initial commit of ebook 613HEADmain

7 files changed, 1694 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/613.txt b/613.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9221b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/613.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,922 @@
+Project Gutenberg's The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889, by Japan
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889
+
+Author: Japan
+
+Posting Date: July 26, 2008 [EBook #613]
+Release Date: August, 1996
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN, 1889 ***
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+            CONSTITUTION OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN, 1889
+
+
+Imperial Oath Sworn in the Sanctuary in the Imperial Palace
+(Tsuge-bumi)
+
+     We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our
+Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial
+Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in
+pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and
+with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the
+ancient form of government.
+
+     In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course
+of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of
+civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness
+and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the Imperial
+Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to
+establish fundamental laws formulated into express provisions of
+law, so that, on the one hand, Our Imperial posterity may possess
+an express guide for the course they are to follow, and that, on
+the other, Our subjects shall thereby be enabled to enjoy a wider
+range of action in giving Us their support, and that the
+observance of Our laws shall continue to the remotest ages of
+time. We will thereby to give greater firmness to the stability
+of Our country and to promote the welfare of all the people
+within the boundaries of Our dominions; and We now establish the
+Imperial House Law and the Constitution. These Laws come to only
+an exposition of grand precepts for the conduct of the
+government, bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and
+by Our other Imperial Ancestors. That we have been so fortunate
+in Our reign, in keeping with the tendency of the times, as to
+accomplish this work, We owe to the glorious Spirits of the
+Imperial Founder of Our House and of Our other Imperial Ancestors.
+
+     We now reverently make Our prayer to Them and to Our
+Illustrious Father, and implore the help of Their Sacred Spirits,
+and make to Them solemn oath never at this time nor in the future
+to fail to be an example to our subjects in the observance of the
+Laws hereby established.
+
+     May the heavenly Spirits witness this Our solemn Oath.
+
+
+
+    Imperial Rescript on the Promulgation of the Constitution
+
+     Whereas We make it the joy and glory of Our heart to behold
+the prosperity of Our country, and the welfare of Our subjects,
+We do hereby, in virtue of the Supreme power We inherit from Our
+Imperial Ancestors, promulgate the present immutable fundamental
+law, for the sake of Our present subjects and their descendants.
+
+     The Imperial Founder of Our House and Our other Imperial
+ancestors, by the help and support of the forefathers of Our
+subjects, laid the foundation of Our Empire upon a basis, which
+is to last forever. That this brilliant achievement embellishes
+the annals of Our country, is due to the glorious virtues of Our
+Sacred Imperial ancestors, and to the loyalty and bravery of Our
+subjects, their love of their country and their public spirit.
+Considering that Our subjects are the descendants of the loyal
+and good subjects of Our Imperial Ancestors, We doubt not but
+that Our subjects will be guided by Our views, and will
+sympathize with all Our endeavors, and that, harmoniously
+cooperating together, they will share with Us Our hope of making
+manifest the glory of Our country, both at home and abroad, and
+of securing forever the stability of the work bequeathed to Us by
+Our Imperial Ancestors.
+
+
+
+                   Preamble [or Edict] (Joyu)
+
+     Having, by virtue of the glories of Our Ancestors, ascended
+the throne of a lineal succession unbroken for ages eternal;
+desiring to promote the welfare of, and to give development to
+the moral and intellectual faculties of Our beloved subjects, the
+very same that have been favored with the benevolent care and
+affectionate vigilance of Our Ancestors; and hoping to maintain
+the prosperity of the State, in concert with Our people and with
+their support, We hereby promulgate, in pursuance of Our Imperial
+Rescript of the 12th day of the 10th month of the 14th year of
+Meiji, a fundamental law of the State, to exhibit the principles,
+by which We are guided in Our conduct, and to point out to what
+Our descendants and Our subjects and their descendants are
+forever to conform.
+
+     The right of sovereignty of the State, We have inherited
+from Our Ancestors, and We shall bequeath them to Our
+descendants. Neither We nor they shall in the future fail to
+wield them, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution
+hereby granted.
+
+     We now declare to respect and protect the security of the
+rights and of the property of Our people, and to secure to them
+the complete enjoyment of the same, within the extent of the
+provisions of the present Constitution and of the law.
+
+     The Imperial Diet shall first be convoked for the 23rd year
+of Meiji and the time of its opening shall be the date, when the
+present Constitution comes into force.
+
+     When in the future it may become necessary to amend any of
+the provisions of the present Constitution, We or Our successors
+shall assume the initiative right, and submit a project for the
+same to the Imperial Diet. The Imperial Diet shall pass its vote
+upon it, according to the conditions imposed by the present
+Constitution, and in no otherwise shall Our descendants or Our
+subjects be permitted to attempt any alteration thereof.
+
+     Our Ministers of State, on Our behalf, shall be held
+responsible for the carrying out of the present Constitution, and
+Our present and future subjects shall forever assume the duty of
+allegiance to the present Constitution.
+
+
+
+                     CHAPTER I. THE EMPEROR
+
+     Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and
+governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.
+
+     Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by
+Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the
+Imperial House Law.
+
+     Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable.
+
+     Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining
+in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them,
+according to the provisions of the present Constitution.
+
+     Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with
+the consent of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders
+them to be promulgated and executed.
+
+     Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens,
+closes, and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of
+Representatives.
+
+     Article 8. The Emperor, in consequence of an urgent
+necessity to maintain public safety or to avert public
+calamities, issues, when the Imperial Diet is not sitting,
+Imperial ordinances in the place of law.
+
+     (2) Such Imperial Ordinances are to be laid before the
+Imperial Diet at its next session, and when the Diet does not
+approve the said Ordinances, the Government shall declare them to
+be invalid for the future.
+
+     Article 9. The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, the
+Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the
+maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion
+of the welfare of the subjects. But no Ordinance shall in any way
+alter any of the existing laws.
+
+     Article 10. The Emperor determines the organization of the
+different branches of the administration, and salaries of all
+civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same.
+Exceptions especially provided for in the present Constitution or
+in other laws, shall be in accordance with the respective
+provisions (bearing thereon).
+
+     Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army
+and Navy.
+
+     Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and
+peace standing of the Army and Navy.
+
+     Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and
+concludes treaties.
+
+     Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege.
+
+     (2) The conditions and effects of a state of siege shall be
+determined by law.
+
+     Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank,
+orders and other marks of honor.
+
+     Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation
+of punishments and rehabilitation.
+
+     Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with
+the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
+
+     (2) The Regent shall exercise the powers appertaining to the
+Emperor in His name.
+
+
+
+            CHAPTER II. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUBJECTS
+
+     Article 18. The conditions necessary for being a Japanese
+subject shall be determined by law.
+
+     Article 19. Japanese subjects may, according to
+qualifications determined in laws or ordinances, be appointed to
+civil or military or any other public offices equally.
+
+     Article 20. Japanese subjects are amenable to service in the
+Army or Navy, according to the provisions of law.
+
+     Article 21. Japanese subjects are amenable to the duty of
+paying taxes, according to the provisions of law.
+
+     Article 22. Japanese subjects shall have the liberty of
+abode and of changing the same within the limits of the law.
+
+     Article 23. No Japanese subject shall be arrested, detained,
+tried or punished, unless according to law.
+
+     Article 24. No Japanese subject shall be deprived of his
+right of being tried by the  judges determined by law.
+
+     Article 25. Except in the cases provided for in the law, the
+house of no Japanese subject shall be entered or searched without
+his consent.
+
+     Article 26. Except in the cases mentioned in the law, the
+secrecy of the letters of every Japanese subject shall remain
+inviolate.
+
+     Article 27. The right of property of every Japanese subject
+shall remain inviolate.
+
+     (2) Measures necessary to be taken for the public benefit
+shall be any provided for by law.
+
+     Article 28. Japanese subjects shall, within limits not
+prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their
+duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief.
+
+     Article 29. Japanese subjects shall, within the limits of
+law, enjoy the liberty of speech, writing, publication, public
+meetings and associations.
+
+     Article 30. Japanese subjects may present petitions, by
+observing the proper forms of respect, and by complying with the
+rules specially provided for the same.
+
+     Article 31. The provisions contained in the present Chapter
+shall not affect the exercises of the powers appertaining to the
+Emperor, in times of war or in cases of a national emergency.
+
+     Article 32. Each and every one of the provisions contained
+in the preceding Articles of the present Chapter, that are not in
+conflict with the laws or the rules and discipline of the Army
+and Navy, shall apply to the officers and men of the Army and of
+the Navy.
+
+
+
+                 CHAPTER III. THE IMPERIAL DIET
+
+     Article 33. The Imperial Diet shall consist of two Houses, a
+House of Peers and a House of Representatives.
+
+     Article 34. The House of Peers shall, in accordance with the
+ordinance concerning the House of Peers, be composed of the
+members of the Imperial Family, of the orders of nobility, and of
+those who have been nominated thereto by the Emperor.
+
+     Article 35. The House of Representatives shall be composed
+of members elected by the people, according to the provisions of
+the law of Election.
+
+     Article 36. No one can at one and the same time be a Member
+of both Houses.
+
+     Article 37. Every law requires the consent of the Imperial
+Diet.
+
+     Article 38. Both Houses shall vote upon projects of law
+submitted to it by the Government, and may respectively initiate
+projects of law.
+
+     Article 39. A Bill, which has been rejected by either the
+one or the other of the two Houses, shall not be brought in again
+during the same session.
+
+     Article 40. Both Houses can make representations to the
+Government, as to laws or upon any other subject. When, however,
+such representations are not accepted, they cannot be made a
+second time during the same session.
+
+     Article 41. The Imperial Diet shall be convoked every year.
+
+     Article 42. A session of the Imperial Diet shall last during
+three months. In case of necessity, the duration of a session may
+be prolonged by the Imperial Order.
+
+     Article 43. When urgent necessity arises, an extraordinary
+session may be convoked in addition to the ordinary one.
+
+     (2) The duration of an extraordinary session shall be
+determined by Imperial Order.
+
+     Article 44. The opening, closing, prolongation of session
+and prorogation of the Imperial Diet, shall be effected
+simultaneously for both Houses.
+
+     (2) In case the House of Representatives has been ordered to
+dissolve, the House of Peers shall at the same time be prorogued.
+
+     Article 45. When the House of Representatives has been
+ordered to dissolve, Members shall be caused by Imperial Order to
+be newly elected, and the new House shall be convoked within five
+months from the day of dissolution.
+
+     Article 46. No debate can be opened and no vote can be taken
+in either House of the Imperial Diet, unless not less than
+one-third of the whole number of Members thereof is present.
+
+     Article 47. Votes shall be taken in both Houses by absolute
+majority. In the case of a tie vote, the President shall have the
+casting vote.
+
+     Article 48. The deliberations of both Houses shall be held
+in public. The deliberations may, however, upon demand of the
+Government or by resolution of the House, be held in secret
+sitting.
+
+     Article 49. Both Houses of the Imperial Diet may
+respectively present addresses to the Emperor.
+
+     Article 50. Both Houses may receive petitions presented by
+subjects.
+
+     Article 51. Both Houses may enact, besides what is provided
+for in the present Constitution and in the Law of the Houses,
+rules necessary for the management of their internal affairs.
+
+     Article 52. No Member of either House shall be held
+responsible outside the respective Houses, for any opinion
+uttered or for any vote given in the House. When, however, a
+Member himself has given publicity to his opinions by public
+speech, by documents in print or in writing, or by any other
+similar means, he shall, in the matter, be amenable to the
+general law.
+
+     Article 53. The Members of both Houses shall, during the
+session, be free from arrest, unless with the consent of the
+House, except in cases of flagrant delicts, or of offenses
+connected with a state of internal commotion or with a foreign
+trouble.
+
+     Article 54. The Ministers of State and the Delegates of the
+Government may, at any time, take seats and speak in either
+House.
+
+
+
+    CHAPTER IV. THE MINISTERS OF STATE AND THE PRIVY COUNCIL
+
+     Article 55. The respective Ministers of State shall give
+their advice to the Emperor, and be responsible for it.
+
+     (2) All Laws, Imperial Ordinances, and Imperial Rescripts of
+whatever kind, that relate to the affairs of the state, require
+the countersignature of a Minister of State.
+
+     Article 56. The Privy Councillors shall, in accordance with
+the provisions for the organization of the Privy Council,
+deliberate upon important matters of State when they have been
+consulted by the Emperor.
+
+
+
+                    CHAPTER V. THE JUDICATURE
+
+     Article 57. The Judicature shall be exercised by the Courts
+of Law according to law, in the name of the Emperor.
+
+     (2) The organization of the Courts of Law shall be
+determined by law.
+
+     Article 58. The judges shall be appointed from among those,
+who possess proper qualifications according to law.
+
+     (2) No judge shall be deprived of his position, unless by
+way of criminal sentence or disciplinary punishment.
+
+     (3) Rules for disciplinary punishment shall be determined by
+law.
+
+     Article 59. Trials and judgments of a Court shall be
+conducted publicly. When, however, there exists any fear, that
+such publicity may be prejudicial to peace and order, or to the
+maintenance of public morality, the public trial may be suspended
+by provisions of law or by the decision of the Court of Law.
+
+     Article 60. All matters that fall within the competency of a
+special Court, shall be specially provided for by law.
+
+     Article 61. No suit at law, which relates to rights alleged
+to have been infringed by the illegal measures of the
+administrative authorities, and which shall come within the
+competency of the Court of Administrative Litigation specially
+established by law, shall be taken cognizance of by Court of Law.
+
+
+
+                       CHAPTER VI. FINANCE
+
+     Article 62. The imposition of a new tax or the modification
+of the rates (of an existing one) shall be determined by law.
+
+     (2) However, all such administrative fees or other revenue
+having the nature of compensation shall not fall within the
+category of the above clause.
+
+     (3) The raising of national loans and the contracting of
+other liabilities to the charge of the National Treasury, except
+those that are provided in the Budget, shall require the consent
+of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 63. The taxes levied at present shall, in so far as
+they are not remodelled by a new law, be collected according to
+the old system.
+
+     Article 64. The expenditure and revenue of the State require
+the consent of the Imperial Diet by means of an annual Budget.
+
+     (2) Any and all expenditures overpassing the appropriations
+set forth in the Titles and Paragraphs of the Budget, or that are
+not provided for in the Budget, shall subsequently require the
+approbation of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 65. The Budget shall be first laid before the House
+of Representatives.
+
+     Article 66. The expenditures of the Imperial House shall be
+defrayed every year out of the National Treasury, according to
+the present fixed amount for the same, and shall not require the
+consent thereto of the Imperial Diet, except in case an increase
+thereof is found necessary.
+
+     Article 67. Those already fixed expenditures based by the
+Constitution upon the powers appertaining to the Emperor, and
+such expenditures as may have arisen by the effect of law, or
+that appertain to the legal obligations of the Government, shall
+be neither rejected nor reduced by the Imperial Diet, without the
+concurrence of the Government.
+
+     Article 68. In order to meet special requirements, the
+Government may ask the consent of the Imperial Diet to a certain
+amount as a Continuing Expenditure Fund, for a previously fixed
+number of years.
+
+     Article 69. In order to supply deficiencies, which are
+unavoidable, in the Budget, and to meet requirements unprovided
+for in the same, a Reserve Fund shall be provided in the Budget.
+
+     Article 70. When the Imperial Diet cannot be convoked, owing
+to the external or internal condition of the country, in case of
+urgent need for the maintenance of public safety, the Government
+may take all necessary financial measures, by means of an
+Imperial Ordinance.
+
+     (2) In the case mentioned in the preceding clause, the
+matter shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet at its next
+session, and its approbation shall be obtained thereto.
+
+     Article 71. When the Imperial Diet has not voted on the
+Budget, or when the Budget has not been brought into actual
+existence, the Government shall carry out the Budget of the
+preceding year.
+
+     Article 72. The final account of the expenditures and
+revenues of the State shall be verified and confirmed by the
+Board of Audit, and it shall be submitted by the Government to
+the Imperial Diet, together with the report of verification of
+the said board.
+
+     (2) The organization and competency of the Board of Audit
+shall of determined by law separately.
+
+
+
+                CHAPTER VII. SUPPLEMENTARY RULES
+
+     Article 73. When it has become necessary in future to amend
+the provisions of the present Constitution, a project to the
+effect shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet by Imperial Order.
+
+     (2) In the above case, neither House can open the debate,
+unless not less than two-thirds of the whole number of Members
+are present, and no amendment can be passed, unless a majority of
+not less than two-thirds of the Members present is obtained.
+
+     Article 74. No modification of the Imperial House Law shall
+be required to be submitted to the deliberation of the Imperial
+Diet.
+
+     (2) No provision of the present Constitution can be modified
+by the Imperial House Law.
+
+     Article 75. No modification can be introduced into the
+Constitution, or into the Imperial House Law, during the time of
+a Regency.
+
+     Article 76. Existing legal enactments, such as laws,
+regulations, Ordinances, or by whatever names they may be called,
+shall, so far as they do not conflict with the present
+Constitution, continue in force.
+
+     (2) All existing contracts or orders, that entail
+obligations upon the Government, and that are connected with
+expenditure, shall come within the scope of Article 67.
+
+
+
+(The above is the semi-official translation, which appeared in H.
+Ito, Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan,
+trans. M. Ito, 1889.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Constitution of the Empire of
+Japan, 1889, by Japan
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN, 1889 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 613.txt or 613.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/6/1/613/
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/613.zip b/613.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b0e2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/613.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33b033d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #613 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/613)
diff --git a/old/cjold10.txt b/old/cjold10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..911a00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/cjold10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
+Project Gutenberg Etext of Previous Constitution of Japan [1889]
+#2 in our series of Japanese Constitutions
+
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check
+the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!!
+
+Please take a look at the important information in this header.
+We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an
+electronic path open for the next readers.  Do not remove this.
+
+
+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
+
+**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations*
+
+Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and
+further information is included below.  We need your donations.
+
+
+1889 Consitution of Japan
+
+August, 1996  [Etext #613]
+
+
+Project Gutenberg Etext of Previous Constitution of Japan [1889]
+*****This file should be named cjold10.txt or cjold10.zip******
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, cjold11.txt.
+VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, cjold10a.txt.
+
+
+We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance
+of the official release dates, for time for better editing.
+
+Please note:  neither this list nor its contents are final till
+midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.
+The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at
+Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month.  A
+preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment
+and editing by those who wish to do so.  To be sure you have an
+up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes
+in the first week of the next month.  Since our ftp program has
+a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a
+look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a
+new copy has at least one byte more or less.
+
+
+Information about Project Gutenberg (one page)
+
+We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work.  The
+fifty hours is one conservative estimate for how long it we take
+to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright
+searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc.  This
+projected audience is one hundred million readers.  If our value
+per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2
+million dollars per hour this year as we release thirty-two text
+files per month:  or 400 more Etexts in 1996 for a total of 800.
+If these reach just 10% of the computerized population, then the
+total should reach 80 billion Etexts.
+
+The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext
+Files by the December 31, 2001.  [10,000 x 100,000,000=Trillion]
+This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers,
+which is only 10% of the present number of computer users.  2001
+should have at least twice as many computer users as that, so it
+will require us reaching less than 5% of the users in 2001.
+
+
+We need your donations more than ever!
+
+
+All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/BU":  and are
+tax deductible to the extent allowable by law. (BU = Benedictine
+University).  (Subscriptions to our paper newsletter go to BU.)
+
+For these and other matters, please mail to:
+
+Project Gutenberg
+P. O. Box  2782
+Champaign, IL 61825
+
+When all other email fails try our Executive Director:
+Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com>
+
+We would prefer to send you this information by email
+(Internet, Bitnet, Compuserve, ATTMAIL or MCImail).
+
+******
+If you have an FTP program (or emulator), please
+FTP directly to the Project Gutenberg archives:
+[Mac users, do NOT point and click. . .type]
+
+ftp uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu
+login:  anonymous
+password:  your@login
+cd etext/etext90 through /etext96
+or cd etext/articles [get suggest gut for more information]
+dir [to see files]
+get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files]
+GET INDEX?00.GUT
+for a list of books
+and
+GET NEW GUT for general information
+and
+MGET GUT* for newsletters.
+
+**Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor**
+(Three Pages)
+
+
+***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START***
+Why is this "Small Print!" statement here?  You know: lawyers.
+They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with
+your copy of this etext, even if you got it for free from
+someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our
+fault.  So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement
+disclaims most of our liability to you.  It also tells you how
+you can distribute copies of this etext if you want to.
+
+*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS ETEXT
+By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+etext, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept
+this "Small Print!" statement.  If you do not, you can receive
+a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this etext by
+sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person
+you got it from.  If you received this etext on a physical
+medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request.
+
+ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM ETEXTS
+This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-
+tm etexts, is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor
+Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association at
+Benedictine University (the "Project").  Among other
+things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright
+on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and
+distribute it in the United States without permission and
+without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules, set forth
+below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this etext
+under the Project's "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark.
+
+To create these etexts, the Project expends considerable
+efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain
+works.  Despite these efforts, the Project's etexts and any
+medium they may be on may contain "Defects".  Among other
+things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged
+disk or other etext medium, a computer virus, or computer
+codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES
+But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below,
+[1] the Project (and any other party you may receive this
+etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including
+legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR
+UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT,
+INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
+OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of
+receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any)
+you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that
+time to the person you received it from.  If you received it
+on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and
+such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement
+copy.  If you received it electronically, such person may
+choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to
+receive it electronically.
+
+THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS".  NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS
+TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or
+the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the
+above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you
+may have other legal rights.
+
+INDEMNITY
+You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors,
+officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost
+and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or
+indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause:
+[1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification,
+or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect.
+
+DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm"
+You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by
+disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this
+"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg,
+or:
+
+[1]  Only give exact copies of it.  Among other things, this
+     requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the
+     etext or this "small print!" statement.  You may however,
+     if you wish, distribute this etext in machine readable
+     binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form,
+     including any form resulting from conversion by word pro-
+     cessing or hypertext software, but only so long as
+     *EITHER*:
+
+     [*]  The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and
+          does *not* contain characters other than those
+          intended by the author of the work, although tilde
+          (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may
+          be used to convey punctuation intended by the
+          author, and additional characters may be used to
+          indicate hypertext links; OR
+
+     [*]  The etext may be readily converted by the reader at
+          no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent
+          form by the program that displays the etext (as is
+          the case, for instance, with most word processors);
+          OR
+
+     [*]  You provide, or agree to also provide on request at
+          no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the
+          etext in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC
+          or other equivalent proprietary form).
+
+[2]  Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this
+     "Small Print!" statement.
+
+[3]  Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the
+     net profits you derive calculated using the method you
+     already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  If you
+     don't derive profits, no royalty is due.  Royalties are
+     payable to "Project Gutenberg Association / Benedictine
+     University" within the 60 days following each
+     date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare)
+     your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return.
+
+WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO?
+The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time,
+scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty
+free copyright licenses, and every other sort of contribution
+you can think of.  Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg
+Association / Benedictine University".
+
+*END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END*
+
+
+
+
+
+            CONSTITUTION OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN, 1889
+
+Imperial Oath Sworn in the Sanctuary in the Imperial Palace
+(Tsuge-bumi)
+
+     We, the Successor to the prosperous Throne of Our
+Predecessors, do humbly and solemnly swear to the Imperial
+Founder of Our House and to Our other Imperial Ancestors that, in
+pursuance of a great policy co-extensive with the Heavens and
+with the Earth, We shall maintain and secure from decline the
+ancient form of government. 
+
+     In consideration of the progressive tendency of the course
+of human affairs and in parallel with the advance of
+civilization, We deem it expedient, in order to give clearness
+and distinctness to the instructions bequeathed by the Imperial
+Founder of Our House and by Our other Imperial Ancestors, to
+establish fundamental laws formulated into express provisions of
+law, so that, on the one hand, Our Imperial posterity may possess
+an express guide for the course they are to follow, and that, on
+the other, Our subjects shall thereby be enabled to enjoy a wider
+range of action in giving Us their support, and that the
+observance of Our laws shall continue to the remotest ages of
+time. We will thereby to give greater firmness to the stability
+of Our country and to promote the welfare of all the people
+within the boundaries of Our dominions; and We now establish the
+Imperial House Law and the Constitution. These Laws come to only
+an exposition of grand precepts for the conduct of the
+government, bequeathed by the Imperial Founder of Our House and
+by Our other Imperial Ancestors. That we have been so fortunate
+in Our reign, in keeping with the tendency of the times, as to
+accomplish this work, We owe to the glorious Spirits of the
+Imperial Founder of Our House and of Our other Imperial
+Ancestors.
+
+     We now reverently make Our prayer to Them and to Our
+Illustrious Father, and implore the help of Their Sacred Spirits,
+and make to Them solemn oath never at this time nor in the future
+to fail to be an example to our subjects in the observance of the
+Laws hereby established.
+
+     May the heavenly Spirits witness this Our solemn Oath.
+
+
+    Imperial Rescript on the Promulgation of the Constitution
+
+     Whereas We make it the joy and glory of Our heart to behold
+the prosperity of Our country, and the welfare of Our subjects,
+We do hereby, in virtue of the Supreme power We inherit from Our
+Imperial Ancestors, promulgate the present immutable fundamental
+law, for the sake of Our present subjects and their descendants.
+
+     The Imperial Founder of Our House and Our other Imperial
+ancestors, by the help and support of the forefathers of Our
+subjects, laid the foundation of Our Empire upon a basis, which
+is to last forever. That this brilliant achievement embellishes
+the annals of Our country, is due to the glorious virtues of Our
+Sacred Imperial ancestors, and to the loyalty and bravery of Our
+subjects, their love of their country and their public spirit.
+Considering that Our subjects are the descendants of the loyal
+and good subjects of Our Imperial Ancestors, We doubt not but
+that Our subjects will be guided by Our views, and will
+sympathize with all Our endeavors, and that, harmoniously
+cooperating together, they will share with Us Our hope of making
+manifest the glory of Our country, both at home and abroad, and
+of securing forever the stability of the work bequeathed to Us by
+Our Imperial Ancestors.
+
+                   Preamble [or Edict) (Joyu)
+
+     Having, by virtue of the glories of Our Ancestors, ascended
+the throne of a lineal succession unbroken for ages eternal;
+desiring to promote the welfare of, and to give development to
+the moral and intellectual faculties of Our beloved subjects, the
+very same that have been favored with the benevolent care and
+affectionate vigilance of Our Ancestors; and hoping to maintain
+the prosperity of the State, in concert with Our people and with
+their support, We hereby promulgate, in pursuance of Our Imperial
+Rescript of the 12th day of the 10th month of the 14th year of
+Meiji, a fundamental law of the State, to exhibit the principles,
+by which We are guided in Our conduct, and to point out to what
+Our descendants and Our subjects and their descendants are
+forever to conform.
+
+     The right of sovereignty of the State, We have inherited
+from Our Ancestors, and We shall bequeath them to Our
+descendants. Neither We nor they shall in the future fail to
+wield them, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution
+hereby granted. 
+
+     We now declare to respect and protect the security of the
+rights and of the property of Our people, and to secure to them
+the complete enjoyment of the same, within the extent of the
+provisions of the present Constitution and of the law.
+
+     The Imperial Diet shall first be convoked for the 23rd year
+of Meiji and the time of its opening shall be the date, when the
+present Constitution comes into force.
+
+     When in the future it may become necessary to amend any of
+the provisions of the present Constitution, We or Our successors
+shall assume the initiative right, and submit a project for the
+same to the Imperial Diet. The Imperial Diet shall pass its vote
+upon it, according to the conditions imposed by the present
+Constitution, and in no otherwise shall Our descendants or Our
+subjects be permitted to attempt any alteration thereof.
+
+     Our Ministers of State, on Our behalf, shall be held
+responsible for the carrying out of the present Constitution, and
+Our present and future subjects shall forever assume the duty of
+allegiance to the present Constitution.
+
+                     CHAPTER I. THE EMPEROR
+
+     Article 1. The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and
+governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal.
+
+     Article 2. The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by
+Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the
+Imperial House Law.
+
+     Article 3. The Emperor is sacred and inviolable.
+
+     Article 4. The Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining
+in Himself the rights of sovereignty, and exercises them,
+according to the provisions of the present Constitution.
+
+     Article 5. The Emperor exercises the legislative power with
+the consent of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 6. The Emperor gives sanction to laws, and orders
+them to be promulgated and executed.
+
+     Article 7. The Emperor convokes the Imperial Diet, opens,
+closes, and prorogues it, and dissolves the House of
+Representatives.
+
+     Article 8. The Emperor, in consequence of an urgent
+necessity to maintain public safety or to avert public
+calamities, issues, when the Imperial Diet is not sitting,
+Imperial ordinances in the place of law.
+
+     (2) Such Imperial Ordinances are to be laid before the
+Imperial Diet at its next session, and when the Diet does not
+approve the said Ordinances, the Government shall declare them to
+be invalid for the future.
+
+     Article 9. The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, the
+Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the
+maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion
+of the welfare of the subjects. But no Ordinance shall in any way
+alter any of the existing laws.
+
+     Article 10. The Emperor determines the organization of the
+different branches of the administration, and salaries of all
+civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same.
+Exceptions especially provided for in the present Constitution or
+in other laws, shall be in accordance with the respective
+provisions (bearing thereon).
+
+     Article 11. The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army
+and Navy.
+
+     Article 12. The Emperor determines the organization and
+peace standing of the Army and Navy.
+
+     Article 13. The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and
+concludes treaties.
+
+     Article 14. The Emperor declares a state of siege.
+
+     (2) The conditions and effects of a state of siege shall be
+determined by law.
+
+     Article 15. The Emperor confers titles of nobility, rank,
+orders and other marks of honor.
+
+     Article 16. The Emperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation
+of punishments and rehabilitation.
+
+     Article 17. A Regency shall be instituted in conformity with
+the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
+
+     (2) The Regent shall exercise the powers appertaining to the
+Emperor in His name.
+
+            CHAPTER II. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SUBJECTS
+
+     Article 18. The conditions necessary for being a Japanese
+subject shall be determined by law.
+
+     Article 19. Japanese subjects may, according to
+qualifications determined in laws or ordinances, be appointed to
+civil or military or any other public offices equally.
+
+     Article 20. Japanese subjects are amenable to service in the
+Army or Navy, according to the provisions of law. 
+
+     Article 21. Japanese subjects are amenable to the duty of
+paying taxes, according to the provisions of law.
+
+     Article 22. Japanese subjects shall have the liberty of
+abode and of changing the same within the limits of the law.
+
+     Article 23. No Japanese subject shall be arrested, detained,
+tried or punished, unless according to law. 
+
+     Article 24. No Japanese subject shall be deprived of his
+right of being tried by the  judges determined by law.
+
+     Article 25. Except in the cases provided for in the law, the
+house of no Japanese subject shall be entered or searched without
+his consent.
+
+     Article 26. Except in the cases mentioned in the law, the
+secrecy of the letters of every Japanese subject shall remain
+inviolate.
+
+     Article 27. The right of property of every Japanese subject
+shall remain inviolate. 
+
+     (2) Measures necessary to be taken for the public benefit
+shall be any provided for by law.
+ 
+     Article 28. Japanese subjects shall, within limits not
+prejudicial to peace and order, and not antagonistic to their
+duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief.
+
+     Article 29. Japanese subjects shall, within the limits of
+law, enjoy the liberty of speech, writing, publication, public
+meetings and associations.
+
+     Article 30. Japanese subjects may present petitions, by
+observing the proper forms of respect, and by complying with the
+rules specially provided for the same.
+
+     Article 31. The provisions contained in the present Chapter
+shall not affect the exercises of the powers appertaining to the
+Emperor, in times of war or in cases of a national emergency.
+
+     Article 32. Each and every one of the provisions contained
+in the preceding Articles of the present Chapter, that are not in
+conflict with the laws or the rules and discipline of the Army
+and Navy, shall apply to the officers and men of the Army and of
+the Navy.
+
+                 CHAPTER III. THE IMPERIAL DIET
+
+     Article 33. The Imperial Diet shall consist of two Houses, a
+House of Peers and a House of Representatives.
+
+     Article 34. The House of Peers shall, in accordance with the
+ordinance concerning the House of Peers, be composed of the
+members of the Imperial Family, of the orders of nobility, and of
+those who have been nominated thereto by the Emperor.
+
+     Article 35. The House of Representatives shall be composed
+of members elected by the people, according to the provisions of
+the law of Election.
+
+     Article 36. No one can at one and the same time be a Member
+of both Houses.
+
+     Article 37. Every law requires the consent of the Imperial
+Diet.
+
+     Article 38. Both Houses shall vote upon projects of law
+submitted to it by the Government, and may respectively initiate
+projects of law.
+
+     Article 39. A Bill, which has been rejected by either the
+one or the other of the two Houses, shall not be brought in again
+during the same session.
+
+     Article 40. Both Houses can make representations to the
+Government, as to laws or upon any other subject. When, however,
+such representations are not accepted, they cannot be made a
+second time during the same session.
+
+     Article 41. The Imperial Diet shall be convoked every year.
+
+     Article 42. A session of the Imperial Diet shall last during
+three months. In case of necessity, the duration of a session may
+be prolonged by the Imperial Order.
+
+     Article 43. When urgent necessity arises, an extraordinary
+session may be convoked in addition to the ordinary one.
+
+     (2) The duration of an extraordinary session shall be
+determined by Imperial Order.
+
+     Article 44. The opening, closing, prolongation of session
+and prorogation of the Imperial Diet, shall be effected
+simultaneously for both Houses.
+
+     (2) In case the House of Representatives has been ordered to
+dissolve, the House of Peers shall at the same time be prorogued.
+
+     Article 45. When the House of Representatives has been
+ordered to dissolve, Members shall be caused by Imperial Order to
+be newly elected, and the new House shall be convoked within five
+months from the day of dissolution.
+
+     Article 46. No debate can be opened and no vote can be taken
+in either House of the Imperial Diet, unless not less than
+one-third of the whole number of Members thereof is present.
+
+     Article 47. Votes shall be taken in both Houses by absolute
+majority. In the case of a tie vote, the President shall have the
+casting vote.
+
+     Article 48. The deliberations of both Houses shall be held
+in public. The deliberations may, however, upon demand of the
+Government or by resolution of the House, be held in secret
+sitting.
+
+     Article 49. Both Houses of the Imperial Diet may
+respectively present addresses to the Emperor.
+
+     Article 50. Both Houses may receive petitions presented by
+subjects.
+
+     Article 51. Both Houses may enact, besides what is provided
+for in the present Constitution and in the Law of the Houses,
+rules necessary for the management of their internal affairs.
+
+     Article 52. No Member of either House shall be held
+responsible outside the respective Houses, for any opinion
+uttered or for any vote given in the House. When, however, a
+Member himself has given publicity to his opinions by public
+speech, by documents in print or in writing, or by any other
+similar means, he shall, in the matter, be amenable to the
+general law.
+
+     Article 53. The Members of both Houses shall, during the
+session, be free from arrest, unless with the consent of the
+House, except in cases of flagrant delicts, or of offenses
+connected with a state of internal commotion or with a foreign
+trouble.
+
+     Article 54. The Ministers of State and the Delegates of the
+Government may, at any time, take seats and speak in either
+House. 
+
+    CHAPTER IV. THE MINISTERS OF STATE AND THE PRIVY COUNCIL
+
+     Article 55. The respective Ministers of State shall give
+their advice to the Emperor, and be responsible for it.
+
+     (2) All Laws, Imperial Ordinances, and Imperial Rescripts of
+whatever kind, that relate to the affairs of the state, require
+the countersignature of a Minister of State.
+
+     Article 56. The Privy Councillors shall, in accordance with
+the provisions for the organization of the Privy Council,
+deliberate upon important matters of State when they have been
+consulted by the Emperor.
+
+                    CHAPTER V. THE JUDICATURE
+
+     Article 57. The Judicature shall be exercised by the Courts
+of Law according to law, in the name of the Emperor.
+
+     (2) The organization of the Courts of Law shall be
+determined by law.
+
+     Article 58. The judges shall be appointed from among those,
+who possess proper qualifications according to law.
+
+     (2) No judge shall be deprived of his position, unless by
+way of criminal sentence or disciplinary punishment.
+
+     (3) Rules for disciplinary punishment shall be determined by
+law.
+
+     Article 59. Trials and judgments of a Court shall be
+conducted publicly. When, however, there exists any fear, that
+such publicity may be prejudicial to peace and order, or to the
+maintenance of public morality, the public trial may be suspended
+by provisions of law or by the decision of the Court of Law.
+
+     Article 60. All matters that fall within the competency of a
+special Court, shall be specially provided for by law. 
+
+     Article 61. No suit at law, which relates to rights alleged
+to have been infringed by the illegal measures of the
+administrative authorities, and which shall come within the
+competency of the Court of Administrative Litigation specially
+established by law, shall be taken cognizance of by Court of Law.
+
+                       CHAPTER VI. FINANCE
+
+     Article 62. The imposition of a new tax or the modification
+of the rates (of an existing one) shall be determined by law.
+
+     (2) However, all such administrative fees or other revenue
+having the nature of compensation shall not fall within the
+category of the above clause.
+
+     (3) The raising of national loans and the contracting of
+other liabilities to the charge of the National Treasury, except
+those that are provided in the Budget, shall require the consent
+of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 63. The taxes levied at present shall, in so far as
+they are not remodelled by a new law, be collected according to
+the old system.
+
+     Article 64. The expenditure and revenue of the State require
+the consent of the Imperial Diet by means of an annual Budget.
+
+     (2) Any and all expenditures overpassing the appropriations
+set forth in the Titles and Paragraphs of the Budget, or that are
+not provided for in the Budget, shall subsequently require the
+approbation of the Imperial Diet.
+
+     Article 65. The Budget shall be first laid before the House
+of Representatives.
+
+     Article 66. The expenditures of the Imperial House shall be
+defrayed every year out of the National Treasury, according to
+the present fixed amount for the same, and shall not require the
+consent thereto of the Imperial Diet, except in case an increase
+thereof is found necessary.
+
+     Article 67. Those already fixed expenditures based by the
+Constitution upon the powers appertaining to the Emperor, and
+such expenditures as may have arisen by the effect of law, or
+that appertain to the legal obligations of the Government, shall
+be neither rejected nor reduced by the Imperial Diet, without the
+concurrence of the Government.
+
+     Article 68. In order to meet special requirements, the
+Government may ask the consent of the Imperial Diet to a certain
+amount as a Continuing Expenditure Fund, for a previously fixed
+number of years.
+
+     Article 69. In order to supply deficiencies, which are
+unavoidable, in the Budget, and to meet requirements unprovided
+for in the same, a Reserve Fund shall be provided in the Budget.
+
+     Article 70. When the Imperial Diet cannot be convoked, owing
+to the external or internal condition of the country, in case of
+urgent need for the maintenance of public safety, the Government
+may take all necessary financial measures, by means of an
+Imperial Ordinance.
+
+     (2) In the case mentioned in the preceding clause, the
+matter shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet at its next
+session, and its approbation shall be obtained thereto.
+
+     Article 71. When the Imperial Diet has not voted on the
+Budget, or when the Budget has not been brought into actual
+existence, the Government shall carry out the Budget of the
+preceding year.
+
+     Article 72. The final account of the expenditures and
+revenues of the State shall be verified and confirmed by the
+Board of Audit, and it shall be submitted by the Government to
+the Imperial Diet, together with the report of verification of
+the said board. 
+
+     (2) The organization and competency of the Board of Audit
+shall of determined by law separately.
+
+                CHAPTER VII. SUPPLEMENTARY RULES
+
+     Article 73. When it has become necessary in future to amend
+the provisions of the present Constitution, a project to the
+effect shall be submitted to the Imperial Diet by Imperial Order.
+
+     (2) In the above case, neither House can open the debate,
+unless not less than two-thirds of the whole number of Members
+are present, and no amendment can be passed, unless a majority of
+not less than two-thirds of the Members present is obtained.
+
+     Article 74. No modification of the Imperial House Law shall
+be required to be submitted to the deliberation of the Imperial
+Diet.
+
+     (2) No provision of the present Constitution can be modified
+by the Imperial House Law.
+
+     Article 75. No modification can be introduced into the
+Constitution, or into the Imperial House Law, during the time of
+a Regency.
+
+     Article 76. Existing legal enactments, such as laws,
+regulations, Ordinances, or by whatever names they may be called,
+shall, so far as they do not conflict with the present
+Constitution, continue in force.
+
+     (2) All existing contracts or orders, that entail
+obligations upon the Government, and that are connected with
+expenditure, shall come within the scope of Article 67.
+
+(The above is the semi-official translation, which appeared in H.
+Ito, Commentaries on the Constitution of the Empire of Japan,
+trans. M. Ito, 1889.)
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg Etext of Previous Constitution of Japan [1889]
+
diff --git a/old/cjold10.zip b/old/cjold10.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b57109b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/cjold10.zip