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Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58772ae --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60951 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60951) diff --git a/old/60951-0.txt b/old/60951-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 25b4167..0000000 --- a/old/60951-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,851 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Service, by Henry David Thoreau - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Service - -Author: Henry David Thoreau - -Release Date: December 20, 2019 [eBook #60951] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SERVICE *** - - - - -The Service - -by Henry David Thoreau - - - - -Contents - - I. Qualities of the Recruit - II. What Music Shall We Have? - III. Not How Many, But Where the Enemy Are - - - - -I. -Qualities of the Recruit - - - _Spes sibi quisque._ Virgil - Each one his own hope. - -The brave man is the elder son of creation, who has stept buoyantly -into his inheritance, while the coward, who is the younger, waiteth -patiently till he decease. He rides as wide of this earth’s gravity as -a star, and by yielding incessantly to all the impulses of the soul, is -constantly drawn upward and becomes a fixed star. His bravery deals not -so much in resolute action, as healthy and assured rest; its palmy -state is a staying at home and compelling alliance in all directions. -So stands his life to heaven, as some fair sunlit tree against the -western horizon, and by sunrise is planted on some eastern hill, to -glisten in the first rays of the dawn. The brave man braves nothing, -nor knows he of his bravery. He is that sixth champion against Thebes, -whom, when the proud devices of the rest have been recorded, the poet -describes as “bearing a full-orbed shield of solid brass,” - - “But there was no device upon its circle, - For not to seem just but to be is his wish.” - -He does not present a gleaming edge to ward off harm, for that will -oftenest attract the lightning, but rather is the all-pervading ether, -which the lightning does not strike but purify. So is the profanity of -his companion as a flash across the face of his sky, which lights up -and reveals its serene depths. Earth cannot shock the heavens, but its -dull vapor and foul smoke make a bright cloud spot in the ether, and -anon the sun, like a cunning artificer, will cut and paint it, and set -it for a jewel in the breast of the sky. - -His greatness is not measurable; not such a greatness as when we would -erect a stupendous piece of art, and send far and near for materials, -intending to lay the foundations deeper, and rear the structure higher -than ever; for hence results only a remarkable bulkiness without -grandeur, lacking those true and simple proportions which are -independent of size. He was not builded by that unwise generation that -would fain have reached the heavens by piling one brick upon another; -but by a far wiser, that builded inward and not outward, having found -out a shorter way, through the observance of a higher art. The Pyramids -some artisan may measure with his line; but if he gives you the -dimensions of the Parthenon in feet and inches, the figures will not -embrace it like a cord, but dangle from its entablature like an elastic -drapery. - -His eye is the focus in which all the rays, from whatever side, are -collected; for, itself being within and central, the entire -circumference is revealed to it. Just as we scan the whole concave of -the heavens at a glance, but can compass only one side of the pebble at -our feet. So does his discretion give prevalence to his valor. -“Discretion is the wise man’s soul” says the poet. His prudence may -safely go many strides beyond the utmost rashness of the coward; for, -while he observes strictly the golden mean, he seems to run through all -extremes with impunity. Like the sun, which, to the poor worldling, now -appears in the zenith, now in the horizon, and again is faintly -reflected from the moon’s disk, and has the credit of describing an -entire great circle, crossing the equinoctial and solstitial -colures,—without detriment to his steadfastness or mediocrity. The -golden mean, in ethics, as in physics, is the centre of the system, and -that about which all revolve; and, though to a distant and plodding -planet it be the uttermost extreme, yet one day, when that planet’s -year is complete, it will be found to be central. They who are alarmed -lest Virtue should so far demean herself as to be extremely good, have -not yet wholly embraced her, but described only a slight arc of a few -seconds about her; and from so small and ill-defined a curvature, you -can calculate no centre whatever; but their mean is no better than -meanness, nor their medium than mediocrity. - -The coward wants resolution, which the brave man can do without. He -recognizes no faith but a creed, thinking this straw, by which he is -moored, does him good service, because his sheet-anchor does not drag. -“The house-roof fights with the rain; he who is under shelter does not -know it.” In his religion the ligature, which should be muscle and -sinew, is rather like that thread which the accomplices of Cylon held -in their hands, when they went abroad from the temple of Minerva,—the -other end being attached to the statue of the goddess. But frequently, -as in their case, the thread breaks, being stretched; and he is left -without an asylum. - -The divinity in man is the true vestal fire of the temple, which is -never permitted to go out, but burns as steadily, and with as pure a -flame, on the obscure provincial altars as in Numa’s temple at Rome. In -the meanest are all the materials of manhood, only they are not rightly -disposed. We say, justly, that the weak person is “flat,”—for, like all -flat substances, he does not stand in the direction of his strength, -that is, on his edge, but affords a convenient surface to put upon. He -slides all the way through life. Most things are strong in one -direction; a straw longitudinally; a board in the direction of its -edge; a knee transversely to its grain; but the brave man is a perfect -sphere, which cannot fall on its flat side, and is equally strong every -way. The coward is wretchedly spheroidal at best, too much educated or -drawn out on one side, and depressed on the other; or may be likened to -a hollow sphere, whose disposition of matter is best when the greatest -bulk is intended. - -We shall not attain to be spherical by lying on one or the other side -for an eternity, but only by resigning ourselves implicitly to the law -of gravity in us, shall we find our axis coincident with the celestial -axis, and by revolving incessantly through all circles, acquire a -perfect sphericity. Mankind, like the earth, revolve mainly from west -to east, and so are flattened at the pole. But does not philosophy give -hint of a movement commencing to be rotary at the poles too, which in a -millennium will have acquired increased rapidity, and help restore an -equilibrium? And when at length every star in the nebulæ and Milky Way -has looked down with mild radiance for a season, exerting its whole -influence as the polar star, the demands of science will in some degree -be satisfied. - -The grand and majestic have always somewhat of the undulatoriness of -the sphere. It is the secret of majesty in the rolling gait of the -elephant, and of all grace in action and in art. Always the line of -beauty is a curve. When with pomp a huge sphere is drawn along the -streets, by the efforts of a hundred men, I seem to discover each -striving to imitate its gait, and keep step with it,—if possible to -swell to its own diameter. But onward it moves, and conquers the -multitude with its majesty. What shame, then, that our lives, which -might so well be the source of planetary motion, and sanction the order -of the spheres, should be full of abruptness and angularity, so as not -to roll nor move majestically! - -The Romans “made Fortune sirname to Fortitude,” for fortitude is that -alchemy that turns all things to good fortune. The man of fortitude, -whom the Latins called _fortis_ is no other than that lucky person whom -_fors_ favors, or _vir summae fortis_. If we will, every bark may -“carry Cæsar and Cæsar’s fortune.” For an impenetrable shield, stand -inside yourself; he was no artist, but an artisan, who first made -shields of brass. For armor of proof, _mea virtute me involvo_,—I wrap -myself in my virtue; - - “Tumble me down, and I will sit - Upon my ruins, smiling yet.” - -If you let a single ray of light through the shutter, it will go on -diffusing itself without limit till it enlighten the world; but the -shadow that was never so wide at first, as rapidly contracts till it -comes to naught. The shadow of the moon, when it passes nearest the -sun, is lost in space ere it can reach our earth to eclipse it. Always -the System shines with uninterrupted light; for as the sun is so much -larger than any planet, no shadow can travel far into space. We may -bask always in the light of the System, always may step back out of the -shade. No man’s shadow is as large as his body, if the rays make a -right angle with the reflecting surface. Let our lives be passed under -the equator, with the sun in the meridian. - -There is no ill which may not be dissipated like the dark, if you let -in a stronger light upon it. Overcome evil with good. Practice no such -narrow economy as they, whose bravery amounts to no more light than a -farthing candle, before which most objects cast a shadow wider than -themselves. - -Nature refuses to sympathize with our sorrow; she has not provided -_for_, but by a thousand contrivances _against_ it: she has bevelled -the margin of the eyelids, that the tears may not overflow on the -cheeks. It was a conceit of Plutarch, accounting for the preference -given to signs observed on the left hand, that men may have thought -“things terrestrial and mortal directly over against heavenly and -divine things, and do conjecture that the things which to us are on the -left hand, the gods send down from their right hand.” If we are not -blind, we shall see how a right hand is stretched over all,—as well the -unlucky as the lucky,—and that the ordering Soul is only right-handed, -distributing with one palm all our fates. - -What first suggested that necessity was grim, and made fate to be so -fatal? The strongest is always the least violent. Necessity is my -eastern cushion on which I recline. My eye revels in its prospect as in -the summer haze. I ask no more but to be left alone with it. It is the -bosom of time and the lap of eternity. To be necessary is to be -needful, and necessity is only another name for inflexibility of good. -How I welcome my grim fellow, and walk arm in arm with him! Let me too -be such a Necessity as he! I love him, he is so flexile, and yields to -me as the air to my body. I leap and dance in his midst, and play with -his beard till he smiles. I greet thee, my elder brother! who with thy -touch ennoblest all things. Then is holiday when naught intervenes -betwixt me and thee. Must it be so,—then is it good. The stars are thy -interpreters to me. - -Over Greece hangs the divine necessity, ever a mellower heaven of -itself; whose light gilds the Acropolis and a thousand fanes and -groves. - - - - -II. -What Music Shall We Have? - - - Each more melodious note I hear - Brings this reproach to me, - That I alone afford the ear, - Who would the music be. - -The brave man is the sole patron of music; he recognizes it for his -mother tongue; a more mellifluous and articulate language than words, -in comparison with which, speech is recent and temporary. It is his -voice. His language must have the same majestic movement and cadence -that philosophy assigns to the heavenly bodies. The steady flux of his -thought constitutes time in music. The universe falls in and keeps pace -with it, which before proceeded singly and discordant. Hence are poetry -and song. When Bravery first grew afraid and went to war, it took Music -along with it. The soul is delighted still to hear the echo of her own -voice. Especially the soldier insists on agreement and harmony always. -To secure these he falls out. Indeed, it is that friendship there is in -war that makes it chivalrous and heroic. It was the dim sentiment of a -noble friendship for the purest soul the world has seen, that gave to -Europe a crusading era. War is but the compelling of peace. If the -soldier marches to the sack of a town, he must be preceded by drum and -trumpet, which shall identify his cause with the accordant universe. -All things thus echo back his own spirit, and thus the hostile -territory is preoccupied for him. He is no longer insulated, but -infinitely related and familiar. The roll-call musters for him all the -forces of Nature. - -There is as much music in the world as virtue. In a world of peace and -love music would be the universal language, and men greet each other in -the fields in such accents as a Beethoven now utters at rare intervals -from a distance. All things obey music as they obey virtue. It is the -herald of virtue. It is God’s voice. In it are the centripetal and -centrifugal forces. The universe needed only to hear a divine melody, -that every star might fall into its proper place, and assume its true -sphericity. It entails a surpassing affluence on the meanest thing; -riding over the heads of sages, and soothing the din of philosophy. -When we listen to it we are so wise that we need not to know. All -sounds, and more than all, silence, do fife and drum for us. The least -creaking doth whet all our senses, and emit a tremulous light, like the -aurora borealis, over things. As polishing expresses the vein in -marble, and the grain in wood, so music brings out what of heroic lurks -anywhere. It is either a sedative or a tonic to the soul. - -I read that “Plato thinks the gods never gave men music, the science of -melody and harmony, for mere delectation or to tickle the ear; but that -the discordant parts of the circulations and beauteous fabric of the -soul, and that of it that roves about the body, and many times for want -of tune and air, breaks forth into many extravagances and excesses, -might be sweetly recalled and artfully wound up to their former consent -and agreement.” - -A sudden burst from a horn startles us, as if one had rashly provoked a -wild beast. We admire his boldness; he dares wake the echoes which he -cannot put to rest. The sound of a bugle in the stillness of the night -sends forth its voice to the farthest stars, and marshals them in new -order and harmony. Instantly it finds a fit sounding-board in the -heavens. The notes flash out on the horizon like heat lightning, -quickening the pulse of creation. The heavens say, Now is this my own -earth. - -To the sensitive soul the Universe has her own fixed measure, which is -its measure also, and as this, expressed in the regularity of its -pulse, is inseparable from a healthy body, so is its healthiness -dependent on the regularity of its rhythm. In all sounds the soul -recognizes its own rhythm, and seeks to express its sympathy by a -correspondent movement of the limbs. When the body marches to the -measure of the soul, then is true courage and invincible strength. The -coward would reduce this thrilling sphere-music to a universal -wail,—this melodious chant to a nasal cant. He thinks to conciliate all -hostile influences by compelling his neighborhood into a partial -concord with himself; but his music is no better than a jingle, which -is akin to a jar,—jars regularly recurring. He blows a feeble blast of -slender melody, because Nature can have no more sympathy with such a -soul than it has of cheerful melody in itself. Hence hears he no -accordant note in the universe, and is a coward, or consciously outcast -and deserted man. But the brave man, without drum or trumpet, compels -concord everywhere, by the universality and tunefulness of his soul. - -Let not the faithful sorrow that he has no ear for the more fickle and -subtle harmonies of creation, if he be awake to the slower measure of -virtue and truth. If his pulse does not beat in unison with the -musician’s quips and turns, it accords with the pulse-beat of the ages. - -A man’s life should be a stately march to an unheard music; and when to -his fellows it may seem irregular and inharmonious, he will be stepping -to a livelier measure, which only his nicer ear can detect. There will -be no halt, ever, but at most a marching on his post, or such a pause -as is richer than any sound, when the deeper melody is no longer heard, -but implicitly consented to with the whole life and being. He will take -a false step never, even in the most arduous circumstances; for then -the music will not fail to swell into greater volume, and rule the -movement it inspired. - - - - -III. -Not How Many, But Where the Enemy Are - - - —What’s brave, what’s noble, - Let’s do it after the high Roman fashion. - - Shakespeare - -When my eye falls on the stupendous masses of the clouds, tossed into -such irregular greatness across the cope of my sky, I feel that their -grandeur is thrown away on the meanness of my employments. In vain the -sun, thro’ morning and noon rolls defiance to man, and, as he sinks -behind his cloudy fortress in the west, challenges him to equal -greatness in his career; but, from his humbleness he looks up to the -domes and minarets and gilded battlements of the Eternal City, and is -content to be a suburban dweller outside the walls. We look in vain -over earth for a Roman greatness, to take up the gantlet which the -heavens throw down. Idomeneus would not have demurred at the freshness -of the last morning that rose to us, as unfit occasion to display his -valor in; and of some such evening as this, methinks, that Grecian -fleet came to anchor in the bay of Aulis. Would that it were to us the -eve of a more than ten years’ war,—a tithe of whose exploits, and -Achillean withdrawals, and godly interferences, would stock a library -of Iliads. - -Better that we have some of that testy spirit of knight errantry, and -if we are so blind as to think the world is not rich enough nowadays to -afford a real foe to combat, with our trusty swords and double-handed -maces, hew and mangle some unreal phantom of the brain. In the pale and -shivering fogs of the morning, gathering them up betimes, and -withdrawing sluggishly to their daylight haunts, I see Falsehood -sneaking from the full blaze of truth, and with good relish could do -execution on their rearward ranks, with the first brand that came to -hand. We too are such puny creatures as to be put to flight by the sun, -and suffer our ardor to grow cool in proportion as his increases; our -own short-lived chivalry sounds a retreat with the fumes and vapors of -the night; and we turn to meet mankind, with its meek face preaching -peace, and such non-resistance as the chaff that rides before the -whirlwind. - -Let not our Peace be proclaimed by the rust on our swords, or our -inability to draw them from their scabbards; but let her at least have -so much work on her hands as to keep those swords bright and sharp. The -very dogs that bay the moon from farmyards o’ these nights, do evince -more heroism than is tamely barked forth in all the civil exhortations -and war sermons of the age. And that day and night, which should be set -down indelibly in men’s hearts, must be learned from the pages of our -almanack. One cannot wonder at the owlish habits of the race, which -does not distinguish when its day ends and night begins; for, as night -is the season of rest, it would be hard to say when its toil ended and -its rest began. Not to it - - —returns - Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn, - Or sight of vernal bloom, or summer’s rose, - Or flocks or herds, or human face divine; - But cloud instead, and ever-during dark - Surrounds. - -And so the time lapses without epoch or era, and we know some -half-score of mornings and evenings by tradition only. Almost the night -is grieved and leaves her tears on the forelock of day, that men will -not rush to her embrace, and fulfill at length the pledge so forwardly -given in the youth of time. Men are a circumstance to themselves, -instead of causing the universe to stand around, the mute witness of -their manhood, and the stars to forget their sphere music and chant an -elegiac strain, that heroism should have departed out of their ranks -and gone over to humanity. - -It is not enough that our life is an easy one; we must live on the -stretch, retiring to our rest like soldiers on the eve of a battle, -looking forward with ardor to the strenuous sortie of the morrow. “Sit -not down in the popular seats and common level of virtues, but endeavor -to make them heroical. Offer not only peace-offerings but holocausts -unto God.” To the brave soldier the rust and leisure of peace are -harder than the fatigues of war. As our bodies court physical -encounters, and languish in the mild and even climate of the tropics, -so our souls thrive best on unrest and discontent. The soul is a -sterner master than any King Frederick; for a true bravery would -subject our bodies to rougher usage than even a grenadier could -withstand. We too are dwellers within the purlieus of the camp. When -the sun breaks through the morning mist, I seem to hear the din of war -louder than when his chariot thundered on the plains of Troy. The thin -fields of vapor, spread like gauze over the woods, form extended lawns -whereon high tournament is held; - - Before each van - Prick forth the aery knights, and couch their spears, - Till thickest legions close. - -It behoves us to make life a steady progression, and not be defeated by -its opportunities. The stream which first fell a drop from heaven, -should be filtered by events till it burst out into springs of greater -purity, and extract a diviner flavor from the accidents through which -it passes. Shall man wear out sooner than the sun? and not rather dawn -as freshly, and with such native dignity stalk down the hills of the -East into the bustling vale of life, with as lofty and serene a -countenance to roll onward through midday, to a yet fairer and more -promising setting? In the crimson colors of the west I discover the -budding hues of dawn. To my western brother it is rising pure and -bright as it did to me; but only the evening exhibits in the still rear -of day, the beauty which through morning and noon escaped me. Is not -that which we call the gross atmosphere of evening the accumulated deed -of the day, which absorbs the rays of beauty, and shows more richly -than the naked promise of the dawn? Let us look to it that by earnest -toil in the heat of the noon, we get ready a rich western blaze against -the evening. - -Nor need we fear that the time will hang heavy when our toil is done; -for our task is not such a piece of day-labor, that a man must be -thinking what he shall do next for a livelihood,—but such, that as it -began in endeavor, so will it end only when no more in heaven or on -earth remains to be endeavored. Effort is the prerogative of virtue. -Let not death be the sole task of life,—the moment when we are rescued -from death to life, and set to work,—if indeed that can be called a -task which all things do but alleviate. Nor will we suffer our hands to -lose one jot of their handiness by looking behind to a mean recompense; -knowing that our endeavor cannot be thwarted, nor we be cheated of our -earnings unless by not earning them. It concerns us, rather, to be -somewhat here present, than to leave something behind us; for, if that -were to be considered, it is never the deed men praise, but some marble -or canvas, which are only a staging to the real work. The hugest and -most effective deed may have no sensible result at all on earth, but -may paint itself in the heavens with new stars and constellations. When -in rare moments our whole being strives with one consent, which we name -a yearning, we may not hope that our work will stand in any artist’s -gallery on earth. The bravest deed, which for the most part is left -quite out of history,—which alone wants the staleness of a deed done, -and the uncertainty of a deed doing,—is the life of a great man. To -perform exploits is to be temporarily bold, as becomes a courage that -ebbs and flows,—the soul, quite vanquished by its own deed, subsiding -into indifference and cowardice; but the exploit of a brave life -consists in its momentary completeness. - -Every stroke of the chisel must enter our own flesh and bone; he is a -mere idolater and apprentice to art who suffers it to grate dully on -marble. For the true art is not merely a sublime consolation and -holiday labor, which the gods have given to sickly mortals; but such a -masterpiece as you may imagine a dweller on the tablelands of central -Asia might produce, with threescore and ten years for canvas, and the -faculties of a man for tools,—a human life; wherein you might hope to -discover more than the freshness of Guido’s Aurora, or the mild light -of Titian’s landscapes,—no bald imitation nor even rival of Nature, but -rather the restored original of which she is the reflection. For such a -masterpiece as this, whole galleries of Greece and Italy are a mere -mixing of colors and preparatory quarrying of marble. - -Of such sort, then, be our crusade,—which, while it inclines chiefly to -the hearty good will and activity of war, rather than the insincerity -and sloth of peace, will set an example to both of calmness and -energy;—as unconcerned for victory as careless of defeat,—not seeking -to lengthen our term of service, nor to cut it short by a reprieve,—but -earnestly applying ourselves to the campaign before us. Nor let our -warfare be a boorish and uncourteous one, but a higher courtesy attend -its higher chivalry,—though not to the slackening of its tougher duties -and severer discipline. That so our camp may be a palæstra, wherein the -dormant energies and affections of men may tug and wrestle, not to -their discomfiture, but to their mutual exercise and development. - -What were Godfrey and Gonsalvo unless we breathed a life into them and -enacted their exploits as a prelude to our own? The Past is the canvas -on which our idea is painted,—the dim prospectus of our future field. -We are dreaming of what we are to do. Methinks I hear the clarion -sound, and clang of corselet and buckler, from many a silent hamlet of -the soul. The signal gun has long since sounded, and we are not yet on -our posts. Let us make such haste as the morning, and such delay as the -evening. - - Henry D. Thoreau - - -_July, 1840_. - - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SERVICE *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Service</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Henry David Thoreau</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: December 20, 2019 [eBook #60951]</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SERVICE ***</div> - -<h1>The Service</h1> - -<h2 class="no-break">by Henry David Thoreau</h2> - -<hr /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2>Contents</h2> - -<table summary="" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"> - -<tr> -<td> <a href="#chap01">I. Qualities of the Recruit</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td> <a href="#chap02">II. What Music Shall We Have?</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td> <a href="#chap03">III. Not How Many, But Where the Enemy Are</a></td> -</tr> - -</table> - -</div><!--end chapter--> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="chap01"></a>I.<br/> -Qualities of the Recruit</h2> - -<p class="poem"> -<i>Spes sibi quisque.</i> Virgil<br/> -Each one his own hope. -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -The brave man is the elder son of creation, who has stept buoyantly into his -inheritance, while the coward, who is the younger, waiteth patiently till he -decease. He rides as wide of this earth’s gravity as a star, and by -yielding incessantly to all the impulses of the soul, is constantly drawn -upward and becomes a fixed star. His bravery deals not so much in resolute -action, as healthy and assured rest; its palmy state is a staying at home and -compelling alliance in all directions. So stands his life to heaven, as some -fair sunlit tree against the western horizon, and by sunrise is planted on some -eastern hill, to glisten in the first rays of the dawn. The brave man braves -nothing, nor knows he of his bravery. He is that sixth champion against Thebes, -whom, when the proud devices of the rest have been recorded, the poet describes -as “bearing a full-orbed shield of solid brass,” -</p> - -<p class="poem"> -“But there was no device upon its circle,<br/> -For not to seem just but to be is his wish.” -</p> - -<p> -He does not present a gleaming edge to ward off harm, for that will oftenest -attract the lightning, but rather is the all-pervading ether, which the -lightning does not strike but purify. So is the profanity of his companion as a -flash across the face of his sky, which lights up and reveals its serene -depths. Earth cannot shock the heavens, but its dull vapor and foul smoke make -a bright cloud spot in the ether, and anon the sun, like a cunning artificer, -will cut and paint it, and set it for a jewel in the breast of the sky. -</p> - -<p> -His greatness is not measurable; not such a greatness as when we would erect a -stupendous piece of art, and send far and near for materials, intending to lay -the foundations deeper, and rear the structure higher than ever; for hence -results only a remarkable bulkiness without grandeur, lacking those true and -simple proportions which are independent of size. He was not builded by that -unwise generation that would fain have reached the heavens by piling one brick -upon another; but by a far wiser, that builded inward and not outward, having -found out a shorter way, through the observance of a higher art. The Pyramids -some artisan may measure with his line; but if he gives you the dimensions of -the Parthenon in feet and inches, the figures will not embrace it like a cord, -but dangle from its entablature like an elastic drapery. -</p> - -<p> -His eye is the focus in which all the rays, from whatever side, are collected; -for, itself being within and central, the entire circumference is revealed to -it. Just as we scan the whole concave of the heavens at a glance, but can -compass only one side of the pebble at our feet. So does his discretion give -prevalence to his valor. “Discretion is the wise man’s soul” -says the poet. His prudence may safely go many strides beyond the utmost -rashness of the coward; for, while he observes strictly the golden mean, he -seems to run through all extremes with impunity. Like the sun, which, to the -poor worldling, now appears in the zenith, now in the horizon, and again is -faintly reflected from the moon’s disk, and has the credit of describing -an entire great circle, crossing the equinoctial and solstitial -colures,—without detriment to his steadfastness or mediocrity. The golden -mean, in ethics, as in physics, is the centre of the system, and that about -which all revolve; and, though to a distant and plodding planet it be the -uttermost extreme, yet one day, when that planet’s year is complete, it -will be found to be central. They who are alarmed lest Virtue should so far -demean herself as to be extremely good, have not yet wholly embraced her, but -described only a slight arc of a few seconds about her; and from so small and -ill-defined a curvature, you can calculate no centre whatever; but their mean -is no better than meanness, nor their medium than mediocrity. -</p> - -<p> -The coward wants resolution, which the brave man can do without. He recognizes -no faith but a creed, thinking this straw, by which he is moored, does him good -service, because his sheet-anchor does not drag. “The house-roof fights -with the rain; he who is under shelter does not know it.” In his religion -the ligature, which should be muscle and sinew, is rather like that thread -which the accomplices of Cylon held in their hands, when they went abroad from -the temple of Minerva,—the other end being attached to the statue of the -goddess. But frequently, as in their case, the thread breaks, being stretched; -and he is left without an asylum. -</p> - -<p> -The divinity in man is the true vestal fire of the temple, which is never -permitted to go out, but burns as steadily, and with as pure a flame, on the -obscure provincial altars as in Numa’s temple at Rome. In the meanest are -all the materials of manhood, only they are not rightly disposed. We say, -justly, that the weak person is “flat,”—for, like all flat -substances, he does not stand in the direction of his strength, that is, on his -edge, but affords a convenient surface to put upon. He slides all the way -through life. Most things are strong in one direction; a straw longitudinally; -a board in the direction of its edge; a knee transversely to its grain; but the -brave man is a perfect sphere, which cannot fall on its flat side, and is -equally strong every way. The coward is wretchedly spheroidal at best, too much -educated or drawn out on one side, and depressed on the other; or may be -likened to a hollow sphere, whose disposition of matter is best when the -greatest bulk is intended. -</p> - -<p> -We shall not attain to be spherical by lying on one or the other side for an -eternity, but only by resigning ourselves implicitly to the law of gravity in -us, shall we find our axis coincident with the celestial axis, and by revolving -incessantly through all circles, acquire a perfect sphericity. Mankind, like -the earth, revolve mainly from west to east, and so are flattened at the pole. -But does not philosophy give hint of a movement commencing to be rotary at the -poles too, which in a millennium will have acquired increased rapidity, and -help restore an equilibrium? And when at length every star in the nebulæ and -Milky Way has looked down with mild radiance for a season, exerting its whole -influence as the polar star, the demands of science will in some degree be -satisfied. -</p> - -<p> -The grand and majestic have always somewhat of the undulatoriness of the -sphere. It is the secret of majesty in the rolling gait of the elephant, and of -all grace in action and in art. Always the line of beauty is a curve. When with -pomp a huge sphere is drawn along the streets, by the efforts of a hundred men, -I seem to discover each striving to imitate its gait, and keep step with -it,—if possible to swell to its own diameter. But onward it moves, and -conquers the multitude with its majesty. What shame, then, that our lives, -which might so well be the source of planetary motion, and sanction the order -of the spheres, should be full of abruptness and angularity, so as not to roll -nor move majestically! -</p> - -<p> -The Romans “made Fortune sirname to Fortitude,” for fortitude is -that alchemy that turns all things to good fortune. The man of fortitude, whom -the Latins called <i>fortis</i> is no other than that lucky person whom -<i>fors</i> favors, or <i>vir summae fortis</i>. If we will, every bark may -“carry Cæsar and Cæsar’s fortune.” For an impenetrable -shield, stand inside yourself; he was no artist, but an artisan, who first made -shields of brass. For armor of proof, <i>mea virtute me involvo</i>,—I -wrap myself in my virtue; -</p> - -<p class="poem"> -“Tumble me down, and I will sit<br/> -Upon my ruins, smiling yet.” -</p> - -<p> -If you let a single ray of light through the shutter, it will go on diffusing -itself without limit till it enlighten the world; but the shadow that was never -so wide at first, as rapidly contracts till it comes to naught. The shadow of -the moon, when it passes nearest the sun, is lost in space ere it can reach our -earth to eclipse it. Always the System shines with uninterrupted light; for as -the sun is so much larger than any planet, no shadow can travel far into space. -We may bask always in the light of the System, always may step back out of the -shade. No man’s shadow is as large as his body, if the rays make a right -angle with the reflecting surface. Let our lives be passed under the equator, -with the sun in the meridian. -</p> - -<p> -There is no ill which may not be dissipated like the dark, if you let in a -stronger light upon it. Overcome evil with good. Practice no such narrow -economy as they, whose bravery amounts to no more light than a farthing candle, -before which most objects cast a shadow wider than themselves. -</p> - -<p> -Nature refuses to sympathize with our sorrow; she has not provided <i>for</i>, -but by a thousand contrivances <i>against</i> it: she has bevelled the margin -of the eyelids, that the tears may not overflow on the cheeks. It was a conceit -of Plutarch, accounting for the preference given to signs observed on the left -hand, that men may have thought “things terrestrial and mortal directly -over against heavenly and divine things, and do conjecture that the things -which to us are on the left hand, the gods send down from their right -hand.” If we are not blind, we shall see how a right hand is stretched -over all,—as well the unlucky as the lucky,—and that the ordering -Soul is only right-handed, distributing with one palm all our fates. -</p> - -<p> -What first suggested that necessity was grim, and made fate to be so fatal? The -strongest is always the least violent. Necessity is my eastern cushion on which -I recline. My eye revels in its prospect as in the summer haze. I ask no more -but to be left alone with it. It is the bosom of time and the lap of eternity. -To be necessary is to be needful, and necessity is only another name for -inflexibility of good. How I welcome my grim fellow, and walk arm in arm with -him! Let me too be such a Necessity as he! I love him, he is so flexile, and -yields to me as the air to my body. I leap and dance in his midst, and play -with his beard till he smiles. I greet thee, my elder brother! who with thy -touch ennoblest all things. Then is holiday when naught intervenes betwixt me -and thee. Must it be so,—then is it good. The stars are thy interpreters -to me. -</p> - -<p> -Over Greece hangs the divine necessity, ever a mellower heaven of itself; whose -light gilds the Acropolis and a thousand fanes and groves. -</p> - -</div><!--end chapter--> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="chap02"></a>II.<br/> -What Music Shall We Have?</h2> - -<p class="poem"> -Each more melodious note I hear<br/> -Brings this reproach to me,<br/> -That I alone afford the ear,<br/> -Who would the music be. -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -The brave man is the sole patron of music; he recognizes it for his mother -tongue; a more mellifluous and articulate language than words, in comparison -with which, speech is recent and temporary. It is his voice. His language must -have the same majestic movement and cadence that philosophy assigns to the -heavenly bodies. The steady flux of his thought constitutes time in music. The -universe falls in and keeps pace with it, which before proceeded singly and -discordant. Hence are poetry and song. When Bravery first grew afraid and went -to war, it took Music along with it. The soul is delighted still to hear the -echo of her own voice. Especially the soldier insists on agreement and harmony -always. To secure these he falls out. Indeed, it is that friendship there is in -war that makes it chivalrous and heroic. It was the dim sentiment of a noble -friendship for the purest soul the world has seen, that gave to Europe a -crusading era. War is but the compelling of peace. If the soldier marches to -the sack of a town, he must be preceded by drum and trumpet, which shall -identify his cause with the accordant universe. All things thus echo back his -own spirit, and thus the hostile territory is preoccupied for him. He is no -longer insulated, but infinitely related and familiar. The roll-call musters -for him all the forces of Nature. -</p> - -<p> -There is as much music in the world as virtue. In a world of peace and love -music would be the universal language, and men greet each other in the fields -in such accents as a Beethoven now utters at rare intervals from a distance. -All things obey music as they obey virtue. It is the herald of virtue. It is -God’s voice. In it are the centripetal and centrifugal forces. The -universe needed only to hear a divine melody, that every star might fall into -its proper place, and assume its true sphericity. It entails a surpassing -affluence on the meanest thing; riding over the heads of sages, and soothing -the din of philosophy. When we listen to it we are so wise that we need not to -know. All sounds, and more than all, silence, do fife and drum for us. The -least creaking doth whet all our senses, and emit a tremulous light, like the -aurora borealis, over things. As polishing expresses the vein in marble, and -the grain in wood, so music brings out what of heroic lurks anywhere. It is -either a sedative or a tonic to the soul. -</p> - -<p> -I read that “Plato thinks the gods never gave men music, the science of -melody and harmony, for mere delectation or to tickle the ear; but that the -discordant parts of the circulations and beauteous fabric of the soul, and that -of it that roves about the body, and many times for want of tune and air, -breaks forth into many extravagances and excesses, might be sweetly recalled -and artfully wound up to their former consent and agreement.” -</p> - -<p> -A sudden burst from a horn startles us, as if one had rashly provoked a wild -beast. We admire his boldness; he dares wake the echoes which he cannot put to -rest. The sound of a bugle in the stillness of the night sends forth its voice -to the farthest stars, and marshals them in new order and harmony. Instantly it -finds a fit sounding-board in the heavens. The notes flash out on the horizon -like heat lightning, quickening the pulse of creation. The heavens say, Now is -this my own earth. -</p> - -<p> -To the sensitive soul the Universe has her own fixed measure, which is its -measure also, and as this, expressed in the regularity of its pulse, is -inseparable from a healthy body, so is its healthiness dependent on the -regularity of its rhythm. In all sounds the soul recognizes its own rhythm, and -seeks to express its sympathy by a correspondent movement of the limbs. When -the body marches to the measure of the soul, then is true courage and -invincible strength. The coward would reduce this thrilling sphere-music to a -universal wail,—this melodious chant to a nasal cant. He thinks to -conciliate all hostile influences by compelling his neighborhood into a partial -concord with himself; but his music is no better than a jingle, which is akin -to a jar,—jars regularly recurring. He blows a feeble blast of slender -melody, because Nature can have no more sympathy with such a soul than it has -of cheerful melody in itself. Hence hears he no accordant note in the universe, -and is a coward, or consciously outcast and deserted man. But the brave man, -without drum or trumpet, compels concord everywhere, by the universality and -tunefulness of his soul. -</p> - -<p> -Let not the faithful sorrow that he has no ear for the more fickle and subtle -harmonies of creation, if he be awake to the slower measure of virtue and -truth. If his pulse does not beat in unison with the musician’s quips and -turns, it accords with the pulse-beat of the ages. -</p> - -<p> -A man’s life should be a stately march to an unheard music; and when to -his fellows it may seem irregular and inharmonious, he will be stepping to a -livelier measure, which only his nicer ear can detect. There will be no halt, -ever, but at most a marching on his post, or such a pause as is richer than any -sound, when the deeper melody is no longer heard, but implicitly consented to -with the whole life and being. He will take a false step never, even in the -most arduous circumstances; for then the music will not fail to swell into -greater volume, and rule the movement it inspired. -</p> - -</div><!--end chapter--> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="chap03"></a>III.<br/> -Not How Many, But Where the Enemy Are</h2> - -<p class="poem"> -—What’s brave, what’s noble,<br/> -Let’s do it after the high Roman fashion. -</p> - -<p class="left"> -Shakespeare -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -When my eye falls on the stupendous masses of the clouds, tossed into such -irregular greatness across the cope of my sky, I feel that their grandeur is -thrown away on the meanness of my employments. In vain the sun, thro’ -morning and noon rolls defiance to man, and, as he sinks behind his cloudy -fortress in the west, challenges him to equal greatness in his career; but, -from his humbleness he looks up to the domes and minarets and gilded -battlements of the Eternal City, and is content to be a suburban dweller -outside the walls. We look in vain over earth for a Roman greatness, to take up -the gantlet which the heavens throw down. Idomeneus would not have demurred at -the freshness of the last morning that rose to us, as unfit occasion to display -his valor in; and of some such evening as this, methinks, that Grecian fleet -came to anchor in the bay of Aulis. Would that it were to us the eve of a more -than ten years’ war,—a tithe of whose exploits, and Achillean -withdrawals, and godly interferences, would stock a library of Iliads. -</p> - -<p> -Better that we have some of that testy spirit of knight errantry, and if we are -so blind as to think the world is not rich enough nowadays to afford a real foe -to combat, with our trusty swords and double-handed maces, hew and mangle some -unreal phantom of the brain. In the pale and shivering fogs of the morning, -gathering them up betimes, and withdrawing sluggishly to their daylight haunts, -I see Falsehood sneaking from the full blaze of truth, and with good relish -could do execution on their rearward ranks, with the first brand that came to -hand. We too are such puny creatures as to be put to flight by the sun, and -suffer our ardor to grow cool in proportion as his increases; our own -short-lived chivalry sounds a retreat with the fumes and vapors of the night; -and we turn to meet mankind, with its meek face preaching peace, and such -non-resistance as the chaff that rides before the whirlwind. -</p> - -<p> -Let not our Peace be proclaimed by the rust on our swords, or our inability to -draw them from their scabbards; but let her at least have so much work on her -hands as to keep those swords bright and sharp. The very dogs that bay the moon -from farmyards o’ these nights, do evince more heroism than is tamely -barked forth in all the civil exhortations and war sermons of the age. And that -day and night, which should be set down indelibly in men’s hearts, must -be learned from the pages of our almanack. One cannot wonder at the owlish -habits of the race, which does not distinguish when its day ends and night -begins; for, as night is the season of rest, it would be hard to say when its -toil ended and its rest began. Not to it -</p> - -<p class="poem"> -—returns<br/> -Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn,<br/> -Or sight of vernal bloom, or summer’s rose,<br/> -Or flocks or herds, or human face divine;<br/> -But cloud instead, and ever-during dark<br/> -Surrounds. -</p> - -<p> -And so the time lapses without epoch or era, and we know some half-score of -mornings and evenings by tradition only. Almost the night is grieved and leaves -her tears on the forelock of day, that men will not rush to her embrace, and -fulfill at length the pledge so forwardly given in the youth of time. Men are a -circumstance to themselves, instead of causing the universe to stand around, -the mute witness of their manhood, and the stars to forget their sphere music -and chant an elegiac strain, that heroism should have departed out of their -ranks and gone over to humanity. -</p> - -<p> -It is not enough that our life is an easy one; we must live on the stretch, -retiring to our rest like soldiers on the eve of a battle, looking forward with -ardor to the strenuous sortie of the morrow. “Sit not down in the popular -seats and common level of virtues, but endeavor to make them heroical. Offer -not only peace-offerings but holocausts unto God.” To the brave soldier -the rust and leisure of peace are harder than the fatigues of war. As our -bodies court physical encounters, and languish in the mild and even climate of -the tropics, so our souls thrive best on unrest and discontent. The soul is a -sterner master than any King Frederick; for a true bravery would subject our -bodies to rougher usage than even a grenadier could withstand. We too are -dwellers within the purlieus of the camp. When the sun breaks through the -morning mist, I seem to hear the din of war louder than when his chariot -thundered on the plains of Troy. The thin fields of vapor, spread like gauze -over the woods, form extended lawns whereon high tournament is held; -</p> - -<p class="poem"> -Before each van<br/> -Prick forth the aery knights, and couch their spears,<br/> -Till thickest legions close. -</p> - -<p> -It behoves us to make life a steady progression, and not be defeated by its -opportunities. The stream which first fell a drop from heaven, should be -filtered by events till it burst out into springs of greater purity, and -extract a diviner flavor from the accidents through which it passes. Shall man -wear out sooner than the sun? and not rather dawn as freshly, and with such -native dignity stalk down the hills of the East into the bustling vale of life, -with as lofty and serene a countenance to roll onward through midday, to a yet -fairer and more promising setting? In the crimson colors of the west I discover -the budding hues of dawn. To my western brother it is rising pure and bright as -it did to me; but only the evening exhibits in the still rear of day, the -beauty which through morning and noon escaped me. Is not that which we call the -gross atmosphere of evening the accumulated deed of the day, which absorbs the -rays of beauty, and shows more richly than the naked promise of the dawn? Let -us look to it that by earnest toil in the heat of the noon, we get ready a rich -western blaze against the evening. -</p> - -<p> -Nor need we fear that the time will hang heavy when our toil is done; for our -task is not such a piece of day-labor, that a man must be thinking what he -shall do next for a livelihood,—but such, that as it began in endeavor, -so will it end only when no more in heaven or on earth remains to be -endeavored. Effort is the prerogative of virtue. Let not death be the sole task -of life,—the moment when we are rescued from death to life, and set to -work,—if indeed that can be called a task which all things do but -alleviate. Nor will we suffer our hands to lose one jot of their handiness by -looking behind to a mean recompense; knowing that our endeavor cannot be -thwarted, nor we be cheated of our earnings unless by not earning them. It -concerns us, rather, to be somewhat here present, than to leave something -behind us; for, if that were to be considered, it is never the deed men praise, -but some marble or canvas, which are only a staging to the real work. The -hugest and most effective deed may have no sensible result at all on earth, but -may paint itself in the heavens with new stars and constellations. When in rare -moments our whole being strives with one consent, which we name a yearning, we -may not hope that our work will stand in any artist’s gallery on earth. -The bravest deed, which for the most part is left quite out of -history,—which alone wants the staleness of a deed done, and the -uncertainty of a deed doing,—is the life of a great man. To perform -exploits is to be temporarily bold, as becomes a courage that ebbs and -flows,—the soul, quite vanquished by its own deed, subsiding into -indifference and cowardice; but the exploit of a brave life consists in its -momentary completeness. -</p> - -<p> -Every stroke of the chisel must enter our own flesh and bone; he is a mere -idolater and apprentice to art who suffers it to grate dully on marble. For the -true art is not merely a sublime consolation and holiday labor, which the gods -have given to sickly mortals; but such a masterpiece as you may imagine a -dweller on the tablelands of central Asia might produce, with threescore and -ten years for canvas, and the faculties of a man for tools,—a human life; -wherein you might hope to discover more than the freshness of Guido’s -Aurora, or the mild light of Titian’s landscapes,—no bald imitation -nor even rival of Nature, but rather the restored original of which she is the -reflection. For such a masterpiece as this, whole galleries of Greece and Italy -are a mere mixing of colors and preparatory quarrying of marble. -</p> - -<p> -Of such sort, then, be our crusade,—which, while it inclines chiefly to -the hearty good will and activity of war, rather than the insincerity and sloth -of peace, will set an example to both of calmness and energy;—as -unconcerned for victory as careless of defeat,—not seeking to lengthen -our term of service, nor to cut it short by a reprieve,—but earnestly -applying ourselves to the campaign before us. Nor let our warfare be a boorish -and uncourteous one, but a higher courtesy attend its higher -chivalry,—though not to the slackening of its tougher duties and severer -discipline. That so our camp may be a palæstra, wherein the dormant energies -and affections of men may tug and wrestle, not to their discomfiture, but to -their mutual exercise and development. -</p> - -<p> -What were Godfrey and Gonsalvo unless we breathed a life into them and enacted -their exploits as a prelude to our own? The Past is the canvas on which our -idea is painted,—the dim prospectus of our future field. We are dreaming -of what we are to do. Methinks I hear the clarion sound, and clang of corselet -and buckler, from many a silent hamlet of the soul. The signal gun has long -since sounded, and we are not yet on our posts. Let us make such haste as the -morning, and such delay as the evening. -</p> - -<p class="right"> -Henry D. Thoreau -</p> - -<p> -<i>July, 1840</i>. -</p> - -</div><!--end chapter--> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SERVICE ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. 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