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} -.author { text-align:right; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; display:block; } - -dl.biblio dt { margin-top:.6em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt div { display:block; float:left; margin-left:-6em; width:6em; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -dl.biblio dd { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; } -p.biblio { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -.clear { clear:both; } -p.book { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.review { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:4.7em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Iowa Ornithologist, Volume 2, No. 2, -January 1896, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Iowa Ornithologist, Volume 2, No. 2, January 1896 - For the Student of Birds - -Author: Various - -Editor: David L. Savage - -Release Date: February 13, 2020 [EBook #61391] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IOWA ORNITHOLOGIST, JANUARY 1896 *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Iowa Ornithologist, Vol. 2, No. 2, January 1896" width="500" height="704" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_i">i</div> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="537" /> -<p class="pcap"><b>PINTAIL. -<br /><i>Dafila acuta.</i></b></p> -</div> -<h1>The Iowa Ornithologist -<br /><span class="smallest">Vol. 2.<span class="hst"> Salem, Ia., January 1896.</span><span class="hst"> No. 2.</span></span></h1> -<div class="pb" id="Page_31">31</div> -<h1 title="">Sea Birds That Visit Iowa.</h1> -<p class="center smaller">FRANK H. SHOEMAKER, HAMPTON, IA.</p> -<p class="center">Paper read before the First Congress of I. O. A.</p> -<p>Under this heading I have -considered the species of -four orders—Pygopodes, Longipennes, -Steganopodes and Anseres. -This is indeed an inexact -classification of “sea birds,” but -will meet the requirements of the -subject in this case. The order -Anseres is probably as a whole -the least entitled to a position -under the general heading, but -owing to the maritime habits of -many of the species the entire -order is included.</p> -<p>The following list is essentially -a compilation, since my residence -within the state has been -too far removed from watercourses -or lakes to furnish opportunity -for personal observation. -My chief authority throughout -is the Report on Bird Migration -in the Mississippi Valley -during the years 1884 and 1885. -Frequent reference is made also -to a list of the birds of Iowa, -compiled by J. A. Allen, constituting -Appendix B in Vol. II of -the State Geological Survey of -1870. No more than a passing -mention of species can be made -at this time.</p> -<p>The order Pygopodes has five -representatives in this state—three -grebes and two loons. Holbœll’s -Grebe is a species of northern -regions, coming south in winter -occasionally to the upper portions -of the Mississippi Valley. -The Horned Grebe is an allied -species, more common than the -former, though not abundant; it -is occasional in Iowa as a migrant, -but it is doubtful if it ever -winters in any part of the state. -The Pied-billed Grebe, popularly -known by a more forcible as well -as a more fittingly descriptive -name, occurs in all parts of the -state as a summer resident, nesting -quite commonly, though its -eggs seldom appear in the cabinets -of those who do not know -the peculiar nesting habits.</p> -<p>The family Urinatoridæ is represented -by two species: the -Loon proper, Urinator imber, -and its ally, the Red-throated -Loon. The former is the more -common variety, inasmuch as it -nests in the north and appears -regularly during migrations, while -the latter variety, the Red-throated -<span class="pb" id="Page_32">32</span> -Loon, is a distinctively northern -species, and appears only -during the winter, very irregularly. -Three years ago I saw a flock -of Red-throated Loons on a small -lake in Franklin county, and after -a long detour and much careful -crawling in a layer of snow -and mud, succeeded in approaching -near enough to secure two of -the birds at one shot. This is -the only time I have found loons -of either variety in a flock; the -class is not gregarious and I -would not be convinced of the -identity until I had the birds -where I could compare with description.</p> -<p>The order Longipennes has ten -representatives in Iowa, four of -the species being gulls and six -terns. The Great Black-backed -Gull is mentioned by Allen as a -rare migrant occurring within our -borders. It is probable that none -have been seen within recent -years. The Herring Gull migrates -over nearly all of the -Mississippi Valley. Franklin’s -Gull breeds from southern Minnesota -northward, passing through -Iowa during migration, but is not -a common variety. Bonaparte’s -Gull is strictly northern in its -nidification, wintering on the -gulf coast and traversing Iowa -during migrations. The Gull-billed -Tern is chiefly a coast bird -breeding on the Gulf of Mexico, -but is occasionally reported from -the various portions of the Mississippi -Valley. The Caspian Tern -was taken by J. W. Preston in -central Iowa, but should probably -be considered as a straggler. -It is an irregularly distributed -species and is found chiefly along -the gulf coast. Forster’s Tern is -a common variety in northern -Iowa, and is generally distributed -over the state as a summer -resident, wintering on the coast. -The Common Tern, according to -Mr. Preston before quoted, has -been taken in Central Iowa. The -Least Tern, while chiefly coastwise -in its habitat, is occasionally -found in various parts of the -Mississippi Valley. I do not -know at what place nor at what -season specimens have been taken -in Iowa, but Mr. Allen names -it in his list. The Black Tern is -the most common of the class -with us as a summer resident.</p> -<p>Of the Steganopodes there are -two species. The Double-crested -Cormorant winters south and -is common during migrations. I -have taken several specimens in -Franklin county. The American -White Pelican winters in the gulf -states and passes through Iowa to -its breeding place in the north.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div> -<p>The order Anseres has thirty -species which have been taken in -Iowa. The fish-eating ducks -have three representatives, the -American, Red-breasted, and -Hooded Mergansers, all of which -I have seen in Franklin county. -The American Merganser winters -south and nests north, passing -through Iowa as a migrant, one -of the earliest. The Red-breasted -Merganser is said to be an occasional -winter resident in favored -portions of the state, but is -more common as a migrant. The -Hooded Merganser is a hardier -species than the former, wintering -further north, though not frequently -in Iowa, owing to the -freezing of almost all the water -courses.</p> -<p>The Mallard is an early and -abundant migrant. The Black -Duck is chiefly an eastern species, -seldom found west of the Mississippi -River, but according to the -Report on Bird Migration it has -been known to breed in Iowa. -The Gadwall migrates in great -numbers to congregate on the -gulf coast, but is said to winter -in some parts of Illinois and possibly -in Iowa. The Baldpate -ranges all over North America, -wintering far south. The Green-winged -Teal breeds chiefly above -the United States border, but is -a common migrant. The Blue-winged -Teal nests further south, -sometimes in this state. The -Shoveller breeds from Minnesota -northward, migrating commonly -through Iowa.</p> -<p>The Pintail, the subject of our -frontispiece, is an early migrant, -but unlike the greater number of -the ducks which migrate first it -does not nest exclusively in the -far northwest. It is a common -breeder at Heron Lake, Minn., -and at Spirit Lake, Iowa, and -has been known to nest in portions -of Illinois. The Wood Duck -is a summer resident throughout -the Mississippi Valley. The Red-head -is a common migrant, its -range being almost identical with -that of the Pintail. The Canvass-back -is known to breed at -Heron Lake, but I have seen no -Iowa record. The Blue-bill and -Lesser Blue-bill, or Scaup, ducks -occur chiefly as migrants, but -are summer residents in the -northern part of Iowa, there being -several records of nesting at -Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo -county. The Ring-neck also has -been found breeding there, this -being the most southern record -of its nesting. It is, of course, -chiefly a migrant. The Golden-eye -breeds north of Iowa, our -only notes on the species classing -<span class="pb" id="Page_34">34</span> -it a migrant and rare. The -Bufflehead is chiefly a migrant, -but is a summer resident in the -northern part of the state. The -nesting has been noted at Clear -and Spirit Lakes. The Harlequin -Duck is one concerning -which I find no definite Iowa -notes, but on the strength of Mr. -Allen’s list it may be named as a -winter visitor. The Black Scoter -is another species concerning -which specific notes are wanting, -but it is mentioned by the same -authority. There is a record of -the Surf Scoter at LaPorte, accredited -to G. D. Peck in the Report -on Bird Migration. The -Ruddy Duck is a migrant, according -to Allen.</p> -<p>Among the geese, we have the -Blue Goose, a regular migrant, -which breeds on Hudson’s Bay; -the Lesser Snow Goose, a regular -migrant, chiefly following the -rivers; the White-fronted Goose, -which is known as a migrant in -all parts of the Mississippi Valley -north of southern Illinois, where -it has been known to winter; the -Canada Goose, the best known -of the Anseres; and the Brant, -which occurs as a migrant. The -last named is so uniformly confounded -with the Lesser Snow -Goose that reports on the species -are very likely to be inaccurate.</p> -<p>The two varieties of Swans, -the Whistling and Trumpeter -Swans, occur in Iowa. According -to the Report on Bird Migration, -the Trumpeter Swan has -been found nesting near Newton, -Iowa. The Whistling Swan is -named on the authority of Mr. -Allen’s list.</p> -<hr /> -<p><span class="sc">Note</span>—During the discussion -which followed the reading of the -paper, Mr. Morton E. Peck reported -the occurrence of the -Ring-billed Gull and the Man-’o-War -Bird at LaPorte, his home -place. Mention was made also -of the Least Tern, the species -having been seen in Winnebago -county.</p> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">The Protection of Our Birds.</span></h2> -<p class="center smaller">WILLIAM W. LOOMIS, CLERMONT, IOWA.</p> -<p class="center">Paper read before the First Congress of I. O. A.</p> -<p>The question how to prevent -the depopulation of our -feathered friends is beginning to -be agitated by many ornithologists -and it might be well for us -to spend a few moments in discussing -the problem. For convenience -sake let us consider the -subject under three heads: Are -birds useful? Is there an unnecessary -<span class="pb" id="Page_35">35</span> -destruction of them? -And if so, how can they be protected?</p> -<p>I am sure that nearly everyone -enjoys listening to the song birds, -but here in America we often do -not consider the beauty of anything -or the pleasure it furnishes, -as much as the dollars and cents -it produces or saves. So the first -thing to be decided is, are birds, -financially speaking, beneficial? -A recent number of the Youth’s -Companion had an article on the -protection of birds. It says “We -have thirty species of insects -which subsist on our common -garden vegetables and our apple -orchards have fifty kinds of insect -enemies.” It then names -the birds that are making steady -warfare against the pests, and -adds, “The estimated annual destruction -of crops by insects in the -United States is more than four -hundred millions of dollars.” -Now the more birds that are killed, -the greater becomes the damage -done by vermin, and it is -plain to be seen that if the birds -were allowed to multiply it would -not be long before they would -save to the United States this -four hundred million dollars. -Would not this be a benefit?</p> -<p>Concerning the usefulness of -birds many persons, especially -culturists, seem to have erroneous -ideas. Every farmer keeps -one or more cats to rid his buildings -of rats and mice, and he -willingly compensates them for -their services by giving them a -liberal supply of food; but many -of these estimable men fairly get -beside themselves if a hawk robs -them of a chicken. Now I claim -that the hawks kill enough noxious -animals to more than recompense -them for the loss of -their chickens. To sustain this -statement let me refer you to the -time when the legislature of -Pennsylvania passed the “Scalp -Act.” This act placed a bounty -of fifty cents on every hawk and -owl that was killed. What was -the result? Well, in eighteen -months the state paid out no less -than ninety thousand dollars in -cash and saved to the farmers -one thousand, eight hundred and -seventy-one dollars in chickens.</p> -<p>This made eighteen dollars -apiece for every chicken that was -saved. Rather expensive poultry. -But this was not the worst, -for as fast as the hawks and owls -decreased, the rodents and other -pernicious animals increased, and -that year the loss of crops which -the department of agriculture attributed -to the excessive number -of injurious animals was estimated -<span class="pb" id="Page_36">36</span> -to be about two million dollars. -Does this not prove that the raptores -as a class are beneficial?</p> -<p>The robin is a bird that has incurred -the enmity of gardeners. -The horticulturists near Boston -sent a petition to the legislature -requesting that the robin be taken -from the list of protected birds. -An investigating committee was -appointed who found by examining -robins’ stomachs that nine-tenths -of its food consists of an -injurious larvæ, proving beyond all -doubt that the bird was a great -benefactor.</p> -<p>A gentleman from Michigan -who signs himself “Amicus -Avium” has given special attention -to the phœbe and has estimated -the amount that this bird -annually saves the state. One -pair of birds from March 15th to -October 1st, rears two broods or -ten birds. Each bird eats thirty -insects an hour eight hours a day. -The gentleman then finds the entire -number of insects destroyed -and estimates that if they were -permitted to live, each one would -do one-thousandth of a cent damage -to fruit, grain or lumber. -Allowing one and a half pair of -birds for every square mile in the -state, would make a saving of -over three and one-fourth million -dollars.</p> -<p>I have dealt with only a few -species, but have tried to select -those that deal with the entire -feathered tribe.</p> -<p>Now if we grant that birds are -useful, let us turn to the second -head of our subject.</p> -<p>No one wishes to leave the forests -and prairies in their primitive -condition for the sake of the -birds, even when he knows the -progress of civilization has caused -and will continue to cause a decrease -in American bird population. -We know that there were -the same avicular cannibals before -the advent of the white man, -as there are to-day, but it will -take a long time before the hawks -or blue jays or cow birds can exterminate -a single species. It is -of greater evil-workers that I -wish to speak.</p> -<p>First is the English Sparrow. -These disreputable Britons were -brought here to destroy the span-worm, -and they must be credited -with having done their work well. -A limited number might be a -good thing, but surely their introduction -has proved a case where -“remedy is worse than disease.” -A few years ago these birds were -sold for four dollars a pair, and -now I do not know but what one -could be supplied with them at -four cents a pair, so rapidly have -<span class="pb" id="Page_37">37</span> -they increased. These foreigners -are of such a quarrelsome and -pugnacious nature that the native -songsters have had to retreat -from place to place before them. -And now our feathered friends -are far from their favorite haunts, -and greatly reduced in numbers; -unless a helping hand is given -they will be compelled to follow -in the footsteps of the Great Auk. -Of course we have no statistics -to show the number of birds that -the sparrow destroys, but it is -evident to the observer that unless -war is declared against him, -we must say good-bye to many of -our native songsters.</p> -<p>Many birds are used every -year to supply the demand of -fashion. Mr. A. J. Allen claims -that there are ten million American -women of a “bird wearing -age and proclivity,” and that it -takes five million perfect birds to -supply them. The greater number -of these are killed during the -breeding season and someone, I -do not know who, will have to -answer for the hundreds of little -birds that are left in the nest and -allowed to starve to death. Let -us count one little bird for each -pair of old ones, this will make -two and a half million. (Now -some will say that this is too -many. Certainly! Not near all -are breeding, but all that are, -have from one to six to a dozen -offspring.) This makes in all -seven million, five hundred thousand -birds that are annually used -to decorate hats and bonnets. -Wholesale dealers count one hundred -birds to the bushel. This -would make seventy-five thousand -bushels, or more than enough -to fill ninety-three box cars. It -is difficult for the mind to conceive -of such vast numbers of -birds, and to think that they are -used for what seems to us, a -worse than useless purpose. But -what arouses the greatest indignation -in the lover of birds, is to see -these same feather-bedecked -women go to Sunday School, get -up before a class of boys or girls -and say, “You mustn’t rob birds’ -nests, because it is wicked and -only bad boys do that.” It is -to be hoped that the “New -Woman” will bring with her new -and better ideas for decorating -her head-gear.</p> -<p>Other destroyers of birds are -the Great American Egg Hogs—the -imitation naturalists who -cover up their crimes with a veil -they call science. These might -be divided into two classes; those -who collect for mercenary purposes -and those who collect simply -to amass a great variety of -<span class="pb" id="Page_38">38</span> -birds and eggs. Then we find a -sub-class, those who are always -collecting and have not time to -study just then, but expect to do -that after awhile. Why it is that -these persons collect so many -birds and eggs of the same species -is a mystery. One complains -about his hard luck, saying he -got only one hundred eggs all -day, one brags about taking one -hundred and seventy-five eggs of -a rare bird; another boasts about -“scooping” as he called it, one -hundred and twenty dozen in one -day. What is the object of this -wholesale destruction?</p> -<p>If it were permissible for me -to criticize so eminent a naturalist -as Dr. Coues, I would say I -do not agree with him. He says -in his “Key,” “How many -birds of the same kind do you -want? All you can get. At least -from fifty to one hundred, and -more of the commoner varieties.” -That is all right for colleges and -museums, where there are many -persons to examine the specimens, -but not for the private collector. -I am afraid that the worthy gentleman -himself would soon object -if each of the several thousand -collectors in the United -States would follow his advice. -It is difficult to see how he expects -to advance science so much -more by his one hundred stuffed -birds than by the student who -goes out and takes notes from -life. I will quote from Emerson, -“The bird is not in its ounces and -inches, but in its relation to -nature, and the skin or skeleton -you show me is no more a heron, -than a heap of ashes or a bottle -of gases into which his body has -been reduced, is Dante or Washington.” -We cannot tell about -the character or habits of a person -by examining his body after -he is dead and embalmed, yet it -is by preserved specimens of birds -that the worthy gentleman attempts -to work. What is needed is -more students and less collectors.</p> -<p>We all know of the great -damage done by the pot hunters -and the small boy who robs nests -and kills birds “just for fun,” but -this can be remedied by proper -laws. It is the question of how -to protect the birds against other -enemies, that we are to discuss.</p> -<p>What is to be done with the -English Sparrow? One man -suggests that if every collector -would invest in an air-rifle and -use it on them it would reduce -their numbers. This might help, -but I am afraid that it would take -more air and patience than could -be found. Out of the many ways -which have been suggested, the -<span class="pb" id="Page_39">39</span> -only feasible one—at least in my -mind—it now employed by a few -of the states, paying a bounty on -the pests.</p> -<p>To prevent or rather change -the fashion for wearing birds, -some advocate legislative action -against hats trimmed with feathers. -It is a question in my mind -whether such a course would -prove feasible, for the ladies have -as much right to use the birds -that way as some of our collectors -have to hoard them away in -their cabinets. It is quite generally -agreed that the only way -is to appeal to the better nature -of the ladies and trust them to -put away the fashion and take -up something more in keeping -with the close of the nineteenth -century. Many ways are suggested -for bringing the subject -before the public. One is by -placing placards in street cars, -another is by distributing slips in -churches, on which are printed a -few statistics showing the number -of birds that it takes to supply -the demand, etc.</p> -<p>The next and most difficult -question to solve is how to convince -the farmer that he is injuring -himself every time he kills an -owl or robin or the other birds -that he probably believes to be -his enemies. Now we all know -that there are some “black sheep” -among the birds. It seems to me -that one of the objects of our -association is to point out to the -farmer just which these “black -sheep” are. It is perfectly natural -and right for a man to protect -his property, and even if he -knows that many of the raptores -are beneficial, he does not like to -have them take his poultry. I -do not know how to prevent the -hawks from taking toll for their -work, but if the farmers would -build respectable chicken-coops, -they would not be troubled with -owls, for they being nocturnal are -not out until the chickens have -gone to roost and it is only the -farmer who allows his poultry to -sleep in trees that suffers, and we -might say in the words of the -small boy, “It’s just good enough -for him.”</p> -<p>Finally, I would say that the -only way to preserve our birds is -to present facts to the people -showing them the true character -of each bird. They can then -distinguish how the <span class="g">birds</span> -should be treated, protecting -their friends and destroying their -enemies.</p> -<p>Thus by awakening the farmer -to his own interests, securing -needful laws, and with a never-ceasing -warfare against the -<span class="pb" id="Page_40">40</span> -pseudo-naturalists and English -Sparrow, we may in time hope to -recall to their own homes, our -favorite friends, the pursued and -persecuted birds. As they return -to our door yards and take up -life as in the days of yore, we -will become better acquainted and -realize more fully their great mission -in this world.</p> -<p>This return will serve as a -death warrant to the avaricious -collector and as an impetus to the -student who devotes his life to -the exploration of the characters -and habits of these, the favorites -of nature.</p> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small">Notes on the Birds of Iowa.</span></h2> -<p class="center smaller">JOHN V. CRONE, MARATHON, IOWA, COMPILER.</p> -<p>The Vireonidæ, our family for -special study this quarter, is -quite well represented in Iowa, -the reports embracing definite -notes from sixteen counties, and -upon seven different species. No -doubt the notes would have been -more profuse were it not for the -fact that ornithologists are somewhat -tardy in becoming acquainted -with the different varieties of -our smaller birds.</p> -<h4><i>624. Vireo olivaceus. (Linn.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">RED-EYED VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>The Red-eyed Greenlet is of -wide distribution, not being confined -to the U. S.</p> -<p>In Iowa it appears to be quite -generally found. However, the -notes show a dearth of either the -birds or enthusiastic ornithologists -in the west and northwest -portions of the state, since it is -reported from only one county,—Pottawattamie—in -that region, -while there are profuse notes on -the species from fifteen in the -eastern and central parts.</p> -<p>It arrives in the state in late -April and early May, breeds during -late May and all of June and -leaves during the latter part of -August or September.</p> -<p>It is a more numerous migrant -than summer resident; but is not -rare by any means during the -breeding season, being reported -as “common” or “abundant” by -nearly all who mention the numbers -found through the period of -nidification. Assuming all those -who reported on the species to be -equally versed in our favorite -science, the numbers vary considerably -with locality. Most -likely this is due to the topography -of the country in question.</p> -<p>The nest is pensile—a trite -statement to most lovers of birds, -<span class="pb" id="Page_41">41</span> -yet new to some of our readers -perhaps—and is a beautiful and -interesting structure. The site -varies considerably in elevation -as will be seen from the following -quotations: “under thirty feet -in elm and ash trees;” “swung -from the low branch of some -bush or tree, between five and -ten feet from the ground;” “low -branches of large trees or near -the tops of saplings;” “near -ground between five and twenty -feet up;” “lowest limb of maple -tree, seven feet up;” “suspended -from the fork of a slender limb, -usually a few feet up; sometimes -quite high;” “almost any height -from the ground.”</p> -<p>The “little basket” is “deeper -and narrower than that of V. -gilvus.” It is “built of interwoven -vegetable materials, hempen -fibers and the soft inner bark -of trees,” a preference being noticed -by Mr. Shoemaker for the -inner bark of the dead elm and -ash. Mr. Giddings reports a -nest “composed of grass, pieces -of hornet’s nests and spider webs. -The hornet’s nest had furnished -fully one-half of all the nest. It -was lined with hair and fine grass.” -Another nest described by Mr. D. -L. Savage, was “composed of -fibers from the milkweed. Grass -and cobwebs were profusely used -on the outside.” It was “pensile -and cup-shaped and lined -with reddish fibers.”</p> -<p>The worst that can be gleaned -from the reports on our little -Greenlet is, that it, innocently and -unwittingly no doubt, helps to -sustain that despicable pest, the -Cowbird.</p> -<p>Mr. D. L. Savage and Mr. -Law each report sets of ¼ V. olivaceous -and 1-1 Molothrus ater. -In the nest before mentioned Mr. -Giddings found on June 12, -1895, two eggs of the Vireo, and -one of the Cowbird. The next -day there were three eggs of the -Vireo, and two of the Cowbird. -He finds the Vireo much imposed -upon by the Cowbird. Mr. C. -C. Smith says, “With the exception -of the Chipping Sparrow, -perhaps no bird is so much imposed -upon as this Vireo. I -think that the Vireo will desert -the nest if the egg of the Cowbird -is deposited first because one will -often find one or two eggs of the -Cowbird in a deserted nest of the -Vireo. Two or three eggs of the -Vireo with from one, two or three -of the Cowbird is the usual number. -I have seen the following -combinations, 624 1-4 and 495 -1-1; 624 1-3 and 495 1-1; 624 1-3 -and 495 1-2; 624 1-3 and 495 1-3.”</p> -<p>Evidently the Red-eye is not -<span class="pb" id="Page_42">42</span> -much in fear of man, since Mr. -Heaton finds it a regular resident -in his door yard where it is -under observation at all times; -and Mr. Barstch has found it -nesting in the cities of Burlington, -Decorah and Iowa City.</p> -<p>The species has a “loud, clear -song that can be heard in any -woodland.” It is “one of our -best and most persistent songsters -continuing during its entire -stay.” It “may,” says Mr. Smith, -“be heard at all hours of the day. -Its song is rather monotonous -and is uttered as the bird flits -about among the foliage. It has -also a characteristic alarm note -which is uttered when the person -gets too near its home; and the -note is nearly always a sign of the -near proximity of the nest.”</p> -<h4><i>626. V. philadelphicus. (Cass.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">PHILADELPHIA VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>This species is reported from -only two counties—Scott and -Jackson. Mr. Giddings thinks it -may breed in Jackson county, -since he has noted it there during -the breeding season. He -finds it very rare, having seen -the bird only a few times. He -first saw the species for the -season of 1895, on June 1st.</p> -<p>Mr. J. H. Brown finds it not -uncommon in Scott county. In -some seasons he finds it a quite -common migrant. He agrees -with Mr. Davie that it is very -like V. gilvus, but finds it much -more quiet during migrations, -“seeming to prefer tree-tops and -rural districts.” He finds it rather -erratic, being common one -year and perhaps rare the next.</p> -<p>Mr. Davie says, in his Nests -and Eggs of N. A. Birds, that the -species is “not common wherever -found;” but that “in portions -of the Mississippi valley it is more -common than in the eastern -states occurring regularly and in -considerable numbers during the -spring and fall migrations.” The -I. O. A. needs to take this species -especially in hand and develop -information concerning it.</p> -<h4><i>627. V. gilvus. (Vieill.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">WARBLING VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>This species does not seem to -be so widely and generally distributed -as the Red-eye, or else it -is not so well known. It is reported -from twelve of the sixteen -counties heard from. “Common -is the word most often used -in connection with its numbers. -The compiler judges that next to -the Red-eye, it is the most numerous -species in Iowa. The dates -of its occurrence are from April to -<span class="pb" id="Page_43">43</span> -September. June seems to be -almost exclusively its nesting -season. Davie reports it as nesting -in May and June, but it must -nest in May farther south, since -none of the notes report it earlier -than June 12th. The compiler -finds its commonest date of -nidification to be about June -20th.</p> -<p>The nesting site is higher than -that of the Red-eye, or any other -reported. “Frequently nests in -tops of maples in door yards as -high as forty feet;” “usually -thirty or forty feet;” “generally -higher than that of the Red-eyed -Vireo;” “usually placed at a considerable -height;” “high among -trees;” “usually in horizontal -crotch at greatest possible distance -from crotch of tree.”</p> -<p>All that can be gleaned from -the reports about the nest itself, -is that it is pensile, cup-shaped -and lined with fine grass. The -nest in the prairie groves of Buena -Vista county is generally composed -of coarse grass and bark -strips, very neat though rather -rough on outside, and is lined -with down from the seed of the -cottonwood tree.</p> -<p>Mr. Brown finds that the species -seems to prefer the vicinity -of towns in migrations, but of -groves and open woods for -breeding. Mr. Peck notes that -it “nests about houses and along -the edges of woods.” With Mr. -Smith it “inhabits the shade trees -along the street.” Mr. D. L. -Savage finds it nesting “near the -abode of man.”</p> -<p>Those who are acquainted -with the Bronzed Grackle will -call to mind how, when one of -these is aroused, it will utter its -loud and excited cries, soon calling -around it others who join in -throwing imprecations upon the -intruder, and follow him from -tree to tree. The compiler has -often found the nest of gilvus by -thus disturbing the Grackles, who -in turn are scolded by the Vireos, -if the domain of the latter is intruded -upon. The note of the -Vireo in such cases when it fears -the safety of its nest, somewhat -resembles the cry of a cat.</p> -<p>Mr. R. M. Anderson found a -nest in much the same way, by -climbing to a Robin’s nest which -chanced to be near that of the -Greenlet.</p> -<p>Reports upon the habits of the -species are somewhat meager. -Mr. Bartsch refers us to the beautiful -lines appended to the description -of the species by Coues, -but I fear that these same beautiful -lines are not accessible unless -one is near a college library, -<span class="pb" id="Page_44">44</span> -or so fortunate as to own a copy -of Mr. Coues’ valuable work.</p> -<p>The following from the pen of -our honorary member, Mr. -William Savage, will be interesting -to all. “He seems to be -always cheerful if we may judge -by his song; but he is not safe -from marauders. Snakes, cats, -weasels and minks often lay waste -his possessions. June 15, 1895, -I found a nest containing three -eggs. In a few days three -little scrawny young birds were -wriggling in the nest making -fruitless efforts to raise their -heads as I approached. The -next day one was gone and the -day following, the other two had -shared the fate of the first. I -cut the sprig of hazel off that -held the nest and made it a point -to pass that way frequently. -Soon I discovered the murderer, -a beautiful snake, about sixteen -inches long—what we term the -house snake—suspended in the -hazel bush, with his head and -neck protruding over the very -place where the nest had been. -(It is needless to say I slew him.)” -The nest which Mr. Savage mentions -was four feet up.</p> -<p>Mr. Anderson found a nest five -feet up. The bird was a close -sitter and allowed herself to be -caught in his hand.</p> -<p>It is reported as a lively and -pleasant singer almost as much so -as the Red-eye but with a sweeter -song. Mr. Smith writes that -it sings during May and June, -then is silent to August 15, when -it again sings till its departure. -Mr. Bryan notes it as a beautiful -singer and interesting species.</p> -<h4><i>628. V. flavifrons. (Vieill.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">YELLOW-THROATED VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>Flavifrons is reported as being -not so common as the Warbling -and Red-eyed species. Probably -there would be a contest between -it and bellii for third rank in numbers. -It is perhaps more evenly -distributed than the latter and -not quite so plentiful where -found.</p> -<p>Like most others of its tribe it -reaches the state in late April and -early May, but the reports indicate -that it is somewhat early in -its arrival. Its stay seems to be -briefer also, since it is reported -as being last seen as early as -August 10.</p> -<p>The nesting site is chosen at a -considerable elevation, usually, -though Mr. Law reports one from -Dallas county in a hazel bush -one foot up. Others mentioned -are “in hickory tree fourteen and -one-half feet up;” “an oak, -twenty-five feet up;” “near the -<span class="pb" id="Page_45">45</span> -top of a high tree;” “in burr-oak -tree twenty feet from the ground;” -“ten to fifteen feet up.” “The -nest,” says Mr. Peck, “is a beautiful -structure. It is covered -with lichens much like a Blue-gray -Gnatcatcher’s, and is very -hard to find.”</p> -<p>Mr. Anderson mentions a nest -composed of dry grass, cottony -substances, thin pieces of bark -and moss, and almost covered -with bits of newspaper in two -languages; which latter item -leads the analytical mind of our -correspondent to inquire whether -the bird may not possibly be a -linguist. The nest was lined -with reddish strips of grape-vine -bark. This nest was located in -the same tree as those of a Robin -and Mourning Dove, and contained -four eggs of the Vireo and one -of the Cowbird.</p> -<p>A nest reported by Mr. D. L. -Savage was outwardly composed -of spiders’ webs and fibers of -wild grape-vine bark, then a -coating of newspaper and a lining -of fine grass.</p> -<p>The Yellow-throated is “a -large, stout species,” robust built, -and “the brightest colored of our -Vireos.”</p> -<p>While the song is described as -being “slow, almost slovenly,” -and “with a peculiar languid -drawl,” and lacking the animated -delivery of olivaceus and gilvus, -yet it is much admired by Mr. -Heaton, and the bird is considered -a fine songster by Mr. Giddings.</p> -<p>The female is a close sitter, -leaving the nest reluctantly and -even in some cases requiring -to be displaced by the hand. It -is not averse to making its home -near the abode of man. Mr. -Wm. Savage reports one pair, -who, when robbed of their treasures, -presumably by the Blue -Jays, tore the old nest to pieces -and rebuilt in a tree only six feet -from the door of his office and -fifteen feet up. He finds one -pair every year breeding in a -grove of about two acres near the -house. He notes, though, that -even so close a proximity to the -dwelling of man does not free the -species from the “piratical tyranny -of the Kingbird.”</p> -<p>Mr. Woods finds “four rosy -eggs” to be the usual complement, -and that they average -larger than those of the Red-eye -and Warbling. Mr. Smith reports -a set which average 80x59, -82x60, 80x60 and 82x59.</p> -<p>One case is reported where the -bird left the nest which was found -before the eggs were laid, although -it was not in any way -<span class="pb" id="Page_46">46</span> -disturbed. Mr. Anderson says -that “the birds scold with great -vehemence when a person comes -near the nest and continue as -long as he remains in the vicinity -even though some distance -away.”</p> -<h4><i>629. V. solitarius. (Wils.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">BLUE-HEADED VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>Mr. Brown reports solitarius -as a not uncommon migrant in -Scott county. He says that it is -retiring and hurried, there seldom -being more than a few days between -the first arrival and the departure -of the bulk. He finds it -usually in large woods.</p> -<p>In Black Hawk Co., Mr. Peck -finds it a sometimes abundant, -but usually not very common -migrant. It appears early in -spring, in company with the hardiest -of the warblers while on its -way to its breeding grounds, -chiefly north of the U. S.</p> -<p>Mr. Bartsch has never observed -the bird at Burlington but took -two specimens at Iowa City on the -6th of May, 1895. In actions he -found them quite similar to the -Yellow-throated.</p> -<p>Mr. Anderson has taken two -females of this migrant species in -Winnebago Co.; one May 14, -1892, and one Sept. 18, 1894.</p> -<h4><i>631. V. noveboracensis. (Gmel.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">WHITE-EYED VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>Mr. Bryan has seen this variety -of the Greenlets quite common -in the edge of the woods along -Squaw Creek in Story Co. He -also has specimens taken in -Mahaska Co.</p> -<p>Mr. Wm. Savage reports it as -a resident in VanBuren Co., but -not very common.</p> -<p>Mr. Brown says that while not -much seen in summer it is a not -uncommon summer resident and -fairly plentiful in spring.</p> -<p>Mr. Bartsch writes as follows: -“Only two of these birds have -come under my observation; one -at Burlington some years ago, -and one at Iowa City last spring. -This bird prefers the low, dense -willows and especially small trees -overgrown by a dense mass of -grape-vines. Had it not been -for the lively and pleasing manner -with which they delivered -their clear, ringing song, I should -have overlooked them in a tangle -of green.”</p> -<p>Mr. D. L. Savage sends the -following valuable notes in this -connection: “<span class="g">Not</span> common. -Have never found a nest, although -I have noted the birds in -migrations, and also quite late in -the spring.” Mr. Walter G. Savage, -<span class="pb" id="Page_47">47</span> -VanBuren Co., found a nest -with two eggs, July 18, 1894. -Nest was placed in hazel bush -eighteen inches up and composed -of pieces of rotten chips—such as -the Chickadee pecks out of its -hole—moss, small pieces of -leaves, cobwebs and lined with -very fine grass and inner bark -fibers of wild grape-vine.</p> -<h4><i>633. V. bellii. (Aud.)</i> -<br /><span class="small">BELL’S VIREO.</span></h4> -<p>The notes on this Vireo are -not voluminous enough for the -compiler to derive from them -any general conclusions as to -numbers, dates and nesting site.</p> -<p>Mr. Law finds it abundant in -Dallas Co., but less so in Winnebago. -He has found the species -breeding in the former, and Mr. -Fred Hamlin took a set of three -incubated eggs on June 23, 1894. -One of these was situated in a -hazel bush one foot up.</p> -<p>Mr. Woods finds it of common -occurrence in Fayette Co., but -not abundant. “The eggs average -a trifle smaller than the other -species.”</p> -<p>Mr. Peck, writing from Black -Hawk Co., reports it abundant -everywhere among thickets and -underbrush in summer. The -nest, which is small, he finds situated -two to six feet from the -ground. Noted as a late migrant, -breeding far into August. It “is -almost as quarrelsome,” he says, -“as the Yellow-throated. Its -song is lively and shrill and distinguishable -at a great distance.”</p> -<p>Mr. D. L. Savage says, “Not -uncommon, favorable locations -being in bramble bushes and -thickets of undergrowth. It has -a rollicsome little song which always -brings gladness with it. I -have never had the good fortune -to find a nest, although I have -searched repeatedly for it, while -the old birds were making quite -an ado. It must be well concealed.”</p> -<p>Mr. Bryan writes that he has -seen it quite numerous in Mahaska -Co., along wood-roads; and has -secured one nest in a hazel bush -in a river pasture.</p> -<p>Mr. Irons says that the well -known voice of this little bird is -a familiar sound in the woodlands -of Pottawattamie Co.</p> -<p>Mr. Brown finds it a quite -common summer resident in -Scott Co., nesting in late May -and early June, usually at the low -elevation of from two and one-half -to ten feet. “A quiet, retiring -species and much more -common in the small brush -patches in prairie districts than in -the vicinity of water courses or -heavy woods.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_48">48</div> -<p>Mr. Giddings’ notes from his -recent personal experience with -the species are in full as follows: -“A common summer resident in -this (Jackson) Co. Not much -known except to the ornithologist -and collector. The home of -this species is in the thickets of -brush and bramble, where it -builds its nest unknown to those -who pass close by. The nest is -suspended from the fork of some -small bush within a few feet of -the ground, composed of dead -leaves, grass and strips of grape-vine -bark. Generally somewhat -ragged on the outside. Four -eggs seem to be the usual number -and I never found any other -in complete sets. Nests mostly -well concealed and hard to find. -I have found the best way is to -get down and creep on the ground, -and by looking up, the nest can -often be found quite easily.</p> -<p>“This species is, to me, the -most interesting of the Vireos, -and I hardly ever tire of listening -to its lively song, or watch it -flit from bush to bush. Near my -place is a thicket of hazel, -black-berry, sumach, and a few -small oak trees interspersed; just -the place for Bell’s Vireo, and I -can hear it singing at most any -time during the summer from my -doorstep.</p> -<p>“June 9, 1895, I started out to -find some nests and soon succeeded -in finding two. The first -was hung from a small hazel -bush, four feet above the ground -and contained two eggs. Nest -measured 3 in. deep; 3 in. in -diameter outside; cavity 1¾x1¼. -June 11, 4 eggs; they averaged -.68x.50, pure white, quite well -spotted with red. The second -nest was in a place where the -bushes were quite low; was hung -from fork of hazel bush three -feet from ground. The nest was -composed of leaves, grass, bark -of grape-vine and plant down, -lined with fine grass and hair. -Measured four inches deep; 2¾ -in. in diameter on the outside; -1½ in. deep by 1¾ in. inside. Contained -four eggs above the average -size and pure white with a -very few small red spots. Eggs -measured .74x.52 average, with -scarcely any difference in them.</p> -<p>“I have not found this bird -imposed upon by the Cowbird.”</p> -<p>Our readers will realize that to -cultivate the acquaintance of the -little Greenlets is to gain health, -pleasure and profit—health from -walks in the leafy woodlands and -exercise in the fragrant air; pleasure -from the music of their voices -and study of their ways; and -profit from health, pleasure and -the priceless teachings of Nature.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_49">49</div> -<div class="box"> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="small">The ...</span> -<br />Iowa Ornithologist.</h2> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p class="center">A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Study of Ornithology and Oology.</p> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p class="center">DAVID L. SAVAGE, -<br /><span class="smaller">EDITOR AND PUBLISHER.</span></p> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<table class="center"> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2"><span class="small">SUBSCRIPTION RATES.</span></th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">One year </td><td class="r">40 cts.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Single copy, </td><td class="r">10 cts.</td></tr> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2"><span class="small">ADVERTISING RATES.</span></th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">1 inch </td><td class="r">$.50</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">2 inches </td><td class="r">.90</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">½ column </td><td class="r">1.70</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">1 column </td><td class="r">3.00</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">1 page </td><td class="r">5.00</td></tr> -</table> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p class="center">Entered as second class mail matter at the Post Office, Salem, Iowa.</p> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p>Address all communications to -<span class="lr">David L. Savage, Salem, Iowa.</span></p> -</div> -<h2 id="c4"><span class="small">Notes and News.</span></h2> -<p>We have received a very complete -list of Iowa birds from J. -L. DeVine of Chicago, Ill., formerly -from Iowa. Much to our -regret, we cannot publish the -list in the I. O. for lack of space.</p> -<p>Mr. D. S. Ebersold of Oceanus, -Florida, collector of natural history -specimens—his ad is on another -page of this magazine—was -once an Iowa boy. He followed -the plow, hoed corn and -did other rural work in Butler -Co., and has many relatives there -now.</p> -<p>The Naturalist and Collector -of Abington, Ill., edited by P. -Wilber Shoup, has been discontinued -as it did not receive sufficient -patronage to warrant its -continuance.</p> -<p>Mr. Paul Bartsch of Burlington, -Iowa, reports the taking of a -Barn Owl at that place on Nov. -22, 1895.</p> -<p>The American Ornithologists’ -Union held their Thirteenth -Congress at Washington, D. C., -on Nov. 12-15, 1895, with an -average attendance of fifty ornithologists. -The officers elected -by the Union for the year, were -as follows: President, William -Brewster; Vice Presidents, Robert -Ridgway and C. Hart Merriam; -Secretary, John H. Sage; -Treasurer, William Dutcher.</p> -<p>Dr. A. E. Foote, the distinguished -scientist of Philadelphia, -died Oct. 11, 1895, in Atlanta, -Ga., to which place he had -gone to take charge of the Pennsylvania -mineral exhibit.</p> -<p>Dr. Foote was born in Hamilton, -N. Y., Feb. 6, 1846. Soon -after graduating at the State -University of Michigan in 1867, -he was appointed assistant professor -of chemistry and mineralogy -in the Iowa State College, -which place he held for five years, -<span class="pb" id="Page_50">50</span> -being very successful as a teacher. -In 1875 he moved to Philadelphia, -and began the building up -of his now world wide business -in minerals and scientific books. -He was married in 1872, to Miss -Augusta Matthews of Iowa, who, -with two sons and a daughter, -survives him. His business will be -continued by Warren G. Foote, a -son of the deceased, as manager.</p> -<p>Mr. J. H. Brown, Iowa City, -Ia., writes: “I shot three Greater -Redpolls on Jan. 11, and one -the 13th inst. They were undoubtedly -of the variety Acanthis -linaria rostrata (Coues). I have -never seen mention of this variety -occurring in the state before.”</p> -<p>Mr. John V. Crone has a live -Snowy Owl which was wing-tipped -and captured near Marathon, -Iowa, about Dec. 20. He -is thriving on a diet of meat of -different kinds, including sparrow, -turkey, grouse and pork; diversified -by occasional bites from his -captor’s fingers.</p> -<p>Prof. Gus. Walters, Cedar -Falls, Iowa, writes: “We are -taking some interest in birds -here. Have captured the Purple -Finch and Rusty Grackle. -Secured a fine Meadow Lark, -Dec. 27—rather late for him.”</p> -<p>The Northwestern Ornithological -Association held its second -annual meeting at Portland, Ore., -Dec. 27, 1895. The forenoon -was devoted to business; the -afternoon to reading of papers -and election of officers. The -officers chosen were; Wm. L. -Finly, Pres.; Ellis F. Hadley, -1st Vice Pres.; Guy Striker, 2d -Vice Pres.; Arthur L. Pope, Sec.; -D. C. Bord, Treas.</p> -<p>The N. O. A. is a live association, -as is shown by the fact -that the past year it has compiled -a list of Oregon birds embracing -over twice as many as were ever -before contained in a list of birds -of Oregon. This list is being -published in the Association’s -official organ, the Oregon Naturalist -and will number 254 species -and sub-species.</p> -<p>Hereafter the Association will -admit associate members from -any part of America, and its members -expect to have a phenomenal -growth during the next few -months. For particulars address -the secretary at McMinnville, Ore.</p> -<p>A. I. Johnson, DesMoines, Ia., -while out collecting Nov. 25, saw -two Robins and Dec. 3, secured -two Red-winged Blackbirds from -a flock of 8.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_51">51</div> -<h2 id="c5"><span class="small"><span class="sc">Book Review</span></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p23.jpg" alt="Book Review" width="500" height="143" /> -</div> -<blockquote> -<p>New Books and other publications will be reviewed in this department. Authors -wishing publications reviewed should send them to the Editor, who will examine them -personally and give them due consideration.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>“A. O. U. Check-list of American -Birds.” This book was prepared -by a committee appointed -by the Union, namely, Elliott -Coues, J. A. Allen, Robert Ridgway, -William Brewster, and H. -W. Henshaw. This is the second -and revised edition, the -original edition was published in -1885. The new edition includes -numerous additions and nomenclatural -changes made since the -publication of the first, together -with a revision of the “habitats” -of the species and sub-species, -but omitting the Code of Nomenclature, -which was published separately -in 1892. It is expected -that the new Check-list will remain -without another edition for -at least ten years. It should be -in the hands of every ornithologist.</p> -<p>“The Popular Science News” -for January is much improved -and enlarged. This magazine -fills a special field; it seems that -it is intended more for the general -reader than the specialist, yet -neither can afford to be without -it. Probably there is no paper -in America that is doing more to -popularize science and to interest -the general public in scientific -knowledge, than this journal. -We do not hesitate to recommend -it to any one who desires -to keep abreast with the discoveries -and news in the scientific -world.</p> -<p>The December, 1895, issue of -the “Nidologist” shows a marked -improvement by way of illustrations. -Among the features above -par, the elegant design on the -cover presents itself. The view -of Heligoland, “the magnetic -pole of the bird world,” is of consummate -interest. Last, but not -of the least value, is the half-tone -of the brethren at the A. -O. U. Congress at Washington; -this illustration alone is worth a -year’s subscription.</p> -<p>“The American Zoologist and -Journal of Science” made its appearance -<span class="pb" id="Page_52">52</span> -with the new year. The -first issue of Vol. 1, contains -thirty-six pages of very interesting -and instructive reading matter. -It is edited by J. Hobart -Egbert of Holyoke, Mass.</p> -<h2 id="c6"><span class="small">Publications Received.</span></h2> -<p>Barrows, Walter B., and E. A. -Schwarz. “The Common Crow -of the United States.” Bull. No. -6, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, -1895, pp. 1-98, 1 pl. 2 figs.</p> -<p>Beal, F. E. L. “The Crow -Blackbirds and Their Food.” Reprinted -from the Yearbook of the -U. S. Dept. of Agriculture for -1894. Pp. 233-248, figs. 1.</p> -<p>Beal, F. E. L. “Preliminary -Report on the Food of Woodpeckers.” -Bull. No. 7, U. S. -Dept. of Agriculture, 1895, pp. -1-33, 1 pl., 3 figs.</p> -<p>Burns, Frank L. “The American -Crow, (Corvus americanus) -with special reference to its nest -and eggs.” Bull. No. 5, Wilson’s -Orn. Chap, of Agassiz -Assn., 1895, pp. 1-41.</p> -<p>Fisher, A. K. “Hawks and Owls -from the Standpoint of the Farmer.” -Reprinted from the Yearbook -of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture -for 1894. Pp. 215-232, -pl. 3, figs. 3.</p> -<p>Jones, Lynds. “Minotiltidae.” -Bull. No. 4, Wilson Orni. Chap. -of Agassiz Assn., 1895, pp. 1-22.</p> -<p>Lucas, F. A. “The Tongues -of Woodpeckers.” Bull. No. 7, -U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1895. -Pp. 35-41, pl. 3.</p> -<p>“The A. O. U. Check-list of -North American Birds.” Second -and revised edition. Issued by -the American Ornithologists’ -Union, 1895. Pp. 1-372, I-XII, -8vo, cloth.</p> -<p>“The Nidologist.” Vol. 3, No. -4. Dec. 1895.</p> -<p>“Popular Science News.” Vol. -30, No. 1. January, 1896.</p> -<p>“The Oologist,” Vol. 12, No. -12. December, 1895.</p> -<p>“Oregon Naturalist.” Vol. 3, -No. 1. January, 1896.</p> -<p>“Gameland.” Vol. 8, No. 1. -December, 1895.</p> -<p>“The American Zoologist and -Home Journal of Science.” Vol. -1, No. 1.</p> -<p>“Game and Shooting.” Vol. -1, No. 11.</p> -<p>“The Linnean Fern Bulletin.” -Vol. 4, No. 1, January 1896.</p> -<p>For the lack of space, we cannot -give further mention of publications -received. In our next -issue we shall give more space to -this department.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_53">53</div> -<h2 id="c7"><span class="small"><span class="large">Iowa Ornithologist</span></span></h2> -<h3 id="c8">SUPPLEMENT</h3> -<p><b>No. 1. Salem, Ia., January, 1896.</b></p> -<p>We do not desire to expose the -private affairs of the I. O. A. to -the general public, hence the -necessity of the I. O. Supplement. -Copies are sent only to the members -of the I. O. A.</p> -<h2 id="c9"><span class="small">Among Ourselves.</span></h2> -<p>I desire to extend thanks to -those members who have sent in -new subscribers. Continue the -good work. The Chairman of the -Finance Committee says: “Wake -up the boys, in your next issue, -to secure subscribers and members—we -must have them to succeed.”</p> -<p>Always when you write enclose -some note on the birds.</p> -<p>Each officer of the I. O. A., -and chairman of each committee, -is requested at the close of every -quarter to send a report of their -work. Remember this on April -1st.</p> -<p>Some time ago I forwarded -the names of Guy C. Rich, -Sioux City, and M. Earl Halvorsen, -Forest City, for active membership -and W. E. Mulligan, -Grand Rapids, Mich., for associate, -to the executive council; -have not heard from them yet. -Please be more prompt.</p> -<p>According to Sec. 8 of the By-Laws, -the annual dues of active -members are $1.00, payable January -1st of each year. If you -have not paid your dues for 1896, -this paragraph is marked with a -blue pencil. Please do not delay -remitting.</p> -<p>Mr. E. B. Webster, Cresco, -Ia., is doing the printing of Vol. -II for $80.00, same to be made -in two payments: first, when second -issue is completed, and second, -when the fourth issue is -printed. We have 500 copies -printed of each issue.</p> -<h2 id="c10"><span class="small">Financial Report of the I. O. A.</span></h2> -<p class="center">From Oct. 1st to Dec. 31st, 1895.</p> -<table class="center"> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2">RECEIPTS.</th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">From members dues </td><td class="r">$9.50</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Subscriptions to I. O. </td><td class="r">6.85</td></tr> -<tr><td class="r">Total </td><td class="r"><span class="over">$16.35</span></td></tr> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2">EXPENDITURES.</th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Postage on I. O. </td><td class="r">$ .28</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Postage on manuscript and electros to Cresco </td><td class="r">.80</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Freight on I. O. from Cresco </td><td class="r">.78</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Postage for Editor-Treasurer </td><td class="r">2.24</td></tr> -<tr><td class="r">Total </td><td class="r"><span class="over">$4.10</span></td></tr> -<tr class="th"><th colspan="2"><hr class="dwide" /></th></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Amt. on hand for quarter </td><td class="r">$12.25</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Deficiency Oct. 1st </td><td class="r">$12.25</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Acc’ts balance Dec. 31st, 1895.</td></tr> -</table> -<p class="center">DAVID L. SAVAGE, Treas.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_54">54</div> -<h2 id="c11"><span class="small">Notice.</span></h2> -<p>The compilation committee appointed -at the First Annual Congress -of the I. O. A. has begun -work and expects, by the time of -the Second Congress, to be held -next summer, to make a good -showing on a report which is to -be, if possible, a complete “Annotated -List of the Birds of -Iowa.” In order to make this -list as comprehensive as possible, -it is earnestly requested that every -member send to the chairman of -the compilation committee a -marked check list showing every -species on which he can furnish -original, authentic Iowa notes. -These lists will be examined and -whenever a species is noted on -<span class="pb" id="Page_55">55</span> -which the report of the committee -is lacking, incomplete or unsatisfactory, -the notes on that species -will be sent for. The marked -check lists should all be in the -hands of the undersigned before -May 31, 1896. This early notice -is given in order that members -may observe, with especial caution, -during the spring of ’96, for -fresh and valuable notes. These -notes should bear particularly on -the food, breeding habits, abundance -of individuals, economic -value, and migrations.</p> -<p><span class="center">Fraternally,</span> -<span class="lr"><span class="sc">Chas. R. Keyes</span>,</span> -<span class="lr">Chairman Com.</span></p> -<p>Address until May 31st, Blairstown, -Iowa.</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Created a cover image based on elements in the printed exemplar.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Iowa Ornithologist, Volume 2, No. -2, January 1896, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IOWA ORNITHOLOGIST, JANUARY 1896 *** - -***** This file should be named 61391-h.htm or 61391-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/1/3/9/61391/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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