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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76d1918 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60264 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60264) diff --git a/old/60264-0.txt b/old/60264-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 23432b8..0000000 --- a/old/60264-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1062 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Virtue and Use of Coffee With Regard to -the Plague And Other Infectious Distempers, by Richard Bradley - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Virtue and Use of Coffee With Regard to the Plague And Other Infectious Distempers - -Author: Richard Bradley - -Release Date: September 8, 2019 [EBook #60264] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE VIRTUE AND USE OF COFFEE *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - [Illustration: The COFFEE Tree.] - - - - - THE - VIRTUE and USE - OF - COFFEE, - With Regard to the - _PLAGUE_, - And Other - Infectious Distempers: - - CONTAINING - - The most Remarkable Observations of - the Greatest Men in _Europe_ concerning - it, from the first Knowledge of it, - down to this Present Time. - - To which is Prefix’d, - An Exact Figure of the Tree, Flower, and - Fruit, taken from the Life. - - - By R. BRADLEY, Fellow of the - Royal Society. - - - _LONDON_, - - Printed by EMAN. MATTHEWS, at the _Bible_ in - _Pater-noster-Row_; and W. MEARS, at the _Lamb_ - without _Temple-Bar_. M.DCC.XXI. - - (Price Six-Pence.) - - - - - - TO - - The Right Honourable - - THE - - Lords Spiritual and Temporal, - - And to the Honourable - - The COMMONS of _Great Britain_ in - Parliament Assembled, - - THIS - - HISTORY - - OF - - COFFEE - - Is most humbly Inscribed, - - BY - - Your HONOURS - - Most Obedient, and - - Most Humble Servant to command, - - - RICHARD BRADLEY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -_AT this time, when every Nation in_ Europe _is under the melancholy -Apprehension of an approaching Plague or Pestilence, I think it the -Business of every Man to contribute, to the utmost of his Capacity, such -Observations, as may tend to the Service of the Publick. Upon this foot, -I have some Months since published my Thoughts of the Plague in general, -upon an Hypothesis which many of the Learned concur with, tho’ some few -dissent from it: However, I find, that the Remedies prescribed by the -Physicians of both Opinions, are little different from each other. It is -remark’d by several Learned Men abroad, that Coffee is of excellent Use -in the time of Pestilence, and contributes greatly to prevent the -spreading of Infection: And one of them, in a Letter to me, observes, -that in some Parts of_ Turkey, _where the Plague is almost constant, it -is seldom mortal in those Families, who are rich enough to enjoy the -free Use of Coffee, but that the Poorer Sort, who want that Benefit, -seldom escape. Again, the same Person observes, that Coffee is not -subject to be destroy’d by any Insect, or is subject to rot, as most -other Seeds or Grains will do; and therefore justly concludes, that it -is of great Virtue and Use in all Distempers, which are supposed to be -occasioned by Insects, or unwholesome Air. And it is likely, if the true -Virtue and Use of Coffee had been known in_ London _in the Year 1665, -when the Plague raged there, that Dr._ Hodges, _and other Learned Men of -that time, would have recommended it. But since it is now become a -Liquor known to most people, I have thought fit to republish its -History, with several Additions and Remarks; especially how far it is -useful in Pestilential Cases, with an Account of the best Method of -roasting the Berries, and preserving them after roasting: And for the -Satisfaction of the Curious, have prefix’d a Figure of the Tree, -Flower, and Fruit, which I delineated from a growing Tree in the_ -Amsterdam _Gardens._ - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - - -AN -Historical Account -OF -_COFFEE_. - - -COFFEE, of late Years, is grown so much in request throughout _England_, -_Holland_, and other Parts of _Europe_, that I need say little to -recommend its History to the World: The general Use of it rather seems -to command this Work, that by our having a more familiar Knowledge of -it, we may relish it the better. And again, what yet prompts me further -to this Undertaking, is the Opportunity I have at this time to present -the World with a perfect Figure of the _Tree_ that produces this -celebrated _Fruit_; which is not done here by any random Guess, or -according to the uncertain Report of others, but drawn by my own Hand -from a growing Tree. - -AND that I may observe some sort of Method in the Prosecution of my -Discourse, I shall, in the first place, give my Reader the Names and -Descriptions of it, from the several Authors who have mentioned it; and -then I shall offer a more exact Account, from my own Knowledge, of the -_Plant_, _Flower_, and _Fruit_, for the better understanding of the -aforesaid Figure: after which, I shall set down the Time and Manner of -its first Appearance in _England_, with its Virtues and Uses. To which I -shall add some necessary Observations relating to the Original Place of -its Growth, and Manner of Trading for it; and conclude with some Remarks -I have made of its Culture in the _Amsterdam_ Garden. - -_JACOB COTOVICUS_, in his Travels to _Jerusalem_, _Anno 1598._ mentions -the _Coffee_ to have been at that time a Drink much in use amongst the -_Turks_; and tells us, that some of the _Arabians_ called it _Cahua_, -and others _Bunnu_ and _Bunchi_, but gives us no Description of the -Plant. He is the first Author that I find to have mentioned this Liquor. - -_PROSPER ALPINUS_, a Physician of _Venice_, in his Book of _Egyptian -Plants_, makes mention of the _Tree_, and gives us an imperfect Cut of -it: He tells us, that he first saw it in a Garden belonging to a Captain -of the Janizaries at _Grand Cairo_, brought from _Arabia Felix_, and -planted there as a great Rarity: It is, saith he, like the _Euonymus_ or -_Prickle-Timber_, but with Leaves thicker, harder, and greener. Of the -Fruit (called _Buna_) the _Turks_ and _Arabs_ make a Decoction or Drink, -which they use instead of Wine, and is called _Coava_. - -_PALUDAMUS_, after him, mentions it by the Name of _Choava_; and -_Rauwolfius_ calls it _Chaube_; but neither of them do make any Remarks -upon it, that are worthy to be communicated to my Reader; for these -Authors writ near a hundred Years since, when _Coffee_ was little known -to the _Europeans_. - -_SANDYS_, in his Travels through the _Turkish_ Empire, met with this -Drink at _Constantinople_: He says, “It was sold in many publick Places -there, which he calls _Coffa-Houses_, where the _Turks_ sit chatting -most of the Day, and sip of a Drink called _Coffa_, in little China -Dishes, as hot as they can suffer it; black as Soot, and tasting not -much unlike it.” He believes it to be that black Broth, which was in use -amongst the _Lacedemonians_. - -_PARKINSON_, in his _Theatr. Botanic._ _pag. 1622._ gives us a very -indifferent Figure of it, calling the _Tree_, _Arbor Bon_, and tells us, -the _Fruit_ is somewhat larger than a Hazel-Nut, pointed at the -Extremities, and of a greyish Ash-Colour; that each Berry contains two -white Seeds, which the _Turks_ make Drink of, and is in great Esteem -amongst them. - -_JOHN BAUHINE_ calls it _Bon_ vel _Ban Arbor_. - -_CASPER BAUHINE_ describes it thus; _Euonymo Similis Ægyptica fructu -Baccis Lauri simili_. - -Mr. _RAY_, in his _Histor. Plantar._ _pag. 1691._ calls it _Coffee -Frutex_, _ex cujus Fructu fit Potus_. He had not seen the _Plant_, but -discourses largely on its Virtues, which I shall give an Account of in -the proper Place. - -MONSIEUR _PONCETT_, in his Voyage to _Æthiopia_, makes it a Native of -that Country; it was, as he says, transplanted from thence to _Arabia -Felix_, and at this time the _Æthiopians_ cultivate it only as a -Curiosity: he describes it to be like the _Myrtle_ in its Leaves, but -larger and tufted; the _Fruit_ like _Pistachio_ Nut, green at first, and -of a darker Colour when it is ripe: and this they call _Coffee_. - -MANY others have mentioned the _Fruit_ to be of a _Citron_ Colour, and -of a Greyish White: but it appears plain to me, they have never seen it -in its Prosperity, as I have done; of which my Reader may be satisfied, -when he compares such Accounts with the Description I shall give of it. - -DR. _COMELIN_, _Botanick_ Professor at _Amsterdam_, in his Lectures on -_Plants_, places this _Tree_ among the _Jessamines_, and compares the -Leaf to that of our common _Chesnut_; but as that Gentleman has not yet -printed any Account of it, I shall not therefore attempt to publish the -Name at large, which he has given it. He is undoubtedly in the right to -class it with the _Jessamines_; but I rather join in Opinion with my -learned Friend Mr. _Petiver_, that the Leaf is more like to that of the -_Laurus Vulgaris_, or common _Bay_, but larger. - -THUS having given a View of what has been mentioned by the several -Authors concerning the Name and Description of this _Tree_, I shall -proceed to describe it from the Knowledge I have of it. - -IN the _Physick-Garden_ of _Amsterdam_ are two _Coffee-Trees_ above -seventeen foot high, which have been for some time in a bearing State, -and have, at most Seasons, _Fruit_ upon them; from one of these _Trees_ -I design’d the Figure prefix’d to this Treatise, which in every Point -resembles the Branch I took it from, except only the Size, which ought -to be one third part bigger to make it equal with the Life. - -THE _Tree_ is of very quick Growth, and naturally inclinable to shoot -upright; ’tis reported, that in its native Country it generally attains -to the height of forty or fifty foot, although the Stem, in the thickest -part, does not exceed five Inches in Diameter. The Leaves are -Bi-composite (or set in cross Pairs at the Joints) and not unlike those -of the common _Bay_, but curl’d at the Edges, and inclinable to hang -down. The _Flowers_ put forth in Clusters at the Joints, towards the -Extremities of the Branches; they make their first Appearance in _July_, -and are in Figure, Size, and Colour the same with those of the common -_Jessamine_, with the Addition only of five yellow _Apices_, which hang -loosely on the Top of the Flower, and a _Style_ which projects near half -an Inch above it: their Smell is faint, and little worth our Notice. - -ABOUT _October_ these Trees have done blowing, and then the Green Fruit -appear, which hang on them till the _July_ following before they are -ripe; they resemble at that time the Berries of the _Lauro-Cerasus_, or -_Bay-Cherry_, and are much of the same Shape and Colour (_i.e._ of a -dark Red) but instead of a single Stone, these have two Kernels, which -split in the middle like the _Bay-berries_ of the _Shops_. - -THE _Fruit_ being come to its Perfection, is gathered and prepared -either for making Drink, or for propagating other Plants. For the first -of these Uses they are spread on Mats, in the open Sun, to dry and -harden, which requires some time to accomplish; they are afterwards -rolled to and fro in rough Baskets to get off the Husks, and then tost -in an airy Place to clean them. Being thus ordered, they are ready for -the Roaster, who fits them for our Use. - -MONSIEUR _BERNIER_ tells us, that in the roasting of the Berries chiefly -depends the Goodness of the Liquor; and affirms, that at _Grand Cairo_, -(where there were above a thousand _Coffee-Houses_) there was but two -Persons who rightly understood that Art. - -I HAVE taken some pains to experience the best Method of roasting it, -and find none so good as by an Iron Vessel made to turn on a Spit, and -it may be roasted before a clear Fire, or over a Charcoal Fire: and here -every Berry has an equal share of Heat; and I like it roasted in a -middle way, not overburnt. I would recommend therefore the roasting of -it to every particular Family in _England_, they being then most secure -from having any damaged Berries, or any Art used to increase the Weight, -which is very injurious to the Drinkers of Coffee. Most Persons of -Distinction in _Holland_ roast their own Berries. - -MONSIEUR _DU FOUR_, a Merchant of _Lyons_, in his Treatise of this -Liquor, recommends to us, that the Decoction be prepared in _Earthen_ or -_Stone_ Vessels, as preferable to those of _Tin_, _Copper_, or any other -Metal; which (says he) take from it much of its Flavour and Goodness. -And an ingenious Friend of mine observes, that Boiling of it evaporates -too much the fine Spirits; for which reason he advises us to pour -boiling Water upon the Powder, and let it stand to infuse four or five -Minutes before the Fire: and this Method, in my Judgment, much exceeds -the common way of preparing it. - -SOME of the most curious Coffee-drinkers have informed me, that as soon -as they have reduced the Berries to Powder, ’tis the best way to put the -fresh-ground Coffee into the Coffee-Pot, which should be either of Stone -or Silver; and let it stand over the Fire a Minute or two, before they -pour the Water upon it: Others, who have not the Opportunity of getting -their Berries fresh roasted, recommend the drying and warming them -before the Fire, immediately before they grind them. And indeed both -these ways I find contribute greatly to the good Flavour of the Liquor; -but whether we prepare this Liquor by Decoction or Infusion, it commonly -remains thick and troubled for some Minutes after it is made, unless we -pour into it a Spoonful or two of cold Water, which immediately -precipitates the more heavy Parts to the bottom, and renders it clear -enough for drinking. In travelling I have often found my Account in -packing the Powder of fresh-roasted Coffee in Bottles, which for more -than twenty days has preserved its Strength and Goodness; which I -mention for the sake of those who have been so much used to drink Coffee -in the Morning, that they have not their Health without it, or have been -forced to take up with ill-tasted damaged Stuff in some Country Village. -I am the more careful to make this Remark, because I have sometimes been -a Sufferer on this Account, and I would advance, as much as possible, -the Content of Mankind. - -THE first Knowledge and Use of _Coffee_ is not certainly known; but, -according to _Banesius_, it was discovered by mere Accident: He tells -us, “It is the common Tradition amongst the _Eastern_ People, that a -certain Keeper of Camels or Goats in _Arabia Felix_, complained to the -Religious of a Monastery in those Parts, that his Herds, twice or thrice -a Week, not only kept awake all Night long, but spent it in frisking and -dancing in an unusual manner. The Prior of the Monastery, led by his -Curiosity, and weighing the Matter, believed that this must happen from -the Food of these Creatures. Marking therefore diligently that very -Night, in company with one of his Monks, the very Place where the Goats -or Camels pastured, when they danced; found there certain Shrubs or -Bushes, on the Fruit of Berries, of which they fed. He resolved to try -the Virtues of these Berries himself; thereupon boiling them in Water, -and drinking thereof, he found, by Experience, it kept him awake in the -Night. Hence it happened that he enjoined those of his Monastery the -daily Use of it; for this procuring Watchfulness, made them more readily -and surely attend their Devotions, which they were obliged to perform in -the Night. When by this frequent use of it, they daily experienced its -Wholesomness, and how effectually it conduced to the preserving them in -perfect Health, the Drink grew in request throughout the whole Kingdom; -and, in progress of time, other Nations and Provinces of the _East_ fell -into the use of it.”[A] - -THIS Story may very likely have given rise to that Opinion so generally -receiv’d amongst the _Italians_, That the Use of _Coffee_ was first -discover’d and brought out of _Asia_ into _Europe_ by some _Fryers_. - -THE same Author mentions, “That some among the _Turks_, in a sort of -Thankfulness to these Monks, have sett and peculiar daily Orisons for -_Sciadly_ and _Aidrus_, which they believe are the Names of the Monks -beforemention’d.” - -BUT it is a more receiv’d Opinion throughout the _Turkish Empire_, that -an _Angel_ taught the Use of this _Coffee-Drink_ to a _Mussel-man_, or -true Believer: however, of this we are certain, the Use of it was not -known in _England_, till the Year 1657; at which time Mr. _Daniel -Edwards_, a _Turkey_-Merchant, in his Return from _Smyrna_ to _London_, -brought over with him one _Pasqua Rosee_, a _Ragusean Greek_, who was -used to prepare this Liquor for him every Morning: The Novelty of it -drew so great Resort to his House, that he lost all the Fore-part of -the Day by it; insomuch that he thought it expedient to rid himself of -this Trouble, by allowing his _Greek_ Servant (in conjunction with his -Son-in-law’s _Coachman_) to make and sell it publickly. They set up -their _Coffee-House_ in _St. Michael’s Alley_ in _Cornhill_, which was -the first in _London_. But some small time after, these Partners fell -out and parted; and the _Coachman_ got leave to pitch a _Tent_ in _St. -Michael_’s Church-yard, and there to sell his _Coffee_ in opposition to -_Pasqua_, as appears by a Letter written at that time by a curious -Gentleman, who lately communicated it to me. - -AND thus was the Use of _Coffee_ first introduced amongst us. The -Cheapness of it, with the Conveniencies in this Way of meeting (being -preferable to those in Taverns and Ale-Houses) soon increas’d its -Drinkers; and other _Coffee-Houses_ were set up in most Parts of the -Kingdom: so that, in a few Years, it did not only gain a general Esteem -with us, but also became one of the most valuable Commodities imported -by the _East-India_ and _Turkey_ Companies. - -WE may here observe, That King _Charles_ II. finding the daily Increase -of _Coffee-Houses_, and that at those Places People were apt to talk too -freely of the State, endeavour’d the suppressing of them: but the Judges -being consulted, they declared it could not be done by Law; and only -ended in laying a Tax on them. - -OF _its Vertues_; It is noted, That the _Arabs_, and others of the -_Eastern_ People, in the Summer-Season, use only a Decoction made of the -outside Husks of this _Fruit_; and in the cooler Seasons make use of the -Kernels, esteeming the first to be cooling, and the other to be of a -hotter Nature. _Veslingius_ seems to be of their opinion, in his Notes -on _Alpinus_, where he tells us, The Husk and Kernel of this _Berry_ -have different Qualities; the first he esteems cold and dry, and the -latter to be moderately warm: And this Assertion is likewise confirm’d -to us, by _Peter de la Valle_. - -Dr. _Lemery_ of _Paris_, speaking of _Coffee_, as it is in use amongst -the _Europeans_, tells us, It is of an excellent drying Quality, -comforts the Brain, and dries up Crudities in the Stomach. Mr. _Ray_ -mentions it to be of singular Use and Efficacy to such as are afflicted -with Pains in the _Head_, _Vertigo_, _Lethargy_, and _Coughs_: it has a -good Effect on _moist_ and _cold Constitutions_; but on the other hand, -he disallows the Use of it to such as are Paralytick, and likewise such -as are troubled with _Melancholy Vapours_, or have _Hot Brains_. - -OTHER Authors assert, it cures _Consumptions_, _Swooning Fits_, and the -_Rickets_; and that it helps _Digestion_, rarefies the _Blood_, -suppresses _Vapours_, gives Life and Gayety to the _Spirits_, prevents -_Sleepiness_ after eating, provokes _Urine_ and the _Catamena_. The -_Arabian_ Women drink this Liquor constantly in their Periodical Visits, -and find a good Effect from it. It contracts the _Bowels_, and confirms -the _Tone_ of the Parts, being drank after Victuals, provided it be -fresh made; for if it stands but two or three Hours, it loseth much of -its Virtue. It is prevalent in such as have _Running-Humours_, _Sores_, -or _King’s-Evil_. It is an effectual Remedy against _Worms_ in Children; -so that if the Mother drinks frequently of it when she is With-Child, -the Infant will not be troubled with Worms, during its first Years. ’Tis -allowed to be a strong _Antihypnotick_, greatly dissipating _sleepy -Vapours_, and _Fumes_ of _Wine_. ’Tis likewise useful to such as are -afflicted with _Rheumatick_ or _Gouty Humours_. The _Dutch_ Physicians -commend the Use of it in _Intermitting Fevers_, and hold it to be good -against _Infection_; because of the great Refreshment it gives the -nobler Parts of the Body, and its sudden Effect upon the Spirits, which -are wonderfully recreated by it. And it is apparently the Opinion of all -Physicians who have yet wrote concerning the Plague, That such Bodies -whose Spirits are the most overcome by Fear, are the most subject to -receive Infections. And again, That the Spirits must be refresh’d only -by such Liquors, or Preparations, as will not promote Inflammations. And -of this nature, _say they_, is Coffee, which by a right Use supports the -vital Flame, and defends the Body from Pestilential Infection. And as -such it is generally recommended, as a necessary Drink, at least twice a -day; the first thing in a Morning, and at four in the Afternoon. Now -whether the Hypothesis of venomous Animalcula brought by the Air, or -that of Aerial Atoms, poison’d and rendred unwholesom, be the Cause of -the Pestilence, will be examin’d in another Work; but at present I shall -only say, That most of the Physicians, of both Sects, prescribe the same -Methods of Prevention, and of Cure. - -IT has been remark’d by several eminent Men, That in the Countries of -the _East_, where this Liquor is drank plentifully, the Inhabitants of -those Parts are seldom or never troubled with the Stone, Gout, or -Dropsy; which Distempers they imagine to be subdu’d by the powerful -Virtue of this Decoction: but whether this Drink be proper for such as -are afflicted with the Stone, I shall leave to the Judgment of the -Learned, after they have read the following Relation, which I had from a -Gentleman of _Leyden_, and what I believe may be depended upon: A Person -of that University prepared two Gallons of Coffee-Drink, after the rate -of eight Ounces of Powder to a Gallon of Water, and drew a Spirit from -it, and again distilled from that Spirit another, which he set by in -his Study, till he could find some Opportunity to try its Effects. About -eight Months pass’d before he had any Occasion to make use of it, when, -to his great Surprize, he found at the bottom of the Bottle a -Crustaceous or Petrified Matter, so very hard, and so strongly cemented -together, that, notwithstanding his great Skill in Chymistry, he was not -able to dissolve it. And this Case (I think) may well admit of farther -Enquiry, and more especially if we consider the Volatile Spirits -contain’d in Coffee to be one fourth part of the Weight of it, which -appears by so much Loss in the common Way of roasting the Berries. - -I SHALL now proceed to give an Account of the Country it comes from, -with some Observations relating to the Mercantine Part. - -THAT curious Gentleman, _Robert Balle_ Esq; furnish’d me with the -following Relation, as he had it from a Person that had been upon the -Place, and seen it grow: Coffee, _says he_, is not known to grow -naturally in any Part of the World, but only in _Arabia Felix_, some few -Days Journey Inland from _Moco_, in the Valleys of the _Great -Mountains_, and near the City _Saana_, about twenty Degrees -North-Latitude: The Prince of which, about eighty Years since, beat the -_Turks_ in a Battel near that Place, freed himself from their Yoke under -which he was before, and made himself Independent as at this Day, -permitting great Freedom of Trade to all Nations. - -I SHALL here take occasion to remark, wherein lies the Difference -between what we call _Turkey_ and _India Coffee_, and why the latter has -not been esteemed so good as that we receive from _Turkey_. - -THE first of these is bought by the _Turks Merchants_, who go up into -the Country where it grows, and there contract for the Fruit of Gardens, -or so many Trees as they have occasion for, (as our Fruit-mongers do for -Cherries in _Kent_.) When it is gathered and prepared, as I have already -mentioned, they bring it upon Camels down to _Juda_, a Port at the -bottom of the _Red-Sea_ (which is the Port to _Grand Cairo_) to be -transported to _Suez_; from thence by Land, about seventy Miles, to -_Grand Cairo_, and so down the _Nile_ to _Alexandria_, where it is -ship’d off for _Asia_ or _Europe_. - -THERE commonly comes thus every Year to _Egypt_, from sixty to seventy -thousand Bales of _Coffee_; which may contain, one with the other, about -three hundred weight each. - -THE Bashaw of _Cairo_ sets a Price upon it, according to its Abundance -or Scarcity, and the People there make use of it as Money in the Market, -counting so many Berries to an [B]Asper, in proportion to the Value or -Price settled by the Bashaw. - -BUT that Sort, which we have under the Character of _India Coffee_, is -bought at _Bettelfukere_, where the _English_, _Dutch_, and _French_, of -late Years, send up Factors to buy the said Commodity, and bring it on -Camels to _Moco_, from whence it is shipped for _Europe_. By which means -(although it is obliged to pass the Line twice) what we now have that -way is little inferiour to _Turkey_; which was formerly the Refuse, or -what the _Turks_ left at _Bettlefukere_. - -THE immense Quantity of this Fruit, which is yearly exported from this -one Country to other Parts of the World, is almost incredible; which, as -we are informed, is computed to be about a Million of Bushels, one Year -with another: and although it may seem unreasonable to believe, that -this Country alone should produce it in so great abundance, (considering -how small a Quantity can be gathered from each single Tree) yet with as -much Surprize we may admire how it is possible, that even the Number of -Bushels I have mentioned should be sufficient to answer the vast Demand -for it; since it is certain, that besides the general Esteem it has -gained all over _Europe_, it is not less requested throughout _Africa_ -and _Asia_, to their utmost Bounds. - -HENCE we may reasonably conjecture what vast Riches must be amass’d by -these _Arabs_, seeing they are the Proprietors of this Commodity, and -thereby command so great a Part of the Wealth of the most opulent -Countries. This part of _Arabia Felix_ is truly (as Mr. _Ray_ observes) -φερώυμος, and merits the most happy Name for its Fertility in rich -Produce. I admire, continues that Author, how so great a Treasure has -remained so long peculiar to one Country, and that neither the Envy nor -Avarice of its Neighbours have tempted them to share in this great -Advantage! But so prudent are its Masters, that on no account will they -suffer either Plant or Seed of it to come alive out of their Dominions; -taking great care to destroy the germinative Faculty of those Berries -they send abroad, and inflicting the most severe Punishments on such as -shall attempt the Transportation of any Plants of it. - -BUT notwithstanding this their extraordinary Care and Caution to -preserve this Plant peculiar to themselves, the _Hollanders_, some -Years ago, found means to furnish themselves with it, and have made a -Plantation of it about _Batavia_, in the Island of _Java_, which has -already produced some Tuns of Fruit. From this Plantation they have -lately brought two Trees to _Amsterdam_, which, by the Skill of their -ingenious Gardiner, flourish and bear Fruit in such Perfection, that -several hundred Plants have been raised there from Seeds, ripened at -that Place; and which, from time to time, they transmit to _Surinam_, -and such Places in the _West-Indies_ as are in their possession. - -THE Heer _Gerbrand Pancrass_, Commissary of the Garden, and _President_ -of the City of _Amsterdam_, did me the Honour to accommodate me with -this great Curiosity, which I sent into _England_, and intrusted to the -care of Mr. _Thomas Fairchild_, a most accurate Gardiner at _Hoxton_. - -AND since it has now found its way to _England_, it may be necessary to -offer some proper Directions for its Culture, agreeable with the Method -observed in the _Amsterdam_ Garden. - -WHEN we have an Opportunity to propagate these Trees from the Berries, -we must, immediately after they are gathered, carefully take off the -outside Husk, and separate the two Seeds which are found in each; and -set them an Inch deep in Pots of fine Earth, which are already warm in a -Bed prepared with Horse-litter; keeping the Glasses close covered for -six Weeks, and often sprinkling them with Water. From this way of -Management we may expect them to come up in less than two Months time -after Sowing. And then, for their further Improvement, you are only to -remark, they love Warmth, little Air, a light sandy Earth, and much -Water. And this last Hint answers to an Observation of that Great -Naturalist Sir _Hans Sloane_; where he tells us, that the _Arabians_ cut -artificial Channels from the Rivers, on purpose to nourish these Plants. -See _Philosophical Transactions, Numb. 208. pag. 64._ - -THESE Rules being well observed, we may expect them to bear Fruit in -five Years time from the putting in of the Seed; but in a hotter Clime, -such as _South-Carolina_, or in the _Caribbee-Islands_, much sooner. - -IF the Plague should ever come into _England_ (which God forbid) I -recommend to every Person, when they walk out, that they put in their -Mouth a little Piece of Myrrh, as an excellent Preservative from -receiving any Infection; which I shall treat of more largely in another -Work. - - -_FINIS._ - -[Illustration] - - * * * * * - -[Illustration] - - -_Books Printed for_ W. MEARS, _at the_ Lamb _without_ Temple-Bar. - - -1. A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature; endeavouring to set -forth the several Gradations remarkable in the Mineral, Vegetable, and -Animal Parts of the Creation; tending to the Composition of a Scale of -Life. Containing, I. An Account of the most remarkable Appearances in -Earths and Mineral Bodies. II. What is most remarkable in Plants and -Super-Plants. III. Of immoveable Shell-Fish, and of such as have local -Motion; with curious Observations on the rest of the Fish-kind, in Salt -and Fresh-Waters. IV. Of Animals and Insects, more particularly those of -the Serpent-kind; with several Observations relating to Climates, -Fruit-Trees, _&c._ with a distinct Account of such Lands in _England_ as -are stiled barren, and some Remarks relating to Fish-ponds. Also a -Description of the most curious Gardens in _Europe_, especially in -_Britain_; with some Experiments for the improving of Fruit-Trees and -Flowers, never before made publick. With Directions for the best Method -of pruning Vines, and Instructions for the most expeditious raising of -forward Fruits, with many curious Cuts. - - ---- _All their known Virtue appears - Productive in Herb, Plant, and Nobler Birth - Of Creatures Animate, with gradual Life - Of Growth, Sense, Reason_---- Milton. - - By _Richard Bradley, F. R. S._ - - -2. New Improvements of Planting and Gardening; both Philosophical and -Practical; explaining the Motion of the Sap, and Generation of Plants, -with other Discoveries never before made publick; for the Improvement of -Forest-Trees, Flower-Gardens, or Parterres: with a new Invention, -whereby more Designs of Garden-Plats may be made in an Hour, than can be -found in all the Books now extant: likewise several rare Secrets for the -Improvement of Fruit-Trees, Kitchin-Gardens, and Green House Plants. -The Third Edition corrected. By _Richard Bradley_, Fellow of the Royal -Society. - - -3. The Gentleman’s and Gardiner’s Kalendar; directing what is necessary -to be done every Month in the Kitchin-Garden, Fruit-Garden, Nursery, -Management of Forest-Trees, Green-House, and Flower-Garden. With -Directions for the making and ordering Hop-Grounds. By _Richard -Bradley_, F. R. S. Also the Design of a Garden-House (finely engraved -after a new manner) contrived purposely for the Good-keeping of Exotick -Plants. Sy Signior _Gallilei_ of _Florence_. The Third Edition. To which -is now added, An Abstract of the several Acts of Parliament, to -encourage the Planting of Timber-Trees, Fruit-Trees, and other Trees for -Ornament, Shelter, or Profit, and for the better Preservation of the -same, and for preventing the burning of Wood, _&c._ Price 2 _s._ - - -4. The History of Succulent Plants; containing the Aloes, Ficoids (or -Fig-Marigolds) Torch-Thistles, Melon-Thistles, and such others as are -not capable of an _Hortus-Siccus_. Engraved, from the Originals, on -Copper-Plates, with their Descriptions and Manner of Culture. By -_Richard Bradley_, Fellow of the Royal Society. - - -5. The Plague at _Marseilles_ considered; with Remarks upon the Plague -in general, shewing its Cause and Nature of Infection; with necessary -Precautions to prevent the spreading of that direful Distemper. -Published for the Preservation of the People of _Great Britain_. Also -some Observations taken from an Original Manuscript of a Graduate -Physician, who resided in _London_ during the whole time of the late -Plague, _Anno 1665._ By _Richard Bradley_, F. R. S. 3d Edition. Price 1 -_s._ - -[Illustration] - - -_In the Press, and Speedily will be Published_, - -A Philosophical Treatise of Agriculture; or, a new Method of cultivating -and increasing of all sorts of Trees, Shrubs, and Flowers: being a very -curious Work, enriched with useful Secrets in Nature, for helping the -Vegetation of all Sorts of Trees and Plants, and for fertilizing the -most stubborn Soils. By _G. A. Agricola_, M.D. and Doctor in Philosophy -at _Ratisbonne_. Translated from the _German_, with Remarks. Adorned -with Cuts. The whole revised and compared with the Original: Together -with a Preface, confirming this new Method. By _Richard Bradley_, F. R. -S. - -[Illustration] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[A] _See Discourse on Coffee_, p. 4, 5. - -[B] _A small_ Turkish _Coin, worth about three Farthings._ - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Virtue and Use of Coffee With -Regard to the Plague And Other In, by Richard Bradley - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE VIRTUE AND USE OF COFFEE *** - -***** This file should be named 60264-0.txt or 60264-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/6/60264/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Virtue and Use of Coffee With Regard to the Plague And Other Infectious Distempers - -Author: Richard Bradley - -Release Date: September 8, 2019 [EBook #60264] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE VIRTUE AND USE OF COFFEE *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="352" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i002_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i002.jpg" height="500" alt="" /></a> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_1" id="page_1">{1}</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/i003_lg.jpg"> -<img src="images/i003.jpg" height="500" alt="" /></a> -</div> - -<div class="titttle"> -<h1> -THE<br /> -<span class="smcap">Virtue</span> and <span class="smcap">Use</span><br /> -OF<br /> -COFFEE,<br /> -With Regard to the<br /> -<i>PLAGUE</i>,<br /> -And Other<br /> -Infectious Distempers:</h1> - -<p class="c"><span class="spc">CONTAINING</span></p> - -<p class="hang">The most Remarkable Observations of -the Greatest Men in <i>Europe</i> concerning -it, from the first Knowledge of it, -down to this Present Time.</p> - -<p class="c">To which is Prefix’d, -An Exact Figure of the Tree, Flower, and -Fruit, taken from the Life.</p> - -<hr class="atit" /> -<p class="c">By <span class="smcap">R. Bradley</span>, Fellow of the -Royal Society.</p> - -<hr class="atit" /> - -<p class="c"><i><span class="spc">LONDON</span></i>,</p> - -<p class="hang">Printed by <span class="smcap">Eman. Matthews</span>, at the <i>Bible</i> in -<i>Pater-noster-Row</i>; and <span class="smcap">W. Mears</span>, at the <i>Lamb</i> -without <i>Temple-Bar</i>. M.DCC.XXI.</p> - -<p class="r">(Price Six-Pence.)</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_2" id="page_2">{2}</a></span> </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_3" id="page_3">{3}</a></span> </p> - -<p class="c"> -TO<br /> -<br /> -The Right Honourable<br /> -<br /> -THE<br /> -<br /> -Lords Spiritual and Temporal,<br /> -<br /> -And to the Honourable<br /> -<br /> -The <span class="smcap">Commons</span> of <i>Great Britain</i> in<br /> -Parliament Assembled,<br /> -<br /> -THIS<br /><big><big> -<br /> -<span class="spc"><span class="spc">HISTORY</span></span><br /></big></big> -<br /> -OF<br /><big><big> -<br /> -<span class="spc"><span class="spc"><big><big>COFFEE</big></big></span></span></big></big><br /> -<br /> -Is most humbly Inscribed,<br /> -<br /> -BY<br /> -<br /> -Your <span class="smcap">Honours</span><br /> -<br /><span style="margin-right: 10em;"> -Most Obedient, and</span><br /> -<br /> -Most Humble Servant to command,<br /> -<br /> -<br /><big> -<span class="smcap"><span class="spc">Richard Bradley</span></span>.</big><br /> -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_4" id="page_4">{4}</a></span> </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_5" id="page_5">{5}</a></span> </p> - -<h2><img src="images/i007.jpg" width="400" alt="" /> - -<br />P R E F A C E.</h2> - -<p class="nind"><i> -<span class="letra2"><img src="images/ill_a.jpg" -width="80" -alt="A" -/></span>T this time, when every Nation in</i> Europe <i>is under the melancholy -Apprehension of an approaching Plague or Pestilence, I think it the -Business of every Man to contribute, to the utmost of his Capacity, such -Observations, as may tend to the Service of the Publick. Upon this foot, -I have some Months since published my Thoughts of the Plague in general, -upon an Hypo<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_6" id="page_6">{6}</a></span>thesis which many of the Learned concur with, tho’ some few -dissent from it: However, I find, that the Remedies prescribed by the -Physicians of both Opinions, are little different from each other. It is -remark’d by several Learned Men abroad, that Coffee is of excellent Use -in the time of Pestilence, and contributes greatly to prevent the -spreading of Infection: And one of them, in a Letter to me, observes, -that in some Parts of</i> Turkey, <i>where the Plague is almost constant, it -is seldom mortal in those Families, who are rich enough to enjoy the -free Use of Coffee, but that the Poorer Sort, who want that Benefit, -seldom escape. Again, the same Person observes, that Coffee is not -subject to be destroy’d by any Insect, or is subject to rot, as most -other Seeds or<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_7" id="page_7">{7}</a></span> Grains will do; and therefore justly concludes, that it -is of great Virtue and Use in all Distempers, which are supposed to be -occasioned by Insects, or unwholesome Air. And it is likely, if the true -Virtue and Use of Coffee had been known in</i> London <i>in the Year 1665, -when the Plague raged there, that Dr.</i> Hodges, <i>and other Learned Men of -that time, would have recommended it. But since it is now become a -Liquor known to most people, I have thought fit to republish its -History, with several Additions and Remarks; especially how far it is -useful in Pestilential Cases, with an Account of the best Method of -roasting the Berries, and preserving them after roasting: And for the -Satisfaction of the Curious, have<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_8" id="page_8">{8}</a></span> prefix’d a Figure of the Tree, -Flower, and Fruit, which I delineated from a growing Tree in the</i> -Amsterdam <i>Gardens.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i010.jpg" width="200" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_9" id="page_9">{9}</a></span> </p> - -<h2><img src="images/i011.jpg" width="350" alt="" /> -<br /> -AN<br /> -Historical Account<br /> -OF<br /> -<i>C O F F E E</i>.<br /> -</h2> - -<p class="nind"> -<span class="letra2"><img src="images/ill_c.jpg" -width="80" -alt="C" -/></span>OFFEE, of late Years, is grown so much in request throughout <i>England</i>, -<i>Holland</i>, and other Parts of <i>Europe</i>, that I need say little to -recommend its History to the World: The general Use of it rather seems -to command this Work, that by our having a more familiar Knowledge of -it, we may relish it the better. And again, what yet prompts me further -to this Undertaking, is the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_10" id="page_10">{10}</a></span> Opportunity I have at this time to present -the World with a perfect Figure of the <i>Tree</i> that produces this -celebrated <i>Fruit</i>; which is not done here by any random Guess, or -according to the uncertain Report of others, but drawn by my own Hand -from a growing Tree.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">AND</span> that I may observe some sort of Method in the Prosecution of my -Discourse, I shall, in the first place, give my Reader the Names and -Descriptions of it, from the several Authors who have mentioned it; and -then I shall offer a more exact Account, from my own Knowledge, of the -<i>Plant</i>, <i>Flower</i>, and <i>Fruit</i>, for the better understanding of the -aforesaid Figure: after which, I shall set down the Time and Manner of -its first Appearance in <i>England</i>, with its Virtues and Uses. To which I -shall add some necessary Observations relating to the Original Place of -its Growth, and Manner of Trading for it; and conclude with some Remarks -I have made of its Culture in the <i>Amsterdam</i> Garden.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">JACOB COTOVICUS</span></i>, in his Travels to <i>Jerusalem</i>, <i>Anno 1598.</i> mentions -the <i>Coffee</i> to have been at that time a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_11" id="page_11">{11}</a></span> Drink much in use amongst the -<i>Turks</i>; and tells us, that some of the <i>Arabians</i> called it <i>Cahua</i>, -and others <i>Bunnu</i> and <i>Bunchi</i>, but gives us no Description of the -Plant. He is the first Author that I find to have mentioned this Liquor.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc"><i>PROSPER ALPINUS</i></span>, a Physician of <i>Venice</i>, in his Book of <i>Egyptian -Plants</i>, makes mention of the <i>Tree</i>, and gives us an imperfect Cut of -it: He tells us, that he first saw it in a Garden belonging to a Captain -of the Janizaries at <i>Grand Cairo</i>, brought from <i>Arabia Felix</i>, and -planted there as a great Rarity: It is, saith he, like the <i>Euonymus</i> or -<i>Prickle-Timber</i>, but with Leaves thicker, harder, and greener. Of the -Fruit (called <i>Buna</i>) the <i>Turks</i> and <i>Arabs</i> make a Decoction or Drink, -which they use instead of Wine, and is called <i>Coava</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">PALUDAMUS</span></i>, after him, mentions it by the Name of <i>Choava</i>; and -<i>Rauwolfius</i> calls it <i>Chaube</i>; but neither of them do make any Remarks -upon it, that are worthy to be communicated to my Reader; for these -Authors writ near a hundred Years since, when <i>Coffee</i> was little known -to the <i>Europeans</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_12" id="page_12">{12}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">SANDYS</span></i>, in his Travels through the <i>Turkish</i> Empire, met with this -Drink at <i>Constantinople</i>: He says, “It was sold in many publick Places -there, which he calls <i>Coffa-Houses</i>, where the <i>Turks</i> sit chatting -most of the Day, and sip of a Drink called <i>Coffa</i>, in little China -Dishes, as hot as they can suffer it; black as Soot, and tasting not -much unlike it.” He believes it to be that black Broth, which was in use -amongst the <i>Lacedemonians</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">PARKINSON</span></i>, in his <i>Theatr. Botanic.</i> <i>pag. 1622.</i> gives us a very -indifferent Figure of it, calling the <i>Tree</i>, <i>Arbor Bon</i>, and tells us, -the <i>Fruit</i> is somewhat larger than a Hazel-Nut, pointed at the -Extremities, and of a greyish Ash-Colour; that each Berry contains two -white Seeds, which the <i>Turks</i> make Drink of, and is in great Esteem -amongst them.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">JOHN BAUHINE</span></i> calls it <i>Bon</i> vel <i>Ban Arbor</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><i><span class="spc">CASPER BAUHINE</span></i> describes it thus; <i>Euonymo Similis Ægyptica fructu -Baccis Lauri simili</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_13" id="page_13">{13}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="smcap"><span class="spc">Mr.</span></span> <i><span class="spc">RAY</span></i>, in his <i>Histor. Plantar.</i> <i>pag. 1691.</i> calls it <i>Coffee -Frutex</i>, <i>ex cujus Fructu fit Potus</i>. He had not seen the <i>Plant</i>, but -discourses largely on its Virtues, which I shall give an Account of in -the proper Place.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">MONSIEUR</span> <i><span class="spc">PONCETT</span></i>, in his Voyage to <i>Æthiopia</i>, makes it a Native of -that Country; it was, as he says, transplanted from thence to <i>Arabia -Felix</i>, and at this time the <i>Æthiopians</i> cultivate it only as a -Curiosity: he describes it to be like the <i>Myrtle</i> in its Leaves, but -larger and tufted; the <i>Fruit</i> like <i>Pistachio</i> Nut, green at first, and -of a darker Colour when it is ripe: and this they call <i>Coffee</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">MANY</span> others have mentioned the <i>Fruit</i> to be of a <i>Citron</i> Colour, and -of a Greyish White: but it appears plain to me, they have never seen it -in its Prosperity, as I have done; of which my Reader may be satisfied, -when he compares such Accounts with the Description I shall give of it.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_14" id="page_14">{14}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc"><span class="smcap">Dr.</span></span> <i><span class="spc">COMELIN</span></i>, <i>Botanick</i> Professor at <i>Amsterdam</i>, in his Lectures on -<i>Plants</i>, places this <i>Tree</i> among the <i>Jessamines</i>, and compares the -Leaf to that of our common <i>Chesnut</i>; but as that Gentleman has not yet -printed any Account of it, I shall not therefore attempt to publish the -Name at large, which he has given it. He is undoubtedly in the right to -class it with the <i>Jessamines</i>; but I rather join in Opinion with my -learned Friend Mr. <i>Petiver</i>, that the Leaf is more like to that of the -<i>Laurus Vulgaris</i>, or common <i>Bay</i>, but larger.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THUS</span> having given a View of what has been mentioned by the several -Authors concerning the Name and Description of this <i>Tree</i>, I shall -proceed to describe it from the Knowledge I have of it.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">IN</span> the <i>Physick-Garden</i> of <i>Amsterdam</i> are two <i>Coffee-Trees</i> above -seventeen foot high, which have been for some time in a bearing State, -and have, at most Seasons, <i>Fruit</i> upon them; from one of these <i>Trees</i> -I design’d the Figure prefix’d to this Treatise, which in every Point -re<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_15" id="page_15">{15}</a></span>sembles the Branch I took it from, except only the Size, which ought -to be one third part bigger to make it equal with the Life.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> <i>Tree</i> is of very quick Growth, and naturally inclinable to shoot -upright; ’tis reported, that in its native Country it generally attains -to the height of forty or fifty foot, although the Stem, in the thickest -part, does not exceed five Inches in Diameter. The Leaves are -Bi-composite (or set in cross Pairs at the Joints) and not unlike those -of the common <i>Bay</i>, but curl’d at the Edges, and inclinable to hang -down. The <i>Flowers</i> put forth in Clusters at the Joints, towards the -Extremities of the Branches; they make their first Appearance in <i>July</i>, -and are in Figure, Size, and Colour the same with those of the common -<i>Jessamine</i>, with the Addition only of five yellow <i>Apices</i>, which hang -loosely on the Top of the Flower, and a <i>Style</i> which projects near half -an Inch above it: their Smell is faint, and little worth our Notice.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">ABOUT</span> <i>October</i> these Trees have done blowing, and then the Green Fruit<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_16" id="page_16">{16}</a></span> -appear, which hang on them till the <i>July</i> following before they are -ripe; they resemble at that time the Berries of the <i>Lauro-Cerasus</i>, or -<i>Bay-Cherry</i>, and are much of the same Shape and Colour (<i>i.e.</i> of a -dark Red) but instead of a single Stone, these have two Kernels, which -split in the middle like the <i>Bay-berries</i> of the <i>Shops</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> <i>Fruit</i> being come to its Perfection, is gathered and prepared -either for making Drink, or for propagating other Plants. For the first -of these Uses they are spread on Mats, in the open Sun, to dry and -harden, which requires some time to accomplish; they are afterwards -rolled to and fro in rough Baskets to get off the Husks, and then tost -in an airy Place to clean them. Being thus ordered, they are ready for -the Roaster, who fits them for our Use.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">MONSIEUR <i>BERNIER</i></span> tells us, that in the roasting of the Berries chiefly -depends the Goodness of the Liquor; and affirms, that at <i>Grand Cairo</i>, -(where there were above a thousand <i>Coffee-Houses</i>) there was but two -Persons who rightly understood that Art.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_17" id="page_17">{17}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1">I <span class="spc">HAVE</span> taken some pains to experience the best Method of roasting it, -and find none so good as by an Iron Vessel made to turn on a Spit, and -it may be roasted before a clear Fire, or over a Charcoal Fire: and here -every Berry has an equal share of Heat; and I like it roasted in a -middle way, not overburnt. I would recommend therefore the roasting of -it to every particular Family in <i>England</i>, they being then most secure -from having any damaged Berries, or any Art used to increase the Weight, -which is very injurious to the Drinkers of Coffee. Most Persons of -Distinction in <i>Holland</i> roast their own Berries.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">MONSIEUR <i>DU FOUR</i></span>, a Merchant of <i>Lyons</i>, in his Treatise of this -Liquor, recommends to us, that the Decoction be prepared in <i>Earthen</i> or -<i>Stone</i> Vessels, as preferable to those of <i>Tin</i>, <i>Copper</i>, or any other -Metal; which (says he) take from it much of its Flavour and Goodness. -And an ingenious Friend of mine observes, that Boiling of it evaporates -too much the fine Spirits; for which reason he advises us to pour -boiling Water upon the Powder, and let it<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_18" id="page_18">{18}</a></span> stand to infuse four or five -Minutes before the Fire: and this Method, in my Judgment, much exceeds -the common way of preparing it.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">SOME</span> of the most curious Coffee-drinkers have informed me, that as soon -as they have reduced the Berries to Powder, ’tis the best way to put the -fresh-ground Coffee into the Coffee-Pot, which should be either of Stone -or Silver; and let it stand over the Fire a Minute or two, before they -pour the Water upon it: Others, who have not the Opportunity of getting -their Berries fresh roasted, recommend the drying and warming them -before the Fire, immediately before they grind them. And indeed both -these ways I find contribute greatly to the good Flavour of the Liquor; -but whether we prepare this Liquor by Decoction or Infusion, it commonly -remains thick and troubled for some Minutes after it is made, unless we -pour into it a Spoonful or two of cold Water, which immediately -precipitates the more heavy Parts to the bottom, and renders it clear -enough for drinking. In travelling I have often found my Account in -packing the Powder of fresh-roasted Coffee in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_19" id="page_19">{19}</a></span> Bottles, which for more -than twenty days has preserved its Strength and Goodness; which I -mention for the sake of those who have been so much used to drink Coffee -in the Morning, that they have not their Health without it, or have been -forced to take up with ill-tasted damaged Stuff in some Country Village. -I am the more careful to make this Remark, because I have sometimes been -a Sufferer on this Account, and I would advance, as much as possible, -the Content of Mankind.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> first Knowledge and Use of <i>Coffee</i> is not certainly known; but, -according to <i>Banesius</i>, it was discovered by mere Accident: He tells -us, “It is the common Tradition amongst the <i>Eastern</i> People, that a -certain Keeper of Camels or Goats in <i>Arabia Felix</i>, complained to the -Religious of a Monastery in those Parts, that his Herds, twice or thrice -a Week, not only kept awake all Night long, but spent it in frisking and -dancing in an unusual manner. The Prior of the Monastery, led by his -Curiosity, and weighing the Matter, believed that this must happen from -the Food of these<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_20" id="page_20">{20}</a></span> Creatures. Marking therefore diligently that very -Night, in company with one of his Monks, the very Place where the Goats -or Camels pastured, when they danced; found there certain Shrubs or -Bushes, on the Fruit of Berries, of which they fed. He resolved to try -the Virtues of these Berries himself; thereupon boiling them in Water, -and drinking thereof, he found, by Experience, it kept him awake in the -Night. Hence it happened that he enjoined those of his Monastery the -daily Use of it; for this procuring Watchfulness, made them more readily -and surely attend their Devotions, which they were obliged to perform in -the Night. When by this frequent use of it, they daily experienced its -Wholesomness, and how effectually it conduced to the preserving them in -perfect Health, the Drink grew in request throughout the whole Kingdom; -and, in progress of time, other Nations and Provinces of the <i>East</i> fell -into the use of it.”<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_21" id="page_21">{21}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THIS</span> Story may very likely have given rise to that Opinion so generally -receiv’d amongst the <i>Italians</i>, That the Use of <i>Coffee</i> was first -discover’d and brought out of <i>Asia</i> into <i>Europe</i> by some <i>Fryers</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> same Author mentions, “That some among the <i>Turks</i>, in a sort of -Thankfulness to these Monks, have sett and peculiar daily Orisons for -<i>Sciadly</i> and <i>Aidrus</i>, which they believe are the Names of the Monks -beforemention’d.”</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">BUT</span> it is a more receiv’d Opinion throughout the <i>Turkish Empire</i>, that -an <i>Angel</i> taught the Use of this <i>Coffee-Drink</i> to a <i>Mussel-man</i>, or -true Believer: however, of this we are certain, the Use of it was not -known in <i>England</i>, till the Year 1657; at which time Mr. <i>Daniel -Edwards</i>, a <i>Turkey</i>-Merchant, in his Return from <i>Smyrna</i> to <i>London</i>, -brought over with him one <i>Pasqua Rosee</i>, a <i>Ragusean Greek</i>, who was -used to prepare this Liquor for him every Morning: The Novelty of it -drew so great Resort to his House, that he lost all the Fore-part<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_22" id="page_22">{22}</a></span> of -the Day by it; insomuch that he thought it expedient to rid himself of -this Trouble, by allowing his <i>Greek</i> Servant (in conjunction with his -Son-in-law’s <i>Coachman</i>) to make and sell it publickly. They set up -their <i>Coffee-House</i> in <i>St. Michael’s Alley</i> in <i>Cornhill</i>, which was -the first in <i>London</i>. But some small time after, these Partners fell -out and parted; and the <i>Coachman</i> got leave to pitch a <i>Tent</i> in <i>St. -Michael</i>’s Church-yard, and there to sell his <i>Coffee</i> in opposition to -<i>Pasqua</i>, as appears by a Letter written at that time by a curious -Gentleman, who lately communicated it to me.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">AND</span> thus was the Use of <i>Coffee</i> first introduced amongst us. The -Cheapness of it, with the Conveniencies in this Way of meeting (being -preferable to those in Taverns and Ale-Houses) soon increas’d its -Drinkers; and other <i>Coffee-Houses</i> were set up in most Parts of the -Kingdom: so that, in a few Years, it did not only gain a general Esteem -with us, but also became one of the most valuable Commodities imported -by the <i>East-India</i> and <i>Turkey</i> Companies.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_23" id="page_23">{23}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">WE</span> may here observe, That King <i>Charles</i> II. finding the daily Increase -of <i>Coffee-Houses</i>, and that at those Places People were apt to talk too -freely of the State, endeavour’d the suppressing of them: but the Judges -being consulted, they declared it could not be done by Law; and only -ended in laying a Tax on them.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">OF</span> <i>its Vertues</i>; It is noted, That the <i>Arabs</i>, and others of the -<i>Eastern</i> People, in the Summer-Season, use only a Decoction made of the -outside Husks of this <i>Fruit</i>; and in the cooler Seasons make use of the -Kernels, esteeming the first to be cooling, and the other to be of a -hotter Nature. <i>Veslingius</i> seems to be of their opinion, in his Notes -on <i>Alpinus</i>, where he tells us, The Husk and Kernel of this <i>Berry</i> -have different Qualities; the first he esteems cold and dry, and the -latter to be moderately warm: And this Assertion is likewise confirm’d -to us, by <i>Peter de la Valle</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1">Dr. <i>Lemery</i> of <i>Paris</i>, speaking of <i>Coffee</i>, as it is in use amongst -the <i>Europeans</i>, tells us, It is of an excellent drying Quality,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_24" id="page_24">{24}</a></span> -comforts the Brain, and dries up Crudities in the Stomach. Mr. <i>Ray</i> -mentions it to be of singular Use and Efficacy to such as are afflicted -with Pains in the <i>Head</i>, <i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Lethargy</i>, and <i>Coughs</i>: it has a -good Effect on <i>moist</i> and <i>cold Constitutions</i>; but on the other hand, -he disallows the Use of it to such as are Paralytick, and likewise such -as are troubled with <i>Melancholy Vapours</i>, or have <i>Hot Brains</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">OTHER</span> Authors assert, it cures <i>Consumptions</i>, <i>Swooning Fits</i>, and the -<i>Rickets</i>; and that it helps <i>Digestion</i>, rarefies the <i>Blood</i>, -suppresses <i>Vapours</i>, gives Life and Gayety to the <i>Spirits</i>, prevents -<i>Sleepiness</i> after eating, provokes <i>Urine</i> and the <i>Catamena</i>. The -<i>Arabian</i> Women drink this Liquor constantly in their Periodical Visits, -and find a good Effect from it. It contracts the <i>Bowels</i>, and confirms -the <i>Tone</i> of the Parts, being drank after Victuals, provided it be -fresh made; for if it stands but two or three Hours, it loseth much of -its Virtue. It is prevalent in such as have <i>Running-Humours</i>, <i>Sores</i>, -or <i>King’s-Evil</i>. It is an effectual Remedy against <i>Worms</i> in Children; -so that if the Mother drinks fre<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_25" id="page_25">{25}</a></span>quently of it when she is With-Child, -the Infant will not be troubled with Worms, during its first Years. ’Tis -allowed to be a strong <i>Antihypnotick</i>, greatly dissipating <i>sleepy -Vapours</i>, and <i>Fumes</i> of <i>Wine</i>. ’Tis likewise useful to such as are -afflicted with <i>Rheumatick</i> or <i>Gouty Humours</i>. The <i>Dutch</i> Physicians -commend the Use of it in <i>Intermitting Fevers</i>, and hold it to be good -against <i>Infection</i>; because of the great Refreshment it gives the -nobler Parts of the Body, and its sudden Effect upon the Spirits, which -are wonderfully recreated by it. And it is apparently the Opinion of all -Physicians who have yet wrote concerning the Plague, That such Bodies -whose Spirits are the most overcome by Fear, are the most subject to -receive Infections. And again, That the Spirits must be refresh’d only -by such Liquors, or Preparations, as will not promote Inflammations. And -of this nature, <i>say they</i>, is Coffee, which by a right Use supports the -vital Flame, and defends the Body from Pestilential Infection. And as -such it is generally recommended, as a necessary Drink, at least twice a -day; the first thing in a Morning, and at four in the Afternoon. Now -whether the Hypo<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_26" id="page_26">{26}</a></span>thesis of venomous Animalcula brought by the Air, or -that of Aerial Atoms, poison’d and rendred unwholesom, be the Cause of -the Pestilence, will be examin’d in another Work; but at present I shall -only say, That most of the Physicians, of both Sects, prescribe the same -Methods of Prevention, and of Cure.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">IT</span> has been remark’d by several eminent Men, That in the Countries of -the <i>East</i>, where this Liquor is drank plentifully, the Inhabitants of -those Parts are seldom or never troubled with the Stone, Gout, or -Dropsy; which Distempers they imagine to be subdu’d by the powerful -Virtue of this Decoction: but whether this Drink be proper for such as -are afflicted with the Stone, I shall leave to the Judgment of the -Learned, after they have read the following Relation, which I had from a -Gentleman of <i>Leyden</i>, and what I believe may be depended upon: A Person -of that University prepared two Gallons of Coffee-Drink, after the rate -of eight Ounces of Powder to a Gallon of Water, and drew a Spirit from -it, and again distilled from<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_27" id="page_27">{27}</a></span> that Spirit another, which he set by in -his Study, till he could find some Opportunity to try its Effects. About -eight Months pass’d before he had any Occasion to make use of it, when, -to his great Surprize, he found at the bottom of the Bottle a -Crustaceous or Petrified Matter, so very hard, and so strongly cemented -together, that, notwithstanding his great Skill in Chymistry, he was not -able to dissolve it. And this Case (I think) may well admit of farther -Enquiry, and more especially if we consider the Volatile Spirits -contain’d in Coffee to be one fourth part of the Weight of it, which -appears by so much Loss in the common Way of roasting the Berries.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">I SHALL</span> now proceed to give an Account of the Country it comes from, -with some Observations relating to the Mercantine Part.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THAT</span> curious Gentleman, <i>Robert Balle</i> Esq; furnish’d me with the -following Relation, as he had it from a Person that had been upon the -Place, and seen it grow: Coffee, <i>says he</i>, is not known<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_28" id="page_28">{28}</a></span> to grow -naturally in any Part of the World, but only in <i>Arabia Felix</i>, some few -Days Journey Inland from <i>Moco</i>, in the Valleys of the <i>Great -Mountains</i>, and near the City <i>Saana</i>, about twenty Degrees -North-Latitude: The Prince of which, about eighty Years since, beat the -<i>Turks</i> in a Battel near that Place, freed himself from their Yoke under -which he was before, and made himself Independent as at this Day, -permitting great Freedom of Trade to all Nations.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">I SHALL</span> here take occasion to remark, wherein lies the Difference -between what we call <i>Turkey</i> and <i>India Coffee</i>, and why the latter has -not been esteemed so good as that we receive from <i>Turkey</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> first of these is bought by the <i>Turks Merchants</i>, who go up into -the Country where it grows, and there contract for the Fruit of Gardens, -or so many Trees as they have occasion for, (as our Fruit-mongers do for -Cherries in <i>Kent</i>.) When it is gathered and prepared, as I have already -mentioned, they bring it upon Camels down to <i>Juda</i>, a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_29" id="page_29">{29}</a></span> Port at the -bottom of the <i>Red-Sea</i> (which is the Port to <i>Grand Cairo</i>) to be -transported to <i>Suez</i>; from thence by Land, about seventy Miles, to -<i>Grand Cairo</i>, and so down the <i>Nile</i> to <i>Alexandria</i>, where it is -ship’d off for <i>Asia</i> or <i>Europe</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THERE</span> commonly comes thus every Year to <i>Egypt</i>, from sixty to seventy -thousand Bales of <i>Coffee</i>; which may contain, one with the other, about -three hundred weight each.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> Bashaw of <i>Cairo</i> sets a Price upon it, according to its Abundance -or Scarcity, and the People there make use of it as Money in the Market, -counting so many Berries to an <a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>Asper, in proportion to the Value or -Price settled by the Bashaw.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">BUT</span> that Sort, which we have under the Character of <i>India Coffee</i>, is -bought at <i>Bettelfukere</i>, where the <i>English</i>, <i>Dutch</i>, and <i>French</i>, of -late Years, send up Factors to buy the said Commodity,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_30" id="page_30">{30}</a></span> and bring it on -Camels to <i>Moco</i>, from whence it is shipped for <i>Europe</i>. By which means -(although it is obliged to pass the Line twice) what we now have that -way is little inferiour to <i>Turkey</i>; which was formerly the Refuse, or -what the <i>Turks</i> left at <i>Bettlefukere</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> immense Quantity of this Fruit, which is yearly exported from this -one Country to other Parts of the World, is almost incredible; which, as -we are informed, is computed to be about a Million of Bushels, one Year -with another: and although it may seem unreasonable to believe, that -this Country alone should produce it in so great abundance, (considering -how small a Quantity can be gathered from each single Tree) yet with as -much Surprize we may admire how it is possible, that even the Number of -Bushels I have mentioned should be sufficient to answer the vast Demand -for it; since it is certain, that besides the general Esteem it has -gained all over <i>Europe</i>, it is not less requested throughout <i>Africa</i> -and <i>Asia</i>, to their utmost Bounds.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_31" id="page_31">{31}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">HENCE</span> we may reasonably conjecture what vast Riches must be amass’d by -these <i>Arabs</i>, seeing they are the Proprietors of this Commodity, and -thereby command so great a Part of the Wealth of the most opulent -Countries. This part of <i>Arabia Felix</i> is truly (as Mr. <i>Ray</i> observes) -φερώυμος, and merits the most happy Name for its Fertility in rich -Produce. I admire, continues that Author, how so great a Treasure has -remained so long peculiar to one Country, and that neither the Envy nor -Avarice of its Neighbours have tempted them to share in this great -Advantage! But so prudent are its Masters, that on no account will they -suffer either Plant or Seed of it to come alive out of their Dominions; -taking great care to destroy the germinative Faculty of those Berries -they send abroad, and inflicting the most severe Punishments on such as -shall attempt the Transportation of any Plants of it.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">BUT</span> notwithstanding this their extraordinary Care and Caution to -preserve this Plant peculiar to themselves, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_32" id="page_32">{32}</a></span> <i>Hollanders</i>, some -Years ago, found means to furnish themselves with it, and have made a -Plantation of it about <i>Batavia</i>, in the Island of <i>Java</i>, which has -already produced some Tuns of Fruit. From this Plantation they have -lately brought two Trees to <i>Amsterdam</i>, which, by the Skill of their -ingenious Gardiner, flourish and bear Fruit in such Perfection, that -several hundred Plants have been raised there from Seeds, ripened at -that Place; and which, from time to time, they transmit to <i>Surinam</i>, -and such Places in the <i>West-Indies</i> as are in their possession.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THE</span> Heer <i>Gerbrand Pancrass</i>, Commissary of the Garden, and <i>President</i> -of the City of <i>Amsterdam</i>, did me the Honour to accommodate me with -this great Curiosity, which I sent into <i>England</i>, and intrusted to the -care of Mr. <i>Thomas Fairchild</i>, a most accurate Gardiner at <i>Hoxton</i>.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">AND</span> since it has now found its way to <i>England</i>, it may be necessary to -offer some proper Directions for its Culture, agreeable with the Method -observed in the <i>Amsterdam</i> Garden.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_33" id="page_33">{33}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">WHEN</span> we have an Opportunity to propagate these Trees from the Berries, -we must, immediately after they are gathered, carefully take off the -outside Husk, and separate the two Seeds which are found in each; and -set them an Inch deep in Pots of fine Earth, which are already warm in a -Bed prepared with Horse-litter; keeping the Glasses close covered for -six Weeks, and often sprinkling them with Water. From this way of -Management we may expect them to come up in less than two Months time -after Sowing. And then, for their further Improvement, you are only to -remark, they love Warmth, little Air, a light sandy Earth, and much -Water. And this last Hint answers to an Observation of that Great -Naturalist Sir <i>Hans Sloane</i>; where he tells us, that the <i>Arabians</i> cut -artificial Channels from the Rivers, on purpose to nourish these Plants. -See <i>Philosophical Transactions, Numb. 208. pag. 64.</i></p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">THESE</span> Rules being well observed, we may expect them to bear Fruit in -five Years time from the putting in of the Seed; but in a hotter Clime,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_34" id="page_34">{34}</a></span> -such as <i>South-Carolina</i>, or in the <i>Caribbee-Islands</i>, much sooner.</p> - -<p class="spc1"><span class="spc">IF</span> the Plague should ever come into <i>England</i> (which God forbid) I -recommend to every Person, when they walk out, that they put in their -Mouth a little Piece of Myrrh, as an excellent Preservative from -receiving any Infection; which I shall treat of more largely in another -Work.</p> - -<p class="fint"><i><span class="spc">F I N I S.</span></i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i036.jpg" width="200" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_35" id="page_35">{35}</a></span></p> - -<hr /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i037.jpg" width="350" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="hang"><i>Books Printed for</i> <span class="smcap">W. Mears</span>, <i>at the</i> Lamb <i>without</i> Temple-Bar.</p> - -<p class="nind">1. <span class="letra">A</span> Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature; endeavouring to set -forth the several Gradations remarkable in the Mineral, Vegetable, and -Animal Parts of the Creation; tending to the Composition of a Scale of -Life. Containing, I. An Account of the most remarkable Appearances in -Earths and Mineral Bodies. II. What is most remarkable in Plants and -Super-Plants. III. Of immoveable Shell-Fish, and of such as have local -Motion; with curious Observations on the rest of the Fish-kind, in Salt -and Fresh-Waters. IV. Of Animals and Insects, more particularly those of -the Serpent-kind; with several Observations relating to Climates, -Fruit-Trees, <i>&c.</i> with a distinct Account of such Lands in <i>England</i> as -are stiled bar<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_36" id="page_36">{36}</a></span>ren, and some Remarks relating to Fish-ponds. Also a -Description of the most curious Gardens in <i>Europe</i>, especially in -<i>Britain</i>; with some Experiments for the improving of Fruit-Trees and -Flowers, never before made publick. With Directions for the best Method -of pruning Vines, and Instructions for the most expeditious raising of -forward Fruits, with many curious Cuts.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">—— <i>All their known Virtue appears</i><br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Productive in Herb, Plant, and Nobler Birth</i><br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Of Creatures Animate, with gradual Life</i><br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Of Growth, Sense, Reason</i>—— Milton.<br /></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">By <i>Richard Bradley, F. R. S.</i><br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p class="spc1">2. New Improvements of Planting and Gardening; both Philosophical and -Practical; explaining the Motion of the Sap, and Generation of Plants, -with other Discoveries never before made publick; for the Improvement of -Forest-Trees, Flower-Gardens, or Parterres: with a new Invention, -whereby more Designs of Garden-Plats may be made in an Hour, than can be -found in all the Books now extant: likewise several rare Secrets for the -Improvement of Fruit-Trees, Kitchin-Gardens, and Green House Plants. -The Third Edition corrected. By <i>Richard Bradley</i>, Fellow of the Royal -Society. -<span class="pagenum"> -<a name="page_37" id="page_37">{37}</a></span></p> - -<p class="spc1">3. The Gentleman’s and Gardiner’s Kalendar; directing what is necessary -to be done every Month in the Kitchin-Garden, Fruit-Garden, Nursery, -Management of Forest-Trees, Green-House, and Flower-Garden. With -Directions for the making and ordering Hop-Grounds. By <i>Richard -Bradley</i>, F. R. S. Also the Design of a Garden-House (finely engraved -after a new manner) contrived purposely for the Good-keeping of Exotick -Plants. Sy Signior <i>Gallilei</i> of <i>Florence</i>. The Third Edition. To which -is now added, An Abstract of the several Acts of Parliament, to -encourage the Planting of Timber-Trees, Fruit-Trees, and other Trees for -Ornament, Shelter, or Profit, and for the better Preservation of the -same, and for preventing the burning of Wood, <i>&c.</i> Price 2 <i>s.</i></p> - -<p class="spc1">4. The History of Succulent Plants; containing the Aloes, Ficoids (or -Fig-Marigolds) Torch-Thistles, Melon-Thistles, and such others as are -not capable of an <i>Hortus-Siccus</i>. Engraved, from the Originals, on -Copper-Plates, with their De<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_38" id="page_38">{38}</a></span>scriptions and Manner of Culture. By -<i>Richard Bradley</i>, Fellow of the Royal Society.</p> - -<p class="spc1">5. The Plague at <i>Marseilles</i> considered; with Remarks upon the Plague -in general, shewing its Cause and Nature of Infection; with necessary -Precautions to prevent the spreading of that direful Distemper. -Published for the Preservation of the People of <i>Great Britain</i>. Also -some Observations taken from an Original Manuscript of a Graduate -Physician, who resided in <i>London</i> during the whole time of the late -Plague, <i>Anno 1665.</i> By <i>Richard Bradley</i>, F. R. S. 3d Edition. Price 1 -<i>s.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i040.jpg" width="350" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2><i>In the Press, and Speedily will be Published</i>,</h2> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">A</span> Philosophical Treatise of Agriculture; or, a new Method of cultivating -and increasing of all sorts of Trees, Shrubs, and Flowers: being a very -curious Work, enriched with useful Secrets in Nature, for helping the -Vegetation of<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_39" id="page_39">{39}</a></span> all Sorts of Trees and Plants, and for fertilizing the -most stubborn Soils. By <i>G. A. Agricola</i>, M.D. and Doctor in Philosophy -at <i>Ratisbonne</i>. Translated from the <i>German</i>, with Remarks. Adorned -with Cuts. The whole revised and compared with the Original: Together -with a Preface, confirming this new Method. By <i>Richard Bradley</i>, F. R. -S.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i041.jpg" width="200" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="cb">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> <i>See Discourse on Coffee</i>, p. 4, 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> <i>A small</i> Turkish <i>Coin, worth about three Farthings.</i></p></div> - -</div> -<hr class="full" /> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Virtue and Use of Coffee With -Regard to the Plague And Other In, by Richard Bradley - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE VIRTUE AND USE OF COFFEE *** - -***** This file should be named 60264-h.htm or 60264-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/6/60264/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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