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diff --git a/old/60257-8.txt b/old/60257-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a25a33c..0000000 --- a/old/60257-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3378 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Duke of Brittany, by Henriette Jeanrenaud - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Duke of Brittany - Life Stories for Young People - -Author: Henriette Jeanrenaud - -Translator: George P. Upton - -Release Date: September 7, 2019 [EBook #60257] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DUKE OF BRITTANY *** - - - - -Produced by D A Alexander, Stephen Hutcheson, and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by the Library of Congress) - - - - - - - - - - [Illustration: _Arthur's rescue of the Jew_ (Page 51)] - - _Life Stories for Young People_ - - - - - THE DUKE OF BRITTANY - - - _Translated from the German of - Henriette Jeanrenaud_ - - BY - GEORGE P. UPTON - _Translator of "Memories," etc._ - - WITH TWO ILLUSTRATIONS - - [Illustration: A · C · M^cCLURG] - - CHICAGO - A. C. McCLURG & CO. - 1908 - - Copyright - A. C. McClurg & Co. - 1908 - Published August 22, 1908 - - The University Press, Cambridge, U. S. A. - - - - - Translator's Preface - - -"The Duke of Brittany" is the story of the brief but eventful career of -Arthur, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet and Constance of Brittany. Geoffrey -was the fourth son of Henry the Second of England and Eleanor, Duchess -of Guienne. Upon the death of his brother Henry, Richard, surnamed the -Lion-hearted, became the heir apparent and succeeded to the throne after -the death of his father in 1189. Richard shortly afterward became one of -the leaders of the Third Crusade, which ended disastrously. After being -taken prisoner in Austria by Duke Leopold he was ransomed and returned -to England, where he suppressed the rebellion of his brother John. He -then invaded France to punish Philip the Second, John's ally, but was -mortally wounded while besieging the fortress of Chalus, near Limoges. -On Richard's death, John, surnamed Lackland, ascended the throne, -ignoring the rightful claim of Duke Arthur, Geoffrey's son. Almost his -first act was the murder of Arthur, who, with the encouragement of -Philip Augustus of France, was prepared to defend his claim as the son -of an elder brother. By John's foul deed England lost its French fiefs. - -The story turns upon the events in Arthur's short life, his young days -in Brittany, the violent death of his father, the relations of his -mother to Philip of France, the boy's love for his uncle Richard, his -service in the field with Philip, his espousal to Marie of France, the -war with John, his capture and assassination by the latter. The -incidental characters are the Jew Abraham of Paris, Earl Salisbury, the -valiant knight Hoel of Mordant and his son Alan, between whom and Arthur -existed a beautiful friendship. Many of the scenes are of thrilling -dramatic interest, particularly the one in which the crafty and -malicious Queen Eleanor refrained from blinding Arthur only because of -his resemblance to his father, her favorite son; the assassination on -shipboard; and the accusation of King John by Alan. Some of the -historical data in the story are not accurate in minor details, but in -general the tale follows the versions of the historical authorities. It -is a fascinating picture of two lovable, high-minded, chivalrous youths, -worthy the study of the youths of to-day. - - G. P. U. - -Chicago, 1908. - - - - - Contents - - - Chapter Page - I The Hunt 11 - II The New Life 19 - III Geoffrey's Legacy 24 - IV The Embassy 29 - V The Christening 34 - VI The Guardianship 42 - VII The Journey 48 - VIII King Richard in Rouen 56 - IX The Banquet 61 - X The Return to Rennes 65 - XI With King Philip Augustus 71 - XII In the Field 79 - XIII War Preparations 85 - XIV In the House of the Jew 89 - XV Arthur's Departure 94 - XVI The War with John 98 - XVII The Imprisonment 107 - XVIII King John 117 - XIX The Tower of Rouen 126 - XX On the Seine 133 - XXI The Accusation 137 - XXII The End 142 - Appendix 144 - - - - - Illustrations - - - Arthur's Rescue of the Jew _Frontispiece_ - The Assassination of Arthur 134 - - - - - The Duke of Brittany - - - - - Chapter I - The Hunt - - -Near the close of the twelfth century a hunting-castle stood in the -northern part of Brittany, in the midst of dense forests. It belonged to -Geoffrey Plantagenet, Duke of Brittany[1], and his banner was flying -from one of its towers, for the master had come for a great hunt. His -wife Constance and her ladies accompanied him, though he was very -reluctant to have her come into that wild region; but Constance would -not be separated from her husband, and feared neither the solitude of -the gloomy forest nor the fierce storms which occasionally swept over -them from the adjacent shores. Brittany was her home. Her father, the -last of the independent dukes, ruled the eastern part of it, and she -brought it as her heritage to her husband, son of King Henry the Second -of England[2]. West Brittany, which was English, had come into -Geoffrey's possession, before this time, from his father, and the two -divisions were consolidated by him into one dukedom. Constance loved the -country, and gladly visited this remote hunting-castle. - -On the second evening after her arrival, Constance found herself alone -with her attendants, for the Duke and the nobles, who were taking part -in the chase, had ridden to the forest at early morning light with their -retinues. - -There were but few guests, for many an old house had lost its brave -master, and many a strong castle stood empty. Many of the stoutest -vassals had been drafted into the service of the English king, and -others had fallen in the French wars. The country was impoverished and -well-nigh deserted; the Duke was no longer powerful enough to protect it -from marauding hordes and the ravages of wild animals. He had come at -this time not only to indulge in the pleasures of the chase, but to -restrain these pillagers as far as possible. - -The Duchess and her ladies impatiently paced the high stone terrace of -the castle, stopping now and then to scan the forest, in whose gloom the -road by which the hunters entered was soon lost. As the sun disappeared -behind the dense mass of trees the Duchess eagerly listened for the -first peal of the horns announcing the return. But as the sun sank still -lower and the darkness grew more intense, no peal sounded from the -forest. The wind rustled the banner above her, then suddenly ceased, and -an ominous silence followed. After a few minutes the neigh of a horse -was heard in the distance. - -"Do you hear that?" joyfully exclaimed the Duchess to her ladies. "It is -thus my husband's faithful steed always announces its approach to the -castle. We shall soon hear the signal of the horn, summoning us to make -ready for them. Come, let us go to meet the Duke in the hall." - -Followed by her ladies, who cast parting and anxious glances at the -forest, the Duchess hastened inside, ascended the steep, winding stairs, -and entered the large reception hall, brilliantly illuminated by -torches, where the remaining inmates of the castle assembled, among them -the chaplain in his black vestments. Uttering the greeting, "Peace be -with you," he took his place near the Duchess, the others arranging -themselves in a circle around the walls. The warder, with his heavy -bunch of keys in his leathern girdle, went out to the courtyard, -prepared to open the outer gate, which was protected by the drawbridge, -when the hunting-party arrived. - -At that instant the horn signal was sounded; but what a mournful tone -they heard! All were astonished, and anxiously looked at the Duchess, -who advanced toward the door with pallid face. Once again the horn -sounded a piercingly mournful call, and through the outer gate, which -the warder had opened, they saw the party advancing. - -A squire was in the advance, leading the Duke's horse by the bridle. -When she saw the horse was riderless, the Duchess pressed her hand to -her heart but retained her composure; for, if her husband was injured -and needed her care, she must be courageous. The next to enter the -courtyard were the Duke's followers. With slow and measured step they -carried a covered bier, and silently placed it in the entrance to the -hall. Behind them pressed knights and hunters, on foot and horse, and -much confusion prevailed. - -Constance seemed to pay no heed to them. She went to the bier and lifted -the covering. There she saw Geoffrey, her husband--dead![3] - -The handsome, noble features in their setting of luxuriant blond hair, -so lately lit up with life and animation, were now rigid in the chill of -death. Long Constance stood immovable, with the edge of the covering in -her uplifted hand, and gazed with horror-stricken eyes, as if -transformed to stone. - -The chaplain tenderly approached her. "Gracious Princess, permit us to -conduct you to your apartments." - -His words broke the silence. She uttered an exclamation of despair and -with a shriek fell fainting into the arms of her ladies. The chaplain -had her quickly removed to her chamber and cared for, and then returned -to the hall. The knights had given over their weapons and horses to -their servants, and were assembled there. A low murmur of hushed voices, -mingled with sounds of mourning, filled the great room. - -"Speak, Sir Knight," the chaplain implored of Hoel of Mordant, -Geoffrey's oldest vassal and friend, who stood by the bier with bowed -head, leaning upon his sword. "I know not yet how this dreadful tragedy -occurred. I only realize that the Duke, whom we saw but a few hours ago -in the flower of his health and strength, is dead." - -Several voices were raised to relate the circumstances. The hunters had -had an enjoyable time until noon, and had slain many stags and boars, -but one huge boar, which the Duke discovered at the very outset, managed -for a long time to elude his spear. The hounds kept upon its track, and, -guided by their baying, he at last overtook it and hurled his spear. He -only wounded it slightly, whereupon the infuriated beast turned upon the -Duke's horse and attacked it with its tusks. At this instant several -knights came up, and saw the Duke draw his hunting-knife, intending to -stab the boar in the neck; but at that moment his horse, overcome by -pain and fear, reared and fell, and in the fall the knife pierced the -Duke's side. He lay weltering in his blood as his friends gathered -around him, and only once he opened his eyes. They rested upon Knight -Hoel, who knelt by his side. The sorrowful glance of appeal in -Geoffrey's dimming eyes deeply affected the knight. Raising his head he -thus spoke: "Whatever it may be, my Prince and brother-in-arms, that -thou would'st ask, trust me it shall be done. I will devote my loyal -service to the end of my life to thy memory, and hold it as a sacred -trust." The Duke closed his eyes. A sigh escaped him, and his face was -illuminated with joyous satisfaction. Then they carried his body home. - -"And now," said Hoel, "we will execute the last service for our master. -Chaplain, remove the body to the chapel and perform the sacred rites." -Then, turning to two of the knights, he said: "And you, my friends, keep -the death-watch at the bier. I cannot yet master the sorrow which has -overcome me. I must have time for reflection, for my responsibility to -the ducal house is great. See that the gates are secure, and station -sentinels. In the morning all must assemble in the hall and have their -steeds in readiness, for messengers must be sent in all directions. Now, -betake yourselves to rest, if you can find it," he ended with a sigh. - -Suddenly cries were heard from above, and some one said, "The Duchess is -dying." - -"In the name of all the saints at once," groaned the knight, "see to it -that she has help!" - -The chaplain obeyed, but soon returned with the announcement, "Our -gracious lady has recovered and does not need me." Thereupon he motioned -to the squires to take the bier into the chapel, and followed it. -Through the open door the priest was seen as he advanced to the altar, -which was faintly lit by tapers. In a low voice he began the service. -The mourners remained kneeling for a time during the sacred ceremony, -then gradually withdrew, and only the murmur of prayer was heard. Priest -and watchers were alone with the dead. - - - - - Chapter II - The New Life - - -Armed, and with helmet in hand, Hoel entered the hall at early dawn, -only to find it deserted. The chapel too was closed, for the chaplain -had gone, and only the knights keeping the death-watch remained. - -A page brought the knight a warm drink. He drained the cup, and as he -turned to hand it back to him he saw the priest descending the stairs -which led to the apartments of the Duchess. - -"Have you seen our gracious lady? Then arrange for my admission also," -Hoel said to him. - -"Come outside with me," replied the chaplain, much agitated, "and hear -what I have to say, not here where we are so near the dead, but under -God's sky." - -Overcome with astonishment, Hoel followed the chaplain as he strode -forward in haste to the courtyard. As they went, a loud trumpet-blast -sounded jubilantly from the battlements. - -"Is the warder out of his senses? What means this fanfare in the house -of the dead?" exclaimed Hoel indignantly. "And what does that mean also? -The black flag has been lowered on the watch-tower, and the banner with -the arms of the Plantagenets floats in its place." - -"It means, noble knight," replied the chaplain, "that Brittany has a new -Duke,--our Lady Constance has a son."[4] - -The knight's eyes glistened with delight, but it was only for an -instant. With a sigh he gently said: "Poor Geoffrey! Unfortunate child!" -Then he stood for a time in deep thought. "All the same," he said at -last, recovering himself, "messengers must carry the double news to all -the castles and cities. The Council of the dead Duke must send -ambassadors to the courts of England and France." - -"As King Henry is engaged in a campaign against Scotland and Queen -Eleanor passes away the time among her castles in Guienne, there does -not seem to be urgent need of haste," said the chaplain. - -"You are wrong. They must be informed as speedily as possible," replied -the knight. As he was in the act of mounting his steed, which a squire -had brought, a page rushed up and summoned him to the Duchess. - -The knight followed the messenger to an upper room, where one of the -maids promptly met him, and conducted him to a large apartment, against -the rear wall of which the Duchess's bed stood under a gilded canopy. -The curtains were partly drawn back, and in the half darkness he saw the -face of the Duchess among the silken pillows. Hoel knelt and awaited her -commands. She motioned him to rise, and said, "Show him the child, -Joconde." - -The nurse approached, and lifted the veil from the little white bundle -she was carrying, so that he might see the child. As he stooped to look -at him, the little one opened its eyes and uttered a faint cry. The -plaintive tone pierced Hoel's heart. He laid his hand upon the child's -head and said with deep emotion, "Accept my homage, son of my brave lord -and friend." - -The Duchess bade Joconde retire, and then said, "May all, worthy knight, -like yourself, pay homage to Duke Arthur of Brittany, for it was this -name my husband selected for his first son." She gave way to her -emotions for a moment, and then said with firm voice: - -"Take this signet ring of my husband's, show it to the members of the -Council at Rennes,[5] and bid them execute my commands. The citizens of -every city shall assemble; and to them and to every country it shall be -proclaimed that Duchess Constance of Brittany will maintain the ducal -authority, and that during the minority of her son she will rule all the -possessions of the deceased Duke Geoffrey Plantagenet, with the help of -God and the nobles of Brittany. Send a messenger also to the King of -England and inform him of the death of his son and the birth of a -grandson. But, above all, send a prudent man with a letter to King -Philip Augustus at Paris.[6] Assure the King of our feudal loyalty as a -vassal of France, and tell him we shall render him our usual service in -time of peace or war, and pay the customary tribute. In consideration of -this he is to assist us in case of necessity against any enemy of our -country or of the young Duke. Have the letter drawn up in temperate and -friendly tone." - -"It shall be done, my lady," replied Hoel; "and what are your wishes as -to the funeral of the Duke?" - -"He shall be buried in the Cathedral at Rennes, and the chaplain must -see that everything necessary is done. Now go, and God preserve you. May -you quickly return for our protection." She leaned back, wearied. The -curtains were closed, and the knight left the apartment with a feeling -of relief. When he reached the courtyard he summoned his people and the -chaplain, who inquired what commissions the Duchess had given him. He -answered curtly, "Chaplain, he who says women are weak and timid has -never known the Duchess Constance." - -"But, tell me--" - -"Only this," said Hoel, with his hand upon his horse's bridle, "France -is the watchword. She said scarcely a word about England." - - - - - Chapter III - Geoffrey's Legacy - - -Upon his arrival in Rennes, the ancient capital, Hoel found the citizens -greatly excited over the rumor of the Duke's death. As his little band -rode through the streets, the people came from their houses and -workshops, and a great multitude gathered round the castle. They had -hardly heard the news of his death before it was followed by joyful -intelligence, which turned sorrow into rejoicing. Enthusiastic shouts of -"Hail to the new-born Duke! Long live Arthur Plantagenet!" rang out on -all sides. - -The Council and leading ecclesiastics were assembled when Hoel entered -the hall. After exhibiting the ring and executing his commission, he -described to them the occurrence of the fatal day, but made no reply to -their eager questioning as to the future. - -"What is to be done, Knight Mordant?" they asked. "Brittany will remain -loyal to the Duke; but will King Henry of England protect us? Philip -Augustus of France will certainly seek to extend his possessions." - -"Let us do our duty," replied Hoel. "We may accomplish great things if -we remain united." - -After a short rest Hoel departed, taking a different route to the -hunting-castle, in order to visit Castle Mordant and see his wife and -little son. - -He found them very happy and without any knowledge of what had happened. -In a few words he described the condition of the Duchess to his wife. -"And now, Bertha," he added, "prepare yourself and little Alan to ride -with me. I shall not feel easy about the Duchess and the child until I -know that you are with them." - -Bertha in surprise drew Alan to her side. "Would you take me to the -Duchess without knowing whether I shall be welcome? The Lady Constance -has not been accustomed to children for years, and may not like youthful -mischief." - -"If not for her sake, Bertha, do it for the child's sake. Suppose a -faithless nurse should place him under the control of the grandmother, -Queen Eleanor of England, and he should meet with the same fate as her -child, the little girl. What happened to her, do you ask? They say she -was put in a convent. If Geoffrey's son were to be placed in a -monastery, I believe his father would not rest in his grave." - -"I will go," assented Bertha. "Let the child be intrusted to me, and I -will care for it as if it were my own. His lot, in any event, will be -hard enough, for rulers care little for the rights of minors." - -"Oh, that Geoffrey had only been on good terms with his father!" -exclaimed Hoel. "His participation in the rebellion into which his -mother and brothers urged him estranged his father's heart." - -"But they were reconciled afterwards." - -"Yes, but his father's confidence was not restored, and the others have -been subjected to every kind of injustice. What lies Eleanor told about -John, her youngest son! His father does not trust him, and has given him -no possessions. To save himself from impoverishment he is casting -covetous glances toward Brittany."[7] - -"Her father's share to half the country cannot be taken away from her," -said Bertha. - -"Not by right; but might knows no right. Perhaps, however, the jealousy -between France and England, whose sovereigns will never permit their -beautiful maritime provinces to go to another, may save us." - -"What is the name of the little Duke?" interrupted Alan, who had climbed -upon his father's knee. - -"He is called Arthur." - -"Will he play with me?" - -"Not yet, but perhaps later." - -After speedy preparations they departed; they reached the hunting-castle -at evening, where they found the Duchess doing well. Bertha's fears -proved groundless. She was heartily welcomed by Constance, who was at -that moment specially grateful for any expression of sympathy. The -Duchess well knew that she could not place her son in better hands, and -for the first time she felt free from anxiety when Bertha cradled him in -her faithful arms. She cared alike for the two children; and Alan, far -from being jealous because his mother shared her love between them, -displayed the utmost tenderness to the little Duke. - -Hoel was now free to devote himself to the sad duty of burying the dead. -A great concourse of knights, citizens, and ecclesiastics accompanied -the body of the Duke to Rennes in an imposing procession, headed by Hoel -and the chaplain. All along the road they passed sorrowing people. -Serious anxiety for the future filled all hearts, and sincere mourning -followed the Duke to his grave. - -Shortly thereafter the Duchess and her nearest attendants betook -themselves to the capital, and were greeted with loyal homage. She met -with no protests or opposition. Her regency was indorsed, and all the -rights which Geoffrey had enjoyed in the English provinces were -conceded. Hoel remained steadfastly by the side of the Duchess and -devoted himself exclusively to her service. His example, and his tender -consideration for her, worked for her advantage, as it induced many who -were wavering at first to join in making the recognition of her -authority unanimous. - - - - - Chapter IV - The Embassy - - -As the Duchess was obliged to devote the most of her time to affairs of -state, the child was tenderly cared for by Bertha. The quiet of the -little court was broken by the festivities attending the approaching -christening of the Duke. Tournaments and sports were arranged, and the -friends and adherents of the Duchess were summoned to Rennes. She had -received no tidings from the relatives of her husband, whereas King -Philip Augustus of France had promised to be represented by one of his -knights, whose arrival was eagerly awaited. - -At last the French gentlemen appeared at the gate of the castle in -imposing array--knights in glistening armor, squires and servants also -armed. Count von Gragny, a famous soldier and well-known to Hoel on many -a battle-field, came as the King's representative. The strangers were -escorted to their quarters, and after a short rest Count Gragny -exchanged his armor for court dress to wait upon the Duchess. With his -little retinue he rode through the narrow streets of the city to the -castle, where the chamberlain conducted him to her presence. - -Constance received upon a dais in the centre of the room, surrounded by -her ladies, and bowed a gracious welcome to the Count, who knelt and -delivered the greeting of his King. - -"I am delighted, noble Count," Constance began, "that the King has -granted my wish and is willing to be the godfather of the Duke." - -"The King has shown you further favor, Lady Duchess, and has intrusted -me with a message which is for your private ear," replied the Count. - -The Duchess, surprised, motioned her ladies to withdraw. "Speak," she -eagerly exclaimed, when they were alone. - -"The King of France, in consideration of your unprotected situation and -the dangers which threaten the heir of Duke Geoffrey--" - -"Pardon me," interrupted Constance, "we do not feel that we are -unprotected. Our vassals are faithful, and the people are loyal." - -"Yet as dangers may easily arise, noble lady, when you least expect -them, King Philip offers to undertake the guardianship of your son." - -Constance was alarmed, but retained her composure, and asked: "Would not -this provoke danger? It is the duty of the nearest paternal relatives, -the King of England and his princes, to take the place of father to my -son, and they may not yield that right." - -"Are you sure they are willing to exercise it, Lady Duchess? and have -you sufficient confidence in them to intrust your child to their care? -Will they unqualifiedly recognize him as the Duke? King Henry is far -over the frontiers of Scotland and his sons are not on the best of terms -with you." - -"Richard is noble and just. He is the eldest, and is under obligation to -his dead brother, Geoffrey," replied Constance. - -"Do not depend upon him. He is never in one place long enough to become -attached to any one. I advise you to accept the King's offer." - -"I will consider it, Count," replied the Duchess, rising. "For the next -few days, meanwhile, you are my guest. We will let business rest during -the festivities, but will confer with you again on this matter before -you return to Paris." - -The Count bowed and left the Duchess, who remained for some time -absorbed in thought. At last she called Bertha, who was accustomed to -bring the Prince to his mother about that hour, and she at once entered, -carrying the child in her arms. The Duchess rushed up to her, took the -child, and tenderly kissed him. "I may enjoy my sweet one only a moment -to-day, Bertha," she exclaimed. "Is it not glorious that God has given -me such a charming gift of love? Surely fate should be kind to him, but, -alas, clouds are gathering on the horizon of his life, and I am left -alone to protect him. Now, Bertha, take my darling away, for Knight Hoel -comes to speak with me." - -Hoel was very anxious, for he feared, after the long interview with the -Count, that difficulties had arisen. Constance began at once -communicating to him what had been proposed, "Can you divine what King -Philip Augustus has requested of me?" - -"Requested, or demanded?" asked Hoel. - -"Both, only the demand was concealed. He wishes to take the guardianship -of the Duke of Brittany." - -"Ha! crafty as ever! Were his proposal disinterested, it would be well. -Still, Philip has the power to protect you." - -"But against whom? We are living in peace, and I must first know what to -expect from England." - -"May I know what reply you made to the Count?" - -"None, as yet. I asked time for consideration. See to it, therefore, -that the French gentlemen have a cordial reception, and at the -christening to-morrow the representative of the King shall be honored as -far as is in our power." - -With this the Duchess closed the interview, and Hoel repaired to his -guests to ascertain their wishes and make their visit as pleasant as -possible. - - - - - Chapter V - The Christening - - -The little Duke was christened Arthur, as his father had decided. After -the ceremony was concluded and he had been taken back to his chamber and -consigned to Bertha's care, the Duchess summoned all her guests, as well -as her knights and ecclesiastics, to a feast in the great hall. -Constance was seated at the head of the table, under a canopy. The -strangers, with whom she graciously conversed in French, sat near her, -while the guests at the lower end of the table spoke in the native -Breton dialect. Quiet at first, they gradually grew more animated as -great flagons of wine were repeatedly filled and drained. Owing to the -confusion in the hall they failed to hear the sound of horses' hoofs -outside the castle, and the blast of a horn was the first announcement -they had of the arrival of new guests. The chamberlain entered the hall -and whispered to the Duchess, who thereupon rose, and with a wave of her -hand ordered silence. "We have unexpectedly been honored by the arrival -of a noble visitor," said she. "It is Queen Eleanor. She is at the -castle with her retinue. Let us hasten to receive them with the honors -due to her." - -Constance advanced to the entrance of the hall, followed by her nobles, -a part of the guests remaining at table. Scarcely had she reached it -when the Queen met her at the head of several knights. - -With stately dignity Constance courtesied her greeting and spoke: -"Welcome, illustrious Queen! and excuse us for not going out to receive -you. We are surprised, having received no intimation of this visit, -although we sent messengers with invitations." - -The Queen stretched out her hand to Constance and kissed her on the -forehead. "We have changed the route of the journey we had planned to -greet you, daughter-in-law, and are truly delighted to find you so -strong and well. We were ready to sympathize with you in your -affliction, but it does not appear to be necessary." - -"Honored mother of my dead husband, I shall never cease to mourn for -Geoffrey; but you very well know that princesses have no time to abandon -themselves to grief. But come and participate in our feast. You will -find worthy guests here, messengers from the King of France." - -"Ha!" exclaimed the astonished Queen, as she recognized Count Gragny, -who with the others advanced and bowed low. "Have you settled matters so -far as to throw yourself already into the arms of Philip Augustus, even -before you have taken the trouble to ascertain the policy of the King of -England?" - -"Although I have received no answer to my message to England," said the -Duchess, "I doubt not that King Henry will approve my action in securing -the good-will of our powerful neighbor and seeking his protection for my -son, the Duke of Brittany." - -"Let me see the child," replied Eleanor. As she noticed Constance -looking inquiringly at Hoel, she added: "Why do you hesitate? Have you -any reason for concealing him from me?" - -Hoel went at once to notify Bertha, and when the Queen entered the -chamber with Count Gragny and several other knights, all gathered about -the cradle in which the child was lying. Eleanor gave one glance at the -little Duke and then turned again to Constance. "I advise you to give up -your game. I shall never recognize this boy as Geoffrey's heir. Content -yourself with your paternal possessions in Brittany, which I shall never -enter again." - -"What do you mean, Your Majesty?" exclaimed Constance, with increasing -emotion. - -"I mean that the heir came very suddenly, and when he was greatly -needed," said Eleanor. "Who knows in what hut he was born and found?" - -"This is monstrous!" interrupted Constance. "How dare you impute such a -disgraceful thing to me, and insult me in my most sacred relations? Go! -Only one who can invent such a story is capable of such action. You have -a wicked heart!" - -"Enough," said the Queen. "See to it that you and your child do not come -in my way, otherwise woe to him and to you." As she said this she made a -threatening gesture with her hand at the child. - -Little Alan, who had been standing by his mother's side, darted forward -and, seizing the Queen's arm, cried out in his shrill childish voice, -"Don't you touch the Duke!" - -The Queen regarded Alan with astonishment, and said with a sneer: "So! -You have taught young and old to call him Duke without regard to the -policy of others!" - -"The united dukedom belongs to us as rightfully as does Guienne, which -you inherited from your father, to you," said Constance haughtily. "But -now, Your Majesty, let us have peace. Remember, you are our guest, and -as such we shall treat you with due honor." The Duchess stepped to the -door, and stood there until Eleanor had passed, then followed with her -knights. - -"What a woman!" whispered Count Gragny to Hoel, who quietly shrugged his -shoulders. He kept his eyes bent upon the Queen, as he suspected she -might have communication with those near the Duchess, for he feared her -wiles. Eleanor took very little part in the banquet, and shortly retired -with her attendants, after a brief leave-taking. - -Those remaining in the hall regarded each other in silence, but Count -Gragny could not long endure the situation. He spoke out: "The Queen -came like the bad fairy who always appears unexpectedly at christenings. -Fortunately, she left no evil gift behind." - -"Yet, noble Count," replied Hoel, "she has left us anxiety." - -"Let us drown all thoughts of troublesome questions with mirth and -wine," exclaimed the Count, raising his glass. "Your Ladyship, I drink -to the health of Duke Arthur." - -Constance gracefully thanked him for the honor, and raised her glass to -her lips. After that she announced the close of the feast and dismissed -the guests. - -She hastened at once to her child. She knelt down by his cradle and -looked for a long time at the handsome little one lying in quiet -slumber, watched his gentle breathing, and admired his rosy cheeks. Alan -stood at the head of the cradle and kept watch over his Duke. With a sad -smile Constance rose, took Bertha's hand, and left the chamber. - -Later in the evening the Duchess, Hoel, and her counsellors prepared a -reply to King Philip's proposals. It had already been demonstrated by -the Queen's conduct how little they could expect from her husband's -family; for although as wife and mother Eleanor neither loved nor -respected King Henry and his sons, she understood how to gain her own -ends and embitter the feelings of others. Could affection for the child -be expected of them when even his own grandmother would not acknowledge -him? After due consideration it was decided to accept the guardianship -offered by Philip Augustus on condition that the King of England, on his -return from the wars, agreed to it. - -On the following day Constance gave her reply to Count Gragny, who -expressed his delight, for he knew that the King would be pleased with -the prompt and successful manner in which he had executed the -commission. - -"My King ordered me," he said, "to make arrangements for your safety at -once. He will send you all the troops you need." - -"We are not at war," replied Constance, "and consequently do not need -help." - -"Now that Eleanor has been here, Princess, do not expect that peace will -be lasting. The help offered to-day may be too far away in time of -danger to rescue your son." - -Constance was deeply impressed by his importunity, and turned to Hoel, -saying: "You know best our means of defence. Do you think them -sufficient?" - -"The militia will not hesitate to take the field for you," replied the -knight, "but only so long as war may last. Paid troops will remain all -the time in your service, but of course they will be a burden upon the -country." - -"Only a small number will be sent," said the Count. "That is the King's -own stipulation." - -Constance was forced to accept, but with a sad heart, and dismissed the -Count, who at once started for home with his attendants. The merrymaking -arranged by the Count continued in Rennes, and the Duchess took part in -it with apparent pleasure. But, as often as she could, she visited the -room where Arthur played upon Bertha's lap and crowed and laughed in -play with Alan. She pressed her darling to her heart and sighed, "It is -all for you, my son, all for you." - - - - - Chapter VI - The Guardianship - - -Not long after these events Philip's troops marched into Brittany, where -they met with a quiet reception; but when they attempted to establish -themselves in Normandy, they encountered violent resistance. The -powerful barons there had made a complete surrender to the English -government. They had accepted Geoffrey as its representative and had -submitted to him, but they would not recognize Constance, for before her -departure to England Eleanor had won them over to her side. Their -followers were well armed, and stoutly resisted the French troops. In -the numerous encounters which occurred the interests of the Duke of -Brittany were no longer considered. The stake was the mastery of England -or of France, and one or the other side alternately gained the upper -hand. - -It was still quiet in Brittany, and in Constance's vicinity Hoel and his -men kept good watch. Longingly and often the Duchess gazed at the child -in her arms and wished that he could soon be a man to fight with sword -in hand for her and her rights. Thus they were living in apparent -security at the castle in Rennes, but really in continual fear of -approaching dangers. The times were troublous, and the world was full of -disquiet, but Arthur passed his days pleasantly, in an atmosphere of -love. Life was all smiles for him. Under Bertha's care and Hoel's -devotion he became both gentle and courageous, and as he grew stronger -nothing delighted him more than rivalry with Alan in all knightly -practices. The latter, older and stronger, was not only attached to the -young Duke by friendship, but by duty and devotion, and thus became both -his companion and protector. They were inseparable, and shared -everything in common. They roamed the woods and fields together with all -the joyous enthusiasm of youth, but their greatest longing was to -perform heroic feats. They were much more delighted to listen to Hoel as -he told them of his adventures and exploits at arms than to the -chaplain, who was their instructor. With rapt attention they heard the -story of how Hoel and Duke Geoffrey rode together to Normandy and other -provinces, overcame the haughty barons, stormed their strong castles, -and sent them to England to pay fresh homage to the King. Arthur longed -to be such a hero, and his dearest wish was to assist his mother in the -restoration of the ancient authority. Combining boldness and gentleness, -he was specially fitted to rule, and it was his greatest pride that he -was entitled to the position of ruler by birth. - -Arthur was in his tenth year when the report reached them that King -Henry's sons, incited by Eleanor, had conspired to prevent his return -from Scotland. Unexpectedly, however, he suddenly appeared in England -and frustrated their plot. The news disquieted Constance so greatly that -she sent Hoel for information. He had been absent several days, and his -return was now eagerly awaited. - -One evening the Duchess was looking from her window, which commanded an -extended view of the city and its vicinity. Fatigued with riding and -hunting, Arthur had sought his mother, and was resting his head upon her -shoulder. She turned to him and stroked his heated brow. Bertha and Alan -were also present, and the room was very quiet. Suddenly Bertha stepped -to the window and exclaimed, "There comes my husband with a stranger." -The two rapidly drew near, and dismounted in the castle-yard, whence, -seeing the ladies at the window, Hoel came to their apartment. Bertha -and the boys met him in the anteroom, at the door of which stood the -Duchess. "What news do you bring?" she asked. - -"Bad news," replied Hoel. "King Henry is dead."[8] - -The Duchess silently motioned to the knight to enter, and seated -herself. After Bertha had taken the boys away, Hoel began: "The King -died of a broken heart, so the people say. He could not endure the -thought that the Queen had plotted his overthrow." - -"Horrible!--and the Princes?" - -"Richard threw himself at his father's feet and begged forgiveness. -Prince John, on the other hand, hypocritically sought to clear himself -of guilt. But the King knew only too well. 'All three sons,'[9] he -groaned, and fell unconscious." - -Constance started, and Hoel was silent. Yes, the third one was Geoffrey. - -"And did he die at once? Did he leave no instructions concerning the -kingdom? Had he no thought for Geoffrey's son?" asked the Duchess. - -"They say he longed for his grandson and mourned because he had not been -able to see him. He drew up his will and placed it in the keeping of the -Lord High Chancellor. Then he turned his thoughts to divine things, took -the sacrament, and passed away." - -Constance was silent for some time, then asked, "And does any one know -the contents of the will?" - -"It is sealed up in the royal exchequer and can be opened only in case -the Prince--no, King Richard--shall die childless. Only the confidential -witnesses know its contents," said Hoel. - -"_King_ Richard!" replied Constance. "God be thanked it is Richard who -has come to the throne. He is noble and high-minded, and will protect -us." - -"God grant it! Would that he could soon come to France and restore -order." - -"Whence came the rider who brought the news?" - -"From Rouen. English vessels have landed there, and brought Norman -knights who were in the Scottish campaign. They will guard the country -until he can come himself and take possession." - -"As soon as King Richard comes to Rouen, we will seek him there." - -"Meanwhile," said Hoel, "I will make ample preparations to insure your -safety." - -"Is it not shameful," said Constance indignantly, "that the Duchess of -Brittany should be insecure in her own country?" - -Hoel was awaited in the hall by the two boys, who plied him with -questions. The death of King Henry made a deep impression upon Arthur, -who already realized that his fate had rested in his grandfather's -hands. For the first time also he realized the insecurity of human -greatness, and when suddenly the bells tolled in the city's church -towers, and the castle chapel bell added its solemn peals, he was -greatly overcome, and held fast to Alan's hand. - - - - - Chapter VII - The Journey - - -It was a beautiful summer morning, and the hills and valleys of Brittany -were flooded with sunlight. All Nature seemed exultant, and all living -things were sharing her transports. The beauty of the fields and green -woods concealed alike all traces of the last winter's storms and the -ravages so often occasioned by men when they sow the earth with fire and -blood. - -As if still more to enhance the beauty of the scene, a cavalcade was -seen approaching from the adjacent wooded heights. The riders followed -the winding road, now in groups, now singly, and sometimes were entirely -hidden from view. Clear, ringing voices, joyous laughter, and now and -then deep manly voices mingled with the neighing of horses. The -travellers were the Duchess of Brittany, her son, and attendants. The -seneschal rode in advance with two heralds, followed by Constance in a -riding-habit of green silk, mounted upon a beautiful palfrey. Hoel rode -by her side, his fiery bay taking the lead whenever the road narrowed, -to make room for the Duchess's horse. Then came Duke Arthur and Alan on -prancing black steeds. Arthur sat jauntily yet securely in his saddle, -his slight figure being a trifling burden for the noble animal, which -seemed to take pride in carrying him. He looked boyish yet -distinguished. His unusual beauty was a sufficient mark of his high -birth even if his costume had not proclaimed it. He wore a cloak of -brown silk embroidered with gold, and over it a short, dark satin mantle -tipped with ermine. From his cap waved a heron plume, fastened with -jewels. He was a figure of beauty as he rode through the charming world -about him, engaged in earnest talk with Alan. Behind the youths followed -the squires and troopers, next the Duchess's ladies, and in the rear the -servants with the sumpter horses. It was an imposing though not a -warlike train. - -Their destination was Rouen, where King Richard had arrived, not, as -Constance had hoped, to settle her affairs, but to consult with Philip -Augustus about the Crusade.[10] It was all the more urgent, therefore, -for the Duchess to seek an interview with him and ascertain his plans -before he entered upon such a long and dangerous journey. The King had -been notified of her visit and had arranged for her safe passage through -Normandy, whose frontier she was now approaching. As they emerged from -the woods Hoel heard a cry and the sound of a struggle in a thicket -close at hand, and ordered a halt. Before he began an investigation, the -disturbers of the peace appeared. Two men were dragging another along, -answering his appeals with blows and abusive epithets. The victim was an -old man, and the sight aroused Arthur's indignation. He rode up at once, -and ordered the men to give an account of their conduct, and in the -meantime to release the old man. The latter fell upon his knees and -looked up to Arthur with tearful eyes. Hoel and Alan came forward and -heard the indignant protest of the two men. They declared they were -bailiffs in the service of the King of France. "This man," they said, -pointing to the kneeling victim, "is a Jew. The last day of grace King -Philip allowed the Jews has expired." - -"Is this true?" asked Arthur. - -The old man looked up and said: "Listen, most gracious Prince, for, -although I know you not, I can see the reflection of the crown upon your -brow. Yes, it is true. The great King Philip Augustus, although he has -long allowed our race to live in his kingdom, has now set his face -against us. He has said, 'Take the staff and leave the country; any one -of you found in France after the day which I set shall die.' The King's -servants have hounded us. They have plundered our homes; they have -driven off our poor and wretched people. I was on my way to Holland, -where our people have freedom to live, but I was so overcome by grief -and hunger that I had to stay in the city until to-day--and now they -have caught me." - -"It looks bad for you, Jew," said Hoel, shrugging his shoulders. - -The bailiffs were again about to seize their prisoner, but Arthur cried: -"Stop! Let him go free. It is my wish that he shall accompany us." - -"We are the King's servants," demurred the bailiffs, "and must obey his -orders." - -"I am in command here, not King Philip," said Arthur boldly and proudly. -"I am the Duke of Brittany. Take yourselves off, or my men shall bind -you." - -The bailiffs, astonished at the delicate boy, who spoke with such -dignity, lost no time in getting away. - -The Jew, when he realized that he was free, bowed to the earth before -Arthur and kissed his feet. The old man was so tattered, befouled, and -ill-favored that Arthur had some scruples about addressing him, but at -last he said, "If I protect you as far as Rouen will you then take ship -to Holland?" - -The old man consented, saying, "God will help me on." - -Arthur gave him one of the packhorses, whose load was distributed among -the other animals, and ordered the servants to let him ride with them. -More quickly than might have been expected of one so weak, the Jew swung -himself into the saddle and joined the little band, which once more -resumed its march. - -Constance took no part in the occurrence, and when Arthur rode up and -entreated her approval of his act she said to him with some anxiety, -"When the bailiffs complain to Philip he may be angry with you, my son." - -Arthur became thoughtful as Hoel added, "The life of this Jew is of -little consequence to Philip, for whatever he has of value the King will -be sure to get." - -"How is that?" asked Arthur. - -"The dispersal of the Jews was ordered to please the Pope," said Hoel, -"and out of their wealth King Philip will raise the means for arming the -Crusaders." - -"That is not kingly," said Arthur indignantly. - -"All the same they are Jews, and their treasures will be taken for the -King's service. How can it harm them anyway? They exude gold as these -pines do pitch." - -Arthur reflected upon Hoel's words with considerable surprise and almost -regretted his display of sympathy. But when he looked back and saw the -bent figure of the Jew following the others, who shunned him, he thought -to himself, "Still, I could not let him perish." - -That evening the Duchess and her most distinguished companions stopped -at one of the stately abbeys of that region, and Arthur arranged that -the Jew should spend the night with the servants who looked after the -horses outside. They had soon become accustomed to their silent -fellow-traveller, who served them for a laughing-stock. - -After the fourth day the travellers at last approached their -destination. They met crowds along the country road--haughty knights, -warriors, and pilgrims intending to take part in the expedition to -Palestine, besides ecclesiastics and monks, traders and shopkeepers. It -was a good-natured crowd, but it often obstructed our travellers, and at -times they were separated from each other. Arthur and Alan were -frequently delayed by a group going in the opposite direction; then, -laughing and shouting, they rejoined their party. But toward evening -Hoel decided to ride faster, so that they might reach the city before -the gates closed. The party got more closely together, and Hoel rode -along the line, urging on both people and horses. While thus engaged he -discovered that the Jew was no longer with them, and that the horse he -had been riding was quietly following the others. Hoel caught it by the -bridle and looked about him to see if he were not mistaken. As he was -doing so he noticed a piece of paper tied to the saddle, with a ring -attached to it. He untied it and hastened to the Duke. - -"Your ward has flown," began Hoel. - -"So? Then he is both false and ungrateful," said the Duke, in some -confusion. - -"Not this time," replied Hoel. "He has left the horse and this--see -here." He handed his find to Arthur, who took the ring from the paper -with much surprise. Upon the billet was written in Latin: - -"To the Duke of Brittany, in gratitude for saving his life.--Abraham of -Paris." - -The ring was a heavy gold one with a magnificent emerald set in it. -Arthur twirled it about, delighted with its brilliancy, then put it on -his finger and placed the paper in his cloak. - -"Abraham of Paris," repeated the Duchess thoughtfully. "I well remember -that name. He is called the richest of the Paris Jews. The King often -bade him come to the court, and purchased jewels of him, and when he -needed money Abraham furnished it; but I wish nothing to be said about -our meeting him." - - - - - Chapter VIII - King Richard in Rouen - - -After brief delay at the gate, the travellers were admitted and escorted -to the place selected for them. As Constance was anxious to meet the -King at once, she sent word to the seneschal and followed him to the -castle, accompanied by Arthur, Hoel, and Alan. A marshal met them near -the entrance and called a servant to aid them in dismounting. There was -in the courtyard such a crowd of knights, pages, and court people of -various ranks that they made slow progress. Arthur paid little attention -to the brilliant rooms through which they passed or to the persons who -occupied them. His thoughts were fixed upon one object--to see Richard, -his uncle. - -The marshal bade Hoel and Alan wait in the great hall, where two -halberdiers kept guard, and then beckoned to a page and ordered him to -wait upon the Duchess. The page disappeared behind a door, which he -almost immediately reopened. Stepping back into an anteroom, he left the -guests free to enter. With rapidly beating heart Arthur crossed the -threshold, following his mother, and found himself in a spacious -apartment, at the upper end of which King Richard rose from a carven -arm-chair and advanced to meet the Duchess.[11] Arthur almost cried out -when he saw the figure of the King before him, just as he had always -imagined him to look, only more stately. The grandeur about him affected -him but little, for his gaze was riveted upon the face of the King, -which revealed dignity joined with strength and goodness, and upon those -eyes which beamed so mildly upon his friends and flashed so terribly -upon his enemies. - -He greeted the Duchess cordially, took her hand, and said: "It is long, -dear sister-in-law, since we met, and we have passed through great -sorrows. But you have had one consolation," he added, placing his hand -upon Arthur's shoulder. Arthur took the King's other hand and kissed it. -King Richard invited his guests to be seated and took his place between -them. Then he looked at Arthur again, murmuring to himself, "Geoffrey! -Geoffrey!" Tears filled the Duchess's eyes as Richard continued: "We -loved each other dearly. Geoffrey was less impulsive, and restrained me -from committing many a rash act, but he stood by me to the last. Do you -know, Lady Constance, when I was engaged in that unfortunate revolt -against my father, how I came to you alone in the darkness of night, -pursued by his soldiers? They demanded me as their prisoner, but -Geoffrey would not surrender me, and we beat our assailants back from -the walls. Geoffrey surely saved his brother, but in doing so he was in -rebellion against his father." - -During this conversation Arthur was lost in contemplation of his uncle. -Even without armor Richard was the ideal of a hero. He was the -incomparable knight who in every tournament dashed horse and rider into -the dust; for whom no foe was too strong, no fortress too secure, and -who, after his victories, sang in competition with the troubadours. - -A smile lit up Richard's face as he noticed the boy's rapt gaze, and, -turning suddenly, he asked, "What are you thinking about, Arthur?" - -"I was thinking," replied Arthur with a start--"oh, I was thinking that -my father could not help standing by you. As brother and as knight he -could not have done otherwise." - -"And yet," said Richard, looking at the red cross fastened upon his left -shoulder, "the Church now demands that I shall go to the Holy Land and -make expiation for my resistance to my father's authority. I have -promised to go, and shall keep my word, though it is hard to leave my -kingdom, which is not yet quieted. Oh, Arthur, if you were only a man -and could fight by my side! There is glory still to be acquired in the -morning-land for him who is victor under the banner of Godfrey of -Bouillon,[12] and the celestial crown of the martyr for him who falls." - -Greatly excited by Richard's words, Arthur fell upon his knees, -exclaiming, "I will go with you, my uncle and my king: I will be your -page, your servant!" - -Constance stretched out her hand as if to restrain him, but Richard said -with a quiet smile: "No, Arthur; wait until you have come to a man's -strength. There will be great deeds for you to perform later." - -Arthur and the Duchess rose to take leave of the King, who embraced her, -saying: "As you may be in need of rest, I will not detain you longer, -but I will receive you again to-morrow as my guest." - -The King struck a shield hanging upon the wall, whereupon two pages and -the marshal entered, and under their respectful escort the Duchess and -Duke left the castle after they had been rejoined by Hoel and Alan. - - - - - Chapter IX - The Banquet - - -On the following day Arthur saw Richard in the midst of his brilliant -and warlike retinue. The Duchess sat at the table next to the King, with -Arthur by her side. Famous men, knights, statesmen, and ecclesiastics -had seats below the Duke, who was quite elated because his rank placed -him next the King. Their greetings reminded him that he must prove -himself worthy of them by his own merit and heroic deeds, and a new -world was revealed to him as he listened to the words of these men of -wide experience, though he but half understood them. Many a one noticed -the enthusiasm of the boy, and his high-bred mien, and was charmed by -him. When King Richard raised his glass to drink the health of his -sister-in-law, the Duchess Constance, the guests joyously responded, and -added, "Long live Duke Arthur of Brittany!" - -Greatly excited, Arthur rose to thank them, and, turning to Richard, -exclaimed, "I will prove myself, my royal uncle, worthy of the honor -paid me by these brave men." - -His admirers gathered about him enthusiastically, spoke of his great and -brilliant future, and praised him as a true scion of the Plantagenets. - -"Did you hear, Alan?" he said to his devoted friend, when at last they -were alone in their room; "I am destined to achieve fame and greatness. -I shall no longer be content to lead a quiet, unknown life." - -All who came to know the Prince held him in the highest esteem, and were -surprised that so noble a youth had developed in comparative obscurity. -Many thought that King Richard might be childless, and that he was going -to a distant war which would be full of danger. In that case the next -heir to the English throne was Arthur. - -Hardly a word passed about Constance's affairs and Hoel's solicitude. -Richard referred her to King Philip as soon as he should arrive; and -when Constance, greatly embarrassed, asked, "Are you angry because we -accepted his protection in a time of need?" Richard replied, "I do not -blame you; you had to have him for a friend, for England left you in the -lurch. My mother--" Here the King broke off abruptly, and then closed by -saying, "I think everything will be arranged by Philip. Arthur, of -course, will keep Geoffrey's possessions, not only because of respect -for the dead, but also for our love of his son." - -After a week, which to Arthur passed like a pleasant hour, King Philip -arrived in Rouen. His principal counsellors and several high -ecclesiastics were in his retinue, but not so many soldiers as in that -of Richard. - -Arthur was present at the first meeting of the two sovereigns, and -Philip's searching glance discovered him even before Richard introduced -them. At the words, "My cousin and ward," Philip stooped and kissed his -forehead. When Arthur, greatly moved by his cordiality of manner, -greeted him as the protector of his childhood, Philip's serious face was -illuminated with a gracious smile, revealing the favorable impression -the Duke had made upon him. He had always sought the control of the Duke -of Brittany to hold England in check, but now he so unexpectedly found -Arthur such an engaging personality that he determined not to lose sight -of him. He called upon Constance and renewed his assurances of -friendship. When she expressed some anxiety lest, in the absence of the -two kings, she might be troubled by Eleanor, who was to remain in -England as regent, Philip invited her to go to his court. "You and your -son," he said, "shall be under my feudal protection; and should you have -any fear for your personal safety, you can be sure of an honorable -reception in Paris." - -Constance expressed her thanks in Richard's presence, hoping he would -make a still closer claim to Arthur; but the Crusade monopolized all his -thoughts. He had already recognized Brittany as the hereditary fief -which would belong to Arthur when he came of age, and with this -assurance Constance had to be content. - -The departure of King Richard well-nigh broke Arthur's heart, and -Richard embraced him with deep emotion. Philip admonished them again to -go to Paris whenever it seemed best. - -"That will yet happen," said Hoel to Alan on their way back. "Philip -well knows that fate will force Arthur into his arms. Had Richard -thought more of the future, we should not have been going home thus." - - - - - Chapter X - The Return to Rennes - - -The friendly reception which the young Duke everywhere met as he -reëntered Brittany made the home-coming very dear to him. The situation -had changed, as he now realized, and the people had great expectations -of his future. When he came to the gates of cities, the people went out -to meet him with welcomes and good wishes. Arthur showed interest and -kindness for all, and the Duchess gave him precedence everywhere and -rejoiced at the enthusiasm manifested for him, both by high and by low. - -Upon their arrival at Rennes they received sad news. Bertha was no more. -She had died after a brief illness. It was the first real sorrow in -Arthur's life, and his grief was hardly less than that of Hoel and Alan, -who felt as if their happiness were forever lost. It separated Arthur's -present life from his past life, and served to concentrate his thoughts -upon the future. All the news from the great world, into which he had -had a brief glance, now became of interest to him, especially everything -concerning the Crusade. As time passed, wandering pilgrims and minstrels -came and told of events in the morning-land,--of Richard's exploits -before Acre and Ascalon,[13] and of his heroic conduct in times of -danger, which had won for him the name of "Lion-hearted." Then news -ceased to come for a long time; but suddenly the report spread that -Philip Augustus had returned to France with only a remnant of his army. -It seemed incredible at first, but they soon found that it was true, for -the Duchess received a letter from Paris in which Philip urgently -requested her to come there with Arthur. She hesitated, however, for her -safety in Brittany was not imperilled. The King's letter surprised them -all, particularly Arthur, who had a presentiment that it foreshadowed a -turning-point in his life. - -One evening a pilgrim appeared at the castle gate and desired to speak -with the Duke. The latter had just returned from the chase and was -standing in the anteroom as the stranger entered. - -"Rest yourself, holy man," said Arthur, "and then tell me your errand." - -"Allow me to speak with you in private," replied the pilgrim. After -Arthur had dismissed those standing about, the pilgrim whispered a few -words to him. - -Hardly had he done so before Arthur made a loud outcry, and rushed into -the terrified Duchess's apartment, exclaiming, "Richard is a prisoner!" -As he knew nothing more about it, the Duchess, after summoning Hoel, had -the pilgrim brought to her, and asked him for the particulars. As soon -as the latter removed his palmer's hat, Hoel recognized him as Count -Guntram, one of the Crusaders in Richard's army. After the first -greetings he told, at Arthur's request, the story of the events which -led to the abandonment of Palestine. Forsaken by his allies, whom he had -alienated by his haughtiness of manner, Richard realized when it was too -late that he could not rescue Jerusalem with his army alone. He withdrew -reluctantly from the Holy City, and decided to return. His vessel was -separated from the others and wrecked upon the Italian coast. Too -impatient to wait for the rest of the fleet, he undertook to retreat -with a few companions. As they had to traverse a hostile country, they -adopted the garb of pilgrims, but they could not elude the sharp -scrutiny of spies. Richard fell into the hands of the Duke of Austria, -whom he had greatly offended during the Crusade, and the Duke consigned -his distinguished prisoner to Henry the Sixth, Emperor of Germany.[14] -His fugitive companions were making their way to their homes. - -Arthur, completely absorbed in Richard's fate, contemplated plans for -his deliverance, and had no doubt that all the princes would unite with -him to rescue the prisoner. Guntram, however, gloomily shook his head, -and said: "Richard is imprisoned in the strong castle of Trifels[15] on -the Rhine, and there he will remain until he is released for a heavy -ransom. Think rather about yourself and your own affairs, noble Prince. -Your Uncle John, hoping that Richard will never return, is preparing to -attack Brittany and get you into his power as soon as possible. Make -your escape at once, lest all the noble scions of the house of -Plantagenet fall, and John remain, to the misfortune of the world." - -Knight Guntram frequently repeated his warning before he left the -Duchess's court, and the impression it made upon his hearers was soon -strengthened by indications of its truth. - -The country gradually began to grow restless and excited. The -coast-dwellers removed into the interior, for English vessels had been -seen, and they feared a landing. A letter also was received from Queen -Eleanor, in which the Duchess was warned not to make any claims upon -England for her son's rights, as they would not be recognized. In the -event of Richard's death, John, who was now sharing the sovereignty with -Eleanor, would certainly succeed to the throne. - -In view of the manifest danger to the Duke's rights it was decided that -they must seek the protection and help of Philip Augustus. Accompanied -by their nearest and most devoted attendants, Duchess Constance and -Arthur once more set out, this time upon an eventful journey. Mourning -over the fate of their country and their own fate as well, they left -their beloved Brittany. Hardly had they crossed the frontier when John's -troops poured into the country, beat back the mercenaries of Philip -Augustus, and placed his banner above the gates of the city. The people -mournfully submitted to his yoke, hoping in their secret hearts for the -return of their legitimate ruler. - - - - - Chapter XI - With King Philip Augustus - - -Constance and Arthur were received at the court of Philip Augustus in -Paris not after the manner of fugitives. The King gave them royal -recognition, and his spouse, the gracious Agnes of Meran, greeted them -most cordially. Philip evinced a peculiarly friendly interest in Arthur; -but he met his urgent request for assistance with a quiet smile, saying, -"I shall do all in my power to help you to retain your possessions and -all your rights. In the meantime, as there is a quarrel to be settled -between me and the Count of Flanders, will you go with me and win your -spurs on my side?" - -The King looked sharply at Arthur, who, thirsting for action, acceded to -his proposal notwithstanding the Duchess's disapproval. She was obliged -to consent in the end, however, for Hoel and Alan, who found idle court -life intolerable, gladly agreed to go also, and were eager to -participate in the affair. - -Arthur was to be admitted to knighthood at once, and chose Alan for his -brother-in-arms. During the night which preceded the important ceremony, -the youths kept knightly vigil to uplift their souls in prayer. They -were escorted by Hoel and some of the leading knights to the castle -chapel, where they were left alone, after an impressive parting. The -barred doors shut them out from the world, and they knelt a long time -before the altar, engaged in their devotions. These concluded, they -arose, and with drawn swords made a circuit of the chapel walls, pausing -at times before the memorials of distinguished princes, whose statues -seemed almost ghostly in the uncertain flickerings of the ever-burning -lamps. The banners fastened to the columns, which reached to the dome, -fluttered, and the trophies gave out a hollow sound as the youths passed -them. At last they reached the altar again, and almost involuntarily -Arthur began to express his deep emotions. He thought of the cruel fate -which had snatched his father from him, and of the sorrowful burden -which had overwhelmed his mother. With a firm voice he pictured the -future for which he longed so ardently and hopefully. He would earn -distinction and fame under Philip's leadership, and all brave heroes -would gladly help him in his struggle for his rights. Then, when Richard -had returned to the throne of England, and he had earned Philip's -good-will, how successfully his life would unfold! "And you, Alan, my -brother-in-arms," he said, turning to him, "shall always be nearest my -side, however high a station I may reach." - -Glowing with youthful enthusiasm, Alan knelt before Arthur and lowered -his sword with the utmost reverence, for he believed in Arthur with all -his soul. Joyfully the latter exclaimed: "Oh, that a sign might be given -to reveal my future!" - -At that instant the moon broke through the clouds and illuminated the -lofty stained glass windows. In the sudden crimson glow Arthur and Alan -looked as if they were sprinkled with blood. Their faces, hair, and -shoulders were tinted a deep red. They gazed upon one another with -astonishment, but the red glow soon disappeared, and they were once more -in the semi-darkness. Though the effect, which was caused by the light -passing through the ruby-red panes, was easily explainable, yet they -were deeply impressed by it. They spoke no more, but stood motionless by -the altar, awaiting the coming of day. - -The morning light had hardly broken when the doors of the chapel were -opened and a band of knights came to greet their new brothers. Hoel -embraced them and smiled at Arthur's disturbed countenance; but when he -saw that Alan too was pale and agitated, he became serious. There was no -time to question them, for a multitude quickly poured into the chapel. -The entire court was soon assembled. The ecclesiastics gathered about -the altar, and at last the King entered with the Queen and the Duchess -Constance. At the close of the religious service Philip entered the -chancel and bade Arthur kneel. Touching his shoulder with his sword, he -dubbed him knight and received his vows. When Alan had likewise been -admitted to knighthood, their golden spurs were given them, and shouting -"Saint Denis!" and "Saint George!" the knights embraced their new -comrades. All present joined in congratulation, and Hoel had to tear -them away almost by force, so that they might have rest and refreshment -and be in readiness for the afternoon's tournament. When the time came, -they were assisted in putting on their armor by knights, but Arthur kept -his sash in his hand so that his mother might bind it about him. The -gloomy night was forgotten, and as he passed along the spacious -corridors of the Louvre[16] every one he met stopped to admire his -youthful beauty and to make smiling return for his friendly greeting. - -As he approached the Duchess's apartment he heard delightful strains of -music, and hesitated about entering; for Constance, since the great -sorrow had come into her life, seldom touched the harp. At last, -however, he softly opened the door and glanced into the large room. The -Duchess was reclining upon a couch, her head resting upon her hand, and -her pale face bedewed with tears. A young lady, who was playing the -harp, sat near her on a tabouret. She ceased as Arthur quickly advanced -and bowed low to the two ladies. The younger rose in surprise and looked -inquiringly at the Duchess, who took her hand and, turning to Arthur, -said, "You must know, my son, who has played so beautifully for my -consolation. This is the Princess Marie of France,[17] whom Philip has -brought from the cloisters to-day. Though it is our first meeting, she -well knows my sorrow." - -"Noble lady," said Marie gently, "I too have known sorrow. My mother is -dead." - -"May the blessing of Heaven comfort you, gracious lady, and bring its -peace to a heart which knows so well how to comfort others," exclaimed -Arthur. "I shall go to the field contentedly, for I know that an angel -will be at my mother's side." - -Trumpet peals from the courtyard summoned to the tournament. The clank -of armor was heard in the anteroom, and knights were in waiting to act -as Arthur's escort. - -"It is my first venture with arms, dear mother. Give me your blessing, I -beseech you," implored Arthur; "and you, Princess, shall tie on my sash -as a surety of good fortune in the contest." - -Marie directed a questioning glance at the Duchess, and when she smiled -in return, threw the scarf over Arthur's shoulder and fastened it. After -a word of thanks, Arthur hastened to his waiting associates, and the -ladies betook themselves to the Queen, whose guests they were to be at -the tournament. - -The field was encircled with a dense throng of persons of all ranks. The -spectators watched Arthur eagerly as he rode in, followed by Alan and -four knights, who drew up in line. Their adversaries confronted them in -similar line. At a signal from the King the knights rushed at each -other. Hoel smilingly watched his _protégés_, who distinguished -themselves by their daring and dexterity. At the first onset Arthur -parried the thrust of his enemy, and at the second advanced from the -other side with such fury that his opponent was taken off his guard and -was dismounted. Arthur was declared victor. The same good fortune -attended him in the remaining contests, and at the close he received a -wreath from the Queen's own hands as his prize. Never was handsomer -knight seen than Arthur, as with visor raised he lifted his crowned head -and saluted the princesses. At the court banquet he was assigned a place -between his mother and the Princess Marie, and his heart swelled with -joy and pride. - -The time for the departure of the expedition drew nigh, and Arthur spent -his leisure moments in the company of the Duchess and her young friend. -On the last evening the King visited them, and after a brief -conversation turned to the Duke. "Take a long farewell," said he. "Guard -yourself in battle, for your reward will be Marie's hand." - -Arthur and the Princess stood speechless with surprise for some time, -but the silence was at last broken by the Duchess: "Yes, Arthur, it is -the King's will to give Marie to you as wife, and to me as daughter, -some day, when our lot is a happier one." - -"For that I hope, with God's help," answered the King. - - - - - Chapter XII - In the Field - - -Arthur was in the field several months with Philip, and though he had to -endure all that powerful warrior's severe discipline, he fought for him -as valiantly as he would have done for himself. All this time the enemy -remained unsubdued; but at last the King, having cut off all probable -chance of escape, looked for a decisive result. The day for the attack -was fixed, and everything was made ready. On the evening before the -battle, after issuing his orders, the King retired to his tent to read -some letters which a messenger had brought from Paris. The chancellor -urgently entreated him to return, for disorder was spreading, and the -finances were in such desperate condition that he could procure no more -money. - -"Ha!" said the King to himself, "how shall we meet the needs of the -Empire? There is but one way. The Jews must empty their pockets. The ban -shall be raised. We expelled them to please the Pope, who is now -secretly plotting with my enemies against me and annoying me in every -way." The King called for his secretary, but instead of that official a -knight suddenly entered the tent. Recognizing Arthur, he waited for him -to speak. - -"Oh, my King," said Arthur excitedly, "I have had news from my uncle." - -Philip frowned and asked, "What does John want now?" - -"My news is not from John; I am speaking of Richard. He is free. He is -no longer a prisoner in the castle of Trifels." - -"How," interrupted the King, "has the ransom been furnished?" - -"He is free," repeated Arthur; "a deserter from the Netherlands brought -the tidings. Richard has embarked on the Holland coast. They recognized -him, though he went there in disguise." - -"Alone!" said the astonished King. "Oh, the Lion-hearted!" - -"Without doubt he has crossed to England," continued Arthur excitedly, -"and now it is time my King, for me to hasten to his assistance." - -"Thoughtless youth!" broke in Philip, "would you forsake me before the -end of the campaign and ingloriously leave before we know whether -Richard has actually reached his fatherland?" - -Arthur grew thoughtful, and retired to consult Hoel and Alan. The latter -was eager to go, for he was not enthusiastic in his devotion to Philip; -he would rather have fought for Richard. But Hoel twirled his gray -mustache and shook his head. He feared Richard's rash and unstable -disposition, and knew that he could not be relied upon. "Philip is right -in this matter," he said. "Let us first dispose of this Fleming; after -that it will be time to think of the other matter." - -The battle was fought the next day, and resulted in the defeat of the -Count of Flanders after a stout resistance. The King himself led his -warriors, sword in hand, in an attack upon the enemy, who were seeking -to hold a bridge. His battle-cry, "Montjoie St. Denis!"[18] spread panic -in the ranks of his foes, and "Plantagenet!" "Plantagenet!" resounded -where Arthur and his knights were fighting. - -The victory was won. The enemy were driven over the bridge, and threw -away their arms. The King warmly congratulated Arthur upon his bravery, -but did not grant his request for leave of absence. Arthur reluctantly -submitted rather than make his appearance before Richard as a fugitive -without knights or warriors. - -In the meantime Richard reached England; and as soon as he had announced -his presence to his friends he ascended the throne amid popular -rejoicings, John yielding his claim with seeming willingness. About the -same time Philip returned to Paris; Arthur accompanied him, and was so -delighted to see his mother and bride once more that he forgot his -longing to go to Richard. - -Banquets and tournaments were arranged by the court, and Arthur, because -of his bravery, was the central figure among all the youthful heroes. So -continuous were the feasts and sports that he hardly had time for -thought. - -One morning Alan, equipped and spurred as for a long ride, came to -Arthur's bedside and woke him, saying, "Richard is in France." - -"Let us hasten to him, then," said Arthur, springing up. - -"You had better not go. It will only occasion needless delay. Let me go -to your uncle," implored Alan. "I can reach him quickly. He is about to -attack the Duke of Limoges, and is camped with his little army before -the fortress of Chalus. I will tell him all, and if he calls you, you -need no longer hesitate. Let me go, my Prince, and keep my mission a -secret from the court. They are playing false with you, one and all." - -Alan rushed out, and Arthur looked after him in surprise. Only Hoel knew -of his son's undertaking, and he gave out that he had sent him away. -Philip, who was well apprised of what was going on, kept quiet, and only -sought to attach Arthur to him still more closely. - -When the entertainment came to an end, Philip left the Louvre to hold -court at Compiègne[19] during the beautiful springtime. How delightful -it was to roam about that great forest! Every day the Princess rode on -her white palfrey, with her falcon attached to her slender wrist, Duke -Arthur riding by her side upon his fiery Arab steed, which had been -given him by the King. A band of companions and servants on foot and on -horse followed them, and the hills and woods resounded with the baying -of hounds and the halloos of hunters. A mystic charm seemed to pervade -the greenwood, which protected them from all contact with the outside -world and made life a happy dream. The Duchess herself seemed to forget -her grief and the insecurity of her affairs, and the King encouraged all -these joyous sports without participating in them. - -But suddenly these happy revellers were recalled to the realities of -life by a fearful occurrence. King Richard the Lion-hearted was dead -before Chalus--killed by an arrow. Arthur could not believe the dreadful -news until Alan, pale and exhausted by his hard ride, arrived and -confirmed it. He came from the spot, was with the King when he received -his death wound, and brought his last message of continued faith in -Arthur's loyalty and uprightness, and his wish that he could once more -see his nephew. But, alas, it was too late now! The great Lion-hearted -was gone, and John mounted the vacant throne. - -"Never, so long as I live, will I relinquish my paternal inheritance," -exclaimed Arthur. - - - - - Chapter XIII - War Preparations - - -In the excitement which King Richard's death produced in England, -Eleanor contrived to secure an appearance of justice in John's -sovereignty. A spurious will of Henry the Second's was opened by her, by -the provisions of which John was given the crown, regardless of the -legitimate claims of the son of Geoffrey, his oldest brother. By this -means Arthur was also cut off from the succession. The injustice was -clear enough; but John, with the aid of a strong following of the -nobles, whom he had secured by artifice and promises, kept possession of -power. The time was now come for Philip Augustus openly and without -delay to maintain Arthur's rights. Nothing less was at stake than the -title to the English crown. John was declared a throne-robber, and was -summoned as a feudal tenant before the French tribunal. In case of -disobedience war would be declared against him. John had already made -his plans to go to France at the head of an army, with the intention, as -far as he was able, of permanently wresting the English provinces from -the domination of France. He had not a doubt he could easily settle the -claims of Constance and Arthur and succeed in his purpose. Determined as -Philip Augustus may have been to defend Arthur's rights, somehow the war -preparations were delayed much longer than seemed safe to the Duke, who -could scarcely conceal his impatience. He resolved to challenge his -uncle to single combat, and reluctantly followed the advice of his -mother to act with caution. - -"Why does Philip hesitate?" he indignantly exclaimed. - -"I believe the King is waiting for money," replied Hoel. - -Arthur contemptuously shrugged his shoulders. - -"Alas!" sighed Constance, "how can our plans succeed? We are very poor." - -Arthur hastened to the Louvre, and although the chamberlain informed him -that the King was holding an important interview, he insisted upon -admission. Nothing could be more urgent than his own affairs. - -"It serves you right," the King was saying as the Duke was announced. -Philip was seated at a table covered with papers. By his side stood an -old man in a cringing attitude, who cast a hasty glance at Arthur as he -entered. - -"Welcome, cousin," said the King, with a smile. "You have come in time -to be a partner in our business arrangement." - -He beckoned to the old man, who submissively bowed his head. His spare -figure was clad in a dark cloak of heavy silk. A tall black velvet cap -covered his head and his long gray locks hung down his shoulders. His -attire proclaimed him a Jew, and when he began to speak his voice -awakened memories in Arthur's mind. - -"Your Majesty," said the Jew, "spare us this demand. Our coffers are -still empty because of the treasures you took from us not long ago, when -Your Grace allowed us to return to your kingdom." - -"You shall only lend to us this time," said the King. - -"Upon what security?" quickly asked the Jew. - -"Upon this security," said Arthur, turning toward him and displaying the -ring he wore on his finger. "Would you like to see the note also?" he -said with a smile. "Do you know how it reads?" - -The Jew hesitated an instant, then turned the ring to the light and -looked keenly at Arthur. Raising his head, he said with a certain -nobility of expression, "I know you. You are the Duke of Brittany." - -"Say rather, the King of England," added Philip. "Well, Arthur, let us -close up this business with Abraham, which has already fruitlessly -consumed an hour of our time. Listen, Abraham. We need thirty thousand -gold gulden to equip our troops, and a like sum in six months to pay -them." - -The King arose, and Abraham went to the door; but before leaving he -turned to Arthur and said in a low tone, "If you will come to my poor -abode this evening, most gracious Duke, you shall be satisfied." - - - - - Chapter XIV - In the House of the Jew - - -At nightfall Arthur and Alan, stoutly armed, proceeded to the Jewish -Quarter, which occupied a remote part of the city and was surrounded by -walls. Its only gate was open, and the two passed undisturbed through -the dark narrow streets, bordered with tall houses. The few windows were -barred with iron shutters, and wherever a door was open one might fancy -he was looking into an endless vault. Human figures appeared now and -then, timorously avoiding the gaze of the strangers, and looking after -them suspiciously from their lurking places. It was with some difficulty -that Alan induced an old woman to stop and tell them where Abraham -lived. - -Abraham's house was a large one, with tightly closed doors and windows. -At the sound of the knocker, a wicket was opened behind the iron grating -and a voice asked the strangers' business. Alan answered cautiously that -they were expected by Abraham. Thereupon followed a clanking of bars and -bolts; the heavy door was opened, and Abraham stood on the threshold, -bowing low, and saying: "Welcome, noble gentlemen! Enter!" - -It was not without some apprehension that the youths followed him -through a low, dimly lighted passageway. The air was close and heavy, -and no sound could be heard from without. At last their guide opened a -door, threw back a dark curtain, and bowed the strangers into an -apartment where they stood as transfixed with surprise as if they had -entered another world. They knew not whether they were in a garden or a -salon. High walls with many columns, balconies, and galleries enclosed a -spacious room which, open above, disclosed the sky. A splashing fountain -occupied the centre. All about flamed countless tapers upon metal -candelabra set in luxurious flower-beds. Groups of shrubs bearing rare -fruit sprang from the soil, which was covered with fine green turf and -colored stones set in a beautiful mosaic. Here and there were heavy -purple rugs upon which soft, gold-tasselled cushions were scattered -about. Festoons of flowers and rich draperies depended from the -galleries and columns. A banquet table set with glistening crystal and -silver plate stood upon an estrade. The youths seated themselves upon a -silk-covered settle with golden feet, and Abraham said with the utmost -reverence: - -"Be my guests, noble gentlemen, and count it no disgrace to eat with a -Jew, whom you, my gracious Duke, once rescued when he was near to -death." - -Abraham clapped his hands and two handsome, black-eyed boys came -forward, bringing the strangers perfumed water in silver bowls. Then -food and sweet, spicy wines were set before them. But all this was done -without noise and with soft, quick movements; for at meals the Jews were -always apprehensive and ever in readiness for flight. Abraham was the -first to speak. Turning to the Duke, he said: "The gold which King -Philip demanded I refused, for he has already had enough from us. Are -you sure indeed that if he had it, he would use it for your advantage, -Duke of Brittany?" - -Arthur replied that it was only the lack of money which kept him from -beginning the war. - -"And do you expect to gain the crown of England? Would you not be -fortunate even if Brittany were your own?" - -Arthur reddened and said, somewhat hesitatingly, "It is my right, my -inheritance." - -"Pardon me," continued Abraham. "You would grace a throne, and what I -can do shall be at your service. King Philip may have the gold, and I -hope it will be used for your advantage. But a younger prince needs many -things which he may not obtain from the King. Perhaps I may in some ways -realize your wishes also. Be pleased, gracious Duke, to follow me." - -Abraham led the astonished youths into a subterranean vault lit by a -lamp from above, unlocked a massive chest, and, lifting the heavy lid, -invited Arthur to come nearer. It was filled with golden ornaments and -jewels. Opening a second chest, which was filled with leathern bags, he -said: "Accept. Every bag contains a thousand gold pieces. Accept, noble -Duke." - -"No!" said Arthur, stepping back. "What you give Philip will suffice -me." - -"But Philip will have to give me security," said Abraham; "that is our -business." - -"And I can give you no security," replied Arthur. - -"You yourself are my security, Duke," said Abraham with great -earnestness. "When you shall come to the throne you will not forget the -children of Israel, and you will allow them a home in your dominions." - -"I promise that," said Arthur. "Once I have the power, I will be a just -ruler." - -"Take this as a souvenir of this hour," said the Jew, throwing a golden -chain around Arthur's neck. Then he turned to Alan and gave him a bag of -gold. "Equip a special troop of trusty, valiant men who will stand by -your Duke in every time of danger," said he. "I do not mean men like -you, for such hearts as yours cannot be bought with gold." - -"That is enough," said Alan as Abraham placed one bag after another in -Alan's cloak. "Thanks! thanks, Abraham! Farewell!" - -"God prosper you," said Abraham as he escorted them to the street. They -had some difficulty in getting out of the Quarter, as the gate was -closed, but when Alan announced their names to the captain of the watch, -it was opened at once. They hurried back to their dwelling and told -their experiences to Hoel, who advised them to let no one but Constance -know how they came by their treasure. - - - - - Chapter XV - Arthur's Departure - - -The recruiting of troops for the Duke of Brittany now made rapid -progress. Famous knights offered themselves and their followers for his -service. Many of the leaders in the Crusade, who had been forced to -discharge their followers, now assembled them anew under Hoel's standard -and accepted his earnest money, and Alan selected sixteen knights, the -flower of the young nobles, who devoted themselves to the exclusive -personal service of the Duke and received a princely sum for their -outfit. - -The court ladies also took an active part in the war preparations and -assembled daily in the Queen's apartments to work upon fine -embroideries. Arthur and his knights were provided with gorgeous banners -and sashes, and were often consulted about their decoration. - -"No, Marie," said Arthur, noticing her work, "place no king's crown -above my escutcheon; as a true Plantagenet, the broom flower is my only -emblem." - -"But you, not John, are the King," replied Marie. - -"I will decide that on the field," said Arthur. - -All his petty troubles vanished, Philip was now ready for the successful -prosecution of his plans. He decided that Arthur should go with a part -of the force to Anjou and establish himself there, and he himself would -follow later with the main army and completely shatter John's power. But -before he made any move, Philip resolved to attach Arthur yet more -closely to him by marrying him to the Princess Marie. The bridal pair, -as well as the Duchess, were greatly surprised by this decision, and -only the nearest intimates were bidden secretly to the nuptial ceremony. -At midnight, in the glare of torches, Arthur stood with his bride before -the altar, where he had lately been admitted to knighthood. Alan thought -of that night, and glanced at the window through which the red light had -streamed upon them. But no evil omen disturbed the blessing which the -priest invoked upon the union. The marriage was celebrated next day at -court, and at the same time the coming departure of the Duke was -announced. At last the moment was at hand when Arthur must leave all and -take the field to fight for the crown of his ancestors. - -Duchess Constance strove hard to remain calm as she bade Arthur -farewell, but her heart sank within her as she thought of the dangers he -must encounter. Gladly would she have restrained him from the -undertaking into which he had impetuously thrown himself. Holding him in -sorrowful embrace, she said with quivering voice: "Farewell, my son! My -only one! May the saints preserve you." The Princess Marie also embraced -him, sobbing: "Do not go, my husband! I shall never see you again." - -"Keep good courage, Marie. God is merciful." - -"But men are cruel. Oh, stay with me!" - -"Let me fight for my honor and my crown. You shall see me return -victorious." - -Arthur tore himself away and left them. A band of his knights awaited -him in the castle yard and Alan was holding his steed's bridle. Arthur -swung himself into the saddle and, with a glance and a wave of his hand -toward the balcony where Constance and Marie were standing, rode to the -head of his followers. With an exultant shout, "France for Plantagenet!" -and with banners waving and arms glistening, the Duke of Brittany led -the way to fight afar for his crown. - - - - - Chapter XVI - The War with John - - -Arthur advanced unmolested with his little force on the road to Anjou, -via Touraine, until he reached Tours. He expected to encounter the first -resistance there; and indeed a considerable armed band did meet him near -the city gate, but not with hostile design. They were knights of Anjou -and Poitou, who had deserted King John and come out of the city to -welcome Arthur. As soon as the Duke came in sight they loudly shouted, -"Hail, all hail, Arthur Plantagenet, King of England!" Both surprised -and delighted, Arthur entered the hospitable city. The people welcomed -him in the most friendly manner and escorted him to the bishop's palace, -where quarters had been provided for him and his leaders. A grand -banquet, given by the burghers in his honor, closed the day's -festivities. - -The next morning Hoel advised the Prince not to indulge too long in -entertainments, nor revel in fancied security, but to hold a serious -council of war at once. Arthur thereupon summoned his leading knights to -the great hall of the palace, where he also appeared, accompanied by the -bishop. As he ascended the steps to the throne seat and took his place, -he was truly regal in person and bearing. Though he wore a simple duke's -cap, he bore himself with as much dignity as if it were a kingly crown. -Looking around upon the assembly with an air of ease and -self-possession, he said: "Noble knights and gentlemen, thanks for your -readiness and goodwill in coming to my assistance against John, my -usurping uncle. I ask for your advice as to the most effective method of -attacking him. One hundred knights and their followers are here, and in -a few days a like number will be sent us from our loyal Brittany. But, -hardly three days' journey from here, John has thrice that number of -experienced troops. It would be useless to cope with such a powerful -force before King Philip's troops join us. That will be soon. If you -agree with me, we will await the King's arrival here." - -Arthur ceased, and the knights began making suggestions. Hoel, the most -experienced of them all, supported his proposal, but the knights of -Anjou and Poitou were not in favor of delay. In the midst of the general -indecision, one of the foremost of them, the Count of Aubigny, advanced -and said: "Duke, permit me to state my plan. Instead of idly awaiting -King Philip here, let us make an advance movement. Not far from here is -the small fortress of Mirabeau, where Queen Eleanor and her garrison are -shut in." - -"Eleanor!" muttered Arthur, with lowering brows and blazing eyes. - -"The city is poorly defended," continued the Count, "though it has for -its champion William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury. But we have captured -two letters from the Queen to John, in which she urgently implores him -to come to her relief, as they cannot hold the city in case of attack. -What is your decision, noble gentlemen? Shall we march to Mirabeau, -surprise the fortress, and take the Queen prisoner?" - -The hazardous proposition met with the approval of the majority, -notwithstanding Hoel's protests and Arthur's advice to wait a day or two -for news from King Philip. They were outvoted, and at last reluctantly -consented rather than subject themselves to the reproach of cowardice. - -A few days later, Arthur and his small force reached the walls of -Mirabeau. Hoel was assigned to the leadership of the assault, and strove -to conduct the undertaking, which he could not prevent, as judiciously -as possible. The city gates were forced open, and after a short struggle -the assailants advanced into the city. But a more difficult task awaited -them--the capture of the citadel in which Queen Eleanor and her -defenders were sheltered. Hoel vainly sought to mass his force and storm -the fortress. While Arthur and Alan advanced with their close-set column -of knights, the others were straggling about the city in quest of -plunder. As Hoel with his trusty band approached the citadel tower, he -was struck by a missile hurled from the roof. Hoel fell, and the rest -stood as if rooted to the spot. The English took advantage of the -occurrence to make a sally from the tower and threw the ranks of the -knights into dire confusion. Instead of regular battle a fearful -hand-to-hand encounter ensued; but Arthur had time enough when Hoel fell -to order the nearest knights to dismount and remove him from the scene -of the fighting. He then turned and commanded Alan to follow his father. - -"Never more," said Alan. "I must follow you as honor demands." - -There was no longer time for words. The advanced rank of the English was -already upon them, and the young heroes stood with drawn swords ready to -meet the onset. - -"Sound an alarm!" shouted Arthur to the trumpeters, hoping thereby to -summon the absent knights to their assistance. The call was in vain. Not -a friend appeared. But hark! In the distance another trumpet blast -answered his own. - -"What is that?" exclaimed Arthur. But Alan was as ignorant of its -meaning as himself. Suddenly a knight rode forward from the English -side--a stalwart figure on a black steed, motioned his followers to -halt, and pointing with his sword to Arthur, said: "Surrender, Duke of -Brittany. Resistance is useless. The trumpet you have heard announces -the approach of King John's army. Your confederates are defeated. You -are surrounded, and retreat is cut off." - -"Then I will fight for life and liberty like a true knight," replied -Arthur. "I will never surrender myself to John." He rushed upon the -knight, and Alan attacked another. Superior in skill and -self-confidence, Arthur's adversary acted upon the defensive until the -Duke's sword point touched his breastplate. Upon this the English knight -no longer restrained himself, but returned blow for blow and thrust for -thrust. During the encounter Arthur's horse stumbled and fell, carrying -his rider with him. He was on his feet in an instant, but the fastenings -of his helmet were broken in the fall and the Duke's head was -unprotected. The English knight did not take advantage of this, but -lowered his sword and said: "You have fought bravely and can do no more, -Duke of Brittany. Surrender." - -"To whom?" said Arthur, also lowering his sword. - -"To me, William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury." - -"What!" cried Arthur bitterly, "a Plantagenet! How could you have the -heart, cousin, to fight against Henry's nephew?" - -He extended his sword. Salisbury took it, and, gazing at Arthur, said in -a tone of utter astonishment: "By Heaven, his features prove the truth -of his words. Geoffrey, as he was in life!" Then advancing, he said, "My -prince and cousin, most unwillingly I take you prisoner, but you shall -be a prisoner only in name." - -"But how can you satisfactorily explain this to John?" asked Arthur. - -"That can be arranged. You may think evil of him, and unfortunately I -cannot altogether defend his course, but he will not tarnish his -knightly honor by abuse of a prisoner. Follow me, Duke Arthur, and rest -assured I shall treat you with the utmost consideration." - -The fighting paused while the two were conversing, and at last Salisbury -gave the order for cessation of battle. But where were those young -knights who had followed Arthur? Scattered, wounded, or captured, they -were forced to declare themselves defeated, like their Duke. - -Turning to Arthur, Salisbury asked, "What are your wishes with regard to -your followers?" - -"I hope, noble Salisbury, you will arrange matters so that at the close -of the war they may be ransomed and return to their homes. Above all, -care for the Knight Mordant. He fell at the very outset--" - -"What!" interposed Salisbury, with the utmost emotion. "My old companion -in arms fallen!" - -"And this is his son," said Arthur, taking Alan by the hand. "Permit him -to attend his father or bury his body." - -Without hesitation Salisbury replied: "He shall go free, and keep his -steed and weapons, if he will give his promise not to fight against -England for a year." - -A stir among those standing near them diverted the attention of the -speakers. Six soldiers came in sight bearing the body of Knight Hoel -Mordant prone upon their lances. With a despairing cry Alan bent over -the body, the warriors also showing signs of sorrow at the loss of the -hero. At last Alan rose and said with trembling voice: "I no longer -desire my liberty. Let me remain with my Duke." - -But Arthur answered: "For my sake, Alan, accept the Earl's offer. Hasten -to my wife and mother and urge my friends to send a ransom to John, that -I may be released. Take this ring. You know who gave it to me. He has -the power to help me." Arthur took Abraham's ring from his finger and -placed it upon Alan's. When Alan would have offered objection, Arthur -said for the first time in a tone of command, "I wish it." As his loyal -friend sorrowfully bowed in submission, Arthur stretched out his arms -and embraced him. They remained thus until Alan looked upon Arthur with -sad eyes and tore himself away. - -At Salisbury's signal his men escorted him and the Duke to the gate of -the tower, in front of which guards were stationed with crossed -halberds. As they approached, the guards lowered their weapons and -admitted them. Out of the brilliant glow of the evening sky Arthur -entered the gloom of the vaulted passage. Salisbury quickly followed -him, and the Duke of Brittany was a prisoner. - -Alan remained immovable upon his steed as long as he could see a trace -of Arthur's retreating figure, but when it disappeared behind the dark -walls, he gave spurs to his horse and galloped at full speed through the -city and out into the country toward Paris. - - - - - Chapter XVII - The Imprisonment - - -Several days had passed since Arthur entered the tower of Mirabeau, -where by Salisbury's orders a large and well-furnished room was provided -for him. He not only had all the necessities for comfort, but much -personal pleasure, for famous English visitors to Mirabeau were -permitted to call upon him. Whenever he appeared upon the walls in the -company of an attendant, the soldiers of the garrison hastened to see -him. He greeted them in such a cordial yet dignified manner that many a -hearty benediction was uttered by them. - -Salisbury himself visited him almost daily, and manifested the utmost -concern for the welfare of his famous cousin. Upon such occasions Arthur -frequently spoke of England and indulged in fancies of what he would do -if he were King. - -"Silence," said Salisbury, with a smile. "I must not listen. You are -talking high treason." - -At the very outset of his imprisonment Arthur had longed for an -interview with his grandmother, Queen Eleanor. She declined seeing him, -however, until she had ascertained John's intentions. But just at this -time she had a letter from her son, in which he wrote: "I shall be with -you in a few days. Having performed all your duties to the Prince -hitherto, see to it in some way that he is harmless in the future." - -The Queen clearly understood the double meaning of his words and -considered the best means for carrying out his wishes. One day she -abruptly said to Salisbury, "Bring your prisoner to me in the morning." -As he hesitated about replying, she added in the most insolent manner, -"I hear continually about your intercourse with the Duke, and it does -not please me, my lord." - -"By my long sword," replied Salisbury impetuously, "I would rather be -the object of your suspicion than have you cause the Prince to suffer." - -"Is he really as captivating as that?" said Eleanor, changing her tone. -"I notice the people take no pains to conceal their admiration of his -fine face and knightly bearing." - -"He is--and you may as well know it," replied Salisbury--"he is a -Plantagenet from head to foot; and those who doubt it, or seek to make -others doubt it, have malicious designs." - -"When we have recognized him as a Plantagenet and our grandson, it will -be time to award him his proper rank. We will see him in the morning." - -Salisbury looked sharply at the Queen, as if to discover her purpose, -but one of his honest, straightforward nature could not read this crafty -woman. He determined, however, to watch over Arthur with increased -vigilance, for--and the reason he could hardly explain himself--the -youth had won his love and devotion. - -While Arthur was attending mass the next morning with Salisbury, the -Queen was arranging for the interview with the son of the hated -Constance in her apartment. Two soldiers of the royal bodyguard -submissively received her orders. As she sat at a table covered with -papers and writing materials she heard the gong strike the hour which -marked the close of the morning service. - -"Step behind those doors," she said to the soldiers, "and await this -signal. As soon as you hear me strike that metal cup with this silver -key, enter, overpower and bind the prisoner, then do what I shall order. -But hold! Before you go, make a hotter fire in that brazier so that the -irons may be heated--now, go." - -The guard disappeared behind the door, and Eleanor, gazing fixedly at -the irons in the coals, said to herself: "'Let him be made harmless in -the future,' John says; well, a blind man is harmless enough. He will -not fascinate people when he has lost his sight. A blind king never can -rule over England." - -Steps were heard in the passage leading to the apartment, and as the -Queen turned her head, she saw Arthur and Salisbury entering. Arthur -stopped a moment, awaiting a greeting from the Queen, who sat in -silence. As he approached her and she observed his noble figure and -beautiful face, she suddenly rose and put out her hands as if to keep -him off. - -"Will you send me away? Will you not speak to your grandson?" said -Arthur reproachfully. - -"My grandson!" said Eleanor, with her eyes bent upon him. "No--my -son--Geoffrey." - -"Yes," said Salisbury, "one might fancy Geoffrey had come back to life." - -"Oh! that it were so, if it would only give me his mother's love!" -exclaimed Arthur, kneeling and taking the Queen's hand. - -"Do not recall him," replied Eleanor passionately. "Geoffrey scorned his -mother's love. I loved him better than any of my sons, and he gave his -heart to Constance of Brittany, whom I detest." - -"You speak of my mother," quickly replied Arthur. "Oh, she is good and -noble. What has she done that you should hate her so?" - -"What has she done?" replied Eleanor. "She alienated my son from me. He -no longer loved me. He no longer listened to my advice. He was -disloyal." - -"Was your advice always sound?" asked Salisbury, with great earnestness. -"Be fair, Queen. Remember, it was your advice that led Geoffrey into -rebellion against his king and father." - -"No more of that, Salisbury," interposed Eleanor. - -"No," resumed Arthur. "Let bygones be bygones. Be reconciled to my -mother. I will love you both, if you will only permit it, grandmother." - -There was deep emotion in his supplicating tone and looks, and Eleanor -was touched by it. She stood for a moment reflecting; then, turning to -Salisbury, she said, "Leave us." - -Salisbury withdrew slowly and reluctantly, but ready to return at the -first summons. Eleanor looked earnestly at the Duke as she said: -"Listen, Arthur. I am old, but I am still capable of love and of hatred. -I could love you, image of my favorite son, and so exalt you that you -would never need again to wear Philip's armor. If I so wish, John will -choose you as his successor, and will so engage upon his kingly honor. -John must obey my wishes and the consent of all England will follow. I -can give you the crown. I now proffer it to you, but upon one -condition." - -"And what is that?" asked Arthur with trembling voice. - -"You must accompany me to England and cut loose from all you leave in -France. The Pope will dissolve your union with the Princess Marie. You -must declare war against Philip Augustus." - -"And my mother?" - -"You must leave her to her fate." - -"Never!" cried Arthur. "Oh, you are heartless, grandmother. If I thought -my heart was capable of such wickedness, I would tear it out of my -breast." - -"Once more I leave you free to make a decision. Choose," said Eleanor. - -"I never will choose disgrace!" exclaimed Arthur. - -Eleanor stepped to the table and took the silver key from the metal cup. -As she raised her hand to strike, her gaze fell upon Arthur's eyes, -which were glistening as if he were inspired. "No," she muttered, "I -cannot do it. They are Geoffrey's eyes." The key fell upon the soft -carpet from her helpless hand. "Leave me," she said. "Let us never see -each other again in this life." She placed her hands upon Arthur's -shoulders and looked at him long and earnestly. Then she sadly withdrew -them and turned away. Arthur hurried from the apartment and met -Salisbury, who had been waiting for him at the threshold. When Eleanor -found she was alone, she stamped her foot and summoned the guards. "Take -that away," she said, pointing to the brazier; "the fire is dead." - -During Arthur's visit to the Queen, reports of the interview and of -Eleanor's evil designs against her grandson spread through the city. -There was great excitement, and open threats were made against her. As -Arthur mounted the stairs with Salisbury he was greeted with loud -applause by soldiers and knights in the castle yard. "Here he is," -shouted those nearest him. "He lives," said others, and suddenly all -joined in the enthusiastic cry, "Long live Arthur Plantagenet!" The -Duke, overcome with surprise, waved his hand and thanked them. Then he -followed Salisbury, who made a passage for him through the crowd with -some difficulty. The shouts were audible in the apartment of the Queen, -where, concealed behind a curtain, she was watching the throng below. - -The dangerous excitement hastened her decision to deliver Arthur to the -King. She might possibly have changed her intentions had not John -entered Mirabeau that same evening with his army. As soon as he was -alone with his mother, he inquired about Arthur, and broke into a fury -of passion when he found that nothing had happened to the prisoner. His -rage increased when he learned of the favorable impression his nephew -had made upon the English troops and that Eleanor herself had shown a -disposition to sympathize with him. "How is it," he cried, "that I find -you negotiating with Arthur, especially when unexpected events have -thrown him into my power? Are you helping him, mother? Go, go! You have -grown old and weak. I care nothing for his adherence to my cause or for -Philip's assistance. Possession and right are on my side." - -"The right!" replied Eleanor. "Ask your conscience in what manner King -Henry's will gave you that right." - -"Silence," said John. "I know that I am indebted to your cunning; but -still you must remain loyal to me." - -"I know that," replied Eleanor, "but listen to my advice." - -"Enough for the present," said John. "We will think about the matter -to-morrow morning, mother." - -Arthur had passed the day alone, as neither Salisbury nor any of the -knights had been to see him. About dark the watch, who came every -evening to see that all was well, entered his room. Contrary to his -usual custom he greeted Arthur curtly and was about to retire. Thereupon -Arthur said to him, "How is it, Captain Norbert, that you have nothing -to tell me to-day? You usually bring me some news." - -"News is not always good news, gracious Prince," replied the captain -significantly. - -"Do you mean not good for me? What is it? Explain," said Arthur. - -The captain approached nearer and said in a low voice, "King John, your -uncle, has arrived," upon which he left so suddenly that Arthur could -not question him further. - -The intelligence weighed heavily upon him. Up to this time he had -supposed that imprisonment, longer or shorter, would be the worst that -could happen to him, but now he felt a misgiving that John would make a -final decision as to his fate, and the hopelessness of the situation -depressed his usually cheerful nature. With ardent longing he yearned to -see his mother, Marie, and Alan; at last, overcome with sorrow, he wept -bitter tears. - - - - - Chapter XVIII - King John - - -On the following day John summoned the leading nobles and commanders who -had accompanied him to France to the great hall of the old castle of -Mirabeau. Besides famous Salisbury, Lords Pembroke, Bigot, and Essex -were in attendance, as well as knights and leading personages in great -number. All awaited the Duke of Brittany with eager interest. They had -heard so much about him since their arrival that many of them were -greatly surprised and had besieged Salisbury with questions. Meanwhile -Salisbury himself had not ventured to see the Duke, as the King had -issued stringent orders that no one should be admitted to him. Arthur -now realized that his fate was in John's hands, and he was filled with -fear and solicitude. He showed no traces of it, however, when he -appeared in the hall attended by an armed escort. He was in his best -apparel, which had been kept for him by Salisbury. Over a violet silk -doublet he wore a short, gold-embroidered mantle of white satin and a -scarf with the arms of the Plantagenets on it. Only the sword was -lacking to complete the attire of knighthood. With a firm step and erect -head he went directly in front of the King's seat, bowed respectfully, -lifting his cap and replacing it immediately, as was the right of one of -equal birth. Then he looked about quietly upon the assemblage. The -impression which he made is almost indescribable. Many remembered to -have seen him with King Richard in Rouen and recalled the favor which -his uncle had shown him. Others, who had never seen him, recognized with -great emotion Duke Geoffrey's face and figure reflected in his son. John -also had observed the likeness, and it greatly disquieted him. A rustle -and low murmurs were heard all over the hall until John spoke, and then -deep silence prevailed. - -"It is not our fault, my nephew," said he, "that I am receiving you -here. It would not have been so had you accepted my invitation." - -"Your invitation, uncle?" replied Arthur, not addressing him by his -royal title. "I know of no invitation except the one to surrender which -your troops sent to our cities." - -"Well," replied John with a show of irritation, "your mother, instead of -applying to her husband's family for protection, besought it of Philip -Augustus, King of France." - -"And why was Geoffrey's widow forced to seek for outside help, except -that her legitimate protectors had become her enemies? No, my uncle, you -cannot justify what has happened, but you can make reparation." - -"What do you mean?" said John. - -"You well know my claims," replied Arthur. - -"And I scorn them," said the King menacingly. "Bethink you. You are a -prisoner. You should be more moderate of speech." - -"Imprisonment cannot make wrong right. It is more likely to add new -wrongs to old ones." - -"Silence," thundered John. "How does a mere worm, whom I can trample -under my feet, dare to be so bold?" - -Arthur's hand involuntarily sought his missing sword. Blazing with -anger, he exclaimed: "Shame upon you thus to abuse and threaten a -prisoner! Even if you despise the ties of relationship, at least honor -the obligations of knighthood, to which we both belong." The knights -present loudly applauded these words, occasioning much confusion. -Thereupon John, chagrined as he realized he had gone too far, quietly -observed: "I am the best judge of what is becoming to knighthood. The -honor of the King stands higher still. You may retire, Duke Arthur." - -The King beckoned to the guards and Arthur was led away, taking with him -the unmistakable sympathy of all present. - -"You have heard, my lords, how this prisoner defies me," resumed the -King. A pause followed these words, and lasted until Salisbury came -forward and said: "The Duke spoke the truth; and as it was youthful -impulse which actuated him, I think, and many others with me, that he -had sufficient excuse." - -"Lords Pembroke and Bigot, is that your opinion?" said the King. - -Venerable Lord Pembroke calmly replied: "If the grade of kinship alone -entitled him to the succession, Arthur would have the legitimate claim -from his father, Geoffrey, your eldest brother. Nay, King, do not -interrupt. Hear me out. We, the lords of England, recognized you as King -after Richard's death, though well aware that a nearer heir was living. -But when we elevated you to the throne we took into consideration not -alone the question of inheritance, but the welfare of England. The -fearful struggle after the first Henry's death, in which rivers of blood -were shed, to decide who should wear the crown, is still fresh in the -minds of the people. Civil war must not again devastate the country; and -yet I most earnestly warn you to treat your nephew, Arthur of Brittany, -with the consideration due to his rank, to honor him in knightly -fashion, and to give him back his dukedom unimpaired. Promise me this, O -King, and receive anew our loyal devotion. Do you endorse my proposal, -noble lords?" - -The convincing importance of his statement, as well as the imposing -presence of Lord Pembroke, made a profound impression, and all raised -their hands in assent. - -John looked around the circle in a triumphant manner and said in a -conciliatory tone: "I give the promise which you desire unconditionally, -my loving and trusty followers. I am pained that you should have -believed I would not deal with my nephew as becomes his rank, even -without a promise." - -All were, or at least seemed to be, satisfied with the King's statement. -Salisbury, however, still was suspicious of John's sincerity. He asked -permission to visit the prisoner again. The King smilingly granted it, -saying: "Go to him to-day, noble Earl, for you must leave with a -detachment of troops in the morning." - -Salisbury made no objection to this, for he did not know that not only -he, but all the nobles who had shown favor toward Arthur, would be sent -away, and that the Duke would be left behind in the King's power. He was -detained so long by the King upon business matters and friendly -pretences that little time was left for him to make the visit; but at -last he got away, and hurried to the prison. The joy with which Arthur -greeted him made it all the more difficult for the Earl to prepare him -for the approaching separation. When the Duke learned the King's -intention, he lost his self-control and entreated Salisbury not to leave -him. Vainly the Earl assured him that John had bound himself by a sacred -promise that he would do nothing to harm his nephew. He clung to his -only friend as he sought to tear himself away, crying out in utter -despair, "My last hope departs with you, noble Salisbury." - -In great agitation Salisbury left the unfortunate youth, and the next -day marched out of Mirabeau, filled with gloomy apprehensions and -wishing that he had never entered it and taken Arthur prisoner. - -In a few weeks the relations of those who had met in Mirabeau were -radically changed. Queen Eleanor had to remain there alone, though very -reluctantly, as she was detained by a severe illness. It seemed as if -the sight of Arthur's face had aroused the torments of conscience, for, -from the day when she was forced to deliver him into John's power she -had grown weak and ill, both in body and mind. As soon as he could make -the arrangements John left Mirabeau, taking his nephew with him. Though -closely guarded, Arthur enjoyed considerable freedom on the road, and -followed the army on horseback. But before they were out of Normandy the -prisoner's guards suddenly took him away in another direction from that -of the army, and landed him in the castle of Falaise. - -In that gloomy castle Arthur experienced all the hardships of -imprisonment and passed his days in hopeless solitude. At the beginning -of winter he was taken to Rouen and confined in a strong tower on the -bank of the Seine. Though joyous and cheerful by nature, he lost all -courage and hope, and fell into utter despair. His young days seemed -like a dream, and as he recalled them he asked himself over and over -again, "What has become of Alan?" - -The time which seemed so long to Arthur was passed by Alan in almost -constant toil and hardship. How many dangers, plots, and delays he had -to overcome before he finally reached Paris! He entered upon his mission -for Arthur at once, but it was soon apparent that the task was hopeless. -Where could he look for advice and assistance? King Philip being far -away with his army, Alan was powerless to carry out Arthur's wishes, and -yet the Princesses were expecting aid from him. He visited Abraham, who -remained steadfast to the Duke; yet the Jew required time to raise the -money and make inquiries just when Alan had to face new dangers at every -turn. When Abraham learned from his relatives that Arthur had left -Rouen, his alarm increased, for he feared the worst if he met John. The -utmost despatch was now necessary, and Abraham showed his willingness to -help Alan in his plans for the Duke's rescue. "For," said the Jew, "he -has done me a great favor and has made an asylum for my people. But, -alas, King John persecutes the children of Israel, and has sworn to -extirpate our race." - -Alan advised with Abraham about every move he made, and finally decided -to repair at once to the neighborhood of the Duke; then he arranged to -meet Abraham in Rouen and decide what further steps were necessary in -Arthur's behalf. - - - - - Chapter XIX - The Tower of Rouen - - -The Duke's only recreation was an occasional visit to the tower balcony, -where--under the eye of his guard--he enjoyed walking, as well as the -bracing winter air. A high parapet prevented him from looking down where -the Seine flowed by and vessels were passing up and down the river, but -he could hear the voices and songs of the sailors as he paced backward -and forward. He endeavored to maintain a dignified bearing when in the -presence of the witnesses of his misfortune, but his pale cheeks showed -traces of the bitter tears he had shed in his solitude. - -One morning he went to the balcony as usual with Hubert de Burgh, -captain of the guard. The wind blew violently about the old tower, and -as Arthur went out on the balcony to listen to the stir of the world -below, Hubert, who was in a surly mood, sheltered himself near the -entrance. - -As Arthur listened to the songs of the sailors on the river below, why -was it that his face suddenly lit up with joy and that his eyes flashed -with delight? Fortunately Hubert could not see his face, as Arthur was -standing with his back to him. - -What was the melody to which he listened so eagerly? Surely it was -Blondel's song,[20] which the faithful minstrel once sung under the -walls of the prison where Richard the Lion-hearted was confined, and -which Arthur had often sung with Alan, little dreaming that he too would -be a prisoner one day. If his ear did not deceive him it was Alan's -voice, only it was weaker and more tremulous than usual. And yet no -other could sing the song like that. He longed to sing it in reply, but -his guard, wondering why he stopped his walk so long, approached. The -singer ceased as Arthur wiped his heated brow. Suddenly his handkerchief -flew into the air. Arthur pretended to be catching it, but it fluttered -high above the balcony and then sank downwards like a white dove. - -"You have lost your handkerchief," said the guard, "for it will either -fall into the water or catch upon the walls." - -"It was very precious to me," replied Arthur; "my mother embroidered -it." Thereupon he left the balcony. The handkerchief fell into the water -and was picked up by a young sailor boy, who came there on a stone -vessel the day before. It was this boy who had sung Blondel's song. He -took the wet handkerchief and looked at it with beaming eyes. Then he -uttered a cry, not like that of a sailor, but like that with which the -hunter calls his falcon. - -On the following morning two weary female pilgrims arrived at the -eastern gate of Rouen. When questioned by the guard, they showed letters -to the Abbess of the Marien Convent, and were directed to the place. -After kneeling in prayer for some time at the altar of the cathedral -near by, they arose and went to the convent. As the elder pilgrim -desired to present the letters in person, they were shown into the -reception-room, where the Abbess awaited them behind a latticed door. -Approaching it the pilgrim said, "Admit us, reverend mother." - -"Do you not know that only the King and the Princesses have that -privilege?" replied the Abbess. Thereupon the two unveiled. - -"I am Constance of Brittany," said the elder. - -"And I am Marie of France," added the other in a low voice. - -The Abbess bowed in great surprise and admitted the pair. "What seek -you, gracious Princesses?" said she. - -"We have vowed to tarry here in prayer until the Holy Mother of God -answers our petition," was the reply. - -"And supposing the Holy One refuses?" - -"Then we shall pray for a poor soul until our latest breath." - -"It is your right to command," said the Abbess, conducting them to the -interior of the cloister. - -In that very hour an aged Jew came to the south gate of the city with a -ragbag on his shoulder and a staff in his hand. He exhibited his -passports to the gate-keepers, and although they gave him permission to -leave Paris and go to Rouen on business, he was stopped and insulted -upon every sort of pretext. He bore the raillery of the rough soldiers -patiently and mutely, only protesting now and then, "My papers permit me -to enter the city and seek lodgings with my friends." - -"But why are you in such a hurry, Jew?" said the captain. "Perhaps you -have business with the King of England, who is coming to-night?" - -The Jew shot a swift glance at the speaker and meekly replied, "A poor -craftsman can have nothing to do with so fine a gentleman." - -"Who can tell?" provokingly answered the captain. "When princes are -preparing to cross the seas there are fine bargains to be made with -their followers." - -"Then let me enter and find out if I can make any of them." - -"The Jew snaps at such a chance like a fish at the bait," said the -captain with a sneer. "Now hurry, son of Israel." - -The Jew promptly availed himself of the opportunity, folded his papers, -and passed through the partly open gate. A soldier of the watch hurried -him on his way with a thrust of his lance shaft, and the spare figure -soon disappeared among the crooked old streets. The Jew, who was -Abraham, had at last accomplished his purpose. In the secret -hiding-place of one of his own faith he could have interviews with all -kinds of people, who passed in and out all day. Samples of wares were -strewn about the tables; but these people, who were mostly knights or -seamen, did not come to purchase. Among them was Alan, who late one -evening found himself alone with Abraham. - -"You know all now. I may not be able to help you further," said Abraham. -"But this is my plan: When King John comes into port, bringing the Duke -with him, a second boat will follow, carrying the servants and baggage. -The captain and crew have been won over. God knows at what price," he -added with a groan. "They will keep you until the harbor is reached. -Then the King and his retinue, including Duke Arthur, will embark upon a -large sea vessel, for the King will not allow him to be out of his sight -until he safely lands him in England. The confusion of the night -embarkation will allow you to approach unobserved, and you must improve -the opportunity to separate the Duke from the others and get him to your -boat. Have him concealed there, and leave as quickly as possible. It is -the last faint possibility of escape, for no power can save him or get -him out of the tower, now that John has control." - -"And where will the sailors in the little boat take us?" said Alan. - -"They know all the coves and inlets of the coast--they often conceal -themselves in them from the pirates," said Abraham. - -"God grant that we succeed! Arthur knows that I am near, and he will be -in readiness for instant flight. This is the surety of it," said Alan, -pressing Arthur's handkerchief to his lips. - -"Farewell, brave youth," said Abraham. "Do what your heart prompts. A -truer one never beat under the sun. I shall leave Rouen early to-morrow -morning and return to Paris that suspicion may not fall upon me and my -people should your undertaking be discovered." - -They parted, and Alan returned to the vessel. His route led him past the -ancient tower, which was not so quiet and dark as usual. Torches -illuminated the gate and battlements, and lights shone in the windows; -for King John had arrived, and the din of his soldiery could be heard -even through the thick walls. - - - - - Chapter XX - On the Seine - - -The report of the King's approaching departure had attracted a great -throng of spectators to the bank of the Seine, opposite the tower. They -were curious to see the King, but more eager to see the Duke of -Brittany, whose name was heard on every side. Vessels of moderate size -could come close up to the gates on the water side, which closed the -entrance to the tower. Two boats were in waiting some distance off. The -smaller was fully manned, and loaded with chests and bales, ready for -departure. The deck of the larger, which floated the royal ensign, was -empty, the crew being below. - -It was late when the signal for leaving was given. The gates were -opened, torch-bearers advanced and lighted the stairs, which were -flanked by two rows of halberdiers. Between them, knights, soldiers, and -nobles, with the Duke in their midst, descended. Arthur stopped upon the -stair an instant, looking about as if in search of some one, but he was -quickly forced along to the gangway leading from the stairs to the boat. -He and his guards had hardly stepped aboard when the King's approach was -announced. John immediately appeared, mounted the deck, and disappeared -below. The rowers struck out, the sails filled, and the vessel moved to -the middle of the stream. The boat with the baggage followed a little -distance away from it. A dark figure rose from time to time in the bows, -eagerly scrutinizing the King's vessel. It was Alan in sailor's dress, -on the lookout for Arthur. The deck of the other vessel, however, -remained empty for some time. It gleamed white in the light of the -rising moon; its masts and sails were sharply outlined against the clear -night sky, and only the monotonous plash of oars broke the stillness. - - [Illustration: _The assassination of Arthur_] - -But when the city was left behind and the vessel was gliding along -between the deserted banks of the rushing river, two figures appeared on -deck and gradually proceeded to the stern, which was clearly visible to -Alan. He could see it was the King and Arthur engaged in conversation, -and could even distinctly hear some of their words. Arthur was in modest -attire, and his short mantle was carelessly worn. King John was dressed -in a broad dark cloak which left one arm free, and wore a fur-trimmed -cap. The speakers stood some distance apart, but as the conversation -continually grew louder, it was perfectly audible to Alan. The familiar -sound of Arthur's voice deeply touched his heart, and he eagerly -listened to its tones. Suddenly he heard the King's questioning voice -full of sullen rage, and Arthur's loud, firm reply to him, "Never, -never!" At the same time he saw the Duke with upturned face raise his -hands to heaven in a supplicating manner. As Arthur stood thus, facing -the King with unprotected breast, the latter sprang at him. A dagger -gleamed in his hand, and like a flash he drove the blade into the Duke's -heart. A dreadful cry followed, and was repeated by the echo of another -voice. The King lifted the weapon and pierced his victim a second time. -The dying youth staggered to the edge of the vessel and fell into the -river. The King looked searchingly over the side and then flung the -dagger into the stream. - -Forgetting all caution, Alan leaned over in his boat, watching with -horror-stricken eyes the crimsoned water in the wake of the King's -vessel. A golden ringlet rose and glistened in the moonlight for an -instant; then the waves closed over it, and it disappeared. - -Proudly sailed the vessel bearing the King to its haven. Sunk and -forever lost in the waters of the Seine was the Duke of Brittany.[21] - - - - - Chapter XXI - The Accusation - - -King John murdered his nephew at night, unseen, as he supposed, by any -human eye, and yet he was at once harassed by constant fear. He did not -draw an easy breath until he landed upon the English coast and stood -upon soil which had not been stained by his bloody deed. Almost as soon -as the King's vessel arrived, rumor was busy, however, and hinted of the -crime John had committed. Although the people submissively obeyed him, -they looked upon him with suspicion, and at last accusations were made -openly. - -When John assembled the lords and peers for the first time, the -venerable Pembroke, their mouth-piece, asked the King this question: -"Where is Arthur, son of Geoffrey, the noble scion of the Plantagenets?" - -The cowardly and conscience-stricken King sought to evade a reply, but -he was besieged with a storm of demands and accusations, and Pembroke -reproached both himself and his friends because they had left Arthur in -the cruel hands of his uncle. - -The King at last answered in a rage: "The peers must first prove the act -before they condemn me." An instant's silence ensued, for they could not -provide the proofs; and John looked with insolent scorn at the -embarrassed nobles. But before the King could follow up his opportunity, -a herald entered the hall, announcing that an unknown knight, attended -by squires and heralds, had brought a message for the King from Philip -Augustus of France. It was an unfortunate time to receive the -commission, but he did not dare to refuse audience to Philip's -ambassador. - -Preceded by a herald carrying a roll of parchment in his hand, with the -royal seal appended, a knight in full black armor entered the hall. John -was greatly agitated as he saw him approaching, and was still more -alarmed when the knight raised his visor and displayed the stern -features of a youthful face. It seemed to him for an instant that Arthur -stood there to accuse him. - -The stranger bowed haughtily to the King, and with exceeding courtesy to -the nobles, and then spoke: "In the name and by the authority of King -Philip of France I summon you, John Plantagenet of Anjou, before the -tribunal of your sovereign lord at Paris, to answer for the murder of -your nephew, Duke Arthur of Brittany." - -John stamped his foot with rage. "This is most presumptuous," he roared. -"It will be time for Philip to sit in judgment on me when he has found -some one to accuse me." - -"Here I stand, Knight Alan of Mordant, from Brittany, as your accuser," -said Alan. "I saw you commit the murder, and am ready to prove all the -circumstances. Do you doubt my testimony?" he asked, as he saw John make -a gesture of contempt. "Well then, behold this dagger." Alan drew the -weapon from his cloak and held it toward the King. "Do you recognize -your name and arms on the blade? It may well be rusty, for it has not -only lain in the waters of the Seine three days, but also has been -bathed in Arthur's blood. Do you deny it, King John? Do you shake your -fist at me? If so, I will maintain the truth of my accusation by my -knightly honor, and here I cast my glove into the circle of these noble -knights. I summon him to mortal combat who will deny my accusation." - -Alan threw down his glove and replaced the dagger in his cloak. The King -looked around the circle of his gallant knights almost supplicatingly, -but he saw only gloomy and lowering faces, and no one moved to take the -glove from the floor. There was universal silence until the King -summoned the herald, who took the glove into his keeping. - -Notwithstanding his discomfiture, John craftily made a bold move to stem -the tide of his fast failing cause. Turning to Alan, he said, "If we, as -is likely, shall refuse to recognize the summons of Philip of France, -what then?" - -"In that case," said Alan, "King Philip will declare you, John of -England, dispossessed of all your property and fiefs on French soil, and -will immediately appropriate them." - -"Let him attempt it!" shouted John in thundering tones. "Hear you, my -lords and knights! Philip may execute this summons, but he will not -strike me. He will strike at England and England's greatness. It is -Philip's purpose to wrest from us the country which is the birthplace of -our ancestors, the land whence sprang our knighthood, majestic Normandy, -beautiful Anjou and Maine. That is the explanation of all his virtuous -anger over the death of the boy Arthur. What is that boy's life, what is -my own life, provided England's greatness remain unimpaired? Which one -of you, my knights, will hesitate when he is called upon to fight for -English honor and English possessions?" - -John looked around the assembly confident of victory, took the summons, -tore it in two, and threw the pieces on the floor. "There is the answer -you shall take to Philip of France, Knight Mordant, and you may leave -England in three days. For that length of time you have the privileges -of an ambassador." - -With a firm step John left the hall, and the nobles followed him with -unsettled convictions. - - - - - Chapter XXII - The End - - -The English army invaded France again, only to meet with defeat. England -lost both fame and possessions: Philip wrested the latter from her. The -entire population of Brittany rushed to arms after Arthur's murder, and -drove the enemy out of their country. Alan, their leader, continually -roused them to resistance and incited them to avenge their murdered -Duke. He would not tolerate any foreign ruler, and encouraged all -classes to maintain their independence both against England and France. -He demonstrated his patriotism and achieved victory, but at the cost of -his life in defence of his fatherland. - -Arthur was avenged. The contempt of all England, worse even than death -to bear, was visited upon John when he returned from France. Detested by -his subjects, mistrusted by the nobles, shamefully begging help from the -Pope to keep his throne, his life came to an end in an era of -turbulence. His lords, joining hands with the commons, extorted from him -that important concession of rights, Magna Charta,[22] and compelled -this execrable despot to lay the foundations of the greatness of the -English people. Old and worn out with sickness, believing himself -poisoned, racked with remorse, harassed by rebellious leaders, John died -in the midst of an insurrection. - -The derisive epithet, "John Lackland," has branded him in history as a -spurious and cruel sovereign. The figure of Arthur of Brittany, -glorified in poetry, beautified with the immortal lustre of youth, -stands out brightly against the dark background of those bloody -days.[23] - - - - - Appendix - - -The following is a chronological statement of the principal events -treated of in this volume: - - 1133 Birth of Henry the Second. - 1152 Henry marries Eleanor. - 1157 Birth of Richard the First. - 1158 Birth of Geoffrey. - 1165 Birth of Philip Augustus of France. - 1167 Birth of John, surnamed Lackland. - 1180 Philip Augustus succeeds to the throne. - 1186 Death of Geoffrey. - 1187 Birth of Arthur, Duke of Brittany. - 1189 Death of Henry the Second. - 1189 Rebellion of Richard and John. - 1189 Richard succeeds to the throne. - 1189 Period of the Third Crusade. - 1195 War between Philip Augustus and Richard. - 1199 Death of Richard. - 1203 Assassination of Arthur. - 1216 Death of John. - 1223 Death of Philip Augustus. - - LIFE STORIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE - - _Translated from the German by_ - _George P. Upton_ - - _20 Volumes Ready_ - - Beethoven - Mozart - Bach - Haydn - Maid of Orleans - The Little Dauphin - Marie Antoinette's Youth - Frederick the Great - Maria Theresa - Arnold of Winkelried - William of Orange - Barbarossa - William Tell - The Swiss Heroes - Herman and Thusnelda - Undine - Gudrun - The Nibelungs - The Frithiof Saga - The Duke of Brittany - - _Each, illustrated, 60 cents net_ - A. C. McCLURG & CO., CHICAGO - - - - - Footnotes - - -[1]Geoffrey was born September 23, 1158, and died August 19, 1186. He - married Constance of Brittany. - -[2]Henry II was the first king of England of the house of Plantagenet. - Outside of England he possessed Normandy and the suzerainty of - Brittany, which he inherited from the Norman kings; Anjou and Maine - from his father, and by marriage with Eleanor, Poitou, Guienne, and - Gascony. - -[3]This is one version of the manner in which Geoffrey came to his - death. The generally accepted historical version is that he was - killed at a tournament in Paris. - -[4]Duke Arthur of Brittany was born at Nantes, France, March 29, 1187, - and was killed at Rouen, April 3, 1203. According to the author of - this story, he was murdered on shipboard by King John, his uncle, - because he refused to waive his lawful claim to the throne of - England. History fails to make an authoritative statement of the - manner of the young hero's death, but it is unanimously conceded that - John procured his assassination, if he did not commit the deed - himself. - -[5]Rennes, capital of Ille-et-Vilaine, France, was the capital of - ancient Brittany. - -[6]Philip Augustus, King of France, was born in 1165, and died in 1223. - He was the son of Louis VII, and was noted for his banishment of the - Jews, his participation in the Third Crusade with Richard the - Lion-hearted, and the crusade against the Albigenses. - -[7]"The King left only two legitimate sons,--Richard, who succeeded him, - and John, who inherited no territory, though his father had often - intended to leave him a part of his extensive dominion. He was thence - commonly denominated 'Lackland.'"--Hume. - -[8]Henry the Second, King of England, died July 6, 1189. In the last - year of his reign he was confronted with the rebellion of his sons - Richard and John, in which they were assisted by Philip Augustus of - France. - -[9]Geoffrey, the father of Arthur, had been concerned in a previous - rebellion against his father, instigated, like that of Richard and - John, by Queen Eleanor. - -[10]This was the Third Crusade (1189-92), which was led by Frederick - Barbarossa of Germany (see the volume "Barbarossa" in this series), - Richard the Lion-hearted of England, and Philip Augustus of France. - They failed to recover Jerusalem, which had been recaptured by the - Mussulmans in 1187. - -[11]Richard the First, surnamed the Lion-hearted, was born September 8, - 1157, and was the third son of Henry the Second. He was killed in a - war with Philip Augustus of France, John's ally. - -[12]The author's chronology is at fault in this connection. Godfrey of - Bouillon was a leader in the First Crusade, and died at Jerusalem in - 1100, before the period of this story. - -[13]Acre, in Palestine, was captured by the Crusaders in 1191, and - Ascalon in 1153. The latter city was the birthplace of Herod the - First. - -[14]Henry the Sixth, born in 1165, was the son of Barbarossa, whom he - succeeded as King of Germany in 1190. - -[15]Trifels was an imperial fortress in the Rhine Palatinate, near - Annweiler, which was the resort of mediæval emperors. Only its ruins - remain. - -[16]The Louvre, now one of the world's famous art museums, was a castle - of the kings of France from the thirteenth century, and the chief - royal palace until Versailles was built by Louis the Fourteenth. Most - of the interior has been occupied as a museum since 1793. - -[17]Marie of France was the daughter of Philip Augustus. - -[18]Montjoie is the name of a hill near Paris where Saint Denis was - murdered. In tournaments "Montjoie" was the cry of the French - heralds; and "Montjoie St. Denis" was the French battle-cry. - -[19]Compiègne is a town in the Department of Oise, France, and is famous - for the royal palace rebuilt by Louis the Fifteenth. Napoleon the - First greatly enriched its interior. - -[20]Blondel was a _trouvère_, or minstrel, who accompanied Richard the - Lion-hearted, and is said to have discovered him when he was - imprisoned by singing a song under the King's tower, to which Richard - responded. - -[21]Hume accepts the following account of the murder as the most - reliable: "John first removed him to the castle of Rouen; and coming - in a boat, during the night time, to that place, commanded Arthur to - be brought forth to him. The young prince, aware of his danger, and - now more subdued by the continuance of his misfortunes and by the - approach of death, threw himself on his knees before his uncle and - begged for mercy; but the barbarous tyrant, making no reply, stabbed - him with his own hands, and, fastening a stone to the dead body, - threw it into the Seine." - -[22]Magna Charta, the charter of English liberties, signed by John and - his barons at Runnymede, June 15, 1215. - -[23]Hume says of John: "Cowardice, inactivity, folly, levity, - licentiousness, ingratitude, treachery, tyranny, and cruelty,--all - these qualities appear too evidently in the several incidents of his - life to give us room to suspect that the disagreeable picture has - been anywise overcharged by the prejudices of the ancient - historians." - - - - - Transcriber's Notes - - ---Copyright notice provided as in the original--this e-text is public - domain in the country of publication. - ---In the text versions, delimited italics text in _underscores_ (the - HTML version reproduces the font form of the printed book.) - ---Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and - dialect unchanged. - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Duke of Brittany, by Henriette Jeanrenaud - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DUKE OF BRITTANY *** - -***** This file should be named 60257-8.txt or 60257-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/5/60257/ - -Produced by D A Alexander, Stephen Hutcheson, and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by the Library of Congress) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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