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diff --git a/old/62018-0.txt b/old/62018-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7c487a0..0000000 --- a/old/62018-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6812 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Journal of Jacob Fowler, by Jacob Fowler - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Journal of Jacob Fowler - Narrating an Adventure from Arkansas Through the Indian - Territory, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, to - the Sources of Rio Grande del Norte, 1821-22 - -Author: Jacob Fowler - -Annotator: Elliott Coues - -Editor: Elliott Coues - -Release Date: May 3, 2020 [EBook #62018] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JACOB FOWLER *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - -Transcriber’s Note: For the most part, we must assume that what was -printed is a verbatim transcript of Fowler’s appalling spelling, but -a few corrections for what appeared to be certain printing errors are -detailed at the end. - - - - -I. - -AMERICAN EXPLORERS SERIES. - -Fowler’s Journal. - - - - -[Illustration: REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF JACOB FOWLER’S ORIGINAL -MANUSCRIPT. THE ABOVE INCLUDES FACSIMILE OF THE ONLY AUTOGRAPH -SIGNATURE OF MAJOR FOWLER, THE NAMES OF HIS PARTY, ETC., ETC.] - - - - - THE JOURNAL - OF - JACOB FOWLER - - _NARRATING AN ADVENTURE_ - - FROM - ARKANSAS THROUGH THE INDIAN TERRITORY, - OKLAHOMA, KANSAS, COLORADO, - AND NEW MEXICO, - TO THE - SOURCES OF RIO GRANDE DEL NORTE, - 1821-22 - - EDITED, WITH NOTES - BY - ELLIOTT COUES - - [Illustration] - - NEW YORK - FRANCIS P. HARPER - 1898 - - COPYRIGHT, 1898, - BY - FRANCIS P. HARPER - - - - - DEDICATED - - TO - - REUBEN T. DURRETT, A. M., LL. D., - - NESTOR OF KENTUCKY HISTORIANS - AND - PRESIDENT OF THE FILSON CLUB, - - IN ADMIRATION OF HIS PERSONAL CHARACTER AND IN - REMEMBRANCE OF PLEASANT HOURS PASSED - IN HIS HOSPITABLE HOME. - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -Jacob Fowler is an unknown author whose work has never before been -heralded beyond the private circles of his friends, relatives, and -descendants. The editor of his Journal has therefore a man as well as a -book to introduce to the public. Being responsible for the appearance of -the latter in print, he will presently say something on that score. But -first let us hear from Colonel R. T. Durrett, of Louisville, Ky., the -owner of the manuscript now published, who will speak for its author: - - LOUISVILLE, KY., _Dec. 4, 1897_. - - DR. ELLIOTT COUES, _Washington, D. C._ - - I have your letter, My Dear Doctor, in which you request me - to tell what I may know about the Journal you found among my - manuscripts when you were my guest last year, and which you - have determined to include in your admirable series of Western - Americana. I am sorry to have to say that I do not know much - of this manuscript or its author. The little I know, however, - will be cheerfully contributed to an undertaking which is - to place a Kentucky manuscript from my collection among the - publications which, under your editorship, have added so much - to our literature of discovery, exploration, and adventure. - - The author of this Journal is Major Jacob Fowler. His name is - not attached to the Journal, and does not appear on any of - its pages in such a way as to indicate authorship. Yet it is - well understood among his numerous descendants now living in - Kentucky and other States that he is the author. I obtained the - manuscript some years ago from Mrs. Ida Symmes Coates, daughter - of the late Americus Symmes, now residing at her country seat - near Louisville. Mrs. Coates is a great-granddaughter, on the - maternal side, of Jacob Fowler. The manuscript descended to - her in a direct line from her mother, Frances Scott, who was a - granddaughter of Jacob Fowler, and who had obtained it in the - same way from her mother, Abigail Fowler, the only daughter - of Jacob Fowler. The manuscript has thus come down to us in - a direct line, and is the unquestionable work of Major Jacob - Fowler. - - When Mrs. Coates gave me this manuscript she remarked that - although her great-grandsire was a very well educated man, - he wrote a very bad hand, and that I might be puzzled now and - then in getting at his meaning. I found this to be true, and - would not like to say that I succeeded in interpreting all of - his modern hieroglyphics. When I placed the manuscript in your - hands I felt sure that Lewis and Clark, Pike, and Henry and - Thompson, as well as other explorers, had made you so familiar - with the country gone over by Major Fowler, that you could - with comparative ease master its chirographic difficulties. In - this I was right; but I do remember how, with your constantly - replenished pipe, you sat in my library, and smoked and puzzled - over this manuscript. A distinguished host once assured his - guest that the more raw turnips he ate, the more water he would - drink, and that the more water he drank, the more turnips he - would eat. With a touch of similarity, you smoked and read, - and read and smoked, with manifest indications of successful - or unsuccessful interpretations of the text, as your puffs - were rapid or slow. It might be hard to say whether you smoked - most or read most, but you finally mastered the manuscript; - and whether you did so by smoking out the uninterpretable - hieroglyphics, or got rid of them by other means, does not - matter. While a cloud of smoke may not seem to be the best - means of clearing up the obscurity of a manuscript, it is the - known result here considered, if not the philosophy of its - action. - - Pioneers by the name of Fowler were early in Kentucky, and - some of them were the owners of large bodies of land. In 1783, - Alexander Fowler entered 10,000 acres on the Little Kentucky - river; and in 1784, John Fowler, who was the first member of - Congress from Ashland District, located 1536 acres on Brush - creek and on the dividing ridge between Pitman’s creek and - Robertson’s run. I do not know whether Jacob Fowler was of the - family of these Fowlers, but he was certainly akin to them - in so far as the love and ownership of lands were concerned. - Besides other possessions, he owned 2000 acres of the site of - the present city of Covington, Kenton Co., Ky. He was one of - the pioneers of what afterward became the county of Kenton, - before the city of Covington was incorporated. A census of - the male inhabitants of this locality shows him to have been - residing here in 1810, with his sons Edward and Benjamin. Had - he been permitted to retain these Covington lands, he might - have become a multi-millionaire. His kind heart, however, led - him to become the indorser of those who made a clean sweep - of his fine estate. A large double brick dwelling house, - handsomely furnished, in the midst of ample grounds, planted - with trees and shrubbery, flowers and blue-grass, went with - his lands to pay the debts of others. Had he written his name - as indorser as illegibly as he wrote the names of others in his - Journal, there might have been some ground for what lawyers - call the plea of _non est factum_, to clear him of liability. - But such was not the case, and his security for others swept - away his large estate. - - Major Fowler was born in New York, in 1765, and came to - Kentucky in early life, a fine specimen of physical manhood, - fully equipped for the office and duties of a surveyor. His - surveying instruments were the best of their day, and elicited - no little envy from those who used the common Jacob’s staff and - compass, and chain of the times. He had the reputation of being - an accomplished surveyor, and did much in this line for the - United States government. His surveying extended to the great - plains and mountains of the far West, before civilization had - reached these distant wilds. He was there when wild animals and - wilder savages were the only tenants of the wilderness. - - Major Fowler married the widow Esther Sanders, _née_ de Vie, - of Newport, Ky. She was of French descent, and a lady of great - beauty and accomplishments. She made his home one of happiness - and hospitality. She sometimes accompanied him on his surveying - expeditions and bore domestic charms to the tent in which they - lived, as she did to the palatial mansion at home. She was a - woman of fine business capacity, who, when her husband was not - at home, attended to his affairs, and especially to his farm in - the suburbs of Covington. Here fine stock and abundant crops - owed much to her constant care and supervision. The grapes - that grew on the place were made into wine and the apples into - cider, in accordance with the knowledge she had inherited from - her French ancestors. Her great-grandchildren of to-day tell - of the life of the camp, when she was with her husband in his - surveying expeditions. The tent floor was nicely carpeted; - a comfortable bed invited repose after the toil of the day; - dainty china, bright cut glass, and shining silverware, - handsome enough to be preserved as family heirlooms by their - descendants, were used on the camp table. It was something of - Parisian life in the dreary wilderness. - - Major Fowler died in Covington in the year 1850. His life as - a surveyor and explorer in the West subjected him to many - hardships, but a constitution naturally vigorous was preserved - with care until he reached his eighty-sixth year. He has - numerous descendants in Kentucky, Ohio, and other States, some - of whom occupy high social positions. Mrs. Coates, to whom I - am indebted for this manuscript Journal, is, in the paternal - line, the granddaughter of Captain John Cleve Symmes, author of - the “Theory of Concentric Spheres,” 12mo. Cincinnati, 1826, - and great-grandniece of Hon. John Cleve Symmes, a member of - Congress from New Jersey, who purchased of the United States - government that vast body of land in the State of Ohio, lying - on the north bank of the Ohio river between the two Miamis. - With the knowledge and consent of her father, the late Americus - Symmes, she gave me the manuscript in the belief that I would - make some good use of it. After thinking for a time that I - would place it among the Filson Club Publications, I changed my - mind and turned it over to you to be published. I think this is - the best use I could have made of the manuscript, and I shall - now wait with impatience until I see your work published in the - best style of Francis P. Harper, and read your ample notes and - comments, which I doubt not will be after the inimitable manner - of your Lewis and Clark, your Pike, and your Henry and Thompson. - - Truly, - - R. T. DURRETT. - -The MS. which I received from Colonel Durrett is entitled: “memorandom -of the voige by land from fort Smith to the Rockey mountains”—and is the -most like those mountains of any I have ever undertaken to overcome. My -eminent friend does not exaggerate the difficulty of deciphering the -characters which he aptly styles “hieroglyphics,” and which have hitherto -kept this writing a sealed book. The text begins verso of the title, -and ostensibly runs pp. 1-264, but pagination is once skipped and twice -duplicated. The folios may be called of square note-paper size, nearly -that of a small quarto book—8 × 6½ inches for pp. 1-180, but larger, -nearly 9 × 7, for the rest. The ragged edges make exact measurements -impracticable, Father Time’s paper-mill having turned out a deckel-edged -product, so fashionable nowadays. The sheets, of four pages or two folios -each, are gathered in 16-page packets, the outsides of which are now much -soiled—indeed, the rough, unruled surfaces are all darkened with the dust -of three-quarters of a century, and the ink is faded to match the same -subdued monotone, except in places where it recedes to the vanishing -point. The writing is upon both sides of the paper; and the whole effect, -if it could be facsimiled, would be a bibliomaniac’s dream of delight. - -At first sight, this manuscript appears illegible; no one can read it -off-hand. Nevertheless, this writing proves readable upon sufficient -study of the alphabetic characters which Fowler invented to suit himself, -like that classic old Theban Cadmus, or his modern imitator, Cherokee -Sequoiah. I managed to master it under the agreeable circumstances of my -visit to Louisville, to which my host on that occasion has so pleasantly -alluded in the letter printed above; and after that my secretary also -proved herself equal to the task when she took the matter in hand to copy -for the press. There are hardly a dozen words in which doubt attaches to -a single letter, and probably not half as many have proven altogether -illegible. - -Fowler wrote a large sprawling hand, as may be judged by the fact that -only 174 of these small open pages are required to print his 264 folios, -with my 176 notes. He commonly conforms to the requirements of dotted -_i_ and crossed _t_, but otherwise strikes out for himself in the -formation of letters. His most original invention is an _r_ which would -puzzle Œdipus, as it is always a careful _n_; most of his short-stroke -characters look alike in their resemblance to bends of the Arkansaw -river on a map, and his long strokes seem as if they had been struck by -lightning. The incessant capitals are flourished elaborately, and not -confined to initial letters. Fowler is also fond of capping little words, -as if he thought they needed such help to hold up their heads with big -ones, and equally apt to begin proper names, sentences, and paragraphs -with lower-case letters. This style of composition appears on the printed -page, which faithfully imitates every peculiarity of the original which -can be set with an ordinary font of type. The syntax is the sort which -has been happily called “dash dialect”—Fowler has no other punctuation -than the dash, excepting a sporadic period here and there, usually -misplaced, and an occasional stab at the paper which is neither one -thing nor another, and may therefore be overlooked. His spelling speaks -so well for itself in print that little need be said on that score. Its -entire originality, its effusive spontaneity, its infinite variety, will -charm the reader while it puzzles him, and make the modern manufacturer -of Dialect despair of his most ingenious craft. Aside from sheer slips -of the pen, by which Fowler often misses letters, as in writing “campe,” -“caped,” “capped,” or “capted” for _camped_, there is a particular point -to which I may call attention as the most characteristic—in fact, the -diagnostic—feature of his composition. It is that habitual omission of -final _y_ which makes the definite article do duty for the third personal -pronoun nominative; and when this is followed by a misspelled verb -simulating a noun, some curious locutions result. Thus, “the Road” stands -for _they rode_; “the Ware,” for _they were_; “the Cold,” for _they -could_; “the Head,” for _they had_; “the Maid,” for _they made_—and so -on, to the end of the book. - -But it is needless to pursue this alluring theme; the reader may turn -to the text which follows this feeble preface so strenuously, and see -for himself with what a _tour de force_ our ingenious author managed to -evade what we now call good grammar. I have found more than one reason -for transferring this curious copy to type with the utmost verbality, -literality, and punctuality of which the compositor is capable. In the -first place, it tickled my fancy so that I wished others to enjoy the -same sensation—for is it not said that our joys are doubled by sharing -them, as our sorrows are halved by the same process? Again, to prolong -these pleasantries, I may say that I thought this would be a good -way to show that awesome deference which I ought to feel for certain -captious critics of former works with which my name is associated, whose -green-eyed strabismus has seen me in the light of entirely too good an -editor—that is to say, who have complimented me by their censure for -making my authors too intelligible, too attractive, and altogether too -readable, by the way I dressed them for the press. - -So I determined to submit the pure text of Fowler’s Journal to the -discernment of competent critics of literary wares, as well as to the -lack of that quality in fussy fault-finders, and let everybody see how -some manuscript looks when it is printed just as it is written. I do not -vaunt this specimen as unique in any respect except the handwriting, -a sample of which is reproduced. The article is much like others of -Fowler’s times and circumstances; it is only a little off the average -syntax and orthography of that period, with a few more capitals and -dashes than were then usual. I know authors of our own day whose copy -would turn out a good deal like Fowler’s if the printer did not fix it -up for them. They are mostly the ones who damn instead of blessing the -artists of the art preservative of arts. Few women, for example, can -spell quite like the dictionaries; fewer still can punctuate properly; -and fewest of all persons of either sex in the world are those authors, -even among professional literarians, who would like or could afford -to see themselves set up in print exactly as they write themselves -down. There is said to be a day coming when the secrets of all hearts -shall be revealed, the wicked shall tremble, and they shall say to the -mountains, “fall on us”—or words to that effect. I cite the passage from -early memory, not having the author in hand, and have not verified the -quotation; but I will risk anything of that sort, provided the day never -comes when the secrets of the printing office shall be revealed. I am at -peace with my God, my neighbor, and myself; but—I am an author. - -If we turn from the form to the substance of Fowler’s Journal, and ask -to see the bill of lading, curious to know what useful or valuable -information is contained in so singular a vehicle of conveyance, it may -be confidently said that this “prairie schooner” is well freighted for a -“voige” on the highway of Americana; for the cargo is a novel and notable -contribution to our knowledge of early commercial venture and pioneering -adventure in the Great West. It is simply a story of the trader and -trapper, unsupported by the soldier, unimpeded by the priest, and in no -danger from the politician. The scene is set in the wilderness; the time -is when pack-animals are driven across the stage, before the first wheels -rolled over the plains from the States to Santa Fé; and the actors have -very real parts to perform. - -From the respective dates of Pursley, of Lalande, and of Pike, whose -several travels were among the first if not the earliest overland from -the United States to the Spanish settlements, on the part of American -citizens—from the opening years of the century to the 1821-22 of -Fowler—various parties were on the Arkansaw in what are now Kansas and -Colorado. But the records of where they went or what they did? That is -the question. Ezekiel Williams, James Workman, Samuel Spencer, sole and -shadowy survivors of Coyner’s “Lost Trappers,” are only uneasy spirits -flitting from the Missouri to Mexico and California in an apocryphal -book, never materializing out of fable-land into historical environment. -Wherever other American trappers or traders may have gone on the Arkansaw -or even the Rio Grande in those days, and whatever they may have done, -Fowler was first to forge another sound link in the chain which already -reached from Pike to Long. The latter’s justly celebrated expedition -came down the Arkansaw and the Canadian in 1820. Pike ascended the -main river from its great bend to its sources in 1806, the same year -that his lieutenant, Wilkinson, descended this stream from the point -where he parted from his captain. For the lower reaches of the river we -have Thomas Nuttall’s Journal of Travels into the Arkansa Territory, -during the year 1819, and various other accounts. But I know of no -record, earlier in date than Fowler’s, of continuous ascent of the -river from Fort Smith to the present position of Pueblo in Colorado. He -meandered the whole course of the Arkansaw between the points named, -except his cut-off of a small portion by the Verdigris trail. One of -his men, Lewis Dawson, who was killed by a grizzly bear at the mouth -of the Purgatory—and who, let us hope, left that place for happier -hunting-grounds—may not have been the first white American buried in -Colorado soil; but the record of a prior funeral would be far to seek. -Whose was the first habitable and inhabited house on the spot where -Pueblo now stands? Fowler’s, probably; for Pike’s stockade was hardly a -house, and Jim Beckwourth came twenty years after Fowler. The Taos Trail -from Santa Fé through the Sangre de Cristo Pass to the Arkansaw at Pueblo -was well known to the Spaniards when Fowler’s party traversed it in the -opposite direction; but we have no American itinerary of that passage -at an earlier date than his. When Fowler ascended the Rio Grande to Hot -Spring creek in the San Juan range, he followed a Spanish road; but never -before had an American expedition been so near the sources of that great -river Del Norte, and not till many years afterward did any such prolong -Fowler’s traces upward. The greater part of Fowler’s homeward journey -from Taos to Fort Osage will doubtless prove as novel to his readers -as it was unexpected by his editor. South of the Arkansaw, his trail -was neither by the way he had gone before, nor by either of those roads -which were soon be established and become well known; for he came neither -by the Cimarron nor the Raton route, but took a straighter course than -either, between the two, over Chico Rico Mesa and thence along Two Butte -creek to the Arkansaw on the Kansan-Coloradan border. Again, when Fowler -left the Arkansaw to strike across Kansas, he did not take up the direct -route which caravans were about to blaze as the Santa Fé Trail from -Missouri through Council Grove to Great Bend; but went a roundabout way, -looping far south to heads of the Whitewater and Verdigris rivers before -he crossed the Neosho to make for the Missouri below the mouth of the -Kansas. - -This bare outline of the way Fowler went in twice crossing the Plains, to -and from the Rocky mountains, suffices to show that, taken as a whole, -it was not only the first but also the last such itinerary of which we -have any knowledge; for if this route has since been retraversed in its -entirety, time has obliterated all sign of such an adventure. - -Another point is to be scored in connection with Fowler’s unique -performance. The date is a critical one in the history of the whole -subject. That elusive “Red river” which Pike sought in vain in 1806 was -only the year before Fowler found by Long to be the Canadian fork of the -Arkansaw, instead of that separate tributary of the Mississippi which -Long imagined he was descending till he reached its confluence with -the same stream which the other detachment of his party followed down. -Just at the time when Long had finished his exploration, and Fowler was -leading his people home from their wide wandering, the Santa Fé trade -was taking definite shape. Like every other such enterprise, this one -went through its tentative stages of hesitancy and disconcert, before -its final organization as a regular industry; and if any year can be -named as that of complete equipment for the business, it is that of 1822. -Fowler was thus a factor in the beginnings of a commerce which grew by -what it fed upon to the immense proportions it had acquired when it was -checked by the troubles of 1846. - -Whatever be deemed the merit or demerit of Fowler’s work as a whole, -viewed in the light of a contribution to the history of Western adventure -in connection with the fur trade, I can attest the coherency and -consequence of the narrative now before us. The author tells a plain, -straightforward story, and never fails to make it intelligible. He never -loses the thread of his discourse, never tangles it into an irrelevant -skein, and holds himself well in hand through all the asperities he -experienced. He is a reasonable sort of a writer, if not a very ready -one. I have had little trouble in trailing him from start to finish, -for all that compass-points uncorrected for magnetic variation, and -distances chained only in the sensations of a tired traveler, are not -among the “constants of nature”—especially in the mountains; and I am -satisfied that his route is laid down correctly in my notes. The sign -is a little dim here and there, in some of the cross-country laps, but -we never lose it. Fowler had the good eye for topography to be expected -of a professional surveyor, and I only wish that some other persons -whose peregrinations I have had occasion to follow had exercised powers -of observation equal to those which Fowler displayed under arduous -exigencies of trade and travel. - -Thus far by way of introducing to the public the hitherto unknown author -of a new contribution to Americana, which I hope may find that favor -which I believe it deserves. - -The task of copying Fowler’s Journal _v. l. p._ was intrusted to an -expert, Mrs. Mary B. Anderson, to whom acknowledgments are due for the -result. The copy was made in my absence from home last summer, during -which the lady was left entirely to her own resources in making out the -manuscript; and subsequent critical comparison of the transcription with -the original served mainly to show its beauty as well as accuracy. The -Index is also her careful handiwork. - - E. C. - -1726 N STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C., _January 1, 1898_. - - - - -MEMORANDOM OF THE VOIGE BY LAND FROM FORT SMITH TO THE ROCKEY MOUNTAINS. - - - thorsday 6th Sept 1821 - -We Set out from fort Smith[1] on the arkensaw and Crossing that River -pased threw a bottom of Rich Land Well timbered and much Kaine[2]—thence -over Low Ridges the land poor and in some places Rockey—at 30 miles -crosed the tallecaw[3] a Crick about 150 feet Wid Large bottoms on bothe -Sides and at ten miles farther Crosed the Illinios[4] River about 80 yds -Wide and about one mile farther Stoped for the night at Beens[5] Salt -Workes—this is the Second night Since We left the fort—the Workes one -Small Well With a few kittles about 55 gallons of Watter make a bushil -of Salt and the Well afords Watter to boil the kittles about three days -in the Weake Been and Sanders Has permission of the govem [government] -to Worke the Salt Spring—the Sell the Salt at one dollar per Bushil—from -Heare We pased over Some High poor Hills Some valleys and Some pirarie -lands about twenty miles to a large bottom Well Covered in parts With -Caine and Well timbered—threw Which We pased about Eight miles to grand -River or Six bull.[6] this is fine bold Streem of Clear Watter about 150 -yd Wide Which We forded but not Without Some doupts—the Watter Runing -With great force—about one mile above the mouth of this River is the -mouth of the virdegree[7] a River of about one Hundred yds Wide deep -and muddy at the mouth and up it to the Rapids about four miles Wheare -there is a trading House. but we Stoped at the trading Hous of Conl Hugh -glann[8] about mile up the VII degree Wheare We Remained till the 25th -Sept makeing a Raingment for our gurney to the mountains—Heare five of -our Hunters Left us and Went Home this Sircumstance much dispereted more -of our men—tho We Still determined to purced—and on the 25th of Sept -1821 We found our Selves 20 men in all[9] and under the Command of Conl -Hugh glann With mager Jacob Fowler Robert Fowler Battis Roy Battis Peno -george Duglas Nat Pryer —— Bono —— Barbo Lewis Dauson —— Taylor Richard -Walters —— Ward Jesey vanbeber —— Slover —— Simpson —— Maxwill —— Findley -Battis moran and Pall a black man the property of mager Fowler we Head -thirty Horses and mules Seventen of Which traps and goods for the Indean -traid—and Each man mounted on Horsback—We Left the traiding House in the -afternoon—North 50 West about five miles to a Small Crick Which Runs West -in to the virdegree—the Bottom between the Six bull and verdegree is High -and Rich Well timbered With Some Caine and is about one and a Half miles -Wide to the Hills—from What We Cold Learn there is no Caine above this -on the arkensaw—We pased to day Some Pirarie Cirted With Wood land Some -timber on the Crick it Rained Hard We Packed up our goods and Covered -them With Skins to keep them dry and Piched our tents for the night—Conl -Hugh glann Haveing Left us and gon by the mishenerys,[10] and to meet us -Some Wheare a Head— - - -26th - -We Set out Early along the Road Leading to the osage vilege[11] threw -fine Pirarie Lands a little Rolling and Scirted With timber the ground is -Black and Rich and the vew the most delightfull We this day maid 20 miles -threw the Rain Which Continued all day at night Camped on a Crick about -50 feet Wid Runs West With an Extensive Beed of Stone Coal in its bottom -there is Some Wood along the Crick but the Cuntry is mostly Pirarie a -little Rolling Scirted With groves of timber Heare the Rain Continued all -night—Heare one of our Hunters—Slover Lay out all night but Came in in -the morning - - -27th - -We Set out Early along the path threw the Pirarie—timber still to be seen -in groves and along the Branches—We maid 20 miles and Camped on a Small -Crick Well timbered—Heare we found Findley He Left us 2 days ago—and was -Heare waiting for us this day was Clear and pleesent Robert Fowler killed -a Large Buck—one Hors gave out was left - - -28th Sept 1821 - -Rained all day we Remained in Camp— - - -29th - -the Weather Clear We Set out Early and was Soon over taken By Conl glann -and soon after in Sight of the osage vilege. Heare We Ware delited With a -vew of a nomber of Hills or mounds[12] nearely of the Same Hight. from -70 to 80 feet but of diferent Shapes Some Round and pointed like a Stack -others squair and flat. and the top of one neare the vilege Contains -about 15 acres of Rich Black land—and great part of the Bluff faced With -a parpendickler Rock—so that with but little labour a few men might keep -off a large armey—Heare is one of the most delight full peace of Cuntry I -Have Ever Seen—of Rich lime stone land mixed With Wood lands the Pirarie -is more Exstensive than Woods— - -Heare We find not one sole in or about the vilege the Indeans are all gon -a buffelow Hunting and are not Exspected to return till in the Winter. -We find our Jurney to this place one Continued Corse North 50 W Heare -we Crosed the virdegree and got on Higher grounds and Nearly Covered -With Rocks in Some places and Steered North 70 West 10 miles to a small -Crick[13] Runing South and Well timbered—Heare We Camped for the night—We -Seen this day Some Wild Horses. game is scars We this day find our -Horses two Heavey loaded and Concluded to leave part [of their loads] - - -30th Sept 1821 - -We this morning Berryed or Cashed [cached] as the french Call it 32 Bever -traps 2 Cases of tobaco and fifty pounds of Brass Wier on the West Bant -of the Creek 200 yds above the large Road and 50 below the small path on -Which is a Connu [canoe] marked on an oack - - -october 1th 1821 - -We Set out Early and Stered North 50 West to the little virdegree[14] -Wheare a large Indean Road Crosse it this River is about 30 yds Wide With -Clear Watter and High Banks—and large inCampment on the East Side. Heare -we Crossed to the West Side and followed the North forke of the Road -about one mile to another Branch of the Same River but Not more than ten -Steps Wide both Streems Running South With Rich timbered bottom be tween -the boath—after pasing this forke We Stered the Same Corse threw Roling -Pirarie ten miles to a mound. to the North and East the Cuntry is a -little Rolling mostly Pirarie With timber along the Branches on our left -the mountains or High Hills appeer at from four to five miles distance -Heare to avoid the Hills Which Continu on our left We Steered N 30 West -six mill [miles] and Camped on the little virdegree—Peno Went off to Hunt -in the fore part of this day and did not Return— - - -2nd october 1821 - -We set out Early and pased over High Leavel Pirarie lands North 45 West -three miles to the High Hills Crossing a small Bransh Runing North at the -futt of them—We after Some time gained the top of the Hills and found the -Cuntry Rolling and partly timbered and partly Pirarie at twelve miles -farthe We Crossed the little virdegree again and Camped on the North Bank -Heare Duglass got lost in the Evenings Hunt and lay out all night - - -3rd october 1821 - -this morning our Horses Ware much Scattered and took us till a late our -to Collect them—Duglass found the Way to Camp—and Peno Came in With Some -veneson Haveing Killed three deer—Heare we found a large Indean Road -going up the Crick and Crossing some of its Branches South 30 West and -the Hills being High We followed the Road. the lands poor With Short oack -and Hickory for about fifteen miles Wheare the Cuntry begins to appear -With fine Rich Piraries Well bordered With Wood lands of a good quality -We this day got one deer and Some turkeys game is getting more plenty—We -maid 20 miles and Camped on a Small Crick Running South—[15] - - -4th october 1821 - -We Set out Early and at three miles Crossed a Crick 50 feet Wide Running -No 45 West—and at about three miles farther in an open Pirarie We found -a large Buffelow Bull lying dead Soposed to be killed by the Indeans -We now begin to Hope Soon to kill Some Buffelow our Selves as we Have -nothing With us but Salt only What We kill our Selves. Heare We find -our Selves in an oppen and Exstensive Pirarie Scarsly a tree to be Seen -but as We prograss We find Sign of Buffelow We See some deed and Some -Caberey[16]—in the Evening on our left We Seen Ward one of our men on -Hors back Running a buffelow Some of [us] put off to asist Him but He -killed the large Buffelow Bull before We over took Him—after takeing What -meet We Wanted—We Went on makeing 23 miles and Camped on a River about -50 yds Wide Running West Soposed to be the Bad Salean[17]—the Watter is -Clear and deep at this place Some Sign of Bever our Corse this day is -North 60 West— - -the Pirarie threw Which We passed this day is nearly leavel With a Rich -Black Sandey Soil there is no other Rock Except that of limestone Which -only appeer in Spott on the Sides of Branches and on the top of Some of -the Highest ground—for there is no Hills Heare there is Some timber -along the branches - - -5th october 1821 - -We Set out Early Crossing the River a little below our Camp Wheare there -is a good ford and at about two miles Crossed a large Crick 100 feet Wide -it Corse South East and about 10 miles Crosed a Crick 50 feet Wide all -So Running South East Heare the Pirarie is a little more Roleing—and at -18 miles Crosed a crick—and 19 miles inCamped[18] on a Crick the West -forke of the Same the meet Below Wheare We Crosed—Heare the Cuntry Still -Continues to be a little Roleing the land Rich the limestone appeers -in some places along the Bluffs Which are not High or Steep Hear We -seen great nombers of Poor Buffelow Bulls and Blame our Hunters for not -killing fat Cowes When there is not one to be seen - - -5th october 1821 [continued] - -for We Cold not tell them apart at So great a distance and it Was in vain -for our Hunters to tell us there Was no Cows among So many Buffelow as -We Cold See at all most any time Corse this No 50 West 19 miles— - - -6th october 1821 - -We set out Early over Butifull High Pirarie leavel and Rich and at Eight -miles West We fell on the arkensaw River[19] Heare there is plenty of -timber all a long the River on both Sides as far as We Cold See We are -now out of meet and Blameing our Hunters for not finding Buffelow Cows -the Have neglected to kill the Bulls When the Cold and the are not so -plenty as the Ware and We beleve Have been latly drove off by the Indeans -as the are now shy. - - -6th octor 1821 [continued] - -We now steered north leaveing the [Arkansaw] River on our lefft Hand -Beleveing the High Hill and Bluffs Near the River Wold be difequal to -pass With loaded pack Horses—at 6 miles over High Rich lime stone Pirarie -We Camped on a Crick[20] 60 feet Wide Wheare We killed Some turkeys in -the Evening—We Ware all So informed by Some of the party that Indeans -Ware Camped at no great distance— - - -7th october 1821 - -We moved West up along neare the [Arkansaw] River over Some High Rockey -Bluffs and threw a large Sandy bottom to the bank of the River makeing -five miles and Camped near the Indeans from them got Some dryed meet -Corn Beens and dryed Pumkins for [which] We paid them In Such artickels -as the wanted—these are the osage Indeans and the first We met With on -our Route the [they are] frendly the Weather is now giting Cold With High -Winds Cloudey and Rained threw the night—the timber in the bottoms and -Hill Sides is a king [kind] of Jack oak and very low Cotten Wood and -Willow groes along the River—we stoped at this place for the purpose of -purchasing Horses Haveing left two be Hind and three more unfitt for -Survice makes us bad of for Horses and the prospect of provetions is not -promesing as We Heare the Indeans are Camped for alonge Way a Head of us -threw Wheare We must pass let [left] one Horse With an Indean— - - -8the october 1821 - -We moved up the River N 45 West two miles and Camped the Rain Still -Continues Heare Conl glann purchased one Poor Hors at a High price and -Highered one Indean to go along With us Some of the Hands killed 10 -turkeys - - -9th octr 1821— - -We Set out Early and Steered north leaveing the River at Right angles -over Riseing butifull Pirarie three miles to White[21] River about 70 yᵈˢ -Wide Running West into the arkensaw this River Has a Continued grove of -timber all alonge its Cores [course] as far as We Cold see and the land -Rich—We Crosed this River leaveing it on our Right and up it at Eight -miles Camped on the South West Side for the purpos of purchasing Horses -Sucseeded in Swoing [swapping] two and purchasing two at a High price—the -Indeans advise us to Cross the arkensaw and Steer West Corse and strike -the arkensaw at the big timber Near the mountains but the Season is late -and Want of Wood and Watter Renders it a Hazous undertakeing—the Indeans -Say it is about two days travel to the little arkensaw—the Hunters -Brought in four deer one very fine Buck the first good meet We Have Head -the land on this Creek is Rich and Well timbered along the bottoms the -Bluffs furnis abundance of lime Stone for all purposes of Building and -fenceing—and is Capeable of makeing one of the finest Settlements in the -united States—there being a nomber of the best of Springs - - -10th octr 1821 - -We purchased yesterday one small Hors and one to day—But when We gethered -up our Horses to move off Robert Fowlers Horse Was mising—all tho He Was -With the Rest in the morning—We Conclude the Indeans Have Hiden Him in -the Woods and leave Peno to Sarch for Him and to fetch up Barbo left Sick -With Him—all so left a Blanket to give the Indean that find or Return the -Horse - - -11th octr 1821 - -We Set out Early leaveing [Walnut Creek] on the Wright and Steering N 25 -West fifteen miles over High Pirarie to a small Crick and Camped[22] Near -its mouth yesterday Peno Returned With the Sick man but With out the lost -Hors the Hors is no doupt Stolen and With the knoledge of the Chiefs. -these last Indeans appeer more unfriendly and talk Sasy and bad to us -but this Is to be Exspected as the Come from the upper vilege and are -Said to be a Collection of the Raskals from the other vileges - - -12th october 1821 - -Cloudey and Rains a little We Set out Early North 60 West fifteen miles -over a Rich low Ridge there is Scarcly a tree or a Stone to be Seen and -Hole land Covered With tall grass there is all along Whight River and on -this Ridge much sign of Buffelow but the Indeans Have drove them off—We -Camped on Small Branch[23] Near the arkensaw River - - -13th octor 1821 - -We Set out Early up the River Leaveing it on our left at a Bout 14 miles -Crossed a Small Crick on which is a large Beed of the Plaster of Paris -at 20 miles We Camped on the Bank of the little arkensaw[24]—one Indean -Cheef and two young me[n] viseted us at Camp and stated the Ware [they -were] glad to see us Whitemen and frends—as they Had Seen or Heared Some -of our men Last Evening and Soposed them be Paneys [Pawnees] and their -Enemies on which acoumpt the Head [they had] all left their Camp and Hid -them Selves in the timberd lands on the River— - - -14th oct 1821 - -We Set out Early Crossing the little arkensaw and steering West at 12 -miles Came to the Banks of the arkensaw thence up the River North 70 -West We Camped on the [left] Bank[25] With out trees—We yester left one -Horse He gave out—and this morning discharged the Hiered Indean—the -Cuntry Continues fine the land leavel and Rich the timber is plenty on -the little arkensaw and Some for a few miles up the main River but Heare -there is no timber or Willowes on the River Buffelow Bulls still appeer -But no Cows and we are now Satisfyed of the Caus of the Hunters not -killing any of that Speces no Sign of deer. tho We seen some turkeys last -Evening - - -15the octobr 1821 - -We set out at our ushal time up the River No 80 West and Stoped at -the mouth of a bold sreem of Watter 70 feet Wide[26]—but We Ware Soon -alarmed by the Hunters Comming and Haveing Some Indeans on Hors Back and -soposed to be in pursute of them—We Emedetly move up the River Crossing -the Crick to some Sand Knobs on the River Bank about 400 yds above the -mouth of the Crick—there being no timber We maid a Brest Worke of our -Bagage and Remained the balence of the [day] Waiting the arivel of the -Indeans—but none appeered—Some Buffelow Bulls Ware killed to day We kept -the Horses tyed up all night—yesterday the Sand Knobs appeer at about ten -miles distance on our Right Hand and run Perellel With the River - -Some Scatering trees appeer on the Knobs— - - -16th october 1821 - -We Set out Early and maid ten miles up the River the Sand Knobs still on -the Right We Sent out Some Hunters to kill a Cow but the Remained out -all night We Ware much alarmed for their safety—no mee meet for Suppe or -Brackfest—our Corse No 70 West and Camped on the River[27] - - -17th octr 1821 - -We Continued up the River North 65 West 15 miles and Camped on the Bank -Scarcly a tree to be Seen—We this day pased the Head Spring[28] of the -Crick at the mouth of Which We Camped on the 15th this [is] a large -butifull Spring about three miles from the River on the north Side and -in a leavel Rich Pirarie the Sand Hills appeer all a long on the South -Side and near the River—the are not more then 60 or 70 feet High and the -Cuntry leavel beyound them to a great distance those on the north about -the Same Hight and Several miles from the River[29]—Which is from two to -400 yds Wide—With large Sand bars and low Islands this is its general -Carecter as fare as We Have seen it - - -18th octr 1821 - -We Set out at our ushal time at ten miles pased a point of Rocks and -a Hoop wood tree on them—to our Right and almost one mile from the -River—and at [illegible] there is Some Cotten Wood trees along the -River—at 18 miles We Camped[30] on the Bank Without trees—Some Islands -in the River the Higher grounds aproch nigher the River but Loos the -appeeren of Sand Hills on the north - - -19th octr 1821 - -We set out at the ushal time and at 8 miles West We pased a point of -Red Rocks about 600 yds from the River and at Eleven miles Crosed the -paney[31] River about one and a Half miles above its mouth this is a -deep bold Streem 50 feet Wide of Running Watter Banks High and about 80 -feet Wide at the top Heare is ash Walnut Elm and Cottenwood over to this -place Was West—this is the Second Streem We Have Crosed Since pasing the -little arkensaw—We found a good ford [across Walnut Creek] and Steered -South 50 West Six miles to the Bank of the River—the land leavel as fare -as the Eye Can see. Some Cottenwood on the Banks and Some Bushis. the -Red Rock is evidently a volcanic production is porous like pomestone but -heavier than common Sand stone—Back from the river 5 miles the Hunters -reports very Large quantities of pomestone on the side of a hill which -appears to them to be half blown off (Hill) by some cause—The sand and -gravel thrown up by the Prarie Squarrels [_Cynomys ludovicianus_] is -precisely the same of that in the river for 5 or 8 miles distance from -the river See great nombers of buffelow and Elks one of the Hunters -killed three Cows but Haveing no Horse With Him the meet Was left out and -lost Except a few pounds He Carryed in on His back— - - -20th octobr 1821 - -We Steered South 40 West and at nine miles Crosed a Crick[32] 40 feet -Wide a bold Running streem about one futt deep and a few trees up it In -sight. at ten miles We Camped on the River Bank in a low Bottom—at about -three miles the ground Rises a little So as to form low Hills large -Hords of Buffelow In Sight the Sand Hills Still appeer on the South Side -of the River and to appeerence distetute of vigetation as the are Bald -While those on the north are a Hard Black Soil With Some progecting -Rocks and Covered With vigetation mostly a Short grass Something like -Blew grass—on the morning of the 18th Findley mounted his [horse] took -With Him His Blankets and Crossed the River to the South Side for the -purpose of killing a Boffelow Cow Since Which time We Have Heard nothing -of Him—yesterday morning Sent Back two men to look for Him—the Have not -Returned—We are afraid Findley is lost by going two fare out in the Sand -Hills We Exspect to Stop in about two days to Rest our Horses and Wait -for Findley to Come up— - - -21st Octr 1821 - -We set out at the ushal Hour and at Seven miles pased a point of Rocks on -Which stands two trees about 600 yds from the River—and seven and a Half -miles Came to a deep and mudey Crick[33] 100 feet Wide Heare Some of our -Horses Run to drink and Ware Swomped With their loads and Ware forsed -to be pulled out—We Went [up] it about Half a mile and Crossed over and -Camped about three miles up it—Findley[’s] mair gave out this day and Was -left We maid We maid ten miles this day South 50 West—this is a butifull -Running Streem With many fine Springs along its Banks—the Hunters killed -two Fatt Cows We Have now plenty of good meet—the two men Returned but -no word of Findley—a point of Hills or Rocks appeers at seven miles -distance near the River Bareing South 35 W—We gave this the name of -Buffelow Crick[34] from one of our Horses Being Swomped With the meet of -a Buffelow on Him and these anemels Being very plenty Heare - - -22nd octr 1821 monday - -We Set out Early and at 7 miles pased the point mentioned yester day a -bout one from the River at fifteen miles Camped on the Bank of the River -about three miles to the left of our line of march about 4 miles Back of -our Camp We Crossed a Branch[35] of Bold Running Watter 30 feet Wide—no -timber Wheare We lay the men Waided over and geathered drift Wood for the -night the Hunters killed one fatt Buffelow Some Cotten Wood on the South -Side of the River above and below the Camp—the Sand Hills Still appeer -on that Side the sand Hills aproch nier the River With Some Cotten Wood -trees on them—Findley Returned - - -23rd octr 1821 tusday - -We Set [out] at the ushal Hour South 10 West up the River maid ten miles -and Camped in a low Bottom the Sand Hills Continue on the South—very -leavel on the north for a great distance Back no timber on the north -Side for the last two days march Emence Hords of Buffelow all traveling -to the north While those we pased a few days ago Ware traveling to the -South—We see maney Wild Horses—we Exspect [Indians are?] near us to the -South Which moves the Buffelow to the north the Islands and sand bars -still Continue But no bever We Head a fine feast last night on four fatt -Buffelow Cowes - - -24th octr 1821 Wensday— - -We Set out Early and at Seven miles the River Was 2½ miles to the left -and at Eleven miles We maid the lower Eand of an Island on Which there -is timber but none on Ither Side—the main Chanel is on the South Side -Hear the High land aproch the River on both Sides—on the north Side there -apperes a Whightis [whitish] Rock of Considerable Exstent the River makes -Hear a Short Bend to the Right—the Cuntry Heare is a little Rolling But -the land Rich and Butifull—no Wheare two steep for the Waggon or the -plow. Heare at the uppe Eand of this Island the Bluff aproches the River -and is the first above the little arkensaw—that that Shews it Rocky—on -this Island there is good food for the Horses—and We Con Cluded to lay By -one day to mend our mogesons and Rest our Horses as many of there Backs -Ware Sore oing to the carelesness of the men the Horses are Poor and We -Exspect that [some] of them Will not be able to Rech the mountains - - -25th octobr 1821 - -We Exspored the Cuntry for a few miles Round and on an Island about three -miles above us found an Indean fort Which might Contain about 60 men this -fort Is maid nearly Round and Built of logs layed on Each other—and is -about two years old and must Have been built By a War party Which did -not occupy it long—tho it Has been Inhabetid not more than two or three -Weaks ago by Some People—the Haveing used fyer and left the Spit on Which -the Head [they had] Roasted meet—above this Island a streem[36] of Bold -Running Watter one Hundred and fity feet Wid puts in on the South Side—no -timber at its mouth but timber appeers about two miles up it—its Cors is -South 25 West—the Sand Hills Conting above this Crick but appers in a -long Continued Ridge - - -26th october 1821 Friday - -We Set out Early and Crossing the River to the South Side Steered our -Corse West and Crossing the [Mulberry] Crick mentioned yesterday at six -miles and Crossing a point of low land leaveing the River a bout 3 miles -to the Right in the Bend and at twenty miles[37] Stoped on an Island Well -Clothed With timber Heare Was all so an old Indean Fort Smaller than the -other and Had been used by the Same pursons that Head lately been at the -other We Heare Con Clude them to be White men there Horses being Shod—We -Have as yet Head but three nights of frost and no Ice—We Have not Seen -one tree on Ither Side of the River the only apper on the Islands and -nothing there but Cotten Wood—at this Island the main Chanel Is on the -north Side - - -Satterday 27th octr 1821 - -We Set out Early Steering West on the South Side of the River—fifteen -miles[38] to an Island the main Channel on the north Side—the River as -ushal is full of Islands With more or Less Cotten[wood] on them but none -on Ither Side of the River—We this day left Findley With two Horses and -one mule With Instruction to Remain on the Island five days and then to -follow us as the Horses Wold be Rested by that time - - -28th octr 1821 - -We Set out at our ushal Hour and keeping up the River West ten miles[39] -to a point of timber on the South Side the Rockey [hills] frequently -appeer on the north Side and the Sand Hills on the South Some Scattering -Cotten Wood trees gro on the Sand Hills one othe Hors gave out this day -and Was left - - -monday 29th octr 1821 - -We Set out at our ushal Hour Steering N 70 West up the River at fifteen -miles Crossed a Spring branch to a few Cotten Wood trees on the River -Bank in low Bottom Where We Camped[40] for the night Heare the Hunters -killed one deer and See Several more—this the first We Have Seen Since We -left the Paney River but the Buffelow and Elk are In great a bondance all -the Way So that the Hunters kill [all] the[y] Wish We all So got two Cows -to day—and See a great many Elk—— - - -30th octobr 1821 - -We set out as ushal and Steered North 75 West ten miles to a low point -of greavel and Sand Washed by the River the land Rises gently to the -left for about one and a Half miles both above and below this point the -Bottoms on the River are low—at fifteen miles We Camped[41] on an Island -Clothed With tall grass and Cotten Wood trees—the main Chanel on the -north Some Small Islands on the South With out trees - - -31st octr 1821 Wensday - -We Continued our Rout on the South Side our Corse South[42] Sixty five -West fifteen miles to a point of Woods on the River Bank Heare is fine -tall grass for our Horses and young Cotten Wood and Willowes are very -plenty—a great many trees appeer to Have [been] Cut down by White men -and a french trading Camp Have been latly burned down Soposed to [be] -Shotoes[43] the Hunters killed this day three of the fatest Buffelows -that Have yet Been Braught to Camp—Buffelow Elk deer Caberey and Wild -Horses are in great nombers—High Wind all day— - - -1st november 1821 - -Lay by to Rest Horses and dress Skins and prepare for Winter—this morning -the first Ice We Seen frose in the Kittle about as thick as the Blaid -of a knife and Ice floted down the River—the Bluffs or Hills on the -north Sid aproch the River and those on the South are at about 3 miles -distance— - - -2nd - -Remained In Camp all day fine Weather—Some frost last night With Ice— - - -3rd November 1821 - -We Steered Sᵒ 65 W five miles to a low point of land With Rocks Washed By -the River on thes Rocks are some Small Hoop Wood trees the first We Have -Seen for a long time and those are the first Rocks We Have pased on the -South Side of the River—Heare the [river] bends a little to the Right[44] -We proceded ten miles further pasing Some fine Springs to the point of -an Island on the South Side of the River Haveing pased over a point [of] -bald Sand Hills Washed by the River about Half a mile below our Camp -for We Camped on the lower Eand of the Island—Which is large and Well -timbered With Cotten Wood—Heare We find the first fresh Sign of bever our -Corse from the Hoop Wood trees to this place is Nᵒ 80 West—two of our -Horses gave out this day and Ware left—on this Island the Hunters killed -Some turkeys and Seen Some more. the first We Have Seen above the little -arkensaw—the Wind Hard all day from the N—W— - - -4th Novr 1821 Sunday— - -We Steered No 75 W four miles to [a point] of Sand Hills Washed by the -River and at Six miles farther to an Island Clothed With Willow and -Cotten Wood—the main Chanel on the North Side of the Island the last 6 -miles our Corse Was West[45]—and pased over one point of Sand Hills and -one of gravle both Washed by the River Buffelow Scarce—two turkeys this -day—our last nights In Campment appers the first Wintering ground We Have -meet With. We pass Some old Camps and Some old tent poles—this day left -the mule the [that] gave out a few days ago and Was braught up— - - -5th novr 1821 Monday - -We set out Early and Steered West five miles to a low point of land -Washed by the River thence South 80 West and at foure miles [further] -pased the beed of a large Crick[46] but no Watter or timber in sight the -great quantitys of drift Wood all along its Banks and the Hunters [tell] -us the See timber a few miles up it—at three miles farther makeing twelve -miles this day We Camped on an Island in the middle of the River—this -Island is better Cloathed With timber Brush green grass for the Horses -and grape vines than any We Have Seen Heare We found plenty of grapes -that are good the first We Have met With in [this] part of the Cuntry the -River Continu full of [islands] the one We are on is long and is a good -Wintering ground Some Small Connues [canoes] may be maid Heare - - -6th novr 1821 - -determined to lay by on act of Wood and the Poor State of our Horses—We -Have all Readey lost 13 Horses and two mules and the Remainder Hardly -fitt for use We are Camped in a pawnee fort Which appeers to Have been -used about two Weakes Since—We Counted 11 tracks of Indians Barfooded in -the Sand and found a Woolf that Head been Shott lying on the Sand Bare— - - -7th Novr 1821 - -We Set out as ushul and Steerd Nᵒ 80 West twelve miles[47] to a Small -Island near the middle of the River We find this day that there is more -gravle and less Sand in the River than below theres much more Watter and -Cleareer than any Wheare below—the River is still full of Islands—vast -Hords of Buffelow In Sight—no bever We See old Sign of Indeans a great -many Buffelow being killed in the Summer—We again See the Sign of White -men a Head of us— - - -8th november 1821 thorsday - -We Set out as ushul our Corse N 85 W Crossing to the north Side of the -River at three miles pased the Beed of a dry Crick[48] 75 yds Wide Corse -[from the] north and only a few Scatering trees In Sight on it—at Six -miles We Crossed the River on act of a Snow Storm to a grove of trees -on an Island in the South Side and Camped for the night—this Island is -formed by a large Crick[49] 80 yds Wide puting In on the South Side and -a Slew of Watter Runing out of the River in to this Crick forming a large -Island—there is timber In Sight up this Crick and large quantitey of -drift Wood alonge it Banks—and from seeing the Same appeerence of drift -Wood on other Cricks below Comeing from the South We Sopose there must -[be] timber up those Streem as there is no drift Wood from the north—the -River Banks are from 6 to 8 fitt High and the Watter much [more] plenty -than below Buffelow Plenty and all traveling fast to the north— - - -9th novr 1821 Friday - -Remained in Camp on acounpt of the Cold the Snow about ankel deep Sent -out the Hunters the killed 2 Buffelow Cows—the River is Heare deeper and -Cruked and Points of [timber] in the bends more plenty— - - -10th Novr 1821 - -We Steered Sᵒ 65 West five miles to a point of timber on the South Side -of the River Which is still narrow deep and Cruked it Bredth is from 150 -to 200 yds Wide and deep a knof for Small Boats to asend— - - -11th novr 1821 Sunday - -our Corse South 65 West at four miles pased a point of High Rocks about -Half a mile South from the River from this Rock the Bluffs or Hills -Continu to our left—and at Eight miles Camped at the mouth of a deep -muddey Crick[50] Heare the Bluffs aproch the River on both Sides and are -much Higher and Steep as Well as more Rockey than below—Heare is much old -Sign of Indeans many Piles of Rock are Raised by them on the bluffs—one -fatt Buck killed this day—there are some Bever Heare— - - -12th Novr 1821 monday - -We set out Early and to Enable us to Cross the [Mud] Crick With the -Horses We maid a Bridge of Brush and flags Which bore them over With -Safty and Steered South 65 West Eight miles to the Point of a Ridge Bound -With Rocks and Washed by the River—there is two mounds Covered With Rocks -about 300 yds to the South of Camp and about Half a mile a part[51] We -this day Crossed a Small [Caddoa] Crick at about four miles back from -Camp—and pased over Several Ridges the points of Which Butted a gainst -the River With progecting Rocks of the Sand Stone kind—the[re] We Seen -Some Peaces of marble—the River Bottoms are about Half a mile Wide and is -offen Crosed from one Side to the other by the River Which is very Cruked -and both Sides of the bottom or valley bound With the Bluffs and Rocks -Buffelow plenty killed 3 Cows and one deer this day— - -We this day Sopose We Seen the mountains for the first time tho We Have -long looked for them the Hills or Bluffs on the North Side are High Being -two bluffs one on the top of the other and about five miles apart[52] - - -13th novr 1821 tusday - -Went to the Highest of the mounds near our Camp and took the bareing of -the Soposed mountain Which Stud at north 80 West all So of the River -Which is West We then proceded on 2½ miles to a Small Crick[53] Crosed it -and asended a gradual Rise for about three miles to the Highest ground -in the nibourhood—Wheare We Head a full vew of the mountains this must -be the place Whare Pike first discovered the mountains Heare I took the -bareing of two that Ware the Highest[54] the longest South 71 W—the -other Which appeered like a point South 75 West—nither of those are the -mountain Seen this morning—on looking forward We Seen a Branch Puting in -from the South Side Which We Sopose to be Pikes first forke[55] and make -for it—Crossed and Camped in a grove of Bushes and timber about two miles -up it from the River We maid Eleven miles West this day—We Stoped Heare -about one oclock and Sent back for one Hors that Was not able to keep -up—We Heare found some grapes among the brush—While Some Ware Hunting and -others Cooking Some Picking grapes a gun Was fyered off and the Cry of a -White Bare[56] Was Raised We Ware all armed in an Instent and Each man -Run His own Cors to look for the desperet anemel—the Brush in Which We -Camped Contained from 10 to 20 acors Into Which the Bare Head [bear had] -Run for Shelter find[ing] Him Self Surrounded on all Sides—threw this -Conl glann With four others atemted to Run But the Bare being In their -Way and lay Close in the brush undiscovered till the Ware With in a few -feet of it—When it Sprung up and Caught Lewis doson and Pulled Him down -In an Instent Conl glanns gun mised fyer or He Wold Have Releved the man -But a large Slut Which belongs to the Party atacted the Bare With such -fury that it left the man and persued Her a few steps in Which time the -man got up and Run a few steps but Was overtaken by the bare When the -Conl maid a second atempt to shoot but His [gun] mised fyer again and the -Slut as before Releved the man Who Run as before—but Was Son again in the -grasp of the Bare Who Semed Intent on His distruction—the Conl again Run -Close up and as before His gun Wold not go off the Slut makeing an other -atack and Releveing the man—the Conl now be Came alarmed lest the Bare -Wold pusue Him and Run up Stooping tree—and after Him the Wounded man and -Was followed by the Bare and thus the Ware all three up one tree—but a -tree standing in Rich [reach] the Conl steped on that and let the man and -Bare pas till the Bare Caught Him [Dawson] by one leg and drew Him back -wards down the tree. While this Was doing the Conl Sharpened His flint -Primed His gun and Shot the Bare down While pulling the man by the leg be -fore any of the party arived to Releve Him—but the Bare Soon Rose again -but Was Shot by several other [men] Wo Head [who had] got up to the place -of action—it Is to be Remarked that the other three men With Him Run -off—and the Brush Was so thick that those on the out Side Ware Som time -geting threw— - -I Was my Self down the Crick below the brush and Heard the dredfull -Screems of man in the Clutches of the Bare—the yelping of the Slut and -the Hollowing of the men to Run in Run in the man Will be killed and -noing the distance So grate that I Cold not get there in time to Save the -man So that it Is much Easeer to Emagen my feellings than discribe them -but before I got to the place of action the Bare Was killed and [I] met -the Wounded man with Robert Fowler and one or two more asisting Him to -Camp Where His Wounds Ware Examined—it appeers His Head Was In the Bares -mouth at least twice—and that When the monster give the Crush that Was -to mash the mans Head it being two large for the Span of His mouth the -Head Sliped out only the teeth Cutting the Skin to the bone Where Ever -the tuched it—so that the Skin of the Head Was Cut from about the Ears to -the top in Several derections—all of Which Wounds Ware Sewed up as Well -as Cold be don by men In our Situation Haveing no Surgen nor Surgical -Instruments—the man Still Retained His under Standing but Said I am -killed that I Heard my Skull Brake—but We Ware Willing to beleve He Was -mistaken—as He Spoke Chearfully on the Subgect till In the after noon of -the second day When He began to be Restless and Some What delereous—and -on examening a Hole in the upper part of His Wright temple Which We -beleved only Skin deep We found the Brains Workeing out—We then Soposed -that He did Heare His Scull Brake He lived till a little before day on -the third day after being Wounded—all Which time We lay at Camp and -Buried Him as Well as our meens Wold admit Emedetely after the fattal -axcident and Haveing done all We Cold for the Wounded man We turned -our atention [to] the Bare and found Him a large fatt anemel We Skined -Him but found the Smell of a polcat so Strong that We Cold not Eat the -meat—on examening His mouth We found that three of His teeth Ware broken -off near the gums Which We Sopose Was the Caus of His not killing the man -at the first Bite—and the one not Broke to be the Caus of the Hole in the -Right [temple] Which killed the man at last—the Hunters killed two deer -Cased the Skins for Baggs We dryed out the Bares oil and Caryed it with -us the Skin Was all so taken Care of— - - -14th novembr 1821 - -We lay in Camp takeing Care of the Wounded man and takeing the Bareing of -the three principle points of the mountains[57] as the appeer— - -the first mountain or grand Peek Bares N 75 W— - -the Second South 75 No W - -South Eand of same Sᵒ 75 W - -3ʳᵈ mountain Sᵒ 70 W— - -South Eand Sᵒ 69 W— - -there is on this forke a Continuation of timber and Brush the princeple -trees are Cotten Wood With Some Boxelder and Some Small Black locust - - -15th - -all posible Care Was taken of the Wounded man for Which purpose We lay -in Camp - - -16th - -the unfortnet man died at day Brake—and Was Berred near the Bank With a -Strong Pen of logs over Him to prevent the Bares or Wolves from Scraching -Him up—this Is the [first] anemel of the kind We Have met With— - -Heare Conl glann Haveing the Command of the party acted as the -adminestrater and ordered the dead mans property Sold to the Highest -bidder—and Was Sold as followes - - one Short Riffel and papetis [?] to george Duglass $15.00 - one muskets Barrl to Jacob Fowler 5.00 - one Blanket to Eli Ward 10.00 - 2 vest to pall a Blackman 2.00 - Sundry small artickels to dudley Maxwell 1.75 - ------ - $33.75 - -the Hole amting thirty three dollrs Which Each man Has to act [account] -With Conl glann for What He purchased— - -the timber on this fork is mostly Cotten Wood Some Boxelder and Some -Small Black locust—the Bottoms are fine and large—With great droves of -Elk and Buffelow and Sign of more of the White Bare—there are all So -Wild Horses deer and Caberey the trees on the main River are Small but -Some of those on the fork are large Enof to mak a Connue—the Watter -In the fork is Sofecient to turn a large Sett [of] mills at this dry -Season and Heare is timber for a Small Settlement—Stone In the Bluffs -are In abondance for Building and fenceing—after Settleing all things We -moved up the River South 73 West 12 miles[58] to a Small Bottom Covered -With trees—on the South Side of the River—Haveing pased one Branch[59] -at Six miles and one[59] at nine miles boath on the north Side of the -River—and opeset the first the River bore about Six miles to our -Right—from our Camp Heare We took the bareing of the mountains—1st Nᵒ 72 -W—2nd S 76 W 3rd Sᵒ 70 W—at this Camp on the Bluffs Was the appeerance of -lead But We Head no time to Examen - - -17th novr 1821 Satterday - -I Went on South 5 miles to a High mound and took the Bareing of the -mountains as followes 1st the grand Peek north 70 W—2nd not to be Seen -3rd Sᵒ 71 W 4th Sᵒ 49 W—our Corse from Camp up the River Was South 50 -West twelve miles[60] to Whare the River Bends more to the West and Some -deep gutters Washed down the Bank and the Hills aproch the River—thence -Sᵒ 72 W. three miles to Wheare the River aproch the Hills again We pased -one Small Crick at about 2 miles be low Camp and the other about Half -mile the last about 30 yds Wide but no Watter Running and no timber -In Sight—the River Bottoms are more narrow than for two days past—no -Buffelow or turkeys there is Some deer and Sign of the White Bare one -Hors gave out this day and Was left—the timber is more plenty in the -Bottoms. - - -Sunday 18th Novr 1821 - -Continued up on the South Side of the River and at about two miles -Crossed a dry Branch[61] and at foure miles a deep Branch[62] with -Running Watter on Which there Ware several Bever dams With fresh sign of -Bever the Branch about Eight Steps Wide at ten miles pased Close to a -bend of the River and at Eighteen miles Camped[63] in a low Bottom and -drove the Horses aCross the River for grass there being none on Wheare We -Camped We find the Bottoms Widen from 4 to 8 miles the Hills much lower -and the [ground] more leavle than for Several days past the Buffelow -appers to Have left this section of the Cuntry as We Seen but one this -day an old Bull With one leg Broken We Soposed by the Indeans—and that -the Have drove the Buffelow all off—as their Sign is going to the South - - -19th nov 1821 monday - -took the Bareing of the mountains from Camp this morning 1st north 67 -W 2nd north Eand S 88 W South Eand Sᵒ 72 W 3rd Sᵒ 60 W—4th Sᵒ 39 W to -the Highest Peek ther appeers a longe Ridge to Contnue from the South -and a Ridge Runs north from the High Peeke—We Steered West up the River -and at 10 miles Crosed a dry forke[64] of the River 80 yds Wide but dry -at present at fifteen miles Camped in lott of woods on the River Bank -Haveing at about 11 oclock Seen a large Smoke ahead and believing it -proceded from the Indeans fyer We Halted to look out for them—and in a -few minets two of our men Came in Company With one Indean—and in about -Half an Hour there Was between 30 and 50 Came Rideing at full Speed With -all their Weapens of [up] in a florish as tho the Ware Chargeing uppon -an Enemey but on their near aproch the most frendly disposition appereed -in all their actions as Well [as] gusters—by this time We Hed Some meat -Cooked of Which the Willingly purtuck but Spareingly—as it after Wards -appeered the Head plenty at their Camp and Eat With [us] out of pure -frendship—amongst party Was the princeple Cheef of the Kiaways for these -Ware of that nation—the Cheef With three others Stayed With us all night -the others Returned to their Camp about Sundown - - -20th novmbr 1821 tusday - -Collected our Horses Early—by Which time a great nomber of the Indeans -arived from Camp and moved up with [us] and crossed over the River Which -Was fordable but the Watter Cold and the Ice Runing a little—our Horses -Ware so loded that our men Ware all on futt but the Indeans took them -behind them on their Horses and Carryed them over the River—from our Camp -to the Indeans was about three miles West—[65] - -Heare the Cheef gave up one of His lodges for the purpose of Store[ing] -the goods—and took posesion and Charge of all our Horses threw the Hole -of this day the Indeans Continu to arive and Set up their lodges—So that -by night We Ware a large town Containing up Wards two Honderd Houses Well -filled With men Wemon and Children—With a great nombr of dogs and Horses -So that the Hole Cuntry to a great distance Was Coverd—this Scenes Was -new to us and the more So after our long Jurney Seeing no persons but our -Selves—the Indeans Ware frendly takeing us to the lodges of their great -men and all Ways Seting Some meat for us to Eat. tho Some times Boiled -Corn Beens or mush Which arteckels the precured from the Spanyards - - -Wensday 21st nov 1821 - -lay in Camp all day Eating and Smokeing With the Indeans—and took -the Bareing of the mountains from a point one Half mile north of our -Camp—High Peak N 61 W South Eand of Same mountain N 82 W Heare a new -mountain appeers or is a Ridge in the forkes of the River North Eand Nᵒ -84 W South Eand N 87 W—Nᵒ 2 of the first mountains North Eand Sᵒ 87 W -Highest Point Sᵒ 45 W—Heare the mountain takes a more Westwardly Corse -and Continues a broken Ridge to a High point or Ridge and Stands Sᵒ 42 -W—and falling a little lower and Continues to the forth mountains or -double Peekes—Which Stands thus 4th Sᵒ 27 W 5th Sᵒ 25 West from this -point We See no more of the mountains to the South We See large parteys -of Indeans Comeing in threw the day and Seting up their Houses or lodges— - - -22nd nov 1821— - -Remained in Camp all day Holding Counsels Eating and Smokeing and -traiding a little With Indans— - -the snow Has now Increeced to about 10 Inches deep and the Wind Extreemly -Cold the River frosen up Close the Ice to a great thickness—and Heare in -the Coldest mornings you might see Several Hundred Children Naked—Running -and playin on the Ice—Without the least appeerence of Suffering from the -Cold—the Highatans[66] amounting to about 350 lodges arived this day and -Camped With the others We are now Incresed to a cettey— - - -friday 23rd nov 1821— - -this morning a Councel Was hild amongst the Cheefs of both the nations -and Conl glann With his Interpreter Was Sent for—and Was told by the -Ietan Cheef that the Ware Readey to Receve the goods in His Posesion -that His father the Presedent Had Sent them—But When He Was told that -there Was no Such goods He Became in a great Pashion and told the Conl -that He Was a lyer and a theef and that He Head Stolen the goods from -His farther[67] and that He the Cheef—Wold take the goods and Segnefyed -that He Wold kill the Conl and His men too upon Which the Conl and His -Inturpreter With drew—the Cheefs of both nations Remaned in Counsel all -day—and our Setuation Was not of the most plesent nature. the Kiaways -Ware our frends But the others Ware the most numerous—the former Clames -us their property and frens But the later We aprehend intend to use -force and in this Setuation We Remained all day—the young Warriors -Crouded Round us so that We Cold Scarcly Stir—about Sun down a tall -Indean Came Runing threw the Camp Calling out—me arapaho Cheef White -mans mine and Shakeing Hands With us as fast as poseble asked for the -White man Captain and on being Shoon In a lodge Wheare Conl glann With -the Inturpreter Was—He Rushed in—but Was out In an Instant thumping His -brest With His fist saying White man mine arapoho Plenty Pointing the -Way He Came—from [which] We soon understood that the Hole nation Ware at -Hand and that We Head nothing to dred from the Highatans—Who began to -disappeer from about us—and from that time We felt In Purfect Securety -Haveing two out of three of the nation In our favour and part of the 3rd -our frends—but the are all Sobordenet to their Cheefs— - - -Satterday 24th november 1821 - -a nomber of Cheefs of other nations arive In Camp—thing Ware [things -wore] a better appeerence—We Sopose there Is now about 350 lodges—Some -little traid for Buffelow Roabs for the benefit of the Hands on our -arivel at this Camp there Was about forty lodges of Indeans—Kiawas and -Padducas the Continu to Increes and last night on Counting them over -find now four Hunderd of the following nations—Ietans—Arrapohoes—Kiawa -Padduce—Cheans—Snakes—the Ietan the most numerous and the most Disperete -the Arrapohoes the Best and most Sivvel to the White men Habits—but Heare -We find some diffeculty in Councl With So many Indeans—and no Inturpreter -But Mr Roy—He Spoke Some Pane and [in] that language our Councils Ware -Held—the Indeans are Sartainly Ignorent of the Ways or Customs of the -White man and Have less Capasety to larn then any Indeans I Have yet -Seen—the Have many Wants but no meens of Supplying them—Haveing nothing -to traid but Horses and them We do not Want—We have found amongest them -about 20 Bever only the Early Habits of those Indeans Precludes them -from makeing Bever Hunters as the Cuntry Which the In Habet Contains but -few—and the Indeans Hunt the Buffelow - - -Sunday 25th novem 1821 - -We found Withe the Ietans a Spanish Prisnor Whome With great difeculty -We purchased yesterday With $150 in goods and He In Joyed one night -of liberty a Hapey Chaing from that of a Slave to an Indean—but -unfortnetly—at day light this morning the goods Ware Returned and the -Prisnor taken back to His formor master again—but We Will Spair no -means in our power [to] Releve Him again and Send Him out of their Reech -this man is from the Southern Provence near St Antoni[68] With Which -the Indeans are at War—tho at Peece With new maxeco and the Spanish in -Habetance there—We Have been viseted by Some of the Spanish Indeans from -maxeco the live in the vilege of Tows[69]—its Six days Easey travel from -Heare—the are all Catholicks the Indeans Inform us that there are White -men near the great [Pike’s] Peak of the mountain on the River Platt—and -three days Hard travel from this place— - -on the night of the 23rd a Snow fell about one foot deep and the Weather -is now Cold the River frosen up the Ice a great thickness and the Indean -Children that is able to walk and up to tall boys are out on the Ice -by day light and all as naked as the Came to the World Heare the are -at all kinds of Sport Which their Setuation Will admit and all tho the -frost is very seveer the apper quite Warm and a lively as I Heave Ever -Seen Children In mid Summer I am shure that We Have Seen more than one -thousand of these Children on the Ice at one time and Some that Ware too -young to Walk Ware taken by the larger ones and Soot on a pece of skin on -the Ice and In this Setuation kick its [legs] Round and Hollow and laff -at those Round it at play—I have no doupt but that to take one of our -White Children and Put it In Such Cold Weather in that Setuation it Cold -not live Half an Hour on the 23rd four Ietan Indeans arrive With the news -of Peace being maid With the osages by the Big Cheefs below— - -five days before our arival at this place a battle Was faught Near -the mountains betwen those Indeans and the Crows in which the formor -lost nine men and the latter fifteen—amongest the arrapohoes In this -Ingagement there Was one young Warear that about two years ago Was -Shot threw the boddey and all the Skin taken off His Head down to His -Ears for a scelp—and in the last battle Was Shot threw one of His feet -Which Is now getting Well—and on this [occasion] an alarm Was Raised -of a War party apoching Camp When this man With His father Was amongst -the foremost on Hors back to meet danger—but the alarm Was With[out] -foundation and all Returned to Camp With[out] a fight - -the Kiawa Cheef Reported to us that He Head ben In Council all day on the -23rd With the Ietan Who proposed to Him to Join In a War against osages -and the White men—to Which He disagread—dureing the Hole of that day -the Ietan manefested a very unfriendly dispsetion to Wards us—and the -Princeple Cheefs Informed us that When mager longe[70] Was there He told -them that the Predesent Wold Send them plenty of goods and that the goods -We Head Ware Sent to Him and that We Head no Wright to traid them but -When He discovered that His demands Wold not be Complyed With Chainged -His disposetion and Seems very frendly and this night offered Conl glann -and Mr Roy Each one of His Wifes—the greates token of frendship those -Indeans Can offer—but the offer Was de Clined telling Him that it Was not -the White mans Habits - - -26th nov 1821 - -We moved one mile down the River to take a better Camp and Build a house -and git of of being so Crouded—the Ietan and Some of the Kiawa threatned -to stop us but maid no atempt When We Started. We maid our Camp With the -old Kiawa Cheef Who moved along With us Heare We Have plenty of young -Cotten Wood trees to Cut for the Horses—With good Setuation for our Camp— - - -27th nov 1821 - -Early this morning Was advised of thretned atack from the Ietan and the -Kiawa and Padduce Indeans in Consequnce of our moveing from their nibor -Hood Set the hands at Work Cutting logs to build a House—a Report Came -that the Ietans Had mounted Horses to atack us—We Continued at Work on -a House—and Was Informed that a party to Protect us Head met the others -and turned them back—the Arrapohos about day light this morning Commenced -moveing to us and by night from two to three Hunderd lodges Ware Round -us as Close as the Cold Set up their lodges Which Seemed to afford ample -protection from the others - -between 12 & 1 oclock We Received a veset from the Ietan Cheef the first -time He Came near us Since We moved He Was very frendly and Efected -to know nothing of the difecuealty that had Existed—We Have Heare now -about seven Hunderd lodges of the nations mentioned on the 25th With the -addicion of the Cheans—about two Hunderd lodges—We Sopose those Lodges to -Contain from twelve to twenty pursons of all Sises—Some Horses Have been -Stollen Every night Since We arived amongst them Seven of our own are -amongst the mising a party of one Hunderd and fifty men Went In pursute -of the theefs but Returned Without overtakeing them—We Ware this day much -afected by the arivel of Findley Who Head been absent from us 30 days -alone and on foot He informed us that Ware parteys of Pannees Ware both -behind and before Him tho He seen none— - - -28th nov 1821 - -about 10 oClock a party of 200 men Started the diferent nations to -Reinforce a party gon before them In pursute of Stolen Horses With -orders to Pursu till the Caught them—the Indeans manefest a more frendly -disposion and Intimate an Intention of moveing down the River In -Consequance of the many Horses Stolen from them Heare—betwen 4 and 500 -Horses Have [been] Stolen from them Since We arived and mostly from the -Pens in the Center of the vilege surrounded by upwards of seven Hunderd -lodges of Wachfull Indeans—the Ware Parties Returned Without Efecting any -thing Except those on foot Wore the Soles off their mockesons— - - -29th nov 1821 - -the Snow Has Intirely disappeered and the ground dry as dust— - -the Remainder of the War partey Have all Returned - -on our Way up the River before our arivel at the Indeans Camp I broke -one of the glasses out of my Specks—and on puting them on one day I soon -felt the Hand of an Indean grasp them from my face He maid off as fast -as poseble I gave up the Specks for lost but Head no moad of Replaceing -them—In a Short time I Heard great Shouting and laffing and looking to -See What Was the Caus I discovered the Indean that Head taken my Specks -Leading an other With the Specks on His face the felow Was Led up to me -and I was shoon that He Head but on Eye—and that the Specks Wold Sute Him -better [than] me as the Head but one glass Heare Eanded the Joack the -Returned the Specks in much good Humor amongst all the Ware present - - -30th november 1821 - -Pased this day With out any diffigualty Prepareing Some Hunters to trap -in the mountains. - - -1st Decembr 1821 - -fine Weather nothing new— - - -2nd norr [Dec.] 1821 - -an alarm of the Enemy found two of the Horses Soposed to be stolen—the -Ietan braught them In—the Hunters detained on act of an alarm— - - -3rd Decmbr 1821 - -Started the trappers under the Command of Slover—and With Him -Simpson—maxwell—Pryer Findley and Taylor - - -4th Decmbr 1821 - -Fine Weather for the Season this day termenated Without any -difegualty—the Ietan Cheef Sick Sent for Conl glann to give Some medeson -but declined In consequance of His former bad Conduct - - -6th Decm 1821 - -Fine Weather the Indeans talk of moveing the Buffelow are now drove to -Some distance and this I [is] not to [be] thought Straing as about one -Hunderd of them are Eaten In Camp Each day Sinc our aRivel - - -7th Decm 1821 - -Fine Weather—nothing new to day - - -8th Decm 1821 - -the morning fine Weather the Indeans Still talk of moving but as yet -Remain Heare—the furnish [us] With Plenty of the best of buffelow meet at -a low Rate bu do not Wish us to Hunt them our Selves—aledgeing We Wold -drive the Buffelow all off the Ietan Cheef Calling fore Some medecon a -day or two back and find[ing] His Complaint Was not dangerous Conl glann -gave Him Some Rice and Black Pepper With derections to boil and make soop -of it—to day He paid us a viset Pufed up and Well as Ever the Arrapoho -Cheef Says He Was Restored to Health by the Same medeson— - - -9th Decmbr 1821 - -Fine Weather Continues—yesterday gave notice that Some Horses Wold be -purchased but none Has maid their appeerence— - - -10th Decm 1821 - -yesterday purchased one very fine Hors from an Ietan at a High Price—the -Weather fine this morning but the Wind from N W no more Horses offered -this day— - - -11th - -last night Was Clouday the River is now oppen Haveing thad [thawed] in -the those last Warm days—the Weather is now Colder - - -12th Decm 1821 - -the Cold Weather Still Continues but the River is not frosen up yesterday -a War partey Returned the Ware of the Ietans—With 28 Horses taken from -the Crows on the River Platt below the mountains—the Ware five nights -Returning the Ietans this day moved up the River We Ware unable to by any -more Horses tho We offered High Prices - - -13th Decm 1821 - -last night the River frose up the Weather is very Cold the Indeans -determen to move up the River for Wood and meet We offerd to go With them -on the 15th Which Satisfyed them very much and they offered us Horses to -Carry our goods but unable to make any more purchases for feer We leave -them a the [as they] appeer much atached to us - - -14th Decmbr 1821 - -the Indeans Exspect to meet the Spanyerds on the River above this place -to traid With them this morning We Commenced packing up to move— - - -15th Decm 1821 - -the Indeans furnished us With Some Horses Which Inabled us to move With -them up the River about five miles[71] West from our Camp and Heare -Camped on the South Side of the River—but about one mile below Wheare We -Camped the Kiawa Cheef With His nation Had Stoped and Intended We Shold -Stop With them but the Arropoho Cheef told us We Shold go to His Camp -Which We Intend to do but Heare a new diffqualty arises as the Clame us -as their frends—Which may lead to a Ware With them and destruction to our -Selves but this Was Soon got over as two of our men Stoped with the Kiawa -Cheef till He got in a good Hummor and telling Him that He aught to go -With us—that it Was Him that left us and not We that left Him—With this -He Was Satisfyed and one of the [men] Remained With Him all night and -frend Ship Was Restored the Kiawas Came to our Camp as ushal— - - -16th Decm 1821 - -the man and load left With the Kiawas Was braught up and no difequality -than the Refuse to Sell us Horses Still feering We Will leave them—but to -day purchased 2 mules and three Horses from the Arrapohos - - -17th Decm 1821 - -the Weather verry much moderated Haveing much the appeerence of the -Indean Sommer - -more Sevelity Exsists amongst those Indeans than anny I have Ever knone -it is de[si]rable on that accoumpt not to Camp Seperate from any of the -Bands—but on the other Hand you are Continuly Crouded With young men and -old begers—We yet Want about ten Horses—and all tho there is about 20,000 -in our inCampment and the [Indians are] distetute of Every thing—We are -afraid We Will not be able to obtain them the Arrapohoes Have but few in -Compareson With the others owing to their Haveing last Sommer traided -With Chians of the mesurey [Missouri]—the Ietan and Kiawa Have great -nombers of very fine Horses—and Equal to any I have Ever knone— - - -18th Decm 1821 - -about ten oclock last night the Wind Chainged to the West and the Weather -Exstreemly Cold So that We Cold not do any thing—We yesterday traided for -two Horses and one mule—the Kiawas paid us a viset and Invited us to a -feest So We are frends again— - - -19th Decm 1821 - -the Cold In Creces So that it Is Imposeble to travel on the Pirarie—the -Children Have now fine Sport on the Ice - - -20 Decm 1821 - -at day light We Ware alarmed by the Sound of Heavey bloes Struck by one -Indean uppon an other Who Run towards our lodge and Was persued with the -tamehak at about one Rod distance a blo Was Struck but the Indean Run -Round our lodge—but Was overtaken and Receved a Heavey blow on the Back -of the neck Which felled Him to the ground apperently dead—but a nomber -of Squas Interfeered and Carryed off the Soposed dead Indean and Saved -His life—We find Him to be the Son of the Kiawa Cheef and first frend -amongst the Indeans His murdorer Was the brother of the great Arrapoho -Cheef and our frend and protecter We are now feerful of the most Seerous -Consequences as We are not able to Say What may Happen betwen the two -nations—as War betwen them Wold be fatel for us - - -21st Decm 1821 - -the man Wounded yesterday is not dead and is likely to recover—the Case -of the atack on His Was the Steeling the medecen bagg of the other Who -Was a Cheef no other difequelty is apprehended as the bagg is Returned -and axepted—We have Sucseeded in purchasing as many Horses as Will answer -our Purposese of moveing—at night the Snow began to fall— - - -22nd Decm 1821 - -the Ietan Cheef Has not viseted us Since He moved up the River in -Consequence of not Receveing Some presents He demanded on the day He -moved but the Braves appeer friendly this four days We Calcolate on -moveing on Crismus day to the mountains no Inter Corse betwen the -arrapoho and the Kiawa for two days - - -23rd Decm 1821 - -We Informed the Indeans that on the 25th We Wold move to the mountains—at -night Indeans Inform us of their detirmenation to move With us— - - -24th Decm 1821 - -promising to move the arrapoho determened to acCompany us to night Conl -glann Sent for the Kiawa Cheef and paid for the use of His lodge allso -gave a meddle the likeness of genl Jacson Informed Him it Was not the -medle of His great father but it Was given Him as a token of a great man -and as the frend of the White men and Charged Him at the Same time that -When Ever He meet the White man to treat Him frendly to Which He agread -With great Satisfaction - - -25th Decm 1821 - -this morning the Conl gave the Ietan Cheef a shirt medle and Small -presents With the Same Cerymones and promeses as the Kiawa yesterday last -Evening We Sent for Him but being un Well and unable to Come He Sent His -brother by Home [whom] We Sent [word] We Wold viset Him in the morning We -found Him very un Well and discovered the Indisposion Was the Caus of His -not viseting us Since He moved up the River He Exspresed much frendship -and Satisfaction— - -the arrapoho move with us this morning. - -It is but Justice to Say We find the Kiawa the best Indeans possing more -firmness and manly deportment than the arrapoho and less arogance and -Hatey Pride than the Ietan—we Ware In vited this day to Eat With one of -the arrapoho Cheefs He Seet before us a dish of fat meat of Which We Eat -plentyfully We Ware then asked if We new what kind of meat We Ware Eating -We told We did not He then Said it Wa[s] a dog telling us it [was] a -great feest With the Indeans—and that He Invited us for that purpose— - -We move up the River West Eight miles and Camped on the South Side -Crossing a fork[72] of the River at five miles this forke is Small and -Heads to the South there is Some Cotten Wood a long its bottoms Which -appeer to be very Rich and Wide Eknof for farms—the Arrapohos acompany -us We Ware fortunate In parting With the Rest of our nibours With out -any difequalty—We Have now in all thirty three Horses In Cludeing two -belongeing to Peno one to Vanbeber two [to] J and R Fowler and two to -Duglass one to Bono all in bad ordor— - - -26th Decm 1821 - -moved late In Consequence of lose[ing] Some of our Horses Which Ware not -found till late In the day—our Corse South 70 West five miles[73]—We -Camped on the South Side of the River to morrow the Indeans make a Hunt - - -27th Decm 1821 - -We lay With the Indeans to let our Horses Eat Haveing kept them tyed up -Sinc We Started yesterday Pased a [Chico] Crick on the north Side of the -River its Corse is [from the] north— - - -28th Decembr 1821 - -We moved about 12 oclock and Went five miles up the River and Camped on -the South Side Heare is the Statement of Conl glann on parting With the -Arrapoho Cheef[74] - -I never parted with a man who showed as much sorrow as the chief of -the arrapoho He persuaded us very much to stay with him one moon -longer—stating to us the danger of having our horses stolen &c &c but -finding in the morning we determined to start he made no objection, after -giving him a medal &c as I did to the other Chiefs—and making a small -present with all of which he was much satisfied when I shook hands with -him to start he threw himself on his bed in tears—after traveling about -one mile we was overtaken by one of his brothers, a young chief with a -request to incamp on this side as his brother was starting to follow so -as to sleep one more night with us we are truly fortunate in having those -3 nations with us— - - -29th Decr - -The chief did not arrive last night as he sent us word—but early next -morning an express arrived to inform us that instant as he was starting -Two spaniards arrived and that a party of 60 were expected to-day with -a request for us to return and see them—Mr Roy & myself immediatly -returned, and recᵈ with as much Joy and satisfaction by the village as if -though we had been absent for one year the friendship which they shew us -before the spaniards will convince them that shoᵈ the party expected be -hostile we will have the friendship of the Indians and although my party -is now only 13 men in all I fele no fear in meeting 60 Spaniards, with -the multitude of the Indians. - - -30th Decr - -Yesterday at about 3 Oclock we went out to the Prarie to see if we -could discover the spanish party—we discovered them about 5 miles -distance, we advanced to meet them—when they discovered us they halted -and formed to receive us in “military style”—we were requested by our -Companion to Halt, when we were received on a full charge—To within -ten paces of us when the men all dismounted and embraced us with -affection and friendship—they are all creoles of that country—seem well -disposed—possess far less sence than the Indeans we are with, seem -happy and possess a greater degree of Joy at seeing us than could be -Immagined—It is a matter of astonishment the difference of treatment of -the Indians to them and our party—the Indians Commanded them as much as -we command our negroes—At night the Indians asked us if we were willing -to let the Capt. and his principle man sleep [in] the lodge with us, -which we agreed to—the Indeans derected them to pray so that we may see -their fashion which they readily agreed to and went through with the -Catholic prayers, and afterwards prayed fervently for us—their whole -trading equipment in the U. S. would not sell for fifty dollars—In short -to describe them would require the pen of a Butler and the pencil of a -Hogarth—They leave here to morrow for home and I intend to accompany them— - - -31st Decr. - -It is only necessary to Judge of them to say the Capt. and all his party -were painted like the Indians the day they traded—and during the prayer -the Capt. Caught a louse on his shirt and eat it—[75] - -the Spaniards moved up to our Camp from the Indeans for the purpose -of [selling] us Some Corn the no [they know] nothing about our moad -of measurement but ask at the Rate of ten dollers pr Bushil the ask -thirty dollers for a mule and one Hunderd dollers for ther best Running -Horses—We Intend leaveing this With the Spanierds in the morning— - - -January 1st 1822 - -this being a holaday With our nibours We lay by all day—Haveing about two -pounds of bacon Which I Head kept as a Reserve I Heare Shewd it to the -Indeans—the Cheef asked What kind of anemel maid that meat When He Was -told a Hog He Requested the Shape of it to be maid on the Sand When that -Was [done] all the Indeans said the Head never Seen Such an animal and -appeered to Wonder and think it Strange that the Head never Seen the like -Soposing them Selves to Have Seen all kind of anemels— - -I Heare left mager Fowler in Charge of the Camp With Instructions to -fortify His Camp and Hors Peen to treat all Indeans frendly but traid -With none—and shold War party Call to let them Have Some Powder ball and -Paint With Some tobaco - -on the 30th ultimo three of our [men] Ware Sent out to the mountains to -Hunt for Buffelow and Ware meet by a party of thirteen Indeans of the -Crowes Haveing With them about two Hunderd Horses Which the Had Stolen -from Some other nation and Ware on theer Way Home—the took our men -Prisnors as fare as the River Wheare the took from them their Powder -ball and Blankets giveing them nine fine Horses in payment for What the -Head taken While this traid Was progresing the Horses Ware Crossing -on the Ice—a Ware Party of arrapohoes over took them a battle Was the -Consequence and Each party took off part of the Horses and our men maid -their Escape In the Battle leaveing all the Horses the Head obtained of -the Indeans—the Ware treated frendly by the Crowes and tolled the Ware -taken only to prevent them from giveing Information to the arrapohoes—the -Crowes Say the left the White People on the Platt about 10 nights ago and -that it Will take them three nights to go there With their Horses Wheare -the left the Rest of their nation—the speeke on the most frendly terms -of the White men and Say the are about 35 in nomber—all the nesecery -araingements are maid for my Self and four men to Set out in the morning -to Cross the mountains to Santafee—[76] - - -Jany 2nd 1822 - -this morning the Spanierds Began to Collect their Horses and load for -their departure—Conl glann and four men Set out With them—leaveing me -With Eight men in an oppen Camp With the ballence of the goods after -takeing Some things With Him to Sell So as to pay their Exspences. We -are now In the Hart of the Inden Cuntry and Emedetly on the great Ware -Road—not only of one nation against the others—in the Road to all the -Spanish Settlements With Which the Indeans on this Side of the mountains -are at War—So that our Setuation is not of the most Plesent kind—We Have -no meet In Camp—and Con Clude to Send two Hunters out With Horses in the -morning to kill Some meat Intending to Set the ballence of the Hands at -Work to build a Hous and a Strong Peen for the Horses at night - - -Jany the 3rd 1822 - -Roas Early to Start the Hunters ordered two of the men to Prepare the -Horses While the Hunters got Readey—but the men lay Still I maid the -Second Call but With no better Sucsees—I then discovered that a mutney -Was Intended—and Emedetly drew one of the men from His beed by the top of -His Head. but [one] of his frends in the Plott asisted Him—and We Ware -Soon all In a Scoffel. but Robert Fowler Soon Came to my asistance—and -the bisness as Soon Ended—tho it Was Some time before the gave up their -Intended muteney and five of them Seperated to them Selves and declared -the Wold do the plased and Wold not be ordered by any other porson—I -soon discovered that the Exspected the Spanierds Wold not let Conl -glann Return and that they Intended to make the best of the goods the -Cold—aledgeing the Ware the Strongest party and that the Wold pay them -Selves—on Which discovery I told them that un less the Wold Return to -their dutey I Wold send for the Arrapoho Cheef Who Wold be gld to asist -me to take Care of the goods and that the might go Whare the plased—and -that I Wold not Suffer them to meddle With the goods—the then Held a -Councle and sent one man to tell me that If I Wold be acountable to them -for their pay—the Wold go to their dutey and do What I ordored them—to -Which I toled them I wold make no new Bargen With them—and that If the -Chose the might go on With their mutenous Sceen—that I Cold protect the -goods till the Indeans Came for Which I Wold Soon Send—the then all -Came and Stated that the Wold do What I told them and Wold go to Work -Emedetley—and asked me to think of them and Secure the pay for them If -Conl glann Shold not Return Which the Espected He never Wold. and that -it Wold be Heard for them to loos all their Wages—to Which I toled them -if the Continued to do as good and Honest men aught that as fare as the -goods Wold Reech they Shold be paid—the two men Went out to Hunt but -Returned With out killing any thing—now all Hands Went to Worke Willingly -and by night We Head the Hors Peen finished and the Hous With two pens -four logs High—Which maid part of the Hors Pen and the door of the Hous -in the Hors Peen Which Was So Strong that a few Indeans Cold not take the -Horses out With out Choping Some of the logs—and must Waken us all tho We -Slept Ever So Sound— - - -Friday 4th Jany 1822 - -Went to Work Early got our House nine loggs High—and began to pitch the -tents on the top by Way of a Roof the House Just Wide Enof for that -purpose We Heared a gun near Camp two of the Hunters out We Soon Heared -another and then Several others I took up my gun and Went to the plase -Whear Robert Fowler Head killed two deer and Wounded Several more Heare -We met With Ward With one deer and one turkey We Have now plenty of meet -the first We Have Head for five days all Which time We lived on Corn -precured from the Spanierds— - -yesterday While we Ware building our House the Arrapoho Cheef and two -of His Brothers Came to our Camp With one mule We had lost While With -them—for Which I gave them Some presents—one of them Went to our Horses -and Caught Hold [of] one Which Ward Head braught in a few days ago Which -He Soposed the Crows Had lost—but the Arrapoho Clames—and I have no doupt -of His being the oner—Ward derectly asked the Indean for presents Stating -that I Head given them Some thing for finding the mule that He Wanted -Some for finding the Horse—but this demand ofended the Indeans He Stated -that the did not Cut off the mules tail to alter its looks as Ward Had -don the Hors—and throing down What the Head Receved said the Wold keep -the mule and that they Head lost three Horses and Soposed that Ward Head -taken them all and that the other two Ware yet among our Horses and Went -and looked—but Cold find no more—I told them there Was but one braught to -Camp and that Ward Had don Rong to Cut the Horses tail—that He Head allso -don Wrong to ask any thing I gave them up the Hors and told them to take -What I Head given them—Presented the pipe Which the Smoked beged Some -Powder and Bullets Which gave them—the are now quite pleased—Set off to -go to their Camp Huging us all before the Start telling us the move Camp -to morrow and Will meet us in the Spring on the River as We go down - - -Saterday 5th Jany 1822 - -three men Went With Horses on the Hunt of Buffelow but Returned With out -seeing any this day finished our House and Packed in all the goods - - -Sunday 6th Jany 1822 - -Went up to the Warm Spring Branch[77] and Soot two traps but the Weather -is So Cold I beleve the bever Will not Come out—duglass in the Evening -on driveing up the Horses Reports Some Buffelow In Sight the Hunters Will -look for them In the morning - - -monday 7th Jany 1822 - -Went out to look for the Buffelow Seen them but killed none—Went With -Robert Fowler to the traps—Caught nothing on our Return We Went to the -Washed Rock as We Called it Which Stands near the Bace of the Second -bottom or low Hills the are about fifty feet Higher than the low Bottom -and Exstend back to Some miles With out Riseing much Higher it appeers -that this High land Exstended once Round this Rock and has been Washed a -Way by the River the Rock is about ten feet Higher than the Highest land -in the nibour Hood and in the neck of low ground betwen a point of from -5 to 7 acers nearly Squair—and the High lands back of the bottom—and In -my openion the best Setuation In all this Section of the Cuntry for a -garison as it is near Wood and Watter Which is in the River about 100 yds -on the South West side of this table and about 50 yds from the above Rock -Which [is] only asendable on the East Side Round on the top about fifteen -feet diameter—a stone Wall is Raised on the margin of Such a Hight that -a man may Sett With Safty from Small army in the nibor Hood and about -twelve men might [illegible] With Convenence this Rock is about 400 -Hunderd yds from the mouth of the Warm Spring branch Which is West from -th Rock and Heads to the north its bottoms a bout ½ a mile Wide—a large -River bottom on the South and West mostly Pirarie—the High Ridge Exstends -from the Rock about South East—this Crick Contains Watter soffecent for -mills and With a long Raice plenty of fall may be Head— - - -tusday 8th Jany 1822 - -Went up to the mouth of the Crick from that to the Hill mentioned -yesterday and looking up the River Seen the glisning of a gun barrel or -Swoard blaid but Cold See nothin Elce Returned to Camp - - -Wensday 9th Jany 1822 - -my Self Robert Fowler and Jesey Vanbeber Went on Hors back to look for -Buffelow on the South Side of the River at about one and a Half miles up -the River We Ware Stoped by Vanbeber Calling to us that He Seen Seven or -Eight Indeans on the Pirarie on the north Side of the River—that He Seen -their gunbarrels gleson tho at about three miles distance We Returned to -Camp Emedetly—and Head the Horses drove up and garded the ballence of -the day—tho We Seen nothing more of the Indeans—I Exspect the Ware a War -party looking for the Arrapoho to Steel their Horses and that the Head -Seen nothing of us or the Wold Have paid us a viset— - - -thorsday 10th Jany 1822 - -Went out on the South Side of the River took Pall With me I went about -three miles over leavel Loos Sandey land to a High Ridge from Which We -Seen one Buffelow about 2 miles beyound us—We Returned to Camp Killed -nothing—the Hunters killed nothing—our meet scarce this morning Head the -Ice Sanded So as to make a Road for the Horses fine grass on the north -Side We put them over and Return them at night in to the Pen Whear We -feed them With the tops of the Young Cotten Wood—of Which the are very -fond - - -Friday 11th Jany 1822 - -Sent the Horses over Early. duglas to Hord them as Has been the Case Ever -Since the Conl left us. one man all day With the Horses and drive them up -at night the Wach by day is taken by turns amongest the Hands We Have now -thirty Horses In Cluding those belonging to Indeviduels—about 12 oclock -the Hunters Came In from the mountains Six in nomber the Weather Is So -Cold the Cannot trap the Have Caught only Seven Bever killed Some deer -Ealk and buffelow our Hunters kill one deer this day our Sperets are a -little Raised We are now fifteen In nomber and this party bringing In -With them Six Horses and two mules We have thirty Eight In all - - -Saterday 12th Jany 1822 - -Sent four Hunters With Seven Horses on the South Side of the River to the -mountains to Hunt Buffelow and not to Return In less than three days -Sent the Horses over the River to Paster—With Barbo to Hord them Who -braught them all In at night - - -Sunday 13th Jany 1822 - -Sent the Horses over the River Dick Walters to Hord them—all Returned -Safte at night—the Hunters not Returned— - - -monday 14th Jany 1822 - -Sent the Horses over the River With Bono to atend them—He killed one Deer -and Braught it to Camp the Hunters Returned With Small Buffelow—the Head -Killed Several old ones but the Ware Poor and left out the Horses all up -at night - - -tusday 15th Jany 1822 - -drove the Horses over the River on the Ice as ushal—I then Went to -look out a good Setuation for a new Settlement on the north Side of -the River—Intending to move tomorrow Should no acoumpt Reach us from -Conl glann—as We began to Sopose He Is now not at liverty to send or -Return there being the full time Elapsed in Which He promised to Send -an Exspress—and We think that a party of Spanirds may be Sent to take -us prisnors—for Which Reason Intend makeing a Strong Hous and Hors Pen -on the Bank of the River Wheare it Will not be In the Powe of an Enemy -to aproch us from the River Side—and Shold the Spanierds appeer In a -Hostill manner We Will fight them on the Ameraken ground. the River Hear -being the line by the last tretey—the Horses all up at night - - -Wensday 16th Jany 1822 - -moved Camp Early up the River on the north Side to the Spot I looked out -yesterday—We Built a Strong Hors Peen and Put up the Horses at night—no -Word from Conl glann—We begin to Conclude as Is not Well Him [all is not -well with him] - - -thorsday 17th Jany 1822 - -Sent the Horses out to grase With Dick Walters to atend them Robert -Fowler and my Self Each Shott one aughter [otter] on the Ice the Horses -all up at night no Word from Conl glann We Intend building a Hous to -morrow about one Hour In the night thirty Indeans of the Crows Came In to -our Camp and Ware frendly Recogniseing the three men the maid Prisnors -on the 30th of last month and Exspressed much Joy to See them. and that -the Head got Saft out of the fight With the Arrapohos—Stateing the Ware -going to War With that nation We gave them Plenty of boiled meet of Which -the Eat Hartily I gave them Some tobaco to Smoke—after the Head don -Eating and Smokeing the Sung a long Song and all lay down and Slept tell -morning— - - -Friday 18th Jany 1822 - -the Cheef this morning asked for Some tobaco Powder and lead for His -People Which I gave Him With Which he appered Well Pleesed and gave me -a Hors and I then [gave him] four knives—the Indeans begun now to move -off—but takeing What the Cold lay their Hands on—one of our men lost a -Pistle I toled [the] Cheef Who Returned [it] Emedetly—and Caused all to -be Returned He Cold but Some of the Indeans Head gon before the artickels -Ware mised on fellow Came In to my tent threw down His old Roab and took -a new one—I took it from Him and toled Him to take His own—and on His -takeing it took my Saddle bagg all So—I took them from Him and Pushed Him -out of the tent—by this time one of the [men] Called out the an Indean -Was going off With His Blanket I applyed to the Cheef Who followed the -fellow and braught back the blanket—but the fellow Coming back Presented -His gun at Simpson—on Which We Ware all Redey for Battle In an Instent -but the Indean let down His gun Picked up an old Roab He Had left as it -appeered in place of the blanket the Cheef then moved them all off before -Him—but after the Ware gon Several things Ware missing amongst the Rest a -Roal of large Brass Wier three blankets five knives a smelting ladle and -Dick Walters Shot pouch and Powder Horn With their Contents the Cheef -toled me the Ware In Sarch of the Arrapohos Who He Said Head left [this] -part of the Cuntry and gon to the South that He Wold Return Home to the -River Wheare the White men Ware traid Ing With His nation and Stated that -the Whites Ware Sixty five in nomber—the Indeans Have Eaten up nearly all -our meet and We feel alarmed least the Shold Return—and Soon Set about -building a Hous—nor did We let out the Horses till We Ware Well ashored -the Indeans Ware all gone off— - -We built the Hous With three Rooms and but one out Side door and that -Close to the Hors Pen So that the Horses Cold not be taken out at night -Without our knoledge We got the Hous Seven logs High and Well Chinked the -goods al stoed a Way before night—two of our Hunters Went Some distance -on the Indean trail and See two of them Sitting on a Hill as a Rear -gard—and on our men Returning the Cold See three Indeans following them -Some distance but least the Should Come back and take our Horses the -Ware all drove Into the Peen and garded the balence of the day and all -night—We now felled trees a Cross the Hors Peen So that it Was Imposeble -for the Indeans to take the Horses out With out Choping them off and our -door and Hors Peen door Ware So Setuated that [they] Cold not be taken -out With out our knoledge as We kept two Sentnals all night and all -the men Slept With their armes Readey beleveing the Indeans from the -disposetion Shoon to Steell When the left us Wold Return at night and -Steel our Horses— - - -Satterday 19th Jany 1822 - -Sent out the Horses Early and Bono to Watch them—the Ware all up at night -and two Sentnals up all night We See nothing of the Indeans but Exspect -them In a few days—the Cheef toled us He Exspected to Return In a few -days and that We Shold move up betwen the mountains out of the Ware path -that a great many parteys Wold Com this Way and Wold Steel all our Horses -and take our goods to avoid Which We must go up betwen the mountains out -of their Way and Whear there Was plenty of deer Elk and Buffelow and that -as the White mans frend He Wold viset us there— - -How Ever good this advice I Cold not Pursue it till the time Sott by -Conl glann to Return Shold Run out Which Wold be on the 2nd day of -febury—and if He did not come by that it Wold be becaus He [was] detained -a prisnor—and then I was to go Whear I thaught best - - -Sunday 20th Jany 1822 - -the Horses out Early Ward and maxwell to gard them—Robert Fowler and -Slover Caught one bever and a bever took off our trap Which appeers Was -Swept a Way by the Runing of the Ice—I sott 2 traps In the Evening the -Horses all up at night - - -Monday 21st January 1822— - -I Caught one large bever this morning—and Slover a Small one—the Horses -out Early—We are all most out of meet—and our Corn begining to be Scarce -Con Clude to Send Hunters out tomorrow to kill buffelow Horses all up at -night - - -tusday 22nd Jany 1822 - -I Sent off three men with four Horses to kill Buffelow Findley out to -Wach the Horses Caught one Bever the Hunters Return at night but killed -nothing found one mair Soposed to Have been Stolen by the Indeans found -two Horses and braught them to Camp—Seen one other Hors the did not take -Will go after Him to morrow Horses all up at night - - -Wensday 23rd Jany 1822 - -Horses out Early—High Wind and Clear—tho a little Cloudey before day -light—the Hole of this month up to this time Clear Hard frosts at night -the last ten days Warm the Ice Which Was Eighteen [inches] thick on the -River is nearly gon and the River oppen—Caught one bever and lost one -trap Which Caught a bever Which pulled up the Stake to which the trap -Was fasned and all Went off together—the Horses all up at night two of -the men drove a Hors Soposed to Have Strayed from the Indeans—the men -now begin to gro verey un Easey no Word from the Conl—He promised to -Send Peno back in fifteen days it is now twenty three days and no Word -We Exspect they are all prisnors—and that a party of Spanierds to take -[us] will be Heare Shortly but them We Intend to fight and not be taken -and not leeve our House till the month is out—and then go to Some Secure -place in the mountains and Remain traping and Hunting till the grass -groes So that our Horses Can travel a Cross the grand Pirarie and then -make our Way Home - - -thorsday 24th Jany 1822 - -the Horses Sent out Early Simpson to atend them—Slover and Robert Fowler -Caught one bever—the men maid Soap yesterday and this day the are Washing -their Cloths four men out to try and kill Some der—Findley Caught one -bever I am feerfull of sending to any great distance from Camp least the -Spanierds Shold make an atack on us in their absence—and We not Strong -Enf to keep them off—In the Evening I found one of the lost traps With a -large bever In it the Horses all up at night no Word from the Conl— - - -Friday 25th Jany 1822 - -the Horses out as ushal—Ward [and] Bono killed a buffelow bull Braught In -Some of the meat it Was not fatt—taylor Road out to Hunt this morning Has -not Returned—the Horses all up at night— - - -Saterday 26th Jany 1822 - -Horses out as ushal—this morning a little Cloudy and looks like Rain of -Which We Have Seen not more than Wold Wet a mans Shirt Since We left -White River in october last taylor Returned—but killed nothing—the Horses -all up at night two Bever Ware Caught this day— - - -Sunday 27th Jany 1822 - -the Horses Sent out Early I too[k] Pall With me and Road up the north -fork on the Warm Spring branch about three miles no Ice to be Seen Except -a little on the Shores from Hear I Crossed the Cuntry to the main River -a distance of a bout five miles and Struct the River a bout three miles -above the forkes Heare the River Has all the appeerence of a Clos Hard -Winter the Ice is Close and Strong all over the River down to the forks -While below as far as We Have been for a few days the there Is but little -Ice to be Seen and a long the Shores—the Watter from the Warm Spring must -Shorly be the Caus—five Bever Braught Into Camp this day the Horses all -up at night— - - -monday 28th Jany 1822 - -the Horses out as ushal and about ten oclock two of the men Came Running -In to Camp and Stated the Indeans Ware Cetching all the Horses—Which to -us Was very unwelken nuse as part of the men Ware out So that We Cold -not Spair men anof to fight them on the Pirarie—but In a few minets the -Horses took the alarm and broak from the Indeans and Came Runing to -Camp—and Was followed by the Indeans. but Heare the Horses did not stop -but took to the Pirarie and the Indeans gave up the Chais—and Came to us -as frends—the Ware the Same party of Crows that Ware With us a few days -back and that Head Stolen So many things from us When the Ware going a -Way I Emedetly Sent Some men after the Horses and Head them Shet up -In the Pen—In the main time treeted the Indeans frendly give them Some -tobaco to smoke and boiled meat to Eat but Put all the men to Wach as We -new them to be theves It appeer the Have been In pursute of the Arrapoho -but Have not bee able to tak Horses as the are all Returning on foot—and -Will take our Horses if the Can their Hole party is now Collected and the -are twenty Seven In nomber that [is] three less than When the left us—the -Say the Had a fight With the Arrapoho and killed five and I Sopose the -lost the three mising—but now our men are all Collected and the Horses -fasned up in the Peen We think our Selves a full match for this party—the -then offered me Some Roaps in Exchaing for tobaco Which I gave them as -We Wanted Some Roaps the Chief then asken me for Some Powder Balls Paint -and virdegrees—I gave Him a ltle of Each think Ing that if I gave Him -What He asken for the Wold not Steel—but in that I was mistaken for When -the begun to move of the began to Steel but two kittles being mised the -Cheef maid Serch and found [one] the other He Cold not find—and Said -the fellow that took it Had gon off—the now appeer to be all Readey to -Start—and about ten of the go to the Hors Peen and Exmen it and I beleve -the Intend takeing all the Horses—I ordeared all the men to Stand Readey -With His [gun] In His Hand but not to use it till I Shot first—my -Intention Was to avoid a fight If poseble—but not to let them take our -Horses—but after looking Some time Round the Peen—the Cheef Spoke and -Said you aught not to Stay Heare the Indeans Will take your Horses—go to -mountains out of this Ware Road—I am the White mans frend and do not Want -the Indeans to take your Horses—He then Shook Hands to go off—and one of -His Cheefs Stole a bridle and put it in His bosem—Which I seen I Pulled -oppen His Roab and took the Bridle from Him the then moved off about -fifty yds and all stoped and appeered to prepair for Battle With their -Backs towards us—We Ware Ready for battle but intend[ed] to let them -brake the peece first but the Cheef looking Round to us and Pointing to -the Pirarie Called out tabebo[78] Which We understood to be White men—and -Heare a new difecuelty presents its self—these Indeans are at War With -the Spanierds and if that Shold be Conl glann With His party the Indeans -Will Sopose them Spanierds and atack them—but to Prevent that two of our -men Run threw the Indeans and Joined the men and Came With them up to -Camp and the Indeans Receved them as frends it proved to be Peno and Some -Spanierds Sent by Conl glann to Conduct us to the Spanish Settlement -Wheare the govenor and People Head Recd Him on the most frendly terms and -thus our feer from that quarter Ware all Removed along With Peno there -Was a french Indean or Half Breed that Spoke the Cro language We now -Held a Counsel as our talk Heare to fore Was mostly by Signs. Heare our -terms of frendship Was Renued the Cheef Stateing that He Hated that His -nation Shold be Called theves that He Wold as much as poseble Hender them -from Steeling that He Had Cursed them for Steeling but Cold not find the -Kittle—Still telling us to go to the mountains and out of the War Path -that He Had Hard Work to keep His People from Steeling our Horses—at the -Eand of the talk I gave them Some Powder and tobaco—the Shok Hand and -moved off—the Weather Became Cloudey and about dark Began to Snow a little - - -tusday 29th Jany 1822 - -Sent the Horses out Early the Hands to Packing up the goods So as to Set -out in the morning for the Spanish Settlement agreable to advice from -Conl glann We now under Stand that the mackeson [Mexican] provence Has de -Clared Independance of the mother Cuntry and is desirous of a traid With -the people of the united States Conl glann also advises me that He Has -obtained premition to Hunt to trap and traid In the Spanish provences— - - -Wensday 30th Jany 1822 - -We moved about ten oclock and Steered a little South of the 3rd mountain -over a level plain about ten miles to a Crick a bout 30 feet Wide and -Runs north East and Heads in the mountains the Bottoms in this Crick is -from three to four Hunderd yards Wide and Well Covered With Cotten Wood -and Boxelder the Bluffs about one Hunderd feet High frunted With [stone] -of a grayis Coller and to appeerence Weell adapted for Building—the -Hunters killed two Buffelow Bulls— - -Sᵒ 25 West 10 miles[79] - - -Wensday [Thursday] 31st Jany 1822 - -Set out about 10 oclock and at about two miles [s]truck the Spanish Road -on our left Hand—which leads to touse [Taos, N. M.] Which We followed -and at five miles fell on a branch of the Crick on Which We lay last -night—the meet about one mile below our Camp—We kept up this Crick and -out at the Head of it and over a low Ridge to another Branch of the Same -Crick Which Puts in below the forkes of the other—We Went up this Crick -about one mile and Camped near the Mountain makeing about 10 miles in -all and a little West of South—the Hunters killed three deer and four -Buffelow one of Which Was two Poor for use and two left out all night -the Hunters being alone and not able to bring in the meet and it Was -lost—deer is plenty Heare but Wild We Will Stay Heare to morrow for the -Purpose of killing meet to load the Spare Horses— - -Sᵒ 25 West 10 miles[80] - - -thorsday [Friday] 1st Feby 1822 - -Hunters out Early—killed one Cow Buffelow With In four Hunderd yards -of Camp—but So Poor the meat Was not Worth Saveing—three Bulls killed -this day and three Hors loads of meat Braught to Camp—two deer braught -into Camp—it is now Sunddown and three Hunters out yet—this morning Was -Clouday and the Snow fell about 2 Inches deep—about 10 oclock at night -the Hunters Came In Haveing killed three Buffelow and loaded their Horses -to Camp one of them Slover—got His feet a lletle frost Bitten—Conclude to -Hunt to morrow as our Horses Can Carry more meet - - -Friday [Saturday] 2nd Feby 1822 - -up Early to Start the Hunters out—but I now discover the men are all -feerfull of meeting With the Indeans as We are near the War Road and Have -maid So much Sign In the Snow that the Will track us up and Steel our -Horses Whill We are So much Scattered as not to be able to defend our -Selves—and to be left Heare Without Horses—at So great a distance from -Home—there is no knolede of What destress We might Come to— - -I then Con Cluded to load up and move on the Road Which We did and on -loading up the Horses We find seven Hors loads of meet We moved on about -six miles along the futt of the mountains to [a] Crick[81] Wheare We -Camped for Wood and Watter—the Hunters killed two Bulls this day but two -Poor for use—the Snow is Heare about three Inches deep on the leavel -Pirarie but on the north Side of the Hills the old Snow is more than one -futt deep and up the mountains it is Still deeper— - -Sᵒ 25 West 6 miles - - -Satterday [Sunday] 3rd Feby 1822 - -Set out Early about South along the foot of the mountains for about ten -miles to a Crick[82] [and] about five miles [further] to Whar there the -Remains of a Spanish fort to apperence ocepied about one year back—Hear -We Camped[83] for the night Which Was Cold and Windey—So that the two -men kept out as gard With the Horses—Was like to frees—as We Have kept -two men garding the Horses all night Ever Since We left our House on the -River and Intend keeping them up till We Rech the Spanish Settlement We -this day maid fifteen miles— - - -Sunday [Monday] 4th Feby 1822 - -the Wind High and Very Cold We set out Early up the valley[84] a little -West of South for about two miles thence up the Point of a mountain and -along a Ridge leave High Peeks on both Sides till We took up a High Hill -and threw a Pine groave Whar the Snow is three feet deep—and at about -five miles from Camp We Came to the top or Backbon of the mountain Which -devides the Watters of the arkensaw from the Delnort Heare the Wind Was -So Cold We Scarce dare look Round— - -South 5 miles to the top of the mountain[85] - -We then Steered more West down the mountain to a branch[86] of the -delnort—and down that about South for nearly ten miles to Wheare the -mountains are much lower Whear [we] Capted [camped] for the [night] We -Hear find no timber but Piny and Roal Some old logs off the mountain -for fier Wood—Dick Walters is mising and on Inquirey He Had lost His -Blanke[t]s Comeing down the mountain and tyed His Hors to a tree and gon -back to find them and that His Hors broke loos and overtook the Reer -party at about four miles from Whare He tied Him the Hors Was Hear Caut -and tied again it is now Sundown and no Word of Dick We are afraid He is -frosen We maid fifteen miles this day—Walters got to Camp Some time In -the night - -Sᵒ 45 West 10 miles[87] - - -Monday [Tuesday] 5th Feby 1822 - -Set out Early down the Crick nearly South at five miles [leaving] -the Crick on our Right Hand Came to Crick[88] Runing West With Some -Cottenwood and Willows We Crossed this Crick Into an oppen plain[89] of -great Exstent We Have now left the mountains behind us and on our left -Hand tho there are Some to be Seen at a great distance on our Right and -In frunt—our Cors is now South and Crossing a Small Crick at three miles -and at twelve miles farther Camped on a Crick[90] 40 feet Wide full of -Running Watter Some Cotten Wood trees and Willows We this day maid twenty -one miles—South 21 miles - - -tusday [Wednesday] 6th Feby 1822 - -Set out the Sun about one Hour High nearly South along the mountains -leave them on our left and pasing Some Small mounds[91] on the Right -Which Stand alone in the Pirarie at fifteen miles Crosed a Small -Crick[92] Runing West from the mountains a Cross the plain and In the -Evening Crossed two more Small Streems Runing as before and at night -Camped on a Small Crick at the lower Eand of this large [San Luis] vally -Heare the mountain Puts a Cross the Plain to the River Delnort about 6 -miles to our Right as We Have been going down that River at about the -above distance Ever Since We Came in to this plain—on this Crick there Is -a Small Spanish vilege but abandoned by the Inhabetance for feer of the -Indeans now at War With them We this day troted the Horses more than Half -the time and maid thirty miles nor did We Stop till In the night - -South 30 miles— - - -Wensday [Thursday] 7th Feby 1822 - -We Set [out] at an Early Hour Crossing a Crick[93] Well adapted for -mills of Ither the Saw or the grinding and plenty of tall Pitch Pine—We -Heare proceded up the Side of a High mountain and Continueing alonge the -Side of it the River Runing Close under the futt of it So that the Was -no other Way to pass—We Continued over Ruff grounds and deet guters -for nine miles to a Small vilege[94] on a Crick[94]—Heare We Capped -[camped] in the vileg for the night—and our gides left us as Well as the -Intarpreter after Shewing us Into a Hous as He Said of Honest People—and -telling on ordors that I Had no money but wold pay in Such artickels as -We Had the land lord Was verry Kind I obtained Some taffe[95] for the men -as the Have not tasted any Sperits Since We left the virdegree He put all -our goods in a dark Room and locked them up—and We lodged in an outer -Room—the Inturpreter and guide promised us to Return to us Early—Sᵒ 30 -West 9 miles - - -thorsday [Friday] 8th Feby 1822 - -We Had the Horses up Early and With Some defequeelty got out the Saddles -and Bridles—and then atempted to Settle the Bill but the Spanierd -Ither Cold not or Wold not under Stand me I Soposed the amt about Six -dollers—and layed ten Dollers Worth of Knives and tobaco—Which He took -up and put a Way I demanded the goods but to no purpose He Wold not let -me Have them Still Saying that Battees[96] told Him not to let the goods -go till He Came now this Battees Was one of the men Imployed Heare and -Sent by Conl glann to asist us over the mountain—and I began to ConClude -that Some vilenus Skeem Was at Worke betwen Him and the landlord as He -did not Return as He promised—but after about three Hours disputeing -and Indevering to get the goods I Seen that nothing but force Wold do -I Steped to my gun and So did Robert Fowler I told the men to do the -Same—and [when] I Seen all Readey I Spoke loud Saying I Wold Have the -goods and Shoing much anger—the Spanierd got in a better umer and gave -up the goods—So We loaded and moved on Crossing a Crick Which Run West -threw the villege Steered a little South of East about twelve miles over -a High Butifull plain to the villege of St Flander[97]—In the nibor Hood -of touse.[98] about two miles from the villege We meet With Conl glann -at the Crossing of a Crick[99] Which [ran] West—on our a Rivel at the -villege We mised one of the Hors loads of meet and on Inquiery it was -found that one of the Spanierds Head taken it of to His own Hous at about -three miles distance So We lost it there being no moad of Recovering -it—He was one of the men Sent out to asist us over the mountains and that -morning With out being notised put the load on His own Hors—and falling -behind maid His Eskape With the meet—We Heare found the people extremly -poor. and Bread Stuff Coud not be Head amongest them as the Said the -grass hopers Head Eat up all their grain for the last two years and that -the Head to Pack all their grain about one Hunderd miles—for their own -use—We found them Eaqually Scarce of meet and Ware offered one quarter -of a doller a bound for the meet We Braght in With us—but this We Cold -not spair and Haveing nothing Els to eat it Will not last us long—and no -Bread Stuff to be got Heare We must Soon leave this Reeched place—and now -in the dead of Winter and the Waters frosen tite Exsept the River Delnort -Which is Said to be oppen to Which We Intend to go as Soon as poseble -to Cetch Bever to live on as there is no other game In this part of the -Cuntry— - - -Satterday 9th Feby 1822 - -Remained In the villedge all day and In the Evening there Was a -Colletion [of the] men and Ladys of the Spanyerds Had a fandango in our -House Wheare the appeered to InJoy them Selves With the Prest at their -[head]—to a great degree— - - -Sunday 10th Feby 1822 - -Remained In the villege all day But Sent out two parteys of trapes to -Remain out till the first of may next—Hear it may be Remembered that a -Capten and Sixty men of the Spanierds Came in from the arkensaw With Conl -glann and little party—and now the Same Capten and party Has Crossed the -mountaines again—but before He let [left] Home Has Interdused Conl glann -and Mr. Roy to His family Consisting a Wife and two daughters both young -Woman the old lady Haveing paid us a visid In the morning appered In a -few minet quite formiler and as Well aquainted With us as If She Head -knone us for several years tho She did not Stay more than about Half an -Hour—But in the after noon a boy Came With a mesege for Conl glann mr Roy -and the negro. Who after Some Ceremony acCompanyed the two gentlemen but -With Some Reluctance aledgeing that He Was not Settesfyed to go With out -His master aledgeing as the ladys appeerd more atached to Him than [to] -the White men—that there might be Some mischeef Intended and uder those -doupts He Went as I before Stated and from the Statement of those two -gentlemen I Will Indevour to State What followed—it Is a Custom With the -Spanierds When Interdused to Imbrace With a Close Huge—this Ceremoney So -Imbareshed Pall and maid Him So Shaimed that I[if] a Small Hole Cold Have -been found He Wold Sartainly Crept Into it. but unfortnetly there Was no -Such place to be found. and the trap door threw Which the desended Into -the Room being Shut down [for the Went In at the top of the House][100] -there Was no Poseble Way for Him to make His Escape—now the Haveing but -one Beed in the House and that So large as to be Cappeble of Holding the -three Copple of poson—there Ware all to lodge to geather and the mother -of the daughters being oldest Had of Corse the ferst Chois of Bows. and -took pall for Hir Chap takeing Hold of Him and drawing Him to the beed -Side Sot Him down With Hir arms Round His Sholders. and gave Him a Kis -from[?] Sliped Hir Hand down Into His Britches—but it Wold take amuch -abeler Hand than mine to discribe palls feelings at this time being -naturly a little Relegous modest and Bashfull He Sot as near the wall -as Was Poseble and it may be Soposed He Indevoured to Creep Into it for -Such Was His atachment to the old lady that he kept His [eyes] turned -Constently up to the trap door—and to His great Joy Some person oppened -it to Come In to the Same Room—But Pall no Sooner Saw the light [for -their Rooms are dark][101] than He Sprang from the old lady and Was out -In an Instent—and maid to our lodgeing as fast as Poseble Wheare the -other two Soon followed and told What Head Happened to Pall - - -monday 11th Feby 1822 - -Remained in the vilege all day nothin meterel took place. - - -tusday 12th Feby 1822 - -I Set out on a traping tower With Robert Fowler—Taylor Walters and Pall -With Eight Horses We Went South West about ten miles to the bank of the -River [Rio Grande]—Which Bank or Bluf Was So High We Cold see no Chance -of getting down With the Horses for We looked some time before We Cold -see the River the distance Was So great—and the River looked like a Small -Spring Branch that a man might Easely Step over—and Head We not been -told that the River Was In that gap We Cold not Have beleved the River -Was there at all—We then Pased down a long the Bluff about two miles and -found a path Way down the mountain—the Bluf or River Bank as you may -Chose to Call it Which path We took but With great danger to our Horses -and In about two Hours going down that mountain We got to the River Which -is about one Hunderd yds Wide and is fordable With Horses—and now takeing -a vew of the River I find it is at least one thousand feet below the -leavel of Pirarie. and is bound With a bluf of Rocks on Each Side mostly -Parpendickeler So that there Is but few plases that Ither man or Beast -asend them—We are now at the mouth of the [Taos] Crick Which Pases threw -touse Heare is two Houses With Each one family of Spanierds and it is not -Poseble the Have more than Half an acer of ground to live on. and Shold a -Rock Breake loos and Come down Wold destroy the Hole Settlement - -Sᵒ 45 West 10 to the River - - -Wensday 13th Feby 1822 - -Robert Fowler and my Self Went down the River about Six miles on foot -to look for Bever no Sign of any the River is So bound With Rocks that -With much difequaty We maid our Way Heare We found a nother Small -villege[102] With Eight or ten Houses and a foot Bridge a Cross the River -over Which We Went and Heare We found a Path up the River Hills Which -[were] full as High as Wheare We first Came to it But Heare the Rocks -are So broken that a Papth Way is found up threw them after a long and -tedeous Walk We a Rived at the top of the Hil and found our Selves on -oppen leave[l] Pirarie of from forty to fifty miles Wide. We are now on -the West Side of the River and Went up along the Bluf about two miles -and Came to a dry Crick Which put into the River but the Rocks Ware So -High on Each Side that We Walked up it about one Hour before We found -any Poseble Chance of Crossing it after Which We pased over the leavel -Pirarie opset our Camp[103] Wheare We found a path leading down threw -the Rocks to the River and it appeers that there is no poseble Chance of -going up or down these Clifts but at those paths—for as Soon as you Come -to the top of these Clifts and look down you are so struck With Horror -that you Will Retret In an Instant - - -thorsday 14th Feby 1822 - -Crosed the River Early and Wound up the mountain along a path maid By -the Spanierds among the Rocks till We arived at the top in the oppen -World and Steereing to the north leaveing the River on our Right Hand and -Camped at night opesed the villege Wheare We Head the defequeelty Withe -the land lord We this day maid about fourteen[104] miles—and found no -Watter for our Horses Sent two Kittles down to the River for Watter Heare -We find the mountain about the Same Hight as Wheare We Ca[m]ped last -night With a path up threw the Rocks maid by the People of the villege on -the East side—14 miles - - -Friday 15th Feby 1822 - -We Set out Early up the margin of the River about twelve miles to the -point of a mountain Cut off by the River forming a parpendickelor Bluff -of about fifteen Hunderd feet High—over this mountain We Head to Clime on -the top of Which the Snow Was nee deep—tho there Was none on the Pirarie -We Went four miles farther and Camped on the margen of the River Sent -down two kittles for Watter and sot two bever traps—Heare the Rocks or -Bluffs are a little Broken and not quite so High as Wheare We Stayed the -two nights past—tho Heare they are about nine Hunderd feet High and So -Steep—Exsept the Spot Wheare Sent down the kittles that a Squerel Cold -not Climb them—our distance this day is Sixteen miles—16 miles - - -Satterday 16th Feby 1822 - -found one Bever in a trap this morning Sott the two traps again and moved -up the River about Six miles and Ca[m]ped on the margen of the River the -Rocks not So High as last night but So Steep that We Cold not git Watter -from the River and melted Snow for that Purpose Which We found among Some -Rocks We found some dry Ceders for fier Wood—6 miles - - -Sunday 17th Feby 1822 - -Very Cold Haveing Snowed a little In the fore part of the night Sent for -the two Bever traps—the River Had frosen over them So that We Caught -nothing—Seen two men on Hors Back at a great distance Soposed to be -Indeans—the Road off as fast as their Horses Cold Carry them—We this day -Seen Six Wild Horses tho two of them must Have been In Hands as their -tails Ware Bobed Short—We find no game yet and our Stock of provetion Is -nearly out— - - -monday 18th Feby 1822 - -We Sot out Early up the River and at about 12 miles Came to the upper -Eand of the High Rocks[105] and going down a gradual decent three or -four Hunderd yds Came to a low Bottom on the River the Bank being low -not more than six or Eight [feet] High the River butifull and a bout -one Hundred yds Wide—But all frosen up tite—We Heare got Watter for the -Horses—it Is Heare proper to Remark that the River as far as We Have Seen -it pasing down betwen the High Rocks or mountains—dose not move In a very -gentle manner as It appeers much Impeded by the Rocks falling from Each -Side. and is forsed forward dashing from one Rock over others In almost -one Continued foam the Hole distance threw the mountains Which from What -I Can larn is about seventy miles When it appeers below In an oppen -Cuntry—I Have no doubt but the River from the Head of those Rocks up -for about one Hundred miles Has once been a lake of about from forty to -fifty miles Wide and about two Hunderd feet deep—and that the running and -dashing of the Watter Has Woren a Way the Rocks So as to form the present -Chanel—We this day Crosed a dry Branch. But Have not Seen one Streem of -Watter In all the distance We Have Came up on the [west] Side We travled -nor Cold our Horses get one drop of Watter in all that distance but the -Eat Snow When the Cold get it—We Went up the River a bout Six miles -further and Camped on the East Side in a Small grove of Cotten Wood trees -the Ice In [is] now so Strong the Horses Can Cross at pleasure—We find -nothing to kill Exsept two of the Big Horned Sheep [_Ovis montana_] one -of Which Robert Fowler shot but Cold not git it— - -We this day maid Eighteen miles our Corse about north all the Way up the -River—North 54 miles[106] - - -tusday 19th Feby 1822 - -We Set out Early up along the West Side of the River and at two miles -Came to High Short Hills Which Put In Cloce to the River on both -Sides and Continu for about three miles Wheare We find Wide and low -Bottoms—Heare We See timber a Head Wheare We Will Indevour to Camp this -night—and at ten miles We Came to Slovers party In Camped about two miles -up Pikes forke of the Delnort and about three miles below His Block House -Wheare He Was taken by the Spanierds—this fork Is oppen ocationed by the -large Warm Spring Spoken of In Pikes Jurnal this party Has Caught Some -Bever and their Is Sign of more in the River our Cors this day Was north -30 West ten miles—there is plenty of Cotten Wood trees and Willowes along -this but Scarce a tree on the main River - -N 30 West 10 miles[107] - - -Wensday 20th Feby 1822 - -We moved up the River threw the Bottom Which is about fifty miles Wide -In Cluding the second Bottom leavel and Rich and not a tree to be Seen -Exsept a few along the River bank—We maid twelve miles. and Camped on the -East Side among Some Willows and geathered drift Wood for our fier—the -Weather Is very Cold the Snow fell last night about two Inches deep—Cors -north 12 miles[108] See nothing to kill - - -thorsday 21st Feby 1822 - -Crosed over on the Ice and up the West Side of the River the timber and -Brush Is now plenty In the low bottoms Which are from two to four miles -Wide tho these are not all Covered With timber—and Hear there Is on both -Sides What We Call a second bottom a little Higher than the first—the -Hole now makeing a distance of from 30 to 40 miles now Since We Have Came -to the timber We find much Sign of Bever—But the River Is So frosen that -We Cannot ketch them We Camped on the East Side of the River and Conclude -to go to the West mountains[109] In the morning and try to kill meet to -Eat as our provetions are all gon—nor Have We Seen any kind of game Since -We left Slovers party N 45 West 18 miles - - -Friday 22nd Feby 1822 - -Robert Fowler and my self Set out Early on futt for the West mountains -and Steered for a Small streek of Brush Whear We Exspect to find Watter -as that kind of Brush dos not grow With out We on the Way See Eight[y] or -90 Wild Horses and In devour to git In Shot distance so as to kill one to -Eat—but In that We failed for Whin We Ware at about one miles distanes -the Seen us and all Run off—We Went to the mountain and Camped by the -Side of a large Rock Wheare We [found] both Wood and Watter Was plenty -but nothing to Eat Pall and taylor Came up With the Horses We all Went up -the mountains to Hunt But See nothing to kill—but there Was Some Sign of -the Big Horned Sheep on the Sides of the mountain amongst the Short Pine -Which Is plenty Heare In Some plases—the Weather Is Cold and Some flying -Clouds—our Corse Was this day West 12 miles—We Heare found by going up -the mountain the Snow Was So deep We Cold not travel tho there Was little -or none In the valey - -West 12 miles[110] - - -Satterday 23rd Feby 1822 - -We Conclude to go to the River and up it till We find game—Pall and -my Self take the Horses and Steerd north to the River about ten miles -Robert Fowler and Taylor out on the Hunt—Camped on the West Side of the -River—nothing killed this day— - -north 10 miles [to] West Side of the River[111] - - -Sunday 24th Feby 1822 - -nothing to Eat—Taylor Purposes to take Robert Fowlers Hors and Ride -Hunting Which Was agread to He Went on the West Side of the River I -Went my Self on the East Side up the River about ten miles to the Short -Hills Seen Some Caberey but killed nothing Taylor did not Return at -night—nothing to Eat but look at Each other With Hungrey faceses - - -monday 25th Feby 1822 - -this morning Taylor Came Into Camp on futt Haveing lost the Hors With -Sadle Bridle Blankets nek Roap and all In the first Short Hills on the -West Side of the River at Some ten or twelve miles up—and that He Said -He Head Seen many deer Elk and Bares—to Which place We moved as fast as -poseble and got there about 3 oclock Seen a great many deer but killed -nothing—our Corse West ten miles - - -tusday 26th Feby 1822 - -all out and Hunt till about 10 oclock but killed nothing tho Seen Some -deer—We now begin to think of killing one of our Horses—but first move -to a fresh Camp Wheare We Have not disturbed the game and try In the -Evening again to kill Something We move about two miles to the River—as -We Were now Camped on a Small Crick[112]—and put out the Horses Robert -and my Self took our guns to Hunt on futt as there Was much timber land -Heare—but Taylor and Pall Began to Complain of Hunger of Which Taylor -began gro black In the face and Pall Was gitting White With the Same -Complaint and the both thaught the Hors Shold be killed. to Which Robert -and my Self Consented and gave them liberty to kill Him as Soon as the -Cold—but not Willing to See that operation Robert and my Self Went off to -Hunt but We Soon Heard the gun fier that We Soposed to kill the Hors—but -We kept our Corse down the River on the Ice as the Brush Was thick and -dry So that If We Went on land We maid So much nois that We Could not git -neer the game—but We Head not gon far before Som deer Was Seen In the -Brush and Robert Went after them and killed two of them He then Went to -Camp for a Hors leaveing me to take Care of the deer—but When He got to -Camp He found one of the Horses about Half Skined—but another Was Soon -got up and the deer Caryed to Camp Wheare We Soon Head Suntious feest and -much Plesentness now appeered Round the fier tho We lamented the fate of -the Poor Hors—as now [we] Head no use for His flesh Which feel a pray to -the Birds and Wolves - - -Wensday 27th Feby 1822 - -Sent Pall out Early to look for the Horses We Soon Heard the Report of -gun and not long after Pall Came In With a deer on His back the first -He Ever killed In His life—We Have meet plenty and the Weather Is now -moderate Some Holes appeer a longe Shore In the Ice out at Which the -bever Workes We Sot some traps this day— - - -thorsday 28th Feby 1822 - -Caught one bever—and Hunted for the lost Hors—but Have not found Him— - - -Friday 1st march 1822 - -Taylor Caught one Bever—Hunted for the lost Hors—met With vanbeber and -two of His party the had found our lost Hors—the Remained at our Camp -that night the Hors Head lost all but the Bridle - - -Satterday 2nd march 1822 - -vanbeber and His Party Set out Early up the River We Con Clude to follow -them one or two days Exspecting We may find Some Elk—We Went up the -[River] twelve miles pasing at Seven miles a large pond of Watter of -about 40 acers on the West Side of the River—the Bottom of Which is about -one mile Wide the mountains High on Each Side—the tops of Which are a -great Hight above vegatation at about ten miles We Crost a fork[113] -Puting In on the West Sid about one third as large as the River it -appeers to Head to the West—Heare the River makes a turn to the north as -fare as We Cold See up it—We Camped With vanbebers party the Head killed -one Elk—our Cors West 12 miles—Heare the mountains Put Close to the River -Which [is] very Croked - - -Sunday 3rd march 1822 - -I Remained at Camp Robert [Fowler] and Taylor Went Hunting the formor -killed two Elk and left the latter to butcher them While took out Horses -and braught them In to Camp - - -monday 4th march 1822 - -Went up the River to look for Sign of Bever but found none - - -tuesday 5th march 1822 - -We moved down the River to the first High point of Rocks on the East -[north] Side at the Head of the large vally and about one mile below -Where We killed the Hors—Some Snow fell last night the Weather Cold the -River Is yet frosen up Close Except a few Springs in the River bank Which -keeps it oppen a few feet—High Wind last night— - - -Wensday 6th march 1822 - -Sot Some traps—Taylor Came In late at night Reports that Some Indeans are -Camped about Eight miles below us on the River - - -thorsday 7th march 1822 - -Taylor purposes going to the Indeans Camp I gave Him Some tobaco for -that purpose—He Went to the Indeans Robert my Self and Pall Road out the -mountains and on our Return We See a nomber of Indeans at Camp Which We -Cold See at Some distance from the point of one of the mountains and not -noing what Indeans the Ware we vewed them about Half an Hour—the then -moved off from our Camp and We Came In—Wheare We found taylor—tho the -Indeans Had Stolen two Buffelow Roabs Some lead and two knives—and Ware -of the utaws nation [Utes] Which Roame about and live In the mountains -Without Haveing any Settled Home and live alltogether on the Chase -Raising no grain—Slover With His party Pased up the River this day— - - -Friday 8th march 1822 - -We Remain at the Same Camp—Caught one Bever and one aughter [otter] -Ward and duglass Came to our Camp from touse [Taos]—and State that the -Spanierds Have Sent 700 men against the nabeho [Navajo] Indeans—and of a -battle being faught between Spanierds and the Panie Indeans East of the -mountains - - -Satterday 9th march 1822 - -Ward and Duglass Set out for vanbebers Camp—In the Evening two Spanierds -Came to Camp—Hard frost last night - - -Sunday 10th march 1822 - -Went up the River above the forkes to kill meet the two Spanierds With us— - - -monday 11th march 1822 - -We Hunted till 12 oclock for Elk but found none—We Continued up the north -[fork] about Eight miles Heare the mountains Close in on both Sides So -that our Pasege Was Defequal and the River turning to the West—We maid -ten miles and Camped With Slover and vanbeber Partey the Have all meet -Heare together—the Have killed two Elk Nᵒ 8 miles—West 2 miles[114] - - -tusday 12th march 1822 - -Robert and myself Set out Early to Hunt and Haveing been Informed that -a Hot Spring Had been found up the Crick Which put In to the River from -the West [south] Side a little above our Cam[p]—We Went to the Spring -about one and a Half miles up the Crick—But the Smoke appeered like -that of a Salt furnis—as Soon as We Came In vew of it—the Snow Was now -about Six Inches deep over the valley of the Crick But the Hot Watter -Head kept the ground Cleane for a few Rods Round the Spring—but What -appeered Straing to look at Was to see Ice Exstended about three feet -from the Shore over the Watter—tho a boiling up In the middle of the -Pon[d] Which Was about three Rods a Cross and nearly Round the Spert of -Watter Rose up Some distance above the leavel of the Watter In the Pon -and Was about the Size of a flour Barrel—now the question Was How Can -the Ice Existe on Hot Watter. I Caught hold of the Ice as I Soposed—and -[was] not only Scalded With the Watter but the [was] Burned With the Ice -it being nearly as Hot as the Watter—bout on a farther Examination I -found it Was a mineral Substan that Had Congeled on the Watter of Which -there Ware vast quantitys laying below the Spring In the Crick Which Run -from it—We then Went up the mountain till the Snow got So deep We Ware -obliged to Return—killed nothing—this forke [Hot Spring creek] of the -River Heads nearly [south] in the High mountains—the main River Heading -north[115] and from appeerence the mountains Seperates and be Comes Lower -as you go up the River leaveing a large valley—and low Bottoms along the -River—the two Spanierds tell us it is about one days travel to the Head -of the River—the Cuntry is low a Crass to the arkensaw—about twenty miles -north [west] from Heare and Six East [north] of this River there Is a -large lake[116] or Bodey of Watter that Has no out let that there is Some -Island In it With trees on them—the all So State that this lake lyes be -twen the Delnort and the arkensaw and that the Cuntry is low all the Way -betwen the two Rivers— - - -Wendsday 13th march 1822 - -We Heare left the two Spanierds With Slover as We Head Dick Walters at -His Camp on Pikes fork We moved down the River a little below the main -forkes and killed one Elk Wheare We Camped for the night—bothe the other -partys pased us Heare and Camped about one mile below us—the Ice begins -to thaw and all makeing for the Bever Sign— - - -thorsday 14th march 1822 - -this morning two of our Horses Ware mising—about twelve oclock We found -them and moved down to Hanging [Rock] as We Have Called it at our old -Camp—the Weather Has got Cold and the Ice Harder—We Will not be able -to trap for Some time yet—We Heare find the flax [_Linum perenne_] In -abondance the Rute Is purenal [root is perennial] but In Every other -appeerence it is like ous— - - -Friday 15th march 1822 - -Remained In Camp—the Ice begins to thaw in the day time but Hard frost at -night— - - -Satterday 16th march 1822 - -Remained in Camp all day— - - -Sunday 17th march 1822 - -Remained in Camp all day— - - -monday 18th march 1822 - -Some difequalty With Taylor He quits us or We leave Him—and move up a -Crick to the South a bout four miles to Some bever Dams—Robert Fowler -Complains of the Sore throat for Some days—and is gitting Worse - -South 4 miles - - -tusday 19th march 1822 - -Robert is Still Worse With the Sore throat—We apply a sock With ashes -Round His neck—He finds Releef in about two Hours—Hard frost this morning -and Cold With High Winds - - -Wensday 20th march 1822 - -Caught three Bever and Examin the Crick about Six miles Higher up to -Wheare the mountains Close In on both Sides there Is timber and Willows -all along this Crick and the bottoms about Half a mile Wid and Well -adopted for Cultavation on acoumpt of Eragation—as no other lands Can be -Cultivated Heare for the Want of Seasnable Rains— - -Sᵒ 30 W 6 miles - - -thorsday [Friday] 29th march 1822 - -We Have Remained Heare Waiting for the Ice to melt out of the Crick but -the Weather Continues Cold and Clouday With frequent Snow Storms the Ice -is Still frosen over the bever dams So that We Caught but few—Robert -Sore throat Has gon much better—We moved down to the River about 3 miles -above our old Camp killed three gees—Sot Some traps—the gees is now -Coming plenty and those We killed fatt Which is pleasing to us as We Have -now lived a long time on Poor meet—Cloudey and begins to Snow—the Ice is -nearly gon out of the River - - -Satterday 30th march 1822 - -the Snow is about four Inches deep Caught one bever killed one Sand Hill -Crain [_Grus mexicana_] and five gees—the day is Warm—the Snow all gon -out of the valleys but the mountains are all Covered moved to down to the -old Camp - - -Sunday 31st march 1822 - -Caught four Bever and killed five gees—the Weather is gitting Cold - - -monday 1st aprile 1822 - -Killed five gees—the Watter frose over the traps Caught no bever - - -tusday 2nd aprile 1822 - -Caught two bever—and Remained the ballence of the day In Camp - - -Wensday 3rd aprile 1822 - -Caught one Bever killed three gees—the Weather much Warmer We move up the -Crick to the Bever dams—find the Ice much thiner and Sot Some traps— - - -thorsday 4th aprile 1822 - -Hard frost last night and frose up the traps Caught but one bever We now -find that In this Crick the Watter Rises by Suns thaw Ing the Ice and at -night With the Hard frost so that the Rise and fall of the Watter will -defeet the traping - - -friday 5th aprile 1822 - -moved Early about East threw a low [gap] In the Spurs of the mountains -about ten miles and Camped a little below the Spanish Road leading to -Pikes [fork. In the] gap In the mountain—We Sot Some traps—N 70 East 10 -to the River[117] - - -Satterday 6th aprile 1822 - -Caught one Bever—We find the River as Well as the Crick Rises In the day -with melting of the Ice for it Cannot be the Snow In the mountain the -distance up to the Snow prevents the Watter from Ever Retching the vally -the ground is so dry and loose that the Watter all dis appeers before it -Can Rech near the futt of the mountains and Haveing Had frost at night -the River falls as much as it Rises in the day—Taylor Came to our Camp -to day and States that there are a great many Indeans on the River both -above and below us that the Had Robed His Camp and taken all His traps -but that He Had followed them and got all back but two traps - - -Sunday 7th aprile 1822 - -Caught one Bever and moved down the River about 12 miles on the north -Side We Have killed twelve gees Since We Have been on the River last— - - -monday 8th aprile 1822 - -Caught one Bever—Killed five gees moved down the River to the lower Eand -of the timber—the Indeans are all gon to the West over the mountains the -Ware the utaws nation— - - -tuesday 9th aprile 1822 - -moved down the River about ten miles—and then turned East across the -valley to a crick[118] and up it about five miles—this Crick Heds to the -north as Is the Same We Came down Where We Crosse the mountains In feby -last—We this day mett With venbeber and Ward— - - -Wensday 10th aprile 1822 - -Heare Is Some Indeans from the Spanish Settlement—We moved up the Crick -about ten miles lost one bever trap—Nᵒ 10 miles - - -thorsday 11th aprile 1822 - -Went up the Crick about three miles and found Some Sign of bever—Sot Some -traps—We yesterday pased threw Some of the Richest bottom on the Crick -that I have Seen and Contains Six or Eight thousand acers[119] - -N 20 West 3 miles - - -friday 12th aprile 1822 - -Cold and Clouday the Crick frose up—We Caught nothing—We Set out threw -the Pirarie down the Crick a Snow Storm Came on and Caught us In the -Pirarie the Wind and Snow in our faces So that We Cold not See one -another two Rods—this Storm lasted about two Hours and it Was Weel for us -it Seesed for We Cold not See Which Way to go and our Setuation Was Realy -unplesent— - -We Camped near the mouth of the [Trinchera] Crick Wheare We found Some -timber— - - -Satterday 13th aprile 1822 - -the ground is now Covered With Snow and Hard frosen—We Have not Seen -one morning With out frost Since the Winter first Sot In—We Crossed the -River a little above Pikes forke [Rio Conejos] and ConCluded to go back -to the timber up the River for Which We Steered for three or four miles -and Crossed a large Streem [La Jara] of Runing Watter forty feet Wide and -nearly beley deep to the Horses—We Head Crossed this Same Crick In febuy -last [Feb. 20] but the Was no Watter then In it it Haveing to pass over -about twenty miles of oppen leavel Pirarie it Was all frosen to Ice—at -that time and Is now melted and Coming down—the Snow Has disappeered In -the valey but the mountains Covered— - - -[Sunday, April 14th—no entry] - - -monday 15th aprile 1822 - -Caught 2 beve and killed one goos We yester day Seen our Hors lost by -vanbebers Party but So willd We Cold not take Him— - - -tusday 16th april 1822 - -Caught one Bever and moved up the River about four miles and Camped on -the West Side vanbebers party pased us on the East going up all So— - - -Wensday 17 aprile 1822 - -Caught one bever and moved up the River about 12 miles the day Cloudey -and Cold Comesed Snowing fast In the Evening and Continued till late at -night— - - -thorsday 18th aprile 1822 - -the Snow about Six Inches deep We Caught one Bever and killed four -gees—the day Warm the Snow all gon before night— - - -Friday 19th aprile 1822 - -killed two gees and Caught two Bever—Remained the ballence of the day at -Camp— - - -Satterday 20th aprile 1822 - -Caught 2 Bever and killed two gees the Weather Warm the grass begins to -appeer a little moved up the River a bout Seven miles Seen about twenty -Elk Robert Shot one but it went off With the Rest—the mountains are Still -Covered With Snow tho none In the valeys— - - -Sunday 21st aprile 1822 - -Caught two bever killed one goos moved up the River about Six miles Seen -nine Elk— - - -monday 22nd aprile 1822 - -Caught two bever killed one goos and moved up the River to the Hanging -Rock[120] and from that to the Bever dams on the Crick Wheare We left on -the 6th Instent Soposeing the Ice Wold be gon out of the Crick— - - -tusday 23 aprile 1822 - -Caught two bever—the Weather Cold—no game Hear and the Bever Poor We Will -move to the River In the morning on acoumpt of killing gees to Eat— - - -Wensday 24th aprile 1822 - -Caught two bever moved to the River and Crosed over to the East Side and -Camped a little below the Hanging Rock killed one goos and one duck— - - -thorsday 25th aprile 1822 - -Caught one Bever killed one goos and moved down the river about five -miles— - - -Friday 26th april 1822 - -Set out down the River Intend to go to the Settlement We are giting -Scarce of Powder Haveing to Shute So much at gees for Want of larger -game—killed two Caberey and one Elk—maid Eight miles and Camped on the -East Side of the River— - - -Satterday 27th aprile 1822 - -killed two gees moved down the River near the lower Eand of the timber -Seen many Elk the Have now left the mountains and Come Into the timber -land on the River to feed on the young grass— - - -Sunday 28th aprile 1822 - -no frost this morning and the first We Have Seen this Spring—the grass -groes but Slow the trees not yet Buding the ground is as dry as dust no -moisture but the Snow Since We Came to the Cuntry and the Spanierds Say -that It is three years Since the Have Had Rain—we moved down the River -about four miles and Crossed to the West Side of the River and Steered -South at about ten miles Crosed the Willow Crick and at about fifteen -miles pased a Spring In the leavel Pirarie Which Contained about on -Hog-set of Clear Cool Watter Standing on Rise or mound of Earth a little -above the leavel of the Pirarie the ground Round this Spring Was quite -Soft and Wen We Ware at the Watter by Jumping on the ground you Cold See -it Shake for about two Rods all Round—about five miles farther We Crosed -Pikes forke at the mouth of the Warm Spring Branch Spoken of by that -gentleman In Jurnal[121] We then pased threw Some low Hills a little East -of South Seven miles to the River and Crossing over found the Watter up -to the Saddle Sceats and one of our Pack Horses fell down with his load -and Was not able to Rise So that We Had Some difequalty to Keep Him from -be drounded We then pased over a low Ridge about Half a mile and Camped -on a crick Wheare We found Some Woods— - - -monday 29th aprile 1822 - -Clouday With High Winds Some Snow—We moved on Intending to Camp on a -branch With Some timber on the East Side of the Snake Hill at twelve -miles We maid the Branch but no Watter—We Went up the Crick about Eight -miles and there found it a Bold Runing Streem[122] Hear We Camped for the -night makeing in [all] twenty miles We Seen Heare on this Crick a great -many Cabery but very Wild - -South 45 East 18 [_sic_] miles - - -tusday 30th aprile 1822 - -Hard frost the Ice about the 8th of an Inch on the kittle of Watter -Killed a Woolf at Camp—and Set out up the [Culebra] Crick to[ward] the -mountains about three miles Whear We Struck the Road to touse [Taos] -Which We took and Camped at the Hords mans villege but no purson to be -Seen the Have deserted that place—about Sundown Six Indeans Came to our -Camp the Ware of the apacha nation now at Pace With the Spanierds—the -derected us to go off Emedetly Saying that the utaws Had Stolen three -Horses from our men and that [they] Wold Steel ours if We Stayed at this -place all night—We geathered up our Horses and after night moved off -about three miles and lay Without fier— - - -Wensday 1st may 1822 - -We Went down to St flander [San Fernandez de Taos] in the nibor Hood of -touse [Pueblo de Taos] and find Conl glann Is gon to stafee [Santa Fé] -We Remained Heare two days vanbebers Party Head Came In and the french -partey Is Heare all So—We now find all the Horses that ware left Heare -very Poor and the Rainge near the vilege all Eat out I then ConCluded to -take all the Horses out of the Settlement to good Rainge So as to fatten -them or the Will not be able to Cross the mountains on the first of June -as that Was the time We In tend to Set out I therefore derected them all -to be Collected and that I Wold move them In the morning.— - -We Ware Informed that Spanish army Had Returned that they Hag taken one -old Indean and Some two or three old Horses that Ware So poor the Nabeho -[Navajo] Cold not drive them up the mountains—for it appers the Went up -the Steep mountain and Role down the Rocks on their Pursurs So that the -Ware Compled to discontinu the pursute— - - -Satterday 4th may 1822 - -moved up the Crick South about five miles and Camped in the forks near -Some Hords men Ho kept a large lot of Cattle from [whom] We obtained Some -Cows milk We took With us 16 Horses—all We Cold find - - -Sunday 5th may 1822 - -Went up the East fork of the Crick about Eight miles—find the Bever -Have been all taken out by Some trapers—the mountain is High and Steep -and Croud Close to the Crick on both Sides We Returned to Camp Wheare -Barbo and Simpson Had braught Eight more horses makeing in [all] twenty -four—grass is Heare very good—the Horses Will Soon get fatt—this Evening -Cloudey With thonder and a little Rain the first We Have Seen on this -Side of the mountain - - -monday 6th may 1822 - -Clouday and a little Rain—the Horses all Collected the are all poor but -the grass is good and the Will thrive—I purchased a bull from a Spanierd -for which I gave Him my great Coat and one knife—the Beef Was Prety good -it Rained a little In the Evening - - -tusday 7th may 1822 - -Cool With flying Clouds and a little Rain Battess braught taylors mule -to Camp Which He Head Reported to Have been Stolen by the Indeans -Potter[123] Came to Camp With Conl glanns Horse He Has Returned from -Stafee— - - -Wensday 8th may 1822 - -Hard frost the Horses all presend Went down to the vilege—We Heare that -the Congrass Has Convened at maxeco—and that the Indeans Have taken a -great many Horses from this niborhood and killed Some Cattle - - -thorsday 9th may 1822 - -Hard frost In the morning and Rained a little In the Evening - - -friday 10th may 1822 - -Cool With flying Clouds and High Wind—our Horses all present - - -Satterday 11th may 1822 - -Some flying Clouds and warm In the evening - - -Sunday 12th may 1822 - -Cloudey With flying Clouds—the trees giting green the Cotten Wood leaves -Half gron [grown]—the People not yet don Sowing Wheat - - -monday 13th may 1822 - -flying Clouds and High Winds Continues Cloudey With lightning threw the -night - - -tusday 14th may 1822 - -Clouday and Rain threw the day - - -Wensday 15th may 1822 - -the Snow from 4 to 5 Inches deep—Clers up about 10 oclock and Warm the -Snow disappers in the vallys but Hangs on in the mountains - - -thorsday 16th may 1822 - -Some frost In the morning but Warm after Sun Rise - - -friday 17th may 1822 - -flying Clouds and High Winds— - - -Satterday 18th may 1822 - -flying Clouds and High Wind - - -Sunday 19th may 1822 - -Cloudey and Warm for the Season - - -monday 20th may 1822 - -High Winds and Clouds— - - -tusday 21st may 1822 - -Clouday and Cool in the morning—High Winds about 12 oclock and Continu -till Sundown— - - -Wensday 22nd may 1822 - -Clouday and Winday— - - -thorsday 23rd may 1822 - -Cloudey With thonder like for Rain—Clears off In the after noon With High -Wind - - -friday 24th may 1822 - -flying Clouds and High Wind - - -Satterday 25th may 1822 - -the Wolves maid an atackt on our Horses the Wounded one Hors and two -mules We Have maid a Strong Pen Close to Camp and Still Shut up all the -Horses at night While We Remain at this place—to protect them from the -Wolfes— - - -Sunday 26th may 1822 - -Clouday and Warm all day— - - -monday 27th 1822 - -Clouday With High Winds and thonder Several thonder gust With a little -Rain in the night— - - -tusday 28th may 1822 - -Cool With High Winds and flying Clouds—Snow Storms In the Evening—but -light— - - -Wensday 29th may 1822 - -Cool With flying Clouds We are now makeing Some araingements for our -Jurney over the mountains Some few days back Robert Fowler killed two -young White Bares and braught them to Camp - - -thorsday 30th may 1822 - -Road down to the vilege all Hands prepairing to Set out on the first day -of June for the United States—Clouday With thonder in the Evening—Some -Rain in the night—the Snow Still Continu on the High mountains— - - -Friday 31st may 1822 - -Cool With flying Clouds and High Winds—the Horses all Collected and Sent -to the vilege Except those for Robert my Self and pall—We Will go down -In the morning— - - -Satterday 1st June 1822 - -Clear With White frost We Set out Early to Join the party at the vilege -Wheare We found all Ready to Start—all So James and mcnights party from -Stafee Had Joined ours and all moved on together[124] East four miles to -the mountain—and there took up a Crick[125] north 75 East aleven miles -to the forks of the Crick Wheare We Camped for the night fine grass for -the Horses—the timber on the mountains Heare is Pitch Pine Spruce Pine -Hemlock and quakenasp the latter of Which there are vast quantityes. In -the bottoms along the Cricks Cotten Wood Black alder and Willows With the -Chock Cherry Black Curren [currant] goosbery and Wild Rose on the Hill -Sides are Some Small White oak Brush from one to fifteen feet High and I -Have Seen Some large Enof for a Hand-spike Every thing of the shrub or -tree [kinds] that Bair frute is now In full Blume—the Choack Cherry is -on[e] of the Handsomest Bushes I Have Seen and is now In full Blume— - - -Satterday 2nd June 1822 - -Hard frost our Horses much Scattered this morning and it Was late When We -Set out up the left Hand fork of the [Ferdinand] Crick - -the Hills Close In on both Sides and at about four miles We arive at the -top of the mountain[126] and Crossing over and down a small drean [drain] -about two miles to an oppen valley about two miles Wide Which We Crossed -nearly [at] Right angles pasing a Small Branch[127] about the midle of -the vally Which Runs north a little West from this We Went up a small -Branch betwen High mountains five miles to the top of the great mountain -In low gap High Peeks on both Sides of us We pased Into a large plain a -little Roleing With Some groves of trees—and Crossed Several fine Streems -of Watter—and all tho We are on a mountain—the grass Is tall and to all -apperence ther Has ben Sesnable Rains Heare as the old as Well as young -grass is tall and I think from Every apperence this Plain Wold make a -good settlement for farmers. and tho We are on a High mountain We are -not one third of the Hight of the mountain tops We pased threw this plain -about twelve miles the Watters Run Into grand Pirarie and make part of -the Kenadean [Canadian] forke of the arkensaw—after pasing this Plain We -Began to desend the mountain Which is now Well Covered With timber that -is Pine Spruce and quakenasp Pasing down the mountain We found the Rocks -very troblesom amongest Which We See a great many Indean graves. or large -Piles of loos [s]tone throne up In Heapes—about dark We got to the fut of -the mountain and about one mile farther Camped on a Crick of Bold Runing -Watter and find our Selves once more In the grand Pirarie of the arkensaw -Cors this day N 80 East 25 miles[128]—Robert Fowler killed two deer In -the mountain - - -monday 3rd June 1822 - -Set out Early and at about Seven miles pased the Head of a Small Crick -but no Watter there Is no appeerence of Rain Hear for a long time—the -ground is as dry as dust the grass not began to Sprout and Every thing -look like the dead of Winter—and Still more So When We turn our Eye to -the top of the mountain and see the Snow Which Is Still In Sight—at -twelve miles We Crosed a bold Streem[129] of Watter 30 feet Wide it Cors -South East—and at Eight miles farther We Camped on the bank of deep -Crick[130] about 20 feet Wide Runs South—on the low bottoms of this Crick -the grass begins to gro a little Heare Is much sign of Bever—Corse North -45 East 20 miles - - -tusday 4th June 1822 - -We Set out Early leaveing the mountain on our left tho Some of the Spurs -pass in frunt of us and Exstend Some distance to our Right those Spurs We -Have to Cross—and the appeer Some distance a Head at twelve miles Stoped -for dinner on a branch[131] 20 feet Wide Runs South much Sign of Bever—In -the Evening We Went up the Crick Eight miles and Camped[132] Ward killed -one Cabery our Corse this [day] North 45 E 18 [_sic_] miles - - -Wensday 5th June 1822 - -We Went up the Crick 10 miles and Stoped for dinner In the afternoon We -Went up the Crick 3 miles and Camped at a large Spring the Spanierd tells -us that If We go from this We Will Have no Watter to night Robert Fowler -killed two deer and Ward one—James & mcnight party kill one deer Heare -the men geathered Some Wild Ineons [onions]— - -the grass is a little better than Wheare We first Came Into the Pirarie -Cors No 50 East 13 miles[133] - - -thorsday 6th June 1822 - -Set out Early up the Spur of the mountain and at about one mile We arived -on a High Beed of table land about Eight miles Wide this land[134] is -leavel and Rich the grass about nee High and Has all the appeerence of -Haveing Had Seasnable Rains While in the low grounds on both Sides the -ground is as dry as dust We pased on this High land one fine Spring of -Watter We Seen two Buffelow and Some Caberey— - -We Hear for the first time Seen the long Billed Bird[135] it is about -the Size of a fesent and the Same Collor the legs and neck about like -our Common dung Hill fowls—the Bill about one foot in length and about -one Inch In deameter at the Head and Smaller at the point—We Crosed -this plind [plain] and down the mountain to a branch of the White -Bair Crick[136] Heare is good Watter and plenty of Wood—We Stoped for -dinner—after Which We move on about 10 miles farther and Camped on the -Same Branch[137] a buffelow Was killed and braught Into Camp We now leave -the main mountain at a great distance on our left and the Spur to the -Right Corse Nᵒ 20 East fifteen miles [19 by above text]. - - -friday 7th June 1822 - -Set out Early and Steered for the point of the Spur of the mountain to -our Right—at about 16 miles Stoped for dinner on a Crick Haveing one -Hole of Watter—the Ballence being [dry] for some distance after dinner -We proceded on leaveing the Spur of the mountain on the Right—and then -Steered for a Small mountain Standing By its Self and leaveing it on our -Right fel on the Head of a Branch that Was dry We Went down that about -five miles and found Watter In the night Some of the party did not Come -up till next morning— - -the Pirarie over Which We pased to day is a little Roleing but So dry for -the Want of Rain that grass is not more than one Inch and a Half long in -any place - -Cors this day north 55 East 30 miles five miles Was in the night—[138] - - -Satterday 8th June 1822 - -We did not Set out till late Waiting for the three men that lay out—the -arived about Eight oclock We then Set out and maid twenty miles—and -Camped at a Small Hole of Watter that you Cold Smell 50 yds When -Stired—for all the anemels for many miles Round Come there to drink—We -Have no Wood and Burn the Buffelow dung to Cook We are now In the oppen -World not a tree Bush or Hill of any kind to be Seen for When you take -the Eye of [off] the ground you See nothing but the Blue Horeson Cors -this day north 60 East 17 [_sic_] miles[139] Ward and McKnight killed one -Buffelow Bull— - - -Sunday 9th June 1822 - -Set out Early over the leavel Smoth Pirarie We Soon See a mound a Head in -the Pirarie for Which We Steered it bore north 30 East—We Crossed Several -Watter Corses all makeing South East but all dry We Stoped for dinner at -a Small mud Hole Whear We maid fire of the Buffelow dung and cooked our -dinner We then moved on and Camped on a Crick[140] of Clear Watter Whear -there Was Wood and good grass for the Horses—the Buffelow killed this -day Was two Poor for use and not Buchered the grass is Heare Better and -there is sign of there Haveing been Some Rain Heare lately— - -Cors north 30 East 25 miles - - -monday 10th June 1822 - -Set out Early and at three miles pased the mound[141] it Stands on the -north Side of the Crick and about two miles from it I Went to the top of -it Which Has two Heads about 70 yds apart Standing north and South of -Each other and is about two Hundred feet High and about 300 threw the -Baces the tops or Heads Consist mostly of Rocks Pilled By nature on Each -other But Has been Some What Improved by the Indeans to make it aplace -of defence as Well as place of look out—the Spanish name of the mound -tewenna—from Heare We See another Branch[142] on our left and a Cross -the main Crick another to the South all makeing a north East Corse—We -Continu on twelve miles and Stoped for dinner on the left Hand forke and -at Eight miles further Camped[143] on the main Crick a little above the -forkes the Chanel is Heare about 60 yds Wide and We Have to dig Holes In -the Sand to get Watter there being none above ground—Eaight Buffelow Was -killed this day—our Corse Nᵒ 55 East 20 miles - - -tusday 11th June 1822 - -Set out Early Crosing the Crick and leaveing it on our left Hand Steered -north 55 East at fifteen miles We See the valley of the arkensaw and on -looking [back] We Can See the mound in full vew—at twenty miles stoped -for diner on the arkensaw[144]—at an Island Covered With timber and some -trees on the South Side of the River there Is Sevral Islands Heare Some -Covered With Willow about one mile below the Island there is an old large -Cotten Wood tree Stands on a point of High land—Cheefly Composed of -gravel our Corse north 55 East 20 miles - - -11th June [continued.] - -after dinner We proceded down the River ten miles and Camped[145] on -the Bank In a grove of trees opeset an Island—the Sand Hills lay South -of Camp With Some Cotten Wood trees on them—We pased the Camp Wheare We -Slept on the fourth of november [1821] about one mile below Wheare We -Struck the River to day— - - -Wensday 12th June 1822 - -We Set out at the ushal time down the River and pasing the Camp at the -Bever Sign Where We lay on the 3rd of november last Continu to the Point -of Rocks and Hoop Wood trees—Wheare a party of Indeans appeered on Hors -back on the opeset Side of the River—We Hailed them the answered but -Wold not Come a Cross—We then Camped for the night—the Indeans moved off -and Soon after a party of White men appeered on the Same Side one of -them Came over to our Camp this Was Conl Cooppers[47] party from Boons -lick[146] on their Way to the Spanish Settlement With Some goods and -Some traps to take Bever - - -thorsday 13th June 1822 - -Set out Early pasing the french Camp at five miles and Stoped for dinner -at the Island Wheare We lodged on the 30th of october last then moved -down the River about ten miles Camped on an Island makeing 30 miles— - - -Friday 14th June 1822 - -moved on Early and Pased our Camp of the 29th octobr last—and all So -pased the Camp of the 28th and Camped opeset to an Island Wheare We Sent -the Horses for the night—this day James and party left us and Commenced -Crossing the River about 12 oclock takeing three of our Party With -them—that Was duglas Priar and [illegible[147]]—maid 25 miles - - -Satterday 15th June 1822 - -moved at Sun Rise down the River fifteen miles and Comenced Crossing -for Which purpose We used the green Hide of a buffelow Bull by Way of -a boat—Heare are Some thousands of Buffelow to be Seen at one vew—I -beleve We Have not been out of Sight of Buffelow Since We Came to the -River Except in the night and When darke So that the Hunters Have Killed -When the plased—We got on the north Side of the River and While We Ware -Sadling up the Horses James and party pased us. it may be Remarked Heare -that the River Was little more than Belly deep to the Horses. But for -feer of the quick Sand it Was thaught best take all the Bagage over In -the Boat and Send the Horses over Enty [empty] Waiding the River our -Selves and drag the boat Wheare the Watter at times Was not more than -Six Inches deep—as Soon as We Ware Readey We moved on Six miles pasing -findleys Island[148] and Camped about Half a mile below James and party— - - -Sunday 16th June 1822 - -James and Party pased us Early down the River We Steered a little north -of East to Cut off a bend of the River[149] makeing 25 miles and lay In -Sight of the timber on the River large droves of Buffelow all day In -Sight duglas and Prior Join us to day - - -monday 17th June 1822 - -moved on Early maid 25 miles and camped on the West Side of Buffelow -[Coon] Creek at the Same place Wheare We Camped on the We Camped on the -21st of octobr last—James and Party Camp Close to us—Heare We Sopose We -Cold See at one time ten thousand Buffelow - - -tusday 18th June 1822 - -We Comenced Crossing the Crick Early it being about mid Side deep to the -Horses and the Banks Steep and mudey the men Waided and Carryed over -all the Packs and then led or drove the Horses a Cross—We then moved on -about Eight miles and meet With Some Pawne Indeans—With Home [whom] We -Camped—there Was With them one of the Ietan Cheefs Who Stated that He Was -lately from Was[h]ington Cetey—In the Corse of the Evening the Indeans -Collected to the nomber of from four to five Hunderd—it is Hear proper to -mention that Capt James Had two Spanierds With Him and that Conl glann -Head two all So—but the last two Ware dresed like our Selves—but James -Spanierds Wore their own Clothing and Ware Challenged by the Indeans -as their Enemeys—a Councel Was Held Which lasted about two Hours the -Inquirey Was Whether these men Ware Spanierds if so the must be killed as -Ietan Cheef Insisted the Ware Spanierds and must be killed but the Pawne -Cheef Refused to Have them killed till He new the Ware Spanierds the two -men Ware Sot In the midle of the Councel and there Interageted but maid -no answer leting on that the did not no What Was Said to them—to Which -the had ben advised before they Ware takeing In to the Councel most of -those Indeans understand the Spanish language but Cold not git one Word -from the men the then asked Mr Roy the Inturpurter If those men Ware not -Spanierds He told the Indeans He did not kno Who the Ware that He Cold -not Speeke their langage to Which the Ietan Cheef Replyed you do not kno -thim you kno How to gave them Horses and Can tell them How to Ride and -yet you Can not Spapke to them Which is a little Strange How do you git -them to Eat or Whare did you git them We See them Ride on your Horses—to -Which mr Roy answers as followes—for it is Hear now be Com nesceery to -fib a little—that about two days back We met a party of White men going -up the River and that those men Ware With them that the Ware from St -lewis and Wanted to go back and Had Come this far With us that We Head -Some Spare Horses and that the Had got on and Road—the Pawne Cheef then -Said that Some four or five years back He Had Seen Some English men and -french men together and the Cold not talk to Each other that maybe those -Ware English men—to Which Mr Roy answered that He Cold not talk English -and did not kno these men—and So the Councel Ended the two Spanierds -Pased for English men tho the Ware nearly as Black as pall—but at all -Events the Ware Blacker than the Indeans them Selves— - -We are now on the Crick noted on the 20th of october last [Pawnee -fork.]—We Remained Heare all night but In the Evening the Indeans [s]tole -all the neck Roaps of our Horses—We then took the lash Roaps and tyed up -the Horses the Pawne Cheef Slept In our Camp—and after Some presents of -knives from Conl glann and Hors from Capt James We Head lev to proced as -Soon as We pleased In the morning— - - -Wensday 19th June 1822 - -We Set out Early the Indeans appeer frendly—We moved on about five -miles and looking behind We See the Indeans Runing after us—and all tho -We drove the Horses In a trot the Will overtake us In a few minets—We -Conclude it best to Stop and let them Come up Which Was done—We Stood -prepaired for Battle But Will Receve them frendly if We Can—now the -Inturpreter prepaired a pipe and offered them a Smoke as the Came up -Which the all axcepted of and looking amongest [us] asked Wheare the two -men Ware Which the Soposed to be Spanierds and Ware Shone them—the then -Went and Shook Hands With us all pointed us the Road Which We took and -the Indeans Went Back the Ware fourteen In nomber—We then pushed on to -the Pawne River[150] Wheare Crossed and Stoped for dinner Heare is large -Hords of Buffelow one Cow Was Killed and braught In to Camp—We moved on -In the afternoon and Went nineteen miles makeing 39 miles and Camped[151] -on the River Bank the[n] We traveled Some time In the night for feer the -Indeans Will follow and steel our Horses—James and His party did not Come -up— - - -thorsday 20th June 1822 - -We Set out Early and Steered north 60 East Intending to go Close to the -South Side of the Sand Hills as We Cannot travel threw them We Ware -detained about two Hours By a Storm of Hail and Rain after Which We Went -to a Crick[152] Wheare We found Some drift Wood and Camped for the night -makeing 20 miles Nᵒ 60 East James and party Bore off to the Right down -the River— - - -Friday 21st June 1822 - -Sot out late Some of our Horses Had gon a great distance from Camp—We -Pased Close to the Sand Hills pasing several fine Springs Runing out of -them to the South and In the Evening Camped on the little arkensaw—We -Seen James and partey this day at a great distance to our Right makeing -down the [Arkansaw] River the Cuntry threw Which We pased this day is -leavel and Rich the grass tall and Has all the appeerence of Seasnable -Rains. We Have In our openion layed down the Pawne River [= Walnut cr.] -as the line betwen the Wet and dry Weather or the long and Short grass— - -maid 30 miles north [_read_ south] 60 East[153] - - -Satterday 22nd June 1822 - -We Set out Early Crossing Several Branches[154] all Running to the Right -We Camped on a Branch of White River[155] about 20 feet Wide With High -Banks—the Pirarie this day is leavel and Rich the land Black mixed With -lime Stone—the grass So tall that In [it] is Hard on the Horses to Brake -it down—no more Buffelow to be Seen I beleve We Have left them all be -Hind and Will be Hard Run for meat— - -maid 20 miles South 65 East - - -Sunday 23rd June 1822 - -Rained Hard last night— - -We Sot out about 9 oclock Crosing three Branches[156] Runing to the South -all Well timbered Rich lime Stone land a little Roleing. We Camped on the -third Branch—no game— - -Maid 20 miles Nᵒ 80 East - -Rained all night— - - -monday 24 June 1822 - -We Sot out Early and it Soon began to Rain We maid Six miles Crossing two -Branches[157] and Camped on the Second Which is Well timbered With Walnut -Buckiey Hickory oak and Elm. the land of the Richest kind—lime Stone In -all Banks but the leave [level] land Clar of Stone— - -6 miles north 65 East - -Rained all night - - -tusday 25th June 1822 - -Set out about 10 oclock up the Branch and out at the Head of it and over -a low deviding Ridge and fell on the Head Watters of the virdegree.[158] -the land is more Roleing the Hills Higher but Rich We Camped on a Branch -Runing nearly West With Some timber Peno killed one deer - -maid 15 miles no 50 East - - -Wensday 26th June 1822 - -We Sot out Early pasing over a Rich Roleing Pirarie to a Crick[159] With -Some timber—taylor killed two deer—We maid 8 miles no 15 East It Rains -Heavely— - - -thorsday 27th June 1822 - -Set out Early Crossing five Cricks[160] all Runing South East Some -timber on all of them one twenty yds Wide the Cuntry as ushal Rich and -Roleing—Robert Fowler and Ward Each killed one deer— - -maid 15 miles N 25 East - - -Friday 28th June 1822 - -Set out Early Crossing a Crick at Six miles Runing South and at 12 -miles Cam to grand River or the Six Bull [the Neosho,[161] running] -South East Went up it about one mile Crossed over and Camped on a Crick -near the mouth this Crick Puts In on the north Side Heare Is one of the -Best trakes [tracts] of land for a settlement I Have Seen the land is -Rich and leavel Plenty of timber on the Crick as Well as all a long the -River—taylor killed one Elk—Which Was Braught to Camp We maid 12 miles no -40 East - - -Satterday 29th June 1822 - -Set out Early and at ten miles Crosed a Crick[162] 50 yds Wide part of -the Racuon fork of the osage River the Corse South East—at 14 miles -Crosed a Branch of the Same Crick—and at 22 miles Camped Without Wood—Had -no fier—the first 10 miles N 15 E the last 12 miles N 65 E the Bottoms -Has Some timber the land all Rich Rained Heavily all night With thonder -and lightning— - -22 miles the first 10 N 15 E then 12 N 65 E - - -Sunday 30th June 1822 - -last night’s Rain Wett all our Bagage as Well as the bever furr the -morning Clear We dry all our things and move on about 10 oclock—at -10 miles Crossed a Crick[163] and at Sixteen miles Crosed the osage -River[164] Wheare We left one Hors He Coud not Rais up the Bank Which -Was High and mudey—We moved out of the timber and Slept on a High point -to avoid the musketoes Ward killed one young Elk We Have Seen many Elk In -the two last days Rained Heavily all night - -maid 16 miles N 65 E - - -monday 1st July 1822 - -the last night Raised the Cricks So that We Have to leave the Waggon -[road] We fell into two days back Which Road Was maid by Becknal and -His party on their Way to the Spanish Settlement—We Hear took up a low -Ridge betwen the Branches and over a low Ridge Eight miles to a large -Crick[165] So Raised With the last night Rain that the loads on the -Horses Will git Wett If We drive them threw But the men Waid over and -Carry the Pack on their Heads—the Watter Swims the Horses—Heare is a -large Bodey of timber along this Crick and land of the Best qualety for -the Hole Cuntry is fit for Cultevation We Went Six miles In the Evening -Crossing two Crick[166] all the Watters Runs South East maid 14 miles N -20 E the timber Increses as We aproch the mesurey [Missouri] - - -tusday 2nd July 1822 - -a Heavey thonder Storm Came on in the night and Rained Hard till Sun Rise -We then Sot out and Crosing Several Small Branches[167] much Raised With -last nights Rain maid five miles and Stoped to dry our Bagage—Heare Some -Hunters Sot out to kitt meet [kill meat] Robert Fowler and Taylor Set out -In frunt to meet at the Crick a Head of Which We Cold See the timber—We -Sot out In the Evening—the gide Chaing His Corse did not meet the Hunters -We maid 12 miles and Slept on the devideing Ridge[168] betwen the oasage -[Osage] and Kensa or Caw [Kansas] Rivers—the Hunters did not Come In—We -See on our left Hand a large Bodey of timber Soposed to be on the Caw -River the Pirarie is a little Roleing and of the Richest kind of lime -Stone land We maid 17 miles N 75 East - - -thorsday [Wednesday] 3rd July 1822 - -We Sot out Early and like a Ship With out a Rudder We Steerd from South -East to north East—I Sopose the gide Was lost or did not as He Had toled -us kno Wheare He Was—In this [way] We maid twelve miles and Stoped for -noon for We Have not much to Eat tho We See many deer and Some Elk—the -two Hunters not Come up yet—We moved on In the Evening and Soon fell on -the Waggon Road We had left at the osage River this We followed ten miles -and Camped on a Crick[169] Runing north West—and We Sopose to the Caw -River—Ward killed a fatt Elk this Evening the Hunters not up— - -We maid 22 miles N 30 East - -Rich leavel land— - - -thorsday 4th July 1822 - -We Set out Early to follow the Waggon Road but Heare the Pirarie Has -Been Burned In the Spring and the grass So gron up So that We Cannot -find it—and after Winding about for about two Hours Steered N 45 East -Six miles and fell on a Road Runing nearly East and West—along Which We -took [to] the East Eand Wheare We found the Waggon tracks—a large Bodey -of timber on our left and is Shorly the mesurey or the Caw River and at -about Six miles Stoped for dinner—While Heare the lost men Came up the -Ware much Woren down there feet Sore and mogersons Woren out—We Went ten -miles In the Evening along the Road Crossing one Crick[170] Which Runs -north— - -the large Bodey of timber Still Continus on our left - -the general Corse of this Road is north Eighty East— - - -Friday 5th July 1822 - -Sot out Early and at five miles Crossing a large Crick[171] 50 yds Wide -Runs north the Bottoms and Hill Sides are Well Covered With timber—We -Heare Went up a High Steep Hill over Some Rocks and Continu over High -Roleing ground partly Covered With timber and Brush for about four miles -then six miles over Roling Pirarie to a Crick[172] Wheare We Stoped for -dinner there Is plenty of timber Heare and the gide tells us that He now -knos Wheare We are and that it is about ten miles to fort osage We Sot -out In the Evening and at three miles Came to a deep Crick[173] Wheare -the men Had to Carry the Bagage all over on their Heads and drove the -Horses threw—the Watter Was So deep that it Was over the mens Sholders -and none but the tall ones Cold Carry the Packs—We then Set out for the -fort[174] Wheare We arived about ten oClock at night but our Company Was -much Scattered Haveing Sent mr Roy and Battes forward from the Crick to -prepair Supper at the fort fore the Party—on our arivel We Called for -them but the Ware not to be found nor Cold We find any purson for Some -time but a negro man—and thonder gust Comeing—He Shewed [us] In to mr -Sibleys Porch Wheare We Spent the Ballence of the night— - - -Satterday 6th July 1822 - -Early In the morning We found mr Boggs the asistant Factor Who Shewed us -Into an Enty [empty] House In the garison—to Which We moved our Bagage. -Exspecting to Remain there till Some provetions Cold be Precured— - -the garreson at this time Was Commanded by one officer of the united -States armey—Haveing two men under His Command Both of them Haveing -disarted a few days ago and Carryed off all His amenetion—now It appeers -that mr Boggs Had not advised Him of our Removel Into the garreson nor -did We Sopose from the Shattered Setuation of Every thing We See—that -any Command of men or officer Was there But Whin He looked up In the -morning and Seeing our men and Bagage He Said to mr Boggs that He did -not like to See the gareson taken In that kind of Stile—but on Receeving -that Information from mr Boggs and the officer not Calling on us We that -[thought] Proper not to be longer In His Way and moved about two Hunderd -yds to a Spring and Camped Wheare after Some Diffequalty We Precured Some -Previtions - -It may Heare Be Remarked that. We Ware treeted Heare With more Coolness -than amongest any Indeans or Spanierds We meet With But We feel greatful -to mr Boggs for His Polightness—He in the morning Precure for us a Small -Beef—and mr Sibley Sent us Some flour and Bacon—Which With Corn meel and -Bacon We Purchased from one of the Citisons We maid out Prete Well—for -two days to Rest and Purchased two Conus [canoes] With a platform and -Shiped all our Baggage With our Selves leaveing four men to Bring on -the Enty Horses to Cortsand Ca [?]—and We proceded to St lewis—Wheare -I Remained two days and then took a pasage In the Steem Boat Calhoon -to lewisvill and from that In a Small Steem Boat to Cincinati—and got -Home[175] on the 27th day of July 1822—haveing [been] gon thirteen months -and thirteen days - - - - -FOOTNOTES - - -[1] Present name of the town which has grown up on the site of the -original military post, in Sebastian Co., Ark., about 5 m. S. W. of Van -Buren, on the right bank of the Arkansaw river, at the mouth of Poteau -river, immediately on the W. border of the State, where the river passes -from the Indian Territory into Arkansas; lat. 35° 22´ N., long. 94° -28´ W.; pop. in 1890, 11,311. The original name of the then important -frontier locality was Belle Pointe. “The site of Fort Smith was selected -by Major Long, in the fall of 1817, and called Belle Point in allusion to -its peculiar beauty. It occupies an elevated point of land, immediately -below the junction of the Arkansa and the Poteau, a small tributary from -the southwest. Agreeably to the orders of General Smith, then commanding -the 9th military department, a plan of the proposed work was submitted -to Major Bradford, at that time, and since commandant at the post, under -whose superintendence the works have been in part completed” in Sept., -1820: Long’s Exp. ii, 1823, p. 260, where description of the place -follows. - -From this starting-point our author proceeds on the direct road to the -Neosho river, vicinity of present Fort Gibson, Ind. Terr. - -[2] The common cane, _Arundinaria macrosperma_, which forms extensive -brakes. - -[3] Tahlequah or Talequah, one of several small tributaries of the -Arkansaw from the N., below the Illinois river; on which latter is the -town of Tahlequah, capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Terr., about 45 -m. N. W. of Fort Smith. - -[4] Illinois river, the largest tributary of the Arkansaw from the N. -between Fort Smith and Fort Gibson: see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 558, -and add: “The Illinois is called by the Osages, Eng-wah-con-dah or -Medicine-stone creek,” Long, ii, 1823, p. 255. Fowler crosses the -Illinois some 6 or 8 m. from its confluence with the Arkansaw. - -[5] Bean’s or Bean and Saunders’ salt works were begun in the spring -of 1820 about a mile up a small creek which flows into the Illinois at -or near the place where Fowler crosses the latter, some 6 m. from the -Arkansaw; description in Long, ii, 1823, p. 254. - -[6] The Neosho, for which see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 395, 397-401, etc. -“The _Neosho_, or _Grand_ river, better known to the hunters by the -singular designation of the _Six Bulls_,” Long, ii, 1823, p. 253. This is -a name which I missed in editing Pike. On the left bank of the Neosho, -near its mouth, is Fort Gibson, which was not in existence in 1821. - -[7] The Verdigris, Vermilion, Wasetihoge, or Wassuja river, for which see -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 400 and p. 555. Its confluence with the Arkansaw is -about the distance said in the text above that of the Neosho. For a few -miles from its mouth it forms a part of the boundary between the Cherokee -and Creek Nations, and is then crossed by the Mo., Kas. and Tex. R. R., -Gibson Station being about 7 m. N. W. of Fort Gibson. Fowler will proceed -approximately up the Verdigris for a long distance before turning more -westward to reach the Arkansaw again. - -[8] Hugh Glenn or Glen, whom Fowler calls “Glann,” is readily identified -as a well-known Indian trader of those days. “A party of men accompanying -Mr. Hugh Glen on his way from Fort Smith, to the trading house at the -mouth of the Verdigris,” Long’s Exp. 11, 1823, p. 171, with other remarks -on p. 172: “5th [Sept., 1820]. At ten o’clock we arrived at Mr. Glen’s -trading house near the Verdigris, about a mile above its confluence with -the Arkansa. We were hospitably received by the interpreter, a Frenchman, -who informed us that Mr. Glen was absent on a visit to Belle Point,” -_ibid._, p. 251. As we next discover, “Conl. Glann” commanded our present -expedition. - -[9] From the above defective list of 20 persons, taken in connection with -information regarding their names to be found further on in the book, we -arrive at the following approximately correct roster of the party: - - 1. Colonel HUGH GLENN, in command. - 2. Major JACOB FOWLER, the journalist, second in command. - 3. ROBERT FOWLER, brother of Jacob Fowler. - 4. BAPTISTE ROY, interpreter. - 5. BAPTISTE PENO (French name, no doubt misspelled). - 6. GEORGE DOUGLAS. - 7. NATHANIEL PRYOR, ex-Sergeant of Lewis and Clark’s Expedition. - 8. —— BONO (French name, no doubt misspelled, possibly Bonhomme). - 9. —— BARBO (French name, no doubt misspelled, possibly Barbu). - 10. LEWIS DAWSON (Fatally injured by a bear, Nov 13, 1821, died Nov 16). - 11. —— TAYLOR. - 12. RICHARD WALTERS. - 13. ELI WARD. - 14. JESSE VAN BIBER. - 15. —— SLOVER. - 16. —— SIMPSON. - 17. DUDLEY MAXWELL. - 18. —— FINDLEY. - 19. BAPTISTE MORAN. - 20. PAUL, a negro belonging to Jacob Fowler. - -The most interesting of the above names is that of Nathaniel Pryor, of -whose identity with the sergeant of Lewis and Clark I have no doubt: -see L. and C., ed. of 1893, p. 254, delete the query there, and add: -Nathaniel Pryor of Kentucky became an Ensign of the U. S. Army Feb -27, 1807, Second Lieutenant May 3, 1808, resigned April 1, 1810, was -appointed First Lieutenant of the 44th Inf. Aug 30, 1813, promoted to be -Captain Oct 1, 1814, and honorably discharged June 15, 1815. See also my -article, “Letters of William Clark and Nathaniel Pryor,” in Annals of -Iowa, 3d ser., Vol I, No. 8, Jan., 1895, pp. 613-620, for an account of -Ensign Pryor’s disastrous attempt to convey the Mandan chief Shahaka from -St. Louis, Mo., to the Mandan villages on the Missouri. - -[10] Indian missionaries, several of whose establishments have been -located in this vicinity. - -[11] Approximately up the Verdigris, as already indicated. The road -taken is marked on several maps I have examined. For the Osage village -in mention, see Pike, ed. of 1893, p. 557. This “Arkansaw band” of -Osages consisted of those called “Osages of the Oaks,” in Long, ii, p. -251. Their most influential man then, as in Pike’s time, was Clermont, -surnamed the “Builder of Towns,” and I suppose that the village now -called Claremore, among the Blue Mounds on the Verdigris, in the Cherokee -country, was named for him. In 1820 some of Long’s party were assured -“that Clermont had then four wives, and thirty-seven children! a number -... which may probably be attributed to this chief by mistake,” as the -narrative sagely adds. Clermont’s band are also called “Chaneers,” -_ibid._, p. 244, on the authority of Dr. Sibley. - -[12] These are the Blue Mounds mentioned in the last note. The several -“cricks,” which Fowler has spoken of crossing, are inconsiderable -tributaries of the Verdigris flowing southerly, as those called Big, -Otter, Dog, etc. - -[13] The Verdigris has been crossed from E. to W. a very few miles above -the confluence therewith of the Little Verdigris or Caney river, which -is now on Fowler’s left as he follows it up approximately, but at some -distance therefrom, on a general course about N. W. Of the series of its -small tributaries, running to his left, the one on which he camps is -perhaps Five Mile creek, or the next beyond that. - -[14] The smaller one of the main two forks of the Verdigris, running on -a general S. E. course from Kansas through the N. E. corner of Oklahoma -into the Cherokee country, and joining the Verdigris in the vicinity of -the Blue Mounds. Fowler continues up the Little Verdigris. - -[15] Some obscure tributary of the Little Verdigris, up which river -Fowler has come to a point probably not determinable from his itinerary. -On crossing the meridian of 96° W. he passed from the Indian Territory -into Oklahoma, and is now in the N. W. corner of the latter, in the Osage -Reservation, not far from the S. border of Kansas. Hence he will take -a general westerly course, through the Osage country, nearly parallel -with the Kansas border and Cherokee strip, to the Arkansaw river. I -find myself unable to trace this traverse satisfactorily, as neither -the courses nor the distances given can be relied upon. I am inclined -to think Fowler sometimes reverses the courses of streams—_i.e._, gives -them as they bear from himself, not as they flow. At any rate I cannot -identify the several streams he mentions Oct. 3-5. I suppose that, after -finishing with the watershed of the Little Verdigris, he crosses some -heads of Buck (formerly Suicide) creek, and then Beaver and Little Beaver -creeks, whose united streams enter the Arkansaw at the Kaw Agency. - -[16] Cabree or cabri—the American antelope, _Antilocapra americana_. - -[17] _Read_ Bad Saline. But this is a mistake; the Saline or Salt fork of -the Arkansaw is far from here, on the other side of the main river. Qu: -is the supposed “Bad Salean” a headwater of Buck creek? - -[18] Four questionable streams passed to-day; I suppose them to be the -Beaver creek and its tributaries already mentioned, as Fowler must cross -these to strike the Arkansaw at the only point which renders intelligible -his itinerary up this river to the Little Arkansaw at Wichita, Kas., -as given beyond. Fowler appears to be camped on Little Beaver creek, -above its junction with Beaver creek; if so, he is in the Kansas Indian -Reservation, a few miles N. of present Kaw Agency. - -[19] At a point somewhere within the present Kansas Indian Reservation, -in Oklahoma, perhaps not far from opposite the mouth of Chilocco or -Chilocky creek, a little S. of the Cherokee strip. - -[20] Apparently the stream now known as Grouse creek, which traverses -Cowley Co., Kas., on a general S. S. W. course, to fall into the Arkansaw -in the Cherokee strip, between Kansas and Oklahoma. - -[21] White or Whitewater is a former name of that stream which is now -known as Walnut creek, and on which is situated Winfield, seat of Cowley -Co., Kas. Its general course is S. through Butler and Cowley counties, -but it loops both E. and W. on approaching the Arkansaw. Fowler says that -he struck it on its W. bend, which is above the place called Arkansas -City, and if, after crossing it, he ascended it for 8 m., he proceeded -about N. W. in the direction of Winfield. - -[22] Nearly on the line between Cowley and Sumner counties, Kas. - -[23] Vicinity of Mulvane, on or near the line between Sumner and Sedgwick -counties, Kas. - -[24] At Wichita, seat of Sedgwick Co., Kas., where the Little Arkansaw -joins the Arkansaw river. - -[25] Up which the party will continue for many days. Camp to-day in -Sedgwick Co., near the border of Reno Co. - -[26] Cow creek, a considerable tributary of the Arkansaw, falling in -below Hutchinson, seat of Reno Co. See Pike, ed. of 1893, p. 424. - -[27] At or near Hutchinson, Reno Co. - -[28] The ultimate sources of Cow creek, at the mouth of which Fowler -camped on the 15th, are of course afar off. He means a source of Bull -creek, that branch of Cow creek which arises in the vicinity of Sterling, -Rice Co., and runs approx. parallel with the Arkansaw past Nickerson, -Reno Co., to join Cow creek a few miles below the latter place. - -[29] The 1700-feet contour line is quite near the S. side of the Arkansaw -for several miles along here, and crosses the river a little below -Raymond, Rice Co., while on the N. side the same contour line is as far -off as Lyons—some 11 or 12 miles. Fowler viewed the topography correctly. - -[30] At or near Ellinwood, Barton Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 425. -Fowler is fairly on the great bend of the Arkansaw, but not yet at the -place called Great Bend. - -[31] A mistake—Fowler has not yet reached the Pawnee fork of the -Arkansaw. His “paney River” is Walnut creek, near which is Great Bend, -seat of Barton Co. This identification is proven by: (1) The _west_ -course assigned for to-day, the reach from Ellinwood to Great Bend being -the only one in that direction. (2) The _walnut_ and other trees named -as growing on this stream. (3) The statement that this is the _second_ -stream crossed since leaving the Little Arkansaw—the only other one -being Cow creek of p. 19. (4) The courses and distances given beyond -for the identifiable streams crossed, namely: Pawnee fork, Coon creek, -and Mulberry creek, all of which fetch out quite right, if the present -adjustment be made, otherwise all wrong. It would be curious to know if -this is simply a blunder of Fowler’s, or if Walnut creek was once known -as “paney river”; most likely the former, as I have never met with the -present malidentification before. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 425. - -Fowler rounds the great bend, past Great Bend, and camps, as he says, 9 -m. short of the true Pawnee fork. It will be observed that he has no name -but “Red Rock” for the subsequently and long famous Pawnee Rock, which -now gives name to a station on the railroad, said to be 16 m. above Great -Bend and 13 m. below Larned. It is said to have received its name from -a fight there in May or June, 1826, when an expedition which Col. Ceran -St. Vrain had fitted out was attacked by Pawnees, and Kit Carson, then a -boy, killed his own mule by mistake for an Indian during a false alarm -the night before. “Pawnee Rock is no longer conspicuous. Its material has -been torn away both by the railroad and the settlers in the vicinity, -to build foundations for water-tanks, in the one instance, and for the -construction of their houses, barns, and sheds, in the other. Nothing -remains of the once famous landmark, its site is occupied as a cattle -corral by the owner of the claim in which it is situated,” says Inman, -Old Santa Fé Trail, 1897, pp. 404, 405. - -[32] _This_ is the Pawnee fork, which Fowler crosses at Larned, Pawnee -Co., and continues up the left bank of the Arkansaw. See Pike, ed. of -1895, p. 432. - -[33] Big Coon creek, which skirts the Arkansaw for a long distance, and -on which are Garfield, Pawnee Co., and Kinsley, Edwards Co. Camp in the -vicinity of Garfield. See Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 434, 435. - -[34] The same Big Coon creek, up which Fowler is still going, approx. -parallel with the Arkansaw. Camp in the vicinity of Kinsley, Edwards Co. - -[35] One of the forks of the same Big Coon creek. - -[36] Mulberry creek, falling into the right bank of the Arkansaw at town -of Ford, Ford Co. Here is a case in which Fowler obviously reverses the -course of a stream, giving the direction as it bears _from_ himself; N. -25° E. is about right for Mulberry creek. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 436. -This identification of Mulberry creek shows that we have fetched Fowler -correctly from the great bend, his courses and distances proving to be -near enough. - -[37] The distance given sets Fowler at or near site of present Dodge -City, seat of Ford Co., for many years the most notable point along this -portion of the river, as it still is. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 437. - -[38] Vicinity of Cimarron, Gray Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 438. - -[39] Vicinity of Ingalls, Gray Co., or rather beyond. - -[40] At some point beyond Pierceville, Finney Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 440. - -[41] Having passed Garden City, seat of Finney Co., by perhaps 8 or 10 m. - -[42] This first southing seems to indicate a start from a point where the -river reaches lat. 38° N., near the W. border of Finney Co., at about the -distance last said beyond Garden City; whence the general course of the -Arkansaw is nearly as said past Deerfield and Lakin to Hartland, Kearney -Co. The distance given from this turn of the river would bring Fowler -somewhere between the two last named places. - -[43] Chouteau’s, whose name was long borne by a large island in this -vicinity, not easy to locate exactly. If there has been but one of this -name, Chouteau’s island has floated a good many miles up and down the -river—at least, in books I have sought on the subject. Inman locates it -near Cimarron, Kas., p. 42; at the mouth of Big Sandy creek, Col., p. 75; -and his map agrees with the latter position. He says, pp. 40, 41: “As -early as 1815, Auguste P. Chouteau and his partner, with a large number -of trappers and hunters, went out to the valley of the upper Arkansas, -... The island on which Chouteau established his trading-post, and -which bears his name even to this day, is in the Arkansas River on the -boundary line of the United States and Mexico.... While occupying the -island, Chouteau and his old hunters were attacked by about three hundred -Pawnees, whom they repulsed with the loss of thirty killed and wounded.” -(Auguste P. Chouteau, b. May 9, 1786, married Sophie A. Labadie Feb. 15, -1809; d. 1839. He was the eldest son of John Pierre Chouteau, and elder -brother of Pierre Chouteau, jr., b. Jan. 19, 1789, d. Oct. 6, 1865.) - -[44] Exactly so—passing Hartland, seat of Kearney Co., and continuing 10 -m. N. 80° W. to camp near border of Kearney and Hamilton counties, nearly -in the position of Kendall, in the latter county. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 440. - -[45] Reading 4 + 6 + 6 = 16 m. to-day, and the last course W., we should -bring Fowler past Syracuse, seat of Hamilton Co., to the vicinity of -Coolidge, and thus near the boundary between Kansas and Colorado. This -lap seems to me to stretch somewhat, but such advance as I here indicate -appears to be required to adjust Fowler’s topography beyond, and bring -him correctly to Purgatory river on the 13th. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. -441. Compare also date of June 11, 1822, beyond. - -[46] Apparently that now known as Two Butte creek, from the S., falling -in nearly opposite Wild Horse or Little Sandy creek from the N., a mile -or two above Hollys, Prowers Co., Colorado. Camp 3 m. above Two Butte -creek would be about 2 m. short of the station Adana, on the A. T. and S. -F. R. R. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 442. - -[47] Past Adana, Granada, and Manville, to a point about opposite -Carlton, Prowers Co. - -[48] This large dry creek, from the N., is the Big Sandy, which falls in -about the distance said above the camp which was on the island opposite -Carlton. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443. Somewhere about the mouth of -Big Sandy creek is one of the locations of the shifty Chouteau’s island -mentioned on p. 32. - -[49] Willow creek, on which is Lamar, seat of Prowers Co. See Pike, ed. -of 1895, p. 443. - -[50] Present name the same—Mud or Muddy creek, nearly halfway between -Prowers, Bent Co., and Caddoa creek. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443. - -[51] A statement which serves to fix camp with perfect precision. The two -mounds said are both between one and two miles due W. of Caddoa, and just -the distance said W. of Caddoa creek. These isolated elevations appear -in due form on the U. S. Geological Survey map of Colorado, Lamar sheet, -near lower left-hand corner. The railroad cuts between the river and -these bluffs, but the wagon road rises over them, back of their tops. See -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 443. - -[52] Two special elevations across the river, directly in line from camp, -are respectively 3975 and 4200 feet high, and their summits just about 5 -m. apart. - -[53] Present Rule creek, quite at the distance said from the twin bluffs -at camp. - -[54] Las Cumbres Españolas—the celebrated Spanish Peaks. This is the -place where, on the 15th of Nov., 1806, Pike’s party gave “three cheers -to the Mexican mountains.” His map bears the legend: “Here the Mountains -are first seen.” It is a curious fact, now forgotten by most persons, -that the Spanish Peaks were called and supposed to be Pike’s Peak for -some time—during the years that Pike’s Peak was called James’ Peak. -Thus, Thomas J. Farnham, writing of 1839 in his Travels, New York, 1843, -p. 41, says: “Pike’s peak in the _south_west, and James’ peak in the -northwest, at sunset showed their hoary heads above the clouds that hung -around them.” Again, _ibid._, p. 42: “Sixty miles east of these mountains -[in Colorado and New Mexico], and 50 _south_ of the Arkansas, stands, -isolated on the plain, Pike’s peak, and the lesser ones that cluster -around it”—here also thus distinguishing it from James’ Peak, north of -the Arkansaw. As I have said in my edition of Pike, p. 457, where I -discuss the first application of Pike’s name to the peak which now bears -it, the date has never been exactly ascertained; and here in Farnham we -have the Spanish Peaks called by Pike’s name so late as 1839. I suppose -it will be difficult, if not impossible, to trace the proper appellation -of Pike’s Peak back of Frémont’s expedition of 1843-44. At the time I -penned my note on the subject I did not know that the misapplication -of Pike’s name to the Spanish Peaks had ever been current, and my -reference to the verbal use of the term in the 30’s may have had no other -foundation. Pike’s Peak having been first surmounted by Dr. Edwin James -and his men, at 4 p. m., July 14, 1820, was formally named James’ Peak in -Long, ii, 1823, p. 45, from Long’s MS. notes of July 15, 1820. - -[55] Fowler’s supposition is correct—this is Pike’s “1st Fork” of the -Arkansaw, Spanish Rio Purgatorio and Rio de las Animas Perdidas, French -Rivière Purgatoire, English Purgatory river, often corrupted into -Picket-wire, and also known as Las Animas river. It enters the Arkansaw -from the S. in long. 103° 10´ W., midway between Fort Lyon (across the -main stream) and the town of Las Animas, Bent Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 445. - -Fowler names Purgatory river “White Bair crick” on June 6, 1822, beyond, -from the tragic incident now about to be narrated. - -[56] Grizzly bear, _Ursus horribilis_. Lewis Dawson may not have been the -first American citizen to die and be buried in present Colorado, but I -have found no such fact of earlier date. - -[57] The first of these is Pike’s Peak; the second and third are the two -Spanish Peaks. Besides the names of these latter which I have noted on p. -40, they have also been known as Las Dos Hermanas—The Two Sisters; and -when I was in that country I sometimes heard the French names Les Tetons -and Les Mamelles. The Ute Indian name, Wahtoyah, meaning Twins, is taken -by Lewis H. Garrard as the major title of his book, otherwise The Taos -Trail, etc., Cincinnati, 1850—a boyish piece of work, but the readable -work of a very bright boy, who has much to say from personal observation -of Taos, whither Fowler is bound. He is well worth looking up in the -present connection. - -[58] Vicinity of Robinson, about on the boundary between Bent and Otero -counties, and near the site of Bent’s fort, which was a noted place for -many years. See Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 446, 447, and to authorities there -cited for description add Farnham, Travels, 1843, chap. iv, beginning p. -34. Fort William was an alternative name of the same establishment—so -called after one of the Canadian-French Bent brothers, who were William, -George, Robert, and Charles. In 1826 three of them, with Ceran St. -Vrain, built a rude stockade on the N. bank of the Arkansaw _above_ -Pueblo—perhaps halfway up to Cañon City. In 1828 they moved down below -Pueblo, and began the erection of the permanent structure called Fort -William, which was long better known as Bent’s “old” Fort. It existed -till 1852, when Col. Wm. Bent destroyed it with fire and gunpowder. He -immediately selected a new site lower down the Arkansaw, on the same (N.) -side, in the well-known locality of the Big Timbers, where he erected -Bent’s “new” fort in 1853, and used it as a trading-post till 1859, when -it was leased to the Government; Col. Bent moving to a point just above -Purgatory river for the winter of 1859-60. Next spring Bent’s place -became Fort Wise, so named for the Governor of Virginia, but in 1861 this -name was changed to Fort Lyon, in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who was -killed at the battle of Wilson’s creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. In the spring -of 1866 the river undermined this post, and it was moved to a point 20 m. -lower down, though the old post continued to be used as a stage station -by Barlow, Sanderson and Co. - -[59] Adobe and Horse creeks. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 446. - -[60] At or near La Junta, seat of Otero Co., where the Arkansaw bends a -little S. of lat. 38° N. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 447. - -[61] Present Crooked creek, a little above La Junta. See Pike, ed. of -1895, p. 447. - -[62] Timpas creek, about midway between La Junta and Rocky Ford, Otero -Co. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 448. - -[63] In the wide low bottom some 4 or 5 m. below Catlin, Otero Co., and -about twice that distance short of the Apishapa river. See Pike, ed. of -1895, p. 448. - -[64] Apishapa river, now crossed by the railroad 4½ m. above the station -Catlin, already named. Camp said to be 5 m. above this river. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 448. - -[65] This Indian camp, of which we shall hear more, appears from the -indications given to have been on the N. side of the Arkansaw, a little -over the border of Otero Co., about half way between Fowler’s last camp -and Nepesta, Pueblo Co. - -[66] Ietans—Comanches. - -[67] James Monroe, then President of the United States. - -[68] San Antonio, Tex. - -[69] Pueblo de Taos, N. M. - -[70] Major S. H. Long, whose expedition came down the Arkansaw and -Canadian rivers in 1820. The “Predesent” above said is of course -President Monroe. - -[71] To a position 2 or 3 m. beyond Nepesta, and about 5 m. short of -Huerfano river. - -[72] The Huerfano or Orphan river, falling into the Arkansaw as said, -opposite the station Booneville on the railroad. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 448, for this river, which is his “2nd Fork.” Among the mangled names -found in print are Rio Walfano of Farnham, Travels, 1843, p. 41; and, -most curious of all, Wharf creek of Long’s Exped., ii, 1823, p. 59, where -the innocent reader is informed that the Rio Huerfano “is called by the -Spaniards Wharf creek, probably from the circumstance of its washing -perpendicular precipices of moderate height”! - -[73] From camp at a point given on the 25th as 3 m. above the Huerfano, -to-day’s 5 m. would take Fowler about 3 m. short of St. Charles river. He -passes opposite the mouth of Chico creek, as duly noted on the 27th. See -Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 451. - -[74] At this point in the MS. the handwriting changes, Fowler’s giving -way to that of Colonel Glenn, who writes in a firm and clear hand. The -reader will also notice the difference in the spelling and syntax of what -now follows, to the middle of the account of Dec. 31. - -[75] At this point Fowler resumes his own pen, but Colonel Glenn’s story -continues, apparently by dictation to Fowler, to the end of the entry for -Jan. 1, 1822. - -[76] Santa Fé, N. M.—End of Colonel Glenn’s story, in Fowler’s -handwriting. - -[77] Fontaine qui Bouille of the French, Boiling Spring river or creek, -present Fountain river or creek, site of the city of Pueblo. This river -is Fontaine-qui-bouit in Frémont, Fontequebouir in Farnham, Rio Almagre -of the Spanish, and forms one of the Grand Forks of Pike. See Pike, ed. -of 1895, p. 452, etc. - -We must pause here to consider Fowler as the first settler, or at least -squatter, on the site of the future Pueblo, Col., the honor of founding -which is claimed by, and commonly conceded to, James P. Beckwourth, whose -mendacity was as illimitable as the plains over which he roamed while he -was the great chief of the Crows, and whose credit for the same was as -high as the mountains in which his adopted nation lurked. It is true that -Pike built at Pueblo a sort of stockade for the defense of his party, -but this was merely a log pen or breastwork which his men occupied Nov. -24-29, 1806, while he went on a side trip to his peak. The structure -was such as could be thrown up over night, and all trace of it speedily -disappeared. But Fowler built a habitable house and horse-corral, which -he occupied about a month, while his party were trapping, hunting, and -herding their stock in the vicinity, awaiting the appointed time to -take up the Taos Trail which Col. Glenn had already followed to Santa -Fé. The site of Pueblo does not appear to have been reoccupied in any -way that can be called settling, for 20 years after Fowler. Then the -redoubtable Jim appears upon the scene: see Leland’s ed. of Bonner’s -Life of Beckwourth, 1892, p. 383. “We reached the Arkansaw about the -first of October, 1842, where I erected a trading-post, and opened a -successful business. In a very short time I was joined by from fifteen -to twenty free trappers, with their families. We all united our labors, -and constructed an adobe fort sixty yards square. By the following spring -we had grown into quite a little settlement, and we gave it the name of -Pueblo.” In so saying, this boundless liar tells the truth—whether by -accident or design is immaterial to the substantial accuracy of what -he says. We also read further in Inman, p. 252: “The old Pueblo fort, -as nearly as can be determined now, was built as early as 1840, or not -later than 1842, and, as one authority asserts, by George Simpson and -his associates, Barclay and Doyle. Beckwourth claims to have been the -original projector of the fort, and to have given the general plan and -its name, in which I am inclined to believe he is correct; perhaps -Barclay, Doyle, and Simpson were connected with him, as he states that -there were other trappers, though he mentions no names. It was a square -fort of adobe, with circular bastions at the corners, no part of the -walls being more than eight feet high. Around the inside of the plaza, or -corral, were half a dozen small rooms inhabited by as many Indian traders -and mountain-men.” According to Fitzpatrick, in 1847 the settlement -contained about 150 men and 60 or more women, the former mostly -Missourians, French-Canadians, and Mexicans, whose wives were squaws of -various Indian tribes, together with some American Mormon women. On this -subject see also Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 453, 454, where an adobe fort is -noted. - -[78] Compare “‘tabba bone!’ which in the Shoshonee language means white -man,” Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 480. - -[79] From Pueblo, Col., to a point on the Rio San Carlos or St. Charles -river, the creek above said, which is struck a little above the -confluence of the Greenhorn branch. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 451. The -San Carlos is Pike’s “3d Fork” of the Arkansaw. - -[80] Approximately up the Greenhorn to a point near lat. 38° N. The -sources of the Greenhorn are several, flowing from the mountain of the -same name (Spanish Cuerno Verde), 12,230 or 12,341 feet high, near the -southern end of the Wet Mountain range. - -At this date Fowler duplicates the day of the week, which throws him out -till Feb. 9, when he corrects himself. But there is no break in days of -the month. - -[81] One of the sources of the Greenhorn. - -[82] Apache creek, a branch of Rio Huerfano, arising with sources of the -Greenhorn from the mountain of the latter name, and flowing eastward. - -[83] Fowler’s distances seem to me short, considering how soon he is to -make the Sangre de Cristo Pass for which he is heading, and I cannot -locate this camp exactly. But his approximate position is easily made -out. He is about to round the southern end of the Wet Mountain range, -marked by Badito Cone, where the Rio Huerfano flows out to the plains; he -will cross this river and enter upon the Sangre de Cristo range between -the Sheep mts. and the Veta mts. His position is not far from lat. 37° -45´; place called St. Mary’s in the vicinity. Fowler has come all along -at an increasing distance W. of the D. and R. G. R. R., his route being -the old “Taos Trail” which the Mexicans followed in passing from the Rio -Grande in the vicinity of Taos to the Arkansaw at or near present Pueblo, -Col. - -[84] Of the Huerfano river, which, if followed up W., would take him into -Huerfano Park, between the Wet Mountain range and the Sangre de Cristo -range. - -[85] Making the Sangre de Cristo Pass, from the watershed of the Huerfano -to that of the Rio Grande del Norte. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 492. It -may be difficult or impossible to find the record of any earlier passage -of these mountains by an American party, or indeed any previous itinerary -of the whole Taos Trail. - -[86] Sangre de Cristo creek, tributary to Trinchera creek, a branch of -the Rio Grande. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 494. - -[87] Besides the distance above given for making the pass to-day. Camp -on Sangre de Cristo creek, which flows past Fort Garland into Trinchera -creek, in the San Luis valley. That branch of the D. and R. G. R. R. -which goes through the Veta pass follows down the creek on which Fowler -is camped. - -[88] Trinchera creek. Fowler seems to have left Sangre de Cristo creek at -a point about 4 m. E. of Fort Garland. - -[89] A portion of the San Luis valley, through which the Rio Grande flows -for a great distance. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 492. - -[90] Rio Culebra, next tributary of the Rio Grande from the E. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 494. - -[91] The San Luis hills, on each side of the Rio Grande near the Rio -Culebra. - -[92] Rio Costilla, next tributary of the Rio Grande from the E. See Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 494. On reaching lat. 37° N. Fowler passes from Colorado -into New Mexico. The principal landmark is Ute peak, isolated in the -plain, a little south of the boundary and of Rio Costilla, on the E. bank -of the Rio Grande, alt. about 10,000 feet. - -[93] Apparently Colorado creek, another tributary of the Rio Grande from -the E. - -[94] San Cristobal—or the next village below, Los Montes. The “deet -guters” of the text are the arroyos which Fowler intended to call deep -gutters. - -[95] See Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 215, for a similar name of -ardent spirits, apparently the same word as _ratafia_. What Fowler -procured was aguardiente de Taos, a fiery fluid distilled at San -Fernandez from native wheat, and soon too well known as “Taos lightning.” - -[96] Baptiste Roy, the interpreter, who had gone on to Santa Fé with Col. -Glenn. - -[97] San Fernandez de Taos, the Mexican village about 2 m. from the -Indian Pueblo de Taos. Gregg states that the first white settler was a -Spaniard named Pando, _ca._ 1745. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 598. - -[98] Pueblo de Taos, the ancient seat of the Pueblo Indians of Taos, -consisting then as now of two casas grandes—great adobe buildings with -the streamlet between them. Readers who would like a little local -color here will find it well laid on in chaps. xiii-xviii of Garrard’s -Wah-to-yah. The youthful author witnessed the executions which followed -the battle of Taos in 1847. - -[99] Pueblo creek, the northern one of two main forks of Taos creek. - -[100] Square brackets in the original MS. - -[101] Square brackets in the original MS. - -[102] Cieneguilla—to be distinguished from a place of the same name S. W. -of Santa Fé. - -[103] On Feb. 12, at the mouth of Taos creek. - -[104] See back, date of Feb. 8: 14 m. from the mouth of Taos creek would -bring him about to Los Montes, but not to San Cristobal. - -[105] Fowler has come by his count 48 m. from the mouth of Taos creek, -N. along the right or W. bank of the Rio Grande, which runs in a cañon -the whole of this way. This distance is about right to take him past the -several special elevations between which and the river he passes, known -as Cerros Taoses, San Cristobal, Montoso, Chifle, and Olla; when he -reaches the low ground of which he speaks, there are a crossing of the -river, cattle ranch, etc. See Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 597, 598. - -[106] That is, from the mouth of Taos creek to present camp—and this -is about right for the vicinity of Ute peak, on the E. side of the Rio -Grande, 4 m. S. of the boundary of Colorado (lat. 37° N.). - -[107] Neither this course nor this distance would bring Fowler to the Rio -Conejos from any point on the Rio Grande to which the previous mileages -appear to have advanced him. The distance is 15 m. on an air line due N. -along the meridian of 105° 45´ from Myer’s or Colona’s ferry to the mouth -of the Rio Conejos; hence we infer that Fowler has come up the Rio Grande -further than his previous mileages would indicate. But there is no doubt, -from his description in the above interesting passage, that he is on the -Rio Conejos; and 2 m. up it would be 3 m. below Pike’s stockade of 1807, -as he says. See Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 495 and following, and p. 595. - -[108] Passing La Jara and Alamosa creeks between 4 and 6 m. from the Rio -Conejos. One of these, probably La Jara, is called Willow creek on April -28, p. 135. - -[109] The San Juan range of mountains, bounding the San Luis valley on -the W., whence the Rio Grande issues into that valley in the vicinity of -the place called Del Norte. - -[110] Fowler has fetched up against the San Juan range somewhere about -the foot of Pintada peak, whence creeks called Piedra Pintada, San -Francisco, and others, flow E. and N. into the Rio Grande. The above -“large rock” is Hanging Rock on p. 126. - -[111] In the vicinity of La Loma del Norte, Rio Grande Co. - -[112] Perhaps Wolf creek, making down from Del Norte peak, or another in -that vicinity. - -[113] This fixes the position of the party exactly. This is the South -Fork of the Rio Grande, above which the main stream comes S. E. from -Wagon Wheel Gap, for about 12 m. to the forks. Fowler’s compass points -are here far out; the Rio Grande is flowing about E. from the forks to -the plains; and the courses of the two forks _from_ their confluence -upward are, respectively, about S. W. and N. W. - -[114] Up the North Fork or main Rio Grande, in Wagon Wheel Gap, to a -point about 2 m. below the mouth of Hot Spring creek, presently mentioned -in the text. - -[115] About W. from Fowler’s present position, and much further off than -the Spaniards told him. - -[116] Santa Maria lake, about in the position indicated, if we make the -required correction of compass points. This lake is 2 or 3 m. N. E. of -San Juan City, a place on the Rio Grande in Antelope park, at the mouth -of Clear creek. The road from the Rio Grande N. W. to Lake fork of -Gunnison river skirts Santa Maria lake, and strikes the Lake fork at San -Cristobal lake. - -[117] Text obscure, but intelligible if read as above amended. The trip -was from the creek on which the party had trapped through a gap to the -Rio Grande at a point whence the Spanish road led from the river down the -west side of the San Luis valley to the Rio Conejos. - -[118] Trinchera creek, whose Sangre de Cristo branch the party descended -Feb. 4 and 5. See p. 101. - -[119] Vicinity of Fort Garland, Costilla Co., Col. - -[120] See back, date of Mar. 14, p. 126. - -[121] At p. 502 of the ed. of 1895; see also my notes at pp. 495, 496, -for this Ojo Caliente at the foot of the hill opposite Pike’s stockade on -the Rio Conejos. For the above named Willow (La Jara) creek, see back, p. -132 and p. 115, Apr. 13 and Feb. 20. - -[122] Rio Culebra, which Fowler first passed Feb. 5, on his way to Taos: -see that date, p. 101. “Snake river” translates the Spanish name, and the -“Snake Hill” of the text is that one of the San Luis hills which is near -this river, on the E. side of the Rio Grande. - -[123] New name, probably of some man who has joined the party. See June -1, p. 142, where James and McKnight’s party join. - -[124] The party start for home by a different route from that on which -they came to Taos. Crossing the mountains eastward by the Taos Pass, they -leave the watershed of the Rio Grande for that of the Arkansaw, and fetch -out of the mountains on certain headwaters of the Canadian, as noted -beyond. - -In Gregg’s Comm. of the Pra., i, 1844, p. 19 and p. 67 (quoted in Pike, -ed. of 1895, p. 437), it is stated that a party of about a dozen men, -including two named Beard and Chambers, reached Santa Fé in 1812, and -returned to the U. S. in 1822. In Inman’s Santa Fé Trail, p. 41, it is -made eight years after James Pursley’s trip that “Messrs. _McKnight_, -Beard, and Chambers, with about a dozen comrades, started with a supply -of goods across the unknown plains, and by good luck arrived safely at -Santa Fé,” where their troubles began; their wares were confiscated, and -most of them were incarcerated at Chihuahua “for almost a decade.” Inman -agrees with Gregg that Beard and Chambers reached St. Louis in 1822, and -notes that “McKnight was murdered south of the Arkansas by the Comanches -in the winter of 1822,” meaning of 1822-23. This McKnight is obviously -the man whom Fowler names. - -[125] Ferdinand creek; up this to its forks at foot of Taos Pass. - -[126] Thus making the Taos Pass, 8450 feet in altitude, and crossing -to the watershed of the Arkansaw; but still far from being out of the -mountains. - -[127] Cieneguilla creek, running N. down Moreno valley to join Moreno -creek, from the N., on which is Elizabethtown. The confluence of these -two creeks, at the foot of Little Baldy peak, forms Cimarron creek, a -tributary of the Canadian river. Moreno valley separates the Taos range -from the Cimarron range, which latter Fowler is now crossing. - -[128] About E., over the Cimarron range, passing by Black Peak, 10,900 -feet high, to camp in the plains on a tributary of Cimarron creek, a -branch of the Canadian (not to be confounded with that vastly larger -stream, the Cimarron _river_, which is a branch of the Arkansaw itself). -Cimarron creek, after issuing from the mountains, and having been joined -by Ponil creek on one side and Rayado creek on the other, falls into the -Canadian river; on it are the towns of Cimarron and Springer, Colfax Co., -N. M. - -[129] Cimarron creek, as already said. - -[130] Vermejo creek, next considerable branch of the Canadian from the W. -above Cimarron creek. It falls into the Canadian between stations Dover -and Dorsey of the A., T. and S. F. R. R. - -[131] The Canadian river itself, which Fowler appears to have struck -somewhere about the mouth of Tenaja creek, from the E. This is in the -vicinity of Maxwell’s station, a noted place in the old days of staging, -which I well remember, having arrived there at 5 p. m. of Friday, June -10, 1864. - -[132] Position uncertain—see next note. - -[133] It is impossible to ascend the Canadian river _any_ distance on -such a course, as the river is running due S. along here, after coming -E. from the mountains. Fowler was camped last night at some uncertain -point on the Canadian and on the present railroad line, which runs due N. -through Raton pass, across the boundary between New Mexico and Colorado -at 37°, and past Fisher’s peak to Trinidad, on Purgatory river. But -Fowler makes altogether too much easting for any such course as this. I -understand, after careful consideration of his meager indications, that -his “up the crick” so many miles means up the Canadian to the mouth of -Chico Rico creek, a branch from the N. E. which, if followed up, would -take him through Manco Burro Pass, between the Raton Mesa and the Chico -Rico Mesa, to a tributary of Purgatory river; but that, having gone up -Chico Rico creek to the confluence of its Una de Gato branch, he follows -up the latter to camp at the foot of the Chico Rico Mesa. In no other -way can we follow him “up a crick” continuously in anything like the -direction or to anything like the distance he gives; and that this was -the way he went will presently appear. - -[134] Chico Rico Mesa, a part of the general Raton plateau, separated -from Raton Mesa proper by the defile known as Manco Burro Pass. - -[135] He means the chaparral cock or road-runner, _Geococcyx -californianus_, though he makes its bill about six times too long. - -[136] That is to say, Purgatory river, at the mouth of which Lewis Dawson -was killed by a grizzly bear: see p. 41, Nov. 13, 1821. Fowler had no -name for this large river, excepting that it was Pike’s “1st Fork,” and -here speaks of it in terms which recall the tragedy. - -[137] Chaquaqua creek, a large branch of Purgatory river, draining N. -from Chico Rico Mesa. Crossing this mesa in the direction said, Fowler -passes at 37° the line between New Mexico and Colorado at the same place -that the Denver, Texas, and Ft. Worth R. R. does now—about long. 103° 53´ -W.—and comes down off the mesa about 5 m. due E. of Watervale, Las Animas -Co., Col. He keeps down the creek some 10 m. and camps on it, about -opposite the westernmost point of the Mesa de Maya. - -From this point Fowler makes a break, almost as straight as the crow -flies, for the Arkansaw, which he will strike at Coolidge, Kas. It is a -long distance across country, about N. E., with no exactly identifiable -landmark till we stand him on Two Buttes; and his trail does not -coincide, except approximately, with any road I can find laid down on the -best modern maps. The nearest I know of is what is called the “probable -course” of the wagon road from Cimarron to Granada, on the drainage sheet -of Hayden’s Atlas of Colorado, 1877; but the maps I go by are the later -ones of the U. S. Geological Survey, 2 m. to the inch. It is a matter of -special interest to recover this old trail as closely as possible. - -[138] A long lap in the open to a blind camp, and copy a little vitiated -by some interlineation not quite clear. But we can follow the trail -pretty closely. The “mountain to our right” is the general elevation of -the Mesa de Maya, along which Fowler passes about E. N. E., crossing -successive dry drains of tributaries of Purgatory river, all running to -his left. Rounding the extreme W. point of the Mesa said, Fowler steers -past “a small mountain standing by itself,” which appears to be, by a -singular coincidence, an isolated part of the general elevation now known -as _Fowler_ Mesa. Further on E. along the N. border of the Maya Mesa, is -the better-known Mt. Carrizo, capped by Potatoe Butte; the line between -Las Animas and Baca counties cuts this isolated elevation about lat. 37° -10´ N., and long. 103° 05´ W. Camp cannot be far from the obscure place -called Willow Spring, on one of the collateral sources of Two Butte -creek—possibly at that identical water-hole. - -[139] Passing from Las Animas Co. to camp at some indeterminable point -in Baca Co., west of Springfield. From the degree of easting made, and -what is presently said of the S. E. course of the dry washes to be passed -to-morrow, I suppose Fowler to be among the numberless and nameless -drains which make for tributaries of Cimarron river. - -[140] Two Butte creek, at a point Fowler gives as 3 m. short of the Two -Buttes whence it takes its name. Camp is still in Baca Co., but very near -the border of Prowers Co. Fowler’s “mound” above said is Two Buttes, a -conspicuous landmark, the first absolutely identifiable one we have had -for several days. The principal one of his several dry water-courses is -Bear creek, that tributary of the Cimarron which runs past Springfield. - -[141] Two Buttes, position as said with reference to Two Butte creek, and -1 m. due N. of the boundary between Baca and Prowers counties. - -[142] North Butte creek, principal fork of Two Butte creek. - -[143] On Two Butte creek, a little above the confluence of North Butte -creek, having passed from Baca Co. into Prowers Co. when opposite the Two -Buttes. If he had kept on a little further, about 4 m. below the forks, -he would have reached Butte Springs, and need not have dug for water. - -[144] Striking the Arkansaw about opposite Coolidge, in Kansas near -the border of Colorado. Camp of Nov. 4, 1821, which Fowler presently -mentions, was a mile lower down. As he says on Nov. 5 that he went 9 m. -to reach “a large crick” (Two Butte creek), he appears to have struck the -Arkansaw 8 m. below that creek—_i.e._, about opposite Coolidge, as just -said. - -[145] Vicinity of Syracuse, Hamilton Co., Kas. - -[146] No doubt Braxton Cooper, from Daniel Boone’s salt works, which were -about 4 m. from Franklin, Mo. See Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 18, -and Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 367, 570. - -[147] George Douglas, Nathaniel Pryor, and one unidentifiable man. The -blind word looks like “Rohland” or “Soulard,” but is nothing like any -name previously occurring in this MS. It must be that of some man who -joined the party at Taos, or else the missing Christian name of one of -the party mustered on p. 4. - -[148] Unidentified—named for one of the party. See back, Oct. 22, p. 26. - -[149] Hitherto Fowler has retraced his steps down the Arkansaw, and the -points passed are easily reckoned by back references. But here he leaves -the river to cut off the large bend it makes in sweeping past Ford, where -Mulberry creek comes in. For this “dry route” see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. -433, 434. - -[150] Of our author = Walnut creek, near Great Bend: see back, notes at -p. 22 and p. 23. - -[151] Vicinity of Raymond, Rice Co. - -[152] Cow creek or one of its branches; vicinity of Lyons, seat of Rice -Co. - -Fowler has left the Arkansaw and taken up a devious ’cross country route, -which is to bring him through Kansas into Missouri near Kansas City and -so on through Independence, Mo., to Fort Osage, on the Missouri river. -In 1822 the road which soon became the long famous Santa Fé caravan -route from Independence to the great bend of the Arkansaw was hardly -established. This went through Council Grove, by the most direct way -which the traders found it convenient to take. For an examination of this -route see Pike, ed. of 1895, pp. 517-522. It is interesting to note, as -showing that no such route as this had become established and well known -when Fowler went through, that he deviates widely from what would have -been his most direct and in every way most eligible line of march. As we -recover his trail we shall find it to be one now unknown, looping far to -the S. into Butler Co., then passing heads of the Verdigris, crossing the -Neosho below the mouth of the Cottonwood, and so on eastward with the -requisite northing. I regard the trail we now take up as something of an -unexpected discovery. - -[153] From any position in which last night’s camp can have been, it is -impossible to bring Fowler to the Little Arkansaw on any such course as -_N._ 60° E. 30 miles. That course and distance would take him far beyond -the Little Arkansaw, to some point about the heads of Turkey cr., N. of -McPherson. Moreover, he would never have seen the other party making down -the Arkansaw. Once more, the change I have made in reading the text is -required by what follows. He can be brought in “30” miles _S._ 60° E. to -the Little Arkansaw somewhere about the mouth of Turkey creek, in Harvey -Co. Observe that to-morrow’s course, S. 65° E., is practically in the -same direction he travels to-day. - -[154] Of the Little Arkansaw, running S.; these are the Emma creeks and -Sand creek, the latter flowing through Newton, Harvey Co. - -[155] Walnut creek—not to be confounded with the other of the same name -which joins the Arkansaw near Great Bend. This Walnut creek falls into -the Arkansaw near the border of Oklahoma, being the one called White -river by Fowler on Oct. 9 (p. 16), one of whose branches is still known -as Whitewater. Camp is on one of these, near the boundary between Harvey -and Butler counties. We now realize what a roundabout route Fowler is -taking from the great bend of the Arkansaw to Fort Osage on the Missouri, -being far S. of the regular “Santa Fé Trail” that was soon to become -established. - -[156] Of the same Walnut creek, on a course nearly E., in Butler Co. - -[157] Of the same Walnut creek—the second branch above said being the -main source of this stream, interlocking with a source of the south -fork of Cottonwood river, nearly on the line between Butler and Chase -counties. Camp about the place called Sycamore Springs, in Butler Co. - -[158] Not quite yet—Fowler has still to pass the heads of the south fork -of the Cottonwood, which he mistakes for those of the Verdigris. No head -of the Verdigris flows anything like west, as he says that branch does -on which he camps. All his indications set camp unmistakably at or near -Thurman, Chase Co., on that branch of Thurman creek which runs westerly. -This creek is joined at Matfield Green by two others, the three together -composing the south fork of the Cottonwood, running N. This is a queer -place to find a man on his way from Great Bend to Kansas City—but here he -is! - -[159] Head of Verdigris river, in Chase Co., at the distance and in the -direction said from Thurman. - -[160] The Verdigris itself and four of its collateral heads, named Camp, -Fawn, Rock, and Moon. Fowler’s trail here crosses that of Pike, who -was camped on one of these creeks Sept. 10, 1806. For the remarkable -fan-shaped leash of streamlets which compose the headwaters of the -Verdigris, see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 400. Camp in vicinity of Olpe, Lyon -Co. - -[161] The Neosho is struck at a point between Neosho Rapids and the mouth -of the Cottonwood, some 8 m. a little S. of E. from Emporia, seat of Lyon -Co. - -[162] Marais des Cygnes creek, continuation of Marais des Cygnes river, -as the main course of the Osage river in Kansas is still called, by -curious survival of the pure French phrase. This stream is struck in the -vicinity of Reading, Lyon Co., nearly on the border of Osage Co.; whence -Fowler proceeds about E. N. E. across Cherry creek, to camp on the divide -between Marais des Cygnes creek and its Salt creek branch—somewhere -between Olivet and Osage City, seat of Osage Co. - -[163] Salt creek, crossed in the vicinity of Lyndon, seat of Osage Co. - -[164] Dragoon creek of present nomenclature, considered by Fowler as the -main Osage river. It is a large stream, about the size of the Marais des -Cygnes itself, separated from the latter by Salt creek—all three of these -coming together within a mile or two of each other, in the immediate -vicinity of Quenemo, Osage Co., close to the border of Franklin Co. For -Dragoon cr., see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 520. Fowler is now nearing what -was soon to become the regular Santa Fé caravan route from Independence, -Mo., to the great bend of the Arkansaw—after having needlessly made a -great bend of his own southward from that direct line of travel. - -[165] Appanoose creek, a branch of the Marais des Cygnes which falls in -near Ottawa, seat of Franklin Co., into which Fowler has passed from -Osage Co. - -“In 1812 a Captain Becknell, who had been on a trading expedition to the -country of the Comanches in the summer of 1811, and had done remarkably -well, determined the next season to change his objective point to Santa -Fé,” says Inman, p. 38. When at or near the Caches on the Arkansaw, he -left that stream and took his party across country on the Cimarron or dry -route; but they were obliged to return, after suffering horribly from -thirst, and follow up the Arkansaw route to Taos. - -“The virtual commencement of the Santa Fé trade dates from 1822”; and in -1824 was made the first attempt to introduce wagons, etc., says Inman, p. -51. According to Gregg, a better authority, both pack animals and wagons -were used 1822-25, but after that wagons only. According to Fowler’s -passage above, we see that Becknell had taken wagons in 1822 if not -earlier; and thus the party to which Col. Marmaduke was attached, and -which reached Santa Fé with wagons in 1824, was not the first to pass -through Kansas on wheels. - -[166] One of these is Eight Mile creek, next branch of the Marais des -Cygnes, falling in near the mouth of the Appanoose, at Ottawa. As “all -the Watters runs South East,” we know that Fowler is still on the Osage -watershed, and I am inclined to set his camp on one of the heads of -Ottawa creek, some 6 m. W. of Baldwin City, Douglas Co., perhaps not far -from Willow Springs camp of the traders; for which see Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 519. - -[167] Heads of the Ottawa creek last said, especially of its East fork. -Fowler passes Baldwin City to camp on the divide between the Osage and -the Kansan waters. - -[168] Position not exactly determinable, somewhere between Baldwin City -and Edgerton, in the vicinity of Black Jack: see Pike, ed. of 1895, p. -519. The divide is here between heads of Big Bull creek, tributary to the -Osage, on the S., and heads of Captain creek, a branch of Kansas river, -on the N.—Captain creek being the first branch from the S. below the -mouth of Wakarusa creek, which latter falls into the Kansas at Eudora. -From present camp Fowler passes into the watershed of the Kansas river. - -[169] Cedar creek, a branch of Kansas river, as Fowler supposed. Camp on -it in the vicinity of Olathe, Johnson Co., Kas. See Pike, ed. of 1895, -p. 510. The direct distance is much less than “22” m.; but the party -wandered about all the morning. - -[170] Turkey creek or a branch of it; this falls into the Kansas -river within present limits of Kansas City, Mo. Camp on or near the -Kansas-Missouri line, 5 m. from where the road then crossed Big Blue -river. - -[171] Big Blue river, falling into the Missouri between Kansas City and -Independence, Jackson Co., Mo. See Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 32, -and Pike, ed. of 1895, p. 519. Fowler has just passed from “the Indian -Territory” into “the States”—that is, from Kansas into Missouri. - -[172] One of several between Big and Little Blue rivers, at or near -Independence, Mo. - -[173] Little Blue river, the Hay Cabin creek of Lewis and Clark. See ed. -of 1893, p. 31. - -[174] At Fort point, later called Sibley, on the Missouri, between -Independence and Lexington, Mo. Fort Osage was built in Sept., 1808, was -sometimes called Fort Clark, and in Fowler’s time was still an extreme -frontier establishment. See Lewis and Clark, ed. of 1893, p. 30. - -[175] Covington, Kenton Co., Ky., on the Ohio opp. Cincinnati. - - - - -INDEX. - - - A - - Adana, Col., 35, 36 - - Adobe cr., 48 - - Alamosa cr., 115 - - American antelope, 12 - - Anderson, Mrs. M. B., xxiv - - Annals of Iowa, 5 - - Antelope park, 125 - - Antilocapra americana, 12 - - Apache cr., 98 - nation, 137 - - Apishapa r., 49, 50 - - Appanoose cr. or r., 167, 168 - - Arapaho chief, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 76, 77 - - Arapaho Inds., 54, 55, 57, 59, 65, 68, 69, 78, 82, 85, 87, 92 - - Arkansas, xx, 1 - City, 16 - - Arkansaw band of Osage Inds., 6 - r., _passim_ - - Arundinaria macrosperma, 2 - - Ashland District, Ky., x - - A., T. and S. F. R. R., 35, 146 - - - B - - Baca Co., Col., 150, 151, 152, 153 - - Badito Cone, 99 - - Bad Salean or Saline r., 12 - - Baldwin City, Kas., 168, 169 - - Barbo, Barbu, ——, 4, 17, 84, 138 - - Barclay, ——, 80 - - Barlow, Sanderson and Co., 47 - - Barton Co., Kas., 22 - - Bean and Saunders’ Salt Works, 2 - - Bear cr., 152 - - Beard, ——, 143 - - Beaver cr., 11, 13 - - Becknal, Becknell, Capt., 167, 168 - - Beckwourth, James P., xxi, 79 - - Been, ——, see Bean and Saunders - - Belle Pointe, Ark., 1, 4 - - Bent, Charles, 47 - Col. William, 47 - Co., Col., 38, 41, 47 - George, 47 - Robert, 47 - - Bent’s ft., new and old, 47 - - Big Blue r., 171 - Bull cr., 169 - Coon cr., 22, 26 - cr., 8 - Sandy cr., 32, 36 - Timbers, 47 - - Black Jack, Kas., 169 - Peak, 145 - - Blue Mounds, 7, 9 - - Boggs, Mr., 172, 173 - - Boiling Spring r., 79 - - Bonhomme, ——, 4 - - Bonner, T. D., 79 - - Bono, ——, 4, 5, 69, 84, 88, 91 - - Boone, Daniel, 154 - - Boone’s lick, 154 - - Booneville Col., 68 - - Bradford, Maj., 1 - - Brush cr., x - - Buck cr., 11, 12 - - Buffalo cr., see Big Coon cr. - - Builder of Towns, 6 - - Bull cr., 21 - - Butler, 72 - Co., Kas., 16, 161, 162, 163 - - Butte Springs, 153 - - - C - - caberey, cabree, cabri, 12 - - Caches, 167 - - Caddoa, Col., 38 - cr., 38 - - Cadmus, xiv - - Calhoon, a steamboat, 173 - - California, xix - - Campbell Co., Ky., 173 - - Camp cr., 165 - - Canadian r., xx, xxii, 58, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147 - - cane, 2 - - Caney r., 8 - - Cañon City, Col., 47 - - Captain cr., 169 - - Carlton, Col., 36 - - Carson, Kit, 23 - - Catholics, 56 - - Catlin, Col., 49, 50 - - Caw r., see Kansas r. - - Cedar cr., 170 - - Cerro Chifle, 113 - Cristobal, 113 - Montoso, 113 - Cerro Olla, 113 - Taoses, 113 - - Chambers, ——, 143 - - Chaneers, 7 - - chaparral cock, 148 - - Chaquaqua cr., 149 - - Chase Co., Kas., 163, 164 - - Cherokee country, 7, 9, 11 - Nation, 2, 3 - strip, 14 - - Cherry cr., 166 - - Cheyenne Inds., 55, 59, 65 - - Chico cr., 69, 70 - Rico cr., 147 - Rico Mesa, xxi, 147, 148, 149 - - Chihuahua, Mex., 143 - - Chilocco, Chilocky cr., 14 - - Chouteau, Auguste P., 32 - John Pierre, 32 - Pierre, 32 - - Chouteau’s isl., 32, 36 - - Cieneguilla cr., 144 - N. M., 110 - - Cimarron cr., 144, 145, 146 - Kas., 29, 32, 149 - mts., 144, 145 - N. M., 145 - r., 145, 151 - route, xxi, 167 - - Cincinnati, O., 45, 174 - - Claremore, Ind. Terr., 6 - - Clark, Wm., 4, 5, 94, 103, 154, 171, 172 - - Clear cr., 125 - - Clermont, 6, 7 - - Coates, Mrs. I. C., viii, xii - - Colfax Co., N. M., 145 - - Colona’s ferry, 115 - - Colorado, xix, xx, 34, 38, 40, 41, 102, 114, 147, 149, 153 - cr., 102 - - Comanche Inds., 53, 143, 167 - - Coolidge, Kas., 34, 149, 153 - - Coon cr., 22 - - Cooper, Col. Braxton, 154 - - Cortsand Ca [?], 174 - - Costilla Co., Col., 131 - - Cottonwood r., 161, 163, 164, 165 - - Coues, Dr. E., vii - - Council Grove, Kas., xxii, 161 - - Covington, Ky., x, xii, 174 - - Cow cr., 19, 21, 22, 160 - - Cowley Co., Kas., 14, 16, 17 - - Coyner’s Lost Trappers, xix - - Creek Nation, 3 - - Crooked cr., 49 - - Crow Inds., 57, 63, 73, 74, 78, 79, 85, 92 - language, 94 - - Cuerno Verde, 97 - - Culebra cr., 136 - - Cumbres Españolas, 40 - - Cynomys ludovicianus, 23 - - - D - - Dauson, Dawson, Lewis, xx, 4, 41, 42, 148 - - Deerfield, Kas., 31 - - Del Norte, N. M., 116 - peak, 119 - r., see Rio Grande del Norte - - Denver and Rio Grande R. R., 99, 100 - - Denver, Texas and Fort Worth R. R., 149 - - Dodge City, Kas., 29 - - Dog cr., 8 - - Dorsey, N. M., 146 - - Dos Hermanas, 45 - - Douglas Co., Kas., 168 - George, 4, 10, 46, 69, 80, 83, 123, 155 - - Dover, N. M., 146 - - Doyle, ——, 80 - - Dragoon cr., 166, 167 - - Duglas, Duglass, see Douglas - - Durrett, Col. R. T., v, vii, xiii - - - E - - Edgerton, Kas., 169 - - Edwards Co., Kas., 25, 26 - - Eight Mile cr., 168 - - Elizabethtown, N. M., 144 - - Ellinwood, Kas., 22 - - Emma crs., 162 - - Emporia, Kas., 165 - - Eng-wah-con-dah cr., 2 - - Eudora, Kas., 169 - - - F - - Farnham, T. J., 40, 47, 69, 79 - - Fawn cr., 165 - - Ferdinand cr., 143, 144 - - Filson club, v, xiii - - Findley, ——, 5, 7, 24, 25, 26, 30, 61, 89, 90 - - Findley’s isl., 156 - - Finney Co., Kas., 30, 31 - - Fisher’s peak, 147 - - Fitzpatrick, Thomas, 80 - - Five Mile cr., 8 - - flax, 126 - - Fontaine qui Bouille, Fontaine-qui-bouit, Fontequebouir, 79 - - Ford Co., Kas., 28, 29, 156 - Kas., 28 - - Fort Clark, 172 - Garland, 100, 101, 131 - Gibson, 1, 2, 3 - Lyon, 41, 47 - Osage, xxi, 160, 162, 172 - point, 172 - Smith, xiv, xx, 1, 2, 4 - William, 47 - Wise, 47 - - Fountain cr. or r., 79 - - Fowler, Abigail, viii - Alexander, x - Benjamin, x - Edward, x - Jacob, introd. and _passim_ - John, x - Mesa, 150 - Robert, 4, 5, 7, 17, 43, 69, 75, 77, 81, 82, 85, 88, 90, 104, 108, - 109, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 142, 145, - 147, 165, 169 - - Franklin Co., Kas., 167 - Mo., 154 - - Frémont, J. C., 40, 79 - - Frémont’s Exp., 40 - - French, 9 - Canadians, 80 - - - G - - Garden City, Kas., 31 - - Garfield, Kas., 25 - - Garrard, Lewis H., 45, 105 - - Geococcyx californianus, 148 - - Gibson Station, Ind. Terr., 3 - - Glann, Glen, Glenn, Col. Hugh, 3, 4, 6, 7, 15, 42, 46, 53, 58, 61, - 62, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 79, 83, 84, 85, 88, 90, 94, 95, 104, - 105, 106, 137, 139, 157 - - Granada, Col., 36, 149 - - Grand Forks of Arkansaw r., 79 - Peak, 45 - r., 3, 165 - - Gray Co., Kas., 29, 30 - - Great Bend, Kas., xxii, 22, 23, 160, 162, 164 - - Greenhorn r., 96, 98 - - Gregg, Dr. Josiah, 104, 142, 168 - - grizzly bear, 41 - - Grouse cr., 14 - - Grus mexicana, 128 - - - H - - Hamilton Co., Kas., 33, 34, 154 - - Hanging Rock, 133, 134 - - Harper, F. P., xiii - - Hartland, Kas., 31, 33 - - Harvey Co., Kas., 162 - - Hay Cabin cr., 172 - - Hayden, Dr. F. V., 149 - - Henry and Thompson, ix, xiii - - Hogarth, 72 - - Hollys, Col., 35 - - Horse cr., 48 - - Hot Spring cr., xxi, 124, 125 - - Huerfano Park, 99 - r., 64, 68, 98, 99, 100 - - Hutchinson, Kas., 19, 20 - - - I - - Ietan chief, 59, 61, 62, 67, 68 - Inds., 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 63, 65, 68, 157, 158 - - Illinois r., 1, 2 - - Independence, Mo., 160, 161, 167, 171, 172 - - Indian Territory, 1, 11, 171 - - Ingalls, Kas., 30 - - Inman, Col. Henry, 23, 32, 80, 143, 167 - - - J - - Jackson Co., Mo., 171 - Gen. Andrew, 67 - - James and McKnight, 139, 142, 147 - Capt., 156, 157, 159, 160, 161 - Dr. Edwin, 40 - - James’ Peak, 40 - - Johnson Co., Kas., 170 - - - K - - Kansan waters, 169 - - Kansas, xix, xxi, 9, 11, 14, 34, 153, 160, 166, 168, 171 - City, Mo., 160, 164, 171 - Ind. Reservation, 13, 14 - Missouri line, 171 - r., xxii, 169, 170, 171 - - Kaw Agency, 11, 13 - - Kearney Co., Kas., 31, 33 - - Kendall, Kas., 33 - - Kensa r., see Kansas r. - - Kenton Co., Ky., x, 174 - - Kentucky, 5 - - Kinsley, Kas., 25, 26 - - Kiowa chief, 64, 66, 67, 68 - Inds., 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 65, 66, 68 - - - L - - Labadie, Sophie A., 32 - - La Jara cr., 115, 116, 132, 135 - - La Junta, Col., 48, 49 - - Lake fork of Gunnison r., 125 - - Lakin, Kas., 31 - - Lalande, B., xix - - La Loma del Norte, N. M., 117 - - Lamar, Col., 36, 38 - - Larned, Kas., 23, 24 - - Las Animas, Col., 41 - Co., Col., 149, 150, 151 - r., 41 - - Leland, Charles G., 79 - - Lewis and Clark, ix, xiii, 4, 5, 94, 103, 154, 171, 172 - M., 4, 5, 94, 103, 154, 171, 172 - - Lexington, Mo., 172 - - Linum perenne, 126 - - Little Arkansaw r., 13, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 162 - - Little Baldy peak, 144 - Beaver cr., 11 - Blue r., 171, 172 - Kentucky r., x - Sandy cr., 35 - Verdigris r., 8, 9, 10, 11 - - Long, Maj. S. H., xx, xxii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 40, 58, 69 - - Long’s Exp., 1, 2, 3, 4, 69 - - Los Montes, N. M., 103, 111 - - Louisville, Ky., vii, viii, xv, 174 - - Lyndon, Kas., 166 - - Lyon Co., Kas., 165, 166 - Gen. Nathaniel, 47 - - Lyons, Kas., 21, 160 - - - M - - McKnight, ——, 139, 142, 143, 147, 151 - - McPherson, Kas., 162 - - Mamelles, 45 - - Manco Burro Pass, 147, 148 - - Mandan villages, 5 - - Manville, Col., 36 - - Marais des Cygnes cr. or r., 166, 167, 168 - - Marmaduke, Col., 168 - - Matfield Green, Kas., 164 - - Maxwell, Dudley, 5, 46, 88 - - Maxwell’s Station, N. M., 146 - - Maxwill, see Maxwell, Dudley - - Medicine Stone cr., 2 - - Mesa de Maya, 149, 150 - - Mexican mts., 40 - province, 95 - - Mexicans, 80, 99 - - Mexico, xix, 32, 56 - - Miami r., xiii - - Mississippi r., xxii - - Missouri, xxii, 47, 160, 171 - Kas. and Tex. R. R., 3 - r., xix, xxii, 5, 161, 162, 168, 170, 171, 172 - - Monroe, Pres. James, 53, 58 - - Moon cr., 165 - - Moran, Baptiste, 5 - - Moreno cr., 144 - valley, 144 - - Mormon women, 80 - - Mt. Carrizo, 150 - - Mud cr., 38 - - Muddy cr., 38 - - Mulberry cr., 22, 28, 29, 156 - - Mulvane, Kas., 18 - - Myer’s ferry, 115 - - - N - - Nabeho, Navajo Inds., 123, 137 - - Neosho rapids, 165 - r., xxii, 1, 3, 161, 165 - - Nepesta, Col., 51, 65 - - New Mexico, 40, 56, 102, 147, 149 - - Newport, Ky., xi - - Newton, Kas., 162 - - New York, xi, 40 - - Nickerson, Kas., 21 - - North Butte cr., 152, 153 - Fork of the Rio Grande, 124 - - Nuttall, T., xx - - - O - - Œdipus, xv - - Ohio r., xiii, 174 - - Ojo Caliente, 135 - - Oklahoma, 9, 11, 14, 162 - - Olathe, Kas., 170 - - Olivet, Kas., 166 - - Olpe, Kas., 165 - - Orphan r., 68 - - Osage City, Kas., 166 - country, 11 - Co., Kas., 166, 167 - Inds., 2, 15, 57 - Reservation, 11 - - Osage r., 166, 169 - - Osages of the Oaks, 6 - - Osage village, 6, 7 - waters, watershed, 168, 169 - - Otero Co., Col., 47, 48, 49, 51 - - Ottawa cr., 168, 169 - Kas., 167, 168 - - Otter cr., 8 - - Ovis montana, 114 - - - P - - Paduca Inds., 54, 55, 58 - - Pall, see Paul - - Pando, ——, 104 - - Paneys, see Pawnee Inds. - - Paul, 5, 46, 82, 91, 107, 108, 117, 119, 120, 122, 142, 159 - - Pawnee Co., Kas., 24, 25 - fork, 22, 23, 24, 159 - Ind. fort, 35 - Inds., 18, 23, 32, 59, 123, 157, 158, 159 - language, 55 - r., 160, 161, see Pawnee fork - Rock, 23 - - Peno, Baptiste, 4, 5, 10, 17, 69, 90, 94, 164, 172 - - Picket-wire r., 41 - - Piedra Pintada cr., 117 - - Pierceville, Kas., 30 - - Pike’s 1st fork of Ark. r., 41, 149 - 2nd fork of Ark. r., 68 - fork of the Rio Grande, 114, 126, 129, 132, 135 - Grand Forks of the Arkansaw, 79 - Peak, 40, 45, 56 - stockade, 115, 135 - - Pike, Z. M., ix, xiii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 2, 3, 6, 19, 22, 24, 25, - 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 47, 48, 49, 50, 68, 69, 79, - 80, 96, 100, 101, 104, 115, 135, 143, 154, 156, 161, 165, 167, - 168, 169, 170, 171 - - Pintada peak, 117 - - Pitman’s cr., x - - Plains, xxii - - Platte r., 56, 63, 74 - - Ponil cr., 145 - - Potatoe Butte, 150 - - Poteau r., 1 - - Potter, ——, 139 - - prairie squirrel, 23 - - Prowers, Col., 38 - Co., Col., 35, 36, 152, 153 - - Pryer, Pryor, Nathaniel, 4, 5, 61, 155, 156 - - Pueblo, Col., xx, xxi, 47, 79, 80, 96, 99 - Co., Col., 51 - cr., 105 - de Taos, N. M., 56, 104 - Inds., 104 - - Purgatory r., xx, 34, 41, 47, 147, 148, 149, 150 - - Pursley, James, xix, 143 - - - Q - - Quenemo, Kas., 167 - - - R - - Raccoon cr., 166 - - ratafia, 103 - - Raton Mesa, 147, 148 - pass, 147 - plateau, 148 - route, xxi - - Rayado cr., 145 - - Raymond, Kas., 21, 160 - - Reading, Kas., 166 - - Red r., xxii - - Rock, Kas., 23 - - Reno Co, Kas., 19, 20, 21 - - Rice Co, Kas., 21, 160 - - Rio Almagre, 79 - Conejos, 115, 116, 129, 132, 135 - Costilla, 101, 102 - Culebra, 101, 136 - de las Animas Perdidas, 41 - Huerfano, 69, 99 - Grande Co., Col., 117 - Grande del Norte, xx, xxi, 100, 101, 102, 105, 108, 112, 114, 115, - 116, 117, 121, 125, 129, 136, 142 - Purgatorio, 41 - San Carlos, 96 - Walfano, 69 - - Rivière Purgatoire, 41 - - Robertson’s run, x - - Robinson, Col., 47 - - Rock cr., 165 - - Rocky Ford, Col., 49 - mts., xiii, xxii, 1 - - Roy, Baptiste, 4, 5, 55, 58, 71, 104, 106, 158, 159, 172 - - Rule cr., 39 - - - S - - St. Antoni, see San Antonio - Charles r., 69, 96 - Flanders, see San Fernandez de Taos - Louis, Mo., 5, 143, 173 - Mary’s, Col., 99 - Vrain, Col. Ceran, 23, 47 - - Salt cr., 166, 167 - fork of Arkansaw r., 12 - - San Antonio, Tex., 56 - Cristobal lake, 125 - Cristobal, N. M., 103, 111 - - Sand cr., 162 - - Sanders, Esther, xi - - Sanders, see Saunders - - sandhill crane, 128 - - San Fernandez de Taos, 103, 104, 137 - Francisco cr., 117 - - Sangre de Cristo cr., 100, 101, 130 - de Cristo Pass, xxi, 98, 100 - de Cristo range, 99 - - San Juan City, Col., 125 - Juan mts., xxi, 116, 117 - Luis hills, 101, 136 - Luis valley, 100, 101, 102, 116, 129 - - Santa Fé, N. M., xix, xxi, 74, 79, 104, 110, 137, 139, 142, 143, - 167, 168 - Fé route or trail, xxii, 23, 143, 161, 162, 167 - Fé trade, xxii, 168 - Maria lake, 125 - - Saunders, ——, 2 - - Scott, Frances, viii - - Sebastian Co., Ark., 1 - - Sedgwick Co., Kas., 18, 19 - - Sequoiah, xiv - - Shahaka, 5 - - Sheep mts., 99 - - Shoshone language, 94 - - Shotoes, see Chouteau’s isl. - - Sibley, Dr., 7 - Mo., 172 - Mr., 172, 173 - - Simpson, ——, 5, 61, 86, 90, 138 - George, 80 - - Six Bull or Six Bulls r., 3, 6, 165 - - Slover, ——, 5, 7, 61, 88, 90, 97, 116, 123, 126 - - Smith, Gen., 1 - - Snake Hill, 136 - Inds., 55 - r., 136 - - South Fork of Rio Grande, 121 - - Spaniards, 64, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 84, 85, 90, 94, 105, 114, 123, - 125, 126, 135, 137, 157, 158, 160 - - Spanish Inds., 56 - Peaks, 40, 45 - province, 95 - road, 91, 129 - settlement, 75, 99, 154 - - Spencer, S., xix - - Springer, N. M., 145 - - Springfield, Col., 151, 152 - - Sterling, Kas., 21 - - Suicide cr., 11 - - Sumner Co., Kas., 17, 18 - - Sycamore Springs, Kas., 163 - - Symmes, A., viii, xiii - Capt. J. C., xii - Hon. J. C., xiii - - Syracuse, Kas., 34, 154 - - - T - - tabba bone, tabebo, 94 - - taffe, see ratafia - - Tahlequah, Ind. Terr., 2 - - Tahlequah, Talequah r., 2 - - Taos cr., 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114 - lightning, 103 - mts., 144 - N. M., xxi, 45, 96, 99, 104, 109, 123, 136, 137, 142, 155, 168 - Pass 142, 143, 144 - Trail, xxi, 45, 79, 99, 100 - - Taylor, ——, 5, 61, 91, 108, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 127, 130, - 139, 165, 169 - - Tenaja cr., 146 - - Tetons, 45 - - Thurman cr., 164 - Kas., 164 - - Timpas cr., 49 - - Touse, Tows, see Taos - - Trinchera cr., 100, 101, 130, 131 - - Trinidad, Col., 147 - - Turkey cr., 162, 171 - - Twin mts., 45 - - Two Butte cr., xxi, 34, 35, 151, 152, 153 - Buttes, 149, 151, 152, 153 - Sisters, 45 - - - U - - Una de Gato cr., 147 - - United States, 17, 32, 53, 72, 95, 142, 143 - - U. S. Army, 173 - - U. S. Geological Survey, 38, 149 - - Ursus horribilis, 41 - - Ute Indians, 45, 122, 137 - peak, 102, 114 - - - V - - Vanbeber, Van Biber, Jesse, 5, 69, 82, 120, 123, 131, 132, 137 - - Van Buren, Ark., 1 - - Verdigris r., xxii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 161, 164, 165 - trail, xx - - Vermejo cr., 146 - - Vermilion r., 3 - - Veta mts., 99 - - Veta pass, 100 - - Vie, Esther de, xi - - Virdegree r., see Verdigris r. - - Virginia, 47 - - - W - - Wagon Wheel Gap, 121, 124 - - Wahtoyah, 45, 105 - - Wakarusa cr., 169 - - Walnut cr., 16, 17, 162, 163 - cr., another, 22, 23, 160, 161 - - Walters, Richard, 5, 84, 85, 86, 100, 108, 126 - - Ward, Eli, 5, 12, 46, 78, 88, 91, 123, 131, 147, 151, 167, 170 - - Warm Spring branch of Rio Conejos, 135 - - Wasetihoge r., 3 - - Washington, D. C., vii, xxiv, 157 - - Wassuja r., 3 - - Watervale, Col., 149 - - Wet mts., 97, 99 - - Wharf cr., 69 - - Whight r., see White r. - - white bear, 41 - - White Bear cr., 148 - - White r., 16, 162 - - Whitewater r., xxii, 16, 162 - - Wichita, Kas., 13, 18 - - Wild Horse cr., 35 - - Wilkinson, J. B., xx - - Williams, E., xix - - Willow cr., 36, 116, 135 - - Willow Spring, Col., 151 - Springs camp, 168 - - Wilson’s cr., 47 - - Winfield, Kas., 16 - - Wise, Gov., 47 - - Wolf cr., 119 - - Workman, J., xiv - - - - -DR. COUES’ WORKS ON WESTERN EXPLORATION. - - -Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike. - -To the Headwaters of the Mississippi River, the Interior Parts of -Louisiana, Mexico and Texas, in the years of 1805-6-7. Reprinted in full -from the original Philadelphia edition of 1810. With copious explanatory, -geographical and scientific notes to the text, a new Memoir of Pike and -an Index to the whole. By Prof. Elliott Coues, Edition limited, 3 vols., -8vo. - - 1,000 on fine book paper $10.00 net per set. - 150 on hand-made paper $20.00 net per set. - -This edition of Pike’s explorations is only second in value to -the annotated journals of Lewis & Clark, by the same editor. The -rearrangement by Dr. Coues of the appendices and other extraneous matter -adds very greatly to its value, since in the original edition even the -experienced reader has found it difficult to collate complete information -on many important topics. The volumes are an important contribution to -geographical and historical literature.—_The Nation_ (3 columns). - -On the whole, the new Pike must prove monumental. It will forever link -its author with Pike’s fame. Its map of Mississippi sources, and the -arduous voyage (of the editor) into the farthest fountains, will not let -us wonder that the Minnesota Park Commissioner styled a lakelet feeding -Itasca, Elliot Coues, and inscribed that name upon a boulder on that -utmost shore.—_American Historical Review_ (2½ pages). - -The great merit in Dr. Coues’ notes is that they preserve the history -of the localities and give credit to all the local historians and -archæologists. Dr. Coues seems to have read all of the local histories -and records, whether contained in books, pamphlets or even newspapers, -and has given the references with great painstaking. In fact, the notes -are equivalent to a bibliography.—_American Antiquarian and Oriental -Journal._ - -Dr. Coues’ new edition of “Pike’s Expeditions” is a beautiful specimen of -presswork most creditable to the taste and liberality of the publisher. -The editor has done the material portion of his work as successfully -as has the publisher, the result is a well-digested and most readable -chronicle, instead of ill-assorted bundles of information (as in the -original edition). No explorer has ever been more fully aided to express -himself through the ampler knowledges of the generations that come after -him than in this case.—_The Dial_ (2½ pages). - - -New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest. - -The Journals of Alexander Henry (Partner of the Northwest Company), with -Explorations and Life with the Fur Traders on the Red, Saskatchewan, -and Columbia Rivers, 1799-1814, now first published, with which are -collated the original unpublished manuscripts of David Thompson, Explorer -and Geographer of the Northwest Company. The whole carefully edited -with copious notes by Dr. Elliot Coues, with Maps, Index, etc. Limited -edition, 3 vols., roy. 8vo, - - 1,000 copies, fine book paper $10.00 net per set. - 100 on hand-made paper $20.00 net per set. - -Dr. Coues says of this work: “No work approaching these journals in the -scope, extent, variety and interest of its contents has appeared since -the publication in 1801 of Sir Alexander Mackenzie’s memorable voyages, -and the present work will undoubtedly take rank with that classic as a -veritable mine of accurate information.” Send for complete prospectus. - -“The exceeding value of the work lies in the fact that it is new. Not for -a long time has a book of such great historical interest been published -in this country ... it should become a cherished book in the eyes of all -those who take more than a passing interest in the early history of our -country.”—_New York Herald._ - -“The claim of the publisher that few such important books as this have -been issued recently, is a just one. The work is all that could be -desired in every way.”—_Cincinnati Commercial-Tribune._ - -“He (Dr. Coues) beheld in Henry that which he most desired to complete -his magnificent endeavor to illuminate the world of the West during the -early years of the nineteenth century.”—_The Nation._ - -“Dr. Coues’ study and research as shown in these volumes is simply -marvelous.”—_New York Tribune._ - -“It will be seen also that Henry and Thompson to a degree overlap Lewis -and Clark.”—_The Dial._ - -“The study of the Indians was his (Henry’s) life work. Here he is keenest -and most valuable.”—_Baltimore Sun._ - - - - -List of corrections made to the text - - - Page 2, removed repeated “the” (the Workes one Small Well) - - Page 17, removed repeated “and” (Rich and Well timbered) - - Page 34, removed repeated “on” (the main Chanel on the North - Side) - - Page 39, removed repeated “and” (Half a mile Wide and is offen - Crosed) - - Page 45, removed repeated “the” (Bareing of the three principle - points) - - Page 59, removed repeated “and” (He Was very frendly and - Efected) - - Page 64, removed repeated “the” (the Kiawa Cheef With His - nation) - - Page 66, removed repeated “but” (but a nomber of Squas - Interfeered) - - Page 68, removed repeated “the” (discovered the Indisposion) - - Page 89, removed repeated “found one” (found one mair Soposed - to Have been Stolen) - - Page 106, removed repeated “and” (a Capten and Sixty men) - - Page 130, removed repeated “this” (this the first We Have Seen) - - Page 136, removed repeated “the” (We Went up the Crick about - Eight miles) - - Page 137, removed repeated “to” (Will not be able to Cross the - mountains) - - Page 142, removed repeated “Except” (Except those for Robert) - - Page 151, removed repeated “of” (of Clear Watter) - - Page 167, removed repeated “the” (to avoid the musketoes) - - Footnote 9, changed, ironically, “mispelled” to “misspelled” - (French name, no doubt misspelled) - - Index, changed “Buffelo cr.” to “Buffalo cr.” - - Index, changed “Mulberrry” to “Mulberry” - - Index, changed “tabbe bone, tabeo” to “tabba bone, tabebo” - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Journal of Jacob Fowler, by Jacob Fowler - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JACOB FOWLER *** - -***** This file should be named 62018-0.txt or 62018-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/0/1/62018/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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