seat of -Rice Co.</p> - -<p>Fowler has left the Arkansaw and taken up a devious ’cross -country route, which is to bring him through Kansas into Missouri -near Kansas City and so on through Independence, Mo., to Fort -Osage, on the Missouri river. In 1822 the road which soon became -the long famous Santa Fé caravan route from Independence -to the great bend of the Arkansaw was hardly established. -This went through Council Grove, by the most direct way which -the traders found it convenient to take. For an examination of -this route see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 517-522. It is interesting to -note, as showing that no such route as this had become established -and well known when Fowler went through, that he deviates -widely from what would have been his most direct and -in every way most eligible line of march. As we recover his -trail we shall find it to be one now unknown, looping far to the -S. into Butler Co., then passing heads of the Verdigris, crossing -the Neosho below the mouth of the Cottonwood, and so on eastward -with the requisite northing. I regard the trail we now -take up as something of an unexpected discovery.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_153" id="Footnote_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> From any position in which last night’s camp can have been, -it is impossible to bring Fowler to the Little Arkansaw on any -such course as <em>N.</em> 60° E. 30 miles. That course and distance -would take him far beyond the Little Arkansaw, to some point -about the heads of Turkey cr., N. of McPherson. Moreover, he -would never have seen the other party making down the -Arkansaw. Once more, the change I have made in reading the -text is required by what follows. He can be brought in “30” -miles <em>S.</em> 60° E. to the Little Arkansaw somewhere about the -mouth of Turkey creek, in Harvey Co. Observe that to-morrow’s -course, S. 65° E., is practically in the same direction he travels -to-day.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_154" id="Footnote_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> Of the Little Arkansaw, running S.; these are the Emma -creeks and Sand creek, the latter flowing through Newton, -Harvey Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_155" id="Footnote_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> Walnut creek—not to be confounded with the other of the -same name which joins the Arkansaw near Great Bend. This -Walnut creek falls into the Arkansaw near the border of -Oklahoma, being the one called White river by Fowler on -Oct. 9 (p. <a href="#Page_16">16</a>), one of whose branches is still known as Whitewater. -Camp is on one of these, near the boundary between -Harvey and Butler counties. We now realize what a roundabout -route Fowler is taking from the great bend of the Arkansaw -to Fort Osage on the Missouri, being far S. of the regular -“Santa Fé Trail” that was soon to become established.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_156" id="Footnote_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Of the same Walnut creek, on a course nearly E., in -Butler Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_157" id="Footnote_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> Of the same Walnut creek—the second branch above said -being the main source of this stream, interlocking with a source -of the south fork of Cottonwood river, nearly on the line between -Butler and Chase counties. Camp about the place called Sycamore -Springs, in Butler Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_158" id="Footnote_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> Not quite yet—Fowler has still to pass the heads of the -south fork of the Cottonwood, which he mistakes for those of -the Verdigris. No head of the Verdigris flows anything like -west, as he says that branch does on which he camps. All his -indications set camp unmistakably at or near Thurman, Chase -Co., on that branch of Thurman creek which runs westerly. -This creek is joined at Matfield Green by two others, the three -together composing the south fork of the Cottonwood, running -N. This is a queer place to find a man on his way from Great -Bend to Kansas City—but here he is!</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_159" id="Footnote_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> Head of Verdigris river, in Chase Co., at the distance and in -the direction said from Thurman.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_160" id="Footnote_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> The Verdigris itself and four of its collateral heads, named -Camp, Fawn, Rock, and Moon. Fowler’s trail here crosses that -of Pike, who was camped on one of these creeks Sept. 10, 1806. -For the remarkable fan-shaped leash of streamlets which compose -the headwaters of the Verdigris, see Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 400. Camp in vicinity of Olpe, Lyon Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_161" id="Footnote_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> The Neosho is struck at a point between Neosho Rapids and -the mouth of the Cottonwood, some 8 m. a little S. of E. from -Emporia, seat of Lyon Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_162" id="Footnote_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> Marais des Cygnes creek, continuation of Marais des Cygnes -river, as the main course of the Osage river in Kansas is still -called, by curious survival of the pure French phrase. This -stream is struck in the vicinity of Reading, Lyon Co., nearly on -the border of Osage Co.; whence Fowler proceeds about E. N. E. -across Cherry creek, to camp on the divide between Marais des -Cygnes creek and its Salt creek branch—somewhere between -Olivet and Osage City, seat of Osage Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_163" id="Footnote_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Salt creek, crossed in the vicinity of Lyndon, seat of -Osage Co.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_164" id="Footnote_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> Dragoon creek of present nomenclature, considered by -Fowler as the main Osage river. It is a large stream, about the -size of the Marais des Cygnes itself, separated from the latter -by Salt creek—all three of these coming together within a mile -or two of each other, in the immediate vicinity of Quenemo, -Osage Co., close to the border of Franklin Co. For Dragoon cr., -see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 520. Fowler is now nearing what was -soon to become the regular Santa Fé caravan route from Independence, -Mo., to the great bend of the Arkansaw—after having -needlessly made a great bend of his own southward from that -direct line of travel.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_165" id="Footnote_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> Appanoose creek, a branch of the Marais des Cygnes which -falls in near Ottawa, seat of Franklin Co., into which Fowler -has passed from Osage Co.</p> - -<p>“In 1812 a Captain Becknell, who had been on a trading expedition -to the country of the Comanches in the summer of 1811, -and had done remarkably well, determined the next season to -change his objective point to Santa Fé,” says Inman, p. 38. -When at or near the Caches on the Arkansaw, he left that stream -and took his party across country on the Cimarron or dry route; -but they were obliged to return, after suffering horribly from -thirst, and follow up the Arkansaw route to Taos.</p> - -<p>“The virtual commencement of the Santa Fé trade dates from -1822”; and in 1824 was made the first attempt to introduce -wagons, etc., says Inman, p. 51. According to Gregg, a better -authority, both pack animals and wagons were used 1822-25, but -after that wagons only. According to Fowler’s passage above, -we see that Becknell had taken wagons in 1822 if not earlier; -and thus the party to which Col. Marmaduke was attached, and -which reached Santa Fé with wagons in 1824, was not the first -to pass through Kansas on wheels.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_166" id="Footnote_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> One of these is Eight Mile creek, next branch of the Marais -des Cygnes, falling in near the mouth of the Appanoose, at -Ottawa. As “all the Watters runs South East,” we know that -Fowler is still on the Osage watershed, and I am inclined to set -his camp on one of the heads of Ottawa creek, some 6 m. W. of -Baldwin City, Douglas Co., perhaps not far from Willow Springs -camp of the traders; for which see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 519.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_167" id="Footnote_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> Heads of the Ottawa creek last said, especially of its East -fork. Fowler passes Baldwin City to camp on the divide between -the Osage and the Kansan waters.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_168" id="Footnote_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> Position not exactly determinable, somewhere between Baldwin -City and Edgerton, in the vicinity of Black Jack: see Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 519. The divide is here between heads of Big -Bull creek, tributary to the Osage, on the S., and heads of Captain -creek, a branch of Kansas river, on the N.—Captain creek -being the first branch from the S. below the mouth of Wakarusa -creek, which latter falls into the Kansas at Eudora. From present -camp Fowler passes into the watershed of the Kansas river.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_169" id="Footnote_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> Cedar creek, a branch of Kansas river, as Fowler supposed. -Camp on it in the vicinity of Olathe, Johnson Co., Kas. See -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 510. The direct distance is much less than -“22” m.; but the party wandered about all the morning.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_170" id="Footnote_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Turkey creek or a branch of it; this falls into the Kansas -river within present limits of Kansas City, Mo. Camp on or near -the Kansas-Missouri line, 5 m. from where the road then crossed -Big Blue river.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_171" id="Footnote_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> Big Blue river, falling into the Missouri between Kansas City -and Independence, Jackson Co., Mo. See Lewis and Clark, ed. -of 1893, p. 32, and Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 519. Fowler has just -passed from “the Indian Territory” into “the States”—that is, -from Kansas into Missouri.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_172" id="Footnote_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> One of several between Big and Little Blue rivers, at or near -Independence, Mo.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_173" id="Footnote_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> Little Blue river, the Hay Cabin creek of Lewis and Clark. -See ed. of 1893, p. 31.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_174" id="Footnote_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> At Fort point, later called Sibley, on the Missouri, between -Independence and Lexington, Mo. Fort Osage was built in -Sept., 1808, was sometimes called Fort Clark, and in Fowler’s -time was still an extreme frontier establishment. See Lewis and -Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 30.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_175" id="Footnote_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> Covington, Kenton Co., Ky., on the Ohio opp. Cincinnati.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="INDEX">INDEX.</h2> - -<ul> - -<li class="ifrst">A</li> - -<li class="indx">Adana, Col., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Adobe cr., <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Alamosa cr., <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> - -<li class="indx">American antelope, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Anderson, Mrs. M. B., <a href="#Page_xxiv">xxiv</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Annals of Iowa, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Antelope park, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Antilocapra americana, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Apache cr., <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">nation, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Apishapa r., <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Appanoose cr. or r., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arapaho chief, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arapaho Inds., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arkansas, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> -<li class="isub1">City, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arkansaw band of Osage Inds., <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <i>passim</i></li> - -<li class="indx">Arundinaria macrosperma, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ashland District, Ky., <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> - -<li class="indx">A., T. and S. F. R. R., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">B</li> - -<li class="indx">Baca Co., Col., <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Badito Cone, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bad Salean or Saline r., <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Baldwin City, Kas., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Barbo, Barbu, ——, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Barclay, ——, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Barlow, Sanderson and Co., <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Barton Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Bean">Bean and Saunders’ Salt Works, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bear cr., <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Beard, ——, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Beaver cr., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Becknal, Becknell, Capt., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Beckwourth, James P., <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Been, ——, see <a href="#Bean">Bean and Saunders</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Belle Pointe, Ark., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bent, Charles, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Col. William, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Col., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">George, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Robert, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bent’s ft., new and old, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Big Blue r., <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Bull cr., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Big_Coon_cr">Coon cr., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cr., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Sandy cr., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Timbers, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Black Jack, Kas., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Peak, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>Blue Mounds, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Boggs, Mr., <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Boiling Spring r., <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bonhomme, ——, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bonner, T. D., <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bono, ——, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Boone, Daniel, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Boone’s lick, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Booneville Col., <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bradford, Maj., <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Brush cr., <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Buck cr., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Buffalo cr., see <a href="#Big_Coon_cr">Big Coon cr.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Builder of Towns, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bull cr., <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Butler, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Butte Springs, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">C</li> - -<li class="indx">caberey, cabree, cabri, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caches, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caddoa, Col., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cr., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cadmus, <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Calhoon, a steamboat, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> - -<li class="indx">California, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Campbell Co., Ky., <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Camp cr., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Canadian r., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> - -<li class="indx">cane, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caney r., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cañon City, Col., <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Captain cr., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Carlton, Col., <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Carson, Kit, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Catholics, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Catlin, Col., <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caw r., see <a href="#Kansas_r">Kansas r.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cedar cr., <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cerro Chifle, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Cristobal, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Montoso, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Cerro Olla, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Taoses, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chambers, ——, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chaneers, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> - -<li class="indx">chaparral cock, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chaquaqua cr., <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chase Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cherokee country, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Nation, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">strip, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cherry cr., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cheyenne Inds., <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chico cr., <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Rico cr., <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Rico Mesa, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chihuahua, Mex., <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chilocco, Chilocky cr., <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chouteau, Auguste P., <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">John Pierre, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Pierre, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Chouteau">Chouteau’s isl., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cieneguilla cr., <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">N. M., <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cimarron cr., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kas., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> -<li class="isub1">mts., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> -<li class="isub1">N. M., <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> -<li class="isub1">route, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cincinnati, O., <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Claremore, Ind. Terr., <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Clark, Wm., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Clear cr., <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Clermont, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coates, Mrs. I. C., <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a>, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colfax Co., N. M., <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colona’s ferry, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colorado, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cr., <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Comanche Inds., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coolidge, Kas., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>Coon cr., <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cooper, Col. Braxton, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cortsand Ca [?], <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Costilla Co., Col., <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cottonwood r., <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coues, Dr. E., <a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Council Grove, Kas., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Covington, Ky., <a href="#Page_x">x</a>, <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cow cr., <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cowley Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coyner’s Lost Trappers, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Creek Nation, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Crooked cr., <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Crow Inds., <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">language, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cuerno Verde, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Culebra cr., <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cumbres Españolas, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cynomys ludovicianus, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">D</li> - -<li class="indx">Dauson, Dawson, Lewis, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Deerfield, Kas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Del Norte, N. M., <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">peak, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., see <a href="#Rio_Grande">Rio Grande del Norte</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Denver and Rio Grande R. R., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Denver, Texas and Fort Worth R. R., <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dodge City, Kas., <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dog cr., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dorsey, N. M., <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dos Hermanas, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Douglas Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Douglas">George, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dover, N. M., <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Doyle, ——, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dragoon cr., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Duglas, Duglass, see <a href="#Douglas">Douglas</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Durrett, Col. R. T., <a href="#Page_v">v</a>, <a href="#Page_vii">vii</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">E</li> - -<li class="indx">Edgerton, Kas., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Edwards Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Eight Mile cr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Elizabethtown, N. M., <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ellinwood, Kas., <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Emma crs., <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Emporia, Kas., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Eng-wah-con-dah cr., <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Eudora, Kas., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">F</li> - -<li class="indx">Farnham, T. J., <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fawn cr., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ferdinand cr., <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Filson club, <a href="#Page_v">v</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Findley, ——, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Findley’s isl., <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Finney Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fisher’s peak, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fitzpatrick, Thomas, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Five Mile cr., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li class="indx">flax, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fontaine qui Bouille, Fontaine-qui-bouit, Fontequebouir, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ford Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kas., <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fort Clark, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Garland, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Gibson, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Lyon, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Osage, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">point, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Smith, <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a>, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> -<li class="isub1">William, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Wise, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>Fountain cr. or r., <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fowler, Abigail, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Alexander, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Benjamin, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Edward, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Jacob, <a href="#INTRODUCTION">introd.</a> and <i>passim</i></li> -<li class="isub1">John, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mesa, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Robert, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Franklin Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mo., <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Frémont, J. C., <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Frémont’s Exp., <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">French, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Canadians, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">G</li> - -<li class="indx">Garden City, Kas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Garfield, Kas., <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Garrard, Lewis H., <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Geococcyx californianus, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gibson Station, Ind. Terr., <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Glann, Glen, Glenn, Col. Hugh, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Granada, Col., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grand Forks of Arkansaw r., <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Peak, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gray Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Great Bend, Kas., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Greenhorn r., <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gregg, Dr. Josiah, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">grizzly bear, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grouse cr., <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grus mexicana, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">H</li> - -<li class="indx">Hamilton Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hanging Rock, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Harper, F. P., <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hartland, Kas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Harvey Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hay Cabin cr., <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hayden, Dr. F. V., <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Henry and Thompson, <a href="#Page_ix">ix</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hogarth, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hollys, Col., <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Horse cr., <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hot Spring cr., <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Huerfano Park, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hutchinson, Kas., <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">I</li> - -<li class="indx">Ietan chief, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Inds., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Illinois r., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Independence, Mo., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Indian Territory, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ingalls, Kas., <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Inman, Col. Henry, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">J</li> - -<li class="indx">Jackson Co., Mo., <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Gen. Andrew, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> - -<li class="indx">James and McKnight, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Capt., <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> -<li class="isub1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>Dr. Edwin, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">James’ Peak, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Johnson Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">K</li> - -<li class="indx">Kansan waters, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kansas, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">City, Mo., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Ind. Reservation, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Missouri line, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Kansas_r">r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kaw Agency, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kearney Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kendall, Kas., <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kensa r., see <a href="#Kansas_r">Kansas r.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kenton Co., Ky., <a href="#Page_x">x</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kentucky, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kinsley, Kas., <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kiowa chief, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Inds., <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">L</li> - -<li class="indx">Labadie, Sophie A., <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> - -<li class="indx">La Jara cr., <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">La Junta, Col., <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lake fork of Gunnison r., <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lakin, Kas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lalande, B., <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></li> - -<li class="indx">La Loma del Norte, N. M., <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lamar, Col., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Larned, Kas., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Las Animas, Col., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Col., <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Leland, Charles G., <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lewis and Clark, <a href="#Page_ix">ix</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">M., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lexington, Mo., <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Linum perenne, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Little Arkansaw r., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Little Baldy peak, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Beaver cr., <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Blue r., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kentucky r., <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Sandy cr., <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Verdigris r., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Long, Maj. S. H., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Long’s Exp., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Los Montes, N. M., <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Louisville, Ky., <a href="#Page_vii">vii</a>, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a>, <a href="#Page_xv">xv</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lyndon, Kas., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lyon Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Gen. Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lyons, Kas., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">M</li> - -<li class="indx">McKnight, ——, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> - -<li class="indx">McPherson, Kas., <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mamelles, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Manco Burro Pass, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mandan villages, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Manville, Col., <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Marais des Cygnes cr. or r., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Marmaduke, Col., <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Matfield Green, Kas., <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Maxwell">Maxwell, Dudley, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Maxwell’s Station, N. M., <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Maxwill, see <a href="#Maxwell">Maxwell, Dudley</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Medicine Stone cr., <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mesa de Maya, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mexican mts., <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> -<li class="isub1">province, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mexicans, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mexico, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Miami r., <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mississippi r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Missouri, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kas. and Tex. R. R., <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>r., <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Monroe, Pres. James, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Moon cr., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Moran, Baptiste, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Moreno cr., <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">valley, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mormon women, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mt. Carrizo, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mud cr., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Muddy cr., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mulberry cr., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mulvane, Kas., <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Myer’s ferry, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">N</li> - -<li class="indx">Nabeho, Navajo Inds., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Neosho rapids, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Nepesta, Col., <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> - -<li class="indx">New Mexico, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Newport, Ky., <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Newton, Kas., <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">New York, <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Nickerson, Kas., <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - -<li class="indx">North Butte cr., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Fork of the Rio Grande, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Nuttall, T., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">O</li> - -<li class="indx">Œdipus, <a href="#Page_xv">xv</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ohio r., <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ojo Caliente, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Oklahoma, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Olathe, Kas., <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Olivet, Kas., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Olpe, Kas., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Orphan r., <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Osage City, Kas., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">country, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Inds., <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Reservation, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Osage r., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Osages of the Oaks, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Osage village, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">waters, watershed, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Otero Co., Col., <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ottawa cr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kas., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Otter cr., <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ovis montana, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">P</li> - -<li class="indx">Paduca Inds., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pall, see <a href="#Paul">Paul</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pando, ——, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Paneys, see <a href="#Pawnee_Inds">Pawnee Inds.</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Paul">Paul, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pawnee Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Pawnee_fork">fork, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Ind. fort, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Pawnee_Inds">Inds., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">language, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, see <a href="#Pawnee_fork">Pawnee fork</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Rock, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Peno, Baptiste, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Picket-wire r., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Piedra Pintada cr., <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pierceville, Kas., <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pike’s 1st fork of Ark. r., <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> -<li class="isub1">2nd fork of Ark. r., <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">fork of the Rio Grande, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Grand Forks of the Arkansaw, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Peak, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">stockade, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>Pike, Z. M., <a href="#Page_ix">ix</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pintada peak, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pitman’s cr., <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Plains, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Platte r., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ponil cr., <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Potatoe Butte, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Poteau r., <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Potter, ——, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> - -<li class="indx">prairie squirrel, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Prowers, Col., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Col., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pryer, Pryor, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pueblo, Col., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Co., Col., <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cr., <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> -<li class="isub1">de Taos, N. M., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Inds., <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Purgatory r., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pursley, James, <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Q</li> - -<li class="indx">Quenemo, Kas., <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">R</li> - -<li class="indx">Raccoon cr., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="ratafia">ratafia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Raton Mesa, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> -<li class="isub1">pass, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> -<li class="isub1">plateau, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> -<li class="isub1">route, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rayado cr., <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Raymond, Kas., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Reading, Kas., <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Red r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rock, Kas., <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Reno Co, Kas., <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rice Co, Kas., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rio Almagre, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Conejos, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Costilla, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Culebra, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> -<li class="isub1">de las Animas Perdidas, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Huerfano, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Grande Co., Col., <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Rio_Grande">Grande del Norte, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a>, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Purgatorio, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> -<li class="isub1">San Carlos, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Walfano, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rivière Purgatoire, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Robertson’s run, <a href="#Page_x">x</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Robinson, Col., <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rock cr., <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rocky Ford, Col., <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">mts., <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a>, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Roy, Baptiste, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rule cr., <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">S</li> - -<li class="indx">St. Antoni, see <a href="#San_Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Charles r., <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Flanders, see <a href="#San_Fernandez">San Fernandez de Taos</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Louis, Mo., <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mary’s, Col., <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Vrain, Col. Ceran, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Salt cr., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">fork of Arkansaw r., <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="San_Antonio">San Antonio, Tex., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Cristobal lake, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Cristobal, N. M., <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sand cr., <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>Sanders, Esther, <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sanders, see <a href="#Saunders">Saunders</a></li> - -<li class="indx">sandhill crane, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="San_Fernandez">San Fernandez de Taos, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Francisco cr., <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sangre de Cristo cr., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> -<li class="isub1">de Cristo Pass, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">de Cristo range, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">San Juan City, Col., <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Juan mts., <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Luis hills, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Luis valley, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Santa Fé, N. M., <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a>, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Fé route or trail, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Fé trade, <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Maria lake, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Saunders">Saunders, ——, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Scott, Frances, <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sebastian Co., Ark., <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sedgwick Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sequoiah, <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Shahaka, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sheep mts., <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Shoshone language, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Shotoes, see <a href="#Chouteau">Chouteau’s isl.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sibley, Dr., <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mo., <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mr., <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Simpson, ——, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">George, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Six Bull or Six Bulls r., <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Slover, ——, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Smith, Gen., <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Snake Hill, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Inds., <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">r., <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">South Fork of Rio Grande, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Spaniards, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Spanish Inds., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Peaks, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> -<li class="isub1">province, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">road, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">settlement, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Spencer, S., <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Springer, N. M., <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Springfield, Col., <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sterling, Kas., <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Suicide cr., <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sumner Co., Kas., <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sycamore Springs, Kas., <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Symmes, A., <a href="#Page_viii">viii</a>, <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Capt. J. C., <a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Hon. J. C., <a href="#Page_xiii">xiii</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Syracuse, Kas., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">T</li> - -<li class="indx">tabba bone, tabebo, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> - -<li class="indx">taffe, see <a href="#ratafia">ratafia</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tahlequah, Ind. Terr., <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tahlequah, Talequah r., <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Taos cr., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> -<li class="isub1">lightning, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">mts., <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="Taos">N. M., <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Pass <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Trail, <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Taylor, ——, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tenaja cr., <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tetons, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Thurman cr., <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Kas., <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Timpas cr., <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>Touse, Tows, see <a href="#Taos">Taos</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Trinchera cr., <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Trinidad, Col., <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Turkey cr., <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Twin mts., <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Two Butte cr., <a href="#Page_xxi">xxi</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Buttes, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Sisters, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">U</li> - -<li class="indx">Una de Gato cr., <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> - -<li class="indx">United States, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> - -<li class="indx">U. S. Army, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> - -<li class="indx">U. S. Geological Survey, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ursus horribilis, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ute Indians, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">peak, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">V</li> - -<li class="indx">Vanbeber, Van Biber, Jesse, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Van Buren, Ark., <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="Verdigris_r">Verdigris r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">trail, <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Vermejo cr., <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Vermilion r., <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Veta mts., <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Veta pass, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Vie, Esther de, <a href="#Page_xi">xi</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Virdegree r., see <a href="#Verdigris_r">Verdigris r.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Virginia, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">W</li> - -<li class="indx">Wagon Wheel Gap, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wahtoyah, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wakarusa cr., <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Walnut cr., <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cr., another, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Walters, Richard, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ward, Eli, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Warm Spring branch of Rio Conejos, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wasetihoge r., <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Washington, D. C., <a href="#Page_vii">vii</a>, <a href="#Page_xxiv">xxiv</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wassuja r., <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Watervale, Col., <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wet mts., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wharf cr., <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Whight r., see <a href="#White_r">White r.</a></li> - -<li class="indx">white bear, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">White Bear cr., <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li class="indx" id="White_r">White r., <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Whitewater r., <a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wichita, Kas., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wild Horse cr., <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wilkinson, J. B., <a href="#Page_xx">xx</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Williams, E., <a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Willow cr., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Willow Spring, Col., <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Springs camp, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wilson’s cr., <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Winfield, Kas., <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wise, Gov., <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wolf cr., <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Workman, J., <a href="#Page_xiv">xiv</a></li> - -</ul> - -<hr /> - -<h2>DR. COUES’ WORKS ON WESTERN EXPLORATION.</h2> - -<p class="noindent"><b>Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike.</b></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent">To the Headwaters of the Mississippi River, the Interior Parts of Louisiana, -Mexico and Texas, in the years of 1805-6-7. Reprinted in full from the original -Philadelphia edition of 1810. With copious explanatory, geographical and scientific -notes to the text, a new Memoir of Pike and an Index to the whole. -By Prof. Elliott Coues, Edition limited, 3 vols., 8vo.</p> - -<table summary="Editions and prices"> - <tr> - <td>1,000 on fine book paper</td> - <td>$10.00 net per set.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>150 on hand-made paper</td> - <td>$20.00 net per set.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -</div> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p>This edition of Pike’s explorations is only -second in value to the annotated journals of Lewis -& Clark, by the same editor. The rearrangement -by Dr. Coues of the appendices and other extraneous -matter adds very greatly to its value, since in -the original edition even the experienced reader -has found it difficult to collate complete information -on many important topics. The volumes are -an important contribution to geographical and -historical literature.—<i>The Nation</i> (3 columns).</p> - -<p>On the whole, the new Pike must prove monumental. -It will forever link its author with Pike’s -fame. Its map of Mississippi sources, and the -arduous voyage (of the editor) into the farthest -fountains, will not let us wonder that the Minnesota -Park Commissioner styled a lakelet feeding -Itasca, Elliot Coues, and inscribed that name -upon a boulder on that utmost shore.—<i>American -Historical Review</i> (2½ pages).</p> - -<p>The great merit in Dr. Coues’ notes is that they -preserve the history of the localities and give -credit to all the local historians and archæologists. -Dr. Coues seems to have read all of the local histories -and records, whether contained in books, -pamphlets or even newspapers, and has given the -references with great painstaking. In fact, the -notes are equivalent to a bibliography.—<i>American -Antiquarian and Oriental Journal.</i></p> - -<p>Dr. Coues’ new edition of “Pike’s Expeditions” -is a beautiful specimen of presswork most creditable -to the taste and liberality of the publisher. -The editor has done the material portion of his -work as successfully as has the publisher, the result -is a well-digested and most readable chronicle, instead -of ill-assorted bundles of information (as in the -original edition). No explorer has ever been more -fully aided to express himself through the ampler -knowledges of the generations that come after him -than in this case.—<i>The Dial</i> (2½ pages).</p> - -</div> - -<p class="noindent"><b>New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest.</b></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent">The Journals of Alexander Henry (Partner of the Northwest Company), -with Explorations and Life with the Fur Traders on the Red, Saskatchewan, -and Columbia Rivers, 1799-1814, now first published, with which are collated -the original unpublished manuscripts of David Thompson, Explorer and Geographer -of the Northwest Company. The whole carefully edited with copious -notes by Dr. Elliot Coues, with Maps, Index, etc. Limited edition, -3 vols., roy. 8vo,</p> - -<table summary="Editions and prices"> - <tr> - <td>1,000 copies, fine book paper</td> - <td>$10.00 net per set.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>100 on hand-made paper</td> - <td>$20.00 net per set.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -</div> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p>Dr. Coues says of this work: “No work approaching -these journals in the scope, extent, -variety and interest of its contents has appeared -since the publication in 1801 of Sir Alexander -Mackenzie’s memorable voyages, and the present -work will undoubtedly take rank with that classic -as a veritable mine of accurate information.” -Send for complete prospectus.</p> - -<p>“The exceeding value of the work lies in the fact -that it is new. Not for a long time has a book of -such great historical interest been published in -this country ... it should become a cherished -book in the eyes of all those who take more than a -passing interest in the early history of our -country.”—<i>New York Herald.</i></p> - -<p>“The claim of the publisher that few such important -books as this have been issued recently, is -a just one. The work is all that could be desired -in every way.”—<i>Cincinnati Commercial-Tribune.</i></p> - -<p>“He (Dr. Coues) beheld in Henry that which he -most desired to complete his magnificent endeavor -to illuminate the world of the West during the -early years of the nineteenth century.”—<i>The Nation.</i></p> - -<p>“Dr. Coues’ study and research as shown in -these volumes is simply marvelous.”—<i>New York -Tribune.</i></p> - -<p>“It will be seen also that Henry and Thompson -to a degree overlap Lewis and Clark.”—<i>The Dial.</i></p> - -<p>“The study of the Indians was his (Henry’s) life -work. Here he is keenest and most valuable.”—<i>Baltimore -Sun.</i></p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h2>List of corrections made to the text</h2> - -<div class="hanging"> - -<p><a href="#Page_2">Page 2</a>, removed repeated “the” (the Workes one Small Well)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_17">Page 17</a>, removed repeated “and” (Rich and Well timbered)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_34">Page 34</a>, removed repeated “on” (the main Chanel on the North Side)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_39">Page 39</a>, removed repeated “and” (Half a mile Wide and is offen Crosed)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_45">Page 45</a>, removed repeated “the” (Bareing of the three principle points)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_59">Page 59</a>, removed repeated “and” (He Was very frendly and Efected)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_64">Page 64</a>, removed repeated “the” (the Kiawa Cheef With His nation)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_66">Page 66</a>, removed repeated “but” (but a nomber of Squas Interfeered)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_68">Page 68</a>, removed repeated “the” (discovered the Indisposion)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_89">Page 89</a>, removed repeated “found one” (found one mair Soposed to Have been Stolen)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_106">Page 106</a>, removed repeated “and” (a Capten and Sixty men)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_130">Page 130</a>, removed repeated “this” (this the first We Have Seen)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_136">Page 136</a>, removed repeated “the” (We Went up the Crick about Eight miles)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_137">Page 137</a>, removed repeated “to” (Will not be able to Cross the mountains)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_142">Page 142</a>, removed repeated “Except” (Except those for Robert)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_151">Page 151</a>, removed repeated “of” (of Clear Watter)</p> - -<p><a href="#Page_167">Page 167</a>, removed repeated “the” (to avoid the musketoes)</p> - -<p><a href="#Footnote_9">Footnote 9</a>, changed, ironically, “mispelled” to “misspelled” (French name, no doubt misspelled)</p> - -<p><a href="#INDEX">Index</a>, changed “Buffelo cr.” to “Buffalo cr.”</p> - -<p><a href="#INDEX">Index</a>, changed “Mulberrry” to “Mulberry”</p> - -<p><a href="#INDEX">Index</a>, changed “tabbe bone, tabeo” to “tabba bone, tabebo”</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Journal of Jacob Fowler, by Jacob Fowler - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JACOB FOWLER *** - -***** This file should be named 62018-h.htm or 62018-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/0/1/62018/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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