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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1028cc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60856 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60856) diff --git a/old/60856-0.txt b/old/60856-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ceee678..0000000 --- a/old/60856-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1509 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: December 6, 2019 [EBook #60856] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUVOIR JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - _Beauvoir_ - FREELY TRANSLATED “BEAUTIFUL VIEW” - JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE - - - [Illustration: BEAUVOIR HOUSE—LAST HOME OF JEFFERSON DAVIS] - - ON UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 90 - MIDWAY BETWEEN BILOXI AND GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI - - [Illustration: _Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson Davis_] - - - - - BEAUVOIR - _Jefferson Davis Shrine_ - - -Beauvoir, freely translated “_beautiful view_,” is located on U. S. -Highway 90 about halfway between Gulfport and Biloxi on the Mississippi -Gulf Coast. It was originally part of a tract of land that James Brown, -a prosperous planter of Madison County, Mississippi bought September 2, -1848, by Contract and Agreement from John Henderson of Pass Christian, -with the right to build a family residence on it before the title was -cleared. Acting upon this legal agreement, Brown paid Henderson $900.00 -in cash toward the purchase price of $2,000.00, and gave him a note for -the additional $1,100.00, which was to be paid on receipt of a deed -proving his title to the land had been cleared. - -Although the residence and outlying buildings were completed by 1852, -James Brown did not obtain a deed to the property until July 16, 1855, -when he bid it in for $3,000.00 at a Harrison County Court Auction. To -this tract of land he had added, in the meantime, a small piece bought -from the Tegardens for $250.00. - -James Brown was said to have been his own architect and building -superintendent for both the Mansion and the cottages he built on his new -home site. He brought slaves from his plantation in Madison County to do -much of the building; but, for the higher grade of work needed, he -employed carpenters and decorators from New Orleans. The cypress used -was from the Back Bay swamp section, with most of the timber cut at -Handsboro and on the place. The slate for the roof was imported from -England. The buildings thus planned and constructed were the Mansion, a -Louisiana plantation type house known as Beauvoir House since the time -of its occupancy by the Davis family, one cottage to the east of this -main building and one to the west. A four room cottage in the rear, -which was on the property when purchased, was used by the owner and his -family while the other buildings were being constructed, and later -became the kitchen and servants’ quarters for the families of both James -Brown and Jefferson Davis. - -Information from Mrs. Hobart D. (Olive Brown) Shaw of Gulfport, -Mississippi, granddaughter of James Brown and the daughter of Joseph W. -Brown who was born in this, the family home on the Mississippi Gulf -Coast, explains the practical use her grandfather made of the two -cottages on the grounds, formerly identical in structure—the one on the -east, the plantation office, used also as a school room for the younger -children who were taught by a governess; the one on the west, the Guest -Cottage, often called the Circuit Rider’s House from the frequent use -made of it by the traveling Methodist minister in that section. - -From September 2, 1848 until May 1873, James Brown was the owner of the -Mansion and its surrounding eighty-eight acres more or less, either by -Contract and Agreement or by a deed. In May of 1873, after the death of -James Brown, it was sold under a decree of the United States Court for -the Southern District of Mississippi, and was conveyed by deed of -special commissioners to Frank Johnston of Jackson, Mississippi. Through -a special warranty deed given by Frank Johnston July 7, 1873, Beauvoir -became the property of Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey, wife of Samuel W. Dorsey. - -When Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey (Sarah Ellis Dorsey) of Tensas Parish, -Louisiana bought the Brown property, she gave it its picturesque name, -“Beauvoir”. Her ownership of this beautiful coast property was brief, -ending Feb. 19, 1879; but her use of it, for the most part, during the -years she did own it and her final disposition of it by both will and -deed caused Beauvoir to become historic Beauvoir, and made her worthy of -outstanding recognition for the splendid contribution she thus made to -the welfare of Jefferson Davis. - -It was the spring of 1877 that Jefferson Davis, then 69 years old, came -back to his beloved Mississippi, seeking rest and a place to write an -authentic account of the Confederate government that he had administered -for four years as the President of the Confederate States of America. It -was fortunate for him that just at that time Mrs. Dorsey, an old -schoolmate of Mrs. Davis and one deeply appreciative of his great -service to the South, invited him for a visit to Beauvoir; for there he -found the place and the congenial atmosphere ideal for the rest he so -badly needed and for the work he had in mind. He rented the east -cottage, now called the Library Cottage, and fitted the front room with -book shelves and furniture at his own expense. He used the second room -for his bedroom and prepared the third for his son, Jefferson Davis, Jr. -His son made little use of this room, however, occupying it only a few -months in 1877, since he died of yellow fever soon afterwards in -Memphis. It was later used as a study by Varina Anne (Winnie), youngest -child of Mr. and Mrs. Davis. - - [Illustration: _Memorial Arch—Entrance to Beauvoir_] - -After arrangements were made for board for himself and family, when they -could be with him, Davis began work on the history of the Confederate -government, which he felt impelled to write. Mrs. Dorsey’s recognition -of the value of such a book to the South caused her to donate her -services for the clerical help Davis had in writing a part of the first -volume of this great two volume history. By this time (April 1878) Mrs. -Davis had returned from abroad, leaving Winnie to continue her studies -in Carlsruhe, Germany. From the time of her arrival at Beauvoir, Mrs. -Davis gave her services lovingly and untiringly as her husband’s -secretary, until he finally completed the two volumes, composing “The -Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”, and wrote also a “Short -History of the Confederate States”. - -When Jefferson Davis came to Beauvoir he was, as has been said, “A -citizen of no land under the sun, proscribed, misrepresented, and -derided”; yet he kept his heart free from bitterness and used the higher -mental powers that were still his in his old age, in writing his -invaluable elucidation of the government of the Confederate States of -America from 1861 to 1865. - -Twelve years Jefferson Davis lived at Beauvoir. It was in his second -year of residence there, Feb. 19, 1879, that he contracted with Mrs. -Dorsey, widow of Samuel Dorsey, to buy for $5,500.00 the Beauvoir -property, that she had owned for approximately six years. This deed of -sale is found in Book 16, Harrison County, Mississippi Record of Deeds, -pages 328-329. But, less than six months after the first payment was -made for the purchase of this property, Mrs. Dorsey died leaving a will -dated the previous year, January 4, 1878, which made Jefferson Davis -heir to all she died possessed of—Beauvoir and five plantations. But -regardless of his inheritance of Beauvoir through the terms of Mrs. -Dorsey’s will, Davis based his claim to Beauvoir on the deed, recording -his purchase of it February 19, 1879. One explanation found for this -claim is that the notes still due on the purchase price of Beauvoir were -paid in liquidating the debts against Mrs. Dorsey’s estate. - -Among the Harrison County court records is a Contract and Agreement -entered into by the two parties, Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey and Jefferson -Davis, signed March 20, 1879, which provided for their joint interest in -the Beauvoir vineyard and orange grove during their natural lives—same -to be cultivated and gathered on joint account. - -The following clause of Mrs. Dorsey’s will expresses her great -admiration and reverence for the ex-President of the Confederate States -of America: “If Davis should not survive me, I give all that I have -bequeathed to him to his youngest daughter Varina. I do not intend to -share in the ingratitude of my country toward the man who is in my eyes -the highest and noblest in existence”. - -This last will and testament of Mrs. Sarah Anne Dorsey was probated July -15, 1879 in the office of the Second District Court for the Parish of -Orleans, the home State of the testatrix. It is interesting to note that -there was no record made of this will in the office of the Chancery -Clerk of Harrison County, Mississippi, until Judge A. McC. Kimbrough, -acting for Mrs. Davis in the sale of Beauvoir in 1902, had the Louisiana -records of the probation of the Dorsey will made a part of Harrison -County records of wills. - -Due, no doubt, to the provision in Mrs. Dorsey’s will for his youngest -daughter’s inheritance of Beauvoir if he (Davis) did not survive her, -Jefferson Davis willed this particular piece of property to his daughter -Varina Anne (Winnie). However, there is no question as to its being in -accord with his own heart’s desire to have Beauvoir pass to Winnie who -as a child had been, as he said, “His only gleam of light in that long -night” while imprisoned at Fortress Monroe; and who as a young lady had -been, as Mrs. Davis said, “The harp of their lonely hearts”. - -Winnie’s ownership of Beauvoir was from her father’s death, Dec. 6, 1889 -until her death, Sept. 18, 1898, when it then through her will became -the property of her mother. During the years that Winnie owned Beauvoir, -both she and her mother spent much of their time in New York, where she -used her talent as an artist and writer, and her mother, hers as a -writer, as an added source of income. The years they spent in the North -were made more interesting and enjoyable through their acquaintance and, -in some cases, friendships with certain men and women of like culture -and talents from that section. - -When about to leave on a trip to Egypt, Feb. 11, 1898, Winnie wrote her -will naming her mother as heir to Beauvoir. This will was recorded in -Louisiana, Oct. 27, 1898, but was not put on record in Mississippi until -April 20, 1902. - -When Mrs. Davis became the owner of Beauvoir, her failing health and her -lack of sufficient income for the upkeep of the property, and her own -needs as well, made it necessary that she sell this property, which she -and Winnie had always valued more for their treasured memories -associated with it than for its material worth. Proof of the depth of -feeling Mrs. Davis had for Beauvoir as the last and greatly loved home -of her beloved husband, the only President of the Confederate States of -America, is found in her refusal of the offer of $90,000.00 from those -planning to purchase it for hotel purposes, and her acceptance of -$10,000.00 from the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans, -whose plans for its use were in accord with the provisions upon which -she conditioned the sale. - -Regardless of how the plan originated for the conversion of Beauvoir -into a home for Confederate veterans, and their wives and widows, great -credit is due Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough for leaving no stone unturned in -her efforts to induce the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate -Veterans to make the offer that Mrs. Davis so readily accepted. However, -other UDC members throughout the state had a part also in influencing -the purchase of Beauvoir for a Confederate Soldiers home and in helping -raise the money for the purchase. - - [Illustration: _Reception Hall—Extends the Length of the House_] - -The Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans took title to -Beauvoir on October 10, 1902, and in so doing accepted the obligation to -carry out the conditions imposed by Mrs. Davis, the most important of -which were the requirements that Beauvoir be used as a Jefferson Davis -Soldiers’ Home for ex-Confederate soldiers and sailors, their wives and -widows, orphans and slaves, as long as there was need for such a home; -and that Beauvoir House be set apart as a memorial solely to Jefferson -Davis and his family and be maintained as it was during its occupancy by -them. - -As soon as the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans -purchased Beauvoir, their organization together with the Daughters of -the Confederacy influenced the passage by the Mississippi Legislature of -Bill 179—Chapter 25 of the Laws of Mississippi of 1904, which accepted -for the State temporary control of the entire Beauvoir property, and -obligated the support and maintenance of it as a Jefferson Davis -Soldiers’ Home for Confederate veterans, their wives and widows, without -accepting Mrs. Davis’ provision for the care also of orphans and slaves. - -From 1904 to July 1940 the State continued its control of Beauvoir in -accordance with the provisions set forth in the Legislative Act passed. -But during the months that intervened between the purchase of Beauvoir -by the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans and the State’s -acceptance of control of it as a Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home, the -Mississippi Division United Daughters of the Confederacy was granted -permission to take over the property, furnish and manage it as a -Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home for those ex-Confederate soldiers, -sailors, and their wives and widows in need of immediate care. -Mississippi Division records show that $3,000.00 was expended by the -organization for this purpose, in addition to the necessary furniture -and linens donated for the most part by the Daughters on the Mississippi -Gulf Coast. - -In 1903 there was a great need for the Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home -for Confederate veterans, their wives and widows. In 1940 that need had -so lessened that the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans -had a bill passed by the Legislature, authorizing the conversion of -Beauvoir into a Jefferson Davis Shrine, but setting aside the southeast -grounds of the property for use by the State in its continuation of the -maintenance of the Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home, as long as there was -need for such an institution. - -According to the decision of the State of Mississippi, the need for this -Confederate Soldiers’ Home ended June 30, 1956; so the State returned -these southeast grounds to the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate -Veterans, and it became thereafter a part of the Jefferson Davis Shrine. - -The act of the Mississippi Legislature authorizing the conversion of -Beauvoir into a Jefferson Davis Shrine, provided for the management of -the Shrine by a Board of Trustees composed of six members—two from the -Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans, two from the -Mississippi Division United Daughters of the Confederacy, and two -appointed by the Governor of the State. - -In July 1940 the first Board of Trustees of the Jefferson Davis Shrine -began the work of converting Beauvoir into a shrine. In six months time, -February 8, 1941, the restoration program had progressed so rapidly the -doors were open to visitors. Five months later, June 3, 1941, the -restoration plans were completed; and Beauvoir was formally dedicated as -the Jefferson Davis Shrine. - -To accomplish so much so soon and so successfully took the whole hearted -backing of the members of this first Board of Trustees and the splendid -cooperation given by others from whom information and assistance were -sought. But it must never be forgotten that the real credit for planning -and carrying to completion the program for the restoration of Beauvoir -is due the late Dr. W. A. Evans of Aberdeen, Mississippi, who was the -first Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Resident Director of the -actual work done. - -A leading part in both the initial and the follow-up work necessary to -bring about this conversion of Beauvoir into a Jefferson Davis Shrine -was taken by Mr. W. K. Herrin, at that time Commander of the Mississippi -Division Sons of Confederate Veterans and Mrs. J. P. Pentecost, at the -same time President of Mississippi Division United Daughters of the -Confederacy. Honorable Maxwell Bramlett, State Senator from Wilkinson -County, was in charge of the bill which authorized the establishment of -the Shrine. He also worked untiringly with the other Sons for the -passage of the Bill, appropriating $20,000.00 for the restoration of -Beauvoir as a Jefferson Davis Shrine. - -Through a per capita assessment, the general organization of the United -Daughters of the Confederacy contributed $5,482.66 toward the -restoration. However, the Mississippi Division accepted a much larger -per capita assessment, and by raising the $55,000.00 thus obligated, -paid heartfelt tribute to Mississippi’s greatest citizen, the embodiment -of Confederate ideals—the first and only President of the Confederate -States of America. - -Around 1954 the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans -changed the management of Beauvoir by placing Beauvoir property under -the over-all control of their Board of Directors, and the Shrine proper -under a Board of Trustees, appointed by and from their organization -except one member chosen by them from the Mississippi Division United -Daughters of the Confederacy. - - - _BEAUVOIR MARKERS_ - -The granite boulder on the Jefferson Davis Highway, marking the last -home of Jefferson Davis, was erected in June 1929. It was obtained -through the efforts of Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough and the generosity of T. -A. McGahey of the Columbus Marble Works. - -The marble Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway marker on Highway 90 was -erected in 1944 by the Mississippi Highway Department. It was dedicated -June 3, 1945. - -The marker in front of Beauvoir House on Highway 90 was dedicated by the -Mississippi Historical Marker Commission on November 7, 1953. - - - _MEMORIAL ARCH_ - -The imposing marble Memorial Arch, serving as a gateway for the main -entrance to Beauvoir, was erected in 1917 by the Mississippi Division -United Daughters of the Confederacy. - - - _THE APPROACH TO BEAUVOIR HOUSE_ - -Some of the attractive features of the approach to Beauvoir House are -the huge live oak trees, festooned with gray moss; the few remaining -ancient cedars, marking the dim outline of the once circular driveway; -the flowers and shrubs, planted to simulate the use made of them in the -old days; the broad brick walk, replacing the old shell walk, leading -direct to the fan shaped steps of hand dressed cypress with hand turned -spindle bannisters; the inviting broad galleries, extending far around -on either side of the house; and the large double doors, with the upper -portion small panes of choice etched glass, serving as an artistic -entrance doorway. - - [Illustration: _Front Parlor_] - - [Illustration: _Winnie Davis’ Rosewood Knabe Piano in Front Parlor_] - - - _DESCRIPTIONS of INTERIOR of BEAUVOIR HOUSE_ - - - RECEPTION HALL - -The spacious reception hall that extends the length of the main part of -Beauvoir House immediately claims attention by its now seldom seen -rounded corners, unusually high ceiling, and beautifully frescoed walls -and ceiling done by the German artist Meuhler, later retouched by a -talented decorator. But there is great interest also in the furnishings, -almost all of which were used by Jefferson Davis and his family during -their occupancy of Beauvoir, and either kept there or returned later. - -The original pieces found here are the two hall seats, octagon in form, -built under the supervision of Mrs. Davis; the large sideboard, unusual -in design, placed here for use when the guests were too many to be -served in the regular dining room; the silver tray on the sideboard, and -the painting above it, La Bella de Tiziano from a collection of Baroness -Alphonse de Rothschild of Paris; the much admired pier mirror and -console table of rosewood, purchased in Paris by Mrs. Davis in 1870; the -large square table with its fine marble top, said to have been used by -Jefferson Davis while in the first White House of the Confederacy; and -the handsome mahogany secretary at the far end of the room. Also of -interest in this inviting hall is the painting of Joseph Davis, favorite -brother of Jefferson Davis, sent the Shrine by his great-niece from New -York. - - - FIRST OF THE DOUBLE PARLORS—THE FRONT PARLOR - -The Front Parlor used by the Davis family as their parlor has, as has -the back parlor or library, the same rounded corners, high ceiling, and -frescoed walls and ceiling found in the reception hall. It is furnished -almost entirely with original pieces; but the fine portrait of Jefferson -Davis made after his 81st birthday is not one of these. It was painted -by G. B. Matthews and presented to the Shrine by Mrs. Darling of New -York. At the left of the door is a portrait of Mr. Davis’ mother. - -The original pieces are the rosewood Knabe piano and the music book on -it, loved possessions of Winnie Davis; the Davis Coat of Arms, painted -by Winnie; the handsome center table, never moved from Beauvoir; the -rosewood sofa and two armchairs and later the four matching little side -chairs, returned by a great-granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Davis; and the -small painting by the piano, done by Mrs. Davis of the hotel where she -last lived—Hotel Gramatan, Lawrence Park, Bronxville, New York. It was -given by a faithful servant of Mr. and Mrs. Davis to the UDC Chapter No. -858 of Chicago, and presented by the Chapter to the Shrine. The -draperies, carpet, small pecan wood chair, and harp, are not Davis -pieces. - - - THE BACK PARLOR, LIBRARY FOR THE DAVIS FAMILY - -The Library, used also for daily family gatherings by Mr. and Mrs. -Davis, contains the following furnishings originally in use there and -later returned to the Shrine by Davis descendants in Colorado; a pair of -sofas (gentleman’s in leather and lady’s in fabric); marble bust of two -year old Samuel Davis, first child of Mr. and Mrs. Davis; desk with -double section of drawers and the large book on the desk, Winnie’s -dictionary. Here also is the large Oriental rug just recently returned -to Beauvoir House. Other interesting pieces in the room are the cane -seated chair, used by Jefferson Davis in the United States Senate -Chamber, and the bookcases, with grilled doors of heavy wire, filling -every inch of wall space. These bookcases, copies of ones Jefferson -Davis saw in use in Washington, were built and installed under his -supervision. - - [Illustration: _View of West or Hayes Cottage, Beauvoir House and - East or Library Cottage_] - - [Illustration: _Bedroom of Jefferson Davis_] - - [Illustration: _East Cottage or Library Where Jefferson Davis Wrote - “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”_] - - - WINNIE DAVIS MEMORIAL ROOM - -The front room on the right of the reception hall was, according to Mrs. -Davis’ will, the room of Miss Varina Anne (Winnie) Davis, “The Daughter -of the Confederacy”. Her request was that this room and the other rooms -of members of the family, who lived in Beauvoir House, be kept and -preserved as a memorial to each occupant. In planning to refurnish this -front room on the right as a memorial to Winnie Davis, it was found that -only a few pieces of the original furnishings were left. It was then -that the ever constant lover of Confederate ideals and the exponent of -those ideals, the late Walter Lampton of Columbia, Mississippi and the -Gulf Coast, supplied the money for certain members of the UDC to -purchase the necessary period furniture which was to be as similar as -possible to the suite of furniture formerly used by Winnie in this room. -To this period furniture was added the following original pieces already -there, or returned to the Shrine by members of the Davis family—the -washstand, washstand set, two little cane seated chairs, little slipper -chair and rocker, the table, flowers pressed by Winnie, framed and hung; -the book, “An Irish Knight”, written by Varina Anne (Winnie) Davis and -published in 1888, and one of her favorite books, “The Poetical Works of -Sir Walter Scott”. - -Topping in interest the other pieces in the room is the oil painting of -Winnie hanging over the mantel. It was painted by the Swiss artist, -Rupel, for Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough who presented it to the Shrine to make -sure that a true likeness of this favorite daughter of the South would -be preserved. In this picture Winnie is shown in the crown jewels and -robe she wore as Queen of Comus for the New Orleans Mardi Gras in 1892. -She had served as a Maid of this Court in 1884 when Mildred Lee, the -daughter of Robert E. Lee, was its Queen. - - - MARGARET DAVIS HAYES MEMORIAL ROOM - -The second room on the right is a memorial to Margaret Davis Hayes. It -contains the bedroom suite of burled walnut formerly used in this room. -This furniture had been sent from Beauvoir after it was no longer the -Davis home, and thirty-nine years later it was shipped back in the same -crates with labels in Mrs. Davis’ handwriting still on them. The pillow -cases on Margaret’s bed were among the linens used by Mrs. Davis, when -newly wedded to Jefferson Davis. Grouped around the mantel in this room -are pictures of the homes, important in the lives of both Mr. and Mrs. -Davis—the one in the center, Mrs. Davis’ girlhood home, “The Briars”, in -Natchez, where she and Jefferson Davis were married; the one on the -right, “Rosemont”, at Woodville, Mississippi, Davis’ boyhood home; and -the one on the left, “Beauvoir”, the last home of Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson -Davis. The most important of the Hayes family photographs, making this -room distinctive as a memorial to Margaret Davis Hayes, is the one of -Margaret herself with her baby, Jefferson Addison Hayes, whose name was -legally changed to Jefferson Hayes Davis to make it possible for the -renowned name, “Jefferson Davis”, to be passed from son to son for years -to come. - - - JEFFERSON DAVIS ROOM - -The rooms occupied by Jefferson Davis and Mrs. Davis, with a connecting -door between, form an offset on the west side of the house to the left -of the back parlor or family study. Jefferson Davis’ room faces the Gulf -and has the advantage of being entered from the front or back without -passing through any other room. The furnishings in this room, that were -there when Jefferson Davis was an occupant of it, are the large rocking -chair, the bed, the washstand and washstand set, towel rack, cigar -stand, and the leather foot locker or small trunk used by him during the -Mexican War and for trips abroad, when ex-President of the Confederate -States of America. Hanging over the bed is a framed garland of flowers -made from pieces of cloth, similar in color to the flowers copied to -make this attractive but unusual piece. On the back of it is this -explanation, written by Mrs. Davis—“Hearing Jefferson Davis was dying -and lacked comforts in Fortress Monroe, the Southern women made this -piece of work as a cushion cover and sent it to him among other things. -350 women took a few stitches on this gift sent in 1866”. The painting -over the mantel is Mrs. Davis as she was in 1898. The photograph below -on the left is Mrs. Davis as a young girl. On the right is one of Winnie -as a child, and below it, one of Jefferson Davis, Jr., in costume. - - [Illustration: _Bedroom of Mrs. Jefferson Davis_] - - [Illustration: _Floor Plan of Residential Floor_] - - 1. Porch or Gallery - 2. Reception Hall - 3. Front Parlor - 4. Winnie Davis Memorial Room - 5. Back Parlor or Library - 6. Margaret Davis Hayes Memorial Room - 7. Rear Porch or Galley - 8. Jefferson Davis’ Room - 9. Mrs. Davis’ Room - 10. Dining Room - 11. Butler’s Pantry and Children’s Dining Room - 12. Inside Stairway to Museum on Ground Floor - - [Illustration: _Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis Memorial Room_] - - [Illustration: _Margaret Davis Hayes Memorial Room_] - - - MRS. DAVIS ROOM - -This room, opening into Jefferson Davis’ room, has the added attraction -of having in it two of the five closets in Beauvoir House, as well as a -north window overlooking Mrs. Davis’ rose garden. The original -furnishings are the armoire, sewing machine, spool washstand table, -washstand set, the candle stand or bedside table, and a treasured book, -“Manual of Family Devotion”, presented to Mrs. Davis by Bishop C. T. -Quintard (Bishop of Tennessee—1865-1898), and inscribed as follows: “To -Mrs. Davis with God’s blessing from C. T. Quintard”. The sampler over -the mantel was made by a granddaughter out of a black alpaca dress that -belonged to Mrs. Davis. The wild turkey feather fan, displayed in a -frame, was made for and used by Mrs. Davis. Two interesting pictures in -the room are the picture of the Davis children made in 1865, and the one -of Jefferson Davis, Jr., the last one made of him before he died. - - - DINING ROOM - -The table, chairs, and large sideboard in the dining room are original -Davis pieces, given to Judge and Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough of Greenwood, -Mississippi and the Gulf Coast, when Beauvoir was dismantled. They were -kept intact by them as long as they lived, and by their family after -their deaths. Later, responding to the need of these original pieces in -making Beauvoir a Jefferson Davis Shrine, the Kimbrough family loaned -them for use in their original setting. The painting on the board, -forming a part of the mantel in this small but attractive dining room, -was done by Winnie Davis. Draperies and glass curtains are replacements. - - - BUTLER’S PANTRY AND CHILDREN’S DINING ROOM - -These rooms have been restored to their original state. In the -children’s dining room separated from the well arranged butler’s pantry -by a partial partition are a round oak table and chairs in a size -suitable for children. The willow ware seen on the shelves was used by -the Davis family when they lived at Beauvoir. The original kitchen, used -first by the Brown family then the Davis family, was burned about 1927. -A covered walkway connected the old kitchen with Beauvoir House, where -the back stairway led to the butler’s pantry for dining room service. - - - THE DAVIS MUSEUM - -The front portion of the ground floor has been put to excellent use as a -Davis Museum. Its theme is Jefferson Davis and His Family. On this same -ground floor, just back of the museum, is a bricked-in room in which the -meat was hung and the wines stored. To the left of this room is the dry -well which served, to some extent, the purpose of a refrigerator. - - - OTHER LARGE MUSEUM PIECES ON DISPLAY - -The phaeton, used by Mrs. Davis on her visiting days, has been loaned by -the Kimbrough heirs. Since Mrs. Davis was short in stature, it was -necessary to have special steps put on the phaeton for her convenience. - -The buggy that belonged to Jefferson Davis was purchased by Dr. A. D. -Harmanson, and has been given to the Shrine by his daughters, Mrs. Pearl -Harmanson Atkinson of Biloxi, Mississippi and Mrs. Lillie Harmanson -Marsh of Dallas, Texas. Near the phaeton and the buggy is Winnie’s -sidesaddle, used by her on many rides on her favorite saddle horse, -Kitty. - -The boat, Barbashela, is another interesting museum piece. Captain -Boland Leathers, a friend of long standing of the Davis family, built -this little boat for Winnie on the bow of his steamship, Natchez. He -gave it its Choctaw Indian name, Barbashela, meaning “friend”. It also -is on loan to the Shrine by the Kimbrough heirs. - - - _THE WEST COTTAGE or HAYES COTTAGE_ - -During the occupancy of Beauvoir by Jefferson Davis and his family, this -West Cottage was enlarged to serve as their Guest Cottage. But later, -because so frequently used by the elder daughter, Margaret Davis Hayes -and her family, it became known as the Hayes Cottage. - -In the front room of this cottage is an attractive cottage bedroom suite -that was formerly used by Winnie Davis. The Gulfport Chapter UDC No. -1068 obtained possession of it and presented it to Beauvoir in 1907. - - - _THE LIBRARY COTTAGE or EAST COTTAGE_ - -This cottage, called the Pavilion by Mrs. Davis, was first used by -Jefferson Davis as both his living quarters and his library. Later, when -Mrs. Davis returned from Europe, he used it as a library and office in -combination. It was here that he wrote “The Rise and Fall of the -Confederate Government”, and a “Short History of the Confederate -States”. The office chair and desk were returned to Beauvoir by the -Davis heirs. His original desk in the left hand front corner of the room -and the desk in the center of the room were returned to Beauvoir by the -White House of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia in 1956. The easel -is the one Winnie used while painting either inside the cottage, on the -porch, or on the grounds. The book shelves were built under the -supervision of Mr. Davis. The valuable books now on these shelves are -largely Davis family books. Many of them are autographed by members of -the family. Added to this collection are Volumes I and II of the -Memorial Edition of “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”, -presented by the publishers, Garrett and Massie, for use in the cottage -where the manuscript for the two volumes was written. It was in regard -to Volume II of this great book, that President Davis’ friend, Judge C. -E. Fenner, said, “The whole argument of secession is practically -comprised in the fifteenth chapter of Part II of ‘The Rise and Fall of -the Confederate Government’”. - - [Illustration: _Dining Room_] - - [Illustration: _Back Parlor or Library_] - -The picture of Franklin Pierce to the left of the period clock on the -mantel was given by President Pierce to Jefferson Davis, his Secretary -of War from 1853-57. The picture to the right is one of Senator Jesse -Speight whose death in 1847 created the vacancy in the United States -Senate which Jefferson Davis filled by appointment from the Governor of -Mississippi. - - - THE CONFEDERATE MUSEUM - -To the east is the large building that was the hospital for the -Confederate Veterans Home during the many years it served the -Confederate veterans, and their wives and widows. Today this hospital -structure is the entranceway for the home. - -This building houses a collection of valued gifts which has grown up -with the home. Many items of historic interest in this period of -history, not directly connected with the Davis family, were moved to -this museum. - -Also in this building, an interesting Souvenir Shop is owned and -operated by Mrs. Salome Brady. - - - BEAUVOIR CONFEDERATE CEMETERY - - - WITH A SEMI-HISTORIC GLIMPSE OF THE REAR GROUNDS OF THE SHRINE - -A hallowed spot on the land, comprising the property of the Jefferson -Davis Shrine, is the Beauvoir Confederate Cemetery where about 800 -inmates of the Jefferson Davis Confederate Soldiers’ Home lie buried. -The grave of Samuel Emory Davis, father of Jefferson Davis, is near the -center, the remains and marker having been moved from the Brierfield -Plantation on the Mississippi River, south of Vicksburg, Mississippi. - -On the way to this secluded but loved burial ground, visitors pass along -the woodland pathway once used by Jefferson Davis in his frequent walks -around the grounds of this home of his old age. Almost daily in these -walks he would turn off, as the visitors might find it interesting to -do, to the little spring that he loved to sit by for its quietude and -surrounding natural beauty. - -Somewhat as it was in Davis’ time, there are magnificent trees, some old -and many young, bamboo, palmettos, ferns, wild flowers and other native -plants which give the Beauvoir grounds today the special appeal they -have to sightseeing guests. But of late years, along with this native -growth, has been added an informal planting of azaleas, camellias, -sasanquas, loquats and other flowering shrubs close by the winding -lagoon that has replaced old Oyster Bayou. Further on toward Beauvoir -House is a mass planting of camellias and shrubs, while on the opposite -side is a pretty rose garden, significant because of its being in the -same plot used by Mrs. Davis for her loved rose garden. It is this -combination of native and cultivated spots of beauty that makes the rear -of Jefferson Davis Shrine in keeping with the front of it, widely known -for the architectural attraction of the buildings and the almost -unadorned beauty of the surroundings. - - - _LIFE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS_ - - - CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE - -1808, June 3—Born in Fairview, Kentucky; moved to Woodville, Mississippi - when a small child. - -1813-1823—First 10 years of his education: home town log-cabin school; - St. Thomas’ Catholic College near Springfield, Kentucky, when only - 7 and 8 years old; Jefferson College near Natchez, Mississippi; - back home to Wilkinson County Academy; and 3 years at Transylvania - College, Lexington, Kentucky. - -1824-1828—Attended West Point Military Academy 4 years, graduated at the - age of 20; commissioned Second Lieutenant, 1st Infantry, July 1, - 1828. - -1828-1835—Promoted to 1st Lieutenant during his outstanding service on - the Western Frontier. - -1835, June 17—Resigned from the U.S. Army effective June 30; married - Colonel Zachary Taylor’s daughter, Sarah Knox Taylor, who died - September 15. - -1835-1844—Virtually a recluse for 7 years—time spent, for most part, in - study of philosophy and Constitutional Law, then followed a period - of travel with an enlivening interest in people and public - affairs. - -1845, February 26—Married Varina Howell of Natchez, Miss. - -1845—Elected a member of the House of Representatives of the U.S. - Congress. - -1846, July 21—Resigned from the House of Representatives for volunteer - service with the Mississippi troops in the Mexican War; appointed - Colonel of the First Mississippi Regiment which, under his heroic - leadership, won great renown at Monterey and Buena Vista. - -1847—Received a rousing welcome on his return from Mexico; appointed to - fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate, then elected to the Senate for - the following full term. - -1853-1857—Recognition given him for the outstanding worth of his - services to the nation, while Secretary of War under President - Franklin Pierce. - -1857—Again elected to the United States Senate. - -1861, January 21—Resigned from the Senate when Mississippi seceded from - the Union. - -1861, January 25—Commissioned Major General of the State’s Military - Forces by J. J. Pettus, Governor of Mississippi. - -1861, February 9—Elected President of the Confederate States of America - by the legally appointed delegates to the Convention of the - Seceding States in session at Montgomery, Alabama. - -1861, February 18—Inaugurated as President of the Confederate States of - America at Montgomery, Alabama, the first capital of the new - nation. - -1862, May 6—Baptized at the Executive Mansion and later confirmed in St. - Paul’s Episcopal Church by Bishop John Johns. - -1861-1865—Gave 4 years of dedicated service as Chief Executive of the - Confederate States of America and Commander-in-Chief of the - Nation’s Military Forces. - -1865, May 10—Captured with some of the members of his cabinet at - Irwinville, Georgia, while in flight from Richmond, Virginia to - set up a temporary capital elsewhere. - -1865, May 22—Imprisoned at Fortress Monroe on two charges—treason and - taking part in a conspiracy to assassinate President Lincoln. - -1867, May 13—Released from Fortress Monroe, Virginia on a bail bond - signed by Cornelius Vanderbilt, Horace Greeley, Augustus Schell - and others. - -1867-1876—Visited relatives, friends and noted acquaintances in Canada, - Cuba, England, Scotland, and Europe before returning to the United - States, where he accepted the presidency of a new Life Insurance - Company at Memphis, Tennessee. - -1877—With the failure of this Life Insurance Company, he gladly accepted - Mrs. Sarah Anne Dorsey’s solicitous offer of her home, Beauvoir, - as the quiet, restful place needed for concentration on the books - he was writing. - -1879-1889—Significant were these last 10 years of Davis’ life—because of - the completion of his great contribution to the history of the - South, “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”; his - satisfaction and deep-seated emotions over being the owner of - loved Beauvoir; and his sweet contentment and reserved happiness - in being again with his family and seeing, from time to time, his - close friends as well as interested and admiring associates. - -1889, December 6—With his wife at his bedside, died in New Orleans, - Louisiana at the home of his dear friend, J. U. Payne—(was on his - way back to Beauvoir from his Brierfield Plantation near - Vicksburg, Mississippi). - -1889, December 12—Body moved to City Hall, where it lay in state for - over four days before temporary burial in Metairie Cemetery in the - semi-underground vault of the Army of Northern Virginia, - surmounted by the statue of Stonewall Jackson. Reporting on the - funeral, the New Orleans Times Democrat said editorially: “This - generation will never again look upon the like of this day’s - funeral pageant—”. - -1893, May 27—The remains of Jefferson Davis in a heavy brass trimmed oak - casket removed from the temporary vault to Confederate Memorial - Hall. On the following day, in a touching speech, Governor Murphy - J. Foster of Louisiana, delivered the casket to the committee of - Veterans from Virginia sent to receive it. - -1893, May 28 to May 30—“The Great Chieftain’s Last Ride”—funeral train - made a brief stop at Beauvoir before making three full stops for - the body to lie in state in the capitols of Alabama, Georgia, and - North Carolina. - -1893, May 31—After lying in state in the Capitol at Richmond, Virginia - during the morning, the funeral procession, with Mrs. Davis and - her daughters, Margaret and Winnie, in a carriage directly back of - the caisson drawn by six white horses, slowly made its way to - Hollywood Cemetery, where there and along the streets leading to - the cemetery were gathered at least 75,000 people. A 21-gun salute - and taps were the final acts in the burial of the First and Only - President of the Confederate States of America. - - - _THE FAMILY OF JEFFERSON DAVIS_ - -The following data were obtained from the Department of Archives and -History, Jackson, Mississippi, and “Jefferson Davis’—Private Papers, -1823-1889” selected and edited by Hudson Strode—1966. - -Morgan Davis, ancestor of Jefferson Davis, came to Pennsylvania in 1684 -from Wales—the line of descent follows: Morgan Davis, father of John -Davis; John Davis, father of Evan Davis; Evan Davis, father of Samuel -Emory Davis; Samuel Emory Davis, father of Jefferson Davis. - -The children of Jefferson Davis and wife, Varina Howell Davis, follow: - - 1. Samuel Emory: born July 30, 1852; died June 30, 1854. - - 2. Margaret Howell: born February 25, 1855; married J. A. Hayes - January 1, 1876; died July 19, 1909. - - 3. Jefferson Davis, Jr.: born January 16, 1857; died October 10, 1878, - unmarried. - - 4. Joseph Evan: born April 18, 1859; died April 30, 1864. - - 5. William Howell: born December 16, 1861; died October 16, 1872. - - 6. Varina Anne (Winnie), “The Daughter of the Confederacy”: born June - 27, 1864; died September 18, 1898, unmarried. - - - PUBLICATIONS OF BEAUVOIR BOOKLETS - -“Historic Beauvoir” was compiled in 1932-1933 by Mrs. A. D. Spooner and -Mrs. R. C. Herron, Group Chairmen. It was revised and reprinted in 1939 -by Mrs. I. F. Galloway, Group Chairman. - -“Beauvoir—The Last Home of Jefferson Davis” was revised and renamed by -the Beauvoir Historical Committee, Mrs. H. D. Lindsey, Chairman, Mrs. -Rucks Yerger, Mrs. J. W. Atkinson, Mrs. W. F. O’Donnell and Dr. Margaret -Caraway. - -“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” was revised and renamed in 1945 by a -committee, Mrs. John L. Heiss, Chairman, Mrs. J. W. Atkinson, Mrs. J. P. -Pentecost and Mrs. George P. Hopkins. - -“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” was republished in 1958 by Mrs. John -L. Heiss, Chairman, Mrs. Hobart D. Shaw, Mrs. Salome Brady and Mrs. -George W. Taylor. - -“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” is again republished in 1968 by Mrs. -Salome Brady, Chairman, Mrs. E. V. Shove, Mrs. J. L. Heiss, Mrs. Lillian -Phillips, Mrs. Roy Craig and Mrs. J. O. Jones. - - - BIBLIOGRAPHY - -Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, His Letters, Papers, Speeches - Dr. Dunbar Rowland, _Editor_ - -Jefferson Davis—ex-President of the Confederate States of America - “A Memoir by His Wife” - -Harrison County, Mississippi, Chancery Court Records. - -Abstract of Title to James Brown’s Gulf Coast property. - -“The Great Chieftain’s Last Ride”—February 1955, L&N Magazine. - -Chapter 25, Laws of Mississippi—1904 Session. - -“Historic Beauvoir” - Mrs. Wilbur M. Jones - -“Questions and Answers”—several pamphlets concerning Beauvoir and the - Jefferson Davis family - Dr. W. A. Evans - -Up-to-date information supplied by W. A. Blackledge, resident manager of - the Jefferson Davis Shrine, Mrs. M. M. Murphy, Shrine hostess, and - Mrs. Salome Brady. - -Photographs by W. M. Cline Company, Audrey Murphy and Chauncey T. - Hinman. - - [Illustration: _Sketch of Beauvoir Grounds_] - - CEMETERY - FOOT PATH - FOOT PATH - Lagoon - BRIDGE - SPRING - FOOT PATH - FOOT PATH - KITCHEN - WEST OR HAYES COTTAGE - BEAUVOIR HOUSE - EAST OR LIBRARY COTTAGE - FORMER CONFEDERATE VETERANS HOME HOSPITAL - FORMER AREA OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS HOME BUILDINGS - PARKING AREA - PARKING AREA - U.S. HIGHWAY 90 - SEAWALL AND SAND BEACH - GULF OF MEXICO - - - ORIGIN OF THE BEAUVOIR BOOKLET - -In 1932 members of the three Gulf Coast chapters of the Mississippi -Division United Daughters of the Confederacy conceived the idea of the -publication of a Beauvoir Booklet, proceeds from the sale of which would -be used for UDC projects. Representatives of these chapters—Gulfport No. -1068, Beauvoir-Biloxi No. 623 and Beauvoir-Gulfport No. 621, have -revised and enlarged the original booklet as improvements and -development of the Home into a Shrine arose. This group is now -designated in the Division as District V. - - - - - THE FLAGS OF THE CONFEDERACY - - - [Illustration: Flags] - - No. 1. The “_Stars and Bars_,” the first “National Flag.” - No. 2. The “_Battle Flag_.” - No. 3. In 1863 replaced No. 1 as the “National Flag.” - No. 4. In 1865 replaced No. 3 as the “National Flag.” - No. 5. “_The Bonnie Blue Flag_.” - -No. 1. The “Stars and Bars” was the first National Flag of the -Confederate States of America. It was adopted by the Confederate -Congress, and raised at sunrise over the Confederate Capitol at -Montgomery, Alabama, March 4th, 1861, where the Provisional Congress was -holding its first session. At the time of its adoption, it was ordered -that a star be added to the flag for each new state joining the -Confederacy. This flag is used as the emblem of the United Daughters of -the Confederacy. - -No. 2. The “Battle Flag” was designed after the first Battle of -Manassas, and afterward was adopted by the Confederate Congress. The -reason for its adoption was that, in battle, the “Stars and Bars” was -frequently mistaken for the “Stars and Stripes”. It remained the Battle -Flag until the close of the war. This flag was the insignia of the -United Confederate Veterans, and is now the insignia of the Mississippi -Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. - -No. 3. To prevent further confusion arising from the mistaking of the -“Stars and Bars” for the “Stars and Stripes”, the Confederate Congress -on May 1, 1863, adopted a new National Flag. This flag is used as the -emblem of the Children of the Confederacy, and is well worth remembering -for its use on Stonewall Jackson’s casket. - -No. 4. On March 4, 1865, the Confederate Congress again changed the -design of the National Flag. This new design was adopted because the -second National Flag, when hanging limp, looked too much like a flag of -truce. For a time this flag was used as the insignia for the Mississippi -Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. - -No. 5. Before the “Stars and Bars” had been designed and adopted by the -Confederate Congress, a beautiful blue silk flag bearing a single star, -presented at the open meeting of the Mississippi Secession Convention in -the State Capitol at Jackson, Mississippi, January 9, 1861, was the -inspiration for the new Republic’s first Battle Song—“The Bonnie Blue -Flag”. The Irish comedian, Harry McCarthy, filling an engagement at the -Jackson theatre at that time, was a witness to the thrilling scene -following the adoption of the Ordinance of Secession, and penned the -original verses of The Bonnie Blue Flag as an expression of his aroused -emotion. He sang the song that night to a loudly applauding audience -overflowing the theatre. - - - - - JEFFERSON DAVIS’ RIGHTFUL PLACE IN HISTORY - By Mildred Lewis Rutherford, Historian - - -1. Distinguished services in the Black Hawk War. - -2. Served valiantly in the Mexican War. - -3. Hero at Monterey; wounded at Buena Vista; scaled the walls of the - City of Mexico. - -4. He introduced the wedge movement and saved the day at Buena Vista. - -5. United States Senator from Mississippi. - -6. Secretary of War in Pierce’s Cabinet. - -7. First to suggest transcontinental railroads connecting the Atlantic - with the Pacific. - -8. First to suggest camels as ships of the uninhabitable West to convey - military stores. - -9. First to suggest buying Panama Canal Zone. - -10. First to suggest buying Cuba. - -11. He planned American Trade with China and Japan. - -12. He suggested closer relations with South America. - -13. He urged preparedness in the event of an enemy attack. - -14. He enlarged the United States Army by four regiments. - -15. He organized cavalry service adapted to our needs. - -16. He introduced light infantry or rifle system of tactics. - -17. He caused the manufacture of guns, rifle, and pistols. - -18. He rendered invaluable service to Colt’s Armory. - -19. He ordered the frontier surveyed. - -20. He put young officers in training for surveying expeditions. - -21. He sent George McClellan to Crimea to study the military tactics of - British and the Russian armies. - -22. He appointed Robert E. Lee as Superintendent of West Point. - -23. He advanced Albert Disney Johnston to important posts. - -24. He had forts rebuilt and repaired. - -25. He strengthened forts on the Western frontier, frequently drawing on - arsenals in the South to do so. - -26. He had the Western part of the continent explored for scientific, - geographical and railroad work. - -27. He was responsible for the new Senate Hall, the new House of - Representatives, and for the extension of many public buildings in - Washington, especially the Treasury Building. - -28. He was responsible for the construction of the aqueduct in the - National Capital. - -29. He was responsible for Armed Liberty on the Capitol having a helmet - of eagle feathers instead of the cap of a pagan goddess. - -30. He had Cabin John Bridge with a span of 220 feet built. - -31. He was United States Senator under President Buchanan. - -32. He was nominated for President by Massachusetts men in 1860. - -33. He refused to allow his name to be presented for President at the - Charleston Convention. - -34. He stood strongly for the Union, but stressed the constitutional - right of a state to secede if it wished. - -35. He did secede with Mississippi, as he had been taught at West Point. - -36. Nowhere did his genius display itself more significantly than as - Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce. - -37. When it was known that he was to make his “Farewell Speech” to the - Senate in 1861, the building was crowded to overflowing. He was - one of the most gifted orators of the Congress. At West Point he - studied “Rawle’s View of the Constitution” and was taught that if - a state seceded the duty of a soldier reverted to his state—hence - Davis, Robert E. Lee, Thomas J. Jackson, the Johnstons, and others - acting upon this instruction cast their lot with their States in - 1861. - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine, by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUVOIR JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE *** - -***** This file should be named 60856-0.txt or 60856-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/8/5/60856/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:4.7em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; } -dl.pcap { margin-left:6em; font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: December 6, 2019 [EBook #60856] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUVOIR JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Beauvoir: Jefferson Davis Shrine" width="500" height="762" /> -</div> -<h1><span class="xxlarge"><i>Beauvoir</i></span> -<br /><span class="smallest blue i"><span class="smaller">FREELY TRANSLATED “BEAUTIFUL VIEW”</span></span> -<br /><span class="ssn"><span class="smallest">JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE</span></span></h1> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p00.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="419" /> -<p class="pcap"><span class="ss">BEAUVOIR HOUSE—LAST HOME OF JEFFERSON DAVIS</span></p> -</div> -<p class="center"><span class="ss"><span class="smaller">ON UNITED STATES HIGHWAY 90 -<br />MIDWAY BETWEEN BILOXI AND GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI</span></span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_2">2</div> -<div class="img" id="fig2"> -<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="" width="595" height="799" /> -<p class="pcap"><span class="large"><i>Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson Davis</i></span></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<h1 title="">BEAUVOIR -<br /><i>Jefferson Davis Shrine</i></h1> -<p>Beauvoir, freely translated “<i>beautiful view</i>,” is located on -U. S. Highway 90 about halfway between Gulfport and Biloxi -on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. It was originally part of a tract -of land that James Brown, a prosperous planter of Madison -County, Mississippi bought September 2, 1848, by Contract -and Agreement from John Henderson of Pass Christian, with -the right to build a family residence on it before the title -was cleared. Acting upon this legal agreement, Brown paid -Henderson $900.00 in cash toward the purchase price of -$2,000.00, and gave him a note for the additional $1,100.00, -which was to be paid on receipt of a deed proving his title -to the land had been cleared.</p> -<p>Although the residence and outlying buildings were completed -by 1852, James Brown did not obtain a deed to the -property until July 16, 1855, when he bid it in for $3,000.00 -at a Harrison County Court Auction. To this tract of land -he had added, in the meantime, a small piece bought from -the Tegardens for $250.00.</p> -<p>James Brown was said to have been his own architect -and building superintendent for both the Mansion and the -cottages he built on his new home site. He brought slaves -from his plantation in Madison County to do much of the -building; but, for the higher grade of work needed, he employed -carpenters and decorators from New Orleans. The -cypress used was from the Back Bay swamp section, with -most of the timber cut at Handsboro and on the place. The -slate for the roof was imported from England. The buildings -thus planned and constructed were the Mansion, a -Louisiana plantation type house known as Beauvoir House -since the time of its occupancy by the Davis family, one -cottage to the east of this main building and one to the west. -A four room cottage in the rear, which was on the property -when purchased, was used by the owner and his family while -<span class="pb" id="Page_4">4</span> -the other buildings were being constructed, and later became -the kitchen and servants’ quarters for the families of both -James Brown and Jefferson Davis.</p> -<p>Information from Mrs. Hobart D. (Olive Brown) Shaw -of Gulfport, Mississippi, granddaughter of James Brown and -the daughter of Joseph W. Brown who was born in this, the -family home on the Mississippi Gulf Coast, explains the practical -use her grandfather made of the two cottages on the -grounds, formerly identical in structure—the one on the -east, the plantation office, used also as a school room for the -younger children who were taught by a governess; the one -on the west, the Guest Cottage, often called the Circuit -Rider’s House from the frequent use made of it by the traveling -Methodist minister in that section.</p> -<p>From September 2, 1848 until May 1873, James Brown -was the owner of the Mansion and its surrounding eighty-eight -acres more or less, either by Contract and Agreement -or by a deed. In May of 1873, after the death of James Brown, -it was sold under a decree of the United States Court for the -Southern District of Mississippi, and was conveyed by deed -of special commissioners to Frank Johnston of Jackson, Mississippi. -Through a special warranty deed given by Frank -Johnston July 7, 1873, Beauvoir became the property of Mrs. -Sarah A. Dorsey, wife of Samuel W. Dorsey.</p> -<p>When Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey (Sarah Ellis Dorsey) of Tensas -Parish, Louisiana bought the Brown property, she gave -it its picturesque name, “Beauvoir”. Her ownership of this -beautiful coast property was brief, ending Feb. 19, 1879; but -her use of it, for the most part, during the years she did own -it and her final disposition of it by both will and deed caused -Beauvoir to become historic Beauvoir, and made her worthy -of outstanding recognition for the splendid contribution she -thus made to the welfare of Jefferson Davis.</p> -<p>It was the spring of 1877 that Jefferson Davis, then 69 -years old, came back to his beloved Mississippi, seeking rest -<span class="pb" id="Page_5">5</span> -and a place to write an authentic account of the Confederate -government that he had administered for four years as the -President of the Confederate States of America. It was fortunate -for him that just at that time Mrs. Dorsey, an old -schoolmate of Mrs. Davis and one deeply appreciative of his -great service to the South, invited him for a visit to Beauvoir; -for there he found the place and the congenial atmosphere -ideal for the rest he so badly needed and for the work he had -in mind. He rented the east cottage, now called the Library -Cottage, and fitted the front room with book shelves and -furniture at his own expense. He used the second room for -his bedroom and prepared the third for his son, Jefferson -Davis, Jr. His son made little use of this room, however, occupying -it only a few months in 1877, since he died of yellow -fever soon afterwards in Memphis. It was later used as a -study by Varina Anne (Winnie), youngest child of Mr. and -Mrs. Davis.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig3"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="484" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Memorial Arch—Entrance to Beauvoir</i></p> -</div> -<p>After arrangements were made for board for himself -and family, when they could be with him, Davis began work -<span class="pb" id="Page_6">6</span> -on the history of the Confederate government, which he felt -impelled to write. Mrs. Dorsey’s recognition of the value of -such a book to the South caused her to donate her services -for the clerical help Davis had in writing a part of the first -volume of this great two volume history. By this time (April -1878) Mrs. Davis had returned from abroad, leaving Winnie -to continue her studies in Carlsruhe, Germany. From the -time of her arrival at Beauvoir, Mrs. Davis gave her services -lovingly and untiringly as her husband’s secretary, until he -finally completed the two volumes, composing “The Rise -and Fall of the Confederate Government”, and wrote also a -“Short History of the Confederate States”.</p> -<p>When Jefferson Davis came to Beauvoir he was, as has -been said, “A citizen of no land under the sun, proscribed, -misrepresented, and derided”; yet he kept his heart free from -bitterness and used the higher mental powers that were still -his in his old age, in writing his invaluable elucidation of the -government of the Confederate States of America from 1861 -to 1865.</p> -<p>Twelve years Jefferson Davis lived at Beauvoir. It was -in his second year of residence there, Feb. 19, 1879, that he -contracted with Mrs. Dorsey, widow of Samuel Dorsey, to -buy for $5,500.00 the Beauvoir property, that she had owned -for approximately six years. This deed of sale is found in -Book 16, Harrison County, Mississippi Record of Deeds, -pages 328-329. But, less than six months after the first payment -was made for the purchase of this property, Mrs. Dorsey -died leaving a will dated the previous year, January 4, 1878, -which made Jefferson Davis heir to all she died possessed of—Beauvoir -and five plantations. But regardless of his inheritance -of Beauvoir through the terms of Mrs. Dorsey’s -will, Davis based his claim to Beauvoir on the deed, recording -his purchase of it February 19, 1879. One explanation -found for this claim is that the notes still due on the purchase -price of Beauvoir were paid in liquidating the debts against -Mrs. Dorsey’s estate.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div> -<p>Among the Harrison County court records is a Contract -and Agreement entered into by the two parties, Mrs. Sarah -A. Dorsey and Jefferson Davis, signed March 20, 1879, -which provided for their joint interest in the Beauvoir vineyard -and orange grove during their natural lives—same to -be cultivated and gathered on joint account.</p> -<p>The following clause of Mrs. Dorsey’s will expresses her -great admiration and reverence for the ex-President of the -Confederate States of America: “If Davis should not survive -me, I give all that I have bequeathed to him to his youngest -daughter Varina. I do not intend to share in the ingratitude -of my country toward the man who is in my eyes the highest -and noblest in existence”.</p> -<p>This last will and testament of Mrs. Sarah Anne Dorsey -was probated July 15, 1879 in the office of the Second District -Court for the Parish of Orleans, the home State of the -testatrix. It is interesting to note that there was no record -made of this will in the office of the Chancery Clerk of Harrison -County, Mississippi, until Judge A. McC. Kimbrough, -acting for Mrs. Davis in the sale of Beauvoir in 1902, had -the Louisiana records of the probation of the Dorsey will -made a part of Harrison County records of wills.</p> -<p>Due, no doubt, to the provision in Mrs. Dorsey’s will for -his youngest daughter’s inheritance of Beauvoir if he (Davis) -did not survive her, Jefferson Davis willed this particular -piece of property to his daughter Varina Anne (Winnie). -However, there is no question as to its being in accord with -his own heart’s desire to have Beauvoir pass to Winnie who -as a child had been, as he said, “His only gleam of light in -that long night” while imprisoned at Fortress Monroe; and -who as a young lady had been, as Mrs. Davis said, “The harp -of their lonely hearts”.</p> -<p>Winnie’s ownership of Beauvoir was from her father’s -death, Dec. 6, 1889 until her death, Sept. 18, 1898, when it -then through her will became the property of her mother. -<span class="pb" id="Page_8">8</span> -During the years that Winnie owned Beauvoir, both she and -her mother spent much of their time in New York, where -she used her talent as an artist and writer, and her mother, -hers as a writer, as an added source of income. The years -they spent in the North were made more interesting and -enjoyable through their acquaintance and, in some cases, -friendships with certain men and women of like culture and -talents from that section.</p> -<p>When about to leave on a trip to Egypt, Feb. 11, 1898, -Winnie wrote her will naming her mother as heir to Beauvoir. -This will was recorded in Louisiana, Oct. 27, 1898, but -was not put on record in Mississippi until April 20, 1902.</p> -<p>When Mrs. Davis became the owner of Beauvoir, her -failing health and her lack of sufficient income for the upkeep -of the property, and her own needs as well, made it -necessary that she sell this property, which she and Winnie -had always valued more for their treasured memories associated -with it than for its material worth. Proof of the -depth of feeling Mrs. Davis had for Beauvoir as the last and -greatly loved home of her beloved husband, the only President -of the Confederate States of America, is found in her -refusal of the offer of $90,000.00 from those planning to purchase -it for hotel purposes, and her acceptance of $10,000.00 -from the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans, -whose plans for its use were in accord with the provisions -upon which she conditioned the sale.</p> -<p>Regardless of how the plan originated for the conversion -of Beauvoir into a home for Confederate veterans, and their -wives and widows, great credit is due Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough -for leaving no stone unturned in her efforts to induce -the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans to -make the offer that Mrs. Davis so readily accepted. However, -other UDC members throughout the state had a part also in -influencing the purchase of Beauvoir for a Confederate Soldiers -home and in helping raise the money for the purchase.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div> -<div class="img" id="fig4"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="483" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Reception Hall—Extends the Length of the House</i></p> -</div> -<p>The Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans -took title to Beauvoir on October 10, 1902, and in so doing -accepted the obligation to carry out the conditions imposed -by Mrs. Davis, the most important of which were the requirements -that Beauvoir be used as a Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ -Home for ex-Confederate soldiers and sailors, their -wives and widows, orphans and slaves, as long as there was -need for such a home; and that Beauvoir House be set apart -as a memorial solely to Jefferson Davis and his family and be -maintained as it was during its occupancy by them.</p> -<p>As soon as the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate -Veterans purchased Beauvoir, their organization together -with the Daughters of the Confederacy influenced the passage -by the Mississippi Legislature of Bill 179—Chapter 25 of -the Laws of Mississippi of 1904, which accepted for the State -temporary control of the entire Beauvoir property, and obligated -the support and maintenance of it as a Jefferson Davis -Soldiers’ Home for Confederate veterans, their wives and -<span class="pb" id="Page_10">10</span> -widows, without accepting Mrs. Davis’ provision for the care -also of orphans and slaves.</p> -<p>From 1904 to July 1940 the State continued its control -of Beauvoir in accordance with the provisions set forth in the -Legislative Act passed. But during the months that intervened -between the purchase of Beauvoir by the Mississippi Division -Sons of Confederate Veterans and the State’s acceptance of -control of it as a Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home, the Mississippi -Division United Daughters of the Confederacy was -granted permission to take over the property, furnish and -manage it as a Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ Home for those ex-Confederate -soldiers, sailors, and their wives and widows in -need of immediate care. Mississippi Division records show -that $3,000.00 was expended by the organization for this purpose, -in addition to the necessary furniture and linens donated -for the most part by the Daughters on the Mississippi -Gulf Coast.</p> -<p>In 1903 there was a great need for the Jefferson Davis -Soldiers’ Home for Confederate veterans, their wives and -widows. In 1940 that need had so lessened that the Mississippi -Division Sons of Confederate Veterans had a bill passed by -the Legislature, authorizing the conversion of Beauvoir into -a Jefferson Davis Shrine, but setting aside the southeast -grounds of the property for use by the State in its continuation -of the maintenance of the Jefferson Davis Soldiers’ -Home, as long as there was need for such an institution.</p> -<p>According to the decision of the State of Mississippi, the -need for this Confederate Soldiers’ Home ended June 30, -1956; so the State returned these southeast grounds to the -Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate Veterans, and it became -thereafter a part of the Jefferson Davis Shrine.</p> -<p>The act of the Mississippi Legislature authorizing the -conversion of Beauvoir into a Jefferson Davis Shrine, provided -for the management of the Shrine by a Board of Trustees -composed of six members—two from the Mississippi Division -<span class="pb" id="Page_11">11</span> -Sons of Confederate Veterans, two from the Mississippi -Division United Daughters of the Confederacy, and two appointed -by the Governor of the State.</p> -<p>In July 1940 the first Board of Trustees of the Jefferson -Davis Shrine began the work of converting Beauvoir into a -shrine. In six months time, February 8, 1941, the restoration -program had progressed so rapidly the doors were open to -visitors. Five months later, June 3, 1941, the restoration plans -were completed; and Beauvoir was formally dedicated as the -Jefferson Davis Shrine.</p> -<p>To accomplish so much so soon and so successfully took -the whole hearted backing of the members of this first Board -of Trustees and the splendid cooperation given by others -from whom information and assistance were sought. But it -must never be forgotten that the real credit for planning and -carrying to completion the program for the restoration of -Beauvoir is due the late Dr. W. A. Evans of Aberdeen, Mississippi, -who was the first Chairman of the Board of Trustees -and Resident Director of the actual work done.</p> -<p>A leading part in both the initial and the follow-up work -necessary to bring about this conversion of Beauvoir into a -Jefferson Davis Shrine was taken by Mr. W. K. Herrin, at -that time Commander of the Mississippi Division Sons of -Confederate Veterans and Mrs. J. P. Pentecost, at the same -time President of Mississippi Division United Daughters of -the Confederacy. Honorable Maxwell Bramlett, State Senator -from Wilkinson County, was in charge of the bill which authorized -the establishment of the Shrine. He also worked -untiringly with the other Sons for the passage of the Bill, -appropriating $20,000.00 for the restoration of Beauvoir as a -Jefferson Davis Shrine.</p> -<p>Through a per capita assessment, the general organization -of the United Daughters of the Confederacy contributed -$5,482.66 toward the restoration. However, the Mississippi -Division accepted a much larger per capita assessment, and -<span class="pb" id="Page_12">12</span> -by raising the $55,000.00 thus obligated, paid heartfelt tribute -to Mississippi’s greatest citizen, the embodiment of Confederate -ideals—the first and only President of the Confederate -States of America.</p> -<p>Around 1954 the Mississippi Division Sons of Confederate -Veterans changed the management of Beauvoir by placing -Beauvoir property under the over-all control of their -Board of Directors, and the Shrine proper under a Board of -Trustees, appointed by and from their organization except -one member chosen by them from the Mississippi Division -United Daughters of the Confederacy.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>BEAUVOIR MARKERS</i></h3> -<p>The granite boulder on the Jefferson Davis Highway, -marking the last home of Jefferson Davis, was erected in -June 1929. It was obtained through the efforts of Mrs. A. -McC. Kimbrough and the generosity of T. A. McGahey of -the Columbus Marble Works.</p> -<p>The marble Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway marker -on Highway 90 was erected in 1944 by the Mississippi Highway -Department. It was dedicated June 3, 1945.</p> -<p>The marker in front of Beauvoir House on Highway 90 -was dedicated by the Mississippi Historical Marker Commission -on November 7, 1953.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>MEMORIAL ARCH</i></h3> -<p>The imposing marble Memorial Arch, serving as a gateway -for the main entrance to Beauvoir, was erected in 1917 -by the Mississippi Division United Daughters of the Confederacy.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>THE APPROACH TO BEAUVOIR HOUSE</i></h3> -<p>Some of the attractive features of the approach to Beauvoir -House are the huge live oak trees, festooned with gray -moss; the few remaining ancient cedars, marking the dim -outline of the once circular driveway; the flowers and shrubs, -planted to simulate the use made of them in the old days; -the broad brick walk, replacing the old shell walk, leading -direct to the fan shaped steps of hand dressed cypress with -hand turned spindle bannisters; the inviting broad galleries, -extending far around on either side of the house; and the -large double doors, with the upper portion small panes of -choice etched glass, serving as an artistic entrance doorway.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div> -<div class="img" id="fig5"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="632" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Front Parlor</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig6"> -<img src="images/p04a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="478" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Winnie Davis’ Rosewood Knabe Piano in Front Parlor</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div> -<h3 class="center"><i>DESCRIPTIONS of INTERIOR of BEAUVOIR HOUSE</i></h3> -<h4>RECEPTION HALL</h4> -<p>The spacious reception hall that extends the length of -the main part of Beauvoir House immediately claims attention -by its now seldom seen rounded corners, unusually high -ceiling, and beautifully frescoed walls and ceiling done by -the German artist Meuhler, later retouched by a talented -decorator. But there is great interest also in the furnishings, -almost all of which were used by Jefferson Davis and his -family during their occupancy of Beauvoir, and either kept -there or returned later.</p> -<p>The original pieces found here are the two hall seats, -octagon in form, built under the supervision of Mrs. Davis; -the large sideboard, unusual in design, placed here for use -when the guests were too many to be served in the regular -dining room; the silver tray on the sideboard, and the painting -above it, La Bella de Tiziano from a collection of Baroness -Alphonse de Rothschild of Paris; the much admired pier -mirror and console table of rosewood, purchased in Paris by -Mrs. Davis in 1870; the large square table with its fine -marble top, said to have been used by Jefferson Davis while -in the first White House of the Confederacy; and the handsome -mahogany secretary at the far end of the room. Also -of interest in this inviting hall is the painting of Joseph Davis, -favorite brother of Jefferson Davis, sent the Shrine by his -great-niece from New York.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div> -<h4>FIRST OF THE DOUBLE PARLORS—THE FRONT PARLOR</h4> -<p>The Front Parlor used by the Davis family as their parlor -has, as has the back parlor or library, the same rounded -corners, high ceiling, and frescoed walls and ceiling found -in the reception hall. It is furnished almost entirely with original -pieces; but the fine portrait of Jefferson Davis made -after his 81st birthday is not one of these. It was painted by -G. B. Matthews and presented to the Shrine by Mrs. Darling -of New York. At the left of the door is a portrait of Mr. -Davis’ mother.</p> -<p>The original pieces are the rosewood Knabe piano and -the music book on it, loved possessions of Winnie Davis; the -Davis Coat of Arms, painted by Winnie; the handsome -center table, never moved from Beauvoir; the rosewood sofa -and two armchairs and later the four matching little side -chairs, returned by a great-granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. -Davis; and the small painting by the piano, done by Mrs. -Davis of the hotel where she last lived—Hotel Gramatan, -Lawrence Park, Bronxville, New York. It was given by a -faithful servant of Mr. and Mrs. Davis to the UDC Chapter -No. 858 of Chicago, and presented by the Chapter to the -Shrine. The draperies, carpet, small pecan wood chair, and -harp, are not Davis pieces.</p> -<h4>THE BACK PARLOR, LIBRARY FOR THE DAVIS FAMILY</h4> -<p>The Library, used also for daily family gatherings by Mr. -and Mrs. Davis, contains the following furnishings originally -in use there and later returned to the Shrine by Davis descendants -in Colorado; a pair of sofas (gentleman’s in leather -and lady’s in fabric); marble bust of two year old Samuel -Davis, first child of Mr. and Mrs. Davis; desk with double -section of drawers and the large book on the desk, Winnie’s -dictionary. Here also is the large Oriental rug just recently -returned to Beauvoir House. Other interesting pieces in the -room are the cane seated chair, used by Jefferson Davis in -the United States Senate Chamber, and the bookcases, with -grilled doors of heavy wire, filling every inch of wall space. -These bookcases, copies of ones Jefferson Davis saw in use in -Washington, were built and installed under his supervision.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div> -<div class="img" id="fig7"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="235" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>View of West or Hayes Cottage, Beauvoir House and East or Library Cottage</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig8"> -<img src="images/p05a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="481" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Bedroom of Jefferson Davis</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div> -<div class="img" id="fig9"> -<img src="images/p05c.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="480" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>East Cottage or Library Where Jefferson Davis Wrote “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_18">18</div> -<h4>WINNIE DAVIS MEMORIAL ROOM</h4> -<p>The front room on the right of the reception hall was, -according to Mrs. Davis’ will, the room of Miss Varina Anne -(Winnie) Davis, “The Daughter of the Confederacy”. Her -request was that this room and the other rooms of members -of the family, who lived in Beauvoir House, be kept and -preserved as a memorial to each occupant. In planning to -refurnish this front room on the right as a memorial to -Winnie Davis, it was found that only a few pieces of the -original furnishings were left. It was then that the ever constant -lover of Confederate ideals and the exponent of those -ideals, the late Walter Lampton of Columbia, Mississippi and -the Gulf Coast, supplied the money for certain members of -the UDC to purchase the necessary period furniture which -was to be as similar as possible to the suite of furniture -formerly used by Winnie in this room. To this period furniture -was added the following original pieces already there, -or returned to the Shrine by members of the Davis family—the -washstand, washstand set, two little cane seated chairs, -little slipper chair and rocker, the table, flowers pressed by -Winnie, framed and hung; the book, “An Irish Knight”, -written by Varina Anne (Winnie) Davis and published in -1888, and one of her favorite books, “The Poetical Works of -Sir Walter Scott”.</p> -<p>Topping in interest the other pieces in the room is the oil -painting of Winnie hanging over the mantel. It was painted -by the Swiss artist, Rupel, for Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough who -presented it to the Shrine to make sure that a true likeness -of this favorite daughter of the South would be preserved. -In this picture Winnie is shown in the crown jewels and -robe she wore as Queen of Comus for the New Orleans -Mardi Gras in 1892. She had served as a Maid of this Court -in 1884 when Mildred Lee, the daughter of Robert E. Lee, -was its Queen.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div> -<h4>MARGARET DAVIS HAYES MEMORIAL ROOM</h4> -<p>The second room on the right is a memorial to Margaret -Davis Hayes. It contains the bedroom suite of burled walnut -formerly used in this room. This furniture had been sent -from Beauvoir after it was no longer the Davis home, and -thirty-nine years later it was shipped back in the same crates -with labels in Mrs. Davis’ handwriting still on them. The -pillow cases on Margaret’s bed were among the linens used -by Mrs. Davis, when newly wedded to Jefferson Davis. -Grouped around the mantel in this room are pictures of -the homes, important in the lives of both Mr. and Mrs. -Davis—the one in the center, Mrs. Davis’ girlhood home, -“The Briars”, in Natchez, where she and Jefferson Davis were -married; the one on the right, “Rosemont”, at Woodville, -Mississippi, Davis’ boyhood home; and the one on the left, -“Beauvoir”, the last home of Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson Davis. -The most important of the Hayes family photographs, making -this room distinctive as a memorial to Margaret Davis -Hayes, is the one of Margaret herself with her baby, Jefferson -Addison Hayes, whose name was legally changed to Jefferson -Hayes Davis to make it possible for the renowned name, -“Jefferson Davis”, to be passed from son to son for years -to come.</p> -<h4>JEFFERSON DAVIS ROOM</h4> -<p>The rooms occupied by Jefferson Davis and Mrs. Davis, -with a connecting door between, form an offset on the west -side of the house to the left of the back parlor or family -study. Jefferson Davis’ room faces the Gulf and has the advantage -of being entered from the front or back without -passing through any other room. The furnishings in this -room, that were there when Jefferson Davis was an occupant -of it, are the large rocking chair, the bed, the washstand and -washstand set, towel rack, cigar stand, and the leather foot -locker or small trunk used by him during the Mexican War -and for trips abroad, when ex-President of the Confederate -States of America. Hanging over the bed is a framed garland -of flowers made from pieces of cloth, similar in color to the -flowers copied to make this attractive but unusual piece. On -the back of it is this explanation, written by Mrs. Davis—“Hearing -Jefferson Davis was dying and lacked comforts in -Fortress Monroe, the Southern women made this piece of -work as a cushion cover and sent it to him among other -things. 350 women took a few stitches on this gift sent in -1866”. The painting over the mantel is Mrs. Davis as she was -in 1898. The photograph below on the left is Mrs. Davis as -a young girl. On the right is one of Winnie as a child, and -below it, one of Jefferson Davis, Jr., in costume.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_20">20</div> -<div class="img" id="fig10"> -<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="479" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Bedroom of Mrs. Jefferson Davis</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig11"> -<img src="images/p06a.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="556" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Floor Plan of Residential Floor</i></p> -</div> -<dl class="undent pcap"><dt>1. Porch or Gallery</dt> -<dt>2. Reception Hall</dt> -<dt>3. Front Parlor</dt> -<dt>4. Winnie Davis Memorial Room</dt> -<dt>5. Back Parlor or Library</dt> -<dt>6. Margaret Davis Hayes Memorial Room</dt> -<dt>7. Rear Porch or Galley</dt> -<dt>8. Jefferson Davis’ Room</dt> -<dt>9. Mrs. Davis’ Room</dt> -<dt>10. Dining Room</dt> -<dt>11. Butler’s Pantry and Children’s Dining Room</dt> -<dt>12. Inside Stairway to Museum on Ground Floor</dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div> -<div class="img" id="fig12"> -<img src="images/p06c.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="600" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis Memorial Room</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig13"> -<img src="images/p06d.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="480" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Margaret Davis Hayes Memorial Room</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div> -<h4>MRS. DAVIS ROOM</h4> -<p>This room, opening into Jefferson Davis’ room, has the -added attraction of having in it two of the five closets in -Beauvoir House, as well as a north window overlooking Mrs. -Davis’ rose garden. The original furnishings are the armoire, -sewing machine, spool washstand table, washstand -set, the candle stand or bedside table, and a treasured book, -“Manual of Family Devotion”, presented to Mrs. Davis by -Bishop C. T. Quintard (Bishop of Tennessee—1865-1898), -and inscribed as follows: “To Mrs. Davis with God’s blessing -from C. T. Quintard”. The sampler over the mantel was -made by a granddaughter out of a black alpaca dress that belonged -to Mrs. Davis. The wild turkey feather fan, displayed -in a frame, was made for and used by Mrs. Davis. Two interesting -pictures in the room are the picture of the Davis -children made in 1865, and the one of Jefferson Davis, Jr., -the last one made of him before he died.</p> -<h4>DINING ROOM</h4> -<p>The table, chairs, and large sideboard in the dining room -are original Davis pieces, given to Judge and Mrs. A. McC. -Kimbrough of Greenwood, Mississippi and the Gulf Coast, -when Beauvoir was dismantled. They were kept intact by -them as long as they lived, and by their family after their -deaths. Later, responding to the need of these original pieces -in making Beauvoir a Jefferson Davis Shrine, the Kimbrough -<span class="pb" id="Page_23">23</span> -family loaned them for use in their original setting. The -painting on the board, forming a part of the mantel in this -small but attractive dining room, was done by Winnie Davis. -Draperies and glass curtains are replacements.</p> -<h4>BUTLER’S PANTRY AND CHILDREN’S DINING ROOM</h4> -<p>These rooms have been restored to their original state. -In the children’s dining room separated from the well arranged -butler’s pantry by a partial partition are a round oak -table and chairs in a size suitable for children. The willow -ware seen on the shelves was used by the Davis family when -they lived at Beauvoir. The original kitchen, used first by -the Brown family then the Davis family, was burned about -1927. A covered walkway connected the old kitchen with -Beauvoir House, where the back stairway led to the butler’s -pantry for dining room service.</p> -<h4>THE DAVIS MUSEUM</h4> -<p>The front portion of the ground floor has been put to -excellent use as a Davis Museum. Its theme is Jefferson Davis -and His Family. On this same ground floor, just back of the -museum, is a bricked-in room in which the meat was hung -and the wines stored. To the left of this room is the dry well -which served, to some extent, the purpose of a refrigerator.</p> -<h4>OTHER LARGE MUSEUM PIECES ON DISPLAY</h4> -<p>The phaeton, used by Mrs. Davis on her visiting days, has -been loaned by the Kimbrough heirs. Since Mrs. Davis was -short in stature, it was necessary to have special steps put on -the phaeton for her convenience.</p> -<p>The buggy that belonged to Jefferson Davis was purchased -by Dr. A. D. Harmanson, and has been given to the -Shrine by his daughters, Mrs. Pearl Harmanson Atkinson of -Biloxi, Mississippi and Mrs. Lillie Harmanson Marsh of Dallas, -Texas. Near the phaeton and the buggy is Winnie’s sidesaddle, -used by her on many rides on her favorite saddle -horse, Kitty.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div> -<p>The boat, Barbashela, is another interesting museum -piece. Captain Boland Leathers, a friend of long standing -of the Davis family, built this little boat for Winnie on the -bow of his steamship, Natchez. He gave it its Choctaw Indian -name, Barbashela, meaning “friend”. It also is on loan to the -Shrine by the Kimbrough heirs.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>THE WEST COTTAGE or HAYES COTTAGE</i></h3> -<p>During the occupancy of Beauvoir by Jefferson Davis and -his family, this West Cottage was enlarged to serve as their -Guest Cottage. But later, because so frequently used by the -elder daughter, Margaret Davis Hayes and her family, it -became known as the Hayes Cottage.</p> -<p>In the front room of this cottage is an attractive cottage -bedroom suite that was formerly used by Winnie Davis. The -Gulfport Chapter UDC No. 1068 obtained possession of it -and presented it to Beauvoir in 1907.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>THE LIBRARY COTTAGE or EAST COTTAGE</i></h3> -<p>This cottage, called the Pavilion by Mrs. Davis, was first -used by Jefferson Davis as both his living quarters and his -library. Later, when Mrs. Davis returned from Europe, he -used it as a library and office in combination. It was here -that he wrote “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”, -and a “Short History of the Confederate States”. -The office chair and desk were returned to Beauvoir by the -Davis heirs. His original desk in the left hand front corner -of the room and the desk in the center of the room were -returned to Beauvoir by the White House of the Confederacy -in Richmond, Virginia in 1956. The easel is the one Winnie -used while painting either inside the cottage, on the porch, -or on the grounds. The book shelves were built under the -supervision of Mr. Davis. The valuable books now on these -shelves are largely Davis family books. Many of them are -autographed by members of the family. Added to this collection -are Volumes I and II of the Memorial Edition of -“The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”, presented -by the publishers, Garrett and Massie, for use in the -cottage where the manuscript for the two volumes was -written. It was in regard to Volume II of this great book, -that President Davis’ friend, Judge C. E. Fenner, said, “The -whole argument of secession is practically comprised in the -fifteenth chapter of Part II of ‘The Rise and Fall of the Confederate -Government’”.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_25">25</div> -<div class="img" id="fig14"> -<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="480" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Dining Room</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig15"> -<img src="images/p07a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="478" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Back Parlor or Library</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div> -<p>The picture of Franklin Pierce to the left of the period -clock on the mantel was given by President Pierce to Jefferson -Davis, his Secretary of War from 1853-57. The picture to -the right is one of Senator Jesse Speight whose death in 1847 -created the vacancy in the United States Senate which Jefferson -Davis filled by appointment from the Governor of Mississippi.</p> -<h4>THE CONFEDERATE MUSEUM</h4> -<p>To the east is the large building that was the hospital for -the Confederate Veterans Home during the many years it -served the Confederate veterans, and their wives and widows. -Today this hospital structure is the entranceway for the home.</p> -<p>This building houses a collection of valued gifts which -has grown up with the home. Many items of historic interest -in this period of history, not directly connected with -the Davis family, were moved to this museum.</p> -<p>Also in this building, an interesting Souvenir Shop is -owned and operated by Mrs. Salome Brady.</p> -<h3 class="center">BEAUVOIR CONFEDERATE CEMETERY</h3> -<h4>WITH A SEMI-HISTORIC GLIMPSE OF THE REAR GROUNDS OF THE SHRINE</h4> -<p>A hallowed spot on the land, comprising the property of -the Jefferson Davis Shrine, is the Beauvoir Confederate Cemetery -where about 800 inmates of the Jefferson Davis Confederate -Soldiers’ Home lie buried. The grave of Samuel -Emory Davis, father of Jefferson Davis, is near the center, -<span class="pb" id="Page_27">27</span> -the remains and marker having been moved from the Brierfield -Plantation on the Mississippi River, south of Vicksburg, -Mississippi.</p> -<p>On the way to this secluded but loved burial ground, -visitors pass along the woodland pathway once used by Jefferson -Davis in his frequent walks around the grounds of -this home of his old age. Almost daily in these walks he -would turn off, as the visitors might find it interesting to -do, to the little spring that he loved to sit by for its quietude -and surrounding natural beauty.</p> -<p>Somewhat as it was in Davis’ time, there are magnificent -trees, some old and many young, bamboo, palmettos, ferns, -wild flowers and other native plants which give the Beauvoir -grounds today the special appeal they have to sightseeing -guests. But of late years, along with this native growth, has -been added an informal planting of azaleas, camellias, sasanquas, -loquats and other flowering shrubs close by the -winding lagoon that has replaced old Oyster Bayou. Further -on toward Beauvoir House is a mass planting of camellias -and shrubs, while on the opposite side is a pretty rose garden, -significant because of its being in the same plot used -by Mrs. Davis for her loved rose garden. It is this combination -of native and cultivated spots of beauty that makes the -rear of Jefferson Davis Shrine in keeping with the front of -it, widely known for the architectural attraction of the buildings -and the almost unadorned beauty of the surroundings.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>LIFE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS</i></h3> -<h4>CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE</h4> -<p class="revint">1808, June 3—Born in Fairview, Kentucky; moved to Woodville, -Mississippi when a small child.</p> -<p class="revint">1813-1823—First 10 years of his education: home town log-cabin -school; St. Thomas’ Catholic College near Springfield, Kentucky, -when only 7 and 8 years old; Jefferson College near Natchez, Mississippi; -back home to Wilkinson County Academy; and 3 years -at Transylvania College, Lexington, Kentucky.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_28">28</div> -<p class="revint">1824-1828—Attended West Point Military Academy 4 years, graduated -at the age of 20; commissioned Second Lieutenant, 1st Infantry, -July 1, 1828.</p> -<p class="revint">1828-1835—Promoted to 1st Lieutenant during his outstanding -service on the Western Frontier.</p> -<p class="revint">1835, June 17—Resigned from the U.S. Army effective June 30; -married Colonel Zachary Taylor’s daughter, Sarah Knox Taylor, -who died September 15.</p> -<p class="revint">1835-1844—Virtually a recluse for 7 years—time spent, for most -part, in study of philosophy and Constitutional Law, then followed -a period of travel with an enlivening interest in people -and public affairs.</p> -<p class="revint">1845, February 26—Married Varina Howell of Natchez, Miss.</p> -<p class="revint">1845—Elected a member of the House of Representatives of the -U.S. Congress.</p> -<p class="revint">1846, July 21—Resigned from the House of Representatives for volunteer -service with the Mississippi troops in the Mexican War; -appointed Colonel of the First Mississippi Regiment which, under -his heroic leadership, won great renown at Monterey and Buena -Vista.</p> -<p class="revint">1847—Received a rousing welcome on his return from Mexico; appointed -to fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate, then elected to the -Senate for the following full term.</p> -<p class="revint">1853-1857—Recognition given him for the outstanding worth of his -services to the nation, while Secretary of War under President -Franklin Pierce.</p> -<p class="revint">1857—Again elected to the United States Senate.</p> -<p class="revint">1861, January 21—Resigned from the Senate when Mississippi seceded -from the Union.</p> -<p class="revint">1861, January 25—Commissioned Major General of the State’s Military -Forces by J. J. Pettus, Governor of Mississippi.</p> -<p class="revint">1861, February 9—Elected President of the Confederate States of -America by the legally appointed delegates to the Convention of -the Seceding States in session at Montgomery, Alabama.</p> -<p class="revint">1861, February 18—Inaugurated as President of the Confederate -States of America at Montgomery, Alabama, the first capital of -the new nation.</p> -<p class="revint">1862, May 6—Baptized at the Executive Mansion and later confirmed -in St. Paul’s Episcopal Church by Bishop John Johns.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div> -<p class="revint">1861-1865—Gave 4 years of dedicated service as Chief Executive of -the Confederate States of America and Commander-in-Chief of -the Nation’s Military Forces.</p> -<p class="revint">1865, May 10—Captured with some of the members of his cabinet -at Irwinville, Georgia, while in flight from Richmond, Virginia -to set up a temporary capital elsewhere.</p> -<p class="revint">1865, May 22—Imprisoned at Fortress Monroe on two charges—treason -and taking part in a conspiracy to assassinate President -Lincoln.</p> -<p class="revint">1867, May 13—Released from Fortress Monroe, Virginia on a bail -bond signed by Cornelius Vanderbilt, Horace Greeley, Augustus -Schell and others.</p> -<p class="revint">1867-1876—Visited relatives, friends and noted acquaintances in -Canada, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Europe before returning -to the United States, where he accepted the presidency of a new -Life Insurance Company at Memphis, Tennessee.</p> -<p class="revint">1877—With the failure of this Life Insurance Company, he gladly -accepted Mrs. Sarah Anne Dorsey’s solicitous offer of her home, -Beauvoir, as the quiet, restful place needed for concentration on -the books he was writing.</p> -<p class="revint">1879-1889—Significant were these last 10 years of Davis’ life—because -of the completion of his great contribution to the history -of the South, “The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government”; -his satisfaction and deep-seated emotions over being the -owner of loved Beauvoir; and his sweet contentment and reserved -happiness in being again with his family and seeing, from -time to time, his close friends as well as interested and admiring -associates.</p> -<p class="revint">1889, December 6—With his wife at his bedside, died in New -Orleans, Louisiana at the home of his dear friend, J. U. Payne—(was -on his way back to Beauvoir from his Brierfield Plantation -near Vicksburg, Mississippi).</p> -<p class="revint">1889, December 12—Body moved to City Hall, where it lay in state -for over four days before temporary burial in Metairie Cemetery -in the semi-underground vault of the Army of Northern Virginia, -surmounted by the statue of Stonewall Jackson. Reporting -on the funeral, the New Orleans Times Democrat said editorially: -“This generation will never again look upon the like of this day’s -funeral pageant—”.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div> -<p class="revint">1893, May 27—The remains of Jefferson Davis in a heavy brass -trimmed oak casket removed from the temporary vault to Confederate -Memorial Hall. On the following day, in a touching -speech, Governor Murphy J. Foster of Louisiana, delivered the -casket to the committee of Veterans from Virginia sent to receive it.</p> -<p class="revint">1893, May 28 to May 30—“The Great Chieftain’s Last Ride”—funeral -train made a brief stop at Beauvoir before making three -full stops for the body to lie in state in the capitols of Alabama, -Georgia, and North Carolina.</p> -<p class="revint">1893, May 31—After lying in state in the Capitol at Richmond, -Virginia during the morning, the funeral procession, with Mrs. -Davis and her daughters, Margaret and Winnie, in a carriage -directly back of the caisson drawn by six white horses, slowly -made its way to Hollywood Cemetery, where there and along -the streets leading to the cemetery were gathered at least 75,000 -people. A 21-gun salute and taps were the final acts in the burial -of the First and Only President of the Confederate States of -America.</p> -<h3 class="center"><i>THE FAMILY OF JEFFERSON DAVIS</i></h3> -<p>The following data were obtained from the Department of Archives -and History, Jackson, Mississippi, and “Jefferson Davis’—Private -Papers, 1823-1889” selected and edited by Hudson Strode—1966.</p> -<p>Morgan Davis, ancestor of Jefferson Davis, came to Pennsylvania -in 1684 from Wales—the line of descent follows: Morgan Davis, -father of John Davis; John Davis, father of Evan Davis; Evan Davis, -father of Samuel Emory Davis; Samuel Emory Davis, father of Jefferson -Davis.</p> -<p>The children of Jefferson Davis and wife, Varina Howell Davis, -follow:</p> -<blockquote> -<p>1. Samuel Emory: born July 30, 1852; died June 30, 1854.</p> -<p>2. Margaret Howell: born February 25, 1855; married J. A. -Hayes January 1, 1876; died July 19, 1909.</p> -<p>3. Jefferson Davis, Jr.: born January 16, 1857; died October 10, -1878, unmarried.</p> -<p>4. Joseph Evan: born April 18, 1859; died April 30, 1864.</p> -<p>5. William Howell: born December 16, 1861; died October 16, -1872.</p> -<p>6. Varina Anne (Winnie), “The Daughter of the Confederacy”: -born June 27, 1864; died September 18, 1898, unmarried.</p> -</blockquote> -<div class="pb" id="Page_31">31</div> -<h4>PUBLICATIONS OF BEAUVOIR BOOKLETS</h4> -<p>“Historic Beauvoir” was compiled in 1932-1933 by Mrs. A. D. -Spooner and Mrs. R. C. Herron, Group Chairmen. It was revised -and reprinted in 1939 by Mrs. I. F. Galloway, Group Chairman.</p> -<p>“Beauvoir—The Last Home of Jefferson Davis” was revised -and renamed by the Beauvoir Historical Committee, Mrs. H. D. -Lindsey, Chairman, Mrs. Rucks Yerger, Mrs. J. W. Atkinson, Mrs. -W. F. O’Donnell and Dr. Margaret Caraway.</p> -<p>“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” was revised and renamed -in 1945 by a committee, Mrs. John L. Heiss, Chairman, Mrs. J. W. -Atkinson, Mrs. J. P. Pentecost and Mrs. George P. Hopkins.</p> -<p>“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” was republished in 1958 -by Mrs. John L. Heiss, Chairman, Mrs. Hobart D. Shaw, Mrs. Salome -Brady and Mrs. George W. Taylor.</p> -<p>“Beauvoir—Jefferson Davis Shrine” is again republished in -1968 by Mrs. Salome Brady, Chairman, Mrs. E. V. Shove, Mrs. J. L. -Heiss, Mrs. Lillian Phillips, Mrs. Roy Craig and Mrs. J. O. Jones.</p> -<h3 class="center">BIBLIOGRAPHY</h3> -<p class="revint">Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, His Letters, Papers, Speeches -<span class="lr">Dr. Dunbar Rowland, <i>Editor</i></span></p> -<p class="revint">Jefferson Davis—ex-President of the Confederate States of America -<span class="lr">“A Memoir by His Wife”</span></p> -<p class="revint">Harrison County, Mississippi, Chancery Court Records.</p> -<p class="revint">Abstract of Title to James Brown’s Gulf Coast property.</p> -<p class="revint">“The Great Chieftain’s Last Ride”—February 1955, L&N Magazine.</p> -<p class="revint">Chapter 25, Laws of Mississippi—1904 Session.</p> -<p class="revint">“Historic Beauvoir” -<span class="lr">Mrs. Wilbur M. Jones</span></p> -<p class="revint">“Questions and Answers”—several pamphlets concerning Beauvoir -and the Jefferson Davis family -<span class="lr">Dr. W. A. Evans</span></p> -<p class="revint">Up-to-date information supplied by W. A. Blackledge, resident manager -of the Jefferson Davis Shrine, Mrs. M. M. Murphy, Shrine -hostess, and Mrs. Salome Brady.</p> -<p class="revint">Photographs by W. M. Cline Company, Audrey Murphy and Chauncey -T. Hinman.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div> -<div class="img" id="fig16"> -<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="667" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Sketch of Beauvoir Grounds</i></p> -</div> -<dl class="undent pcap"><dt>CEMETERY</dt> -<dt>FOOT PATH</dt> -<dt>FOOT PATH</dt> -<dt>Lagoon</dt> -<dt>BRIDGE</dt> -<dt>SPRING</dt> -<dt>FOOT PATH</dt> -<dt>FOOT PATH</dt> -<dt>KITCHEN</dt> -<dt>WEST OR HAYES COTTAGE</dt> -<dt>BEAUVOIR HOUSE</dt> -<dt>EAST OR LIBRARY COTTAGE</dt> -<dt>FORMER CONFEDERATE VETERANS HOME HOSPITAL</dt> -<dt>FORMER AREA OF CONFEDERATE VETERANS HOME BUILDINGS</dt> -<dt>PARKING AREA</dt> -<dt>PARKING AREA</dt> -<dt>U.S. HIGHWAY 90</dt> -<dt>SEAWALL AND SAND BEACH</dt> -<dt>GULF OF MEXICO</dt></dl> -<h4>ORIGIN OF THE BEAUVOIR BOOKLET</h4> -<p>In 1932 members of the three Gulf Coast chapters of the Mississippi -Division United Daughters of the Confederacy conceived the -idea of the publication of a Beauvoir Booklet, proceeds from the sale -of which would be used for UDC projects. Representatives of these -chapters—Gulfport No. 1068, Beauvoir-Biloxi No. 623 and Beauvoir-Gulfport -No. 621, have revised and enlarged the original booklet as -improvements and development of the Home into a Shrine arose. -This group is now designated in the Division as District V.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small"><span class="large">THE FLAGS OF THE CONFEDERACY</span></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="Flags" width="500" height="695" /> -</div> -<dl class="undent"><dt>No. 1. The “<i>Stars and Bars</i>,” the first “National Flag.”</dt> -<dt>No. 2. The “<i>Battle Flag</i>.”</dt> -<dt>No. 3. In 1863 replaced No. 1 as the “National Flag.”</dt> -<dt>No. 4. In 1865 replaced No. 3 as the “National Flag.”</dt> -<dt>No. 5. “<i>The Bonnie Blue Flag</i>.”</dt></dl> -<p>No. 1. The “Stars and Bars” was the first National Flag of the -Confederate States of America. It was adopted by the Confederate -Congress, and raised at sunrise over the Confederate Capitol at Montgomery, -Alabama, March 4th, 1861, where the Provisional Congress -was holding its first session. At the time of its adoption, it was -ordered that a star be added to the flag for each new state joining -the Confederacy. This flag is used as the emblem of the United -Daughters of the Confederacy.</p> -<p>No. 2. The “Battle Flag” was designed after the first Battle of Manassas, -and afterward was adopted by the Confederate Congress. The -reason for its adoption was that, in battle, the “Stars and Bars” was -frequently mistaken for the “Stars and Stripes”. It remained the -Battle Flag until the close of the war. This flag was the insignia of -the United Confederate Veterans, and is now the insignia of the -Mississippi Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans.</p> -<p>No. 3. To prevent further confusion arising from the mistaking of -the “Stars and Bars” for the “Stars and Stripes”, the Confederate -Congress on May 1, 1863, adopted a new National Flag. This flag -is used as the emblem of the Children of the Confederacy, and is -well worth remembering for its use on Stonewall Jackson’s casket.</p> -<p>No. 4. On March 4, 1865, the Confederate Congress again changed -the design of the National Flag. This new design was adopted because -the second National Flag, when hanging limp, looked too -much like a flag of truce. For a time this flag was used as the insignia -for the Mississippi Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans.</p> -<p>No. 5. Before the “Stars and Bars” had been designed and adopted -by the Confederate Congress, a beautiful blue silk flag bearing a -single star, presented at the open meeting of the Mississippi Secession -Convention in the State Capitol at Jackson, Mississippi, January 9, -1861, was the inspiration for the new Republic’s first Battle Song—“The -Bonnie Blue Flag”. The Irish comedian, Harry McCarthy, -filling an engagement at the Jackson theatre at that time, was a -witness to the thrilling scene following the adoption of the Ordinance -of Secession, and penned the original verses of The Bonnie -Blue Flag as an expression of his aroused emotion. He sang the song -that night to a loudly applauding audience overflowing the theatre.</p> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small"><span class="large">JEFFERSON DAVIS’ RIGHTFUL PLACE IN HISTORY</span></span> -<br />By Mildred Lewis Rutherford, Historian</h2> -<p class="revint">1. Distinguished services in the Black Hawk War.</p> -<p class="revint">2. Served valiantly in the Mexican War.</p> -<p class="revint">3. Hero at Monterey; wounded at Buena Vista; scaled the walls of the City of Mexico.</p> -<p class="revint">4. He introduced the wedge movement and saved the day at Buena Vista.</p> -<p class="revint">5. United States Senator from Mississippi.</p> -<p class="revint">6. Secretary of War in Pierce’s Cabinet.</p> -<p class="revint">7. First to suggest transcontinental railroads connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific.</p> -<p class="revint">8. First to suggest camels as ships of the uninhabitable West to convey military stores.</p> -<p class="revint">9. First to suggest buying Panama Canal Zone.</p> -<p class="revint">10. First to suggest buying Cuba.</p> -<p class="revint">11. He planned American Trade with China and Japan.</p> -<p class="revint">12. He suggested closer relations with South America.</p> -<p class="revint">13. He urged preparedness in the event of an enemy attack.</p> -<p class="revint">14. He enlarged the United States Army by four regiments.</p> -<p class="revint">15. He organized cavalry service adapted to our needs.</p> -<p class="revint">16. He introduced light infantry or rifle system of tactics.</p> -<p class="revint">17. He caused the manufacture of guns, rifle, and pistols.</p> -<p class="revint">18. He rendered invaluable service to Colt’s Armory.</p> -<p class="revint">19. He ordered the frontier surveyed.</p> -<p class="revint">20. He put young officers in training for surveying expeditions.</p> -<p class="revint">21. He sent George McClellan to Crimea to study the military tactics of British and the -Russian armies.</p> -<p class="revint">22. He appointed Robert E. Lee as Superintendent of West Point.</p> -<p class="revint">23. He advanced Albert Disney Johnston to important posts.</p> -<p class="revint">24. He had forts rebuilt and repaired.</p> -<p class="revint">25. He strengthened forts on the Western frontier, frequently drawing on arsenals in -the South to do so.</p> -<p class="revint">26. He had the Western part of the continent explored for scientific, geographical and -railroad work.</p> -<p class="revint">27. He was responsible for the new Senate Hall, the new House of Representatives, and -for the extension of many public buildings in Washington, especially the Treasury -Building.</p> -<p class="revint">28. He was responsible for the construction of the aqueduct in the National Capital.</p> -<p class="revint">29. He was responsible for Armed Liberty on the Capitol having a helmet of eagle -feathers instead of the cap of a pagan goddess.</p> -<p class="revint">30. He had Cabin John Bridge with a span of 220 feet built.</p> -<p class="revint">31. He was United States Senator under President Buchanan.</p> -<p class="revint">32. He was nominated for President by Massachusetts men in 1860.</p> -<p class="revint">33. He refused to allow his name to be presented for President at the Charleston Convention.</p> -<p class="revint">34. He stood strongly for the Union, but stressed the constitutional right of a state -to secede if it wished.</p> -<p class="revint">35. He did secede with Mississippi, as he had been taught at West Point.</p> -<p class="revint">36. Nowhere did his genius display itself more significantly than as Secretary of War -under Franklin Pierce.</p> -<p class="revint">37. When it was known that he was to make his “Farewell Speech” to the Senate in 1861, -the building was crowded to overflowing. He was one of the most gifted orators of -the Congress. At West Point he studied “Rawle’s View of the Constitution” and was -taught that if a state seceded the duty of a soldier reverted to his state—hence -Davis, Robert E. Lee, Thomas J. Jackson, the Johnstons, and others acting upon this -instruction cast their lot with their States in 1861.</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Beauvoir Jefferson Davis Shrine, by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUVOIR JEFFERSON DAVIS SHRINE *** - -***** This file should be named 60856-h.htm or 60856-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/8/5/60856/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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