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- margin-right: 5%; - margin-top: 4em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - padding: 1em; -} -.covernote {visibility: hidden; display: none;} - -.gesperrt { - letter-spacing: 0.2em; - margin-right: -0.2em; -} -.wspace {word-spacing: .3em;} - -.ilb {display: inline-block;} - -@media print, handheld -{ - h1, .chapter, .newpage {page-break-before: always;} - h1.nobreak, h2.nobreak, .nobreak {page-break-before: avoid; padding-top: 0;} - - p { - margin-top: .5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .25em; - } - - table {width: 100%; max-width: 100%;} - - .tdl { - padding-left: 1em; - text-indent: -1em; - padding-right: 0; - } - - img.drop-cap { - float: none; display: none; visibility: hidden; - margin: 0 auto 1em 0; - } - p.drop-cap:first-letter { - color: inherit; - visibility: visible; - margin-left: 0; - text-indent: 0; - font-size: 100%; - } - - p.drop-cap.a:first-letter, p.drop-cap.d:first-letter, p.drop-cap.e:first-letter, - p.drop-cap.g:first-letter, p.drop-cap.i:first-letter, p.drop-cap.l:first-letter, - p.drop-cap.m:first-letter, p.drop-cap.n:first-letter, p.drop-cap.p:first-letter, - p.drop-cap.w:first-letter {margin-left: 0;} - -} - -@media handheld -{ - body {margin: 0;} - - .ilb {display: block; text-align: right; margin-right: 0;} - - hr { - margin-top: .1em; - margin-bottom: .1em; - visibility: hidden; - color: white; - width: .01em; - display: none; - } - - .transnote { - page-break-inside: avoid; - margin-left: 2%; - margin-right: 2%; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - padding: .5em; - } - - .covernote {visibility: visible; display: block; text-align: center;} -} - </style> - </head> - -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Buildings of New York, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Old Buildings of New York - With Some Notes Regarding Their Origin and Occupants - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: September 23, 2019 [EBook #60342] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD BUILDINGS OF NEW YORK *** - - - - -Produced by ellinora, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="transnote covernote"> - -<p class="center larger">Transcriber’s Note</p> -<p>Cover created by Transcriber by adding a photograph -from the original book to the Title Page of the -original book. The result remains in the Public Domain.</p> -</div> - -<div class="right"><div class="ilb"> -<h1>Old Buildings<br /> -<i class="small">of</i><br /> -<span class="in05">New York City</span></h1> -</div></div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="newpage p4 center"> -<p class="xlarge vspace"> -OLD BUILDINGS<br /> -<span class="small">OF</span><br /> -<span class="larger">NEW YORK CITY</span></p> - -<p class="p1 vspace wspace larger">WITH SOME NOTES REGARDING<br /> -THEIR ORIGIN AND OCCUPANTS</p> - -<p class="p2 vspace gesperrt larger">NEW YORK<br /> -<span class="larger">BRENTANO’S</span><br /> -MCMVII -</p> - -<hr /> - -<p class="newpage p4"><i>Copyright, 1907, by Brentano’s</i></p> - -<p class="p2 wspace smaller">THE TROW PRESS, NEW YORK</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Subjects" class="chapter"> -<h2>Subjects</h2> - -<table id="toc" summary="Subjects (Contents)"> - <tr> - <td class="tdc chap" colspan="2"><a href="#Introductory">BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN</a></td></tr> - <tr class="small"> - <td> </td> - <td class="tdr">PAGE</td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Number Seven State Street</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_19">19</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Fraunces’s Tavern</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_23">23</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Sub-Treasury and Assay Office</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_27">27</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Bank of New York</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_29">29</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">St. Paul’s Chapel</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_33">33</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">City Hall</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_39">39</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Astor Library</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_43">43</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Langdon House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_45">45</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">St. Mark’s Church</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_49">49</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Rutherfurd House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_53">53</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Keteltas House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_57">57</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Residence of Eugene Delano</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_59">59</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">First Presbyterian Church</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_61">61</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late James Lenox</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_63">63</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late Robert B. Minturn</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_65">65</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Grace Church</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_67">67</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Society Library</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_69">69</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Cruger House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_73">73</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Abingdon Square</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_77">77</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Gramercy Square</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Gramercy_Square">81</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Residence of John Bigelow</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_83">83</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Luther C. Clark</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_85">85</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence Of the Late James W. Gerard</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_87">87</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">“The Players”—Former Home of Edwin Booth</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_91">91</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Samuel J. Tilden</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_93">93</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">6</span></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Rev. Dr. H. W. Bellows</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_97">97</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Dr. Valentine Mott</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_99">99</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Rectory of Calvary Parish</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_101">101</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Stanford White</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_103">103</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl in4">Former Residence of the Late Cyrus W. Field and the Late David Dudley Field</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_105">105</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late Peter Cooper and the Late Abram S. Hewitt</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_107">107</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">General Theological Seminary</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_111">111</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late William C. Schermerhorn</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_115">115</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Church of the Transfiguration</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_117">117</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Residence of J. Pierpont Morgan</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_121">121</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late Theodore A. Havemeyer</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_123">123</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Former Residence of the Late Senator Edwin D. Morgan</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_125">125</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">The Old Arsenal</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_127">127</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Claremont</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_129">129</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Hamilton Grange</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_139">139</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Jumel House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_143">143</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Gracie House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_151">151</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc chap" colspan="2"><a href="#ip_157">BOROUGH OF THE BRONX</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Gouverneur Morris House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_157">157</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Van Cortlandt House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_167">167</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc chap" colspan="2"><a href="#ip_171">BOROUGH OF QUEENS</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Bowne House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_171">171</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc chap" colspan="2"><a href="#ip_175">BOROUGH OF RICHMOND</a></td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Billop House</span></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_175">175</a></td></tr> -</table> -</div> - - -<hr /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">7</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="right"><div class="ilb"> -<p class="center wspace xlarge">Old Buildings<br /> -<i class="small">of</i><br /> -<span class="in05">New York City</span></p> -</div></div></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span></p> - -<div id="Introductory" class="chapter"> -<h2>Introductory</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_r_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="R" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">Recently</span> a writer in a periodical stated that -“No one was ever born in New York.” It -can be safely said that this is an exaggeration. -Nevertheless it showed the confidence of the writer that -the statement was not likely to startle his readers very -greatly.</p> - -<p>Probably not one in a hundred of the men in the -street know or care anything about the town of fifty -or sixty years ago. Still the number of those who were -familiar with it then is large, however small in comparison -with the whole number. In fact, the number of -those whose predecessors were living here when there -were not more than a thousand people in the whole place -is much greater than is generally supposed.</p> - -<p>It was for people belonging to the two latter classes -that these pictures were taken. They may even interest -some who have known the town for only a generation.</p> - -<p>When a man has traversed the streets of a city for -fifty years, certain buildings become familiar landmarks. -He first saw them perhaps on trudging to school with -his books, and has seen them nearly every day since. -He experiences a slight shock whenever such buildings -are destroyed. There appears something wrong in the -general aspect of the town. Of late years these shocks<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">10</span> -have followed one another so continuously that he may -well wonder whether he is living in the same place.</p> - -<p>It occurred to the writer that it would do no harm -to preserve the pictures of some of the landmarks still -standing, especially as they are getting fewer in number -all the time, and may shortly disappear altogether.</p> - -<p>He regrets that he is unable to show a photographic -presentment of many buildings that have disappeared -in the last fifty years, or even during the life of the -present generation. Some buildings that had a certain -historical interest have been razed in the last twenty-five -years, as, e. g., the Kennedy house,<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">1</a> No. 1 Broadway, -taken down to make way for the Washington Building, -overlooking the Battery Park, or the old Walton house<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">2</a> -in Pearl Street near Franklin Square, removed in 1881, -or the Tombs prison, removed in 1899.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span> -Among buildings that will be recalled to memory -by the older citizens it would have been a satisfaction -to have been able to show pictures of the Brick (Presbyterian) -Church, that stood, with its yard, on Park -Row, taking in the block bounded by Spruce, Nassau, -and Beekman streets; or Burton’s Theater in Chambers -Street; the Irving House, later Delmonico’s, on the corner -of Broadway and the same street; of the old New -York Hospital on Broadway near Thomas Street, standing -far back with its beautiful lawn and grand old trees; -of the St. Nicholas Hotel near Spring Street; of the -old Coster mansion (later a Chinese museum), built of -granite in the style of the Astor House, near Prince -Street; and Tiffany’s place across the way, with the -same Atlas upholding the clock over the door; of the -Metropolitan Hotel on the next block with Niblo’s Garden; -of Bleecker Street with Depau Row;<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">3</a> of Bond -Street with the large Ward (later Sampson) residence -on the corner; the Russell residence on the corner of -Great Jones Street; the famous old New York Hotel; -the Lorillard mansion at Tenth Street; the large -brownstone residence of Judge James Roosevelt, near -Thirteenth Street, famous for the hospitality of its -owners, and the red brick residence of Cornelius V. S. -Roosevelt, grandfather of the President, on the corner<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span> -of Union Square, having the entrance on Broadway.</p> - -<p>The older resident can recall Union Square when the -buildings were nearly all private residences, conspicuous -among which were the Parish house on the north side -and the Penniman (later the Maison Dorée) on the -south. He can recall the stately appearance of Fourteenth -Street westward of Union Square: the Haight -residence on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifteenth -Street, with its large winter garden;<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">4</a> the brownstone -house of Colonel Herman Thorn in Sixteenth Street, -west of the avenue, standing in its wide grounds (now -nearly filled by the New York Hospital); the residence -of Mr. and Mrs. August Belmont (so long leaders in -society), on the avenue, at the corner of Eighteenth -Street, extending with its picture gallery a long distance -on the street; the Stuart residence, which shared the -block above Twentieth Street with a church; and then -the Union Club house at Twenty-first Street. Perhaps -of all the landmarks taken down during the time of the -present generation, none was so well known as the Goelet -house at Broadway and Nineteenth Street, with the -grounds extending eastward toward Fourth Avenue. -Thousands of people passed every day in the short -stretch between the two squares. Mr. Peter Goelet’s -penchant for rare and beautiful birds was a never-ending -delight to every passing child and adult, and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span> -a number were always standing gazing past the iron -railing. Peacocks white and blue, Chinese golden -pheasants, and many other varieties found a comfortable -home in the grounds.</p> - -<p>The appearance of the entire city now gives the -impression of life and bustle. With the exception of -Gramercy Square and Irving Place, there is hardly a -spot in the lower part of the city that now has any -appearance of repose. Thirty years ago the city presented -a wholly different aspect. Fifth Avenue, from -Washington to Madison Square, was, in the opinion of -the writer, one of the finest residence streets anywhere. -At most hours of the day the people on the sidewalks -were comparatively few and there was a very small proportion -of business wagons and trucks that used the -roadway as compared with the numbers that do so to-day. -University Place was a street of nearly the same -character, as was also Second Avenue from Seventh -Street to Stuyvesant Square. This street had a charm -of its own. Lined as it was on either side with spacious -residences, it gave the impression of a street of homes. -The façades of the largest houses were simple and unpretentious, -forming a marked contrast to some of the -houses uptown to-day.</p> - -<p>As regards the matter of repose, it may be said that -twenty-five years ago the palm would clearly have been -given to Lafayette Place. This short street also had a -character of its own. From the Langdon house on the -east side near Astor Place to old St. Bartholomew’s<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">14</span> -Church at Great Jones Street, and from the Langdon -(Wilks) house on the west side to the Schermerhorn -house opposite the church, almost every building had -its individuality. The street was marred by three or -four ancient buildings, which for some reason were not -removed, such as the stable between the Langdon house -and the Astor Library, once the favorite Riding Academy. -The Library still (1906) stands, as does a part -of the old Colonnade, but an earthquake could hardly -have wrought greater changes than has the march of -trade.</p> - -<p>The large mansion of the first John Jacob Astor -stood separated from the Library by a gateway and -broad alley reaching to the stables in the rear. Adjoining -was a group of houses of the style of those in -Washington Square, broad and “high-stooped.” Opposite, -on the corner of Fourth Street, stood a church -whose portico of granite Ionic columns (each a monolith -brought with great trouble from Maine) was one of the -wonders of the town. Almost adjoining was the Swan -residence, since converted into the Church House of the -diocese, and then the Colonnade with its long row of -granite Corinthian columns, considered a marvel in its -day. Next to these was the “English basement” house -of the late Charles Astor Bristed, with arch and driveway -leading to the rear, and on the corner the Langdon -(Wilks) house, when it was built, the finest in town. -Being a short street, blocked at one end and leading -only to Astor Place at the other, the drivers of very<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span> -few vehicles ever took the trouble to turn into it, except -the driver of a private carriage, perhaps a closed -coach drawn by heavy horses (for the cobble stones were -rough); the coachman on a vast hammercloth embellished -with fringes and tassels, as was frequently seen -forty years ago, the footman sometimes standing behind, -his hands grasping two leather loops to hold himself in -place. So quiet was the street that on a pleasant afternoon -the youngsters who dwelt in the neighborhood carried -on their game of ball undisturbed. Perhaps it was -this feature of quiet repose which suggested the suitability -of establishing there the Library, the churches, the -Columbia College Law School, and the Church House.</p> - -<p>The writer might go on and refer extensively to -other ancient streets and the changed aspect of other -places throughout the city, but that is not his present -purpose.</p> - -<p>There are a few old landmarks that are likely to -stand, for example the City Hall, in the opinion of -some the most successful building, as to architectural -design, in the country.</p> - -<p>Abandoned to materialism as the city is and lacking -sentiment, nevertheless any proposal to take down the -City Hall, or even to alter it ever so slightly, meets -with vigorous protests.<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">5</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">16</span> -Possibly people might object if it were proposed to -destroy St. Paul’s Chapel, the oldest church edifice in -the city, and so with a few other buildings; but the -majority of the landmarks must go and hideous skyscrapers -arise, “monuments to greed” as they have been -termed, half ruining adjacent properties.</p> - -<p>It was with a view of preserving the appearance of -some of these landmarks that may be torn down any -day that these pictures were taken. Endeavor has been -made to present those that have been in existence about -fifty years. With two exceptions the buildings represented -are now (1906) standing.</p> - -<p>Mistakes and errors no doubt appear in the text, and -these the writer would be glad to correct. The notes -in no sense profess to be thorough. They are, for the -most part, mere skeletons of what may be said upon the -subjects dealt with.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Number_Seven_State_Street" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_19" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_018.jpg" width="508" height="734" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">19</span></p> - -<h2>Number Seven State Street</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> house was built by Moses Rogers, a prominent -merchant of the latter part of the eighteenth -and the first part of the nineteenth century. -He was a native of Connecticut, his mother being -a daughter of Governor Fitch of that State. He was -in business as early as 1785 at 26 Queen (Pearl) Street. -In 1793 the firm name was Rogers & Woolsey, his partner -being William Walter Woolsey, his brother-in-law, -Mr. Rogers having married Sarah Woolsey, a sister of -the wife of President Dwight of Yale College. In that -year he was living at 272 Pearl Street, near Beekman, -“in a large house with hanging garden extending over -the yard and stable.”<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">6</a></p> - -<p>Mr. Rogers was a merchant of high character and -public spirit. In 1793 he was an active member of the -Society for the Manumission of Slaves. He was a governor -of the New York Hospital from 1792 to 1799, -and in 1797 treasurer of the City Dispensary. From -1787 until 1811 he was a vestryman of Trinity Church, -and in 1793 was a member of the Society for the Relief -of Distressed Prisoners.<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">7</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">20</span> -In the year 1806 he was living in the house here -presented. His sister had married the celebrated merchant -and ship owner, Archibald Gracie. His children -were: (1) Sarah E. Rogers, who married the Hon. -Samuel M. Hopkins; (2) Benjamin Woolsey Rogers, -who married Susan, daughter of William Bayard; (3) -Archibald Rogers, who married Anna, daughter of -Judge Nathaniel Pendleton; and (4) Julia A. Rogers, -who married Francis Bayard Winthrop.<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">8</a> In the year -1826 Benjamin Woolsey Rogers was living in the next -house, Number Five State Street, but after his father’s -death he moved to Number Seven and lived there until -1830.<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> William P. Van Rensselaer, grandson of General -Stephen Van Rensselaer, married successively two -of the daughters of Mr. Rogers. The house during the -ownership of the Rogers family was the scene of many -notable entertainments. These entertainments were frequently -referred to by older members of society who -have now passed away. In 1830 the house was occupied -by Gardiner G. Howland.</p> - -<p>The queerly shaped front was to a certain extent a -necessity. State Street takes a sharp turn and the house -was built at the apex of an angle. The interior was -doubtless an improvement on other houses. The ceilings<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">21</span> -were high, and the staircase, instead of being in -the hall as in older houses, is at the side. It is winding, -of an oval design, with mahogany balustrade. The skylight -was of stained glass, made in England, showing -the coat of arms.</p> - -<p>During the Civil War, the house was taken by the -Government for military uses, and afterwards became -the office of the Pilot Commissioners.</p> - -<p>It is now the house of the mission of Our Lady of -the Rosary.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">22</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Frauncess_Tavern" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_23" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_022.jpg" width="505" height="727" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">23</span></p> - -<h2>Fraunces’s Tavern</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_i_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="I" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap i"><span class="firstword">In</span> the year 1671 Col. Stephen Van Cortlandt -built a cottage on the corner of Broad and -Pearl (then Queen) streets, to which he brought -his bride, Gertrude Schuyler. The house overlooked the -waters of the river and bay. In the year 1700 he deeded -this property to his son-in-law, Etienne de Lancey, probably -wishing to retire to his manor on the Hudson. De -Lancey was a French Huguenot of rank who had left -his native country on the revocation of the edict of -Nantes. He came to New York where he established -himself as a merchant. On these premises he built a -hip-roofed mansion several stories in height, of small -yellow bricks imported from Holland. In dimensions -and arrangement it ranked among the best in the colony. -The property descended through his son James -to his grandson Oliver. This part of the town having -by that time become the business quarter in 1757, the -house was abandoned as a residence and became the -warehouse of De Lancey, Robinson & Co. On January -17, 1762, the building was transferred to Samuel -Fraunces, who converted it into a tavern under the name -of the “Queen’s Head,” and announced that dinner -would be served daily at half-past one. In April, 1768,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">24</span> -in the long room, the Chamber of Commerce was inaugurated -with John Cruger as president.</p> - -<p>On November 25, 1783, the day of the evacuation -of the British, a grand banquet was given by Governor -Clinton to General Washington and the French minister, -Luzerne, and in the evening the “Queen’s Head” -and the whole town were illuminated. More than a -hundred generals, officers, and distinguished personages -attended the banquet and thirteen toasts were drunk -commemorative of the occasion. Ten days later Washington -here met his generals for the last time. After -a slight repast Washington filled his glass and addressed -his officers as follows: “With a heart full of love and -gratitude, I must now take my leave of you. I most -devoutly wish that your latter days may be as prosperous -and happy as your former ones have been glorious -and honorable.”<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">10</a> In silence his former companions -then took a final farewell of their chief.</p> - -<p>This is one of the oldest buildings in the city, as the -great fire of 1776 doubtless swept away most of those -of earlier date. During the last century the building -has gone through various vicissitudes, mostly on the descending -scale. A year or two ago the ground floor was -occupied by a saloon. Lately the building has been -completely restored by the Sons of the Revolution and -now presents very nearly its original appearance.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Sub-Treasury_and_Assay_Office" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_27" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_026.jpg" width="507" height="729" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span></p> - -<h2>Sub-Treasury and Assay Office</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> Sub-Treasury is built on the site of the original -City Hall. In 1789 this was altered and -repaired for the use of the first Congress and -named the Federal Hall. The balcony of the Hall was -the scene of Washington’s inauguration as President, -in commemoration of which the statue was erected.</p> - -<p>In 1834 the building was demolished and the present -structure erected for the Custom House and was -used as such until 1862.</p> - -<p>The Assay Office is the oldest building in Wall -Street, having been built in 1823, for the New York -branch of the Bank of the United States. It became -the Assay Office in 1853.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Bank_of_New_York" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_29" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_028.jpg" width="507" height="727" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span></p> - -<h2>Bank of New York</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> oldest bank in the country is the Bank of -North America in Philadelphia, incorporated -by act of Congress, December, 1781, and by -the State of Pennsylvania a few months afterwards. -Very great losses had occurred from the repudiation -of the Continental bills of credit. All the States had -issued bills of their own and kept on “making experiments -in finance which did not depend on specie as a -basis.” Currency was expressed in pounds, shillings, -and pence and the currency in circulation was a motley -conglomeration of guineas, doubloons, pistoles, Johannes -pieces, moidores, and sequins. Thus arose the necessity -of a bank that should both assist the Government -and benefit the people at large.</p> - -<p>On February 26, 1784, a meeting of the principal -merchants and citizens was held at the Merchants’ Coffee -House. General Alexander McDougal was chosen -chairman, and it was unanimously decided to establish -a bank. Subscription books were opened at the offices -of John Alsop, Broadway, Robert Bowne, Queen Street, -and Nicholas Low, Water Street, and the shares were -rapidly taken.</p> - -<p>On March 15, 1784, the following officers were -chosen: General Alexander McDougal, president; Samuel -Franklin, Robert Bowne, Comfort Sands, Alexander<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span> -Hamilton, Joshua Waddington, Thomas Randall, -William Maxwell, Nicholas Low, Daniel McCormick, -Isaac Roosevelt, John Vanderbilt, and Thomas B. -Stoughton, directors; and William Seton, cashier.</p> - -<p>The bank commenced business at what was formerly -the old Walton house in St. George’s (now Franklin) -Square. It stood on the east side of Queen (now Pearl) -Street, almost opposite the present establishment of -Harper Brothers, the publishers. The building (erected -1752) will be remembered by many people to-day as it -was only taken down in 1881, but its appearance during -its declining years gave a faint idea of its original -dignity. In 1787 the business of the bank was moved -to Hanover Square, Isaac Roosevelt having been chosen -president in 1786.</p> - -<p>In 1796 a lot was bought at the corner of Wall and -William streets from William Constable for eleven thousand -pounds (New York currency). Strange to say, -there is no record of the dimensions of the lot, but the -present building doubtless stands on part of it.</p> - -<p>Early in 1797 steps were taken to remove the house -then standing and to put up a new building, and the -corner stone was laid by Gulian Verplanck, then president, -on June 27th. Mr. Verplanck died in 1799 and -Nicholas Gouverneur was chosen president. The corner -stone of the present building was laid on September -10, 1856, and the building completed in 1858.<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">11</a></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="St_Pauls_Chapel" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_33" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_032.jpg" width="503" height="731" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span></p> - -<h2>St. Paul’s Chapel</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> chapel built in 1764–66 is the oldest church -edifice in the city. The first rector was the -Rev. Dr. Barclay, who was succeeded by the -Rev. Dr. Samuel Auchmuty. The steeple is in the style -of one of Wren’s designs. After the burning of Trinity -in 1776, it was used as the parish church. The pews -that during the war held Howe, André, the officers of -the army of occupation, and the young midshipman who -later became King William IV were, when peace was -concluded, occupied by the former “rebels” Washington, -Clinton, and their followers. After his inauguration, -in the Federal Hall in Wall Street, Washington -and the members of both houses came in solemn procession -to St. Paul’s, where services were conducted by -Bishop Provost, Chaplain of the Senate, and a <i xml:lang="la" lang="la">Te Deum</i> -was sung.</p> - -<p>The square pew on the left with the national arms -on the wall was the one used by Washington as long -as New York remained the capital. The corresponding -pew on the right, designated by the arms of the State, -was that of Governor Clinton. On the chancel wall are -marble tablets to Sir John Temple, the first British -consul general, and to Colonel Thomas Barclay, the -eminent loyalist, son of the Rev. Dr. Barclay, rector<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span> -of Trinity Parish. Colonel Barclay succeeded Temple -as consul general of “His Brittanick Majesty.” There -is also a tablet in memory of the wife of William Franklin, -Tory Governor of New Jersey, and several others. -The only other reminder of pre-Revolutionary days is -the gilded crest of the Prince of Wales over the pulpit -canopy. As everyone knows, at the east end of the -yard facing Broadway are monuments to three eminent -Irishmen who rose to distinction in this country—Emmet, -Montgomery, and MacNeven, one at the bar, another -in the army, and the third in medicine. Emmet -was the brother of the Irish martyr, Robert Emmet;<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">12</a> -Montgomery settled in New York before the Revolution, -married a daughter of Chancellor Livingston and -fell at Quebec;<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">13</a> MacNeven, like Emmet, had taken<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span> -part in the Irish rebellion of ’98, acting with him as -one of the Directory of Three. Both were imprisoned<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span> -at Fort George in Scotland. He later served in Napoleon’s -army as surgeon.</p> - -<p>George W. P. Custis, who was one of Washington’s -family, spoke of St. Paul’s as being “quite out of -town.” No doubt the great fire of 1776, which stopped -when it got to the Chapel yard, left the Chapel standing -isolated from buildings below it; but Custis, to get -there from St. George’s (Franklin) Square, must have -had to go some distance “down town.” It tends to show -that the water front of the city was covered with buildings -before the central part. The fact that the commissioners -for making a plan of the future city early in -the last century arranged for so many streets running -to the water and for so few running north and south -would also seem to indicate that they thought easy access -to the rivers was of prime importance.</p> - -<p>Mr. Astor, with his wonderful foresight, was the -first man to realize that the “backbone” of the island -was, in after years, to show the greatest advance in the -value of real estate.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="The_City_Hall" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_39" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_038.jpg" width="726" height="508" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span></p> - -<h2>The City Hall</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> plans of the architect who designed the -City Hall, John McComb, were accepted in -the year 1803, but the building was not completed -until nine years later.</p> - -<p>It is not always an agreeable business to devote one’s -time to destroying a myth which has become lodged in -the affections of the people, but sometimes it rests on -so slight a foundation that there is nothing gained in -keeping it alive. We have lately seen how the tradition -that Washington Irving used to live in the house -on the corner of Irving Place and Seventeenth Street -had no foundation in fact, except that he had a nephew -who lived next door. And so the story so often repeated -in newspapers and guide books that the City Hall was -finished in brownstone at the back because the city fathers -thought that nobody of any importance would ever -live to the north of it might, it seems, be set at rest, -although the attempt is not made for the first time. -The story reflects on the intelligence of the people of -the day. The reason was economy, but not joined to -deficiency of foresight.</p> - -<p>The Common Council of that day, instead of being -obtuse on the subject were quite the other way, and -show by their records that they took a highly optimistic<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span> -view of what they call the city’s “unrivaled” situation -and opulence. They state their belief that in a very few -years the hall that they were about to build would be -the <em>center</em> of the wealth and population of the city. It -was at first arranged to build entirely of brownstone, -and the contractors got their work done as far as the -basement, as can readily be seen to-day. Then the views -of the Common Council underwent a change. A halt -was made and McComb was requested to make an estimate -of the cost in marble.</p> - -<p>From an interesting article appearing in the <i>Century -Magazine</i> for April, 1884, written by Mr. Edward S. -Wilde, it seems that the committee’s report states: “It -appears from this (the architect’s) estimate that the -difference of expense between marble and brownstone -will not exceed the sum of $43,750, including every -contingent charge. When it is considered that the City -of New York from its inviting situation and increasing -opulence, stands unrivaled ... we certainly ought, in -this pleasing state of things, to possess at least one public -edifice which shall vie with the many now erected in -Philadelphia and elsewhere ... in the course of a very -few years it is destined to be the center of the wealth -and population of the city. Under these impressions -the Building Committee strongly recommend that the -front and two end views of the new hall be built of -marble.”</p> - -<p>The corporation then authorized the use of marble -on three fronts. The brownstone of the rear received<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span> -its first coat of white paint only a few years ago, as -nearly anyone who reads this can testify. In 1858 the -cupola was destroyed by fire and was restored in a poor -manner, but Mr. Wilde says: “Notwithstanding this -change and the damage done less by time than by stupidity, -the hall stands to-day unsurpassed by any structure -of the kind in the country.”</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Astor_Library" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_43" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_042.jpg" width="731" height="508" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span></p> - -<h2>Astor Library</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> Astor Library was founded in accordance -with the terms of a codicil to the will of the -first John Jacob Astor. It was opened in -1854. His son William B. Astor added a wing to the -original building (the present central portion) and presented -five hundred and fifty thousand dollars to the -library fund.</p> -</div> - -<p>In 1881 another wing was added by his grandson, -John Jacob Astor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="The_Langdon_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_45" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_044.jpg" width="732" height="508" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span></p> - -<h2>The Langdon House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> house was usually called the Langdon -house, although it was never occupied by the -family of that name. Mr. Walter Langdon’s -house, directly opposite, was built much later. About -1845 the first John Jacob Astor wished to present his -daughter, Mrs. Walter Langdon, with a city residence -and built this house for her during her absence abroad. -He built merely the shell of the house, and on his daughter’s -return gave her the sum of thirty thousand dollars -for the purpose of decorating it. <i xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Carte blanche</i> was -given to a famous decorator of that day, and he proceeded -to finish it in a style hitherto unknown in the city. -The result was that in the end the cost of the interior -had risen to sixty thousand dollars, considered a very -large sum at that time. A great deal of attention was -paid to plaster and stucco ornamentation and woodwork. -The most attractive feature of the house was the main -staircase, which was made in England especially for the -house. This staircase was rectangular and of a dark -rich colored wood, was beautifully carved and of a very -graceful design. It was lighted by a large stained-glass -window overlooking Astor Place. The reception -rooms were on the left of the main hall with a conservatory -in the rear. At the right were the library, staircase,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span> -dining room, and offices. Mrs. Langdon, however, -returned to Europe and continued to reside there until -her death. Meanwhile it was arranged that the house -should be occupied by her daughter, who had married -an English gentleman, Mr. Matthew Wilks. Mr. and -Mrs. Wilks continued to live there until the house was -taken down in 1875.</p> - -<p>The property had a frontage of about two hundred -and fifty feet on both Astor Place and Lafayette Place -(now Lafayette Street), from which it was shut off -by a high wall. The enclosed courtyard was laid out -as a garden, with large trees, and the rear was occupied -by the stables. The garden contained a ring large -enough for riding purposes.</p> - -<p>Of course during the Forrest-Macready riot in 1849 -the house was almost in what might be called the storm -center. In the midst of it one of the servants, who -thought he had secured a perfectly safe point of observation -on the roof, was killed.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="St_Marks_in_the_Bowery" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_49" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_048.jpg" width="509" height="730" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span></p> - -<h2>St. Mark’s in the Bowery</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_w_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="W" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap w"><span class="firstword">When</span> Stuyvesant retired from office, after the -British occupation, he withdrew to his “Bowerie” -or farm near the site of the present -church, then two miles out of town. In 1660 he built -a small chapel near his house for the people of the little -village that sprang up about the farm, as well as for -his own family and the slaves, of whom there were -about forty in the vicinity. This chapel was torn down -in 1793, and the Petrus Stuyvesant of that day offered -to present the ground and eight hundred pounds in -money to Trinity parish if it would build a church -there. This offer was accepted. In May, 1799, the -church was finished and the body of it has remained -intact to the present time, but there was no steeple -before 1828. One pew was reserved for the governor -of the State, and the corresponding pew on the -other side for “Mr. Stuyvesant and family forever,”<a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">14</a> -each pew being surmounted by a canopy.<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">15</a> The negro -servants (slaves) sat in the rear of the congregation.</p> - -<p>In a vault under the chapel the governor’s body had -been placed after his death, in 1672, and in 1691 the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span> -body of the English governor (Sloughter) was also -placed there.</p> - -<p>In building the church Stuyvesant’s remains were -removed and placed in a vault beneath the walls of the -new edifice. The stone which may be seen fastened to -the outer wall bears the following inscription: “In this -vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General -and Governor in Chief of Amsterdam in New -Netherlands, now called New York, and the Dutch -West India Islands, died <span class="smcap smaller">A.D.</span> 1671–2, aged 80 years.”</p> - -<p>In July, 1804, the church was draped in mourning -for the death of Hamilton, and was so kept for six -weeks.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Rutherfurd_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_53" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_052.jpg" width="505" height="730" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span></p> - -<h2>Second Avenue<br /> - -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Lewis M. Rutherfurd</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_l_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="L" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap l"><span class="firstword">Lewis M. Rutherfurd</span> was one of the -most noted astronomers that this country has -produced. As a young man, he began the -study of the law with William H. Seward, and was -admitted to the bar in 1837 and became associated with -John Jay and afterwards with Hamilton Fish. But -his tastes were entirely in the direction of science, and -he decided to abandon the law and apply his attention -to scientific research. With ample means, he had full -opportunity to devote his life to the pursuit of his favorite -study, astronomical photography. He spent several -years of study in Europe and, on his return, he built -an observatory in New York, the best equipped private -astronomical observatory in the country. He made with -his own hands an equatorial telescope and devised a -means of adapting it for photographic use by means of -a third lens placed outside of the ordinary object glass. -He was the first to devise and construct micrometer apparatus -for measuring impressions on the plate. It is -said that he took such pains in the construction of the -threads of the screws of his micrometer that he was -engaged three years upon a single screw. He worked -for many years at the photographic method of observation<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">54</span> -before the value and importance of his labors were -recognized, but in 1865 these were fully acknowledged -by the National Academy of Sciences. The remarkable -results that he obtained were all secured before the -discovery of the dry-plate process. His photographs -of the moon surpassed all others that had been made. -When overtaken by ill health he presented his instrument -and photographs to Columbia College, and his -telescope is now mounted in the observatory of that -university.</p> - -<p>He was an associate of the Royal Astronomical Society, -president of the American Photographical Society, -and was the American delegate to the International -Meridian Conference at Washington in 1885, preparing -the resolutions embodying the results of the labors of -the conference. He received many decorations and -honors from the learned societies of the world, but his -dislike of ostentation was such that he was never known -to wear one of the decorations, emblems, etc., that were -conferred upon him.<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">16</a></p> - -<p>The Mansard roof has been added to the house since -its occupation by the Rutherfurd family and the entrance -removed from the avenue to the side street.</p> - -<p>When the house and grounds of the late Hon. -Hamilton Fish, on Stuyvesant Square, were sold a -few years ago, it was said that there had been no transfer -of the site except by devise or descent since the time -of the old Governor. The same might be said of this<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span> -property. Stuyvesant’s house, in which, it is said, the -papers were signed transferring the province to the -British Crown, stood close to this spot. The house is -the property of Rutherfurd Stuyvesant, a son of Lewis -M. Rutherfurd.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">56</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Keteltas_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_57" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_056.jpg" width="510" height="728" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span></p> - -<h2>The Keteltas House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_a_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="A" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap a"><span class="firstword">An</span> example of an old Second Avenue dwelling, -the residence of the Keteltas family on the -corner of St. Mark’s Place.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">58</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Residence_of_Eugene_Delano" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_59" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_058.jpg" width="728" height="508" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span></p> - -<h2>Washington Square<br /> - -<span class="subhead"><i>Residence of Eugene Delano</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> house was formed by uniting two of the -fine old residences on the north side of Washington -Square. The interior has been admirably -reconstructed. The house was formerly occupied -by Edward Cooper (son of the late Peter Cooper), -who was, at one time, Mayor of the City.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">60</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="First_Presbyterian_Church_Fifth_Avenue" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_61" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 33em;"> - <img src="images/i_060.jpg" width="513" height="737" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span></p> - -<h2>First Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> church, representing the oldest Presbyterian -organization in the city, was formed in -1716. The building was erected in 1845.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_James_Lenox" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_63" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_062.jpg" width="736" height="514" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span></p> - -<h2>An Old Fifth Avenue House<br /> - -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late James Lenox</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_j_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="J" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">James Lenox</span> was born in New York in -1800, and was the son of Robert Lenox, a -wealthy Scotch merchant. He graduated -from Columbia College in 1820 and entered upon a -business life, but on the death of his father in 1839 -he retired and devoted the rest of his life to study and -works of benevolence. The collection of books and -works of art became his absorbing passion, and eventually -he gathered about him the largest and most valuable -private collection of books and paintings in America. -In 1870 he built the present Lenox Library. The -collection of bibles is believed to be unequaled even by -those in the British Museum, and that of Americana -and Shakespeareana greater than that of any other -American library, in some respects surpassing those in -Europe. He conveyed the whole property to the City -of New York. He was the founder and the benefactor -of the Presbyterian Hospital.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Robert_B_Minturn" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_65" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_064.jpg" width="733" height="511" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span></p> - -<h2>Another Old Fifth Avenue House<br /> - -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Robert B. Minturn</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_p_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="P" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap p"><span class="firstword">Prior</span> to the Civil War, the principal merchants -and bankers were among the most prominent -men in the city. The multimillionaire had not -then appeared. The ships of Howland & Aspinwall, -N. L. & G. Griswold, A. A. Low & Brother, and -Grinnell, Minturn & Co. carried the flag to the farthest -quarters of the globe, where their owners’ credit stood -second to none. For speed the American clipper was -unsurpassed. These “vessels performed wonderful feats—as -when the <i>Flying Cloud</i> ran from New York to -San Francisco, making 433¼ statute miles in a single -day; or the <i>Sovereign of the Seas</i> sailed for ten thousand -miles without tacking or wearing; or the <i>Dreadnought</i> -made the passage from Sandy Hook to Queenstown -in nine days and seventeen hours.”<a id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">17</a></p> - -<p>Mr. Minturn was a philanthropist and one of the -best citizens the town ever had.</p> - -<p>The house is now the residence of Thomas F. Ryan.</p> -</div> - -<hr /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span></p> - -<div id="Grace_Church" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_67" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_066.jpg" width="511" height="735" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">Grace Church, Broadway</div></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Society_Library" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_69" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_068.jpg" width="508" height="735" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span></p> - -<h2>The Society Library</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_i_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="I" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap i"><span class="firstword">In</span> the year 1700 the Public Library of New -York was founded under the administration -of the Earl of Bellomont, and seems to have -progressed as the city grew, being aided from time to -time by gifts from interested persons on the other side, -several folio volumes now in the Society Library having -been presented by friends in London in 1712, and in -1729 the Rev. Dr. Millington, rector of Newington, -England, having bequeathed his library to the Society -for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, -it was presented to the New York Public Library. The -library, being in charge of the corporation of the city, -was evidently not managed in a manner satisfactory to -the people in general. In the year 1754 it was determined -that a more efficient library was a necessity. In -that year the present Society Library had its origin, -and what had been the Public Library of the city was -incorporated with it. Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer<a id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">18</a> -states that it had its source in a movement started by -Mrs. Alexander, who suggested to some of her friends -that a circulating library should be established, the subscribers -to collect sufficient money to send to England -for the newest and best books. A list was made headed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span> -by Messrs. William Smith, Philip, William and Robert -Livingston, John Morin Scott and William Alexander. -After subscription books had been opened and the lieutenant -governor (De Lancey) and council had “set -their official seal” on the venture, a considerable sum -was raised and an institution was regularly organized -and later received a charter from Governor Tryon. -Down to the time of the Revolution, the collection was -constantly increased by the purchase of books, but during -the Revolution, with a large part of the city destroyed -by fire and what remained being under the -control of a hostile army, the library suffered greatly. -Mrs. Lamb<a id="FNanchor_19" href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">19</a> states that “four thousand or more books -disappeared at the outbreak of the Revolution and were -supposed destroyed, but many were hidden away for -safe-keeping and reappeared after the war.”<a id="FNanchor_20" href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">20</a></p> - -<p>In December, 1788, a meeting of the proprietors -was called, trustees were elected, and the library again -resumed operations.</p> - -<p>The library was kept in a room in the Federal Hall -in Wall Street and was used as the library of Congress. -The first building put up for its use was on the corner<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span> -of Nassau and Cedar streets in 1795, but the growth of -the city compelling a change, a new building was erected -in 1840 on the corner of Broadway and Leonard Street. -The Library has occupied the present building in University -Place since May, 1856.</p> - -<p>The membership of the library has been from the -start among the most prominent and respectable citizens. -Many of the original shares of 1754–58 have -remained in the same families to the present time, as -those of the Auchmuty, Banyer, Beekman, Clarkson, -Cruger, De Peyster, De Lancey, Harrison, Jones, -Keteltas, Lawrence, Livingston, Ludlow, McEvers, -Morris, Ogden, Robinson, Rutherfurd, Smith, Stuyvesant, -Van Horne, and Watts families; and from 1790–96 -those of the Astor, Bailey, Barclay, Bowne, Coles, Delafield, -Fish, Gelston, Greenleaf, Jay, Kemble, Kingsland, -Lenox, Low, Lee, Le Roy, Oothout, Peters, -Prime, Ray, Remsen, Roosevelt, Sackett, Schermerhorn, -Schieffelin, Swords, Titus, Townsend, Van Zandt, -Van Wagenen, Van Rensselaer, Verplanck, Waddington, -Winthrop, and Woolsey families.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Cruger_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_73" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_072.jpg" width="732" height="511" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span></p> - -<h2>Cruger House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_m_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap m"><span class="firstword">Many</span> old New Yorkers remember the Cruger -house in Fourteenth Street about halfway -between Sixth and Seventh avenues, when it -was occupied by the late Mrs. Douglas Cruger.<a id="FNanchor_21" href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">21</a></p> - -<p>The house, having a frontage of seventy-five feet, -stood in the middle of a courtyard extending on either -side about one hundred feet, separated from the street -by a high wall. Now the courtyard has disappeared and -the house, crowded closely on both sides by high buildings, -seems completely dwarfed. Decorated with fire -escapes and signs it has fallen from its high estate, and -the whole street, formerly a quiet dwelling street, is now -nearly given over to trade and noisy bustle. The entrance -hall, twenty-five feet in width, extended from -front to rear eighty-five feet, a wide staircase rising -from the center at the end, the conservatory at the rear -being of the width of the house. The rooms on either -side were rather curiously divided, losing somewhat in -what might have made a more imposing effect, not, -however, enough to prevent their being an excellent<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">74</span> -place for the disposition of the collection of the Metropolitan -Museum, which leased the house in 1873 for five -years. The house is described in the annual report for -that year as a “large and elegant building surrounded -by spacious grounds, upon which grounds new galleries -may be built, should they be required....”<a id="FNanchor_22" href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">22</a> The -rooms certainly had more unobstructed light than could -be found in most private houses. It is now occupied -by the Salvation Army.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">76</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Abingdon_Square" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_77" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_076.jpg" width="736" height="511" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">77</span></p> - -<h2>Abingdon Square—Greenwich</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> peculiarity of the Greenwich section of the -town is that it has retained an individuality -that no other section has retained. It is very -much of an American quarter. The streets are lined -with well-kept, comfortable brick houses, dating back -sixty years or more, many of them with the elaborately -ornamental iron railings and newel posts that are disappearing -so rapidly. There is a marked paucity of -the conventional tenement house, and although factories -and warehouses are crowding it on all sides, its people -cling with a stolid determination to their ancient homes.</p> - -<p>This square is taken as representative of this quarter -of the city, although it is rather in the streets adjoining -that the houses are most representative of old dwellings -of sixty or seventy years ago. Before the arrival of -Henry Hudson, there was an Indian village here near -the site of Gansevoort Market, but Governor Van -Twiller turned the locality into a tobacco farm. By -1727 it became covered with farms and was joined to -the city by a good road very nearly following the line -of the present Greenwich Street.</p> - -<p>The region was always noted for its healthfulness -and when an epidemic of smallpox broke out Admiral -Warren invited the Colonial Assembly to meet at his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span> -house. This made Greenwich the fashion, and for nearly -a century when epidemics occurred the people flocked -out of town to that village. At one time the Bank -of New York transferred its business there.</p> - -<p>No history of this part of the city can be written -without some reference to that bold Irish sailor, Admiral -Sir Peter Warren. Post captain at the age of twenty-four -he, in 1744, while in command of the squadron on -the Leeward Islands station, in less than four months -captured twenty-four prizes, one with a cargo of two -hundred and fifty thousand pounds in plate. He also -served at Louisburg, Gibraltar, and elsewhere. When -at length he tired of a seafaring life, although still -young, he decided upon making his home in New York, -and proceeded to anchor himself for a time at least by -marrying a New York woman, Miss De Lancey. He -bought three hundred acres of land at Greenwich, built -a house and laid out the grounds like an English park. -Here he resided for some years, and then went to England -and entered Parliament.</p> - -<p>He died at the age of forty-eight and lies buried in -Westminster Abbey, with a fine monument by Roubillac -above him. After Lady Warren’s death the property -was divided into three lots, one lot going to each of -the three daughters. The lot containing the house fell -to the eldest daughter, Lady Abingdon, and was sold -by her to Abijah Hammond, who afterwards sold it -to the late Abraham Van Nest. The remainder was -sold off in small parcels after three roads had been cut<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span> -through them, the Abingdon, Fitzroy, and Skinner -roads.<a id="FNanchor_23" href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">23</a> The first corresponds to the present Twenty-first -Street, the second was almost on a line with Eighth -Avenue, and the third was part of the present Christopher -Street.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span></p> - -<div id="Gramercy_Square" class="chapter"> -<h2>Gramercy Square</h2> -</div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_n_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="N" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap n"><span class="firstword">Now</span> that St. John’s Park has been destroyed, -Gramercy Park is the only private park in -the city—that is, one restricted in its use to -owners of houses facing it. Fifty years ago it had -more seclusion. A high and dense hedge surrounded -it on the inside of the iron fence. For some reason -this was removed and never replanted. Now people in -the park might almost as well be in the middle of the -street. The figure on the fountain was then a Hebe -perpetually filling her cup with water. In former days -the children that played in the grounds had an annual -May festival on the first of the month. One of the -young girls was chosen queen. Dressed in white and -crowned with flowers, she led the festivities around the -Maypole, under the trees. Later they all withdrew to -the house of her parents, where a collation was served -and the dancing continued until the children were sent -home by their parents and to bed.</p> - -<p>A number of men who have been prominent in the -city’s life are living or have lived in houses about the -square. We might mention John Bigelow, Stuyvesant -Fish, James W. Gerard, Edwin Booth, Samuel J. -Tilden, Dr. Bellows, Dr. Valentine Mott, Cyrus W. -Field, and David Dudley Field.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Residence_of_John_Bigelow" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_83" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 33em;"> - <img src="images/i_082.jpg" width="514" height="735" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Residence of John Bigelow</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_m_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap m"><span class="firstword">Mr. Bigelow</span>, one of the best-known citizens -of New York, was admitted to the bar in 1839 -and in 1850 joined William Cullen Bryant as -editor of the New York <i>Evening Post</i>. He continued -as one of the principal editors until 1861, when he was -appointed consul at Paris, and on the death of Mr. -Dayton became United States Minister, remaining so -until 1866.</p> - -<p>While at Paris he published “Les États Unis -d’Amerique.” This work corrected the erroneous views -of the French as to the relative commercial importance -of the Northern and Southern States and was effective -in discouraging the supposed desire of the French Government -for the disruption of the Union.</p> - -<p>Mr. Bigelow also conducted the negotiations leading -to the withdrawal of the French army from Mexico. -In 1875 he was elected to the office of Secretary of -State of New York. He has published “The Life of -Samuel J. Tilden,” of whom he was one of the three -executors; “The Mystery of Sleep” and numerous -other works. He has been honored by degrees from -various colleges and universities.<a id="FNanchor_24" href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">24</a></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Luther_C_Clark" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_85" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 33em;"> - <img src="images/i_084.jpg" width="514" height="741" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Luther C. Clark</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_f_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="F" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">For</span> many years this house was the residence of -Mr. Clark, the well-known banker. It is now -the house of the Columbia University Club.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">86</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_James_W_Gerard" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_87" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 33em;"> - <img src="images/i_086.jpg" width="513" height="736" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late James W. Gerard</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_m_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap m"><span class="firstword">Mr. Gerard</span> was an eminent lawyer. Born -in this city in 1794, of French ancestry on -his father’s side, he graduated from Columbia -College in 1811, and in 1816 took the degree of M.A. -and was admitted to the bar. A man of great public -spirit, he, in 1824, procured the incorporation of the -House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, the first -institution of the kind in the country. Formerly, the -police or “watchmen,” as they were called, wore no -uniforms. Occasionally, an ordinary looking man would -be seen wandering about the streets, and, if the wind -happened to turn aside the lapel of his coat, one might -observe a small metal shield. This was the only indication -of his office. Mr. Gerard publicly advocated the -adoption of a uniform and by letters, addresses, and -persistent action accomplished his purpose. He wore -the new uniform at a fancy dress ball given by Mrs. -Coventry Waddell, who occupied a Gothic villa, with -tower, turrets, etc., on Fifth Avenue, at the top of -Murray Hill, and entertained a great deal.</p> - -<p>Mr. Gerard devoted much of his time to charitable -institutions and was especially interested in the public<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span> -schools of the city. He was a capital speaker. His -speeches were witty and always in good taste. That -he was in constant demand, in his prime, at dinners -both public and private, is readily perceived by looking -through the pages of Mayor Philip Hone’s diary.</p> - -<p>Gramercy Park was founded in 1831 and this is -said to be the oldest house facing it.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="The_Players" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_91" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_090.jpg" width="512" height="738" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> - -<span class="subhead">“<i>The Players</i>”</span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_e_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="E" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap e"><span class="firstword">Edwin Booth</span>, perhaps the most distinguished -American actor, was born in Maryland -in 1833. He made his first appearance -in 1849 and was ever after devoted to his profession, -playing throughout this country and also abroad.</p> - -<p>He was crushed by the affair of the assassination -of President Lincoln and retired from the stage for a -year, but never lost his personal popularity. He opened -Booth’s Theater in Twenty-third Street in 1869 and -for thirteen years maintained the most popular revivals -of Shakespeare’s tragedies ever known in the city. Although -forced into bankruptcy in 1873, he retrieved his -fortunes by earning two hundred thousand dollars in -fifty-six weeks.</p> - -<p>In 1882 he went to Europe and was received with -the greatest favor. In 1888 he purchased the building -here shown (formerly the residence of Valentine G. -Hall), remodeled and furnished it and presented it to -actors and the friends of the drama as “The Players,” -a complete gentleman’s club. Booth made his home -at “The Players” from the date of its opening until -his death, which took place in this house June 7, 1893.<a id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">25</a></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">92</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Samuel_J_Tilden" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_93" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_092.jpg" width="509" height="738" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Samuel J. Tilden</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_m_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap m"><span class="firstword">Mr. Tilden</span> had a great reputation for skill -as a lawyer. He was also a thorough politician, -being chairman of the Democratic State -Committee of New York for thirteen years. Nominated -for President in 1876, he received a majority of the -popular vote, but owing to the fact that the votes of -several States were disputed, the celebrated Electoral -Commission was appointed, consisting of senators, -judges, and representatives. The commission divided -on party lines and gave the disputed votes to Mr. Hayes. -The house is formed by combining two, one formerly -having a front similar to that of “The Players,” and -the other with a front corresponding to the brick house -adjoining on the west. The larger house had belonged -to the Belden family. Both the Hall and the Belden -houses once had ornamental iron balconies at the main -floor with canopies similar to those now seen attached -to the fronts of the houses on the west side of the square, -and were alike in appearance, excepting that the Belden -house had the coat of arms carved in high relief over -the door. One of the beautiful Misses Belden married -the late Dudley Field, another the late Colonel Talmadge.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span> -The gardens in the rear of these two houses were -the largest in the row, extending through the block to -Nineteenth Street, a part near the Belden house being -formally laid out with box-edged walks and flower beds, -while the rest was turfed and shaded by large trees, a -few of which survived until a year or two ago, when -they were cut down to make way for the new building -of the National Arts Club, the present owner. Mr. -Tilden, joining with the other owners on the square and -the owners of the houses on Irving Place, had all the -wooden fences in the angle formed by these houses removed -and an open iron fence put in their place. As -there were no houses on Nineteenth Street, there remained -an unusual effect of greenery and trees for New -York City.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Rev_Dr_Henry_W_Bellows" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_97" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_096.jpg" width="506" height="729" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Rev. Dr. Henry W. Bellows</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_d_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="D" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap d"><span class="firstword">Dr. Bellows</span> was a distinguished clergyman. -Born in 1814, he graduated at Harvard and -at the Cambridge Divinity School, and in 1838 -became the pastor of the First Unitarian Church, New -York, and so continued for forty-four years. Dr. Bellows -was an accomplished orator, his extemporaneous -speeches being remarkable for their lucidity and style. -He published numerous lectures and pamphlets, but is -best known throughout the country for his work as -president of the United States Sanitary Commission -during the Civil War. Under him the commission distributed -supplies amounting to fifteen millions of dollars -in value and five millions of money. The results -of the experience of the commission in their work of -reducing the suffering in war have been copied abroad.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">98</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Dr_Valentine_Mott" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_99" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_098.jpg" width="504" height="726" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Dr. Valentine Mott</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_d_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="D" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap d"><span class="firstword">Dr. Mott</span> was a distinguished surgeon, and one -of the best-known citizens of the small town -of sixty or seventy years ago. He previously -lived at the easterly end of Depau Row. For many -years Dr. M. resided in Paris, during the reign of Louis -Philippe, whose physician he was. In 1841<a id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">26</a> a ball was -given for the Prince de Joinville at the Depau Row -house, and during the Civil War the Comte de Paris -and brothers were entertained at the Gramercy Square -house.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Rectory_of_Calvary_Parish" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_101" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_100.jpg" width="505" height="727" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Rectory of Calvary Parish</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> rectory has been the home of many clergymen -celebrated in the community. One of the -early rectors was Dr. Francis Lister Hawks. -Born at Newbern, N. C., in 1798, he was ordained in -1827 and was conspicuous in the church up to the time -of his death in 1866.</p> - -<p>In 1844 he became rector of Christ Church, New -Orleans, and president of the University of Louisiana, -and in 1849 he became rector of this parish. Being of -Southern birth, he, at the outbreak of the Civil War, -withdrew to the South, but returned after the close of -the war. He published many works on ecclesiastical -and other subjects. He declined the bishopric of Mississippi -and also that of Rhode Island.</p> - -<p>The Rev. Dr. Arthur Cleveland Coxe was at one -time rector. He afterwards became the Bishop of -Western New York. The Rev. Dr. Henry Yates -Satterlee was for many years the well-known rector of -this parish. He is now Bishop of Washington.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Stanford_White" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_103" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_102.jpg" width="726" height="504" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Stanford White</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_m_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="M" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap m"><span class="firstword">Mr. White</span> was an eminent architect. It is -now the house of the Princeton Club.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Cyrus_W_Field" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_105" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_104.jpg" width="729" height="509" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span></p> - -<h2>Gramercy Square<br /> -<span class="subhead"><i>Former Residence of the Late Cyrus W. Field and the Late David Dudley Field</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_c_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="C" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">Cyrus W. Field</span> was a business man until -about 1854–56, when with Peter Cooper, -Moses Taylor, and others he organized the -Atlantic Telegraph Company. Although the first -cable was laid in 1858, it was not until 1866 that the -enterprise was entirely successful, after Mr. Field had -crossed the ocean thirty times in the prosecution of the -work. He received the thanks of Congress and many -other honors.</p> - -<p>His brother, David Dudley Field, was conspicuous -at the New York bar for over fifty years. For forty -years of this time he devoted all his spare moments to -the subject of the reform of the law and obtained a -marked success. The new system of civil procedure has -been adopted in many States and substantially followed -in Great Britain. In 1873 he was elected the first president -of an association for the reform and codification of -the law of nations formed at Brussels in that year.<a id="FNanchor_27" href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">27</a></p> - -<p>The two houses owned by the brothers Field have -been united by the present owner, Henry W. Poor, -banker and author of the statistical work on American -railways universally consulted by bankers and investors -throughout the country. The interior has been beautifully -reconstructed.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">106</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Peter_Cooper" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_107" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_106.jpg" width="730" height="504" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span></p> - -<h2>Former Residence of the Late Peter Cooper -and the Late Abram S. Hewitt</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_p_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="P" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap p"><span class="firstword">Peter Cooper</span> was born in New York in -1791. His father being a man of small means, -he was at an early age put into business and -contributed to the support of his family.</p> - -<p>He entered into the manufacture of glue and soon -became the best-known maker of that commodity. In -1828, when thirty-seven years of age, he had acquired -considerable wealth and was enabled to buy three thousand -acres of land within the limits of the city of Baltimore. -Here he built the great Canton Iron Works, and -the entire investment soon proved extremely successful. -About the year 1830 he built, at the West Point Foundry, -N. Y., the first locomotive constructed in the -United States for actual service. Not long after he -disposed of the Canton Iron Works and erected enormous -iron works at the city of Trenton, N. J. The -firm was a pioneer in the successful manufacture of -iron and became one of the largest of the kind in the -country.</p> - -<p>Mr. Cooper made many inventions in connection -with this business. He became associated with Cyrus -W. Field in his efforts to lay the Atlantic Cable, and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">108</span> -the final success of that enterprise was in great measure -due to his coöperation. Mr. Cooper is perhaps best -known as the founder of the Cooper Institute, of which -he commenced the construction as early as 1853. The -objects of this institution were to furnish free schools -in art and science and a free reading room and to provide -free lectures on scientific, artistic, and social subjects. -Mr. Cooper died, universally respected, in 1883.</p> - -<p>Abram S. Hewitt, a native of Rockland County, -N. Y., was the son-in-law of Peter Cooper, and to him, -in partnership with his son Edward Cooper, he transferred -that branch of his business connected with the -manufacture of iron. Mr. Hewitt was a man much -interested in the great social problems, being no mere -theorist but a man ready to sacrifice his own interests -to the well being of his dependents.</p> - -<p>It is a fact that for forty years the business at Trenton -was carried on with absolutely no profit beyond the -amount necessary to pay the wages of the three thousand -men employed and the regular expenses of the -establishment. He stated at one of the meetings of -the Congressional Committee on the grievances of labor -that from 1873 to 1879 the business was carried on at -a loss of one hundred thousand dollars a year. Of -course, one object was to continue the business and to -prevent the deterioration of the plant, but the firm also -aimed to avoid throwing such a large body of men out -of employment, although at times they were placed on -half pay.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span> -Notwithstanding, the firm became wealthy through -ventures not relating to the iron business and also -through investments connected with it. As an example -it may be mentioned that a large purchase of iron -in 1879–80 resulted in a profit of a million dollars. In -1874 Mr. Hewitt was elected a representative to Congress -and served with the exception of one term until -1886. In that year he was chosen mayor of New York. -Mr. Hewitt was extremely honest and independent. -He was neither a free trader nor a protectionist. He -was a reformer but not a radical one, and at his death -the nation, and especially the Democratic Party, lost -a wise statesman and counselor.<a id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">28</a></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="General_Theological_Seminary" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_111" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_110.jpg" width="726" height="507" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span></p> - -<h2>The General Theological Seminary<br /> - -<span class="subhead"><i>Chelsea</i></span></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_s_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="S" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">Some</span> time about the year 1750 Captain Clarke, -a veteran of the provincial army, who had -seen considerable service in the French war, -built a country house, two or three miles north of the -city, to which he gave the name of Chelsea. He gave -it this name because he said it was to be the retreat of -an old soldier in the evening of his days.</p> - -<p>It has been thought that the name of Greenwich was -given to the neighboring estate by Admiral Warren -for a corresponding sentimental reason, but Mr. Janvier, -in that very entertaining book, “In Old New York,” -shows that the name of Greenwich was in use long before -the admiral’s advent. Captain Clarke, unfortunately, -was not destined long to enjoy the house he -had built. During his last illness, the house caught fire -and the captain came very near being burned with it, -but he was carried out by neighbors and shortly after -died in an adjacent farmhouse. Mrs. Clarke rebuilt the -house on the crest of a hill that sloped down to the river -about three hundred feet distant.<a id="FNanchor_29" href="#Footnote_29" class="fnanchor">29</a> The estate descended -to her daughter, the wife of Bishop Moore, and in 1813<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span> -it was conveyed to their son, Clement C. Moore,<a id="FNanchor_30" href="#Footnote_30" class="fnanchor">30</a> by -whom the old house was considerably enlarged. The -house was taken down when the bulkhead along the -river front was constructed by the city. Mr. Moore -gave the whole of the block bounded by Twentieth and -Twenty-first streets and Ninth and Tenth avenues to -the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal -Church, and it became known as Chelsea Square. The -building here shown was built about 1835 and is constructed -of a gray stone. The modern buildings, however, -are of brick and stone, of a Gothic style and, with -the old trees remaining and the stretches of green lawn, -produce, especially in summer time, a suggestion of -English seclusion and repose quite at variance with the -bustle and the crudeness of that part of the city.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Schermerhorn" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_115" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_114.jpg" width="507" height="726" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">Former Residence of the Late William C. Schermerhorn</div></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Church_of_the_Transfiguration" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_117" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_116.jpg" width="728" height="504" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span></p> - -<h2>Church of the Transfiguration</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_i_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="I" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap i"><span class="firstword">It</span> is difficult to realize the position held forty -years ago by the old Wallack’s Theater at -Broadway and Thirteenth Street. It was in a -way a city institution. The company remained nearly -the same for years, with occasional changes, and its -members were, one and all, accomplished in their profession. -The receipts of the theater were as regular as -those of a bank.</p> - -<p>The elder Wallack, a well-bred Englishman, was a -finished actor of the old school. His son, Lester Wallack, -was an extraordinarily handsome man of the romantic -type, well suited for the more sentimental drama -of the day, although his wealth of curly black hair and -whiskers would violate our modern canons of taste. By -his father’s desire when a young man he became an officer -in the British army, but after serving two years -resigned and adopted the profession of the stage. His -wife was a sister of Millais, the artist.</p> - -<p>George Holland was a short, thickset man with a -rather large head, who was seldom cast for a very prominent -part, but his humor and his evident geniality and -honesty made him a favorite with the public. Consequently -when the story of his funeral became public, -there was some indignation expressed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span> -It is fair to the Rev. Dr. Sabine, however, to say -that it is claimed that when approached by the parties -having charge of the funeral, he told them that the -Church of the Incarnation was undergoing repairs, that -the aisles were crowded with workmen and scaffolding, -and that it would prove an inconvenience to all parties -to hold the services in that church. The late Rev. Dr. -Houghton, rector of this parish for forty-nine years, -was a clergyman held in the highest esteem by the people -of this city.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">121</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Morgan" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_121" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_120.jpg" width="728" height="540" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">Residence of J. Pierpont Morgan</div></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">123</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Havemeyer" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_123" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 45em;"> - <img src="images/i_122.jpg" width="719" height="505" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">Former Residence of the Late Theodore A. Havemeyer</div></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">124</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Former_Residence_of_the_Late_Edwin_D_Morgan" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_125" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_124.jpg" width="728" height="506" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">125</span></p> - -<h2>Former Residence of the Late Edwin D. Morgan</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_e_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="E" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap e"><span class="firstword">Edwin D. Morgan</span>, born in Berkshire County, -Mass., in 1811, came to New York in 1836 -and founded a mercantile house which became -very successful. In 1858 he was elected Governor of -the State of New York, and as he continued to hold -that office during the first years of the Civil War he is -frequently referred to as “The War Governor.” In -1861 he was appointed major general of volunteers and -placed in command, but refused to receive any compensation -for his services. In 1862 he was chosen United -States Senator and occupied that office until March, -1869.</p> - -<p>President Lincoln offered him the position of Secretary -of the Treasury. The same position was offered -him by President Arthur in 1881, but on both occasions -he declined the honor.</p> - -<p>He was a most generous benefactor to charitable -institutions during his lifetime and also by virtue of his -last will and testament.<a id="FNanchor_31" href="#Footnote_31" class="fnanchor">31</a> The grounds attached to this -house are extensive for New York City.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">126</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Arsenal" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_127" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_126.jpg" width="728" height="506" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">The Old Arsenal—Central Park</div></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">128</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Claremont" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_129" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_128.jpg" width="727" height="505" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">129</span></p> - -<h2>Claremont</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> view of the Hudson, on a fine day, to a -person looking northward from Claremont is -one of the best on the river. Being on a high -point that juts out somewhat into the stream, the spectator -appreciates the river’s breadth. In former days -the site of Claremont was remarkable for its magnificent -trees, pine, oak and tulip, of extraordinary girth, -height and spread, but the building of the railroad -(which spoiled so many country seats) sounded its death -knell in respect to its being a place of residence with -appropriate surroundings. What is now known as -Claremont appears at an early period to have been -composed of two properties, the upper or northerly -one being called “Strawberry Hill,” or “Claremont,” -and the lower or southerly, one “Monte Alto.” Some -of the early deeds were not recorded and the writer -has not ascertained when or how the division was -made.</p> - -<p>A tract of land including that on which the house -stands was conveyed in 1774 to Nicholas de Peyster, -and in August, 1776, was sold by him to George Pollock, -an Irish linen merchant.</p> - -<p>Pollock endeavored to improve the place by clearing -and cultivation, as is shown by the statement in a letter<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">130</span> -mentioned below, in which he says: “I have long considered -those grounds as of my own creation, having -selected them when wild, and brought the place to its -present form.” He named the place “Strawberry -Hill.” After living there for some years and after the -loss of a child (said to have occurred by drowning) he -withdrew to England.</p> - -<p>Almost everyone who has visited Grant’s Tomb remembers -the marble funereal monument in the form of -an urn inclosed within an iron railing near the top of -the hill. The inscription, much blurred by time, reads: -“Erected to the memory of an amiable child, St. Claire -Pollock, died 15th. July 1797 in the 5 year of his age.” -Then follow some lines of verse. In a letter written -from England by Mr. Pollock to Mrs. Gulian Verplanck, -who had become the owner of that or the adjoining -place, dated July 18, 1800, he writes: “There is -a small enclosure near your boundary fence within which -lie the remains of a favorite child, covered by a marble -monument.... The surrounding ground will fall into -the hands of I know not whom, whose prejudice or -better taste may remove the monument and lay the enclosure -open. You will confer a peculiar and interesting -favor upon me by allowing me to convey the enclosure -to you, so that you will consider it a part of your -own estate, keeping it however always enclosed and -sacred. There is a white marble funereal urn to place -on the monument which will not lessen its beauty. I -have long considered those grounds as of my own creation,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">131</span> -having selected them when wild, and brought the -place to its present form. Having so long and so delightfully -resided there, I feel an interest in it that I -cannot get rid of by time.”<a id="FNanchor_32" href="#Footnote_32" class="fnanchor">32</a></p> - -<p>In July, 1803, a tract of over thirty-one acres was -conveyed by John B. Prevost, former Recorder of the -city, to Joseph Alston, of South Carolina, planter. -Alston<a id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">33</a> seems to have held the property about three -years and then to have sold it to John Marsden Pintard. -This deed conveys the tract known as “Monte Alto.” -In November, 1808, a release was recorded, executed by -Theodosia Burr Alston in favor of Michael Hogan, -gentleman, Hogan having bought Monte Alto from -Pintard.<a id="FNanchor_34" href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">34</a></p> - -<p>There is no record of any conveyance of Claremont,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">132</span> -by Gulian Verplanck or his executors, to Hogan,<a id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">35</a> but -a deed made by Robert Lenox, Jacob Stout, and John -Wells, trustees, to Michael Hogan, dated July 21, 1819, -reconveys to him all property not disposed of in the -execution of their trust, which is referred to as having<span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">133</span> -been imposed by <em>two</em> previous deeds of assignment or -conveyance dated July 25, 1811. It is here that it is -generally thought a vagueness and uncertainty as to -the true owner exists. It was about this time that Claremont -was occupied by a rather mysterious individual, an -Englishman named Courtenay, who, it is said, in after -years, inherited the title of the Earl of Devon.</p> - -<p>Mr. Haswell,<a id="FNanchor_36" href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">36</a> in his “Reminiscences of an Octogenarian,” -says, page 25: “West of Broadway, between -Eleventh and Twelfth avenues and One Hundred and -Twenty-third Street, there was a large country residence -occupied by an Englishman, a Mr. Courtenay, -with but one man servant and a cook. He lived so -retired as never to be seen in company with anyone -outside of his household and very rarely in public.</p> - -<p>“There was, as a consequence, many opinions given -as to the occasion of such exclusiveness. The one generally -and finally accepted was that he had been a gay -companion of royalty in his youth, and that his leaving -England was more the result of expediency with him -than choice.” Lossing’s<a id="FNanchor_37" href="#Footnote_37" class="fnanchor">37</a> account differs somewhat -from this. He says: “When the War of 1812 broke -out he (Courtenay) returned thither (to England) -leaving his furniture and plate, which were sold at auction.... -Courtenay was a great lion in New York, -for he was a handsome bachelor, with title, fortune, and -reputation—a combination of excellencies calculated to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">134</span> -captivate the heart desires of the opposite sex. Claremont -was the residence for a while of Joseph Bonaparte, -ex-King of Spain, when he first took refuge in the -United States, after the battle of Waterloo and the -downfall of the Napoleon dynasty. Here too Francis -James Jackson, the successor of Mr. Erskine, the British -Minister at Washington, at the opening of the War -of 1812, resided a short time.... He was politically -and socially unpopular, and presented a strong contrast -to the polished Courtenay.” Courtenay disappeared at -the time of the war between this country and Great -Britain, after having greatly embellished the place. It -has always been a tradition in the Post family (who -owned the property for nearly fifty years) that Courtenay -built the present house. In March, 1812, Hogan -joined with the above-named trustees in conveying the -property “commonly called Claremont” to Herman -Le Roy, William Bayard, and James McEvers, trustees. -By some it has been supposed that while the legal -title was in trustees, there may have been an unrecorded -declaration of trust, by which Courtenay became the -equitable owner. The grantees<a id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">38</a> in the last-mentioned -deed first leased Claremont and several years later sold -it to Joel Post, February 12, 1821. Later, Mr. Post -(brother of the distinguished physician of the last century, -Dr. Wright Post, who also resided at Claremont)<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">135</span> -purchased the property adjoining on the south, Monte -Alto, and united the ownership of the two places, although -Monte Alto was for many years occupied as a -country seat by the McEvers family.<a id="FNanchor_39" href="#Footnote_39" class="fnanchor">39</a> In 1868 the -house and a portion of the place were acquired by the -city from the heirs of Mr. Post.</p> - -<p>It seems to have been pretty well shown that the -battle of Harlem Heights was not fought in this locality. -It is only in recent years that Morningside Heights -have been spoken of as Harlem Heights. In conveying -Claremont it is described as in Bloomingdale and according -to the map (Mrs. Lamb’s “History of the City -of New York,” vol. II, p. 129) the westerly line of -Harlem excluded all Morningside Heights except a few -feet at the base of the high ground at Manhattanville. -The high ground was known as Vandewater Heights, -and if the battle had taken place there it would have -been known by that name. It is more probable that -most of the fighting (which was widespread) took place -at the base of the Point of Rocks, south of the Convent -of the Sacred Heart, and also along the high ground -to the west and north. Day’s Tavern stood a little to -the northeast of the Point of Rocks, and there Knowlton -and the Connecticut troops were stationed.</p> - -<p>Major Lewis Morris, Jr., wrote to his father on -September 28th: “Monday morning an advanced party, -Colonel Knowlton’s regiment, was attacked on a -height a little to the southwest of Day’s Tavern.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">136</span> -Morningside Heights would have been considerably -more than “a little” to the southwest of Day’s Tavern. -The detachment sent out before daylight under Knowlton -by General Washington was not his regiment but -a small body, probably a single company, and was sent -to make a diversion upon the enemy’s rear. It is probable -that they followed the river’s edge as far south as -Ninety-fourth Street, much below Claremont and Morningside -Heights. The actual battle did not begin until -late in the day. The resolution of Congress passed -October 17, 1776, was “Resolved, That General Lee -be directed to repair to the camp on the Heights of -Harlem with leave,” etc.</p> - -<p>Washington had no camp on Morningside Heights. -His camp was on the high ground between the Point -of Rocks and the Harlem River.</p> - -<p>Finally “nowhere on Manhattan Island, to my -knowledge, beyond the limit of the city, have there been -found the remains of so many English and Hessian -soldiers, as shown by buttons, cross-belt buckles, bayonets, -and portions of other arms, as have been excavated, -from time to time, in the neighborhood of Trinity -Cemetery. There could have been no fight at this -point unless it was at the battle of Harlem, while the -neighborhood about Columbia University, where it is -claimed the battle was fought, has been particularly -free from all such evidence.”<a id="FNanchor_40" href="#Footnote_40" class="fnanchor">40</a> Claremont is now a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">137</span> -public restaurant.<a id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">41</a> The adding of the huge inclosed -piazzas has produced an effect that is nondescript.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">138</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Hamilton_Grange" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_139" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_138.jpg" width="724" height="504" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">139</span></p> - -<h2>Hamilton Grange</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_a_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="A" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap a"><span class="firstword">Alexander Hamilton</span>, although born -in another colony, was identified with the city -from boyhood and married into a New York -family.<a id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">42</a> The genuine New Yorker seems always to -have had a certain regard for the memory of Hamilton, -ascribable perhaps to his untimely taking off, to a sentiment -of having been, as it were, robbed of the services -of a great man, and to the strong light thrown upon -the contrast between his traits and those of his distinguished -and brilliant antagonist.</p> - -<p>He had faults, but they were very human ones, while -those of his adversary tended toward the incarnation of -selfishness. His career is probably more familiar to the -people than that of any of the other characters connected -with the State of New York during the Revolutionary -era. The site of the house (named after the -estate of his grandfather in Ayreshire, Scotland) was -chosen by him in order to be in proximity to the house -of his friend, Gouverneur Morris, at Morrisania. The -situation at that time, like that of the Jumel house, -commanded an extensive view of the Hudson and Harlem -rivers and Long Island Sound. It was then about -eight miles from town, so that it was his habit to drive<span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">140</span> -in every day. It was not to this house that he was -brought after the disastrous event of July 11, 1804. His -friend William Bayard had received an intimation of -the proposed encounter, and was waiting when the boat -containing him reached the New York shore. Hamilton -was carried to his house and died there the next -day. His wife and children were with him. One daughter, -overcome by two such dreadful events in the family -within a short period, lost her reason.<a id="FNanchor_43" href="#Footnote_43" class="fnanchor">43</a> The whole city -was affected. Business was suspended. Indignation -was universal. Burr’s followers walked in the funeral -procession. Talleyrand said of Hamilton: “Je considére -Napoleon, Fox, et Hamilton comme lest trois plus -grande hommes de notre époque, et si je devais me -prononcer entre les trois, je donnerais sans hesiter la -première place a Hamilton.”</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">142</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Jumel_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_143" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_142.jpg" width="728" height="508" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">143</span></p> - -<h2>The Jumel House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> house was built in 1758 by Captain (afterwards -Colonel) Roger Morris of the British -army, who had been an aide of General Braddock. -Morris married a daughter of Colonel Philipse. -The Philipse estate embraced a great part of the present -Westchester and Putnam counties. The manor hall -erected about 1745 (the oldest part probably about -1682) now constitutes the City Hall of Yonkers.<a id="FNanchor_44" href="#Footnote_44" class="fnanchor">44</a> In -that house, on July 3, 1730, was born Mary Philipse, -and in the drawing-room on Sunday afternoon, January -15, 1758, she was married to Captain Morris by -the Rev. Henry Barclay, rector of Trinity, and his -assistant, Mr. Auchmuty.</p> - -<p>A paper on “The Romance of the Hudson,” by -Benson J. Lossing, published in <cite>Harper’s Magazine</cite> -for April, 1876, gives the following account of the wedding: -“The leading families of the province and the -British forces in America had representatives there. -The marriage was solemnized under a crimson canopy<span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">144</span> -emblazoned with the golden crest of the family.... -The bridesmaids were Miss Barclay, Miss Van Cortlandt, -and Miss De Lancey. The groomsmen were Mr. -Heathcote, Captain Kennedy, and Mr. Watts. Acting -Governor De Lancey (son-in-law to Colonel Heathcote, -lord of the manor of Scarsdale) assisted at the -ceremony. The brothers of the bride ... gave away -the bride.... Her dowry in her own right was a -large domain, plate, jewelry, and money. A grand -feast followed the nuptial ceremony, and late on that -brilliant moonlit night most of the guests departed.</p> - -<p>“While they were feasting a tall Indian, closely -wrapped in a scarlet blanket, appeared at the door of -the banquet hall, and with measured words said: ‘Your -possessions shall pass from you when the eagle shall -despoil the lion of his mane.’ He as suddenly disappeared.... -The bride pondered the ominous words -for years ... and when, because they were royalists -in action, the magnificent domain of the Philipses was -confiscated by the Americans at the close of the Revolution, -the prophecy and its fulfillment were manifested.”<a id="FNanchor_45" href="#Footnote_45" class="fnanchor">45</a></p> - -<p>While in New York in 1756 Washington stayed at -the house of his friend, Beverly Robinson, who had married -a sister of Miss Philipse, and there is no doubt -that her charms made a deep impression upon him, but -there is no evidence that she refused him.</p> - -<div id="ip_145" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_146.jpg" width="732" height="506" alt="" /> - <div class="caption small"><span class="smcap">Manor Hall, Yonkers, 1682</span></div></div> - -<p>After the Revolution Colonel Philipse withdrew to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">146</span> -Chester, England, died there in 1785, and was buried -in Chester Cathedral, where there is a monument to -his memory. Some of his descendants are now living -in England, as well as descendants of Colonel and Mrs. -Morris. “A part of the Philipse estate was in possession -of Colonel Morris in right of his wife, and that -the whole interest should pass under the (confiscation) -act, Mrs. Morris was included in the attainder.”<a id="FNanchor_46" href="#Footnote_46" class="fnanchor">46</a> It -is believed that Mrs. Morris and her sisters were the -only women attainted of treason during the Revolution. -“In 1787 the Attorney General of England examined -the case and gave the opinion that the reversionary interest -was not included in the attainder,” and was recoverable, -and in the year 1809 Mrs. Morris’s son, Captain -Henry Gage Morris, of the royal navy, in behalf of -himself and his two sisters, sold their reversionary interest -to John Jacob Astor for twenty thousand pounds -sterling. In 1828 Mr. Astor made a compromise with -the State of New York by which he received for these -rights five hundred thousand dollars, with the understanding -that he should execute a deed with warranty<span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">148</span> -against the claims of the Morris family, in order to quiet -the title of the numerous persons who had bought from -the commissioners of forfeitures. This he did.</p> - -<p>In 1810 the property was bought by Stephen Jumel, -a wealthy French merchant. There he entertained -Louis Philippe, Lafayette, Joseph Bonaparte, Louis -Napoleon, and Henry Clay. After Jumel’s death it -came into the possession of his widow. Aaron Burr, in -his old age, married Madame Jumel. After he had -made away with a good deal of her money, she got rid -of him. He withdrew to other fields of action and died -somewhere on Staten Island.</p> - -<p>During the Revolution Washington had his headquarters -here from September 16 to October 21, 1776, -and revisited it, accompanied by his cabinet, July, 1790.</p> - -<p>The house is now in the control of the Department -of Parks and is shown to the public.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_150">150</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Gracie_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_151" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_150.jpg" width="728" height="507" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">151</span></p> - -<h2>Gracie House—East River Park</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_a_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="A" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap a"><span class="firstword">Archibald Gracie</span>, a native of Dumfries, -Scotland, of an old Scotch family, came to this -country about the time of the close of the -Revolutionary War and established himself as a merchant. -He became one of the largest if not the largest -ship owner in the country, his ships visiting, it is said, -every port in the world. He was a man of the highest -character. Oliver Wolcott said of him: “He was one -of the excellent of the earth, actively liberal, intelligent, -seeking and rejoicing in occasions to do good.” Washington -Irving wrote (January, 1813): “Their (the -Gracies’) country place was one of my strongholds last -summer. It is a charming, warm-hearted family and -the old gentleman has the soul of a prince.” Mr. Gracie -lost greatly as a result of the Berlin and Milan decrees, -over a million dollars, it is said. It is believed that -he was the largest holder of the celebrated “French -Claims,”<a id="FNanchor_47" href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">47</a> which Congress with outrageous persistence -refused or neglected to pay for generations. He married -Esther, daughter of Samuel Rogers and Elizabeth<span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">152</span> -Fitch, daughter of Thomas Fitch, Governor of Connecticut.</p> - -<p>There was an old house at Gracie’s Point belonging -to Mrs. Prevoost, and this he either altered and enlarged -or else removed entirely and built the present structure, -but at what time it is not known. In the year 1805 -Josiah Quincy was entertained there at dinner. He -describes enthusiastically the situation, overlooking the -then terribly turbulent waters of Hell Gate. He said: -“The shores of Long Island, full of cultivated prospects -and interspersed with elegant country seats, bound -the distant view. The mansion is elegant in the modern -style and the grounds laid out in taste with gardens.”<a id="FNanchor_48" href="#Footnote_48" class="fnanchor">48</a> -Among the guests at that dinner were Oliver Wolcott, -Judge Pendleton, Hamilton’s second, and Dr. Hosack, -who later married Mrs. Coster.</p> - -<p>William Gracie, the eldest son, married the beautiful -Miss Wolcott, daughter of Oliver Wolcott, Secretary -of the Treasury under Washington. A great reception -was given by Mr. and Mrs. Archibald Gracie -to the bride at this house. All the bridesmaids, groomsmen, -and a large company were assembled when the -bride died suddenly of heart disease. His daughter -Hester was married in the parlor of the house to William -Beach Lawrence, afterwards Governor of Rhode -Island. Another daughter married James Gore King, -the eminent banker, and another Charles King, afterwards -president of Columbia College, both being sons<span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">153</span> -of Rufus King of Revolutionary fame. On one occasion -during the Napoleonic wars, a French vessel was -chased by an English frigate into the neutral harbor -of New York. The Englishman lay in the lower bay -ready to attack the Frenchman when he should return -through the Narrows. Being sure of his prize he was -off his guard. The French captain, taking a skillful -pilot, slipped up the East River, a feat believed impossible -for so large a vessel. In rounding Gracie’s -Point a sailor on a yardarm was swept from his perch -by the overhanging branches of a great elm that was -standing on the lawn as late as 1880. With wonderful -agility, the sailor seized the limbs and swinging from -one to another reached the trunk, down which he slid -to the ground. Charles King, calling to the Frenchman, -rushed to the other side of the Point, put him in -his boat and followed the man-of-war, although it had -then swung over to the other side of the river. By -skillful management he reached the vessel and the sailor -scrambled aboard. Anyone who remembers the waters -of Hell Gate before the rocky bottom was blown up -by the Government will admit that Mr. King did some -vigorous rowing. The man-of-war escaped by way of -the Sound, much to the chagrin of the English.</p> - -<p>Many distinguished people were entertained in this -house. When Louis Philippe was here in exile he was -invited to dine with Mrs. Gracie. The carriage and -four were sent to town to bring the royal visitor, and -when he arrived the family were assembled to receive<span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">154</span> -him. One of the little girls exclaimed aloud, “That is -not the king, he has no crown on his head,” at which -the guest laughed good-naturedly and said: “In these -days, kings are satisfied with wearing their heads without -crowns.” An early picture shows an ornamental -balustrade on the roof of the house and also on that -of the piazza, relieving the present rather bare appearance.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">156</span></p> - -<hr class="dbl" /> - -<div id="BOROUGH_OF_THE_BRONX" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_157" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_156.jpg" width="728" height="504" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">157</span></p> - -<h2><span class="larger">BOROUGH OF THE BRONX</span></h2> - -<div id="Gouverneur_Morris_House"> -<h2 class="nobreak p2">The Gouverneur Morris House<a id="FNanchor_49" href="#Footnote_49" class="fnanchor smaller">49</a></h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_g_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="G" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap g"><span class="firstword">Gouverneur Morris</span> was one of the most -interesting characters of the Revolutionary -era, interesting because he had an individuality -that distinguished him from the other worthies of -the time. Though crippled,<a id="FNanchor_50" href="#Footnote_50" class="fnanchor">50</a> his versatility and activity -of mind and body were very great. An orator of the -first rank, when but a few years past his majority he -swayed the Continental Congress with his views upon -matters of finance, a subject for which he had an especial -aptitude throughout his career. Resolving, when -a young man, to be the first lawyer in the land, he -became so. By reason of his connections, his education -and abilities, during his long stay abroad he associated -on intimate terms with a vast number of the most influential -personages living at the time. The unfortunate -King and Queen of France sought his advice and aid -in their troubles, as did Lafayette and many others.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">158</span> -His diary published in 1888 (now out of print), -written in Paris during the early days of the French -Revolution, although evidently for his own use, is -comparable with those other letters and memoirs of the -eighteenth century when writing of the sort was cultivated -as a fine art.</p> - -<p>His father’s will states: “It is my desire that my -son, Gouverneur Morris, may have the best education -that is to be had in England or America.” Great pains -were taken that this should be carried out, so that he -should be fitted for any career that might open to him.<a id="FNanchor_51" href="#Footnote_51" class="fnanchor">51</a> -He was a member of the Provincial Congress of New -York, in 1775, “serving on the various committees with -such well-balanced judgment as to command the respect -of men of twice his age and experience.” Twice elected -to the Continental Congress, he was a chairman of three -committees for carrying on the war,<a id="FNanchor_52" href="#Footnote_52" class="fnanchor">52</a> wrote continually -on all subjects, especially that of finance, and -at the same time practiced law, doing all this before -he was twenty-eight years of age. After five years -of devotion to public affairs, he became a citizen of -Philadelphia and settled down to the practice of his -profession.</p> - -<p>In 1787, as a delegate from Pennsylvania, he took -his seat in the convention which met to frame the Federal -Constitution. He had been connected in certain -financial ventures with William Constable of New York,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">159</span> -which had been eminently successful, and in November, -1788, led partly by matters relating to these and partly -by the desire to travel, he decided to visit France. His -life on the other side became so crowded with interesting -and important events that this visit was prolonged far -beyond his intention. It was ten years before he returned. -He was furnished by Washington with letters -to persons in England, France, and Holland. He was -present at the assembling of the States-General at Versailles, -which has been called the “first day of the French -Revolution,” and from that time on was <i xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">au fait</i> with -all the important events of that exciting period. At -times he was in almost daily communication with the -Duchess of Orleans, Madame de Staël, Talleyrand, and -hosts of others equally important.</p> - -<p>He was soon recognized as applying a clear brain -to the solution of any important question submitted to -him, and we find him writing a memoir for the guidance -of the king and the draught of a speech to be delivered -before the National Assembly. The Monciel scheme, -usually mentioned in the biographies of Morris, was a -well-conceived plan to get the king out of Paris. Monciel, -one of the ministry, consulted Morris as to the -details of the plan, and the king deposited with him -his papers and the sum of seven hundred and forty-eight -thousand francs. Everything was discreetly arranged -and success nearly assured when, on the morning -fixed for the king’s departure, he changed his mind and -refused to budge. Later the money was nearly all withdrawn,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">160</span> -leaving a small balance in Morris’s hands which -he returned to the Duchess d’Angoulême.<a id="FNanchor_53" href="#Footnote_53" class="fnanchor">53</a></p> - -<p>In 1789 Washington had written him a letter requesting -him to visit England and endeavor to facilitate -the carrying out of the terms of the treaty between the -two countries, but the English governing class at that -day had no desire to facilitate anything in which this -country was interested. He had many interviews with -Leeds and Pitt, but was always met with a policy of -vagueness, postponement, and unlimited delay, so that -he accomplished little. It was partly on this account -that when Washington nominated him as Minister to -France in 1791, the nomination was opposed. His views -also regarding the condition of France were well known. -He did not deem that country fitted for a radical change -of government nor for the development of the wild -theories of government that were there rampant.<a id="FNanchor_54" href="#Footnote_54" class="fnanchor">54</a> The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">161</span> -sanity of these views was proved by subsequent events, -but many senators did not regard him as suitable to -represent this republic. He was, however, confirmed by -a moderate majority. He continued to be Minister until -Genet was recalled at the request of Washington. -Then France requested his recall on the ground of -“reciprocity.”</p> - -<p>Monroe arrived in Paris in August, 1794. Morris -intended to return, but changed his plans and decided -to spend another year in Europe visiting some of the -principal courts and traveling<a id="FNanchor_55" href="#Footnote_55" class="fnanchor">55</a> through various countries, -but events were so interesting and produced so -much stir and excitement that it was fully four years -before he returned.</p> - -<p>While in England he was presented at court, November -25, 1795.<a id="FNanchor_56" href="#Footnote_56" class="fnanchor">56</a> Finally in October, 1798, he sent -his steward to New York with all his “books, liquors,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_162">162</span> -linens, furniture, plate and carriages,” and soon after -followed himself.</p> - -<p>On his mother’s death in 1786, the estate of Morrisania -devolved on his eldest brother, Staats Morris; -but he, having no intention of living in this country, -willingly sold it to him, including his father’s house, in -which he was born. The house he found in poor condition, -and at once set about the task of repairing and -adding to it. After its restoration, he settled there, and -for the rest of his life the house became the scene of a -continuous hospitality, not only to the most eminent -Americans of the day, but to nearly every foreigner of -distinction that came to this country.</p> - -<p>He was elected a United States Senator and was -always interested in public affairs. He is said to have -been the originator of the Erie Canal. In December, -1809, he married Miss Randolph of Virginia. In May, -1804, he was present at the deathbed of his friend, -Alexander Hamilton, and later delivered the funeral -oration.</p> - -<p>Sparks<a id="FNanchor_57" href="#Footnote_57" class="fnanchor">57</a> says: “The plan of his house conformed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_163">163</span> -to a French model, and though spacious and well contrived -was suited rather for convenience and perhaps -splendor within than for a show of architectural magnificence -without.” To a friend he wrote: “I have a -terrace roof of one hundred and thirty feet long,<a id="FNanchor_58" href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">58</a> to -which I go out by a side or rather back door, and from -which I enjoy one of the finest prospects while breathing -the most salubrious air in the world.” The parquet -floors of all the rooms were brought from France. The -library, wainscoted and ceiled with Dutch cherry panels, -also imported, was in the early days hung with white -and gold tapestry. The room contained the mahogany -desk, still preserved, trimmed with brass (said to have -been a present from one of the royal family), at which -he carried on his correspondence with so many distinguished -personages, correspondence often relating -to loans of money to the Duchess of Orleans, -Madame de Lafayette, Louis Philippe, and hundreds -of others.</p> - -<p>The reception room, twenty-two by thirty feet and -fourteen feet high, was also a paneled room with mirrors -set in the wall in the French style. It contained -a number of pieces of gilt furniture, originally covered -with white silk embroidered in gold, with designs from -Boucher which he had brought with him from France. -The dining room of peculiar shape (a half octagon) -was paneled in dark wood and contained a curious reminder -of life during Revolutionary days, a dumbwaiter<span class="pagenum" id="Page_164">164</span> -placed near each guest so that servants need not be -admitted to overhear the conversation.<a id="FNanchor_59" href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">59</a></p> - -<p>Morris died on November 6, 1816, in the room in -which he was born. Almost the last letter he wrote was -to plead with the Federal Party to “forget party and -think of our country. That country embraces both parties. -We must endeavor therefore to save and benefit -both.” What statesman to-day would put forth such -a sentiment?<a id="FNanchor_60" href="#Footnote_60" class="fnanchor">60</a></p> - -<div id="ip_165" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_164.jpg" width="507" height="349" alt="" /></div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">166</span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div id="Van_Cortlandt_House" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_167" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_166.jpg" width="727" height="506" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">167</span></p> - -<h2>Van Cortlandt House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">The</span> property on which the house stands belonged -in the seventeenth century to the Hon. Frederick -Philipse and was sold by him in the year -1699 to his son-in-law, Jacobus Van Cortlandt, who had -married his daughter Eva. The house was built in 1748 -by Frederick Van Cortlandt, only son of Jacobus, who -married Frances Jay, daughter of Augustus Jay, the -Huguenot. His will, dated October 2, 1749, states: -“Whereas I am now finishing a large stone dwelling -house on the plantation in which I now live, which with -the same plantation will, by virtue of my deceased father’s -will, devolve, after my decease, upon my eldest -son, James,” etc.<a id="FNanchor_61" href="#Footnote_61" class="fnanchor">61</a></p> - -<p>During the Revolutionary War the neighborhood -was constantly the scene of conflicts. Washington visited -the house in 1781, and on the hill to the north -disposed part of his army, which lighted camp fires while -he was quietly withdrawing the rest of his troops to -join Lafayette before Yorktown. There was a bloody -engagement near the house on August 31, 1778, between -the British, under Lieutenant-Colonel Simcoe, -and a body of Stockbridge Indians. The Indians -fought with great bravery and desperation, dragging<span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">168</span> -the cavalrymen from their horses, but were ultimately -dispersed, their chief being killed.<a id="FNanchor_62" href="#Footnote_62" class="fnanchor">62</a></p> - -<p>Washington slept here the night before the evacuation -of the city by the British, November 25, 1785. The -estate has been bought by the city and is now known -as Van Cortlandt Park. It contains 1,070 acres. There -is a lake covering sixty acres and a parade ground for -the National Guard on a level meadow of 120 acres.</p> - -<p>The house is used as a museum and is crowded with -interesting relics.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_170">170</span></p> - -<hr class="dbl" /> - -<div id="BOROUGH_OF_QUEENS" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_171" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_170.jpg" width="726" height="505" alt="" /></div> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">171</span></p> - -<h2><span class="larger">BOROUGH OF QUEENS</span></h2> - -<div id="Bowne_House"> -<h2 class="nobreak p2">The Bowne House—Flushing</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_t_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="T" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">This</span> house was built in 1661 by John Bowne, -a native of Matlock, Derbyshire, England, in -whose church he was baptized in the year 1627. -About 1672 George Fox, founder of the sect of Quakers -or Friends, visited Flushing and held meetings there. -Bowne’s wife<a id="FNanchor_63" href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">63</a> frequently attended the meetings, and -after a time joined the sect. As a result of this, Quakers -were often entertained at the house. Governor Stuyvesant -had Bowne arrested for “harboring Quakers,” and -he was thrown into jail. Prior to this Henry Townsend, -of Oyster Bay, had been subjected to the same -treatment. Bowne, being a man of considerable independence, -remained obdurate. He was then banished -to Holland. He presented his case to the Dutch West -India Company in such a manner that he was returned -in a special ship with the following rebuke to the Governor -and Councils of the New Netherlands, 1663: “We -finally did see from your last letter you had exiled and -transported hither a certain Quaker named John Bowne, -and although it is our cordial desire that similar and -other sectarians might not be found there, yet, as the -contrary seems to be the fact, we doubt very much if<span class="pagenum" id="Page_172">172</span> -vigorous proceedings against them ought not to be discontinued, -except you intend to check and destroy your -population, which, however, in the youth of your existence -ought rather to be encouraged by all possible -means, wherefore it is our opinion that some connivance -would be useful that the conscience of men, at least, -ought ever to remain free and unshackled.</p> - -<p>“Let everyone be unmolested as long as he is modest, -as long as his conduct, in a political sense, is irreproachable, -as long as he does not disturb others or -oppose the Government.” Signed, “The Directors of -the West India Company, Amsterdam Department.”</p> - -<p>The house has always remained in the possession of -the descendants of the first owner. House and furniture -are in a good state of preservation; they are in -charge of a caretaker and shown to visitors.</p> -</div> - -<div id="ip_173" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 32em;"> - <img src="images/i_172.jpg" width="505" height="349" alt="" /></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">174</span></p> - -<hr class="dbl" /> - -<div id="BOROUGH_OF_RICHMOND" class="chapter"> -<div id="ip_175" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 46em;"> - <img src="images/i_174.jpg" width="730" height="507" alt="" /></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">175</span></p> - -<h2><span class="larger">BOROUGH OF RICHMOND</span></h2> - -<div id="Billop_House"> -<h2 class="nobreak p2">The Billop House</h2> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_f_cap.png" width="48" height="48" alt="F" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="firstword">For</span> more than a century Staten Island was practically -in the control of the Billop family. -The Billops for several generations had led -active and valiant careers in the service of the sovereign. -One, James, in the sixteenth century, is said to -have won the friendship of Queen Elizabeth by risking -his own life in order to save hers. They had favors -also from the Stuart line.</p> - -<p>Christopher, born in 1638, received a naval training -by command of Charles I. He was commissioned captain -and made important and adventurous voyages, in -one of which he was wounded, captured by Turkish -pirates and abandoned, to be later rescued by a passing -ship. In 1667, whether by order of Charles II or on -his own account it is not known, he sailed from England -in his vessel, the <i>Bentley</i>, and came cruising in -the waters of the New Netherlands. The tradition is -that the Duke of York, to determine the ownership of -the islands in the bay, decided that any island that could -be circumnavigated in twenty-four hours belonged to -the province of New York, and Billop, having proved -that Staten Island was so included by sailing around it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_176">176</span> -in the required time, was presented with 1,163 acres in -the southern part of the island. On this tract he built -in 1668 the stone house here presented. The stones and -lumber were obtained in the vicinity, but the cement -was brought from England and the bricks from Belgium.</p> - -<p>In the early records his name appears as showing -that he had several public positions, but apart from that -little is known about him except that he held a military -command and had a controversy with Governor Andros -to his disadvantage at first, but later he succeeded in -having the governor recalled to England.</p> - -<p>In the year 1700 he sailed for England in the -<i>Bentley</i>, but was never heard of again. By some -writers it is thought that he was ordered back, inasmuch -as a pension was assigned to his widow by the -king. Captain Billop married a Miss Farmer, sister -of a Supreme Court judge in the neighboring province -of New Jersey. They had one child, a daughter, who -married her cousin, Thomas Farmer, and he, succeeding -to the manor of Bentley, changed his name to -Billop. Both died young and their tombstones are to -be seen at the house to-day. Christopher Billop, their -only son, born 1735, was a prominent man in public -affairs throughout his life. In the Revolution he was -intensely loyal to the crown, and became a colonel in -the British army. Twice he was captured. The New -Jersey colonists were especially bitter toward him, and -once by keeping men stationed in the steeple of St. Peter’s<span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">177</span> -Church at Perth Amboy they observed him going -into his house. Immediately they took boats, crossed -the river and made him prisoner. By order of Elisha -Boudinot (Com. Pris. of New Jersey) he was thrown -into jail at Burlington, hands and feet chained to the -floor and fed only on bread and water. Here his companion -in captivity was Lieutenant-Colonel Simcoe of -the Queen’s Rangers, probably the same Simcoe who -was in the engagement near the Van Cortlandt house. -Billop was exchanged for a captain who had been on -the prison ship. The second time he was taken he was -released by Washington at the solicitation of Lord -Howe, commander in chief of the British forces.</p> - -<p>After the battle of Long Island, Howe thought it -an opportune time to offer favorable terms to the colonists -if they were willing to lay down their arms. Accordingly -he dispatched General Sullivan (then a prisoner) -to Congress requesting them to send a committee -to negotiate. This committee, composed of Benjamin -Franklin, Edward Rutledge, and John Adams, met -Howe at the Billop house. “Along the sloping lawn -in front of the house, long lines of troops that formed -the very flower of the British army were drawn up between -which the distinguished commander escorted his -no less distinguished guests.”<a id="FNanchor_64" href="#Footnote_64" class="fnanchor">64</a> The conference was held -in the northwest room on the ground floor. It resulted -in nothing, the colonists refusing to accede to any terms -not involving their independence. About 1783–84 Billop<span class="pagenum" id="Page_178">178</span> -withdrew to New Brunswick, and joined that army -of estimable persons who, despoiled of their possessions, -were driven from the land for their loyalty to their -king. There for years he held prominent offices in the -Assembly and in the Council and died at St. John, -March 23, 1827, at the age of ninety-two. At his -funeral the highest honors of the town were paid to -his memory.</p> - -<p>Billop was evidently a complete type of the country -gentleman and tory squire. According to Mr. Morris, -in his “Memorial History of Staten Island,” the following -description of him was given by a friend: -“Christopher Billop was a very tall, soldierly looking -man in his prime. He was exceedingly proud and his -pride led him at times to the verge of haughtiness. Yet -he was kind-hearted, not only to those he considered -his equals, but to his slaves as well as to the poor people -of the island. No one went from his door at the old -manor hungry. It was his custom to gather the people -of the island once a year on the lawn in front of his -house and hold a ‘harvest home.’... Passionately -fond of horses, his stable was filled with the finest bred -animals in the land. He was a magnificent rider and -was very fond of the saddle. He was an expert shot -with the pistol, which once saved his life when he was -attacked by robbers. Christopher Billop was not a man -to take advice unless it instantly met with his favor.... -Lifelong friends pleaded with him to join the cause -of independence at the commencement of the Revolution,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_179">179</span> -but he chose to follow the fortunes of royalty. He -was a good citizen, a noble man!”</p> - -<p>Before the Revolution the house was noted for its -hospitality and gayety in the Colonial society of the -day. The owner entertained lavishly and at the time -of the war he received there Generals Howe, Clinton, -Knyphausen, Cleveland, Cornwallis, Burgoyne, and -many others. The interior of the house is extremely -plain. Presumably in the year 1668 the house decorator -had not made his appearance. The walls are three -feet thick and the woodwork as sound as on the day -it was built. There is of course a ghost room, with -“that spot on the floor that cannot be washed out” -where murder is said to have been done. Below there -is a dungeon with massive iron gate, and the marks are -still visible where prisoners, American and then British, -tried to cut their way out through the three-foot wall -and arched ceiling.<a id="FNanchor_65" href="#Footnote_65" class="fnanchor">65</a> It is said there was an underground -passage leading to the river.</p> - -<p>In the basement Fenimore Cooper laid one of the -scenes in his novel of the “Water Witch.”</p> - -<p>The grounds, once laid out with parklike lawns and -flower beds, are now in the last stages of dilapidation.</p> -</div> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"><div class="footnotes"> -<h2 class="nobreak p1" id="FOOTNOTES">FOOTNOTES</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="fnanchor">1</a> Built some years before the Revolution by Captain Archibald -Kennedy, R.N. (later Earl of Casillis), who married Miss Watts. -It was the headquarters respectively of Generals Howe, Cornwallis, -and Carleton.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="fnanchor">2</a> The property of William Walton, brother of Admiral Walton, -built in 1752. It was one of the best, if not the best house in -town. The gardens extended to the river. This house was mentioned -in the debates in Parliament to indicate the ability of the -colonists to pay more taxes. What might in some respects be called -the mate to this house, the Walter Franklin house, occupied by -Washington during his Presidency, stood at the north end of the -square. It was taken down in 1856, “and the only bit of it known -to exist is the President’s chair of the N. Y. Historical Society, -which is made of wood taken from the old house” (“Historic New -York,” p. 298).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="fnanchor">3</a> Depau Row was an attempt to introduce the Parisian dwelling -or hotel. The houses were entered by driveways, running through -them to large interior courtyards. They were taken down to make -way for the Mills Hotel for men.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="fnanchor">4</a> It is a little remarkable that none of our multimillionaires -have added this feature to their new houses uptown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="fnanchor">5</a> It seems rather strange that some architect has not taken this -façade or some portion of it (as, e. g., the east or west end) as a -design for the front of one of the palaces that are now springing -up throughout the land.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="fnanchor">6</a> “Old Merchants of New York City,” vol. II, p. 318.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="fnanchor">7</a> Before and after the Revolution, the Hall of Records lately -removed was used as the debtors’ prison. There were usually about -one hundred and fifty prisoners. It is said that they were allowed -only bread and water by the State and depended largely on the -kindness of benevolent people to relieve their wants.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="fnanchor">8</a> “Lamb’s History of the City of New York,” II, p. 735.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn1"><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> “The Old Merchants of New York,” vol. II, p. 319.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="fnanchor">10</a> New York <cite>Herald</cite>, May 6, 1906.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="fnanchor">11</a> “Domett’s History of the Bank of New York.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="fnanchor">12</a> Robert Emmet, member of an old English family that settled -in Ireland during Cromwell’s time, was one of the purest and most -disinterested of rebels. He is now believed by his family, and with -very good reason, to have been instigated to rebellion by a secret -emissary of Pitt in Paris, where he had resided since leaving college, -as part of an evil scheme to withdraw attention from the -disordered condition of English politics at the time. (<i xml:lang="la" lang="la">Vide</i> “Ireland -under English Rule, or A Plea for the Plaintiff,” by Thomas -Addis Emmet, 1903.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="fnanchor">13</a> Richard Montgomery, son of Thomas Montgomery, of Convoy -House, Donegal, had been a captain in the British army in the -French and Indian War. “On his return to England he is said -to have formed friendships with Fox, Burke, and Barre, and became -strongly imbued with their ideas about the rights of the colonies, -and when he was superseded and disappointed in the purchase of -a majority, he left England forever.” When in America it had -happened that on their way to a distant post, he had come on shore -with all the officers of his company at Clermont, the Livingston -place on the North River, and there met Janet Livingston for the -first time, and on his return, with the full approbation of her parents, -he married her in July, 1773. Soon after his arrival he bought a -farm at Kingsbridge, near New York, but after his marriage he -arranged to build a house at Barrytown-on-the-Hudson on the Livingston -property. -</p> -<p> -The house, known as “Montgomery Place,” was built from designs -of his nephew, an architect, son of his sister, the Viscountess -Ranelagh. Some relics of the general, including his sword, etc., -are still preserved there. When war broke out, Congress appointed -him a brigadier general, and such was the confidence in him that -he was given <i xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">carte blanche</i> as to all the officers under him. He -fell at the head of his troops in the assault on Quebec, December -31, 1775, at the age of thirty-seven. The estimation in which he -was held by his wife’s family continued to the time of his death. -In July, 1818, when the State of New York had his remains brought -from Quebec, they were interred under the monument now seen at -the east end of St. Paul’s Chapel. Forty-three years had elapsed -since Mrs. Montgomery had parted with her husband at Saratoga. -She was notified by Governor Clinton of the day on which the -steamer <i>Richmond</i>, carrying the remains, would pass down the river. -She was left alone upon the piazza of the house. The emotions with -which she saw the pageant were told in a letter written to her -niece: -</p> -<p> -“At length they came by with all that remained of a beloved -husband who left me in the bloom of manhood, a perfect being. -Alas! how did he return? However gratifying to my heart, yet -to my feelings every pang I felt was renewed. The pomp with -which it was conducted added to my woe; when the steamboat -passed with slow and solemn movement, stopping before my house, -the troops under arms, the Dead March from the muffled drums, -the mournful music, the splendid coffin canopied with crepe and -crowned with plumes, you may conceive my anguish!” After the -vessel had gone by it was found she had fainted.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="fnanchor">14</a> By resolution of the Vestry, August 26, 1803.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="fnanchor">15</a> Removed in 1835.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="fnanchor">16</a> “Nat. Cyclo. of Am. Biog.,” vol. VI, p. 360.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17" class="fnanchor">17</a> “King’s Handbook of New York,” p. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18" class="fnanchor">18</a> Goede Vrouw of Man-a-hata.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_19" href="#FNanchor_19" class="fnanchor">19</a> <cite>Magazine of American History.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20" class="fnanchor">20</a> The British took possession of the City Hall and “they also -plundered it of all the books belonging to the subscription library, -and also of a valuable library which belonged to the corporation, -the whole consisting of not less than sixty thousand volumes. This -was done with impunity and the books publicly hawked about the -town for sale by private soldiers” (“Lamb’s History of the City -of New York,” vol. II, p. 134).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_21" href="#FNanchor_21" class="fnanchor">21</a> Mrs. Cruger spent her summers at that quaint castellated -structure, Henderson House or Home, seven miles from Richfield -Springs, the grounds being part of twenty thousand acres received -by letters patent from the English crown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_22" href="#FNanchor_22" class="fnanchor">22</a> “Bulletin of Metropolitan Museum,” January, 1907.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23" class="fnanchor">23</a> Named after the three daughters, Countess of Abingdon, Lady -Southampton (Fitzroy), and Mrs. Colonel Skinner.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_24" href="#FNanchor_24" class="fnanchor">24</a> “Natl. Cyclo. of Amer. Biog.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_25" href="#FNanchor_25" class="fnanchor">25</a> “Natl. Cyclo. of Amer. Biog.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26" class="fnanchor">26</a> “Diary of Philip Hone,” vol. II, p. 101.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_27" href="#FNanchor_27" class="fnanchor">27</a> “Natl. Cyclo. of Amer. Biog.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_28" href="#FNanchor_28" class="fnanchor">28</a> “Natl. Cyclo. of Amer. Biog.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_29" href="#FNanchor_29" class="fnanchor">29</a> “In Old New York,” by Thomas A. Janvier.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_30" href="#FNanchor_30" class="fnanchor">30</a> Remembered as the writer of that popular poem, “’Twas the -night before Christmas,” etc.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_31" href="#FNanchor_31" class="fnanchor">31</a> “Natl. Cyclo. of Amer. Biog.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_32" href="#FNanchor_32" class="fnanchor">32</a> “N. Y. Standard Guide,” p. 112.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33" class="fnanchor">33</a> Joseph Alston became Governor of South Carolina. Mrs. -Alston, the daughter of Aaron Burr, met with a tragic fate. On -December 30, 1812, she sailed from Charleston in a small schooner, -<i>The Patriot</i>, accompanied by Mr. Green, a friend of her father’s, -her physician and her maid. The vessel never reached its destination. -Forty years afterwards, three men, two in Virginia and one -in Texas, made deathbed confessions that they had been members -of the crew, that the crew had mutinied and murdered all the officers -and passengers, Mrs. Alston being the last to walk the plank. The -expression of her face, one man said, haunted him the rest of his -life.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34" class="fnanchor">34</a> Pintard was a very prominent man in the first part of the -last century, the founder of the New York Historical Society and -many other city institutions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_35" href="#FNanchor_35" class="fnanchor">35</a> The author of “The Old Merchants of New York City” gives -this account of Hogan, written in his peculiar style: “Now look -back forty-eight years ago to 1805, and there was but one Hogan -in New York. His name was Michael Hogan, and he had only -landed in the city a few months, but what attention he received from -all the leading men of that day! Robert Lenox at that time lived -in good style at 157 Pearl Street. He sent an invitation to the -distinguished stranger the second day of his arrival. He was such -a man as did not arrive in the then small city of New York every -day. Michael Hogan brought with him in solid gold sovereigns -four hundred thousand pounds, equal to two million dollars, and -he had a wonderful history. What would I not give if I could write -it all out! All these 160 Hogan families alluded to above, mostly -Irish, are kith and kin of the great nabob, for such he was when he -arrived here in 1804, with his dark Indian princess wife. Michael -Hogan was born at Stone Hall, in the County of Clare, Ireland, -September 26, 1766. ‘So he was thirty-eight years old when he -landed in New York, with his dark-skinned lady and his fabulous -amount of gold. But what scenes he had been through in these -eventful thirty-eight years! He had been a sailor; he had commanded -ships bound to ports in every quarter of the world—in Asia, -Africa, America, and Europe; he had been to North as well as South -America; and he had voyaged to the West as well as to the East -Indies; he had made successful voyages to the almost then unknown -land of Australia. In the East Indies he had married a lady of -great wealth. This was the story that was talked about when Captain -Michael Hogan came here.”—Fourth Series, p. 115.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_36" href="#FNanchor_36" class="fnanchor">36</a> Who lately died at the age of ninety-eight.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_37" href="#FNanchor_37" class="fnanchor">37</a> “The Hudson from the Wilderness to the Sea,” p. 388.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38" class="fnanchor">38</a> It has been suggested that these trustees, being relatives, held -the property in trust during the minority of Gulian C. Verplanck, -who in later life became the noted Shakespearian scholar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_39" href="#FNanchor_39" class="fnanchor">39</a> Miss McEvers married Sir Edward Cunard.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_40" href="#FNanchor_40" class="fnanchor">40</a> “The Battle of Harlem Heights,” by Thomas Addis Emmet, -M.D., <cite>Magazine of American History</cite>, September, 1906.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41" class="fnanchor">41</a> During the War of 1812, defenses were erected in this section -as a protection against anticipated attacks by the British. Mrs. -Lamb says (“History of the City of New York,” vol. II, p. 661): -“On the bank of the Hudson, near the residence of Viscount Courtenay, -afterwards Earl of Devon, was a strong stone tower connected -by a line of intrenchments with Fort Laight.” Fort Laight -was at the north on an eminence overlooking Manhattanville.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_42" href="#FNanchor_42" class="fnanchor">42</a> Mrs. Hamilton was the daughter of General Philip Schuyler.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_43" href="#FNanchor_43" class="fnanchor">43</a> Some time before this his eldest son had lost his life in a duel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_44" href="#FNanchor_44" class="fnanchor">44</a> This is one of the best examples of a Colonial manor house -now standing with wainscoted walls, ornamental ceilings, carved -staircase, mantels, etc. The establishment was a large one for the -time, maintaining thirty white and twenty colored servants.—“Bolton’s -History of Westchester County.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_45" href="#FNanchor_45" class="fnanchor">45</a> “Bolton’s History of Westchester County,” vol. II.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46" class="fnanchor">46</a> At the outbreak of the Revolution the manorial families of the -province held various sentiments regarding the relations with the -mother country. Families like those of Philipse and De Lancey -were loyal to the crown and lost everything. Others, like those of -Livingston and Schuyler, espoused the cause of the “rebels” or -“patriots.” Again, there was a third class, embracing families -like those of Van Cortlandt and Morris, that had representatives -on either side. The Patroon, being a minor, was legally incapable -of choosing and saved his vast estate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_47" href="#FNanchor_47" class="fnanchor">47</a> The Government of France had certain claims against this -Government. An agreement was made to release these claims upon -the express consideration that the United States would pay <em>their -own citizens</em> the claims that they had against France.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_48" href="#FNanchor_48" class="fnanchor">48</a> Mrs. Lamb’s, “History of the City of New York.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_49" href="#FNanchor_49" class="fnanchor">49</a> This picture is from a sketch by permission of the New York -<cite>Herald</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_50" href="#FNanchor_50" class="fnanchor">50</a> While living in Philadelphia during the war he was thrown -from his carriage in trying to control a pair of runaway horses. -The accident necessitated the amputation of a leg.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_51" href="#FNanchor_51" class="fnanchor">51</a> Diary, p. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_52" href="#FNanchor_52" class="fnanchor">52</a> Commissary’s, Quartermaster’s, and Medical Departments.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_53" href="#FNanchor_53" class="fnanchor">53</a> A laconic entry in the diary gives a hint as to the life of -terror which the ill-fated family were leading: “Go to court this -morning (August 5th). Nothing remarkable, only they were up -all night expecting to be murdered.”—Diary, p. 569.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_54" href="#FNanchor_54" class="fnanchor">54</a> M. Esmein quotes Taine: “<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Quatre observateurs, écrit Hippolyte -Taine, ont dès le début, compris le caractére et la portée de -la Revolution française—Rivarol, Malouet, Gouverneur Morris et -Mallet du Pan, celui—ci plus profondement que les autres;...</span>” -but Esmein says “<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">contre l’auteur illustre et respecté des <i>Origines -de la France contemporaine</i>, j’oserais revendiquer pour Gouverneur -Morris, la plupart des titres qu’il reconnait a Mallet du Pan.</span>” -(“<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Gouverneur Morris, un temoin American de la revolution Française</span>,” -by A. Esmein, membre de l’Institut, Paris, 1906.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_55" href="#FNanchor_55" class="fnanchor">55</a> “<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Partout où il a porté ses pas, en Angleterre comme dans -l’Europe continentale, il etait accueilli avec une faveur marquée -par les hommes d’État les plus en vue; les ministres en charge, -les ambassadeurs les plus influents, le consultaient voluntiers et le -renseignaient en meme temps.</span> -</p> -<p> -“<span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Il a su recueillir partout des information abondantes et sûre, -et très souvent ses prédictions se réalisaient.... Voici le compliment -que lui adressait le 2 Juillet, 1790, M. de la Luzerne, ambassadeur -de France à Londres—‘vous dites toujours des chose -extraordinaires qui se réalisent’</span>” (<i xml:lang="la" lang="la">idem</i>).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_56" href="#FNanchor_56" class="fnanchor">56</a> The king: “Pray, Mr. Morris, what part of America are you -from?” Morris: “I am from near New York, sir. I have a -brother who has the honor to be a lieutenant general in your Majesty’s -service.” The king: “Eh! what! You’re a brother of General -Morris? Yes, I think I see a likeness, but you’re much younger.” -</p> -<p> -Diary, vol. II, p. 135. Some years prior to the Revolution, -his elder brother, Staats Morris, had married the Duchess of Gordon -and was a lieutenant general in the British army. He was -the first lieutenant colonel of the Eighty-ninth Regiment of Highlanders, -the duke being a captain, and his brothers, lieutenant and -ensign.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_57" href="#FNanchor_57" class="fnanchor">57</a> “Life of Morris,” vol. I, p. 477.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_58" href="#FNanchor_58" class="fnanchor">58</a> Diary, vol. II, p. 418.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_59" href="#FNanchor_59" class="fnanchor">59</a> “The Homes of America,” p. 119.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_60" href="#FNanchor_60" class="fnanchor">60</a> The house was taken down in 1905 to make way for the tracks -of the New York & New Haven Railroad Company.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_61" href="#FNanchor_61" class="fnanchor">61</a> Surrogate’s Office, New York, fol. XVIII, 62.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_62" href="#FNanchor_62" class="fnanchor">62</a> “Bolton’s History of Westchester County,” vol. II, p. 622.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_63" href="#FNanchor_63" class="fnanchor">63</a> Daughter of Lieutenant Robert Feake, patentee of Greenwich, -Conn., and his wife Elizabeth, niece of John Winthrop.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_64" href="#FNanchor_64" class="fnanchor">64</a> Morris’s “Memorial History of Staten Island.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="fn2"><a id="Footnote_65" href="#FNanchor_65" class="fnanchor">65</a> New York <cite>Herald</cite>, April 15, 1906.</p></div> -</div></div> - -<div class="chapter"><div class="transnote"> -<h2 class="nobreak p1" id="Transcribers_Notes">Transcriber’s Notes</h2> - -<p>Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made -consistent when a predominant preference was found -in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.</p> - -<p>Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced -quotation marks were remedied when the change was -obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.</p> - -<p>Inconsistent use of small-caps in the “Subjects” -(Table of Contents) has been retained here.</p> - -<p>Misspelled French words were not corrected.</p> - -<p>Photographs of the buildings usually are just above the chapters -referring to them, and the Table of Subjects refers to the chapters, -not to the photographs. However, the hyperlinks in the Table of Subjects lead -to the photographs.</p> -</div></div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Buildings of New York, by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD BUILDINGS OF NEW YORK *** - -***** This file should be named 60342-h.htm or 60342-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/3/4/60342/ - -Produced by ellinora, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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