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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Bookplates - -Author: Edward Almack - -Release Date: December 6, 2019 [EBook #60858] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOOKPLATES *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - LITTLE BOOKS ON ART - - GENERAL EDITOR: CYRIL DAVENPORT - - BOOKPLATES - - - - - LITTLE BOOKS ON ART - - _Demy 16mo. 2s. 6d. net._ - - - SUBJECTS - - MINIATURES. ALICE CORKRAN - BOOKPLATES. EDWARD ALMACK - GREEK ART. H. B. WALTERS - ROMAN ART. H. B. WALTERS - THE ARTS OF JAPAN. MRS. C. M. SALWEY - JEWELLERY. C. DAVENPORT - CHRIST IN ART. MRS. H. JENNER - OUR LADY IN ART. MRS. H. JENNER - CHRISTIAN SYMBOLISM. H. JENNER - ILLUMINATED MSS. J. W. BRADLEY - ENAMELS. MRS. NELSON DAWSON - FURNITURE. EGAN MEW - - - ARTISTS - - ROMNEY. GEORGE PASTON - DÜRER. L. JESSIE ALLEN - REYNOLDS. J. SIME - WATTS. MISS R. E. D. SKETCHLEY - HOPPNER. H. P. K. SKIPTON - TURNER. FRANCES TYRRELL-GILL - HOGARTH. EGAN MEW - BURNE-JONES. FORTUNÉE DE LISLE - LEIGHTON. ALICE CORKRAN - REMBRANDT. MRS. E. A. SHARP - VELASQUEZ. WILFRID WILBERFORCE AND A. R. GILBERT - VANDYCK. MISS M. G. SMALLWOOD - DAVID COX. ARTHUR TOMSON - HOLBEIN. BEATRICE FORTESCUE - COROT. ETHEL BIRNSTINGL AND MRS. A. POLLARD - MILLET. NETTA PEACOCK - CLAUDE. E. DILLON - GREUZE AND BOUCHER. ELIZA F. POLLARD - RAPHAEL. A. R. DRYHURST - - [Illustration: (_see page 11_)] - - - - - BOOKPLATES - - BY - EDWARD ALMACK, F.S.A. - - WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS - - METHUEN & CO. - 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. - LONDON - 1904 - - - - -CONTENTS - - -CHAPTER I - -INTRODUCTORY - -General remarks--Various modes of engraving--Styles in bookplates - - _page_ 1 - - -CHAPTER II - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -Very early plates--Albrecht Dürer--Other German artists--Early -English 11 - - -CHAPTER III - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -Lucas Cranach--Charles V.--Hans Holbein--Early French and -English bookplates--Sir Nicholas Bacon--Queen Elizabeth--Bookplates -that are not armorial--Bookplates in Switzerland, -Sweden, and Italy 20 - - -CHAPTER IV - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -The seventeenth century begins--German plates--William Marshall--Lord -Littleton--Huet, Bishop of Avranches 30 - - -CHAPTER V - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -Some French and some German plates--The cap of liberty--Buonaparte--Alsace -and Lorraine 38 - - -CHAPTER VI - -BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING - -Viscount Cholmondeley--James Loch of Drylaw--William Pitt of -Binfield 44 - -CHAPTER VII - -SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN THE -BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT PURPOSE - -Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick--Wrest Park -plates--Sir John Lubbock 53 - - -CHAPTER VIII - -CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES - -William Sharp the engraver--The Rev. John Watson--Edward -Trotter--Patrick Colquhoun 62 - - -CHAPTER IX - -MODERN BOOKPLATES - -Remarks on examples given in _The Studio_, special winter number, -1898-9 69 - - -CHAPTER X - -VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES - -The proper place for a bookplate is in a book--Gordon of Buthlaw--Spencer -Perceval--William Wilberforce--A bookplate for a -special purpose--George Ormerod--Robert Surtees--Cathedral -plates 76 - - -CHAPTER XI - -BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 121 - - -CHAPTER XII - -INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS - -John Collet of Little Gidding--A book that was in the Battle of -Corunna--Henry Howard--Sir Percivall Hart--John Crane -and the Battle of Naseby 155 - -BIBLIOGRAPHY 172 - -INDEX 175 - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - - -SAINT BENEDICT _Frontispiece_ - - PAGE - -NOVACELLA 16 - -MARIDAT, P. 38 - -MALDEN, PAUL DE 40 - -MERCATOR, NICHOLAS 44 - -PEPPER, PRESCOTT 46 - -VAUGHAN, FRA. 48 - -THROCKMORTON, SIR ROBERT 50 - -MORS, SOLA RESOLVIT 51 - -BECKWITH, THOMAS 52 - -BUNSEN, C. C. 56 - -EARL DE GREY 57 - -LUBBOCK, SIR J. W. 58 - -CARRUTHERS, WILLIAM 60 - -SHARP, WILLIAM 62 - -WATSON, THE REV. JOHN 63 - -TROTTER, EDWARD 64 - -GORDON OF BUTHLAW 76 - -PERCEVAL, THE HONBLE. SPENCER 77 - -EARL OF GUILDFORD 78 - -WILBERFORCE, WILLIAM 80 - -CONSTABLE, THE REV. JOHN 86 - -BATEMAN, WILLIAM 88 - -DUKE OF BEAUFORT 90 - -CONDUITT, JOHN 91 - -WHEATLEY, HENRY B. 92 - -RAINE, JAMES 93 - -FIOTT, JOHN 96 - -DUKE OF SUSSEX 98 - -CAMPBELL, THE HONBLE. ARCHIBALD 100 - -CAMPBELL OF SHAWFIELD 102 - -GURNEY, HUDSON 104 - -CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL 105 - -NEWCOME, THE REV. T. 106 - -WOOD, THE REV. MANLEY 107 - -PRINCESS SOPHIA 109 - -BANDINEL, BULKELEY 109 - -BLISS, PHILIP 110 - -DENHOLM, SIR JAMES STEWART 112 - -OUSELEY, SIR GORE 116 - -HEATHCOTE, GEORGE PARKER 118 - -JARVIS, SAMUEL FARMAR 146 - - - - -BOOKPLATES - - - - -CHAPTER I - -INTRODUCTORY - -General remarks--Various modes of engraving--Styles in bookplates. - - -Of course some people have exaggerated the importance of bookplates, and -on the other hand some have affected to ignore them. Now the simple fact -is that bookplates belong to books, and anything that has to do with -books will assuredly charm cultivated minds until time shall be no more. -If this essential point were oftener remembered, the exaggerations of -both sides would be avoided. - -In Germany, a country where bookplates very early found a home, the word -_bibliothekzeichen_, or library label, is used. Germans also use the -name _ex libris_, and in France the Latin expression _ex libris_ is the -only term in use. Naturally the owner’s name in the genitive case is -always understood. In France manuscript inscriptions of ownership are -very fittingly included as _ex libris_. - -It is too late to change now; but, at all events, whether included or -not under any special word, manuscript inscriptions in books by their -owners will always be a very interesting study. - -What, as explained above, are in France included under _ex libris_, were -known long before the days of printing, as personal inscriptions with or -without the delineation of armorial bearings are often to be found -forming part of the text of books in manuscript. In fact the various -relationships of wealthy patron, learned scribe, and skilled -illuminator, gave much scope for these. - -To come to what may be said to be known everywhere as _ex libris_, is to -treat of those wonderful days when the earliest printed books were still -a novelty. Directly several people or institutions each had copies of a -certain printed book, each copy being a duplicate of the other, a wish -arose to distinguish ownership. - -Before treating further of bookplates, it will be well to clearly point -out the different kinds of blocks or plates. The woodcut block, known -in some manner to the Chinese 400 years before, was first cut in Europe -early in the fifteenth century. The St. Christopher engraved in Germany -in 1423, is probably the earliest. The piece of wood to be engraved was -cut longwise with the grain, as a plank is cut to-day. A thin piece of -some soft wood, such as pear, apple, or lime, was chosen, the design -drawn upon it, and then with a knife the engraver cut away to a certain -depth everything except the drawn design. - -In modern times--about 1785--a revolution took place in wood engraving, -when Bewick began to engrave on a piece of wood cut endwise, and with a -graver instead of a knife. Bewick chose some very hard wood, usually -box. This manner has been continued to this day; and sometimes to -distinguish the old art from the new, as the one is so different from -the other, the former is called a woodcut and the latter wood-engraving. - -Next as to etchings. To produce an etching a copper plate is covered -with wax, then with an etching-needle the design is drawn through the -wax to the copper. Acid is then applied, which, of course, only eats out -the copper where the design has been etched. - -Now as to copper-plate line engravings. The engraver first traces on -the plate the outline of his design, and then with the -triangular-pointed graver he furrows out the lines, inclining his graver -deeper or shallower according as he wishes to produce varying effects. -Copper-plate engraving has been practised ever since early in the -fifteenth century. About 1820 engraving on steel came into vogue. More -impressions can be taken from a steel than from a copper plate; but -steel is more difficult to engrave upon. By a new process, however, a -copper plate can now be strengthened with a steel film. - -Mezzotint engraving is an art by itself, and of great interest to -English readers, because of the many charming mezzotint engravings after -England’s great portrait-painter, Sir Joshua Reynolds; and also by -reason of Prince Rupert, the brave cavalier’s, close connection with the -art. He has often been said to have invented mezzotint; but the first -credit for this is now given to another gallant soldier, Ludwig von -Siegen, who engraved a plate in 1642, and kept his discovery a profound -secret until, in 1654, he found himself in Brussels with Prince Rupert. -The two kindred spirits meeting, the secret was soon unfolded. Rupert -became as eager in another field as if he were leading a cavalry charge, -and in four years’ time appeared his splendid mezzotint engraving, The -Executioner of John the Baptist. As the object of this book is not to -give a serious treatise on elaborate methods of engraving, it will best -express mezzotint to state that it is in general terms produced by the -opposite process from a line engraving, A very smooth copper-plate -surface is, as it were, engraved all over. Then the design is wrought on -this by a scraping process. - -A kind of stipple or dotted engraving was known early in the sixteenth -century; but what is really famous as stipple and dotted engraving, only -came into vogue in the eighteenth century. The copper plate was first -covered with wax, and a dotted outline of the subject pricked through -the wax with an etching-needle. Then the shadows were filled in, and -finally acid used, as with an etching, Francesco Bartolozzi’s is -probably the name best known in this connection, though in masterly -ability, William Ryland, who was hanged for forgery, far surpassed him. - -In aquatint engraving, the plate to be engraved is covered with a -solution made of resin and spirits of wine; this process produces a -surface more or less open to the action of acids when applied. In the -hands of a skilful manipulator, a fine engraving results from this -“more or less” condition. - -Here, in beginning to record the succeeding styles of _ex libris_, let -us refer to the varieties which have prevailed at different times -amongst Deutschland bookplates. In the first place careful note must be -made regarding six coloured drawings of the fourteenth century which -Herr Warnecke includes as bookplates, in his splendid work--_Die -Deutschen Bücherzeichen_. Now if once it be admitted that something -inscribed in a book as in fact a necessary integral part of that book, -is a bookplate, then it becomes impracticable to draw a distinguishing -line. - -Next, if like the old preachers, we divided the description into three -headings, firstly, secondly, and thirdly, we should on this subject -record: firstly, German _ex libris_ are armorial; secondly, they are -armorial; thirdly, they are armorial. Especially in the earlier plates, -the crest is always in its proper place over a helmet, and the helmet -over the shield of arms. It would be well if with just an artistic frame -to enclose the whole the bookplate stopped there; but alas, there is -only too often besides a multitude of fantastic accessories, which give -a confusing instead of a pleasing impression. Coming down towards the -seventeenth century, you are sometimes favoured (?) with a fantastic -maze of the quarterings and emblems of the owner’s relatives to the -fortieth generation. - -Predominant in the seventeenth century is what is known as the Baroque -style, with designs of endless curves and contortions, drawn in a very -heavy manner. - -Some of the plates which are most pleasing, are those where the arms are -surrounded by light wreaths of leaves and flowers. - -Reaching the eighteenth century, the Rococo or Shell style, begun in -France, becomes common in German bookplates. Late in the century there -are, too, some curious and pleasing allegorical plates. - -Of early nineteenth-century German _ex libris_, perhaps the less said -the better; but a few are good and all help in making history, so that -it is interesting to know that the famous author and collector, Karl -Emich Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg, had between seven hundred and eight -hundred specimens. - -Since then, with the union of Germany, has come, as all the world knows, -an artistic and literary development in _ex libris_, as well as in other -branches of art. All this, and a million other points about German -bookplates, are admirably told in the late Karl Emich Count zu -Leiningen-Westerburg’s book, translated into English for the _ex libris_ -series. - -In the styles of French bookplates, the more or less simple armorial is -most often met in the earlier examples, although one of the best -known--that of Charles Ailleboust, Bishop of Autun, had nothing armorial -about it. - -Heraldry, of course, took an early and masterful hold of the French -aristocracy, although even in France, in quite early years, it was found -necessary to fix fearful fines and penalties for people assuming -insignia to which they had no lawful claim. - -Up to about 1650, the almost rectangular shield prevailed in French -bookplates; but soon after this, oval shields predominate, and not -seldom capped by coronets to which the owners had no title. There is -often at the base of the shield a solid plinth, usually bearing the -chief inscription. - -Then in the latter half of the eighteenth century comes the Rococo or -Shell style of bookplate. At the same time, too, there are of course -Field-Marshals’ _ex libris_, defended by guns, and Lord High Admirals’ -bookplates reclining amongst anchors. - -In 1790 the French Assembly passed a decree annulling the titles of -duke, count, marquis, viscount, baron, and chevalier; also doing away -with all armorial bearings. - -In regard to the styles of English bookplates we cannot do better than, -for the most part, to refer to the learning of Mr. W. J. Hardy--a man -steeped to the finger-tips in ancient lore. - -Up to about 1720, “Simple Armorial” is the best brief record. The shield -is surmounted by a helmet, on which are the wreath and crest. From the -helmet is outspread mantling, more or less voluminous. In earlier -examples this terminates generally in tassels, before reaching the base -of the shield. In later examples its heavy folds descend quite to the -base, and often ascend from the helmet to the level of the top of the -crest. Below is a scroll for the motto, and below that, the owner’s -name. Next we come to what is known as the Jacobean style, but to which -the much more fitting name of “Queen Anne and early Georgian” should be -given. The style includes mainly an ornamental frame, suggestive of -carved work, resting as often as not upon some kind of conventional -support; the ornamentation of both frame and support being of the -interior architectural order, making frequent use of fish scales and -trellis or diaper patterns for the decoration of plain surface. - -Next we find the Rococo style introduced from across the Channel, and -this before long time, merging into the well-known Chippendale style, so -closely associated with English bookplates. After this, in English -bookplates comes the festoon, or wreath-and-ribbon style, in which -certainly many charming _ex libris_ were engraved. As Mr. Egerton Castle -points out, one of the surest ways of knowing this later Georgian style -is by the spade shape of the shields, and altogether a manner which -calls up memories of designers and architects such as Sir W. Chambers, -Adams, Wedgwood, or Sheraton. - - - - -CHAPTER II - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -Very early plates--Albert Dürer--Other German artists--Early English. - - -The bookplate here given as a frontispiece, may be the oldest in the -world. At all events, it remains to this day a fifteenth-century -bookplate in a fifteenth-century book. The work is a Latin treatise on -logic, in a German hand. Mr. W. H. J. Weale has very kindly looked at -the book, and writes: “The binding is German, I think Bavarian; but -although the same stamps, or rather, to be accurate, some of them, occur -on several bookbindings I have copied, I have never been able to locate -them. The S. Benedict with the book, and glass with the serpent issuing -from it, is evidently German; the arms have nothing to do with the -Saint, or the order, nor are they the arms of an abbey, but no doubt -those of a layman to whom the book belonged.”[A] - -Now to come to the real or almost personal story of engraved bookplates -or _ex libris_, as we may call them indifferently. First we will talk of -the oldest, and then gradually come down to our own time. Germany was -the fatherland of bookplates, and it is of great interest to remember -that it was, too, the fatherland of printing and of wood-engraving. - -The earliest known engraved bookplate is that of Hildebrand Brandenburg, -a monk of the Carthusian Monastery at Buxheim, near Memmingen, to which -he was evidently in the habit of presenting books. The woodcut shows an -angel holding a shield on which are displayed the arms of the -Brandenburg family, a black ox with a ring passed through its nose. - -The late Karl Emich Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg, the great authority -on German _ex libris_, suggests that either Biberach or Ulm was the -birthplace of this bookplate, and in or about the year 1470, which is a -year before Albert Dürer was born. - -Another bookplate, also armorial, of about the same date, and found in a -book given to this same monastery at Buxheim, is that of Wilhelm von -Zell. Lastly, there has as yet been found one other which is grouped -with these two, as of about the same date. It represents a hedgehog with -a flower in its mouth, on grass strewn with flowers. It was engraved -for Hans Igler. Igel means a hedgehog, and at the head of the _ex -libris_ is cut the inscription: “Hanns Igler das dich ein Igel Küs.” - -After this there may be mentioned the following six plates before we -turn over the leaf of a new century. The inscribed armorial _ex libris_ -of Thomas Wolphius, Pontificii Juris Doctor, and that of Rupprecht -_Muntzinger_, a block of South German origin, and ascribed by some to -the hand of M. Wohlgemuth. Two anonymous plates, both armorial, and in -saying anonymous it must not be supposed that the owner was not well -known in his day, and probably long afterwards. One represents the head -of a bull caboshed, with a sickle issuing from it. The other, the -fleur-de-lis, is on a shield, and for crest, the half figure of a man -with a battle-axe. Then two bookplates, the body of which has been -engraved and space left for one or another person to use them. - -Passing now into the sixteenth century, and still keeping to chronology -as our main guide, we can turn at once to Albrecht Dürer as a designer -of _ex libris_, and we now move on to safer ground, as we begin to find -dates, and then soon names or monograms of engravers. - -Albrecht Dürer, the second son of Albrecht Dürer, goldsmith, was born -in the good city of Nuremberg on the 21st May, 1471. - -Like Benvenuto Cellini, born some thirty years later, young Albrecht -Dürer’s first experience of handiwork was in the goldsmith’s craft; but -with a difference, as Benvenuto Cellini learned the goldsmith’s art -against his father’s will. On St. Andrew’s Day, 1486, young Albrecht had -the joy of inducing his father to apprentice him for three years to -Michel Wohlgemut. This step, important in the young artist’s life, is -especially important in our consideration, as, with the aid of Anton -Koburger, the princely printer, who was Albrecht Dürer’s godfather, -Michel Wohlgemut founded the great Nuremberg school of wood-engraving. -From 1490 to 1494 Dürer was on his travels, and spent some while in -Venice, where he was again in 1505 to 1507. On the 14th July, 1494, -after his home-coming from his first wanderings, he was married to -Agnes, the daughter of Hans Frey. For the rest, this is not the place -for a history of his works. His noble life was closed on the 6th of -April, 1528, and thus before he had reached the age at which many -artists have done their best work; but what vast treasures he had -wrought within those fifty-seven years! - -The following five _ex libris_ have been, on good authority, distinctly -ascribed to Albrecht Dürer’s art: two varieties of a woodcut made for -Willibald Pirckheimer, of Nuremberg, one with and one without the -well-known motto “Sibi et Amicis.” This is a fine armorial plate with -helmet, and arms of himself and his wife. One of three _ex libris_ used -by Johann Stab, a learned mathematician and poet, a friend of Albrecht -Dürer. This is an armorial plate, and is distinguished by having a -laurel wreath; but no inscription. In the Albertina Museum at Vienna is -Dürer’s original drawing in violet ink for the armorial woodcut -bookplate of his friend Lazarus Spengler, Recorder of Nuremberg. The -armorial woodcut _ex libris_ of Johann Tscherte, exhibiting a satyr and -dogs. Tschert, in Bohemian, means a satyr or devil. - -Besides the foregoing, there exist several sketches by Dürer which can -hardly have been intended for anything but bookplates; and also, before -passing from Dürer, the large bookplate for Dr. Hector Pömer, the last -Prior of the Abbey of St. Laurence in Nuremberg, must be mentioned. In -itself a beautiful work of art, it bears a date, 1525, and the -wood-engraver’s initials, “R. A.” The drawing is worthy of the hand of -Dürer himself, and “R. A.” probably cut the block in Dürer’s studio, -from the great master’s own design. On the chief shield are the arms of -the monastery, the gridiron of St. Laurence quartering the arms of -Pomer. By the shield, stands St. Laurence holding in one hand a -gridiron, and in the other the martyr’s palm. The motto: “To the pure -all things are pure,” is given, as was Dürer’s wont, in Hebrew, Greek, -and Latin. At the bottom of all is the owner’s name, “D. Hector Pomer -Praepos S. Lavr.” - -Before quite leaving Dürer, the earliest dated German bookplate should -be named, as some think that he had a hand in it, especially as it was -for a friend of his, Hieronymus Ebner von Eschenbach, born in Nuremberg -on the 5th of January, 1477, educated at Ingolstadt, and afterwards in -the household of the Emperor Maximilian, he became a learned lawyer and -judge. He was a friend and ally of Martin Luther, and engaged in a -cultivated correspondence with many of the leaders of that age. - -Following the start given by Albrecht Dürer, Nuremberg continued to be -the home of bookplate engraving; but very soon copper-plate engraving -took the place of woodcuts. - -[Illustration] - -Two of the best engravers were two brothers, Hans Sebald Beham, born in -1500, and Barthel Beham, born in 1502. Both were skilful engravers, and -both were expelled their native city as heretics. The elder engraved the -plate for one of Dr. Hector Pomer’s smaller _ex libris_, and the younger -brother engraved the two varieties of bookplates for Luther’s friend, -Hieronymous Baumgartner. He also engraved a plate for Melchior Pfinzing, -provost of a church in Mainz. - -Here we will turn aside from Germany for a moment just to refer to an -undoubted English bookplate of this early period. It remains to this day -in a book known to have belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, and afterwards to -Henry VIII. This, though not an engraving, is none the less a bookplate. -Mr. W. J. Hardy, our best authority on English _ex libris_, has -described it: A carefully drawn sketch of the cardinal’s arms, with -supporters, and surmounted by a cardinal’s hat, the whole coloured by -hand. - -Thus the very earliest English _ex libris_ of which we know was used by -the more than princely Thomas Wolsey, and at some time between 1514 and -his death in 1530, in which interval he was the arbiter of empires, -sometimes journeying attended by a personal retinue of two hundred -gentlemen in crimson velvet, and then, later, what a contrast--“He was -without beds, sheets, table-cloths, cups and dishes!” - -Matthias Jundt, born at Nuremberg in 1498, and died in 1586, engraved a -good number of _ex libris_. He produced several for members of the -Nuremberg family of Pfinzing, and in one of them, that of Seyfried -Pfinzing von Henfenfeld, there is used one of those fanciful conceits so -common of old; the motto “Saluti Patriæ Vixisse Honestat” is used to -show the owner’s initials. Virgil Solis, born at Nuremberg in 1514, -engraved both on copper and on wood, working mostly from his own -designs. The engravings known to be by him number eight hundred. He -engraved an _ex libris_ block for Gundlach of Nuremberg in 1555. It -represents Pomona, with the arms of Gundlach and Fürleger, in a -beautiful landscape. In the same year he engraved an armorial and -landscape plate for Andreas Imhof, another Nuremberger. This is our -first mention of landscape bookplates, but it will be by no means the -last. The last of this set of engravers whom we will mention was not a -native of Nuremberg, but came there from Zurich, at the age of -twenty-one, in 1560, and died there in 1591. His best work was in -woodcuts. The curious in calligraphy will find that he signed his -initials in twelve different forms. His name was Jost Amman. - -In _German Bookplates_, translated for George Bell and Sons’ _ex libris_ -series, nearly twenty bookplates engraved by Jost Amman are enumerated, -and good reproductions are given of several. There is the usual armorial -shield, but a large amount of richly decorative renaissance engraving -outside it. In the plate engraved for Veit August Holzschuher, the owner -has evidently signed his name in a space at the foot of the block left -for it. His arms fittingly display a pair of wooden shoes to fit his -name. One cannot help wishing that more of these early private _ex -libris_ had such a space, bearing the ancient owner’s autograph. - - - - -CHAPTER III - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - - Lucas Cranach--Charles V.--Hans Holbein--Early French and English - bookplates--Sir Nicholas Bacon--Queen Elizabeth--Bookplates that - are not armorial--Bookplates in Switzerland, Sweden, and Italy. - - -In the _ex libris_ which Jost Amman made for “Johann Fischart genannt -Mentzer” the initial letters J.F.G.M. are the initial letters, too, of -the owner’s motto: “Jove fovente gignitur Minerva.” - -Leaving now the Nuremberg school, we come to Lucas Cranach the elder. He -is just one of those figures of old time of whom one would like to know -much more. His chivalrous attachment to Frederick the Magnanimous, the -last of three Electors of Saxony, all of whom he served, points to noble -traits of character. He shared all the sufferings of Frederick the -Magnanimous in the five years that he was in the hands of Charles V., -although himself an old man, went with him to Weimar on his release in -1552, and died there in his eighty--first year, on the 16th October, -1553. His paintings and engravings are without number, the latter mostly -woodcuts. One special interest of his work is that he was fond of -introducing homely portraits of his friends, and portraits always give -great interest to _ex libris_. - -Among the _ex libris_ from the hand of Lucas Cranach the elder are the -woodcuts, in four different sizes, engraved for the Library of -Wittenberg University, and each bearing the portrait of Frederick the -Magnanimous. - -At the foot of each is the inscription-- - - “Et patris, et patrui, famam, virtutibus, æquat. - Sui patris et patrui, nobile nomen habet. - Adserit, invicto divinum pectore verbum, - Et Musas omni dexteritate juvat. - Hinc etiam ad promptos studiorum contulit usus, - Inspicis hoc præsens quod modo Lector opus.” - -Hans Holbein has been credited with the designs for two woodcuts _ex -libris_. - -With the great amount and variety of work done by Holbein it would be -most natural that he should have designed some _ex libris_. We of to-day -can only deal with what has survived. For instance, scores of precious -works printed three hundred years ago have wholly passed out of -knowledge. - -What a charming bookplate Hans Holbein would have invented--who knows -that he did not?--say, for his noble martyr friend Sir Thomas -More--perhaps depicting sweet Margaret Roper reading to her father, -adding at foot of the plate some quaint motto from Erasmus! Hans Holbein -lived scarcely forty-six years. - -Next we will mention Hans Burgkmaier, born, too, at Augsburg in 1473, -and a son of Hans Holbein the elder’s father-in-law. Several _ex libris_ -have been assigned to his hand; but with no certainty. The Emperor -Maximilian I. was his patron, and Albrecht Dürer his friend. - -Now we reach about the time of what, until lately, was accounted the -earliest French bookplate with a date. This bears the brief but -comprehensive inscription: “Ex bibliotheca Caroli Albosii. E. Eduensis. -Ex labore quies.” The earliest known dated English _ex libris_ is also -of 1574; but we always, in courtesy, put our friends before ourselves, -and remember Napier’s splendid remark on hearing that Lord Mahon had -contemptuously spoken of Napier’s History as the best “French” history -of the war: “I always thought that to be generous to a noble foe was -truly English, until my Lord Mahon informed me it was wholly French.” - -Sir Nicholas Bacon’s bookplate bears his arms with helmet surmounted by -crest; the crest being, of course, the only crest that could belong to -Bacon. The Germans very properly never dreamt that a crest ought to -appear anywhere but on a helmet. We have not been so correct. This -recalls the blank amazement of a German on beholding a British officer -in plain clothes. I remember thirty years ago, in Germany, my friend -FitzRoy Gardner happening to show a photograph of Field-Marshal Sir John -Burgoyne in plain clothes. The exclamation came at once, “He cannot be -an officer, he is not in uniform.” This was, of course, the chivalrous -old warrior who, in his yacht, brought the lovely Empress of the French -safely to our shores. - -This very interesting and early English bookplate has at the foot Sir -Nicholas Bacon’s motto: “Mediocria Firma,” and we need not go here in -full into the point of its date, which is fairly established. It is with -an inscription in books given in 1574 by Sir Nicholas Bacon to Cambridge -University. Sir Nicholas, perhaps best known for being the father of -Francis, was the close friend of Cecil, Lord Burleigh, and Matthew -Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, fellow-ministers with him of Queen -Elizabeth. Queen Bess often made herself his guest, and after her visit -of six days in 1577, her host had the door by which she had passed under -his roof nailed up, so that no one, after her, might cross the same -threshold. Oh for the picturesque days of old! Lord Beaconsfield alone, -in our day, might have thought of such a graceful act. - -The second dated engraved English bookplate known at present is that of -Sir Thomas Tresham, knighted by Queen Bess in 1575. The plate is -armorial, with a huge array of quarterings; helmet surmounted by crest -in proper style. Inscription: “Fecit mihi magna qui potens est. 1585. -Jun. 29.”, and below the arms: “S Tho: Tresame Knight.” - -Sir Thomas married Muriel, daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton, and -their son was Francis, “a wylde and unstayed man,” who first engaged in, -and then revealed, the Gunpowder Plot. The father’s dying, in 1605, was -probably the cause of the son’s not going forward in the plot, as he -inherited property which would steady his aspirations. Sir Thomas left -interesting memories of himself in fine buildings; and particularly in -his own county of Northampton, the market-house at Rothwell, and the -triangular lodge at Rushton. - -A characteristic German plate of about 1570 is that of Johann Hector zum -Jungen, with his name thus engraved in full under his arms, and the -Latin motto: “Memorare nouissima tua,” at the top of the plate. In the -earliest _ex libris_ we did not find the owners’ names engraved. - -So far almost everything has been purely armorial, and now we will turn -to something different. This is a 1588 German plate; certainly it bears -a small shield of arms, but most of the plate is occupied with the -following engraved inscription: “Reverendus et Nobilis Dominus -Wolfgangus Andreas Rem à Ketz, Cathedralis Ecclesia August: Sum: -Præpositus, librum hunc unà cum mille et tribus aliis, variisque -instrumentis Mathematicis, Bibliothecæ Monasterii S. Crucis Augustæ, ad -perpetuum Conventualium usum. Anno Christi M.D.LXXXVIII. Testamento -legauit.” - -We have noticed 1574 as the date of the earliest English dated -bookplate, the next dated is not until 1585, and in France the gap is -still wider; 1574 is the earliest dated French plate, and the next that -has been found is dated 1611. - -In Sweden, too, many years passed after the 1595 example without a dated -successor. In Switzerland, also, where the earliest dated _ex libris_ -was in 1607, a long interval followed, in which we do not find dated -Swiss _ex libris_. In Italy we do not find any dated _ex libris_ before -1623. - -This 1611 plate is that of Alexandre Bouchart, Viscount de Blosseville. -This was found in a folio copy of the works of Ptolemy printed at -Amsterdam in 1605, in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. The -graver-work and probably the design, too, was done by Leonard Gaultier, -who also executed an engraved portrait of Alexandre Bouchart. Leonard -Gaultier was born at Mayence in about 1561, and died in Paris in 1641, -having engraved above eight hundred plates. - -Herr Carlander, the chief authority for Swedish bookplates, finds 1596 -the earliest date, and this on the plate of Senator Thure Bielke, of -whom we do not know much more than that to his own cost he took the -wrong side in politics, was beheaded in 1600, and had therefore no -further use for his dated _ex libris_. - -A German _ex libris_ of near this date is interesting, as, like a good -many others, it is to be found in three sizes. This is the _ex libris_ -of Johann Baptist Zeyll, designed by P. Opel, and cut on wood by C. L. -in 1593. - -Of course now in the days of photography it is easy to have your -bookplate in several sizes; but it was far otherwise in these old -times. - -Next must be named a plate engraved in 1613 for placing in the books -presented by William Willmer, a Northamptonshire gentleman, to his -college library in Cambridge. Mr. Griggs reproduced it among his -eighty-three armorial examples. It is inscribed “Sydney Sussex Colledge -Ex dono Wilhelmi Willmer de Sywell in Com. Northamtoniæ, Armigeri, -quondam pentionarii in ista Domi. Vizin Anno Domini 1599 seddedit in Anº -Dñi 1613.” - -In France, as likewise in England, there are hardly any dated bookplates -at this period. Mr. Walter Hamilton, in writing of French _ex libris_ -before 1650, refers to three in different sizes, all engraved for Jean -Bigot, Sieur de Sommesnil; and somewhat later, another set differing -from the former, and with the owner’s name engraved as Johannes Bigot. -After that we read of three bookplates engraved for the son, L. E. -Bigot. In this connection the late Mr. Walter Hamilton is drawn on to -give particulars of a family of ardent book collectors, thus -incidentally illustrating very happily how the possession of one dirty -scrap of paper--an old _ex libris_--may lead on from one fascinating -inquiry to another. - -A fine characteristic German ecclesiastical _ex libris_ of 1624 is the -plate given--page 330, George Bell and Sons--of Otto Gereon von Gutmann, -Doctor of Theology, Electoral Councillor, and Suffragan Bishop of -Cologne. - -A very fine armorial plate, of which we do not know the designer, the -engraver, nor the date, is that of Alexandre Petau. His father, Paul -Petau, Conseiller au Parlement de Paris, died in 1613, bequeathing to -his son a fine library of manuscripts and printed books. - -A bookplate in two sizes, engraved for Claude Sarrau, Councillor to the -Parliament of Paris. He died in 1651, and his son Isaac, in 1654, edited -his father’s correspondence with the learned of his time. The larger -Sarrau plate, and probably the smaller as well, were engraved by Isaac -Briot, who was born in 1585, and died in Paris in 1670. - -Reaching the seventeenth century, we find German _ex libris_ multiplying -greatly, but not improving in design. - -Armorial bookplates still predominate, but the shield is often in one -way or another surrounded by wreaths of leaves and flowers. It can -hardly be insisted on too clearly that there is nothing mysterious, -though much that is interesting, about the varying modes and manners of -_ex libris_. They, in fact, represented the art, customs, learning, and -taste of successive ages. - -Thus turn to Johann Sibmacher’s Wappenbüchlein, published in 1596, and -you will find plenty of illustrations of these wreaths, though with no -reference to bookplates. - - - - -CHAPTER IV - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -The seventeenth century begins--German plates--William Marshall--Lord -Littleton--Huet, Bishop of Avranches. - - -In 1604 Egidius Sadeler of Munich engraved for Arnold von Reyger a plate -which is both signed and dated. At the top of the plate is the Latin -motto “Ad Deum Refugium,” and in another part of the plate are the -letters “Z. G. M. Z.,” standing for “Zu Gott meine Zuflucht,” the German -version of the Latin motto. - -In 1619 Hans Hauer designed and Hans Troschel engraved a characteristic -and very elaborate _ex libris_ for Johann Wilhelm Krep von Krepenstein, -of Nuremberg. Both designer and engraver were natives of Nuremberg, the -former born in 1582, and the latter about six years later. - -In about the year 1623 Raphael Sadeler engraved a bookplate in three -sizes for the Electoral Library of the Dukes of Bavaria at Munich. He -also engraved a plate for the Elector Palatine’s libraries in -Heidelberg and in Rome. - -Raphael Sadeler and his elder brother Jan, and their nephew Gillis or -Egidius Sadeler, were all skilful with the graver. Raphael was born at -Brussels in 1555, and with his elder brother travelled through Germany, -producing many engravings, and afterwards settling at Venice. Egidius, -the nephew, was born at Antwerp in 1575; taught by his uncles Jan and -Raphael, he lived to far surpass his teachers. After spending some time -in Italy, he was invited to Prague by the Emperor Rudolph II. He died at -Prague in 1629. - -In 1640, or a little earlier, William Marshall engraved a bookplate for -Edward, Lord Littleton, born in 1589 at Munston, in Shropshire, his -father being Sir Edward Littleton, Chief Justice of North Wales, and his -mother being a daughter of Edmund Walter, Chief Justice of South Wales. -From Christ Church, Oxford, Littleton, in 1608, entered the Inner -Temple. On his father’s death, in 1621, he became Chief Justice of North -Wales. In 1625 he became member of Parliament for Leominster. He became -counsel to the University of Oxford, Reader to the Inner Temple, and -Recorder of London. In 1634 he was made Solicitor-General. In the -meantime his great learning and high character made him much respected, -and the City Aldermen sent him a courteous gift of two hogsheads of -claret and a pipe of canary. Next, he became Chief Justice of the Common -Pleas, and soon Lord Chancellor. In February, 1641, he was created Lord -Littleton of Munston. Happily for him he died young, as in those stormy -times he was too just a man to be a good party politician. It is -interesting to note that on May 21st, 1644, he was commissioned to raise -a regiment of foot soldiers, consisting of gentlemen of the Inns of -Court and Chancery and others, himself becoming colonel. The great Lord -Clarendon wrote of Littleton as a “handsome and proper man of a very -graceful presence, and notorious for courage, which in his youth he had -manifested with his sword.” - -Above all, Littleton was incorruptible, winning, and keeping the respect -of such opposite men as Clarendon and Bulstrode Whitelocke. Here we get -a glimpse of his library, as it is recorded that when the Commons seized -his books Whitelocke interceded and got the books given into his own -care, so that, as he expressed it, “when God gave them a happy -accommodation” he might restore them to rightful hands. The arms on the -bookplate are the arms of Lyttelton of Frankley. - -Littleton’s first wife was a daughter of John Lyttelton (spelt as you -please) of Frankley, Worcestershire. Littleton died at Oxford on August -27th, 1645, and is buried in Christ Church Cathedral. - -Not the least interesting point about this Littleton plate is that it -was engraved by William Marshall, a name or initials found on such a -great number of portraits and other book illustrations of this period. -Not very much is known about him. The dates of his works range from 1591 -to 1649. - -A characteristic German plate, dated 1645, is, by the good authority of -Warnecke, the work of the engraver Raphael Custos of Augsburg, eldest -son of Dominicus de Coster, painter and engraver, and grandson of Pieter -De Coster or Balten, poet and painter. This plate, engraved for Wilhelm -and Clara Krep von Krepenstein, embraces the coats-of-arms of the small -number of thirty-one ancestors. - - “curæ numen habet justu move 4° eneid. - inde cruce hinc trutina armatus regique deoque - milito disco meis hæc duo nempe libris - ex libris Petri Maridat in magno Regis - consilio Senatoris” - -are the inscriptions on the plate here illustrated of Theophilus Raynaud -or Raynald, born in Piedmont, and died at the age of eighty in Lyons on -October 31st, 1663. He was a learned Jesuit, and a most untiring student -all his life, but, unlike most inveterate readers, he was bitter and -morose of temper. Perhaps this was caused by his reading excesses, as it -is told that he thought fifteen minutes almost too much to give to any -meal. His portrait is in his: “tractatus depileo, cœterisque capitis -tegminibus tam sacris quam profanis. D. D. Petro de Maridat, in magno -Regis Christianissimi Consilio Senatori dicatus.” Under the portrait is -the shield-of-arms, as on the bookplate, and above it the motto: -“Dextera Domini fecit virtutem.” Below is: “Non potuit cœlum Capiti par -addere, tegmen, Hoc Cœli effigiem perficientis erit.” The engraving is -signed “L Spirinx fecit.” Nagler gives Ludwig Spirinx as an engraver -born at Lyons or Dijon, and working in Brussels from about 1640 to 1660. - -Coming once more to Nuremberg, there is the 1674 plate engraved by D. -Krüger for Colonel Georg Christof Volckamer. There is no inscription on -the plate, which shows a cherub sitting on a hill and holding a -shield-of-arms. The colonel was not content to choose between helmet and -coronet; he has elected to have both. - -One of the many plates of which the engraver is not known is that of -Franz Ludwig Anton Freiherr von Lerchenfeld-Prennberg. The shield is -borne on two flags crossing one another. At the foot of the plate is -engraved “Ex Libris, Francisci Ludovici,” etc., giving all the owner’s -titles. He was Chamberlain of the Munich High Court of Appeal. - -A well-known plate is that of Pierre Daniel Huet, Bishop of Avranches, -and probably the best-remembered holder of that ancient See, and tenant -of the famous Bishop’s Palace. He was Bishop of Avranches from 1689 to -1699, but, born at Caen in 1630, he was already, in 1650, a renowned -savant, and twelve years later founded the Academy of Sciences at Caen. -He did not become a priest until he was forty-six years old; but all his -life he was an enormous reader, and gifted with a wondrous memory. Of -course he wrote books as well as reading the lore of others. - -At Avranches visitors, calling for advice from their bishop, were told -“He cannot see you, he is studying”; and in vain they claimed that they -wanted to see a diocesan who had finished his studies. - -The plate was engraved in four sizes for the Jesuits’ College in Paris, -to which he gave his library in 1692. As he spent the latter years of -his long life with the Paris Jesuits he was not long separated from his -books, and lived ninety-two years, so that none might say that in him -much study had produced a weariness of the flesh. - -In 1692 another library, left this time by will, and accordingly, too, -another _ex libris_, came to the Jesuits of Paris, and from a friend of -Huet, Gilles Ménage. Like Huet, his appetite for study was vast and his -memory unfailing. Born at Angers in 1613, he died in Paris in 1692. Thus -he spent some eighty years among the shrewd litterateurs of that day, -and the following conversation need not be taken as a sign of want of -veracity on his part. Angers seems, like Crete of old, to have had a -lying reputation. He, asking a lady to define untruthfulness, received -for reply, that as for defining lying she did not quite know, but liar -she would define as “Monsieur Ménage!” - -It will be seen how little it had yet become the custom for bibliophiles -to have bookplates. Neither Huet nor Ménage used _ex libris_ for -themselves, and to this day no bookplate of Molière, or Racine, or La -Fontaine, or of many other leaders of that age has been found. - -After about 1650 a change is seen in the styles of French _ex libris_. -Helmets go out of use, and, for lack of better ideas, coronets are -assumed, often by those who had not the faintest right to them. The -square shield, in time, gives place to the oval form. - - - - -CHAPTER V - -BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY - -Some French and some German plates--The cap of -liberty--Buonaparte--Alsace and Lorraine. - - -As a date is always a signal advantage, the bookplate “Petri Antonii -Convers Laudonensis. L Monnier Divione. 1762” may be mentioned. It is, -of course, topped by the irrepressible coronet. Louis Gabriel Monnier -was born at Besançon in 1733, and died at Dijon in 1804. The Convers -plate is wholly Rococo; but taking from Walter Hamilton another French -_ex libris_ engraved but nine years later, we see that with some artists -the heavy brigade is already on duty. Here we have a big gun, an -armorial shield flanked by three flags on each side, but without any -graceful design. Still the inevitable coronet, and below all, the -inscription: “Le Chᵉʳ. Dé Bellehache officier de Cavalerie au Regᵗ -D’artois / 1771.” Here, after all, there is no possibility of mistaking -for whom this plate was engraved, - -[Illustration] - -and thus, though not beautiful, it quite fulfils its duty. - -Sixteen years later we have a plate which also has these essential -points, but is in the shell-work mode, light and elegant. Round the -upper part is a label inscribed: “Ex libris Ant. Franc Alex Boula de -Nanteuil,” and at the base: “Libellorum suplicum Magister. à mandatis -Regiæ &ᶜ &ᶜ--et in supremà Galliarum curià senator ad horrorem. 1777.” -The shield is azure, three bezants. - -Here is an instance of an _ex libris_ not inserted, but impressed, -seemingly a copper-plate engraving. The design is simple; but quite -serves its purpose. It is an oval frame surmounted by a ribbon tied in a -bow, and in the oval the words “Ex Bibliotheca Ecclesia Aug. Conf. -Posson.” The book is a copy of Prodromus idiomatis ... adparatus -criticus ad linguam Hungaricam ... auctore Georgio Kalmar ... Posonii, -... 1770. The copy bears also another ownership inscription--in other -words, another _ex libris_: “Obtulit / Frider. Frank. / Posen. / 1789. -/” - -A curious plate here illustrated is that of Peter Mairdat. - -Of about 1780 is the copper-plate of Klemens Wenzel, Duke of Saxony, -Prince of Bland, Elector-Archbishop of Trier, and Bishop of Augsburg. -The plate represents the arms of Augsburg, of Trier, of Saxony, and also -of Poland. - -This is not the place to write the story of the first great French -Revolution; but it is to the point of our subject in hand to note that -on June 20th, 1790, a decree was proposed and passed in the French -Assembly suppressing the titles of duke, count, marquis, viscount, -baron, and chevalier, and at the same time all armorial bearings were -done away with. Now followed a bad time for bookplate artists and -engravers. The cap of liberty and the bloody guillotine do not breathe -high artistic inspiration. - -The plate of Marshal Jourdan consists chiefly of a shield wholly -occupied with the simple inscription “Bibliothèque du Maréchal Jourdan.” - -Coming to the days of the first Empire, Buonaparte, the despot, ruled -armorial insignia with the same iron hand as he regulated anything else. -His orders and restrictions were numberless, and in particular he -introduced the various forms of a headdress denominated _une toque_. -Cities under Buonaparte’s sway bore certain badges according to whether -he ranked them as cities of the first, second, or third order. - -[Illustration] - -Those of the first order had the honour of bearing the Napoleon -badge--three golden bees on a chief gules. - -The bookplate of the Bastille is well illustrated in _French Bookplates_ -(Walter Hamilton), but must not be quite passed over here. It represents -a shield on a bracket, bearing the fleur-de-lis. The shield is ensigned -with a crown and enclosed by the collars of the orders of S. Michel and -the Sainte Esprit. Above all is the name “chateau royal de la bastille.” - -In July of 1789 the Bastille was destroyed by the Paris mob. - -I give a reproduction of the characteristic French “Ex libris du Comte -Paul de Malden de la Bastille.” - -In the _ex libris_ of Claude Martin, cannon, cannon-balls and flags, -tents and scaling-ladders, are to the fore; whilst on a rock in the -middle there is a lion rampant, holding up a sword in one fore paw and -an ensign in the other. Since the Belgians disfigured the field of -Waterloo with a huge mound to celebrate the tiny devotion of their race, -a lion on a hill does not stand for much! At the head of this plate is -the motto “Labore et constantia,” and at the foot “Ex libris Claudii -Martin.” - -In 1814 Napoleon Buonaparte abdicated, and in the same year Louis -XVIII., the younger brother of Louis XVI., became king. In 1824 Louis -XVIII. died, and his younger brother, Charles X., came to the throne, -which he held until 1830, when he was deposed, and his cousin Louis -Philippe sat on this unstable throne. In 1848 he in turn abdicated, and -a Republic was proclaimed, with Louis Napoleon as President. During -these foregone thirty years the old nobility, after a manner, recovered -their ancient titles, and many new nobility were created; but it cannot -be said to have been an age productive of fine or interesting _ex -libris_. - -A variety from the sometimes too stern formality of _ex libris_ designs -is found in the plate engraved by D. Collin for Monsieur Riston. A -fantastic R., or perhaps A. R., is figured on an oval, with child -figures, a few books, and a pen and ink, all apparently in the open-air -around. - -The _ex libris_ of Pierre Antoine Berryer is not of any striking -character, but is a fair specimen. In 1855 he was elected to the -Académie Francaise; but he was best known for his great defence of Count -Montalembert before the French Courts in 1858. - -Alsace and Lorraine have given us some good specimens of bookplates, and -as might be expected, the manners and styles of several nations are here -included. In some an interesting feature is the introduction of a view -of the owner’s parish church. - - - - -CHAPTER VI - -BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING - -Viscount Cholmondeley--James Loch of Drylaw--William Pitt of Binfield. - - -Mr. G. F. Barwick, to whom the Mercator _ex libris_ belongs, has kindly -sent me the following:-- - -“Nicholas Mercator was born at Cismar, Holstein, about 1620, and after -completing his studies in Copenhagen he continued to reside there until -1660, when he came to England. His fame as a mathematician was already -well established, and he was almost immediately elected a member of the -Royal Society, which had recently been founded. Some years later he -entered the service of Louis XIV., and superintended the construction of -the fountains at Versailles. For this work, however, he could not obtain -payment, in consequence of his refusal to become a Catholic, and the -trouble which it caused him is said to have shortened his life. He wrote -a number of - -[Illustration] - -small treatises and contributed to the _Philosophical Transactions_, but -his fame chiefly rests upon his _Logarithmotechnia_, London, 1668-74, -4to, in which he developed the well-known formula which bears his name. -A portrait of him was formerly in the possession of Mr. T. D. F. Tatham -of Althorne, Essex, a collateral descendant of the Mercators, and passed -at his death into the possession of his nephew, Mr. W. Tatham-Hughes of -Chelsea Hospital.” - -A bookplate with fine mantling and supporters is that of “The Right -Honourable Hugh Lord Viscount Cholmondeley.” It occurs in a copy of “The -causes of the Decay of Christian Piety ... London, Printed by R. Norton -for T. Garthwait, in S. Bartholomew’s Hospital, near Smithfield, 1667.” -This copy--it belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates--has been finely bound, -probably by Charles Mearne. Hugh, first Earl of Cholmondeley, succeeded -his father, Viscount Cholmondeley, in 1681. Objecting to the arbitrary -measures of James II., he was soon honoured by William and Mary, who, in -1689, created him Lord Cholmondeley of Nantwich. In 1706 Queen Anne made -him Viscount Malpas and Earl of Cholmondeley. Later he held the -appointments of Comptroller and Treasurer of Her Majesty’s household. -The book has underneath one another, both in old but different hands, -two signatures--“Elizabeth Cholmondeley.” It has also an -inscription--“Wm. Lemon, 1855”; since then it has travelled far, as it -has twice inscribed on it “W. A. Rebello, Sylvan Lodge, Simla. October, -1864.” - -“John Stansfeld,” an armorial plate with mantling. The arms are sable, -three goats trippant argent. Crest a demi-lion rampant argent. An -ancient family settled in Yorkshire at the Conquest. This modern plate -is in a fine copy, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of _The Yorkshire -Library_, by William Boyne, 1869. I think that this John Stansfeld, -Esq., was a collector of fine books, and especially about Yorkshire. - -A nice plate here illustrated is that of Prescott Pepper. - -A plate with good mantling is that of “James Loch of Drylaw.” Given by -Burke as arms or, a saltire engraded sable, between two swans naiant in -fesse proper. Crest, a swan with wings endorsed, devouring a perch, both -proper. Motto, “Assiduate non desidia.” This is in a copy of _A Short -Introduction to Moral Philosophy_ ... Glasgow, Printed by Robert & -Andrew Foulis, printers to the University. 1764. James - -[Illustration] - -Loch of Drylaw, born in 1612, was treasurer of Edinburgh, and in 1851 -his descendant was James Loch of Drylaw, M.P., son of George Loch of -Drylaw, and his wife a daughter of John Adam of Blair Adam. The arms -were confirmed in 1673 by Sir Charles Erskine of Cambo, Knight, Lyon -King-of-Arms. - -“William Pitt of Binfield, Berks Esqʳ--” here reproduced, has very full -mantling and no crest, unless the Satyr-looking head in the top of the -mantling be meant for a crest. This plate is taken from a copy of a 1648 -edition of _Eikon Basilike_. - -A good Scotch _ex libris_ with mantling, and engraved by Lizars, is that -of “Brown of Waterhaughs,” evidently connected with some scion of the -clan Campbell. The crest is a lion holding a fleur-de-lis. The motto is -“Tandem licet sero.” This is in a copy of a scarce little volume, -Baxter’s _Anacreon_--“Londini Augustæ Imprimetatur Impensis Matthæi -Hawkins, prostatque venalis ad Angelum in Areâ Paulinâ.” 1710. The -“errata” note at the end contains some facetious expressions--in English -thus: “Correct if you please, friendly reader, those heavy printers -errors, which were printed when we were off our guard, and fell out when -we were intent on blackberries.” - -A plate with fine mantling is that of Richard Boycott. It is altogether -a good plate. In an ornamental frame below the shield of arms is the -engraved inscription: “Pro Rege et Religione / Richard Boycott.” - -Gules, on a chief argent, three grenadoes proper, and the motto, “Pro -Rege et Religione,” are of peculiar interest. These arms were granted by -Charles II., in 1663, to Sylvanus Boycott of Hinton, and Francis Boycott -of Byldwas, sons of William Boycott of Byldwas. The father had furnished -Charles I. with grenadoes and other supplies. The sons had aided Charles -II. when a fugitive wanderer. The family claim to descend from the -ancient Norman house of Bygod. This worthy plate is in a rich red -morocco bound copy of Sermons, by George Stanhope, D.D., preached at the -Boyle Lectures in 1701. - -A bookplate with rather curious mantling is that of “Rowland W. D. -Collett.” The arms seem to be intended for those borne by Collett, who -was Lord Mayor of London in 1486,--Sable, on a chevron between three -hinds trippant argent, as many annulets of the first. The motto is -“virtutis præmium honor.” - -An armorial plate with heavy mantling--“Thomas Maitland, Dundrennan.” -Burke’s - -[Illustration] - -Armorial gives quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant, -déchaussé, within a bordure embattled gules; second and third argent, -the ruins of an old abbey on a mound proper. Crest a demi-monk vested -grey, holding in the dexter hand a crucifix argent, in the sinister a -rosary proper. The motto is “Esse quam videri.” - -In the same volume, the round armorial plate “Johannis Whitefoord -Mackenzie Armigeri.” - -It is most fitting that the book holding these Scottish bookplates is a -fine copy of the first edition of the great Montrose’s Book, the book -which the canting Covenanters hung round that hero’s neck as he proudly -trod the bloody scaffold. It is clothed in fine contemporary morocco, -richly gilt. - -A modern bookplate with nice mantling is that of “Charles Lilburn.” The -family hails from the county of Durham. The arms argent, three -water-bougets sable. Crest, a dexter arm in armour proper, holding a -truncheon or. The motto is “Vis viri fragilis.” - -This is in a copy of Montrose Redivivus, or the Portraicture of James, -late Marquess of Montrose, ... London: Printed for Jo. Ridley at the -Castle in Fleet Street, near Ram-alley, 1652. The water-bouget was a -mediæval vessel for carrying water, and was made of two leather pouches -appended to a yoke or crossbar. - -The “Hampson” plate is, in its way, as good a bookplate as one need wish -to see. The clearly cut mantling is tastefully decked with light sprigs -of evergreen. The arms are argent, three hemp-brakes sable. The crest is -out of a mural crown argent, a greyhound’s head sable collared of the -first, rimmed or. Motto: “Nunc aut nunquam.” - -Thomas Hampson, the son of Sir Robert Hampson, Knight, and Alderman of -the City of London, was created a baronet on June 3rd, 1642. He died in -1655, leaving four sons and five daughters. - -The hempbrake, or hackle, was an instrument used for bruising hemp. - -The royal plate of Charles I. needs some explanation, as it is not a -bookplate. It occupies the first leaf in the full-sized octavo issues in -1649 of _Eikon Basilike_. In photographing the Throckmorton bookplate -the photographer, seeing this also at the beginning of the book, not -unnaturally thought that it was a bookplate, and to be illustrated. This -need not be regretted. It is a characteristic copy of an _Eikon_. The -surrounding lines are old red ink, and the old ownership signature-- - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - “Fra: Vaughan” - “:1656:” - -is as true and perfect an _ex libris_ as the finest draughtsman and -engraver could ever produce. - -The very fine armorial plate of Sir Robert Throckmorton, Bart.--“Virtus -sola nobilitas”--is here reproduced from the above-named 1649 copy of -_Eikon Basilike_. - -The armorial plate, with supporters, of Sir James Stewart Denholm, -Bart., of Coltness and Westshiel, is here illustrated. - -I do not know the history of the plate with the two oval shields here -illustrated. The motto, “Mors sola resolvit,” seems rather to suggest a -funeral hatchment. - -The illustration here given of the plate of “Thoˢ. Beckwith, of York -Painter & F.A.S.” is, of course, a piece of his own workmanship, and is -inserted in a small, thick volume of manuscript genealogies, no doubt -the work of T. Beckwith, and now in the library of Mr. Edward F. Coates. -Thomas Beckwith was of an ancient, if not distinguished, Yorkshire -family. He was born at Rothwell in 1730, “and served his time to George -Fleming, an ingenious man and house painter, from whom he acquired his -skill in drawing and painting, and imbibed a love for antiquities.” By -means of his great knowledge of genealogies he composed manuscript -pedigrees for some of the leading families of the North of England. He -was not only an unwearied collector, but very generous in imparting -information. He died at York on February 17th, 1786. - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER VII - -SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT -PURPOSE - -Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick--Wrest Park plates--Sir -John Lubbock. - - -The following are all in a small collection of _ex libris_ in a book -kept for the purpose in the British Museum. The press mark is C 66 f3:-- - -“Frhr. v. Barckhaus Wiesenhütten Bibliotheck” is the inscription on the -ornamental bracket of an elaborate armorial plate, with two most -amiable-looking young lions holding up the shield. - -On the same page in the same collection is a plate of somewhere near the -same date, and hardly armorial. The form of the plate is, for the most -part, a representation of carved stonework. In the middle is a sort of -oval shield, and within that a shield with a figure of a man with a -child on one shoulder. Along the base of the structure are the words: -“Ex libr Chro TheopChristoff Ulme.” A few books are standing on the -ground against the stonework, and, as oftens happens in looking at such -plates, one hopes they are not rare books or in interesting bindings, as -one would like to take more care of them. - -In the same collection is a remarkable plate giving a view of a library -interior, enclosed in a richly decorated oval frame. At foot the -inscription: “Ex libris d. zach: conr: at uffenbach, m.f.”, and above: -“non omnibus idem est quod placet petron fragm.” At the very bottom, in -tiniest letters, is “J U Kraus sculp.” - -Johann Ulrich Kraus was born at Augsburg in 1645, and died there in -1719. He was a pupil of Melchior Küsel; he imitated the manner of -Sebastien Le Clerc and did a large amount of engraving for the -booksellers. - -A handsome plate is that “Ex Bibliotheca J. S. Ochs, at Ochsentein.” It -is a plate with heavy mantling to the shield. An ox is, of course, -prominent in arms and crest. “P Feber sc” is in the corner. There is -another very much smaller, but almost identical plate. - -From the same collection, and of rather uncertain date, is a plate -subscribed: “Ex bibliotheca rosenbergiana.” A rose tree is appropriately -prominent in arms and crest. - -Another example is simply a Chippendale fancy shell frame enclosing the -words: “Ex supellectile libraria Bened: Guil: Zahnii.” - -A bookplate very roughly engraved, and with some very curious-looking -heraldry, is that subscribed “malmendier. = de malmedye,” and “solum -forti patria est.” - -There is a circular plate with a Library view, and the library itself is -evidently circular, the plate being engraved “Bibliotheca regia -parmensis.” Apollo, looking very cold, stands on a pedestal in the -middle, holding his garment instead of putting it on, and sitting down -quietly to read the books. Round the upper part is inscribed “Apollini -palatino sacram.” - -An armorial plate with fine mantling, then a helmet: on that a crown, -and over that, for crest, a man girdled, holding in right hand a mallet, -and in left a flag. Under the shield is the name engraved: “A. W. -Schlegel von Gottleben.” - -Pasted on to the same page is a plain small _ex libris_--arms, a -fleur-de-lis; name, “Franz Salmon Wüss.” - -Here is a plate which appears to be round. In the middle is placed what -seems to be meant for a tomb, with a book placed open at the words: -“vita lux hominum Joh I v 4.” Near, and on the vault is engraved: “adhuc -stat terminus.” Round the outside circle of the plate is engraved: “lex -est non poena mort.” - -Other plates of interest in this collection are those of Christian -Gottlieb Joher, on page 5, Godefrid J. F. Thomas, on page 23, and on -page 27 a plate dated 1757. - -Mr. Barwick’s plate of a Baron Bunsen is, he assures me, not that of the -Baron Bunsen so familiar to, and appreciated by, cultivated English -readers, not a generation ago. The plate is nice, as any approach to -simplicity is always pleasing. The shield, hung from the coronet by the -ribband of some order, is not loaded with charges. Dexter, a lion -between two fleur-de-lis, sinister, three heads of barleycorn. The -motto, too, is reverential and in keeping: “In spe et silentio.” Below -all is the legend, “ex libris christiani caroli bunsen. Uratislaviæ ad -eadem S. Elis Ecclesiastes.” J. B. Stracchusky Sc Urat. - -Uratislavia spells Breslau, but very curiously the name Uratislavia -seems to have some fitness on a bookplate; as in Zedler’s wonderful -_Lexicon_, of some sixty-six volumes, it is recorded of Jacob de -Uratislavia, a Benedictine monk who died in 1480, that his literary -labours were so vast that seven powerful steeds could scarce drag his -load of books. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -Mr. G. F. Barwick has lent me three quite different Wrest Park -bookplates. In an ornamental frame, which forms the lower part of one, -is engraved “Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, Wrest Park.” Two -fearful-looking dragons support the shield, or rather seem bent on -devouring the shield and then each other. Above is an earl’s coronet, -and below the motto, “Foy est tout.” - -Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, was born in 1781, and was the elder son of -Thomas Robinson, second Baron Grantham, and his wife the second daughter -of Philip York, second Earl of Hardwicke. He was therefore a descendant -of Henry Grey, ninth Earl of Kent. In 1833 his maternal aunt, Amabel -Hume Campbell, Countess de Grey of Wrest, in Bedfordshire, dying, he -became second Earl de Grey and Baron Lucas of Crudwell, Wiltshire. From -1841 to 1844 he was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and achieved great -success in his administration there. In 1844 he was made a Knight of the -Garter. - -The second of these plates consists of two crests, a dragon and a stag, -encircled by the garter. Above is the earl’s coronet, and over that the -inscription “Wrest Park.” Neither of the other plates has the garter. - -In what, for distinction, may be called the third plate, the outspread -and double-headed black eagle holding the shield-of-arms is the most -prominent object, and in each beak it holds what, as argent, no doubt is -a silver coin, but looks rather like an Osborne biscuit. - -Mr. Barwick has also two bookplates of “Sir John William Lubbock. Bart.” -Below the shield is the happy motto: “Auctor pretiosa facit.” John -William Lubbock was born in 1803, and in 1840 succeeded his father in -the baronetcy. He died in 1865. His scientific tastes and cultivated -habits were just such as his own son, Sir John Lubbock, has pursued -happily for so many years, in the knowledge of many now living. The -other plate is evidently what he used for his books in his earlier -years. The bloody hand of Ulster is absent from the shield, and below -the shield is simply the monogram “J. W. L.” - -The Sir John Frederick, Bart., plate of Mr. Barwick’s is quite a change -from the customary conventions. The shield fills a very small part of an -oblong oval frame. The arms are by Burke, or on a chief azure, three -doves argent. Crest on a chapeau azure turned-up ermine, a dove, within -the beak an olive branch. - -Mr. Barwick has two _ex libris_ of Thomas - -[Illustration] - -James Tatham, Esq., a gentleman of Bedford Place, Russell Square, -London, and a third which has belonged to some near kindred. It agrees -with that which has merely the crest, but has engraved underneath: “T. -D. F. Tatham.” His chief plate has dexter, argent a chevron gules -between three swan’s necks, coupled sable. Sinister are presumably his -wife’s arms. Crest on a trumpet or, a swan’s wings displayed sable. - -Mr. Carruthers has, with great kindness, contributed the following in -reference to his interesting bookplate:-- - -“The notion of the plate was to introduce two plants named by botanists -after me. Many genera of plants have received their names in this way. - -“The outside plant was called _Carruthersia scandius Seem._ by Dr. -Seemann in his _Flora Vitiensis_, London, 1865-73. I described the ferns -in this work (pp. 331-378), and otherwise had given assistance. The -plant is described on pp. 155, 156, and figured on Table XXX. Appended -to the description of the genus is this note: ‘I have named this new -genus in honour of my esteemed friend William Carruthers, Esq., F.Z.S., -of the Botanical Department, British Museum, to whom I am indebted for -much kind assistance in working up the South Sea flora.’ - -“The inner flower was named by Otto Kunze _Carruthia Capensis, O.K._ It -was originally called _Aitonia Capensis_ by Linnæus the younger, but a -different plant had been previously named _Aitonia_. Botanists do not -allow the same name to be applied to different plants that are widely -separated. O. Kunze wished to associate the plant with my name, and, -following an example set by Linnæus, he cut off the last syllable and -formed a generic name which could not be confounded with Seemann’s -generic name. This arose from a curious accident. O. Kunze called on me -at the Natural History Museum, and asked me to let him see the specimens -of _Aitonia_. I inquired which _Aitonia_, and, showing him a seal I was -wearing which belonged to Aiton, who had engraved on it the Cape plant -named after him, I asked if that was the plant. He exclaimed ‘How -strange! that is the plant.’ I showed him the specimen that the younger -Linnæus had named, which was in the Herbarium. When Kunze published the -results of his work on these plants he gave it the name _Carruthia -Capensis_. The seal was oval, and the drawing in the - -[Illustration] - -centre is taken from the seal. I used for separation of the two plants -an ornamental border of an early Edinburgh printer, I believe, for I got -it in the binding of an old Edinburgh book. And the motto belongs to the -section of the Carruthers tribe to which we belong. - -“The drawing was made by W. G. Smith, F.Z.S., a good botanist and an -excellent draughtsman.” - - - - -CHAPTER VIII - -CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES - -William Sharp the Engraver--The Rev. John Watson--Edward -Trotter--Patrick Colquhoun. - - -The few following bookplates are all in the manner known as -Chippendale:-- - -The Chippendale bookplate here given, with “Wm. Sharp” engraved at the -foot of it, was one, we may suppose, engraved by William Sharp, the -engraver, for himself. He was the son of a gunmaker, in days when -gun-barrels and other parts of guns were often finely engraved. - -William Sharp was born in 1749, died at Chiswick on July 25th, 1824. - -Seeing that he became an engraver of very great skill and originality, -the main points of his life are well worth recording. Born in Haydon -Yard in the Minories, his father apprenticed him to Barak Longmate, an -engraver and genealogist. Out of his indentures, he - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -soon married a Frenchwoman, and set up in Bartholomew Lane as a writing -engraver. - -About 1782 he sold this business and migrated to Vauxhall, where he now -pursued the higher branches of his art. True to the prophet’s fate, he -was in due course elected an honorary member of the Imperial Academy at -Vienna and of the Royal Academy at Munich. In early days he had been a -friend of Thomas Paine and Horne Tooke, and was, in fact, examined -before the Privy Council on treasonable charges, but soon dismissed as a -harmless enthusiast. After becoming a convert to Swedenborg, he became a -brave upholder of Joanna Southcott, and was the very last of her -adherents to admit the reality of her death. - -A good Chippendale plate is that of “The Rev. John Watson.” He was born -on March 26th, 1725, at Lyme Handley in the parish of Prestbury, -Cheshire, and became a learned antiquary. He was elected F.S.A. in 1759, -and contributed six papers to _Archæologia_. In 1775 appeared his -best-known work. _The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax_, -Yorkshire, where he had held a curacy from 1750 to 1754. In 1782 he -brought out two fine quarto volumes, _Memoirs of the Ancient Earls of -Warren and Surrey_. He died at Stockport on March 14th, 1783. - -A good Chippendale bookplate is that of “Edward Trotter, A.M.” - -In the Lyon Register the arms are given as of Trotter of Gatchibraw, in -Scotland, argent a chevron gules between three boars’ heads, couped -sable. Crest a horse trotting proper. - -This is in a copy of _Essay sur l’histoire générale, et sur les mœurs et -l’esprit des nations, depuis Charlemagne jusqu’à nos jours_. 1756. - -A pleasing plate of late Chippendale style is that with the monogram “J. -B. W.” at the foot. On the title-page of the book “Six Discourses” ... -“Temple Church” ... “Thomas Sherlock ... 1725,” is the autograph “J. B. -Watkin.” Burke’s _Armoury_ gives azure a fesse between three leopard -faces, jessant de lis or. - -An unpretending little Chippendale bookplate, with crest only, is that -of “Patk. Colquhoun.” A stag’s head, with above it the motto “si je -puis.” Patrick Colquhoun, Minister of the Hanse-towns, was born at -Dumbarton on March 14th, 1745, and died at Westminster on April 25th, -1820. - -The following are a few crest bookplates named together:-- - -[Illustration] - -The Marshall crest, a man in armour proper, holding in the dexter hand a -truncheon or, forms the very picturesque modern _ex libris_ of “F. A. -Marshall.” The motto is fitting: “Nunquam sedeo.” This in a collection -of Actes, printed by Pynson in 1512-1514, -“concernynge--Archerye--Crossbows--Mummers,” and other quaint subjects. - -As a specimen of a crest bookplate there is the “Beavan,” which is -simply the name Beavan under two crests, one a dove with outspread wings -and a ring in its beak, the other a lion. This can hardly be called a -satisfactory plate. It is in a volume of _The Edinburgh Review_ of 1826. - -A pretty crestplate is that of “Henry St. Clair Feilden.” - -The crest is a nuthatch feeding on a hazel branch. The crest is enclosed -in an oval belt inscribed with the motto, “virtutis præmium honor.” This -plate is in a copy of Benjamin Thorpe’s _History of England under the -Norman Kings_. Oxford, 1857. - -Another crest bookplate, that of “Walter Farquhar.” The crest is an -eagle rising, proper. The motto, “mente manuque.” This plate is in a -copy of Sermons preached in the Parish-Church of Olney, ... By John -Newton, Curate of the said Parish ... 1767. - -A good crestplate is “John Savill Vaisey”’s, presumably of the race of -the Viscounts de Vesci. The crest is a hand-in-armour, holding a laurel -branch, all proper. Over the crest is the motto, “sub hoc signo vinces.” - -“Brownlow William Knox”’s bookplate is simply the Knox crest, a falcon -close on a perch, all proper. It is in a copy of that work, which is so -curious to study now, “Catalogue of five hundred celebrated authors of -great Britain, now living; ... London 1788.” - -“Burns, Robert. A ploughman in the county of Ayr in the kingdom of -Scotland.” A good simple plate, merely a crest, below that a motto, and -then at the foot of all, the name,--is the _ex libris_ of “William J E -Bennett.” The crest is in a mural crown, or, a lion’s head, gules. The -motto is “de bon vouloir servir le roy.” - -There was a nice bookplate in the volumes of the first work which I ever -bought. _Don Esteban_ was the title, and the date 1825. I was thirteen -years old, and bought this in an auction in Mr. A. H. Beesley’s, House -Class-room, in that fine old home of the Seymours, then and now a part -of Marlborough College. The _ex libris_ is a simple name, crest, and -motto: “Champion,” a family belonging to Berkshire and Essex. The crest -is an arm embowed and erect, in armour proper, garnished or, holding in -the gauntlet a chaplet of laurel, vert. Motto: “Vincit veritas.” - -Marlborough, with the glorious beech avenues of Savernake Forest, is the -home of the Ailesburys, and in this connection the family bookplate -should always be remembered, with its pathetic motto at the foot of it. -They are Bruces, and the motto is “Fuimus.” - -One day the then Marquis, alighting from his carriage and pointing to -the motto beneath the arms, asked a small boy to translate it. - -“Fui, I was; mus, a mouse,” was the ready reply. - -No Bruce of old could have behaved more honourably than the Marquis of -those days, for when some boys had worried some of the deer, and Bradley -said that he was afraid he would have to put the forest out of bounds, -the Marquis replied: “No; Savernake Forest shall always be free to every -boy of Marlborough College.” - -A modern neat _ex libris_, with only the two family crests and mottoes, -is that of the late Sir “Wroth Acland Lethbridge,” Baronet. The -baronetcy was created in 1804. The crests are: First, out of a mural -crown, or, a demi-eagle displayed proper; and second, out of a ducal -coronet, two arms in armour, holding a leopard’s face. Mottoes: “Truth” -and “Spes mea in Deo.” The owner of this plate was born in 1831, and, -after serving in the Rifle Brigade, succeeded his father as fourth -baronet on 1st March, 1873. - -A pretty crestplate of perhaps about 1770 is the _ex libris_ of “Thoˢ Wᵐ -Plummer.” The crest is a bird’s head, and the bird seems very properly -to be about to devour a plum. The crest is framed by two branches, -presumably of plum trees. - - - - -CHAPTER IX - -MODERN BOOKPLATES - -Remarks on examples given in _The Studio_, special winter number, -1898-9. - - -Modern bookplates are not easy to discuss satisfactorily. The following -are some of the plates which were named or illustrated in _The Studio_ -special winter number, 1898-9, which went out of print at once. Mr. -Gleeson White, who was by no means blind to the failings of up-to-date -_ex libris_, wrote this, and gave with it the large number of one -hundred and forty-nine illustrations. - -On page 3 is given the _ex libris_, “T. Edmund Harvey,” a gruesome -jumble of sticks and bones. This plate is by Cyril Goldie. In any -comments now written no injurious reflections are intended; as, for one -thing, it is impracticable, and probably undesirable, to know whether, -and in what proportions, owner, artist, or manufacturer, are -responsible. Besides these three, there is a fourth and -oft-predominating partner to be considered, namely, fashion. Probably -the only value of the impressions here written is that they are formed -by one who is an entirely independent critic and a true lover of -beautiful _ex libris_. The phrases of professionals will not therefore -be expected. - -On page 4 is given the _ex libris_ “Eduard John Margetson,” by W. H. -Margetson. This plate seems simple and pleasing enough. On the other -hand, it is not exhilarating to find in this evidently very fair sample -volume no less than twenty-seven bookplates, each depicting a female and -a book. - -On page 5 the _ex libris_ “Richard Trappes Lomax,” by Paul Woodroffe, is -very refreshing to look upon. It has all the familiar points of a -bookplate, in that it is armorial, with mantling, and flowery foliage. -At the same time the plate is not common, crowded, or eccentric. Now, on -the other hand, turn to page 7, where is a plate “From among the books -of Fred. W. Brown.” In this there is doubtless some good work, but in -looking at the plate the eye and brain at once feel tired and -bewildered; you seem to long to turn from a crowded hotch-potch, if -only, it might be, to stare for a while at a blank barn door. - -On page 9 are three plates by W. R. Weyer. These are distinctly good to -look at; there seems a wholesome taste about them; there is plenty of -decoration, without any attempt to crowd a volume of emblems and a -market-gardener’s flower-show into two inches by one and a half. In each -the owner’s name is clearly given, and, of course, no bookplate ought to -want this. In addition, two are dated--that of Richard Chapman, 1892, -and Reginald Balfour’s, 1898. - -On page 12 is a distinctly satisfactory modern plate. It is a -portrait-plate, and is by J. W. Simpson, for himself. He has depicted -himself enjoying a long clay pipe. Beneath is the simple record in the -plainest of letters: “J. W. Simpson His Book.” - -On page 14 are the presumably portrait-plates of “Mary A. Bridger” and -“Julia Eustace,” both by M. E. Thompson. These may be pretty, but seem, -as in so many modern bookplates, to lack simplicity. - -On the next page is a portrait-plate, “Edith E. Waterlow,” by J. Walter -West. This, although the portrait is only a face in an oval, and outside -the constant florist’s paraphernalia, still the plate has some saving -simplicity. - -On page 16 is what seems a sensible bookplate. It is by E. H. New, for -Edward Morton, and seems to give simply a view of Edward Morton’s home, -a modern house built in old style, and named Kingsclere. - -On page 48 is shown a plate to which we would gladly give the palm for -ugliness. We suppose it is meant for a bookplate, as it is given in this -volume, and the words _ex libris_ are distinguishable through the gloom. - -On page 49 is a plate, Aubrey Beardsley, inscribed _ex libris_ “Olive -Custance.” It is not much to be admired. - -On pages 50 and 51, where we are among the French _ex libris_, may be -seen at one glance some half-dozen plates, which all happen to -illustrate what is a marked eyesore in many bookplates, but has not been -seriously noticed. A bookplate is naturally designed for use in a book. -Now, with books should always be associated the idea of something to be -valued and taken care of. How does this agree with the plates here -shown? I think that symbolism should avoid this disturbing element. - -There is water to drown the precious volumes, and there are beasts to -devour them. In one a poor disconsolate-looking tome is shown trying to -float on the dark cold waters of the deep, and as if that were not a -sufficiently uncomfortable position for a book, a bird seems to be -flying down, with open beak, to have a peck at it. In another cheerful -composition, an angry tiger is in charge of the library of precious -volumes, and has the talons of one paw on a beautiful binding, while it -sticks the talons of its other paw into the leaves of an open volume. - -In a third plate, a wolf is in a library, and, of course, behaving there -as a wolf would. In yet another plate, a wolf is playing with a fine -folio, and forming altogether as incongruous a picture as a bull in a -china shop. - -On page 54 is reproduced a plate, by Léon Lebègue. This may be, in -disguise, a lovely creation of modern art; but the ordinary observer -would take it to be a muddled map of everything or nothing, and would -not paste it inside the cover of any book he or she hoped ever to open -again. - -As another painful instance of bookplates exhibiting books in the very -last position anyone would care to see them in, on page 56, is shown a -book being drowned in a pond. This is by Bracquemond. - -From page 58 to page 60 some American _ex libris_ are pourtrayed. Among -these generally there is, as should be where books are thought of, a -feeling of rest and refinement. - -Between pages 61 and 68 are given a number of plates of modern German -_ex libris_, thanks, as we are reminded, to the inspiriting influence of -Warnecke, Leiningen-Westerburg, Doepler, and Hildebrandt. Germany, and -to some extent Austria, too, have produced some very original and -interesting bookplates within the last few years. - -Illustrated on pages 61 and 65 are two plates which should surely come -under the category of the error of associating books with incongruous -surroundings. In the one, by Doepler for the Bibliothek des Koeniglichen -Kunstgewerbe Museums, Berlin, the centre represents an open book--that -would be well enough; but the leading feature of the plate is a great, -rough, brawny hand holding a big hammer and pressing on the open volume. - -In the plate on page 65, by Sattler, the design pictures a human -skeleton bearing a pile of books. - -Between pages 64 and 65 is a leaf bearing three pleasing plates, by Paul -Voigt. One of the three is apparently for his own books. It depicts a -room with, of course, some very old books, and the most prominent is in -a position which would break the back of a modern book; but not much -fault need be found. In those good times books were not bound in a day -or for a day. The hides were well chosen, well seasoned, and good -workmanship was put into the binding. - -Facing Paul Voigt’s own plate is a good plate by him for W. L. Busse. -This has a fine smell of the sea about it. Tossing in the frothy deep is -an ancient ship, which but for masts and sails might be a nautilus -shell. Below is a rugged anchor, and around all a stout cable serves to -frame a pleasing picture. - -On page 68 is a cleverly designed plate by Joseph Sattler. There is an -altogether pleasing absence of misty, mystic, mythological allusions and -complications. On the other hand, an hour-glass indicates the sands of -time, and the simple word “Jetzt” (now) points a simple moral, -irresistibly apt for the book-lover. There is no pursuit of which it can -be more truly said--that he (the book-collector) who hesitates is lost. - - - - -CHAPTER X - -VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES - - The proper place for a bookplate is in a book--Gordon of - Buthlaw--Spencer Perceval--William Wilberforce--A bookplate for a - special purpose--George Ormerod--Robert Surtees--Cathedral plates. - - -In the pages here following are recorded many British bookplates, none -of them very early; but they are referred to here, as, after all, this -book must chiefly appeal to readers in our own tongue. - -If in this and other parts of this book the writer be thought to mention -too much of books and owners, it must be borne in mind that to the -writer a bookplate is first of interest as connected with a book, and a -book is of interest for its subject and its owner’s identity. - -Gordon of Buthlaw. In the _General Armoury_ Gordon of Lessmoir, -Aberdeenshire, is described as descended from William, second son of -John Gordon of Scudargue, Baronet, 1625, and title dormant since 1839. -The arms - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -are given as azure, a fess chequy argent and of the first, between three -boars’ heads erased or. Then the Gordon of Buthlaw arms are -distinguished from Lessmoir, with a mullet argent in chief for -difference. Crest a Doric pillar or. Motto: “In recto decus.” This old -bookplate here given is in a lately unearthed contemporary manuscript, -headed: “Observations upon the arise and progresse of the late -Rebellions against King Charles the first: In so far as they were -carried on by a male contented party in Scotland, under the pretext of -Reformation.” This is really the Memoirs of Henry Guthry, Bishop of -Dunkeld, and differs in some points from the printed version. On the -first leaf, down the margin, is written “Joannis Gordonii Buthlæi 1761.” - -The Perceval arms, given by Burke, are argent on a chief indented gules, -three crosses pattée of the field. Crest a thistle erect, leaved proper. - -The Wilson arms are sable, a wolf salient or; in chief three estoiles of -the last. - -Spencer Perceval, born in Audley Square, London, in 1762, was the second -son of the second Earl of Egmont. At only ten years old he was sent to -Harrow School, and then to Trinity College, Cambridge, where in -December, 1781, he graduated M.A. In 1790 he married Jane, second -daughter of Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson, and then had six sons and six -daughters. Mr. Spencer Walpole, son of the fourth daughter, wrote, in -1874, a full biography of Spencer Perceval. When first married Spencer -Perceval and his wife lived in lodgings in Bedford Row; but in about -1793 they bought a good house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and it is just a -little curious that I bought this book, with his bookplate in it, but a -few yards from Lincoln’s Inn Fields close on thirty years ago. Spencer -Perceval, England’s Prime Minister during the Peninsuula War, was shot -dead as he passed through the lobby to the House of Commons on May 11th, -1812, and Bellingham, his assassin, was hanged a week afterwards. - -The _ex libris_ here reproduced looked at first a puzzle; but Mr. -Procter, at the British Museum, soon read the riddle. He made it an Earl -of Guildford, and then it was very easy sailing for me to come to anchor -at Frederick North, fifth Earl of Guildford, born 7th February, 1766, -Chancellor of the University of the Ionian Islands, and Knight Grand -Cross of the Ionian Order. There is a good account - -[Illustration: THE EARL OF GUILDFORD] - -of him by J. M. Rigg in the _D. N. B._ At Oxford he became an -accomplished Grecian, and an enthusiastic Philhellene. In 1791, on the -conclusion of the peace of Galatz, he evinced his accomplishment in -classical Greek by a scholarly and spirited Pindaric ode in honour of -the Empress Catherine. - -In 1814 he was elected the first president of a society for the -promotion of culture, founded at Athens. Later he was active in the -formation of the British Protectorate over the Ionian Islands, in the -scheme to form an Ionian University. In 1824 the University, with him as -Chancellor, was established in Corfu. He lived there, spending money on -the University, and giving valuable printed books, manuscripts, and -other treasures to it. - -In 1827 his state of health caused his recall to England. As a child he -had been exceedingly delicate. In England he still wore constantly the -classical costume, which had been adopted as the academic dress. He died -on October 14th, 1827. “He was a brilliant conversationalist, and ... -wrote and spoke German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Romaic with ease; -he read Russian, and throughout life maintained his familiarity with the -classics unimpaired.” - -The next surname we come to in bookplates has been most familiar to the -present and immediate past generation, in the person of Samuel -Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford. These few following remarks are from -private recollections. In the power of getting through a day of hard -labour, of mind and body, he was unequalled, and to the end of the hard -day’s work, with similar laborious days preceding and following, he -could display a marvellously ready wit. One evening at a dinner-party at -Cuddesdon Palace, the two lady guests on each side of the Bishop were -suddenly startled by the crashing fall of a pile of plates. The Bishop, -utterly unmoved, instantly remarked, “Oh, it’s nothing; it’s only the -coachman going out with the brake.” It was the coachman, and the brake -was the vehicle in frequent use. He would do some hours’ work no doubt -after his guests had retired, and do some good work before breakfast the -next morning. At Bisham Abbey, meeting at dinner two irrepressible -spinsters who would argue of ages, he drily remarked, as if addressing -the moon, the extraordinary fact in nature, that ladies’ ages always ran -thus: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, -18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, and so on. - -The bookplate of William Wilberforce is - -[Illustration] - -from a fine large volume all in manuscript, giving a very full account -of the Yorkshire election contest, the poll opening on 20th May, 1807, -and only finally closing on the 5th June. This volume belongs to Mr. -Edward Feetham Coates, as does also an exquisite volume in pen-and-ink, -the work of the late Dr. Howard, who has taken Glover’s visitation of -Yorkshire, from MSS. Harl., No. 1,394, and besides drawing the arms most -exquisitely, and “Wilberforse” among the rest, has given most ample -pedigrees and an index. Dr. Howard gives the field argent and the eagle -sable; but otherwise Old Guillim’s account of Cotton would nearly hold -good:-- - -“The field is sapphire, an eagle displaied; Pearle, Membred Gules. These -armes appertaine to the Right worthy Sir Robert Cotten, of Connington, -Knight, a learned Antiquary, and a singular fauorer and preseruer of all -good learning and antique monuments. The eagle ... continually -practiseth that course of life whereunto nature hath ordained her: ... -her sharpnesse and strength of sight is much commended; and it is a -greater honour to one of noble offspring to be wise and of sharpe and -deepe understanding, then to be rich or powerfull, or great by birth.” - -William Wilberforce, the owner of this plate, was born in the High -Street, Hull, on the 24th August, 1759, and came of a family settled at -Wilberfoss, eight miles from York, for many centuries. The election -which this volume above-named commemorates was very remarkable. -Wilberforce had a few months earlier had the satisfaction of seeing his -Bill for the abolition of the slave trade finally passed into law. Lord -Milton and Mr. Lascelles, who had been Wilberforce’s colleagues from -1796 to 1806, opposed him. A subscription of £64,455 was voluntarily -raised to pay his expenses. At the end of fifteen days he had scored -11,806 votes against his opponents’ 11,177 and 10,989. The story of Miss -Wilberforce recognised driving through York at election time is too -redolent of Wilberforce’s ready humour and Yorkshire heartiness to be -forgotten. The crowd welcomed her with the cry: “Miss Wilberforce for -ever!” She rejoined: “Not _Miss_ Wilberforce for ever, thank you!” - -A fine plate is the circular armorial _ex libris_ of “Charles, Marquis -of Northampton.” The owner of this plate came of a noble house, worthy, -indeed, of a fine bookplate. A few notes about his forefathers may be -recorded. - -Edmund de Compton’s son, Sir William Compton, Knight, was employed about -the household of bluff Harry the Eighth when Duke of York, and thus -winning his confidence, became the king’s companion in tournaments. Sir -William held high offices under the king, and fought with great bravery -in the Battle of Spurs. He died in 1528, leaving one son to succeed him, -who again left a son, Sir Henry Compton, Knight, who, in 1572, was -summoned to Parliament as Baron Compton of Compton. He married first a -daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon, and secondly a daughter of Sir John -Spencer of Althorp. By his first wife he left a son, William, who -inherited the title, and was in 1618 created Earl of Northampton and -installed Knight of the Garter. A letter bearing date 2nd July, 1630, -tells of his death: “Yesterday se’nnight the Earl of Northampton, lord -president of Wales, after he had waited on the king at supper and had -also supped, went into a boat, with others, to wash himself in the -Thames; and so soon as his legs were in the water but to his knees, he -had the colic, and cried out--Have me into the boat again, for I am a -dead man.” His son, Spencer Compton, the second Earl of Northampton, -risked and gave all for his sovereign’s cause. On March 19th, 1643, he -marched his men out of Stafford and fought the Parliament forces on -Hopton Heath. Although he had so few troops he routed the enemy’s -cavalry and took from them eight guns; but their infantry stood firm, -and finally he was himself killed, proudly refusing to surrender to base -rogues and rebels. He left three sons to nobly emulate, as brave -cavaliers, their father’s loyalty and valour. The second of them was at -Edgehill and Hopton Heath; and later, after engaging in many fights, he, -disguised and with only six men, surprised Beeston Castle in Cheshire, -cut down the drawbridge, seized the governor’s troop-horse, and took -thirty soldiers prisoners in their beds. - -There is also a Northampton monogram bookplate. Above is an earl’s -coronet, and below a vast “N,” with the name “Castle Ashby” engraved -across it. In 1695 King William III. visited the Earl of Northampton at -Castle Ashby. - -The following is an instance of a bookplate printed for a special -purpose. The block measures about five inches by two and a quarter, and -represents an ornamental frame enclosing the following printed -inscription:-- - - “Daily take Care to spend your Time and Breath - In right preparing for the Hour of Death. - So wish’d your deceas’d Friend, - S. MOORE.” - -It suits the size of the book into which it is pasted in its proper -place inside the front cover. On the last page of the book is printed a -list of “Some Books proper to be given at Funerals,” and lower down the -page, as a good catalogue note: “We may say of a Book, given at -Funerals, what the Divine Herbert says of a Verse. A Book may find him -who a Sermon flies, and turn a Gift into a Sacrifice.” - -The leaf before the title-leaf is engraved with the tomb of the author: -“Edward Pearse, a servant of Jesus Christ. Obiit 1673: Ætat 40.” The -title reads: “The Great Concern: or, a Serious Warning to a timely and -Thorough Preparation for Death with Helps and Directions in Order -thereunto. By Edward Pearse. John ix. 4.... Recommended as proper to be -Given at Funerals. The twenty-eight Edition. London: Printed for R. -Robinson, at the Golden Lion in St. Paul’s-Churchyard. 1735.” - -The author, a Nonconformist Divine, matriculated as a servitor from St. -John’s College, Oxford, in 1652, and graduated B.A. on 27th June, 1654. -In June, 1657, he was appointed Morning Preacher at St. Margaret’s, -Westminster. _The Great Concern_ was reprinted as lately as 1840. - -A good characteristic English, or shall we say Welsh, plate is that of -“Morgan Thomas,” “Palmer sculpsit,” with a floral-wreath decoration. The -arms were granted 8th September, 1768, to Thomas of Lettymaur, in -Carmarthenshire. Rees Thomas of Lettymaur died in 1759, leaving three -sons, one of whom was Morgan Thomas of Llanon, in the parish of -Lettymaur. He, in 1768, married Frances, the only child of Henry Goring, -of Frodley Hall, Staffordshire. Their grandson was Rees Goring Thomas of -Llanon, and of Tooting, Surrey, who was High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire -in 1830. This family, besides having a wreath in their crest and flowers -round their shield, perhaps had fine tastes, as the book in which I have -this Morgan Thomas plate is a very beautiful piece of English dated -binding. It is a 1660--Henry Hills and John Field--Bible, bound in black -morocco, beautifully blindtooled in Mearne style, and with initials “M. -M.” and date “1673” in the middle of each cover. The four outside -corners of the binding are covered - -[Illustration] - -with silver on which are engraved flowers similar to those designed on -the leather. - -The bookplate over the inscription--“The Revᵈ John Constable, -Ringmer”--is simply a ship in full sail, and this is the crest of one of -the families of Constable. This plate is in a copy of Parson’s--_His -Christian Directory_, London, 1754. The volume also contains the -autograph “William Constable.” It so happens that another crest borne by -the Constables was a dragon’s head, and this may be seen on the -bookplate of William Constable, F.R.S. and F.S.A., pasted into an old -volume of manuscript escheats and inquiries in the county of York, which -belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates, and is probably one of the Dodsworth -volumes, which posterity owes to the thoughtfulness of the great Lord -Fairfax, who, when war was raging and devastation threatening, had -copies made of many old manuscripts for fear that the originals might be -lost. - -It always adds to the interest when there is the owner’s signature to -his own bookplate. This is the case with a volume of a small -topographical work. The bookplate represents the arms and crest of the -famous clan Macintosh, with “C. C. M.” below, probably standing for -Charles Calder Macintosh. The owner and donor has made it read, “From -C. C. Macintosh to Charles Forbes. Bombay, 17th April, 1811.” This -would, of course, be Sir Charles Forbes, of Indian fame. - -The arms of the ancient clan Macintosh are: Quarterly, first, or, a lion -rampant gules; second, argent, a dexter hand fesseways, couped at the -wrist, and holding a human heart gules; third, azure, a boar’s head -couped, or; fourth, or, a lymphad sable, surmounted by two oars in -saltire, gules. Crest a cat-a-mountain salient guardant proper. Over the -crest the motto: “Touch not the cat, but a glove.” The charge or, a lion -rampant gules, is on account of the descent from MacDuff. The third, -azure, a boar’s head couped, or, is for Gordon of Lochinvar. The fourth, -a lymphad, oars erect in saltire, sable, is for Clan Chattan. The lion -rampant of the ancient MacDuffs may be well accounted for, as King -Malcolm III. gave to MacDuff and his descendants the privileges of -leading the van of the Scottish army whenever the royal standard was -unfurled, and of placing the crown on the heads of the kings at their -coronation. - -George Ormerod, well known as the historian of Cheshire, was the only -son of George Ormerod of Bury, Lancashire, and his wife - -[Illustration] - -Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Johnson of Tyldesley, and was born in High -Street, Manchester, 20th October, 1785. - -In 1803 Ormerod matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford. In 1807 he -received the honorary degree of M.A., and in 1818 was made a D.C.L. -Becoming the owner of Sedbury Park on the beautiful peninsula of -Beachley, between the Severn and the Wye, he lived there until his death -in 1873, nearly ninety years of age. In 1808 he married the eldest -daughter of John Latham, M.D., F.R.S., of Bradwall Hall, Cheshire. His -library was sold in 1875. - -Arms as Ormerod of Ormerod (or three bars and a lion passant, in chief -gules), quartering Johnson of Tyldesley, Wareing of Walmersley, Crompton -of Hacking Hall, and Nuttall of Walmersley. Crest a wolf’s head couped -at the neck, barry of four, or and gules, holding in the mouth an -ostrich’s feather erect proper. This plate is in a book, the fine black -morocco gilt binding of which was reproduced by Griggs for the -Bibliography of _Eikon Basilike_. - -In May, 1893, Sothebys sold the Bateman Heirlooms, the valuable library -of Printed Books and Manuscripts formed by the late Mr. W. Bateman, and -Mr. T. Bateman, of Lomberdale House, Youlgrave, Derbyshire. The books -had been well cared for, and sometimes annotated and extra illustrated. -Such was the case with the copy of _Reliquiæ Sacræ_, 1651, with armorial -bookpile bookplate: “Wm. Bateman, F.A.S., of Middleton by Yolgrave in -the County of Derby.” - -Another plate is armorial. Burke gives the arms as or, three crescents, -within the horns of each an estoile gules. Crest a crescent and estoile, -as in the arms, between two eagles’ wings or. Motto: “Sidus ad sit -amicum.” - -William Bateman, of Middleton-by-Youlgrave, married Mary, daughter of -James Crompton of Brightmet, Lancashire. He died on 28th August, 1861, -at Lomberdale House, near Bakewell. William Bateman’s father and -grandfather had both done much towards founding the family library and -museum. - -A fine plate here illustrated is that of the Duke of Beaufort, from a -fine copy of the first edition of _Eikon Basilike_. - -Mr. H. B. Wheatley, of Pepys fame, has kindly written me the following -notes regarding Conduitt bookplate:-- - -John Conduitt was born in the year of the Revolution, and was at -Westminster School in 1701, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, in - -[Illustration: THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT] - -[Illustration] - -1705. He was M.P. for Whitchurch 1715-34, after which he was elected for -Southampton. He was Master of the Mint 1727-37. He succeeded Sir Isaac -Newton, but previously to the death of Newton he relieved him of his -most onerous duties for some years. He married Mrs. Catherine Barton, -Newton’s niece, on 20th August, 1717. - -“His only daughter married Viscount Lymington, son of the first Earl of -Portsmouth, which accounts for the fact that Newton’s MSS., etc., are in -the possession of the Portsmouth family; also the magnificent portrait -of Newton by Kneller. - -“Conduitt wrote, in 1730, _Observations on the Present State of our Gold -and Silver Coins_, which came into the possession of Dean Swift, and -after remaining many years in MS. was published in 1774. Jevons praised -the work very highly. - -“Conduitt was buried in Westminster Abbey, close by Newton’s grave. - -“There is a scandal connected with Mrs. Catherine Barton which -biographers of Newton have generally agreed to ignore. She is known to -have kept house for Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax (who died in May, -1715), and is generally spoken of as his mistress by the gossips of the -day. Augustus de Morgan wrote a book on the subject, which was published -after his death, and entitled, _Newton, his Friend, and his Niece_. -1885. In this De Morgan argued for the opinion which he had formed that -Lord Halifax (who died May, 1715) married Mrs. Barton privately about -April, 1706. He made out a fair case, but he could obtain no actual -evidence, and when Mrs. Barton married Conduitt she was described as a -spinster.” - -Of his own bookplate, here reproduced, Mr. Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A., -kindly writes to me:-- - -“I gave Hamilton an account of its origin, which he printed in the -little book on members of the Society of Odd Volumes. The room -represented was on the back first floor of the house in Caroline Street, -Bedford Square, which had been built out for John Philip Kemble to -accommodate his fine collection of plays, now in the library of the Duke -of Devonshire. I used the room as my library during the six years I -lived in the house, and a very pleasant room it was, looking out upon -trees which occupied an open space between Caroline and Charlotte -Streets. It, with other houses, was pulled down soon after I left in -1889, and the - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: JAMES RAINE] - -Bedford Mansions have been built on the site. Kemble lived in the house -from 1787 (when he married) to 1799, when he removed to a larger house -in Great Russell Street.” - -A good plate is the _ex libris_ of Robert Surtees of Mainsforth, the -well-known antiquary and topographer. It was drawn by himself, and -engraved by Samuel John Neele, who was born in 1758 and died in 1824. -Surtees was born in the South Bailey of the ancient city of Durham in -1779. On 28th October, 1796, he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, -and took his M.A. in 1803. His father had just died, so he now settled -at Mainsforth, the family home. As an undergraduate at Oxford he was -already planning to record the history of his native shire. - -Settled at Mainsforth, he used to drive about the county with a groom; -and his friend and kindred spirit, James Raine, whose plate I give from -a book kindly lent me by the Rev. Prebendary Deedes, has recorded the -groom’s testimony that it was “weary work, for Master always stopped the -gig, and we never could get past an auld beelding.” Surtees suffered -from constant ill-health, but his house was always open to scholars and -antiquaries. He died at Mainsforth on February 11th, 1834. - -This plate is in a volume of two tracts--one about Marston Moor, 1650. -On the inside of the end cover is a plate in the Bewick style: “T. Bell, -1797,” and the autograph facsimile “Thomas Bell.” This is no doubt the -bookplate of Thomas Bell, the antiquary, born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in -1785. He died in his native place in 1860, and his library, rich in -antiquarian lore, printed and in manuscript, was sold there after his -death. - -An armorial plate of the palm-branch manner is that of “Thomas Langton” -in a book of sermons by Richard Hurd, D.D., 1788. As given by Burke, the -crest is an eagle displayed with two heads, vert, charged on the breast -with a trefoil, or. The motto is “Loyal au mort.” - -A curious succession of bookplates connected one with another is shown -in two volumes before me. One work is “_Vindiciæ Pietatis_: ... By R. A. -London: Printed in the year 1663.” The other is a book as far asunder as -the poles. It is catalogued “Des Livres, Estampes & Desseins, du -Cabinet.... Appartenent Au Baron Tessin, Marèchal de la Cour du Roy & -sur-intendent de Batiments & Jardins Royaux de Suede.... Stockholm, -1712.” - -The first volume has three bookplates, all armorial. First, the plate -of Sir William Lee, Knight, with the motto “verum atque decens.” -“Mutlow, sculp., York Street, Covent Garden.” Then a smaller and -different plate, but by the same engraver, and with the same arms, -crest, and motto, but pertaining to “William Lee Antonie, Esqʳ.” After -this, again, comes the third _ex libris_ in the book, and this is -without name engraving, but is evidently Lee quartering Fiott. - -John Fiott, a London merchant who died at Bath in 1797, married Harriet, -second daughter of William Lee, of Totteridge Park, Hertfordshire. Their -son John, fifth wrangler at St. John’s College, Cambridge, in 1805, and -LL.D. in 1816, assumed, in 1815, by royal licence, the name of Lee under -the will of William Lee Antonie, of Colworth House, Bedfordshire, his -maternal uncle. At the same time he acquired the estates of Colworth in -Bedfordshire, and Totteridge Park, Hertfordshire. He lived eighty-four -years, and in 1863, at the age of eighty, he was admitted a barrister of -Gray’s Inn. Between 1807 and 1810 he held a travelling bachelorship from -Cambridge, and made a learned tour through the Ionian Isles and other -parts. In 1828 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, -and he left valuable collections to the Society. He was even more -interested in science than in antiquities, and in 1830 built an -observatory in the south portico of Hartwell House. Leaving no children, -his property passed to his brother, the Rev. Nicholas Fiott, who took -the surname of Lee. The Lee crest is a bear with a chain. - -Guillim has recorded: “Hee beareth Sable, a Beare passant, Argent.... -The Shee Beare is most cruelly imaged against any that shall hurt her -yong, or dispoile her of them: as the Scripture saith, in setting forth -the fierce anger of the Lord, that he will meete his aduersaries, as a -Beare robbed of her whelps. Which teacheth vs how carefull Nature would -haue vs to bee of the welfare of our children, sith so cruell beasts are -so tender harted in this kind.” - -“Vindiciæ Pietatis: ... By R. A. London: Printed in the year, 1663.” The -author of this precious volume was Richard Alleine, born in 1611 at -Ditcheat, in Somersetshire. In 1641 he became Rector of Batcombe in the -same county. The _Dictionary of National Biography_ is for once induced -to warmly clothe the dry skeleton, with which it has usually tried to -make us content. “For twenty years Alleine - -[Illustration] - -remained at Batcombe, and was idolized by his parishioners.... Vindiciæ -Pietatis ... refused license by Sheldon ... was published without ... -was rapidly bought up and did much to mend this bad world. Roger Norton, -the royal printer, caused a large portion of the first edition to be -seized on the ground of its not being licensed, and to be sent to the -royal kitchen. But, glancing over its pages, he was arrested by what he -read, and on second thoughts it seemed to him a sin that a book so holy -and so saleable should be killed. He therefore bought back the sheets, -says Calamy, for an old song, bound them, and sold them in his own -shop.” - -The closing lines of _Vindiciæ Pietatis_ are: “But by the grace of God, -whilst God is a God of holinesse, whilst holinesse is the Image and -Interest of God, whilst these words of the Lord, Be ye holy, follow -holinesse, live righteously, soberly, and godly in this present world, -whilst these and the like words of the Lord, stand unrepeal’d, by the -Grace of God, I will be a Friend, an Advocate, a Confessor, a -Practitioner of Holinesse to the end of my days. This is my resolution, -and in this resolution I commit myself to God, and so come on me what -will.” - -So much for the first book of the two. The second--Baron Tessin’s -_Catalogue_--has two _ex libris_. The first is that of John Fiott before -he took the name of Lee. It is the plate of “John Fiott, B.A. / St. -John’s College, Cambridge, / 1806 /.” The plate shows a globe floating -in the air, with the Fiott arms engraved on it, and the crest, a horse -coupé, over it. Of course, as a wrangler he could not help being an -astronomer; but this indicates his early taste for studying the heavens. - -Of this crest Guillim tells us:-- - -“A horse erected boult vpright may bee termed enraged, but his noblest -action is expressed in a saliant forme. This of all beasts for mans -vses, is the most noble and behoofefull either in Peace or Warre. And -sith his service and courage in the Field is so eminent, it may bee -maruelled why the Lion should be esteemed a more honourable bearing. But -the reason is because the horse’s seruice and strength is principally by -helpe of his Rider, whereas the Lion’s is his owne: and if the Horse be -not mounted, he fights auerse turning his heeles to his aduersary, but -the Lion encounters affront, which is more manly.” - -The Duke of Sussex used two plates amongst - -[Illustration: THE DUKE OF SUSSEX] - -his books in Kensington Palace, one “Perkins and Heath. Patent Hardened -steel plate.” The main feature of this plate is a Knight of the Garter’s -chain forming a circle enclosing a lion on a coronet at the base of the -plate, a helmet on one side, and an owl on the other. The other plate is -here reproduced. - -A pretty armorial plate of about this time, the shield resting on -flowers, and a palm branch at each side, is the _ex libris_ of “Charles -Gordon Esqʳ of Beldorny and Wardhouse.” Below the shield is engraved a -ribbon, but without any inscription. The motto--“in hoc spes mea”--is -fittingly over the crest, which is described as a cross crosslet -fitchée. The arms of Gordon of Beldorny are quarterly, first and fourth, -azure, a lion rampant argent between three boars’ heads erased of the -second; second and third, azure, three boars’ heads within a bordure -engrailed argent. - -Now for old Scotland--“Fraser of Ledeclune”; this is a splendid modern -_ex libris_. This plate is worthily found in a fine, large-paper copy of -“poems by goldsmith and parnell. london: printed by W. Bulmer and co. -Shakspeare Printing Office, cleveland row. 1795”. “To raise the art of -Printing in this country from the neglected state ... to combine the -various beauties of Printing, Type-founding, Engraving, and -Paper-making; as well with a view to ascertain the near approach to -perfection which those arts have attained in this country, as to invite -a fair competition with the best Typographical Productions of other -nations.... The whole of the Types, ... are executed by Mr. William -Martin, in the house of my friend Mr. George Nicol, whose unceasing -endeavours to improve the art of Printing &c.... The ornaments are all -engraved on blocks of wood, by two of my earliest acquaintances, Messrs. -Bewicks, of Newcastle upon Tyne and London, ... I may venture to say, -without being supposed to be influenced by ancient friendship, that they -form the most extraordinary effort of the art of engraving upon wood, -that ever was produced in any age, or any country....” Of the paper it -is only necessary to say that it comes from the manufactory of Mr. -Whatman. - - * * * * * - -Burke’s _General Armoury_ gives:-- - -“Quarterly, first and fourth, azure, a bend engrailed between three -cinquefoils (or frasiers), argent, a canton gyronny of eight or and -sable; second and third, argent, three antique crowns gules (the latter -quartering was given - -[Illustration] - -to Sir Simon Frazer for having thrice saved the life of Robert Bruce at -the battle of Methven). Crest a buck’s head, erased gules. Supporters, -two stags proper, attired and unguled or, collared azure, pendent -therefrom an escutcheon gyronny of eight gold-and-sable, each resting -one foot on an anchor of the last. Motto: ‘Je suis prêt.’ The branches -of yew in the bookplate are the ancient badge of the clan Fraser. This -book has been beautifully bound, evidently by Kalthoeber.” - -“The Honourable Archibald Campbell Esqʳ. 1708” is engraved at the base -of an armorial plate, with mantling, and lions for supporters. This is -the plate of Archibald Campbell, second son of Lord Niel Campbell, who -was second son of Archibald, Marquis of Argyll. The owner of this plate -had a remarkable life. First, he is said to have taken part in the -rebellion headed by his uncle, the ninth Earl of Argyll, in 1685, and -then to have made his escape to Surinam. - -That fine old Tory, Dr. Samuel Johnson, says of him, that after his -youthful whiggish days “he kept better company and became a violent -tory.” On the 25th of August, 1711, he was consecrated a bishop at -Dundee by Bishops Rose, Douglas, and Falconer. He died in London in -1744. This plate is in his interleaved and copiously annotated copy of -the New Testament in Latin: “Theodore Beza’s, Londini excudebat Thomas -Vautrollerius, Typographus, 1581.” It belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates. - -The nice plate of “Campbell of Shawfield” gives a shield-of-arms, not -just corresponding with Burke’s _General Armoury_, which records: -Gyronny of eight or and sable, within a bordure of the first, charged -with as many crescents of the second. Crest a griffin erect, holding the -Sun between the forepaws. Motto: “Fidus amicis.” - -Campbell of Shawfield might be dubbed doubly Campbell, as being a time -back represented by Walter Frederick Campbell, of Islay and Shamfuld, -son of Colonel John Campbell and his wife Charlotte, youngest daughter -of John, Duke of Argyll. - -Guillim wrote: “This forme of helmet, placed sidelong and close, doth -Ger Leigh attribute to the dignity of a Knight, but in mine -understanding, it fitteth better the calling of an Esquier ... of these, -each Knight had two to attend him in the warres, withersoeuer he went, -who bare his helmet and shield before him; forasmuch, as they did hold -certaine lands - -[Illustration] - -of him in scutage, as the Knight did hold of the King by Military -seruice.” - -This Campbell of Shawfield plate is in a copy of _The History of the -Siege of Toulon_.... Done from the French Copy, Printed at Paris, and -Dedicated to the French King. London ... at the Raven in Pater Noster -Row. 1708. - -“Hudson Gurney” was born in Norwich on the 19th of January, 1775, his -father being Richard Gurney, of Keswick Hall, Norfolk. Hudson Gurney was -indeed a proper man to have a bookplate, and he had several. He gave his -money generously to help the publication of works of antiquarian -interest. From 1822 to 1846 he was a Vice-President of the Society of -Antiquaries. He had a library of from ten to fifteen thousand volumes, -and was not content merely to have his books, but was an ardent reader. -He was also very ready to help others: he was kind, liberal, and -hospitable. He died on the 9th November, 1864. His family, as the -ancient Norman family of De Gournay, owned Keswick Hall and West -Barsham, both in Norfolk, for many centuries. The arms (see Burke): -Argent, a cross engrailed gules. The smaller bookplate, not reproduced -here, represents one crest of the family, namely, on a chapeau gules, -turned-up ermine, a gurnet fish in pale, with the head downwards. - -The Hastings bookplate is simply armorial with supporters, and -underneath it the inscription “Hastings.” The barony of Hastings, -created by Edward I. in 1290, having fallen into abeyance, the House of -Lords reported that Henry L’Estrange Styleman Le Strange, Esq., of -Hunstanton, Norfolk, and Sir Jacob Astley, Bart., were co-heirs to the -barony. Whereupon Sir Jacob had the abeyance terminated in his favour, -and was summoned to Parliament by writ in 1841 as Baron Hastings. On his -death, in 1859, he was succeeded by his elder son, Jacob Henry Delaval, -Baron Hastings, who died in 1871, and was succeeded by his brother, the -Vicar of East Barsham, in Norfolk. He died in September, 1872, and was -succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, who, however, dying in 1875, -unmarried, was succeeded by his next brother, George Manners. The arms -are: Quarterly, first, azure a cinquefoil pierced ermine within a -bordure, engrailed, or for Astley; second, argent a lion rampant gules -ducally crowned, or for Constable; third, argent two lions passant, -gules for L’Estrange; fourth, or a maunch, gules for Hastings. -Supporters, on either side a - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL] - -lion gules, ducally crowned, and gorged with a collar or, therefrom -pendent an escutcheon of the arms of Hastings. The motto is “Justitiæ -tenax.” - -Old Guillim illustrated the maunch, and wrote: “The Field is Topaze, a -Maunch Ruby. This Coat armour pertained to the honourable Family of -Hastings, Earles of Pembroke, and is quartered by the right Honourable -Henry Gray, now Earle of Kent. Of things of Antiquity, saith Leigh, that -are growne out of vse, this is one, which hath beene, and is taken for -the sleeue of a garment.” - -The view bookplate of the library of the Dean and Chapter of Winchester -is interesting. Beriah Botfield described the library as a long room -over the only remaining portion of the cloisters attached to that noble -building. It is curious to note that this bookplate is in a folio copy -of the _Reliquiæ Sacræ_, or writings of Charles I., and that many of the -chief books in the library were the generous bequest of Bishop Morley, -the friend of Charles I., and who, tradition says, helped the issue of -_Eikon Basilike_. The books are in the old open oak bookcases in which -they stood in the good bishop’s palace of Wolvesey. In the library is in -manuscript “A Catalogue of all the Bookes in his Lordship’s Library, -bequeathed by his Lordship’s Will to the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity -of Winchester; and which the longer his lordship lived, he declared by -his letters should be the more and not the fewer.” - -The bookplate in the Bewick style of the “Revᵈ T. Newcome. Brook sculp. -302 Strand.” is in an imperfect volume of an eighteenth-century -duodecimo edition of Samuel Butler’s _Hudibras_. - -Of cathedral libraries an interesting bookplate, and lent to me by Mr. -G. F. Barwick, is that of the Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The Rev. -Prebendary Deedes, of Chichester, has very kindly written to me the -following note:-- - -“This is the earlier of the two bookplates used in the Cathedral -Library. That at present in use, which is substantially the same design, -has no embellishment and is not so well engraved. - -“See a paper on ‘The Arms of Chichester Cathedral’ in _Sussex Arch. -Transactions_, vol. xi., with illustrations from seals, now in the -possession of the Bishop or the Dean and Chapter. The design is intended -to represent our Lord as described by St. John the Divine in Revelation -i. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -The heralds of the seventeenth century mistook it for ‘Prester John,’ -the mythical Emperor of Abyssinia in the Middle Ages, and it is -sometimes so described in Heraldic Manuals. There is a difference of -treatment as to tinctures. The ‘field’ is, I believe, uniformly blue, -the throne gold, the figure usually gold, but occasionally white, which -my friend Dr. Codrington maintains is correct. The earlier seals -generally give a badge of the Holy Trinity, which is the Dedication of -the Cathedral. The motto--‘Liber monumente coram eo’--is the Vulgate -version of part of Malachi iii. 16.” - -Of about this date, with a garland surrounding the shield and crest at a -little distance, and two palm branches crossed, is the bookplate of the -“Revᵈ. Manley Wood. Middle Temple.” The family is of North Taunton, -Devon, and the arms, as given by Burke: Sable, three bars or; on a -canton gules, a demi-woodman, holding a club over the dexter shoulder -or. Crest a woodman proper, wreathed about the temples and loins vert, -holding in the dexter hand an olive branch of the last. This bookplate -of a Devon man is in a Devon book, and it is “down along” all over. It -bears the inscription: “W. Beal ex dono authoris. Plymouth.” The book -is “the Plain Truth: ... By John Agate M.A.... Exon: Printed by Jos. -Bliss, and Sold by the Booksellers in Exon MDCCVIII.” I have only quoted -about a twentieth part of the title-page, but must give a scrap or two -from “To the Reader”: “Be it known, that supposing Mr. Wither had not -(as ’tis shamefully notorious he has) first broken the Peace, by drawing -me to the Press, yet his Harangue about Union and Moderation, is all -Banter and Grimace: for how ridiculous is an everlasting Cant and Din -about Peace and Union, from One who, ... if he does not Love, yet -manifestly lives by Divisions!...” - -The armorial bookplate with large margin of “The Rᵗ Honᵇˡᵉ The Earl of -Suffolk, is in a splendid folio large-paper copy of The Book of Common -Prayer.... Printed by Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel, printers to the -Universitie of Cambridge. Anno Dom. 1638. The latter half of the volume -is the Whole Book of Psalmes, Collected into English metre, by Th. -Sternhold, John Hopkins, and others, ... with apt notes to sing them -withall:”--the same printer and date. The whole volume being ruled in -red lines in the very effective way used with special copies, and bound -in fine - -[Illustration] - -old black morocco, gilt extra, evidently by good Thomas Buck of -Cambridge town. - -The arms, with an earl’s coronet above, and lions for supporters, are -first, gules, a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchée, argent; on -the bend an escutcheon, or, charged with a demi-lion, rampant, pierced -through the mouth with an arrow, within a double tressure, flory-counter -flory, gules, for Howard; second, gules, three lions passant-guardant, -in pale or, and a label of three points, argent, for Thomas of -Brotherton; third, chequy, or and azure, for Warren; fourth, gules, a -lion rampant, argent, for Mowbray. Below the shield is the motto, “Nous -Maintiendrons.” The family of the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire comes -from the famous house of Howard, springing from Thomas, fourth Duke of -Norfolk and his second wife. - -In the _ex libris_ of “HRH Princess Sophia” there seems something -delightfully simple and suitable to a virgin Princess. The Princess -Sophia, one of the numerous family of George III., was born in 1777, and -lived until 1848. This bookplate is a lesson in the art of simplicity. -It is in “Memoires du Prince Eugénie de Savoie ... A Londres 1811.” - -Here, also, is the bookplate of “Bulkeley Bandinel DD Bodleian -Librarian, Oxford.” This little plate tells all that could be wished. It -is in a copy of the 1720 edition of Wishart’s _Montrose_, and has -Bandinel’s autograph. It has lately belonged to Mr. William Twopeny. - -I give also the plate of Philip Bliss, another famous custodian of -Bodley’s. In any of his books which had not his bookplate he had a -playful habit of marking the B sheet signature. - -The _ex libris_ now mentioned is in a curious copy of a curious work. -“The North Briton ... London: Printed for J. Williams, near the Mitre -Tavern, Fleet Street. MDCCLXIII.” Two volumes bound in one, and -including all the forty-five numbers. The volume is bound in calf and -lettered “_poison for the Scotch_.” Inside is an armorial bookplate with -two winged monsters for supporters. It is evidently the bookplate of a -Fletcher. The arms that Burke gives are sable, a cross flory argent -between four escallops. Crest a bloodhound azure, ducally gorged or. The -motto is “Dieu pour nous.” - -“Robert Plumptre”’s bookplate gives argent, a chevron between two -mullets pierced in chief, and an amulet in base sable, the arms of -Plumptre; and the crest a phœnix or out - -[Illustration] - -of flames proper. The motto given is “turpi secernere honestum.” Another -small shield-of-arms is placed over the Plumptre shield, - -Nottingham has been the chief abiding-place of the Plumptres for many -centuries. - -This bookplate is in a copy of œuvres de Mr. Pavillon de C’Academie -Francoise. a la Haye, ... 1715. - -There are two _ex libris_ in a copy belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of -“Report of Proceedings ... Oyer & Terminer and Gaol Delivery. County of -York. held at the castle of York ... 1813.” The first is that of -“William Stretton Lenton Priory,” which words are engraved under a -simple armorial shield. Arms: argent, a bend engrailed sable, cotised -gules. The second plate has the inscription “Sempronius Stretton Lenton -Priory.” In this plate the shield, with different bearings from the -other, is represented as held by an eagle. This Sempronius Stretton of -Lenton Priory, in Nottinghamshire, was, I fancy, a colonel in the army; -and hanging just below the shield are two objects looking like war -medals. - -In a fine copy of Baxter’s _Anacreon_--a rare little work--is the -armorial plate “Brown” (Waterhaughs, County Ayr, 1806). Burke gives: -Quarterly, first and fourth, gules, on a chevron between three -fleur-de-lis or, a ship sails furled sable, a bordure of the second; -second and third, gyronny of eight wavy, ermine and gules, for Campbell. -Crest a demi-lion proper, holding in his dexter paw a fleur-de-lis or. - -A good plate here given is that of Sir J. S. Stewart, Baronet. - -In a 1649 _Eikon Basilike_ is a modern round bookplate of “John Bailey -Langhorne.” The arms were granted to the Langhornes of Bedfordshire 20th -January, 1610. Sable a cross argent; on a chief of the second three -bugle-horns of the field, stringed gules. Crest a bugle-horn sable, -stringed gules, between two wings expanded, argent. - -“John Warren, BA, LLB.” The name and, to some extent, the arms will -remind incidentally bookplate collectors of the first historian of -English bookplates. The motto is “tenebo.” The arms are chequy or and -azure; on a canton gules a lion rampant argent. Crest on a chapeau -gules, turned-up ermine, a wyvern argent, wings expanded, chequy or and -azure. - -“Thomas James Tatham,” an _ex libris_ about fifty years old. Thomas -James Tatham lived in Bedford Place, Russell Square, and bore for - -[Illustration] - -his own arms, argent, a chevron gules between three swans’ necks couped -sable. Crest, on a trumpet or, a swan with wings displayed sable. The -motto: “perseverance.” - -A bookplate very interesting from the identity of its owner is that of -“Henry Crabb Robinson,” the warm friend of Lamb, Coleridge, Wordsworth, -Southey, and a host of other interesting characters. He died at his -house, 30, Russell Square, on February 5th, 1867, at the good age of -ninety-one years. - -A sensible armorial plate is that inscribed at foot as “Right Honᵇˡᵉ. -Sir Robert Peel Bart,” and across the top “Drayton Manor.” The arms, as -granted to Robert Peel of Manchester, father of the first baronet, were: -Argent three sheaves of as many arrows proper, banded gules; on a chief -azure a bee volant or. Crest a demi-lion rampant argent, gorged with a -collar azure, charged with three bezants, holding between the paws a -shuttle or. Motto: “Industria.” - -“Robᵗ D Mayne,” a facsimile signature, is under a modern plate, where, -of course, both arms and motto have something to say about hands. The -arms are: Ermine, on a bend sable, three dexter hands couped argent. The -motto runs: “manus justa decus.” - -Of martial mottoes, “militavi non sine gloria” is a good specimen. It is -on the bookplate, about forty years old, which has under it the engraved -signature of “J Knight.” The crest is a spur between two wings. - -“Wynfield.” This is a shield with Wynfield arms--vert on a bend argent, -three crosses patonce sable, and a host of quarterings; also two crests, -one a lion’s head, and the other a falcon. The motto is “aut vincere aut -mori.” - -“William Holgate.” This is a plain armorial bookplate. Or, a bend -between two bulls’ heads, couped sable. The crest is, out of a mural -coronet argent, a bull’s head sable, gorged with a collar of the first, -charged with two bends gules. - -“T. A. Dale.” A very small shield, with simply the name underneath. Arms -of Dale of Rutlandshire, confirmed in 1602: Paly of six argent and -gules, on a chief azure three garbs or. Crest three Danish battle-axes -erect, handled or, headed argent, enfiled with a chaplet of roses of the -first. - -The bookplate, also armorial, with two palm leaves, of “Honᵇˡᵉ Edmund -Phipps.” The arms are, of course, the Normandy coat. Quarterly first and -fourth, sable, a trefoil slipped between eight mullets argent, for -Phipps; second and third, paly of six argent and azure; over all a bend -gules for Annesley. Crest, a lion’s gamb erect sable holding a trefoil -slipped argent. This in a 1648 copy of _Eikon Basilike_. - -A pleasant variety in style is the plate of “George Cardale.” It is -evidently a real bookman’s bookplate. In good large letters on a scroll -around the shield are the words, “studendo et contemplando indefessus.” -In the arms and crest is seen the Cornish chough. - -An _Eikon Basilike_, 1648, with a bookplate, “Revᵈ Charles Chester.” -Below and beside the armorial shield is a neat design of two palm -leaves. The arms, ermine, on a chief sable a griffin passant or, armed -argent. Crest, a dragon passant argent, are those of Chester of Blabie -in Leicestershire, descended from an uncle of the first Sir Robert -Chester of Royston, who, as one of the gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to -King Henry VIII., received from that monarch a grant of the monastery of -Royston. - -“Fothergill sc” is on the _ex libris_ of “Cecil D. Wray, A.M. / F.C.C. -Manchester.” Arms: azure, on a chief or, three martlets gules. Crest an -ostrich or. Motto: “et juste et vray.” The Rev. Cecil Daniel Wray, -Canon of Manchester Collegiate Church, was son and heir of the Rev. -Henry Wray, of Brogden House, in Kelfield, Lincolnshire, and his wife -the daughter of George Lloyd, of Holm Hall, near Manchester. - -The Wrays come from Sir Christopher Wray, Lord Chief Justice of the -Court of Queen’s Bench in the days of Queen Bess. - -A pretty little plate, and not armorial, is that of “John T. Beer.” The -centre represents an open mouth of a well, with an owl perched on the -further edge of it. At each side of the well rise tropical palms. -Besides the name ribbon are these three inscriptions: “knowledge is -high,” “truth is straight,” “wisdom is wealth.” - -An unpretending _ex libris_ is that of “Robert Buchanan Stewart.” These -words are inscribed on a circular strap enclosing a fancy monogram. -Below is “ubi thesaurus ibi cor.” Below are spaces for filling in -number, class, and case. - -As a good specimen of a Society’s bookplate may be given one engraved -for the “Royal Institute of British Architects. Tite Donation 1868.” Sir -William Tite, the architect of the Royal Exchange and of many great -buildings, - -[Illustration] - -was born in 1798 in the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great, London, and -died at Torquay in 1873. He represented Bath in the House of Commons -from 1855 until his death. His valuable library of early English books -and other rarities was sold at Sotheby’s after his death. - -The Right Honorable Sir Gore Ouseley, Baronet, Grand Cordon of the -Persian Order of the Lion and Sun, and Grand Cross of the Imperial -Russian Order of St. Alexander Newski--a famous Oriental scholar, Fellow -of the Royal Society, and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries--was born -in 1770, and created a baronet in 1808. His wife was Harriott-Georgiana, -daughter of John Whitelocke, Esq. In 1810 Sir Gore Ouseley became -Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of -Persia, and afterwards at St. Petersburg. He died in 1844 at Hall Barn, -Beaconsfield, which had belonged to Edmund Waller, the poet, and which -he had twelve years before purchased from the poet’s descendant, Mr. -Waller of Farmington. - -“Whalley Hamerton” is a good idea in bookplates. It looks like unto a -picture of some fine old seal. Whale’s heads for Whalley. It is in a -scarce book: Marshal Ney. Report of the trial ... Paris: Printed and -sold at Galignani’s ... 1815. - -“A fenwyke! a fenwyke” is the motto at the foot of a Fenwick bookplate, -probably Fenwick and Robinson. First and fourth, six martlets -counterchanged, three cinquefoils. The Fenwicks were an intrepid race -haunting the northern borders, and the proud House of Percy never went -to battle without the valiant Fenwicks to help them. - -“Richard Clark Esqʳ. Chamberlain of London.” Such are the words engraved -below the plain armorial plate. Argent on a bend gules three swans -proper, between as many pellets, a canton sinister azure charged with a -demi-ram mounting of the first, armed or between two fleur-de-lis in -chief of the last; on it a baton dexter of the field. The motto is “est -modus in rebus.” - -Guillim remarks: “The Swan is a Birde of great Beautie, and strength -also: and this is reported in Honour of Him, that hee vseth not his -strength, to Prey or tyrannize ouer any other Fowle, but onelie to be -reuenged on such as first offer Him wrong; in which case he often -subdueth the Eagle.” - -A good _ex libris_, engraved perhaps about 1820, and in an 1824 copy of -_Eikon Basilike_, is - -[Illustration] - -the bookplate of “Harry Kerby Pott.” The motto is “fortis et astutus.” -The arms are: azure, two bars or, over all a bend of the last. The crest -a leopard, or ounce, sejant proper, collared, lined and ringed azure. -According to the Herald’s College, these arms were granted in 1583. - -The quite modern, fantastic plate of “Thomas Bradshaw. Stackhouse. -Settle.” seems to represent Father Time with his scythe; and Father Time -seems to be expressed as an old man in a hurry, who has learnt to fly -without wings. This plate is in a Yorkshire West Riding poll-book of -1838, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates. - -A very pleasing modern non-armorial plate is “George Parker -Heathcote”’s. In a prettily formed rectangular frame is seen an angel -holding a shield and pointing to the monogram “G P H”, which occupies -the shield. The names in full are round the framework. This plate is in -a volume of the Camden Society. - -Appropriately, in a copy belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of Poulson’s -Holderness, Hull, 1840, is a bookplate of a member of a family that -hails from Knaresborough. “John Rhodes” is the facsimile signature at -the foot of the plate, below the motto “ung durant ma vie.” The arms -are: argent on a cross engrailed, between four lions rampant gules, as -many bezants. Crest a leopard sejant or, spotted sable, collared and -ringed argent. - -Two nineteenth-century _ex libris_--one of “Thomas Tindal Methold,” and -the other of “Henry Methold.” The Methold arms are: azure six escallops -or. The crest is a goat’s head erased argent, attire and beard sable. -The Metholds, or Methuolds, are an old Norfolk family. - -A simple nineteenth-century _ex libris_ is that of “Christopher -Roberts,” with the motto “un roy une foy une loy.” The arms, granted on -2nd June, 1614, to Roberts of Truro, Cornwall, are: azure, on a chevron -argent, three mullets pierced sable. Crest a demi-lion azure holding a -mullet argent, pierced sable. - - - - -CHAPTER XI - -BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA - - -Sixty years ago the intelligent European reader would have rubbed his -eyes and looked at his feet to be sure that they were not where his head -ought to be, if told that American readers formed, in a marked degree, a -very large class to whom publishers and authors should look for sympathy -and encouragement. That is all changed now, and there is probably no -country in the world where books, and all that is implied in that magic -word, arouse so keen an interest. - -It will not be out of place to pause and think of the honoured names of -a few of those who have helped to prepare the road for this change. Of -course, some seeds of good fruit were sown many generations before. -Passing over Sir Walter Raleigh, colonist and author, we reach, in a few -years, George Sandys, poet and colonist, one of the brave companions of -Captain John Smith. - -John Smith was a member of the council of the 105 emigrants who on -December 19th, 1606, set out from Blackwall to found a colony in -Virginia. Combining prudence with intrepid enterprise, he became the -trusted founder and leader of the colony. In one expedition inland in -December, 1607, he was taken prisoner by the Indians, and is said to -have been rescued by the intervention of Pocahontas, the Indian -Princess. - -George Sandys, son of the Archbishop of York, born in 1578, two years -before John Smith, was, in 1611, named as one of the “Undertakers” in -the third Virginia charter, and in 1621 was made Treasurer of the -Virginia Company, not very long before the colony was taken over by the -Crown. What is to the point of our story is that, in his colony home on -the banks of James River, he translated Ovid’s _Metamorphoses_, -dedicated to Charles I., and published in folio in London in 1626. - -In 1623 the Rev. William Morrell, armed with a commission to superintend -the churches there, went out in Captain Robert Gorges’ expedition to -Massachusetts, lived at Plymouth there one year, and, returning to -England, published in London, in 1525, in quarto, Latin hexameters, with -a translation into English heroic verse, and entitling the book: -“New-England, or a briefe Enarration of the Ayre, Earth, Water, Fish, -and Fowles of that Country. With a Description of the ... Habits and -Religion of the Natives.” - -In 1629 William Wood emigrated from England to Massachusetts, and after -staying there about four years, he came back to England, and in 1634 -published his “New England’s Prospect: A true, lively, and experimentall -Description of that part of America commonly called New England: -Discovering the State of that Countrie, both as it stands to our -new-come English Planters and to the old Native inhabitants: Laying -downe that which may both enrich the Knowledge of the mind-travelling -Reader, or benefit the future Voyager, London, by Thomas Cotes for John -Bellamie. 1634.” - -The author soon went back to the colony, became a representative in the -State Legislature, became the chief founder of Sandwich in Plymouth -Colony, and died there in 1639. - -Of the youth of Roger Williams, the next colonist author, a curious -incident is recorded: “He attended trials in the Court of Star Chamber, -in order to take down notes of them in a shorthand.” Many will recall at -once, how often working as a reporter, has led to a literary career. In -this connection the name of Charles Dickens, and a host of other -authors, occur at once. - -In 1626 Roger Williams took his B.A. degree from Pembroke College, -Cambridge; and on December 1st, 1630, he embarked from Bristol in a ship -named the _Lyon_, and after a voyage of over two months, reached -Nantasket February 5th, 1631. He had been ordained in England; but -neither in the old country nor the new did his ideas of a Church and -Church government generally agree with the views of those in authority. - -In January, 1636, he was cited by Boston, but declining to appear, -Captain John Underhill was despatched to Salem with a sloop to arrest -him and put him aboard ship for England. Receiving a hint from Winthrop -“to arise and flee into the Narrohiganset’s country, free from English -Pattents,” with a few companions he “steered his course for the land of -the Narragansett Indians, being sorely tossed for one fourteen weeks in -a bitter winter season, not knowing what bread or bed did mean.” In 1639 -he became an Anabaptist, was duly immersed, and founded the first -Baptist church in Providence--the mother of 18,000 Baptist churches in -America. In a few months he completely separated from the Baptists, and -became a “Seeker.” His whole life and journeys to and from the old -country cannot be followed here. He lived till 1683, “preaching the -Gospel of Christ, not only to his own people, but to the Children of the -Forest, who received the Missionary, and loved the Man.” Some of his -chief published works were:-- - -“A key into the Language of America, or an Help to the Language of the -Natives in that Part of America called New England; together with Briefe -Observations of the Customes, Manners and Worships of the aforesaid -Natives in Peace and Warre, in Life and Death, London, Gregory Dexler, -1643.” - -“The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, discussed in -a Conference ... 1644.” - -“Experiments of Spiritual Life and Health and their Preservatives. -London 1652.” - -“George Fox digg’d out of his Burrowes, or an Offer of Disputation on -fourteen Proposals made this last Summer, 1672, (so call’d) unto G. Fox, -then present on Rode Island, in New England. Boston. Printed by John -Foster 1676.” - -John Winthrop, born on January 12th, 1588, at Edwardston in Suffolk, -was one of the twelve signatories at Cambridge on August 26th, 1629, to -the document which practically made Massachusetts self-governing. Those -who signed undertook to set sail with their families to inhabit and -continue in New England, provided that the whole government, together -with the patent for the plantation, be first by an order of court -legally transferred and established, to remain with us and others which -shall inhabit upon the said plantation. Shortly John Winthrop was -elected to be governor, and in March of the next year sailed from -England. His literary character was in evidence even throughout the -voyage, as the famous diary was then begun, and also in his journey -across the seas he wrote a little manual, the manuscript of which now -belongs to the New York Historical Society, and is called _Christian -Charitie. A Modell hereof_. - -Now we come to talk of a man who is perhaps the most interesting figure -in early American authorship. John Eliot, the Indian apostle, born in -Herefordshire in 1604, took his degree at Cambridge in 1622, and -afterwards entered Holy Orders. He landed at Boston, New England, in -1631. On November 5th, 1632, he was made a “teacher of the Church at -Roxbury, and held this post until his death at Roxbury on May 20th, -1690.” In the meanwhile, between 1632 and 1690, John Eliot had, amongst -other vast labours, translated the whole Bible into native Indian; but -to be more precise: First came the New Testament in 1661, and a second -edition in 1680. In 1663 the whole Bible, first edition, and in 1685 the -second edition. These wonderful works were published at Cambridge, in -New England. He also helped in the preparation of the English Metrical -version of the Psalms, the first book printed in New England. This was -known as the Bay Psalm-book, and was printed by Stephen Daye in 1640. -Everett declared of him: “Since the death of the Apostle Paul, a nobler, -truer, and warmer spirit than John Eliot never lived.” - -Again, Mather wrote of him: “He that would write of Eliot, must write of -Charity, or say nothing.” - -Richard Baxter, another contemporary, recorded: “There was no man on -earth whom I honour’d above him.” - -The credit for the first really original work published in America seems -to belong to Anne Bradstreet, whose maiden name was Anne Dudley, her -father, Thomas Dudley, becoming Governor of Massachusetts. She was born -in Northamptonshire, and at the early age of sixteen married Simon -Bradstreet, and in 1630 went with him to America. Her husband became -Governor of Massachusetts in 1680. - -Mrs. Anne Bradstreet’s poems were first published in 1640, under the -title of “Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and -Learning, full of delight; wherein especially is contained a compleat -Discourse and Description of the Four Elements, Constitutions, Ages of -Man, and Seasons of the Year, together with an exact Epitome of the -Three first Monarchies, viz: The Assyrian, Persian, and Grecian; and the -beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to the end of their last King, with -divers other pleasant and serious Poems: by a Gentlewoman of New -England.” - -This is not a treatise on history, and we must pass on to later days, -and soon find firm ground with American-born literary men and women. - -Jonathan Edwards, born at Windsor, in Connecticut, became a student at -Yale College in 1716. Already, at thirteen years old, he was reading -Locke on _The Human Understanding_, “with a keener delight than a miser -feels when gathering up handfulls of silver and gold from some -newly-discovered treasure.” The greatest of his many writings was “A -careful and Strict Inquiry into the modern prevailing notion that -Freedom of Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency,” and this -work has been described as undoubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic -theology. Edwards’ father had been fifty years minister of a church in -America, and his ancestors first emigrated from England in Queen -Elizabeth’s days; but the origin of Benjamin Franklin, to whom we come -now, was much humbler. - -His father, Josiah Franklin, came from England, and started in Boston as -a tallow chandler. Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17th, 1706, and -when ten years old his father took him home from school to cut wicks for -the candles! The boy became anxious for the life of a sailor; but the -father, with what now, looking back, we may call happy instinct, -apprenticed Benjamin to his elder brother, James, who, just returned -from a voyage to London, had, in 1717, set up a printing-press in -Boston. - -This change brought Benjamin at once within reach of reading, and as -what is here written relates wholly to books, the following words of -Benjamin Franklin, written to a son of Cotton Mather in his later -years, are worth repeating: “When I was a boy, I met a book entitled -_Essays to do Good_, which I think was written by your father. It had -been so little regarded by its former possessor that several leaves of -it were torn out, but the remainder gave me such a turn of thinking as -to have an influence upon my conduct through life; for I have always set -a greater value on the character of a doer of good than any other kind -of reputation: and if I have been, as you seem to think, a useful -citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that book.” - -In 1724, with aid from Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, -Benjamin Franklin came to England with the object of obtaining and -bringing over a printing-press and all materials for himself; but not -succeeding in this, he stayed two years in London, working at his trade, -and at this time, 1725, he published _A Dissertation on Liberty and -Necessity, Pleasure and Pain_. This publication is not in any old -collection of Franklin’s writings, and even now only one copy seems to -be known. - -In 1730 Benjamin founded the Public Library in Philadelphia. In 1753 he -became Postmaster-General for British America. In 1743 he had originated -the American Philosophical Society, and in 1749 he became the real -founder of the University of Pennsylvania. The year 1752 saw the -verification of his theory identifying lightning with electricity. After -the Declaration of Independence Franklin was, in 1776, appointed -Minister Plenipotentiary to France. In 1785 he became President of the -Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 sat with Washington and -Hamilton in the Federal Convention which framed the Constitution of the -United States. On his death, on April 17th, 1790, Mirabeau announced in -the General Assembly of France: “The genius which had freed America, and -poured a flood of light over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the -Divinity.” - -Nicolas Trübner, in the interesting Introduction to his _Guide to -American Literature_, London, 1859, points out that until 1793 no -American devoted himself exclusively to literature as a profession. In -this year Charles Brockden Brown’s first novel appeared. The title of -this was _Wieland; or, the Transformation_. The author was born in -Philadelphia in 1771. - -The great historian William Hickling Prescott, whose grandfather, -Colonel William Prescott, commanded at Bunker’s Hill, was born at -Salem, in Massachusetts, in 1796. In 1814 he graduated from Harvard with -honours, although in 1811, his first year at Harvard, he had lost the -sight of one eye, and shortly afterwards the other eye was seriously -affected in sympathy with it. This unfortunate accident was caused by a -blow from a crust of bread thrown at random at a college dinner. The -years from 1815 to 1817 he spent in England, “delighting not the less in -the charms of nature because by him they could be seen only” as through -a glass, darkly. He returned, resolved “that the ample page of -knowledge, rich with the spoils of time,” if obscured to his external -organs, should be no stranger to his intellectual vision. - -In 1837 his first great work, _The History of Ferdinand and Isabella_, -was finished. With inborn modesty he did not mean it to be published; -but his father, Judge William Prescott, of course insisted on its -publication, and soon it was published, not only in the author’s own -tongue, but in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, in the respective -languages of those lands. In 1843 appeared _The History of the Conquest -of Mexico_, and in 1847 his _History of the Conquest of Peru_. Next came -the first volumes of the great work which Prescott was never destined -to finish. In 1855 were published the two first volumes of _The History -of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain_, and in December, -1858, appeared the third volume. Early in the year he had been attacked -by a slight stroke of paralysis. Early in the next year this was -followed by a second, and he passed away on January 28th, 1859. In a -conversation only forty-eight hours before his death he spoke of various -friends, and particularly of George Ticknor, whom he described as -“having shortened and brightened what, but for him, must have been many -a sad and weary hour.” Asked if he was not coming to New York, he said: -“No; I suppose that the days of my long journeys are over. I must -content myself, like Horace, with my three houses. You know I go at the -commencement of summer to my cottage by the seaside at Lynn Beach; and -at autumn to my patrimonial acres at Pepperell, which have been in our -family for two hundred years, to sit under the old trees I sat under -when a boy; and then with winter come down to hibernate in this house. -This is the only travelling, I suppose, that I shall do until I go to my -long home.” - -George Ticknor, to whom the dying historian Prescott made such -interesting allusion, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, on August 1st, -1791, and from early childhood displayed a passion for books. He became -a barrister, but could not long keep away from literature and learning. -In 1815 he came to Europe, and haunted some of the best libraries and -universities of the Old World. Actually, before his return home to -America, he was, in 1817, appointed Smith Professor of Modern Languages -and Literature in Harvard College. In 1819 he returned to America, and -for fifteen years held this chair of teaching, delivering all the while -the most valuable courses of lectures. In 1835 he gave up his -professorship in order to go again to Europe and study for preparing his -great book. After three years he came back to his native land, and, in -1849, _The History of Spanish Literature_ was first published in New -York by Harper and Brothers, in London by John Murray. - -Of it Washington Irving wrote to the author: “No one that has not been -in Spain can feel half the merit of your work, but to those who have it -is a perpetual banquet. It is well worth a lifetime to achieve such a -work.” - -Washington Irving, almost the first author noticed as a native of the -city of New York, was born on April 3rd, 1783. His father was a Scot, -and his mother English. Passing over interesting publications like -_Salmagundi; or, The Whim-Whams_, and Diedrich Knickerbocker’s _History -of New York_, we come to _The Sketch Book_, first issued in 1819. -Curiously enough, Washington Irving, as a fact, wrote the MS. for this -in England; but it was at first only printed and published in New York. -Incidentally, Lockhart, in _Blackwood’s Magazine_, February, 1820, paid -a high compliment:-- - -“We are greatly at a loss to comprehend for what reason Mr. Irving has -thought fit to publish his _Sketch Book_ in America earlier than in -Britain; but, at all events, he is doing himself great injustice by not -having an edition printed here of every number after it has appeared in -New York. Nothing has been written for a long time for which it would be -more safe to promise great and eager acceptance.” - -Washington Irving’s fame was now secure, and these few concluding words, -from Allibone, must suffice: “When _Bracebridge Hall_ was ready for the -press, in 1822, Mr. Murray was ready to offer 1,000 guineas for the -copyright without having seen the MS. He obtained the coveted prize at -his offer, and subsequently gave the same author £2,000 for the -chronicle of _The Conquest of Granada_, and 3,000 guineas for the -_History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus_.” - -Very few words here must be written of John Lothrop Motley, born in -Massachusetts in 1814. It is enough to mention his splendid work, _The -History of the Rise of the Dutch Republic_. Now, from what is gone -before, it will readily be granted that America was well prepared, by -the work of her own sons, to take a proud position in Literature, and in -concluding these introductory remarks only one honoured name shall be -mentioned further. - -Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, on February -27th, 1807, and was descended from William Longfellow, who, born in -Hampshire, England, in 1651, emigrated to Massachusetts. The chief -incidents of the life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow are like household -words, and to think of all that is pure and noble in America without -naming him, is impossible. All his writings are instinct with the breath -of a pure and noble life. - - “Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the village - Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense ascending, - Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and contentment. - Thus dwelt together in love those simple Acadian farmers,-- - Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from - Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics. - Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows; - But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of the owners; - There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance.” - -Naturally we turn, at first, to look at books taken to America by early -English and Dutch settlers. They and their near descendants, when using -a bookplate at all, mostly adopted an armorial plate. Copper-plate -engraving was, of course, in vogue then, and most of their _ex libris_ -are from copper-plates. There are a few from wood-blocks. Of -comparatively late plates, some are steel plates; but the copper are -usually the more satisfactory; the steel being so difficult to work. In -comparing a number of the earlier specimens of bookplates in America an -interesting point involuntarily arises. From which of two views is an -_ex libris_ the more interesting? Is it a work of art or a piece of -history? In spite of all that skilled designers and cunning workers in -metals may say, the majority will probably value most what for want of a -better name may be called the historical aspect. When the Tudor, Stuart, -and Guelph Exhibitions were held in London, somewhat unfortunately so -many of the expert critics, in writing of portraits, groups, or -historical scenes, seemed only able to write from a pure art point of -view. As an instance, not connected with any exhibition, I had, but am -afraid that I have lost it, a somewhat seedy-looking oil painting, -perhaps 18 × 12 inches, which depicted an earnest, bent old figure on -horseback returning the salute of a wonder-struck old countryman and his -good dame. Following the keen old horseman is another horse, bearing the -groom with despatch-bag. The scene is, in fact, a contemporary -representation from life of “The Duke” just before passing out of -Birdcage Walk for Apsley House. In the left background is the Wellington -Monument, as many of us remember it, and on the right the Hercules -statue. These accessories fix the date as in the last few years of the -great Duke’s life. - -What thousand-guinea portrait, plastered with elaborate uniform and -robes and saturated with a learned artist’s technical postures and -perfections, could have so perfectly pourtrayed the most interesting -figure ever seen in London half a century ago? Field-Marshal Moltke was -respected throughout Germany as Der Schweiger--the Silent. Wellington, -too, and the late Lord Salisbury as well, did not revel in long-winded -talk. Once, in the Duke’s last years, he had become very unpopular with -the ignorant crowd. Stepping out of the House of Lords into Old Palace -Yard, he was met by the howls and threats of an angry mob. His groom was -there with the aged Duke’s horse for him to ride home as usual. By a -sign, sending away horse and groom, the calm old veteran walked into and -with the mob. Before he and they came to Apsley House, the wild threats -and jeers had become good British cheers. The old man spoke no single -word, but only pointed to his study windows, which had lately been -barred up owing to a mob breaking the glass. - -I bought this painting from Charles Dickens’ friend, old Mrs. Haines, as -it hung in her inner parlour or sanctum. I also bought from the old lady -an old crockery clock-case, depicting the young Pretender and Flora -MacDonald; also a separate figure of Flora MacDonald. The old dame -talked the while of her recollections of uninteresting (!) folk, such as -Lord Byron and Charles Dickens. To hear her talk of her own father, a -Thames waterman, landing Byron at the Tower stairs, carried one in fancy -almost back to Wenceslaus Hollar’s London, with its picturesque -quaintness. Describing Dickens’ appearance when first he came to London, -she spoke of him as having somewhat the look of a groom. Then she -pointed with pride to the plain chair in which Dickens, in later years, -spent many an hour of many a day reading her husband’s library books. - -This house, No. 24, Fetter Lane, has long been pulled down, and the -foregoing remarks are from my memory of my last call there about -nineteen years ago. In an article shortly afterwards (5th January, 1884) -in the _Pall Mall Gazette_--I have just looked it up in one of my -commonplace books--are many curious particulars, and two good -illustrations: “The walls are lined all round with books that have long -been forgotten by the world, all arranged with some attention to -regularity. A little angular counter protects them from the profane -touch of curio-hunters. This is covered with old books, prints, -tarnished silver, glass cases, tattered engravings, and paintings -cracked and stained. In one corner Dame Haines sat down. ‘Here,’ she -said, ‘I have seen Dickens sit many hundreds of times, and here he used -to lean his shoulder on the counter. Ah!’ she went on, making a movement -with her hands, and with ecstasy expressed on every one of her wrinkled -features, ‘I can see him now, with his pleasant face, his quiet, -rippling laugh and his gentle ways.” - -Now, the earlier bookplates hailing from the more northern colonies of -America differ generally from those of southern colonies. Most of the -early northern families were of stern, unimaginative mettle, rather -despising as unholy anything so “worldly” as an _ex libris_, and -bringing few such _gewgaws_ with them in their trunks. On the other -hand, what bookplates they in time adopted were home-made, and if not -fine works of art, they were of essential interest as a bit of history. - -The southern colonies, on the other hand, were frequented by a more -polished and wealthy class, bringing along with them the trappings and -social trinkets of their old society. - -Mr. E. N. Hewins, in his extremely valuable treatise on American -bookplates, gives the book-label of the Rev. John Williams, dated 1679, -as the earliest dated example. This is particularly interesting, as the -said John Williams was a native. He was born at Roxbury, in -Massachusetts, his grandfather having settled there in about the year -1638. - -John Williams graduated at Harvard in 1683, was ordained in 1688, and -became the first pastor of Deerfield, a frontier town. On the night of -February 28th, 1704, Deerfield was attacked by about 300 French and -Indians. A great number of citizens were captured; two of John Williams’ -children and a negro servant were killed; and then he, with his wife and -remaining children, were forced to march for Canada. On the second day -out, his wife, falling exhausted, was at once slain with a tomahawk. -Urged on, they marched 300 miles to their destination. - -After a long while John Williams was ransomed, and came back to his -faithful charge of Deerfield in 1706. One daughter, Eunice, was still -kept a captive, and her after history was very remarkable. She was only -a child of eight when captured; but in time she forgot the English -language, became a Roman Catholic, and married an Indian. She lived to -a great age, and several times visited her relations, but refused to -give up any of the habits or dress of Indian life. - -Another early native-wrought label _ex libris_ is that dated 1704 for -the books of Thomas Prince. He, too, was of an old stock, his -grandfather having emigrated from Hull in 1633. - -Thomas Prince became pastor of the Old South Church in Boston. A fine -scholar and linguist, he made valuable collections, both manuscript and -in print. Some of these stored in the tower of the Old South Church, of -great interest for the early history of America, were unfortunately -destroyed by the British forces in 1775. - -Now we find a bookplate known to have been engraved on copper by a -native engraver. - -Nathaniel Hurd, whose grandfather, emigrating from England, settled in -Charlestown, Massachusetts, was probably the first American who engraved -copper-plates. His best designs had humour and character. One of his -well-known plates represents Hudson, the forger, in the pillory. He -engraved a seal for Harvard University. Hurd was born in 1730, and only -lived to 1777. - -Hewins gives Hurd’s plate of Thomas Dering, 1749, as the first American -plate by an American engraver which is both signed and dated. - -Much interest among bookplate collectors has, of course, centred round -the plate of George Washington, both on account of its being George -Washington’s, and being rare. It is a good armorial Chippendale plate. -Learned inquirers have failed to establish who engraved it, and on which -side of the broad Atlantic! - -The plate of the next worthy to be named is a fine armorial _ex libris_ -with the motto: “nec elatus nec dejectus.” The owner of this plate was -Isaiah Thomas, born in Boston in 1749, and dying at Worcester, also in -Massachusetts, in 1831; he was, at six years old, apprenticed to -Zachariah Fowler, ballad printer. In 1770 Thomas became partner with his -former master. Together they issued the _Massachusetts Spy_, “open to -all parties, but influenced by none.” Thomas was soon left alone in his -undertakings. A few days before the battle of Lexington, in which he -bore his part, he packed up his press and types, and took them by night -to Worcester. There he resumed the issue of the _Spy_, which, at all -events in 1888, was still being regularly issued. In 1786 he got from -Europe the first fount of music ever used in New England. In 1788 he -opened a book store in Boston. In 1791 he issued the Bible in folio. He -gave his own fine collection of books, amounting to 8,000 volumes, to -the Worcester Antiquarian Library. - -Of him William Lincoln wrote; “His reputation will rest on manly -independence, which gave through the initiatory stage and progress of -the Revolution, the strong influence of the press he directed, towards -the cause of freedom, when royal flattery would have seduced, and the -power of government subdued, its action.” - -The wreath and armorial bookplate of John Quincy Adams, sixth President -of the United States, is almost more pleasing to behold than one could -expect to have been chosen by one of the very sternest old Puritans that -ever breathed; but, after all, John Quincy Adams was a scholar and man -of affairs, who from early boyhood had travelled much, and in good -company. All this would give him some ideas of good taste. “J. Q. A.” -seems to lead involuntarily to the thought of another wreath and -armorial bookplate of a not less interesting character. - -The lawyer, Josiah Quincy, was born in 1744, in Boston, and died at sea -in 1775; but much happened in that short spell of years. He was one of -the first to say in plain terms, “that an appeal to arms, followed by a -separation from the mother-country, was inevitable.” Early in 1773, when -already suffering from consumption, he took a voyage under doctor’s -orders; but, returning to Boston, he was present in the Old South -Meeting-house on December 16th, and as the men, disguised as Indians, -rushed past the door on their way to the tea-ships, he exclaimed: “See -the clouds which now rise thick and fast upon our horizon, the thunders -roll and the lightnings play, and to that God who rides on the whirlwind -and directs the storm, I commit my country.” - -The plate, with armorial shield and crest, of Dr. John Jeffries may be -remembered, though no draughtsman or engraver’s name is tied to it, as -the bookplate of the man who, in Boston, in 1789, delivered the first -lecture on anatomy ever given in New England. - -We may turn now from surgeons to a doctor of divinity. The plate of -Samuel Farmar Jarvis, D.D., here reproduced from my copy of Bingley’s -_Voyagers_--in which Jarvis has written: “To my dear Edrica Faulkner a -small token of regard from her affectionate - -[Illustration] - -friend Saml Farmer Jarvis. Siena, Septemb, 24. 1832.”--is described by -Hewins as: “Armorial. Literary. Mottoes ‘Hora e sempre,’ and ‘Sola salus -servire Deo.’ The shield rests against a pile of books, and, above, the -cross and crown are seen in a blaze of glory.” - -S. F. Jarvis, son of the bishop, was born at Middletown, in Connecticut, -in 1786, and from his tastes and scholarship his name is well worthy of -record where books are concerned. In 1826 he sailed for England, and -spent nine years in literary study, exploring many of the great -libraries of Europe. The fruit of these labours may be seen in some -valuable works afterwards published. His fine collection of paintings -and interesting library were sold after his death in 1851. - -Leaving now the armorial plates, and coming to a literary name which is -almost as familiar a sound in London as in New York, we find the -bookplate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, a charming original design--a -nautilus shell, with the motto “per ampliora ad altiora.” - -“If you will look into Roget’s _Bridgewater Treatise_,” said the -autocrat one morning, “you will find a figure of one of these shells and -a section of it. The last will show you the series of enlarging -compartments successively dwelt in by the animal that inhabits the -shell, which is built in a widening spiral.” - - “Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, as the swift seasons roll! - Leave thy low-vaulted past! - Let each new temple nobler than the last, - Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast, - Till thou at length art free, - Leaving thine outgrown shell by life’s unresting sea.” - -A very curious plate is that of Laurence Hutton, the author. The plate -consists mainly of a full-length portrait of William Makepeace -Thackeray, with “Laurence Hutton” inscribed under it! The author of -_Vanity Fair_ stands in an arched doorway, which leads to bookcases and -books. Laurence Hutton was born in the city of New York in 1843. As a -writer he is well known on both sides of the ocean, and for twenty years -he always spent the summer months in England. - -Turning from peace to war, the bookplate of Lieutenant E. Trenchard, of -the United States Navy, represents another side of life. In this plate, -as, happily, in almost all bookplates of American origin, the name is -there clear and unmistakable. Behind the horizontal oval bearing the -name, are flags, cannon, cannon-balls, and an anchor. The owner of this -plate was born in New Jersey in 1784, and on April 30th, 1800, he was -appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy, and became lieutenant -on February 18th, 1807. In the war of 1812 to 1815 he commanded the -_Madison_ in some of her engagements on Lake Ontario, and also rendered -distinguished service at the blockade of Kingston. These were stirring -times, and the following exact quotation from, not improbably, the only -copy in existence of a tiny printed manual, is of real interest. -Following Article II. are many other regulations. Then, _Firelock Manual -of the Sergeants_, and the full name of every member of this patriotic -band. - - - CONSTITUTION. - - Instituted March 7, 1805. Revised February 24, 1807. - - - PREAMBLE. - - At the present crisis, when war is spreading its ravages over the - European world, and states and empires are buried in its ruins, and - whilst all Governments must depend upon their military strength for - their existence, it becomes indispensably necessary to every young - man to make the art of war a study, that he may be ever ready to - turn out in defence of the honour and independence of his country. - - WE the undersigned Non-Commissioned Officers of Infantry of the - third Brigade, first Division, Massachusetts Militia, impressed - with a sense of the above remarks, have associated for the purpose - of meeting and practising the Manual Exercise, and all such Company - Manœuvres as we can unitedly collect, that are necessary for us to - understand; thereby forming a Military School, which we hope will - ever be a source of improvement to its members. We have, therefore, - subscribed to the following articles as our Constitution, and do - most solemnly pledge our honours to abide and be governed by them - in every respect. - - - _Article_ I. - - This Association shall be styled “THE SOUL OF THE SOLDIERY.”[B] - - - _Article_ II. - - No one shall be a member unless he actually holds a Warrant in the - Infantry of the third Brigade, first Division, Massachusetts - Militia. - -A splendid non-armorial and naval plate is the bookplate with the name -“Stephen Cleveland” under the engraving of a fine man-of-war of the old -time in full sail. - -Stephen Cleveland went to sea in 1756, being seized in Boston, and -pressed for a British man-of-war. His father, a clergyman, founded, in -1750, at Halifax, the first Presbyterian church in Canada. On the -Declaration of Independence Stephen Cleveland was given a captain’s -commission, and brought over from Bordeaux valuable munitions of war. -His commission is said to have been the earliest issued by the American -Government. - -Of quite modern plates a good specimen is that of a well-known New York -collector, Mr. Eduard Hale Bierstadt. The style is allegorical; a piping -shepherd, naked, but for a sergeant’s sash! Books and flowers, with the -motto: “nunc mihi mox aliis.” - -A very pleasing, particularly because unpretending, plate is that of -“Melvin H. Hapgood. Hartford, Conn. U.S.A.” It is but little more than a -very finely ornamented label including a very small shield-of-arms. - -“Thomas Bailey Aldrich His Mark” is the inscription on the frame -bordering a rectangular modern bookplate. Inside is a bird over a mask, -and, failing more serious emblems, the idea of the bird as a young rook -is not inappropriate to the familiar expression “his mark.” - -A more pretentious plate, and well illustrated by Mr. Hewins, is that of -the Rev. Dr. Joseph Henry Dubbs, professor in Franklin and Marshall -College. In the middle is a shield-of-arms fastened in front of a -spreading oak tree. The several inscriptions are: “1880 Joseph Henry -Dubbs D:D:--ex recto decus--” and the migrations of the family noted as -follows: “Styria 1446; Helvetia 1531; America 1732.” - -Of modern American library interior _ex libris_ may be mentioned James -Phinney Baxter’s, with an easy-chair, a table, an old clock, and rows of -books. Louis J. Haber’s plate bespeaks ease and comfort. Here, as usual, -are the rows of books, and the old motto: “My silent but faithful -friends are they.” - -Albert C. Bates’s bookplate reproduces an early woodcut of a Leyden -University old library, with its chained books. - -A beautiful plate, mentioned by Mr. Hewins, is the coloured _ex libris_ -of Gerald E. Hart, of Montreal, representing the interior of a cell in -some medieval monastery, with a tonsured monk sitting on his stone -bench, illuminating a manuscript. The Gothic window admits light through -its highly coloured design, and rows of vellum lie beside the desk of -the old monk. - -Leaving library interiors, we note, amongst scores of other good -literary bookplates, that of the Rev. Wm. R. Huntington, Rector of Grace -Church, New York City, a design adapted from a frontispiece by Walter -Crane for the Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, and in which a -curly-locked youth is, with a huge key in hand, opening the door of a -house. Upon the roof are seen two cupids, making pleasant sounds with -lyre and voice. With this plate is the charming motto: “In veritate -victoria.” - -Many pleasing American _ex libris_ are not personal at all. The -bookplate of the Grolier Club is in itself a beautiful object, befitting -a society which, although only founded in New York less than twenty -years ago, occupies such a unique position in literary circles. - -Of a far different style is the allegorical plate inscribed: “This Book -belongs to the Monthly Library in Farmington. Laws. 1. Two pence per day -for retaining a Book more than one Month. 2. One penny for folding down -a Leaf. 3. 3 shillings for lending a book to a Nonproprietor. Other -Damages apprais’d by a Committee. 5. No Person allowed a Book while -indebted for a Fine.” - -The following lines probably refer to the allegorical drawing:-- - - “The youth who Led by Wisdom’s guiding Hand - Seeks Virtue’s Temple, and her Law Reveres: - He, he alone in Honour’s Dome shall stand, - Crown’d with Rewards, and rais’d above his Peers.” - -At the foot of the plate is “M. Bull’s and T. Lee’s sculp.” This said -Martin Bull was an interesting village character. For thirty-nine years -he held the post of clerk of probate, and for eight years was town -treasurer. He also worked as a goldsmith, manufactured saltpetre for the -army, and conducted the church choir! This interesting local library was -founded in 1795, and then was called “The Library in the First Society -in Farmington.” In 1801 it acquired the name engraved over the -bookplate. - - - - -CHAPTER XII - -INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS - - John Collet of Little Gidding--A book that was in the Battle of - Corunna--Henry Howard--Sir Percivall Hart--John Crane and the - Battle of Naseby. - - -In a work treating of bookplates some space devoted to the subject of -inscriptions in books can hardly be out of place. In the view of the -real book-lover--and no others are asked to look at this volume--a book, -until actually destroyed, is a very living reality. As he takes it -carefully into his hands he thinks of the wondrous thoughts and deeds -that may be unfolded between its covers. He also thinks, if it be an old -book, of the host of scenes of other days through which the book has -passed. Bookplates in it of former owners are of interest; but so, too, -in a very striking manner, are any manuscript names and notes of former -owners. - -After these few words, the following few notes will probably speak for -themselves. - -The following curious inscription is at the beginning of a precious -Little Gidding large folio volume in the British Museum. The pressmark -is l 23. e 2:-- - - “Johannes Collet, - Filius - Thomæ Collet, - Pater - Thomæ Gulielmi Johannis, - Omnium superstes, - Natus - Quarto Junii 1633, - Denasciturus, - Quando Deo visum fuerit, - Interim hujus proprietarius. - ---------- - John Collet.” - -The armorial bookplate of Robert Chambers is of interest, as I have it -in a copy of the Bible which has passed through terrible experiences, as -related in _The Times_, 23rd October, 1902, and given more fully -below:-- - - “The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: translated - out of the original tongues, and with the former translations - diligently compared and revised. - - By His Majesty’s Special Command. - Appointed to be read in Churches. - - “Edinburgh, Printed by Sir J. H. Blair and J. Bruce, Printers to - the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1799.” - -It carries the following inscriptions:-- - - “this Bible - is a token of respect to - Wᵐ Chambers - from his Sister Mary - on the 23ᵈ of Septr 1805 - and hopes he will esteem it - and By the Grace of it’s Author - find in it a faithfull - Companion a Wise Counseler - a Comfortable and Sure Guide - through every Dispensation - of Life that it may Please - the Almighty to Place - --him in--” - -“Wᵐ Chambers his Book / Gibralter Octʳ 24ᵗʰ 1806” - -“In case of Death By Accident I trust the Person Whoever this Book may -fall in their hands that will send a Line to the Person mentioned in the -above hand. Intimating the same Octʳ 24 1806 Wᵐ Chambers” - -Then, happily, in another inscription, signed “R. Chambers,” we get the -story completed:-- - - “Wᵐ Chambers of the 42ⁿᵈ - Lost his Life by Accident Feby - 20ᵗʰ 1807 at Gibralter this Bible - fell to the care of his Comrade - Andrew Leach and became - his Companion through many - troubles they landed at Lisbon - Sept 2ᵈ 1808 and from their - they Marched to Salamanca - in Spain from which they - retreated under the greatest - hardships to Coruna - where on the 16ᵗʰ of Jany 1809 - they were preserved in a most - dreadfull Conflict with the - Enemy and on the 27 landed - Safe in England he sent - this object of his Care and - Consolation to me April 10ᵗʰ - 1809 - R Chambers” - -On a fly-leaf at the end of the Bible are the three following separate -inscriptions:-- - - “Col Wild, Malta - Servᵗ Name John Bacchens” - - “William Chambers - Born Anno Domini - Sepᵗ 13ᵗʰ 1782” - ----------- - “Mary Chambers - her Book April 19 1809” - -Robert Chambers has cut the printed name off the foot of his bookplate -and pasted it above, so as not to cover the earlier inscription: “Wᵐ -Chambers his Book, Gibralter Octʳ 24ᵗʰ 1806.” I have just bought this -relic of Corunna--where Sir John Moore ended his glorious life amid the -fires of victory--from Mr. William Harper, a second-hand bookseller of -the true old-fashioned type, a man to whom a book is an object of -reverence. He catalogued the late Edward Solly’s interesting library. -His old chief, Andrew Clark, bought it at the sale, of which I quote the -catalogue title in full, from good Andrew Clark’s own marked copy: -“removed from Gray’s Inn. A catalogue of the valuable Library of 3000 -vols. containing several excellent works on Topography, Theology, Law, -History, and Miscellanies; many of the best editions of the classics, a -very curious collection of old Bibles, In nearly all languages, -illuminated missals, breviaries, and old MSS. in good preservation, And -various works, in nearly all classes of Literature, many being -exceedingly curious and scarce, Which will be sold by Auction by Mr. -Geo. Berry at the auction rooms, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, on -Thursday, June 29th, 1854, and Following Day, at 11 for 12 oclock, each -day, without reserve, By direction of the Executors of the late Robert -Chambers Esq. Barrister at Law. May be viewed the day prior and Morning -of Sale; and Catalogues had at the place of Sale; And of the Auctioneer, -no. 8a, Motcomb Street, Belgrave Square. H. D. Pite, Printer, 37 Cheyne -Walk, Chelsea.” - - “Q. F. F. Q. S. - -Hunc librum pro summo suo in Tyrones apud eum Literas discentes studio, -D Robertus Spence Ludimagister in Schola illustri Edinburgensi Jacobi -Regis Scotorum ejus nominis Sexti, Gulielmo Binning discipulo suo, hoc -anno Syntaxi Latine operam navanti, tanquam latæ a condiscipulis -victoriæ palmarium, & futuræ diligentiæ & industriæ incitamentum, dono -dedit. - - Prid: Id: Ian: - MDCCXXVIII” - -is inscribed at the beginning of a copy of phrases “linguae latinæ, ab -aldo manutio p.f, conscriptæ: ... londini excusum pro Societate -Stationariorum. 1636.” - - “M.DC.VIII - - Illustrissimo Northamtoniæ Comiti Dno Henrico Howarde - regiæ Maiestati a secretis et sanctiaribus consiliis. - Quinque Portuum præfecto vigilantissimo - in noui formosissimi ineuntis Anni - auspitium Perceuillas Harte - LL: MM. DD:” - -This inscription was in a book in splendid English sixteenth-century -binding, which belonged then to the Royal Society, and has the -well-known old bookplate of the Royal Society. Nothing now remains but -one cover and three fly-leaves. - -The Henry Howard of this interesting inscription was born at Shottesham, -in Norfolk, on February 25th, 1539, being the second son of Henry -Howard, Earl of Surrey, and the younger brother of Thomas Howard, fourth -Duke of Norfolk. His father dying when he was but seven years old, he -was left to the care of his aunt, the Duchess of Richmond, and lived at -Reigate, a manor of the Duke of Norfolk’s, under the tutorship of John -Foxe, the martyrologist. On Queen Mary’s accession the Duke of Norfolk, -the grandfather, was released from prison, and he dismissed Foxe. Howard -was now put under the care of a zealous Catholic, John White, Bishop -first of Lincoln and then of Winchester. Soon came another turn of the -wheel--Mary died! Elizabeth turned White out of his bishopric, herself -took charge of Howard’s education and sent him to King’s College, -Cambridge, where he graduated in 1564. - -In 1572 his brother, now Duke of Norfolk, was accused of plotting to -marry Mary Queen of Scots, and Banister, the Duke’s confidential agent, -declared in his confession that Henry was the subject first proposed for -the hand of Mary Queen of Scots. Henry Howard was at once seized, but -proving his innocence to Elizabeth’s satisfaction, he was released, and -a pension assigned to him. To follow him would be to write an elaborate -book; but, in short, his life of seventy-four years was too full of -variety to be peaceful or pleasant. He was constantly suspected of -strong Roman Catholic sympathies, and he was often in close -correspondence with Mary Queen of Scots, although, as regards the -tendency of his influence, he himself at least said that he gave her the -prudent advice to “abate the sails of her royal pride.” - -At all events, much romance must always attach to the name of anyone -who, like Henry Howard, was oft exchanging tokens with Mary Queen of -Scots. In the latter years of Queen Elizabeth he entered into a secret -correspondence with James of Scotland, who wrote to him often on -intimate terms, and who, on hearing of Elizabeth’s death, sent Howard a -ruby as a token. On January 1st, 1604, Howard became Lord Warden of the -Cinque Ports, and soon afterwards Baron Howard of Marnhull, -Dorsetshire, and Earl of Northampton. In the next year he was made a -Knight of the Garter, and in 1608 he was appointed to the office of Lord -Privy Seal. - -Sir Percivall Hart, Chief Server, and Knight Harbinger to Henry VIII., -Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, died in 1580, leaving a son, Sir -Percivall Hart, who married twice, first to Anne, daughter of Sir -Richard Manwood, Knight, Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, by whom -he had a son, William; and his second wife was Jane, daughter of Sir -Edward Stanhope of Grimston, Knight, by whom he had issue Sir Henry -Hart, Knight of the Bath, who died in his father’s lifetime, having -married Elizabeth, daughter of---- Burdet, and a widow of Sir Simon -Norwich, by whom he left Percyval, Francis, George, and Elizabeth, who -died young; Percyval and Jerome, who died without issue; and George, who -married Elizabeth, daughter of---- Berisford, and left two sons, -Percival and George, and two daughters, Jane and Elizabeth. - -William Hart, only son of Sir Percyval by his first wife, succeeded his -father in the possession of Lullingstone, and died on March 31st, 1671, -aged seventy-seven, and was buried there. He married Elizabeth, -daughter of Sir Anthony Weldon, of Swanscombe, Knight, who died in 1677, -and lies buried there, by whom he had no issue, upon which the Manor of -Lullingstone descended to Percyval Hart, Esq., eldest son of Sir Henry -Hart, Knight of the Bath, eldest son of Sir Percyval Hart, Knight, by -his second wife as abovementioned. He was afterwards knighted, and left -issue by Anne, his wife, one son, Percyval Hart, Esq., who was of -Lullingstone, was sheriff in 1707, and Member of Parliament for the -county in the ninth and twelfth years of Queen Anne. He died October -27th, 1738, aged seventy, and was buried in Lullingstone Church, having -by Sarah, his wife, youngest daughter of Henry Dixon of Hilden, Esquire, -an only daughter and heir, Anne, then married to her second husband, Sir -Thomas Dyke of Hexham, in Sussex, Baronet. - -The notes given below, and many more, all evidently in the hand of John -Crane, are in a 1649 copy of _Reliquiæ Sacræ Carolinæ_:-- - -Look back in the Record Office to the time of Naseby fight. There is -written as follows:-- - -1645, June 23ʳᵈ.--Ordered in the Comon’s House this day that the 23 -members here named are added to the committee where Mr. Tate hath the -chaire, and are to meete tomorrowe morning att 7 of ye clocke in ye -Queenes Court, and to appoint persons to transcribe those particulars -(in the several letters and papers taken at Naseby field) that are most -materiall, and to consider what shall be done with the Portugall Agent, -and to examine Mr. Browne & his sonne (if ye House sitt not) when they -are brought up. - -This Mr. Tate has been indexed as Zouch Tate, M.P. for Northampton, -chairman of the committee for regulating the armies. - -Baker’s _Northamptonshire_ relates that John Crane, of Loughton, Bucks, -Clerk of the Household to James the First and Charles the First, was -living in 1651 at the age of seventy-five and lived long after that. He -married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham. They had many -children, including a son John and a daughter Anne; the latter marrying -Francis Arundell of Stoke Park. - -On the blank lower half of the page preceding the _Eikon_, and on the -title of the _Eikon_:-- - -“Some tyme after the King was murtherd by accident I was in ye company -of one of Mr. Tate’s servants (with my wife & several others) whose -master was one of those appoynted to examine the kings letters I asked -him whether he ever saw aney of ye kings writing, he told me that his -master tate committed severall of those letters to his custodie, and -that those letters ye Parlt. put forth in print were written with ye -king’s own hand, I asked him whether they printed all they had, he said -no they burned maney, I asked ye reason, he said because they vindicated -the king from maney things they charged upon him & that if those letters -had bin printed they would have bin very much for the kings advantage & -that they caused to be printed only those they thought would make -against him, and that it was pittie they were burned. This my cosin -Zouch Tats man spake at my sister Arundells at Stoake in ye company of -maney with me John Crane junior. This he had told me before, but I loved -to hear him againe.” - - “Ex libris Joannis Holleri Brixi: - In Domino confido - Quisquis es inuentor nostri - te quæso libelli - Huic reddas cujusque nomen adesse” - -is the contemporary inscription over the bookplate reproduced on another -page:-- - - “Bibliothecæ” - “Novacellensis.” - “T” - -It appears in a copy of D. Radvlphi Ardentis Pictavi, Doctoris Theologi -per antiqui illustriss. Aquitaniæ Ducis Gulielmi huius nominis quarti, -Concionatoris disertiss in Epistolas et Euangelia (et vocant) Sanctorum, -Homiliæ, Ecclesiastis omnibus animarum curam gerentibus plurimum -necessariæ, et ante annos propè quingentos ab Auctore conscriptæ, nunc -primum in lucem editæ. - -Quibus annecti curauimus eisusdem Homilias in Epistolas et Euangelia, -quæ in communi Sanctorum legi consueuerunt. Then the printer’s block of -two birds in fighting attitude between an upright staff separating them, -with the motto: “Resparia crescunt concordia,” and the date 1560. Below -the printer’s block: “Antverpiæ, In ædibus Viduæ & Hæredum Joan. -Stelfii. M.D.LXX. Cum Priuilegio.” - -Nova cella, or Newstifft, a beautiful Bavarian cloister of the -Præmonstratensian Order in the diocese of Freysing, near the junction of -the Moselle and Iser, was, in the year 1141, founded by three brothers: -Otho, Bishop of Freysing; Henry, Margrave of Austria, and Conrad of -Salzburg. They dedicated it to the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. -Alas! in the time of the Thirty Years’ War it was quite destroyed. On -one blank leaf is pasted the bookplate here given, and on another is -written, “Ex libris/T. H. Foster/In Festi Purificationis/ B.V.M. 88/+”. -The book is in its original stamped binding, with clasps. - -Now this short gossip on _ex libris_ must draw to a close. - -In one sense--that of variety--the study of bookplates can be elaborated -in a never-ending course. You can set your mind on collecting, -arranging, and studying the bookplates of lawyers. Again, you can limit -that, and collect only the bookplates of barristers, as distinguished -from solicitors; you can limit your attention to judges; you can confine -it to a century, a country, or even a county; you can strive to put -together all the Chippendale bookplates ever made; you can strive to -collect every portrait-plate, every plate with a ship, every -landscape-plate, every military bookplate, or collect military -bookplates, at the same time excluding every aspirant below a general! -The varieties are endless; it is merely a question of ringing the -changes. Perhaps one of the most sensible divisions, in a small way, is -that of collecting the plates of the various members of certain -families. - -Memorable words were spoken in March, 1891, by John Leighton, F.S.A., -the first chairman of the Ex Libris Society: “The Society should be -select, and in no way connected with profit, other than the pleasure to -be derived in making the past patent to the present and future.” - -The present writer is not a bookplate collector; but an honoured member -of the Council of the Ex Libris Society has kindly lent most of the -numbers of the Society’s Journal, from the date of its foundation. One -or two of several years he had lost, and very many of the numbers had -not, till now, made the acquaintance of a paper-knife. There is, I need -hardly say, much in the Journal of interest, and reflecting highly on -the ingenuity of Mr. W. H. K. Wright, fellow of the Royal Historical -Society. - -In turning over the numbers of the Journal a fond, vain wish seizes one; -and it is this--Oh! that I could strike out the trade journal element, -or relegate it to certain pages, wholly apart from the interesting -historical and antiquarian portions. Alas! how could this be expected, -seeing that leading members of the Society were professionally busied -with bookplates? Perhaps this has all been remedied. - -Then, too, in turning over numbers one cannot help thinking that a -bookplate of simple taste was sadly discouraged. In the first place, a -“fanciful” design was directly recommended; and in the second place, by -constantly urging that each member of the Society must sport at least -one bookplate of his own, and must be ready to exchange. Thus anyone who -has joined the Society, and whose own library may be limited to -_Bradshaw_ and the _Stock Exchange Year Book_, must start an _ex -libris_, not to place in the primary proper place for bookplates, but to -post to Dick, Tom, and Harry, similarly placed. Again, unless he wish to -be ignored, he must make every effort to have as grand and fantastic a -plate as his neighbour. - -A volume has just, on going to press, come into my hands, which, -although printed as late as 1850, is deliciously redolent of old-world -life. The work is the Life of James Davies, a village schoolmaster, -written by Sir Thomas Phillips. London: John W. Parker, West Strand, -1850. On the inner cover, facing the half-title, is a most charming -black silhouette profile portrait of a lady of some ninety years ago, -subscribed “ever your sincere Friend Sarah Jones.” Above is written, “S -Jones born 9ᵗʰ April 1771.” In, of course, another hand, is written at -the foot, “Died July 18ᵗʰ: 1852.” The portrait is of the wife and widow -of the Rev. William Jones, as shown by several marked passages of the -book. Her husband was in pastoral charge, and she his devoted helper, -where James Davies was the earnest and evidently very unpedantic -pedagogue: “It was in the summer of 1815 that James Davies removed from -Usk to the Devauden, and received the charge of rude, ragged, and -boisterous mountain children, whom he long instructed by precept and -example.” - -This biography, the work of Sir Thomas Phillips, a neighbouring squire, -is illustrated with very good engravings, and altogether recalls at -every turn, scenes worthy of good George Herbert and Nicholas Ferrar. - - - - -BIBLIOGRAPHY - - -_Les Ex Libris Français_, by A. Poulet-Malassis. Paris, 1874. - -_A Guide to the Study of Bookplates_, by the Hon. John Byrne Leicester -Warren. J. Pearson, London, 1880. pp. iii. and 238. - -_Revue des Ex Libris Alsaciens_, by A. Stoeber. Mulhouse, 1881. - -_Die Deutschen Bücherzeichen_, by F. Warnecke. Berlin, 1890. pp. 255. - -_Composite Bookplates_, by E. B. Ricketts. London, 1890. - -_Les Ex Libris_, by H. Bouchot. Paris, 1891. pp. 104. - -_Bibliography of Bookplates_, by H. W. Fincham and J. R. Brown. -Plymouth, 1892. pp. 24. - -_Heraldic Bookplates_, by A. M. Hildebrandt. Berlin, 1892. - -_French Bookplates_, by W. Hamilton. London, 1892. pp. 175. Also in -Bell’s _Ex Libris Series_, 1896. pp. 360. - -_English Bookplates_, by Egerton Castle. London, 1893. - -_Rare Bookplates of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries_, by F. -Warnecke. London, 1893. - -_Dated Bookplates_, by W. Hamilton. London, 1894. - -_The Processes for the Production of Bookplates_, by J. Vinycomb. -London, 1894. pp. 96. - -_Illustriertes handbuch de Ex Libris kunde_, by G. A. Seyler. Berlin, -1895. pp. 88. - -_Wardour Press Series of Armorial Plates._ London, 1895, etc. - -_Ex Libris Series_, J. W. G. White. London, 1895, etc. - -_American Bookplates_, by C. D. Allen. London, 1895. - -_Bookplates_, by W. J. Hardy, F.S.A. London, 1897. - -_Artists and Engravers of British and American Bookplates_, by H. W. -Fincham. London, 1897. - -_Bookplates Old and New_, by J. A. Gade. New York, 1898. - -_Bookplates and their Value_, by J. H. Slater. London, 1898. - -_Die Schweizerischen Bibliothekzeichen_, by L. Gerster. Kappelen, 1898. - -_Odd Volumes and their Bookplates_, by W. Hamilton. London, 1899. - - - - -INDEX - - -Adams, J. T., 15 - -Agate, J., 107 - -Ailleboust, C., 8 - -Ailesbury, Marquis, 67 - -Albosius, C., 8 - -Aldrich, T. B., 151 - -Alleine, R., 96 - -Amman, J., 19, 20 - -Antonie, W. L., 94 - -Architecture, Royal Institute of, 116 - -Arundell, F., 165 - - -Bacchus, J., 158 - -Bacon, Sir W., 23 - -Bandinel, B., 109 - -Bartolozzi, F., 5 - -Barwick, G. F., 44, 53, 56, 57, 58, 106 - -Bastille, The, 40 - -Bates, H. C., 153 - -Bateman, T., 89 - -Bateman, W., 89 - -Baumgartner, H., 17 - -Baxter, _Anacreon_, 47, 111 - -Baxter, J. P., 152 - -Beall, W., 107 - -Bardsley, A., 72 - -Beaufort, Duke of, 90 - -Beavan, 65 - -Beckwith, T., 50 - -Beer, F. T., 115 - -Beesly, A. H., 66 - -Beham, H. S., 17 - -Beham, B., 17 - -Bell, T., 93 - -Bell, G., and Sons, 28 - -Benedict, St., 11 - -Bennett, W. J. G., 66 - -Berry, G., 159 - -Berryer, P. A., 42 - -Bewick, 3 - -Bewick, Messrs., 100 - -Bielke, T., 26 - -Bierstadt, E. H., 151 - -Bigot, J., 27 - -Bigot, L. E., 27 - -Binning, W., 160 - -Bliss, P., 109 - -Bouchart, A., 26 - -Boycott, R., 47 - -Boycott, S., 48 - -Bradshaw, T., 118 - -Bradstreet, A., 127 - -Brandenburg, H., 12 - -Bridges, Mary A., 71 - -Briot, J., 28 - -Brook, 105 - -Brown of Waterhaughs, 47, 111 - -Boulais de Nanteuil, A. F. A., 39 - -Bulmer, W., and Co., 99 - -Bull, M., 153 - -Bunsen, Baron, 56 - -Burgkmaier, H., 22 - -Burgoyne, Sir J., 23 - -Burns, R., 66 - -Busse, W. L., 75 - - -Campbell, A., 101 - -Campbell of Shawfield, 101 - -Cardale, G., 114 - -Carlander, Herr, 26 - -Carruthers, W., 59 - -Castle, E., 10 - -Chambers, C., 156 - -Chambers, M., 157 - -Chambers, W., 157 - -Champion, 67 - -Chester, C., 114 - -Chichester Cathedral, 106 - -Cholmondeley, H., Viscount, 45 - -Christoff, T., 53 - -Clark, A., 159 - -Clark, R., 117 - -Cleveland, S., 150 - -Coates, E. F., 45, 46-51, 80, 87, 101, 110, 118, 119 - -Collet, J., 156 - -Collett, R. W. D., 48 - -Collins, D., 42 - -Colquhoun, P., 64 - -Compton, C., 82, 83 - -Conduit, J., 90 - -Constable, J., 86 - -Constable, W., 86 - -Convers, P. A., 38 - -Coster, D. de, 33 - -Coster, P. de, 33 - -Corunna, 159 - -Crane, J., 164 - -Crane, W., 152 - -Cranach, L., 20, 21 - -Custance, O., 72 - -Custos, R., 33 - - -Dale, T. A., 114 - -Davies, J., 170 - -Deedes, Prebendary, 93, 106 - -Denholme, J. S., 51 - -Dering, T., 144 - -Dickens, C., 124 - -Dubbs, J. H., 151 - -Dudley, A., 127 - -Dürer, A., 14, 15, 16, 131 - - -Edwards, J., 128 - -_Eikon Basilike_, 165 - -Eliot, J., 126 - -Elizabeth, Queen, 24 - -Eschentach, H. E. von, 16 - -Eustace, J., 71 - -Ex Libris Society, 169 - - -Farquhar, W., 65 - -Farrington, 153 - -Faulkner, E., 146 - -Feilden, H. St. C, 65 - -Fenwick, 117 - -Fischart, J., 20 - -Fiott, J., 94-97 - -Forbes, C., 87 - -Fothergill, 115 - -Foster, T. H., 168 - -Franklin, B., 129 - -Frederick, Sir J., Bart., 58 - -Fraser of Ledeclune, 97 - - -Gardner, F., 23 - -Goldie, C., 69 - -Gordon, C., 98 - -Gordon of Buthlaw, 76 - -Georges, R., 172 - -Grey, T. P., Earl de, 57 - -Griggs, 27 - -Grolier Club, 153 - -Gualther, L., 26 - -Guildford, Earl of, 78 - -Gumey, H., 102 - -Guthry, H., 77 - -Gutman, O. G. von, 28 - - -Haines, M., 20, 138 - -Hamerton, W., 117 - -Hamilton, H., 27 - -Hamilton, W., 38, 41 - -Hampson (Family), 50 - -Hapgood, M. H., 151 - -Hauer, H., 30 - -Hardy, W. J., 9 - -Harper, W., 159 - -Hart, G. E., 152 - -Hart, Sir P., 163 - -Hart, W., 163 - -Harvey, T. E., 69 - -Hastings (Family), 103 - -Hearn, E. N., 141 - -Heathcote, G. P., 119 - -Holbein, H., 21, 22 - -Holgate, W., 113 - -Holler, J., 166 - -Holmes, O. W., 147 - -Howard, H., 60 - -Holzschuher, V., 19 - -Huet, P. D., 35 - -Huntington, W. R., 152 - -Hurd, N., 143 - -Hutt, L., 148 - - -Igler, H., 13 - -Imhof, A., 18 - -Irving, W., 134 - - -Jarvis, S. F., 146 - -Jeffries, J., 146 - -Joher, C. G., 56 - -Jones, W., 171 - -Jourdan, Marshal, 40 - -Jund, L. M., 18 - -Jungen, J. H. zum, 25 - - -Knight, J., 113 - -Knox, B. W., 66 - -Kolrirger, A., 14 - -Kraus, J. O., 54 - -Krep von Krepenstein, 33 - -Krüger, D., 34 - - -Langhorne, J. B., 111 - -Langton, T., 94 - -Leach, A., 158 - -Lebegue, L., 73 - -Lee, T., 153 - -Lee, Sir W., 94 - -Leighton, J., 168 - -Leiningen-Westerburg, Count, 7, 12 - -Lemond, W., 46 - -Lerchenfeld-Prennberg, von, 35 - -Lethbridge, Sir W., 68 - -Lilburn, C., 49 - -Littleton, Edward, Lord, 31, 32, 33 - -Lizars, D., 47 - -Loch, J., 46 - -Lomax, R. T., 70 - -Longfellow, H. W., 136 - -Longmate, B., 62 - -Lubbock, Sir J. W., 58 - - -Macdonald, Flora, 140 - -Macintosh, C. C., 87 - -Mackenzie, J. W., 49 - -Mahon, Lord, 22 - -Maitland, T., 48 - -Malden, P. de, 41 - -Manwood, Sir R., 163 - -Margetson, E. J., 70 - -Margetson, W. H., 70 - -Maridat, P., 39 - -Marshall, F. A., 65 - -Marshall, W., 31, 33 - -Martin, C., 41 - -Martin, W., 99 - -Mayne, R. D., 113 - -Ménage, G., 36 - -Mercator, N., 45 - -Methold, T. T., 119 - -Monnier, L., 38 - -Montrose, Marquis, 49 - -More, Sir T., 22 - -Moore, Sir J., 159 - -Moore, S., 84 - -Morrell, W., 122 - -Morton, E., 72 - -Mors sola resolvit, 50 - -Motley, J. L., 136 - -Muntzinger, R., 13 - - -Napier, Sir W., 22 - -Naseby, 164 - -Neele, S. J., 92 - -New, E. H., 72 - -Newcome, Rev. T., 105 - -Newstift, 167 - -Nicol, J., 99 - -North, F., 78 - -Northampton, Earl of, 160 - -Novacella, 16 - -Northampton, Marquis of, 82, 83 - -Nuremberg, 14 - - -Ochs, J. S., 54 - -Opel, P., 26 - -Ormerod, G., 88 - -Ouseley, Sir G., 116 - - -Palmer, 85 - -Parker, J. W., 170 - -Pearce, E., 85 - -Peel, Sir R., 112 - -Percival, S., 77 - -Petan, A., 28 - -Pfinzing, M., 17 - -Phillips, Sir T., 170 - -Phipps, E., 114 - -Pirckheimer, 15 - -Pitt, W., 47 - -Plummer, T. W., 68 - -Plumptre, R., 110 - -Poison for the Scotch, 110 - -Pomer, S. H., 15, 171 - -Pott, H. K., 118 - -Prescott, W. H., 131 - -Prince, T., 143 - -Procter, R., 18 - - -Quincy, J., 145 - - -Raine, R., 93 - -Raleigh, Sir W., 121 - -Raynard, T., 34 - -Rebello, W. A., 46 - -Reyger, A. von, 30 - -Reynolds, Sir J., 4 - -Rhodes, J., 119 - -Riston, 42 - -Roberts, C., 119 - -Robinson, H. C., 112 - -Roper, Margaret, 22 - -Rosenberg, 54 - -Royal Society, 161 - -Rupert, Prince, 4 - -Ryland, W., 5 - - -Sadeler, E., 31 - -Sadeler, J., 31 - -Sadeler, R., 30 - -Sandy, G., 121 - -Sarrau, C., 28 - -Sarrau, I., 28 - -Sattler, J., 74, 75 - -Sharp, W., 62 - -Sibmaker, J., 29 - -Sieger, E., 4 - -Simpson, J. W., 71 - -Smith, J., 121 - -Solis, V., 18 - -Solly, E., 159 - -Sophia, Princess, 109 - -Soul of Soldiery, 149, 150 - -Spence, R., 160 - -Spengler, L., 115 - -Spiring, L., 34 - -Stansfeld, J., 46 - -Stab, J., 15 - -Stewart, Sir J. D., 116 - -Stewart, Sir J. S., 112 - -Stretton, S., 111 - -Stretton, W., 111 - -Suffolk, Earl of, 108 - -Surtees, R., 92 - -Sussex, Duke of, 98 - - -Tate, Z., 165 - -Tatham, F. D. F., 59 - -Tatham, T. J., 59, 112 - -Thackeray, W. M., 148 - -Thomas, J., 44 - -Thomas, M., 85 - -Thomas, T. J. F., 56 - -Thompson, N. E., 71 - -Throckmorton, F., 24 - -Throckmorton, Sir R., 24, 51 - -Ticknor, G., 133 - -Tite Donation, 116 - -Trenchard, E., 148 - -Tresham, Sir T., 24 - -Trotter, E., 64 - -Troschet, H., 30 - -Trübner, N., 131 - -Tschert, J., 15 - -Twopeny, W., 109 - - -Vaughan, F., 50 - -Vaisey, J. S., 66 - -Voigt, P., 74. 75 - -Volckamer, G. C., 34 - - -Walpole, S., 78 - -Wappenbüchlein, 29 - -Warnecke, Herr, 6, 33 - -Warren, J., 112 - -Washington, G., 142 - -Waterlow, E. E., 11 - -Watson, J., 63 - -Watson, J. B., 64 - -Wray, C. D., 115 - -Weale, W. H. J., 11 - -Wellington, Duke of, 138 - -Wenzel, C., 39 - -West, J. W., 71 - -Weyer, W. C., 71 - -Wheatley, H. B., 90 - -Wiesenhutten, B., 53 - -Wilberforce, S., 80 - -Wilberforce, W., 80 - -Wild, Colonel, 158 - -Williams, J., 142 - -Williams, R., 122 - -Willmer, W., 27 - -Winchester Cathedral, 105 - -Winthrop, J., 125 - -Wittenberg University, 21 - -Wohlgemuth, M., 13, 14 - -Wolphins, 13 - -Wolsey, Cardinal, 17 - -Wood, M., 107, 123 - -Wood, W., 123 - -Woodroffe, P., 70 - -Wrest Park, 57 - -Wright, W. H. K., 169 - -Wuss, F. S., 55 - -Wynfield, 113 - - -Zahn, B. G., 55 - -Zell, W. von, 12 - -Zeyll, J. B., 26 - - PLYMOUTH - WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON - PRINTERS - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[A] Where not otherwise specified, the book or bookplate is in my own -library.--E. A. - -[B] The name given to the non-commissioned officers of the Continental -Army by Baron Stuben. - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Bookplates, by Edward Almack - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOOKPLATES *** - -***** This file should be named 60858-0.txt or 60858-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/8/5/60858/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Bookplates - -Author: Edward Almack - -Release Date: December 6, 2019 [EBook #60858] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOOKPLATES *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/cover_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="[Image of -the book's cover unavailable.]" /></a> -</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="border: 2px black solid;margin:1em auto 2em auto;max-width:50%; -padding:1%;"> -<tr class="c"><td><span class="smcap"> -<a href="#CONTENTS">Contents.</a><br /> -<a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">Bibliography</a><br /> -<a href="#INDEX">Index</a><br /> -<a href="#LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS">List of Illustrations</a><br /></span> <span class="nonvis">(In certain versions of this etext [in certain browsers] -clicking on the image will bring up a larger version.)</span> -<br />(etext transcriber's note)</td></tr> -</table> - -<p class="c">L I T T L E -B O O K S -O N A R T<br /><br /> -GENERAL EDITOR: CYRIL DAVENPORT<br /><br /><br /> -B O O K P L A T E S</p> - -<p class="c">LITTLE BOOKS ON ART<br /><br /> -<i>Demy 16mo. 2s. 6d. net.</i></p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">SUBJECTS</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">MINIATURES. <span class="smcap">Alice Corkran</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">BOOKPLATES. <span class="smcap">Edward Almack</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">GREEK ART. <span class="smcap">H. B. Walters</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">ROMAN ART. <span class="smcap">H. B. Walters</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE ARTS OF JAPAN. <span class="smcap">Mrs. C. M. Salwey</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">JEWELLERY. <span class="smcap">C. Davenport</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">CHRIST IN ART. <span class="smcap">Mrs. H. Jenner</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">OUR LADY IN ART. <span class="smcap">Mrs. H. Jenner</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">CHRISTIAN SYMBOLISM. <span class="smcap">H. Jenner</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">ILLUMINATED MSS. <span class="smcap">J. W. Bradley</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">ENAMELS. <span class="smcap">Mrs. Nelson Dawson</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">FURNITURE. <span class="smcap">Egan Mew</span></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">ARTISTS</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">ROMNEY. <span class="smcap">George Paston</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">DÜRER. <span class="smcap">L. Jessie Allen</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">REYNOLDS. <span class="smcap">J. Sime</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">WATTS. <span class="smcap">Miss R. E. D. Sketchley</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">HOPPNER. <span class="smcap">H. P. K. Skipton</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">TURNER. <span class="smcap">Frances Tyrrell-Gill</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">HOGARTH. <span class="smcap">Egan Mew</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">BURNE-JONES. <span class="smcap">Fortunée De Lisle</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">LEIGHTON. <span class="smcap">Alice Corkran</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">REMBRANDT. <span class="smcap">Mrs. E. A. Sharp</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">VELASQUEZ. <span class="smcap">Wilfrid Wilberforce and A. R. Gilbert</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">VANDYCK. <span class="smcap">Miss M. G. Smallwood</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">DAVID COX. <span class="smcap">Arthur Tomson</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">HOLBEIN. <span class="smcap">Beatrice Fortescue</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">COROT. <span class="smcap">Ethel Birnstingl and Mrs. A. Pollard</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">MILLET. <span class="smcap">Netta Peacock</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">CLAUDE. <span class="smcap">E. Dillon</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">GREUZE AND BOUCHER. <span class="smcap">Eliza F. Pollard</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">RAPHAEL. <span class="smcap">A. R. Dryhurst</span></td></tr> -</table> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_ii" id="page_ii">{ii}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_i" id="page_i">{i}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iii" id="page_iii">{iii}</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a name="fig_001"></a> -<a href="images/i_f004_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_f004_sml.jpg" width="375" height="609" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>(<i>see page <a href="#page_11">11</a></i>)</p></div> -</div> - -<h1>BOOKPLATES</h1> - -<p class="c">BY<br /> -EDWARD ALMACK, F.S.A.<br /> -<br /><br /> -WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS<br /> -<br /><br /> -METHUEN & CO.<br /> -36 ESSEX STREET W.C.<br /> -LONDON<br /> -1904<br /></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iv" id="page_iv">{iv}</a></span> </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_v" id="page_v">{v}</a></span> </p> - -<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I</a><br />INTRODUCTORY</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">General remarks—Various modes of engraving—Styles in bookplates </td> -<td class="rt" valign="bottom"><i>page</i> <a href="#page_1">1</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II</a><br />BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Very early plates—Albrecht Dürer—Other German artists—Early English</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_11">11</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III</a><br />BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Lucas Cranach—Charles V.—Hans Holbein—Early French and English bookplates—Sir Nicholas Bacon—Queen Elizabeth—Bookplates that are not armorial—Bookplates in Switzerland, Sweden, and Italy</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_20">20</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV</a><br />BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">The seventeenth century begins—German plates—William Marshall—Lord Littleton—Huet, Bishop of Avranches</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_30">30</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V</a><br />BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Some French and some German plates—The cap of liberty—Buonaparte—Alsace and Lorraine</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_38">38</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI</a><br />BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Viscount Cholmondeley—James Loch of Drylaw—William Pitt of -Binfield</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_44">44</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII</a><br />SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT PURPOSE</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick—Wrest Park plates—Sir John Lubbock</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_53">53</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII</a><br />CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">William Sharp the engraver—The Rev. John Watson—Edward Trotter—Patrick Colquhoun</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_62">62</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX</a><br />MODERN BOOKPLATES</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">Remarks on examples given in <i>The Studio</i>, special winter number, 1898-9</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_69">69</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X</a><br />VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">The proper place for a bookplate is in a book—Gordon of Buthlaw—Spencer Perceval—William Wilberforce—A bookplate for a special purpose—George Ormerod—Robert Surtees—Cathedral plates</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_76">76</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top"> -<a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI</a><br />BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA</th> -<td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_121">121</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th valign="top" colspan="2" class="c"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII</a><br />INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS</th></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">John Collet of Little Gidding—A book that was in the Battle of Corunna—Henry Howard—Sir Percivall Hart—John Crane and the Battle of Naseby</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_155">155</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">BIBLIOGRAPHY</td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_172">172</a></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td valign="top" class="tdhang">INDEX: -<a href="#A">A</a>, -<a href="#B">B</a>, -<a href="#C">C</a>, -<a href="#D">D</a>, -<a href="#E">E</a>, -<a href="#F">F</a>, -<a href="#G">G</a>, -<a href="#H">H</a>, -<a href="#I">I</a>, -<a href="#J">J</a>, -<a href="#K">K</a>, -<a href="#L">L</a>, -<a href="#M">M</a>, -<a href="#N">N</a>, -<a href="#O">O</a>, -<a href="#P">P</a>, -<a href="#Q">Q</a>, -<a href="#R">R</a>, -<a href="#S">S</a>, -<a href="#T">T</a>, -<a href="#V">V</a>, -<a href="#W">W</a>, -<a href="#Z">Z</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_175">175</a></td></tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_vii" id="page_vii">{vii}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary=""> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_001">SAINT BENEDICT</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#fig_001"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td></tr> - -<tr><td> </td><td class="rt"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_002">NOVACELLA</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_16">16</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_003">MARIDAT, P.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_38">38</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_004">MALDEN, PAUL DE</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_40">40</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_005">MERCATOR, NICHOLAS</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_44">44</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_006">PEPPER, PRESCOTT</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_46">46</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_007">VAUGHAN, FRA.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_48">48</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_008">THROCKMORTON, SIR ROBERT</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_50">50</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_009">MORS, SOLA RESOLVIT</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_51">51</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_010">BECKWITH, THOMAS</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_52">52</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_011">BUNSEN, C. C.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_56">56</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_012">EARL DE GREY</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_57">57</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_013">LUBBOCK, SIR J. W.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_58">58</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_014">CARRUTHERS, WILLIAM</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_60">60</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_015">SHARP, WILLIAM</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_62">62</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_016">WATSON, THE REV. JOHN</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_63">63</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_017">TROTTER, EDWARD</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_64">64</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_018">GORDON OF BUTHLAW</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_76">76</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_019">PERCEVAL, THE HONBLE. SPENCER</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_77">77</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_020">EARL OF GUILDFORD</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_78">78</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_viii" id="page_viii">{viii}</a></span> -<a href="#fig_021">WILBERFORCE, WILLIAM</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_80">80</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_022">CONSTABLE, THE REV. JOHN</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_86">86</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_023">BATEMAN, WILLIAM</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_88">88</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_024">DUKE OF BEAUFORT</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_90">90</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_025">CONDUITT, JOHN</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_91">91</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_026">WHEATLEY, HENRY B.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_92">92</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_027">RAINE, JAMES</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_93">93</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_028">FIOTT, JOHN</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_96">96</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_029">DUKE OF SUSSEX</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_98">98</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_030">CAMPBELL, THE HONBLE. ARCHIBALD</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_100">100</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_031">CAMPBELL OF SHAWFIELD</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_102">102</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_032">GURNEY, HUDSON</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_104">104</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_033">CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_105">105</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_034">NEWCOME, THE REV. T.</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_106">106</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_035">WOOD, THE REV. MANLEY</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_107">107</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_036">PRINCESS SOPHIA</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_109">109</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_037">BANDINEL, BULKELEY</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_109">109</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_038">BLISS, PHILIP</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_110">110</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_039">DENHOLM, SIR JAMES STEWART</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_112">112</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_040">OUSELEY, SIR GORE</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_116">116</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_041">HEATHCOTE, GEORGE PARKER</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_118">118</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td valign="top"><a href="#fig_042">JARVIS, SAMUEL FARMAR</a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_146">146</a></td></tr> - -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_1" id="page_1">{1}</a></span></p> - -<h1>BOOKPLATES</h1> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I<br /><br /> -<small>INTRODUCTORY</small></h2> - -<p class="c"> remarks—Various modes of engraving—Styles in bookplates.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">O</span>F course some people have exaggerated the importance of bookplates, and -on the other hand some have affected to ignore them. Now the simple fact -is that bookplates belong to books, and anything that has to do with -books will assuredly charm cultivated minds until time shall be no more. -If this essential point were oftener remembered, the exaggerations of -both sides would be avoided.</p> - -<p>In Germany, a country where bookplates very early found a home, the word -<i>bibliothekzeichen</i>, or library label, is used. Germans also use the -name <i>ex libris</i>, and in France the Latin expression <i>ex libris</i> is the -only term in use. Naturally the owner’s name in the genitive case is -always<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_2" id="page_2">{2}</a></span> understood. In France manuscript inscriptions of ownership are -very fittingly included as <i>ex libris</i>.</p> - -<p>It is too late to change now; but, at all events, whether included or -not under any special word, manuscript inscriptions in books by their -owners will always be a very interesting study.</p> - -<p>What, as explained above, are in France included under <i>ex libris</i>, were -known long before the days of printing, as personal inscriptions with or -without the delineation of armorial bearings are often to be found -forming part of the text of books in manuscript. In fact the various -relationships of wealthy patron, learned scribe, and skilled -illuminator, gave much scope for these.</p> - -<p>To come to what may be said to be known everywhere as <i>ex libris</i>, is to -treat of those wonderful days when the earliest printed books were still -a novelty. Directly several people or institutions each had copies of a -certain printed book, each copy being a duplicate of the other, a wish -arose to distinguish ownership.</p> - -<p>Before treating further of bookplates, it will be well to clearly point -out the different kinds of blocks or plates. The woodcut block, known<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_3" id="page_3">{3}</a></span> -in some manner to the Chinese 400 years before, was first cut in Europe -early in the fifteenth century. The St. Christopher engraved in Germany -in 1423, is probably the earliest. The piece of wood to be engraved was -cut longwise with the grain, as a plank is cut to-day. A thin piece of -some soft wood, such as pear, apple, or lime, was chosen, the design -drawn upon it, and then with a knife the engraver cut away to a certain -depth everything except the drawn design.</p> - -<p>In modern times—about 1785—a revolution took place in wood engraving, -when Bewick began to engrave on a piece of wood cut endwise, and with a -graver instead of a knife. Bewick chose some very hard wood, usually -box. This manner has been continued to this day; and sometimes to -distinguish the old art from the new, as the one is so different from -the other, the former is called a woodcut and the latter wood-engraving.</p> - -<p>Next as to etchings. To produce an etching a copper plate is covered -with wax, then with an etching-needle the design is drawn through the -wax to the copper. Acid is then applied, which, of course, only eats out -the copper where the design has been etched.</p> - -<p>Now as to copper-plate line engravings. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_4" id="page_4">{4}</a></span> engraver first traces on -the plate the outline of his design, and then with the -triangular-pointed graver he furrows out the lines, inclining his graver -deeper or shallower according as he wishes to produce varying effects. -Copper-plate engraving has been practised ever since early in the -fifteenth century. About 1820 engraving on steel came into vogue. More -impressions can be taken from a steel than from a copper plate; but -steel is more difficult to engrave upon. By a new process, however, a -copper plate can now be strengthened with a steel film.</p> - -<p>Mezzotint engraving is an art by itself, and of great interest to -English readers, because of the many charming mezzotint engravings after -England’s great portrait-painter, Sir Joshua Reynolds; and also by -reason of Prince Rupert, the brave cavalier’s, close connection with the -art. He has often been said to have invented mezzotint; but the first -credit for this is now given to another gallant soldier, Ludwig von -Siegen, who engraved a plate in 1642, and kept his discovery a profound -secret until, in 1654, he found himself in Brussels with Prince Rupert. -The two kindred spirits meeting, the secret was soon unfolded. Rupert -became as eager in another field as if he were leading a cavalry charge, -and in four years<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_5" id="page_5">{5}</a></span>’ time appeared his splendid mezzotint engraving, The -Executioner of John the Baptist. As the object of this book is not to -give a serious treatise on elaborate methods of engraving, it will best -express mezzotint to state that it is in general terms produced by the -opposite process from a line engraving, A very smooth copper-plate -surface is, as it were, engraved all over. Then the design is wrought on -this by a scraping process.</p> - -<p>A kind of stipple or dotted engraving was known early in the sixteenth -century; but what is really famous as stipple and dotted engraving, only -came into vogue in the eighteenth century. The copper plate was first -covered with wax, and a dotted outline of the subject pricked through -the wax with an etching-needle. Then the shadows were filled in, and -finally acid used, as with an etching, Francesco Bartolozzi’s is -probably the name best known in this connection, though in masterly -ability, William Ryland, who was hanged for forgery, far surpassed him.</p> - -<p>In aquatint engraving, the plate to be engraved is covered with a -solution made of resin and spirits of wine; this process produces a -surface more or less open to the action of acids when applied. In the -hands of a skilful<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_6" id="page_6">{6}</a></span> manipulator, a fine engraving results from this -“more or less” condition.</p> - -<p>Here, in beginning to record the succeeding styles of <i>ex libris</i>, let -us refer to the varieties which have prevailed at different times -amongst Deutschland bookplates. In the first place careful note must be -made regarding six coloured drawings of the fourteenth century which -Herr Warnecke includes as bookplates, in his splendid work—<i>Die -Deutschen Bücherzeichen</i>. Now if once it be admitted that something -inscribed in a book as in fact a necessary integral part of that book, -is a bookplate, then it becomes impracticable to draw a distinguishing -line.</p> - -<p>Next, if like the old preachers, we divided the description into three -headings, firstly, secondly, and thirdly, we should on this subject -record: firstly, German <i>ex libris</i> are armorial; secondly, they are -armorial; thirdly, they are armorial. Especially in the earlier plates, -the crest is always in its proper place over a helmet, and the helmet -over the shield of arms. It would be well if with just an artistic frame -to enclose the whole the bookplate stopped there; but alas, there is -only too often besides a multitude of fantastic accessories, which give -a confusing instead of a pleasing impression.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_7" id="page_7">{7}</a></span> Coming down towards the -seventeenth century, you are sometimes favoured (?) with a fantastic -maze of the quarterings and emblems of the owner’s relatives to the -fortieth generation.</p> - -<p>Predominant in the seventeenth century is what is known as the Baroque -style, with designs of endless curves and contortions, drawn in a very -heavy manner.</p> - -<p>Some of the plates which are most pleasing, are those where the arms are -surrounded by light wreaths of leaves and flowers.</p> - -<p>Reaching the eighteenth century, the Rococo or Shell style, begun in -France, becomes common in German bookplates. Late in the century there -are, too, some curious and pleasing allegorical plates.</p> - -<p>Of early nineteenth-century German <i>ex libris</i>, perhaps the less said -the better; but a few are good and all help in making history, so that -it is interesting to know that the famous author and collector, Karl -Emich Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg, had between seven hundred and eight -hundred specimens.</p> - -<p>Since then, with the union of Germany, has come, as all the world knows, -an artistic and literary development in <i>ex libris</i>, as well as in other -branches of art. All this, and a million other points about German -bookplates, are<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_8" id="page_8">{8}</a></span> admirably told in the late Karl Emich Count zu -Leiningen-Westerburg’s book, translated into English for the <i>ex libris</i> -series.</p> - -<p>In the styles of French bookplates, the more or less simple armorial is -most often met in the earlier examples, although one of the best -known—that of Charles Ailleboust, Bishop of Autun, had nothing armorial -about it.</p> - -<p>Heraldry, of course, took an early and masterful hold of the French -aristocracy, although even in France, in quite early years, it was found -necessary to fix fearful fines and penalties for people assuming -insignia to which they had no lawful claim.</p> - -<p>Up to about 1650, the almost rectangular shield prevailed in French -bookplates; but soon after this, oval shields predominate, and not -seldom capped by coronets to which the owners had no title. There is -often at the base of the shield a solid plinth, usually bearing the -chief inscription.</p> - -<p>Then in the latter half of the eighteenth century comes the Rococo or -Shell style of bookplate. At the same time, too, there are of course -Field-Marshals’ <i>ex libris</i>, defended by guns, and Lord High Admirals’ -bookplates reclining amongst anchors.</p> - -<p>In 1790 the French Assembly passed a decree<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_9" id="page_9">{9}</a></span> annulling the titles of -duke, count, marquis, viscount, baron, and chevalier; also doing away -with all armorial bearings.</p> - -<p>In regard to the styles of English bookplates we cannot do better than, -for the most part, to refer to the learning of Mr. W. J. Hardy—a man -steeped to the finger-tips in ancient lore.</p> - -<p>Up to about 1720, “Simple Armorial” is the best brief record. The shield -is surmounted by a helmet, on which are the wreath and crest. From the -helmet is outspread mantling, more or less voluminous. In earlier -examples this terminates generally in tassels, before reaching the base -of the shield. In later examples its heavy folds descend quite to the -base, and often ascend from the helmet to the level of the top of the -crest. Below is a scroll for the motto, and below that, the owner’s -name. Next we come to what is known as the Jacobean style, but to which -the much more fitting name of “Queen Anne and early Georgian” should be -given. The style includes mainly an ornamental frame, suggestive of -carved work, resting as often as not upon some kind of conventional -support; the ornamentation of both frame and support being of the -interior architectural order, making frequent<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_10" id="page_10">{10}</a></span> use of fish scales and -trellis or diaper patterns for the decoration of plain surface.</p> - -<p>Next we find the Rococo style introduced from across the Channel, and -this before long time, merging into the well-known Chippendale style, so -closely associated with English bookplates. After this, in English -bookplates comes the festoon, or wreath-and-ribbon style, in which -certainly many charming <i>ex libris</i> were engraved. As Mr. Egerton Castle -points out, one of the surest ways of knowing this later Georgian style -is by the spade shape of the shields, and altogether a manner which -calls up memories of designers and architects such as Sir W. Chambers, -Adams, Wedgwood, or Sheraton.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_11" id="page_11">{11}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Very early plates—Albert Dürer—Other German artists—Early English.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">T</span>HE bookplate here given as a frontispiece, may be the oldest in the -world. At all events, it remains to this day a fifteenth-century -bookplate in a fifteenth-century book. The work is a Latin treatise on -logic, in a German hand. Mr. W. H. J. Weale has very kindly looked at -the book, and writes: “The binding is German, I think Bavarian; but -although the same stamps, or rather, to be accurate, some of them, occur -on several bookbindings I have copied, I have never been able to locate -them. The S. Benedict with the book, and glass with the serpent issuing -from it, is evidently German; the arms have nothing to do with the -Saint, or the order, nor are they the arms of an abbey, but no doubt -those of a layman to whom the book belonged.”<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p> - -<p>Now to come to the real or almost personal<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_12" id="page_12">{12}</a></span> story of engraved bookplates -or <i>ex libris</i>, as we may call them indifferently. First we will talk of -the oldest, and then gradually come down to our own time. Germany was -the fatherland of bookplates, and it is of great interest to remember -that it was, too, the fatherland of printing and of wood-engraving.</p> - -<p>The earliest known engraved bookplate is that of Hildebrand Brandenburg, -a monk of the Carthusian Monastery at Buxheim, near Memmingen, to which -he was evidently in the habit of presenting books. The woodcut shows an -angel holding a shield on which are displayed the arms of the -Brandenburg family, a black ox with a ring passed through its nose.</p> - -<p>The late Karl Emich Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg, the great authority -on German <i>ex libris</i>, suggests that either Biberach or Ulm was the -birthplace of this bookplate, and in or about the year 1470, which is a -year before Albert Dürer was born.</p> - -<p>Another bookplate, also armorial, of about the same date, and found in a -book given to this same monastery at Buxheim, is that of Wilhelm von -Zell. Lastly, there has as yet been found one other which is grouped -with these two, as of about the same date. It represents a hedgehog with -a flower in its mouth,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_13" id="page_13">{13}</a></span> on grass strewn with flowers. It was engraved -for Hans Igler. Igel means a hedgehog, and at the head of the <i>ex -libris</i> is cut the inscription: “Hanns Igler das dich ein Igel Küs.”</p> - -<p>After this there may be mentioned the following six plates before we -turn over the leaf of a new century. The inscribed armorial <i>ex libris</i> -of Thomas Wolphius, Pontificii Juris Doctor, and that of Rupprecht -<i>Muntzinger</i>, a block of South German origin, and ascribed by some to -the hand of M. Wohlgemuth. Two anonymous plates, both armorial, and in -saying anonymous it must not be supposed that the owner was not well -known in his day, and probably long afterwards. One represents the head -of a bull caboshed, with a sickle issuing from it. The other, the -fleur-de-lis, is on a shield, and for crest, the half figure of a man -with a battle-axe. Then two bookplates, the body of which has been -engraved and space left for one or another person to use them.</p> - -<p>Passing now into the sixteenth century, and still keeping to chronology -as our main guide, we can turn at once to Albrecht Dürer as a designer -of <i>ex libris</i>, and we now move on to safer ground, as we begin to find -dates, and then soon names or monograms of engravers.</p> - -<p>Albrecht Dürer, the second son of Albrecht<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_14" id="page_14">{14}</a></span> Dürer, goldsmith, was born -in the good city of Nuremberg on the 21st May, 1471.</p> - -<p>Like Benvenuto Cellini, born some thirty years later, young Albrecht -Dürer’s first experience of handiwork was in the goldsmith’s craft; but -with a difference, as Benvenuto Cellini learned the goldsmith’s art -against his father’s will. On St. Andrew’s Day, 1486, young Albrecht had -the joy of inducing his father to apprentice him for three years to -Michel Wohlgemut. This step, important in the young artist’s life, is -especially important in our consideration, as, with the aid of Anton -Koburger, the princely printer, who was Albrecht Dürer’s godfather, -Michel Wohlgemut founded the great Nuremberg school of wood-engraving. -From 1490 to 1494 Dürer was on his travels, and spent some while in -Venice, where he was again in 1505 to 1507. On the 14th July, 1494, -after his home-coming from his first wanderings, he was married to -Agnes, the daughter of Hans Frey. For the rest, this is not the place -for a history of his works. His noble life was closed on the 6th of -April, 1528, and thus before he had reached the age at which many -artists have done their best work; but what vast treasures he had -wrought within those fifty-seven years!<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_15" id="page_15">{15}</a></span></p> - -<p>The following five <i>ex libris</i> have been, on good authority, distinctly -ascribed to Albrecht Dürer’s art: two varieties of a woodcut made for -Willibald Pirckheimer, of Nuremberg, one with and one without the -well-known motto “Sibi et Amicis.” This is a fine armorial plate with -helmet, and arms of himself and his wife. One of three <i>ex libris</i> used -by Johann Stab, a learned mathematician and poet, a friend of Albrecht -Dürer. This is an armorial plate, and is distinguished by having a -laurel wreath; but no inscription. In the Albertina Museum at Vienna is -Dürer’s original drawing in violet ink for the armorial woodcut -bookplate of his friend Lazarus Spengler, Recorder of Nuremberg. The -armorial woodcut <i>ex libris</i> of Johann Tscherte, exhibiting a satyr and -dogs. Tschert, in Bohemian, means a satyr or devil.</p> - -<p>Besides the foregoing, there exist several sketches by Dürer which can -hardly have been intended for anything but bookplates; and also, before -passing from Dürer, the large bookplate for Dr. Hector Pömer, the last -Prior of the Abbey of St. Laurence in Nuremberg, must be mentioned. In -itself a beautiful work of art, it bears a date, 1525, and the -wood-engraver’s initials, “R. A.” The drawing is worthy of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_16" id="page_16">{16}</a></span> hand of -Dürer himself, and “R. A.” probably cut the block in Dürer’s studio, -from the great master’s own design. On the chief shield are the arms of -the monastery, the gridiron of St. Laurence quartering the arms of -Pomer. By the shield, stands St. Laurence holding in one hand a -gridiron, and in the other the martyr’s palm. The motto: “To the pure -all things are pure,” is given, as was Dürer’s wont, in Hebrew, Greek, -and Latin. At the bottom of all is the owner’s name, “D. Hector Pomer -Praepos S. Lavr.”</p> - -<p>Before quite leaving Dürer, the earliest dated German bookplate should -be named, as some think that he had a hand in it, especially as it was -for a friend of his, Hieronymus Ebner von Eschenbach, born in Nuremberg -on the 5th of January, 1477, educated at Ingolstadt, and afterwards in -the household of the Emperor Maximilian, he became a learned lawyer and -judge. He was a friend and ally of Martin Luther, and engaged in a -cultivated correspondence with many of the leaders of that age.</p> - -<p>Following the start given by Albrecht Dürer, Nuremberg continued to be -the home of bookplate engraving; but very soon copper-plate engraving -took the place of woodcuts.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_002"></a> -<a href="images/i_p016a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p016a_sml.jpg" width="330" height="188" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_17" id="page_17">{17}</a></span></p> - -<p>Two of the best engravers were two brothers, Hans Sebald Beham, born in -1500, and Barthel Beham, born in 1502. Both were skilful engravers, and -both were expelled their native city as heretics. The elder engraved the -plate for one of Dr. Hector Pomer’s smaller <i>ex libris</i>, and the younger -brother engraved the two varieties of bookplates for Luther’s friend, -Hieronymous Baumgartner. He also engraved a plate for Melchior Pfinzing, -provost of a church in Mainz.</p> - -<p>Here we will turn aside from Germany for a moment just to refer to an -undoubted English bookplate of this early period. It remains to this day -in a book known to have belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, and afterwards to -Henry VIII. This, though not an engraving, is none the less a bookplate. -Mr. W. J. Hardy, our best authority on English <i>ex libris</i>, has -described it: A carefully drawn sketch of the cardinal’s arms, with -supporters, and surmounted by a cardinal’s hat, the whole coloured by -hand.</p> - -<p>Thus the very earliest English <i>ex libris</i> of which we know was used by -the more than princely Thomas Wolsey, and at some time between 1514 and -his death in 1530, in which interval he was the arbiter of empires, -some<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_18" id="page_18">{18}</a></span>times journeying attended by a personal retinue of two hundred -gentlemen in crimson velvet, and then, later, what a contrast—“He was -without beds, sheets, table-cloths, cups and dishes!”</p> - -<p>Matthias Jundt, born at Nuremberg in 1498, and died in 1586, engraved a -good number of <i>ex libris</i>. He produced several for members of the -Nuremberg family of Pfinzing, and in one of them, that of Seyfried -Pfinzing von Henfenfeld, there is used one of those fanciful conceits so -common of old; the motto “Saluti Patriæ Vixisse Honestat” is used to -show the owner’s initials. Virgil Solis, born at Nuremberg in 1514, -engraved both on copper and on wood, working mostly from his own -designs. The engravings known to be by him number eight hundred. He -engraved an <i>ex libris</i> block for Gundlach of Nuremberg in 1555. It -represents Pomona, with the arms of Gundlach and Fürleger, in a -beautiful landscape. In the same year he engraved an armorial and -landscape plate for Andreas Imhof, another Nuremberger. This is our -first mention of landscape bookplates, but it will be by no means the -last. The last of this set of engravers whom we will mention was not a -native of Nuremberg, but came there from<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_19" id="page_19">{19}</a></span> Zurich, at the age of -twenty-one, in 1560, and died there in 1591. His best work was in -woodcuts. The curious in calligraphy will find that he signed his -initials in twelve different forms. His name was Jost Amman.</p> - -<p>In <i>German Bookplates</i>, translated for George Bell and Sons’ <i>ex libris</i> -series, nearly twenty bookplates engraved by Jost Amman are enumerated, -and good reproductions are given of several. There is the usual armorial -shield, but a large amount of richly decorative renaissance engraving -outside it. In the plate engraved for Veit August Holzschuher, the owner -has evidently signed his name in a space at the foot of the block left -for it. His arms fittingly display a pair of wooden shoes to fit his -name. One cannot help wishing that more of these early private <i>ex -libris</i> had such a space, bearing the ancient owner’s autograph.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_20" id="page_20">{20}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</small></h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>Lucas Cranach—Charles V.—Hans Holbein—Early French and English -bookplates—Sir Nicholas Bacon—Queen Elizabeth—Bookplates that -are not armorial—Bookplates in Switzerland, Sweden, and Italy.</p></div> - -<p>In the <i>ex libris</i> which Jost Amman made for “Johann Fischart genannt -Mentzer” the initial letters J.F.G.M. are the initial letters, too, of -the owner’s motto: “Jove fovente gignitur Minerva.”</p> - -<p>Leaving now the Nuremberg school, we come to Lucas Cranach the elder. He -is just one of those figures of old time of whom one would like to know -much more. His chivalrous attachment to Frederick the Magnanimous, the -last of three Electors of Saxony, all of whom he served, points to noble -traits of character. He shared all the sufferings of Frederick the -Magnanimous in the five years that he was in the hands of Charles V., -although himself an old man, went with him to Weimar on his release in -1552, and died there in his eighty<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_21" id="page_21">{21}</a></span>—first year, on the 16th October, -1553. His paintings and engravings are without number, the latter mostly -woodcuts. One special interest of his work is that he was fond of -introducing homely portraits of his friends, and portraits always give -great interest to <i>ex libris</i>.</p> - -<p>Among the <i>ex libris</i> from the hand of Lucas Cranach the elder are the -woodcuts, in four different sizes, engraved for the Library of -Wittenberg University, and each bearing the portrait of Frederick the -Magnanimous.</p> - -<p>At the foot of each is the inscription—</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Et patris, et patrui, famam, virtutibus, æquat.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Sui patris et patrui, nobile nomen habet.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Adserit, invicto divinum pectore verbum,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Et Musas omni dexteritate juvat.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Hinc etiam ad promptos studiorum contulit usus,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Inspicis hoc præsens quod modo Lector opus.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>Hans Holbein has been credited with the designs for two woodcuts <i>ex -libris</i>.</p> - -<p>With the great amount and variety of work done by Holbein it would be -most natural that he should have designed some <i>ex libris</i>. We of to-day -can only deal with what has survived. For instance, scores of precious -works printed three hundred years ago have wholly passed out of -knowledge.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_22" id="page_22">{22}</a></span></p> - -<p>What a charming bookplate Hans Holbein would have invented—who knows -that he did not?—say, for his noble martyr friend Sir Thomas -More—perhaps depicting sweet Margaret Roper reading to her father, -adding at foot of the plate some quaint motto from Erasmus! Hans Holbein -lived scarcely forty-six years.</p> - -<p>Next we will mention Hans Burgkmaier, born, too, at Augsburg in 1473, -and a son of Hans Holbein the elder’s father-in-law. Several <i>ex libris</i> -have been assigned to his hand; but with no certainty. The Emperor -Maximilian I. was his patron, and Albrecht Dürer his friend.</p> - -<p>Now we reach about the time of what, until lately, was accounted the -earliest French bookplate with a date. This bears the brief but -comprehensive inscription: “Ex bibliotheca Caroli Albosii. E. Eduensis. -Ex labore quies.” The earliest known dated English <i>ex libris</i> is also -of 1574; but we always, in courtesy, put our friends before ourselves, -and remember Napier’s splendid remark on hearing that Lord Mahon had -contemptuously spoken of Napier’s History as the best “French” history -of the war: “I always thought that to be generous to a noble foe was -truly English, until my Lord Mahon informed me it was wholly French.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_23" id="page_23">{23}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>Sir Nicholas Bacon’s bookplate bears his arms with helmet surmounted by -crest; the crest being, of course, the only crest that could belong to -Bacon. The Germans very properly never dreamt that a crest ought to -appear anywhere but on a helmet. We have not been so correct. This -recalls the blank amazement of a German on beholding a British officer -in plain clothes. I remember thirty years ago, in Germany, my friend -FitzRoy Gardner happening to show a photograph of Field-Marshal Sir John -Burgoyne in plain clothes. The exclamation came at once, “He cannot be -an officer, he is not in uniform.” This was, of course, the chivalrous -old warrior who, in his yacht, brought the lovely Empress of the French -safely to our shores.</p> - -<p>This very interesting and early English bookplate has at the foot Sir -Nicholas Bacon’s motto: “Mediocria Firma,” and we need not go here in -full into the point of its date, which is fairly established. It is with -an inscription in books given in 1574 by Sir Nicholas Bacon to Cambridge -University. Sir Nicholas, perhaps best known for being the father of -Francis, was the close friend of Cecil, Lord Burleigh, and Matthew -Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, fellow-ministers with<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_24" id="page_24">{24}</a></span> him of Queen -Elizabeth. Queen Bess often made herself his guest, and after her visit -of six days in 1577, her host had the door by which she had passed under -his roof nailed up, so that no one, after her, might cross the same -threshold. Oh for the picturesque days of old! Lord Beaconsfield alone, -in our day, might have thought of such a graceful act.</p> - -<p>The second dated engraved English bookplate known at present is that of -Sir Thomas Tresham, knighted by Queen Bess in 1575. The plate is -armorial, with a huge array of quarterings; helmet surmounted by crest -in proper style. Inscription: “Fecit mihi magna qui potens est. 1585. -Jun. 29.”, and below the arms: “S Tho: Tresame Knight.”</p> - -<p>Sir Thomas married Muriel, daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton, and -their son was Francis, “a wylde and unstayed man,” who first engaged in, -and then revealed, the Gunpowder Plot. The father’s dying, in 1605, was -probably the cause of the son’s not going forward in the plot, as he -inherited property which would steady his aspirations. Sir Thomas left -interesting memories of himself in fine buildings; and particularly in -his own county of Northampton, the market-house at Rothwell, and the -triangular lodge at Rushton.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_25" id="page_25">{25}</a></span></p> - -<p>A characteristic German plate of about 1570 is that of Johann Hector zum -Jungen, with his name thus engraved in full under his arms, and the -Latin motto: “Memorare nouissima tua,” at the top of the plate. In the -earliest <i>ex libris</i> we did not find the owners’ names engraved.</p> - -<p>So far almost everything has been purely armorial, and now we will turn -to something different. This is a 1588 German plate; certainly it bears -a small shield of arms, but most of the plate is occupied with the -following engraved inscription: “Reverendus et Nobilis Dominus -Wolfgangus Andreas Rem à Ketz, Cathedralis Ecclesia August: Sum: -Præpositus, librum hunc unà cum mille et tribus aliis, variisque -instrumentis Mathematicis, Bibliothecæ Monasterii S. Crucis Augustæ, ad -perpetuum Conventualium usum. Anno Christi M.D.LXXXVIII. Testamento -legauit.”</p> - -<p>We have noticed 1574 as the date of the earliest English dated -bookplate, the next dated is not until 1585, and in France the gap is -still wider; 1574 is the earliest dated French plate, and the next that -has been found is dated 1611.</p> - -<p>In Sweden, too, many years passed after the 1595 example without a dated -successor. In Switzerland, also, where the earliest dated <i>ex libris</i> -was in 1607, a long interval followed, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_26" id="page_26">{26}</a></span> which we do not find dated -Swiss <i>ex libris</i>. In Italy we do not find any dated <i>ex libris</i> before -1623.</p> - -<p>This 1611 plate is that of Alexandre Bouchart, Viscount de Blosseville. -This was found in a folio copy of the works of Ptolemy printed at -Amsterdam in 1605, in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. The -graver-work and probably the design, too, was done by Leonard Gaultier, -who also executed an engraved portrait of Alexandre Bouchart. Leonard -Gaultier was born at Mayence in about 1561, and died in Paris in 1641, -having engraved above eight hundred plates.</p> - -<p>Herr Carlander, the chief authority for Swedish bookplates, finds 1596 -the earliest date, and this on the plate of Senator Thure Bielke, of -whom we do not know much more than that to his own cost he took the -wrong side in politics, was beheaded in 1600, and had therefore no -further use for his dated <i>ex libris</i>.</p> - -<p>A German <i>ex libris</i> of near this date is interesting, as, like a good -many others, it is to be found in three sizes. This is the <i>ex libris</i> -of Johann Baptist Zeyll, designed by P. Opel, and cut on wood by C. L. -in 1593.</p> - -<p>Of course now in the days of photography it is easy to have your -bookplate in several<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_27" id="page_27">{27}</a></span> sizes; but it was far otherwise in these old -times.</p> - -<p>Next must be named a plate engraved in 1613 for placing in the books -presented by William Willmer, a Northamptonshire gentleman, to his -college library in Cambridge. Mr. Griggs reproduced it among his -eighty-three armorial examples. It is inscribed “Sydney Sussex Colledge -Ex dono Wilhelmi Willmer de Sywell in Com. Northamtoniæ, Armigeri, -quondam pentionarii in ista Domi. Vizin Anno Domini 1599 seddedit in Anº -Dñi 1613.”</p> - -<p>In France, as likewise in England, there are hardly any dated bookplates -at this period. Mr. Walter Hamilton, in writing of French <i>ex libris</i> -before 1650, refers to three in different sizes, all engraved for Jean -Bigot, Sieur de Sommesnil; and somewhat later, another set differing -from the former, and with the owner’s name engraved as Johannes Bigot. -After that we read of three bookplates engraved for the son, L. E. -Bigot. In this connection the late Mr. Walter Hamilton is drawn on to -give particulars of a family of ardent book collectors, thus -incidentally illustrating very happily how the possession of one dirty -scrap of paper—an old <i>ex libris</i>—may lead on from one fascinating -inquiry to another.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_28" id="page_28">{28}</a></span></p> - -<p>A fine characteristic German ecclesiastical <i>ex libris</i> of 1624 is the -plate given—page 330, George Bell and Sons—of Otto Gereon von Gutmann, -Doctor of Theology, Electoral Councillor, and Suffragan Bishop of -Cologne.</p> - -<p>A very fine armorial plate, of which we do not know the designer, the -engraver, nor the date, is that of Alexandre Petau. His father, Paul -Petau, Conseiller au Parlement de Paris, died in 1613, bequeathing to -his son a fine library of manuscripts and printed books.</p> - -<p>A bookplate in two sizes, engraved for Claude Sarrau, Councillor to the -Parliament of Paris. He died in 1651, and his son Isaac, in 1654, edited -his father’s correspondence with the learned of his time. The larger -Sarrau plate, and probably the smaller as well, were engraved by Isaac -Briot, who was born in 1585, and died in Paris in 1670.</p> - -<p>Reaching the seventeenth century, we find German <i>ex libris</i> multiplying -greatly, but not improving in design.</p> - -<p>Armorial bookplates still predominate, but the shield is often in one -way or another surrounded by wreaths of leaves and flowers. It can -hardly be insisted on too clearly that there is nothing mysterious, -though much that is interesting, about the varying modes and man<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_29" id="page_29">{29}</a></span>ners of -<i>ex libris</i>. They, in fact, represented the art, customs, learning, and -taste of successive ages.</p> - -<p>Thus turn to Johann Sibmacher’s Wappenbüchlein, published in 1596, and -you will find plenty of illustrations of these wreaths, though with no -reference to bookplates.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_30" id="page_30">{30}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</small></h2> - -<p class="c">The seventeenth century begins—German plates—William Marshall—Lord -Littleton—Huet, Bishop of Avranches.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">I</span>N 1604 Egidius Sadeler of Munich engraved for Arnold von Reyger a plate -which is both signed and dated. At the top of the plate is the Latin -motto “Ad Deum Refugium,” and in another part of the plate are the -letters “Z. G. M. Z.,” standing for “Zu Gott meine Zuflucht,” the German -version of the Latin motto.</p> - -<p>In 1619 Hans Hauer designed and Hans Troschel engraved a characteristic -and very elaborate <i>ex libris</i> for Johann Wilhelm Krep von Krepenstein, -of Nuremberg. Both designer and engraver were natives of Nuremberg, the -former born in 1582, and the latter about six years later.</p> - -<p>In about the year 1623 Raphael Sadeler engraved a bookplate in three -sizes for the Electoral Library of the Dukes of Bavaria at Munich. He -also engraved a plate for the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_31" id="page_31">{31}</a></span> Elector Palatine’s libraries in -Heidelberg and in Rome.</p> - -<p>Raphael Sadeler and his elder brother Jan, and their nephew Gillis or -Egidius Sadeler, were all skilful with the graver. Raphael was born at -Brussels in 1555, and with his elder brother travelled through Germany, -producing many engravings, and afterwards settling at Venice. Egidius, -the nephew, was born at Antwerp in 1575; taught by his uncles Jan and -Raphael, he lived to far surpass his teachers. After spending some time -in Italy, he was invited to Prague by the Emperor Rudolph II. He died at -Prague in 1629.</p> - -<p>In 1640, or a little earlier, William Marshall engraved a bookplate for -Edward, Lord Littleton, born in 1589 at Munston, in Shropshire, his -father being Sir Edward Littleton, Chief Justice of North Wales, and his -mother being a daughter of Edmund Walter, Chief Justice of South Wales. -From Christ Church, Oxford, Littleton, in 1608, entered the Inner -Temple. On his father’s death, in 1621, he became Chief Justice of North -Wales. In 1625 he became member of Parliament for Leominster. He became -counsel to the University of Oxford, Reader to the Inner Temple, and -Recorder of London. In 1634 he was made Solicitor-<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_32" id="page_32">{32}</a></span>General. In the -meantime his great learning and high character made him much respected, -and the City Aldermen sent him a courteous gift of two hogsheads of -claret and a pipe of canary. Next, he became Chief Justice of the Common -Pleas, and soon Lord Chancellor. In February, 1641, he was created Lord -Littleton of Munston. Happily for him he died young, as in those stormy -times he was too just a man to be a good party politician. It is -interesting to note that on May 21st, 1644, he was commissioned to raise -a regiment of foot soldiers, consisting of gentlemen of the Inns of -Court and Chancery and others, himself becoming colonel. The great Lord -Clarendon wrote of Littleton as a “handsome and proper man of a very -graceful presence, and notorious for courage, which in his youth he had -manifested with his sword.”</p> - -<p>Above all, Littleton was incorruptible, winning, and keeping the respect -of such opposite men as Clarendon and Bulstrode Whitelocke. Here we get -a glimpse of his library, as it is recorded that when the Commons seized -his books Whitelocke interceded and got the books given into his own -care, so that, as he expressed it, “when God gave them a happy -accommodation” he might restore them to<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_33" id="page_33">{33}</a></span> rightful hands. The arms on the -bookplate are the arms of Lyttelton of Frankley.</p> - -<p>Littleton’s first wife was a daughter of John Lyttelton (spelt as you -please) of Frankley, Worcestershire. Littleton died at Oxford on August -27th, 1645, and is buried in Christ Church Cathedral.</p> - -<p>Not the least interesting point about this Littleton plate is that it -was engraved by William Marshall, a name or initials found on such a -great number of portraits and other book illustrations of this period. -Not very much is known about him. The dates of his works range from 1591 -to 1649.</p> - -<p>A characteristic German plate, dated 1645, is, by the good authority of -Warnecke, the work of the engraver Raphael Custos of Augsburg, eldest -son of Dominicus de Coster, painter and engraver, and grandson of Pieter -De Coster or Balten, poet and painter. This plate, engraved for Wilhelm -and Clara Krep von Krepenstein, embraces the coats-of-arms of the small -number of thirty-one ancestors.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“curæ numen habet justu move 4° eneid.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">inde cruce hinc trutina armatus regique deoque<br /></span> -<span class="i1">milito disco meis hæc duo nempe libris<br /></span> -<span class="i1">ex libris Petri Maridat in magno Regis<br /></span> -<span class="i1">consilio Senatoris”<br /></span> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_34" id="page_34">{34}</a></span></div></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">are the inscriptions on the plate here illustrated of Theophilus Raynaud -or Raynald, born in Piedmont, and died at the age of eighty in Lyons on -October 31st, 1663. He was a learned Jesuit, and a most untiring student -all his life, but, unlike most inveterate readers, he was bitter and -morose of temper. Perhaps this was caused by his reading excesses, as it -is told that he thought fifteen minutes almost too much to give to any -meal. His portrait is in his: “tractatus depileo, cœterisque capitis -tegminibus tam sacris quam profanis. D. D. Petro de Maridat, in magno -Regis Christianissimi Consilio Senatori dicatus.” Under the portrait is -the shield-of-arms, as on the bookplate, and above it the motto: -“Dextera Domini fecit virtutem.” Below is: “Non potuit cœlum Capiti par -addere, tegmen, Hoc Cœli effigiem perficientis erit.” The engraving is -signed “L Spirinx fecit.” Nagler gives Ludwig Spirinx as an engraver -born at Lyons or Dijon, and working in Brussels from about 1640 to 1660.</p> - -<p>Coming once more to Nuremberg, there is the 1674 plate engraved by D. -Krüger for Colonel Georg Christof Volckamer. There is no inscription on -the plate, which shows a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_35" id="page_35">{35}</a></span> cherub sitting on a hill and holding a -shield-of-arms. The colonel was not content to choose between helmet and -coronet; he has elected to have both.</p> - -<p>One of the many plates of which the engraver is not known is that of -Franz Ludwig Anton Freiherr von Lerchenfeld-Prennberg. The shield is -borne on two flags crossing one another. At the foot of the plate is -engraved “Ex Libris, Francisci Ludovici,” etc., giving all the owner’s -titles. He was Chamberlain of the Munich High Court of Appeal.</p> - -<p>A well-known plate is that of Pierre Daniel Huet, Bishop of Avranches, -and probably the best-remembered holder of that ancient See, and tenant -of the famous Bishop’s Palace. He was Bishop of Avranches from 1689 to -1699, but, born at Caen in 1630, he was already, in 1650, a renowned -savant, and twelve years later founded the Academy of Sciences at Caen. -He did not become a priest until he was forty-six years old; but all his -life he was an enormous reader, and gifted with a wondrous memory. Of -course he wrote books as well as reading the lore of others.</p> - -<p>At Avranches visitors, calling for advice from their bishop, were told -“He cannot see you,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_36" id="page_36">{36}</a></span> he is studying”; and in vain they claimed that they -wanted to see a diocesan who had finished his studies.</p> - -<p>The plate was engraved in four sizes for the Jesuits’ College in Paris, -to which he gave his library in 1692. As he spent the latter years of -his long life with the Paris Jesuits he was not long separated from his -books, and lived ninety-two years, so that none might say that in him -much study had produced a weariness of the flesh.</p> - -<p>In 1692 another library, left this time by will, and accordingly, too, -another <i>ex libris</i>, came to the Jesuits of Paris, and from a friend of -Huet, Gilles Ménage. Like Huet, his appetite for study was vast and his -memory unfailing. Born at Angers in 1613, he died in Paris in 1692. Thus -he spent some eighty years among the shrewd litterateurs of that day, -and the following conversation need not be taken as a sign of want of -veracity on his part. Angers seems, like Crete of old, to have had a -lying reputation. He, asking a lady to define untruthfulness, received -for reply, that as for defining lying she did not quite know, but liar -she would define as “Monsieur Ménage!”</p> - -<p>It will be seen how little it had yet become the custom for bibliophiles -to have bookplates.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_37" id="page_37">{37}</a></span> Neither Huet nor Ménage used <i>ex libris</i> for -themselves, and to this day no bookplate of Molière, or Racine, or La -Fontaine, or of many other leaders of that age has been found.</p> - -<p>After about 1650 a change is seen in the styles of French <i>ex libris</i>. -Helmets go out of use, and, for lack of better ideas, coronets are -assumed, often by those who had not the faintest right to them. The -square shield, in time, gives place to the oval form.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_38" id="page_38">{38}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Some French and some German plates—The cap of -liberty—Buonaparte—Alsace and Lorraine.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">A</span>S a date is always a signal advantage, the bookplate “Petri Antonii -Convers Laudonensis. L Monnier Divione. 1762” may be mentioned. It is, -of course, topped by the irrepressible coronet. Louis Gabriel Monnier -was born at Besançon in 1733, and died at Dijon in 1804. The Convers -plate is wholly Rococo; but taking from Walter Hamilton another French -<i>ex libris</i> engraved but nine years later, we see that with some artists -the heavy brigade is already on duty. Here we have a big gun, an -armorial shield flanked by three flags on each side, but without any -graceful design. Still the inevitable coronet, and below all, the -inscription: “Le Chᵉʳ. Dé Bellehache officier de Cavalerie au Regᵗ -D’artois / 1771.” Here, after all, there is no possibility of mistaking -for whom this plate was engraved,</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_003"></a> -<a href="images/i_p038a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p038a_sml.jpg" width="302" height="352" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_39" id="page_39">{39}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">and thus, though not beautiful, it quite fulfils its duty.</p> - -<p>Sixteen years later we have a plate which also has these essential -points, but is in the shell-work mode, light and elegant. Round the -upper part is a label inscribed: “Ex libris Ant. Franc Alex Boula de -Nanteuil,” and at the base: “Libellorum suplicum Magister. à mandatis -Regiæ &ᶜ &ᶜ—et in supremà Galliarum curià senator ad horrorem. 1777.” -The shield is azure, three bezants.</p> - -<p>Here is an instance of an <i>ex libris</i> not inserted, but impressed, -seemingly a copper-plate engraving. The design is simple; but quite -serves its purpose. It is an oval frame surmounted by a ribbon tied in a -bow, and in the oval the words “Ex Bibliotheca Ecclesia Aug. Conf. -Posson.” The book is a copy of Prodromus idiomatis ... adparatus -criticus ad linguam Hungaricam ... auctore Georgio Kalmar ... Posonii, -... 1770. The copy bears also another ownership inscription—in other -words, another <i>ex libris</i>: “Obtulit / Frider. Frank. / Posen. / 1789. -/”</p> - -<p>A curious plate here illustrated is that of Peter Mairdat.</p> - -<p>Of about 1780 is the copper-plate of Klemens Wenzel, Duke of Saxony, -Prince of Bland,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_40" id="page_40">{40}</a></span> Elector-Archbishop of Trier, and Bishop of Augsburg. -The plate represents the arms of Augsburg, of Trier, of Saxony, and also -of Poland.</p> - -<p>This is not the place to write the story of the first great French -Revolution; but it is to the point of our subject in hand to note that -on June 20th, 1790, a decree was proposed and passed in the French -Assembly suppressing the titles of duke, count, marquis, viscount, -baron, and chevalier, and at the same time all armorial bearings were -done away with. Now followed a bad time for bookplate artists and -engravers. The cap of liberty and the bloody guillotine do not breathe -high artistic inspiration.</p> - -<p>The plate of Marshal Jourdan consists chiefly of a shield wholly -occupied with the simple inscription “Bibliothèque du Maréchal Jourdan.”</p> - -<p>Coming to the days of the first Empire, Buonaparte, the despot, ruled -armorial insignia with the same iron hand as he regulated anything else. -His orders and restrictions were numberless, and in particular he -introduced the various forms of a headdress denominated <i>une toque</i>. -Cities under Buonaparte’s sway bore certain badges according to whether -he ranked them as cities of the first, second, or third order.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_004"></a> -<a href="images/i_p040a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p040a_sml.jpg" width="320" height="340" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_41" id="page_41">{41}</a></span></p> - -<p>Those of the first order had the honour of bearing the Napoleon -badge—three golden bees on a chief gules.</p> - -<p>The bookplate of the Bastille is well illustrated in <i>French Bookplates</i> -(Walter Hamilton), but must not be quite passed over here. It represents -a shield on a bracket, bearing the fleur-de-lis. The shield is ensigned -with a crown and enclosed by the collars of the orders of S. Michel and -the Sainte Esprit. Above all is the name “chateau royal de la bastille.”</p> - -<p>In July of 1789 the Bastille was destroyed by the Paris mob.</p> - -<p>I give a reproduction of the characteristic French “Ex libris du Comte -Paul de Malden de la Bastille.”</p> - -<p>In the <i>ex libris</i> of Claude Martin, cannon, cannon-balls and flags, -tents and scaling-ladders, are to the fore; whilst on a rock in the -middle there is a lion rampant, holding up a sword in one fore paw and -an ensign in the other. Since the Belgians disfigured the field of -Waterloo with a huge mound to celebrate the tiny devotion of their race, -a lion on a hill does not stand for much! At the head of this plate is -the motto “Labore et constantia,” and at the foot “Ex libris Claudii -Martin.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_42" id="page_42">{42}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>In 1814 Napoleon Buonaparte abdicated, and in the same year Louis -XVIII., the younger brother of Louis XVI., became king. In 1824 Louis -XVIII. died, and his younger brother, Charles X., came to the throne, -which he held until 1830, when he was deposed, and his cousin Louis -Philippe sat on this unstable throne. In 1848 he in turn abdicated, and -a Republic was proclaimed, with Louis Napoleon as President. During -these foregone thirty years the old nobility, after a manner, recovered -their ancient titles, and many new nobility were created; but it cannot -be said to have been an age productive of fine or interesting <i>ex -libris</i>.</p> - -<p>A variety from the sometimes too stern formality of <i>ex libris</i> designs -is found in the plate engraved by D. Collin for Monsieur Riston. A -fantastic R., or perhaps A. R., is figured on an oval, with child -figures, a few books, and a pen and ink, all apparently in the open-air -around.</p> - -<p>The <i>ex libris</i> of Pierre Antoine Berryer is not of any striking -character, but is a fair specimen. In 1855 he was elected to the -Académie Francaise; but he was best known for his great defence of Count -Montalembert before the French Courts in 1858.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_43" id="page_43">{43}</a></span></p> - -<p>Alsace and Lorraine have given us some good specimens of bookplates, and -as might be expected, the manners and styles of several nations are here -included. In some an interesting feature is the introduction of a view -of the owner’s parish church.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_44" id="page_44">{44}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Viscount Cholmondeley—James Loch of Drylaw—William Pitt of Binfield.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">M</span>R. G. F. BARWICK, to whom the Mercator <i>ex libris</i> belongs, has kindly -sent me the following:—</p> - -<p>“Nicholas Mercator was born at Cismar, Holstein, about 1620, and after -completing his studies in Copenhagen he continued to reside there until -1660, when he came to England. His fame as a mathematician was already -well established, and he was almost immediately elected a member of the -Royal Society, which had recently been founded. Some years later he -entered the service of Louis XIV., and superintended the construction of -the fountains at Versailles. For this work, however, he could not obtain -payment, in consequence of his refusal to become a Catholic, and the -trouble which it caused him is said to have shortened his life. He wrote -a number of</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_005"></a> -<a href="images/i_p044a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p044a_sml.jpg" width="305" height="447" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_45" id="page_45">{45}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">small treatises and contributed to the <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, but -his fame chiefly rests upon his <i>Logarithmotechnia</i>, London, 1668-74, -4to, in which he developed the well-known formula which bears his name. -A portrait of him was formerly in the possession of Mr. T. D. F. Tatham -of Althorne, Essex, a collateral descendant of the Mercators, and passed -at his death into the possession of his nephew, Mr. W. Tatham-Hughes of -Chelsea Hospital.”</p> - -<p>A bookplate with fine mantling and supporters is that of “The Right -Honourable Hugh Lord Viscount Cholmondeley.” It occurs in a copy of “The -causes of the Decay of Christian Piety ... London, Printed by R. Norton -for T. Garthwait, in S. Bartholomew’s Hospital, near Smithfield, 1667.” -This copy—it belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates—has been finely bound, -probably by Charles Mearne. Hugh, first Earl of Cholmondeley, succeeded -his father, Viscount Cholmondeley, in 1681. Objecting to the arbitrary -measures of James II., he was soon honoured by William and Mary, who, in -1689, created him Lord Cholmondeley of Nantwich. In 1706 Queen Anne made -him Viscount Malpas and Earl of Cholmondeley. Later he held the -appointments of Comptroller and Treasurer of Her Majesty’s household.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_46" id="page_46">{46}</a></span> -The book has underneath one another, both in old but different hands, -two signatures—“Elizabeth Cholmondeley.” It has also an -inscription—“Wm. Lemon, 1855”; since then it has travelled far, as it -has twice inscribed on it “W. A. Rebello, Sylvan Lodge, Simla. October, -1864.”</p> - -<p>“John Stansfeld,” an armorial plate with mantling. The arms are sable, -three goats trippant argent. Crest a demi-lion rampant argent. An -ancient family settled in Yorkshire at the Conquest. This modern plate -is in a fine copy, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of <i>The Yorkshire -Library</i>, by William Boyne, 1869. I think that this John Stansfeld, -Esq., was a collector of fine books, and especially about Yorkshire.</p> - -<p>A nice plate here illustrated is that of Prescott Pepper.</p> - -<p>A plate with good mantling is that of “James Loch of Drylaw.” Given by -Burke as arms or, a saltire engraded sable, between two swans naiant in -fesse proper. Crest, a swan with wings endorsed, devouring a perch, both -proper. Motto, “Assiduate non desidia.” This is in a copy of <i>A Short -Introduction to Moral Philosophy</i> ... Glasgow, Printed by Robert & -Andrew Foulis, printers to the University. 1764. James</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_006"></a> -<a href="images/i_p046a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p046a_sml.jpg" width="351" height="426" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_47" id="page_47">{47}</a></span></p> - -<p>Loch of Drylaw, born in 1612, was treasurer of Edinburgh, and in 1851 -his descendant was James Loch of Drylaw, <small>M.P.</small>, son of George Loch of -Drylaw, and his wife a daughter of John Adam of Blair Adam. The arms -were confirmed in 1673 by Sir Charles Erskine of Cambo, Knight, Lyon -King-of-Arms.</p> - -<p>“William Pitt of Binfield, Berks Esqʳ—” here reproduced, has very full -mantling and no crest, unless the Satyr-looking head in the top of the -mantling be meant for a crest. This plate is taken from a copy of a 1648 -edition of <i>Eikon Basilike</i>.</p> - -<p>A good Scotch <i>ex libris</i> with mantling, and engraved by Lizars, is that -of “Brown of Waterhaughs,” evidently connected with some scion of the -clan Campbell. The crest is a lion holding a fleur-de-lis. The motto is -“Tandem licet sero.” This is in a copy of a scarce little volume, -Baxter’s <i>Anacreon</i>—“Londini Augustæ Imprimetatur Impensis Matthæi -Hawkins, prostatque venalis ad Angelum in Areâ Paulinâ.” 1710. The -“errata” note at the end contains some facetious expressions—in English -thus: “Correct if you please, friendly reader, those heavy printers -errors, which were printed when we were off our guard, and fell out when -we were intent on blackberries.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_48" id="page_48">{48}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>A plate with fine mantling is that of Richard Boycott. It is altogether -a good plate. In an ornamental frame below the shield of arms is the -engraved inscription: “Pro Rege et Religione / Richard Boycott.”</p> - -<p>Gules, on a chief argent, three grenadoes proper, and the motto, “Pro -Rege et Religione,” are of peculiar interest. These arms were granted by -Charles II., in 1663, to Sylvanus Boycott of Hinton, and Francis Boycott -of Byldwas, sons of William Boycott of Byldwas. The father had furnished -Charles I. with grenadoes and other supplies. The sons had aided Charles -II. when a fugitive wanderer. The family claim to descend from the -ancient Norman house of Bygod. This worthy plate is in a rich red -morocco bound copy of Sermons, by George Stanhope, <small>D.D.</small>, preached at the -Boyle Lectures in 1701.</p> - -<p>A bookplate with rather curious mantling is that of “Rowland W. D. -Collett.” The arms seem to be intended for those borne by Collett, who -was Lord Mayor of London in 1486,—Sable, on a chevron between three -hinds trippant argent, as many annulets of the first. The motto is -“virtutis præmium honor.”</p> - -<p>An armorial plate with heavy mantling—“Thomas Maitland, Dundrennan.” -Burke’s</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_007"></a> -<a href="images/i_p048a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p048a_sml.jpg" width="421" height="624" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_49" id="page_49">{49}</a></span></p> - -<p>Armorial gives quarterly, first and fourth or, a lion rampant, -déchaussé, within a bordure embattled gules; second and third argent, -the ruins of an old abbey on a mound proper. Crest a demi-monk vested -grey, holding in the dexter hand a crucifix argent, in the sinister a -rosary proper. The motto is “Esse quam videri.”</p> - -<p>In the same volume, the round armorial plate “Johannis Whitefoord -Mackenzie Armigeri.”</p> - -<p>It is most fitting that the book holding these Scottish bookplates is a -fine copy of the first edition of the great Montrose’s Book, the book -which the canting Covenanters hung round that hero’s neck as he proudly -trod the bloody scaffold. It is clothed in fine contemporary morocco, -richly gilt.</p> - -<p>A modern bookplate with nice mantling is that of “Charles Lilburn.” The -family hails from the county of Durham. The arms argent, three -water-bougets sable. Crest, a dexter arm in armour proper, holding a -truncheon or. The motto is “Vis viri fragilis.”</p> - -<p>This is in a copy of Montrose Redivivus, or the Portraicture of James, -late Marquess of Montrose, ... London: Printed for Jo. Ridley at the -Castle in Fleet Street, near Ram-alley, 1652. The water-bouget was a -mediæval vessel for carrying water, and was made of two<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_50" id="page_50">{50}</a></span> leather pouches -appended to a yoke or crossbar.</p> - -<p>The “Hampson” plate is, in its way, as good a bookplate as one need wish -to see. The clearly cut mantling is tastefully decked with light sprigs -of evergreen. The arms are argent, three hemp-brakes sable. The crest is -out of a mural crown argent, a greyhound’s head sable collared of the -first, rimmed or. Motto: “Nunc aut nunquam.”</p> - -<p>Thomas Hampson, the son of Sir Robert Hampson, Knight, and Alderman of -the City of London, was created a baronet on June 3rd, 1642. He died in -1655, leaving four sons and five daughters.</p> - -<p>The hempbrake, or hackle, was an instrument used for bruising hemp.</p> - -<p>The royal plate of Charles I. needs some explanation, as it is not a -bookplate. It occupies the first leaf in the full-sized octavo issues in -1649 of <i>Eikon Basilike</i>. In photographing the Throckmorton bookplate -the photographer, seeing this also at the beginning of the book, not -unnaturally thought that it was a bookplate, and to be illustrated. This -need not be regretted. It is a characteristic copy of an <i>Eikon</i>. The -surrounding lines are old red ink, and the old ownership signature—</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_008"></a> -<a href="images/i_p050a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p050a_sml.jpg" width="397" height="486" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_009"></a> -<a href="images/i_p050d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p050d_sml.jpg" width="353" height="372" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_51" id="page_51">{51}</a></span></p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Fra: Vaughan”<br /></span> -<span class="i2">“:1656:”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">is as true and perfect an <i>ex libris</i> as the finest draughtsman and -engraver could ever produce.</p> - -<p>The very fine armorial plate of Sir Robert Throckmorton, Bart.—“Virtus -sola nobilitas”—is here reproduced from the above-named 1649 copy of -<i>Eikon Basilike</i>.</p> - -<p>The armorial plate, with supporters, of Sir James Stewart Denholm, -Bart., of Coltness and Westshiel, is here illustrated.</p> - -<p>I do not know the history of the plate with the two oval shields here -illustrated. The motto, “Mors sola resolvit,” seems rather to suggest a -funeral hatchment.</p> - -<p>The illustration here given of the plate of “Thoˢ. Beckwith, of York -Painter & F.A.S.” is, of course, a piece of his own workmanship, and is -inserted in a small, thick volume of manuscript genealogies, no doubt -the work of T. Beckwith, and now in the library of Mr. Edward F. Coates. -Thomas Beckwith was of an ancient, if not distinguished, Yorkshire -family. He was born at Rothwell in 1730, “and served his time to George -Fleming, an ingenious man and house painter, from whom he acquired his -skill in drawing and painting,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_52" id="page_52">{52}</a></span> and imbibed a love for antiquities.” By -means of his great knowledge of genealogies he composed manuscript -pedigrees for some of the leading families of the North of England. He -was not only an unwearied collector, but very generous in imparting -information. He died at York on February 17th, 1786.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_010"></a> -<a href="images/i_p052a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p052a_sml.jpg" width="426" height="525" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_53" id="page_53">{53}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII<br /><br /> -<small>SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT PURPOSE</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick—Wrest Park plates—Sir -John Lubbock.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">T</span>HE following are all in a small collection of <i>ex libris</i> in a book -kept for the purpose in the British Museum. The press mark is C 66 f3:—</p> - -<p>“Frhr. v. Barckhaus Wiesenhütten Bibliotheck” is the inscription on the -ornamental bracket of an elaborate armorial plate, with two most -amiable-looking young lions holding up the shield.</p> - -<p>On the same page in the same collection is a plate of somewhere near the -same date, and hardly armorial. The form of the plate is, for the most -part, a representation of carved stonework. In the middle is a sort of -oval shield, and within that a shield with a figure of a man with a -child on one shoulder. Along the base of the structure are the words: -“Ex libr Chro TheopChristoff Ulme.” A few books are stand<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_54" id="page_54">{54}</a></span>ing on the -ground against the stonework, and, as oftens happens in looking at such -plates, one hopes they are not rare books or in interesting bindings, as -one would like to take more care of them.</p> - -<p>In the same collection is a remarkable plate giving a view of a library -interior, enclosed in a richly decorated oval frame. At foot the -inscription: “Ex libris d. zach: conr: at uffenbach, m.f.”, and above: -“non omnibus idem est quod placet petron fragm.” At the very bottom, in -tiniest letters, is “J U Kraus sculp.”</p> - -<p>Johann Ulrich Kraus was born at Augsburg in 1645, and died there in -1719. He was a pupil of Melchior Küsel; he imitated the manner of -Sebastien Le Clerc and did a large amount of engraving for the -booksellers.</p> - -<p>A handsome plate is that “Ex Bibliotheca J. S. Ochs, at Ochsentein.” It -is a plate with heavy mantling to the shield. An ox is, of course, -prominent in arms and crest. “P Feber sc” is in the corner. There is -another very much smaller, but almost identical plate.</p> - -<p>From the same collection, and of rather uncertain date, is a plate -subscribed: “Ex bibliotheca rosenbergiana.” A rose tree is appropriately -prominent in arms and crest.</p> - -<p>Another example is simply a Chippendale<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_55" id="page_55">{55}</a></span> fancy shell frame enclosing the -words: “Ex supellectile libraria Bened: Guil: Zahnii.”</p> - -<p>A bookplate very roughly engraved, and with some very curious-looking -heraldry, is that subscribed “malmendier. = de malmedye,” and “solum -forti patria est.”</p> - -<p>There is a circular plate with a Library view, and the library itself is -evidently circular, the plate being engraved “Bibliotheca regia -parmensis.” Apollo, looking very cold, stands on a pedestal in the -middle, holding his garment instead of putting it on, and sitting down -quietly to read the books. Round the upper part is inscribed “Apollini -palatino sacram.”</p> - -<p>An armorial plate with fine mantling, then a helmet: on that a crown, -and over that, for crest, a man girdled, holding in right hand a mallet, -and in left a flag. Under the shield is the name engraved: “A. W. -Schlegel von Gottleben.”</p> - -<p>Pasted on to the same page is a plain small <i>ex libris</i>—arms, a -fleur-de-lis; name, “Franz Salmon Wüss.”</p> - -<p>Here is a plate which appears to be round. In the middle is placed what -seems to be meant for a tomb, with a book placed open at the words: -“vita lux hominum Joh I v 4.” Near, and on the vault is engraved: “adhuc -stat<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_56" id="page_56">{56}</a></span> terminus.” Round the outside circle of the plate is engraved: “lex -est non poena mort.”</p> - -<p>Other plates of interest in this collection are those of Christian -Gottlieb Joher, on page <a href="#page_5">5</a>, Godefrid J. F. Thomas, on page <a href="#page_23">23</a>, and on page <a href="#page_27">27</a> a plate dated 1757.</p> - -<p>Mr. Barwick’s plate of a Baron Bunsen is, he assures me, not that of the -Baron Bunsen so familiar to, and appreciated by, cultivated English -readers, not a generation ago. The plate is nice, as any approach to -simplicity is always pleasing. The shield, hung from the coronet by the -ribband of some order, is not loaded with charges. Dexter, a lion -between two fleur-de-lis, sinister, three heads of barleycorn. The -motto, too, is reverential and in keeping: “In spe et silentio.” Below -all is the legend, “ex libris christiani caroli bunsen. Uratislaviæ ad -eadem S. Elis Ecclesiastes.” J. B. Stracchusky Sc Urat.</p> - -<p>Uratislavia spells Breslau, but very curiously the name Uratislavia -seems to have some fitness on a bookplate; as in Zedler’s wonderful -<i>Lexicon</i>, of some sixty-six volumes, it is recorded of Jacob de -Uratislavia, a Benedictine monk who died in 1480, that his literary -labours were so vast that seven powerful steeds could scarce drag his -load of books.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_011"></a> -<a href="images/i_p056a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p056a_sml.jpg" width="264" height="371" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_012"></a> -<a href="images/i_p056d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p056d_sml.jpg" width="385" height="421" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_57" id="page_57">{57}</a></span></p> - -<p>Mr. G. F. Barwick has lent me three quite different Wrest Park -bookplates. In an ornamental frame, which forms the lower part of one, -is engraved “Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, Wrest Park.” Two -fearful-looking dragons support the shield, or rather seem bent on -devouring the shield and then each other. Above is an earl’s coronet, -and below the motto, “Foy est tout.”</p> - -<p>Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, was born in 1781, and was the elder son of -Thomas Robinson, second Baron Grantham, and his wife the second daughter -of Philip York, second Earl of Hardwicke. He was therefore a descendant -of Henry Grey, ninth Earl of Kent. In 1833 his maternal aunt, Amabel -Hume Campbell, Countess de Grey of Wrest, in Bedfordshire, dying, he -became second Earl de Grey and Baron Lucas of Crudwell, Wiltshire. From -1841 to 1844 he was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and achieved great -success in his administration there. In 1844 he was made a Knight of the -Garter.</p> - -<p>The second of these plates consists of two crests, a dragon and a stag, -encircled by the garter. Above is the earl’s coronet, and over that the -inscription “Wrest Park.” Neither of the other plates has the garter.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_58" id="page_58">{58}</a></span></p> - -<p>In what, for distinction, may be called the third plate, the outspread -and double-headed black eagle holding the shield-of-arms is the most -prominent object, and in each beak it holds what, as argent, no doubt is -a silver coin, but looks rather like an Osborne biscuit.</p> - -<p>Mr. Barwick has also two bookplates of “Sir John William Lubbock. Bart.” -Below the shield is the happy motto: “Auctor pretiosa facit.” John -William Lubbock was born in 1803, and in 1840 succeeded his father in -the baronetcy. He died in 1865. His scientific tastes and cultivated -habits were just such as his own son, Sir John Lubbock, has pursued -happily for so many years, in the knowledge of many now living. The -other plate is evidently what he used for his books in his earlier -years. The bloody hand of Ulster is absent from the shield, and below -the shield is simply the monogram “J. W. L.”</p> - -<p>The Sir John Frederick, Bart., plate of Mr. Barwick’s is quite a change -from the customary conventions. The shield fills a very small part of an -oblong oval frame. The arms are by Burke, or on a chief azure, three -doves argent. Crest on a chapeau azure turned-up ermine, a dove, within -the beak an olive branch.</p> - -<p>Mr. Barwick has two <i>ex libris</i> of Thomas</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_013"></a> -<a href="images/i_p058a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p058a_sml.jpg" width="286" height="362" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_59" id="page_59">{59}</a></span></p> - -<p>James Tatham, Esq., a gentleman of Bedford Place, Russell Square, -London, and a third which has belonged to some near kindred. It agrees -with that which has merely the crest, but has engraved underneath: “T. -D. F. Tatham.” His chief plate has dexter, argent a chevron gules -between three swan’s necks, coupled sable. Sinister are presumably his -wife’s arms. Crest on a trumpet or, a swan’s wings displayed sable.</p> - -<p>Mr. Carruthers has, with great kindness, contributed the following in -reference to his interesting bookplate:—</p> - -<p>“The notion of the plate was to introduce two plants named by botanists -after me. Many genera of plants have received their names in this way.</p> - -<p>“The outside plant was called <i>Carruthersia scandius Seem.</i> by Dr. -Seemann in his <i>Flora Vitiensis</i>, London, 1865-73. I described the ferns -in this work (pp. 331-378), and otherwise had given assistance. The -plant is described on pp. 155, 156, and figured on Table XXX. Appended -to the description of the genus is this note: ‘I have named this new -genus in honour of my esteemed friend William Carruthers, Esq., <small>F.Z.S.</small>, -of the Botanical Department, British Museum, to whom I am indebted for<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_60" id="page_60">{60}</a></span> -much kind assistance in working up the South Sea flora.’</p> - -<p>“The inner flower was named by Otto Kunze <i>Carruthia Capensis, O.K.</i> It -was originally called <i>Aitonia Capensis</i> by Linnæus the younger, but a -different plant had been previously named <i>Aitonia</i>. Botanists do not -allow the same name to be applied to different plants that are widely -separated. O. Kunze wished to associate the plant with my name, and, -following an example set by Linnæus, he cut off the last syllable and -formed a generic name which could not be confounded with Seemann’s -generic name. This arose from a curious accident. O. Kunze called on me -at the Natural History Museum, and asked me to let him see the specimens -of <i>Aitonia</i>. I inquired which <i>Aitonia</i>, and, showing him a seal I was -wearing which belonged to Aiton, who had engraved on it the Cape plant -named after him, I asked if that was the plant. He exclaimed ‘How -strange! that is the plant.’ I showed him the specimen that the younger -Linnæus had named, which was in the Herbarium. When Kunze published the -results of his work on these plants he gave it the name <i>Carruthia -Capensis</i>. The seal was oval, and the drawing in the</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_014"></a> -<a href="images/i_p060a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p060a_sml.jpg" width="276" height="371" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_61" id="page_61">{61}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">centre is taken from the seal. I used for separation of the two plants -an ornamental border of an early Edinburgh printer, I believe, for I got -it in the binding of an old Edinburgh book. And the motto belongs to the -section of the Carruthers tribe to which we belong.</p> - -<p>“The drawing was made by W. G. Smith, <small>F.Z.S.</small>, a good botanist and an -excellent draughtsman.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_62" id="page_62">{62}</a></span>”</p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII<br /><br /> -<small>CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES</small></h2> - -<p class="c">William Sharp the Engraver—The Rev. John Watson—Edward -Trotter—Patrick Colquhoun.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">T</span>HE few following bookplates are all in the manner known as -Chippendale:—</p> - -<p>The Chippendale bookplate here given, with “Wm. Sharp” engraved at the -foot of it, was one, we may suppose, engraved by William Sharp, the -engraver, for himself. He was the son of a gunmaker, in days when -gun-barrels and other parts of guns were often finely engraved.</p> - -<p>William Sharp was born in 1749, died at Chiswick on July 25th, 1824.</p> - -<p>Seeing that he became an engraver of very great skill and originality, -the main points of his life are well worth recording. Born in Haydon -Yard in the Minories, his father apprenticed him to Barak Longmate, an -engraver and genealogist. Out of his indentures, he</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_015"></a> -<a href="images/i_p062a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p062a_sml.jpg" width="364" height="447" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_016"></a> -<a href="images/i_p062d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p062d_sml.jpg" width="333" height="445" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_63" id="page_63">{63}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">soon married a Frenchwoman, and set up in Bartholomew Lane as a writing -engraver.</p> - -<p>About 1782 he sold this business and migrated to Vauxhall, where he now -pursued the higher branches of his art. True to the prophet’s fate, he -was in due course elected an honorary member of the Imperial Academy at -Vienna and of the Royal Academy at Munich. In early days he had been a -friend of Thomas Paine and Horne Tooke, and was, in fact, examined -before the Privy Council on treasonable charges, but soon dismissed as a -harmless enthusiast. After becoming a convert to Swedenborg, he became a -brave upholder of Joanna Southcott, and was the very last of her -adherents to admit the reality of her death.</p> - -<p>A good Chippendale plate is that of “The Rev. John Watson.” He was born -on March 26th, 1725, at Lyme Handley in the parish of Prestbury, -Cheshire, and became a learned antiquary. He was elected F.S.A. in 1759, -and contributed six papers to <i>Archæologia</i>. In 1775 appeared his -best-known work. <i>The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax</i>, -Yorkshire, where he had held a curacy from 1750 to 1754. In 1782 he -brought out two fine quarto volumes, <i>Memoirs of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_64" id="page_64">{64}</a></span> Ancient Earls of -Warren and Surrey</i>. He died at Stockport on March 14th, 1783.</p> - -<p>A good Chippendale bookplate is that of “Edward Trotter, A.M.”</p> - -<p>In the Lyon Register the arms are given as of Trotter of Gatchibraw, in -Scotland, argent a chevron gules between three boars’ heads, couped -sable. Crest a horse trotting proper.</p> - -<p>This is in a copy of <i>Essay sur l’histoire générale, et sur les mœurs et -l’esprit des nations, depuis Charlemagne jusqu’à nos jours</i>. 1756.</p> - -<p>A pleasing plate of late Chippendale style is that with the monogram “J. -B. W.” at the foot. On the title-page of the book “Six Discourses” ... -“Temple Church” ... “Thomas Sherlock ... 1725,” is the autograph “J. B. -Watkin.” Burke’s <i>Armoury</i> gives azure a fesse between three leopard -faces, jessant de lis or.</p> - -<p>An unpretending little Chippendale bookplate, with crest only, is that -of “Patk. Colquhoun.” A stag’s head, with above it the motto “si je -puis.” Patrick Colquhoun, Minister of the Hanse-towns, was born at -Dumbarton on March 14th, 1745, and died at Westminster on April 25th, -1820.</p> - -<p>The following are a few crest bookplates named together:—</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_017"></a> -<a href="images/i_p064a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p064a_sml.jpg" width="382" height="525" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_65" id="page_65">{65}</a></span></p> - -<p>The Marshall crest, a man in armour proper, holding in the dexter hand a -truncheon or, forms the very picturesque modern <i>ex libris</i> of “F. A. -Marshall.” The motto is fitting: “Nunquam sedeo.” This in a collection -of Actes, printed by Pynson in 1512-1514, -“concernynge—Archerye—Crossbows—Mummers,” and other quaint subjects.</p> - -<p>As a specimen of a crest bookplate there is the “Beavan,” which is -simply the name Beavan under two crests, one a dove with outspread wings -and a ring in its beak, the other a lion. This can hardly be called a -satisfactory plate. It is in a volume of <i>The Edinburgh Review</i> of 1826.</p> - -<p>A pretty crestplate is that of “Henry St. Clair Feilden.”</p> - -<p>The crest is a nuthatch feeding on a hazel branch. The crest is enclosed -in an oval belt inscribed with the motto, “virtutis præmium honor.” This -plate is in a copy of Benjamin Thorpe’s <i>History of England under the -Norman Kings</i>. Oxford, 1857.</p> - -<p>Another crest bookplate, that of “Walter Farquhar.” The crest is an -eagle rising, proper. The motto, “mente manuque.” This plate is in a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_66" id="page_66">{66}</a></span>copy of Sermons preached in the Parish-Church of Olney, ... By John -Newton, Curate of the said Parish ... 1767.</p> - -<p>A good crestplate is “John Savill Vaisey”<span class="lftspc">’</span>s, presumably of the race of -the Viscounts de Vesci. The crest is a hand-in-armour, holding a laurel -branch, all proper. Over the crest is the motto, “sub hoc signo vinces.”</p> - -<p>“Brownlow William Knox”<span class="lftspc">’</span>s bookplate is simply the Knox crest, a falcon -close on a perch, all proper. It is in a copy of that work, which is so -curious to study now, “Catalogue of five hundred celebrated authors of -great Britain, now living; ... London 1788.”</p> - -<p>“Burns, Robert. A ploughman in the county of Ayr in the kingdom of -Scotland.” A good simple plate, merely a crest, below that a motto, and -then at the foot of all, the name,—is the <i>ex libris</i> of “William J E -Bennett.” The crest is in a mural crown, or, a lion’s head, gules. The -motto is “de bon vouloir servir le roy.”</p> - -<p>There was a nice bookplate in the volumes of the first work which I ever -bought. <i>Don Esteban</i> was the title, and the date 1825. I was thirteen -years old, and bought this in an auction in Mr. A. H. Beesley’s, House -Class-room, in that fine old home of the Seymours, then and now a part -of Marl<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_67" id="page_67">{67}</a></span>borough College. The <i>ex libris</i> is a simple name, crest, and -motto: “Champion,” a family belonging to Berkshire and Essex. The crest -is an arm embowed and erect, in armour proper, garnished or, holding in -the gauntlet a chaplet of laurel, vert. Motto: “Vincit veritas.”</p> - -<p>Marlborough, with the glorious beech avenues of Savernake Forest, is the -home of the Ailesburys, and in this connection the family bookplate -should always be remembered, with its pathetic motto at the foot of it. -They are Bruces, and the motto is “Fuimus.”</p> - -<p>One day the then Marquis, alighting from his carriage and pointing to -the motto beneath the arms, asked a small boy to translate it.</p> - -<p>“Fui, I was; mus, a mouse,” was the ready reply.</p> - -<p>No Bruce of old could have behaved more honourably than the Marquis of -those days, for when some boys had worried some of the deer, and Bradley -said that he was afraid he would have to put the forest out of bounds, -the Marquis replied: “No; Savernake Forest shall always be free to every -boy of Marlborough College.”</p> - -<p>A modern neat <i>ex libris</i>, with only the two family crests and mottoes, -is that of the late<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_68" id="page_68">{68}</a></span> Sir “Wroth Acland Lethbridge,” Baronet. The -baronetcy was created in 1804. The crests are: First, out of a mural -crown, or, a demi-eagle displayed proper; and second, out of a ducal -coronet, two arms in armour, holding a leopard’s face. Mottoes: “Truth” -and “Spes mea in Deo.” The owner of this plate was born in 1831, and, -after serving in the Rifle Brigade, succeeded his father as fourth -baronet on 1st March, 1873.</p> - -<p>A pretty crestplate of perhaps about 1770 is the <i>ex libris</i> of “Thoˢ Wᵐ -Plummer.” The crest is a bird’s head, and the bird seems very properly -to be about to devour a plum. The crest is framed by two branches, -presumably of plum trees.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_69" id="page_69">{69}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX<br /><br /> -<small>MODERN BOOKPLATES</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Remarks on examples given in <i>The Studio</i>, special winter number, -1898-9.</p> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">M</span>ODERN bookplates are not easy to discuss satisfactorily. The following -are some of the plates which were named or illustrated in <i>The Studio</i> -special winter number, 1898-9, which went out of print at once. Mr. -Gleeson White, who was by no means blind to the failings of up-to-date -<i>ex libris</i>, wrote this, and gave with it the large number of one -hundred and forty-nine illustrations.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_3">3</a> is given the <i>ex libris</i>, “T. Edmund Harvey,” a gruesome -jumble of sticks and bones. This plate is by Cyril Goldie. In any -comments now written no injurious reflections are intended; as, for one -thing, it is impracticable, and probably undesirable, to know whether, -and in what proportions, owner, artist, or manufacturer, are -responsible. Besides these three, there is a fourth and -oft-<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_70" id="page_70">{70}</a></span>predominating partner to be considered, namely, fashion. Probably -the only value of the impressions here written is that they are formed -by one who is an entirely independent critic and a true lover of -beautiful <i>ex libris</i>. The phrases of professionals will not therefore -be expected.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_4">4</a> is given the <i>ex libris</i> “Eduard John Margetson,” by W. H. -Margetson. This plate seems simple and pleasing enough. On the other -hand, it is not exhilarating to find in this evidently very fair sample -volume no less than twenty-seven bookplates, each depicting a female and -a book.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_5">5</a> the <i>ex libris</i> “Richard Trappes Lomax,” by Paul Woodroffe, is -very refreshing to look upon. It has all the familiar points of a -bookplate, in that it is armorial, with mantling, and flowery foliage. -At the same time the plate is not common, crowded, or eccentric. Now, on -the other hand, turn to page 7, where is a plate “From among the books -of Fred. W. Brown.” In this there is doubtless some good work, but in -looking at the plate the eye and brain at once feel tired and -bewildered; you seem to long to turn from a crowded hotch-potch, if -only, it might be, to stare for a while at a blank barn door.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_71" id="page_71">{71}</a></span></p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_9">9</a> are three plates by W. R. Weyer. These are distinctly good to -look at; there seems a wholesome taste about them; there is plenty of -decoration, without any attempt to crowd a volume of emblems and a -market-gardener’s flower-show into two inches by one and a half. In each -the owner’s name is clearly given, and, of course, no bookplate ought to -want this. In addition, two are dated—that of Richard Chapman, 1892, -and Reginald Balfour’s, 1898.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_12">12</a> is a distinctly satisfactory modern plate. It is a -portrait-plate, and is by J. W. Simpson, for himself. He has depicted -himself enjoying a long clay pipe. Beneath is the simple record in the -plainest of letters: “J. W. Simpson His Book.”</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_14">14</a> are the presumably portrait-plates of “Mary A. Bridger” and -“Julia Eustace,” both by M. E. Thompson. These may be pretty, but seem, -as in so many modern bookplates, to lack simplicity.</p> - -<p>On the next page is a portrait-plate, “Edith E. Waterlow,” by J. Walter -West. This, although the portrait is only a face in an oval, and outside -the constant florist’s paraphernalia, still the plate has some saving -simplicity.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_16">16</a> is what seems a sensible book<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_72" id="page_72">{72}</a></span>plate. It is by E. H. New, for -Edward Morton, and seems to give simply a view of Edward Morton’s home, -a modern house built in old style, and named Kingsclere.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_48">48</a> is shown a plate to which we would gladly give the palm for -ugliness. We suppose it is meant for a bookplate, as it is given in this -volume, and the words <i>ex libris</i> are distinguishable through the gloom.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_49">49</a> is a plate, Aubrey Beardsley, inscribed <i>ex libris</i> “Olive -Custance.” It is not much to be admired.</p> - -<p>On pages <a href="#page_50">50</a> and <a href="#page_51">51</a>, where we are among the French <i>ex libris</i>, may be -seen at one glance some half-dozen plates, which all happen to -illustrate what is a marked eyesore in many bookplates, but has not been -seriously noticed. A bookplate is naturally designed for use in a book. -Now, with books should always be associated the idea of something to be -valued and taken care of. How does this agree with the plates here -shown? I think that symbolism should avoid this disturbing element.</p> - -<p>There is water to drown the precious volumes, and there are beasts to -devour them. In one a poor disconsolate-looking tome is shown trying to -float on the dark cold waters of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_73" id="page_73">{73}</a></span> deep, and as if that were not a -sufficiently uncomfortable position for a book, a bird seems to be -flying down, with open beak, to have a peck at it. In another cheerful -composition, an angry tiger is in charge of the library of precious -volumes, and has the talons of one paw on a beautiful binding, while it -sticks the talons of its other paw into the leaves of an open volume.</p> - -<p>In a third plate, a wolf is in a library, and, of course, behaving there -as a wolf would. In yet another plate, a wolf is playing with a fine -folio, and forming altogether as incongruous a picture as a bull in a -china shop.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_54">54</a> is reproduced a plate, by Léon Lebègue. This may be, in -disguise, a lovely creation of modern art; but the ordinary observer -would take it to be a muddled map of everything or nothing, and would -not paste it inside the cover of any book he or she hoped ever to open -again.</p> - -<p>As another painful instance of bookplates exhibiting books in the very -last position anyone would care to see them in, on page <a href="#page_56">56</a>, is shown a -book being drowned in a pond. This is by Bracquemond.</p> - -<p>From page 58 to page 60 some American <i>ex libris</i> are pourtrayed. Among -these gene<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_74" id="page_74">{74}</a></span>rally there is, as should be where books are thought of, a -feeling of rest and refinement.</p> - -<p>Between pages 61 and 68 are given a number of plates of modern German -<i>ex libris</i>, thanks, as we are reminded, to the inspiriting influence of -Warnecke, Leiningen-Westerburg, Doepler, and Hildebrandt. Germany, and -to some extent Austria, too, have produced some very original and -interesting bookplates within the last few years.</p> - -<p>Illustrated on pages <a href="#page_61">61</a> and <a href="#page_65">65</a> are two plates which should surely come -under the category of the error of associating books with incongruous -surroundings. In the one, by Doepler for the Bibliothek des Koeniglichen -Kunstgewerbe Museums, Berlin, the centre represents an open book—that -would be well enough; but the leading feature of the plate is a great, -rough, brawny hand holding a big hammer and pressing on the open volume.</p> - -<p>In the plate on page <a href="#page_65">65</a>, by Sattler, the design pictures a human -skeleton bearing a pile of books.</p> - -<p>Between pages 64 and 65 is a leaf bearing three pleasing plates, by Paul -Voigt. One of the three is apparently for his own books. It depicts a -room with, of course, some very old books, and the most prominent is in -a position<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_75" id="page_75">{75}</a></span> which would break the back of a modern book; but not much -fault need be found. In those good times books were not bound in a day -or for a day. The hides were well chosen, well seasoned, and good -workmanship was put into the binding.</p> - -<p>Facing Paul Voigt’s own plate is a good plate by him for W. L. Busse. -This has a fine smell of the sea about it. Tossing in the frothy deep is -an ancient ship, which but for masts and sails might be a nautilus -shell. Below is a rugged anchor, and around all a stout cable serves to -frame a pleasing picture.</p> - -<p>On page <a href="#page_68">68</a> is a cleverly designed plate by Joseph Sattler. There is an -altogether pleasing absence of misty, mystic, mythological allusions and -complications. On the other hand, an hour-glass indicates the sands of -time, and the simple word “Jetzt” (now) points a simple moral, -irresistibly apt for the book-lover. There is no pursuit of which it can -be more truly said—that he (the book-collector) who hesitates is lost.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_76" id="page_76">{76}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X<br /><br /> -<small>VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES</small></h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>The proper place for a bookplate is in a book—Gordon of -Buthlaw—Spencer Perceval—William Wilberforce—A bookplate for a -special purpose—George Ormerod—Robert Surtees—Cathedral plates.</p></div> - -<p>In the pages here following are recorded many British bookplates, none -of them very early; but they are referred to here, as, after all, this -book must chiefly appeal to readers in our own tongue.</p> - -<p>If in this and other parts of this book the writer be thought to mention -too much of books and owners, it must be borne in mind that to the -writer a bookplate is first of interest as connected with a book, and a -book is of interest for its subject and its owner’s identity.</p> - -<p>Gordon of Buthlaw. In the <i>General Armoury</i> Gordon of Lessmoir, -Aberdeenshire, is described as descended from William, second son of -John Gordon of Scudargue, Baronet, 1625, and title dormant since 1839. -The arms</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_018"></a> -<a href="images/i_p076a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p076a_sml.jpg" width="289" height="385" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_019"></a> -<a href="images/i_p076d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p076d_sml.jpg" width="242" height="345" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_77" id="page_77">{77}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">are given as azure, a fess chequy argent and of the first, between three -boars’ heads erased or. Then the Gordon of Buthlaw arms are -distinguished from Lessmoir, with a mullet argent in chief for -difference. Crest a Doric pillar or. Motto: “In recto decus.” This old -bookplate here given is in a lately unearthed contemporary manuscript, -headed: “Observations upon the arise and progresse of the late -Rebellions against King Charles the first: In so far as they were -carried on by a male contented party in Scotland, under the pretext of -Reformation.” This is really the Memoirs of Henry Guthry, Bishop of -Dunkeld, and differs in some points from the printed version. On the -first leaf, down the margin, is written “Joannis Gordonii Buthlæi 1761.”</p> - -<p>The Perceval arms, given by Burke, are argent on a chief indented gules, -three crosses pattée of the field. Crest a thistle erect, leaved proper.</p> - -<p>The Wilson arms are sable, a wolf salient or; in chief three estoiles of -the last.</p> - -<p>Spencer Perceval, born in Audley Square, London, in 1762, was the second -son of the second Earl of Egmont. At only ten years old he was sent to -Harrow School, and then to<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_78" id="page_78">{78}</a></span> Trinity College, Cambridge, where in -December, 1781, he graduated M.A. In 1790 he married Jane, second -daughter of Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson, and then had six sons and six -daughters. Mr. Spencer Walpole, son of the fourth daughter, wrote, in -1874, a full biography of Spencer Perceval. When first married Spencer -Perceval and his wife lived in lodgings in Bedford Row; but in about -1793 they bought a good house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and it is just a -little curious that I bought this book, with his bookplate in it, but a -few yards from Lincoln’s Inn Fields close on thirty years ago. Spencer -Perceval, England’s Prime Minister during the Peninsuula War, was shot -dead as he passed through the lobby to the House of Commons on May 11th, -1812, and Bellingham, his assassin, was hanged a week afterwards.</p> - -<p>The <i>ex libris</i> here reproduced looked at first a puzzle; but Mr. -Procter, at the British Museum, soon read the riddle. He made it an Earl -of Guildford, and then it was very easy sailing for me to come to anchor -at Frederick North, fifth Earl of Guildford, born 7th February, 1766, -Chancellor of the University of the Ionian Islands, and Knight Grand -Cross of the Ionian Order. There is a good account</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_020"></a> -<a href="images/i_p078a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p078a_sml.jpg" width="375" height="198" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>THE EARL OF GUILDFORD</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_79" id="page_79">{79}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">of him by J. M. Rigg in the <i>D. N. B.</i> At Oxford he became an -accomplished Grecian, and an enthusiastic Philhellene. In 1791, on the -conclusion of the peace of Galatz, he evinced his accomplishment in -classical Greek by a scholarly and spirited Pindaric ode in honour of -the Empress Catherine.</p> - -<p>In 1814 he was elected the first president of a society for the -promotion of culture, founded at Athens. Later he was active in the -formation of the British Protectorate over the Ionian Islands, in the -scheme to form an Ionian University. In 1824 the University, with him as -Chancellor, was established in Corfu. He lived there, spending money on -the University, and giving valuable printed books, manuscripts, and -other treasures to it.</p> - -<p>In 1827 his state of health caused his recall to England. As a child he -had been exceedingly delicate. In England he still wore constantly the -classical costume, which had been adopted as the academic dress. He died -on October 14th, 1827. “He was a brilliant conversationalist, and ... -wrote and spoke German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Romaic with ease; -he read Russian, and throughout life maintained his familiarity with the -classics unimpaired.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_80" id="page_80">{80}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>The next surname we come to in bookplates has been most familiar to the -present and immediate past generation, in the person of Samuel -Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford. These few following remarks are from -private recollections. In the power of getting through a day of hard -labour, of mind and body, he was unequalled, and to the end of the hard -day’s work, with similar laborious days preceding and following, he -could display a marvellously ready wit. One evening at a dinner-party at -Cuddesdon Palace, the two lady guests on each side of the Bishop were -suddenly startled by the crashing fall of a pile of plates. The Bishop, -utterly unmoved, instantly remarked, “Oh, it’s nothing; it’s only the -coachman going out with the brake.” It was the coachman, and the brake -was the vehicle in frequent use. He would do some hours’ work no doubt -after his guests had retired, and do some good work before breakfast the -next morning. At Bisham Abbey, meeting at dinner two irrepressible -spinsters who would argue of ages, he drily remarked, as if addressing -the moon, the extraordinary fact in nature, that ladies’ ages always ran -thus: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, -18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, and so on.</p> - -<p>The bookplate of William Wilberforce is</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_021"></a> -<a href="images/i_p080a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p080a_sml.jpg" width="297" height="311" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_81" id="page_81">{81}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">from a fine large volume all in manuscript, giving a very full account -of the Yorkshire election contest, the poll opening on 20th May, 1807, -and only finally closing on the 5th June. This volume belongs to Mr. -Edward Feetham Coates, as does also an exquisite volume in pen-and-ink, -the work of the late Dr. Howard, who has taken Glover’s visitation of -Yorkshire, from MSS. Harl., No. 1,394, and besides drawing the arms most -exquisitely, and “Wilberforse” among the rest, has given most ample -pedigrees and an index. Dr. Howard gives the field argent and the eagle -sable; but otherwise Old Guillim’s account of Cotton would nearly hold -good:—</p> - -<p>“The field is sapphire, an eagle displaied; Pearle, Membred Gules. These -armes appertaine to the Right worthy Sir Robert Cotten, of Connington, -Knight, a learned Antiquary, and a singular fauorer and preseruer of all -good learning and antique monuments. The eagle ... continually -practiseth that course of life whereunto nature hath ordained her: ... -her sharpnesse and strength of sight is much commended; and it is a -greater honour to one of noble offspring to be wise and of sharpe and -deepe understanding, then to be rich or powerfull, or great by birth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_82" id="page_82">{82}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>William Wilberforce, the owner of this plate, was born in the High -Street, Hull, on the 24th August, 1759, and came of a family settled at -Wilberfoss, eight miles from York, for many centuries. The election -which this volume above-named commemorates was very remarkable. -Wilberforce had a few months earlier had the satisfaction of seeing his -Bill for the abolition of the slave trade finally passed into law. Lord -Milton and Mr. Lascelles, who had been Wilberforce’s colleagues from -1796 to 1806, opposed him. A subscription of £64,455 was voluntarily -raised to pay his expenses. At the end of fifteen days he had scored -11,806 votes against his opponents’ 11,177 and 10,989. The story of Miss -Wilberforce recognised driving through York at election time is too -redolent of Wilberforce’s ready humour and Yorkshire heartiness to be -forgotten. The crowd welcomed her with the cry: “Miss Wilberforce for -ever!” She rejoined: “Not <i>Miss</i> Wilberforce for ever, thank you!”</p> - -<p>A fine plate is the circular armorial <i>ex libris</i> of “Charles, Marquis -of Northampton.” The owner of this plate came of a noble house, worthy, -indeed, of a fine bookplate. A few notes about his forefathers may be -recorded.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_83" id="page_83">{83}</a></span></p> - -<p>Edmund de Compton’s son, Sir William Compton, Knight, was employed about -the household of bluff Harry the Eighth when Duke of York, and thus -winning his confidence, became the king’s companion in tournaments. Sir -William held high offices under the king, and fought with great bravery -in the Battle of Spurs. He died in 1528, leaving one son to succeed him, -who again left a son, Sir Henry Compton, Knight, who, in 1572, was -summoned to Parliament as Baron Compton of Compton. He married first a -daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon, and secondly a daughter of Sir John -Spencer of Althorp. By his first wife he left a son, William, who -inherited the title, and was in 1618 created Earl of Northampton and -installed Knight of the Garter. A letter bearing date 2nd July, 1630, -tells of his death: “Yesterday se’nnight the Earl of Northampton, lord -president of Wales, after he had waited on the king at supper and had -also supped, went into a boat, with others, to wash himself in the -Thames; and so soon as his legs were in the water but to his knees, he -had the colic, and cried out—Have me into the boat again, for I am a -dead man.” His son, Spencer Compton, the second Earl of Northampton,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_84" id="page_84">{84}</a></span> -risked and gave all for his sovereign’s cause. On March 19th, 1643, he -marched his men out of Stafford and fought the Parliament forces on -Hopton Heath. Although he had so few troops he routed the enemy’s -cavalry and took from them eight guns; but their infantry stood firm, -and finally he was himself killed, proudly refusing to surrender to base -rogues and rebels. He left three sons to nobly emulate, as brave -cavaliers, their father’s loyalty and valour. The second of them was at -Edgehill and Hopton Heath; and later, after engaging in many fights, he, -disguised and with only six men, surprised Beeston Castle in Cheshire, -cut down the drawbridge, seized the governor’s troop-horse, and took -thirty soldiers prisoners in their beds.</p> - -<p>There is also a Northampton monogram bookplate. Above is an earl’s -coronet, and below a vast “N,” with the name “Castle Ashby” engraved -across it. In 1695 King William III. visited the Earl of Northampton at -Castle Ashby.</p> - -<p>The following is an instance of a bookplate printed for a special -purpose. The block measures about five inches by two and a quarter, and -represents an ornamental frame enclosing the following printed -inscription:<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_85" id="page_85">{85}</a></span>—</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Daily take Care to spend your Time and Breath<br /></span> -<span class="i1">In right preparing for the Hour of Death.<br /></span> -<span class="i6">So wish’d your deceas’d Friend,<br /></span> -<span class="i15"><span class="smcap">S. Moore</span>.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>It suits the size of the book into which it is pasted in its proper -place inside the front cover. On the last page of the book is printed a -list of “Some Books proper to be given at Funerals,” and lower down the -page, as a good catalogue note: “We may say of a Book, given at -Funerals, what the Divine Herbert says of a Verse. A Book may find him -who a Sermon flies, and turn a Gift into a Sacrifice.”</p> - -<p>The leaf before the title-leaf is engraved with the tomb of the author: -“Edward Pearse, a servant of Jesus Christ. Obiit 1673: Ætat 40.” The -title reads: “The Great Concern: or, a Serious Warning to a timely and -Thorough Preparation for Death with Helps and Directions in Order -thereunto. By Edward Pearse. John ix. 4.... Recommended as proper to be -Given at Funerals. The twenty-eight Edition. London: Printed for R. -Robinson, at the Golden Lion in St. Paul’s-Churchyard. 1735.”</p> - -<p>The author, a Nonconformist Divine, matriculated as a servitor from St. -John’s College,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_86" id="page_86">{86}</a></span> Oxford, in 1652, and graduated B.A. on 27th June, 1654. -In June, 1657, he was appointed Morning Preacher at St. Margaret’s, -Westminster. <i>The Great Concern</i> was reprinted as lately as 1840.</p> - -<p>A good characteristic English, or shall we say Welsh, plate is that of -“Morgan Thomas,” “Palmer sculpsit,” with a floral-wreath decoration. The -arms were granted 8th September, 1768, to Thomas of Lettymaur, in -Carmarthenshire. Rees Thomas of Lettymaur died in 1759, leaving three -sons, one of whom was Morgan Thomas of Llanon, in the parish of -Lettymaur. He, in 1768, married Frances, the only child of Henry Goring, -of Frodley Hall, Staffordshire. Their grandson was Rees Goring Thomas of -Llanon, and of Tooting, Surrey, who was High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire -in 1830. This family, besides having a wreath in their crest and flowers -round their shield, perhaps had fine tastes, as the book in which I have -this Morgan Thomas plate is a very beautiful piece of English dated -binding. It is a 1660—Henry Hills and John Field—Bible, bound in black -morocco, beautifully blindtooled in Mearne style, and with initials “M. -M.” and date “1673” in the middle of each cover. The four outside -corners of the binding are covered</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_022"></a> -<a href="images/i_p086a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p086a_sml.jpg" width="287" height="329" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_87" id="page_87">{87}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">with silver on which are engraved flowers similar to those designed on -the leather.</p> - -<p>The bookplate over the inscription—“The Revᵈ John Constable, -Ringmer”—is simply a ship in full sail, and this is the crest of one of -the families of Constable. This plate is in a copy of Parson’s—<i>His -Christian Directory</i>, London, 1754. The volume also contains the -autograph “William Constable.” It so happens that another crest borne by -the Constables was a dragon’s head, and this may be seen on the -bookplate of William Constable, <small>F.R.S.</small> and <small>F.S.A.</small>, pasted into an old -volume of manuscript escheats and inquiries in the county of York, which -belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates, and is probably one of the Dodsworth -volumes, which posterity owes to the thoughtfulness of the great Lord -Fairfax, who, when war was raging and devastation threatening, had -copies made of many old manuscripts for fear that the originals might be -lost.</p> - -<p>It always adds to the interest when there is the owner’s signature to -his own bookplate. This is the case with a volume of a small -topographical work. The bookplate represents the arms and crest of the -famous clan Macintosh, with “C. C. M.” below, probably standing for -Charles Calder Macintosh. The owner and<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_88" id="page_88">{88}</a></span> donor has made it read, “From -C. C. Macintosh to Charles Forbes. Bombay, 17th April, 1811.” This -would, of course, be Sir Charles Forbes, of Indian fame.</p> - -<p>The arms of the ancient clan Macintosh are: Quarterly, first, or, a lion -rampant gules; second, argent, a dexter hand fesseways, couped at the -wrist, and holding a human heart gules; third, azure, a boar’s head -couped, or; fourth, or, a lymphad sable, surmounted by two oars in -saltire, gules. Crest a cat-a-mountain salient guardant proper. Over the -crest the motto: “Touch not the cat, but a glove.” The charge or, a lion -rampant gules, is on account of the descent from MacDuff. The third, -azure, a boar’s head couped, or, is for Gordon of Lochinvar. The fourth, -a lymphad, oars erect in saltire, sable, is for Clan Chattan. The lion -rampant of the ancient MacDuffs may be well accounted for, as King -Malcolm III. gave to MacDuff and his descendants the privileges of -leading the van of the Scottish army whenever the royal standard was -unfurled, and of placing the crown on the heads of the kings at their -coronation.</p> - -<p>George Ormerod, well known as the historian of Cheshire, was the only -son of George Ormerod of Bury, Lancashire, and his wife</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_023"></a> -<a href="images/i_p088a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p088a_sml.jpg" width="356" height="310" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_89" id="page_89">{89}</a></span></p> - -<p>Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Johnson of Tyldesley, and was born in High -Street, Manchester, 20th October, 1785.</p> - -<p>In 1803 Ormerod matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford. In 1807 he -received the honorary degree of M.A., and in 1818 was made a D.C.L. -Becoming the owner of Sedbury Park on the beautiful peninsula of -Beachley, between the Severn and the Wye, he lived there until his death -in 1873, nearly ninety years of age. In 1808 he married the eldest -daughter of John Latham, <small>M.D.</small>, <small>F.R.S.</small>, of Bradwall Hall, Cheshire. His -library was sold in 1875.</p> - -<p>Arms as Ormerod of Ormerod (or three bars and a lion passant, in chief -gules), quartering Johnson of Tyldesley, Wareing of Walmersley, Crompton -of Hacking Hall, and Nuttall of Walmersley. Crest a wolf’s head couped -at the neck, barry of four, or and gules, holding in the mouth an -ostrich’s feather erect proper. This plate is in a book, the fine black -morocco gilt binding of which was reproduced by Griggs for the -Bibliography of <i>Eikon Basilike</i>.</p> - -<p>In May, 1893, Sothebys sold the Bateman Heirlooms, the valuable library -of Printed Books and Manuscripts formed by the late Mr. W. Bateman, and -Mr. T. Bateman, of<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_90" id="page_90">{90}</a></span> Lomberdale House, Youlgrave, Derbyshire. The books -had been well cared for, and sometimes annotated and extra illustrated. -Such was the case with the copy of <i>Reliquiæ Sacræ</i>, 1651, with armorial -bookpile bookplate: “Wm. Bateman, <small>F.A.S.</small>, of Middleton by Yolgrave in -the County of Derby.”</p> - -<p>Another plate is armorial. Burke gives the arms as or, three crescents, -within the horns of each an estoile gules. Crest a crescent and estoile, -as in the arms, between two eagles’ wings or. Motto: “Sidus ad sit -amicum.”</p> - -<p>William Bateman, of Middleton-by-Youlgrave, married Mary, daughter of -James Crompton of Brightmet, Lancashire. He died on 28th August, 1861, -at Lomberdale House, near Bakewell. William Bateman’s father and -grandfather had both done much towards founding the family library and -museum.</p> - -<p>A fine plate here illustrated is that of the Duke of Beaufort, from a -fine copy of the first edition of <i>Eikon Basilike</i>.</p> - -<p>Mr. H. B. Wheatley, of Pepys fame, has kindly written me the following -notes regarding Conduitt bookplate:—</p> - -<p>John Conduitt was born in the year of the Revolution, and was at -Westminster School in 1701, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, in</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_024"></a> -<a href="images/i_p090a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p090a_sml.jpg" width="311" height="429" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_025"></a> -<a href="images/i_p090d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p090d_sml.jpg" width="307" height="390" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_91" id="page_91">{91}</a></span></p> - -<p>1705. He was M.P. for Whitchurch 1715-34, after which he was elected for -Southampton. He was Master of the Mint 1727-37. He succeeded Sir Isaac -Newton, but previously to the death of Newton he relieved him of his -most onerous duties for some years. He married Mrs. Catherine Barton, -Newton’s niece, on 20th August, 1717.</p> - -<p>“His only daughter married Viscount Lymington, son of the first Earl of -Portsmouth, which accounts for the fact that Newton’s MSS., etc., are in -the possession of the Portsmouth family; also the magnificent portrait -of Newton by Kneller.</p> - -<p>“Conduitt wrote, in 1730, <i>Observations on the Present State of our Gold -and Silver Coins</i>, which came into the possession of Dean Swift, and -after remaining many years in MS. was published in 1774. Jevons praised -the work very highly.</p> - -<p>“Conduitt was buried in Westminster Abbey, close by Newton’s grave.</p> - -<p>“There is a scandal connected with Mrs. Catherine Barton which -biographers of Newton have generally agreed to ignore. She is known to -have kept house for Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax (who died in May, -1715), and is generally spoken of as his mistress by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_92" id="page_92">{92}</a></span> gossips of the -day. Augustus de Morgan wrote a book on the subject, which was published -after his death, and entitled, <i>Newton, his Friend, and his Niece</i>. -1885. In this De Morgan argued for the opinion which he had formed that -Lord Halifax (who died May, 1715) married Mrs. Barton privately about -April, 1706. He made out a fair case, but he could obtain no actual -evidence, and when Mrs. Barton married Conduitt she was described as a -spinster.”</p> - -<p>Of his own bookplate, here reproduced, Mr. Henry B. Wheatley, <small>F.S.A.</small>, -kindly writes to me:—</p> - -<p>“I gave Hamilton an account of its origin, which he printed in the -little book on members of the Society of Odd Volumes. The room -represented was on the back first floor of the house in Caroline Street, -Bedford Square, which had been built out for John Philip Kemble to -accommodate his fine collection of plays, now in the library of the Duke -of Devonshire. I used the room as my library during the six years I -lived in the house, and a very pleasant room it was, looking out upon -trees which occupied an open space between Caroline and Charlotte -Streets. It, with other houses, was pulled down soon after I left in -1889, and the</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_026"></a> -<a href="images/i_p092a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p092a_sml.jpg" width="275" height="406" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_027"></a> -<a href="images/i_p092d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p092d_sml.jpg" width="297" height="302" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>JAMES RAINE</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_93" id="page_93">{93}</a></span></p> - -<p>Bedford Mansions have been built on the site. Kemble lived in the house -from 1787 (when he married) to 1799, when he removed to a larger house -in Great Russell Street.”</p> - -<p>A good plate is the <i>ex libris</i> of Robert Surtees of Mainsforth, the -well-known antiquary and topographer. It was drawn by himself, and -engraved by Samuel John Neele, who was born in 1758 and died in 1824. -Surtees was born in the South Bailey of the ancient city of Durham in -1779. On 28th October, 1796, he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, -and took his M.A. in 1803. His father had just died, so he now settled -at Mainsforth, the family home. As an undergraduate at Oxford he was -already planning to record the history of his native shire.</p> - -<p>Settled at Mainsforth, he used to drive about the county with a groom; -and his friend and kindred spirit, James Raine, whose plate I give from -a book kindly lent me by the Rev. Prebendary Deedes, has recorded the -groom’s testimony that it was “weary work, for Master always stopped the -gig, and we never could get past an auld beelding.” Surtees suffered -from constant ill-health, but his house was always open to scholars and -antiquaries. He died at Mainsforth on February 11th, 1834.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_94" id="page_94">{94}</a></span></p> - -<p>This plate is in a volume of two tracts—one about Marston Moor, 1650. -On the inside of the end cover is a plate in the Bewick style: “T. Bell, -1797,” and the autograph facsimile “Thomas Bell.” This is no doubt the -bookplate of Thomas Bell, the antiquary, born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in -1785. He died in his native place in 1860, and his library, rich in -antiquarian lore, printed and in manuscript, was sold there after his -death.</p> - -<p>An armorial plate of the palm-branch manner is that of “Thomas Langton” -in a book of sermons by Richard Hurd, <small>D.D.</small>, 1788. As given by Burke, the -crest is an eagle displayed with two heads, vert, charged on the breast -with a trefoil, or. The motto is “Loyal au mort.”</p> - -<p>A curious succession of bookplates connected one with another is shown -in two volumes before me. One work is “<i>Vindiciæ Pietatis</i>: ... By R. A. -London: Printed in the year 1663.” The other is a book as far asunder as -the poles. It is catalogued “Des Livres, Estampes & Desseins, du -Cabinet.... Appartenent Au Baron Tessin, Marèchal de la Cour du Roy & -sur-intendent de Batiments & Jardins Royaux de Suede.... Stockholm, -1712.”</p> - -<p>The first volume has three bookplates, all<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_95" id="page_95">{95}</a></span> armorial. First, the plate -of Sir William Lee, Knight, with the motto “verum atque decens.” -“Mutlow, sculp., York Street, Covent Garden.” Then a smaller and -different plate, but by the same engraver, and with the same arms, -crest, and motto, but pertaining to “William Lee Antonie, Esqʳ.” After -this, again, comes the third <i>ex libris</i> in the book, and this is -without name engraving, but is evidently Lee quartering Fiott.</p> - -<p>John Fiott, a London merchant who died at Bath in 1797, married Harriet, -second daughter of William Lee, of Totteridge Park, Hertfordshire. Their -son John, fifth wrangler at St. John’s College, Cambridge, in 1805, and -LL.D. in 1816, assumed, in 1815, by royal licence, the name of Lee under -the will of William Lee Antonie, of Colworth House, Bedfordshire, his -maternal uncle. At the same time he acquired the estates of Colworth in -Bedfordshire, and Totteridge Park, Hertfordshire. He lived eighty-four -years, and in 1863, at the age of eighty, he was admitted a barrister of -Gray’s Inn. Between 1807 and 1810 he held a travelling bachelorship from -Cambridge, and made a learned tour through the Ionian Isles and other -parts. In 1828 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, -and he<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_96" id="page_96">{96}</a></span> left valuable collections to the Society. He was even more -interested in science than in antiquities, and in 1830 built an -observatory in the south portico of Hartwell House. Leaving no children, -his property passed to his brother, the Rev. Nicholas Fiott, who took -the surname of Lee. The Lee crest is a bear with a chain.</p> - -<p>Guillim has recorded: “Hee beareth Sable, a Beare passant, Argent.... -The Shee Beare is most cruelly imaged against any that shall hurt her -yong, or dispoile her of them: as the Scripture saith, in setting forth -the fierce anger of the Lord, that he will meete his aduersaries, as a -Beare robbed of her whelps. Which teacheth vs how carefull Nature would -haue vs to bee of the welfare of our children, sith so cruell beasts are -so tender harted in this kind.”</p> - -<p>“Vindiciæ Pietatis: ... By R. A. London: Printed in the year, 1663.” The -author of this precious volume was Richard Alleine, born in 1611 at -Ditcheat, in Somersetshire. In 1641 he became Rector of Batcombe in the -same county. The <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i> is for once induced -to warmly clothe the dry skeleton, with which it has usually tried to -make us content. “For twenty years Alleine</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_028"></a> -<a href="images/i_p096a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p096a_sml.jpg" width="245" height="358" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_97" id="page_97">{97}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">remained at Batcombe, and was idolized by his parishioners.... Vindiciæ -Pietatis ... refused license by Sheldon ... was published without ... -was rapidly bought up and did much to mend this bad world. Roger Norton, -the royal printer, caused a large portion of the first edition to be -seized on the ground of its not being licensed, and to be sent to the -royal kitchen. But, glancing over its pages, he was arrested by what he -read, and on second thoughts it seemed to him a sin that a book so holy -and so saleable should be killed. He therefore bought back the sheets, -says Calamy, for an old song, bound them, and sold them in his own -shop.”</p> - -<p>The closing lines of <i>Vindiciæ Pietatis</i> are: “But by the grace of God, -whilst God is a God of holinesse, whilst holinesse is the Image and -Interest of God, whilst these words of the Lord, Be ye holy, follow -holinesse, live righteously, soberly, and godly in this present world, -whilst these and the like words of the Lord, stand unrepeal’d, by the -Grace of God, I will be a Friend, an Advocate, a Confessor, a -Practitioner of Holinesse to the end of my days. This is my resolution, -and in this resolution I commit myself to God, and so come on me what -will.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_98" id="page_98">{98}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>So much for the first book of the two. The second—Baron Tessin’s -<i>Catalogue</i>—has two <i>ex libris</i>. The first is that of John Fiott before -he took the name of Lee. It is the plate of “John Fiott, B.A. / St. -John’s College, Cambridge, / 1806 /.” The plate shows a globe floating -in the air, with the Fiott arms engraved on it, and the crest, a horse -coupé, over it. Of course, as a wrangler he could not help being an -astronomer; but this indicates his early taste for studying the heavens.</p> - -<p>Of this crest Guillim tells us:—</p> - -<p>“A horse erected boult vpright may bee termed enraged, but his noblest -action is expressed in a saliant forme. This of all beasts for mans -vses, is the most noble and behoofefull either in Peace or Warre. And -sith his service and courage in the Field is so eminent, it may bee -maruelled why the Lion should be esteemed a more honourable bearing. But -the reason is because the horse’s seruice and strength is principally by -helpe of his Rider, whereas the Lion’s is his owne: and if the Horse be -not mounted, he fights auerse turning his heeles to his aduersary, but -the Lion encounters affront, which is more manly.”</p> - -<p>The Duke of Sussex used two plates amongst</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_029"></a> -<a href="images/i_p098a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p098a_sml.jpg" width="308" height="439" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>THE DUKE OF SUSSEX</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_99" id="page_99">{99}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">his books in Kensington Palace, one “Perkins and Heath. Patent Hardened -steel plate.” The main feature of this plate is a Knight of the Garter’s -chain forming a circle enclosing a lion on a coronet at the base of the -plate, a helmet on one side, and an owl on the other. The other plate is -here reproduced.</p> - -<p>A pretty armorial plate of about this time, the shield resting on -flowers, and a palm branch at each side, is the <i>ex libris</i> of “Charles -Gordon Esqʳ of Beldorny and Wardhouse.” Below the shield is engraved a -ribbon, but without any inscription. The motto—“in hoc spes mea”—is -fittingly over the crest, which is described as a cross crosslet -fitchée. The arms of Gordon of Beldorny are quarterly, first and fourth, -azure, a lion rampant argent between three boars’ heads erased of the -second; second and third, azure, three boars’ heads within a bordure -engrailed argent.</p> - -<p>Now for old Scotland—“Fraser of Ledeclune”; this is a splendid modern -<i>ex libris</i>. This plate is worthily found in a fine, large-paper copy of -“poems by goldsmith and parnell. london: printed by W. Bulmer and co. -Shakspeare Printing Office, cleveland row. 1795”. “To raise the art of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_100" id="page_100">{100}</a></span>Printing in this country from the neglected state ... to combine the -various beauties of Printing, Type-founding, Engraving, and -Paper-making; as well with a view to ascertain the near approach to -perfection which those arts have attained in this country, as to invite -a fair competition with the best Typographical Productions of other -nations.... The whole of the Types, ... are executed by Mr. William -Martin, in the house of my friend Mr. George Nicol, whose unceasing -endeavours to improve the art of Printing &c.... The ornaments are all -engraved on blocks of wood, by two of my earliest acquaintances, Messrs. -Bewicks, of Newcastle upon Tyne and London, ... I may venture to say, -without being supposed to be influenced by ancient friendship, that they -form the most extraordinary effort of the art of engraving upon wood, -that ever was produced in any age, or any country....” Of the paper it -is only necessary to say that it comes from the manufactory of Mr. -Whatman.</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p>Burke’s <i>General Armoury</i> gives:—</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p>“Quarterly, first and fourth, azure, a bend engrailed between three -cinquefoils (or frasiers), argent, a canton gyronny of eight or and -sable; second and third, argent, three antique crowns gules (the latter -quartering was given</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_030"></a> -<a href="images/i_p100a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p100a_sml.jpg" width="336" height="388" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_101" id="page_101">{101}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">to Sir Simon Frazer for having thrice saved the life of Robert Bruce at -the battle of Methven). Crest a buck’s head, erased gules. Supporters, -two stags proper, attired and unguled or, collared azure, pendent -therefrom an escutcheon gyronny of eight gold-and-sable, each resting -one foot on an anchor of the last. Motto: ‘Je suis prêt.’ The branches -of yew in the bookplate are the ancient badge of the clan Fraser. This -book has been beautifully bound, evidently by Kalthoeber.”</p> - -<p>“The Honourable Archibald Campbell Esqʳ. 1708” is engraved at the base -of an armorial plate, with mantling, and lions for supporters. This is -the plate of Archibald Campbell, second son of Lord Niel Campbell, who -was second son of Archibald, Marquis of Argyll. The owner of this plate -had a remarkable life. First, he is said to have taken part in the -rebellion headed by his uncle, the ninth Earl of Argyll, in 1685, and -then to have made his escape to Surinam.</p> - -<p>That fine old Tory, Dr. Samuel Johnson, says of him, that after his -youthful whiggish days “he kept better company and became a violent -tory.” On the 25th of August, 1711, he was consecrated a bishop at -Dundee by Bishops Rose, Douglas, and Falconer. He died in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_102" id="page_102">{102}</a></span> London in -1744. This plate is in his interleaved and copiously annotated copy of -the New Testament in Latin: “Theodore Beza’s, Londini excudebat Thomas -Vautrollerius, Typographus, 1581.” It belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates.</p> - -<p>The nice plate of “Campbell of Shawfield” gives a shield-of-arms, not -just corresponding with Burke’s <i>General Armoury</i>, which records: -Gyronny of eight or and sable, within a bordure of the first, charged -with as many crescents of the second. Crest a griffin erect, holding the -Sun between the forepaws. Motto: “Fidus amicis.”</p> - -<p>Campbell of Shawfield might be dubbed doubly Campbell, as being a time -back represented by Walter Frederick Campbell, of Islay and Shamfuld, -son of Colonel John Campbell and his wife Charlotte, youngest daughter -of John, Duke of Argyll.</p> - -<p>Guillim wrote: “This forme of helmet, placed sidelong and close, doth -Ger Leigh attribute to the dignity of a Knight, but in mine -understanding, it fitteth better the calling of an Esquier ... of these, -each Knight had two to attend him in the warres, withersoeuer he went, -who bare his helmet and shield before him; forasmuch, as they did hold -certaine lands</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_031"></a> -<a href="images/i_p102a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p102a_sml.jpg" width="314" height="486" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_103" id="page_103">{103}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">of him in scutage, as the Knight did hold of the King by Military -seruice.”</p> - -<p>This Campbell of Shawfield plate is in a copy of <i>The History of the -Siege of Toulon</i>.... Done from the French Copy, Printed at Paris, and -Dedicated to the French King. London ... at the Raven in Pater Noster -Row. 1708.</p> - -<p>“Hudson Gurney” was born in Norwich on the 19th of January, 1775, his -father being Richard Gurney, of Keswick Hall, Norfolk. Hudson Gurney was -indeed a proper man to have a bookplate, and he had several. He gave his -money generously to help the publication of works of antiquarian -interest. From 1822 to 1846 he was a Vice-President of the Society of -Antiquaries. He had a library of from ten to fifteen thousand volumes, -and was not content merely to have his books, but was an ardent reader. -He was also very ready to help others: he was kind, liberal, and -hospitable. He died on the 9th November, 1864. His family, as the -ancient Norman family of De Gournay, owned Keswick Hall and West -Barsham, both in Norfolk, for many centuries. The arms (see Burke): -Argent, a cross engrailed gules. The smaller bookplate, not reproduced -here, represents one crest of the family, namely,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_104" id="page_104">{104}</a></span> on a chapeau gules, -turned-up ermine, a gurnet fish in pale, with the head downwards.</p> - -<p>The Hastings bookplate is simply armorial with supporters, and -underneath it the inscription “Hastings.” The barony of Hastings, -created by Edward I. in 1290, having fallen into abeyance, the House of -Lords reported that Henry L’Estrange Styleman Le Strange, Esq., of -Hunstanton, Norfolk, and Sir Jacob Astley, Bart., were co-heirs to the -barony. Whereupon Sir Jacob had the abeyance terminated in his favour, -and was summoned to Parliament by writ in 1841 as Baron Hastings. On his -death, in 1859, he was succeeded by his elder son, Jacob Henry Delaval, -Baron Hastings, who died in 1871, and was succeeded by his brother, the -Vicar of East Barsham, in Norfolk. He died in September, 1872, and was -succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, who, however, dying in 1875, -unmarried, was succeeded by his next brother, George Manners. The arms -are: Quarterly, first, azure a cinquefoil pierced ermine within a -bordure, engrailed, or for Astley; second, argent a lion rampant gules -ducally crowned, or for Constable; third, argent two lions passant, -gules for L’Estrange; fourth, or a maunch, gules for Hastings. -Supporters, on either side a</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_032"></a> -<a href="images/i_p104a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p104a_sml.jpg" width="272" height="448" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_033"></a> -<a href="images/i_p104d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p104d_sml.jpg" width="345" height="372" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_105" id="page_105">{105}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">lion gules, ducally crowned, and gorged with a collar or, therefrom -pendent an escutcheon of the arms of Hastings. The motto is “Justitiæ -tenax.”</p> - -<p>Old Guillim illustrated the maunch, and wrote: “The Field is Topaze, a -Maunch Ruby. This Coat armour pertained to the honourable Family of -Hastings, Earles of Pembroke, and is quartered by the right Honourable -Henry Gray, now Earle of Kent. Of things of Antiquity, saith Leigh, that -are growne out of vse, this is one, which hath beene, and is taken for -the sleeue of a garment.”</p> - -<p>The view bookplate of the library of the Dean and Chapter of Winchester -is interesting. Beriah Botfield described the library as a long room -over the only remaining portion of the cloisters attached to that noble -building. It is curious to note that this bookplate is in a folio copy -of the <i>Reliquiæ Sacræ</i>, or writings of Charles I., and that many of the -chief books in the library were the generous bequest of Bishop Morley, -the friend of Charles I., and who, tradition says, helped the issue of -<i>Eikon Basilike</i>. The books are in the old open oak bookcases in which -they stood in the good bishop’s palace of Wolvesey. In the library is in -manuscript “A Catalogue of all the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_106" id="page_106">{106}</a></span> Bookes in his Lordship’s Library, -bequeathed by his Lordship’s Will to the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity -of Winchester; and which the longer his lordship lived, he declared by -his letters should be the more and not the fewer.”</p> - -<p>The bookplate in the Bewick style of the “Revᵈ T. Newcome. Brook sculp. -302 Strand.” is in an imperfect volume of an eighteenth-century -duodecimo edition of Samuel Butler’s <i>Hudibras</i>.</p> - -<p>Of cathedral libraries an interesting bookplate, and lent to me by Mr. -G. F. Barwick, is that of the Dean and Chapter of Chichester. The Rev. -Prebendary Deedes, of Chichester, has very kindly written to me the -following note:—</p> - -<p>“This is the earlier of the two bookplates used in the Cathedral -Library. That at present in use, which is substantially the same design, -has no embellishment and is not so well engraved.</p> - -<p>“See a paper on ‘The Arms of Chichester Cathedral’ in <i>Sussex Arch. -Transactions</i>, vol. xi., with illustrations from seals, now in the -possession of the Bishop or the Dean and Chapter. The design is intended -to represent our Lord as described by St. John the Divine in Revelation -i.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_034"></a> -<a href="images/i_p106a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p106a_sml.jpg" width="241" height="351" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_035"></a> -<a href="images/i_p106d_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p106d_sml.jpg" width="274" height="327" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_107" id="page_107">{107}</a></span></p> - -<p>The heralds of the seventeenth century mistook it for ‘Prester John,’ -the mythical Emperor of Abyssinia in the Middle Ages, and it is -sometimes so described in Heraldic Manuals. There is a difference of -treatment as to tinctures. The ‘field’ is, I believe, uniformly blue, -the throne gold, the figure usually gold, but occasionally white, which -my friend Dr. Codrington maintains is correct. The earlier seals -generally give a badge of the Holy Trinity, which is the Dedication of -the Cathedral. The motto—‘Liber monumente coram eo’—is the Vulgate -version of part of Malachi iii. 16.”</p> - -<p>Of about this date, with a garland surrounding the shield and crest at a -little distance, and two palm branches crossed, is the bookplate of the -“Revᵈ. Manley Wood. Middle Temple.” The family is of North Taunton, -Devon, and the arms, as given by Burke: Sable, three bars or; on a -canton gules, a demi-woodman, holding a club over the dexter shoulder -or. Crest a woodman proper, wreathed about the temples and loins vert, -holding in the dexter hand an olive branch of the last. This bookplate -of a Devon man is in a Devon book, and it is “down along” all over. It -bears the inscription: “W. Beal ex dono authoris. Plymouth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_108" id="page_108">{108}</a></span>” The book -is “the Plain Truth: ... By John Agate M.A.... Exon: Printed by Jos. -Bliss, and Sold by the Booksellers in Exon MDCCVIII.” I have only quoted -about a twentieth part of the title-page, but must give a scrap or two -from “To the Reader”: “Be it known, that supposing Mr. Wither had not -(as ’tis shamefully notorious he has) first broken the Peace, by drawing -me to the Press, yet his Harangue about Union and Moderation, is all -Banter and Grimace: for how ridiculous is an everlasting Cant and Din -about Peace and Union, from One who, ... if he does not Love, yet -manifestly lives by Divisions!...”</p> - -<p>The armorial bookplate with large margin of “The Rᵗ Honᵇˡᵉ The Earl of -Suffolk, is in a splendid folio large-paper copy of The Book of Common -Prayer.... Printed by Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel, printers to the -Universitie of Cambridge. Anno Dom. 1638. The latter half of the volume -is the Whole Book of Psalmes, Collected into English metre, by Th. -Sternhold, John Hopkins, and others, ... with apt notes to sing them -withall:”—the same printer and date. The whole volume being ruled in -red lines in the very effective way used with special copies, and bound -in fine</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_036"></a><a name="fig_037"></a> -<a href="images/i_p108b_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p108b_sml.jpg" width="213" height="456" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_109" id="page_109">{109}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">old black morocco, gilt extra, evidently by good Thomas Buck of -Cambridge town.</p> - -<p>The arms, with an earl’s coronet above, and lions for supporters, are -first, gules, a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchée, argent; on -the bend an escutcheon, or, charged with a demi-lion, rampant, pierced -through the mouth with an arrow, within a double tressure, flory-counter -flory, gules, for Howard; second, gules, three lions passant-guardant, -in pale or, and a label of three points, argent, for Thomas of -Brotherton; third, chequy, or and azure, for Warren; fourth, gules, a -lion rampant, argent, for Mowbray. Below the shield is the motto, “Nous -Maintiendrons.” The family of the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire comes -from the famous house of Howard, springing from Thomas, fourth Duke of -Norfolk and his second wife.</p> - -<p>In the <i>ex libris</i> of “HRH Princess Sophia” there seems something -delightfully simple and suitable to a virgin Princess. The Princess -Sophia, one of the numerous family of George III., was born in 1777, and -lived until 1848. This bookplate is a lesson in the art of simplicity. -It is in “Memoires du Prince Eugénie de Savoie ... A Londres 1811.”</p> - -<p>Here, also, is the bookplate of “Bulkeley<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_110" id="page_110">{110}</a></span> Bandinel DD Bodleian -Librarian, Oxford.” This little plate tells all that could be wished. It -is in a copy of the 1720 edition of Wishart’s <i>Montrose</i>, and has -Bandinel’s autograph. It has lately belonged to Mr. William Twopeny.</p> - -<p>I give also the plate of Philip Bliss, another famous custodian of -Bodley’s. In any of his books which had not his bookplate he had a -playful habit of marking the B sheet signature.</p> - -<p>The <i>ex libris</i> now mentioned is in a curious copy of a curious work. -“The North Briton ... London: Printed for J. Williams, near the Mitre -Tavern, Fleet Street. MDCCLXIII.” Two volumes bound in one, and -including all the forty-five numbers. The volume is bound in calf and -lettered “<i>poison for the Scotch</i>.” Inside is an armorial bookplate with -two winged monsters for supporters. It is evidently the bookplate of a -Fletcher. The arms that Burke gives are sable, a cross flory argent -between four escallops. Crest a bloodhound azure, ducally gorged or. The -motto is “Dieu pour nous.”</p> - -<p>“Robert Plumptre”<span class="lftspc">’</span>s bookplate gives argent, a chevron between two -mullets pierced in chief, and an amulet in base sable, the arms of -Plumptre; and the crest a phœnix or out</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_038"></a> -<a href="images/i_p110a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p110a_sml.jpg" width="273" height="378" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_111" id="page_111">{111}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">of flames proper. The motto given is “turpi secernere honestum.” Another -small shield-of-arms is placed over the Plumptre shield,</p> - -<p>Nottingham has been the chief abiding-place of the Plumptres for many -centuries.</p> - -<p>This bookplate is in a copy of œuvres de Mr. Pavillon de C’Academie -Francoise. a la Haye, ... 1715.</p> - -<p>There are two <i>ex libris</i> in a copy belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of -“Report of Proceedings ... Oyer & Terminer and Gaol Delivery. County of -York. held at the castle of York ... 1813.” The first is that of -“William Stretton Lenton Priory,” which words are engraved under a -simple armorial shield. Arms: argent, a bend engrailed sable, cotised -gules. The second plate has the inscription “Sempronius Stretton Lenton -Priory.” In this plate the shield, with different bearings from the -other, is represented as held by an eagle. This Sempronius Stretton of -Lenton Priory, in Nottinghamshire, was, I fancy, a colonel in the army; -and hanging just below the shield are two objects looking like war -medals.</p> - -<p>In a fine copy of Baxter’s <i>Anacreon</i>—a rare little work—is the -armorial plate “Brown” (Waterhaughs, County Ayr, 1806). Burke<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_112" id="page_112">{112}</a></span> gives: -Quarterly, first and fourth, gules, on a chevron between three -fleur-de-lis or, a ship sails furled sable, a bordure of the second; -second and third, gyronny of eight wavy, ermine and gules, for Campbell. -Crest a demi-lion proper, holding in his dexter paw a fleur-de-lis or.</p> - -<p>A good plate here given is that of Sir J. S. Stewart, Baronet.</p> - -<p>In a 1649 <i>Eikon Basilike</i> is a modern round bookplate of “John Bailey -Langhorne.” The arms were granted to the Langhornes of Bedfordshire 20th -January, 1610. Sable a cross argent; on a chief of the second three -bugle-horns of the field, stringed gules. Crest a bugle-horn sable, -stringed gules, between two wings expanded, argent.</p> - -<p>“John Warren, BA, LLB.” The name and, to some extent, the arms will -remind incidentally bookplate collectors of the first historian of -English bookplates. The motto is “tenebo.” The arms are chequy or and -azure; on a canton gules a lion rampant argent. Crest on a chapeau -gules, turned-up ermine, a wyvern argent, wings expanded, chequy or and -azure.</p> - -<p>“Thomas James Tatham,” an <i>ex libris</i> about fifty years old. Thomas -James Tatham lived in Bedford Place, Russell Square, and bore for</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_039"></a> -<a href="images/i_p112a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p112a_sml.jpg" width="369" height="479" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_113" id="page_113">{113}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">his own arms, argent, a chevron gules between three swans’ necks couped -sable. Crest, on a trumpet or, a swan with wings displayed sable. The -motto: “perseverance.”</p> - -<p>A bookplate very interesting from the identity of its owner is that of -“Henry Crabb Robinson,” the warm friend of Lamb, Coleridge, Wordsworth, -Southey, and a host of other interesting characters. He died at his -house, 30, Russell Square, on February 5th, 1867, at the good age of -ninety-one years.</p> - -<p>A sensible armorial plate is that inscribed at foot as “Right Honᵇˡᵉ. -Sir Robert Peel Bart,” and across the top “Drayton Manor.” The arms, as -granted to Robert Peel of Manchester, father of the first baronet, were: -Argent three sheaves of as many arrows proper, banded gules; on a chief -azure a bee volant or. Crest a demi-lion rampant argent, gorged with a -collar azure, charged with three bezants, holding between the paws a -shuttle or. Motto: “Industria.”</p> - -<p>“Robᵗ D Mayne,” a facsimile signature, is under a modern plate, where, -of course, both arms and motto have something to say about hands. The -arms are: Ermine, on a bend sable, three dexter hands couped argent. The -motto runs: “manus justa decus.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_114" id="page_114">{114}</a></span>”</p> - -<p>Of martial mottoes, “militavi non sine gloria” is a good specimen. It is -on the bookplate, about forty years old, which has under it the engraved -signature of “J Knight.” The crest is a spur between two wings.</p> - -<p>“Wynfield.” This is a shield with Wynfield arms—vert on a bend argent, -three crosses patonce sable, and a host of quarterings; also two crests, -one a lion’s head, and the other a falcon. The motto is “aut vincere aut -mori.”</p> - -<p>“William Holgate.” This is a plain armorial bookplate. Or, a bend -between two bulls’ heads, couped sable. The crest is, out of a mural -coronet argent, a bull’s head sable, gorged with a collar of the first, -charged with two bends gules.</p> - -<p>“T. A. Dale.” A very small shield, with simply the name underneath. Arms -of Dale of Rutlandshire, confirmed in 1602: Paly of six argent and -gules, on a chief azure three garbs or. Crest three Danish battle-axes -erect, handled or, headed argent, enfiled with a chaplet of roses of the -first.</p> - -<p>The bookplate, also armorial, with two palm leaves, of “Honᵇˡᵉ Edmund -Phipps.” The arms are, of course, the Normandy coat. Quarterly first and -fourth, sable, a trefoil slipped between eight mullets argent, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_115" id="page_115">{115}</a></span> -Phipps; second and third, paly of six argent and azure; over all a bend -gules for Annesley. Crest, a lion’s gamb erect sable holding a trefoil -slipped argent. This in a 1648 copy of <i>Eikon Basilike</i>.</p> - -<p>A pleasant variety in style is the plate of “George Cardale.” It is -evidently a real bookman’s bookplate. In good large letters on a scroll -around the shield are the words, “studendo et contemplando indefessus.” -In the arms and crest is seen the Cornish chough.</p> - -<p>An <i>Eikon Basilike</i>, 1648, with a bookplate, “Revᵈ Charles Chester.” -Below and beside the armorial shield is a neat design of two palm -leaves. The arms, ermine, on a chief sable a griffin passant or, armed -argent. Crest, a dragon passant argent, are those of Chester of Blabie -in Leicestershire, descended from an uncle of the first Sir Robert -Chester of Royston, who, as one of the gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to -King Henry VIII., received from that monarch a grant of the monastery of -Royston.</p> - -<p>“Fothergill sc” is on the <i>ex libris</i> of “Cecil D. Wray, A.M. / F.C.C. -Manchester.” Arms: azure, on a chief or, three martlets gules. Crest an -ostrich or. Motto: “et juste et<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_116" id="page_116">{116}</a></span> vray.” The Rev. Cecil Daniel Wray, -Canon of Manchester Collegiate Church, was son and heir of the Rev. -Henry Wray, of Brogden House, in Kelfield, Lincolnshire, and his wife -the daughter of George Lloyd, of Holm Hall, near Manchester.</p> - -<p>The Wrays come from Sir Christopher Wray, Lord Chief Justice of the -Court of Queen’s Bench in the days of Queen Bess.</p> - -<p>A pretty little plate, and not armorial, is that of “John T. Beer.” The -centre represents an open mouth of a well, with an owl perched on the -further edge of it. At each side of the well rise tropical palms. -Besides the name ribbon are these three inscriptions: “knowledge is -high,” “truth is straight,” “wisdom is wealth.”</p> - -<p>An unpretending <i>ex libris</i> is that of “Robert Buchanan Stewart.” These -words are inscribed on a circular strap enclosing a fancy monogram. -Below is “ubi thesaurus ibi cor.” Below are spaces for filling in -number, class, and case.</p> - -<p>As a good specimen of a Society’s bookplate may be given one engraved -for the “Royal Institute of British Architects. Tite Donation 1868.” Sir -William Tite, the architect of the Royal Exchange and of many great -buildings,</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_040"></a> -<a href="images/i_p116a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p116a_sml.jpg" width="379" height="451" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_117" id="page_117">{117}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">was born in 1798 in the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great, London, and -died at Torquay in 1873. He represented Bath in the House of Commons -from 1855 until his death. His valuable library of early English books -and other rarities was sold at Sotheby’s after his death.</p> - -<p>The Right Honorable Sir Gore Ouseley, Baronet, Grand Cordon of the -Persian Order of the Lion and Sun, and Grand Cross of the Imperial -Russian Order of St. Alexander Newski—a famous Oriental scholar, Fellow -of the Royal Society, and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries—was born -in 1770, and created a baronet in 1808. His wife was Harriott-Georgiana, -daughter of John Whitelocke, Esq. In 1810 Sir Gore Ouseley became -Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of -Persia, and afterwards at St. Petersburg. He died in 1844 at Hall Barn, -Beaconsfield, which had belonged to Edmund Waller, the poet, and which -he had twelve years before purchased from the poet’s descendant, Mr. -Waller of Farmington.</p> - -<p>“Whalley Hamerton” is a good idea in bookplates. It looks like unto a -picture of some fine old seal. Whale’s heads for Whalley. It is in a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_118" id="page_118">{118}</a></span>scarce book: Marshal Ney. Report of the trial ... Paris: Printed and -sold at Galignani’s ... 1815.</p> - -<p>“A fenwyke! a fenwyke” is the motto at the foot of a Fenwick bookplate, -probably Fenwick and Robinson. First and fourth, six martlets -counterchanged, three cinquefoils. The Fenwicks were an intrepid race -haunting the northern borders, and the proud House of Percy never went -to battle without the valiant Fenwicks to help them.</p> - -<p>“Richard Clark Esqʳ. Chamberlain of London.” Such are the words engraved -below the plain armorial plate. Argent on a bend gules three swans -proper, between as many pellets, a canton sinister azure charged with a -demi-ram mounting of the first, armed or between two fleur-de-lis in -chief of the last; on it a baton dexter of the field. The motto is “est -modus in rebus.”</p> - -<p>Guillim remarks: “The Swan is a Birde of great Beautie, and strength -also: and this is reported in Honour of Him, that hee vseth not his -strength, to Prey or tyrannize ouer any other Fowle, but onelie to be -reuenged on such as first offer Him wrong; in which case he often -subdueth the Eagle.”</p> - -<p>A good <i>ex libris</i>, engraved perhaps about 1820, and in an 1824 copy of -<i>Eikon Basilike</i>, is</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_041"></a> -<a href="images/i_p118a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p118a_sml.jpg" width="234" height="303" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_119" id="page_119">{119}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">the bookplate of “Harry Kerby Pott.” The motto is “fortis et astutus.” -The arms are: azure, two bars or, over all a bend of the last. The crest -a leopard, or ounce, sejant proper, collared, lined and ringed azure. -According to the Herald’s College, these arms were granted in 1583.</p> - -<p>The quite modern, fantastic plate of “Thomas Bradshaw. Stackhouse. -Settle.” seems to represent Father Time with his scythe; and Father Time -seems to be expressed as an old man in a hurry, who has learnt to fly -without wings. This plate is in a Yorkshire West Riding poll-book of -1838, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates.</p> - -<p>A very pleasing modern non-armorial plate is “George Parker -Heathcote”<span class="lftspc">’</span>s. In a prettily formed rectangular frame is seen an angel -holding a shield and pointing to the monogram “G P H”, which occupies -the shield. The names in full are round the framework. This plate is in -a volume of the Camden Society.</p> - -<p>Appropriately, in a copy belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of Poulson’s -Holderness, Hull, 1840, is a bookplate of a member of a family that -hails from Knaresborough. “John Rhodes” is the facsimile signature at -the foot of the plate, below the motto “ung durant ma<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_120" id="page_120">{120}</a></span> vie.” The arms -are: argent on a cross engrailed, between four lions rampant gules, as -many bezants. Crest a leopard sejant or, spotted sable, collared and -ringed argent.</p> - -<p>Two nineteenth-century <i>ex libris</i>—one of “Thomas Tindal Methold,” and -the other of “Henry Methold.” The Methold arms are: azure six escallops -or. The crest is a goat’s head erased argent, attire and beard sable. -The Metholds, or Methuolds, are an old Norfolk family.</p> - -<p>A simple nineteenth-century <i>ex libris</i> is that of “Christopher -Roberts,” with the motto “un roy une foy une loy.” The arms, granted on -2nd June, 1614, to Roberts of Truro, Cornwall, are: azure, on a chevron -argent, three mullets pierced sable. Crest a demi-lion azure holding a -mullet argent, pierced sable.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_121" id="page_121">{121}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI<br /><br /> -<small>BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA</small></h2> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">S</span>IXTY years ago the intelligent European reader would have rubbed his -eyes and looked at his feet to be sure that they were not where his head -ought to be, if told that American readers formed, in a marked degree, a -very large class to whom publishers and authors should look for sympathy -and encouragement. That is all changed now, and there is probably no -country in the world where books, and all that is implied in that magic -word, arouse so keen an interest.</p> - -<p>It will not be out of place to pause and think of the honoured names of -a few of those who have helped to prepare the road for this change. Of -course, some seeds of good fruit were sown many generations before. -Passing over Sir Walter Raleigh, colonist and author, we reach, in a few -years, George Sandys, poet and colonist, one of the brave companions of -Captain John Smith.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_122" id="page_122">{122}</a></span></p> - -<p>John Smith was a member of the council of the 105 emigrants who on -December 19th, 1606, set out from Blackwall to found a colony in -Virginia. Combining prudence with intrepid enterprise, he became the -trusted founder and leader of the colony. In one expedition inland in -December, 1607, he was taken prisoner by the Indians, and is said to -have been rescued by the intervention of Pocahontas, the Indian -Princess.</p> - -<p>George Sandys, son of the Archbishop of York, born in 1578, two years -before John Smith, was, in 1611, named as one of the “Undertakers” in -the third Virginia charter, and in 1621 was made Treasurer of the -Virginia Company, not very long before the colony was taken over by the -Crown. What is to the point of our story is that, in his colony home on -the banks of James River, he translated Ovid’s <i>Metamorphoses</i>, -dedicated to Charles I., and published in folio in London in 1626.</p> - -<p>In 1623 the Rev. William Morrell, armed with a commission to superintend -the churches there, went out in Captain Robert Gorges’ expedition to -Massachusetts, lived at Plymouth there one year, and, returning to -England, published in London, in 1525, in quarto, Latin hexameters, with -a translation into English<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_123" id="page_123">{123}</a></span> heroic verse, and entitling the book: -“New-England, or a briefe Enarration of the Ayre, Earth, Water, Fish, -and Fowles of that Country. With a Description of the ... Habits and -Religion of the Natives.”</p> - -<p>In 1629 William Wood emigrated from England to Massachusetts, and after -staying there about four years, he came back to England, and in 1634 -published his “New England’s Prospect: A true, lively, and experimentall -Description of that part of America commonly called New England: -Discovering the State of that Countrie, both as it stands to our -new-come English Planters and to the old Native inhabitants: Laying -downe that which may both enrich the Knowledge of the mind-travelling -Reader, or benefit the future Voyager, London, by Thomas Cotes for John -Bellamie. 1634.”</p> - -<p>The author soon went back to the colony, became a representative in the -State Legislature, became the chief founder of Sandwich in Plymouth -Colony, and died there in 1639.</p> - -<p>Of the youth of Roger Williams, the next colonist author, a curious -incident is recorded: “He attended trials in the Court of Star Chamber, -in order to take down notes of them in a shorthand.” Many will recall at -once,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_124" id="page_124">{124}</a></span> how often working as a reporter, has led to a literary career. In -this connection the name of Charles Dickens, and a host of other -authors, occur at once.</p> - -<p>In 1626 Roger Williams took his B.A. degree from Pembroke College, -Cambridge; and on December 1st, 1630, he embarked from Bristol in a ship -named the <i>Lyon</i>, and after a voyage of over two months, reached -Nantasket February 5th, 1631. He had been ordained in England; but -neither in the old country nor the new did his ideas of a Church and -Church government generally agree with the views of those in authority.</p> - -<p>In January, 1636, he was cited by Boston, but declining to appear, -Captain John Underhill was despatched to Salem with a sloop to arrest -him and put him aboard ship for England. Receiving a hint from Winthrop -“to arise and flee into the Narrohiganset’s country, free from English -Pattents,” with a few companions he “steered his course for the land of -the Narragansett Indians, being sorely tossed for one fourteen weeks in -a bitter winter season, not knowing what bread or bed did mean.” In 1639 -he became an Anabaptist, was duly immersed, and founded the first -Baptist church in Providence—the mother of 18,000 Baptist<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_125" id="page_125">{125}</a></span> churches in -America. In a few months he completely separated from the Baptists, and -became a “Seeker.” His whole life and journeys to and from the old -country cannot be followed here. He lived till 1683, “preaching the -Gospel of Christ, not only to his own people, but to the Children of the -Forest, who received the Missionary, and loved the Man.” Some of his -chief published works were:—</p> - -<p>“A key into the Language of America, or an Help to the Language of the -Natives in that Part of America called New England; together with Briefe -Observations of the Customes, Manners and Worships of the aforesaid -Natives in Peace and Warre, in Life and Death, London, Gregory Dexler, -1643.”</p> - -<p>“The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, discussed in -a Conference ... 1644.”</p> - -<p>“Experiments of Spiritual Life and Health and their Preservatives. -London 1652.”</p> - -<p>“George Fox digg’d out of his Burrowes, or an Offer of Disputation on -fourteen Proposals made this last Summer, 1672, (so call’d) unto G. Fox, -then present on Rode Island, in New England. Boston. Printed by John -Foster 1676.”</p> - -<p>John Winthrop, born on January 12th, 1588,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_126" id="page_126">{126}</a></span> at Edwardston in Suffolk, -was one of the twelve signatories at Cambridge on August 26th, 1629, to -the document which practically made Massachusetts self-governing. Those -who signed undertook to set sail with their families to inhabit and -continue in New England, provided that the whole government, together -with the patent for the plantation, be first by an order of court -legally transferred and established, to remain with us and others which -shall inhabit upon the said plantation. Shortly John Winthrop was -elected to be governor, and in March of the next year sailed from -England. His literary character was in evidence even throughout the -voyage, as the famous diary was then begun, and also in his journey -across the seas he wrote a little manual, the manuscript of which now -belongs to the New York Historical Society, and is called <i>Christian -Charitie. A Modell hereof</i>.</p> - -<p>Now we come to talk of a man who is perhaps the most interesting figure -in early American authorship. John Eliot, the Indian apostle, born in -Herefordshire in 1604, took his degree at Cambridge in 1622, and -afterwards entered Holy Orders. He landed at Boston, New England, in -1631. On November 5th, 1632, he was made a “teacher of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_127" id="page_127">{127}</a></span> Church at -Roxbury, and held this post until his death at Roxbury on May 20th, -1690.” In the meanwhile, between 1632 and 1690, John Eliot had, amongst -other vast labours, translated the whole Bible into native Indian; but -to be more precise: First came the New Testament in 1661, and a second -edition in 1680. In 1663 the whole Bible, first edition, and in 1685 the -second edition. These wonderful works were published at Cambridge, in -New England. He also helped in the preparation of the English Metrical -version of the Psalms, the first book printed in New England. This was -known as the Bay Psalm-book, and was printed by Stephen Daye in 1640. -Everett declared of him: “Since the death of the Apostle Paul, a nobler, -truer, and warmer spirit than John Eliot never lived.”</p> - -<p>Again, Mather wrote of him: “He that would write of Eliot, must write of -Charity, or say nothing.”</p> - -<p>Richard Baxter, another contemporary, recorded: “There was no man on -earth whom I honour’d above him.”</p> - -<p>The credit for the first really original work published in America seems -to belong to Anne Bradstreet, whose maiden name was Anne Dudley, her -father, Thomas Dudley, becoming<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_128" id="page_128">{128}</a></span> Governor of Massachusetts. She was born -in Northamptonshire, and at the early age of sixteen married Simon -Bradstreet, and in 1630 went with him to America. Her husband became -Governor of Massachusetts in 1680.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Anne Bradstreet’s poems were first published in 1640, under the -title of “Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and -Learning, full of delight; wherein especially is contained a compleat -Discourse and Description of the Four Elements, Constitutions, Ages of -Man, and Seasons of the Year, together with an exact Epitome of the -Three first Monarchies, viz: The Assyrian, Persian, and Grecian; and the -beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to the end of their last King, with -divers other pleasant and serious Poems: by a Gentlewoman of New -England.”</p> - -<p>This is not a treatise on history, and we must pass on to later days, -and soon find firm ground with American-born literary men and women.</p> - -<p>Jonathan Edwards, born at Windsor, in Connecticut, became a student at -Yale College in 1716. Already, at thirteen years old, he was reading -Locke on <i>The Human Understanding</i>, “with a keener delight than a miser -feels when gathering up handfulls of silver and gold<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_129" id="page_129">{129}</a></span> from some -newly-discovered treasure.” The greatest of his many writings was “A -careful and Strict Inquiry into the modern prevailing notion that -Freedom of Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency,” and this -work has been described as undoubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic -theology. Edwards’ father had been fifty years minister of a church in -America, and his ancestors first emigrated from England in Queen -Elizabeth’s days; but the origin of Benjamin Franklin, to whom we come -now, was much humbler.</p> - -<p>His father, Josiah Franklin, came from England, and started in Boston as -a tallow chandler. Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17th, 1706, and -when ten years old his father took him home from school to cut wicks for -the candles! The boy became anxious for the life of a sailor; but the -father, with what now, looking back, we may call happy instinct, -apprenticed Benjamin to his elder brother, James, who, just returned -from a voyage to London, had, in 1717, set up a printing-press in -Boston.</p> - -<p>This change brought Benjamin at once within reach of reading, and as -what is here written relates wholly to books, the following words of -Benjamin Franklin, written to a son of Cotton<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_130" id="page_130">{130}</a></span> Mather in his later -years, are worth repeating: “When I was a boy, I met a book entitled -<i>Essays to do Good</i>, which I think was written by your father. It had -been so little regarded by its former possessor that several leaves of -it were torn out, but the remainder gave me such a turn of thinking as -to have an influence upon my conduct through life; for I have always set -a greater value on the character of a doer of good than any other kind -of reputation: and if I have been, as you seem to think, a useful -citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that book.”</p> - -<p>In 1724, with aid from Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, -Benjamin Franklin came to England with the object of obtaining and -bringing over a printing-press and all materials for himself; but not -succeeding in this, he stayed two years in London, working at his trade, -and at this time, 1725, he published <i>A Dissertation on Liberty and -Necessity, Pleasure and Pain</i>. This publication is not in any old -collection of Franklin’s writings, and even now only one copy seems to -be known.</p> - -<p>In 1730 Benjamin founded the Public Library in Philadelphia. In 1753 he -became Postmaster-General for British America. In 1743 he had originated -the American Philosophical Society,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_131" id="page_131">{131}</a></span> and in 1749 he became the real -founder of the University of Pennsylvania. The year 1752 saw the -verification of his theory identifying lightning with electricity. After -the Declaration of Independence Franklin was, in 1776, appointed -Minister Plenipotentiary to France. In 1785 he became President of the -Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 sat with Washington and -Hamilton in the Federal Convention which framed the Constitution of the -United States. On his death, on April 17th, 1790, Mirabeau announced in -the General Assembly of France: “The genius which had freed America, and -poured a flood of light over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the -Divinity.”</p> - -<p>Nicolas Trübner, in the interesting Introduction to his <i>Guide to -American Literature</i>, London, 1859, points out that until 1793 no -American devoted himself exclusively to literature as a profession. In -this year Charles Brockden Brown’s first novel appeared. The title of -this was <i>Wieland; or, the Transformation</i>. The author was born in -Philadelphia in 1771.</p> - -<p>The great historian William Hickling Prescott, whose grandfather, -Colonel William Prescott, commanded at Bunker’s Hill, was born at<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_132" id="page_132">{132}</a></span> -Salem, in Massachusetts, in 1796. In 1814 he graduated from Harvard with -honours, although in 1811, his first year at Harvard, he had lost the -sight of one eye, and shortly afterwards the other eye was seriously -affected in sympathy with it. This unfortunate accident was caused by a -blow from a crust of bread thrown at random at a college dinner. The -years from 1815 to 1817 he spent in England, “delighting not the less in -the charms of nature because by him they could be seen only” as through -a glass, darkly. He returned, resolved “that the ample page of -knowledge, rich with the spoils of time,” if obscured to his external -organs, should be no stranger to his intellectual vision.</p> - -<p>In 1837 his first great work, <i>The History of Ferdinand and Isabella</i>, -was finished. With inborn modesty he did not mean it to be published; -but his father, Judge William Prescott, of course insisted on its -publication, and soon it was published, not only in the author’s own -tongue, but in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, in the respective -languages of those lands. In 1843 appeared <i>The History of the Conquest -of Mexico</i>, and in 1847 his <i>History of the Conquest of Peru</i>. Next came -the first volumes of the great work which Prescott was<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_133" id="page_133">{133}</a></span> never destined -to finish. In 1855 were published the two first volumes of <i>The History -of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain</i>, and in December, -1858, appeared the third volume. Early in the year he had been attacked -by a slight stroke of paralysis. Early in the next year this was -followed by a second, and he passed away on January 28th, 1859. In a -conversation only forty-eight hours before his death he spoke of various -friends, and particularly of George Ticknor, whom he described as -“having shortened and brightened what, but for him, must have been many -a sad and weary hour.” Asked if he was not coming to New York, he said: -“No; I suppose that the days of my long journeys are over. I must -content myself, like Horace, with my three houses. You know I go at the -commencement of summer to my cottage by the seaside at Lynn Beach; and -at autumn to my patrimonial acres at Pepperell, which have been in our -family for two hundred years, to sit under the old trees I sat under -when a boy; and then with winter come down to hibernate in this house. -This is the only travelling, I suppose, that I shall do until I go to my -long home.”</p> - -<p>George Ticknor, to whom the dying historian<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_134" id="page_134">{134}</a></span> Prescott made such -interesting allusion, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, on August 1st, -1791, and from early childhood displayed a passion for books. He became -a barrister, but could not long keep away from literature and learning. -In 1815 he came to Europe, and haunted some of the best libraries and -universities of the Old World. Actually, before his return home to -America, he was, in 1817, appointed Smith Professor of Modern Languages -and Literature in Harvard College. In 1819 he returned to America, and -for fifteen years held this chair of teaching, delivering all the while -the most valuable courses of lectures. In 1835 he gave up his -professorship in order to go again to Europe and study for preparing his -great book. After three years he came back to his native land, and, in -1849, <i>The History of Spanish Literature</i> was first published in New -York by Harper and Brothers, in London by John Murray.</p> - -<p>Of it Washington Irving wrote to the author: “No one that has not been -in Spain can feel half the merit of your work, but to those who have it -is a perpetual banquet. It is well worth a lifetime to achieve such a -work.”</p> - -<p>Washington Irving, almost the first author<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_135" id="page_135">{135}</a></span> noticed as a native of the -city of New York, was born on April 3rd, 1783. His father was a Scot, -and his mother English. Passing over interesting publications like -<i>Salmagundi; or, The Whim-Whams</i>, and Diedrich Knickerbocker’s <i>History -of New York</i>, we come to <i>The Sketch Book</i>, first issued in 1819. -Curiously enough, Washington Irving, as a fact, wrote the MS. for this -in England; but it was at first only printed and published in New York. -Incidentally, Lockhart, in <i>Blackwood’s Magazine</i>, February, 1820, paid -a high compliment:—</p> - -<p>“We are greatly at a loss to comprehend for what reason Mr. Irving has -thought fit to publish his <i>Sketch Book</i> in America earlier than in -Britain; but, at all events, he is doing himself great injustice by not -having an edition printed here of every number after it has appeared in -New York. Nothing has been written for a long time for which it would be -more safe to promise great and eager acceptance.”</p> - -<p>Washington Irving’s fame was now secure, and these few concluding words, -from Allibone, must suffice: “When <i>Bracebridge Hall</i> was ready for the -press, in 1822, Mr. Murray was ready to offer 1,000 guineas for the -copyright<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_136" id="page_136">{136}</a></span> without having seen the MS. He obtained the coveted prize at -his offer, and subsequently gave the same author £2,000 for the -chronicle of <i>The Conquest of Granada</i>, and 3,000 guineas for the -<i>History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus</i>.”</p> - -<p>Very few words here must be written of John Lothrop Motley, born in -Massachusetts in 1814. It is enough to mention his splendid work, <i>The -History of the Rise of the Dutch Republic</i>. Now, from what is gone -before, it will readily be granted that America was well prepared, by -the work of her own sons, to take a proud position in Literature, and in -concluding these introductory remarks only one honoured name shall be -mentioned further.</p> - -<p>Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, on February -27th, 1807, and was descended from William Longfellow, who, born in -Hampshire, England, in 1651, emigrated to Massachusetts. The chief -incidents of the life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow are like household -words, and to think of all that is pure and noble in America without -naming him, is impossible. All his writings are instinct with the breath -of a pure and noble life.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_137" id="page_137">{137}</a></span></p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Softly the Angelus sounded, and over the roofs of the village<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense ascending,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and contentment.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Thus dwelt together in love those simple Acadian farmers,—<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they free from<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of republics.<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows;<br /></span> -<span class="i1">But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of the owners;<br /></span> -<span class="i1">There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in abundance.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>Naturally we turn, at first, to look at books taken to America by early -English and Dutch settlers. They and their near descendants, when using -a bookplate at all, mostly adopted an armorial plate. Copper-plate -engraving was, of course, in vogue then, and most of their <i>ex libris</i> -are from copper-plates. There are a few from wood-blocks. Of -comparatively late plates, some are steel plates; but the copper are -usually the more satisfactory; the steel being so difficult to work. In -comparing a number of the earlier specimens of bookplates in America an -interesting point involuntarily arises. From which<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_138" id="page_138">{138}</a></span> of two views is an -<i>ex libris</i> the more interesting? Is it a work of art or a piece of -history? In spite of all that skilled designers and cunning workers in -metals may say, the majority will probably value most what for want of a -better name may be called the historical aspect. When the Tudor, Stuart, -and Guelph Exhibitions were held in London, somewhat unfortunately so -many of the expert critics, in writing of portraits, groups, or -historical scenes, seemed only able to write from a pure art point of -view. As an instance, not connected with any exhibition, I had, but am -afraid that I have lost it, a somewhat seedy-looking oil painting, -perhaps 18 × 12 inches, which depicted an earnest, bent old figure on -horseback returning the salute of a wonder-struck old countryman and his -good dame. Following the keen old horseman is another horse, bearing the -groom with despatch-bag. The scene is, in fact, a contemporary -representation from life of “The Duke” just before passing out of -Birdcage Walk for Apsley House. In the left background is the Wellington -Monument, as many of us remember it, and on the right the Hercules -statue. These accessories fix the date as in the last few years of the -great Duke’s life.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_139" id="page_139">{139}</a></span></p> - -<p>What thousand-guinea portrait, plastered with elaborate uniform and -robes and saturated with a learned artist’s technical postures and -perfections, could have so perfectly pourtrayed the most interesting -figure ever seen in London half a century ago? Field-Marshal Moltke was -respected throughout Germany as Der Schweiger—the Silent. Wellington, -too, and the late Lord Salisbury as well, did not revel in long-winded -talk. Once, in the Duke’s last years, he had become very unpopular with -the ignorant crowd. Stepping out of the House of Lords into Old Palace -Yard, he was met by the howls and threats of an angry mob. His groom was -there with the aged Duke’s horse for him to ride home as usual. By a -sign, sending away horse and groom, the calm old veteran walked into and -with the mob. Before he and they came to Apsley House, the wild threats -and jeers had become good British cheers. The old man spoke no single -word, but only pointed to his study windows, which had lately been -barred up owing to a mob breaking the glass.</p> - -<p>I bought this painting from Charles Dickens’ friend, old Mrs. Haines, as -it hung in her inner parlour or sanctum. I also bought from the old lady -an old crockery clock-case, depicting<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_140" id="page_140">{140}</a></span> the young Pretender and Flora -MacDonald; also a separate figure of Flora MacDonald. The old dame -talked the while of her recollections of uninteresting (!) folk, such as -Lord Byron and Charles Dickens. To hear her talk of her own father, a -Thames waterman, landing Byron at the Tower stairs, carried one in fancy -almost back to Wenceslaus Hollar’s London, with its picturesque -quaintness. Describing Dickens’ appearance when first he came to London, -she spoke of him as having somewhat the look of a groom. Then she -pointed with pride to the plain chair in which Dickens, in later years, -spent many an hour of many a day reading her husband’s library books.</p> - -<p>This house, No. 24, Fetter Lane, has long been pulled down, and the -foregoing remarks are from my memory of my last call there about -nineteen years ago. In an article shortly afterwards (5th January, 1884) -in the <i>Pall Mall Gazette</i>—I have just looked it up in one of my -commonplace books—are many curious particulars, and two good -illustrations: “The walls are lined all round with books that have long -been forgotten by the world, all arranged with some attention to -regularity. A little angular counter protects them from the profane -touch of curio-hunters. This is covered with<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_141" id="page_141">{141}</a></span> old books, prints, -tarnished silver, glass cases, tattered engravings, and paintings -cracked and stained. In one corner Dame Haines sat down. ‘Here,’ she -said, ‘I have seen Dickens sit many hundreds of times, and here he used -to lean his shoulder on the counter. Ah!’ she went on, making a movement -with her hands, and with ecstasy expressed on every one of her wrinkled -features, ‘I can see him now, with his pleasant face, his quiet, -rippling laugh and his gentle ways.”</p> - -<p>Now, the earlier bookplates hailing from the more northern colonies of -America differ generally from those of southern colonies. Most of the -early northern families were of stern, unimaginative mettle, rather -despising as unholy anything so “worldly” as an <i>ex libris</i>, and -bringing few such <i>gewgaws</i> with them in their trunks. On the other -hand, what bookplates they in time adopted were home-made, and if not -fine works of art, they were of essential interest as a bit of history.</p> - -<p>The southern colonies, on the other hand, were frequented by a more -polished and wealthy class, bringing along with them the trappings and -social trinkets of their old society.</p> - -<p>Mr. E. N. Hewins, in his extremely valuable<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_142" id="page_142">{142}</a></span> treatise on American -bookplates, gives the book-label of the Rev. John Williams, dated 1679, -as the earliest dated example. This is particularly interesting, as the -said John Williams was a native. He was born at Roxbury, in -Massachusetts, his grandfather having settled there in about the year -1638.</p> - -<p>John Williams graduated at Harvard in 1683, was ordained in 1688, and -became the first pastor of Deerfield, a frontier town. On the night of -February 28th, 1704, Deerfield was attacked by about 300 French and -Indians. A great number of citizens were captured; two of John Williams’ -children and a negro servant were killed; and then he, with his wife and -remaining children, were forced to march for Canada. On the second day -out, his wife, falling exhausted, was at once slain with a tomahawk. -Urged on, they marched 300 miles to their destination.</p> - -<p>After a long while John Williams was ransomed, and came back to his -faithful charge of Deerfield in 1706. One daughter, Eunice, was still -kept a captive, and her after history was very remarkable. She was only -a child of eight when captured; but in time she forgot the English -language, became a Roman Catholic, and married an Indian. She lived to<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_143" id="page_143">{143}</a></span> -a great age, and several times visited her relations, but refused to -give up any of the habits or dress of Indian life.</p> - -<p>Another early native-wrought label <i>ex libris</i> is that dated 1704 for -the books of Thomas Prince. He, too, was of an old stock, his -grandfather having emigrated from Hull in 1633.</p> - -<p>Thomas Prince became pastor of the Old South Church in Boston. A fine -scholar and linguist, he made valuable collections, both manuscript and -in print. Some of these stored in the tower of the Old South Church, of -great interest for the early history of America, were unfortunately -destroyed by the British forces in 1775.</p> - -<p>Now we find a bookplate known to have been engraved on copper by a -native engraver.</p> - -<p>Nathaniel Hurd, whose grandfather, emigrating from England, settled in -Charlestown, Massachusetts, was probably the first American who engraved -copper-plates. His best designs had humour and character. One of his -well-known plates represents Hudson, the forger, in the pillory. He -engraved a seal for Harvard University. Hurd was born in 1730, and only -lived to 1777.</p> - -<p>Hewins gives Hurd’s plate of Thomas<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_144" id="page_144">{144}</a></span> Dering, 1749, as the first American -plate by an American engraver which is both signed and dated.</p> - -<p>Much interest among bookplate collectors has, of course, centred round -the plate of George Washington, both on account of its being George -Washington’s, and being rare. It is a good armorial Chippendale plate. -Learned inquirers have failed to establish who engraved it, and on which -side of the broad Atlantic!</p> - -<p>The plate of the next worthy to be named is a fine armorial <i>ex libris</i> -with the motto: “nec elatus nec dejectus.” The owner of this plate was -Isaiah Thomas, born in Boston in 1749, and dying at Worcester, also in -Massachusetts, in 1831; he was, at six years old, apprenticed to -Zachariah Fowler, ballad printer. In 1770 Thomas became partner with his -former master. Together they issued the <i>Massachusetts Spy</i>, “open to -all parties, but influenced by none.” Thomas was soon left alone in his -undertakings. A few days before the battle of Lexington, in which he -bore his part, he packed up his press and types, and took them by night -to Worcester. There he resumed the issue of the <i>Spy</i>, which, at all -events in 1888, was still being regularly issued. In 1786 he got from -Europe the first<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_145" id="page_145">{145}</a></span> fount of music ever used in New England. In 1788 he -opened a book store in Boston. In 1791 he issued the Bible in folio. He -gave his own fine collection of books, amounting to 8,000 volumes, to -the Worcester Antiquarian Library.</p> - -<p>Of him William Lincoln wrote; “His reputation will rest on manly -independence, which gave through the initiatory stage and progress of -the Revolution, the strong influence of the press he directed, towards -the cause of freedom, when royal flattery would have seduced, and the -power of government subdued, its action.”</p> - -<p>The wreath and armorial bookplate of John Quincy Adams, sixth President -of the United States, is almost more pleasing to behold than one could -expect to have been chosen by one of the very sternest old Puritans that -ever breathed; but, after all, John Quincy Adams was a scholar and man -of affairs, who from early boyhood had travelled much, and in good -company. All this would give him some ideas of good taste. “J. Q. A.” -seems to lead involuntarily to the thought of another wreath and -armorial bookplate of a not less interesting character.</p> - -<p>The lawyer, Josiah Quincy, was born in 1744,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_146" id="page_146">{146}</a></span> in Boston, and died at sea -in 1775; but much happened in that short spell of years. He was one of -the first to say in plain terms, “that an appeal to arms, followed by a -separation from the mother-country, was inevitable.” Early in 1773, when -already suffering from consumption, he took a voyage under doctor’s -orders; but, returning to Boston, he was present in the Old South -Meeting-house on December 16th, and as the men, disguised as Indians, -rushed past the door on their way to the tea-ships, he exclaimed: “See -the clouds which now rise thick and fast upon our horizon, the thunders -roll and the lightnings play, and to that God who rides on the whirlwind -and directs the storm, I commit my country.”</p> - -<p>The plate, with armorial shield and crest, of Dr. John Jeffries may be -remembered, though no draughtsman or engraver’s name is tied to it, as -the bookplate of the man who, in Boston, in 1789, delivered the first -lecture on anatomy ever given in New England.</p> - -<p>We may turn now from surgeons to a doctor of divinity. The plate of -Samuel Farmar Jarvis, <small>D.D.</small>, here reproduced from my copy of Bingley’s -<i>Voyagers</i>—in which Jarvis has written: “To my dear Edrica Faulkner a -small token of regard from her affectionate</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><a name="fig_042"></a> -<a href="images/i_p146a_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_p146a_sml.jpg" width="278" height="409" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_147" id="page_147">{147}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">friend Saml Farmer Jarvis. Siena, Septemb, 24. 1832.”—is described by -Hewins as: “Armorial. Literary. Mottoes ‘Hora e sempre,’ and ‘Sola salus -servire Deo.’ The shield rests against a pile of books, and, above, the -cross and crown are seen in a blaze of glory.”</p> - -<p>S. F. Jarvis, son of the bishop, was born at Middletown, in Connecticut, -in 1786, and from his tastes and scholarship his name is well worthy of -record where books are concerned. In 1826 he sailed for England, and -spent nine years in literary study, exploring many of the great -libraries of Europe. The fruit of these labours may be seen in some -valuable works afterwards published. His fine collection of paintings -and interesting library were sold after his death in 1851.</p> - -<p>Leaving now the armorial plates, and coming to a literary name which is -almost as familiar a sound in London as in New York, we find the -bookplate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, a charming original design—a -nautilus shell, with the motto “per ampliora ad altiora.”</p> - -<p>“If you will look into Roget’s <i>Bridgewater Treatise</i>,” said the -autocrat one morning, “you will find a figure of one of these shells and -a section of it. The last will show you the series of enlarging -compartments succes<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_148" id="page_148">{148}</a></span>sively dwelt in by the animal that inhabits the -shell, which is built in a widening spiral.”</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, as the swift seasons roll!<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Leave thy low-vaulted past!<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Let each new temple nobler than the last,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Till thou at length art free,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Leaving thine outgrown shell by life’s unresting sea.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>A very curious plate is that of Laurence Hutton, the author. The plate -consists mainly of a full-length portrait of William Makepeace -Thackeray, with “Laurence Hutton” inscribed under it! The author of -<i>Vanity Fair</i> stands in an arched doorway, which leads to bookcases and -books. Laurence Hutton was born in the city of New York in 1843. As a -writer he is well known on both sides of the ocean, and for twenty years -he always spent the summer months in England.</p> - -<p>Turning from peace to war, the bookplate of Lieutenant E. Trenchard, of -the United States Navy, represents another side of life. In this plate, -as, happily, in almost all bookplates of American origin, the name is -there clear and unmistakable. Behind the horizontal oval bearing the -name, are flags, cannon, cannon-balls, and an anchor. The owner of this -plate<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_149" id="page_149">{149}</a></span> was born in New Jersey in 1784, and on April 30th, 1800, he was -appointed a midshipman in the United States Navy, and became lieutenant -on February 18th, 1807. In the war of 1812 to 1815 he commanded the -<i>Madison</i> in some of her engagements on Lake Ontario, and also rendered -distinguished service at the blockade of Kingston. These were stirring -times, and the following exact quotation from, not improbably, the only -copy in existence of a tiny printed manual, is of real interest. -Following Article II. are many other regulations. Then, <i>Firelock Manual -of the Sergeants</i>, and the full name of every member of this patriotic -band.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="c">CONSTITUTION.</p> - -<p class="c">Instituted March 7, 1805. Revised February 24, 1807.</p> - -<p class="c">PREAMBLE.</p> - -<p>At the present crisis, when war is spreading its ravages over the -European world, and states and empires are buried in its ruins, and -whilst all Governments must depend upon their military strength for -their existence, it becomes indispensably necessary to every young -man to make the art of war a study, that he may be ever ready to -turn out in defence of the honour and independence of his country.</p> - -<p>WE the undersigned Non-Commissioned Officers of Infantry of the -third Brigade, first Division, Massachusetts Militia, impressed -with a sense of the above<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_150" id="page_150">{150}</a></span> remarks, have associated for the purpose -of meeting and practising the Manual Exercise, and all such Company -Manœuvres as we can unitedly collect, that are necessary for us to -understand; thereby forming a Military School, which we hope will -ever be a source of improvement to its members. We have, therefore, -subscribed to the following articles as our Constitution, and do -most solemnly pledge our honours to abide and be governed by them -in every respect.</p> - -<p class="c"><i>Article</i> I.</p> - -<p>This Association shall be styled “<span class="smcap">The Soul of the Soldiery</span>.”<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> - -<p class="c"><i>Article</i> II.</p> - -<p>No one shall be a member unless he actually holds a Warrant in the -Infantry of the third Brigade, first Division, Massachusetts -Militia.</p> -</div> - -<p>A splendid non-armorial and naval plate is the bookplate with the name -“Stephen Cleveland” under the engraving of a fine man-of-war of the old -time in full sail.</p> - -<p>Stephen Cleveland went to sea in 1756, being seized in Boston, and -pressed for a British man-of-war. His father, a clergyman, founded, in -1750, at Halifax, the first Presbyterian church in Canada. On the -Declaration of Independence Stephen Cleveland was given a captain’s -commission, and brought over from Bordeaux<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_151" id="page_151">{151}</a></span> valuable munitions of war. -His commission is said to have been the earliest issued by the American -Government.</p> - -<p>Of quite modern plates a good specimen is that of a well-known New York -collector, Mr. Eduard Hale Bierstadt. The style is allegorical; a piping -shepherd, naked, but for a sergeant’s sash! Books and flowers, with the -motto: “nunc mihi mox aliis.”</p> - -<p>A very pleasing, particularly because unpretending, plate is that of -“Melvin H. Hapgood. Hartford, Conn. U.S.A.” It is but little more than a -very finely ornamented label including a very small shield-of-arms.</p> - -<p>“Thomas Bailey Aldrich His Mark” is the inscription on the frame -bordering a rectangular modern bookplate. Inside is a bird over a mask, -and, failing more serious emblems, the idea of the bird as a young rook -is not inappropriate to the familiar expression “his mark.”</p> - -<p>A more pretentious plate, and well illustrated by Mr. Hewins, is that of -the Rev. Dr. Joseph Henry Dubbs, professor in Franklin and Marshall -College. In the middle is a shield-of-arms fastened in front of a -spreading oak tree. The several inscriptions are: “1880 Joseph Henry -Dubbs D:D:—ex recto decus<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_152" id="page_152">{152}</a></span>—” and the migrations of the family noted as -follows: “Styria 1446; Helvetia 1531; America 1732.”</p> - -<p>Of modern American library interior <i>ex libris</i> may be mentioned James -Phinney Baxter’s, with an easy-chair, a table, an old clock, and rows of -books. Louis J. Haber’s plate bespeaks ease and comfort. Here, as usual, -are the rows of books, and the old motto: “My silent but faithful -friends are they.”</p> - -<p>Albert C. Bates’s bookplate reproduces an early woodcut of a Leyden -University old library, with its chained books.</p> - -<p>A beautiful plate, mentioned by Mr. Hewins, is the coloured <i>ex libris</i> -of Gerald E. Hart, of Montreal, representing the interior of a cell in -some medieval monastery, with a tonsured monk sitting on his stone -bench, illuminating a manuscript. The Gothic window admits light through -its highly coloured design, and rows of vellum lie beside the desk of -the old monk.</p> - -<p>Leaving library interiors, we note, amongst scores of other good -literary bookplates, that of the Rev. Wm. R. Huntington, Rector of Grace -Church, New York City, a design adapted from a frontispiece by Walter -Crane for the Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, and in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_153" id="page_153">{153}</a></span> which a -curly-locked youth is, with a huge key in hand, opening the door of a -house. Upon the roof are seen two cupids, making pleasant sounds with -lyre and voice. With this plate is the charming motto: “In veritate -victoria.”</p> - -<p>Many pleasing American <i>ex libris</i> are not personal at all. The -bookplate of the Grolier Club is in itself a beautiful object, befitting -a society which, although only founded in New York less than twenty -years ago, occupies such a unique position in literary circles.</p> - -<p>Of a far different style is the allegorical plate inscribed: “This Book -belongs to the Monthly Library in Farmington. Laws. 1. Two pence per day -for retaining a Book more than one Month. 2. One penny for folding down -a Leaf. 3. 3 shillings for lending a book to a Nonproprietor. Other -Damages apprais’d by a Committee. 5. No Person allowed a Book while -indebted for a Fine.”</p> - -<p>The following lines probably refer to the allegorical drawing:—</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“The youth who Led by Wisdom’s guiding Hand<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Seeks Virtue’s Temple, and her Law Reveres:<br /></span> -<span class="i1">He, he alone in Honour’s Dome shall stand,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Crown’d with Rewards, and rais’d above his Peers.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>At the foot of the plate is “M. Bull’s and T. Lee’s sculp.” This said -Martin Bull was<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_154" id="page_154">{154}</a></span> an interesting village character. For thirty-nine years -he held the post of clerk of probate, and for eight years was town -treasurer. He also worked as a goldsmith, manufactured saltpetre for the -army, and conducted the church choir! This interesting local library was -founded in 1795, and then was called “The Library in the First Society -in Farmington.” In 1801 it acquired the name engraved over the -bookplate.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_155" id="page_155">{155}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII<br /><br /> -<small>INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS</small></h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="hang">John Collet of Little Gidding—A book that was in the Battle of -Corunna—Henry Howard—Sir Percivall Hart—John Crane and the -Battle of Naseby.</p></div> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">I</span>N a work treating of bookplates some space devoted to the subject of -inscriptions in books can hardly be out of place. In the view of the -real book-lover—and no others are asked to look at this volume—a book, -until actually destroyed, is a very living reality. As he takes it -carefully into his hands he thinks of the wondrous thoughts and deeds -that may be unfolded between its covers. He also thinks, if it be an old -book, of the host of scenes of other days through which the book has -passed. Bookplates in it of former owners are of interest; but so, too, -in a very striking manner, are any manuscript names and notes of former -owners.</p> - -<p>After these few words, the following few notes will probably speak for -themselves.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_156" id="page_156">{156}</a></span></p> - -<p>The following curious inscription is at the beginning of a precious -Little Gidding large folio volume in the British Museum. The pressmark -is l 23. e 2:—</p> - -<p class="c"> -“Johannes Collet,<br /> -Filius<br /> -Thomæ Collet,<br /> -Pater<br /> -Thomæ Gulielmi Johannis,<br /> -Omnium superstes,<br /> -Natus<br /> -Quarto Junii 1633,<br /> -Denasciturus,<br /> -Quando Deo visum fuerit,<br /> -Interim hujus proprietarius.<br /> -————<br /> -John Collet.”<br /> -</p> - -<p>The armorial bookplate of Robert Chambers is of interest, as I have it -in a copy of the Bible which has passed through terrible experiences, as -related in <i>The Times</i>, 23rd October, 1902, and given more fully -below:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>“The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: translated -out of the original tongues, and with the former translations -diligently compared and revised.</p> - -<p class="c"> -By His Majesty’s Special Command.<br /> -Appointed to be read in Churches.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_157" id="page_157">{157}</a></span></p> - -<p>“Edinburgh, Printed by Sir J. H. Blair and J. Bruce, Printers to -the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1799.”</p></div> - -<p>It carries the following inscriptions:—</p> - -<p class="c"> -“this Bible<br /> -is a token of respect to<br /> -Wᵐ Chambers<br /> -from his Sister Mary<br /> -on the 23ᵈ of Septr 1805<br /> -and hopes he will esteem it<br /> -and By the Grace of it’s Author<br /> -find in it a faithfull<br /> -Companion a Wise Counseler<br /> -a Comfortable and Sure Guide<br /> -through every Dispensation<br /> -of Life that it may Please<br /> -the Almighty to Place<br /> -—him in—”<br /> -</p> - -<p>“Wᵐ Chambers his Book / Gibralter Octʳ 24ᵗʰ 1806”</p> - -<p>“In case of Death By Accident I trust the Person Whoever this Book may -fall in their hands that will send a Line to the Person mentioned in the -above hand. Intimating the same Octʳ 24 1806 Wᵐ Chambers”</p> - -<p>Then, happily, in another inscription, signed “R. Chambers,” we get the -story completed:<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_158" id="page_158">{158}</a></span>—</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Wᵐ Chambers of the 42ⁿᵈ<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Lost his Life by Accident Feby<br /></span> -<span class="i1">20ᵗʰ 1807 at Gibralter this Bible<br /></span> -<span class="i1">fell to the care of his Comrade<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Andrew Leach and became<br /></span> -<span class="i1">his Companion through many<br /></span> -<span class="i1">troubles they landed at Lisbon<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Sept 2ᵈ 1808 and from their<br /></span> -<span class="i1">they Marched to Salamanca<br /></span> -<span class="i1">in Spain from which they<br /></span> -<span class="i1">retreated under the greatest<br /></span> -<span class="i1">hardships to Coruna<br /></span> -<span class="i1">where on the 16ᵗʰ of Jany 1809<br /></span> -<span class="i1">they were preserved in a most<br /></span> -<span class="i1">dreadfull Conflict with the<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Enemy and on the 27 landed<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Safe in England he sent<br /></span> -<span class="i1">this object of his Care and<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Consolation to me April 10ᵗʰ<br /></span> -<span class="i1"> 1809<br /></span> -<span class="i10">R Chambers”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>On a fly-leaf at the end of the Bible are the three following separate -inscriptions:—</p> - -<p class="c"> -“Col Wild, Malta<br /> -Servᵗ Name John Bacchens”<br /> -</p> - -<p class="c"> -“William Chambers<br /> -Born Anno Domini<br /> -Sepᵗ 13ᵗʰ 1782”<br /> -————<br /> -“Mary Chambers<br /> -her Book April 19 1809”<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_159" id="page_159">{159}</a></span></p> - -<p>Robert Chambers has cut the printed name off the foot of his bookplate -and pasted it above, so as not to cover the earlier inscription: “Wᵐ -Chambers his Book, Gibralter Octʳ 24ᵗʰ 1806.” I have just bought this -relic of Corunna—where Sir John Moore ended his glorious life amid the -fires of victory—from Mr. William Harper, a second-hand bookseller of -the true old-fashioned type, a man to whom a book is an object of -reverence. He catalogued the late Edward Solly’s interesting library. -His old chief, Andrew Clark, bought it at the sale, of which I quote the -catalogue title in full, from good Andrew Clark’s own marked copy: -“removed from Gray’s Inn. A catalogue of the valuable Library of 3000 -vols. containing several excellent works on Topography, Theology, Law, -History, and Miscellanies; many of the best editions of the classics, a -very curious collection of old Bibles, In nearly all languages, -illuminated missals, breviaries, and old MSS. in good preservation, And -various works, in nearly all classes of Literature, many being -exceedingly curious and scarce, Which will be sold by Auction by Mr. -Geo. Berry at the auction rooms, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, on -Thursday, June 29th, 1854, and Following<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_160" id="page_160">{160}</a></span> Day, at 11 for 12 oclock, each -day, without reserve, By direction of the Executors of the late Robert -Chambers Esq. Barrister at Law. May be viewed the day prior and Morning -of Sale; and Catalogues had at the place of Sale; And of the Auctioneer, -no. 8a, Motcomb Street, Belgrave Square. H. D. Pite, Printer, 37 Cheyne -Walk, Chelsea.”</p> - -<p class="c"> -“Q. F. F. Q. S.<br /> -</p> - -<p>Hunc librum pro summo suo in Tyrones apud eum Literas discentes studio, -D Robertus Spence Ludimagister in Schola illustri Edinburgensi Jacobi -Regis Scotorum ejus nominis Sexti, Gulielmo Binning discipulo suo, hoc -anno Syntaxi Latine operam navanti, tanquam latæ a condiscipulis -victoriæ palmarium, & futuræ diligentiæ & industriæ incitamentum, dono -dedit.</p> - -<p class="c"> -Prid: Id: Ian:<br /> -MDCCXXVIII”<br /> -</p> - -<p class="nind">is inscribed at the beginning of a copy of phrases “linguae latinæ, ab -aldo manutio p.f, conscriptæ: ... londini excusum pro Societate -Stationariorum. 1636.”</p> - -<p class="c"> -“M.DC.VIII<br /> -<br /><span class="sml"> -Illustrissimo Northamtoniæ Comiti Dno Henrico Howarde<br /> -regiæ Maiestati a secretis et sanctiaribus consiliis.<br /> -Quinque Portuum præfecto vigilantissimo<br /> -in noui formosissimi ineuntis Anni<br /> -auspitium Perceuillas Harte</span><br /> -LL: MM. DD:”<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_161" id="page_161">{161}</a></span></p> - -<p>This inscription was in a book in splendid English sixteenth-century -binding, which belonged then to the Royal Society, and has the -well-known old bookplate of the Royal Society. Nothing now remains but -one cover and three fly-leaves.</p> - -<p>The Henry Howard of this interesting inscription was born at Shottesham, -in Norfolk, on February 25th, 1539, being the second son of Henry -Howard, Earl of Surrey, and the younger brother of Thomas Howard, fourth -Duke of Norfolk. His father dying when he was but seven years old, he -was left to the care of his aunt, the Duchess of Richmond, and lived at -Reigate, a manor of the Duke of Norfolk’s, under the tutorship of John -Foxe, the martyrologist. On Queen Mary’s accession the Duke of Norfolk, -the grandfather, was released from prison, and he dismissed Foxe. Howard -was now put under the care of a zealous Catholic, John White, Bishop -first of Lincoln and then of Winchester. Soon came another turn of the -wheel—Mary died! Elizabeth turned White out of his bishopric, herself -took charge of Howard’s education and sent him to King’s College, -Cambridge, where he graduated in 1564.</p> - -<p>In 1572 his brother, now Duke of Norfolk,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_162" id="page_162">{162}</a></span> was accused of plotting to -marry Mary Queen of Scots, and Banister, the Duke’s confidential agent, -declared in his confession that Henry was the subject first proposed for -the hand of Mary Queen of Scots. Henry Howard was at once seized, but -proving his innocence to Elizabeth’s satisfaction, he was released, and -a pension assigned to him. To follow him would be to write an elaborate -book; but, in short, his life of seventy-four years was too full of -variety to be peaceful or pleasant. He was constantly suspected of -strong Roman Catholic sympathies, and he was often in close -correspondence with Mary Queen of Scots, although, as regards the -tendency of his influence, he himself at least said that he gave her the -prudent advice to “abate the sails of her royal pride.”</p> - -<p>At all events, much romance must always attach to the name of anyone -who, like Henry Howard, was oft exchanging tokens with Mary Queen of -Scots. In the latter years of Queen Elizabeth he entered into a secret -correspondence with James of Scotland, who wrote to him often on -intimate terms, and who, on hearing of Elizabeth’s death, sent Howard a -ruby as a token. On January 1st, 1604, Howard became Lord Warden of the -Cinque Ports, and soon<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_163" id="page_163">{163}</a></span> afterwards Baron Howard of Marnhull, -Dorsetshire, and Earl of Northampton. In the next year he was made a -Knight of the Garter, and in 1608 he was appointed to the office of Lord -Privy Seal.</p> - -<p>Sir Percivall Hart, Chief Server, and Knight Harbinger to Henry VIII., -Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, died in 1580, leaving a son, Sir -Percivall Hart, who married twice, first to Anne, daughter of Sir -Richard Manwood, Knight, Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, by whom -he had a son, William; and his second wife was Jane, daughter of Sir -Edward Stanhope of Grimston, Knight, by whom he had issue Sir Henry -Hart, Knight of the Bath, who died in his father’s lifetime, having -married Elizabeth, daughter of—— Burdet, and a widow of Sir Simon -Norwich, by whom he left Percyval, Francis, George, and Elizabeth, who -died young; Percyval and Jerome, who died without issue; and George, who -married Elizabeth, daughter of—— Berisford, and left two sons, -Percival and George, and two daughters, Jane and Elizabeth.</p> - -<p>William Hart, only son of Sir Percyval by his first wife, succeeded his -father in the possession of Lullingstone, and died on March 31st, 1671, -aged seventy-seven, and was buried<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_164" id="page_164">{164}</a></span> there. He married Elizabeth, -daughter of Sir Anthony Weldon, of Swanscombe, Knight, who died in 1677, -and lies buried there, by whom he had no issue, upon which the Manor of -Lullingstone descended to Percyval Hart, Esq., eldest son of Sir Henry -Hart, Knight of the Bath, eldest son of Sir Percyval Hart, Knight, by -his second wife as abovementioned. He was afterwards knighted, and left -issue by Anne, his wife, one son, Percyval Hart, Esq., who was of -Lullingstone, was sheriff in 1707, and Member of Parliament for the -county in the ninth and twelfth years of Queen Anne. He died October -27th, 1738, aged seventy, and was buried in Lullingstone Church, having -by Sarah, his wife, youngest daughter of Henry Dixon of Hilden, Esquire, -an only daughter and heir, Anne, then married to her second husband, Sir -Thomas Dyke of Hexham, in Sussex, Baronet.</p> - -<p>The notes given below, and many more, all evidently in the hand of John -Crane, are in a 1649 copy of <i>Reliquiæ Sacræ Carolinæ</i>:—</p> - -<p>Look back in the Record Office to the time of Naseby fight. There is -written as follows:—</p> - -<p>1645, June 23ʳᵈ.—Ordered in the Comon’s House this day that the 23 -members here named are added to the committee where<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_165" id="page_165">{165}</a></span> Mr. Tate hath the -chaire, and are to meete tomorrowe morning att 7 of ye clocke in ye -Queenes Court, and to appoint persons to transcribe those particulars -(in the several letters and papers taken at Naseby field) that are most -materiall, and to consider what shall be done with the Portugall Agent, -and to examine Mr. Browne & his sonne (if ye House sitt not) when they -are brought up.</p> - -<p>This Mr. Tate has been indexed as Zouch Tate, M.P. for Northampton, -chairman of the committee for regulating the armies.</p> - -<p>Baker’s <i>Northamptonshire</i> relates that John Crane, of Loughton, Bucks, -Clerk of the Household to James the First and Charles the First, was -living in 1651 at the age of seventy-five and lived long after that. He -married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham. They had many -children, including a son John and a daughter Anne; the latter marrying -Francis Arundell of Stoke Park.</p> - -<p>On the blank lower half of the page preceding the <i>Eikon</i>, and on the -title of the <i>Eikon</i>:—</p> - -<p>“Some tyme after the King was murtherd by accident I was in ye company -of one of Mr. Tate’s servants (with my wife & several others) whose -master was one of those appoynted to examine the kings letters I asked<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_166" id="page_166">{166}</a></span> -him whether he ever saw aney of ye kings writing, he told me that his -master tate committed severall of those letters to his custodie, and -that those letters ye Parlt. put forth in print were written with ye -king’s own hand, I asked him whether they printed all they had, he said -no they burned maney, I asked ye reason, he said because they vindicated -the king from maney things they charged upon him & that if those letters -had bin printed they would have bin very much for the kings advantage & -that they caused to be printed only those they thought would make -against him, and that it was pittie they were burned. This my cosin -Zouch Tats man spake at my sister Arundells at Stoake in ye company of -maney with me John Crane junior. This he had told me before, but I loved -to hear him againe.”</p> - -<p class="c"> -“Ex libris Joannis Holleri Brixi:<br /> -In Domino confido<br /> -Quisquis es inuentor nostri<br /> -te quæso libelli<br /> -Huic reddas cujusque nomen adesse”<br /> -</p> - -<p class="nind">is the contemporary inscription over the bookplate reproduced on another -page:—</p> - -<p class="c"> -“Bibliothecæ”<br /> -“Novacellensis.”<br /> -“T”<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_167" id="page_167">{167}</a></span></p> - -<p>It appears in a copy of D. Radvlphi Ardentis Pictavi, Doctoris Theologi -per antiqui illustriss. Aquitaniæ Ducis Gulielmi huius nominis quarti, -Concionatoris disertiss in Epistolas et Euangelia (et vocant) Sanctorum, -Homiliæ, Ecclesiastis omnibus animarum curam gerentibus plurimum -necessariæ, et ante annos propè quingentos ab Auctore conscriptæ, nunc -primum in lucem editæ.</p> - -<p>Quibus annecti curauimus eisusdem Homilias in Epistolas et Euangelia, -quæ in communi Sanctorum legi consueuerunt. Then the printer’s block of -two birds in fighting attitude between an upright staff separating them, -with the motto: “Resparia crescunt concordia,” and the date 1560. Below -the printer’s block: “Antverpiæ, In ædibus Viduæ & Hæredum Joan. -Stelfii. M.D.LXX. Cum Priuilegio.”</p> - -<p>Nova cella, or Newstifft, a beautiful Bavarian cloister of the -Præmonstratensian Order in the diocese of Freysing, near the junction of -the Moselle and Iser, was, in the year 1141, founded by three brothers: -Otho, Bishop of Freysing; Henry, Margrave of Austria, and Conrad of -Salzburg. They dedicated it to the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. -Alas! in the time of the Thirty Years’ War it was quite destroyed. On -one blank leaf is pasted the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_168" id="page_168">{168}</a></span> bookplate here given, and on another is -written, “Ex libris/T. H. Foster/In Festi Purificationis/ B.V.M. 88/+”. -The book is in its original stamped binding, with clasps.</p> - -<p>Now this short gossip on <i>ex libris</i> must draw to a close.</p> - -<p>In one sense—that of variety—the study of bookplates can be elaborated -in a never-ending course. You can set your mind on collecting, -arranging, and studying the bookplates of lawyers. Again, you can limit -that, and collect only the bookplates of barristers, as distinguished -from solicitors; you can limit your attention to judges; you can confine -it to a century, a country, or even a county; you can strive to put -together all the Chippendale bookplates ever made; you can strive to -collect every portrait-plate, every plate with a ship, every -landscape-plate, every military bookplate, or collect military -bookplates, at the same time excluding every aspirant below a general! -The varieties are endless; it is merely a question of ringing the -changes. Perhaps one of the most sensible divisions, in a small way, is -that of collecting the plates of the various members of certain -families.</p> - -<p>Memorable words were spoken in March, 1891, by John Leighton, <small>F.S.A.</small>, -the first chair<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_169" id="page_169">{169}</a></span>man of the Ex Libris Society: “The Society should be -select, and in no way connected with profit, other than the pleasure to -be derived in making the past patent to the present and future.”</p> - -<p>The present writer is not a bookplate collector; but an honoured member -of the Council of the Ex Libris Society has kindly lent most of the -numbers of the Society’s Journal, from the date of its foundation. One -or two of several years he had lost, and very many of the numbers had -not, till now, made the acquaintance of a paper-knife. There is, I need -hardly say, much in the Journal of interest, and reflecting highly on -the ingenuity of Mr. W. H. K. Wright, fellow of the Royal Historical -Society.</p> - -<p>In turning over the numbers of the Journal a fond, vain wish seizes one; -and it is this—Oh! that I could strike out the trade journal element, -or relegate it to certain pages, wholly apart from the interesting -historical and antiquarian portions. Alas! how could this be expected, -seeing that leading members of the Society were professionally busied -with bookplates? Perhaps this has all been remedied.</p> - -<p>Then, too, in turning over numbers one cannot help thinking that a -bookplate of simple<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_170" id="page_170">{170}</a></span> taste was sadly discouraged. In the first place, a -“fanciful” design was directly recommended; and in the second place, by -constantly urging that each member of the Society must sport at least -one bookplate of his own, and must be ready to exchange. Thus anyone who -has joined the Society, and whose own library may be limited to -<i>Bradshaw</i> and the <i>Stock Exchange Year Book</i>, must start an <i>ex -libris</i>, not to place in the primary proper place for bookplates, but to -post to Dick, Tom, and Harry, similarly placed. Again, unless he wish to -be ignored, he must make every effort to have as grand and fantastic a -plate as his neighbour.</p> - -<p>A volume has just, on going to press, come into my hands, which, -although printed as late as 1850, is deliciously redolent of old-world -life. The work is the Life of James Davies, a village schoolmaster, -written by Sir Thomas Phillips. London: John W. Parker, West Strand, -1850. On the inner cover, facing the half-title, is a most charming -black silhouette profile portrait of a lady of some ninety years ago, -subscribed “ever your sincere Friend Sarah Jones.” Above is written, “S -Jones born 9ᵗʰ April 1771.” In, of course, another hand, is written at -the foot, “Died July 18ᵗʰ: 1852.” The portrait is of the wife and widow<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_171" id="page_171">{171}</a></span> -of the Rev. William Jones, as shown by several marked passages of the -book. Her husband was in pastoral charge, and she his devoted helper, -where James Davies was the earnest and evidently very unpedantic -pedagogue: “It was in the summer of 1815 that James Davies removed from -Usk to the Devauden, and received the charge of rude, ragged, and -boisterous mountain children, whom he long instructed by precept and -example.”</p> - -<p>This biography, the work of Sir Thomas Phillips, a neighbouring squire, -is illustrated with very good engravings, and altogether recalls at -every turn, scenes worthy of good George Herbert and Nicholas Ferrar.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_172" id="page_172">{172}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2> - -<p><i>Les Ex Libris Français</i>, by A. Poulet-Malassis. Paris, 1874.</p> - -<p><i>A Guide to the Study of Bookplates</i>, by the Hon. John Byrne Leicester -Warren. J. Pearson, London, 1880. pp. iii. and 238.</p> - -<p><i>Revue des Ex Libris Alsaciens</i>, by A. Stoeber. Mulhouse, 1881.</p> - -<p><i>Die Deutschen Bücherzeichen</i>, by F. Warnecke. Berlin, 1890. pp. 255.</p> - -<p><i>Composite Bookplates</i>, by E. B. Ricketts. London, 1890.</p> - -<p><i>Les Ex Libris</i>, by H. Bouchot. Paris, 1891. pp. 104.</p> - -<p><i>Bibliography of Bookplates</i>, by H. W. Fincham and J. R. Brown. -Plymouth, 1892. pp. 24.</p> - -<p><i>Heraldic Bookplates</i>, by A. M. Hildebrandt. Berlin, 1892.</p> - -<p><i>French Bookplates</i>, by W. Hamilton. London, 1892. pp. 175. Also in -Bell’s <i>Ex Libris Series</i>, 1896. pp. 360.</p> - -<p><i>English Bookplates</i>, by Egerton Castle. London, 1893.</p> - -<p><i>Rare Bookplates of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries</i>, by F. -Warnecke. London, 1893.</p> - -<p><i>Dated Bookplates</i>, by W. Hamilton. London, 1894.</p> - -<p><i>The Processes for the Production of Bookplates</i>, by J. Vinycomb. -London, 1894. pp. 96.</p> - -<p><i>Illustriertes handbuch de Ex Libris kunde</i>, by G. A. Seyler. Berlin, -1895. pp. 88.</p> - -<p><i>Wardour Press Series of Armorial Plates.</i> London, 1895, etc.</p> - -<p><i>Ex Libris Series</i>, J. W. G. White. London, 1895, etc.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_173" id="page_173">{173}</a></span></p> - -<p><i>American Bookplates</i>, by C. D. Allen. London, 1895.</p> - -<p><i>Bookplates</i>, by W. J. Hardy, <small>F.S.A.</small> London, 1897.</p> - -<p><i>Artists and Engravers of British and American Bookplates</i>, by H. W. -Fincham. London, 1897.</p> - -<p><i>Bookplates Old and New</i>, by J. A. Gade. New York, 1898.</p> - -<p><i>Bookplates and their Value</i>, by J. H. Slater. London, 1898.</p> - -<p><i>Die Schweizerischen Bibliothekzeichen</i>, by L. Gerster. Kappelen, 1898.</p> - -<p><i>Odd Volumes and their Bookplates</i>, by W. Hamilton. London, 1899.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_175" id="page_175">{175}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_174" id="page_174">{174}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2> - -<p class="c"><a href="#A">A</a>, -<a href="#B">B</a>, -<a href="#C">C</a>, -<a href="#D">D</a>, -<a href="#E">E</a>, -<a href="#F">F</a>, -<a href="#G">G</a>, -<a href="#H">H</a>, -<a href="#I">I</a>, -<a href="#J">J</a>, -<a href="#K">K</a>, -<a href="#L">L</a>, -<a href="#M">M</a>, -<a href="#N">N</a>, -<a href="#O">O</a>, -<a href="#P">P</a>, -<a href="#Q">Q</a>, -<a href="#R">R</a>, -<a href="#S">S</a>, -<a href="#T">T</a>, -<a href="#V">V</a>, -<a href="#W">W</a>, -<a href="#Z">Z</a></p> - -<p class="nind"> -<a name="A" id="A"></a>Adams, J. T., <a href="#page_15">15</a><br /> - -Agate, J., <a href="#page_107">107</a><br /> - -Ailleboust, C., <a href="#page_8">8</a><br /> - -Ailesbury, Marquis, <a href="#page_67">67</a><br /> - -Albosius, C., <a href="#page_8">8</a><br /> - -Aldrich, T. B., <a href="#page_151">151</a><br /> - -Alleine, R., <a href="#page_96">96</a><br /> - -Amman, J., <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a><br /> - -Antonie, W. L., <a href="#page_94">94</a><br /> - -Architecture, Royal Institute of, <a href="#page_116">116</a><br /> - -Arundell, F., <a href="#page_165">165</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="B" id="B"></a>Bacchus, J., <a href="#page_158">158</a><br /> - -Bacon, Sir W., <a href="#page_23">23</a><br /> - -Bandinel, B., <a href="#page_109">109</a><br /> - -Bartolozzi, F., <a href="#page_5">5</a><br /> - -Barwick, G. F., <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_106">106</a><br /> - -Bastille, The, <a href="#page_40">40</a><br /> - -Bates, H. C., <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> - -Bateman, T., <a href="#page_89">89</a><br /> - -Bateman, W., <a href="#page_89">89</a><br /> - -Baumgartner, H., <a href="#page_17">17</a><br /> - -Baxter, <i>Anacreon</i>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_111">111</a><br /> - -Baxter, J. P., <a href="#page_152">152</a><br /> - -Beall, W., <a href="#page_107">107</a><br /> - -Bardsley, A., <a href="#page_72">72</a><br /> - -Beaufort, Duke of, <a href="#page_90">90</a><br /> - -Beavan, <a href="#page_65">65</a><br /> - -Beckwith, T., <a href="#page_50">50</a><br /> - -Beer, F. T., <a href="#page_115">115</a><br /> - -Beesly, A. H., <a href="#page_66">66</a><br /> - -Beham, H. S., <a href="#page_17">17</a><br /> - -Beham, B., <a href="#page_17">17</a><br /> - -Bell, T., <a href="#page_93">93</a><br /> - -Bell, G., and Sons, <a href="#page_28">28</a><br /> - -Benedict, St., <a href="#page_11">11</a><br /> - -Bennett, W. J. G., <a href="#page_66">66</a><br /> - -Berry, G., <a href="#page_159">159</a><br /> - -Berryer, P. A., <a href="#page_42">42</a><br /> - -Bewick, <a href="#page_3">3</a><br /> - -Bewick, Messrs., <a href="#page_100">100</a><br /> - -Bielke, T., <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> - -Bierstadt, E. H., <a href="#page_151">151</a><br /> - -Bigot, J., <a href="#page_27">27</a><br /> - -Bigot, L. E., <a href="#page_27">27</a><br /> - -Binning, W., <a href="#page_160">160</a><br /> - -Bliss, P., <a href="#page_109">109</a><br /> - -Bouchart, A., <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> - -Boycott, R., <a href="#page_47">47</a><br /> - -Boycott, S., <a href="#page_48">48</a><br /> - -Bradshaw, T., <a href="#page_118">118</a><br /> - -Bradstreet, A., <a href="#page_127">127</a><br /> - -Brandenburg, H., <a href="#page_12">12</a><br /> - -Bridges, Mary A., <a href="#page_71">71</a><br /> - -Briot, J., <a href="#page_28">28</a><br /> - -Brook, <a href="#page_105">105</a><br /> - -Brown of Waterhaughs, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_111">111</a><br /> - -Boulais de Nanteuil, A. F. A., <a href="#page_39">39</a><br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_176" id="page_176">{176}</a></span>Bulmer, W., and Co., <a href="#page_99">99</a><br /> - -Bull, M., <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> - -Bunsen, Baron, <a href="#page_56">56</a><br /> - -Burgkmaier, H., <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> - -Burgoyne, Sir J., <a href="#page_23">23</a><br /> - -Burns, R., <a href="#page_66">66</a><br /> - -Busse, W. L., <a href="#page_75">75</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="C" id="C"></a>Campbell, A., <a href="#page_101">101</a><br /> - -Campbell of Shawfield, <a href="#page_101">101</a><br /> - -Cardale, G., <a href="#page_114">114</a><br /> - -Carlander, Herr, <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> - -Carruthers, W., <a href="#page_59">59</a><br /> - -Castle, E., <a href="#page_10">10</a><br /> - -Chambers, C., <a href="#page_156">156</a><br /> - -Chambers, M., <a href="#page_157">157</a><br /> - -Chambers, W., <a href="#page_157">157</a><br /> - -Champion, <a href="#page_67">67</a><br /> - -Chester, C., <a href="#page_114">114</a><br /> - -Chichester Cathedral, <a href="#page_106">106</a><br /> - -Cholmondeley, H., Viscount, <a href="#page_45">45</a><br /> - -Christoff, T., <a href="#page_53">53</a><br /> - -Clark, A., <a href="#page_159">159</a><br /> - -Clark, R., <a href="#page_117">117</a><br /> - -Cleveland, S., <a href="#page_150">150</a><br /> - -Coates, E. F., <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_46">46-51</a>, <a href="#page_80">80</a>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>, <a href="#page_110">110</a>, <a href="#page_118">118</a>, <a href="#page_119">119</a><br /> - -Collet, J., <a href="#page_156">156</a><br /> - -Collett, R. W. D., <a href="#page_48">48</a><br /> - -Collins, D., <a href="#page_42">42</a><br /> - -Colquhoun, P., <a href="#page_64">64</a><br /> - -Compton, C., <a href="#page_82">82</a>, <a href="#page_83">83</a><br /> - -Conduit, J., <a href="#page_90">90</a><br /> - -Constable, J., <a href="#page_86">86</a><br /> - -Constable, W., <a href="#page_86">86</a><br /> - -Convers, P. A., <a href="#page_38">38</a><br /> - -Coster, D. de, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Coster, P. de, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Corunna, <a href="#page_159">159</a><br /> - -Crane, J., <a href="#page_164">164</a><br /> - -Crane, W., <a href="#page_152">152</a><br /> - -Cranach, L., <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a><br /> - -Custance, O., <a href="#page_72">72</a><br /> - -Custos, R., <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="D" id="D"></a>Dale, T. A., <a href="#page_114">114</a><br /> - -Davies, J., <a href="#page_170">170</a><br /> - -Deedes, Prebendary, <a href="#page_93">93</a>, <a href="#page_106">106</a><br /> - -Denholme, J. S., <a href="#page_51">51</a><br /> - -Dering, T., <a href="#page_144">144</a><br /> - -Dickens, C., <a href="#page_124">124</a><br /> - -Dubbs, J. H., <a href="#page_151">151</a><br /> - -Dudley, A., <a href="#page_127">127</a><br /> - -Dürer, A., <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_131">131</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="E" id="E"></a>Edwards, J., <a href="#page_128">128</a><br /> - -<i>Eikon Basilike</i>, <a href="#page_165">165</a><br /> - -Eliot, J., <a href="#page_126">126</a><br /> - -Elizabeth, Queen, <a href="#page_24">24</a><br /> - -Eschentach, H. E. von, <a href="#page_16">16</a><br /> - -Eustace, J., <a href="#page_71">71</a><br /> - -Ex Libris Society, <a href="#page_169">169</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="F" id="F"></a>Farquhar, W., <a href="#page_65">65</a><br /> - -Farrington, <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> - -Faulkner, E., <a href="#page_146">146</a><br /> - -Feilden, H. St. C, <a href="#page_65">65</a><br /> - -Fenwick, <a href="#page_117">117</a><br /> - -Fischart, J., <a href="#page_20">20</a><br /> - -Fiott, J., <a href="#page_94">94-97</a><br /> - -Forbes, C., <a href="#page_87">87</a><br /> - -Fothergill, <a href="#page_115">115</a><br /> - -Foster, T. H., <a href="#page_168">168</a><br /> - -Franklin, B., <a href="#page_129">129</a><br /> - -Frederick, Sir J., Bart., <a href="#page_58">58</a><br /> - -Fraser of Ledeclune, <a href="#page_97">97</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="G" id="G"></a>Gardner, F., <a href="#page_23">23</a><br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_177" id="page_177">{177}</a></span>Goldie, C., <a href="#page_69">69</a><br /> - -Gordon, C., <a href="#page_98">98</a><br /> - -Gordon of Buthlaw, <a href="#page_76">76</a><br /> - -Georges, R., <a href="#page_172">172</a><br /> - -Grey, T. P., Earl de, <a href="#page_57">57</a><br /> - -Griggs, <a href="#page_27">27</a><br /> - -Grolier Club, <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> - -Gualther, L., <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> - -Guildford, Earl of, <a href="#page_78">78</a><br /> - -Gumey, H., <a href="#page_102">102</a><br /> - -Guthry, H., <a href="#page_77">77</a><br /> - -Gutman, O. G. von, <a href="#page_28">28</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="H" id="H"></a>Haines, M., <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_138">138</a><br /> - -Hamerton, W., <a href="#page_117">117</a><br /> - -Hamilton, H., <a href="#page_27">27</a><br /> - -Hamilton, W., <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a><br /> - -Hampson (Family), <a href="#page_50">50</a><br /> - -Hapgood, M. H., <a href="#page_151">151</a><br /> - -Hauer, H., <a href="#page_30">30</a><br /> - -Hardy, W. J., <a href="#page_9">9</a><br /> - -Harper, W., <a href="#page_159">159</a><br /> - -Hart, G. E., <a href="#page_152">152</a><br /> - -Hart, Sir P., <a href="#page_163">163</a><br /> - -Hart, W., <a href="#page_163">163</a><br /> - -Harvey, T. E., <a href="#page_69">69</a><br /> - -Hastings (Family), <a href="#page_103">103</a><br /> - -Hearn, E. N., <a href="#page_141">141</a><br /> - -Heathcote, G. P., <a href="#page_119">119</a><br /> - -Holbein, H., <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> - -Holgate, W., <a href="#page_113">113</a><br /> - -Holler, J., <a href="#page_166">166</a><br /> - -Holmes, O. W., <a href="#page_147">147</a><br /> - -Howard, H., <a href="#page_60">60</a><br /> - -Holzschuher, V., <a href="#page_19">19</a><br /> - -Huet, P. D., <a href="#page_35">35</a><br /> - -Huntington, W. R., <a href="#page_152">152</a><br /> - -Hurd, N., <a href="#page_143">143</a><br /> - -Hutt, L., <a href="#page_148">148</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="I" id="I"></a>Igler, H., <a href="#page_13">13</a><br /> - -Imhof, A., <a href="#page_18">18</a><br /> - -Irving, W., <a href="#page_134">134</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="J" id="J"></a>Jarvis, S. F., <a href="#page_146">146</a><br /> - -Jeffries, J., <a href="#page_146">146</a><br /> - -Joher, C. G., <a href="#page_56">56</a><br /> - -Jones, W., <a href="#page_171">171</a><br /> - -Jourdan, Marshal, <a href="#page_40">40</a><br /> - -Jund, L. M., <a href="#page_18">18</a><br /> - -Jungen, J. H. zum, <a href="#page_25">25</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="K" id="K"></a>Knight, J., <a href="#page_113">113</a><br /> - -Knox, B. W., <a href="#page_66">66</a><br /> - -Kolrirger, A., <a href="#page_14">14</a><br /> - -Kraus, J. O., <a href="#page_54">54</a><br /> - -Krep von Krepenstein, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Krüger, D., <a href="#page_34">34</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="L" id="L"></a>Langhorne, J. B., <a href="#page_111">111</a><br /> - -Langton, T., <a href="#page_94">94</a><br /> - -Leach, A., <a href="#page_158">158</a><br /> - -Lebegue, L., <a href="#page_73">73</a><br /> - -Lee, T., <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> - -Lee, Sir W., <a href="#page_94">94</a><br /> - -Leighton, J., <a href="#page_168">168</a><br /> - -Leiningen-Westerburg, Count, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a><br /> - -Lemond, W., <a href="#page_46">46</a><br /> - -Lerchenfeld-Prennberg, von, <a href="#page_35">35</a><br /> - -Lethbridge, Sir W., <a href="#page_68">68</a><br /> - -Lilburn, C., <a href="#page_49">49</a><br /> - -Littleton, Edward, Lord, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Lizars, D., <a href="#page_47">47</a><br /> - -Loch, J., <a href="#page_46">46</a><br /> - -Lomax, R. T., <a href="#page_70">70</a><br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_178" id="page_178">{178}</a></span>Longfellow, H. W., <a href="#page_136">136</a><br /> - -Longmate, B., <a href="#page_62">62</a><br /> - -Lubbock, Sir J. W., <a href="#page_58">58</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="M" id="M"></a>Macdonald, Flora, <a href="#page_140">140</a><br /> - -Macintosh, C. C., <a href="#page_87">87</a><br /> - -Mackenzie, J. W., <a href="#page_49">49</a><br /> - -Mahon, Lord, <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> - -Maitland, T., <a href="#page_48">48</a><br /> - -Malden, P. de, <a href="#page_41">41</a><br /> - -Manwood, Sir R., <a href="#page_163">163</a><br /> - -Margetson, E. J., <a href="#page_70">70</a><br /> - -Margetson, W. H., <a href="#page_70">70</a><br /> - -Maridat, P., <a href="#page_39">39</a><br /> - -Marshall, F. A., <a href="#page_65">65</a><br /> - -Marshall, W., <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Martin, C., <a href="#page_41">41</a><br /> - -Martin, W., <a href="#page_99">99</a><br /> - -Mayne, R. D., <a href="#page_113">113</a><br /> - -Ménage, G., <a href="#page_36">36</a><br /> - -Mercator, N., <a href="#page_45">45</a><br /> - -Methold, T. T., <a href="#page_119">119</a><br /> - -Monnier, L., <a href="#page_38">38</a><br /> - -Montrose, Marquis, <a href="#page_49">49</a><br /> - -More, Sir T., <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> - -Moore, Sir J., <a href="#page_159">159</a><br /> - -Moore, S., <a href="#page_84">84</a><br /> - -Morrell, W., <a href="#page_122">122</a><br /> - -Morton, E., <a href="#page_72">72</a><br /> - -Mors sola resolvit, <a href="#page_50">50</a><br /> - -Motley, J. L., <a href="#page_136">136</a><br /> - -Muntzinger, R., <a href="#page_13">13</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="N" id="N"></a>Napier, Sir W., <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> - -Naseby, <a href="#page_164">164</a><br /> - -Neele, S. J., <a href="#page_92">92</a><br /> - -New, E. H., <a href="#page_72">72</a><br /> - -Newcome, Rev. T., <a href="#page_105">105</a><br /> - -Newstift, <a href="#page_167">167</a><br /> - -Nicol, J., <a href="#page_99">99</a><br /> - -North, F., <a href="#page_78">78</a><br /> - -Northampton, Earl of, <a href="#page_160">160</a><br /> - -Novacella, <a href="#page_16">16</a><br /> - -Northampton, Marquis of, <a href="#page_82">82</a>, <a href="#page_83">83</a><br /> - -Nuremberg, <a href="#page_14">14</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="O" id="O"></a>Ochs, J. S., <a href="#page_54">54</a><br /> - -Opel, P., <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> - -Ormerod, G., <a href="#page_88">88</a><br /> - -Ouseley, Sir G., <a href="#page_116">116</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="P" id="P"></a>Palmer, <a href="#page_85">85</a><br /> - -Parker, J. 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C., <a href="#page_34">34</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="W" id="W"></a>Walpole, S., <a href="#page_78">78</a><br /> - -Wappenbüchlein, <a href="#page_29">29</a><br /> - -Warnecke, Herr, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a><br /> - -Warren, J., <a href="#page_112">112</a><br /> - -Washington, G., <a href="#page_142">142</a><br /> - -Waterlow, E. E., <a href="#page_11">11</a><br /> - -Watson, J., <a href="#page_63">63</a><br /> - -Watson, J. B., <a href="#page_64">64</a><br /> - -Wray, C. D., <a href="#page_115">115</a><br /> - -Weale, W. H. J., <a href="#page_11">11</a><br /> - -Wellington, Duke of, <a href="#page_138">138</a><br /> - -Wenzel, C., <a href="#page_39">39</a><br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_180" id="page_180">{180}</a></span>West, J. W., <a href="#page_71">71</a><br /> - -Weyer, W. C., <a href="#page_71">71</a><br /> - -Wheatley, H. B., <a href="#page_90">90</a><br /> - -Wiesenhutten, B., <a href="#page_53">53</a><br /> - -Wilberforce, S., <a href="#page_80">80</a><br /> - -Wilberforce, W., <a href="#page_80">80</a><br /> - -Wild, Colonel, <a href="#page_158">158</a><br /> - -Williams, J., <a href="#page_142">142</a><br /> - -Williams, R., <a href="#page_122">122</a><br /> - -Willmer, W., <a href="#page_27">27</a><br /> - -Winchester Cathedral, <a href="#page_105">105</a><br /> - -Winthrop, J., <a href="#page_125">125</a><br /> - -Wittenberg University, <a href="#page_21">21</a><br /> - -Wohlgemuth, M., <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a><br /> - -Wolphins, <a href="#page_13">13</a><br /> - -Wolsey, Cardinal, <a href="#page_17">17</a><br /> - -Wood, M., <a href="#page_107">107</a>, <a href="#page_123">123</a><br /> - -Wood, W., <a href="#page_123">123</a><br /> - -Woodroffe, P., <a href="#page_70">70</a><br /> - -Wrest Park, <a href="#page_57">57</a><br /> - -Wright, W. H. K., <a href="#page_169">169</a><br /> - -Wuss, F. S., <a href="#page_55">55</a><br /> - -Wynfield, <a href="#page_113">113</a><br /> - -<br /> -<a name="Z" id="Z"></a>Zahn, B. G., <a href="#page_55">55</a><br /> - -Zell, W. von, <a href="#page_12">12</a><br /> - -Zeyll, J. B., <a href="#page_26">26</a><br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_181" id="page_181">{181}</a></span></p> - -<p class="c"> -<small>PLYMOUTH<br /> -WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON<br /> -PRINTERS<br /></small> -</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="cb">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Where not otherwise specified, the book or bookplate is in -my own library.—E. A.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> The name given to the non-commissioned officers of the -Continental Army by Baron Stuben.</p></div> - -</div> -<hr class="full" /> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Bookplates, by Edward Almack - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOOKPLATES *** - -***** This file should be named 60858-h.htm or 60858-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/8/5/60858/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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