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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2fae97 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60410 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60410) diff --git a/old/60410-0.txt b/old/60410-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d8cbaeb..0000000 --- a/old/60410-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3211 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For Children, by -Mary L. Williamson - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For Children - -Author: Mary L. Williamson - -Release Date: October 3, 2019 [EBook #60410] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEN. ROBERT E. LEE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - [Illustration: UNVEILING OF LEE MONUMENT - At Richmond, Va., Friday, May 29, 1890.] - - - - - THE LIFE - OF - Gen. Robert E. Lee, - FOR CHILDREN, - In Easy Words. - - - ILLUSTRATED. - - MRS. MARY L. WILLIAMSON. - - Harrisonburg, Virginia - SPRINKLE PUBLICATIONS - 1989 - - Copyright, 1895, - BY - Mrs. MARY L. WILLIAMSON. - - Sprinkle Publications - P. O. Box 1094 - Harrisonburg, Va. 22801 - - - - - PREFACE. - - -In preparing the “Life of Lee for Children,” for use in the Public -Schools, I beg leave to place before teachers good reasons for employing -it as a supplementary reader. - -First, I urge the need of interesting our children in history at an -early age. From observation I find that the minds of children who study -history early expand more rapidly than those who are restricted to the -limits of stories in readers. While teaching pupils to read, why not fix -in their minds the names and deeds of our great men, thereby laying the -foundation of historical knowledge and instilling true patriotism into -their youthful souls? - -Secondly, in looking over the lives of our American heroes we find not -one which presents such a picture of moral grandeur as that of Lee. -Place this picture before the little ones and you cannot fail to make -them look upward to noble ideals. - -This little book is intended as auxiliary to third readers. I have used -the diacritical marks of Webster, also his syllabication. In compiling -this work I referred chiefly to Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s “Life of Lee,” and -Rev. J. William Jones’ “Personal Reminiscences of R. E. Lee.” - Mary L. Williamson. - - New Market, Va., - September 28, 1898. - - - - - The Sword of Robert Lee. - - - Words by Moina. Music by Armand. - - Forth from its scabbard, pure and bright, - Flashed the sword of Lee! - Far in the front of the deadly fight, - High o’er the brave, in the cause of right, - Its stainless sheen, like a beacon light, - Led us to victory. - - Out of its scabbard, where full long - It slumbered peacefully— - Roused from its rest by the battle-song, - Shielding the feeble, smiting the strong, - Guarding the right, and avenging the wrong— - Gleamed the sword of Lee! - - Forth from its scabbard, high in air, - Beneath Virginia’s sky, - And they who saw it gleaming there, - And knew who bore it, knelt to swear - That where that sword led they would dare - To follow and to die. - - Out of its scabbard! Never hand - Waved sword from stain as free, - Nor purer sword led braver band, - Nor braver bled for a brighter land, - Nor brighter land had a cause as grand, - Nor cause a chief like Lee! - - Forth from its scabbard! All in vain! - Forth flashed the sword of Lee! - ’Tis shrouded now in its sheath again, - It sleeps the sleep of our noble slain, - Defeated, yet without a stain, - Proudly and peacefully. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - Chapter Page - I. Birth and Youth. 9 - II. A Young Engineer. 18 - III. A Cavalry Officer. 28 - IV. A Confederate General. 45 - V. A Confederate General. (Continued.) 62 - VI. A College President. 99 - VII. A People’s Hero. 151 - GENERAL R. E. LEE’S Farewell Address to His Soldiers. 169 - - - - - The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee. - - - - - CHAPTER I. - Birth and Youth. - - -Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford, Westmoreland county, Virginia, -on the 19th of January, 1807. - -His father, General Henry Lee, had been a great chief in Washington’s -army. They sometimes call him “Light-Horse Harry Lee.” While with -Washington, he was ever in front of the foe, and his troopers were what -they always should be—the eyes and ears of the army. - -After the war he was Governor of Virginia, and then a member of -Congress. It was he who said in a speech made before Congress after the -death of Washington, that he was “First in war, first in peace, and -first in the hearts of his countrymen.” He also said, “Virginia is my -country; her will I obey, however sad the fate to which it may subject -me.” - -The long line of Lees may be traced back to Launcelot Lee, of Loudon, in -France, who went with William the Conqueror upon his expedition to -England; and when Harold had been slain upon the bloody field of -Hastings, Launcelot was given by William the Conqueror an estate in -Essex. From that time the name of Lee is ever an honorable one in the -history of England. - -In the time of the first Charles, Richard Lee came to the New World and -found a home in Virginia. He was a man of good stature, sound sense, and -kind heart. From him the noble stock of Virginia Lees began. He was the -great-great-grandfather of Robert, who was much like him in many ways. - -Robert’s mother was Anne Hill Carter, who came from one of the best -families of Virginia. She was a good and noble woman, who lived only to -train her children in the right way. - - [Illustration: STRATFORD.] - -Stratford, the house in which Robert was born, is a fine old mansion, -built in the shape of the letter H, and stands not far from the banks of -the Potomac River and near the birthplace of Washington. Upon the roof -were summer houses, where the band played, while the young folks walked -in the grounds below, and enjoyed the cool air from the river and the -sweet music of the band. - -He had two brothers and two sisters. His brothers were named Charles -Carter and Sidney Smith, and his sisters Anne and Mildred. - -When Robert was but four years of age his father moved to Alexandria, a -city not very far from the Stratford House, where he could send his boys -to better schools. But he was not able to stay with them and bring them -up to manhood. Shortly after he had moved to Alexandria, he was hurt in -Baltimore by a mob of bad men, and he was never well again. - -When Robert was six years old, his father went to the West Indies for -his health. While there he wrote kind letters to his son, Charles Carter -Lee, and spoke with much love of all. Once he said, “Tell me of Anne. -Has she grown tall? Robert was always good.” He wished to know, also, if -his sons rode and shot well, saying that a Virginian’s sons should be -taught to ride, shoot, and tell the truth. - -When he had been there five years, and only grew worse, he made up his -mind to return home. But he grew so ill that he was put ashore on -Cumberland Island at the home of a friend. He soon gave up all hope of -life. At times his pain was so great that he would drive his servants -and every one else out of the room. At length an old woman, who had been -Mrs. Greene’s best maid, was sent to nurse him. The first thing General -Lee did when she came into the room was to hurl his boot at her head. -Without a word, she picked up the boot and threw it back at him. A smile -passed over the old chief’s face as he saw how brave she was, and from -that time to the day of his death none but Mom Sarah could wait on him. -Two months after the sick soldier landed he was dead. His body was laid -to rest amid the cedars and flowers of the South, and it has never been -moved to Virginia. - - [Illustration: MOM SARAH.] - -At this time Robert was only eleven years old. If he was a good boy, it -was his mother who kept him so, for he never knew a father’s care. His -mother once said to a friend, “How can I spare Robert! He is both a son -and a daughter to me.” - -About that time the girls and other boys were away from home, and she -had no one but Robert to care for her. He took the keys and “kept house” -for her when she was sick, and also saw to all of her outdoor work. He -would run home from school to ride out with her, so that she might enjoy -the fresh air and sunshine. When she would complain of the cold or -draughts, he would pull out a great jackknife and stuff the cracks with -paper, for the coach was an old one. - -So he grew up by her side, a good and noble boy. At first he went to -school to a Mr. Leary, who was ever his firm friend. Then he went to the -school of Mr. Benjamin H. Hallowell, who always spoke of him as a fine -young man. - -Robert was fond of hunting, and would sometimes follow the hounds all -day. In this way he gained that great strength which was never known to -fail him in after life. - -The old home, in Alexandria, where his mother had lived, was always a -sacred place to him. Years after, one of his friends saw him looking -sadly over the fence of the garden where he used to play. “I am -looking,” he said, “to see if the old snow-ball trees are still here. I -should be sorry to miss them.” - -When he was eighteen years old, he went to West Point to learn to be a -soldier. He was there four years, and in that time never got a bad mark -or demerit. His clothes always looked neat and clean, and his gun -bright. In short, he kept the rules of the school and studied so well -that he came out second in his class. - -When he came home from West Point, he found his mother’s old coachman, -Nat, very ill. He took him at once to the South and nursed him with -great care. But the spring-time saw the good old slave laid in the grave -by the hand of his kind young master. - - [Illustration: UNCLE NAT.] - -Not very long after, his dear mother grew quite ill. He sat by her -bedside day and night, and gave her all her food and medicine with his -own hand. But his great care and love could not save her. He was soon -bereft of her to whom he used to say he “owed everything.” - -Some one has said, “Much has been written of what the world owes to -‘Mary, the mother of Washington’; but it owes scarcely less to ‘Anne, -the mother of Lee.’” - - - Gĕn′-er-al, the head of an army. - Ex′-pe-dĭ′-tion, a voyage; a trip, with an aim in view. - Stăt′-ūre, height. - Dråughts (dråfts), currents of air. - - Tell what you remember about— - Robert’s father. - Robert’s mother. - The situation of his home. - Robert’s kindness to his mother. - His life at West Point. - - [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] - - - - - CHAPTER II. - A Young Engineer. - - -In 1829, when twenty-two years old, Robert entered the Engineer Corps of -the United States, and thus became Lieutenant Lee. - -It is the duty of these engineers in time of peace, to plan forts, to -change the course of rivers which make sand-banks at wrong places, and -to do other work of the same kind. Lieutenant Lee was sent at once to -Hampton Roads, in Virginia, to build strong works, not dreaming that in -after years it would be his fate to try to pull them down. - - [Illustration: ROBERT E. LEE, - Lieut. of Engineers.] - -Lieutenant Lee was married on the 30th of June, 1831, to Mary Custis, -who was the great-granddaughter of Mrs. Washington, and the only child -of George Parke Custis, the adopted son of Washington. She lived at a -fine old place on the Virginia bank of the Potomac River, called -Arlington. At this time Lieutenant Lee was very handsome in face and -tall and erect in figure. - -Two years after his marriage he was sent to the city of Washington. This -change was pleasant to him, for he was then near the home of his wife. - - [Illustration: ARLINGTON.] - -In 1837 he was sent to St. Louis to find means to keep the great -Mississippi River in its own bed. It was a hard task, but he at last -forced the mighty river into the channel he wished. While at work, some -men, who did not know what great things he could do, tried to drive his -workmen away, and even brought up cannon. Lee did not mind them, but -went on with his work, and soon had the great river to flow in the right -place. - -From St. Louis he was sent to New York to plan and build new forts to -protect that great city. He was now a captain of engineers, and was soon -to try the horrors of war. - -In 1846, a war broke out between the United States and Mexico. -“Engineers are of as much use to an army as sails to ships.” They have -to make roads and bridges, to plant big guns and draw maps, and guide -the men when going to fight. - -At first, Captain Lee was sent to join General Wool, in the north of -Mexico. Not long before the battle of Buena Vista (Bwā′-nä-vees-tä), -General Wool sent Lee to see where Santa Anna, the general of the -Mexicans, had placed his army. News had come that he was not far off. - - [Illustration: MEXICO.] - -Lee rode, with only one man to guide him, into the mountains. After he -had been riding for some hours, he saw on a hill-side the smoke of -fires, and objects which he thought were tents. He went on, in a very -cautious way, till he had gotten quite near. Then, he saw the white -objects were only flocks of sheep and herds of cattle and mules on the -way to market. He found out from the men driving them that Santa Anna -had not crossed the mountains, and then went back to his friends, who -thought that they would never see him again. - -Though he had ridden forty miles that night, he rested but three hours -before taking a troop of horsemen and going far into the mountains to -find out just where Santa Anna had gone with his army. - -Soon after this brave deed, Captain Lee was sent to join General Scott -in the south of Mexico. He was put to work at Vera Cruz (Vā-rä-krōōs), a -large town on the coast. There was a high wall, with strong forts around -Vera Cruz. General Scott wished to take this city from the Mexicans. So -Captain Lee had to plant big guns and build forts; and to do this he -worked night and day. - -As they were short of men, he was told to take some sailors from a -man-of-war to help with the work. These men began to complain loudly. -“They did not enlist to dig dirt, and they did not want to work under a -landlubber anyhow.” Their captain said to Lee, “The boys don’t want any -dirt to hide behind; they want to get on the _top_, where they can have -a fair fight.” Lee quietly showed his orders, and told the old “salt” he -meant to carry them out, and pushed on the work ’mid curses both loud -and deep. - -Just as the work was done, the Mexicans began to fire their guns at that -point, and these brave sons of the sea were glad enough to hide behind -the “bank of dirt.” Not long after, their captain met Captain Lee and -said, “I suppose the dirt did save some of my boys. But I knew that we -would have no use for dirt-banks on shipboard, that there what we want -is a clear deck and an open sea. And the fact is, Captain, I don’t like -this land fighting anyway; _it ain’t clean_.” - -Vera Cruz was taken by General Scott in two weeks’ time. Then the men -went on over hills and vales, till they came to the strong fort on Cerro -Gordo. Captain Lee then found a way to lead the Americans to the rear of -the Mexicans, who soon broke and fled. - -While this battle was raging, Captain Lee heard the cries of a little -girl, and found by the side of a hut a Mexican drummer boy. His arm had -been badly hurt and a large Mexican, who had been shot, had fallen on -him. Captain Lee stopped, had the big Mexican thrown off of the boy, and -the little fellow moved to a place of safety. - -His little sister stood by. Her large black eyes were streaming with -tears, her hands were crossed upon her breast, and her hair in one long -plait reached to her waist. Her feet and arms were bare. She was very -thankful to Captain Lee for saving her brother. - - [Illustration: CAPTAIN LEE RESCUING DRUMMER BOY.] - -In a letter to his son from this place, he says: “I thought of you, my -dear Custis, on the 18th in the battle, and wondered, when the musket -balls and grape were whistling over my head, where I could put you, if -with me, to be safe. I was truly thankful you were at school, I hope, -learning to be good and wise. You have no idea what a horrible sight a -battle-field is.” - -From Cerro Gordo, they went on fighting battles until they came to the -large and rich city of Mexico. - -On this march, Captain Lee was always at the front to guide the men. -Once, when one part of General Scott’s army had lost its way, General -Scott sent _seven_ engineers to guide it into the right road. They had -to cross a huge, rough bed of lava and rock. _Six_ of them went back to -camp, saying that they could not get across; but, Captain Lee pressed on -in the dark, alone and on foot, and brought the men out in safety. -General Scott once said that it was the greatest feat done by any _one -man_ during the war. - -There were many battles fought, but at last the city of Mexico was taken -by General Scott. In after years, this great man was heard to say that -his great success in Mexico was largely due to the skill and valor of -Robert E. Lee, and that he was the _best soldier_ that he ever saw in -the field. - -In the midst of all this fighting, his boys were ever in his thoughts. -This is a part of what he wrote to his son Custis on Christmas-Eve, -1846: - -“I hope good Santa Claus will fill my Rob’s stocking to-night; that -Mildred’s, Agnes’s, and Anna’s may break down with good things. I do not -know what he may have for you and Mary, but if he leaves you one-half of -what I wish, you will want for nothing. I think if I had one of you on -each side of me, riding on ponies, I would be quite happy.” - -Not long after, he wrote to his boys thus: - -“The ponies here cost from ten to fifty dollars. I have three horses, -but _Creole_ is my pet. She is a golden dun color, and takes me over all -the ditches I have yet met with.” - -When the war was at last ended, in 1848, Captain Lee went home for a -short rest, after which he was sent to West Point, as the Superintendent -of the Academy from whose walls he had gone forth twenty-three years -before. His duty was to watch over the studies and training of the boys -who would one day be officers in the army. - - - Corps (kōre), a body of troops. - Of′ficer, one who has charge of soldiers. - Lävå, melted matter flowing from a volcano. - Fēat, a great deed. - Lieuten′ant (lutĕn′ant), an officer next below a captain. - - Tell me— - When Robert became Lieutenant Lee. - Whom he married. - Where he was sent in 1837. - What war broke out in 1846. - About a great feat performed by Captain Lee. - Where he was sent in 1848. - - - - - CHAPTER III. - A Cavalry Officer. - - -After being three years at West Point, Captain Lee was sent to Texas as -Lieutenant-Colonel (kûrnel) of the Second Regiment of Cavalry. -Cavalrymen are soldiers who fight on horseback and who carry sabers, and -pistols, and short guns, called carbines. - -Colonel Lee did not wish to leave the Engineer Corps, as he had become -very fond of the work, and had won a high rank in it; but, as he had -been promoted to a higher place, he thought it best to take it. When at -West Point, he had been a fine horseman. He was still fond of horses and -liked to see them fed and well taken care of. Though now forty-six years -of age, he still had a firm seat in the saddle and rode well. His -regiment was sent to the new State of Texas, where his duty was to watch -the Indians and keep them from killing the whites. - - [Illustration: LEE CHASING THE INDIANS.] - -I have no doubt that Colonel Lee enjoyed riding over the vast plains of -Texas, but life in the forts was not very pleasant to such a man as Lee. -The forts were in the midst of dreary plains, and there were only a few -men at each post. The scouting parties were led by lieutenants, and the -higher officers would remain at the forts to see that all went right. -Such a lonely life did not suit our hero, but he made the best of it. - -Near his first post, Camp Cooper, was an Indian Reserve, where the -Indians would come to be fed by the Government. When it was cold and -food was scarce, they would come in; but when the grass grew in the -spring and the game was fat, they would go off and become wild and -savage enough to kill those who had been kind to them. - -Catumseh, a Comanche chief, was at the Reserve when Lee was at Camp -Cooper. Lee thought it would be better to visit him and tell him that he -would trust him as a friend so long as he behaved; but if he did not -behave he would take him for a foe. Catumseh was not much pleased with -Lee’s speech, but gave an ugly grunt and said that, as he had _six_ -wives, he was a “big Indian.” Lee had better “get _more wives_ before he -talked.” This visit did not do much good. Catumseh was no doubt taking -the measure of Lee’s scalp, while Lee was displeased with the sly and -filthy savage. - -The Comanche Indians were then the fiercest tribe in that region. They -ate raw meat, slept on the ground, and were great thieves and murderers. -They were fine horsemen, and moved swiftly from place to place on their -ponies. - -In June, 1856, Lee was sent with four companies of his regiment on an -expedition against the Comanches, but they could not be found. The wily -savages had fled to their desert retreats, where foot of pale face had -never trod. - -From Camp Cooper he writes to Mrs. Lee: - -“My Fourth-of-July was spent after a march of thirty miles in one of the -branches of the Bra′zos, under my blanket, which rested on four sticks -driven in the ground, as a sun-shade. The sun was fiery hot, the air -like a furnace, and the water salt; still my love for my country was as -great, my faith in her future as true, as they would have been under -better circumstances.” - -The change of weather in Texas is sometimes very great. - -In another letter, he tells his wife about a cold wind or norther. “I -came here in a cold norther, and though I pitched my tent in the most -sheltered place I could find, I found this morning, when getting up, my -bucket of water, which was close by my bed, so hard frozen that I had to -break the ice before I could pour the water into the basin.” - -While Colonel Lee rode with his troopers from fort to fort, a dreadful -disease broke out among them. Many died, but Colonel Lee did not catch -the disease, though he lived among his men and ran great risks. In these -sad times, his thoughts were ever with his dear ones at home. - -In a letter dated Camp Cooper, June 9, 1857, he tells about the sickness -of the troopers: - -“The great heat has made much sickness among the men. The children, too, -have suffered. A bright little boy died from it a few days since. He was -the only child, and his parents were much grieved at his loss * * *. For -the first time in my life, I read the service of our Church over the -grave to a large number of soldiers.” A few days after, he again read -the service over a little boy who had died with the disease. - -In a long letter from Fort Brown, Texas, December, 1856, he says: - -“I thought of you and wished to be with you.” He wrote again: “Though -absent, my heart will be in the midst of you; I can do nothing but love -and pray for you all. My daily walks are alone, up and down the banks of -the river, and my chief pleasure comes from my own thoughts, and from -the sight of the flowers and animals I meet with here.” - -In the midst of this wild, lonely life he was ever true to his faith in -Christ, which he had professed after the Mexican war. - -There was at Arlington a large yellow cat, called Tom Tita. All the -family were fond of him, and Colonel Lee among the rest. This led him to -write home about the cats he saw in his travels. He told once of a cat -called by his mistress Jim Nooks. He was a great pet, but at last died -from eating too much. He had coffee and cream for breakfast, pound cake -for lunch, turtle and oysters for dinner, buttered toast and Mexican -rats, taken raw, for supper. He was very handsome, but his “beauty could -not save him.” The kindness of his mistress was his ruin. - - [Illustration: TOM TITA.] - -Again he told his little girl about a cat which was dressed up. He had -two holes bored in each ear, and in each wore bows of pink and blue -ribbon. He was snow-white and wore a gold chain on his neck. His tail -and feet were tipped with black, and his eyes of green were truly -cat-like. - -In the summer of 1857, he was made Colonel (kûr′nel) of his regiment. -The next fall his father-in-law, Mr. Custis, died, and Colonel Lee went -home for a short time. Mr. Custis left Arlington and the rest of his -land to Mrs. Lee, and he also willed that at the end of five years all -of his slaves should be set free. He had chosen Colonel Lee to see that -his will was carried out. - -Colonel Lee stayed as long as he could with his lonely wife, and then -went back to his post in Texas. It must have been far from easy for him -to go back to the wild, hard life on the plains. There were then no -railroads. The United States mail was carried on mules, by armed -soldiers who rode in a gallop from place to place. Often they were slain -by the Indians, who would scalp them and leave their bodies to be found -by the troopers as they chased the savages back to their retreats. - -Two years more were spent in Texas, when, in October, 1859, we find him -again at home, and taking part in a great tragedy. - -A man, named John Brown, made a plan to set free the negro slaves who -were then in the South, and to kill all the whites. This plot did not -succeed, and John Brown and his men took refuge in the Round House at -Harper’s Ferry. Colonel Lee, who was then at home on a furlough, was -ordered to take a band of soldiers and capture these bold men. He went -at once to Harper’s Ferry and quickly took them prisoners. They were -then tried and hung for treason. - -Just here, I must tell you that the slaves were blacks, or negroes, who -had first been brought to this country from Africa, in 1619, by the -Dutch, and sold to the Virginia planters. At first, the planters bought -them out of pity, as they were badly treated by the Dutch. But after a -time it was found that the negroes worked well in the corn and tobacco -fields, and that they made money for their masters. - - [Illustration: COL. R. E. LEE AT JOHN BROWN’S FORT, HARPER’S FERRY.] - -Many men at the North were sea-going men, and they soon found out that, -by sailing over the ocean to Africa and catching the blacks, they could -sell them at a great profit to themselves. This they did, and men both -at the North and South bought them, though, even then, there were some -people at the South who thought it wrong to buy and sell human beings. - -In the State of Georgia it was for a time against the law to hold negro -slaves. - -After a while, it was found that the climate at the North was too cold -for the negro to thrive. It did not pay the men at the North to keep -them, and so they were sold to the Southern planters. - -In the South, the climate was hot, like that of their native Africa, so -they did well in that sunny land. - -In 1808, it was made unlawful to bring any more slaves from Africa to -the United States. The people at the South were glad that the trade in -slaves was stopped, but the Northern traders were of course sorry that -they could make no more money in that way. - -When the negroes were first brought from Africa, they were heathen -savages; but, after a few years, they learned the speech and customs of -the whites; and, more than all, the worship of the true God. In thinking -of this, we have to admit that slavery must have been permitted by the -Lord in order to bring a heathen people out of darkness into the light -of the Gospel. - -There were now four millions of negroes in the South. There was great -love between the blacks and their masters, as we have seen when John -Brown tried to get the former to rise up and slay the whites. For years, -there had been a feeling in the North that it was wrong to own slaves, -and some of the people began to hate the South and to try to crush it. - -The South felt that they owned the slaves under the law, or Constitution -of the United States, and that they ought to be let alone. They also -claimed that the slaves, as a class, were better treated than any other -working people in the world. They, moreover, said that the Southern -States had a perfect right to go out of the Union, if they wished, and -set up a government for themselves. This the North denied; and thus they -quarreled about the rights of States, and slavery, and other things, -until they began to think of war. - -In a short time after the John Brown Raid, Colonel Lee was back at his -post in Texas, but he was much troubled at the state of his dear -country. He loved the Union and had lived nearly all his life in its -service; but he knew that Virginia was in the right, and that he could -not fight against his native State. - -So, when the war came, he left the United States Army to fight for -Virginia and the South. - -He was offered the chief command of the United States Army if he would -remain in the “Union” service. He knew that if he went with the South he -would lose his rank, and also his lovely home—Arlington, but “‘none of -these things moved him’; his only wish was _to know, that he might walk -the path of duty_.” - -He said to Mr. Blair, who came to offer him the command of the army: “If -I owned the four millions of slaves in the South, I would give them all -up to save the Union, but how can I draw my sword upon Virginia, my -native State?” So, when Mr. Lincoln called for troops to send against -the South, Lee turned his back upon “wealth, rank, and all that a great -power could give him, and offered his stainless sword to his native -State.” His great soul was wrung with grief, but he obeyed the call of -duty. - -He went at once to Richmond, and was made Major-General of the Virginia -troops. His three sons also joined the Confederate army. - -General Lee was now fifty-four years old. He had been thirty-two years -in the service of the United States. - -The great “Civil War” now began. The eleven Southern States which had -left the “Union” were now called “The Confederate States of America”; -Mr. Jefferson Davis was made President of them, and Richmond in Virginia -was made the capital city. - - - Sā′bers, swords with broad blades. - Furlough (fûr′lō), a leave of absence. - Trea′son (trē′zon), the act of being false to one’s country. - Promō′ted, raised to a higher rank. - Rĕg′iment, a body of troops under a colonel. - Trăg′ēdy, an action in which the life of a person is taken. - - [Illustration: VIRGINIA STATE CAPITOL, FORMERLY OCCUPIED BY THE - CONFEDERATE CONGRESS.] - - What do you know about— - Cavalrymen? - Colonel Lee’s life in Texas? - Catumseh? - The Comanche Indians? - The negroes? - John Brown? - The wish of Lee? - What he deemed his duty? - The great “Civil War”? - - [Illustration: {uncaptioned}] - - - - - CHAPTER IV. - A Confederate General. - - -In this little book I cannot tell all that happened during the Civil -War, but only as much as will relate to our hero, General Lee. - -There were now two governments—one at the North; the other at the South. -Mr. Abraham Lincoln was President of the North, or Federals, while Mr. -Jefferson Davis was the President of the South, or Confederates. The -first thought of the North was to defend Washington, their capital city; -while the South was just as busy taking care of Richmond, and getting -arms and troops ready for war. - -In this war, brother fought against brother, and friend against friend. -It was a time of great trouble all over the land. At the North, one -hundred thousand men were enlisted in three days. At the South, the -feeling was more intense. Men rushed to arms from all parts of the -country. - -You must notice that from the first of the war, the South was much -poorer in the number of men and arms than the North. There were at the -North eighteen millions of whites; while at the South, there were only -six millions. Through all the South, there could be found only fifteen -thousand new rifles and about one hundred thousand old muskets. - -The Federals wore a uniform of blue, while the Confederates were clad in -gray; hence they were sometimes called “the blue” and “the gray.” - -The first blood which flowed in this war was shed in Baltimore. The -Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, as it was passing through the city on its -way south, was attacked by a band of men who loved the South and could -not bear to see them marching on to fight their brethren. In the fierce -street fight which followed, several men were killed. This happened on -April the 19th, 1861. - - [Illustration: GEN. R. E. LEE IN WEST VIRGINIA.] - -The first gun of the war was fired at half-past four o’clock April 12, -1861, at Fort Sumter, in South Carolina. This fort was taken by the -Confederates after a fight of thirty-four hours, in which no one was -hurt on either side. - -During the first months of the war, General Lee was kept in Richmond to -send Virginia men, who came to fight for the South, to the places where -they were most needed. All around Richmond were camps, where men were -trained for war. The largest of these camps was called “Camp Lee,” after -our hero. But in July, 1861, Lee was sent to Western Virginia, and was, -for the first time, commander of troops in the field. - -Just then, there were heavy rains and a great deal of sickness among the -men of his small army, so that he was not able to attack the enemy, as -he had planned. - -After some time, it was thought best to give up Western Virginia, and -General Lee went back to Richmond, where he stayed only a short time. In -November, 1861, he was sent south to build a line of forts along the -coasts of South Carolina and Georgia. In four months’ time he did much -to show his skill as an engineer. - -But a large Northern army, under General McClellan, was at the gates of -Richmond, and Lee was sent for to take charge of all the armies of the -South. Very soon, a battle was fought at Seven Pines, May 31st, which -stopped General McClellan’s “On to Richmond.” In that battle General -Johnston, the commanding general, was badly wounded, and General Lee was -put in his place. Lee was swift to plan and as swift to act. His task -was hard. The hosts of the North were at the gates of Richmond. The -folks on the house-tops could see their camp-fires and hear the roar of -their cannon. Lee at once began to make earth-works, and to place his -men for battle. Every day, now, a fine-looking man, clad in a neat gray -uniform, might be seen riding along the line. - -He wished to know what was going on in the camp of the foe, and now the -right man came forward. His name was J. E. B. Stuart, best known as Jeb -Stuart. He led his brave troopers quite around the army of the North and -found out all that Lee wished to know. He was ever after this, until his -death, the “eyes and ears” of Lee. - -“Stonewall” Jackson now came from the Valley with his brave men, and Lee -at once began the “Seven Days’ Battle.” Stuart was “the eyes and ears” -of Lee, and Jackson was his “right arm,” as you will learn before you -get through with this little book. - -For seven days the battle went on, and at last the Army of the Potomac, -under General McClellan, was forced back to the James river, and -Richmond was saved from the foe by the skill of Lee and the valor of his -men. - -Lee now marched north towards Washington City, and in August, 1862, met -the army of General Pope and fought the Second Battle of Manassas. Lee -had made a bold plan to put the army of Pope to flight. He sent -Stonewall Jackson fifty-six miles around to the rear of Pope, while he -(Lee) kept him in check in front. - -Jackson’s men marched so fast that they were called “foot cavalry.” They -ate apples and green corn as they marched along, for they had no time to -stop. Only one man among them knew where they were going. Little cared -they, for Stonewall Jackson led the way. - -On the evening of the second day, Jackson, with twenty thousand men, was -between Pope and Washington city. Lee was in front of Pope with the rest -of the army. - -General Jackson fell upon Manassas Junction and took three hundred -prisoners and many car-loads of food and clothes. After the men had -eaten what food they wanted, they burned the rest and moved away. - -Jackson found a good position from which to fight, and when Pope’s men -came up was ready for them. They fought all day, and when the powder and -shot gave out the Southern men fought with stones. - -All this time Lee, with most of the men, was coming round to help -Jackson. How eagerly Jackson looked for help! He had only twenty -thousand men against three times that many. At last Lee came up, and the -battle was won (August 30th). Many brave men were killed on both sides, -but Lee was the victor. In three months’ time he had driven the foe from -Richmond, and was now in front of Washington with his army. - -He now sent General Jackson to Harper’s Ferry, where he took as -prisoners twelve thousand men of the North, September 15th. Jackson then -hurried back to Lee, who had crossed the Potomac and gone over into -Maryland, on September 5, 1862. - -At Sharpsburg sometimes called Antietam (Ante’tam), he again met the -fresh army of McClellan and fought one of the most bloody battles of the -war. Lee had only half as many men as McClellan, but when, after the -battle, Lee thought it best to return to Virginia, McClellan did not -follow him. Lee led his army back to Virginia without the loss of a gun -or a wagon, and they rested near Winchester, Virginia. - - [Illustration: LAST MEETING OF LEE AND JACKSON.] - -General Lee, in his tent near Winchester, heard of the death of his -daughter Annie. She had been his dearest child, and his grief at her -death was great; but he wrote thus to Mrs. Lee: - -“But God in this, as in all things, has mingled mercy with the blow by -selecting the one best prepared to go. May you join me in saying ‘His -will be done!’” - -It was now McClellan’s turn to attack Lee, but he was slow to move—so -slow that Mr. Lincoln sent him word “to cross the Potomac and give -battle to the foe, and drive him south.” But still he did not move, and -Lee, who was also wanting to move, sent Jeb Stuart over into Maryland to -find out what McClellan was doing. That gallant man again went around -the whole Northern army, and came back safe to Lee, having found out -what Lee wished to know. - -The Northern army now came back to Virginia and Lee moved to -Fredericksburg, a town on the Rappahannock river. - -Burnside was now put at the head of the Northern army in the place of -General McClellan, whom Mr. Lincoln accused of being too slow. - -Lee placed his men on the heights above the river, on the south side, -while Burnside’s hosts were on Stafford Heights and the plains below. - -At daylight on December 13, 1862, the battle began, and was fought -bravely by both sides. But Burnside’s men had little chance, since Lee’s -men from above poured the shot and shell so fast that they could not -move forward. - -The noise of this battle was terrible, as there were three hundred -cannon roaring at once. - -Cooke, a great writer, tells us that as Burnside’s guns were fired -directly at the town, the houses were soon on fire and a dense cloud of -smoke hung over its roofs and steeples. Soon the red flames leaped up -high above the smoke and the people were driven from their homes. -Hundreds of women and children were seen wandering along the frozen -roads, not knowing where to go. - -General Lee stood upon a ridge which is now called “Lee’s Hill,” and -watched this painful scene. For a long time he stood silent, and then, -in his deep, grave voice, said these words, which were the most bitter -that he was ever known to utter: “These people delight to destroy the -weak, and those who can make no defence; it just suits them.” - -When the day was done, Lee was again victor. - - [Illustration: LEE AT FREDERICKSBURG.] - -In less than _six months_ Lee had fought _four_ great battles—all -victorious to his arms, except that of Sharpsburg, which was neither a -victory nor defeat. The Southern army was now full of hope and courage. -At the battle of Fredericksburg, Lee had only sixty thousand men, while -Burnside’s army numbered over one hundred thousand. In this battle Lee -lost five thousand men, while twelve thousand of Burnside’s men lay -stark and cold upon the bloody field. - -Lee grieved over the loss of his brave men, and for the good people of -Fredericksburg who had lost their homes by fire during the fight. He now -waited day after day for Burnside to attack, but in vain. At length Lee -went into winter quarters in a tent at the edge of an old pine field -near Fredericksburg, and began to get ready for fight when the spring -came. It was at this time that among a number of fowls given to Lee, was -a fine hen which began the egg business before her head came off, and -Bryan, Lee’s servant, saved her for the egg which he found each day in -the General’s tent. Lee would leave the door of the tent open for the -hen to go in and out. She roosted and rode in the wagon, and was an -eye-witness of the battle of Chancellorsville. She was also at the -battle of Gettysburg; but when orders were given to fall back, the hen -could not be found. At last, they saw her perched on top of the wagon, -ready to go back to her native State. - - [Illustration: GEN. LEE’S HEN.] - -In 1864, when food began to get scarce and Bryan was in sore need for -something nice for guests, he killed the good old hen unknown to her -master. At dinner, General Lee thought it a very fine fowl, not dreaming -that Bryan had killed his pet. - -It was now time for Lee to carry out the will of old Mr. Custis and set -free his slaves. Many of them had been carried off by the Northern men, -but now he wrote out the deed and set them free by law. He wrote thus of -them to Mrs. Lee: - -“They are all entitled to their freedom, and I wish them to have it. -Those that have been carried away I hope are free and happy.” - -He had set free his own slaves years before. - -Lee had proved so great a leader that the people of the South began to -look to him with great love and hope. - -During these battles, of which I have told you, one-half of the Southern -men were in rags, and many were without shoes. Yet shoeless, hatless, -ragged and starving, they followed Lee and fought his battles. Their pet -name for him was “Marse Robert.” They knew that their great chief cared -for them, and would not send them into danger if he could help it; and -it was no fault of his if their food was scant and poor. They learned to -love and trust him. “Marse Robert says so,” was their battle-cry. - - - Prĕs′ident, the head of a free people. - Mĕr′cy, kindness. - Găl′lant, brave; daring in fight. - Vĭc′tor, one who wins. - Posĭ′tion, place. - - Tell about— - The two governments. - The first blood shed. - The first gun fired. - “Camp Lee.” - Where General Lee was first sent. - The “On to Richmond.” - Jeb Stuart. “Stonewall” Jackson. - The Second Battle of Manassas. - Sharpsburg. Fredericksburg. - The will of Mr. Custis. - The soldiers’ love for Lee. - - - - - CHAPTER V. - A Confederate General. - (_Continued._) - - -When the spring of 1863 came, the two armies were still in sight of each -other near Fredericksburg. A new man, General Hooker, sometimes called -“Fighting Joe,” had been put at the head of the army of the North. Take -note that he was the fourth general that President Lincoln had sent -forth within a year to conquer Lee. - -Lee watched his new foe, and when he had found out his plans was ready -for him. He fell back to a place called Chancellorsville, and there, in -the midst of a dense forest, the fight took place (May 2, 3). - -While the battle was going on, Lee sent Jackson to the rear to cut -Hooker off from a ford in the river. Jackson’s men moved through the -forest so swiftly and with so little noise that they fell upon Hooker’s -men with a loud yell before he knew they were near. They rushed out like -a thunder-bolt and swept down upon the line like a flash of lightning. -The foe did not wait, but turned and fled. - -It was now nearly dark, and, as Jackson rode forward to view the way, he -was shot by his own men, who, in the dim light, thought that he and his -aids were a squad of Northern cavalry. He was shot in three places—in -his right hand, his left forearm, and again in the same limb near the -shoulder. He was placed in a litter and taken from the field. All care -was taken of this great and good man, but he died the next Sunday. His -last words were: - -“Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action. Pass the infantry to the front. -Tell Major Hawkes”—he stopped and then said, as if the fight was over, -“Let us pass over the river and rest under the trees.” - -Thus passed away the great Stonewall Jackson, the “right arm of Lee.” - -For two days after Jackson was wounded, the fight went on and raged with -great fury. General Hooker was struck by a piece of wood split off by a -cannon ball, and for a time was thought dead. - -Lee made bold plans and his brave men carried them out. Stuart, who had -taken Stonewall Jackson’s command, led his men to battle, singing “Old -Joe Hooker, won’t you come out of the wilderness.” - -At last the battle of Chancellorsville was won and Hooker was forced -back to his old camp at Fredericksburg. - -Chancellorsville was Lee’s greatest battle, but its glory was clouded by -Jackson’s death. General Lee wrote to his wife, May 11, 1863: - -“You will see we have to mourn the loss of the good and great Jackson. * -* * I know not how to replace him, but God’s will be done.” - -In this battle Lee had only fifty-three thousand men, one-third as many -men as Hooker. - - [Illustration: GEN. STONEWALL JACKSON] - -In June, 1863, Lee again crossed the Potomac and met an army under -General Meade at Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania. - -Lee had two reasons for this move. One was to get food for his men and -horses; and the other to draw the Northern army away from its strong -forts around Washington city. He gave strict orders to his men not to -steal and rob. This is a part of his order: - -“The commanding general thinks that no greater disgrace could befall the -army, and through it our whole people, than to commit outrages on the -innocent and defenceless. * * * It must be remembered that we make war -only upon _armed men_.” - -This order, with its noble Christ-like spirit, will remain the “undying -glory of Lee”; for all his property had been taken by the Federals. His -wife and daughters were homeless, yet he did not fail to return good for -evil. - -When Lee started into Maryland, he sent Jeb Stuart on ahead to guard the -right flank of his army. By some mishap, he crossed the Potomac too far -to the east, and soon found that the whole Federal army was between him -and General Lee. By hard fighting and riding he at last joined Lee at -Gettysburg, but not until after the fight had begun. Lee was thus -without his “eyes and ears,” as we have called General Stuart, and could -not tell just where the foe was. Neither Lee nor Meade had planned to -fight at Gettysburg, but they fell upon each other pretty much like two -men groping in the dark. - -For the first two days (July 1, 2) Lee’s men drove back the enemy. On -the third day, at 1 o’clock P. M., Lee began to fight with one hundred -and fifty big guns. For two hours the air was alive with shells. Then, -out of the woods swept the Confederate battle line, over a mile long, -under General Pickett. A thrill of wonder ran along the Federal lines as -that grand column of fifteen thousand men marched, with ragged clothes, -but bright guns and red battle-flags flying, up the slope of Cemetery -Ridge. Down upon them came shot and shell from guns on the heights above -and round them. - -The line was broken, but on they went. They planted their Confederate -flags on the breast-work; they fought hand to hand and killed men at the -cannon with the bayonet; but down from the hill rushed tens of thousands -of Federals, and many who were not killed were taken prisoners. Few got -back to tell the story. That night the stars looked down upon a field of -dead and dying men and also upon a sad general. Lee’s orders had not -been obeyed, and, for the first time, he had been foiled. - -Lee afterwards said to a friend, “Had I had Stonewall Jackson at -Gettysburg, I would have won a great victory.” - -He had made a bold plan to attack early in the day; but it was not done, -and thus Meade got time to bring up his troops. Meade did not attack -Lee, who rested that night upon the same ground as the night before. - -Lee now had but little powder and shot. On the next day, the 4th of -July, he started his long trains of wounded and prisoners towards -Virginia; and, at the same time, buried his dead. That night, in a -storm, the army began its homeward march, and reached the Potomac river -to find it too high to cross. Calm and brave, Lee sent his wounded over -in boats and got ready for Meade. But Meade was in no mood to attack Lee -and came up slowly. - -While waiting for the river to fall, Lee heard of the capture of his son -Gen. W. H. F. Lee. - -On the 13th, Lee’s men began to cross the river, and by the next night -they were again safe in Virginia. - -The men lost at Gettysburg were never replaced, for the South had sent -forth all her fighting men and had no more to give. - -The rest of the year passed without any great battle. Lee’s chief -concern was to get food and clothes for his men and to watch Meade, who -would not give battle. - -About this time the city of Richmond presented to Lee a house. This he -kindly but firmly refused to take, and begged that what means the city -had to spare might be given to the families of his poor soldiers. - -Late in November, General Meade moved towards Lee, who had built strong -forts at Mine Run. But Meade found the forts too strong for attack and -withdrew during the night. - -The next year a new man was sent against Lee—Ulysses S. Grant. Lee had -now only sixty-two thousand men to meet Grant, who had _one hundred and -twenty-five thousand_ men, and a wagon train that reached sixty-five -miles. - -With this large army, Grant crossed the Rapidan river, and marched on to -give Lee battle. Lee did not wait for Grant, but went forward and met -his hosts in a place called the Wilderness, which was a vast forest full -of underbrush, and with only narrow roads here and there. It was a bad -place in which to fight a battle, for no man could see but a few yards -around him. Cannon and horsemen were of no use, because they could not -move through the tangled bushes. - -Grant did not know that Lee’s men were so near. But when they rushed -into these wilds and boldly began the fight he had to give battle. For -two days, May 5th and 6th, 1864, two hundred thousand men in blue and -gray fought breast to breast in the thickets. Men fell and died unseen, -their bodies lost in the bushes and their death-groans drowned in the -roar of battle. - -In the midst of these horrors, the woods caught on fire and many of the -wounded were burnt alive. Lee, however, pressed forward, and when night -closed had taken a portion of the Federal breast-works. - -During the fight of the 6th, General Lee placed himself at the head of -some men from Texas to lead the charge. “Hurrah for Texas!” he cried, -and ordered the charge. But the soldiers, anxious for their dear -general, shouted, “Lee to rear!” A gray-haired soldier seized his -bridle, saying, “General Lee, if you do not go back, we will not go -forward!” So General Lee reined back his horse and the brave Texans -swept on to victory and death. - -On the morning of the 7th, Grant made no motion to attack Lee, but that -night marched towards Spotsylvania Court-House. Lee at once found out -his plans and began a race to reach there first. When the front of -Grant’s army reached the Court-House the next morning, they found Lee’s -men behind breast-works and ready for the fight. Lee had gotten between -Grant and Richmond! That evening the two great armies were again facing -each other on the banks of the Po river. Here they threw up -breast-works, which may yet be seen. - -For twelve days, Grant made many attacks upon Lee’s lines. Early on the -morning of the 12th his men made an opening in Lee’s lines and poured in -by thousands. Lee’s men ran up quickly and soon a most terrible fight -took place. The trenches ran with blood and the space was piled with -dead bodies, whose lips were black with powder from biting cartridges. - - [Illustration: LEE IN FRONT OF HIS TROOPS.] - -Though Grant held that position, he could not break through the second -line. The little army in gray stood as firm as the mountains. - -In the fight of which I have just told you, General Lee again rode in -front, with hat off, to lead the charge; but General Gordon dashed up -and said: - -“These are Virginians and Georgians who have never failed. Go to the -rear, General Lee.” - -Then he said to the men: - -“Must General Lee lead this charge?” - -“No! No!” they cried; “we will drive them back if General Lee will go to -the rear.” - -They rushed off and once more hurled back the Federal troops. - -Grant now sent his cavalry general, Sheridan, on a raid near Richmond. A -fierce battle was fought at Yellow Tavern, in which the famous Jeb -Stuart was wounded so that he died the next day. Alas for Lee! Jackson -and Stuart were both gone. - -Grant again moved to the rear, and Lee next moved to the North Anna -river. While Grant was again trying to flank, Lee got to the old works -at Cold Harbor. Grant made an attack at daylight. His troops, sinking -into a swamp, were killed by thousands, while Lee lost but few men. - -A second assault was ordered, but the men would not move forward. About -thirteen thousand of their comrades had been killed in less than half an -hour, and they could no longer stand the awful fire. - -We are told by General Fitzhugh Lee that Lee’s men were hungry and mad. -One cracker to a man, with no meat, was a luxury. One poor fellow, who -had his cracker shot out of his hand before he could eat it, said: “The -next time I’ll put my cracker in a safe place down by the breast-works -where it won’t get wounded, poor thing!” - -Lee again stood in Grant’s way to Richmond. In the battles from the -Wilderness to Cold Harbor, Grant had lost sixty thousand men, while -Lee’s loss was eighteen thousand. - -Just before the battle of Cold Harbor, Grant had looked for Sigel to -move up the Valley and fall upon Lee’s rear. But Sigel was met at New -Market on May 15th by Breckenridge with five thousand troops, among -which was a band of cadets from the Virginia Military Institute at -Lexington. These boys fought like heroes, fifty of them being killed and -wounded. Sigel was sent running back down the Valley, and Breckenridge -then marched to the help of Lee. - -Grant then, on the night of June 12th, began to move his army south of -the James river to march towards Petersburg, a city about twenty-one -miles south of Richmond. - -The famous General Beauregard (Bo′re-gard) was at Petersburg with only -about two thousand men, as he had sent the most of his troops to the -north side of the James river to the help of Lee. - -Against these, on the 15th, General Grant sent eighteen thousand men. - -Beauregard held these men in check until Lee sent troops to aid him. Lee -then came up with the main army, and Grant, having lost ten thousand -men, now began to make trenches and build forts to protect his men, as -he was going to lay siege to Petersburg, the key to Richmond. - -Lee had to defend both Richmond and Petersburg with lines thirty-five -miles long, against Grant’s army, which was twice as large as his own. -In fact, Grant had all the men that he asked for; while Lee’s ranks were -thin and food was scarce. A fourth of a pound of meat and one pound of -flour was all that each soldier had for one day. - -In this stress, it is said that Lee thought it best to give up Richmond -and march south to join the army there. I do not know the truth of that -statement. At any rate, he did not go, but went to work to make his -lines stronger and to get in food for his men. One of his great cares -was to keep Grant from getting hold of the railroads which brought food -from the South and other parts of the country. - -Just here, it will be well to give you some of the war prices at that -time. Flour brought, in Confederate money, two hundred and fifty dollars -per barrel; meal, fifty dollars; corn, forty; and oats, twenty-five -dollars per bushel. Brown sugar cost ten dollars per pound; coffee, -twelve dollars; tea, thirty-five dollars; and they were scarce and hard -to get. Woolen goods were scarce; calico cost thirty dollars per yard, -and lead pencils one dollar a-piece. Women wore dresses that were made -of cloth spun, woven and dyed by their own hands. Large thorns were used -for pins and hair-pins, and shoes were made with wooden soles. Hats were -made by girls out of wheat straw, plaited into a braid and then sewed -into shape. - -Those were indeed hard times; but in spite of want and care, the spirits -and courage of the Southern people did not flag. All food that could be -spared was sent to Richmond, and every one hoped for the best. - -Time after time Grant’s men made attacks upon Lee’s works, but were -always sent back faster than they came, by his watchful men. - -The shells from Grant’s big guns fell into the city of Petersburg day -after day, bursting into the churches and houses, and making the people -flee for their lives. - -One day, as General Lee was sitting on a chair under a tree at his -headquarters, the “Clay House,” the balls fell so thick about him that -his aids begged him to seek a safer place. He at last mounted his horse -and rode away. A moment after, a gay young soldier sat down in the chair -and tilted it back, saying, “I’ll see if I can fill Lee’s place for -awhile.” Just then a ball struck the front round of the chair and cut it -in twain. If Lee had been there, with the chair upon the ground, he -would have been badly hurt. All thanked God that he was safe. - -On June 22d, the Confederates under General Mahone made a sally from -their lines and gave the Federals a great surprise. As the Southern shot -and shell burst upon them, they fled back into their lines and the -Confederates brought off two thousand prisoners, four cannon and eight -flags. - -On the same day, there was a fight at Reams’ Station, in which the -Federals were put to flight and lost twelve guns and one thousand men. - -All this time, Grant was making earthworks and forts, and at last -carried out a very cruel plan. From a spot out of sight, he had a mine -dug until it reached under one of the Confederate forts. In that hole he -had caused to be placed a blast of eight thousand pounds of powder. His -plan was to blow a hole in Lee’s lines and then rush in with a large -band of men and take the city. - - [Illustration: THE SOUTHERN STATES.] - -General Lee found out that they were digging the mine and where it was, -and had a strong line made in the rear, while big guns were placed so as -to fire across the breach when the mine was sprung. - -At that time there were only thirteen thousand men in the trenches at -Petersburg, as General Lee had been forced to send some of his troops to -the north of the James to check a move which Grant had made on purpose -to draw off Lee’s men from the mine. - -Just at dawn, July 30th, the blast was fired. A great roar was heard, -and then two hundred and fifty-six men from South Carolina and -twenty-two from Petersburg, with guns, large masses of earth, stones and -logs, were thrown high into the air. A breach one hundred and -thirty-five feet long, ninety feet wide, and thirty feet deep, had been -made in the Confederate lines. Those near the spot were at first -stunned, and those far away could not think what the noise meant. - -Grant’s guns fired at once all along the line, and a band of men marched -out to rush in through the breach. When they had rushed across the space -to the gap, they found a deep pit at their feet. - - [Illustration: EXPLOSION OF THE CRATER.] - -The Confederates had now gained their wits, and at once opened fire. The -storm of shot and shell forced the Federals down into the pit for -shelter; but when there, they could not get out. Band after band of -Federals were sent forward to charge the works, but they either fell -into the Crater or ran back to their own lines. - -Two hours had now passed, when black troops were sent to seize the guns -which were doing such deadly work. They marched bravely up, but the -Confederate fire was too hot for them and they ran for their lives—some -into the Crater, and some back to their own lines. White troops were -again sent forward, but they, too, were driven back. All this time the -Crater was full of wounded, struggling and dying men, upon whom the hot -sun beat and shot poured down. - -Soon General Lee rode up, and by his orders, General Mahone, with -Weisiger’s and Wright’s brigades, came up and charged with a yell upon -the Federals who had for the first time reached the breast-works. There -was a fierce hand-to-hand fight, but the Federals were quickly forced -back. - -All honor is due to the few men who had so bravely held the breach until -help came. - -Just at this time a white flag was seen to float above the side of the -Crater, which told that some were alive down there and ready to give up. - -In this strange fight Grant lost about four _thousand_ men and Lee about -four _hundred_. - -The pluck and skill of Lee and a few men had foiled a well-laid plan and -showed what these brave heroes could do after years of toil and battle. - -Lee now thought that if he would again send troops to threaten -Washington, he might cause Grant to move some of his large army there, -and thus give him (Lee) a chance to hurl back the hosts of Grant from -Richmond. So he sent General Early down the Valley into Maryland with -only ten thousand men. - -They went as fast as they could, and on July 9th met, at Monocacy -Bridge, General Lew Wallace with seven thousand men. Having whipped him -and taken from him two thousand men, Early marched on to Washington. - -On the 10th, his troops marched thirty miles, and on the 11th were in -front of Washington. But his force was too small and too much worn out -to try to attack the city. He coolly camped in front of it all day, and -at night after a fight with some Federal troops sent to catch him, went -back into Virginia. - -This raid of Early’s did not move Grant. He left Mr. Lincoln to take -care of Washington and kept the most of his men massed in front of Lee’s -lines. - -It was about this time that the Federal General Sheridan passed up the -Valley and burned two thousand barns filled with wheat and hay, and -seventy mills filled with flour. He also drove off and killed four -thousand head of stock. The boast was that “if a crow wants to fly down -the Valley he must carry his food along.” - -This was a part of the plan to crush and starve Lee, for a great part of -his flour and meat was sent from the Valley. - -After many trials, on August 18th Grant at last got hold of the Weldon -railroad, which brought supplies from the south. This was a great blow -to Lee. - -In the fall of this year, when meat was scarce, General Wade Hampton -sent a note to General Lee, telling him that there was a large drove of -beeves in the rear of Grant’s army and asked leave to take a force of -horsemen and drive out the cattle. General Lee at last told him to go, -but urged him to take great care not to be caught. - -The men were well on their way when day broke, and rode on until dark, -when they came to a halt in a road overhung by the branches of trees. -Here they slept, men and horses, till just at dawn they sprang to their -saddles, and with the well-known yell dashed into the camp of the foe. -The Federals made a good fight for their meat; but at last fell back, -and the Confederates captured and drove out more than two thousand -beeves. These they brought safe into camp after having two fights and -riding one hundred miles. - -This fresh meat was a great treat to Lee’s men and the cause of much -fun. - - [Illustration: JOHNNY REB AND BILLY YANK.] - -Lee’s lines were so close to Grant’s at one point that the men would -often call over to each other. The Federals called the Confederates -Johnny Rebs, while the Confederate name for the Federals was Billy -Yanks. On the day after the beef raid, one of Grant’s men called out. - -“I say, Johnny Reb, come over. I’ve got a new blue suit for you.” - -“Blue suit?” growled out Johnny. - -“Yes,” said the other, “take off those greasy butternut clothes. I -would, if I were you.” - -“Never you mind the _grease_, Billy Yank,” drawled out the Confederate, -“I got _that out’n them beeves o’ yourn_.” - -Pop! went the Federal’s gun, and the Confederate was not slow to pop -back at him. - -General Lee’s life was now full of care; as soon as one attack on his -lines was over, another was begun. He lived in a tent and would go down -to the trenches himself to see how his men were getting on. - -An old soldier relates that one day he came into the trenches when the -firing was quite rapid. The men did not dare to cheer, lest they might -bring a hotter fire from the foe, but they crowded around him and begged -him to go back. But he calmly asked after their health and spoke words -of cheer. Then he walked to a big gun and asked the lieutenant to fire, -so that he might see its range and work. The officer said, with tears in -his eyes, “General, don’t order me to fire this gun while you are here. -They will open fire over there with all those big guns and you will -surely get hurt. Go back out of range and I’ll fire all day.” General -Lee was greatly touched by this, and went back, while the men quickly -fired off the huge gun. - -Lee needed not only men, but food for those he had. Many men died from -cold and want. - -The winter of 1864 and ’65 was a sad one for Lee and the South. There -were no more men in the South to take the place of those who had been -killed. - -The corn and wheat of the South had been burnt and the cattle killed by -the Northern armies. The people sat down to empty tables and had no more -food to send their men. - -Mrs. Lee, in her sick chair in Richmond, “with large heart and small -means” knit socks, which she would send at once to the bare-footed men. - -On January 10, 1865, General Lee writes to Mrs. Lee: - -“Yesterday three little girls walked into my room, each with a small -basket. The eldest had some fresh eggs, the second some pickles, and the -third some pop-corn, which had grown in her garden. * * They had with -them a young maid with a block of soap made by her mother. They were the -daughters of a Mrs. Nottingham, a refugee from Northampton county. * * I -had not had so nice a visit for a long time. I was able to fill their -baskets with apples, and begged them to bring me hereafter nothing but -kisses, and to keep the eggs, corn, etc., for themselves.” - -Lee’s men were ragged and starving, but they fought on till April 1st, -1865, when, at Five Forks, the left wing of Grant’s large army swept -around the right and rear of Lee, and made him give up Richmond and -Petersburg. - -When the Southern troops were leaving Richmond, by law of Congress the -tobacco houses were set on fire to keep them from falling into the hands -of the foe. The fire spread, and Mrs. Lee’s house was in danger of being -burnt. Friends came in and wished to move her to a place of safety, but -she was loath to go. The fire had no terror for her as she thought of -her husband with his band of ragged, starving men marching with their -“faces turned from Richmond.” White clouds of dense smoke, with the -light of fire in their folds, hung above the city as the Federal army, -with waving flags and clashing music, marched in and stacked arms in the -Capitol Square. - -In the meantime, Lee marched on towards Amelia Court-House, where he had -ordered meat and bread to be sent for his men. But when he got there he -found that it had been sent elsewhere, and now real want set in. His men -had nothing to eat but corn, which they would parch at night and eat as -they marched along. General Lee’s plan had been to march south and join -General Johnston, but some time had been lost in looking for food, and -General Grant’s hosts were near at hand. - -So Lee fell back towards Lynchburg, but on April 9th, 1865, being -entirely surrounded by Grant’s vast army, he and his few ragged men -surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court-House. Lee had only -_eight thousand_ men, while Grant’s army numbered about _two hundred -thousand_. - -In all these battles, of which I have told you, General Lee had never -been really defeated; but he gave up at last because he had no more men -and no more food. The Northern generals had all the men and food they -asked for, as they had the world to draw from; but the South, being -blockaded, or shut in by Northern ships of war, could not get what she -needed from other lands. - -Lee did all that courage and genius could do against such odds, and was, -without doubt, the greatest commander of his time. - -Colonel Venable, an officer on General Lee’s staff, tells this story of -the surrender: “When I told General Lee that the troops in front were -not able to fight their way out, he said ‘Then, there is nothing left me -but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather _die a thousand -deaths_.’” - -Another officer says that when Lee was thinking of the surrender he -exclaimed, “How easily I could get rid of all this and be at rest! I -have only to ride along the lines and all will be over. But,” he added -quickly, “_it is our duty to live_, for what will become of the _women_ -and _children_ of the South if we are not here to support and protect -them?” - -So, with a heart bursting with grief, he once more did his _duty_. He -went at once to General Grant and surrendered himself and his few -remaining men. - -By the terms of the surrender, Lee’s men gave up their fire-arms, but -all who had horses took them home, “to work their little farms.” - -General Grant, it must be said, was most kind to General Lee and his -men. He did not ask for General Lee’s sword, nor did Lee offer it to -him; neither did he require Lee’s men to march up to stack their guns -between ranks of Federals with flags flying and bands playing. Lee’s men -simply went to places which were pointed out and stacked their guns. -Their officers then signed a parole not to fight again against the -_United States_. They were then free to go back to their homes, which, -in some cases, were burnt—blight and want being on every side. - -After all, Grant did not go to Lee’s camp or to Richmond to exult over -the men who had so often met him in battle; but he mounted his horse, -and, with his staff, rode to Washington. Before going, he sent to Lee -twenty-five thousand rations; for, as I have told you, Lee’s men had -nothing to eat but parched corn. - -After the surrender, Lee rode out among his men, who pressed up to him, -eager to “touch his person, or even his horse,” and tears fell down the -powder-stained cheeks of the strong men. Slowly he said: - -“Men, we have fought the war together; I have done my best for you; my -heart is too full to say more.” - - [Illustration: LEE LEAVING APPOMATTOX C. H.] - -“And then in silence, with lifted hat, he rode through the weeping army -towards his home in Richmond.” - -As General Lee rode on towards Richmond he was calm, and his thoughts -dwelt much more on the state of the poor people at whose houses he -stopped than upon his own bad fortune. When he found that all along the -road the people were glad to see him and gave him gladly of what they -had to eat, he said, “These good people are kind—too kind. They do too -much—more than they are able to do—for us.” - -At a house which he reached just at night, a poor woman gave him a nice -bed; but, with a kind shake of the head, he spread his blanket and slept -upon the floor. - -The next day he stopped at the house of his brother, Charles Carter Lee; -but, when night came, left the house and slept in his old black wagon. -He could not give up at once the habits of a soldier. - -When, at last, the city of Richmond was in sight, he rode ahead with a -few of his officers. A sad sight met his view. In the great fire of the -3d of April, a large part of the city had been burned, and, as he rode -up Main street, he saw only masses of black ruins. - -As he rode slowly, some of the people saw him, and at once the news -flashed through the streets that General Lee had come. - -The people ran to greet him, and showed by cheers and the waving of hats -and handkerchiefs how much they loved him. - -General Lee now went home and there again took up his duty. He had -fought for the South, which had failed to gain the victory. He thought -that it was now the duty of every good man to avoid hate and malice and -do all that he could to build up the waste places of his dear land. He -had been a soldier for forty years, and, for the first time since -manhood, was in private life. - -He now enjoyed the company of his wife and children, and as long as he -kept his parole and the laws in force where he lived, was thought to be -safe. There were, however, steps taken to try him for treason; but -General Grant went to the President and told him that his honor was -pledged for the safety of General Lee, and that he wished him to be let -alone. So, General Grant’s request was granted and no trial took place. - -After some months the Lee family left Richmond and went to live at the -house of a friend in Powhatan county. - -The spring and summer of 1865 was spent by our hero in taking the rest -which he so much needed. - - - Rĕf′ugee′, one who leaves home for safety. - Siēge, the act of besetting a fortified place. - Hûrled, thrown. - Gēnius, a great mind. - Surrĕn′der, the act of yielding to another. - - What do you remember about— - Chancellorsville? - The death of General Jackson? - Gettysburg? - The Wilderness? - “Lee to the rear?” - Cold Harbor? - The siege of Richmond and Petersburg? - The surrender? - General Grant’s kindness? - - [Illustration: VIRGINIA BATTLE-FIELDS.] - - - - - CHAPTER VI. - A College President. - - -In October, 1865, General Lee became President of Washington College, in -Lexington, Virginia. Many other places of trust were offered him, but he -chose to lead the young men of the South in the paths of peace and -learning, as he had so nobly done in times of war. - -General Lee rode on his war-horse, Traveler, from Powhatan county to -Lexington in four days. As he drew rein in front of the village inn, an -old soldier knew him, gave the military salute, and, placing one hand -upon the bridle and the other upon the stirrup, stood and waited for him -to dismount. - -On October 2d, 1865, General Lee took the oath of office, before William -White, Esq., justice of the peace. The General stood, dressed in a plain -suit of gray, his arms folded, and his eyes calmly fixed upon Judge -Brockenbrough, as he read the oath of office. - -The great chief was now changed into a college president. “I have,” said -he, “a task which I cannot forsake.” That task was not easy, for the -college had lost much during the war and now had to be built up in every -way. - - [Illustration: WASHINGTON & LEE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE CHAPEL.] - -He went to work with great skill and energy, and soon all felt that a -great man was leading them. - -Some one has aptly said, “Suns seem larger when they set;” so it was -with Lee. At this time of his life he appears nobler and grander than -ever before. In his quiet study, away from the noise of the world, he -gave his time and talents to the young men of his dear South. His -earnest wish was to make Washington College a great seat of learning, -and for this he worked and made wise plans. - -In March, 1866, he went to Washington city to appear as a witness before -the committee which was inquiring into the state of things in the South. -This was his first visit to any of the cities since the war, and it -caused much comment. - -General Fitz. Lee tells us that the day after his return, he proposed a -walk with one of his daughters, who said, in fun, that she did not -admire the new hat which he was about to put on. “You do not like my -hat?” said he; “why, there were a thousand people in Washington the -other day admiring this hat.” This was the only time that he spoke of -the crowds of people who sought him while in that city. - -When his nephew, General Fitz. Lee, wrote to know what he thought of -having the Southern dead moved from the field of Gettysburg, he said, “I -am not in favor of moving the ashes of the dead unless for a worthy -object, and I know of no fitter resting-place for a soldier than the -field on which he so nobly laid down his life.” - -It is sometimes asked if General Lee was content in the quiet of his -home at Lexington. This is what he wrote to a friend: - -“For my own part, I much enjoy the charms of civil life, and find, too -late, that I have wasted the best years of my life.” - -In his life as College President, duty was, as ever, his watchword. He -knew each student by name, and just how well he studied. - -Once, when asked how a certain young man was getting along, he said: “He -is a very quiet and orderly young man, but _he seems very careful not to -injure the health of his father’s son_. Now, I do not want our young men -to injure their health, but I want them to come as near it as possible.” - -One of his friends relates that, even amidst this busy life at college, -he found time to be the most polite gentleman in town. “How often have I -seen him,” says this friend, “in the stores and shops of Lexington, -talking pleasantly with each new comer; or, walking a mile through mud -and snow to call on some humble family, who will hand it down as an -event in their lives that they had a visit from General Lee!” - -Seeing, during the first year, that the college chapel was not large -enough, he at once began to plan for a new one. He chose the site for it -in front of the other houses, so that it might be in full view. He then -had the plan drawn under his own eye, and did not rest until it was -finished and opened for the service of God. - -In this chapel his body now rests, as I shall tell you hereafter. - -Early in 1870, in the midst of these labors, his health began to fail. -There was a flush upon his cheek, and an air of weariness about him -which alarmed his friends. Rheumatism of the heart and other parts of -the body had set in, and in March, 1870, he went south “to look upon -other scenes and enjoy the breezes in the ‘land of sun and flowers.’” -His daughter Agnes went with him. - -On this trip he once more went to see his father’s grave, on an island -off the coast of Georgia, where, you remember, General Henry Lee was -taken when so ill on board ship, and where he died. They placed fresh -flowers upon the grave, which they found in good order, though the house -had been burnt and the island laid waste. - -His health seemed better when again at home; but soon his step was -slower, and the flush upon his cheek began to deepen. “A noble life was -drawing to a close.” - -On the morning of October 12, 1870, the news flashed over the wires that -General Lee was dead. He had taken cold at a vestry meeting. The church -was cold and damp, and a storm was raging outside. He grew chilly, and -when he reached home was unable to speak. - - [Illustration: GRAVE OF LEE’S FATHER.] - -Mrs. Lee wrote thus of his last hours: - -“My husband came in while we were at tea, and I asked where he had been, -as we had waited some time for him. He did not reply, but stood up as if -to say grace. No words came from his lips, but with a sad smile he sat -down in his chair.” - -He could not speak! A bed was at once brought to the dining-room, and -the doctors sent for. At first he grew better, but soon a change came -for the worse. - -He rarely spoke except when sleeping, and then his thoughts were with -his much-loved soldiers on the “dreadful battlefields.” Among his last -words were, “Tell Hill he must come up.” - -Once when General Custis Lee said something about his getting well, he -shook his head and pointed upward. When his doctor said, to cheer him, -“How do you feel to-day, General?” General Lee said slowly, “I feel -better.” - -The doctor then said: - -“You must make haste and get well. Traveler has been standing so long in -the stable that he needs exercise.” - -The General made no reply, but shook his head and closed his eyes. Once -or twice he put aside his medicine, saying, “It is no use.” - -On October 10th, about midnight, he was seized with a chill and his -pulse became feeble and rapid. The next day he was seen to be sinking. -He knew those around him, but was not able to speak. Soon after nine -o’clock on the morning of the 12th, he closed his eyes on earthly things -and his pure soul took its flight to God. - -It was thought that the strain and hardships of war, with sorrow for the -“Lost Cause” and the griefs of his friends, had caused his death. Yet, -to those who saw his calmness in all the trials of life, it did not seem -true that his great soul had been worn away by them. - -The college chapel was chosen by Mrs. Lee as a burial place for her -husband, and one-and-a-half o’clock P. M. on the 13th of October was the -time fixed on for moving the remains to the chapel, where they were to -lie in state until Saturday, the 15th of October, the day for the -burial. - -At the hour named, a long procession, with Professor J. J. White as -chief marshal, was formed. Old soldiers formed an escort of honor. Just -after the escort came the hearse, preceded by the clergy and twelve -pall-bearers. In rear of the hearse, Traveler, the iron-gray war-horse -of General Lee, was led by two old soldiers. Then followed a long line -of students, cadets and people. - -The body was borne to the college chapel and laid in state upon the -dais, the people passing slowly by, that each one might look upon the -face of the dead. The body was clad in a simple suit of black and lay in -a coffin, strewed by loving hands with rare, pale flowers. The chapel -was then placed in charge of the guard of honor. This guard of students -kept watch by the coffin day and night. - -On the 14th, a funeral service was held in the chapel; and on the 15th -of October, as I have said, the body was home to the tomb. The flag of -Virginia hung at half-mast above the college and a deep gloom rested -upon all. - -As the procession moved off, the bells of the town began to toll, and -the Virginia Military Institute battery fired minute-guns. All was -simple and without display. Not a flag was to be seen along the line. -The Rev. J. William Jones tells us as follows: - -“The old soldiers wore their citizen’s dress, with black ribbon in the -lapel of their coats; and Traveler, with trappings of mourning on his -saddle, was again led by two old soldiers. The Virginia Military -Institute was very beautifully draped, and from its turrets hung at -half-mast, and draped in mourning, the flags of all the States of the -late Southern Confederacy. - -“When the procession reached the Institute, it passed the corps of -cadets drawn up in line, and a guard of honor presented arms as the -hearse went by. When it reached the chapel, where a large throng had -gathered, the students and cadets, about six hundred and fifty strong, -marched into the left door and aisle past the remains and out by the -right aisle and door to their proper place. - -“The rest of the line then filed in, the family, with Drs. Barton and -Madison, and Colonels W. H. Taylor and C. S. Venable, members of General -Lee’s staff during the war, were seated just in front of the pulpit, and -the clergy and the Faculties of the College and Institute had places on -the platform. - -“The coffin was again covered with flowers and evergreens. - -“Then the Rev. Dr. Pendleton, the dear friend of General Lee, his Chief -of Artillery during the war, and his rector the past five years, read -the beautiful burial service of the Episcopal Church. There was no -sermon, and nothing said besides the simple service, as General Lee had -wished. - -“When the body had been placed in the vault, the chaplain read the -concluding service from the bank on the southern side of the chapel, and -then the grand old hymn, - - ‘How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord,’ - -was sung by the people. - -“The vault is of brick and just reaches the floor of the library. Upon -the white marble are these words: - - “‘Robert Edward Lee, - Born January 19, 1807; - Died October 12, 1870.’” - -The white marble top has now been replaced by the beautiful recumbent -statue by Valentine, a Virginia sculptor. - -All the South mourned for Lee. Bells were tolled in cities and villages, -and meetings were held to express the grief of the people. - - [Illustration: RECUMBENT STATUE OF LEE.] - -This is what a little girl wrote to Mrs. Lee: - -“I have heard of General Lee, your husband, and of all his great and -noble deeds during the war. I have also heard lately of his death. I -have read in the papers that collections are being made for the Lee -monument. I have asked my mother to let me send some money that I earned -myself. I made some of the money by keeping the door shut last winter, -and the rest I made by digging up grass in the garden. I send you all I -have. I wish it was more. I am nine now. - - “Respectfully, - “Maggie McIntyre.” - -Many noble men and women also wrote to Mrs. Lee, and money was given, -until now there are two beautiful statues of General Lee—one in -Lexington, where he is buried, and the other in Richmond, the city he -fought so hard to save. - -Virginia mourned for her noble son. The State Legislature passed a bill -making January 19th, the birthday of Robert E. Lee, a legal holiday. - -On that day, all over the South, meetings are held in memory of him, -speeches are made by great men, and children recite poems which honor -his name and deeds. - -Perhaps no man has ever lived, so great, so good, so unselfish as Lee. -Duty was the key-note of his life. In the midst of his greatness he was -humble, simple and gentle. He loved little children wherever he met -them. - -“One day, during the war, a number of little girls were rolling hoops on -the sidewalks in Richmond, when General Lee came riding towards them. -They stopped playing to gaze at so great a man. To their surprise, he -threw his rein to his courier, dismounted, and kissed every one of them. -Then mounting, he rode away, with a sunny smile of childhood in his -heart and plans of great battles in his mind.” - -“While in Petersburg, in the winter of 1864, he went to preaching one -day at a crowded church, and saw a little girl, dressed in faded -garments, standing just inside the door and looking for a seat. ‘Come -with me, my little lady,’ said the great soldier, ‘and you shall sit by -me.’ Thus the great chief and poor child sat side by side.” - -Once when riding in the mountains with one of his daughters, they came -upon a group of children who ran at the sight of him. General Lee called -them back and asked: - -“Why are you running away? Are you afraid of me?” - -“Oh! no, sir; but we are not dressed nice enough to see you.” - -“Why, who do you think I am?” - -“You are General Lee. We know you by your picture.” - -So great was the love of the people for Lee that, after the war, almost -every home had some picture of the great chief. - -General Lee knew all the children in Lexington whom he met in his walks -and rides, and it was charming to see their joy when he would meet them. - -Once, when calling upon the widow of General A. P. Hill, her little girl -met him at the door and held out her puppy which she had named after our -hero. “O, General Lee,” she cried, “here is ‘Bobby Lee’; do kiss him.” -The great man made believe to kiss him and the child was delighted. - -In one of the Sunday-schools of Lexington a prize was offered to the -child who should bring in the most pupils. - -A little boy of five went for his friend, General Lee, to get him to go -to his school. When told that General Lee went to another school, he -said with a deep sigh, “I am very sorry. I wish he could go to our -school, and be my new scholar.” - -General Lee thought it quite funny, and said kindly; - -“Ah! C——, we must all try to be _good Christians_—that is the great -thing. I can’t go to your school to be your new scholar to-day. But I am -very glad you asked me. It shows that you are zealous in a good cause, -and I hope that you will ever be so as you grow up. And I do not want -you to think that I am too old to go to Sunday-school. No one is ever -too old to study the truths of the Bible.” - -When he died, all the schools of Lexington were closed, and the children -wept with the grown people when they heard that their kind friend was -dead. - -A gentleman tells this story, which is quite in keeping with General -Lee’s way of pleasing children:— - -“When my little girl, about four years old, heard of General Lee’s -death, she said to me, ‘Father, I can never forget General Lee.’ I -asked, ‘Why?’ ‘Because, when Maggie and I were playing at the gate the -other day, and General Lee was riding by, he stopped and took off his -hat and bowed to us and said, ‘Young ladies, don’t you think this is the -prettiest horse you ever saw?’ And we said it was a very pretty horse. -‘Oh, no,’ he said; ‘I want to know whether Traveler is not the very -prettiest horse you ever saw in your life.’ And when we looked at him, -and saw how white and gay he was, we said, ‘Yes.’ Then he laughed and -said, ‘Well, if you think he is so pretty, I will just let you kiss -him’; and then he rode off smiling, and I don’t believe I can ever -forget that.” - - [Illustration: GENERAL LEE ON TRAVELER.] - -Another gentleman, who was clerk of the faculty at Washington College, -says that General Lee was very careful about little things. One day the -clerk wrote a letter to some one at General Lee’s request, in which he -used the term “our students.” When General Lee looked at it, he said -that he did not like the phrase “our students.” He said that we had no -property rights in the young men, and he thought it best to say, “_the_ -students,” not “_our_ students.” The clerk struck out with his pen the -word “our” and wrote “the.” He then brought the letter to General Lee. -“This will not answer,” said he. “I want you to write the letter over.” -So the clerk had to make a fresh copy. - -One day General Lee directed him to go to the Mess Hall and measure for -a stove-pipe. “Set the stove in its place on its legs,” he said, “and -measure the height to a point opposite the flue-hole, and then the space -from the joint to the wall.” The man returned with the measure. “Did you -set the stove on its legs?” asked the General. The clerk replied no; -that the legs were packed up inside the stove, and that he simply -allowed for the legs. “But I told you to put the stove on its legs and -then measure. Go back and do as you were told,” said the General, who -was always kind but meant to be obeyed. - -The same gentleman remembers this amusing incident:— - -One day they saw a gentleman coming up the lawn, and wondered who he -was. General Lee shook hands with him as though he knew him, and chatted -for some time. He tried in vain to remember his name. In the meantime -Rev. J. William Jones, whose month it was to lead the services in the -chapel, came up and whispered to General Lee to introduce the strange -clergyman to him, so that he might ask him to conduct the services in -his place. But General Lee, with his own ready tact, said: “Mr. Jones, -it is time for service; you had better go in the chapel.” - -After service, when he could do so without being heard, General Lee -asked Mr. Jones to find out the stranger’s name. He had met him in the -Mexican war but could not recall his name. Mr. Jones did so, and General -Lee, standing near, heard it, and then, without making it known that he -had forgotten his friend of the Mexican war, introduced him to those who -were near. He could not think of hurting the clergyman’s feelings by -letting him know that he had been forgotten. - -General Lee was always careful not to injure what belonged to others. - -“A Southern Girl” tells this story of him: - -“When in Maryland, he gave strict orders that no harm should be done to -property, and was once seen to get down from his horse and put up a -fence-rail that his men had thrown down.” - -This story of General Lee went the rounds of the Southern newspapers in -1864:— - -“On the train to Petersburg, one very cold morning, a young soldier, -with his arm in a sling, was making great efforts to put on his -overcoat. In the midst of his trouble, an officer rose from his seat, -went to him and kindly helped him, drawing the coat gently over the -wounded arm, and then with a few kind words went back to his seat. - -“Now, the officer was not clad in a fine uniform with a gilt wreath on -his collar and many straps on his sleeves, but he had on a plain suit of -gray, with only the three gilt stars which every Confederate colonel -could wear. And yet, he was no other than our chief general, Robert E. -Lee, who is not braver than he is good and modest.” - -In the winter of 1864, some of the cavalry were moved to -Charlottesville, in order to get food for their horses, and not having -much to do, the officers began to attend dances. General Lee, hearing of -this, wrote to his son Robert thus:— - -“I am afraid that Fitz was anxious to get back to the ball. This is a -bad time for such things. * * There are too many Lees on the committee. -I like them all to be at battles, but I can excuse them at balls.” - -It is said that during the seven days’ battle, of which I have told you, -he was sitting under a tree, the shades of evening hiding even the stars -on his coat collar, when a doctor rode up and said: - -“Old man, I have chosen that tree for my field hospital and I want you -to get out of the way.” - -“I will gladly give way when the wounded come up, but in the meantime -there is plenty of room for both of us,” was the reply. - -The angry man was about to make some retort when a staff officer rode up -and spoke to his “old man” as General Lee. - -The doctor then began to make excuse for his rudeness, but General Lee -said quietly: - -“It is no matter, Doctor; there is plenty of room till your wounded come -up.” - -This story is often told of him: In 1864, when General Lee was on the -lines below Richmond, many soldiers came near him and thus brought to -them the fire of the foe. He said to the soldiers: “Men, you had better -go into the back-yard; they are firing up here and you might get hurt.” - -The men obeyed, but saw their dear General walk across the yard and pick -up some object and place it in a tree over his head. They found out that -the object he had risked his life for was only a little bird which had -fallen out of its nest. God had given the stern chief a heart so tender -that he could pause amid a rain of shot and shell to care for a tiny -fallen birdling. - -General Lee dearly loved his horses. Once, when at the springs, he wrote -to his clerk in Lexington and sent this message to his horse, Traveler: -“Tell him I miss him dreadfully.” - -Traveler lived only two years after the death of his master. In the -summer of 1872, when he was fifteen years old, the fine, faithful -animal, that had carried the General through the storms of war and the -calm of his latter years, died of lock-jaw in Lexington. He was noted -for his springy walk, high spirit, and great strength. When a colt, he -was called Jeff. Davis. The General changed his name to Traveler. He was -his most famous war-horse. - -In the summer of 1862, General Lee owned a beautiful war-horse called -Richmond, given to him by some friends in the city of Richmond. But, to -the grief of his master, this pet was short-lived; and what he writes -after his loss, sounds almost as if he were looking back to the death of -a friend: - -“His labors are over, and he is at rest. He carried me very faithfully, -and I shall never have so beautiful an animal again.” - -General Lee was noted for his want of hatred towards any one. He called -the Northern soldiers “those people.” Once, in the midst of a fierce -battle, he said to his son Robert, who was bravely working at a big gun, -“That’s right, my son; drive those people back.” When told of Jackson’s -fatal wound, his eye flashed fire and his face flushed as he thought of -his great loss; but he quietly said: - -“General Jackson’s plans shall be carried out. Those people _shall be_ -driven back _to-day_.” - -The Rev. J. William Jones says—that one day after the war, as he went up -the street, he saw General Lee standing talking to a poor man. As the -man walked away he said to him: “That is one of the old soldiers, and -added, ‘he fought on the other side; but we must not think of that.’” - -After the war, when at the springs, a lady friend pointed to a man near -by and said to General Lee, “That is General ——, of the Federal Army. He -is having quite a dull time. He is here with his daughters, but we do -not care to have anything to do with them.” - -“I am glad that you told me,” said General Lee; “I will see at once that -they have a better time.” - -After that he took pains to make friends with “those people,” and so set -the fashion for others. General —— and his daughters were soon having “a -better time.” - -General Lee was more than brave and tender; he was meek, yet with a -heart big enough to love every one of his soldiers, and great enough to -plan long marches and glorious battles. - -After the battle of Gettysburg, one of his officers rode up and told him -that his men were for the most part killed or wounded. Lee shook hands -with him and said: “All this has been my fault. It is _I_ who have lost -this fight, and you must help me out as best you can.” - -Not once did Lee cast the blame where it belonged, but rode among his -men with such words of cheer as these: “All this will come right in the -end.” “We want all good and true men just now.” “All good men must -rally.” In this way he closed up his broken lines, and showed such a -brave front that Meade did not deem it well to renew the fight. - - [Illustration: PICKETT’S RETURN AFTER THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.] - -Once, when some friends were at his house in Richmond, the Rev. Dr. —— -spoke in sharp terms of the way in which the North had acted. General -Lee said, “Well! it matters little what they may do to me; I am old, and -have but a short time to live at best.” - -When Dr. —— got up to go home, General Lee went with him to the door and -said to him, “Doctor, there is a good book which I read, and which you -preach from, which says, ‘Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, -do good to them that hate you.’ Do you think your speech just now quite -in that spirit?” - -When Dr. —— made some excuse, General Lee said: “I fought the people of -the North because I believed that they were seeking to wrest from the -South her rights. * * * I have never seen the day when I did not pray -for them.” - -One day during the war, as they were looking at the hosts of the foe, -one of his generals said, “I wish those people were all dead!” General -Lee, with that grace which was his own, said, “How can you say so? Now, -I wish that they would all go home and leave us to do the same.” - -At the close of the war, some of our best men went to seek homes in -other lands. This, General Lee deemed wrong. He thought that the men of -the South should stay at home and build up what had been laid waste by -war. He wrote to one of his friends thus: “She (Virginia) has need for -all of her sons, and can ill afford to spare you.” Once more he wrote: -“I think the South needs the aid of her sons more than at any time of -her history. As you ask, I will state that I have no thought of leaving -her.” - -In a word, the welfare of the impoverished, desolated South was his -chief concern. He kept in sight the honor of the South, but not that -hate to the North which brought no good. - -A lady who had lost her husband in the war, and had brought her two sons -to college, spoke in sharp terms of the North to General Lee. He gently -said: “Madam, do not train up your children as foes to the Government of -the United States. * * We are one country now. Bring them up to be -Americans.” Thus did this grand man, with a sad heart, try to do his -duty at all times and on all occasions. - -Though meek in the way I have told you, General Lee was at the same time -too proud to take the aid which, from time to time, his friends would -offer him. They knew that he had lost his “all” by the war, and felt -that he should now be helped, so that he might pass his days without -care. But this proud man would take no aid. When, in a quiet way, the -trustees of the college gave the house in which he lived to Mrs. Lee, -and also the sum of three thousand dollars each year, he wrote, in Mrs. -Lee’s name, a kind but firm letter and declined the gift. - -After his death, they again deeded the home to Mrs. Lee and sent her a -check for a large sum of money. But she, with the pride of her husband, -sent back the check and would not let the funds of the college be taken -for her use. - -General Lee was always neat in his attire. This trait was the cause of -much comment at the time of the “surrender.” - -General Sharp, of the Federal Army, says: - -“It was late in the day when it was known that General Lee had sent for -General Grant. The surrender took place in the left-hand room of an old -house which had a hall-way through it. In that room were a few officers, -of whom I was one. - -“A short space apart sat two men. The larger and taller of the two was -the more striking. His hair was as white as snow. There was not a speck -upon his coat; not a spot upon those gauntlets that he wore, which were -as bright and fair as a lady’s glove. That was Robert E. Lee. The other -was Ulysses S. Grant. His boots were muddy, and he wore no sword. - - [Illustration: LEE AND GRANT.] - -“The words that passed between Lee and Grant were few. General Grant, -while the men wrote out the terms of the surrender, said: ‘General Lee, -I have no sword; I rode all night.’ And General Lee, with the pride -which became him well, made no reply, but in a cold, formal way, bowed. - -“Then General Grant, in the attempt to be polite, said: ‘I don’t always -wear a sword.’ - -“Lee only bowed again. - -“Some one else then said: ‘General Lee, what became of the white horse -you rode in Mexico? He may not be dead yet; he was not so old.’ - -“General Lee again bowed and said: ‘I left him at the White House, on -the Pamunkey river, and I have not seen him since.’ - -“Then there were a few words, which we could not hear, spoken in a low -tone of voice between Grant and Lee. - -“At last, when the terms of surrender had all been signed, Lee arose, -cold and proud, and bowed to each man on our side in the room. And then -he went out and passed down that little square in front of the house, -and mounted the gray horse that had carried him all over Virginia. - -“When he had gone we learned what the low-toned words had meant. General -Grant turned and said: ‘You go and ask each man that has three rations -to turn over two of them, and send them on to General Lee. His men are -on the point of starvation.’” - -This calm, proud man was the same who a few hours before had said: “Then -there is nothing left me but to go and see General Grant, and I would -rather die a thousand deaths.” His superb, proud mien won from the foe -only praise and respect. - -I must here give you General Fitzhugh Lee’s picture of the two generals -at that time: - -“Grant, not yet forty-three years old, five feet eight inches tall, -shoulders slightly stooped, hair and beard nut-brown, wearing a -dark-blue blouse; top-boots, pants inside; dark thread gloves; without -spurs or sword, and no marks of rank save the straps of a general. - -“Lee, fifty-eight years old, six feet tall, hair and beard silver-gray; -a handsome uniform of Confederate gray, buttoned to the throat, with -three stars on collar, fine top-boots with spurs, new gauntlets, and at -his side a splendid sword.” Lee wore his best in honor of the cause for -which he fought. - -General Lee never touched tobacco, brandy or whiskey; he was always a -sober man. Just as he was starting to the Mexican war, a lady in -Virginia gave him a bottle of fine old whiskey, saying that he would be -sure to need it, and that it was very fine. On his return home he sent -the bottle, unopened, to his friend to convince her that he could get -along without whiskey. - -General Lee once proposed to treat some of his officers, saying, “I have -a demijohn which I know _is of the best_.” The demijohn was brought, and -the cups, held out for the treat, were filled to the brim—not with old -“Rye,” but with fresh buttermilk, which a kind lady had sent. The -General seemed to enjoy the joke hugely. - -Being once asked to a fine dinner, he refused all the good dishes, and -said to the lady of the house: “I cannot consent to be feasting while my -poor men are nearly starving.” - -It was his way to send any nice thing he might have to the sick and -wounded in the hospitals. - -A lady relates that when her brother was badly wounded near Petersburg, -he was taken to a tent near a hospital, out of range of the fire of the -foe. One day General Lee came riding up and went in to see the wounded -man. He took him gently by the hand and told him to cheer up and get -well; that he had use for all brave men like him. Then he drew two fine -peaches from his pocket and laid them on the side of the cot. - -Tears trickled down the wounded man’s pale cheeks as he listened to -these kind words, and felt that his chief cared so much for him, a -private soldier. - -Near the close of the war, when meat had become quite scarce, an aide of -President Davis’, being at headquarters, was asked to dine. The meal -spread on the rough board was corn-bread, and a small piece of meat in a -large mess of greens. The aid saw that the meat was not touched, though -General Lee had asked all to take a piece of it. When the meal was over, -the aide asked one of the men why the meat was not eaten. The reply was, -that it had been loaned by a friend to cook with the greens, and had to -be returned. - -It was General Lee’s wish to fare just as his men did. When, during the -siege of Petersburg, Mrs. Lee, fearing the great strain would be too -much for him begged him to take more care of his health, he wrote: “But -what care can a man give to himself in time of war?” He then went on to -say that he lived in a tent in order to be near his men and the officers -with whom he had to act; that he had been offered rooms by kind friends, -but that he could not turn their homes into a camp. - -An English officer wrote this account of Lee’s headquarters in 1862: -“Lee’s headquarters I found were only seven or eight pole-tents, with -their backs to a stake-fence, while a little stream of good water flowed -close by. In front of the tents were three wagons, and a number of -horses roamed over the fields. No guards were seen near, and no crowd of -aids swarmed about. A large farm-house stood close by, which would have -made a good home for the General, but Lee does not let his men rob or -disturb the people, and likes to set them a good example.” - -It was in this way that he gained the great love of his men. - -A short time after the surrender, two ragged Confederates, just from -prison in the North, waited upon the General and said that there were -sixty other fellows around the corner who were too ragged to come. They -had sent these two to offer their loved chief a home in the mountains of -Virginia. “We will give you,” said one of them, “a good house and a fine -farm. We boys will work for you and you shall never want.” - -Tears came to the eyes of General Lee as he told them that he must -decline their gift. The offer of these men was but the feeling of the -whole South. Though poor themselves, they would have given him houses, -lands and money had he let them. - -Just after the war, General Lee received the following letter from one -of his old soldiers: - - “Dear General: - - “We have been fighting hard four years, and now the Yankees have got - us in Libby Prison. They are treating us awful bad. The boys want you - to get us out if you can; but if you can’t, just ride by the Libby and - let us see you and give you a cheer. We will all feel better for it.” - - [Illustration: LIBBY PRISON.] - -This letter touched the tender heart of Lee, as well as this story which -was told to him by Rev. J. William Jones: After the war, the latter was -riding along a road one day, when he saw a young man plowing in a field, -guiding the plow with one hand, for on the other side was an empty -sleeve. - -He soon saw that the man plowing was a soldier whom he had known, and -stopped to speak to him. In fact, he had known the young man from -boyhood; how, at the first tap of the drum he had gone to fight for his -native State; and how he had been maimed for life, and had gone home to -find that he must work with one arm for his bread, as his fortune had -been wrecked by the war. When he told the young man how sad it made him -to see him thus, the latter said: “Oh! it is all right. I thank God that -I have _one_ arm left, and can use it for those I love.” - -When the Rev. Mr. Jones told this to General Lee, his face flushed, and -he said: “What a noble fellow! But it is just like one of our soldiers. -The world has never seen nobler men than those who belonged to the Army -of Northern Virginia.” - -The real corner-stone of Lee’s life was his trust in God. Whatever came -to him he always said, “God’s will be done.” - -The death of the wife of his son, General W. H. Fitzhugh Lee, gave -General Lee much grief. The former General was wounded and taken -prisoner. While in prison his lovely wife died. In this bitter grief, -General Lee wrote to his son these words: - -“My whole trust is in God, and I am ready for whatever He may ordain.” - -While the army was at Mine Run, in November, 1863, and a battle was at -hand, General Lee, with a number of officers riding down the line of -battle, came upon a party of soldiers who were holding a prayer-meeting. -The shooting had begun along the lines, the cannon were already roaring, -and the mind and heart of the great chief were on the battle. Yet, as he -saw these men bent in prayer, he dismounted and joined in the simple -worship. So these humble men led the devotions of their loved General. - -One day in 1865, while riding along the lines with his staff, General -Lee met the Rev. J. William Jones, who was giving tracts to the men in -the trenches. He at once reined in his horse and spoke to this “man of -God,” while the officers crowded around. - -General Lee asked if he ever had calls for prayer-books, and said that -if he would come to his headquarters he would give him some—that a -friend in Richmond had given him a new book; and upon his saying to his -friend that he would give his old book, that he had used ever since the -Mexican war, to some soldier, the friend offered him a dozen new books -for the old one. He had, of course, taken so grand an offer, and now had -twelve, in place of one, to give away. - -When the Rev. Mr. Jones called, General Lee was out, but had left the -books for Mr. Jones with one of his staff. He had written on the -fly-leaf of each book, “Presented by R. E. Lee.” - -We are sure that if any of these books were saved amid the din and -stress of war, they are now much prized by those who own them. - -These are some of the words which General Lee would use when his army -had gained the day: “Thanks be to God.” “God has again crowned the valor -of our troops with success.” Again, upon a fast-day, he said in an -order, “Soldiers! let us humble ourselves before the Lord our God, -asking, through Christ, the forgiveness of our sins.” - -With the close of the war, the piety of this great man seemed to -increase. His seat at church was always filled, unless he was kept away -by sickness, and he was ever ready for good works. He did not find fault -with preachers, as so many do, but was most fond of those who were -simple and true to the teachings of the Bible. - -Once he said to a friend: “Do you think that it would be any harm for me -to hint to Mr. —— that we should be glad if he made his _morning -prayers_ a little short? You know our friend makes this prayer too long. -He prays for the Jews, the Turks, and the heathen, and runs into the -hour for our College recitations. Would it be wrong for me to hint to -Mr. —— that he confine his morning prayers to us _poor sinners at the -College_, and pray for the Turks, the Jews, the Chinese, and other -heathen some other time?” - -General Lee was a constant reader of the Bible. One of his friends -relates that, as he watched beside his body the day after death, he -picked up from the table a well-worn pocket Bible, in which was written -in his own hand, “R. E. Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel of U. S. Army.” This -little book had been the light of his pathway through many trials. - -General Lee gave freely of his small means to his church and to the -poor. At a vestry meeting which took place the evening of his illness, -the sum of fifty-five dollars was needed for the pay of the Rector. -Though he had before given his share, General Lee said in a low voice, -“I will give the sum.” These were the last words he spoke to the vestry, -and this giving was his last public act. - -His love for his wife and children is shown by the tender, loving -letters he wrote when away from them. During the Civil War his anxiety -for them was great. - -Just before the Northern army crossed the Potomac, in 1861, Mrs. Lee -left her beautiful home, Arlington, and came South. Arlington was at -once seized by the Northern Government, and the grounds were taken for a -burial-place for the Northern soldiers. - -Mrs. Lee and her daughters then sought a home at the “White House,” on -the Pamunkey river, where Washington married the “Widow Custis,” and -which had been left by Mr. Custis to one of General Lee’s sons. Mrs. Lee -and her daughters were soon driven from there by the hosts of McClellan, -and the house was burned to the ground. At last, they found a home in -Richmond, where they lived until the close of the war. - - [Illustration: RESIDENCE OF GENERAL LEE IN RICHMOND.] - -Mrs. Lee’s health had failed, but a large part of her time was spent in -knitting socks for the poor bare-footed soldiers of the South. Her brave -daughters, also, knit socks, and nursed the sick and wounded soldiers. - -Those were sad times, and the Lee family suffered most heavily. - -The death of her noble husband was a great shock to Mrs. Lee, who was -then not able to walk without aid. She did not survive him many years, -and now rests beside him in the College chapel at Lexington, Virginia. -Their daughter Agnes, who died shortly after her father, is buried in -the same place. - - [Illustration: MARY CUSTIS LEE.] - -Close by is the grave of Stonewall Jackson. How meet that these two -friends and heroes should rest so near each other! - -The blue mountains of their loved Virginia keep “watch and ward” over -their graves; and each year, pilgrims from every part of the land come -to visit their tombs and place fresh flowers and green wreaths upon -them. - -General Custis Lee was made President of the College in his father’s -place. The College is now called the “Washington and Lee University,” -after Washington and Lee, the two great names in the history of our -country. - - - Cŏn′cōurse, a crowd of people. - Cou′rier (kōō′rier), a man who carries an order for an officer. - Pĭl′grim, a traveler to holy places. - - Tell me— - What General Lee became in 1865. - Something about his work. - His visit to the South in 1870. - His illness and death. - What day is kept throughout the South in memory of Lee? - About Mrs. Lee. - The tomb of Lee. - Washington and Lee University. - - [Illustration: LEE’S COAT OF ARMS.] - - - - - CHAPTER VII. - A People’s Hero. - - -After the death of General Lee, many speeches were made in his praise, -and many letters were written telling of the sorrow of his friends. -These letters came not only from the South, but from the North, and -other lands. - -The New York _Sun_ thus closes its notice: - -“His death will awaken great grief through the South, and many people in -the North will drop a tear of sorrow on his bier. * * * In General Lee, -an able Soldier, a sincere Christian, and an honest man has been taken -from earth.” - -The New York _Herald_ said these kind words of him: - -“In a quiet autumn morning, in the land he loved so well, and, as he -held, he had served so faithfully, the spirit of Robert E. Lee left the -clay which it had so much ennobled, and traveled out of this world into -the great and unknown land. * * * - - [Illustration: GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE.] - -“Not to the Southern people alone shall be limited the tribute of a tear -over the dead Virginian. Here in the North, forgetting that the time was -when the sword of Robert E. Lee was drawn against us, we have long since -ceased to look upon him as the Confederate leader, but have claimed him -as one of ourselves; for Robert Edward Lee was an American, and the -great nation which gave him birth would to-day be unworthy of such a son -if she looked upon him lightly.” - -The Pall Mall _Gazette_, London, England, said: - -“The news from America, that General Robert E. Lee is dead, will be -received with great sorrow by many in this country, as well as by his -fellow-soldiers in America. - -“It is but a few years since Robert E. Lee ranked among the great men of -his time. He was the able soldier of the Southern Confederacy, the -leader who twice threatened, by the capture of Washington, to turn the -tide of success and cause a revolution which would have changed the -destiny of the United States.” - -The London _Standard_ gave this tribute to Lee: - -“A country which has given birth to men like him, and those who followed -him, may look the chivalry of Europe in the face without shame; for the -lands of Sidney and of Bayard never brought forth a nobler soldier, -gentleman and Christian, than Robert E. Lee.” - -He was called “the great captain of his age”—“the great general of the -South”—“a good knight, noble of heart and strong of purpose, and both a -soldier and a gentleman.” - -These beautiful words were said of him in a speech soon after his death: - -“General Lee’s fame is not bounded by the limits of the South, nor by -the continent. I rejoice that the South gave him birth. I rejoice that -the South will hold his ashes. But his fame belongs to the human race. -Washington, too, was born in the South and sleeps in the South, but his -fame belongs to mankind. We place the name of Lee by that of Washington. -They both belong to the world. - -“There is one thing more I wish to say before I take my seat. General -Lee’s fame ought to rest on its true foundation. He did not draw his -sword in the cause of slavery—he did not seek to overthrow the -Government of the United States. He drew it in the defense of -constitutional liberty. That cause is not dead, but will live forever.” - -General W. Preston spoke of him thus: - -“I knew him first when he was a captain. * * At that time, General Scott -had decided upon General Lee as a man who would make his mark if he were -ever called upon to do great work. He never drank, he never swore an -oath, but there was never a dispute among gentlemen in which his voice -was not more potent than any other; his rare calmness and dignity were -above all. When the war came on, he followed his native State, Virginia. -* * Scott maintained that Lee was the greatest soldier in the army. * * - -“I remember when Scott made use of these words: ‘I tell you one thing, -if I were on my death-bed, and knew that a battle was to be fought for -my country, and the President were to say to me, ‘Scott, who shall -command?’ I tell you that, with my dying breath, I would say Robert Lee. -Nobody but Robert Lee! Robert Lee, and nobody but Lee!” - -These extracts would not be complete without this one, bearing upon his -life as a teacher: - -“And it is an honor for all the colleges of the South, and for all our -schools, that this pure and bright name is joined by the will of him -that bore it with the cause of education. We believe that, so long as -the name of Lee is cherished by Southern teachers, they will grow -stronger in their work. They will be encouraged to greater efforts when -they remember that Lee was one of their number, and that his great -heart, that had so bravely borne the fortunes of an empire, bore also, -amid its latest aspirations, the interests and hopes of the teacher.” - -A great public honor was paid to our hero when the bronze statue by -Mercié (Mersea) was unveiled in Richmond. - -Shortly after the death of General Lee, a few ladies met in a parlor in -Richmond and formed a society known as the Ladies’ Lee Monument -Association. Their plan was to erect a monument in Richmond to the -memory of the great chief, and to collect funds for this purpose from -the entire South. They began at once their labor of love. Though the -South was at that time very poor, the people gave gladly of their small -means until the Ladies’ Association had collected over fifteen thousand -dollars. - -Almost at the same time, another “Lee Monument Association” was formed -of the old soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy, which had General -Jubal A. Early for its president. The ladies of the Hollywood Memorial -Association were asked to help, and they proved great workers in the -cause. - -I cannot tell you the many ways in which these and other societies -worked to raise the money, but at last there was enough in the treasury -to erect the statue. - -In the meantime, General Fitzhugh Lee was made Governor of Virginia, and -he at once began to take measures to bring about the erection of the -monument. By his efforts a “Board of Managers” was appointed, whose work -was to choose the design, the artist, and the site for the monument. The -Allen lot, in the western part of the city, was at last chosen for the -site, and was accepted as the gift of Mr. Otway Allen, June 18th, 1887. -It was then the duty of the Board to find a sculptor worthy to execute -this great work. - -After many trials, the Board selected Monsieur Mercie, a Frenchman, who -was both a painter and a sculptor of note. In the summer of 1887, the -best photographs of General Lee, as well as one of his shoes and his -uniform, were sent to the sculptor. A small spur, such as General Lee -wore, was taken over to France by Miss Randolph, who was one of the -Board of Managers. Monsieur Mercie told her that when General Lee’s shoe -was sent to him, there was no one in his household, except his -twelve-year-old boy, with a foot small enough to wear it. - -In working out the likeness to General Lee, Monsieur Mercie had the good -fortune to have Miss Mary Lee, who was then in Paris, as a critic of his -work. - -On the 27th of October, 1887, the cornerstone was laid with splendid -rites, and on the 3rd of May, 1890, the statue reached Richmond by way -of New York. It was packed in three boxes. On the 7th of May, each box -was placed in a separate wagon, from which waved the flags of Virginia -and the Confederacy. Then, one wagon was drawn by men of the city, one -by old soldiers, and one by women and girls—the fine lady and her humble -sister standing shoulder to shoulder. They went through the city, -pulling the ropes amid the cheers of twenty thousand people, until they -came to the spot where the statue was to stand. Such was their love for -Lee! The monument in all is about sixty-one feet in height, and cost -sixty-five thousand dollars. It shows the General mounted upon his -war-horse, Traveler. His feet touch the stirrups lightly, after the -manner of the Southern horsemen. He is clad in a plain uniform. A sash -girds his waist, and the sword of a cavalry officer hangs from his side. -He holds the bridle reins in his left hand, while in his right is his -hat, which he grasps as if he had just taken it off to acknowledge the -cheers of his men, through whose ranks we may suppose him to be passing. - -The day decided upon for unveiling the statue was Friday, May 29th, -1890. - -From North, South, East and West, people thronged to do honor to the -great chief. - -All the city was then thinking of one man—Lee, just as, twenty-five -years before, all their hopes had turned to him. - -On that day, the sun rose bright and the people with it. Soon, the noise -of tramping feet and the tap of the drum were heard, and ere long the -glitter of bayonets, the flashing of sabers and the waving of flags told -that the line was forming. The streets were crowded, and rang with -cheers as some noted soldier rode by or an old Confederate flag was -waved. - -At noon, the long line was formed on Broad street, and the parade began. -Every window, doorway, and even the house-tops along the line of march, -were filled with people eager to see the great parade, which stretched -through the streets four miles in moving mass. - -General Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of the hero, who had been one of his most -daring cavalry generals during the war, and who had formerly been -Governor of Virginia, was chief marshal of the parade. Cheer after cheer -arose as he rode by, wearing the slouch hat of a cavalryman. “Our Fitz,” -as his men loved to call him, “was himself again.” - -The guests rode in open carriages, and among them were Misses Mary and -Mildred Lee; and General W. H. Fitzhugh Lee, wife and sons. They were -followed by band after band of volunteer troops from all the Southern -States, in the following order: South Carolina, North Carolina, -Mississippi, Texas, Maryland, District of Columbia, Alabama, West -Virginia and Virginia. Behind these marched the veterans—men who had -fought in the Civil War, and who came from all parts of the South. Brave -men were there from Texas, the far-off “Lone Star State.” With the -veteran troops from Louisiana was “the old war-horse” Longstreet, who -had led the First Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia; and at the -head of the Georgia men was the tried and true Gordon. Gallant sons of -Florida, Mississippi and Alabama were in line with the brave men of -North and South Carolina. Veterans from Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, -Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia were also there to honor the memory -of their leader. - -Whenever and wherever these veterans were seen, they were greeted with -hearty cheers. Some were clad in their old gray uniforms, faded and -worn, and in many cases, full of bullet-holes. Here and there along the -line could be seen the old and tattered flags of the Confederacy. - -After the veterans, came the civic orders in Richmond, the students of -Washington and Lee University, and the corps of cadets from the historic -Virginia Military Institute. - -The cross-bars and battle-flags of the Confederacy floated in the breeze -by the side of the “Stars and Stripes,” which meant that the people of -the United States were one nation. - -As the line moved along the streets decked with floating flags and gay -bunting, the sound of the many feet was lost in loud and hearty cheers -that arose from doors, house-tops and crowded sidewalks. - -At last, the throng at the grandstand heard the roll of the drum and the -nearing din of the parade, and soon the bright line swept into view. The -crowd was so dense that persons on the grandstand could not be seen by -those on the ground. Ringing cheers arose, not once, but time and time -again, as the great men took their places on the stand, and it was as -late as 3:45 o’clock P. M. when Governor McKinney stepped forward to -make the opening speech. - -Then there was prayer by Rev. Dr. Minnigerode, who was rector of St. -Paul’s church during the war, at which church General Lee worshiped when -in Richmond. - -When the prayer ended, the band played Dixie, the war-song of the South, -with whose strains the old soldiers had so often been thrilled as they -marched into battle. Then there was a great noise which at last wore -itself away, and General Early rose and spoke a few words of cheer to -the old soldiers. - -The orator of the day was Colonel Archer Anderson, who pictured scene -after scene in the life of General Lee with great force and clearness. -Again the grand hero seemed to live and act in their midst—to lead them -on to victory or to teach them how to bear defeat. - -When the speaker took his seat, amid cheers, General Joseph E. Johnston -arose and with two old soldiers marched to the base of the monument. -Each of the soldiers carried a battle flag, tattered and torn by shot -and shell. When the monument was reached, General Johnston pulled the -rope, and one part of the veil fell off. Another pull brought off the -rest of the veil, and the splendid statue was in plain view of the eager -multitude. A score of old soldiers mounted its base and waved their old -Confederate flags in loyal, eager love for their dead chief. Mighty -cheers broke from the watching throng, like the wild breaking of a -storm, but at last they died away. - -Up there, against the blue sky, kissed by the rays of the setting sun, -in the midst of his own people, was the matchless face and form of Lee. - -Some wept, others shouted, but all thanked God that he had given to -America such a son as Lee. - -Seldom had men looked on such a scene before. At last the crowd went -slowly away, leaving their hero in bronze to keep silent watch over the -city he loved so well. Beneath him were the homes of his friends, and -beyond, in “Hollywood” and “Oakwood,” Richmond’s “cities of the dead,” -were the graves of his fallen heroes, and far away, across and a-down -the James, were his battlefields. - -As time rolls on, statue and city will pass away. But the name and -virtues of Robert E. Lee will never die, for they are written in the -history of his country and in the Book of Life, and will live beyond the -shores of Time. - - - Monsieur (mōsyur′), a French word for Mr. - Sincēré′, honest. - Acknowledge (aknŏl′eg), to own a gift or favor. - Pōt′ent, strong, having power. - Sĭd′ney, an English patriot. - Bayard (bā′yär′), a French hero. - Pā′triot, one who loves his country. - - Tell about— - A great honor paid to Lee. - The laying of the corner-stone. - The monument. - The parade. - The unveiling. - The undying fame of Lee. - - [Illustration: FINIS] - - - - - GENERAL R. E. LEE’S - Farewell Address to His Soldiers. - - - Headquarters Army Northern Virginia, - Appomattox C. H., April 10, 1865. - - General Orders No. 9. - - After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and - fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield - to overwhelming numbers and resources. - - I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles, who have - remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to this result - from no distrust of them; but, feeling that valor and devotion could - accomplish nothing that would compensate for the loss that must have - attended a continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the - useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to - their countrymen. - - By the terms of the Agreement, Officers and men can return to their - homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the - satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully - performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you - His blessing and protection. With an unceasing admiration of your - constancy and devotion to your Country, and a grateful remembrance of - your kind and generous consideration for myself, I bid you all an - Affectionate Farewell. - - [Illustration: R E Lee] - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - ---Copyright notice provided as in the original—this e-text is public - domain in the country of publication. - ---Created cover and spine images based on elements of the printed book. - ---Added a Table of Contents based on chapter headings in the printed - book. - ---In the text versions, delimited italics text in _underscores_ (the - HTML version reproduces the font form of the printed book.) - ---Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and - dialect unchanged. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For -Children, by Mary L. Williamson - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEN. ROBERT E. 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margin-right:auto; max-width:25em; } - - dl.undent { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:25em; } - dl.undent dd { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; } - dl.undent dt { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } - - dl.int { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; max-width:25em; } - dl.int dt {margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } - dl.int dd {margin-left:2em; } -</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For Children, by -Mary L. Williamson - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For Children - -Author: Mary L. Williamson - -Release Date: October 3, 2019 [EBook #60410] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEN. ROBERT E. LEE *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="img"> -<img class="cover" id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, for Children" width="500" height="728" /> -</div> -<div class="img" id="pic1"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="672" /> -<p class="caption">UNVEILING OF LEE MONUMENT -<br />At Richmond, Va., Friday, May 29, 1890.</p> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1><span class="small">THE LIFE</span> -<br /><span class="smallest">OF</span> -<br /><span class="sc">Gen. Robert E. Lee</span>, -<br /><span class="small">FOR CHILDREN, -<br /><span class="sc">In Easy Words</span>.</span></h1> -<p class="center">ILLUSTRATED.</p> -<p class="center">MRS. MARY L. WILLIAMSON.</p> -<p class="center smaller">Harrisonburg, Virginia -<br />SPRINKLE PUBLICATIONS -<br />1989</p> -</div> -<p class="center smaller">Copyright, 1895, -<br />BY -<br /><span class="sc">Mrs.</span> MARY L. WILLIAMSON.</p> -<p class="center small">Sprinkle Publications -<br />P. O. Box 1094 -<br />Harrisonburg, Va. 22801</p> -<h2><span class="h2line1">PREFACE.</span></h2> -<p>In preparing the “Life of Lee for Children,” for use -in the Public Schools, I beg leave to place before teachers -good reasons for employing it as a supplementary reader.</p> -<p>First, I urge the need of interesting our children in -history at an early age. From observation I find that the -minds of children who study history early expand more -rapidly than those who are restricted to the limits of -stories in readers. While teaching pupils to read, why -not fix in their minds the names and deeds of our great -men, thereby laying the foundation of historical knowledge -and instilling true patriotism into their youthful -souls?</p> -<p>Secondly, in looking over the lives of our American -heroes we find not one which presents such a picture of -moral grandeur as that of Lee. Place this picture before -the little ones and you cannot fail to make them look -upward to noble ideals.</p> -<p>This little book is intended as auxiliary to third -readers. I have used the diacritical marks of Webster, -also his syllabication. In compiling this work I referred -chiefly to Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s “Life of Lee,” and -Rev. J. William Jones’ “Personal Reminiscences of -R. E. Lee.” -<span class="jr"><span class="sc">Mary L. Williamson.</span></span></p> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0"><span class="sc">New Market, Va.</span>,</p> -<p class="t4">September 28, 1898.</p> -</div> -<h2><span class="h2line1">The Sword of Robert Lee.</span></h2> -<p class="center small">Words by <span class="sc">Moina</span>. Music by <span class="sc">Armand</span>.</p> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">Forth from its scabbard, pure and bright,</p> -<p class="t2">Flashed the sword of Lee!</p> -<p class="t0">Far in the front of the deadly fight,</p> -<p class="t0">High o’er the brave, in the cause of right,</p> -<p class="t0">Its stainless sheen, like a beacon light,</p> -<p class="t2">Led us to victory.</p> -</div> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">Out of its scabbard, where full long</p> -<p class="t2">It slumbered peacefully—</p> -<p class="t0">Roused from its rest by the battle-song,</p> -<p class="t0">Shielding the feeble, smiting the strong,</p> -<p class="t0">Guarding the right, and avenging the wrong—</p> -<p class="t2">Gleamed the sword of Lee!</p> -</div> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">Forth from its scabbard, high in air,</p> -<p class="t2">Beneath Virginia’s sky,</p> -<p class="t0">And they who saw it gleaming there,</p> -<p class="t0">And knew who bore it, knelt to swear</p> -<p class="t0">That where that sword led they would dare</p> -<p class="t2">To follow and to die.</p> -</div> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">Out of its scabbard! Never hand</p> -<p class="t2">Waved sword from stain as free,</p> -<p class="t0">Nor purer sword led braver band,</p> -<p class="t0">Nor braver bled for a brighter land,</p> -<p class="t0">Nor brighter land had a cause as grand,</p> -<p class="t2">Nor cause a chief like Lee!</p> -</div> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">Forth from its scabbard! All in vain!</p> -<p class="t2">Forth flashed the sword of Lee!</p> -<p class="t0">’Tis shrouded now in its sheath again,</p> -<p class="t0">It sleeps the sleep of our noble slain,</p> -<p class="t0">Defeated, yet without a stain,</p> -<p class="t2">Proudly and peacefully.</p> -</div> -<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> -<dl class="toc"> -<dt class="jr"><span class="jl"><span class="sc">Chapter</span></span> <span class="small"><span class="sc">Page</span></span></dt> -<dt><span class="cn">I. </span><a href="#c1">Birth and Youth.</a> 9</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">II. </span><a href="#c2">A Young Engineer.</a> 18</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">III. </span><a href="#c3">A Cavalry Officer.</a> 28</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">IV. </span><a href="#c4">A Confederate General.</a> 45</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">V. </span><a href="#c5">A Confederate General. (Continued.)</a> 62</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">VI. </span><a href="#c6">A College President.</a> 99</dt> -<dt><span class="cn">VII. </span><a href="#c7">A People’s Hero.</a> 151</dt> -<dt><span class="cn"> </span><a href="#c8">GENERAL R. E. LEE’S Farewell Address to His Soldiers.</a> 169</dt> -</dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div> -<h1 title="">The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee.</h1> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER I.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">Birth and Youth.</span></h2> -<p>Robert Edward Lee was born at Stratford, -Westmoreland county, Virginia, on the 19th -of January, 1807.</p> -<p>His father, General Henry Lee, had been -a great chief in Washington’s army. They -sometimes call him “Light-Horse Harry -Lee.” While with Washington, he was ever -in front of the foe, and his troopers were -what they always should be—the eyes and -ears of the army.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div> -<p>After the war he was Governor of Virginia, -and then a member of Congress. It -was he who said in a speech made before -Congress after the death of Washington, that -he was “First in war, first in peace, and -first in the hearts of his countrymen.” He -also said, “Virginia is my country; her will -I obey, however sad the fate to which it may -subject me.”</p> -<p>The long line of Lees may be traced back -to Launcelot Lee, of Loudon, in France, who -went with William the Conqueror upon his -expedition to England; and when Harold -had been slain upon the bloody field of Hastings, -Launcelot was given by William the -Conqueror an estate in Essex. From that -time the name of Lee is ever an honorable -one in the history of England.</p> -<p>In the time of the first Charles, Richard -Lee came to the New World and found a -home in Virginia. He was a man of good -stature, sound sense, and kind heart. From -him the noble stock of Virginia Lees began. -He was the great-great-grandfather of Robert, -who was much like him in many ways.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div> -<p>Robert’s mother was Anne Hill Carter, -who came from one of the best families of -Virginia. She was a good and noble woman, -who lived only to train her children in the -right way.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic2"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="556" /> -<p class="caption">STRATFORD.</p> -</div> -<p>Stratford, the house in which Robert was -born, is a fine old mansion, built in the shape -of the letter H, and stands not far from the -banks of the Potomac River and near the -birthplace of Washington. Upon the roof -were summer houses, where the band played, -while the young folks walked in the grounds -below, and enjoyed the cool air from the river -and the sweet music of the band.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div> -<p>He had two brothers and two sisters. His -brothers were named Charles Carter and Sidney -Smith, and his sisters Anne and Mildred.</p> -<p>When Robert was but four years of age -his father moved to Alexandria, a city not -very far from the Stratford House, where he -could send his boys to better schools. But -he was not able to stay with them and bring -them up to manhood. Shortly after he had -moved to Alexandria, he was hurt in Baltimore -by a mob of bad men, and he was -never well again.</p> -<p>When Robert was six years old, his father -went to the West Indies for his health. -While there he wrote kind letters to his son, -Charles Carter Lee, and spoke with much love -of all. Once he said, “Tell me of Anne. Has -she grown tall? Robert was always good.” -He wished to know, also, if his sons rode and -shot well, saying that a Virginian’s sons should -be taught to ride, shoot, and tell the truth.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div> -<p>When he had been there five years, and -only grew worse, he made up his mind to -return home. But he grew so ill that he -was put ashore on Cumberland Island at the -home of a friend. He soon gave up all hope -of life. At times his pain was so great that -he would drive his servants and every one -else out of the room. At length an old -woman, who had been Mrs. Greene’s best -maid, was sent to nurse him. The first -thing General Lee did when she came into -the room was to hurl his boot at her head. -Without a word, she picked up the boot and -threw it back at him. A smile passed over -the old chief’s face as he saw how brave she -was, and from that time to the day of his -death none but Mom Sarah -could wait on him. Two -months after the sick soldier -landed he was dead. His -body was laid to rest amid -the cedars and flowers of -the South, and it has never -been moved to Virginia.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic3"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="356" /> -<p class="caption">MOM SARAH.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div> -<p>At this time Robert was only eleven years -old. If he was a good boy, it was his mother -who kept him so, for he never knew a father’s -care. His mother once said to a friend, -“How can I spare Robert! He is both a -son and a daughter to me.”</p> -<p>About that time the girls and other boys -were away from home, and she had no one -but Robert to care for her. He took the -keys and “kept house” for her when she -was sick, and also saw to all of her outdoor -work. He would run home from school to -ride out with her, so that she might enjoy -the fresh air and sunshine. When she -would complain of the cold or draughts, he -would pull out a great jackknife and stuff -the cracks with paper, for the coach was an -old one.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div> -<p>So he grew up by her side, a good and -noble boy. At first he went to school to a -Mr. Leary, who was ever his firm friend. -Then he went to the school of Mr. Benjamin -H. Hallowell, who always spoke of him as a -fine young man.</p> -<p>Robert was fond of hunting, and would -sometimes follow the hounds all day. In -this way he gained that great strength which -was never known to fail him in after life.</p> -<p>The old home, in Alexandria, where his -mother had lived, was always a sacred place -to him. Years after, one of his friends saw -him looking sadly over the fence of the garden -where he used to play. “I am looking,” -he said, “to see if the old snow-ball trees are -still here. I should be sorry to miss them.”</p> -<p>When he was eighteen years old, he went -to West Point to learn to be a soldier. He -was there four years, and in that time never -got a bad mark or demerit. His clothes -always looked neat and clean, and his gun -bright. In short, he kept the rules of the -school and studied so well that he came out -second in his class.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div> -<p>When he came home from West Point, he -found his mother’s old coachman, Nat, very -ill. He took him at once -to the South and nursed -him with great care. But -the spring-time saw the -good old slave laid in the -grave by the hand of his -kind young master.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic4"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="224" height="300" /> -<p class="caption">UNCLE NAT.</p> -</div> -<p>Not very long after, his -dear mother grew quite ill. -He sat by her bedside day and night, and -gave her all her food and medicine with his -own hand. But his great care and love could -not save her. He was soon bereft of her to -whom he used to say he “owed everything.”</p> -<p>Some one has said, “Much has been written -of what the world owes to ‘Mary, the -mother of Washington’; but it owes scarcely -less to ‘Anne, the mother of Lee.’”</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Gĕn′-er-al, the head of an army.</dd> -<dd>Ex′-pe-dĭ′-tion, a voyage; a trip, with an aim in view.</dd> -<dd>Stăt′-ūre, height.</dd> -<dd>Dråughts (dråfts), currents of air.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div> -<dl class="undent"><dt>Tell what you remember about—</dt> -<dd>Robert’s father.</dd> -<dd>Robert’s mother.</dd> -<dd>The situation of his home.</dd> -<dd>Robert’s kindness to his mother.</dd> -<dd>His life at West Point.</dd></dl> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p05a.jpg" alt="{uncaptioned}" width="500" height="163" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_18">18</div> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER II.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A Young Engineer.</span></h2> -<p>In 1829, when twenty-two years old, Robert -entered the Engineer Corps of the United -States, and thus became Lieutenant Lee.</p> -<p>It is the duty of these -engineers in time of peace, -to plan forts, to change -the course of rivers which -make sand-banks at wrong -places, and to do other -work of the same kind. -Lieutenant Lee was sent -at once to Hampton Roads, -in Virginia, to build strong -works, not dreaming that in after years it -would be his fate to try to pull them down.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic5"> -<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="" width="349" height="500" /> -<p class="caption">ROBERT E. LEE, -<br />Lieut. of Engineers.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div> -<p>Lieutenant Lee was married on the 30th -of June, 1831, to Mary Custis, who was the -great-granddaughter of Mrs. Washington, -and the only child of George Parke Custis, -the adopted son of Washington. She lived -at a fine old place on the Virginia bank of -the Potomac River, called Arlington. At -this time Lieutenant Lee was very handsome -in face and tall and erect in figure.</p> -<p>Two years after his marriage he was sent -to the city of Washington. This change -was pleasant to him, for he was then near -the home of his wife.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic6"> -<img src="images/p06a.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="223" /> -<p class="caption">ARLINGTON.</p> -</div> -<p>In 1837 he was sent to St. Louis to find -means to keep the great Mississippi River -in its own bed. It was a hard task, but he -at last forced the mighty river into the -channel he wished. While at work, some -men, who did not know what great things -he could do, tried to drive his workmen -away, and even -brought up cannon. -Lee did -not mind them, -but went on -with his work, -and soon had the great river to flow in the -right place.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_20">20</div> -<p>From St. Louis he was sent to New York -to plan and build new forts to protect that -great city. He was now a captain of engineers, -and was soon to try the horrors of -war.</p> -<p>In 1846, a war broke out between the -United States and Mexico. “Engineers are -of as much use to an army as sails to ships.” -They have to make roads and bridges, to -plant big guns and draw maps, and guide -the men when going to fight.</p> -<p>At first, Captain Lee was sent to join General -Wool, in the north of Mexico. Not long -before the battle of Buena Vista (Bwā′-nä-vees-tä), -General Wool sent Lee to see where -Santa Anna, the general of the Mexicans, -had placed his army. News had come that -he was not far off.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic7"> -<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="489" /> -<p class="caption">MEXICO.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div> -<p>Lee rode, with only one man to guide -him, into the mountains. After he had been -riding for some hours, he saw on a hill-side -the smoke of fires, and objects which he -thought were tents. He went on, in a very -cautious way, till he had gotten quite near. -Then, he saw the white objects were only -flocks of sheep and herds of cattle and mules -on the way to market. He found out from -the men driving them that Santa Anna had -not crossed the mountains, and then went -back to his friends, who thought that they -would never see him again.</p> -<p>Though he had ridden forty miles that -night, he rested but three hours before -taking a troop of horsemen and going far -into the mountains to find out just where -Santa Anna had gone with his army.</p> -<p>Soon after this brave deed, Captain Lee -was sent to join General Scott in the south -of Mexico. He was put to work at Vera -Cruz (Vā-rä-krōōs), a large town on the coast. -There was a high wall, with strong forts -around Vera Cruz. General Scott wished -to take this city from the Mexicans. So -Captain Lee had to plant big guns and -build forts; and to do this he worked night -and day.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div> -<p>As they were short of men, he was told to -take some sailors from a man-of-war to help -with the work. These men began to complain -loudly. “They did not enlist to dig -dirt, and they did not want to work under -a landlubber anyhow.” Their captain said -to Lee, “The boys don’t want any dirt to -hide behind; they want to get on the <i>top</i>, -where they can have a fair fight.” Lee -quietly showed his orders, and told the old -“salt” he meant to carry them out, and -pushed on the work ’mid curses both loud -and deep.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_23">23</div> -<p>Just as the work was done, the Mexicans -began to fire their guns at that point, and -these brave sons of the sea were glad enough -to hide behind the “bank of dirt.” Not -long after, their captain met Captain Lee and -said, “I suppose the dirt did save some of -my boys. But I knew that we would have -no use for dirt-banks on shipboard, that -there what we want is a clear deck and an -open sea. And the fact is, Captain, I don’t -like this land fighting anyway; <i>it ain’t clean</i>.”</p> -<p>Vera Cruz was taken by General Scott in -two weeks’ time. Then the men went on -over hills and vales, till they came to the -strong fort on Cerro Gordo. Captain Lee -then found a way to lead the Americans to -the rear of the Mexicans, who soon broke -and fled.</p> -<p>While this battle was raging, Captain Lee -heard the cries of a little girl, and found by -the side of a hut a Mexican drummer boy. -His arm had been badly hurt and a large -Mexican, who had been shot, had fallen on -him. Captain Lee stopped, had the big -Mexican thrown off of the boy, and the little -fellow moved to a place of safety.</p> -<p>His little sister stood by. Her large -black eyes were streaming with tears, her -hands were crossed upon her breast, and her -hair in one long plait reached to her waist. -Her feet and arms were bare. She was very -thankful to Captain Lee for saving her -brother.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div> -<div class="img" id="pic8"> -<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="444" /> -<p class="caption">CAPTAIN LEE RESCUING DRUMMER BOY.</p> -</div> -<p>In a letter to his son from this place, he -says: “I thought of you, my dear Custis, -on the 18th in the battle, and wondered, -when the musket balls and grape were -whistling over my head, where I could put -you, if with me, to be safe. I was truly -thankful you were at school, I hope, learning -to be good and wise. You have no idea -what a horrible sight a battle-field is.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_25">25</div> -<p>From Cerro Gordo, they went on fighting -battles until they came to the large and rich -city of Mexico.</p> -<p>On this march, Captain Lee was always -at the front to guide the men. Once, when -one part of General Scott’s army had lost its -way, General Scott sent <i>seven</i> engineers to -guide it into the right road. They had to -cross a huge, rough bed of lava and rock. -<i>Six</i> of them went back to camp, saying that -they could not get across; but, Captain Lee -pressed on in the dark, alone and on foot, -and brought the men out in safety. General -Scott once said that it was the greatest -feat done by any <i>one man</i> during the war.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div> -<p>There were many battles fought, but at -last the city of Mexico was taken by General -Scott. In after years, this great man -was heard to say that his great success in -Mexico was largely due to the skill and -valor of Robert E. Lee, and that he was the -<i>best soldier</i> that he ever saw in the field.</p> -<p>In the midst of all this fighting, his boys -were ever in his thoughts. This is a part of -what he wrote to his son Custis on Christmas-Eve, -1846:</p> -<p>“I hope good Santa Claus will fill my -Rob’s stocking to-night; that Mildred’s, -Agnes’s, and Anna’s may break down with -good things. I do not know what he may -have for you and Mary, but if he leaves you -one-half of what I wish, you will want for -nothing. I think if I had one of you on -each side of me, riding on ponies, I would -be quite happy.”</p> -<p>Not long after, he wrote to his boys thus:</p> -<p>“The ponies here cost from ten to fifty -dollars. I have three horses, but <i>Creole</i> is -my pet. She is a golden dun color, and -takes me over all the ditches I have yet -met with.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_27">27</div> -<p>When the war was at last ended, in 1848, -Captain Lee went home for a short rest, after -which he was sent to West Point, as the -Superintendent of the Academy from whose -walls he had gone forth twenty-three years -before. His duty was to watch over the -studies and training of the boys who would -one day be officers in the army.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Corps (kōre), a body of troops.</dd> -<dd>Of′ficer, one who has charge of soldiers.</dd> -<dd>Lävå, melted matter flowing from a volcano.</dd> -<dd>Fēat, a great deed.</dd> -<dd>Lieuten′ant (lutĕn′ant), an officer next below a captain.</dd></dl> -<dl class="undent"><dt>Tell me—</dt> -<dd>When Robert became Lieutenant Lee.</dd> -<dd>Whom he married.</dd> -<dd>Where he was sent in 1837.</dd> -<dd>What war broke out in 1846.</dd> -<dd>About a great feat performed by Captain Lee.</dd> -<dd>Where he was sent in 1848.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_28">28</div> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER III.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A Cavalry Officer.</span></h2> -<p>After being three years at West Point, -Captain Lee was sent to Texas as Lieutenant-Colonel -(kûrnel) of the Second Regiment -of Cavalry. Cavalrymen are soldiers who -fight on horseback and who carry sabers, -and pistols, and short guns, called carbines.</p> -<p>Colonel Lee did not wish to leave the -Engineer Corps, as he had become very fond -of the work, and had won a high rank in it; -but, as he had been promoted to a higher -place, he thought it best to take it. When -at West Point, he had been a fine horseman. -He was still fond of horses and liked to see -them fed and well taken care of. Though -now forty-six years of age, he still had a firm -seat in the saddle and rode well. His regiment -was sent to the new State of Texas, -where his duty was to watch the Indians -and keep them from killing the whites.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div> -<div class="img" id="pic9"> -<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="475" /> -<p class="caption">LEE CHASING THE INDIANS.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div> -<p>I have no doubt that Colonel Lee enjoyed -riding over the vast plains of Texas, but life -in the forts was not very pleasant to such a -man as Lee. The forts were in the midst of -dreary plains, and there were only a few men -at each post. The scouting parties were led -by lieutenants, and the higher officers would -remain at the forts to see that all went right. -Such a lonely life did not suit our hero, but -he made the best of it.</p> -<p>Near his first post, Camp Cooper, was -an Indian Reserve, where the Indians -would come to be fed by the Government. -When it was cold and food was -scarce, they would come in; but when -the grass grew in the spring and the game -was fat, they would go off and become wild -and savage enough to kill those who had -been kind to them.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_31">31</div> -<p>Catumseh, a Comanche chief, was at the -Reserve when Lee was at Camp Cooper. -Lee thought it would be better to visit him -and tell him that he would trust him as a -friend so long as he behaved; but if he did -not behave he would take him for a foe. -Catumseh was not much pleased with Lee’s -speech, but gave an ugly grunt and said -that, as he had <i>six</i> wives, he was a “big -Indian.” Lee had better “get <i>more wives</i> -before he talked.” This visit did not do -much good. Catumseh was no doubt taking -the measure of Lee’s scalp, while Lee was -displeased with the sly and filthy savage.</p> -<p>The Comanche Indians were then the -fiercest tribe in that region. They ate raw -meat, slept on the ground, and were great -thieves and murderers. They were fine horsemen, -and moved swiftly from place to place -on their ponies.</p> -<p>In June, 1856, Lee was sent with four -companies of his regiment on an expedition -against the Comanches, but they could not -be found. The wily savages had fled to -their desert retreats, where foot of pale face -had never trod.</p> -<p>From Camp Cooper he writes to Mrs. Lee:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div> -<p>“My Fourth-of-July was spent after a -march of thirty miles in one of the branches -of the Bra′zos, under my blanket, which -rested on four sticks driven in the ground, -as a sun-shade. The sun was fiery hot, the -air like a furnace, and the water salt; still -my love for my country was as great, my -faith in her future as true, as they would -have been under better circumstances.”</p> -<p>The change of weather in Texas is sometimes -very great.</p> -<p>In another letter, he tells his wife about a -cold wind or norther. “I came here in a -cold norther, and though I pitched my tent -in the most sheltered place I could find, I -found this morning, when getting up, my -bucket of water, which was close by my bed, -so hard frozen that I had to break the ice -before I could pour the water into the basin.”</p> -<p>While Colonel Lee rode with his troopers -from fort to fort, a dreadful disease broke out -among them. Many died, but Colonel Lee -did not catch the disease, though he lived -among his men and ran great risks. In -these sad times, his thoughts were ever with -his dear ones at home.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div> -<p>In a letter dated Camp Cooper, June 9, -1857, he tells about the sickness of the -troopers:</p> -<p>“The great heat has made much sickness -among the men. The children, too, have -suffered. A bright little boy died from it a -few days since. He was the only child, and -his parents were much grieved at his loss * * *. -For the first time in my life, I -read the service of our Church over the grave -to a large number of soldiers.” A few days -after, he again read the service over a little -boy who had died with the disease.</p> -<p>In a long letter from Fort Brown, Texas, -December, 1856, he says:</p> -<p>“I thought of you and wished to be with -you.” He wrote again: “Though absent, -my heart will be in the midst of you; I can -do nothing but love and pray for you all. -My daily walks are alone, up and down the -banks of the river, and my chief pleasure -comes from my own thoughts, and from the -sight of the flowers and animals I meet with -here.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_34">34</div> -<p>In the midst of this wild, lonely life he -was ever true to his faith in Christ, which -he had professed after the Mexican war.</p> -<p>There was at Arlington a large yellow cat, -called Tom Tita. All the family were fond -of him, and Colonel -Lee among the rest. -This led him to -write home about -the cats he saw in -his travels. He -told once of a cat called by his mistress Jim -Nooks. He was a great pet, but at last died -from eating too much. He had coffee and -cream for breakfast, pound cake for lunch, -turtle and oysters for dinner, buttered toast -and Mexican rats, taken raw, for supper. -He was very handsome, but his “beauty -could not save him.” The kindness of his -mistress was his ruin.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic10"> -<img src="images/p10.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="227" /> -<p class="caption">TOM TITA.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_35">35</div> -<p>Again he told his little girl about a cat -which was dressed up. He had two holes -bored in each ear, and in each wore bows of -pink and blue ribbon. He was snow-white -and wore a gold chain on his neck. His -tail and feet were tipped with black, and his -eyes of green were truly cat-like.</p> -<p>In the summer of 1857, he was made -Colonel (kûr′nel) of his regiment. The next -fall his father-in-law, Mr. Custis, died, and -Colonel Lee went home for a short time. -Mr. Custis left Arlington and the rest of his -land to Mrs. Lee, and he also willed that at -the end of five years all of his slaves should -be set free. He had chosen Colonel Lee to -see that his will was carried out.</p> -<p>Colonel Lee stayed as long as he could -with his lonely wife, and then went back to -his post in Texas. It must have been far -from easy for him to go back to the wild, -hard life on the plains. There were then -no railroads. The United States mail was -carried on mules, by armed soldiers who -rode in a gallop from place to place. Often -they were slain by the Indians, who would -scalp them and leave their bodies to be -found by the troopers as they chased the -savages back to their retreats.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_36">36</div> -<p>Two years more were spent in Texas, -when, in October, 1859, we find him again -at home, and taking part in a great tragedy.</p> -<p>A man, named John Brown, made a plan -to set free the negro slaves who were then in -the South, and to kill all the whites. This -plot did not succeed, and John Brown and -his men took refuge in the Round House at -Harper’s Ferry. Colonel Lee, who was then -at home on a furlough, was ordered to take a -band of soldiers and capture these bold men. -He went at once to Harper’s Ferry and -quickly took them prisoners. They were -then tried and hung for treason.</p> -<p>Just here, I must tell you that the slaves -were blacks, or negroes, who had first been -brought to this country from Africa, in 1619, -by the Dutch, and sold to the Virginia -planters. At first, the planters bought them -out of pity, as they were badly treated by -the Dutch. But after a time it was found -that the negroes worked well in the corn and -tobacco fields, and that they made money for -their masters.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_37">37</div> -<div class="img" id="pic11"> -<img src="images/p11.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="516" /> -<p class="caption">COL. R. E. LEE AT JOHN BROWN’S FORT, HARPER’S FERRY.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_38">38</div> -<p>Many men at the North were sea-going -men, and they soon found out that, by sailing -over the ocean to Africa and catching -the blacks, they could sell them at a great -profit to themselves. This they did, and -men both at the North and South bought -them, though, even then, there were some -people at the South who thought it wrong to -buy and sell human beings.</p> -<p>In the State of Georgia it was for a time -against the law to hold negro slaves.</p> -<p>After a while, it was found that the -climate at the North was too cold for the -negro to thrive. It did not pay the men at -the North to keep them, and so they were -sold to the Southern planters.</p> -<p>In the South, the climate was hot, like -that of their native Africa, so they did well -in that sunny land.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_39">39</div> -<p>In 1808, it was made unlawful to bring -any more slaves from Africa to the United -States. The people at the South were glad -that the trade in slaves was stopped, but -the Northern traders were of course sorry -that they could make no more money in that -way.</p> -<p>When the negroes were first brought from -Africa, they were heathen savages; but, after -a few years, they learned the speech and -customs of the whites; and, more than all, -the worship of the true God. In thinking -of this, we have to admit that slavery must -have been permitted by the Lord in order to -bring a heathen people out of darkness into -the light of the Gospel.</p> -<p>There were now four millions of negroes -in the South. There was great love between -the blacks and their masters, as we have -seen when John Brown tried to get the -former to rise up and slay the whites. For -years, there had been a feeling in the North -that it was wrong to own slaves, and some -of the people began to hate the South and -to try to crush it.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_40">40</div> -<p>The South felt that they owned the slaves -under the law, or Constitution of the United -States, and that they ought to be let alone. -They also claimed that the slaves, as a class, -were better treated than any other working -people in the world. They, moreover, said -that the Southern States had a perfect right -to go out of the Union, if they wished, and -set up a government for themselves. This -the North denied; and thus they quarreled -about the rights of States, and slavery, and -other things, until they began to think of -war.</p> -<p>In a short time after the John Brown Raid, -Colonel Lee was back at his post in Texas, -but he was much troubled at the state of his -dear country. He loved the Union and had -lived nearly all his life in its service; but he -knew that Virginia was in the right, and -that he could not fight against his native -State.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_41">41</div> -<p>So, when the war came, he left the United -States Army to fight for Virginia and the -South.</p> -<p>He was offered the chief command of the -United States Army if he would remain in the -“Union” service. He knew that if he went -with the South he would lose his rank, and also -his lovely home—Arlington, but “‘none of -these things moved him’; his only wish was <i>to -know, that he might walk the path of duty</i>.”</p> -<p>He said to Mr. Blair, who came to offer -him the command of the army: “If I -owned the four millions of slaves in the -South, I would give them all up to save the -Union, but how can I draw my sword upon -Virginia, my native State?” So, when Mr. -Lincoln called for troops to send against the -South, Lee turned his back upon “wealth, -rank, and all that a great power could give -him, and offered his stainless sword to his -native State.” His great soul was wrung -with grief, but he obeyed the call of duty.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_42">42</div> -<p>He went at once to Richmond, and was -made Major-General of the Virginia troops. -His three sons also joined the Confederate -army.</p> -<p>General Lee was now fifty-four years old. -He had been thirty-two years in the service -of the United States.</p> -<p>The great “Civil War” now began. The -eleven Southern States which had left the -“Union” were now called “The Confederate -States of America”; Mr. Jefferson Davis -was made President of them, and Richmond -in Virginia was made the capital city.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Sā′bers, swords with broad blades.</dd> -<dd>Furlough (fûr′lō), a leave of absence.</dd> -<dd>Trea′son (trē′zon), the act of being false to one’s country.</dd> -<dd>Promō′ted, raised to a higher rank.</dd> -<dd>Rĕg′iment, a body of troops under a colonel.</dd> -<dd>Trăg′ēdy, an action in which the life of a person is taken.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_43">43</div> -<div class="img" id="pic12"> -<img src="images/p12.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="504" /> -<p class="caption">VIRGINIA STATE CAPITOL, FORMERLY OCCUPIED BY THE CONFEDERATE CONGRESS.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_44">44</div> -<dl class="undent"><dt>What do you know about—</dt> -<dd>Cavalrymen?</dd> -<dd>Colonel Lee’s life in Texas?</dd> -<dd>Catumseh?</dd> -<dd>The Comanche Indians?</dd> -<dd>The negroes?</dd> -<dd>John Brown?</dd> -<dd>The wish of Lee?</dd> -<dd>What he deemed his duty?</dd> -<dd>The great “Civil War”?</dd></dl> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p13.jpg" alt="{uncaptioned}" width="400" height="402" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_45">45</div> -<h2 id="c4"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER IV.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A Confederate General.</span></h2> -<p>In this little book I cannot tell all that -happened during the Civil War, but only as -much as will relate to our hero, General Lee.</p> -<p>There were now two governments—one at -the North; the other at the South. Mr. -Abraham Lincoln was President of the North, -or Federals, while Mr. Jefferson Davis was -the President of the South, or Confederates. -The first thought of the North was to defend -Washington, their capital city; while the -South was just as busy taking care of Richmond, -and getting arms and troops ready -for war.</p> -<p>In this war, brother fought against brother, -and friend against friend. It was a time of -great trouble all over the land. At the -North, one hundred thousand men were -enlisted in three days. At the South, the -feeling was more intense. Men rushed to -arms from all parts of the country.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_46">46</div> -<p>You must notice that from the first of the -war, the South was much poorer in the number -of men and arms than the North. There -were at the North eighteen millions of whites; -while at the South, there were only six millions. -Through all the South, there could be found -only fifteen thousand new rifles and about -one hundred thousand old muskets.</p> -<p>The Federals wore a uniform of blue, while -the Confederates were clad in gray; hence -they were sometimes called “the blue” and -“the gray.”</p> -<p>The first blood which flowed in this war -was shed in Baltimore. The Sixth Massachusetts -Regiment, as it was passing through -the city on its way south, was attacked by a -band of men who loved the South and could -not bear to see them marching on to fight -their brethren. In the fierce street fight -which followed, several men were killed. -This happened on April the 19th, 1861.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_47">47</div> -<div class="img" id="pic13"> -<img src="images/p14.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="534" /> -<p class="caption">GEN. R. E. LEE IN WEST VIRGINIA.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_48">48</div> -<p>The first gun of the war was fired at half-past -four o’clock April 12, 1861, at Fort -Sumter, in South Carolina. This fort was -taken by the Confederates after a fight of -thirty-four hours, in which no one was hurt -on either side.</p> -<p>During the first months of the war, General -Lee was kept in Richmond to send Virginia -men, who came to fight for the South, -to the places where they were most needed. -All around Richmond were camps, where -men were trained for war. The largest of -these camps was called “Camp Lee,” after -our hero. But in July, 1861, Lee was sent -to Western Virginia, and was, for the first -time, commander of troops in the field.</p> -<p>Just then, there were heavy rains and a -great deal of sickness among the men of his -small army, so that he was not able to attack -the enemy, as he had planned.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_49">49</div> -<p>After some time, it was thought best to -give up Western Virginia, and General Lee -went back to Richmond, where he stayed -only a short time. In November, 1861, he -was sent south to build a line of forts along -the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia. -In four months’ time he did much to show -his skill as an engineer.</p> -<p>But a large Northern army, under General -McClellan, was at the gates of Richmond, and -Lee was sent for to take charge of all the -armies of the South. Very soon, a battle -was fought at Seven Pines, May 31st, which -stopped General McClellan’s “On to Richmond.” -In that battle General Johnston, -the commanding general, was badly wounded, -and General Lee was put in his place. Lee -was swift to plan and as swift to act. His -task was hard. The hosts of the North -were at the gates of Richmond. The folks -on the house-tops could see their camp-fires -and hear the roar of their cannon. Lee at -once began to make earth-works, and to -place his men for battle. Every day, now, a -fine-looking man, clad in a neat gray uniform, -might be seen riding along the line.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_50">50</div> -<p>He wished to know what was going on in -the camp of the foe, and now the right man -came forward. His name was J. E. B. -Stuart, best known as Jeb Stuart. He led -his brave troopers quite around the army of -the North and found out all that Lee wished -to know. He was ever after this, until his -death, the “eyes and ears” of Lee.</p> -<p>“Stonewall” Jackson now came from the -Valley with his brave men, and Lee at once -began the “Seven Days’ Battle.” Stuart was -“the eyes and ears” of Lee, and Jackson -was his “right arm,” as you will learn before -you get through with this little book.</p> -<p>For seven days the battle went on, and at -last the Army of the Potomac, under General -McClellan, was forced back to the James -river, and Richmond was saved from the foe -by the skill of Lee and the valor of his men.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_51">51</div> -<p>Lee now marched north towards Washington -City, and in August, 1862, met the -army of General Pope and fought the Second -Battle of Manassas. Lee had made a bold -plan to put the army of Pope to flight. He -sent Stonewall Jackson fifty-six miles around -to the rear of Pope, while he (Lee) kept him -in check in front.</p> -<p>Jackson’s men marched so fast that they -were called “foot cavalry.” They ate apples -and green corn as they marched along, for -they had no time to stop. Only one man -among them knew where they were going. -Little cared they, for Stonewall Jackson led -the way.</p> -<p>On the evening of the second day, Jackson, -with twenty thousand men, was between -Pope and Washington city. Lee was in -front of Pope with the rest of the army.</p> -<p>General Jackson fell upon Manassas Junction -and took three hundred prisoners and -many car-loads of food and clothes. After -the men had eaten what food they wanted, -they burned the rest and moved away.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_52">52</div> -<p>Jackson found a good position from which -to fight, and when Pope’s men came up was -ready for them. They fought all day, and -when the powder and shot gave out the -Southern men fought with stones.</p> -<p>All this time Lee, with most of the men, -was coming round to help Jackson. How -eagerly Jackson looked for help! He had -only twenty thousand men against three -times that many. At last Lee came up, -and the battle was won (August 30th). -Many brave men were killed on both sides, -but Lee was the victor. In three months’ -time he had driven the foe from Richmond, -and was now in front of Washington with -his army.</p> -<p>He now sent General Jackson to Harper’s -Ferry, where he took as prisoners twelve -thousand men of the North, September -15th. Jackson then hurried back to Lee, -who had crossed the Potomac and gone over -into Maryland, on September 5, 1862.</p> -<p>At Sharpsburg sometimes called Antietam -(Ante’tam), he again met the fresh army of -McClellan and fought one of the most bloody -battles of the war. Lee had only half as -many men as McClellan, but when, after the -battle, Lee thought it best to return to Virginia, -McClellan did not follow him. Lee -led his army back to Virginia without the -loss of a gun or a wagon, and they rested -near Winchester, Virginia.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_53">53</div> -<div class="img" id="pic14"> -<img src="images/p15.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="673" /> -<p class="caption">LAST MEETING OF LEE AND JACKSON.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_54">54</div> -<p>General Lee, in his tent near Winchester, -heard of the death of his daughter Annie. -She had been his dearest child, and his grief -at her death was great; but he wrote thus -to Mrs. Lee:</p> -<p>“But God in this, as in all things, has -mingled mercy with the blow by selecting -the one best prepared to go. May you join -me in saying ‘His will be done!’”</p> -<p>It was now McClellan’s turn to attack -Lee, but he was slow to move—so slow that -Mr. Lincoln sent him word “to cross the -Potomac and give battle to the foe, and -drive him south.” But still he did not -move, and Lee, who was also wanting to -move, sent Jeb Stuart over into Maryland to -find out what McClellan was doing. That -gallant man again went around the whole -Northern army, and came back safe to Lee, -having found out what Lee wished to know.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_55">55</div> -<p>The Northern army now came back to -Virginia and Lee moved to Fredericksburg, -a town on the Rappahannock river.</p> -<p>Burnside was now put at the head of the -Northern army in the place of General -McClellan, whom Mr. Lincoln accused of -being too slow.</p> -<p>Lee placed his men on the heights above -the river, on the south side, while Burnside’s -hosts were on Stafford Heights and the plains -below.</p> -<p>At daylight on December 13, 1862, the -battle began, and was fought bravely by both -sides. But Burnside’s men had little chance, -since Lee’s men from above poured the shot -and shell so fast that they could not move -forward.</p> -<p>The noise of this battle was terrible, as -there were three hundred cannon roaring at -once.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_56">56</div> -<p>Cooke, a great writer, tells us that as -Burnside’s guns were fired directly at the -town, the houses were soon on fire and a -dense cloud of smoke hung over its roofs -and steeples. Soon the red flames leaped -up high above the smoke and the people -were driven from their homes. Hundreds of -women and children were seen wandering -along the frozen roads, not knowing where -to go.</p> -<p>General Lee stood upon a ridge which is -now called “Lee’s Hill,” and watched this -painful scene. For a long time he stood -silent, and then, in his deep, grave voice, -said these words, which were the most bitter -that he was ever known to utter: “These -people delight to destroy the weak, and those -who can make no defence; it just suits -them.”</p> -<p>When the day was done, Lee was again -victor.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_57">57</div> -<div class="img" id="pic15"> -<img src="images/p16.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="678" /> -<p class="caption">LEE AT FREDERICKSBURG.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_58">58</div> -<p>In less than <i>six months</i> Lee had fought -<i>four</i> great battles—all victorious to his arms, -except that of Sharpsburg, which was neither -a victory nor defeat. The Southern army -was now full of hope and courage. At the -battle of Fredericksburg, Lee had only sixty -thousand men, while Burnside’s army numbered -over one hundred thousand. In this -battle Lee lost five thousand men, while -twelve thousand of Burnside’s men lay stark -and cold upon the bloody field.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_59">59</div> -<p>Lee grieved over the loss of his brave men, -and for the good people of Fredericksburg -who had lost their homes by fire during the -fight. He now waited day after day for -Burnside to attack, but in vain. At length -Lee went into winter quarters in a tent at -the edge of an old pine field near Fredericksburg, -and began to get ready for fight when -the spring came. It was at this time that -among a number of fowls given to Lee, was -a fine hen which began the egg business before -her head came off, and Bryan, Lee’s servant, -saved her for the egg which he found -each day in the General’s tent. Lee would -leave the door of the tent open for the hen -to go in and out. She roosted and rode in -the wagon, and was an eye-witness of the -battle of Chancellorsville. She was also at -the battle of Gettysburg; but when orders -were given to fall back, the hen could not -be found. At last, they saw her perched on -top of the wagon, ready to go back to her -native State.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic16"> -<img src="images/p17.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="342" /> -<p class="caption">GEN. LEE’S HEN.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_60">60</div> -<p>In 1864, when food began to get scarce -and Bryan was in sore need for something -nice for guests, he killed the good old -hen unknown to her master. At dinner, -General Lee thought it a very fine fowl, not -dreaming that Bryan had killed his pet.</p> -<p>It was now time for Lee to carry out the -will of old Mr. Custis and set free his slaves. -Many of them had been carried off by the -Northern men, but now he wrote out the -deed and set them free by law. He wrote -thus of them to Mrs. Lee:</p> -<p>“They are all entitled to their freedom, -and I wish them to have it. Those that -have been carried away I hope are free and -happy.”</p> -<p>He had set free his own slaves years before.</p> -<p>Lee had proved so great a leader that the -people of the South began to look to him -with great love and hope.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_61">61</div> -<p>During these battles, of which I have told -you, one-half of the Southern men were in -rags, and many were without shoes. Yet -shoeless, hatless, ragged and starving, they -followed Lee and fought his battles. Their -pet name for him was “Marse Robert.” -They knew that their great chief cared for -them, and would not send them into danger -if he could help it; and it was no fault of -his if their food was scant and poor. They -learned to love and trust him. “Marse -Robert says so,” was their battle-cry.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Prĕs′ident, the head of a free people.</dd> -<dd>Mĕr′cy, kindness.</dd> -<dd>Găl′lant, brave; daring in fight.</dd> -<dd>Vĭc′tor, one who wins.</dd> -<dd>Posĭ′tion, place.</dd></dl> -<dl class="undent"><dt>Tell about—</dt> -<dd>The two governments.</dd> -<dd>The first blood shed.</dd> -<dd>The first gun fired.</dd> -<dd>“Camp Lee.”</dd> -<dd>Where General Lee was first sent.</dd> -<dd>The “On to Richmond.”</dd> -<dd>Jeb Stuart. “Stonewall” Jackson.</dd> -<dd>The Second Battle of Manassas.</dd> -<dd>Sharpsburg. Fredericksburg.</dd> -<dd>The will of Mr. Custis.</dd> -<dd>The soldiers’ love for Lee.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_62">62</div> -<h2 id="c5"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER V.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A Confederate General.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line3">(<i>Continued.</i>)</span></h2> -<p>When the spring of 1863 came, the two -armies were still in sight of each other near -Fredericksburg. A new man, General Hooker, -sometimes called “Fighting Joe,” had been -put at the head of the army of the North. -Take note that he was the fourth general -that President Lincoln had sent forth within -a year to conquer Lee.</p> -<p>Lee watched his new foe, and when he -had found out his plans was ready for him. -He fell back to a place called Chancellorsville, -and there, in the midst of a dense -forest, the fight took place (May 2, 3).</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_63">63</div> -<p>While the battle was going on, Lee sent -Jackson to the rear to cut Hooker off from -a ford in the river. Jackson’s men moved -through the forest so swiftly and with so -little noise that they fell upon Hooker’s men -with a loud yell before he knew they were -near. They rushed out like a thunder-bolt -and swept down upon the line like a flash -of lightning. The foe did not wait, but -turned and fled.</p> -<p>It was now nearly dark, and, as Jackson -rode forward to view the way, he was shot -by his own men, who, in the dim light, -thought that he and his aids were a squad -of Northern cavalry. He was shot in three -places—in his right hand, his left forearm, -and again in the same limb near the shoulder. -He was placed in a litter and taken from the -field. All care was taken of this great and -good man, but he died the next Sunday. His -last words were:</p> -<p>“Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action. -Pass the infantry to the front. Tell Major -Hawkes”—he stopped and then said, as if -the fight was over, “Let us pass over the -river and rest under the trees.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_64">64</div> -<p>Thus passed away the great Stonewall -Jackson, the “right arm of Lee.”</p> -<p>For two days after Jackson was wounded, -the fight went on and raged with great fury. -General Hooker was struck by a piece of -wood split off by a cannon ball, and for a -time was thought dead.</p> -<p>Lee made bold plans and his brave men -carried them out. Stuart, who had taken -Stonewall Jackson’s command, led his men -to battle, singing “Old Joe Hooker, won’t -you come out of the wilderness.”</p> -<p>At last the battle of Chancellorsville was -won and Hooker was forced back to his old -camp at Fredericksburg.</p> -<p>Chancellorsville was Lee’s greatest battle, -but its glory was clouded by Jackson’s death. -General Lee wrote to his wife, May 11, 1863:</p> -<p>“You will see we have to mourn the loss -of the good and great Jackson. * * * I -know not how to replace him, but God’s -will be done.”</p> -<p>In this battle Lee had only fifty-three -thousand men, one-third as many men as -Hooker.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_65">65</div> -<div class="img" id="pic17"> -<img src="images/p18.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="611" /> -<p class="caption">GEN. STONEWALL JACKSON</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_66">66</div> -<p>In June, 1863, Lee again crossed the Potomac -and met an army under General -Meade at Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania.</p> -<p>Lee had two reasons for this move. One -was to get food for his men and horses; and -the other to draw the Northern army away -from its strong forts around Washington -city. He gave strict orders to his men not -to steal and rob. This is a part of his order:</p> -<p>“The commanding general thinks that no -greater disgrace could befall the army, and -through it our whole people, than to commit -outrages on the innocent and defenceless. * * * -It must be remembered -that we make war only upon <i>armed men</i>.”</p> -<p>This order, with its noble Christ-like spirit, -will remain the “undying glory of Lee”; for -all his property had been taken by the -Federals. His wife and daughters were -homeless, yet he did not fail to return good -for evil.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_67">67</div> -<p>When Lee started into Maryland, he sent -Jeb Stuart on ahead to guard the right flank -of his army. By some mishap, he crossed -the Potomac too far to the east, and soon -found that the whole Federal army was between -him and General Lee. By hard fighting -and riding he at last joined Lee at Gettysburg, -but not until after the fight had -begun. Lee was thus without his “eyes and -ears,” as we have called General Stuart, and -could not tell just where the foe was. Neither -Lee nor Meade had planned to fight at Gettysburg, -but they fell upon each other pretty -much like two men groping in the dark.</p> -<p>For the first two days (July 1, 2) Lee’s -men drove back the enemy. On the third -day, at 1 o’clock P. M., Lee began to fight -with one hundred and fifty big guns. For -two hours the air was alive with shells. -Then, out of the woods swept the Confederate -battle line, over a mile long, under General -Pickett. A thrill of wonder ran along the -Federal lines as that grand column of fifteen -thousand men marched, with ragged clothes, -but bright guns and red battle-flags flying, -up the slope of Cemetery Ridge. Down upon -them came shot and shell from guns on the -heights above and round them.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_68">68</div> -<p>The line was broken, but on they went. -They planted their Confederate flags on the -breast-work; they fought hand to hand and -killed men at the cannon with the bayonet; -but down from the hill rushed tens of thousands -of Federals, and many who were not -killed were taken prisoners. Few got back -to tell the story. That night the stars -looked down upon a field of dead and dying -men and also upon a sad general. Lee’s -orders had not been obeyed, and, for the first -time, he had been foiled.</p> -<p>Lee afterwards said to a friend, “Had I -had Stonewall Jackson at Gettysburg, I would -have won a great victory.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_69">69</div> -<p>He had made a bold plan to attack early -in the day; but it was not done, and thus -Meade got time to bring up his troops. -Meade did not attack Lee, who rested that -night upon the same ground as the night -before.</p> -<p>Lee now had but little powder and shot. -On the next day, the 4th of July, he started -his long trains of wounded and prisoners -towards Virginia; and, at the same time, -buried his dead. That night, in a storm, -the army began its homeward march, and -reached the Potomac river to find it too high -to cross. Calm and brave, Lee sent his -wounded over in boats and got ready for -Meade. But Meade was in no mood to -attack Lee and came up slowly.</p> -<p>While waiting for the river to fall, Lee -heard of the capture of his son Gen. W. H. F. -Lee.</p> -<p>On the 13th, Lee’s men began to cross -the river, and by the next night they were -again safe in Virginia.</p> -<p>The men lost at Gettysburg were never -replaced, for the South had sent forth all her -fighting men and had no more to give.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_70">70</div> -<p>The rest of the year passed without any -great battle. Lee’s chief concern was to -get food and clothes for his men and to watch -Meade, who would not give battle.</p> -<p>About this time the city of Richmond presented -to Lee a house. This he kindly but -firmly refused to take, and begged that what -means the city had to spare might be given -to the families of his poor soldiers.</p> -<p>Late in November, General Meade moved -towards Lee, who had built strong forts at Mine -Run. But Meade found the forts too strong -for attack and withdrew during the night.</p> -<p>The next year a new man was sent against -Lee—Ulysses S. Grant. Lee had now only -sixty-two thousand men to meet Grant, who -had <i>one hundred and twenty-five thousand</i> men, -and a wagon train that reached sixty-five -miles.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_71">71</div> -<p>With this large army, Grant crossed the -Rapidan river, and marched on to give Lee -battle. Lee did not wait for Grant, but -went forward and met his hosts in a place -called the Wilderness, which was a vast -forest full of underbrush, and with only narrow -roads here and there. It was a bad -place in which to fight a battle, for no man -could see but a few yards around him. Cannon -and horsemen were of no use, because -they could not move through the tangled -bushes.</p> -<p>Grant did not know that Lee’s men were -so near. But when they rushed into these -wilds and boldly began the fight he had to -give battle. For two days, May 5th and -6th, 1864, two hundred thousand men in -blue and gray fought breast to breast in the -thickets. Men fell and died unseen, their -bodies lost in the bushes and their death-groans -drowned in the roar of battle.</p> -<p>In the midst of these horrors, the woods -caught on fire and many of the wounded -were burnt alive. Lee, however, pressed forward, -and when night closed had taken a -portion of the Federal breast-works.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_72">72</div> -<p>During the fight of the 6th, General Lee -placed himself at the head of some men from -Texas to lead the charge. “Hurrah for -Texas!” he cried, and ordered the charge. -But the soldiers, anxious for their dear general, -shouted, “Lee to rear!” A gray-haired -soldier seized his bridle, saying, “General -Lee, if you do not go back, we will not go -forward!” So General Lee reined back his -horse and the brave Texans swept on to victory -and death.</p> -<p>On the morning of the 7th, Grant made -no motion to attack Lee, but that night -marched towards Spotsylvania Court-House. -Lee at once found out his plans and began -a race to reach there first. When the front -of Grant’s army reached the Court-House the -next morning, they found Lee’s men behind -breast-works and ready for the fight. Lee -had gotten between Grant and Richmond! -That evening the two great armies were -again facing each other on the banks of the -Po river. Here they threw up breast-works, -which may yet be seen.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_73">73</div> -<p>For twelve days, Grant made many attacks -upon Lee’s lines. Early on the morning -of the 12th his men made an opening in -Lee’s lines and poured in by -thousands. Lee’s men -ran up quickly and soon a most terrible fight -took place. The trenches ran with blood -and the space was piled with dead bodies, -whose lips were black with powder from biting -cartridges.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic18"> -<img src="images/p19.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="495" /> -<p class="caption">LEE IN FRONT OF HIS TROOPS.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_74">74</div> -<p>Though Grant held that position, he could -not break through the second line. The -little army in gray stood as firm as the -mountains.</p> -<p>In the fight of which I have just told you, -General Lee again rode in front, with hat -off, to lead the charge; but General Gordon -dashed up and said:</p> -<p>“These are Virginians and Georgians who -have never failed. Go to the rear, General -Lee.”</p> -<p>Then he said to the men:</p> -<p>“Must General Lee lead this charge?”</p> -<p>“No! No!” they cried; “we will drive -them back if General Lee will go to the -rear.”</p> -<p>They rushed off and once more hurled back -the Federal troops.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_75">75</div> -<p>Grant now sent his cavalry general, Sheridan, -on a raid near Richmond. A fierce -battle was fought at Yellow Tavern, in which -the famous Jeb Stuart was wounded so that -he died the next day. Alas for Lee! Jackson -and Stuart were both gone.</p> -<p>Grant again moved to the rear, and Lee -next moved to the North Anna river. While -Grant was again trying to flank, Lee got to -the old works at Cold Harbor. Grant made -an attack at daylight. His troops, sinking -into a swamp, were killed by thousands, -while Lee lost but few men.</p> -<p>A second assault was ordered, but the men -would not move forward. About thirteen -thousand of their comrades had been killed -in less than half an hour, and they could no -longer stand the awful fire.</p> -<p>We are told by General Fitzhugh Lee that -Lee’s men were hungry and mad. One -cracker to a man, with no meat, was a -luxury. One poor fellow, who had his -cracker shot out of his hand before he could -eat it, said: “The next time I’ll put my -cracker in a safe place down by the breast-works -where it won’t get wounded, poor -thing!”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_76">76</div> -<p>Lee again stood in Grant’s way to Richmond. -In the battles from the Wilderness -to Cold Harbor, Grant had lost sixty thousand -men, while Lee’s loss was eighteen -thousand.</p> -<p>Just before the battle of Cold Harbor, -Grant had looked for Sigel to move up the -Valley and fall upon Lee’s rear. But Sigel -was met at New Market on May 15th by -Breckenridge with five thousand troops, -among which was a band of cadets from the -Virginia Military Institute at Lexington. -These boys fought like heroes, fifty of them -being killed and wounded. Sigel was sent -running back down the Valley, and Breckenridge -then marched to the help of Lee.</p> -<p>Grant then, on the night of June 12th, -began to move his army south of the James -river to march towards Petersburg, a city -about twenty-one miles south of Richmond.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_77">77</div> -<p>The famous General Beauregard (Bo′re-gard) -was at Petersburg with only about -two thousand men, as he had sent the most -of his troops to the north side of the James -river to the help of Lee.</p> -<p>Against these, on the 15th, General Grant -sent eighteen thousand men.</p> -<p>Beauregard held these men in check until -Lee sent troops to aid him. Lee then came -up with the main army, and Grant, having -lost ten thousand men, now began to make -trenches and build forts to protect his men, -as he was going to lay siege to Petersburg, -the key to Richmond.</p> -<p>Lee had to defend both Richmond and -Petersburg with lines thirty-five miles long, -against Grant’s army, which was twice as -large as his own. In fact, Grant had all -the men that he asked for; while Lee’s -ranks were thin and food was scarce. A fourth -of a pound of meat and one pound of flour -was all that each soldier had for one day.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_78">78</div> -<p>In this stress, it is said that Lee thought -it best to give up Richmond and march south -to join the army there. I do not know the -truth of that statement. At any rate, he -did not go, but went to work to make his -lines stronger and to get in food for his men. -One of his great cares was to keep Grant -from getting hold of the railroads which -brought food from the South and other parts -of the country.</p> -<p>Just here, it will be well to give you some -of the war prices at that time. Flour brought, -in Confederate money, two hundred and fifty -dollars per barrel; meal, fifty dollars; corn, -forty; and oats, twenty-five dollars per bushel. -Brown sugar cost ten dollars per pound; -coffee, twelve dollars; tea, thirty-five dollars; -and they were scarce and hard to get. -Woolen goods were scarce; calico cost thirty -dollars per yard, and lead pencils one dollar -a-piece. Women wore dresses that were -made of cloth spun, woven and dyed by -their own hands. Large thorns were used -for pins and hair-pins, and shoes were made -with wooden soles. Hats were made by girls -out of wheat straw, plaited into a braid and -then sewed into shape.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_79">79</div> -<p>Those were indeed hard times; but in spite -of want and care, the spirits and courage of -the Southern people did not flag. All food -that could be spared was sent to Richmond, -and every one hoped for the best.</p> -<p>Time after time Grant’s men made attacks -upon Lee’s works, but were always sent back -faster than they came, by his watchful men.</p> -<p>The shells from Grant’s big guns fell into -the city of Petersburg day after day, bursting -into the churches and houses, and making -the people flee for their lives.</p> -<p>One day, as General Lee was sitting on a -chair under a tree at his headquarters, the -“Clay House,” the balls fell so thick about -him that his aids begged him to seek a safer -place. He at last mounted his horse and -rode away. A moment after, a gay young -soldier sat down in the chair and tilted it -back, saying, “I’ll see if I can fill Lee’s place -for awhile.” Just then a ball struck the -front round of the chair and cut it in twain. -If Lee had been there, with the chair upon -the ground, he would have been badly hurt. -All thanked God that he was safe.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_80">80</div> -<p>On June 22d, the Confederates under -General Mahone made a sally from their -lines and gave the Federals a great surprise. -As the Southern shot and shell burst upon -them, they fled back into their lines and the -Confederates brought off two thousand prisoners, -four cannon and eight flags.</p> -<p>On the same day, there was a fight at -Reams’ Station, in which the Federals were -put to flight and lost twelve guns and one -thousand men.</p> -<p>All this time, Grant was making earthworks -and forts, and at last carried out a -very cruel plan. From a spot out of sight, -he had a mine dug until it reached under -one of the Confederate forts. In that hole -he had caused to be placed a blast of eight -thousand pounds of powder. His plan was -to blow a hole in Lee’s lines and then rush -in with a large band of men and take the -city.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic19"> -<img src="images/p20.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="487" /> -<p class="caption">THE SOUTHERN STATES.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_81">81</div> -<p>General Lee found out that they were digging -the mine and where it was, and had a -strong line made in the rear, while big guns -were placed so as to fire across the breach -when the mine was sprung.</p> -<p>At that time there were only thirteen -thousand men in the trenches at Petersburg, -as General Lee had been forced to send some -of his troops to the north of the James to -check a move which Grant had made on -purpose to draw off Lee’s men from the mine.</p> -<p>Just at dawn, July 30th, the blast was -fired. A great roar was heard, and then -two hundred and fifty-six men from South -Carolina and twenty-two from Petersburg, -with guns, large masses of earth, stones and -logs, were thrown high into the air. A -breach one hundred and thirty-five feet long, -ninety feet wide, and thirty feet deep, had -been made in the Confederate lines. Those -near the spot were at first stunned, and -those far away could not think what the -noise meant.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_82">82</div> -<p>Grant’s guns fired at once all along the -line, and a band of men marched out to rush -in through the breach. When they had -rushed across the space to the gap, they -found a deep pit at their feet.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic20"> -<img src="images/p21.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="510" /> -<p class="caption">EXPLOSION OF THE CRATER.</p> -</div> -<p>The Confederates had now gained their -wits, and at once opened fire. The storm of -shot and shell forced the Federals down into -the pit for shelter; but when there, they could -not get out. Band after band of Federals were -sent forward to charge the works, but they -either fell into the Crater or ran back to their -own lines.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_83">83</div> -<p>Two hours had now passed, when black -troops were sent to seize the guns which -were doing such deadly work. They marched -bravely up, but the Confederate fire was too -hot for them and they ran for their lives—some -into the Crater, and some back to their -own lines. White troops were again sent -forward, but they, too, were driven back. -All this time the Crater was full of wounded, -struggling and dying men, upon whom the -hot sun beat and shot poured down.</p> -<p>Soon General Lee rode up, and by his -orders, General Mahone, with Weisiger’s and -Wright’s brigades, came up and charged with -a yell upon the Federals who had for the -first time reached the breast-works. There -was a fierce hand-to-hand fight, but the -Federals were quickly forced back.</p> -<p>All honor is due to the few men who had -so bravely held the breach until help came.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_84">84</div> -<p>Just at this time a white flag was seen to -float above the side of the Crater, which told -that some were alive down there and ready -to give up.</p> -<p>In this strange fight Grant lost about four -<i>thousand</i> men and Lee about four <i>hundred</i>.</p> -<p>The pluck and skill of Lee and a few men -had foiled a well-laid plan and showed what -these brave heroes could do after years of toil -and battle.</p> -<p>Lee now thought that if he would again -send troops to threaten Washington, he -might cause Grant to move some of his -large army there, and thus give him (Lee) a -chance to hurl back the hosts of Grant from -Richmond. So he sent General Early down -the Valley into Maryland with only ten thousand -men.</p> -<p>They went as fast as they could, and on -July 9th met, at Monocacy Bridge, General -Lew Wallace with seven thousand men. -Having whipped him and taken from him -two thousand men, Early marched on to -Washington.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_85">85</div> -<p>On the 10th, his troops marched thirty -miles, and on the 11th were in front of -Washington. But his force was too small -and too much worn out to try to attack the -city. He coolly camped in front of it all -day, and at night after a fight with some -Federal troops sent to catch him, went back -into Virginia.</p> -<p>This raid of Early’s did not move Grant. -He left Mr. Lincoln to take care of Washington -and kept the most of his men massed in -front of Lee’s lines.</p> -<p>It was about this time that the Federal -General Sheridan passed up the Valley and -burned two thousand barns filled with wheat -and hay, and seventy mills filled with flour. -He also drove off and killed four thousand -head of stock. The boast was that “if a -crow wants to fly down the Valley he must -carry his food along.”</p> -<p>This was a part of the plan to crush and -starve Lee, for a great part of his flour and -meat was sent from the Valley.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_86">86</div> -<p>After many trials, on August 18th Grant -at last got hold of the Weldon railroad, which -brought supplies from the south. This was -a great blow to Lee.</p> -<p>In the fall of this year, when meat was -scarce, General Wade Hampton sent a note -to General Lee, telling him that there was a -large drove of beeves in the rear of Grant’s -army and asked leave to take a force of -horsemen and drive out the cattle. General -Lee at last told him to go, but urged him to -take great care not to be caught.</p> -<p>The men were well on their way when day -broke, and rode on until dark, when they -came to a halt in a road overhung by the -branches of trees. Here they slept, men -and horses, till just at dawn they sprang to -their saddles, and with the well-known yell -dashed into the camp of the foe. The Federals -made a good fight for their meat; but -at last fell back, and the Confederates captured -and drove out more than two thousand -beeves. These they brought safe into camp -after having two fights and riding one hundred -miles.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_87">87</div> -<p>This fresh meat was a great treat to Lee’s -men and the cause of much fun.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic21"> -<img src="images/p22.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="368" /> -<p class="caption">JOHNNY REB AND BILLY YANK.</p> -</div> -<p>Lee’s lines were so close to Grant’s at one -point that the men would often call over to -each other. The Federals -called the Confederates -Johnny Rebs, while the Confederate -name for the -Federals was Billy Yanks. On the day after -the beef raid, one of Grant’s men called out.</p> -<p>“I say, Johnny Reb, come over. I’ve got -a new blue suit for you.”</p> -<p>“Blue suit?” growled out Johnny.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_88">88</div> -<p>“Yes,” said the other, “take off those -greasy butternut clothes. I would, if I were -you.”</p> -<p>“Never you mind the <i>grease</i>, Billy Yank,” -drawled out the Confederate, “I got <i>that -out’n them beeves o’ yourn</i>.”</p> -<p>Pop! went the Federal’s gun, and the Confederate -was not slow to pop back at him.</p> -<p>General Lee’s life was now full of care; -as soon as one attack on his lines was over, -another was begun. He lived in a tent and -would go down to the trenches himself to see -how his men were getting on.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_89">89</div> -<p>An old soldier relates that one day he -came into the trenches when the firing was -quite rapid. The men did not dare to cheer, -lest they might bring a hotter fire from the -foe, but they crowded around him and begged -him to go back. But he calmly asked after -their health and spoke words of cheer. Then -he walked to a big gun and asked the lieutenant -to fire, so that he might see its range -and work. The officer said, with tears in his -eyes, “General, don’t order me to fire this -gun while you are here. They will open fire -over there with all those big guns and you -will surely get hurt. Go back out of range -and I’ll fire all day.” General Lee was -greatly touched by this, and went back, -while the men quickly fired off the huge gun.</p> -<p>Lee needed not only men, but food for -those he had. Many men died from cold -and want.</p> -<p>The winter of 1864 and ’65 was a sad one -for Lee and the South. There were no more -men in the South to take the place of those -who had been killed.</p> -<p>The corn and wheat of the South had been -burnt and the cattle killed by the Northern -armies. The people sat down to empty -tables and had no more food to send their -men.</p> -<p>Mrs. Lee, in her sick chair in Richmond, -“with large heart and small means” knit -socks, which she would send at once to the -bare-footed men.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_90">90</div> -<p>On January 10, 1865, General Lee writes -to Mrs. Lee:</p> -<p>“Yesterday three little girls walked into -my room, each with a small basket. The -eldest had some fresh eggs, the second some -pickles, and the third some pop-corn, which -had grown in her garden. * * They had -with them a young maid with a block of soap -made by her mother. They were the daughters -of a Mrs. Nottingham, a refugee from -Northampton county. * * I had not -had so nice a visit for a long time. I was -able to fill their baskets with apples, and -begged them to bring me hereafter nothing -but kisses, and to keep the eggs, corn, etc., -for themselves.”</p> -<p>Lee’s men were ragged and starving, but -they fought on till April 1st, 1865, when, -at Five Forks, the left wing of Grant’s large -army swept around the right and rear of -Lee, and made him give up Richmond and -Petersburg.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_91">91</div> -<p>When the Southern troops were leaving -Richmond, by law of Congress the tobacco -houses were set on fire to keep them from -falling into the hands of the foe. The fire -spread, and Mrs. Lee’s house was in danger -of being burnt. Friends came in and -wished to move her to a place of safety, but -she was loath to go. The fire had no terror for -her as she thought of her husband with his -band of ragged, starving men marching with -their “faces turned from Richmond.” White -clouds of dense smoke, with the light of fire -in their folds, hung above the city as the -Federal army, with waving flags and clashing -music, marched in and stacked arms in -the Capitol Square.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_92">92</div> -<p>In the meantime, Lee marched on towards -Amelia Court-House, where he had ordered -meat and bread to be sent for his men. But -when he got there he found that it had been -sent elsewhere, and now real want set in. -His men had nothing to eat but corn, which -they would parch at night and eat as they -marched along. General Lee’s plan had -been to march south and join General Johnston, -but some time had been lost in looking -for food, and General Grant’s hosts were near -at hand.</p> -<p>So Lee fell back towards Lynchburg, but -on April 9th, 1865, being entirely surrounded -by Grant’s vast army, he and his few ragged -men surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox -Court-House. Lee had only <i>eight -thousand</i> men, while Grant’s army numbered -about <i>two hundred thousand</i>.</p> -<p>In all these battles, of which I have told -you, General Lee had never been really defeated; -but he gave up at last because he -had no more men and no more food. The -Northern generals had all the men and food -they asked for, as they had the world to -draw from; but the South, being blockaded, -or shut in by Northern ships of war, could -not get what she needed from other lands.</p> -<p>Lee did all that courage and genius could -do against such odds, and was, without doubt, -the greatest commander of his time.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_93">93</div> -<p>Colonel Venable, an officer on General -Lee’s staff, tells this story of the surrender: -“When I told General Lee that the troops -in front were not able to fight their way out, -he said ‘Then, there is nothing left me but -to go and see General Grant, and I would -rather <i>die a thousand deaths</i>.’”</p> -<p>Another officer says that when Lee was -thinking of the surrender he exclaimed, -“How easily I could get rid of all this and -be at rest! I have only to ride along the -lines and all will be over. But,” he added -quickly, “<i>it is our duty to live</i>, for what will -become of the <i>women</i> and <i>children</i> of the -South if we are not here to support and protect -them?”</p> -<p>So, with a heart bursting with grief, he -once more did his <i>duty</i>. He went at once -to General Grant and surrendered himself -and his few remaining men.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_94">94</div> -<p>By the terms of the surrender, Lee’s men -gave up their fire-arms, but all who had -horses took them home, “to work their little -farms.”</p> -<p>General Grant, it must be said, was most -kind to General Lee and his men. He did -not ask for General Lee’s sword, nor did Lee -offer it to him; neither did he require Lee’s -men to march up to stack their guns between -ranks of Federals with flags flying and bands -playing. Lee’s men simply went to places -which were pointed out and stacked their -guns. Their officers then signed a parole -not to fight again against the <i>United States</i>. -They were then free to go back to their -homes, which, in some cases, were burnt—blight -and want being on every side.</p> -<p>After all, Grant did not go to Lee’s camp -or to Richmond to exult over the men who -had so often met him in battle; but he -mounted his horse, and, with his staff, rode -to Washington. Before going, he sent to -Lee twenty-five thousand rations; for, as I -have told you, Lee’s men had nothing to eat -but parched corn.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_95">95</div> -<p>After the surrender, Lee rode out among -his men, who pressed up to him, eager to -“touch his person, or even his horse,” and -tears fell down the powder-stained cheeks of -the strong men. Slowly he said:</p> -<p>“Men, we have fought the war together; -I have done my best for you; my heart is -too full to say more.”</p> -<div class="img" id="pic22"> -<img src="images/p23.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="556" /> -<p class="caption">LEE LEAVING APPOMATTOX C. H.</p> -</div> -<p>“And then in silence, with lifted hat, he -rode through the weeping army towards his -home in Richmond.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_96">96</div> -<p>As General Lee rode on towards Richmond -he was calm, and his thoughts dwelt -much more on the state of the poor people -at whose houses he stopped than upon his -own bad fortune. When he found that all -along the road the people were glad to see -him and gave him gladly of what they had to -eat, he said, “These good people are kind—too -kind. They do too much—more than -they are able to do—for us.”</p> -<p>At a house which he reached just at night, -a poor woman gave him a nice bed; but, -with a kind shake of the head, he spread -his blanket and slept upon the floor.</p> -<p>The next day he stopped at the house of -his brother, Charles Carter Lee; but, when -night came, left the house and slept in his -old black wagon. He could not give up at -once the habits of a soldier.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_97">97</div> -<p>When, at last, the city of Richmond was -in sight, he rode ahead with a few of his -officers. A sad sight met his view. In the -great fire of the 3d of April, a large part of -the city had been burned, and, as he rode -up Main street, he saw only masses of black -ruins.</p> -<p>As he rode slowly, some of the people saw -him, and at once the news flashed through -the streets that General Lee had come.</p> -<p>The people ran to greet him, and showed -by cheers and the waving of hats and handkerchiefs -how much they loved him.</p> -<p>General Lee now went home and there -again took up his duty. He had fought for -the South, which had failed to gain the victory. -He thought that it was now the duty -of every good man to avoid hate and malice -and do all that he could to build up the -waste places of his dear land. He had been -a soldier for forty years, and, for the first -time since manhood, was in private life.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_98">98</div> -<p>He now enjoyed the company of his wife -and children, and as long as he kept his -parole and the laws in force where he lived, -was thought to be safe. There were, however, -steps taken to try him for treason; but -General Grant went to the President and -told him that his honor was pledged for the -safety of General Lee, and that he wished -him to be let alone. So, General Grant’s -request was granted and no trial took place.</p> -<p>After some months the Lee family left -Richmond and went to live at the house of -a friend in Powhatan county.</p> -<p>The spring and summer of 1865 was spent -by our hero in taking the rest which he so -much needed.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Rĕf′ugee′, one who leaves home for safety.</dd> -<dd>Siēge, the act of besetting a fortified place.</dd> -<dd>Hûrled, thrown.</dd> -<dd>Gēnius, a great mind.</dd> -<dd>Surrĕn′der, the act of yielding to another.</dd></dl> -<dl class="undent"><dt>What do you remember about—</dt> -<dd>Chancellorsville?</dd> -<dd>The death of General Jackson?</dd> -<dd>Gettysburg?</dd> -<dd>The Wilderness?</dd> -<dd>“Lee to the rear?”</dd> -<dd>Cold Harbor?</dd> -<dd>The siege of Richmond and Petersburg?</dd> -<dd>The surrender?</dd> -<dd>General Grant’s kindness?</dd></dl> -<div class="img" id="pic23"> -<img src="images/p24.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="487" /> -<p class="caption">VIRGINIA BATTLE-FIELDS.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_99">99</div> -<h2 id="c6"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER VI.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A College President.</span></h2> -<p>In October, 1865, General Lee became -President of Washington College, in Lexington, -Virginia. Many other places of trust -were offered him, but he chose to lead the -young men of the South in the paths of -peace and learning, as he had so nobly done -in times of war.</p> -<p>General Lee rode on his war-horse, Traveler, -from Powhatan county to Lexington in four -days. As he drew rein in front of the village -inn, an old soldier knew him, gave the military -salute, and, placing one hand upon the -bridle and the other upon the stirrup, stood -and waited for him to dismount.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_100">100</div> -<p>On October 2d, 1865, General Lee took -the oath of office, before William White, Esq., -justice of the peace. The General stood, -dressed in a plain suit of gray, his arms -folded, and his eyes calmly fixed upon Judge -Brockenbrough, as he read the oath of office.</p> -<p>The great chief was now changed into a -college president. “I have,” said he, “a -task which I cannot forsake.” That task -was not easy, for the college had lost much -during the war and now had to be built up -in every way.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic24"> -<img src="images/p25.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="361" /> -<p class="caption">WASHINGTON & LEE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE CHAPEL.</p> -</div> -<p>He went to work with great skill and -energy, and soon all felt that a great man -was leading them.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_101">101</div> -<p>Some one has aptly said, “Suns seem -larger when they set;” so it was with Lee. -At this time of his life he appears nobler -and grander than ever before. In his quiet -study, away from the noise of the world, he -gave his time and talents to the young men -of his dear South. His earnest wish was to -make Washington College a great seat of -learning, and for this he worked and made -wise plans.</p> -<p>In March, 1866, he went to Washington -city to appear as a witness before the committee -which was inquiring into the state of -things in the South. This was his first visit -to any of the cities since the war, and it -caused much comment.</p> -<p>General Fitz. Lee tells us that the day -after his return, he proposed a walk with -one of his daughters, who said, in fun, that -she did not admire the new hat which he -was about to put on. “You do not like my -hat?” said he; “why, there were a thousand -people in Washington the other day -admiring this hat.” This was the only time -that he spoke of the crowds of people who -sought him while in that city.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_102">102</div> -<p>When his nephew, General Fitz. Lee, -wrote to know what he thought of having -the Southern dead moved from the field of -Gettysburg, he said, “I am not in favor of -moving the ashes of the dead unless for a -worthy object, and I know of no fitter resting-place -for a soldier than the field on which -he so nobly laid down his life.”</p> -<p>It is sometimes asked if General Lee was -content in the quiet of his home at Lexington. -This is what he wrote to a friend:</p> -<p>“For my own part, I much enjoy the -charms of civil life, and find, too late, that I -have wasted the best years of my life.”</p> -<p>In his life as College President, duty was, -as ever, his watchword. He knew each student -by name, and just how well he studied.</p> -<p>Once, when asked how a certain young -man was getting along, he said: “He is a -very quiet and orderly young man, but <i>he -seems very careful not to injure the health of -his father’s son</i>. Now, I do not want our -young men to injure their health, but I -want them to come as near it as possible.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_103">103</div> -<p>One of his friends relates that, even amidst -this busy life at college, he found time to be -the most polite gentleman in town. “How -often have I seen him,” says this friend, -“in the stores and shops of Lexington, talking -pleasantly with each new comer; or, -walking a mile through mud and snow to -call on some humble family, who will hand -it down as an event in their lives that they -had a visit from General Lee!”</p> -<p>Seeing, during the first year, that the college -chapel was not large enough, he at once -began to plan for a new one. He chose the -site for it in front of the other houses, so -that it might be in full view. He then had -the plan drawn under his own eye, and did -not rest until it was finished and opened for -the service of God.</p> -<p>In this chapel his body now rests, as I -shall tell you hereafter.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_104">104</div> -<p>Early in 1870, in the midst of these -labors, his health began to fail. There was -a flush upon his cheek, and an air of weariness -about him which alarmed his friends. -Rheumatism of the heart and other parts of -the body had set in, and in March, 1870, he -went south “to look upon other scenes and -enjoy the breezes in the ‘land of sun and -flowers.’” His daughter Agnes went with -him.</p> -<p>On this trip he once more went to see his -father’s grave, on an island off the coast -of Georgia, where, you remember, General -Henry Lee was taken when so ill on board -ship, and where he died. They placed fresh -flowers upon the grave, which they found in -good order, though the house had been burnt -and the island laid waste.</p> -<p>His health seemed better when again at -home; but soon his step was slower, and the -flush upon his cheek began to deepen. “A -noble life was drawing to a close.”</p> -<p>On the morning of October 12, 1870, the -news flashed over the wires that General -Lee was dead. He had taken cold at a vestry -meeting. The church was cold and -damp, and a storm was raging outside. He -grew chilly, and when he reached home was -unable to speak.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_105">105</div> -<div class="img" id="pic25"> -<img src="images/p26.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="674" /> -<p class="caption">GRAVE OF LEE’S FATHER.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_106">106</div> -<p>Mrs. Lee wrote thus of his last hours:</p> -<p>“My husband came in while we were at -tea, and I asked where he had been, as we -had waited some time for him. He did not -reply, but stood up as if to say grace. No -words came from his lips, but with a sad -smile he sat down in his chair.”</p> -<p>He could not speak! A bed was at once -brought to the dining-room, and the doctors -sent for. At first he grew better, but soon -a change came for the worse.</p> -<p>He rarely spoke except when sleeping, and -then his thoughts were with his much-loved -soldiers on the “dreadful battlefields.” -Among his last words were, “Tell -Hill he must come up.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_107">107</div> -<p>Once when General Custis Lee said something -about his getting well, he shook his -head and pointed upward. When his doctor -said, to cheer him, “How do you feel -to-day, General?” General Lee said slowly, -“I feel better.”</p> -<p>The doctor then said:</p> -<p>“You must make haste and get well. -Traveler has been standing so long in the -stable that he needs exercise.”</p> -<p>The General made no reply, but shook his -head and closed his eyes. Once or twice he -put aside his medicine, saying, “It is no -use.”</p> -<p>On October 10th, about midnight, he was -seized with a chill and his pulse became -feeble and rapid. The next day he was seen -to be sinking. He knew those around him, -but was not able to speak. Soon after nine -o’clock on the morning of the 12th, he closed -his eyes on earthly things and his pure soul -took its flight to God.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_108">108</div> -<p>It was thought that the strain and hardships -of war, with sorrow for the “Lost -Cause” and the griefs of his friends, had -caused his death. Yet, to those who saw -his calmness in all the trials of life, it did -not seem true that his great soul had been -worn away by them.</p> -<p>The college chapel was chosen by Mrs. -Lee as a burial place for her husband, and -one-and-a-half o’clock P. M. on the 13th of -October was the time fixed on for moving -the remains to the chapel, where they were -to lie in state until Saturday, the 15th of -October, the day for the burial.</p> -<p>At the hour named, a long procession, -with Professor J. J. White as chief marshal, -was formed. Old soldiers formed an escort -of honor. Just after the escort came the -hearse, preceded by the clergy and twelve -pall-bearers. In rear of the hearse, Traveler, -the iron-gray war-horse of General Lee, was -led by two old soldiers. Then followed a -long line of students, cadets and people.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_109">109</div> -<p>The body was borne to the college chapel -and laid in state upon the dais, the people -passing slowly by, that each one might look -upon the face of the dead. The body was -clad in a simple suit of black and lay in -a coffin, strewed by loving hands with rare, -pale flowers. The chapel was then placed -in charge of the guard of honor. This guard -of students kept watch by the coffin day and -night.</p> -<p>On the 14th, a funeral service was held -in the chapel; and on the 15th of October, -as I have said, the body was home to the -tomb. The flag of Virginia hung at half-mast -above the college and a deep gloom -rested upon all.</p> -<p>As the procession moved off, the bells of -the town began to toll, and the Virginia -Military Institute battery fired minute-guns. -All was simple and without display. Not a -flag was to be seen along the line. The -Rev. J. William Jones tells us as follows:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_110">110</div> -<p>“The old soldiers wore their citizen’s -dress, with black ribbon in the lapel of their -coats; and Traveler, with trappings of mourning -on his saddle, was again led by two old -soldiers. The Virginia Military Institute was -very beautifully draped, and from its turrets -hung at half-mast, and draped in mourning, -the flags of all the States of the late Southern -Confederacy.</p> -<p>“When the procession reached the Institute, -it passed the corps of cadets drawn up -in line, and a guard of honor presented arms -as the hearse went by. When it reached -the chapel, where a large throng had gathered, -the students and cadets, about six hundred -and fifty strong, marched into the left door -and aisle past the remains and out by the -right aisle and door to their proper place.</p> -<p>“The rest of the line then filed in, the -family, with Drs. Barton and Madison, and -Colonels W. H. Taylor and C. S. Venable, -members of General Lee’s staff during the -war, were seated just in front of the pulpit, -and the clergy and the Faculties of the College -and Institute had places on the platform.</p> -<p>“The coffin was again covered with flowers -and evergreens.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_111">111</div> -<p>“Then the Rev. Dr. Pendleton, the dear -friend of General Lee, his Chief of Artillery -during the war, and his rector the past five -years, read the beautiful burial service of -the Episcopal Church. There was no sermon, -and nothing said besides the simple -service, as General Lee had wished.</p> -<p>“When the body had been placed in the -vault, the chaplain read the concluding service -from the bank on the southern side of -the chapel, and then the grand old hymn,</p> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="t0">‘How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord,’</p> -</div> -<p>was sung by the people.</p> -<p>“The vault is of brick and just reaches -the floor of the library. Upon the white -marble are these words:</p> -<p class="center">“‘<span class="sc">Robert Edward Lee</span>, -<br />Born January 19, 1807; -<br />Died October 12, 1870.’”</p> -<p>The white marble top has now been replaced -by the beautiful recumbent statue -by Valentine, a Virginia sculptor.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_112">112</div> -<p>All the South mourned for Lee. Bells -were tolled in cities and villages, and meetings -were held to express the grief of the -people.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic26"> -<img src="images/p27.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="592" /> -<p class="caption">RECUMBENT STATUE OF LEE.</p> -</div> -<p>This is what a little girl wrote to Mrs. -Lee:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_113">113</div> -<p>“I have heard of General Lee, your husband, -and of all his great and noble deeds -during the war. I have also heard lately of -his death. I have read in the papers that -collections are being made for the Lee monument. -I have asked my mother to let me -send some money that I earned myself. I -made some of the money by keeping the door -shut last winter, and the rest I made by -digging up grass in the garden. I send you -all I have. I wish it was more. I am nine -now.</p> -<p><span class="center">“Respectfully,</span> -<span class="jr">“<span class="sc">Maggie McIntyre</span>.”</span></p> -<p>Many noble men and women also wrote to -Mrs. Lee, and money was given, until now -there are two beautiful statues of General -Lee—one in Lexington, where he is buried, -and the other in Richmond, the city he -fought so hard to save.</p> -<p>Virginia mourned for her noble son. The -State Legislature passed a bill making January -19th, the birthday of Robert E. Lee, a -legal holiday.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_114">114</div> -<p>On that day, all over the South, meetings -are held in memory of him, speeches -are made by great men, and children recite -poems which honor his name and deeds.</p> -<p>Perhaps no man has ever lived, so great, -so good, so unselfish as Lee. Duty was the -key-note of his life. In the midst of his -greatness he was humble, simple and gentle. -He loved little children wherever he met -them.</p> -<p>“One day, during the war, a number of -little girls were rolling hoops on the sidewalks -in Richmond, when General Lee came -riding towards them. They stopped playing -to gaze at so great a man. To their surprise, -he threw his rein to his courier, dismounted, -and kissed every one of them. -Then mounting, he rode away, with a sunny -smile of childhood in his heart and plans of -great battles in his mind.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_115">115</div> -<p>“While in Petersburg, in the winter of -1864, he went to preaching one day at a -crowded church, and saw a little girl, dressed -in faded garments, standing just inside the -door and looking for a seat. ‘Come with -me, my little lady,’ said the great soldier, -‘and you shall sit by me.’ Thus the great -chief and poor child sat side by side.”</p> -<p>Once when riding in the mountains with -one of his daughters, they came upon a -group of children who ran at the sight of -him. General Lee called them back and -asked:</p> -<p>“Why are you running away? Are you -afraid of me?”</p> -<p>“Oh! no, sir; but we are not dressed nice -enough to see you.”</p> -<p>“Why, who do you think I am?”</p> -<p>“You are General Lee. We know you by -your picture.”</p> -<p>So great was the love of the people for -Lee that, after the war, almost every home -had some picture of the great chief.</p> -<p>General Lee knew all the children in Lexington -whom he met in his walks and rides, -and it was charming to see their joy when -he would meet them.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_116">116</div> -<p>Once, when calling upon the widow of -General A. P. Hill, her little girl met him -at the door and held out her puppy which -she had named after our hero. “O, General -Lee,” she cried, “here is ‘Bobby Lee’; do -kiss him.” The great man made believe to -kiss him and the child was delighted.</p> -<p>In one of the Sunday-schools of Lexington -a prize was offered to the child who should -bring in the most pupils.</p> -<p>A little boy of five went for his friend, -General Lee, to get him to go to his school. -When told that General Lee went to another -school, he said with a deep sigh, “I am very -sorry. I wish he could go to our school, and -be my new scholar.”</p> -<p>General Lee thought it quite funny, and -said kindly;</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_117">117</div> -<p>“Ah! C——, we must all try to be <i>good -Christians</i>—that is the great thing. I can’t -go to your school to be your new scholar -to-day. But I am very glad you asked me. -It shows that you are zealous in a good -cause, and I hope that you will ever be so -as you grow up. And I do not want you to -think that I am too old to go to Sunday-school. -No one is ever too old to study the -truths of the Bible.”</p> -<p>When he died, all the schools of Lexington -were closed, and the children wept with -the grown people when they heard that their -kind friend was dead.</p> -<p>A gentleman tells this story, which is -quite in keeping with General Lee’s way of -pleasing children:—</p> -<p>“When my little girl, about four years -old, heard of General Lee’s death, she said -to me, ‘Father, I can never forget General -Lee.’ I asked, ‘Why?’ ‘Because, when -Maggie and I were playing at the gate the -other day, and General Lee was riding by, -he stopped and took off his hat and bowed -to us and said, ‘Young ladies, don’t you -think this is the prettiest horse you ever -saw?’ And we said it was a very pretty -horse. ‘Oh, no,’ he said; ‘I want to know -whether Traveler is not the very prettiest -horse you ever saw in your life.’ And when -we looked at him, and saw how white and -gay he was, we said, ‘Yes.’ Then he -laughed and said, ‘Well, if you think he is -so pretty, I will just let you kiss him’; and -then he rode off smiling, and I don’t believe -I can ever forget that.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_118">118</div> -<div class="img" id="pic27"> -<img src="images/p28.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="589" /> -<p class="caption">GENERAL LEE ON TRAVELER.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_119">119</div> -<p>Another gentleman, who was clerk of the -faculty at Washington College, says that -General Lee was very careful about little -things. One day the clerk wrote a letter to -some one at General Lee’s request, in which -he used the term “our students.” When -General Lee looked at it, he said that he -did not like the phrase “our students.” He -said that we had no property rights in the -young men, and he thought it best to say, -“<i>the</i> students,” not “<i>our</i> students.” The -clerk struck out with his pen the word -“our” and wrote “the.” He then brought -the letter to General Lee. “This will not -answer,” said he. “I want you to write the -letter over.” So the clerk had to make a -fresh copy.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_120">120</div> -<p>One day General Lee directed him to go -to the Mess Hall and measure for a stove-pipe. -“Set the stove in its place on its -legs,” he said, “and measure the height to -a point opposite the flue-hole, and then the -space from the joint to the wall.” The man -returned with the measure. “Did you set -the stove on its legs?” asked the General. -The clerk replied no; that the legs were -packed up inside the stove, and that he -simply allowed for the legs. “But I told -you to put the stove on its legs and then -measure. Go back and do as you were -told,” said the General, who was always -kind but meant to be obeyed.</p> -<p>The same gentleman remembers this amusing -incident:—</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_121">121</div> -<p>One day they saw a gentleman coming up -the lawn, and wondered who he was. General -Lee shook hands with him as though he -knew him, and chatted for some time. He -tried in vain to remember his name. In the -meantime Rev. J. William Jones, whose -month it was to lead the services in the -chapel, came up and whispered to General Lee -to introduce the strange clergyman to him, so -that he might ask him to conduct the services -in his place. But General Lee, with -his own ready tact, said: “Mr. Jones, it is -time for service; you had better go in the -chapel.”</p> -<p>After service, when he could do so without -being heard, General Lee asked Mr. Jones to -find out the stranger’s name. He had met -him in the Mexican war but could not recall -his name. Mr. Jones did so, and General -Lee, standing near, heard it, and then, without -making it known that he had forgotten -his friend of the Mexican war, introduced -him to those who were near. He could not -think of hurting the clergyman’s feelings by -letting him know that he had been forgotten.</p> -<p>General Lee was always careful not to -injure what belonged to others.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_122">122</div> -<p>“A Southern Girl” tells this story of him:</p> -<p>“When in Maryland, he gave strict orders -that no harm should be done to property, -and was once seen to get down from his -horse and put up a fence-rail that his men -had thrown down.”</p> -<p>This story of General Lee went the rounds -of the Southern newspapers in 1864:—</p> -<p>“On the train to Petersburg, one very cold -morning, a young soldier, with his arm in a -sling, was making great efforts to put on -his overcoat. In the midst of his trouble, -an officer rose from his seat, went to him -and kindly helped him, drawing the coat -gently over the wounded arm, and then with -a few kind words went back to his seat.</p> -<p>“Now, the officer was not clad in a fine -uniform with a gilt wreath on his collar and -many straps on his sleeves, but he had on -a plain suit of gray, with only the three -gilt stars which every Confederate colonel -could wear. And yet, he was no other than -our chief general, Robert E. Lee, who is not -braver than he is good and modest.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_123">123</div> -<p>In the winter of 1864, some of the cavalry -were moved to Charlottesville, in order to -get food for their horses, and not having -much to do, the officers began to attend -dances. General Lee, hearing of this, wrote -to his son Robert thus:—</p> -<p>“I am afraid that Fitz was anxious to get -back to the ball. This is a bad time for -such things. * * There are too many -Lees on the committee. I like them all to be -at battles, but I can excuse them at balls.”</p> -<p>It is said that during the seven days’ -battle, of which I have told you, he was -sitting under a tree, the shades of evening -hiding even the stars on his coat collar, -when a doctor rode up and said:</p> -<p>“Old man, I have chosen that tree for my -field hospital and I want you to get out of -the way.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_124">124</div> -<p>“I will gladly give way when the wounded -come up, but in the meantime there is plenty -of room for both of us,” was the reply.</p> -<p>The angry man was about to make some -retort when a staff officer rode up and spoke -to his “old man” as General Lee.</p> -<p>The doctor then began to make excuse for -his rudeness, but General Lee said quietly:</p> -<p>“It is no matter, Doctor; there is plenty -of room till your wounded come up.”</p> -<p>This story is often told of him: In 1864, -when General Lee was on the lines below -Richmond, many soldiers came near him -and thus brought to them the fire of the foe. -He said to the soldiers: “Men, you had better -go into the back-yard; they are firing up -here and you might get hurt.”</p> -<p>The men obeyed, but saw their dear General -walk across the yard and pick up some -object and place it in a tree over his head. -They found out that the object he had risked -his life for was only a little bird which had -fallen out of its nest. God had given the -stern chief a heart so tender that he could -pause amid a rain of shot and shell to care -for a tiny fallen birdling.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_125">125</div> -<p>General Lee dearly loved his horses. Once, -when at the springs, he wrote to his clerk in -Lexington and sent this message to his horse, -Traveler: “Tell him I miss him dreadfully.”</p> -<p>Traveler lived only two years after the -death of his master. In the summer of -1872, when he was fifteen years old, the -fine, faithful animal, that had carried the -General through the storms of war and the -calm of his latter years, died of lock-jaw in -Lexington. He was noted for his springy -walk, high spirit, and great strength. When -a colt, he was called Jeff. Davis. The General -changed his name to Traveler. He was -his most famous war-horse.</p> -<p>In the summer of 1862, General Lee -owned a beautiful war-horse called Richmond, -given to him by some friends in the -city of Richmond. But, to the grief of his -master, this pet was short-lived; and what he -writes after his loss, sounds almost as if he -were looking back to the death of a friend:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_126">126</div> -<p>“His labors are over, and he is at rest. -He carried me very faithfully, and I shall -never have so beautiful an animal again.”</p> -<p>General Lee was noted for his want of -hatred towards any one. He called the -Northern soldiers “those people.” Once, in -the midst of a fierce battle, he said to his -son Robert, who was bravely working at a -big gun, “That’s right, my son; drive those -people back.” When told of Jackson’s fatal -wound, his eye flashed fire and his face -flushed as he thought of his great loss; but -he quietly said:</p> -<p>“General Jackson’s plans shall be carried -out. Those people <i>shall be</i> driven back -<i>to-day</i>.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_127">127</div> -<p>The Rev. J. William Jones says—that one -day after the war, as he went up the street, -he saw General Lee standing talking to a -poor man. As the man walked away he -said to him: “That is one of the old soldiers, -and added, ‘he fought on the other -side; but we must not think of that.’”</p> -<p>After the war, when at the springs, a lady -friend pointed to a man near by and said to -General Lee, “That is General ——, of the -Federal Army. He is having quite a dull -time. He is here with his daughters, but -we do not care to have anything to do with -them.”</p> -<p>“I am glad that you told me,” said General -Lee; “I will see at once that they have -a better time.”</p> -<p>After that he took pains to make friends -with “those people,” and so set the fashion -for others. General —— and his daughters -were soon having “a better time.”</p> -<p>General Lee was more than brave and -tender; he was meek, yet with a heart big -enough to love every one of his soldiers, and -great enough to plan long marches and -glorious battles.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_128">128</div> -<p>After the battle of Gettysburg, one of his -officers rode up and told him that his men -were for the most part killed or wounded. -Lee shook hands with him and said: “All -this has been my fault. It is <i>I</i> who have -lost this fight, and you must help me out as -best you can.”</p> -<p>Not once did Lee -cast the blame -where it belonged, -but rode among -his men with such -words of cheer as -these: “All this -will come right in -the end.” “We -want all good and -true men just -now.” “All good men must rally.” In this -way he closed up his broken lines, and -showed such a brave front that Meade did -not deem it well to renew the fight.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic28"> -<img src="images/p29.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="559" /> -<p class="caption">PICKETT’S RETURN AFTER THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_129">129</div> -<p>Once, when some friends were at his house -in Richmond, the Rev. Dr. —— spoke in -sharp terms of the way in which the North -had acted. General Lee said, “Well! it matters -little what they may do to me; I am old, -and have but a short time to live at best.”</p> -<p>When Dr. —— got up to go home, General -Lee went with him to the door and said -to him, “Doctor, there is a good book which -I read, and which you preach from, which -says, ‘Love your enemies, bless them that -curse you, do good to them that hate you.’ -Do you think your speech just now quite in -that spirit?”</p> -<p>When Dr. —— made some excuse, General -Lee said: “I fought the people of the -North because I believed that they were -seeking to wrest from the South her rights. -* * * I have never seen the day when I -did not pray for them.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_130">130</div> -<p>One day during the war, as they were -looking at the hosts of the foe, one of his -generals said, “I wish those people were all -dead!” General Lee, with that grace which -was his own, said, “How can you say so? -Now, I wish that they would all go home -and leave us to do the same.”</p> -<p>At the close of the war, some of our best -men went to seek homes in other lands. -This, General Lee deemed wrong. He thought -that the men of the South should stay at -home and build up what had been laid -waste by war. He wrote to one of his -friends thus: “She (Virginia) has need for -all of her sons, and can ill afford to spare -you.” Once more he wrote: “I think the -South needs the aid of her sons more than -at any time of her history. As you ask, I -will state that I have no thought of leaving -her.”</p> -<p>In a word, the welfare of the impoverished, -desolated South was his chief concern. He -kept in sight the honor of the South, but not -that hate to the North which brought no good.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_131">131</div> -<p>A lady who had lost her husband in the -war, and had brought her two sons to college, -spoke in sharp terms of the North to -General Lee. He gently said: “Madam, do -not train up your children as foes to the -Government of the United States. * * -We are one country now. Bring them up -to be Americans.” Thus did this grand -man, with a sad heart, try to do his duty at -all times and on all occasions.</p> -<p>Though meek in the way I have told you, -General Lee was at the same time too proud -to take the aid which, from time to time, his -friends would offer him. They knew that -he had lost his “all” by the war, and felt -that he should now be helped, so that he -might pass his days without care. But this -proud man would take no aid. When, in a -quiet way, the trustees of the college gave -the house in which he lived to Mrs. Lee, and -also the sum of three thousand dollars each -year, he wrote, in Mrs. Lee’s name, a kind -but firm letter and declined the gift.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_132">132</div> -<p>After his death, they again deeded the -home to Mrs. Lee and sent her a check for -a large sum of money. But she, with the -pride of her husband, sent back the check -and would not let the funds of the college be -taken for her use.</p> -<p>General Lee was always neat in his attire. -This trait was the cause of much comment -at the time of the “surrender.”</p> -<p>General Sharp, of the Federal Army, -says:</p> -<p>“It was late in the day when it was -known that General Lee had sent for General -Grant. The surrender took place in -the left-hand room of an old house which -had a hall-way through it. In that -room were a few officers, of whom I was -one.</p> -<p>“A short space apart sat two men. The -larger and taller of the two was the more -striking. His hair was as white as snow. -There was not a speck upon his coat; not a -spot upon those gauntlets that he wore, -which were as bright and fair as a lady’s -glove. That was Robert E. Lee. The other -was Ulysses S. Grant. His boots were -muddy, and he wore no sword.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_133">133</div> -<div class="img" id="pic29"> -<img src="images/p30.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="719" /> -<p class="caption">LEE AND GRANT.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_134">134</div> -<p>“The words that passed between Lee and -Grant were few. General Grant, while the -men wrote out the terms of the surrender, -said: ‘General Lee, I have no sword; I rode -all night.’ And General Lee, with the pride -which became him well, made no reply, but -in a cold, formal way, bowed.</p> -<p>“Then General Grant, in the attempt to -be polite, said: ‘I don’t always wear a -sword.’</p> -<p>“Lee only bowed again.</p> -<p>“Some one else then said: ‘General Lee, -what became of the white horse you rode in -Mexico? He may not be dead yet; he was -not so old.’</p> -<p>“General Lee again bowed and said: ‘I -left him at the White House, on the Pamunkey -river, and I have not seen him -since.’</p> -<p>“Then there were a few words, which -we could not hear, spoken in a low tone -of voice between Grant and Lee.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_135">135</div> -<p>“At last, when the terms of surrender -had all been signed, Lee arose, cold and -proud, and bowed to each man on our side -in the room. And then he went out and -passed down that little square in front of -the house, and mounted the gray horse that -had carried him all over Virginia.</p> -<p>“When he had gone we learned what the -low-toned words had meant. General Grant -turned and said: ‘You go and ask each -man that has three rations to turn over two -of them, and send them on to General Lee. -His men are on the point of starvation.’”</p> -<p>This calm, proud man was the same who -a few hours before had said: “Then there is -nothing left me but to go and see General -Grant, and I would rather die a thousand -deaths.” His superb, proud mien won from -the foe only praise and respect.</p> -<p>I must here give you General Fitzhugh -Lee’s picture of the two generals at that -time:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_136">136</div> -<p>“Grant, not yet forty-three years old, five -feet eight inches tall, shoulders slightly -stooped, hair and beard nut-brown, wearing -a dark-blue blouse; top-boots, pants inside; -dark thread gloves; without spurs or sword, -and no marks of rank save the straps of a -general.</p> -<p>“Lee, fifty-eight years old, six feet tall, -hair and beard silver-gray; a handsome -uniform of Confederate gray, buttoned to the -throat, with three stars on collar, fine top-boots -with spurs, new gauntlets, and at his -side a splendid sword.” Lee wore his best -in honor of the cause for which he fought.</p> -<p>General Lee never touched tobacco, brandy -or whiskey; he was always a sober man. -Just as he was starting to the Mexican war, -a lady in Virginia gave him a bottle of fine -old whiskey, saying that he would be sure -to need it, and that it was very fine. On -his return home he sent the bottle, unopened, -to his friend to convince her that he could -get along without whiskey.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_137">137</div> -<p>General Lee once proposed to treat some -of his officers, saying, “I have a demijohn -which I know <i>is of the best</i>.” The demijohn -was brought, and the cups, held out for the -treat, were filled to the brim—not with old -“Rye,” but with fresh buttermilk, which a -kind lady had sent. The General seemed -to enjoy the joke hugely.</p> -<p>Being once asked to a fine dinner, he refused -all the good dishes, and said to the -lady of the house: “I cannot consent to be -feasting while my poor men are nearly -starving.”</p> -<p>It was his way to send any nice thing he -might have to the sick and wounded in the -hospitals.</p> -<p>A lady relates that when her brother -was badly wounded near Petersburg, he was -taken to a tent near a hospital, out of -range of the fire of the foe. One day General -Lee came riding up and went in to see -the wounded man. He took him gently by -the hand and told him to cheer up and get -well; that he had use for all brave men like -him. Then he drew two fine peaches from -his pocket and laid them on the side of the -cot.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_138">138</div> -<p>Tears trickled down the wounded man’s -pale cheeks as he listened to these kind -words, and felt that his chief cared so -much for him, a private soldier.</p> -<p>Near the close of the war, when meat had -become quite scarce, an aide of President -Davis’, being at headquarters, was asked to -dine. The meal spread on the rough board -was corn-bread, and a small piece of meat in -a large mess of greens. The aid saw that -the meat was not touched, though General -Lee had asked all to take a piece of it. -When the meal was over, the aide asked one -of the men why the meat was not eaten. -The reply was, that it had been loaned by a -friend to cook with the greens, and had to -be returned.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_139">139</div> -<p>It was General Lee’s wish to fare just as -his men did. When, during the siege of -Petersburg, Mrs. Lee, fearing the great strain -would be too much for him begged him -to take more care of his health, he wrote: -“But what care can a man give to himself -in time of war?” He then went on -to say that he lived in a tent in order to be -near his men and the officers with whom -he had to act; that he had been offered -rooms by kind friends, but that he could -not turn their homes into a camp.</p> -<p>An English officer wrote this account of -Lee’s headquarters in 1862: “Lee’s headquarters -I found were only seven or eight -pole-tents, with their backs to a stake-fence, -while a little stream of good water flowed -close by. In front of the tents were three -wagons, and a number of horses roamed over -the fields. No guards were seen near, and -no crowd of aids swarmed about. A large -farm-house stood close by, which would have -made a good home for the General, but Lee -does not let his men rob or disturb the people, -and likes to set them a good example.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_140">140</div> -<p>It was in this way that he gained the -great love of his men.</p> -<p>A short time after the surrender, two -ragged Confederates, just from prison in the -North, waited upon the General and said -that there were sixty other fellows around -the corner who were too ragged to come. -They had sent these two to offer their loved -chief a home in the mountains of Virginia. -“We will give you,” said one of them, “a -good house and a fine farm. We boys will -work for you and you shall never want.”</p> -<p>Tears came to the eyes of General Lee as -he told them that he must decline their gift. -The offer of these men was but the feeling of -the whole South. Though poor themselves, -they would have given him houses, lands -and money had he let them.</p> -<p>Just after the war, General Lee received -the following letter from one of his old soldiers:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_141">141</div> -<blockquote> -<p>“Dear General:</p> -<p>“We have been fighting hard four years, and -now the Yankees have got us in Libby Prison. -They are treating us awful bad. The boys want -you to get us out if you can; but if you can’t, just -ride by the Libby and let us see you and give -you a cheer. We will all feel better for it.”</p> -</blockquote> -<div class="img" id="pic30"> -<img src="images/p31.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="421" /> -<p class="caption">LIBBY PRISON.</p> -</div> -<p>This letter touched the tender heart of -Lee, as well as this story which was told to -him by Rev. J. William Jones: After the -war, the latter was riding along a road one -day, when he saw a young man plowing in -a field, guiding the plow with one hand, -for on the other side was an empty sleeve.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_142">142</div> -<p>He soon saw that the man plowing was a -soldier whom he had known, and stopped to -speak to him. In fact, he had known the -young man from boyhood; how, at the first -tap of the drum he had gone to fight for his -native State; and how he had been maimed -for life, and had gone home to find that he -must work with one arm for his bread, as his -fortune had been wrecked by the war. When -he told the young man how sad it made him -to see him thus, the latter said: “Oh! it is -all right. I thank God that I have <i>one</i> arm -left, and can use it for those I love.”</p> -<p>When the Rev. Mr. Jones told this to -General Lee, his face flushed, and he said: -“What a noble fellow! But it is just like -one of our soldiers. The world has never -seen nobler men than those who belonged to -the Army of Northern Virginia.”</p> -<p>The real corner-stone of Lee’s life was -his trust in God. Whatever came to him he -always said, “God’s will be done.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_143">143</div> -<p>The death of the wife of his son, General -W. H. Fitzhugh Lee, gave General Lee much -grief. The former General was wounded and -taken prisoner. While in prison his lovely -wife died. In this bitter grief, General Lee -wrote to his son these words:</p> -<p>“My whole trust is in God, and I am -ready for whatever He may ordain.”</p> -<p>While the army was at Mine Run, in November, -1863, and a battle was at hand, -General Lee, with a number of officers riding -down the line of battle, came upon a party -of soldiers who were holding a prayer-meeting. -The shooting had begun along the -lines, the cannon were already roaring, and -the mind and heart of the great chief were -on the battle. Yet, as he saw these men -bent in prayer, he dismounted and joined in -the simple worship. So these humble men -led the devotions of their loved General.</p> -<p>One day in 1865, while riding along the -lines with his staff, General Lee met the Rev. -J. William Jones, who was giving tracts to -the men in the trenches. He at once reined -in his horse and spoke to this “man of God,” -while the officers crowded around.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_144">144</div> -<p>General Lee asked if he ever had calls for -prayer-books, and said that if he would come -to his headquarters he would give him -some—that a friend in Richmond had given -him a new book; and upon his saying to his -friend that he would give his old book, that -he had used ever since the Mexican war, to -some soldier, the friend offered him a dozen -new books for the old one. He had, of course, -taken so grand an offer, and now had twelve, -in place of one, to give away.</p> -<p>When the Rev. Mr. Jones called, General -Lee was out, but had left the books for -Mr. Jones with one of his staff. He had -written on the fly-leaf of each book, “Presented -by R. E. Lee.”</p> -<p>We are sure that if any of these books -were saved amid the din and stress of war, -they are now much prized by those who -own them.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_145">145</div> -<p>These are some of the words which General -Lee would use when his army had gained the -day: “Thanks be to God.” “God has again -crowned the valor of our troops with success.” -Again, upon a fast-day, he said in an order, -“Soldiers! let us humble ourselves before the -Lord our God, asking, through Christ, the -forgiveness of our sins.”</p> -<p>With the close of the war, the piety of this -great man seemed to increase. His seat at -church was always filled, unless he was kept -away by sickness, and he was ever ready -for good works. He did not find fault with -preachers, as so many do, but was most fond -of those who were simple and true to the -teachings of the Bible.</p> -<p>Once he said to a friend: “Do you think -that it would be any harm for me to hint to -Mr. —— that we should be glad if he made -his <i>morning prayers</i> a little short? You -know our friend makes this prayer too long. -He prays for the Jews, the Turks, and the -heathen, and runs into the hour for our College -recitations. Would it be wrong for me -to hint to Mr. —— that he confine his -morning prayers to us <i>poor sinners at the -College</i>, and pray for the Turks, the Jews, -the Chinese, and other heathen some other -time?”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_146">146</div> -<p>General Lee was a constant reader of the -Bible. One of his friends relates that, as he -watched beside his body the day after death, -he picked up from the table a well-worn -pocket Bible, in which was written in his -own hand, “R. E. Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel of -U. S. Army.” This little book had been the -light of his pathway through many trials.</p> -<p>General Lee gave freely of his small means -to his church and to the poor. At a vestry -meeting which took place the evening of his -illness, the sum of fifty-five dollars was needed -for the pay of the Rector. Though he had -before given his share, General Lee said in -a low voice, “I will give the sum.” These -were the last words he spoke to the vestry, -and this giving was his last public act.</p> -<p>His love for his wife and children is shown -by the tender, loving letters he wrote when -away from them. During the Civil War his -anxiety for them was great.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_147">147</div> -<p>Just before the Northern army crossed the -Potomac, in 1861, Mrs. Lee left her beautiful -home, Arlington, and came South. Arlington -was at once seized by the Northern -Government, and the grounds were taken -for a burial-place for the Northern soldiers.</p> -<p>Mrs. Lee and her -daughters then -sought a home at -the “White House,” -on the Pamunkey -river, where Washington -married -the “Widow Custis,” -and which had been -left by Mr. Custis to -one of General Lee’s sons. Mrs. Lee -and her daughters were soon driven from -there by the hosts of McClellan, and the -house was burned to the ground. At last, -they found a home in Richmond, where they -lived until the close of the war.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic31"> -<img src="images/p32.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="518" /> -<p class="caption">RESIDENCE OF GENERAL LEE IN RICHMOND.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_148">148</div> -<p>Mrs. Lee’s health had failed, but a large -part of her time was spent in knitting socks -for the poor bare-footed soldiers of the South. -Her brave daughters, also, knit socks, -and nursed the sick and wounded soldiers.</p> -<p>Those were -sad times, and -the Lee family -suffered most -heavily.</p> -<p>The death of -her noble husband -was a -great shock to -Mrs. Lee, who -was then not -able to walk -without aid. -She did not survive him many years, and -now rests beside him in the College chapel -at Lexington, Virginia. Their daughter -Agnes, who died shortly after her father, -is buried in the same place.</p> -<div class="img" id="pic32"> -<img src="images/p33.jpg" alt="" width="442" height="599" /> -<p class="caption">MARY CUSTIS LEE.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_149">149</div> -<p>Close by is the grave of Stonewall Jackson. -How meet that these two friends and heroes -should rest so near each other!</p> -<p>The blue mountains of their loved Virginia -keep “watch and ward” over their graves; -and each year, pilgrims from every part of -the land come to visit their tombs and place -fresh flowers and green wreaths upon them.</p> -<p>General Custis Lee was made President of -the College in his father’s place. The College -is now called the “Washington and Lee -University,” after Washington and Lee, the -two great names in the history of our -country.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Cŏn′cōurse, a crowd of people.</dd> -<dd>Cou′rier (kōō′rier), a man who carries an order for an officer.</dd> -<dd>Pĭl′grim, a traveler to holy places.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_150">150</div> -<dl class="undent"><dt>Tell me—</dt> -<dd>What General Lee became in 1865.</dd> -<dd>Something about his work.</dd> -<dd>His visit to the South in 1870.</dd> -<dd>His illness and death.</dd> -<dd>What day is kept throughout the South in memory of Lee?</dd> -<dd>About Mrs. Lee.</dd> -<dd>The tomb of Lee.</dd> -<dd>Washington and Lee University.</dd></dl> -<div class="img" id="pic33"> -<img src="images/p34.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="565" /> -<p class="caption">LEE’S COAT OF ARMS.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_151">151</div> -<h2 id="c7"><span class="h2line1">CHAPTER VII.</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">A People’s Hero.</span></h2> -<p>After the death of General Lee, many -speeches were made in his praise, and many -letters were written telling of the sorrow of his -friends. These letters came not only from -the South, but from the North, and other -lands.</p> -<p>The New York <i>Sun</i> thus closes its notice:</p> -<p>“His death will awaken great grief through -the South, and many people in the North -will drop a tear of sorrow on his bier. * * * -In General Lee, an able Soldier, a sincere -Christian, and an honest man has been taken -from earth.”</p> -<p>The New York <i>Herald</i> said these kind -words of him:</p> -<p>“In a quiet autumn morning, in the land -he loved so well, and, as he held, he had -served so faithfully, the spirit of Robert E. -Lee left the clay which it had so much -ennobled, and traveled out of this world -into the great and unknown land. * * *</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_152">152</div> -<div class="img" id="pic34"> -<img src="images/p35.jpg" alt="" width="471" height="619" /> -<p class="caption">GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_153">153</div> -<p>“Not to the Southern people alone shall -be limited the tribute of a tear over the dead -Virginian. Here in the North, forgetting -that the time was when the sword of Robert -E. Lee was drawn against us, we have long -since ceased to look upon him as the Confederate -leader, but have claimed him as one -of ourselves; for Robert Edward Lee was an -American, and the great nation which gave -him birth would to-day be unworthy of such -a son if she looked upon him lightly.”</p> -<p>The Pall Mall <i>Gazette</i>, London, England, -said:</p> -<p>“The news from America, that General -Robert E. Lee is dead, will be received with -great sorrow by many in this country, as -well as by his fellow-soldiers in America.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_154">154</div> -<p>“It is but a few years since Robert E. Lee -ranked among the great men of his time. -He was the able soldier of the Southern -Confederacy, the leader who twice threatened, -by the capture of Washington, to turn the -tide of success and cause a revolution which -would have changed the destiny of the United -States.”</p> -<p>The London <i>Standard</i> gave this tribute to -Lee:</p> -<p>“A country which has given birth to men -like him, and those who followed him, may -look the chivalry of Europe in the face without -shame; for the lands of Sidney and of -Bayard never brought forth a nobler soldier, -gentleman and Christian, than Robert E. -Lee.”</p> -<p>He was called “the great captain of his -age”—“the great general of the South”—“a -good knight, noble of heart and strong of -purpose, and both a soldier and a gentleman.”</p> -<p>These beautiful words were said of him in -a speech soon after his death:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_155">155</div> -<p>“General Lee’s fame is not bounded by -the limits of the South, nor by the continent. -I rejoice that the South gave him birth. I -rejoice that the South will hold his ashes. -But his fame belongs to the human race. -Washington, too, was born in the South and -sleeps in the South, but his fame belongs to -mankind. We place the name of Lee by -that of Washington. They both belong to -the world.</p> -<p>“There is one thing more I wish to say -before I take my seat. General Lee’s fame -ought to rest on its true foundation. He did -not draw his sword in the cause of slavery—he -did not seek to overthrow the Government -of the United States. He drew it in the -defense of constitutional liberty. That cause -is not dead, but will live forever.”</p> -<p>General W. Preston spoke of him thus:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_156">156</div> -<p>“I knew him first when he was a captain. -* * At that time, General Scott -had decided upon General Lee as a man who -would make his mark if he were ever called -upon to do great work. He never drank, he -never swore an oath, but there was never a -dispute among gentlemen in which his voice -was not more potent than any other; his rare -calmness and dignity were above all. When -the war came on, he followed his native -State, Virginia. * * Scott maintained -that Lee was the greatest soldier in the -army. * *</p> -<p>“I remember when Scott made use of these -words: ‘I tell you one thing, if I were on my -death-bed, and knew that a battle was to be -fought for my country, and the President -were to say to me, ‘Scott, who shall command?’ -I tell you that, with my dying -breath, I would say Robert Lee. Nobody -but Robert Lee! Robert Lee, and nobody -but Lee!”</p> -<p>These extracts would not be complete -without this one, bearing upon his life as a -teacher:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_157">157</div> -<p>“And it is an honor for all the colleges of -the South, and for all our schools, that this -pure and bright name is joined by the will -of him that bore it with the cause of education. -We believe that, so long as the name of -Lee is cherished by Southern teachers, they -will grow stronger in their work. They will be -encouraged to greater efforts when they remember -that Lee was one of their number, -and that his great heart, that had so bravely -borne the fortunes of an empire, bore also, -amid its latest aspirations, the interests and -hopes of the teacher.”</p> -<p>A great public honor was paid to our -hero when the bronze statue by Mercié -(Mersea) was unveiled in Richmond.</p> -<p>Shortly after the death of General Lee, a -few ladies met in a parlor in Richmond and -formed a society known as the Ladies’ Lee -Monument Association. Their plan was to -erect a monument in Richmond to the memory -of the great chief, and to collect funds -for this purpose from the entire South. They -began at once their labor of love. Though -the South was at that time very poor, the -people gave gladly of their small means -until the Ladies’ Association had collected -over fifteen thousand dollars.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_158">158</div> -<p>Almost at the same time, another “Lee -Monument Association” was formed of the -old soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy, -which had General Jubal A. Early for its -president. The ladies of the Hollywood -Memorial Association were asked to help, -and they proved great workers in the cause.</p> -<p>I cannot tell you the many ways in which -these and other societies worked to raise the -money, but at last there was enough in the -treasury to erect the statue.</p> -<p>In the meantime, General Fitzhugh Lee -was made Governor of Virginia, and he at -once began to take measures to bring about -the erection of the monument. By his efforts -a “Board of Managers” was appointed, whose -work was to choose the design, the artist, -and the site for the monument. The Allen -lot, in the western part of the city, was at -last chosen for the site, and was accepted as -the gift of Mr. Otway Allen, June 18th, 1887. -It was then the duty of the Board to find a -sculptor worthy to execute this great work.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_159">159</div> -<p>After many trials, the Board selected -Monsieur Mercie, a Frenchman, who was -both a painter and a sculptor of note. In -the summer of 1887, the best photographs of -General Lee, as well as one of his shoes and -his uniform, were sent to the sculptor. A -small spur, such as General Lee wore, was -taken over to France by Miss Randolph, -who was one of the Board of Managers. -Monsieur Mercie told her that when General -Lee’s shoe was sent to him, there was no one -in his household, except his twelve-year-old -boy, with a foot small enough to wear it.</p> -<p>In working out the likeness to General -Lee, Monsieur Mercie had the good fortune -to have Miss Mary Lee, who was then in -Paris, as a critic of his work.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_160">160</div> -<p>On the 27th of October, 1887, the cornerstone -was laid with splendid rites, and on -the 3rd of May, 1890, the statue reached Richmond -by way of New York. It was packed -in three boxes. On the 7th of May, each box -was placed in a separate wagon, from which -waved the flags of Virginia and the Confederacy. -Then, one wagon was drawn by -men of the city, one by old soldiers, and one -by women and girls—the fine lady and her -humble sister standing shoulder to shoulder. -They went through the city, pulling the ropes -amid the cheers of twenty thousand people, -until they came to the spot where the statue -was to stand. Such was their love for Lee! -The monument in all is about sixty-one feet -in height, and cost sixty-five thousand dollars. -It shows the General mounted upon -his war-horse, Traveler. His feet touch the -stirrups lightly, after the manner of the -Southern horsemen. He is clad in a plain -uniform. A sash girds his waist, and the -sword of a cavalry officer hangs from his -side. He holds the bridle reins in his left -hand, while in his right is his hat, which he -grasps as if he had just taken it off to acknowledge -the cheers of his men, through -whose ranks we may suppose him to be -passing.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_161">161</div> -<p>The day decided upon for unveiling the -statue was Friday, May 29th, 1890.</p> -<p>From North, South, East and West, -people thronged to do honor to the great -chief.</p> -<p>All the city was then thinking of one -man—Lee, just as, twenty-five years before, -all their hopes had turned to him.</p> -<p>On that day, the sun rose bright and the -people with it. Soon, the noise of tramping -feet and the tap of the drum were heard, and -ere long the glitter of bayonets, the flashing -of sabers and the waving of flags told that -the line was forming. The streets were -crowded, and rang with cheers as some noted -soldier rode by or an old Confederate flag -was waved.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_162">162</div> -<p>At noon, the long line was formed on -Broad street, and the parade began. Every -window, doorway, and even the house-tops -along the line of march, were filled with -people eager to see the great parade, which -stretched through the streets four miles in -moving mass.</p> -<p>General Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of the -hero, who had been one of his most daring -cavalry generals during the war, and who -had formerly been Governor of Virginia, was -chief marshal of the parade. Cheer after -cheer arose as he rode by, wearing the -slouch hat of a cavalryman. “Our Fitz,” -as his men loved to call him, “was himself -again.”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_163">163</div> -<p>The guests rode in open carriages, and -among them were Misses Mary and Mildred -Lee; and General W. H. Fitzhugh Lee, wife -and sons. They were followed by band -after band of volunteer troops from all the -Southern States, in the following order: -South Carolina, North Carolina, Mississippi, -Texas, Maryland, District of Columbia, Alabama, -West Virginia and Virginia. Behind -these marched the veterans—men who had -fought in the Civil War, and who came from -all parts of the South. Brave men were -there from Texas, the far-off “Lone Star -State.” With the veteran troops from Louisiana -was “the old war-horse” Longstreet, -who had led the First Corps of the Army of -Northern Virginia; and at the head of the -Georgia men was the tried and true Gordon. -Gallant sons of Florida, Mississippi and -Alabama were in line with the brave men -of North and South Carolina. Veterans -from Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Maryland, -West Virginia and Virginia were also -there to honor the memory of their leader.</p> -<p>Whenever and wherever these veterans -were seen, they were greeted with hearty -cheers. Some were clad in their old gray -uniforms, faded and worn, and in many cases, -full of bullet-holes. Here and there along -the line could be seen the old and tattered -flags of the Confederacy.</p> -<p>After the veterans, came the civic orders -in Richmond, the students of Washington -and Lee University, and the corps of cadets -from the historic Virginia Military Institute.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_164">164</div> -<p>The cross-bars and battle-flags of the Confederacy -floated in the breeze by the side of -the “Stars and Stripes,” which meant that -the people of the United States were one -nation.</p> -<p>As the line moved along the streets -decked with floating flags and gay bunting, -the sound of the many feet was lost in loud -and hearty cheers that arose from doors, -house-tops and crowded sidewalks.</p> -<p>At last, the throng at the grandstand heard -the roll of the drum and the nearing din of -the parade, and soon the bright line swept -into view. The crowd was so dense that -persons on the grandstand could not be seen -by those on the ground. Ringing cheers -arose, not once, but time and time again, as -the great men took their places on the stand, -and it was as late as 3:45 o’clock P. M. when -Governor McKinney stepped forward to make -the opening speech.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_165">165</div> -<p>Then there was prayer by Rev. Dr. Minnigerode, -who was rector of St. Paul’s -church during the war, at which church -General Lee worshiped when in Richmond.</p> -<p>When the prayer ended, the band played -Dixie, the war-song of the South, with whose -strains the old soldiers had so often been -thrilled as they marched into battle. Then -there was a great noise which at last wore -itself away, and General Early rose and -spoke a few words of cheer to the old soldiers.</p> -<p>The orator of the day was Colonel -Archer Anderson, who pictured scene after -scene in the life of General Lee with great -force and clearness. Again the grand hero -seemed to live and act in their midst—to -lead them on to victory or to teach them -how to bear defeat.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_166">166</div> -<p>When the speaker took his seat, amid -cheers, General Joseph E. Johnston arose -and with two old soldiers marched to the -base of the monument. Each of the soldiers -carried a battle flag, tattered and torn by -shot and shell. When the monument was -reached, General Johnston pulled the rope, -and one part of the veil fell off. Another -pull brought off the rest of the veil, and the -splendid statue was in plain view of the -eager multitude. A score of old soldiers -mounted its base and waved their old Confederate -flags in loyal, eager love for their -dead chief. Mighty cheers broke from the -watching throng, like the wild breaking of -a storm, but at last they died away.</p> -<p>Up there, against the blue sky, kissed by -the rays of the setting sun, in the midst of -his own people, was the matchless face and -form of Lee.</p> -<p>Some wept, others shouted, but all thanked -God that he had given to America such a -son as Lee.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_167">167</div> -<p>Seldom had men looked on such a scene -before. At last the crowd went slowly -away, leaving their hero in bronze to keep -silent watch over the city he loved so well. -Beneath him were the homes of his friends, -and beyond, in “Hollywood” and “Oakwood,” -Richmond’s “cities of the dead,” -were the graves of his fallen heroes, and far -away, across and a-down the James, were -his battlefields.</p> -<p>As time rolls on, statue and city will pass -away. But the name and virtues of Robert -E. Lee will never die, for they are written in -the history of his country and in the Book -of Life, and will live beyond the shores of -Time.</p> -<hr /> -<dl class="undent"><dd>Monsieur (mōsyur′), a French word for Mr.</dd> -<dd>Sincēré′, honest.</dd> -<dd>Acknowledge (aknŏl′eg), to own a gift or favor.</dd> -<dd>Pōt′ent, strong, having power.</dd> -<dd>Sĭd′ney, an English patriot.</dd> -<dd>Bayard (bā′yär′), a French hero.</dd> -<dd>Pā′triot, one who loves his country.</dd></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_168">168</div> -<dl class="undent"><dt>Tell about—</dt> -<dd>A great honor paid to Lee.</dd> -<dd>The laying of the corner-stone.</dd> -<dd>The monument.</dd> -<dd>The parade.</dd> -<dd>The unveiling.</dd> -<dd>The undying fame of Lee.</dd></dl> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p36.jpg" alt="FINIS" width="400" height="244" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_169">169</div> -<h2 id="c8"><span class="h2line1">GENERAL R. E. LEE’S</span> -<br /><span class="h2line2">Farewell Address to His Soldiers.</span></h2> -<blockquote> -<p><span class="center"><span class="sc">Headquarters Army Northern Virginia</span>,</span> -<span class="jr"><span class="sc">Appomattox C. H.</span>, April 10, 1865.</span></p> -<p><b>General Orders No. 9.</b></p> -<p>After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed -courage and fortitude, the <span class="sc">Army of Northern Virginia</span> has -been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.</p> -<p>I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles, -who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented -to this result from no distrust of them; but, feeling that valor -and devotion could accomplish nothing that would compensate -for the loss that must have attended a continuance of the contest, -I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose -past services have endeared them to their countrymen.</p> -<p>By the terms of the Agreement, Officers and men can return -to their homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with -you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty -faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God -will extend to you His blessing and protection. With an unceasing -admiration of your constancy and devotion to your Country, -and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration -for myself, I bid you all an Affectionate Farewell.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p36a.jpg" alt="R E Lee" width="250" height="83" /> -</div> -</blockquote> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Copyright notice provided as in the original—this e-text is public domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>Created cover and spine images based on elements of the printed book.</li> -<li>Added a Table of Contents based on chapter headings in the printed book.</li> -<li>In the text versions, delimited italics text in _underscores_ (the HTML version reproduces the font form of the printed book.)</li> -<li>Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and dialect unchanged.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee, For -Children, by Mary L. 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