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diff --git a/old/60597-0.txt b/old/60597-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e3d5776..0000000 --- a/old/60597-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5796 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Postal Service (Fifth Edition), by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Postal Service (Fifth Edition) - -Author: Various - -Editor: J. J. O'Reilly - -Release Date: October 30, 2019 [EBook #60597] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POSTAL SERVICE (FIFTH EDITION) *** - - - - -Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, John Campbell and The -Philatelic Digital Library Project -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - Bold (black face) text is denoted by =equal signs=. - - Underlined text is denoted by ++double plus signs++. - - A missing word is denoted by the caret ^ . - - There is only one footnote in the book, referenced eight times from - the list of Carrier Stations on page 193, and it has been placed at - the end of that list. - - Fractions are shown in the format a-b/c, for example 7-2/25 or 1/4; - the original book used the format a b-c. - - Some other minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: POSTMASTER EDWARD M. MORGAN] - - - - - The Postal Service - - (Fifth Edition) - - - By J. J. O’REILLY - - EDITOR - - [Illustration: The Chief] - - THE GOVERNMENT WEEKLY - - - THE CHIEF PUBLISHING COMPANY - 5 BEEKMAN STREET - NEW YORK CITY - - - - - Copyrighted 1912 - By THE CHIEF PUBLISHING COMPANY - - [Illustration: (decorative icon)] - - - - -FOREWORD - - -No other branch of the Federal Government furnishes employment to -so many men as the postal service, particularly that branch of -it in which letter carriers and clerks are used. In every city -vacancies occur frequently, by reason of death, resignation or -transfer, and the prospects of employment are always good for -intelligent young men of studious habits. To secure an appointment -in the postal service, as in other fields of labor, one must prove -his fitness for the job desired. Uncle Sam requires that this shall -be done in an open competitive examination, and usually there -are hundreds, in the large cities thousands, competing in the -same examinations. Taking New York City as an example, the annual -appointments to each position average between 200 to 300, while -the eligible lists usually contain 1,000 to 1,500 each. From this -it will be seen that only a small percentage stand any show of -appointment. Those that do succeed are the men who took pains to -prepare themselves for the test by a careful study of the subjects -required. The purpose of this book is to help the candidate to -“brush up,” to direct him in self-improvement, and point the way -by which any person of ordinary intelligence, willing to devote -his leisure moments to study, can pass a good examination and get -within striking distance on the eligible list. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -CRADLE DAYS OF THE POSTAL SERVICE. - - -No Branch of the federal government more strikingly illustrates -the wonderful growth and extension of Uncle Sam’s business than -the Postal Service. Its history is the history of the commercial -and industrial development of the nation, for it has kept abreast, -so far as supplying the means of quick and reliable communication -is concerned, of the onward march of progress. It ought to be the -desire and the aim of every man and woman who purposes to take -up the postal service as a life career, to know something of its -history, its gradual evolution. Only in this way can they form a -just estimate of its relative value in the scheme of government, -and without such knowledge they will be merely perfunctory human -machines, void of that close personal attachment so necessary to -success in any undertaking. - -A review of the history of the postal service in America has all -the interest and charm of an old romance dealing with the life and -customs of a bygone age, particularly when depicted by one whose -heart and soul is wrapped up in the service, by one whose career -in itself is the best proof of what studious habits, devotion to -duty, and loyalty to the department can do for a man in the postal -service. That man is Edward M. Morgan, Postmaster of New York City, -who, starting as a letter-carrier in 1873, came up through the -ranks, grade by grade, until he was entrusted with the management -of one of the two largest post offices in the world. - - -Beginning of the Postal Service. - -Mr. Morgan in speaking of the history of the postal service says: - -“The post office played but a minor part in the early affairs -of New Amsterdam. For many years after the consummation of the -greatest real estate deal on record, which secured from the Indians -the whole island of Manhattan for twenty-four dollars, most of the -slight correspondence that was carried on was forwarded in the care -of chance travelers, or mutual friends of the correspondents. Later -the necessity of some sort of receiving place was felt and what -was known as the “Coffee House Delivery” came into use. Letters -were addressed to some popular coffee house or tavern, where, upon -receipt, they were “posted” in a conspicuous place in the public -room where they remained until by chance or gossip, the persons for -whom they were intended learned of their arrival. - - -New York’s First Post office. - -“That system in time came to be regarded as unsatisfactory, and in -1692, when New York, as it had then come to be called, was still -a quiet village of about five thousand inhabitants, the village -authorities passed an act or ordinance establishing a post office. -This was followed by the founding here, in 1710, of a “Chief -Letter Office” by the Postmaster-General of Great Britain, shortly -afterwards, arrangements were made for the delivery of mail from -Boston twice a month, and propositions were advertised for the -establishment of a post to Albany. The interesting feature of that -advertisement, to us who are accustomed to the speedy locomotion -of to-day, was that the mail was not to be carried by coach, or -boat, or even on horseback, but on foot. The records are hazy as to -the location of the first official post office in New York City, -but according to an advertisement that appeared in a paper of the -period, it was removed in 1732 from the quarters it then occupied -to “the uppermost of the two houses on Broadway, opposite Beaver -Street.” The year 1753 found it still in the same location. It was -closed on Sundays, and at other times it was open for business from -8 A. M. until noon, excepting on post nights, when business was -transacted until 10 P. M. - - -Annual Postal Receipt Less Than $3,000. - -“In 1786, during the administration of Sebastian Bauman, the -second postmaster after the close of the War of the Revolution, -there was a regular schedule for the arrival and dispatch of mails -between New York and Albany and New England, and also between New -York and the South. Mail from New England and Albany arrived on -Wednesday and Saturday in winter, and on Tuesday, Thursday and -Saturday in summer. The income of the office at that time was -$2,789.84. Compare that sum and the income for the twelve months -ended September 30, 1911, when, for the first time in the history -of the New York office, the receipts for any twelve consecutive -months passed the twenty million dollar mark, being exactly -$20,451,172.53.” - - -Franklin First Postmaster General. - -It is an interesting and singular coincidence, overlooked by -some of our historians, that the man to whom most credit is due, -probably, for the organization of our national postal service -was Benjamin Franklin, who did so much to encourage and promote -the use of electricity, the other great medium for transmitting -intelligence. Franklin was the first Postmaster General under the -Revolutionary organization, before the adoption of the Constitution -in 1787. He was chosen because of his earlier experience in postal -matters, as postmaster of Philadelphia in 1737, and as Deputy -Postmaster General of the British Colonies in 1753. He was removed -from the latter office, to punish him for his active sympathies -with the colonists. When Independence was declared one of the first -acts of his fellow patriots was to place him at the head of the -Post Office Department. But the stern necessities of the Revolution -called for Franklin’s great abilities to perform services of still -greater importance, and Richard Bache, his son-in-law, was chosen -to succeed him as Postmaster General, in November, 1776. Mr. Bache -was succeeded by Ebenezer Hazard, the compiler of the valuable -historical collection bearing that name. He held the office until -the adoption of the Constitution and the inauguration of Washington. - -Washington chose for his Postmaster General, Samuel Osgood, of -the famous New England family. He had been graduated from Harvard -College in 1770. He soon became a member of the Massachusetts -Legislature, a member of the Board of War, and subsequently an -aid to General Ward. In 1779, he was chosen a member of the -Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, and two years later -was elected a member of Congress. After four years in Congress -he became first Commissioner of the Treasury. When he left -Washington’s cabinet he was made Naval Officer of the Port of New -York where he died August 12, 1813. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -WHAT IS REQUIRED OF CANDIDATES. - - -Clerks and carriers must be citizens of the United States, -physically fit for the service and temperate. They must be more -than 18 years of age and not more than 45, stand 5 feet 4 inches -in height in bare feet and weigh not less than 125 pounds without -overcoat and hat. Some applicants who know they are below the -weight foolishly try to secrete about their person, beneath the -soles of their feet, or in their hair weighty materials to make -up the deficiency. Not one in a hundred ever succeeds in fooling -the lynx-eyed examiners, but those who try, do succeed in getting -themselves blackballed and are debarred from taking examinations -in the future. Female applicants are not required to be of any -specific height or weight. The age limits are waived in the cases -of persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service -by reason of disability resulting from wounds received or sickness -incurred in the line of duty, but they are waived only for such -persons as have been physically disabled in the way mentioned. - - -Physical Conditions. - -Eye glasses are permitted during the examination, but very serious -defective sight is sufficient to cause rejection. As also are -defective hearing, or speech; persons blind in one eye; one-armed, -one-handed, or one-legged persons, or those having crippled arms -or legs, or those suffering from asthma or hernia. Deaf mutes and -persons with defective speech may, however, be appointed to the -positions of mail clerk, distributor, and directing and forwarding -clerk. Applicants also are excluded from examinations for any of -the following reasons: - -That he is, on the date of the examination, under the minimum or -over the maximum age limitation. - -That he has any of the following defects: Insanity, tuberculosis, -paralysis, epilepsy, blindness, loss of both arms or both legs, -loss of arm and leg, badly crippled or deformed hands, arms, feet, -or legs, uncompensated calvular disease of the heart, locomotor -ataxia, cancer, Bright’s disease, diabetes, or is otherwise -physically disqualified for the service which he seeks. - -That he is addicted to the habitual use of intoxicating beverages -to excess. - -That he is enlisted in the United States Army or Navy and has not -secured permission for his examination from the Secretary of War or -the Secretary of the Navy, respectively. Written permission must -be filed with the formal application. - -That he has, within approximately one year, passed the same -examination for which he again desires to apply. This restriction -does not apply to persons who, having taken one annual examination, -desire to take the next annual examination, although a full year -may not have elapsed. - -That he has been dismissed from the Federal service for delinquency -or misconduct within one year preceding the date of his -application. Whether or not an application will be accepted after -the expiration of a year from a person dismissed from the service -rests with the Commission, and each case of this character will be -considered on its individual merits. - -That he has failed after probation to receive absolute appointment -to the position for which he again applies within one year from the -date of the expiration of his probationary service. - -That he has made a false statement in his application, or has -been guilty of fraud or deceit in any manner connected with his -application or examination, or has been guilty of crime or infamous -or notoriously disgraceful conduct. - -That he has been discharged for desertion from the military or -naval service of the United States under section 1998, Revised -Statutes. - - -Clerks and Carriers Are Bonded. - -Each clerk and carrier when appointed to the service must furnish -bonds in the sum of $1,000. In most first and second class cities -there are surety companies that make a specialty of supplying such -bonds for persons on entering the postal service. The charge, -which is paid by the employee, is twenty-five cents per annum for -a carrier and fifty cents for a clerk. In addition the carrier -must furnish his own uniform and cap, which averages from $15.00 -to $20.00 a year. The only other expense imposed upon a clerk is -thirty-five cents for his badge, and this is returned to him when -he leaves the service and surrenders the badge. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -SALARIES AND OPPORTUNITIES. - - -The salaries for postal clerk and carrier are the same throughout -the Union. Starting in at $600 the first year, the man who is -efficient and has a clean record is advanced to $800 at the -beginning of the second year; the third year he goes to $900 and so -on to the sixth year when he reaches the maximum for this branch -of the service, $1,200. But there are opportunities beyond this -to clerks of exceptionable ability, and to carriers, too, if they -elect to be transferred to the clerical branch, as is evidenced in -the brilliant career of Postmaster Morgan of New York, referred to -in the opening chapter. Transfers are permitted from carrier to -clerk, or visa versa, after three or four years service. - - -Promotion For Good Clerks. - -In cities having sub-stations, clerks are eligible to promotion to -assistant superintendent, and then to superintendent, with salaries -ranging from $1,300 to $2,500. They may also file applications with -the postmaster through their station superintendent for transfer -to another branch of the service, such as registry division. No -other examination is necessary, the places there, as also on the -windows, inquiry department, and on money order windows being -given to clerks who show meritorious service. The only promotion -examination given is to the money order division, which is not -to be confused with positions at money order windows. Besides -involving grave responsibilities the clerks in the money order -division are subject only to day work and have no night shifts. - - -Hours of Labor. - -Employees in all branches of the federal government are required -to work only eight hours a day. The hours, however, may not always -be consecutive. Postal clerks, for instance, work usually in -three shifts. The hours vary but the following may be taken as an -example, allowing one hour for meals: - -First shift, 10 A. M., until 7 P. M., second shift, 4 P. M., -until 1 A. M.; third shift, 12 midnight until 9 A. M. If clerks -are required to work overtime they are given compensatory time or -leaves of absence during the week corresponding to the number of -hours overtime. This also applies to Sunday work. - -Carriers are not allowed to work overtime and when they do -“demerits” are registered against them. While a carrier is at the -call of the government, so to speak, more hours in a day than is -a clerk, his hours of actual duty are the same, eight. They have -“swings,” or periods of intermission, between deliveries when their -time is their own and they are permitted to go where they please. -Regular carriers make deliveries only, and are rarely, if ever, -called upon to make collections. - -Violations of the rules and inefficiency are punished by a system -of “demerits” ranging from 1 to 500 according to the degree of the -offense. “Demerits” in any considerable number naturally affect -a man’s advancement. Anything less than 500 is usually wiped out -at the end of a year and the offender starts again with a clean -slate. But if 500 or more is charged up against a man it remains a -constant reminder of past shortcomings. - -Clerks and carriers who resign from the service may be reinstated -within one year, but, unless their absence was due to illness, -they lose a grade. In other words, they must work a year for $100 -less salary than they received at time of resignation. In case -of illness employees must notify the postmaster through their -superintendent, without delay. Salaries are paid the 1st and 16th -of each month. - - -“Subs.” - -“Subs,” in the parlance of the postal service, are men taken from -the regular eligible lists to act as substitute clerks and letter -carriers. In every large office there is always a lot of emergency -work due to sickness, or unusual demands. “Sub” clerks work on an -average from six to nine months--the duration varies greatly in -different offices--before receiving a permanent appointment, while -“sub” carriers have to work from three to four years before they -get a steady job. The collection of mail from street letter boxes -is entrusted to “sub” carriers, regular carriers attending only to -the delivery of mail. All “subs” receive thirty cents per hour and -their salary averages from $50 to $60 per month. - - -Carriers’ Moral Responsibility. - -Carriers are not allowed to put letters into their own pockets to -carry them nor to throw away even the slightest piece of mail, -however valueless and unimportant it may appear. He must return to -the office everything that is undelivered, and after every trip -must bring back his satchel and his key, and make his comprehensive -written return in detail of the number and character of the pieces -handled by him. Every piece of mail entrusted to him has its -particular place and all must be arranged with system and order. -He is forbidden under all circumstances to return to any person -whatever letters deposited by them in the street mailing boxes from -which he makes collections, but if the sender of the letter wishes -it back, he must report to the postmaster through the head of his -division, and the postmaster has exclusive discretion to return it -to the writer. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -WHERE AND HOW TO OBTAIN APPLICATION. - - -Examinations for the postal service usually are held in the fall, -about the first Wednesday or Saturday in November of each year. -Prospective applicants should write to the secretary of the civil -service district in which they reside--a list of these will be -found in the chapter under that heading--for the exact date and -place of the mental test and the time when applications may be had. -The blank, a copy of which is given elsewhere in this book, must be -carefully and correctly filled and all questions must be answered. -This requirement must not be overlooked, as to do so would mean the -sending of the application back to the applicant for correction, -thus causing loss of valuable time. - -All answers must be written in ink, the application in the -handwriting of the applicant and the vouchers in the handwriting -of the signers. There must be no discrepancy in the name of the -applicant in any part of the application or in the vouchers. For -New York: Physical examinations take place after the mental -examinations, and only when called for appointment. - -To make this point clear, applicants must see that all names are -signed alike in every part of the application. For instance: John -Doe must be John Doe everywhere and not J. Doe in one place and -John Doe elsewhere. - -Applications or vouchers which are executed or dated more than six -months before the date of filing will not be accepted. After the -blank is properly executed, it must be filed with the secretary of -the local board of examiners. So far as possible file applications -personally. If circumstances are such that the application must be -mailed, register it and obtain a receipt for same. All applications -must be sworn to before a Notary Public. - -Whenever extra examinations may become necessary, to meet the needs -of the service, due announcement will be made of the dates and -places of such examinations, and also of the time allowed for the -filing of applications. - -A person cannot at the same time be an applicant for or eligible -from examination for more than one first-class post office for -which examinations ordinarily are held annually in November. This -restriction will not apply, however, when an examination is held -for any of these offices on a date other than that of the regular -annual examination. - -A person who passes an examination can not be examined again for -the same post office within approximately one year of the date of -the examination he has passed. A person who fails in an examination -may take the next examination regardless of the time intervening. - -A request for a change in the designation of the position desired -by an applicant must be made in writing and be received by the -district secretary on or before the date set for the close of -receipt of applications, otherwise no change will be made. - -The postmaster is required to make selection for a vacancy from -not more than the highest three names on the appropriate register, -and for the next and any additional vacancies from not more than -the highest three remaining which have not been within his reach -for three separate vacancies. The name of an eligible must have -been within reach for three separate vacancies in a position before -it may be passed over in making selection for appointment to that -position. - -When an eligible’s name is borne on both the clerk and the carrier -registers and has been three times certified (considered) for -one of the two positions, but not selected, his name will not be -further certified for that position, but his standing on the -register for the other position will not be affected. Neither will -declination of appointment when selected for one of the positions -affect the eligible’s standing on the register for the other -position. Appointment to either position will remove the eligible’s -name from the registers for both positions. - -An eligible who has been within reach for three separate vacancies -in either the position of clerk or of carrier in his turn may -subsequently be selected for the position, subject to the approval -of the Commission, from the certificate upon which his name last -appeared, if the condition of the register has not so changed as to -place him in other respects beyond reach of certification. - -In the Post Office Service appointments are usually made to the -position of substitute clerk or substitute carrier. Substitutes -are promoted in the order of their original appointment to the -first vacancies occurring in regular positions. Declination of -appointment as substitute will remove the name of the eligible -from the register from which selection was made, and it will not -be restored for consideration in connection with appointment to a -regular position only. - -Auxiliary employees are paid for actual service at the rate of -30 cents an hour. They are required to work not less than two -hours daily, and may serve as substitutes. They are eligible for -appointment as clerks and carriers of the first grade. - -All promotions of both clerks and carriers will be made at the -beginning of the quarter following the expiration of the year’s -service in the next lower grade. No promotion will be made except -upon evidence satisfactory to the Post Office Department of the -efficiency and faithfulness of the employee during the preceding -year. When a clerk or carrier fails of promotion because of -unsatisfactory service, he may be promoted at the beginning of -the second quarter thereafter, or of any subsequent quarter, -upon evidence that his record has been satisfactory during the -intervening period. Clerks and carriers of the highest grade are -eligible for promotion to the higher positions in their respective -offices. - -Any male clerk in an office in which both clerks and city carriers -are employed, is eligible for transfer to the position of city -carrier, and any city carrier is eligible for transfer to the -position of clerk. Male clerks and city carriers are also eligible -for transfer to the position of rural carrier. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -OFFICES IN NEW YORK STATE. - - -Examinations for the first-class offices named below will be held -on the first Wednesday or Saturday in November of each year, if the -needs of the service so require. City delivery service has been -established at these offices, and their force includes both clerks -and city carriers. - - Albany, N. Y. - Binghamton, N. Y. - Brooklyn, N. Y. - Buffalo, N. Y. - Elmira, N. Y. - Jersey City, N. J. - Newark, N. J. - New York, N. Y. - Rochester, N. Y. - Syracuse, N. Y. - Troy, N. Y. - Utica, N. Y. - -Blank forms of application for the November examinations may be -obtained from the local secretary at the office where employment -is desired, or from the secretary of the Second Civil Service -District, custom house, New York City, between July 1 and October -1. Applications must be properly executed and filed with the -district secretary at New York City between July 1 and the close of -business on October 1. - -For the following named offices the names of male eligibles are -entered on only one register--namely, the “clerk” or the “carrier” -register--and male applicants for these offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of “clerk” or -of “carrier:” - - Albany, N. Y. - Auburn, N. Y. - Binghamton, N. Y. - Brooklyn, N. Y. - Buffalo, N. Y. - East Orange, N. J. - Elizabeth, N. J. - Elmira, N. Y. - Flushing, N. Y. - Hoboken, N. J. - Jamaica, N. Y. - Jersey City, N. J. - Long Island City, N. Y. - Newark, N. J. - New York, N. Y. - Orange, N. J. - Passaic, N. J. - Paterson, N. J. - Rochester, N. Y. - Schenectady, N. Y. - Syracuse, N. Y. - Troy, N. Y. - Utica, N. Y. - Yonkers, N. Y. - -Examinations for the first and second-class offices in the -following list will be held only when eligibles are needed, due -announcement of which will be made, and application blanks will not -be given out until the examinations are announced. City delivery -service has been established at these offices, and their force -includes both clerks and city carriers. Names of first-class -offices are in black face type. - - Albion, N. Y. - =Amsterdam, N. Y.= - =Auburn, N. Y.= - Baldwinsville, N. Y. - Ballston Spa, N. Y. - Batavia, N. Y. - Bath, N. Y. - =Bayonne, N. J.= - =Bloomfield N. J.= - Boonton, N. J. - Brockport, N. Y. - Canapoharie, N. Y. - Canandaigua, N. Y. - Canastota, N. Y. - Canton, N. Y. - Carthage, N. Y. - Catskill, N. Y. - Cohoes, N. Y. - Cooperstown, N. Y. - Corning, N. Y. - =Cortlandt, N. Y.= - Cranford, N. J. - Dansville, N. Y. - Deposit, N. Y. - Dover, N. J. - Dunkirk, N. Y. - =East Aurora, N. Y.= - =East Orange, N. J.= - =Elizabeth, N. J.= - Ellenville, N. Y. - Englewood, N. J - =Far Rockaway, N. J.= - Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. - =Flushing, N. Y.= - Fort Plain, N. Y. - Fredonia, N. Y. - Freport, N. Y. - Fulton, N. Y. - =Geneva, N. Y.= - =Glens Falls, N. Y.= - =Gloversville, N. Y.= - Goshen, N. Y. - Gouverneur, N. Y. - =Hackensack, N. J.= - Haverstraw, N. Y. - Hempstead, N. Y. - Herkimer, N. Y. - =Hoboken, N. J.= - Hoosick Falls, N. Y. - Hornell, N. Y. - Hudson, N. Y. - Hudson Falls, N. Y. - Ilion, N. Y. - Irvington, N. Y. - =Ithaca, N. Y.= - =Jamaica, N. Y.= - =Jamestown, N. Y.= - Johnstown, N. Y. - =Kingston, N. Y.= - =LeRoy, N. Y.= - Lestershire, N. Y. - Liberty, N. Y. - Little Falls, N. Y. - =Lockport, N. Y.= - =Long Island City, N. Y.= - Lowville, N. Y. - Lyons, N. Y. - Madison, N. J. - Malone, N. Y. - Mamaroneck, N. Y. - Mechanicsville, N. Y. - Medina, N. Y. - =Middletown, N. Y.= - =Montclair, N. J.= - =Morristown, N. J.= - =Mount Vernon, N. Y.= - =Newark, N. Y.= - New Brighton, N. Y. - =Newbury, N. Y.= - =New Rochelle, N. Y.= - Newton, N. J. - =Niagara Falls, N. Y.= - Northport, N. Y. - North Tonowanda, N. Y. - Norwich, N. Y. - Nyack, N. Y. - Ogdensburg, N. Y. - Olean, N. Y. - Oneida, N. Y. - Oneonta, N. Y. - =Orange, N. J.= - Ossining, N. Y. - =Oswego, N. Y.= - Owego, N. Y. - Palmyra, N. Y. - =Passaic, N. J.= - Patchogue, N. Y. - =Paterson, N. J.= - Peekskill, N. Y. - Penn Yan, N. Y. - =Plainfield, N. J.= - Plattsburg, N. Y. - =Port Chester, N. Y.= - Port Jervis, N. Y. - Port Richmond, N. Y. - Potsdam, N. Y. - =Poughskeepsie, N. Y.= - Rahway, N. J. - Rensselaer, N. Y. - Ridgewood, N. J. - Rockville Center, N. Y. - =Rome, N. Y.= - Rosebank, N. Y. - Rutherford, N. J. - Salamanca, N. Y. - Saranac Lake, N. Y. - =Saratoga Springs, N. Y.= - Saugerties, N. Y. - =Schenectady, N. Y.= - Seneca Falls, N. Y. - Silver Creek, N. Y. - South Orange, N. J. - Stapleton, N. Y. - Summit, N. J. - =Tarrytown, N. Y.= - Tompkinsville, N. Y. - Tonawanda, N. Y. - Walden, N. Y. - Walton, N. Y. - =Watertown, N. Y.= - Watervliet, N. Y. - Watkins, N. Y. - Waverly, N. Y. - =Weehawken, N. J.= - Wellsville, N. J. - Westfield, N. J. - Westfield, N. Y. - =West Hoboken, N. J.= - West New Brighton, N. Y. - =White Plains, N. Y.= - =Yonkers, N. Y.= - -Candidates for New York City and vicinity will find a Notary Public -and a staff of Civil Service experts at the office of THE CHIEF -during business hours, who will enlighten the candidates on any -doubtful point. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -QUESTIONS TO BE FILLED OUT IN APPLICATION. - - -1. (a) For what positions do you wish to be examined? - -(b) For what Service (Postal or Customs) do you wish to be examined? - -(c) In what city or town do you desire employment? - -2. What is your name in full? Give your first name in full, your -middle initial, or initials, if any, and your surname in full. - -3. Are you a citizen of the United States? Answer must be “Yes” or -“No.” If a naturalized citizen, your certificate of naturalization, -or the certificate of naturalization of one of your parents (if -such parent was naturalized while you were a minor), with sworn -statements, on Form 44, of two disinterested citizens as to the -reputed relationship, must be forwarded with the application. The -certificate will be returned to you. - -4. (a) Where were you born? - -(b) What was the month, day and year of your birth? - -(c) What was your age on your last birthday? - -5. Name the kind of school in which you were educated. Viz: Common -school, high school, business college, academy, college, etc. -If educated in high school, academy, college, university, etc., -give the name and location of the school, and state how long you -attended, and whether you were graduated. - -6. How long did you attend school, and at what age did you leave -school? - -7. Are you or have you been married? Answer “Yes” or “No.” If -applicant is a married woman, the full name, post office address -and legal residence of her husband are required. A married woman, -not divorced, but living apart from her husband, should state the -facts, if any, entitling her to separate residence. - -8. Are any members of your family, or any of your relatives, in the -service of the Government? Answer “Yes” or “No.” If so, state their -names, in what position, in what branch of the service, and the -relationship. This does not apply to state or municipal service. - -9. Have you ever been convicted of, or indicted for, any crime. -Answer “Yes” or “No.” If so, inclose herewith an abstract from the -court proceedings to show the essential action taken, and also -furnish a statement from the trial judge or other court officer -showing the surrounding circumstances and your reputation for -honesty and integrity. - -10. (a) Do you habitually or at times use intoxicating liquors, -tobacco, morphine, or opium to excess? - -(b) If so, which? - -(c) Have you ever used intoxicating liquors, tobacco, morphine, or -opium to excess? - -(d) If so which? - -11. (a) Have you any defect of sight in either eye? - -(b) Have you any defect of speech? - -(c) Have you any defect of limb? - -(d) Have you any defect of hearing? - -12. What is your height, measured in your bare feet? - -13. What is your weight in your ordinary clothing, without overcoat -or cloak? - -14. Have you been examined for any branch of the classified service -within twelve months next preceding the date of application? If so, -state for what branches, for what positions, the date, and results. -The different branches of the service are: Postoffice, Customs, -Internal Revenue, Departmental, and Government Printing? - -15. (a) Have you ever been barred from examination by this -Commission? Answer “Yes” or “No.” - -(b) If so, state when and for what reason. - -(c) Give the date, place, and kind of examination for which you -applied and in connection with which you were barred. - -16. (a) Have you any other application on file for any branch of -the classified service? Answer “Yes” or “No.” - -(b) If so, what branch and for what position? - -(c) Is your name now on any register for appointment in any branch -of the classified service? Answer “Yes” or “No.” - -(d) If so, for what branch, in what city, and for what position? -This does not apply to state or municipal service. - -17. Are you now in the Government Civil Service? Answer “Yes” or -“No.” - -18. (a) Were you ever separated from the Government Civil Service? -Answer “Yes” or “No.” - -(b) If so, state when, from what position, what city, and branch -of service, and whether you resigned or were discharged. Avoid any -allusion to politics or to change of administration. - -19. (a) Are you now in the Military or Naval Service of the United -States? Answer “Yes” or “No.” Do not give service in the National -Guard. - -(b) Were you ever honorably discharged from the Military or Naval -Service of the United States on account of disability resulting -from wounds received or sickness incurred in the line of duty? -If so, give the name of the vessel on which, or the company and -regiment in which you served, with the dates of your enlistment and -discharge. - -(c) Give the exact name under which you enlisted and were -discharged. - -20. (a) What is your present place of abode. - -(b) What is your present occupation, business, employment, or -position. - -(c) What was your place of abode (city or town, and State) during -last year? - -(d) What was your occupation, business, employment, or position -during that year? - -(e) What was your place of abode (city or town, and State) during -the year preceding last year? - -(f) What was your occupation, business, employment, or position -during that year? - -(g) What was your place of abode (city or town, and State) during -the second year preceding last year? - -(h) What was your occupation, business, employment, or position -during that year? - -21. Give the names and addresses of five persons, other than -vouchers, to whom reference can be made as to your character and -qualifications. One of these must reside in, or be engaged in -business in the city or town in which you seek employment. - -22. Have you been employed in any State or Municipal Service? -Answer “Yes” or “No.” If so, when, where, and in what positions? - -23. (a) Were you ever discharged on account of delinquency or -misconduct from any position in which you were employed? Answer -“Yes” or “No.” - -(b) If so, state when, from what position, and by whom were you -discharged. - -24. Are each and all of the answers to the foregoing questions in -your own handwriting? Answer “Yes” or “No.” - -I hereby certify that the answers to the foregoing questions are -true in every particular. - - (Signature of Applicant) ............ - - (P. O. address) .............. - -(The following oath must be taken before a Notary Public, or other -officer authorized to administer oaths for general purposes, and -the officer’s signature must be authenticated by official seal. If -the oath be taken before a Justice of the Peace or other officer -who has no official seal, his character must be certified by the -Clerk of Court, Secretary of State, or other proper officer, under -official seal.) - -The Notary is requested to see that all the foregoing questions are -answered in full before executing the jurat. - -Sworn to and subscribed before me by the above-mentioned applicant, -to me personally known, this ...... day of ................ 190.., -at ........... county of ............................ and State (or -Territory or District) ........................ - - (Signature of officer) ................... - - (Official impressed seal.) (Official title) ......... - -The official seal must not be omitted. - -Every applicant for examination must furnish the vouchers of two -citizens of the United States, each of whom must be at least -twenty-one years of age, and must have known the applicant for six -months or more. Vouchers will not be accepted from the father, -mother, sister, brother, husband, wife or child of the applicant, -and not more than one voucher will be accepted from relatives of -more remote degree. - -No recommendations other than those provided for hereon will be -accepted by the Commission. - - -Vouchers. - -The following is a sample of the two vouchers; all answers made by -vouchers must be in their own handwriting. - -1. What is your own age? Age of voucher, not applicant, is wanted. -If you so prefer, the statement that you are over 21 years of age -is sufficient. - -2. What is your occupation? - -3. What is your business address in full? - -4. What is your actual bona fide (legal) residence? City and State? - -5. How long have you been such resident thereof? - -6. How long have you been acquainted with the applicant? - -7. Is the applicant addicted to the use of intoxicating beverages, -tobacco, morphine, or opium? If so, to which? - -8. Has the applicant ever been addicted to the use of intoxicating -beverages, tobacco, morphine, or opium? If so, to which? - -9. Is the applicant a person of good moral character, and of good -repute? - -10. Are you related to the applicant? If so, what is the -relationship? - -11. Are you aware of any circumstances tending to disqualify the -applicant for the public service? - -12. Would you yourself trust the applicant with employment -requiring undoubted honesty? - -13. What is the name of the applicant for whom you furnish this -certificate? First name, middle initial, or initials, if there be -any, and last name, should be correctly given. - -The above questions are answered to the best of my knowledge and -belief. - - (Signature of voucher) ...................... - - (P. O. address) ......................... - -Date, ............... 190 . - -(=Applicant will NOT fill the following blank.=) - -Final certificate of naturalization of ............. issued by -the ............. Court of .............. on ............ I -............., was filed with this application by the applicant, -and was found by me to be in due form in all respects. The -certificate was returned to the applicant on ....... ........., -190.... - - (Initials) ................. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -MEDICAL CERTIFICATE. - - -All applicants for the Postal Service must have this certificate -executed. - -Questions 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and the parenthetical part of question -13, are not required in the case of female applicants. - -This certificate need not be executed for examinations at second -and third class post offices. When the result of examinations at -such offices is determined, the highest four eligibles will be -required to furnish the certificate. - -Applicants for the Postal Service (male and female) who are -defective in any of the following-named particulars will not be -appointed by that Department: Deaf-mutes, hunchbacks, persons -having defective hearing, sight, or speech; persons totally blind -or blind in one eye; one-armed, one-handed, or one-legged persons, -or those having crippled arms or legs, and those suffering from -asthma, consumption, or hernia. The applications of such persons -will, therefore, not be accepted. - -1. What is the applicant’s exact height in his bare feet? (The -physician must himself measure and weigh the applicant.) - -2. What is the applicant’s exact weight in his ordinary clothing, -without overcoat or hat? - -3. Did you yourself weigh and measure the applicant? - -4. What is the condition of the applicant’s sight? (If possible, -the test should be made with Snelen’s cards, and expressed in -twentieths.) - -If the applicant has any defect of sight in either eye, describe -fully. - -Is the defect in sight corrected by the use of glasses? - -5. What is the condition of the applicant’s hearing? (State the -distance, in feet, at which he can hear the ticking of a closed -watch held in the open hand, testing each ear with the other -plugged.) - -If he has any defect of hearing of either ear describe fully. - -6. What is the condition of the applicant’s speech? If he has any -defect of speech describe fully. - -7. What is the condition of the applicant’s limbs? - -If he has any defect in either arm or in either leg describe fully, -and state to what extent it interferes with the proper function of -the limb. - -(Varicose veins, ulcers, or any deformity should be specially -reported.) - -8. Has the applicant any rupture? - -9. Has the applicant varicocele, hydrocele, internal or external -piles, fistula in ano, or any cutaneous disease? - -If so, describe the disease, and state to what extent the applicant -is afflicted. - -10. Has the applicant any defect in the functions of the brain or -nervous system? - -If so, describe the disease, and state to what extent the applicant -is affected. - -Has the applicant ever had an epileptic fit? - -Is he subject to these attacks? - -11. Give the measurements of the applicant’s chest: - -At rest. - -At full inspiration. - -At full expiration. - -12. Is the applicant’s respiration full, free, and unobstructed in -both lungs? - -If not, state to what extent obstructed. - -13. State the frequency of the action of the applicant’s heart: - -When sitting. - -When standing. - -When standing after brief exercise. (The applicant should be -required to hop on one foot the distance of about 12 feet.) - -14. Are there indications in the heart’s action of organic, -muscular, or nervous derangement? - -If so, describe fully. - -15. Are there indications that the applicant is addicted to the -excessive use of intoxicating beverages, tobacco, or narcotics in -any form. - -If so, describe fully. - -16. Has the applicant any form of disease or disability which is -likely to unfit him for the performance of the work of the position -for which he applies? - -17. State whether the applicant is capable of prolonged, severe, -mental and physical exertion, and equal to the demands of a very -exhausting occupation. - -18. Are you a regularly licensed physician, and duly authorized by -the laws of your State to practice medicine? - -19. Of what medical institution are you a graduate? - -This space is to be filled out by the applicant in his own -handwriting, in the presence of the physician. - - (Signature of applicant) ................ - -I certify that I have made a thorough examination of the -above-named applicant, that each and all of the above answers are -in my own handwriting and are true, and that the applicant wrote -his signature just above in my presence. - - (Signature of physician) .................... - - (P. O. address of physician) ................ - - Date, ............., 190.. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -THE EDUCATIONAL TEST. - -Subjects and Weights and Specimens of Previous Questions Asked. - - -Examinations for the Postal Service are of the second grade. Any -person with a common school education should have no trouble in -passing them. The average candidate, however, has been some years -out of school and is very apt to be what we call “rusty.” In -other words, to have forgotten much that he was taught at school -concerning the subjects required. The wise thing for him to do, -when he has made up his mind to take the examination, no matter -whether the date of it is one month or six months away, the longer -the better, is to improve his knowledge of each subject as much -and as far as is possible. He must not content himself with just -getting on the list, many of which are cancelled while yet there -remain many names not reached for appointment, but do his utmost to -win the highest possible rating. - -The government service to-day, particularly the postal branch, is -no place for indifferent, sluggish, or inefficient men. Though 70 -per cent. is the passing mark to obtain a place on the list, it -is a poor recommendation of a man’s intelligence and efficiency, -or of his possible growth in these attainments. And really there -is no excuse for a man who can read and write getting so low a -percentage. It shows, more or less convincingly, that he was not -diligent, that there was little or no earnestness in his purpose, -and the average postmaster will not be over-eager to find a place -for him. - -The questions in each subject are simple, and any man of ordinary -education can, unaided by outside instructors, fit himself to -obtain 90 per cent. with ease. A few simple text books, and steady, -pains-taking study during leisure hours are all that are necessary. -A postal card to THE CHIEF will promptly bring to you a list of -books covering each subject, each book prepared by an expert on -civil service. - -Applicants are notified of the date and place of an examination at -least two weeks in advance of the time set. - - -Subjects of Examination. - -The table given below indicates the subjects of the examination and -the weights given to each: - - Weights. - 1. Spelling 15 - 2. Arithmetic 20 - 3. Letter Writing 20 - 4. Penmanship 20 - 5. Copying from plain copy 15 - 6. Reading Addresses 10 - --- - Total 100 - -The following are specimen questions given at a previous -examination. - - -First Subject--Spelling. - -Twenty words are dictated by the examiner. Each word is pronounced -and its definition given. The competitor is required to write only -the words and not their definitions, and to write them in the blank -spaces on the first sheet of the examination paper. All words -should be commenced with capital letters. - -=Opponent=: One who opposes; as, a political opponent. - -=President=: The Chief Executive of the United States. - -=Conqueror=: One who conquers. - -=Wholesome=: Healthful; as, wholesome food. - -=Achieve=: To gain; as, to achieve success. - -=Tranquil=: Quiet or peaceful. - -=Detach=: To separate or remove; as, to detach a leaf from a book. - -=Expensive=: Very costly. - -=Decease=: Death; as, a person’s decease. - -=Noticeable=: Worthy of notice; as, a noticeable occasion. - -=Suspicious=: Exciting suspicion; as, a suspicious circumstance. - -=Terrace=: A raised bank of earth. - -=Rapping=: Making a number of quick blows. - -=Language=: The speech of a people; as, the English language. - -=Schedule=: A list or inventory; as, a schedule of prices. - -=Tying=: Binding or fastening with a cord. - -=Vulgar=: Low or mean. - -=Course=: A way or track; as, a race course. - -=Salary=: A stated allowance paid for services. - -=Chicago=: A city in the United States. - - -Second Subject--Arithmetic. - -In solving problems the processes should be not merely indicated, -but all the figures necessary in solving each problem should be -given in full. The answer to each problem should be indicated by -writing “Ans.” after it. - -1. Add the following, and from the sum subtract 32,885,696 (here -will be given a short column of figures). - -2. Multiply 7-2/25ths by 36.8, and divide the product by 1.92. -Solve by decimals. - -3. A carrier can assort 43 letters or 37 papers in a minute. At -this rate, how many hours will it take him to assort 3,655 letters -and 185 pounds of papers, averaging 7 papers to the pound? - -4. A lot which was 53 feet wide and 150 feet long sold for -$8,347.50, which was one-fourth more than it cost. What was the -cost per square foot? - -5. In a certain mail there are 294 pounds 14 ounces of newspapers -weighing at the rate of 3 papers to every 7 ounces. How many papers -are there in the mail? 16 ounces equals one pound. - - -Problems In Earlier Examinations. - -If a railroad car runs 41-1/2 miles per hour, how far would it go -in 12 days running 10-1/2 hours per day? - -If paper is worth 40 cents per pound, what is the cost of one sheet -of paper weighing six pounds to the ream? (480 sheets equals one -ream.) - -An office uses 98 pounds of twine per year in tying packages. -Allowing 178 yards to the pound, how many packages are tied if -each requires an average of 1-1/2 feet? - -Multiply 696.6 by 785.09 and divide the product by 25. - -A carrier makes 4 trips a day, carrying 64 letters and 32 papers -each trip. The letters average in weight 1/4 oz. each, and the -papers 2 oz. each. How many pounds of mail does he deliver in a -day? (16 oz. to the pound.) - -Multiply 26.32 by 3, and to the product add 2.04. - -Three gross of lead pencils are divided equally among the clerks in -a post office, giving to each clerk eleven and leaving a remainder -of fourteen pencils. How many clerks are there in the office. - - -Third Subject--Letter Writing. - -The competitor is given his choice of one of two subjects on -which to write a letter of not less than 125 words. One year the -subjects were on the advantages of city and of country life. At -another time the candidates were required to tell what they thought -of our colonial expansion in Porto Rico and the Philippines. In -a recent test one of the subjects was “Give your views as to the -advantages derived from free public libraries in the principal -cities of your State.” The object of this exercise is to test the -candidate’s skill in writing an intelligent letter. Errors in form -and address, in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, syntax and -style, count against the competitor. The rules for rating will be -found under a separate chapter. - - -Fourth Subject--Penmanship. - -The rating on penmanship will be determined by legibility, -rapidity, neatness, and general appearance and by correctness and -uniformity in the formation of words, letters, and punctuation -marks in the exercise of the subject of copying from plain copy. No -particular style of penmanship is preferred. - - -Fifth Subject--Copying From Plain Copy. - -Candidates are required to make an exact copy of a piece of -composition. All omissions and mistakes, change of paragraphs, -spelling, capitals and punctuation, count against the competitor. -The following was given in a previous examination: - -No recommendation of an applicant, competitor, or eligible -involving any disclosure of his political or religious opinions -or affiliations shall be received, filed or considered by the -Commission, by any board of examiners, or by any nominating or -appointing officer. In making removals or reductions or in imposing -punishment for delinquency or misconduct, penalties like in -character shall be imposed for like offenses, and action thereupon -shall be taken irrespective of the political or religious opinions -or affiliations of the offenders. A person holding a position on -the date said position is classified under the civil service act -shall be entitled to all the rights and benefits possessed by -persons of the same class or grade appointed upon examination under -the provisions of said act. - - -Sixth Subject--Reading Addresses. - -This exercise consists of the reading of a number of written -addresses, which are photolithographed on one sheet. A second sheet -is furnished, which contains the same addresses, these addresses -being printed and containing errors of omission, substitution or -insertion. The competitor is required to indicate the errors in -each printed address by underscoring with a pencil thus, ____, -any portion of a printed address which is not a correct copy of -the written address, and by a caret, thus ^, any omitted words, -figures or initials. Words abbreviated in the written address, but -printed in full in the printed address, are regarded as correct, -if the correct words are printed. Differences in punctuating or -capitalization are not regarded as errors. The time allowed will -be limited, and the rating will be determined on accuracy only. - -The following are illustrations of the method which should be -pursued in indicating errors. - -WRITTEN ADDRESS--CORRECT - -[Illustration: PRINTED ADDRESS--WITH ERRORS NOTED - - ++Theodore M.++ Martin, Foreman ^ Water Works, - High ++Road++, Grand Forks, North Dakota. -] - -WRITTEN ADDRESS--CORRECT - -[Illustration: PRINTED ADDRESS--WITH ERRORS NOTED. - - Major ^ A. ++T.++ Chandler, - Fort ++Thompson, Alden++ County, Alabama. -] - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. - -Studies in Each of the Subjects on Which Examinations Are Based. - - -The following lessons are based on previous examinations. The -subjects are somewhat broad in scope in order to carry the student -over every possible contingency. Careful study will enable the -competitor to meet all the requirements. - - -Spelling. - - Confederacy, - Deity, - Chirography, - Worthy, - Paltry, - Electioneer, - Anvil, - Rumor, - Gravity, - Ancient, - Chiropody, - Vogue, - Squirrel, a small animal. - Pippin, - Yoke, a connecting frame for draft cattle. - Aspirant, one who seeks earnestly; a candidate. - Terminus, - Brutal, - Cholera, - Glimmer, - Chirp, - Ere, - Intuition, - Niche, - Granary, - Copartner, - Autocrat, - Inconstancy, - Officiate, - Delicacy, - Ninetieth, - Credulous, - Fiftieth, - Tincture, - Wigwam, - Eyelet, - Tyranny, - Undulate, - Committee, - Conservatory, - Literary, - Legislature, - Anomalous, - Desirous, - Radiant, - Jamb, - Chilblain, - Delightful, - Inaugurate, - Freight, - Earnest, - Quadrille, - Lullaby, - Usury, - Audacious, - Though, - Equitable, - Bivouac, - Integrity, - Asthma, - Maniac, - Dissolve, - Admittance, - Occupy, - Constituency, - Irritable, - Advertisement, - Halibut, - Strength, - Melodious, - Wheelbarrow, - Curtain, - Senate, - Superscribe, - Convertible, - Adversary, - Illuminate, - Circuit, - Remnant, - Stencil, - Degradation, - Claret, - Ludicrous, - Idea, - Saucy, - Recollect, - Cupola, - Familiar, - Mammoth, - Drawee, - Motor, - Presumption, - Monosyllable, - Apprentice, - Alcohol, - Charity, - Plantain, - Stampede, - Demonstrate, - Longitude. - - -ARITHMETIC. - -Lessons in Decimals. - - -The paper on arithmetic in second grade examinations usually -contains one, sometimes two, problems in common or decimal -fractions. These are no more difficult to solve when one -understands the rules governing them, than any simple test in -addition, division, etc. In whole numbers, as 57, 563, 4278, the -various units increase on a scale of ten to the left (or decrease -on the same scale of ten to the right). Thus in the last number we -say 8 units, 7 tens, 2 hundreds, and 4 thousands or four thousand -two hundred seventy-eight. - -Decimals also decrease on a scale of ten to the right (or increase -on the same scale of ten to the left). In writing decimals, we -first write the decimal point, which is the same mark we use at -the close of a sentence and is called a period. Then the first -figure to the right is called “tenths” and is written thus .6, -meaning six tenths. The second figure stands for hundredths as -.06, six hundredths; .006 for six thousandths; .0006 for six -ten-thousandths; .00006 for six hundred-thousandths; .000006 for -six millionths, etc. When a whole number, previously mentioned, -and decimals are written together as 47.328, it is called a mixed -number. - -The only distinction between reading whole numbers and decimals is -made by adding this to the ending of decimals, and the denomination -of the right-hand figure must be expressed to give the proper -value to decimal parts. For instance, .12, is twelve hundredths; -.007, is seven thousandths; .062, is sixty-two thousandths; -.201, is two hundred one thousandths; .5562, is five thousand -five hundred sixty-two ten-thousandths; .24371, is twenty-four -thousand three hundred seventy-one hundred-thousandths; .893254, -is eight hundred ninety-three thousand two hundred fifty-four -millionths, etc. Remember that in decimals the first figure stands -for, tenths; the second, hundredths; the third, thousandths; the -fourth, ten-thousandths; the fifth, hundred-thousandths; the sixth, -millionths, and that in reading decimals we add the denomination of -the right-hand figure. When reading a mixed number the word “=and=” -is used, and then only, to indicate the decimal point. Thus 45.304 -should be read forty-five AND three hundred four thousandths. - -Addition and subtraction of decimals differ from similar operations -of whole numbers only in the placing of the figures. In whole -numbers units come under units, tens under tens, etc. To illustrate: - -What is the sum of 260, 4398, 305, 2, 29? - -The figures are placed thus: - - 260 - 4,398 - 305 - 2 - 29 - ----- - 4,994 - -Now let us take the same figures expressed decimally: .260, .4398, -.305, .2, .29. - - .260 - .4398 - .305 - .2 - .29 - ------ - 1.4948 - -In subtraction of whole numbers or decimals the figures are placed -as in addition. - -Examples--Subtract .204 from .4723. - - .4723 - .204 - ----- - .2683 - -Subtract 5.346 from .937. - - 5.346 - .937 - ----- - 4.409 - -Subtract .753 from 18. (Note that the point or period is placed to -the left of “753” indicating decimals, but in connection with the -number “18,” a dot is placed to the right as a mark of punctuation -merely, thus showing that “18” is a whole number.) - -Now from the whole number “18,” which is the minuend because it is -the number to be subtracted from, we are to subtract .753, and it -is done in this way: - - Minuend 18.000 - Subtrahend .753 - ------ - 17.247 - -The three ciphers are added to the minuend to correspond to the -decimal places in the subtrahend. It is not necessary to put the -ciphers down, but beginners are apt to get confused if there is -nothing there to correspond to the decimals below. Annex as many -ciphers to the minuend as there are decimals in the subtrahend, and -place in the remainder a decimal point under those of the numbers -subtracted. - -Multiplication of decimals differs somewhat from the previous -operations mentioned for the reason that we do not necessarily -place the decimal points directly under each other. The right-hand -figure of the multiplier usually goes under the right-hand -figure of the multiplicand and the problem is then worked out as -in multiplying whole numbers. When the product is obtained we -point off as many decimal places in it as there are in both the -multiplier and the multiplicand. - -Let us take as an example: Multiply 2.648 by 2.35 - - Multiplicand 2.648 - Multiplier 2.35 - ----- - 13240 - 7944 - 5296 - ------- - Product 6.22280 - -It will be seen that there are three decimals in the multiplicand -and 2 decimals in the multiplier, hence we point off five decimals -in the product. - -In the operation of division of decimals the decimal point is not -considered until the result is obtained. If the number of decimal -places in the dividend is less than the number of decimal places -in the divisor ciphers must be annexed or added to make up the -deficiency, and the decimal point is then suppressed, thus reducing -the operation to the division of two whole numbers. If there is no -remainder, the quotient is a whole number, if there is a remainder, -add a cipher to the right of it and place a decimal point to the -right of the quotient obtained, then continue the division as far -as desirable by adding ciphers to the right of the successive -remainders, for each of which a new decimal will be obtained in the -quotient. - -Divide 460 by .5. - - .5)460(92 - 45 - -- - 10 - 10 - -- - 0 - -Fractions are reduced to decimals by annexing ciphers to the -numerator and then dividing by the denominator. - -For instance--5/8 equals what decimal? - - 8)5.000(.625 = 5/8 - 48 - -- - .20 - 16 - -- - .40 - 40 - - -Lessons by Prof. Jean P. Genthon, C.E., Member Society of Municipal -Engineers and Author of “The Assistant Engineer,” “The Chief’s” -Text Book on Civil Engineering. - -In solving problems the process should be not merely indicated, but -all the figures necessary in solving each problem should be given -in full. The answers to each problem should be indicated by writing -“Ans.” after it. - -=Arithmetic= is the science of numbers. - -=A Number= is the result of the comparison (also called -measurement) of a magnitude or quantity with another magnitude or -quantity of the same kind supposed to be known. - -=A Concrete Number= is one the nature of the unit of which is known. - -=Denominate Number.=--A concrete number the standard of which is -fixed by law or established by long usage. - -=An Abstract Number= is one of which the nature of the unit is -unknown. - -=How to Read Numbers.=--The right way to read 101,274, etc., is one -hundred one, two hundred seventy-four, etc. - -=The Decimal Point.=--A period, called decimal point, is placed in -a mixed number between the integral part and the decimal portion -which follows. It should never be omitted. - -=Roman Numbers.=--I stands for 1, V for 5, X for 10, L for 50, C -for 100, D for 500 and M for 1,000. - -=Abbreviations.=--A smaller unit, written to the left of a greater -one, is subtracted from the latter, as: IV = 4 (IV is marked -IIII on clock and watch dials); IX = 9; XC = 90; CD = 400, etc. -Sometimes a Roman number is surmounted by a dash or vinculum; it -then expresses thousands, as IX = 9,000. - - -Addition. - -=Addition.=--Operation which consists in taking in any order all -the units and portions of units of several numbers and forming with -them a single number called their Sum or Total. - -=Addition of Long Columns of Numbers.=--When long columns of -numbers are to be added, the student should endeavor to add more -than one figure at a time. He may pick those which aggregate 10, -15, 20, etc., and add the intermediate figures when convenient. - -=Sign of Addition.=--The sign of addition is the -horizontal-vertical or Roman cross + placed between all the numbers -to be added; it is read Plus. - -=To Prove an Addition.=--The shortest way to prove an addition is -to do it over again from bottom to top. - -=Sign of Equality.=--The sign of equality is two short equal -horizontal parallels =; it reads Equal. - - -Subtraction. - -=Subtraction.=--An operation which consists in taking from a number -called =minuend= (m) all the units and parts of units contained in -another number called =subtrahend= (s). The result is called the -=difference= (d) of the two numbers or the =remainder= of their -subtraction. - -=Sign of Subtraction.=--The sign of subtraction is a horizontal -dash - placed between the minuend, written first, and the -subtrahend. Thus: 84 - 38 = d; 84 - 38 = 46. Generally m - s = d. - -=To Prove a Subtraction.=--Add from bottom to top the difference -and the subtrahend; the sum must equal the minuend. - - -Multiplication. - -=Multiplication.=--An operation which consists in repeating a -number called =multiplicand= (M) as many times as there are units -in another column called =multiplier= (m); the result is called the -=product= (p) of the numbers, and the numbers themselves are called -=factors= of the product. This definition may be extended to the -case where the factors are not whole numbers. - -=Sign of Multiplication.=--The sign of multiplication is the -oblique or St. Andrew’s cross ×, called multiplied by, and placed -between the factors written one after the other. - -Thus: 35 × 7 = p; 35 × 7 = 245. Generally M × m = p. - -=To Prove a Multiplication.=--Multiplication may be proved by a -second multiplication in which the factors are inverted. - -This is the surest but the longest method. - -=Another Proof of the Multiplication.=--Find the residue of the -multiplicand and multiplier. Multiply them and find the residue of -their product; this is equal to the residue of the product of the -multiplication. - - 64327 4 Residue of the multiplicand. - 781 7 Residue of the multiplier. - -------- -- - 28 1 Residue of the product of the residues - 64327 - 514616 - 450289 - -------- - 50239387 1 Residue of the product of multiplication. - -=Proof Not Absolute.=--Practically a proof is not absolute, because -an error may be committed in its use, and also it may not work well -in all cases. - -=Power of a Number.=--When the factors of a product are equal, the -product is called a power of the factor. - -=Square of a Number.=--A power is a square when it is the product -of two (2) equal factors, as 7 × 7 = 49, in which 49 is the square -of 7. The term square is derived from the fact that the area of a -square is obtained by multiplying the length of its side by itself, -or taking it twice as a factor. - -=Cube of a Number.=--A power is a cube when it is the product of -three (3) equal factors, as 5 × 5 × 5 = 125, in which 125 is the -cube of 5. - -The term cube is derived from the fact that the volume of a cube is -obtained by multiplying the length of its side by itself and again -by itself, or by taking it three times as a factor. - -A product, for instance, of 4, 9, etc., equal factors would be -called the 4th or the 9th, etc., power of that number. - - -Division. - -=Division.=--An operation by means of which we find one of two -factors of a product when that product and the other factor are -given. The given product is called =Dividend= (D) of the division; -the known factor is called the =Divisor= (d), and the unknown -factor which is sought is called =Quotient= (q). We know that a -quotient is seldom exact and that there is generally a =Remainder= -(r) or =Residue=. - -=Sign of Division.=--The sign of division is a small dash with a -point above and one below ÷; it is read divided by, is placed after -the dividend, and is followed by the divisor. For instance, to -indicate the division of 72 by 8, which we know gives the quotient -9, we write 72 ÷ 8 = 9; generally D ÷ d = q. - -=Other Sign of Division.=--In the study of fractions it is shown -that a fraction expresses the quotient of its numerator by its -denominator, so that the preceding identity may be written 72/8 = -9, or more generally D/d = q, and another sign of division is a -horizontal line separating the dividend written above it from the -divisor written below it. - -=Proof of the Division.=--We prove a division by multiplying the -divisor by the quotient and adding the remainder, if there is any; -the result thus obtained must equal the dividend. When there is a -remainder, the formula of division is D = dq + r. - -By 2.--A number is divisible by 2 when it is an even number, that -is to say when it ends with 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8, as 70,836. - -By 3.--A number is divisible by 3 when its residue is zero or is -divisible by 3. - -By 4.--A number is divisible by 4 when the number formed by the -last two figures to the right is divisible by 4; 7528 is divisible -by 4 because 28 is divisible by 4. - -By 5.--A number is divisible by 5 when it ends with 0 or 5, as -75,270. - -By 6.--A number is divisible by 6 when it is divisible by 2 and 3, -as 474, because when a number is divisible by several others it is -divisible by their product. - -By 8.--A number is divisible by 8 when the number formed by the -last three figures to the right is divisible by 8; 37104 is -divisible by 8 because 104 is divisible by 8. - -By 9.--A number is divisible by 9 when its residue is 9 or 0. - -By 10.--A number is divisible by 10 when the last figure to the -right is 0. - -By 100.--A number is divisible by 100 when the last two figures to -the right are 00. - -By 11.--A number is divisible by 11 when the sum of the figures of -even rank subtracted from the sum of the figures of uneven rank -(increased by 11 if necessary) is 0 or divisible by 11, as 95832, -3304081. - -By 12.--A number is divisible by 12 when it is divisible by 3 and -4, as 756. - -By 15.--A number is divisible by 15 when it is divisible by 3 and -5, as 255. - - - - -Suggestions for the Study of Arithmetic - -By ERNEST L. CRANDALL - -Former Civil Service Examiner - - -There are certain “standard errors,” so to speak, that the -unsuccessful candidate makes nine times out of ten, and if these -are eliminated every one, with a little practice, may put himself -in line for 100 per cent. - -While the examples may take the form of “problems,” the only -processes involved will be simple addition, subtraction, -multiplication and division--no fractions or decimals. - -In addition there is but one thing to be observed. If your numbers -are not all of equal length arrange them so that the last figures -are all in the same column. Suppose you have to add 357,856, 7,596, -452 and 29,360. Following are the right and wrong ways to arrange -them: - - Right way. Wrong way. - - 357,856 357856 - 7,596 7596 - 452 452 - 29,360 29360 - ------- ------ - -This arrangement is necessary because of the inherent properties -of numbers as expressed in figures, under what we call our decimal -system, which means simply the practice we have adopted of -expressing our numbers in multiples of ten. This arose from the -fact that we happen to be born with ten fingers, and our ancestors, -like our children, learned to count by means of those very useful -“markers.” - -In the system of counting every place, or column, counting from the -right, has a value ten times greater than the one in the place or -column nearest on the right. Thus in the number 36,542 the first -figure on the right represents “ones,” the next ten times as much -or “tens,” the next ten times as much again or “hundreds,” and -so on. We really read this number backward when we name it, for -in handling it in any way we have to start with the last figure, -representing the “ones.” The number really means two ones, four -tens, five hundreds, six thousands and three ten thousands. It is -built up this way, really by addition: - - 2 - 40 - 500 - 6000 - 30000 - ------ - 36,542 - -Now, this principle underlies the processes called “carrying” and -“borrowing.” You wish to add 26 and 37. Adding the 6 ones to the 7 -you get 13 ones, or 3 ones and 1 ten. So you “carry” that 1 ten to -the column where it belongs, leaving the 3 ones in =their= proper -column. Thus, in your tens column you have 2 tens plus 3 tens plus -the 1 ten “carried,” which makes 6 tens; and your result is 63, or -6 tens and 3 ones. - -Again, you want to subtract 19 from 38. As you cannot take 9 from -8, you “borrow” one of the 3 tens, making your 8 into 18 and -subtract 9 from that, leaving 9. By so doing you have left but 2 -tens in your tens column, and so there your subtraction is now from -2, leaving 1. Hence your result is 9 ones and 1 ten, or 19. - -Here is an example in subtraction which was once used, and which is -as likely to trip one up as any that could be set. Subtract 199,999 -from 320,012. The result is as follows: - - 320,012 - 199,999 - ------- - 120,013 - -Now, you cannot take 9 from 2, so you “borrow” one from the left -and make your two 12. Then 9 from 12 leaves 3. In borrowing from -the left you reduce the 1 in the tens column to 0. As you cannot -take 9 from 0, you must again borrow from the left. But what are -you to borrow from? In the third, or hundreds column there is only -a 0. Hence, before you can borrow from this column you must make -this 0 a 10 by borrowing from the fourth, or thousands column -(counting your columns always from the right). - -But again here you find only a 0, and so before you can make even -this “borrow” you must borrow one from the 2 in the ten thousands -column. Now see what happens. With the one which you have finally -borrowed you have made the 0 left in the second or tens column into -a 10, and you take 9 from 10, which leaves 1. - -Now, here is where you forget something. When you started out to -“borrow” you had to go away over to the 2 in the fifth column; that -made your 0 in the fourth column a 10, but you immediately passed -this one on to the third column, which left only 9; again you -passed it on from the third to the second column, which left only a -9 in the third column. Hence you have now a 9 in the third and in -the fourth columns, and your results there will be in each case 9 -from 9 leaves 0. - -Coming to the fifth you have a 1 instead of a 2, having borrowed 1; -and you have to borrow again from the 3 to make your 1 into an 11, -obtaining 9 from 11 leaves 2; and your sixth and last figure, being -reduced from 3 to 2, your last result is 1 from 2 leaves 1. - -This last part is easy, but one out of practice is almost certain -to forget that his 0’s in the third and fourth columns became -9’s. If you have any difficulty with subtraction, study out the -processes in this example until you understand them and you will -never make a mistake again. - -Now, as to the shape in which the examples will be given: The plain -problems in addition will be unmistakable. You will be told that a -concern sold 27,356 barrels of flour in one month, 38,452 the next, -etc., and you cannot well run off the track. But you may find both -processes involved in one “problem,” and you must then be careful -to understand just what is meant by the question, so that you will -know what you are expected to do with the figures. - -Take this, for example: “A had $3,465 and B $4,895. A gained $1,146 -and B lost $602. Which then had the more, and how much?” - -Here you must add A’s gain to his principal--that is, the sum he -had to start with--and subtract B’s loss from his principal; then -subtract the smaller result from the larger, stating which is the -“winner.” Thus: - - $3,465 $4,895 $4,611 - 1,146 602 4,293 - ------ ------ ------ - $4,611 $4,293 $318 - -Answer.--A has $318 more. - -When it comes to multiplication and division, there is just one -“catch,” so it might appear to the untrained mind of some poor -candidate, which is made to play a part in nearly every problem. -It is safe to say that 90 per cent. of the failures on these two -processes turn on this one point. It is a very simple one and -really the same in both processes. It arises in the handling of the -“naught” or “cipher,” as we used to call it, the “zero”--call it -what you like, it is nothing, anyhow. And that’s the point to be -remembered. - -Here is an example: Multiply 3,125 by 208. Now it seems almost -incredible, but I have seen literally hundreds of papers, it seems -to me, where this very simple problem was worked out this way: - - The Wrong Way. - - 3,125 - 208 - ------ - 25000 - 3125 - 6250 - ------ - 681250 - -Or else this: - - Another Wrong Way. - - 3125 - 208 - ----- - 25000 - 6250 - ----- - 87500 - -The trouble is that when the poor fellow came to multiply by the -“naught” he forgot in the first instance that it was nothing, and -that the biggest number in the world multiplied by nothing will -produce nothing. He knew that something ought to go down there, and -so in sheer desperation he wrote down the number he was multiplying. - -In the second instance, while he recognized that nothing is -nothing, he forgot that all our figuring is done by columns, as we -saw in our last lesson; so that when we are multiplying by tens we -must put our first figure down in the hundreds column, and so on. -By forgetting this he multiplied his number by two hundreds, but -put his first figure down in the tens columns, and thus he really -multiplied by only 28 instead of 208. - -Now, the very simplest way to avoid this sort of mistake is to “go -through the motions” of multiplying by the “naught” or “zero.” Thus: - - The Right Way. 3,125 - 208 - ------ - 25000 - 0000 - 6250 - ------- - 650,000 - -This looks a little clumsy, perhaps, but it is the logical way--to -go through the process of saying naught times 5 is naught, naught -times 2 is naught, etc., putting down the results in the proper -columns. It is the safest way, if you are the least bit weak on the -principles of numbers, to do even the process of multiplying by -whole hundreds. Thus: - - 3,125 - 200 - ------ - 0000 - 0000 - 6250 - ------- - 625,000 - -By writing his example in the “short cut” style I have seen many a -man make this mistake: - - Wrong. 3,125 - 200 - ----- - 62500 - -That is, after setting down his two surplus ciphers, when he -obtained another in multiplying 5 by 2, he forgot that it was a -new one and went right on to the next process. If you are in that -position that you must really learn your arithmetic all over again, -stick to the logical method of showing every process and learn the -“short cuts” afterward. - -Now, when the reverse situation arises in division, a similar error -is of frequent occurrence. Suppose we are to divide 650,000 by -3,125. This sometimes results: - - The Wrong Way. 3,125)650,000(28 - - 625 0 - ----- - 25,000 - 25,000 - -That is, the figurer, when he came to try to divide 2,500 by 3,125, -realizing that it would not “go,” simply “brought down” another -figure. He forgot that the real mental process was 3,125 goes -into 2,500 no times, or produces “naught,” and that “naught,” or -“cipher,” must be set down in the proper tens column. The only safe -way, again, is to indicate every process; to “bring down” but one -figure at a time and to set down every result, even the “nothings,” -in its proper place. That will make our example look like this: - - The Right Way. 3,125)650,000(208 - 625 0 - 25 00 - 00 00 - ------ - 25 000 - 25 000 - -Very simple, but let me “whisper,” if you really master and -understand the mysteries of “long division,” you have crossed the -Rubicon of education. There is no door in all human learning that -need remain forever sealed to a persistent mind that has truly -found its way clearly and understandingly through this first great -stumbling block. Ask any old-fashioned school teacher to dispute -that proposition. And, “whisper” again, there are men counting -coupons who can do long division, to be sure, but who could not -tell you why it is done as it is, if the price of stocks depended -on it. - - -Punctuation. - -Punctuation is a system of marks the purpose of which is to -indicate to the eye the relation of words to one another in -meaning, and so the relative importance of the component parts of -a written composition. - -The marks of Punctuation, corresponding, for the most part, to -pauses in spoken language, are the comma (,), the period (.), the -note of interrogation (?), the note of exclamation (!), the colon -(:), the semi-colon (;), the dash (--), parentheses ( ), brackets -[ ], quotation marks (“ ”), and the hyphen (-). - -=Purpose of Punctuation.=--To make a written composition clear and -intelligent, and to facilitate the task of reading. - -=Avoid All Unnecessary Remarks.=--In modern writings punctuation -marks are less frequently used than they were among writers in the -early part of the last century. A sentence consisting of a simple -subject, a simple predicate, and a simple object, or the relation -of whose parts is clearly intelligible without marks, should not -be encumbered with any. Take, for instance, the following two -sentences: - -“The attack was prepared with impenetrable secrecy.” - -“On the very morning of the massacre they were in the houses and at -the tables of those whose deaths they were plotting.” - -=Comma.=--Three or more words of the same part of speech not -connected by conjunctions should be separated from one another by -commas. - -“He was strong, alert, active.” - -“New York City is grand, immense, beautiful.” - -Two words contrasted with one another are separated by a comma. - -“He is slow, but sure.” - -Words in a series of pairs should be separated by a comma. “Young -and old, strong and weak, fair and dark, good and bad.” - -Explanatory and parenthetical words or phrases (such as -“therefore,” “moreover,” “indeed,” “however,” “in fact,” “to some -extent,” etc.), inserted into the body of a sentence are usually -marked off by commas. - -A comma is inserted after the name of a person or thing addressed. - -“John, you were mistaken.” - -“My country, I am proud of thee.” - -=Period.=--The period (.) is put at the end of every complete -sentence that is not exclamatory or interrogative. It is also used -as a part of every abbreviation, and after every initial letter -standing in place of the full word in a name. “A. M.” (for Master -of Arts), “Mr.” (for Mister), “Esq.” (for Esquire), “R. W. Emerson” -(for Ralph Waldo Emerson), “Dr.” (for doctor). - -=Note of Interrogation.=--The note of interrogation (?) should -follow every direct question: “Are you coming?” “Shall I buy it?” -An interrogation point does not, however, follow an indirect -question, such as “Let me know what he says.” - -=Note of Exclamation.=--The note of exclamation (!) follows an -exclamation, or any series of words denoting an outburst of -feeling. “Alas!” “Three cheers!” “Hurrah!” - -=Colon.=--The colon (:) is used to divide from one another the -several co-ordinate members of a compound sentence, when they might -each of them form an independent sentence, but are ranged side by -side in a compound sentence for the sake of better showing how they -illustrate one another. - -“New York is a wonderful city: The wealthiest in America.” - -A quotation or enumeration of details is often preceded by a colon. - -“He spoke as follows:” “His last words were:” “Among those present -were:” - -=Semi-Colon.=--The semi-colon (;) separates co-ordinate sentences -more dependent on one another than are those parted by the colon. - -“Where it is prescribed that an act is to be done; or that the -adverse party has a specified time to do an act; if service -required is doubly the time allowed; except that,” etc. - -In sentences containing two sets of subjects and predicates where -either clause is very long or contains a subordinate clause, it is -well to use a semi-colon. - -=Parentheses.=--Parentheses () are used to enclose words or phrases -in a sentence, inserted by way of explanation or comment, but lying -outside of the construction of the sentence: - -“You see (as I predicted would be the case) I have had a long -journey for nothing.” - -=Dash.=--The dash (--) denotes, in most cases, a sudden digression -from the general run of the sentence: “I want to tell you--but -first let us go into the house.” - -Sometimes the dash takes the place of the parentheses, when the -clause, though digressive, bears some relation to the context. - -=Brackets.=--Brackets [] are used to isolate interpolated words -from the passage in which they are used: - -“The examiner said that if they [the candidates] were discovered -talking with each other he [the examiner] would have them [the -candidates] expelled from the room.” - -=Hyphen.=--A hyphen (-) is used, first to connect the part of a -word at the end of a line with the remaining letters or syllables -of the word beginning the next line; second, to conjoin two or more -words into a compound word; as, “a never-to-be-forgotten day;” -“long-winded,” etc. - -The part of a word to which the hyphen is attached should be an -integral part; that is, an entire syllable, and not merely certain -letters composing only a part of a syllable. - -=Quotation Marks.=--Quotation marks (“”) are used to distinguish -a word, phrase, clause, sentence, or passage taken word for word, -from any source outside that of the writing into which it is -inserted. - -A quotation within a quotation is marked off only by a single -inverted comma before and after it. But a quotation within the -second quotation requires double marks. - -A passage quoted, not word for word, but only in substance, is -often distinguished by but one quotation mark before and after it. - -=Capital Letters.=--In examinations containing papers the rating of -which is determined in part by correctness in the use of capital -letters the average candidate is usually at a disadvantage. The -following rules, if committed to memory, will enable the candidate -to avoid errors which, if made, might cause him to fail in the -examination. - -The first word of every sentence should begin with a capital letter. - -The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays. - -The names of places and countries; as, England, Yonkers, Belmont -Park, etc. - -The names of States, Mountains, Rivers and Lakes. - -All words used to signify the Deity; as, He, Him, His, Thou, Thee, -Thine, etc. - -The names of persons, the titles of persons, and the titles of -books; as, John Brown, Lord Salisbury, Senator Mitchell, “The -Marble Faun.” - -The first word in every line of poetry. - -The pronoun I, and the exclamation O, or Oh. - -The first word of a direct quotation should also begin with a -capital; as, “To thine own self be true.” - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -HOW COMPETITORS ARE JUDGED. - -Methods by Which the Examiners Keep Candidates’ Identity Secret. - - -After the examination, which is conducted with the most scrupulous -care to guard against favoritism or fraud, the local examiners -arrange the papers by sheets or subjects and all are forwarded -under seal to the United States Commission. When they are reached -in the order of rating, they are distributed by sheets to the -examiners, Examiner A being given all of sheets 1, Examiner B all -of sheets 2, Examiner C all of sheets 3, and so on, the sheets -being distributed to as many examiners as there are subjects in the -particular examination to be rated. After the papers are rated in -the first instance they are redistributed, and the first rating is -reviewed by other examiners. - -When all of the papers of an examination have been rated and -reviewed, those of each competitor are then, for the first -time, assembled or brought together, his average percentage -is ascertained, his declaration envelope is opened, and the -declaration sheet to which he has signed his name is attached to -his examination papers. The identity of the competitor, therefore, -is not disclosed until his papers have been rated and reviewed and -his average percentage determined. As the charges for specific -errors are all fixed by the rules for rating, and as each subject -is rated by two examiners acting separately and then reviewed by -both jointly, it will be seen that absolute impartiality, accuracy -and uniformity are secured in the work. - -Appeals from the ratings are sometimes made by competitors, but the -prospect of securing a higher rating is very remote. Errors on the -part of examiners in making charges are seldom found, as the work -of each examiner is verified and checked in every particular by -another. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -THE ELIGIBLE REGISTER. - -How Names Are Placed on Eligible List and Mode of Certification to -Postmasters. - - -Usually it takes from three to six months to rate all papers after -an examination. Candidates that make 70 per cent. or over are then -notified of their relative standing. The period of eligibility for -original appointments is one year from the date of entering the -name on the register. - -When a name has been placed upon a register it is not disturbed -until a postmaster calls for a list of eligibles. Then the proper -number of names are certified to him and he chooses those he needs. -The names of all others are returned to the eligible register to -await further certifications. - -In making appointments the postmaster has the privilege of -selecting one out of three down the list: If he had but one vacancy -he could select the third name, but could not take the fourth; he -also is permitted to appoint in regular order straight down the -list, if he so choose. - -The probationary period for letter carriers and clerks begins -upon their promotion to the regular force and not at the date -of original appointment as substitutes. The period of probation -is limited to six months and cannot be extended. At its close a -probationer must either be absolutely appointed or dismissed. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -RULES FOR RATING. - -Formula by Which Percentage Is Attained and Credited to the -Competitor. - - -All examination papers are rated according to the following rules: - -Every correct answer, 100. - -Every faulty answer according to its value on a scale of 100 and -deduct the sum of the error marks of each answer from 100. - -The difference between the sum of the error marks of each answer -and 100 will be the mark of the answer. - - -Rules for Rating Spelling. - - From 100 - deduct-- - - 1. For each error in spelling when the exercise - consists of 20 words 5 - - 2. For each error in capitalization 1 - - 3. For each failure to use or for each - wrong use of the hyphen and for each - improper division of a word into a - compound word when required to be - written solid 2 - - -Rules for Rating Arithmetic. - - From 100 - deduct-- - - 1. For each wrong process, producing incorrect - result, in proportion to the - number of steps involved and gravity - of error 10 to 100 - - 2. For decimal error and for each evasion - of a decimal or common fraction test 25 - - 3. For each error in computation or in - copying from the printed question or - from work 10 - - 4. For minor errors, such as wrong indication - of a correct process, incorrect - or inconsistent punctuation, improper - use of symbols of designation, improper - or incorrect designation of a - partial or final results, etc. 5 to 10 - - 5. For failure to show work, as required - in solution of problems 25 to 75 - - -Rules for Rating Letter Writing. - -In rating the letter, its errors in form and address, in spelling, -capitalization, punctuation, syntax and style, and its adherence -to and treatment of the subject given, are considered, and its -value, in the judgment of the examiners, determined on a scale of -100. - -In determining the mark for letter writing it is proper for the -examiner to be guided in a general way by the following scheme: -Excellent, 95 to 90; good, 90 to 80; fair, 80 to 70; ordinary, 70 -to 60; poor, 60 to 50; very poor, 50 to 25; practically worthless, -25 to 0. - - -Rules for Rating Penmanship. - -Penmanship is rated according to its value on a scale of 100. -In determining the rating, legibility, neatness and general -appearance, as well as correctness and uniformity in the formation -of words, letters and punctuation marks, are considered, and it is -proper for examiners to be guided in a general way by the following -scheme: Excellent, 90 to 85; very good, 85 to 80; good, 80 to 75; -ordinary, 75 to 70; poor, 70 to 65; very poor, 65 to 50; below the -grade of “very poor,” 50 to 10. - - -Rules for Rating Copying from Plain Copy. - - From 100 - deduct-- - - 1. For each word or figure omitted, repeated, - substituted, or improperly inserted 5 - - 2. For each error in spelling, for each - transposition, for each abbreviation - not in the copy, for each failure to - capitalize according to copy, for each - failure to punctuate according to - copy, for each failure to indent margin - as in copy, for each error in - paragraphing, and for irregularity in - left-hand margin 5 - - 3. For each misdivision of a word at the - end of a line, for each omission or - improper use of the hyphen in dividing - a word at the end of a line, for - each word altered, interlined, or canceled, - for each blot or minor erasure, - if not neat 1 - - 4. For any other deviation from copy - not covered by the foregoing, charges - are made in the discretion of the examiners. - - -Rules for Rating Reading Addresses. - -The rating on this subject is for accuracy only. A charge is made -for each error or omission in noting the errors on the printed -sheet, when compared with the correct written addresses given. The -difference between the sum of the errors thus found and 100 is the -rating on this subject. - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -DISTRICT REGULATIONS. - -RULES GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS. - -Competitors Required to State Clearly Whether They Desire -Eligibility for Clerk or Carrier. - - -There are in the United States, thirteen United States Civil -Service Districts, and in each, examinations for letter carrier -and clerk are held yearly. THE CHIEF has obtained from the -United States Civil Service Commission the regulations governing -the examinations in each district, the post offices for which -examinations may be taken, the rules relative to the registers -for clerk or carrier in each district, the approximate dates -when examinations are held and whether or not more than one -examination may be taken in the same Civil Service district. -Intending competitors should read carefully the section covering -their particular district, so as to know whether their names can -be placed on the carrier and clerk register, or only on one. There -is some difference in the regulations covering this part of the -requirements, but the rules for the examination proper, as given -in the preceding pages, are uniform all over the country. - - -FIRST DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Boston, Mass. - -At the following named offices the names of male eligibles will -be entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier: - -Boston, Mass.; Brockton, Mass.; Concord, N. H.; Fall River, Mass.; -Gloucester, Mass.; Hartford, Conn.; Haverhill, Mass.; Holyoke, -Mass.; Lawrence, Mass.; Lowell, Mass.; Lynn, Mass.; New Bedford, -Mass.; Newton Center, Mass.; Pawtucket, R. I.; Portland, Me.; -Providence, R. I.; Quincy, Mass.; Salem, Mass.; Springfield, Mass.; -Taunton, Mass.; Waltham, Mass.; Worcester, Mass. - -Note 1.--No change in the designation of the register will be -made after the date set for the close of receipt of applications. -The name of each male eligible for any post office not mentioned -above is entered on both the male clerk register and the carrier -register, and will be certified in its order to vacancies -occurring in either the position of male clerk or carrier, -without regard to any choice of position expressed by the -eligible in his application. Male eligibles will be entitled -to three certifications from the male clerk register and three -certifications from the carrier register. Failure of selection from -one register or declination of appointment when selected will not -affect the eligible’s standing on the other register. Appointment -from either register will remove the eligible’s name from both -registers. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Augusta, Me.; Bangor, Me.; Boston, Mass.; Brockton, Mass.; -Burlington, Vt.; Concord, N. H.; Fall River, Mass.; Fitchburg, -Mass.; Gloucester, Mass.; Hartford, Conn.; Haverhill, Mass.; -Holyoke, Mass.; Lawrence, Mass.; Lowell, Mass.; Lynn, Mass.; -Manchester, N. H.; New Britain, Conn.; New Bedford, Mass.; New -London, Conn.; Newport, R. I.; Newton Center, Mass.; Norwich, -Conn.; Pawtucket, R. I.; Pittsfield, Mass.; Portland, Me.; -Providence, R. I.; Quincy, Mass.; Salem, Mass.; Springfield, Mass.; -Taunton, Mass.; Waltham, Mass.; Waterville, Me.; Worcester, Mass. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary, Board of United States Civil Service Examiners, room -141, post office, Boston, Mass., or from the local secretary at -the office where employment is desired. Applications when executed -must be filed with the secretary of the board at Boston, Mass., -prior to 4 p. m. on the third Monday in October. Applications -received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent -examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Adams, Mass.; Amesbury, Mass.; Amherst, Mass.; Andover, Mass.; -Athol, Mass.; Attleboro, Mass.; Auburn, Me.; Bar Harbor, Me.; -Barre, Vt.; Bath, Me.; Belfast, Me.; Bellows Falls, Vt.; -Bennington, Vt.; Beverly, Mass.; Biddeford, Me.; Brattleboro, -Vt.; Bristol, Conn.; Bristol, R. I.; Brunswick, Me.; Camden, Me.; -Central Falls, R. I.; Chicopee, Mass.; Chicopee Falls, Mass.; -Claremont, N. H.; Clinton, Mass.; Concord Junction, Mass.; Danvers, -Mass.; Ware, Mass.; Watertown, Mass.; Webster, Mass.; Wellesley, -Mass.; Westbrook, Me.; Dedham, Mass.; Dover, N. H.; Easthampton, -Mass.; East Providence, R. I.; Exeter, N. H.; Franklin, Mass.; -Franklin Falls, N. H.; Gardner, Mass.; Gardiner, Me.; Great -Barrington, Mass.; Greenfield, Mass.; Houlton, Me.; Hudson, Mass.; -Hyde Park, Mass.; Keene, N. H.; Laconia, N. H.; Leominster, Mass.; -Lewiston, Me.; Marblehead, Mass.; Marlboro, Mass.; Medford, Mass.; -Melrose, Mass.; Middleboro, Mass.; Middletown, Conn.; Milford, -Mass.; Montepelier, Vt.; Nashua, N. H.; Westboro, Mass.; Westerly, -R. I.; Westfield, Mass.; West Medford, Mass.; Williamantic, -Conn.; Natick, Mass.; North Adams, Mass.; North Attleboro, Mass.; -Northampton, Mass.; Norwood, Mass.; Orange, Mass.; Peabody, Mass.; -Plymouth, Mass.; Portsmouth, N. H.; Putnam, Conn.; Reading, Mass.; -Rochester, N. H.; Rockland, Me.; Rockville, Conn.; Rumford Falls, -Me.; Rutland, Vt.; Skowhegan, Me.; Somersworth, N. H.; Southbridge, -Mass.; South Framingham, Mass.; South Weymouth, Mass.; St. Albans, -Vt.; St. Johnsbury, Vt.; Stoneham, Mass.; Torrington, Conn.; -Wakefield, Mass.; Winchester, Mass.; Winsted, Conn.; Woburn, Mass.; -Woonsocket, R. I. - -Note 2.--Any person may at the same time be an applicant for, or -eligible from examination for more than one post office. Whenever -a person whose name is upon more than one register is appointed -from one of such registers, his eligibility on all registers -shall expire by reason of such appointment. He may, however, upon -his written request, at any time within the period for which -eligibility would continue if not canceled by appointment, have -his eligibility revived on one or more of such registers for the -balance of such period of eligibility. - - -SECOND DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, New York City. - -No person may at the same time be an applicant for, or eligible -from examination for more than one post office in this district, -except when special examinations are ordered to secure sufficient -eligibles. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants must indicate in their applications -whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier. No change in -the designation of the register will be made after the date of the -examination: - -Albany, N. Y.; Binghamton, N. Y.; Bridgeport, Conn.; Brooklyn, N. -Y.; Buffalo, N. Y.; East Orange, N. J.; Elizabeth, N. J.; Elmira, -N. Y.; Flushing, N. Y.; Hoboken, N. J.; Jamaica, N. Y.; Jersey -City, N. J.; Long Island City, N. Y.; Newark, N. J.; New Haven, -Conn.; New York, N. Y.; Orange, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Rochester, -N. Y.; Schenectady, N. Y.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Troy, N. Y.; Utica, N. -Y.; Waterbury, Conn.; Yonkers, N. Y. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held in November or -December: - -Albany, N. Y.; Auburn, N. Y.; Binghamton, N. Y.; Bridgeport, Conn.; -Brooklyn, N. Y.; Danbury, Conn.; East Orange, N. J.; Elizabeth, N. -J.; Elmira, N. Y.; Hoboken, N. J.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Jamestown, N. Y.; -Jersey City, N. J.; Kingston, N. Y.; Locksport, N. Y.; Long Island -City, N. Y.; Meriden, Conn.; Montclair, N. J.; Morristown, N. J.; -Mount Vernon, N. Y.; Newark, N. J.; Newburgh, N. Y.; New Haven, -Conn.; New Rochelle, N. Y.; Niagara Falls, N. Y.; Orange, N. J.; -Passaic, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Plainfield, N. J.; Poughkeepsie, -N. Y.; Rochester, N. Y.; Schenectady, N. Y.; Saratoga Springs, N. -Y.; Stamford, Conn.; Stapleton, N. Y.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Troy, N. -Y.; Utica, N. Y.; Waterbury, N. Y.; Watertown, N. Y.; Yonkers, N. -Y. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained from the local secretary -at the office where employment is desired, or from the Secretary of -the Board of Civil Service Examiners, Custom House, New York City, -and should be properly executed and filed with the secretary of the -board at the Custom House in New York City between the 1st of July -and the third Monday in October. Applications presented at other -times will be returned to the applicants. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Albion, N. Y.; Ansonia, Conn.; Arlington, N. J.; Batavia, N. Y.; -Balston Spa, N. Y.; Bath, N. Y.; Bayonne, N. J.; Bloomfield, N. -J.; Brockport, N. Y.; Canandaigua, N. Y.; Canajoharie, N. Y.; -Canastota, N. Y.; Carthage, N. Y.; Catskill, N. Y.; Cohoes, N. Y.; -Corning, N. Y.; Cortland, N. Y.; Cooperstown, N. Y.; Cranford, N. -J.; Dansville, N. Y.; Derby, Conn.; Dover, N. J.; Dunkirk, N. Y.; -East Aurora, N. Y.; Englewood, N. J.; Far Rockaway, N. Y.; Fort -Plain, N. Y.; Fredonia, N. Y.; Fulton, N. Y.; Glens Falls, N. Y.; -Gouverneur, N. Y.; Greenwich, Conn.; Hempstead, N. Y.; Herkimer, -N. Y.; Hoosick Falls, N. Y.; Hornellsville, N. Y.; Hudson, N. Y.; -Ilion, N. Y.; Irvington, N. Y.; Johnstown, N. Y.; Leroy, N. Y.; -Little Falls, N. Y.; Lyons, N. Y.; Lestershire, N. Y.; Liberty, N. -Y.; Lockport, N. Y.; Madison, N. J.; Malone, N. Y.; Mamaroneck, -N. Y.; Medina, N. Y.; Middletown, N. Y.; Mechanicsville, N. Y.; -Naugatuck, Conn.; Newark, N. Y.; New Brighton, N. Y.; Newton, N. -J.; No. Tonawanda, N. Y.; Norwalk, Conn.; Norwich, N. Y.; Nyack, -N. Y.; Ogdensburg, N. Y.; Olean, N. Y.; Oneida, N. Y.; Oneonta, -N. Y.; Ossining, N. Y.; Owego, N. Y.; Palmyra, N. Y.; Patchogue, -N. Y.; Peekskill, N. Y.; Penn Yan, N. Y.; Plattsburg, N. Y.; Port -Chester, N. Y.; Port Jervis, N. Y.; Port Richmond, N. Y.; Potsdam, -N. Y.; Rahway, N. J.; Rome, N. Y.; Rosebank, N. Y.; Rutherford, N. -J.; Salamanca, N. Y.; Sandyhill, N. Y.; Saugerties, N. Y.; Seneca -Falls, N. Y.; South Norwalk, Conn.; South Orange, N. J.; Summit, -N. J.; Tarrytown, N. Y.; Tompkinsville, N. Y.; Tonawanda, N. Y.; -Wallingford, Conn.; Waverly, N. Y.; Weehawken, N. J.; Wellsville, -N. Y.; Westfield, N. J.; West Hoboken, N. J.; West New Brighton, N. -Y.; White Plains, N. Y. - - -THIRD DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Philadelphia, Pa. - -For the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier. - -Allegheny, Pa.; Altoona, Pa.; Atlantic City, N. J.; Camden, N. -J.; Chester, Pa.; Erie, Pa.; Harrisburg, Pa.; Lancaster, Pa.; -Philadelphia, Pa.; Pittsburg, Pa.; Reading, Pa.; Scranton, Pa.; -Trenton, Pa.; Trenton, N. J.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa..; Wilmington, Del.; -York, Pa. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Allegheny, Pa.; Allentown, Pa.; Altoona, Pa.; Atlantic City, N. J.; -Camden, N. J.; Chester, Pa.; Easton, Pa.; Erie, Pa.; Harrisburg, -Pa.; Johnstown, Pa.; Lancaster, Pa.; New Brunswick, N. J.; -Philadelphia, Pa.; Pittsburg, Pa.; Reading, Pa.; Scranton, Pa.; -Trenton, N. J.; Williamsport, Pa.; Wilmington, Del.; York, Pa. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary, Third United States Civil Service District, room -2, fourth floor, Post Office Building, Philadelphia, Pa., or from -the local secretary at the office where appointment is desired. -The application when executed must be filed with the district -secretary at Philadelphia, prior to 4.30 p. m., on the third Monday -in October. Applications received after that time are filed for the -next subsequent examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Dover, Del.; Asbury Park, N. J.; Bridgeton, N. J.; Burlington, -N. J.; Cape May, N. J.; Collingswood, N. J.; Freehold, N. J.; -Gloucester City, N. J.; Haddonfield, N. J.; Lakewood, N. J.; Long -Branch, N. J.; Merchantville, N. J.; Millville, N. J.; Moorestown, -N. J.; Ocean City, N. J.; Ocean Grove, N. J.; Perth Amboy, N. J.; -Phillipsburg, N. J.; Princeton, N. J.; Red Bank, N. J.; Salem, -N. J.; Somerville, N. J.; Vineland, N. J.; Washington, N. J.; -Woodbury, N. J.; Ambler, Pa.; Beaver Falls, Pa.; Bellefonte, -Pa.; Berwick, Pa.; Bethlehem, Pa.; Bloomsburg, Pa.; Braddock, -Pa.; Bradford, Pa.; Bristol, Pa.; Butler, Pa.; Canonsburg, Pa.; -Carbondale, Pa.; Carlisle, Pa.; Carnegie, Pa.; Chambersburg, Pa.; -Charleroi, Pa.; Clearfield, Pa.; Coattsville, Pa.; Columbia, Pa.; -Connelsville, Pa.; Conshohocken, Pa.; Corry, Pa.; Danville, Pa.; -Dubois, Pa.; Franklin, Pa.; Gettysburg, Pa.; Greensburg, Pa.; -Greenville, Pa.; Hanover, Pa.; Hazleton, Pa.; Homestead, Pa.; -Honesdale, Pa.; Huntington, Pa.; Indiana, Pa.; Jeanette, Pa.; Kane, -Pa.; Kittanning, Pa.; Lansdowne, Pa.; Latrobe, Pa.; Lebanon, Pa.; -Lewisburg, Pa.; Lewiston, Pa.; Lockhaven, Pa.; McKeesport, Pa.; -McKees Rocks, Pa.; Mahanoy City, Pa.; Meadville, Pa.; Media, Pa.; -Milton, Pa.; Monessen, Pa.; Monongahela, Pa.; Mt. Carmel, Pa.; -Nanticoke, Pa.; New Brighton, Pa.; Newcastle, Pa.; Norristown, Pa.; -Oil City, Pa.; Phillipsburg, Pa.; Phoenixville, Pa.; Pittston, Pa.; -Plymouth, Pa.; Pottstown, Pa.; Pottsville, Pa.; Punxsutawney, Pa.; -Ridgway, Pa.; Rochester, Pa.; Sayre, Pa.; Scotdale, Pa.; Sewickley, -Pa.; Shamokin, Pa.; Sharon, Pa.; Sharpsburg, Pa.; Shenandoah, Pa.; -South Bethlehem, Pa.; Steelton, Pa.; Sunbury, Pa.; Tarentum, -Pa.; Titusville, Pa.; Towanda, Pa.; Tyrone, Pa.; Union City, Pa.; -Uniontown, Pa.; Vandergrift, Pa.; Warren, Pa.; Washington, Pa.; -Wayne, Pa.; Waynesboro, Pa.; Waynesburg, Pa.; Westchester, Pa. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -FOURTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Washington, D. C. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered on -only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier register, and -male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they -desire the position of clerk or carrier: - -Baltimore, Md.; Norfolk, Va.; Richmond, Va.; Washington, D. C.; -Wheeling, Va. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Asheville, N. C.; Baltimore, Md.; Charleston, W. Va.; Parkersburg, -W. Va.; Raleigh, N. C.; Charlotte, N. C.; Cumberland, Md.; -Greensboro, N. C.; Lynchburg, Va.; Norfolk, Va.; Roanoke, -Va.; Washington, D. C.; Wheeling, W. Va.; Wilmington, N. C.; -Winston-Salem, N. C. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary of the Fourth District Examining-Board, Civil Service -Commission, Washington, D. C., or from the auxiliary secretary at -the office where appointment is desired. Applications when executed -must be filed with the secretary of the board at Washington, D. C, -prior to 4.30 p. m. on the third Monday in October. Applications -received after that time will be filed for the next examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Alexandria, Va.; Annapolis, Md.; Bedford City, Va.; Bluefield, -W. Va.; Charlottesville, Va.; Clarksburg, W. Va.; Danville, -Va.; Durham, N. C.; Elizabeth City, N. C.; Fairmont, W. Va.; -Fayetteville, N. C.; Frederick, Md.; Fredericksburg, Va.; -Goldsboro, N. C.; Grafton, W. Va.; Hagerstown, Md.; Hampton, Va.; -Harrisonburg, Va.; Highpont, N. C.; Huntington, W. Va.; Manchester, -Va.; Martinsburg, W. Va.; Morgantown, W. Va.; Moundsville, W. Va.; -Newbern, N. C.; Newport News, Va.; Petersburg, Va.; Portsmouth, -Pa.; Salisbury, Md.; Salisbury, N. C.; Sistersville, W. Va.; -Statesville, N. C.; Staunton, Va.; Westminster, Md.; Winchester, -Va. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -FIFTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Atlanta, Ga. - -Examinations can be taken only in the cities where employment is -desired. At the following offices the names of male eligibles will -be entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier: - -Atlanta, Ga.; Augusta, Ga.; Birmingham, Ala.; Charleston, S. C.; -Chattanooga, Tenn.; Knoxville, Tenn.; Memphis, Tenn.; Mobile, Ala.; -Nashville, Tenn.; Savannah, Ga. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Atlanta, Ga.; Augusta, Ga.; Birmingham, Ala.; Charleston, S. C.; -Chattanooga, Tenn.; Columbia, S. C.; Columbus, Ga.; Jackson, Miss.; -Jacksonville, Fla.; Knoxville, Tenn.; Macon, Ga.; Memphis, Tenn.; -Mobile, Ala.; Montgomery, Ala.; Nashville, Tenn.; Savannah, Ga.; -Tampa, Fla.; Vicksburg, Miss. - -Applications may be obtained at any time either from the District -Secretary at Atlanta, Ga., or from the local secretary at the -office where appointment is desired. The application when executed -must be filed with the District Secretary at Atlanta, Ga., prior -to 4 o’clock p. m., on the third Monday in October. Applications -received after that time will be filed for the next subsequent -examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Albany, Ga.; Americus, Ga.; Anderson, S. C.; Anniston, Ala.; -Athens, Ga.; Bessemer, Ala.; Bristol, Tenn.; Brunswick, Ga.; -Clarksville, Tenn.; Columbia, Tenn.; Columbus, Miss.; Cordele, Ga.; -Florence, Ala.; Gadeden, Ala.; Gainesville, Fla.; Greensville, -Miss.; Greenville, S. C.; Greenville, Tenn.; Harriman, Tenn.; -Hattiesburg, Miss.; Huntsville, Ala.; Jackson, Tenn.; Johnson City, -Tenn.; Key West, Fla.; Meridian, Miss.; Miami, Fla.; Natchez, -Miss.; Ocala, Fla.; Pensacola, Fla.; Rock Hill, S. C.; Rome, Ga.; -St. Augustine, Fla.; Selma, Ala.; Spartanburg, S. C.; Sumter, S. -C.; Thomasville, Ga.; Tuscaloosa, Ala.; Valdosta, Ga.; Waycross, -Ga.; Yazoo City, Miss. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -SIXTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Cincinnati, O. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier: - -Akron, O.; Canton, O.; Cincinnati, O.; Cleveland, O.; Columbus, O.; -Covington, Ky.; Dayton, O.; Evansville, Ind.; Fort Wayne, Ind., -Indianapolis, Ind.; Louisville, Ky.; Newport, Ky.; South Bend, -Ind.; Springfield, O.; Terre Haute, Ind.; Toledo, O.; Youngstown, -O. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Akron, O.; Anderson, Ind.; Ashland, O.; Canton, O.; Cincinnati, -O.; Cleveland, O.; Columbus, O.; Covington, Ky.; Dayton, O.; East -Liverpool, O.; Elkhart, Ind.; Evansville, Ind.; Fort Wayne, Ind.; -Hamilton, O.; Indianapolis, Ind.; Lafayette, Ind.; Lexington, Ky.; -Lima, O.; Louisville, Ky.; Mansfield, O.; Marion, Ind.; Muncie, -Ind.; Newport, Ky.; Paducah, Ky.; Richmond, Ind.; South Bend, Ind.; -Springfield, O.; Terre Haute, Ind.; Toledo, O.; Youngstown, O.; -Zanesville, O. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary, Sixth U. S. Civil Service District, room 418, fourth -floor, Post Office, Cincinnati, or from the local secretary at the -office where appointment is desired. The applications when executed -must be filed with the District Secretary at Cincinnati, prior to -4.30 p. m., on the third Monday in October. Applications received -after that time will be filed for the next examination. - -Examinations for the following offices will be held only when -eligibles are needed, and application blanks will not be given out -until the examinations are announced: - -Alexandria, Ind.; Alliance, O.; Ashland, Ky.; Ashtabula, O.; -Athens, O.; Attica, Ind.; Barberton, O.; Bedford, Ind.; Bellaire, -O.; Bellefontaine, O.; Bloomington, Ind.; Bluffton, Ind.; Bowling -Green, Ky.; Bowling Green, O.; Brazil, Ind.; Bucyrus, O.; -Cambridge, O.; Canal Dover, O.; Chillicothe, Ind.; Circleville, O.; -Coshocton, O.; Crawfordsville, Ind.; Columbia City, Ind.; Columbus, -Ind.; Connersville, Ind.; Conneaut, O.; Danville, Ky.; Decatur, -Ind.; Defiance, O.; Delaware, O.; Elwood, Ind.; Elyria, O.; Finley, -O.; Fostoria, O.; Frankfort, Ky.; Frankfort, Ind.; Franklin, Ind.; -Fremont, O.; Galion, O.; Gallipolis, O.; Goshen, Ind.; Greencastle, -Ind.; Greenfield, Ind.; Greenfield, O.; Greensburg, Ind.; -Greenville, O.; Hammond, Ind.; Hartford City, Ind.; Henderson, -Ky.; Hillsboro, O.; Hopkinsville, Ky.; Huntington, Ind.; Ironton, -O.; Jeffersonville, Ind.; Kendallville, Ind.; Kenton, O.; Kokoma, -Ind.; Lancaster, O.; Laporte, Ind.; Lebanon, Ind.; Lebanon, O.; -Logansport, Ind.; Lorain, O.; Madison, Ind.; Marietta, O.; Marion, -O.; Martinsville, Ind.; Massillon, O.; Maysville, Ky.; Michigan -City, Ind.; Middletown, O.; Mishawaka, Ind.; Mount Vernon, O.; New -Albany, Ind.; Newark, O.; Newcastle, Ind.; New Philadelphia, O.; -Niles, O.; Noblesville, Ind.; North Vernon, Ind.; Norwalk, O.; -Oberlin, O.; Owensboro, Ky.; Painesville, O.; Paris, Ky.; Peru, -Ind.; Piqua, O.; Portland, Ind.; Portsmouth, O.; Princeton, Ind.; -Ravenna, O.; Rushville, Ind.; St. Marys, O.; Salem, O.; Sandusky, -O.; Seymour, Ind.; Shelby, O.; Shelbyville, Ind.; Sidney, O.; -Steubenville, O.; Tiffin, O.; Troy, O.; Union City, Ind.; Urbana, -O.; Valparaiso, Ind.; Van Wert, O.; Vincennes, Ind.; Wabash, Ind.; -Warren, O.; Warsaw, Ind.; Washington Court House, O.; Washington, -Ind.; Winchester, Ind.; Wooster, O.; Xenia, O. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -SEVENTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Chicago, Ill. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier. - -Battle Creek, Mich.; Chicago, Ill.; Detroit, Mich.; Evanston, Ill.; -Grand Rapids, Mich.; Jackson, Mich.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Peoria, Ill.; -Racine, Wis.; Rockford, Ill.; Superior, Wis. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Aurora, Ill.; Ann Arbor, Mich.; Battle Creek, Mich.; Bay City, -Mich.; Chicago, Ill.; Detroit, Mich.; Elgin, Ill.; Evanston, Ill.; -Freeport, Ill.; Galesburg, Ill.; Grand Rapids, Mich.; Green Bay, -Wis.; Jackson, Mich.; Joliet, Ill.; Kalamazoo, Mich.; La Crosse, -Wis.; Lansing, Mich.; Madison, Mich.; Marshall, Mich.; Milwaukee, -Wis.; Moline, Ill.; Muskegon, Mich.; Oak Park, Ill.; Oshkosh, Wis.; -Peoria, Ill.; Port Huron, Mich.; Racine, Wis.; Rockford, Ill.; Rock -Island, Ill.; Saginaw, Mich.; Superior, Wis. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary of the Seventh U. S. Civil Service District, room 41, -second floor, Post Office, Chicago, or from the local secretary -at the office where appointment is desired. The application when -executed must be filed with the District Secretary at Chicago prior -to 4.30 p. m. on the third Monday in October. Applications received -after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination. - -Examinations for the following offices will be held only when -eligibles are needed, and application blanks will not be given out -until the examinations are announced: - -Adrian, Mich.; Albion, Mich.; Alpena, Mich.; Antigo, Wis.; -Appleton, Wis.; Ashland, Wis.; Baraboo, Wis.; Batavia, Ill.; Beaver -Dam, Wis.; Beloit, Wis.; Belvidere, Ill.; Benton Harbor, Mich.; -Big Rapids, Mich.; Blue Island, Ill.; Cadillac, Mich.; Calumet, -Mich.; Charlotte, Mich.; Chicago Heights, Ill.; Chippewa Falls, -Wis.; Coldwater, Mich.; DeKalb, Ill.; Divon, Ill.; Dowagiac, Mich.; -Dwight, Ill.; Eau Claire, Wis.; Escanaba, Mich.; Flint, Mich.; -Fond du Lac, Wis.; Fort Atkinson, Wis.; Galena, Ill.; Hancock, -Mich.; Harvey, Ill.; Hastings, Mich.; Hillsdale, Mich.; Holland, -Mich.; Ionia, Mich.; Iron Mountain, Mich.; Ironwood, Mich.; -Isthpeming, Mich.; Janesville, Wis.; Kankakee, Ill.; Kenosha, Wis.; -Kewanee, Ill.; LaGrange, Ill.; LaSalle, Ill.; Ludington, Mich.; -Manitowoc, Wis.; Manistee, Mich.; Marinette, Wis.; Marquette, -Mich.; Marshfield, Wis.; Maywood, Ill.; Menasha, Wis.; Mendota, -Ill.; Menominee, Mich.; Menomonie, Wis.; Merrill, Wis.; Monmouth, -Ill.; Morgan Park, Ill.; Monroe, Mich.; Mount Clemens, Mich.; Mount -Pleasant, Mich.; Neenah, Wis.; Niles, Mich.; Ottawa, Ill.; Owosso, -Mich.; Peru, Ill.; Petoskey, Mich.; Pontiac, Mich.; Portage, Wis.; -Princeton, Ill.; Rhinelander, Wis.; Saginaw-West Side, Mich.; St. -Charles, Ill.; St. Johns, Mich.; St. Joseph, Mich.; Sault Ste. -Marie, Mich.; Sheboygan, Wis.; South Haven, Mich.; Stevens Point, -Wis.; Sterling, Ill.; Streator, Ill.; Three Rivers, Mich.; Traverse -City, Mich.; Watertown, Wis.; Waukegan, Ill.; Waukesha, Wis.; -Wausau, Wis.; Wauwatosa, Wis.; West Bay City, Mich.; Wheaton, Ill.; -White Water, Wis.; Wyandotte, Mich.; Ypsilanti, Mich.; Zion City, -Ill. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -EIGHTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, St. Paul, Minn. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered on -only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier register, and -male applicants must indicate in their applications whether they -desire the position of clerk or carrier: - -Davenport, Iowa; Des Moines, Iowa; Dubuque, Iowa; Duluth, Minn.; -Lincoln, Neb.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Omaha, Neb.; Sioux City, Iowa; -South Omaha, Neb.; St. Paul, Minn. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Burlington, Iowa; Cedar Bluffs, Iowa; Council Bluffs, Iowa; -Davenport, Iowa; Des Moines, Iowa; Duluth, Minn.; Minneapolis, -Minn.; Omaha, Neb.; Ottumwa, Iowa; Sioux City, Iowa; Sioux Falls, -S. Dak.; South Omaha, Neb.; Fargo, N. Dak.; Keokuk, Iowa; Lincoln, -Neb.; St. Paul, Minn.; Waterloo, Iowa; Winona, Minn.; York, Neb. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the secretary of the board, room 532, fifth floor, Post Office, St. -Paul, or from the local secretary at the office where appointment -is desired. The application when executed must be filed with the -secretary of the board, room 532, fifth floor, Post Office, St. -Paul, prior to 4 o’clock p. m., on the third Monday in October. -Applications received after that time will be filed for the next -examination. - -Examinations for the following offices will be held only when -eligibles are needed, and application blanks will not be given out -until the examinations are announced: - -Aberdeen, S. Dak.; Albert Lea, Minn.; Ames, Iowa; Atlantic, Iowa; -Austin, Minn.; Beatrice, Neb.; Bismarck, N. Dak.; Boone, Iowa; -Brainerd, Minn.; Carroll, Iowa; Cedar Falls, Iowa; Centerville, -Iowa; Charles City, Iowa; Cherokee, Iowa; Clarinda, Iowa; Clinton, -Iowa; Creston, Iowa; Crookston, Minn.; Deadwood, S. Dak.; Decorah, -Iowa; Estherville, Iowa; Fairbury, Neb.; Fairfield, Iowa; -Faribault, Minn.; Fort Dodge, Iowa; Fort Madison, Iowa; Fergus -Falls, Minn.; Fremont, Neb.; Grand Forks, N. Dak.; Grand Island, -Neb.; Grinnell, Iowa; Hastings, Neb.; Huron, S. Dak.; Independence, -Iowa; Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa Falls, Iowa; Jamestown, N. Dak.; -Kearney, Neb.; Lead, S. Dak.; Lemars, Iowa; Little Falls, Minn.; -Lyons, Iowa; Marion, Iowa; Marshalltown, Iowa; Mason City, Iowa; -Mitchell, S. Dak.; Mount Pleasant, Iowa; Muscatine, Iowa; Nebraska -City, Neb.; Newton, Iowa; Norfolk, Neb.; Northfield, Minn.; -Oelwein, Iowa; Osage, Iowa; Oskaloosa, Iowa; Owatonna, Minn.; Red -Oak, Iowa; Red Wing, Minn.; Rochester, Minn.; Shenandoah, Iowa; St. -Cloud, Minn.; Stillwater, Minn.; Washington, Iowa; Watertown, S. -Dak.; Webster City, Iowa; Lankton, S. Dak. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -NINTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, St. Louis, Mo. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants must indicate in their applications -whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier: - -Kansas City, Mo.; Little Rock, Ark.; Quincy, Ill.; St. Joseph, Mo.; -St. Louis, Mo.; Springfield, Ill.; Topeka, Kans. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Atchison, Kans.; Bloomington, Ill.; Danville, Ill.; Decatur, Ill.; -East St. Louis, Ill.; Fort Smith, Ark.; Joplin, Mo.; Kansas City, -Kans.; Kansas City, Mo.; Little Rock, Ark.; Oklahoma, Okla.; -Quincy, Ill.; St. Joseph, Mo.; St. Louis, Mo.; Springfield, Ill.; -Springfield, Mo.; Topeka, Kans.; Wichita, Kans. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either from -the Secretary, Ninth U. S. Civil Service District, Appraisers’ -Stores Building, St. Louis, Mo., or from the local secretary at the -office where appointment is desired. Applications when executed -must be filed with the District Secretary at St. Louis, Mo., prior -to 4.30 p. m. on the third Monday in October. Applications received -after that time will be filed for the next examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Abilene, Kans.; Alton, Ill.; Ardmore, Ind. T.; Arkansas City, -Kans.; Belleville, Ill.; Beloit, Ill.; Cairo, Ill.; Canton, Ill.; -Cape Girardeau, Mo.; Carrolton, Mo.; Carthage, Mo.; Centralia, -Ill.; Champaign, Ill.; Chanute, Kans.; Charleston, Ill.; -Chillicothe, Mo.; Clay Center, Kans.; Clinton, Ill.; Clinton, -Mo.; Coffeyville, Kans.; Columbia, Mo.; Concordia, Kans.; Elreno, -Okla.; Emporia, Kans.; Enid, Okla.; Fayetteville, Ark.; Fort Scott, -Kans.; Fulton, Mo.; Galena, Kans.; Girard, Kans.; Greenville, -Ill.; Guthrie, Okla.; Hannibal, Mo.; Helena, Ark.; Hiawatha, -Kans.; Hoopeston, Ill.; Hot Springs, Ark.; Hutchinson, Kans.; -Independence, Kans.; Independence, Mo.; Iola, Kans.; Jacksonville, -Ill.; Jefferson City, Mo.; Jonesboro, Ark.; Junction City, Kans.; -Kirksville, Mo.; Lawrence, Kans.; Lawton, Okla.; Leavenworth, -Kans.; Lincoln, Ill.; Litchfield, Ill.; Louisiana, Mo.; Macomb, -Ill.; Macon, Mo.; Marshall, Mo.; Maryville, Mo.; Manhattan, Kans.; -McPherson, Kans.; Matoon, Ill.; Muscogee, Ind. T.; Mount Vernon, -Ill.; Mexico, Mo.; Moberly, Mo.; Murphysboro, Ill.; Nevada, Mo.; -Newton, Kans.; Olathe, Kans.; Ottawa, Kans.; Pana, Ill.; Paris, -Ill.; Parsons, Kans.; Pekin, Ill.; Perry, Okla.; Pine Bluff, Ark.; -Pittsburg, Kans.; Poplar Bluff, Mo.; St. Charles, Mo.; Salina, -Kans.; Sedalia, Mo.; Shawnee, Okla.; South McAlester, Ind. T.; -Taylorville, Ill.; Texarkana, Ark.; Trenton, Mo.; Urbana, Ill.; -Warrensburg, Mo.; Webb City, Mo.; Wellington, Kans.; Winfield, Kans. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -TENTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, New Orleans, La. - -Examinations for the following offices are held on the first -Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of November of each year: - -Austin, Tex.; Beaumont, Tex.; Dallas, Tex.; El Paso, Tex.; Fort -Worth, Tex.; Galveston, Tex.; Houston, Tex.; New Orleans, La.; San -Antonio, Tex.; Shreveport, La.; Waco, Tex. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either -from the Secretary, Tenth Civil Service District, Custom House, -New Orleans, La., or from the local secretary at the office where -appointment is desired. Applications when executed must be filed -with the District Secretary at New Orleans, La., prior to 4.30 p. -m. on the third Monday in October. Applications received after that -time will be filed for the next subsequent examination. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles are entered -on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier register, -and male applicants for those offices must indicate in their -applications whether they desire the position of clerk or carrier: - -Dallas, Tex.; Fort Worth, Tex.; Galveston, Tex.; Houston, Tex.; New -Orleans, La.; San Antonio, Tex. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Abilene, Tex.; Alexandria, La.; Amarillo, Tex.; Baton Rouge, La.; -Bonham, Tex.; Cleburne, Tex.; Corsicana, Tex.; Crowley, La.; -Denison, Tex.; Gainesville, Tex.; Greenville, Tex.; Hillsboro, -Tex.; Lake Charles, La.; Laredo, Tex.; McKinney, Tex.; Marshall, -Tex.; Monroe, La.; New Iberia, La.; Palestine, Tex.; Paris, -Tex.; Sherman, Tex.; Temple, Tex.; Terrell, Tex.; Tyler, Tex.; -Waxahachie, Tex.; Weatherford, Tex. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -ELEVENTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, Denver, Col. - -At the following offices the names of male eligibles will be -entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the carrier -register, and male applicants for those offices must indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier: - -Colorado Springs, Col.; Denver, Col.; Pueblo, Col.; Salt Lake City, -Utah. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Salt Lake City, Utah; Ogden, Utah; Pueblo, Col.; Denver, Col.; -Colorado Springs, Col. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time from the -Secretary of the Board of U. S. Civil Service Examiners, Post -Office, Denver, Col., or from the local secretary at the office -where appointment is desired. Applications when executed must be -filed with the secretary of the board at Denver, Col., prior to -4.30 p. m. on the third Monday in October. Applications received -after that time will be filed for the next subsequent examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed and application blanks are not given out until the -examinations are announced: - -Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Aspen, Col.; Boulder, Col.; Canon City, Col.; -Cheyenne, Wyo.; Cripple Creek, Col.; Durango, Col.; Florence, Col.; -Fort Collins, Col.; Grand Junction, Col.; Greeley, Col.; Laramie, -Wyo.; Las Vegas, N. Mex.; Leadville, Col.; Logan, Utah; Phoenix, -Ariz.; Prescott, Ariz.; Provo City, Utah; Rockyford, Col.; Santa -Fe, N. Mex.; Sheridan, Wyo.; Trinidad, Col.; Tucson, Ariz.; Victor, -Col. - -See Note 2, First District. - - -TWELFTH DISTRICT. - -Headquarters, San Francisco, Cal. - -The name of each male eligible for the following-named post offices -will be entered on only one register, namely, the clerk or the -carrier register, and male applicants must therefore indicate in -their applications whether they desire the position of clerk or -carrier: - -Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Jose, Cal.; -Butte, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Seattle, Wash.; Spokane, Wash.; -Tacoma, Wash. - -See Note 1, First District. - -Examinations for the following-named offices are held, as far as -practicable, on the first Wednesday or Saturday after the 15th of -November of each year: - -Oakland and San Francisco, Cal., to be held in San Francisco; -Fresno, Los Angeles, Pasadena, Sacramento, San Diego, San Jose -and Stockton, Cal., in those places, respectively; Butte, Helena, -Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., in those -places, respectively. - -Blank forms of application may be obtained at any time either -from the secretary of the board, Post Office, San Francisco; the -auxiliary secretary at the post office at San Diego, Cal., or from -the auxiliary secretary at the office where appointment is desired. -The application when executed must be filed with the secretary of -the board, Post Office, San Francisco, prior to 4 o’clock p. m., on -the third Monday in October. Applications received after that time -will be filed for the next subsequent examination. - -Examinations for the following offices are held only when eligibles -are needed, and application blanks will not be given out until the -examinations are announced: - -In the State of California: Alameda, Bakersfield, Berkeley, Chico, -Eureka, Hanford, Long Beach, Marysville, Napa, Palo Alto, Petaluma, -Pomona, Redding, Redlands, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Luis -Obispo, San Rafael, Santa Ana, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Santa -Rosa, Vallejo, Visalia, Watsonville. - -In the State of Nevada: Reno. - -Aberdeen, Wash.; Albany, Ore.; Anaconda, Mont.; Astoria, Ore.; -Baker City, Ore.; Bellingham, Wash.; Billings, Mont.; Boise, Idaho; -Bozeman, Mont.; Eugene, Ore.; Everett, Wash.; Great Falls, Mont.; -Kalispell, Mont.; Lewiston, Idaho; Livingston, Mont.; Missoula, -Mont.; Moscow, Idaho; North Yakima, Wash.; Olympia, Wash.; -Pendleton, Ore.; Pocatello, Idaho; Salem, Ore.; The Dalles, Ore.; -Walla Walla, Wash. - -See Note 2, First District. - - - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -EXAMINATION IN THE FAR EAST. - -Regulations Differ from Those in the United States--Mounted Men in -the Island Force. - - -The Civil Service regulations for the Postal Service in the -Philippine Islands vary considerably from those for the United -States. There is only one examination--that of letter carrier. -Carriers are divided into two classes, mounted and unmounted. The -entrance salary of an unmounted carrier is $360. The higher classes -are filled by promotion. All the carriers must furnish their own -uniforms, as in the United States, while the mounted carriers must -provide their own conveyances. Both conveyances and uniforms are -subject to inspection and must be approved by the Director of Posts. - -The examination consists of tests in spelling, arithmetic, -penmanship, copying from plain copy, location of buildings, -streets, plazas, etc., in the City of Manila, reading addresses and -simple tests in English. - -The following is an example of the questions asked by the -Philippine examiners in an examination for letter carrier: - -Spelling.--Question, Column, Regular, Possible, Precious, Guardian, -Entrance, Separate, Official, Eager, Patience, Position, Exceed, -Language, Explain, Business, Receive, Copyist, Certify, Specimen. - -Arithmetic.--1. Add the following numbers: 7,820, 140, 616,487, -18,021,762, 5,329,456, 5,647,893, 432,890, 23,578,932, and 45,004. -From the sum of these numbers extract 8,641,762. - -2. Multiply 794.4 by 450-3/5, and divide the product by 49.65. - -3. A clerk received a salary of $720 a year. He spent 3/5 of it for -board, 1/4 of the remainder for clothing, and $144 for all other -expenses. How much did he save? - -4. An open court contains 160 sq. yds. How many stones 9 inches -square will be required to pave it? (1,296 sq. in. equals 1 sq. yd.) - -5. A Manila grocer imported 1,083 pounds of butter at 39 cents a -pound and sold it at 5/13 more than it cost. If his expenses were -$36.47, what was his net profit? - -Letter Writing.--Two subjects for letter writing are given, and the -competitor may select either upon which to write a letter of not -less than 125 words. The exercise in letter writing is designed -chiefly to test the competitor’s skill in composition. - -Penmanship.--The rating on penmanship is determined by legibility, -neatness, rapidity and general appearance, and by correctness and -uniformity in the formation of words, letters and punctuation marks -in the exercise in copying from plain copy. No particular style of -penmanship is preferred. - -Copying from Plain Copy.--Candidates were required to make an exact -copy of the following: - -“The hemp tree in the Philippines reaches an average height of -10 feet. It is a native plant, the stem of which is inclosed in -layers of half-round petioles. The hemp fiber is extracted from -these petioles, which, when cut down, are separated into strips 5 -to 6 inches wide, and drawn under a knife attached at one end by -a hinge to a block of wood, while the other end is suspended from -the extremity of a flexible stick. The bow tends to raise the knife -and a cord attached to the same end of the knife, and a treadle -is so arranged that, by a movement of the foot, the operator can -bring the knife to work on the hemp petiole with the pressure he -chooses.” - - - - -CHAPTER XV. - -RULES FOR LETTER CARRIERS. - -How Mail Must Be Delivered--Work of Substitutes--Requirements, -Uniforms, Etc. - - -Letter carriers and substitute letter carriers are appointed by the -Postmaster General on the nomination of the postmaster. - -Selection of persons for appointment as substitute letter carriers -must be made by the postmaster from the carriers’ eligible register -in the manner prescribed by the Civil Service Rules and the -nominations submitted to the First Assistant Postmaster General -(Division of Free Delivery), on Form 1101, together with the -certificate for original appointment, Postal Service, Form 145, -issued by the local Civil Service Board. When two or more persons -are nominated on the same day for appointment as substitute letter -carrier, their seniority shall be determined by their standing, or -rating, on the eligible register, and not by the order of their -selection. - -A vacancy in the regular force must be filled by the promotion -of the senior substitute, whom the postmaster shall nominate for -appointment on Form 1101. When a vacancy occurs in the regular -force and there are no substitute letter carriers the nomination -for appointment to fill such vacancy shall be made in the manner -prescribed in the appointment of substitute letter carriers. The -selection of letter carriers and substitute letter carriers at new -free delivery offices, upon their establishment, is made from the -carriers’ eligible register by the Postmaster General. - -When a vacancy occurs or an emergency arises necessitating the -immediate appointment of a letter carrier and there are no -available substitutes, and the eligible register contains less than -three names, the postmaster may nominate, for temporary appointment -not to exceed ninety days, any person of good character who is -within the age limitations. A postmaster is not required to, but -may make a selection from an eligible register containing less than -three names. - -Reinstatements to the service will only be made in accordance with -Rule IX. of the Civil Service Rules. Applications for reinstatement -to the service must be made through the postmaster to the First -Assistant Postmaster General (Division of Free Delivery). If the -application be favorably considered, the First Assistant Postmaster -General will make requisition on the Civil Service Commission for -a certificate for reinstatement. - -Where an applicant for reinstatement is an honorably discharged -soldier or sailor of the late Civil War or war with Spain he must -give the number of the company and the regiment in which he served, -and, if possible, transmit through the postmaster the certificate -of his honorable discharge from the military or naval service. - -Transfers from the grade of clerk to that of carrier in the -same office may be made, provided they are effected by exchange -of positions, and the clerks to be transferred are physically -able to perform the duties of a carrier, but transfers from the -clerical force to vacancies in the letter carrier force will not -be permitted, except in cases where, in the judgment of the First -Assistant Postmaster General, the best interests of the service -will be subserved. - -The transfer of a carrier from one office to another will not be -permitted unless it is shown by the sworn statement of a reputable -physician that the health of the carrier or of a member of his -immediate family requires a change of climate, and that the -transfer is desired on that account. Applications for transfer must -be indorsed by the postmaster and transmitted by him to the First -Assistant Postmaster General (Division of Free Delivery), with a -full statement of the circumstances surrounding each case. - -Resignations of letter carriers and substitute letter carriers must -be made in writing and forwarded to the First Assistant Postmaster -General (Division of Free Delivery). No resignation requested by -the postmaster, or by anyone for him, will be accepted. - -Letter carriers will not be removed except for just cause, upon -written charges filed with the First Assistant Postmaster General -(Division of Free Delivery), of which they shall be given due -notice and allowed full opportunity for defense. The charges shall -specifically set forth alleged delinquency or misconduct, giving -the date and place of the occurrence. - -Every letter carrier shall give bonds, with sureties, to be -approved by the Postmaster General, for the safe custody and -delivery of all mail matter, and the faithful account and payment -of all money received by him. Each letter carrier and substitute -letter carrier shall, at the time of his appointment, give bond -in the sum of one thousand dollars. It is preferred that bonds -furnished by one of the surety companies authorized to act as -sureties on official bonds be given. The original bonds of two or -more carriers or substitutes, appointed at the same time, may be -given on a blanket or schedule form. Letter carriers transferred -from one post office to another, and substitutes promoted to -be regular carriers, must file new bonds, their former bonds -terminating on the date of such transfer or promotion. A list -of the companies authorized to act as sole surety on official -bonds will be furnished upon application to the First Assistant -Postmaster General (Division of Free Delivery). All bonds of -carriers must be filed with the First Assistant Postmaster General -(Division of Free Delivery). - -Every carrier, before beginning active service, shall take the -official oath prescribed in Section 207, which oath will be -retained on the files of the local post office, subject to the -call of the First Assistant Postmaster General or to inspection -by a post office inspector or other officer of the Post Office -Department. - - -Uniforms of Carriers. - -The Postmaster General may prescribe a uniform dress to be worn -by letter carriers, and any person not connected with the letter -carrier branch of the Postal Service who shall wear the uniform -which may be prescribed shall for every such offense be punishable -by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment -for not more than six months, or both. - -Letter carriers and substitutes must procure uniforms at their own -expense. Postmasters will advise and assist them in obtaining -well-fitting suits of the prescribed material and at the best terms. - -Uniforms made according to the following specifications must be -worn by all letter carriers: - - -For Winter Uniform. - -Coat.--A double-breasted, square-corner sack coat, with lapels, -and made of bluish-gray worsted or serge, terminating two-thirds -of the distance from the top of the hipbone to the knee, with a -pocket at each side and one on the left breast, all outside, with -flaps 2-3/4 to 3 inches wide, with length to suit height of wearer, -say, 6-1/2 to 7 inches; coat to be piped with the best grade mohair -braid, 1/16 inch projecting, to be inserted between edges; ten -brass buttons with the design of this Department (letter carrier -in uniform, with mail bag on shoulder and letter in uplifted hand, -or present design with letters “P. O. D.” beneath), down the front -to button to the neck, and cord piping around the sleeves, 2-1/2 -inches from the bottom, to correspond with piping on the edge; two -circular buttons (vest size) on sleeve of coat, equidistant below -cord on sleeve; on right shoulder a brass hook 1-1/2 inches long -by 3/4 inch wide, to be two inches above sleeve seam, to retain -strap of mail bag in its position; coat to be lined with a durable -all-wool flannel. - -Trousers.--Of same material and color of coat, with fine black -broadcloth piping, 1/4 inch wide, down the outside seam. Side and -two hip pockets, to be made of strong, durable material. - -Vest.--A single-breasted vest of same material and color as coat -and trousers, with seven circular, brass buttons (vest size), with -the letters “P. O. D.” upon the face. Four pockets on outside, two -on breast, and two at waist, and one on inside. - -Overcoat or Cape.--A reversible cape (detached from the coat) -reaching to the cuff of the coat sleeve when the arm is extended, -of the same material and color on one side, and gutta-percha cloth -on the other side, with five buttons, the same as on the coat, down -the front, and bound entirely round with black mohair piping; or -an overcoat of the same material and color, trimmed to correspond -with the coat, with five brass buttons down the front of the same -size and design as the coat button. It shall not be obligatory on -the carriers to wear either, but whenever additional covering is -needed the postmaster of each city will decide, in accordance with -the wishes of the majority of the carriers, which shall be worn, as -both must not be worn in the same city. - - -For Summer Wear. - -Coat.--Single-breasted, straight-front sack, with square corners, -skeleton made, of bluish-gray flannel, or a light-weight -bluish-gray worsted or serge, and terminating two-thirds distance -from top of hipbone to knee, with lapels (medium roll) made to -button over the breast; three pockets outside, with flaps, one -on each side and one on left breast. Coat to be bound with black -mohair piping, 1/16 inch projection, and five buttons down front, -four buttons to button, and one at top, under lapel of coat. - -Trousers.--Same material and color as coat, with black cloth cord, -1/4 inch wide, down the outside seam. Side and two hip pockets, to -be made of strong and durable material. - -Vest.--Same material and color as coat and trousers, piped same -as coat, with collar cut to open same height as coat, and five -regulation buttons down the front. Vest may be omitted in Summer. -During the heated term postmasters may permit letter carriers -to wear a neat shirt or loose-fitting blouse, instead of coat -and vest, the same to be made of light-gray chambray, gingham, -light-gray cheviot, or other light-gray washable material, to be -worn with turn-down collar, dark tie, and neat belt, all to be -uniform at each office. All garments must be sewed with pure-dye -sewing silk, and the garments must be finished in a proper and -workmanlike manner and goods thoroughly shrunk. - -Carriers must be designated by number, and nickel-plated figures -nine-sixteenths of an inch in length, surmounted by a metallic -wreath, must be worn, on the hat, cap, or helmet, the design and -pattern to be uniform at all offices, and to be regarded as a part -of the carrier’s uniform. - -Length of service as letter carriers shall be indicated on the -carrier’s uniforms by stars, as follows: - -Five years’ service, one black silk star. - -Ten years’ service, two black silk stars. - -Fifteen years’ service, one red silk star. - -Twenty years’ service, two red silk stars. - -Twenty-five years’ service, one silver star. - -Thirty years’ service, two silver stars. - -Forty years’ service, two gold stars. - -All stars will be three-fourths of an inch in diameter and placed -one-half inch above black braid on each sleeve, equidistant between -seams. - -Postmasters of free delivery offices will cause a careful -inspection of carriers’ uniforms to be made twice a year. A carrier -should not be required to buy a new suit or any part thereof, -unless the postmaster, after inspection, decides that it is -necessary in order to maintain a uniform and neat appearance of the -force. - - -Performance of Service. - -All letter carriers at free delivery offices shall be entitled to -leave of absence, not to exceed fifteen days in each year, without -loss of pay. The words “each year” mean fiscal year (July 1st to -June 30th, inclusive), and carriers in the service on the first day -of July are entitled to receive fifteen days’ vacation, inclusive -of Sundays and holidays, at any time during the year when the -postmaster can best spare them. Carriers entering the service after -the first day of July are entitled to a pro rata leave of absence -during the remainder of the fiscal year, equal to one and a quarter -days for each month. - -Carriers serving as members of the local Civil Service Boards -during examinations, as members of the United States Militia of the -District of Columbia, or as witnesses for the Government in the -United States courts, shall be given leave with full pay during -necessary absence occasioned by such service. - -Postmasters may, in addition to the leave of absence provided by -law, grant a leave of absence without pay to carriers in cases -of illness, disability received in the service, or other urgent -necessity, such leave not to exceed thirty days. An application for -a leave of absence to cover a longer period of time must be made to -the First Assistant Postmaster General (Division of Free Delivery) -for suspension with loss of pay, or for removal from the service, -as the circumstances may require. - -When regular carriers are absent from duty for any cause, their -places shall be supplied by substitute carriers. The Postmaster -General is authorized to employ, when necessary, during the -time such fifteen days’ leave of absence is granted to a letter -carrier, such number of substitute letter carriers as may be deemed -advisable, who shall be paid for the services rendered at the rate -of six hundred dollars per annum. - -Substitute carriers shall be assigned to duty by the postmaster, -or his representative, and must never be called into service by -carriers, except in cases of urgent necessity, when it is plainly -impossible to notify the postmaster in time, either by telephone or -messenger. - -Substitute letter carriers will be paid one dollar per annum, -payable quarterly. They also receive pay at the rate of $600 per -annum when serving in place of carriers who have been granted -annual leave of absence. The pro rata salary of carriers for whom -they serve who are absent without pay is also given to them, as -well as the pro rata salary of carriers who are granted leave of -absence with full pay in order that they may serve as members of -local Civil Service Boards in conducting examinations, as witnesses -for the Government in United States courts, or as members of the -United States Militia of the District of Columbia. - -When substitutes serve for regular carriers on Sunday and perform -the same amount of work the regular carrier would have performed on -that day, they receive a full day’s pay. - - -Hours of Service for Carriers. - -Eight hours constitutes a day’s work for letter carriers in cities -or postal districts connected therewith, for which they receive the -same pay as is paid for a day’s work of a greater number of hours. -If any letter carrier is employed a greater number of hours per -day than eight he is paid extra for the same in proportion to the -salary fixed by law. - -Postmasters prepare, for the guidance of carriers in their work, a -time schedule made on the basis of eight hours’ work each day, and -so arranged as to provide only such time as is absolutely necessary -for the legitimate office duties of each carrier. The hours of -daily service need not be consecutive. No carrier is scheduled for -more work than he can perform during eight hours. Carriers need not -be required to consume exactly eight hours each day, but as nearly -such time as practicable, considering the varying amount of mail -to be handled on different days. Postmasters must not direct or -permit carriers to work overtime, and are held accountable therefor. - -Letter carriers must not report prior to schedule time for the -first trip of the day, nor for the beginning of a trip following a -“swing.” Carriers must not remain at their desks nor in the working -room of the office during a “swing” or interval between trips, nor -during the dinner hour; neither must they remain in the post office -after completing the last trip of the day. - -Carriers engaged exclusively in the collection service must not -remain in the workroom of the office except while depositing and -facing the mail collected by them. Carriers must register on the -automatic clock register upon reporting, leaving, returning and -ending for each trip which begins and ends at the post office. The -time from the clock tapes is copied into the time book or pasted -into a suitable book and preserved, and constitutes the official -record of time. Should the clock register be out of order the -time recorded by carriers on their daily trip reports is entered -in the time book. One carrier must not register on the clock for -another. If this rule is violated both the carriers concerned will -be removed. - -The time of reporting, leaving, returning and ending for each trip -must also be recorded by the carriers on their daily trip reports; -the entries on these reports must be made at the beginning and end -of each trip, and must not be deferred until the close of the day. -When collections are made in the morning, on the carrier’s way to -the office, the first and second entries on the trip report must -be the time of opening the first box. When a carrier completes his -delivery on his route and does not return to the post office the -time recorded on his trip report for returning and ending on that -trip must be the time of his last piece of mail. - -Where carriers are unable to deliver all mail matter taken out on -the last trip of the day without making overtime, they must return -to the post office within the eight hours prescribed with the -understanding that they make a full report to the superintendent -of the station, and a full statement will also be made on the trip -report of the day. Carriers are required to deliver all mail taken -out on the earlier trips, even though such delivery necessitates -exceeding the time allowed by the schedules for such trips, unless -collections are made for an important dispatch, in which event the -latter must be met and mail remaining undelivered will be delivered -on the following trip. - -Every letter carrier must keep a route book, which should be a -complete directory of the persons served by him, and all changes -of address should be posted daily. Carriers must record daily in -their log books the disposition made of all undelivered mail. The -forwarding of mail, and notifying publishers of changes of address -is clerical work, and should not be performed by carriers. - -Carriers are not permitted to perform clerical work. Their work -must be confined to the collection and delivery of mail; the -routing of mail for delivery; the making up or “logging” of -undelivered matter; receipting for and the recording of registered -mail; posting route books; the facing of mail collected by them, -and, at offices where hand-feed canceling machines are used, -the facing of mail directly into such machines, and to duty at -carriers’ delivery windows. - -In the performance of their duties letter carriers must be civil, -prompt and obliging. Carriers must attend quietly and diligently -to their duties, and under no circumstances must they loiter or -stop to converse on their routes, and they must refrain from loud -talking, profane language, and smoking in the office or on their -routes. - -Carriers must not solicit, in person or through others, -contributions of money, gifts, or presents; issue addresses, -complimentary cards, prints, publications, or any substitute -therefor intended or calculated to induce the public to make them -gifts or presents; distribute, offer for sale, or collect the -proceeds of the sale of tickets to theatres, balls, concerts, -fairs, or any other entertainment; issue for profit souvenirs or -postal handbooks, or in any manner co-operate with or assist the -publishers of souvenirs or postal handbooks to secure the patronage -of the public; compile city directories for public use or assist -publishers to compile the same; borrow money from patrons on their -routes; or contract debts which they have no reasonable prospect of -being able to pay. - -Carriers must not engage in any business during their prescribed -hours of service, or conduct any business after hours which offers -the temptation to solicit patronage on their routes, or which, by -reason of their position in the Government service, gives them -special advantage over competitors, such as book canvassing, -soliciting insurance, selling sewing machines, or other kindred -occupations. - -Letter carriers may be reprimanded, suspended with loss of pay, -or removed from the service for infractions of the Postal Laws -and Regulations, of orders of the Department, and of orders of -postmasters not inconsistent therewith, as the nature or gravity -of the offenses may require. All reprimands and suspensions must -be reported to the First Assistant Postmaster General (Division of -Free Delivery) for approval and entry in the carriers’ efficiency -record. - - - - -CHAPTER XVI. - -DELIVERY AND COLLECTING OF MAIL BY CARRIERS. - - -The regulations as to the delivery of mail matter will apply to -the delivery of such matter by letter carriers, except where -inapplicable or as otherwise modified. - -Carriers must be careful to deliver mail to the persons for whom it -is intended, or to some one authorized to receive it. They will, -in case of doubt, make inquiry with the view of ascertaining the -owner. Failing in this, the mail will be returned to the office, -to be disposed of as the postmaster may direct. Carriers must not -deliver mail matter to patrons in the street, unless such delivery -can be made without unreasonable delay. Mail matter must not be -delivered by carriers in boxes or other receptacles which are not -occupied in whole or in part by the addressees unless expressly -ordered by the postmaster. - -Carriers must not throw mail matter into windows or halls, unless -specially instructed to do so. They must ring the bell, wait a -reasonable time for an answer, and deliver the mail to some one of -the household in the habit of receiving it. Patrons who repeatedly -fail to respond promptly to the carrier’s ring must be reported -to the postmaster. Carriers must not enter any house while on -their trips, except in the discharge of their official duties. -Mail matter must not be delivered by carriers which has not passed -through the post office or station with which they are connected. -Mail matter intrusted to carriers must not be exhibited to persons -other than those addressed, except on the order of the postmaster -or some one authorized to act for him. Letters for delivery must -not be carried by carriers in their pockets. Carriers must not -deviate from the respective routes. Carriers must not stop for -their meals while on their trips. Carriers must not throw away or -improperly dispose of mail matter, however trifling or unimportant -it may appear to them. Stamps must not be removed from mail matter -of any class whatever intrusted to carriers for delivery or -collected by them for mailing. - -Mounted carriers must dismount and deliver the mail at the doors -of residences, except in cases where the patrons on their routes -consent to respond to their call and receive the mail at the -sidewalk. Carriers are not required to deliver mail at residences -where vicious dogs are permitted to run at large. Persons keeping -such dogs must call at the post office for their mail. - -Carriers must collect and promptly return to the postmaster all -postage due on mail intrusted to them for delivery, as indicated -by the postage-due stamps attached. Such mail matter must not be -delivered until the postage due shall have been paid. - -When carriers making collections from letter boxes find that it -will be impossible on any one trip to carry to the post office the -contents of all the boxes on their routes, preference must be given -to mail matter of the first class. Newspapers and packages placed -on the tops of letter boxes should be collected when it can be -done without overloading the mail sacks and preventing the prompt -collection of mail matter properly deposited in the boxes. - -Carriers must, while on their routes, receive letters with postage -stamps affixed, handed them for mailing, but they should not delay -the deliveries by waiting for such letters. Money to pay postage -on letters handed them for mailing must not be accepted, except as -provided for in the use of the stamp-selling envelope in connection -with house-to-house delivery and collection boxes. - -Carriers should also receive other small articles of mailable -matter with postage properly prepaid, but they should refuse to -receive packages that are cumbersome on account of size, shape -or weight, especially when the carrying of such packages would -interfere with the prompt delivery of mail and the collections from -letter boxes. - -Carriers must receive and register all letters and packages of -first-class matter that are not cumbersome on account of size, -shape or weight, and properly offered them for registration, and -must give the regulation receipt therefor. Carriers must encourage -the registration of valuable first-class matter by patrons on their -routes. - -Postmasters may permit carriers to sell postage stamps or -stamped envelopes in limited quantities; but their deliveries or -collections must not be delayed in making change. - -Carriers must not return, under any circumstances, to any person, -any letter or letters, said to have been deposited in a letter box, -or which have come into the custody of the carrier in a regular -way. An applicant for the return of such mail should be directed to -the postmaster. - -After the last daily delivery carriers must return to the post -office or station with which they are connected their satchels and -all mail that can not be delivered. Carriers may be permitted to -take their satchels home with them direct from their routes when, -in the opinion of the postmaster, the interests of the service -will be promoted thereby, but undelivered mail matter remaining in -satchels must first be deposited in the nearest letter box. - - - - -CHAPTER XVII. - -SPECIAL DELIVERY MESSENGERS. - -Chance for Boys from Thirteen Years of Age to Enter Post Office -Service. - - -The Postmaster General may, in his discretion, require the -delivery of special delivery matter to be made entirely by special -messengers. In New York City, however, this is done solely by -employes in the service. At free delivery offices postmasters will, -from time to time, employ as many messengers as in their judgment -may be necessary to secure prompt delivery of special matter. None -but trustworthy boys over 13 years of age should be employed. The -force of special delivery messengers in each office should be so -arranged that a suitable number may always be on hand to secure -immediate delivery of all special delivery matter at any time -within the prescribed hour of the day. - -Each messenger, before entering upon his duties, must take the -oath prescribed by law on the blank furnished. Substitute letter -carriers, when not on duty in place of regular carriers, may -be employed as messengers in the special delivery service, and -receive the same compensation as other messengers; but such -employment must not interfere with the work of the post office or -free delivery. - -Where delivery of special delivery matter can not be promptly made -by regular special delivery messengers, postmasters may cause such -delivery to be made by any regular clerk or employe, who will -be allowed the same compensation, and be paid and give receipt -therefore in the same manner as regular messengers. - -Any person employed to make immediate delivery of letters or -other mail matter, shall be deemed an employee of the Postal -Service, whether he may have been sworn or not, or temporarily -or permanently employed, and as such employee shall be liable to -any penalties or punishments provided by law for the improper -detention, delay, secretion, rifling, embezzlement, purloining or -destruction of any letter or other article of mail matter, or the -contents thereof, intrusted to him for delivery or placed in his -custody. - -Combinations or arrangements between special delivery messengers -with a view to securing a division of the total permissible -compensation of the month are forbidden; and postmasters should, -by distribution of work and assignment of hours of duty, equalize -as far as practicable the compensation of messengers. A messenger -should not always be assigned to duty during the same periods of -each day; but changes will be made from time to time, whereby a -messenger employed during the busy hours of one day may be assigned -to the duller hours of another day. - -Orderly conduct of special delivery messengers while in the -office and on their trips is strictly enforced; and no messenger -will be retained who is not diligent and well-behaved. A special -place is provided in the post office for the accommodation of the -messengers, and it is so arranged as to prevent their access to -other parts of the office, and to mail matter other than that in -which they are immediately concerned. - -Special delivery messengers need not be uniformed, except in such -special cases as may be ordered, but they should all be decently -and comfortably clad. Substitute letter-carriers, when employed as -messengers for special delivery, may wear their carrier uniforms. - -Messengers are paid at the rate of not exceeding eight cents for -each piece delivered, or attempted to be delivered. - -Each messenger is furnished with a delivery book, in which must be -entered the number and address of each piece of matter received -for delivery, the date and hour of its receipt by the messenger, -and the amount of postage due thereon. The receipt of the person -to whom any special delivery matter is delivered must be taken in -the blank space provided for this purpose in the delivery book. -Delivery books will be kept in the post office when not in use, -and messengers must promptly return them to the office after every -tour. Whenever for any cause a book is no longer used, it will be -filed in the post office. - - - - -CHAPTER XVIII. - -THE LAW AND THE GOSPEL OF THE POSTAL SERVICE. - - -A former learned wit of the Post Office Department, cogitating -over, upon, under, and between, the multifarious and abstruse -problems submitted for adjudication, evolved the following gems of -keen, mental penetration. That: - -Feather beds are not mailable. - -A stamp of the foot is not sufficient to carry a letter. - -A pair of onions will go for two cents. - -Persons are compelled to lick their own postage stamps; the -postmaster cannot be compelled to do this. - -Nitro-glycerine must be forwarded at the risk of the sender. If -it should blow up in the postmaster’s hands he cannot be held -responsible. - -When candy is sent through the mails it is earnestly requested that -both ends of the package be left open, so that the employees of the -post office may test its quality. - -John Smith gets his mail from 674,279 post offices, hence a letter -directed to John Smith, United States, will reach him. - -Poems on “Spring, Spring, the Beautiful Spring,” and “The Beautiful -Snow, with its White Efulgent Glow,” are rigidly excluded from the -mails. (This is to catch the editorial vote). - -It is earnestly requested that lovers writing to their sweethearts -will please confine their gushing rhapsodies to the inside of the -envelope. - -Ducks cannot be sent through the mails alive. Their discordant, -vociferous greetings are apt to disturb the slumbers of the clerks. - -It is unsafe to send fruit-laden trees through the mails; clerks -are known to have a weakness for such things. - - - - -CHAPTER XIX. - -DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. - -A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of -America, in Congress Assembled. - - -When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one -people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them -with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the -separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of -nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of -mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel -them to the separation. - -We hold these truths to be self-evident--that all men are created -equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain -inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the -pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments -are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the -consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government -becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people -to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying -its foundations on such principles, and organizing its powers in -such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety -and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long -established should not be changed for light and transient causes; -and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more -disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right -themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. -But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing -invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under -absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw -off such government, and to provide new guards for their future -security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, -and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their -former systems of government. The history of the present king of -Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, -all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute -tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to -a candid world. - -1. He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and -necessary for the public good. - -2. He has forbidden his government to pass laws of immediate and -pressing importance, unless suspended in their operations till his -assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly -neglected to attend to them. - -3. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large -districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right -of representation in the Legislature--a right inestimable to them, -and formidable to tyrants only. - -4. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, -uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public -records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance -with his measures. - -5. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, -with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. - -6. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to -cause others to be elected, whereby the legislative powers, -incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for -their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to -the dangers of invasions from without, and convulsions within. - -7. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; -for that purpose obstructing the laws for the naturalization of -foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration -hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. - -8. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his -assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. - -9. He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of -their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. - -10. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither -swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. - -11. He has kept among us in times of peace, standing armies, -without the consent of our Legislatures. - -12. He has affected to render the military independent of, and -superior to, the civil power. - -13. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction -foreign to our constitutions, and unacknowledged by our laws; -giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:-- - -For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us; - -For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any -murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States; - -For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world; - -For imposing taxes on us without our consent; - -For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of a trial by -jury; - -For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences; - -For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring -province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and -enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and -fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these -colonies; - -For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, -and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our governments; - -For suspending our own Legislatures and declaring themselves -invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. - -14. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his -protection and waging war against us. - -15. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns -and destroyed the lives of our people. - -16. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign -mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, -already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely -paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the -head of a civilized nation. - -17. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the -high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the -executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves -by their hands. - -18. He has excited domestic insurrection among us, and has -endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the -merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an -undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. - -In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress -in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered -only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by -every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a -free people. - -Nor have we been wanting in our attentions to our British brethren. -We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their -Legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We -have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and -settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and -magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common -kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably -interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have -been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We -must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our -separation, and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind--enemies -in war; in peace, friends. - -We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America -in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of -the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and -by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly -publish and declare that these united colonies are, and of right -ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved -from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political -connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and -ought to be, totally dissolved, and that, as free and independent -States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract -alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things -which independent States may of right do. And for the support -of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of -Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our -fortunes, and our sacred honor. - - - - -CHAPTER XX. - -CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. - - -We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more -perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, -provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and -secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do -ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of -America. - - -Article I.--Legislative Department. - -=Section I.=--All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested -in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate -and House of Representatives. - -=Section II.=--Clause 1. The House of Representatives shall be -composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the -several States, and the electors in each State shall have the -qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch -of the State Legislature. - -Clause 2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have -attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a -citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be -an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. - -Clause 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned -among the several States which may be included within this Union, -according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined -by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those -bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not -taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration -shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the -Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of -ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number -of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, -but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until -such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall -be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island -and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; -New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland, -six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and -Georgia, three. - -Clause 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any -State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of -election to fill such vacancies. - -Clause 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker -and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. - -=Section III.=--Clause 1. The Senate of the United States shall be -composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature -thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. - -Clause 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence -of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may -be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first -class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of -the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year; and of -the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that -one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen -by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature -of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments -until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill -such vacancies. - -Clause 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained -to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the -United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of -that State for which he shall be chosen. - -Clause 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be -president of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be -equally divided. - -Clause 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers and also a -President “pro tempore,” in the absence of the Vice-President, or -when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. - -Clause 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all -impeachments: when sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath -or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, -the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted -without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. - -Clause 7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further -than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy -any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but -the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to -indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. - -=Section IV.=--Clause 1. The times, places and manner of holding -elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in -each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any -time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the -places of choosing Senators. - -Clause 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, -and such, meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless -they shall by law appoint a different day. - -=Section V.=--Clause 1. Each house shall be the judge of the -elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a -majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a -smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized -to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and -under such penalties, as each house may provide. - -Clause 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, -punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the -concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. - -Clause 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and -from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may -in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the -members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of -one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. - -Clause 4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, -without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, -nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be -sitting. - -=Section VI.=--Clause 1. The Senators and Representatives shall -receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by -law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall -in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be -privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of -their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the -same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not -be questioned in any other place. - -Clause 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for -which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the -authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or -the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; -and no person holding any office under the United States shall be -a member of either house during his continuance in office. - -=Section VII.=--Clause 1. All bills for raising revenue shall -originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may -propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. - -Clause 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of -Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be -presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he -shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, -to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall -enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to -reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that -house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with -the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise -be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it -shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses -shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons -voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of -each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the -President within ten days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have -been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner -as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment -prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. - -Clause 3. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence -of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except -on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President -of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall -be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed -by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according -to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. - -=Section VIII.=--Clause 1. The Congress shall have power to lay -and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts -and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the -United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform -throughout the United States; - -Clause 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States; - -Clause 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the -several States, and with the Indian tribes; - -Clause 4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and -uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United -States; - -Clause 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign -coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; - -Clause 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the -securities and current coin of the United States; - -Clause 7. To establish post offices and post roads; - -Clause 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by -securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive -right to their respective writings and discoveries; - -Clause 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; - -Clause 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on -the high seas, and offences against the law of nations; - -Clause 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, -and make rules concerning captures on land and water; - -Clause 12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of -money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; - -Clause 13. To provide and maintain a navy; - -Clause 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the -land and naval forces; - -Clause 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the -laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; - -Clause 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the -militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed -in the service of the United States, reserving to the States -respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority -of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by -Congress; - -Clause 17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases -whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) -as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of -Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, -and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the -consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall -be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and -other needful buildings;--And - -Clause 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for -carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers -vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, -or in any department or officer thereof. - -=Section IX.=--Clause 1. The migration or importation of such -persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to -admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year -one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be -imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each -person. - -Clause 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be -suspended, unless in cases of rebellion or invasion the public -safety may require it. - -Clause 3. No bill of attainder or ex-post-facto law shall be passed. - -Clause 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless -in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed -to be taken. - -Clause 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from -any State. - -Clause 6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of -commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of -another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged -to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. - -Clause 7. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in -consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement -and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money -shall be published from time to time. - -Clause 8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United -States; And no person holding any office of profit or trust under -them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any -present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from -any king, prince or foreign state. - -=Section X.=--Clause 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, -alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; -coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and -silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of -attainder, ex-post-facto law, or law impairing the obligation of -contracts, or grant any title of nobility. - -Clause 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay -any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be -absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the -net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports -or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United -States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and -control of the Congress. - -Clause 3. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay -any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war, in time of peace, -enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a -foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in -such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. - - -Article II.--Executive Department. - -=Section I.=--Clause 1. The executive power shall be vested in -a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his -office during the term of four years, and, together with the -Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: - -Clause 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the -Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the -whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may -be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or -person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States -shall be appointed an Elector. - -[Clause 3. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, -and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall -not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they -shall make a list of all of the persons voted for, and of the -number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, -and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United -States, directed to the president of the Senate. The president -of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of -Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall -then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes -shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole -number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one, who -have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the -House of Representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one -of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then, from -the five highest on the list, the said House shall, in like manner, -choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes -shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having -one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or -members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the -States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the -choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of -votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there -should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall -choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-President.] - -The foregoing Clause is obsolete. It was repealed in 1804. It is -quoted here merely for reference. Article XII. of the Amendments -replaces it in the Constitution, and is here inserted instead of -the original Clause. - -Amendment, Article XII.--The Electors shall meet in their -respective States, and vote by ballot for President and -Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant -of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots -the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the -person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct -lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons -voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, -which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to -the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the -president of the Senate;--the president of the Senate shall, in -the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open -all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted;--the -person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall -be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole -number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, -then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding -three on the list of those voted for as President, the House -of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the -President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken -by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a -quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from -two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall -be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives -shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall -devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, -then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of -the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The -person having the greatest number of votes as President, shall -be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole -number of Electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, -then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall -choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist -of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of -the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person -constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be -eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. - -Clause 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the -Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which -day shall be the same throughout the United States. - -Clause 5. No person except a natural-born citizen, [or a citizen -of the United States at the time of the adoption of this -Constitution,] shall be eligible to the office of President; -neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not -have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years -resident within the United States. - -The matter enclosed in brackets is obsolete. - -Clause 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, -or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the -powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on -the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the -case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the -President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then -act as President; and such officer shall act accordingly until the -disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. - -Clause 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his -services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor -diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, -and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument -from the United States, or any of them. - -Clause 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall -take the following oath or affirmation:--“I do solemnly swear (or -affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of -the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, -protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.” - -=Section II.=--Clause 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief -of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of -the several States, when called into the actual service of the -United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the -principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any -subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and -he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences -against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. - -Clause 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent -of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the -Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with -the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint ambassadors, -other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, -and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are -not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established -by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such -inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in -the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. - -Clause 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies -that may happen during the recess of the Senate by granting -commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. - -=Section III.=--He shall from time to time give to the Congress -information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their -consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and -expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, -or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with -respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such -time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and -other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be -faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the -United States. - -=Section IV.=--The President, Vice-President, and all civil -officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on -impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high -crimes and misdemeanors. - - -Article III.--Judicial Department. - -=Section I.=--The judicial power of the United States shall be -vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the -Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, -both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices -during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their -services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their -continuance in office: - -=Section II.=--Clause 1. The judicial power shall extend to all -cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the -laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be -made, under their authority;--to all cases affecting ambassadors, -other public ministers, and consuls;--to all cases of admiralty -and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to which the United -States shall be a party;--to controversies between two or more -States, to controversies between a State and citizens of another -State;--between citizens of different States;--between citizens of -the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, -and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, -citizens, or subjects. - -Clause 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public -ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a -party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In -all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall -have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such -exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. - -Clause 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, -shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where -the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed -within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the -Congress may by law have directed. - -=Section III.=--Clause 1. Treason against the United States shall -consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their -enemies, giving them aid and comfort. - -Clause 2. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the -testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession -in open court. - -Clause 3. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment -of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption -of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person -attainted. - - -Article IV.--General Provisions. - -=Section I.=--Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to -the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other -State; and the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner -in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and -the effect thereof. - -=Section II.=--Clause 1. The citizens of each State shall be -entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the -several States. - -Clause 2. A person charged by any State with treason, felony, or -other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another -State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State -from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State -having jurisdiction of the crime. - -Clause 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under -the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of -any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or -labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such -service or labor may be due. - -N. B.--Clause 3 is obsolete. - -=Section III.=--Clause 1. New States may be admitted by the -Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or -erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State -be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of -States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States -concerned as well as of the Congress. - -Clause 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make -all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or -other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this -Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of -the United States, or of any particular State. - -=Section IV.=--The United States shall guarantee to every State in -this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each -of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or -of the executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against -domestic violence. - - -Article V.--Power of Amendment. - -The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it -necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on -the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several -States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, -in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as -part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures -of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in -three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification -may be proposed, by the Congress; provided that no amendment which -may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight -shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the -ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its -consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. - - -Article VI.--Miscellaneous Provisions. - -Clause 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, -before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid as -against the United States under this Constitution, as under the -Confederation. - -Clause 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States -which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, -or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, -shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State -shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any -State to the contrary notwithstanding. - -Clause 3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and -the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive -and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the -several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support -this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required -as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United -States. - - -Article VII.--Ratification of the Constitution. - -The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be -sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the -States so ratifying the same. - -Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, -the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one -thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of -the United States of America the twelfth. - - - - -CHAPTER XXI. - -AMENDMENTS - -To the Constitution of the United States, Ratified According to the -Provisions of the Fifth Article of the Foregoing Constitution. - - -Article I.--Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment -of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging -the freedom of the speech, or of the press; or the right of the -people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for -redress of grievances. - -Article II.--A well regulated militia, being necessary to the -security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear -arms shall not be infringed. - -Article III.--No soldiers shall, in time of peace, be quartered in -any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, -but in a manner to be prescribed by law. - -Article IV.--The right of the people to be secure in their persons, -houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and -seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, -but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and -particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons -or things to be seized. - -Article V.--No person shall be held to answer for a capital or -otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of -a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, -or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war and public -danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to -be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled -in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor to be -deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; -nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just -compensation. - -Article VI.--In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy -the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the -State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, -which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, -and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to -be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory -process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the -assistance of counsel for his defence. - -Article VII.--In suits at common law, where the value in -controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by -jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be -otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than -according to the rules of the common law. - -Article VIII.--Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive -fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. - -Article IX.--The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, -shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the -people. - -Article X.--The powers not delegated to the United States by the -Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to -the States respectively, or to the people. - -Article XI.--The judicial power of the United States shall not be -construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or -prosecute against one of the United States by citizens of another -State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. - -Article XII.--See page 176. - -Article XIII.--Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary -servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the person -shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United -States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. - -Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by -appropriate legislation. - -Article XIV.--Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the -United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are -citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. -No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the -privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor -shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, -without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its -jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. - -Section 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several -States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole -number of persons in each State excluding Indians not taxed. -But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of -Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, -Representatives in Congress, the executive or judicial officers of -a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to -any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years -of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged -except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of -representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the -number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male -citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. - -Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in -Congress, or Elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any -office, civil or military, under the United States, or under -any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of -Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of -any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of -any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall -have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or -given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by -a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. - -Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, -authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions -and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, -shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any -State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of -insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim -for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, -obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. - -Section 5. Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate -legislation, the provisions of this article. - -Article XV.--Section 1. The rights of citizens of the United -States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United -States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous -condition of servitude. - -Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by -appropriate legislation. - - - - -CHAPTER XXII. - -STATIONS of the POST OFFICE, NEW YORK, N. Y. - -CARRIER STATIONS. - - - =Designation= =Location=. - - =A=--126 Greene street, corner Prince street. - - =B=--Grand street, southeast corner Attorney street. - - =C=--West 13th street and Ninth avenue. - - =D=--103-105 East 12th street. - - =E=--110-114 West 32d street, near Sixth avenue. - - =F=--149-155 East 34th street, between Lexington and Third avenues. - - =G=--217-225 West 51st street, near Broadway. - - =H=--178-180 West 102d street, near Amsterdam avenue. - - =I=--232-234 West 116th street, between Seventh and Eighth avenues. - - =J=--2309-2311 Eighth avenue, corner 124th street. - - *=K=--202-204 East 88th street, near Third avenue. - - *=L=--147 East 125th street, corner Lexington avenue. - - =M=--2088 Amsterdam avenue, near 163d street. - - =N=--Broadway, corner 69th street. - - =O=--112-114-116 West 18th street, between Sixth and Seventh - avenues. - - =P=--Custom House Building - - *=R=--378-380 East 149th street, between Third and Cortland avenues. - - =S=--Broadway, corner Howard street. - - =T=--507-509 East 165th street, between Third and Washington - avenues. - - *=U=--Third avenue, corner 103d street. - - =V=--Northwest corner of West Broadway and Beach street. - - *=W=--160-162 West 83d street, near Amsterdam avenue. - - =X=--373-375 East 138th street, near Willis avenue. - - *=Y=--1160-1162 Third avenue, near 68th street. - - =City Island=--Southwest corner Main and Adams streets. - - =College=--305-307 West 140th street, near Eighth avenue. - - =Fordham=--2519 Webster avenue, near Fordham road. - - =Foreign=--West street, corner Morton street. - - =Fox Street=--Fox street, between 167th and 169th streets. - - *=Grand Central Station=--110 East 45th street, between Lexington - avenue and Depew place. - - =Hamilton Grange=--521-523 West 146th street. - - =High Bridge=--Lind street and Summit avenue. - - =Hudson Terminal=--Cortland Building, 30 Church street, between - Cortlandt and Dey streets. - - =Jay Street=--Jay and Greenwich streets (not a carrier station). - - =Kings Bridge=--5233 Broadway, between 225th and 227th streets. - - =Madison Square=--310-316 Fourth avenue, between 23d and 24th - streets. - - =Morris Heights=--West 177th street, near Cedar avenue. - - =Pelham Branch.= - - =Pelham Manor Branch.= - - *=Times Square=--231-241 West 39th street. - - =Tompkins Square=--12th street and Avenue B. - - =Tremont=--1931 Washington avenue, between 177th and 178th streets. - - =Wall Street=--60 Wall street. - - =Washington Bridge=--Amsterdam avenue, near 180th street. - - =Westchester=--1471 Williamsbridge road, near Eastchester road. - - =Williamsbridge=--3455 White Plains avenue, near Gun Hill road. - - * Postal Savings Depository. - - -Brooklyn. - - =Station= =Location= - - =A=--661 Broadway. - - =B=--1266-1268 Fulton street. - - =C=--5316-5318 Fifth avenue. - - =D=--1915-1917 Fulton street. - - =E=--2634 Atlantic avenue. - - =Flatbush=--830 Flatbush avenue. - - =G=--860 Manhattan avenue. - - =Bath Beach=--1848 Bath avenue, near 19th street. - - =J=--Myrtle avenue, near Wyckoff avenue. - - =Blythebourne=--13th avenue and 55th street. - - =L=--Flatbush avenue, L. I. R. R. Depot. - - =Coney Island=--Surf avenue, opp. West 17th street. - - =Fort Hamilton=--9110 Fifth avenue. - - =Sheepshead Bay=--1780 Shore Road. - - =P=--1731 Pitkin avenue. - - =Vanderveer=--Flatbush avenue, near Nostrand avenue. - - =S=--1262-1264 Broadway. - - =T=--170-172 Hamilton avenue. - - =V=--Fifth avenue and 9th street. - - =Y=--S. W. cor., 47th street and Gravesend avenue. - - =W=--Broadway and South 8th street. - - =Barren Island=--Barren Island. - - =Navy Yard=--Navy Yard. - - - - -INDEX - - - ADDRESSES-- Page - Reading of 50 - - APPLICATIONS-- - Questions to be Filled Out In 30 - Where and How to Obtain 20 - - APPOINTMENTS AND SALARIES 15 - - ARITHMETIC 46, 54, 60, 69 - - BONDED-- - Clerks and Carriers are 14, 132 - - BROOKLYN-- - Carrier Stations In 196 - - CANDIDATES-- - What is Required of Them 11 - - CAPITAL LETTERS-- - Use of 84 - - CARRIERS-- - Delivery and Collection of Mail by 145 - Hours of Service 140 - Moral Responsibility of 18 - Performance of Service of 138 - Rules for 129 - “Stars” for 137 - “Subbing” of 139 - Uniform of 133 - - CRADLE DAYS OF THE P. O. SERVICE 5 - - CLERKS-- - Promotion of 15, 24 - Bonded 14 - Resignation of 17 - “Subs” 18 - - COMPETITORS-- - How Judged 86 - - CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. 163 - Amendments to 187 - - COPYING-- - From Plain Copy 49 - - DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 156 - - DECIMALS-- - Operation of 54 - - DISTRICT REGULATIONS 95 - - EDUCATIONAL TEST 43 - - EXAMINATIONS-- - In Far East 126 - Problems, In Earlier 47 - Subjects of 44 - - ELIGIBLE REGISTER 88 - - FRANKLIN-- - First Postmaster General 8 - - FINES FOR VIOLATING RULES 17 - - INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF 156 - - INSTRUCTION-- - Courses of 52 - - LABOR-- - Hours of 16 - - LAW AND GOSPEL OF P. O. SERVICE 154 - - LETTER WRITING 48 - - MEDICAL CERTIFICATES 39 - - MESSENGER-- - Special Delivery 150 - - MORGAN, EDWARD M. (Frontispiece) 6 - - NEW YORK-- - Carrier Stations In 193 - - NEW YORK’S POST OFFICE-- - First Post Office 7 - History of 6 - State Offices In 25 - - PENMANSHIP 49 - - POSTAL SERVICE-- - History of N. Y. 7 - Law and Gospel of 154 - - PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 12 - - PROMOTION-- - For Good Clerks 14, 24 - - PUNCTUATION-- - Rules of 80 - - QUESTIONS-- - Earlier Examination 43, 47 - To be Filled Out in Application 30 - - RATING-- - Rules for 90 - - REINSTATEMENT 17, 130 - - REGULATIONS, DISTRICT 95 - - RESIGNATIONS 132 - - RULES-- - Violations of 17 - For Letter Carriers 129 - - SALARIES AND APPOINTMENTS 15 - - “STARS” FOR CARRIERS 137 - - SERVICE-- - Performance of 138 - - SPELLING 45 - - SPECIAL DELIVERY MESSENGERS 150 - - “SUBS” 18, 139 - - TRANSFERS 24, 131 - - UNIFORM OF LETTER CARRIERS 133 - - VACANCIES 130 - - VOUCHERS 36 - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained, for example, - subserved; employe; inclosed; efulgent; sufferable; repassed. - - Pg 7: ‘inhabitants. The’ replaced by ‘inhabitants, the’. - Pg 8: ‘the recipts for’ replaced by ‘the receipts for’. - Pg 27: ‘Port Plain’ replaced by ‘Fort Plain’. - Pg 30: ‘sworn statments’ replaced by ‘sworn statements’. - Pg 32: ‘different braches’ replaced by ‘different branches’. - Pg 40: ‘any deformiy’ replaced by ‘any deformity’. - Pg 49: ‘by legability’ replaced by ‘by legibility’. - Pg 50: ‘action therupon’ replaced by ‘action thereupon’. - Pg 63: ‘Generally MXm = p’ replaced by ‘Generally M × m = p’. - Pg 64: ‘7 + 7 = 49’ replaced by ‘7 × 7 = 49’. - Pg 66: ‘divisable by 8’ replaced by ‘divisible by 8’. - Pg 79: ‘tens collumn’ replaced by ‘tens column’. - Pg 92: ‘letter writting’ replaced by ‘letter writing’. - Pg 98: ‘Bennnigton, Vt.’ replaced by ‘Bennington, Vt.’. - Pg 101: Two lines were transposed. The line ‘kers, N. Y.’ has been - moved to the correct place. - Pg 109: ‘followng offices’ replaced by ‘following offices’. - Pg 109: ‘Meridan, Miss.’ replaced by ‘Meridian, Miss.’. - Pg 118: ‘Witchita, Kans.’ replaced by ‘Wichita, Kans.’. - Pg 145: ‘adressees unless’ replaced by ‘addressees unless’. - Pg 146: ‘at the sidwalk’ replaced by ‘at the sidewalk’. - Pg 151: ‘total permissable’ replaced by ‘total permissible’. - Pg 154: ‘abstruce problems’ replaced by ‘abstruse problems’. - Pg 160: ‘death, desolution’ replaced by ‘death, desolation’. - Pg 164: ‘Deleware, one’ replaced by ‘Delaware, one’. - Pg 177: ‘But person’ replaced by ‘But no person’. - Pg 195: ‘5233 Boardway’ replaced by ‘5233 Broadway’. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Postal Service (Fifth Edition), by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POSTAL SERVICE (FIFTH EDITION) *** - -***** This file should be named 60597-0.txt or 60597-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/5/9/60597/ - -Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, John Campbell and The -Philatelic Digital Library Project -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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