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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d90a180 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60247 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60247) diff --git a/old/60247-0.txt b/old/60247-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 676d82a..0000000 --- a/old/60247-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1378 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's A Tour of Historic Richmond, by Frances Leight Williams - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: A Tour of Historic Richmond - -Author: Frances Leight Williams - -Release Date: September 6, 2019 [EBook #60247] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - _A Tour of - Historic Richmond_ - - - ALL ILLUSTRATIONS COPYRIGHT 1940 BY WHITTET & SHEPPERSON - - [Illustration: Richmond] - - _Broad Street Station_ - HOTEL WILLIAM BYRD - HOTEL JOHN MARSHALL - HOTEL RICHMOND - HOTEL KING CARTER - _Capital Square_ - - - - - _Richmond—Her Story and Her Spirit_ - - -Richmond—Capital of the Cavaliers—a city that is mellow and yet modern, -where the rustle of the past may still be heard amid the bustle of the -present. - -To appreciate Richmond one must, before all else, remember that this old -town has roots planted deep in the history of our country. Richmond was -founded in 1737 by William Byrd II, of Westover on the James, forefather -of two of Virginia’s illustrious sons of today, Admiral Richard Evelyn -Byrd and Senator Harry Flood Byrd. But even before Father Byrd laid off -his lots and established Richmond, this site at the falls of the James -River had held a certain degree of importance. Just a few weeks after -the Virginia settlers landed at Jamestown on May 13, 1607, to found the -first permanent English settlement in America, Captain Newport pushed -off up the James to find the route to the gold of the Indies. The -barrier of rocks, known as the falls of the James, must have been an -unwelcome sight to the eyes of that little band of intrepid explorers as -it shattered their dream of easy passage to their expected El Dorado. -Captain Newport, however, was the first of the Virginians to believe -that no hoped-for golden future should stop a man from doing the -sensible, practical things of the moment. Before very long, Captain -Francis West had established a frontier post at the point where the -falls interrupted further navigation of the river. It is hard to realize -that Richmond was once on the western frontier of our country, but such -was the case until about 1660, when settlers began that westward push -that only ended when the Pacific was reached. - -Richmond has seen much of the thrilling history of our country unfold. -She was a promising village when George Washington and the son of her -founder, Colonel Byrd, successfully led Virginia’s two regiments with -the troops of her sister colonies and the British regulars in the French -and Indian war. She was hostess to that brilliant group of patriots who -gathered in St. John’s Church in 1775 to discuss what methods could be -taken to avert war with England, only to have Patrick Henry, grown sick -of futile measures which obtained no justice for the colonists, rise to -advocate the arming of the Virginia militia and utter those words which -made him the embodiment of man’s immortal will to freedom: “Give me -liberty or give me death.” She was the capital of the State from which -Thomas Jefferson, Governor of Virginia, had to flee to prevent capture -when Benedict Arnold swooped down on Richmond in 1781 and occupied the -city for the British in America’s war for independence. Cornwallis -visited it later in the same year. She was a thriving center of commerce -in 1812 when the city was often alarmed by the news that the British -were coming again, and in 1846 when her “Grays” were accepted for -service in the Mexican War. She was the capital of the Confederate -States of America from 1861-65, the hope of the South and the despair of -the North for those four long, bloody, heart-breaking years. The best -commanders, the most immense armies the Federal government could -furnish, hammered, hammered at Richmond, while the South’s bravest -hearts and keenest minds stood with their backs often at the very walls -of the city, but would not let them pass. No city in America ever has or -ever will be again so completely the goal of the whole American people. -Those years and the ones that followed taught Richmond something that as -a city she will never forget—that courage can rise above everything. The -incredible sacrifices of Richmond people in that time knit the citizens -together with bonds that even time cannot sunder. She was again prompt -to the call of duty in 1898 when the country was challenged with outside -danger, and once more poured forth her sons and funds in World War I; -also in World War II she gave liberally of her sons and daughters and -resources. - -Those wars through which Richmond has lived are but distressing -landmarks on the long trail our country has traveled. Her contribution -has been equally as great in times of peace. In fact, probably her -greatest contribution has been her way of life—a way based on the belief -that the best of the old must be kept and adapted to fit in with the -best of the new. The city has grown steadily; has been rebuilt after -three destructions by fire. Today Richmond is a commercial, industrial, -financial, medical and educational center of the South, and one of the -fastest growing industrial centers in the nation. Richmond’s industry -has been stable and resistant to wide fluctuations in business cycle. - -Cities, after all, are but larger patterns of individual people. People -who have been tested by time and tribulation and yet come out smiling, -full of faith and courage, never fail to command our admiration. That -Richmond has done this, we submit as our plea for your appreciation of -our old city. - -The people of Richmond have made the city and in turn been made by it. -No one can long live in the mellowness of Richmond without feeling that -here is a calm that is not dead but gay, an ease and a friendliness that -is real and not assumed, a determination to build always for the future -but never to forget the heritage of the past which is our inspiration, a -will to be of such a quality that we cannot fail to give strength to the -nation, going always forward in the spirit of those who would surmount -the obstacles of the present in order to attain goals inspired by ideals -of right and justice. - - - - - A Tour of Historic Richmond - - -Happily, Richmond has preserved much of her charm of a bygone day, -despite the fact that she has kept step with the times. Innumerable -shrines remain to remind the visitor of the dramatic part played by the -city in the making of the nation. In virtually every quarter of the town -will be found reminders of the past—public buildings, homes and gardens, -memorials to her sons and daughters; in short, showplaces of wide -interest to those who would acquaint themselves with the history of a -section visited by Englishmen soon after the establishment of a -settlement at Jamestown. - -The tour has been planned on a geographic basis to permit as much as -possible to be seen. It is almost impossible to sightsee chronologically -in Richmond, as our forefathers built where they wished and not -according to a city plan. The result is that the old buildings of -Richmond are scattered quite widely. Leaving the heart of the city, we -drive to the intersection of Third and Main streets and proceed south on -Third to the end of the street, where we come to Gamble’s Hill Park. - - -Gamble’s Hill Park - -Below you rolls “the mighty James,” the father of Virginia’s history, -along the banks of which Richmond had her beginning. In 1645 Fort -Charles was erected here at the falls of the James to protect the -Tidewater settlers from the incursions of the Indians. The cross, -planted on rugged boulders or river-jacks from the James, was erected -here by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities in -memory of the valiant little group of explorers, who landed on an island -below this point on May 24, 1607. - -Across the ravine on the extreme right is the State penitentiary, ably -run along modern lines. - -Bringing your eyes along the crest of the same hill sloping down towards -the river, you will see Hollywood Cemetery, where lie buried two -Presidents of the United States, James Monroe and John Tyler; the -President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis; General -J. E. B. Stuart, Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury, “the pathfinder of -the seas;” Fitzhugh Lee (General R. E. Lee is buried in Lexington, -Virginia); George E. Pickett and some 18,000 Confederate soldiers, -including the Virginians who fell in Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg. - -Immediately beneath Gamble’s Hill curve are the remains of the once -vital Kanawha Canal, Virginia’s earliest great westward transportation -system, of which George Washington was the first president in 1785. - -Across the canal is the Tredegar Company, iron manufacturers, which has -rounded out more than a century of service, having furnished munitions -in the country’s last four wars. Here was rolled the armor-plate for the -“Merrimac,” which, with the “Monitor,” made history in Hampton Roads in -the first battle between iron-clads. - -Leaving the park we pass on our left a remarkable structure, known as -Pratt’s castle, constructed in the 1850’s. ¶ _Proceed on Fourth Street -to Canal, right on Canal to Fifth, left on Fifth to Main._ - - -Old Homes - -Here on Fifth Street, between Cary and Main, are several examples of the -stately houses which made life in Richmond in the nineteenth century the -gracious thing that it was. On your right are two old homes which have -passed from the hands of the families that built and loved them. At the -southeast corner of Main and Fifth Streets used to stand the Allan home -where Edgar Allan Poe lived to young manhood with his foster parents. On -the northwest corner of Fifth and Main Streets is an interesting -octagonal house, built prior to 1814 by an early mayor of Richmond. ¶ -_Proceed on Fifth to Franklin, right on Franklin to 707 East Franklin._ - - -General Lee’s Home - -This upright house, typical of many built by the wealthier Richmonders -in the early nineteenth century, was lent to General Robert E. Lee as a -home for himself when he could be in Richmond and for his family during -the latter years of the War Between the States. It is now the home of -the Virginia Historical Society, which has built a fireproof structure -in the rear for its priceless collection of papers. Many interesting -things on view here merit a visit. ¶ _Proceed east on Franklin to Ninth -Street._ - - -Federal Reserve Bank - -On your left, from Eighth to Ninth on Franklin Street, is situated the -Federal Reserve Bank for the Fifth District, which embraces Virginia, -North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and -part of West Virginia. ¶ _Intersection of Franklin and Ninth._ - - -Old Bell Tower - - [Illustration: _Old Bell Tower_] - -Here you get your first view of the State Capitol and its grounds, but -at this time confine your interest to the quaint structure directly -ahead. It is the old Bell Tower, built in 1824 to replace the wooden -tower from which had pealed forth the call to colors for regular and -volunteer troops to defend Richmond from expected attacks. ¶ _Right on -Ninth to Main Street._ - - -Financial District - -You are now in the heart of Richmond’s financial district. Many banking -houses, however, are situated in other parts of the city. - - -Post Office - -One block to your left, on Main Street is the Federal building in which -are located the United States Post Office and customs house. A part of -this building was erected before the War Between the States and housed -the executive offices of President Jefferson Davis and several members -of his cabinet. Next to it is the city’s parcel post building. ¶ -_Proceed south on Ninth Street across Main to Canal, left on Canal to -Fourteenth, right on Fourteenth to Bridge, halt._ - - -Site of John Smith Landing - -Before you stretches one of the four bridges connecting Richmond’s north -and south sides of the James River. Beyond the bridge, near the huge -grain elevator, is where Capt. John Smith first landed in Richmond. The -land was originally purchased from Chief Powhatan. ¶ _Back (north) on -Fourteenth to Main and right on Main to Fifteenth._ - - -Southern Literary Messenger - -The southeast corner on your right is the site of the _Southern Literary -Messenger_ Building, where Edgar Allan Poe edited that magazine to -enduring fame. Across the street is the site of Bell Tavern, one of the -famous places of rendezvous in early Richmond and recruiting station -during the War of 1812. ¶ _Continue east on Main to Seventeenth._ - - -Old First Market - -Passing the Main Street Station (C. & O. and Seaboard) on the left, you -come to the Old Market. On this site, from the earliest days, the -farmers would gather to sell their produce to the city folk. To the left -of the market, Negro washerwomen used to spread their wash on the grassy -bank of Shockoe Creek, the frequent floods of which were the chief -excitement of the old town. The women chatted and lightened their work -by singing. The darkies’ melodious voices, blending with the cries of -the food hawkers, must have made the market the gayest spot in Richmond. -¶ _Continue on Main, halting three-fourths of the way between Nineteenth -and Twentieth._ - - -Poe Shrine - -On your left is the oldest house in Richmond, erected about 1686. On the -front wall may be seen the letters “J.R.,” supposed to signify “Jacobus -Rex,” James II, who was then King of England. The building is now a part -of the Edgar Allan Poe Foundation, which includes also the small -buildings on the left and right, in the three of which are housed much -Poe material and many articles relating to his residence in Richmond. In -the rear is an “enchanted garden” which leads to a classical loggia, -built chiefly of material from the former _Southern Literary Messenger_ -building. ¶ _Turn right on Twentieth to Cary._ - - [Illustration: _Poe Shrine_] - - -Libby Prison - -On the southeast corner of Cary stood Libby Prison, where thousands of -Federal prisoners were confined during the War Between the States. The -old warehouse-prison building was torn down and taken to Chicago to be -rebuilt for the World’s Fair of 1893. - -You are now in the heart of the tobacco district of Richmond. For blocks -may be seen Richmond’s famous “Tobacco Row.” ¶ _Turn left on Cary to -Twenty-first, left on Twenty-first to Main, left on Main to Eighteenth -Street; right on Eighteenth one block to Franklin._ - - -Oldest Masonic Hall - -The wooden building on the right is the oldest Masonic hall in -continuous use in the United States which was built originally for -Masonic purposes. Governor Edmund Randolph was among the many prominent -Virginia Masons who participated in the corner-stone laying in 1785. -Lafayette was given a reception here in 1824 on his triumphal return -visit to the scenes where he had served in the American Revolution. ¶ -_Proceed east on Franklin, halting briefly between Twenty-first and -Twenty-second._ - -At the top of the hill to your left, you can see a typical old galleried -home of early Richmond, now incorporated in the buildings of Monte Maria -Roman Catholic Convent. ¶ _Turn right on Franklin at Twenty-third, go to -Main, turn right, then proceed to Twenty-first Street, turn right and -continue north to Broad, turn right on Broad, continue to -Twenty-fourth._ - -You are now entering Church Hill, Richmond’s oldest residential section. -¶ _Stop at Twenty-fourth and Broad, location of St. John’s Church._ - - -St. John’s Church (_Front Cover_) - -St. John’s Episcopal Church, built in 1741, the oldest in the city, will -forever be famous as the place where Patrick Henry uttered his ringing -challenge for “Liberty or Death” to the American colonists. The second -Virginia convention met in St. John’s, because it was the largest hall -in Richmond, in March, 1775, and even at that, the original was not half -the size of the enlarged present-day structure. It is worth your while -to get out here and let the sexton show you the church and tell you -briefly of its story. On the left, as you face the church, you will see -the grave of Elizabeth Arnold Poe, the tiny actress-mother of America’s -great imaginative writer. Young Edgar Poe is said to have been found -more than once lying sobbing on his mother’s grave. ¶ _Proceed east on -Broad to Twenty-eighth; right on Twenty-eighth two blocks to Franklin._ - - -Soldiers and Sailors Monument - -Here, at Libby Hill Park, is the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, erected -in 1894 as a memorial to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy. -The figure on the top is by William L. Sheppard. ¶ _Return to Broad -Street; turn left on Broad, halting between Thirteenth and Twelfth._ - - -Monumental Church - -This unusual-looking Episcopal church structure was built in 1812 as a -memorial to more than seventy persons, including the Governor of -Virginia, who lost their lives in a fire which destroyed a theatre on -this site on December 26, 1811. In this theatre Edgar Allan Poe’s mother -had acted a few short months before, and in this same theatre the -Virginia Convention of 1788 had ratified the Federal Constitution. ¶ -_Proceed west on Broad (Passing Medical College of Virginia Hospital -Building) to Twelfth, turn right on Twelfth to Marshall, turn right on -Marshall to center of block._ - - [Illustration: _The Egyptian Building · Medical College of - Virginia_] - - -Medical College of Virginia - -You are now in the center of the buildings of the Medical College of -Virginia which cover several city blocks. Particularly notable is the -concrete building on your right at the end of the block which is stated -to be “the most perfect example of Egyptian architecture in America.” -Erected in 1845, it is the earliest in the Medical College group. This -is one of the oldest medical schools in the South and the only one to -remain open during the War Between the States. The buildings now -composing the Medical College group afford not only an imposing sight -but with their facilities contribute greatly to the importance of -Richmond as one of the leading medical centers of the country. ¶ _Circle -block to right, returning to Twelfth. Proceed north on Twelfth two -blocks to Clay, turn right on Clay._ - - -Confederate Museum - - [Illustration: _Confederate Museum (White House of the - Confederacy)_] - -This building, now the Confederate Museum, was the White House of the -Confederacy from 1861-65. Here lived President Jefferson Davis. Here -came the generals to confer, the couriers bearing news of the various -battles. Most fittingly, the women of the South have made this a -treasure-house of things Confederate. In the museum you may now see the -uniforms, swords, camp chest and multitudinous relics of Generals Robert -E. Lee, Thomas J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, J. E. B. -Stuart and most of the other Confederate heroes. The student of that -phase of our history finds here invaluable historical papers and files. -¶ _Make a U-turn and proceed west on Clay to Eleventh._ - - -Valentine Museum - -This Museum of the Life and History of Richmond, founded by Mann S. -Valentine and opened in 1898, now includes four 19th century buildings. -The Wickham-Valentine House, designed by Robert Mills in 1812, is a -notable example of late Georgian architecture, with furnishings of that -period and of 1853, and with a walled garden that is restful and -beautiful in all seasons. The adjoining Museum building contains a -growing collection of permanent Richmond exhibits and the largest -costume department in the south. The Indian collection emphasizes -archaeological material from Virginia and North Carolina. Changing -exhibitions illustrate past and present city activities and interests. -Facing the garden is the Studio of the sculptor, Edward V. Valentine. -The Bransford-Cecil Memorial House, in the Greek Revival style of the -1840’s, contains a gallery-lecture room; a Research Library, with -extensive pictorial material illustrating Richmond’s history; and the -School Services’ office and workrooms, where two staff members carry on -an organized statewide program of lectures, loans, and special projects -for children. ¶ _Proceed west on Clay to Eighth, turn left Eighth to -Marshall, turn left on Marshall._ - - [Illustration: _Wickham-Valentine House_] - - -John Marshall House - -On the northwest corner of Ninth and Marshall is John Marshall House. -This house, severely simple on the exterior, boasts a classic dignity -inside which proves that John Marshall, as well as his politically -different cousin, Thomas Jefferson, could design homes. The eminent -jurist himself designed this home. The house is now the property of the -Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, the first of -such societies in America. It is furnished with some of Marshall’s -original furniture. You may see here the robe which Marshall wore as -Chief Justice of the United States. The large structure to the rear of -the house is John Marshall High School, one of Richmond’s two public -high schools. ¶ _Continue on Marshall to Tenth, turn right on Tenth. -Continue on Tenth to Broad._ - - [Illustration: _John Marshall House_] - - -City Hall - -The large gray stone structure on the southeast corner of Broad Street -is the City Hall. Dedicated in 1894, it was built on the site of the old -City Hall, erected in 1816 and condemned in 1874. This building contains -the offices of the Mayor, the City Manager and various municipal -departments. ¶ _Cross Broad and continue on Tenth to Capitol Street. -Turn right on Capitol one block to Ninth. Turn left on Ninth to entrance -of Capitol Square._ - - -Capitol Square - -Commanding the driveway stands the equestrian statue of Washington, -executed by Thomas Crawford and cast in Munich at a cost of $100,000. -Chief Justice John Marshall headed the committee to raise the -subscriptions, beginning the work in 1817 when the city boasted less -than 6,000 white inhabitants. The monument was unveiled in 1858. Around -the central figure of Washington are statues of some of Virginia’s -famous sons, builders of the nation as well as of their state: Patrick -Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, John Marshall, and -Andrew Lewis. It was at the base of this statue that the second -inauguration of Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederate States -of America took place, February 22, 1862. - - [Illustration: _Washington Monument_] - - -Capitol Building - -The central part of the Capitol was designed after the Maison Carrée at -Nimes by Thomas Jefferson while minister to France from the United -States. The original part was commenced in 1785 and finished about 1792, -and the wings were added, to give the legislators much-needed space, in -1905. In the rotunda in the old central part, you will see the most -celebrated work of the great French sculptor, Houdon—the life-size -statue of Washington, the only one posed from life which is in existence -today. It was placed here in 1788. Here also is a head of Lafayette by -Houdon. Virginia has made this rotunda her Hall of Presidents by placing -here busts of her other seven native sons who have become chief -executives of the United States. - -Opening off the rotunda is the old hall of the House of Delegates, where -Aaron Burr, in 1807, was tried for treason before Chief Justice -Marshall. In this hall occurred a great tragedy in 1870, when the -balcony gave way because too large a crowd of people had packed every -inch to hear a trial of deep local interest. Sixty-three were killed and -two hundred and sixty injured. The hall has been restored to its -original appearance. Where his statue now stands, Robert E. Lee, on -April 23, 1861, accepted the command of Virginia’s forces. Here met the -Confederate House of Representatives from 1861-65. The present Virginia -Senate and House of Delegates meet in modern chambers in the two wings. - - [Illustration: _State Capitol Building_] - - -State Buildings - -Leaving the Capitol by the main door, you see on the left the modern -State office building and the Finance Building on the terrace. In the -basement at the South end of the Finance Building is an interesting -museum containing exhibits of Virginia’s natural resources, agricultural -products and wild life. - - -Governor’s Mansion - -Swinging around the Capitol, you come to the Federal-style Governor’s -Mansion, erected in 1811-13. From 1788 to 1811 the governors of Virginia -had to live in a two-story wooden structure, ironically called “The -Palace,” located on the same site as the present building. Just outside -the Capitol Square, to the north, you will see the new State Library and -Supreme Court of Appeals building. ¶ _Leave Capitol Square by same gate -through which you entered, stopping on Grace just across Ninth._ - - [Illustration: _Governor’s Mansion_] - - -St. Paul’s Church - -Situated here at Ninth and Grace is St. Paul’s Episcopal Church. General -Robert E. Lee worshipped here whenever he was in Richmond during the War -Between the States, as did President Jefferson Davis regularly. Up an -aisle to this church on Sunday, April 2, 1865, strode a messenger to -President Davis’ pew. Davis quietly left the church. The message told -him that Petersburg had fallen, that Richmond must be evacuated. The -church is filled with memorials of many kinds, and is referred to by -some as “The Westminster of Richmond.” ¶ _Proceed westward on Grace to -Seventh Street._ - - [Illustration: _St. Paul’s Church_] - -Grace Street, for several blocks west, is one of Richmond’s newest -downtown retail shopping centers. Once a residential section, it now -takes its place with Broad Street (one block to the right) as a major -business thoroughfare. ¶ _Turn right on Seventh three blocks to Clay. -Turn left on Clay to Sixth._ - - -Sixth Street Market - -Country produce and Negro flower-sellers combine to make this a colorful -sight in the vicinity of Marshall and Sixth Streets. ¶ _Continue on -Sixth three blocks to Grace. Turn right at Grace. Proceed west on Grace -to end of 1100 block and turn left on Lombardy one block to Monument -Avenue. Turn right; halt._ - - -Monument Avenue - -Here begins Monument Avenue, the continuation of Franklin Street, the -newer section of the thoroughfare that has long been a main residential -street of the city. This avenue takes its name from monuments to -Confederate leaders. - - -J. E. B. Stuart Monument - -This statue by Fred Moynihan shows General Stuart, the great cavalry -leader, in a typically dashing pose. Stuart was one of the most colorful -men in the Confederacy, once riding his men eighty miles in 27 hours, -another time riding around McClellan’s whole army—always courageous, -always gay. ¶ _Proceed westward one block on Monument to Allen Avenue._ - - -Lee Monument - -Only three letters mark this monument—Lee. The South felt no more were -needed. This marvelous likeness of General Lee on “Traveller” was -sculptured by the French artist, Jean Antoine Mercie, and was unveiled -by Lee’s West Point classmate and friend, General Joseph E. Johnston, on -May 30, 1890. Arrived in Richmond, the statue was drawn to its location -by schoolchildren. ¶ _Proceed westward on Monument four blocks to Davis -Avenue._ - - [Illustration: _Lee Monument_] - - -Davis Monument - -The monument to Jefferson Davis, sculptured by E. V. Valentine, shows -the President of the Confederacy in the posture of oratory. Around the -monument are excerpts from this most notable speeches. ¶ _Proceed -westward on Monument three blocks to the Boulevard._ - - [Illustration: _Jefferson Davis Monument_] - - -First Baptist Church - -On your left, at Monument Avenue and the Boulevard, is First Baptist -Church, one of Richmond’s numerous large churches. - - -Jackson Monument - -This monument to Thomas J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson, the sculpture for -which is the work of F. William Sievers, shows him mounted on “Sorrel,” -facing north, because he so resolutely opposed the Northern army. -Jackson, whose brilliant strategy is studied today by soldiers the world -over, was a stern, Cromwellian type of commander in strange contrast to -the dashing Stuart. Lee called him his “right arm,” and no one has ever -been able to estimate the severity of the blow his death dealt the -Southern cause. ¶ _Continue westward on Monument to Belmont._ - - -Maury Monument - -Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury (F. William Sievers was the sculptor -for this monument), is not as well known to the average citizen as he -deserves to be, but sailors on all the seas know his work and are -grateful for it. He is known as “The Pathfinder of the Seas” because he -charted the oceans with such accuracy that even today the Pilot Charts -issued by the Hydrographic Office of the Navy Department are founded on -his researches. In the house which still stands close to the present -Valentine Museum, Maury, seeking ways that would enable his pathetically -small Confederate Navy to be effective against the Union gunboats, -invented the submarine electrical torpedo. ¶ _U-turn around the -monument; proceed eastward on Monument one block to Sheppard; right on -Sheppard three blocks to Kensington; proceed left on Kensington to the -Boulevard; turn right._ - - [Illustration: _Battle Abbey, Confederate Memorial Institute_] - - -Battle Abbey - -The Battle Abbey, or Confederate Memorial Institute, houses a large -collection of portraits of Confederate officers, and collections of -Confederate battle flags, arms and equipment, but is chiefly -distinguished for its very beautiful series of mural paintings of -Confederate scenes by the French artist, Charles Hoffbauer. The artist -had done much of his preliminary work when he was called back to fight -for France in 1914. When he returned to Richmond after the war, -Hoffbauer painted out all he had previously done and painted war as only -one who had been through it could. Since 1946 the Abbey has been the -property of the Virginia Historical Society. ¶ _Proceed on the Boulevard -to Grove._ - - -Virginia Museum of Fine Arts - - [Illustration: _Virginia Museum of Fine Arts_] - -This State institution, opened in January, 1936, houses the famous John -Barton Payne collections of paintings and prints; the T. Catesby Jones -collection of twentieth century European paintings, the Glasgow -collection of European Renaissance art, and the fabulous Lillian Thomas -Pratt collection of Russian jewelry. The Museum and collections are -valued at more than $5,000,000. In addition to its collections, it -conducts a regular program of specially assembled exhibitions, lectures -and concerts. The museum is the largest art museum in the South and has -gained a national reputation because of its biennial exhibitions of -contemporary American paintings as well as many other special -exhibitions. ¶ _Proceed on the Boulevard two blocks to Ellwood Avenue, -turn right on Ellwood six blocks to Nansemond. Turn left on Nansemond -one block to Cary Street. Turn right on Cary to central entrance of -Windsor Farms residential area. (Street is marked Windsor Way). Proceed -through Windsor Farms to Virginia House on Sulgrave Road at Wakefield -Road._ - - -Virginia House - - [Illustration: _Virginia House_] - -Virginia House, home of the late Ambassador and Mrs. Alexander W. -Weddell, is built of materials they brought from Warwick Priory, -Warwick, England, in 1925. The central section is a reproduction of the -Tudor portion of Warwick Priory, founded by the first Earl of Warwick; -the right-hand section is an exact replica of the only portion of -Sulgrave Manor which remains as it was at the time Lawrence Washington -occupied it as his manor house. The royal coat of arms may be seen over -a second-story window to your right. The arms were conferred to show -that the house had given shelter to Queen Elizabeth in 1572. The house -is now the property of the Virginia Historical Society. ¶ _Pull up about -100 yards._ - - -Agecroft Hall - -Agecroft was originally built in Lancashire, England, about 1393, -brought to Richmond and faithfully rebuilt here in 1925. The old plaster -and timber house was the seat of the Langleys, a branch of the royal -Plantagenets. Some of its most beautiful features are an oriel window -and the great hall with gallery for minstrels, paneled with oak and -lighted by stained glass windows. The house is eventually to go to the -city as a generously endowed art museum. ¶ _Return to Cary Street Road, -turn left, proceed westward to Wilton Road, turn left, proceed to -entrance to Wilton (marked) at end of thoroughfare._ - - [Illustration: _Country Club of Virginia_] - - -Wilton - -This stately house was built in 1753 for William Randolph III on a site -overlooking the James about six miles below Richmond. The Colonial Dames -of America in the State of Virginia bought it several years ago to save -the beautiful paneling from being sold out of Virginia, and had it -faithfully rebuilt here on another site overlooking the James. ¶ _Return -to Cary Street Road, turn left and proceed westward to intersection of -Cary Street Road and Three Chopt Road._ - - -Country Club of Virginia - -This is Richmond’s largest country club, although there are other -private clubs and public golf courses. The Country Club of Virginia -boasts one eighteen-hole golf course and one short course at this club, -and a very fine eighteen-hole course up the James River, where the Club -has another smaller clubhouse, skeet shooting traps and river sports. ¶ -_Continue out Three Chopt Road to Towana Road, which leads to the -University of Richmond._ - - -University of Richmond - - [Illustration: _Social Center and Gymnasium · University of - Richmond_] - -The University of Richmond includes Richmond College, a college of -liberal arts and sciences for men; Westhampton College, offering the -same courses to women; the T. C. Williams School of Law for professional -study; and the Evening School of Business Administration. We pass -through the men’s college, and across the lake to the women’s college. ¶ -_Proceed on out of Westhampton College to River Road, turn left on River -Road back to Cary Street Road, right on Cary back to Boulevard, right on -Boulevard to Columbus Monument, Byrd Park._ - - -Columbus Monument - -This monument was erected by the Italians of Richmond. The park includes -tennis courts, playgrounds, acres of woodland, and a small boating lake -to your left. Southeast of this point lies Shields Lake, the mecca of -Richmond swimmers in the summer, and beyond that “Maymont,” the city’s -most beautiful park. ¶ _Turn right, proceed around reservoir._ - - -World War I Memorial - -This carillon is Virginia’s memorial to her dead of World War I. The -bells were imported from England. A museum containing relics of that -costly European struggle is located in a room at the base of the tower. -¶ _Return north on Boulevard to Monument Avenue, turn right on Monument, -which becomes Franklin Street upon reaching Stuart Circle. Continue east -to Laurel Street._ - - [Illustration: _World War I Memorial · The Carillon_] - - -Monroe Park - - [Illustration: _Richmond’s Civic Center (The Mosque)_] - -On the right is one of the many municipal parks, most of which are -located outside the heavily built-up part of the city. Looking through -the park you can see Richmond’s Civic Center, The Mosque, where -conventions, exhibitions, concerts and other events are held. It -contains an auditorium seating 5,000 persons. ¶ _Proceed eastward on -Franklin, halting between Madison and Henry Streets._ - - -Commonwealth Club - -Here at “The Commonwealth,” the mid-town men’s club of the city, the -Richmond German Club gives the “Germans,” which are the most formal and -unusual features of Richmond’s social life, somewhat comparable to the -Philadelphia Assemblies and Charleston’s St. Cecilias. ¶ _Continue -eastward on Franklin to First Street._ - - -City Library - -The modern building on the southeast corner is the main City Library, a -gift to the city, of the late James H. Dooley. It was built in 1930 on -the site of the birthplace of James Branch Cabell, Virginia author. The -library has nearly 200,000 catalogued volumes, pamphlets, periodicals, -recordings and sheet music. ¶ _Continue eastward on Franklin, halting -briefly between Second and Third Streets._ - - [Illustration: _City Library_] - - -Woman’s Club - -The Woman’s Club has preserved this comfortable nineteenth century home -by adding a larger auditorium at the back and making it their clubhouse, -where are heard many of the distinguished lecturers and artists of -today. - - * * * * * * * - - -Richmond Battlefield Parks - -It is interesting to tour Richmond’s Battlefield Park, which embraces -the fields covered during the Seven Days’ Campaign (June 26-July 2, -1862) and at Second Cold Harbor, May 31-June 3, 1864. The battlefields -of Fort Harrison, Malvern Hill, Frayser’s Farm, Savage Station, Fair -Oaks, Seven Pines, Cold Harbor, Gaines’ Mill, and Mechanicsville may be -toured. Fort Harrison, six miles east of the city is Park Headquarters. -An interesting museum is located there. - - - - - Richmond Ideal for Conventions - - -Historical shrines of world-wide interest, excellent transportation -service, splendid modern hotels, and every facility available for -successful meetings have made Richmond one of the outstanding convention -centers of America. Delegates attending conventions here have a wide -choice of selecting their entertainment programs. Some enjoy trips to -Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown, historic Hampton Roads and Fort -Monroe, the beautiful Skyline Drive, the battlefields surrounding the -city and the many diversified industrial plants, while others -participate in their favorite sport or seek diversions in the many forms -of entertainment to be had. - -Proximity to the centers of the population, coupled with other numerous -advantages, has resulted in record-breaking attendance at meetings here. - -In Richmond, Capital of the Old South, an industrial, commercial, -educational and financial center of the new, nothing is left undone to -make every convention meeting in this city successful and enjoyable. - - * * * * * * * - - - - - RICHMOND TODAY! - - -_POPULATION_ of approximately 360,000 in the metropolitan area with an -average increase 7,000 per year since 1940. - -_INDUSTRIAL RANK_ of 5th in the nation in relative gain in net value of -manufactured products from 1929 to 1947. - -_CIGARETTE CAPITAL_ of the Nation, with annual output of more than 110 -billion cigarettes—enough to reach the moon and back 10 times, or -encircle the earth 180 times. - -_PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES_ in order of employment rank: cigarettes and other -tobacco products, chemical products including rayon and cellophane, food -and kindred products, furniture and wood products, metals and metal -products, apparel and textile products, paper and paper products, -printing and publishing. - -_TRADE CENTER_ of the South Atlantic region, ranking 35th in retail -sales, 29th in wholesale sales, among principal cities of the Nation. - -_FINANCIAL CENTER_ and headquarters of the 5th Federal Reserve District; -11 other banks and trust companies; home office of 32 insurance -companies. - -_TRANSPORTATION GATEWAY_ with 6 trunk-line railroads, 5 air lines, 6 -inter-city bus lines, 50 motor freight carriers, and water freight -service on the James River. - -_BALANCED ECONOMY_ with employment widely diversified and strong -consumer goods industries result in unusual economic stability and -resistance to fluctuations in the national business cycle. - -_RECREATIONAL:_ 1 public and 5 private golf courses, 30 theatres, a -stadium for athletics, municipal swimming pool, a Civic Center for -opera, large conventions, etc., seating 5,000; 18 parks and 43 -playgrounds. - -_CLIMATE:_ Equable climate with average temperature, 57.9 degrees F.; -mean annual rainfall, 42.02 inches. - -_EDUCATIONAL:_ University of Richmond, Medical College of Virginia, -Richmond Professional Institute of College of William and Mary, Union -Theological Seminary, Presbyterian Training School, Virginia Union -University (Colored), 16 private and 14 parochial schools, 4 business -colleges, 52 public school buildings, state and municipal libraries, -numerous museums, etc. - -_MEDICAL CENTER:_ Institutions and specialists of wide renown. Medical -College of Virginia—with schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and -nursing; 17 hospitals with 3,527 beds. - - -The Williamsburg-Yorktown-Jamestown Area - - [Illustration: _The Governor’s Palace at Williamsburg_] - -Only an hour’s drive southeast of Richmond on Route 60 is the most -historic area to be found anywhere in America. - -Here is Williamsburg, the former center of English culture in the new -world, almost completely restored to its eighteenth century appearance. -Here you will see the historic Colonial Capitol, The Governor’s Palace -and its beautiful grounds, the famous Raleigh Tavern, the Public Gaol, -the famed Sir Christopher Wren Building of the College of William and -Mary and many other colonial structures restored through the beneficence -of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. - -Seven miles from Williamsburg is Jamestown Island where in 1607 the -first permanent settlement of English speaking people in the New World -was established. A ruined tower of an early Colonial church still stands -here, and many interesting relics are on display in the grounds which -are under the supervision of the Association for the Preservation of -Virginia Antiquities. - -Yorktown is only fifteen miles from Williamsburg. This famous little -town which saw a great nation come into being bears a great heritage. It -was here that proud Lord Cornwallis was forced to surrender to General -George Washington and his continental forces in 1781. The original -fortifications erected during the great siege of Yorktown have been -restored. Historic buildings and relics of the Revolution make Yorktown -a spot which every American citizen should visit. - -Less than an hour’s drive from the Colonial Williamsburg area is Hampton -Roads, an important channel through which the waters of three rivers -pass into the Chesapeake Bay. Fort Monroe, on Old Point Comfort, and -Fort Wool, on an island in the channel, defend the entrance from the -Bay. It was in Hampton Roads that the first battle between iron-clad -vessels, the _Monitor_ and the _Merrimac_, took place on March 9, 1862. -President Lincoln, Secretary Seward and Confederate commissioners held -their “Hampton Roads Conference” on a steamer near Fort Monroe on -February 3, 1865. - -Be sure to visit Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown and the Hampton Roads -area during your visit to Richmond, for nowhere else may you cover as -much historic and hallowed ground in a single day. This famous area may -be reached quickly and conveniently. Ask for information which will -facilitate your trip there. - - [Illustration: _Jamestown Tower_] - - - - - THE JEFFERSON - - - [Illustration: The Jefferson] - -Whether you’re traveling on business or pleasure, you’ll enjoy every -minute of your stay at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond. Long a center of -social and cultural life in Virginia, this famous recently-restored -hotel merges the traditions of the past with present-day beauty, -convenience and hospitality. - -Among the things which will make your visit enjoyable are the -Jefferson’s world-famous Lobby ... the luxurious Empire Room ... -Jefferson Court with its renowned statue of Thomas Jefferson ... the new -Fountain Room and the efficient, beautifully-appointed Coffee Shop ... -the handsome, spacious Auditorium and Banquet Rooms ... the lovely Guest -Rooms and the Jefferson’s traditional hospitality and service. - -The Jefferson is located just outside the noisy section of the city, yet -within easy walking distance of theatres, shopping district and -financial section. It is convenient to all forms of transportation. Free -parking space is provided. Rates range from $3.50. - - - _For further information communicate with_ - THE HOTEL JEFFERSON - JAMES M. POWELL, _Manager_ - Richmond, Virginia - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Tour of Historic Richmond, by -Frances Leight Williams - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - -***** This file should be named 60247-0.txt or 60247-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/4/60247/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: A Tour of Historic Richmond - -Author: Frances Leight Williams - -Release Date: September 6, 2019 [EBook #60247] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - _A Tour of - Historic Richmond_ - - - ALL ILLUSTRATIONS COPYRIGHT 1940 BY WHITTET & SHEPPERSON - - [Illustration: Richmond] - - _Broad Street Station_ - HOTEL WILLIAM BYRD - HOTEL JOHN MARSHALL - HOTEL RICHMOND - HOTEL KING CARTER - _Capital Square_ - - - - - _Richmond--Her Story and Her Spirit_ - - -Richmond--Capital of the Cavaliers--a city that is mellow and yet -modern, where the rustle of the past may still be heard amid the bustle -of the present. - -To appreciate Richmond one must, before all else, remember that this old -town has roots planted deep in the history of our country. Richmond was -founded in 1737 by William Byrd II, of Westover on the James, forefather -of two of Virginia's illustrious sons of today, Admiral Richard Evelyn -Byrd and Senator Harry Flood Byrd. But even before Father Byrd laid off -his lots and established Richmond, this site at the falls of the James -River had held a certain degree of importance. Just a few weeks after -the Virginia settlers landed at Jamestown on May 13, 1607, to found the -first permanent English settlement in America, Captain Newport pushed -off up the James to find the route to the gold of the Indies. The -barrier of rocks, known as the falls of the James, must have been an -unwelcome sight to the eyes of that little band of intrepid explorers as -it shattered their dream of easy passage to their expected El Dorado. -Captain Newport, however, was the first of the Virginians to believe -that no hoped-for golden future should stop a man from doing the -sensible, practical things of the moment. Before very long, Captain -Francis West had established a frontier post at the point where the -falls interrupted further navigation of the river. It is hard to realize -that Richmond was once on the western frontier of our country, but such -was the case until about 1660, when settlers began that westward push -that only ended when the Pacific was reached. - -Richmond has seen much of the thrilling history of our country unfold. -She was a promising village when George Washington and the son of her -founder, Colonel Byrd, successfully led Virginia's two regiments with -the troops of her sister colonies and the British regulars in the French -and Indian war. She was hostess to that brilliant group of patriots who -gathered in St. John's Church in 1775 to discuss what methods could be -taken to avert war with England, only to have Patrick Henry, grown sick -of futile measures which obtained no justice for the colonists, rise to -advocate the arming of the Virginia militia and utter those words which -made him the embodiment of man's immortal will to freedom: "Give me -liberty or give me death." She was the capital of the State from which -Thomas Jefferson, Governor of Virginia, had to flee to prevent capture -when Benedict Arnold swooped down on Richmond in 1781 and occupied the -city for the British in America's war for independence. Cornwallis -visited it later in the same year. She was a thriving center of commerce -in 1812 when the city was often alarmed by the news that the British -were coming again, and in 1846 when her "Grays" were accepted for -service in the Mexican War. She was the capital of the Confederate -States of America from 1861-65, the hope of the South and the despair of -the North for those four long, bloody, heart-breaking years. The best -commanders, the most immense armies the Federal government could -furnish, hammered, hammered at Richmond, while the South's bravest -hearts and keenest minds stood with their backs often at the very walls -of the city, but would not let them pass. No city in America ever has or -ever will be again so completely the goal of the whole American people. -Those years and the ones that followed taught Richmond something that as -a city she will never forget--that courage can rise above everything. -The incredible sacrifices of Richmond people in that time knit the -citizens together with bonds that even time cannot sunder. She was again -prompt to the call of duty in 1898 when the country was challenged with -outside danger, and once more poured forth her sons and funds in World -War I; also in World War II she gave liberally of her sons and daughters -and resources. - -Those wars through which Richmond has lived are but distressing -landmarks on the long trail our country has traveled. Her contribution -has been equally as great in times of peace. In fact, probably her -greatest contribution has been her way of life--a way based on the -belief that the best of the old must be kept and adapted to fit in with -the best of the new. The city has grown steadily; has been rebuilt after -three destructions by fire. Today Richmond is a commercial, industrial, -financial, medical and educational center of the South, and one of the -fastest growing industrial centers in the nation. Richmond's industry -has been stable and resistant to wide fluctuations in business cycle. - -Cities, after all, are but larger patterns of individual people. People -who have been tested by time and tribulation and yet come out smiling, -full of faith and courage, never fail to command our admiration. That -Richmond has done this, we submit as our plea for your appreciation of -our old city. - -The people of Richmond have made the city and in turn been made by it. -No one can long live in the mellowness of Richmond without feeling that -here is a calm that is not dead but gay, an ease and a friendliness that -is real and not assumed, a determination to build always for the future -but never to forget the heritage of the past which is our inspiration, a -will to be of such a quality that we cannot fail to give strength to the -nation, going always forward in the spirit of those who would surmount -the obstacles of the present in order to attain goals inspired by ideals -of right and justice. - - - - - A Tour of Historic Richmond - - -Happily, Richmond has preserved much of her charm of a bygone day, -despite the fact that she has kept step with the times. Innumerable -shrines remain to remind the visitor of the dramatic part played by the -city in the making of the nation. In virtually every quarter of the town -will be found reminders of the past--public buildings, homes and -gardens, memorials to her sons and daughters; in short, showplaces of -wide interest to those who would acquaint themselves with the history of -a section visited by Englishmen soon after the establishment of a -settlement at Jamestown. - -The tour has been planned on a geographic basis to permit as much as -possible to be seen. It is almost impossible to sightsee chronologically -in Richmond, as our forefathers built where they wished and not -according to a city plan. The result is that the old buildings of -Richmond are scattered quite widely. Leaving the heart of the city, we -drive to the intersection of Third and Main streets and proceed south on -Third to the end of the street, where we come to Gamble's Hill Park. - - -Gamble's Hill Park - -Below you rolls "the mighty James," the father of Virginia's history, -along the banks of which Richmond had her beginning. In 1645 Fort -Charles was erected here at the falls of the James to protect the -Tidewater settlers from the incursions of the Indians. The cross, -planted on rugged boulders or river-jacks from the James, was erected -here by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities in -memory of the valiant little group of explorers, who landed on an island -below this point on May 24, 1607. - -Across the ravine on the extreme right is the State penitentiary, ably -run along modern lines. - -Bringing your eyes along the crest of the same hill sloping down towards -the river, you will see Hollywood Cemetery, where lie buried two -Presidents of the United States, James Monroe and John Tyler; the -President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis; General -J. E. B. Stuart, Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury, "the pathfinder of -the seas;" Fitzhugh Lee (General R. E. Lee is buried in Lexington, -Virginia); George E. Pickett and some 18,000 Confederate soldiers, -including the Virginians who fell in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg. - -Immediately beneath Gamble's Hill curve are the remains of the once -vital Kanawha Canal, Virginia's earliest great westward transportation -system, of which George Washington was the first president in 1785. - -Across the canal is the Tredegar Company, iron manufacturers, which has -rounded out more than a century of service, having furnished munitions -in the country's last four wars. Here was rolled the armor-plate for the -"Merrimac," which, with the "Monitor," made history in Hampton Roads in -the first battle between iron-clads. - -Leaving the park we pass on our left a remarkable structure, known as -Pratt's castle, constructed in the 1850's. _Proceed on Fourth Street -to Canal, right on Canal to Fifth, left on Fifth to Main._ - - -Old Homes - -Here on Fifth Street, between Cary and Main, are several examples of the -stately houses which made life in Richmond in the nineteenth century the -gracious thing that it was. On your right are two old homes which have -passed from the hands of the families that built and loved them. At the -southeast corner of Main and Fifth Streets used to stand the Allan home -where Edgar Allan Poe lived to young manhood with his foster parents. On -the northwest corner of Fifth and Main Streets is an interesting -octagonal house, built prior to 1814 by an early mayor of Richmond. -_Proceed on Fifth to Franklin, right on Franklin to 707 East Franklin._ - - -General Lee's Home - -This upright house, typical of many built by the wealthier Richmonders -in the early nineteenth century, was lent to General Robert E. Lee as a -home for himself when he could be in Richmond and for his family during -the latter years of the War Between the States. It is now the home of -the Virginia Historical Society, which has built a fireproof structure -in the rear for its priceless collection of papers. Many interesting -things on view here merit a visit. _Proceed east on Franklin to Ninth -Street._ - - -Federal Reserve Bank - -On your left, from Eighth to Ninth on Franklin Street, is situated the -Federal Reserve Bank for the Fifth District, which embraces Virginia, -North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and -part of West Virginia. _Intersection of Franklin and Ninth._ - - -Old Bell Tower - - [Illustration: _Old Bell Tower_] - -Here you get your first view of the State Capitol and its grounds, but -at this time confine your interest to the quaint structure directly -ahead. It is the old Bell Tower, built in 1824 to replace the wooden -tower from which had pealed forth the call to colors for regular and -volunteer troops to defend Richmond from expected attacks. _Right on -Ninth to Main Street._ - - -Financial District - -You are now in the heart of Richmond's financial district. Many banking -houses, however, are situated in other parts of the city. - - -Post Office - -One block to your left, on Main Street is the Federal building in which -are located the United States Post Office and customs house. A part of -this building was erected before the War Between the States and housed -the executive offices of President Jefferson Davis and several members -of his cabinet. Next to it is the city's parcel post building. -_Proceed south on Ninth Street across Main to Canal, left on Canal to -Fourteenth, right on Fourteenth to Bridge, halt._ - - -Site of John Smith Landing - -Before you stretches one of the four bridges connecting Richmond's north -and south sides of the James River. Beyond the bridge, near the huge -grain elevator, is where Capt. John Smith first landed in Richmond. The -land was originally purchased from Chief Powhatan. _Back (north) on -Fourteenth to Main and right on Main to Fifteenth._ - - -Southern Literary Messenger - -The southeast corner on your right is the site of the _Southern Literary -Messenger_ Building, where Edgar Allan Poe edited that magazine to -enduring fame. Across the street is the site of Bell Tavern, one of the -famous places of rendezvous in early Richmond and recruiting station -during the War of 1812. _Continue east on Main to Seventeenth._ - - -Old First Market - -Passing the Main Street Station (C. & O. and Seaboard) on the left, you -come to the Old Market. On this site, from the earliest days, the -farmers would gather to sell their produce to the city folk. To the left -of the market, Negro washerwomen used to spread their wash on the grassy -bank of Shockoe Creek, the frequent floods of which were the chief -excitement of the old town. The women chatted and lightened their work -by singing. The darkies' melodious voices, blending with the cries of -the food hawkers, must have made the market the gayest spot in Richmond. - _Continue on Main, halting three-fourths of the way between Nineteenth -and Twentieth._ - - -Poe Shrine - -On your left is the oldest house in Richmond, erected about 1686. On the -front wall may be seen the letters "J.R.," supposed to signify "Jacobus -Rex," James II, who was then King of England. The building is now a part -of the Edgar Allan Poe Foundation, which includes also the small -buildings on the left and right, in the three of which are housed much -Poe material and many articles relating to his residence in Richmond. In -the rear is an "enchanted garden" which leads to a classical loggia, -built chiefly of material from the former _Southern Literary Messenger_ -building. _Turn right on Twentieth to Cary._ - - [Illustration: _Poe Shrine_] - - -Libby Prison - -On the southeast corner of Cary stood Libby Prison, where thousands of -Federal prisoners were confined during the War Between the States. The -old warehouse-prison building was torn down and taken to Chicago to be -rebuilt for the World's Fair of 1893. - -You are now in the heart of the tobacco district of Richmond. For blocks -may be seen Richmond's famous "Tobacco Row." _Turn left on Cary to -Twenty-first, left on Twenty-first to Main, left on Main to Eighteenth -Street; right on Eighteenth one block to Franklin._ - - -Oldest Masonic Hall - -The wooden building on the right is the oldest Masonic hall in -continuous use in the United States which was built originally for -Masonic purposes. Governor Edmund Randolph was among the many prominent -Virginia Masons who participated in the corner-stone laying in 1785. -Lafayette was given a reception here in 1824 on his triumphal return -visit to the scenes where he had served in the American Revolution. -_Proceed east on Franklin, halting briefly between Twenty-first and -Twenty-second._ - -At the top of the hill to your left, you can see a typical old galleried -home of early Richmond, now incorporated in the buildings of Monte Maria -Roman Catholic Convent. _Turn right on Franklin at Twenty-third, go to -Main, turn right, then proceed to Twenty-first Street, turn right and -continue north to Broad, turn right on Broad, continue to -Twenty-fourth._ - -You are now entering Church Hill, Richmond's oldest residential section. - _Stop at Twenty-fourth and Broad, location of St. John's Church._ - - -St. John's Church (_Front Cover_) - -St. John's Episcopal Church, built in 1741, the oldest in the city, will -forever be famous as the place where Patrick Henry uttered his ringing -challenge for "Liberty or Death" to the American colonists. The second -Virginia convention met in St. John's, because it was the largest hall -in Richmond, in March, 1775, and even at that, the original was not half -the size of the enlarged present-day structure. It is worth your while -to get out here and let the sexton show you the church and tell you -briefly of its story. On the left, as you face the church, you will see -the grave of Elizabeth Arnold Poe, the tiny actress-mother of America's -great imaginative writer. Young Edgar Poe is said to have been found -more than once lying sobbing on his mother's grave. _Proceed east on -Broad to Twenty-eighth; right on Twenty-eighth two blocks to Franklin._ - - -Soldiers and Sailors Monument - -Here, at Libby Hill Park, is the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, erected -in 1894 as a memorial to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy. -The figure on the top is by William L. Sheppard. _Return to Broad -Street; turn left on Broad, halting between Thirteenth and Twelfth._ - - -Monumental Church - -This unusual-looking Episcopal church structure was built in 1812 as a -memorial to more than seventy persons, including the Governor of -Virginia, who lost their lives in a fire which destroyed a theatre on -this site on December 26, 1811. In this theatre Edgar Allan Poe's mother -had acted a few short months before, and in this same theatre the -Virginia Convention of 1788 had ratified the Federal Constitution. -_Proceed west on Broad (Passing Medical College of Virginia Hospital -Building) to Twelfth, turn right on Twelfth to Marshall, turn right on -Marshall to center of block._ - - [Illustration: _The Egyptian Building Medical College of - Virginia_] - - -Medical College of Virginia - -You are now in the center of the buildings of the Medical College of -Virginia which cover several city blocks. Particularly notable is the -concrete building on your right at the end of the block which is stated -to be "the most perfect example of Egyptian architecture in America." -Erected in 1845, it is the earliest in the Medical College group. This -is one of the oldest medical schools in the South and the only one to -remain open during the War Between the States. The buildings now -composing the Medical College group afford not only an imposing sight -but with their facilities contribute greatly to the importance of -Richmond as one of the leading medical centers of the country. _Circle -block to right, returning to Twelfth. Proceed north on Twelfth two -blocks to Clay, turn right on Clay._ - - -Confederate Museum - - [Illustration: _Confederate Museum (White House of the - Confederacy)_] - -This building, now the Confederate Museum, was the White House of the -Confederacy from 1861-65. Here lived President Jefferson Davis. Here -came the generals to confer, the couriers bearing news of the various -battles. Most fittingly, the women of the South have made this a -treasure-house of things Confederate. In the museum you may now see the -uniforms, swords, camp chest and multitudinous relics of Generals Robert -E. Lee, Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, J. E. B. -Stuart and most of the other Confederate heroes. The student of that -phase of our history finds here invaluable historical papers and files. - _Make a U-turn and proceed west on Clay to Eleventh._ - - -Valentine Museum - -This Museum of the Life and History of Richmond, founded by Mann S. -Valentine and opened in 1898, now includes four 19th century buildings. -The Wickham-Valentine House, designed by Robert Mills in 1812, is a -notable example of late Georgian architecture, with furnishings of that -period and of 1853, and with a walled garden that is restful and -beautiful in all seasons. The adjoining Museum building contains a -growing collection of permanent Richmond exhibits and the largest -costume department in the south. The Indian collection emphasizes -archaeological material from Virginia and North Carolina. Changing -exhibitions illustrate past and present city activities and interests. -Facing the garden is the Studio of the sculptor, Edward V. Valentine. -The Bransford-Cecil Memorial House, in the Greek Revival style of the -1840's, contains a gallery-lecture room; a Research Library, with -extensive pictorial material illustrating Richmond's history; and the -School Services' office and workrooms, where two staff members carry on -an organized statewide program of lectures, loans, and special projects -for children. _Proceed west on Clay to Eighth, turn left Eighth to -Marshall, turn left on Marshall._ - - [Illustration: _Wickham-Valentine House_] - - -John Marshall House - -On the northwest corner of Ninth and Marshall is John Marshall House. -This house, severely simple on the exterior, boasts a classic dignity -inside which proves that John Marshall, as well as his politically -different cousin, Thomas Jefferson, could design homes. The eminent -jurist himself designed this home. The house is now the property of the -Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, the first of -such societies in America. It is furnished with some of Marshall's -original furniture. You may see here the robe which Marshall wore as -Chief Justice of the United States. The large structure to the rear of -the house is John Marshall High School, one of Richmond's two public -high schools. _Continue on Marshall to Tenth, turn right on Tenth. -Continue on Tenth to Broad._ - - [Illustration: _John Marshall House_] - - -City Hall - -The large gray stone structure on the southeast corner of Broad Street -is the City Hall. Dedicated in 1894, it was built on the site of the old -City Hall, erected in 1816 and condemned in 1874. This building contains -the offices of the Mayor, the City Manager and various municipal -departments. _Cross Broad and continue on Tenth to Capitol Street. -Turn right on Capitol one block to Ninth. Turn left on Ninth to entrance -of Capitol Square._ - - -Capitol Square - -Commanding the driveway stands the equestrian statue of Washington, -executed by Thomas Crawford and cast in Munich at a cost of $100,000. -Chief Justice John Marshall headed the committee to raise the -subscriptions, beginning the work in 1817 when the city boasted less -than 6,000 white inhabitants. The monument was unveiled in 1858. Around -the central figure of Washington are statues of some of Virginia's -famous sons, builders of the nation as well as of their state: Patrick -Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, John Marshall, and -Andrew Lewis. It was at the base of this statue that the second -inauguration of Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederate States -of America took place, February 22, 1862. - - [Illustration: _Washington Monument_] - - -Capitol Building - -The central part of the Capitol was designed after the Maison Carre at -Nimes by Thomas Jefferson while minister to France from the United -States. The original part was commenced in 1785 and finished about 1792, -and the wings were added, to give the legislators much-needed space, in -1905. In the rotunda in the old central part, you will see the most -celebrated work of the great French sculptor, Houdon--the life-size -statue of Washington, the only one posed from life which is in existence -today. It was placed here in 1788. Here also is a head of Lafayette by -Houdon. Virginia has made this rotunda her Hall of Presidents by placing -here busts of her other seven native sons who have become chief -executives of the United States. - -Opening off the rotunda is the old hall of the House of Delegates, where -Aaron Burr, in 1807, was tried for treason before Chief Justice -Marshall. In this hall occurred a great tragedy in 1870, when the -balcony gave way because too large a crowd of people had packed every -inch to hear a trial of deep local interest. Sixty-three were killed and -two hundred and sixty injured. The hall has been restored to its -original appearance. Where his statue now stands, Robert E. Lee, on -April 23, 1861, accepted the command of Virginia's forces. Here met the -Confederate House of Representatives from 1861-65. The present Virginia -Senate and House of Delegates meet in modern chambers in the two wings. - - [Illustration: _State Capitol Building_] - - -State Buildings - -Leaving the Capitol by the main door, you see on the left the modern -State office building and the Finance Building on the terrace. In the -basement at the South end of the Finance Building is an interesting -museum containing exhibits of Virginia's natural resources, agricultural -products and wild life. - - -Governor's Mansion - -Swinging around the Capitol, you come to the Federal-style Governor's -Mansion, erected in 1811-13. From 1788 to 1811 the governors of Virginia -had to live in a two-story wooden structure, ironically called "The -Palace," located on the same site as the present building. Just outside -the Capitol Square, to the north, you will see the new State Library and -Supreme Court of Appeals building. _Leave Capitol Square by same gate -through which you entered, stopping on Grace just across Ninth._ - - [Illustration: _Governor's Mansion_] - - -St. Paul's Church - -Situated here at Ninth and Grace is St. Paul's Episcopal Church. General -Robert E. Lee worshipped here whenever he was in Richmond during the War -Between the States, as did President Jefferson Davis regularly. Up an -aisle to this church on Sunday, April 2, 1865, strode a messenger to -President Davis' pew. Davis quietly left the church. The message told -him that Petersburg had fallen, that Richmond must be evacuated. The -church is filled with memorials of many kinds, and is referred to by -some as "The Westminster of Richmond." _Proceed westward on Grace to -Seventh Street._ - - [Illustration: _St. Paul's Church_] - -Grace Street, for several blocks west, is one of Richmond's newest -downtown retail shopping centers. Once a residential section, it now -takes its place with Broad Street (one block to the right) as a major -business thoroughfare. _Turn right on Seventh three blocks to Clay. -Turn left on Clay to Sixth._ - - -Sixth Street Market - -Country produce and Negro flower-sellers combine to make this a colorful -sight in the vicinity of Marshall and Sixth Streets. _Continue on -Sixth three blocks to Grace. Turn right at Grace. Proceed west on Grace -to end of 1100 block and turn left on Lombardy one block to Monument -Avenue. Turn right; halt._ - - -Monument Avenue - -Here begins Monument Avenue, the continuation of Franklin Street, the -newer section of the thoroughfare that has long been a main residential -street of the city. This avenue takes its name from monuments to -Confederate leaders. - - -J. E. B. Stuart Monument - -This statue by Fred Moynihan shows General Stuart, the great cavalry -leader, in a typically dashing pose. Stuart was one of the most colorful -men in the Confederacy, once riding his men eighty miles in 27 hours, -another time riding around McClellan's whole army--always courageous, -always gay. _Proceed westward one block on Monument to Allen Avenue._ - - -Lee Monument - -Only three letters mark this monument--Lee. The South felt no more were -needed. This marvelous likeness of General Lee on "Traveller" was -sculptured by the French artist, Jean Antoine Mercie, and was unveiled -by Lee's West Point classmate and friend, General Joseph E. Johnston, on -May 30, 1890. Arrived in Richmond, the statue was drawn to its location -by schoolchildren. _Proceed westward on Monument four blocks to Davis -Avenue._ - - [Illustration: _Lee Monument_] - - -Davis Monument - -The monument to Jefferson Davis, sculptured by E. V. Valentine, shows -the President of the Confederacy in the posture of oratory. Around the -monument are excerpts from this most notable speeches. _Proceed -westward on Monument three blocks to the Boulevard._ - - [Illustration: _Jefferson Davis Monument_] - - -First Baptist Church - -On your left, at Monument Avenue and the Boulevard, is First Baptist -Church, one of Richmond's numerous large churches. - - -Jackson Monument - -This monument to Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson, the sculpture for -which is the work of F. William Sievers, shows him mounted on "Sorrel," -facing north, because he so resolutely opposed the Northern army. -Jackson, whose brilliant strategy is studied today by soldiers the world -over, was a stern, Cromwellian type of commander in strange contrast to -the dashing Stuart. Lee called him his "right arm," and no one has ever -been able to estimate the severity of the blow his death dealt the -Southern cause. _Continue westward on Monument to Belmont._ - - -Maury Monument - -Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury (F. William Sievers was the sculptor -for this monument), is not as well known to the average citizen as he -deserves to be, but sailors on all the seas know his work and are -grateful for it. He is known as "The Pathfinder of the Seas" because he -charted the oceans with such accuracy that even today the Pilot Charts -issued by the Hydrographic Office of the Navy Department are founded on -his researches. In the house which still stands close to the present -Valentine Museum, Maury, seeking ways that would enable his pathetically -small Confederate Navy to be effective against the Union gunboats, -invented the submarine electrical torpedo. _U-turn around the -monument; proceed eastward on Monument one block to Sheppard; right on -Sheppard three blocks to Kensington; proceed left on Kensington to the -Boulevard; turn right._ - - [Illustration: _Battle Abbey, Confederate Memorial Institute_] - - -Battle Abbey - -The Battle Abbey, or Confederate Memorial Institute, houses a large -collection of portraits of Confederate officers, and collections of -Confederate battle flags, arms and equipment, but is chiefly -distinguished for its very beautiful series of mural paintings of -Confederate scenes by the French artist, Charles Hoffbauer. The artist -had done much of his preliminary work when he was called back to fight -for France in 1914. When he returned to Richmond after the war, -Hoffbauer painted out all he had previously done and painted war as only -one who had been through it could. Since 1946 the Abbey has been the -property of the Virginia Historical Society. _Proceed on the Boulevard -to Grove._ - - -Virginia Museum of Fine Arts - - [Illustration: _Virginia Museum of Fine Arts_] - -This State institution, opened in January, 1936, houses the famous John -Barton Payne collections of paintings and prints; the T. Catesby Jones -collection of twentieth century European paintings, the Glasgow -collection of European Renaissance art, and the fabulous Lillian Thomas -Pratt collection of Russian jewelry. The Museum and collections are -valued at more than $5,000,000. In addition to its collections, it -conducts a regular program of specially assembled exhibitions, lectures -and concerts. The museum is the largest art museum in the South and has -gained a national reputation because of its biennial exhibitions of -contemporary American paintings as well as many other special -exhibitions. _Proceed on the Boulevard two blocks to Ellwood Avenue, -turn right on Ellwood six blocks to Nansemond. Turn left on Nansemond -one block to Cary Street. Turn right on Cary to central entrance of -Windsor Farms residential area. (Street is marked Windsor Way). Proceed -through Windsor Farms to Virginia House on Sulgrave Road at Wakefield -Road._ - - -Virginia House - - [Illustration: _Virginia House_] - -Virginia House, home of the late Ambassador and Mrs. Alexander W. -Weddell, is built of materials they brought from Warwick Priory, -Warwick, England, in 1925. The central section is a reproduction of the -Tudor portion of Warwick Priory, founded by the first Earl of Warwick; -the right-hand section is an exact replica of the only portion of -Sulgrave Manor which remains as it was at the time Lawrence Washington -occupied it as his manor house. The royal coat of arms may be seen over -a second-story window to your right. The arms were conferred to show -that the house had given shelter to Queen Elizabeth in 1572. The house -is now the property of the Virginia Historical Society. _Pull up about -100 yards._ - - -Agecroft Hall - -Agecroft was originally built in Lancashire, England, about 1393, -brought to Richmond and faithfully rebuilt here in 1925. The old plaster -and timber house was the seat of the Langleys, a branch of the royal -Plantagenets. Some of its most beautiful features are an oriel window -and the great hall with gallery for minstrels, paneled with oak and -lighted by stained glass windows. The house is eventually to go to the -city as a generously endowed art museum. _Return to Cary Street Road, -turn left, proceed westward to Wilton Road, turn left, proceed to -entrance to Wilton (marked) at end of thoroughfare._ - - [Illustration: _Country Club of Virginia_] - - -Wilton - -This stately house was built in 1753 for William Randolph III on a site -overlooking the James about six miles below Richmond. The Colonial Dames -of America in the State of Virginia bought it several years ago to save -the beautiful paneling from being sold out of Virginia, and had it -faithfully rebuilt here on another site overlooking the James. _Return -to Cary Street Road, turn left and proceed westward to intersection of -Cary Street Road and Three Chopt Road._ - - -Country Club of Virginia - -This is Richmond's largest country club, although there are other -private clubs and public golf courses. The Country Club of Virginia -boasts one eighteen-hole golf course and one short course at this club, -and a very fine eighteen-hole course up the James River, where the Club -has another smaller clubhouse, skeet shooting traps and river sports. -_Continue out Three Chopt Road to Towana Road, which leads to the -University of Richmond._ - - -University of Richmond - - [Illustration: _Social Center and Gymnasium University of - Richmond_] - -The University of Richmond includes Richmond College, a college of -liberal arts and sciences for men; Westhampton College, offering the -same courses to women; the T. C. Williams School of Law for professional -study; and the Evening School of Business Administration. We pass -through the men's college, and across the lake to the women's college. -_Proceed on out of Westhampton College to River Road, turn left on River -Road back to Cary Street Road, right on Cary back to Boulevard, right on -Boulevard to Columbus Monument, Byrd Park._ - - -Columbus Monument - -This monument was erected by the Italians of Richmond. The park includes -tennis courts, playgrounds, acres of woodland, and a small boating lake -to your left. Southeast of this point lies Shields Lake, the mecca of -Richmond swimmers in the summer, and beyond that "Maymont," the city's -most beautiful park. _Turn right, proceed around reservoir._ - - -World War I Memorial - -This carillon is Virginia's memorial to her dead of World War I. The -bells were imported from England. A museum containing relics of that -costly European struggle is located in a room at the base of the tower. - _Return north on Boulevard to Monument Avenue, turn right on Monument, -which becomes Franklin Street upon reaching Stuart Circle. Continue east -to Laurel Street._ - - [Illustration: _World War I Memorial The Carillon_] - - -Monroe Park - - [Illustration: _Richmond's Civic Center (The Mosque)_] - -On the right is one of the many municipal parks, most of which are -located outside the heavily built-up part of the city. Looking through -the park you can see Richmond's Civic Center, The Mosque, where -conventions, exhibitions, concerts and other events are held. It -contains an auditorium seating 5,000 persons. _Proceed eastward on -Franklin, halting between Madison and Henry Streets._ - - -Commonwealth Club - -Here at "The Commonwealth," the mid-town men's club of the city, the -Richmond German Club gives the "Germans," which are the most formal and -unusual features of Richmond's social life, somewhat comparable to the -Philadelphia Assemblies and Charleston's St. Cecilias. _Continue -eastward on Franklin to First Street._ - - -City Library - -The modern building on the southeast corner is the main City Library, a -gift to the city, of the late James H. Dooley. It was built in 1930 on -the site of the birthplace of James Branch Cabell, Virginia author. The -library has nearly 200,000 catalogued volumes, pamphlets, periodicals, -recordings and sheet music. _Continue eastward on Franklin, halting -briefly between Second and Third Streets._ - - [Illustration: _City Library_] - - -Woman's Club - -The Woman's Club has preserved this comfortable nineteenth century home -by adding a larger auditorium at the back and making it their clubhouse, -where are heard many of the distinguished lecturers and artists of -today. - - * * * * * * * - - -Richmond Battlefield Parks - -It is interesting to tour Richmond's Battlefield Park, which embraces -the fields covered during the Seven Days' Campaign (June 26-July 2, -1862) and at Second Cold Harbor, May 31-June 3, 1864. The battlefields -of Fort Harrison, Malvern Hill, Frayser's Farm, Savage Station, Fair -Oaks, Seven Pines, Cold Harbor, Gaines' Mill, and Mechanicsville may be -toured. Fort Harrison, six miles east of the city is Park Headquarters. -An interesting museum is located there. - - - - - Richmond Ideal for Conventions - - -Historical shrines of world-wide interest, excellent transportation -service, splendid modern hotels, and every facility available for -successful meetings have made Richmond one of the outstanding convention -centers of America. Delegates attending conventions here have a wide -choice of selecting their entertainment programs. Some enjoy trips to -Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown, historic Hampton Roads and Fort -Monroe, the beautiful Skyline Drive, the battlefields surrounding the -city and the many diversified industrial plants, while others -participate in their favorite sport or seek diversions in the many forms -of entertainment to be had. - -Proximity to the centers of the population, coupled with other numerous -advantages, has resulted in record-breaking attendance at meetings here. - -In Richmond, Capital of the Old South, an industrial, commercial, -educational and financial center of the new, nothing is left undone to -make every convention meeting in this city successful and enjoyable. - - * * * * * * * - - - - - RICHMOND TODAY! - - -_POPULATION_ of approximately 360,000 in the metropolitan area with an -average increase 7,000 per year since 1940. - -_INDUSTRIAL RANK_ of 5th in the nation in relative gain in net value of -manufactured products from 1929 to 1947. - -_CIGARETTE CAPITAL_ of the Nation, with annual output of more than 110 -billion cigarettes--enough to reach the moon and back 10 times, or -encircle the earth 180 times. - -_PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES_ in order of employment rank: cigarettes and other -tobacco products, chemical products including rayon and cellophane, food -and kindred products, furniture and wood products, metals and metal -products, apparel and textile products, paper and paper products, -printing and publishing. - -_TRADE CENTER_ of the South Atlantic region, ranking 35th in retail -sales, 29th in wholesale sales, among principal cities of the Nation. - -_FINANCIAL CENTER_ and headquarters of the 5th Federal Reserve District; -11 other banks and trust companies; home office of 32 insurance -companies. - -_TRANSPORTATION GATEWAY_ with 6 trunk-line railroads, 5 air lines, 6 -inter-city bus lines, 50 motor freight carriers, and water freight -service on the James River. - -_BALANCED ECONOMY_ with employment widely diversified and strong -consumer goods industries result in unusual economic stability and -resistance to fluctuations in the national business cycle. - -_RECREATIONAL:_ 1 public and 5 private golf courses, 30 theatres, a -stadium for athletics, municipal swimming pool, a Civic Center for -opera, large conventions, etc., seating 5,000; 18 parks and 43 -playgrounds. - -_CLIMATE:_ Equable climate with average temperature, 57.9 degrees F.; -mean annual rainfall, 42.02 inches. - -_EDUCATIONAL:_ University of Richmond, Medical College of Virginia, -Richmond Professional Institute of College of William and Mary, Union -Theological Seminary, Presbyterian Training School, Virginia Union -University (Colored), 16 private and 14 parochial schools, 4 business -colleges, 52 public school buildings, state and municipal libraries, -numerous museums, etc. - -_MEDICAL CENTER:_ Institutions and specialists of wide renown. Medical -College of Virginia--with schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and -nursing; 17 hospitals with 3,527 beds. - - -The Williamsburg-Yorktown-Jamestown Area - - [Illustration: _The Governor's Palace at Williamsburg_] - -Only an hour's drive southeast of Richmond on Route 60 is the most -historic area to be found anywhere in America. - -Here is Williamsburg, the former center of English culture in the new -world, almost completely restored to its eighteenth century appearance. -Here you will see the historic Colonial Capitol, The Governor's Palace -and its beautiful grounds, the famous Raleigh Tavern, the Public Gaol, -the famed Sir Christopher Wren Building of the College of William and -Mary and many other colonial structures restored through the beneficence -of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. - -Seven miles from Williamsburg is Jamestown Island where in 1607 the -first permanent settlement of English speaking people in the New World -was established. A ruined tower of an early Colonial church still stands -here, and many interesting relics are on display in the grounds which -are under the supervision of the Association for the Preservation of -Virginia Antiquities. - -Yorktown is only fifteen miles from Williamsburg. This famous little -town which saw a great nation come into being bears a great heritage. It -was here that proud Lord Cornwallis was forced to surrender to General -George Washington and his continental forces in 1781. The original -fortifications erected during the great siege of Yorktown have been -restored. Historic buildings and relics of the Revolution make Yorktown -a spot which every American citizen should visit. - -Less than an hour's drive from the Colonial Williamsburg area is Hampton -Roads, an important channel through which the waters of three rivers -pass into the Chesapeake Bay. Fort Monroe, on Old Point Comfort, and -Fort Wool, on an island in the channel, defend the entrance from the -Bay. It was in Hampton Roads that the first battle between iron-clad -vessels, the _Monitor_ and the _Merrimac_, took place on March 9, 1862. -President Lincoln, Secretary Seward and Confederate commissioners held -their "Hampton Roads Conference" on a steamer near Fort Monroe on -February 3, 1865. - -Be sure to visit Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown and the Hampton Roads -area during your visit to Richmond, for nowhere else may you cover as -much historic and hallowed ground in a single day. This famous area may -be reached quickly and conveniently. Ask for information which will -facilitate your trip there. - - [Illustration: _Jamestown Tower_] - - - - - THE JEFFERSON - - - [Illustration: The Jefferson] - -Whether you're traveling on business or pleasure, you'll enjoy every -minute of your stay at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond. Long a center of -social and cultural life in Virginia, this famous recently-restored -hotel merges the traditions of the past with present-day beauty, -convenience and hospitality. - -Among the things which will make your visit enjoyable are the -Jefferson's world-famous Lobby ... the luxurious Empire Room ... -Jefferson Court with its renowned statue of Thomas Jefferson ... the new -Fountain Room and the efficient, beautifully-appointed Coffee Shop ... -the handsome, spacious Auditorium and Banquet Rooms ... the lovely Guest -Rooms and the Jefferson's traditional hospitality and service. - -The Jefferson is located just outside the noisy section of the city, yet -within easy walking distance of theatres, shopping district and -financial section. It is convenient to all forms of transportation. Free -parking space is provided. Rates range from $3.50. - - - _For further information communicate with_ - THE HOTEL JEFFERSON - JAMES M. POWELL, _Manager_ - Richmond, Virginia - - - - - Transcriber's Notes - - ---Silently corrected a few typos. - ---Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - ---In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Tour of Historic Richmond, by -Frances Leight Williams - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - -***** This file should be named 60247-8.txt or 60247-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/4/60247/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's A Tour of Historic Richmond, by Frances Leight Williams - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: A Tour of Historic Richmond - -Author: Frances Leight Williams - -Release Date: September 6, 2019 [EBook #60247] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="A Tour of Historic Richmond" width="500" height="679" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1><i>A Tour of</i> -<br />H<i>istoric</i> R<i>ichmond</i></h1> -</div> -<p class="center smaller">ALL ILLUSTRATIONS COPYRIGHT 1940 BY WHITTET & SHEPPERSON</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_2">2</div> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p02.png" alt="" width="800" height="534" /> -<p class="pcap">Richmond</p> -</div> -<dl class="undent pcap"><dt><i>Broad Street Station</i></dt> -<dt>HOTEL WILLIAM BYRD</dt> -<dt>HOTEL JOHN MARSHALL</dt> -<dt>HOTEL RICHMOND</dt> -<dt>HOTEL KING CARTER</dt> -<dt><i>Capital Square</i></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small"><i>Richmond—Her Story and Her Spirit</i></span></h2> -<p>Richmond—Capital of the Cavaliers—a city that is mellow and -yet modern, where the rustle of the past may still be heard amid the -bustle of the present.</p> -<p>To appreciate Richmond one must, before all else, remember that this -old town has roots planted deep in the history of our country. Richmond -was founded in 1737 by William Byrd II, of Westover on the James, forefather -of two of Virginia’s illustrious sons of today, Admiral Richard Evelyn -Byrd and Senator Harry Flood Byrd. But even before Father Byrd laid off -his lots and established Richmond, this site at the falls of the James River -had held a certain degree of importance. Just a few weeks after the Virginia -settlers landed at Jamestown on May 13, 1607, to found the first permanent -English settlement in America, Captain Newport pushed off up the James -to find the route to the gold of the Indies. The barrier of rocks, known as -the falls of the James, must have been an unwelcome sight to the eyes of -that little band of intrepid explorers as it shattered their dream of easy passage -to their expected El Dorado. Captain Newport, however, was the first -of the Virginians to believe that no hoped-for golden future should stop a -man from doing the sensible, practical things of the moment. Before very -long, Captain Francis West had established a frontier post at the point -where the falls interrupted further navigation of the river. It is hard to -realize that Richmond was once on the western frontier of our country, but -such was the case until about 1660, when settlers began that westward push -that only ended when the Pacific was reached.</p> -<p>Richmond has seen much of the thrilling history of our country unfold. -She was a promising village when George Washington and the son of her -founder, Colonel Byrd, successfully led Virginia’s two regiments with the -troops of her sister colonies and the British regulars in the French and Indian -war. She was hostess to that brilliant group of patriots who gathered in -St. John’s Church in 1775 to discuss what methods could be taken to avert -<span class="pb" id="Page_4">4</span> -war with England, only to have Patrick Henry, grown sick of futile measures -which obtained no justice for the colonists, rise to advocate the arming of -the Virginia militia and utter those words which made him the embodiment -of man’s immortal will to freedom: “Give me liberty or give me death.” -She was the capital of the State from which Thomas Jefferson, Governor -of Virginia, had to flee to prevent capture when Benedict Arnold swooped -down on Richmond in 1781 and occupied the city for the British in America’s -war for independence. Cornwallis visited it later in the same year. She -was a thriving center of commerce in 1812 when the city was often alarmed -by the news that the British were coming again, and in 1846 when her -“Grays” were accepted for service in the Mexican War. She was the capital -of the Confederate States of America from 1861-65, the hope of the South -and the despair of the North for those four long, bloody, heart-breaking -years. The best commanders, the most immense armies the Federal government -could furnish, hammered, hammered at Richmond, while the South’s -bravest hearts and keenest minds stood with their backs often at the very -walls of the city, but would not let them pass. No city in America ever has -or ever will be again so completely the goal of the whole American people. -Those years and the ones that followed taught Richmond something that -as a city she will never forget—that courage can rise above everything. The -incredible sacrifices of Richmond people in that time knit the citizens together -with bonds that even time cannot sunder. She was again prompt to -the call of duty in 1898 when the country was challenged with outside danger, -and once more poured forth her sons and funds in World War I; also -in World War II she gave liberally of her sons and daughters and resources.</p> -<p>Those wars through which Richmond has lived are but distressing landmarks -on the long trail our country has traveled. Her contribution has been -equally as great in times of peace. In fact, probably her greatest contribution -has been her way of life—a way based on the belief that the best of the -old must be kept and adapted to fit in with the best of the new. The city -has grown steadily; has been rebuilt after three destructions by fire. Today -Richmond is a commercial, industrial, financial, medical and educational -center of the South, and one of the fastest growing industrial centers in the -nation. Richmond’s industry has been stable and resistant to wide fluctuations -in business cycle.</p> -<p>Cities, after all, are but larger patterns of individual people. People who -have been tested by time and tribulation and yet come out smiling, full of -faith and courage, never fail to command our admiration. That Richmond -has done this, we submit as our plea for your appreciation of our old city.</p> -<p>The people of Richmond have made the city and in turn been made by -it. No one can long live in the mellowness of Richmond without feeling -<span class="pb" id="Page_5">5</span> -that here is a calm that is not dead but gay, an ease and a friendliness that -is real and not assumed, a determination to build always for the future but -never to forget the heritage of the past which is our inspiration, a will to -be of such a quality that we cannot fail to give strength to the nation, going -always forward in the spirit of those who would surmount the obstacles of -the present in order to attain goals inspired by ideals of right and justice.</p> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small">A Tour of Historic Richmond</span></h2> -<p>Happily, Richmond has preserved much of her charm of a bygone day, -despite the fact that she has kept step with the times. Innumerable shrines remain -to remind the visitor of the dramatic part played by the city in the -making of the nation. In virtually every quarter of the town will be found -reminders of the past—public buildings, homes and gardens, memorials to -her sons and daughters; in short, showplaces of wide interest to those who -would acquaint themselves with the history of a section visited by Englishmen -soon after the establishment of a settlement at Jamestown.</p> -<p>The tour has been planned on a geographic basis to permit as much as -possible to be seen. It is almost impossible to sightsee chronologically in Richmond, -as our forefathers built where they wished and not according to a -city plan. The result is that the old buildings of Richmond are scattered -quite widely. Leaving the heart of the city, we drive to the intersection of -Third and Main streets and proceed south on Third to the end of the street, -where we come to Gamble’s Hill Park.</p> -<h3 id="c3">Gamble’s Hill Park</h3> -<p>Below you rolls “the mighty James,” the father of Virginia’s history, along -the banks of which Richmond had her beginning. In 1645 Fort Charles -was erected here at the falls of the James to protect the Tidewater settlers -from the incursions of the Indians. The cross, planted on rugged boulders -or river-jacks from the James, was erected here by the Association for the -Preservation of Virginia Antiquities in memory of the valiant little group -of explorers, who landed on an island below this point on May 24, 1607.</p> -<p>Across the ravine on the extreme right is the State penitentiary, ably run -along modern lines.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<p>Bringing your eyes along the crest of the same hill sloping down towards -the river, you will see Hollywood Cemetery, where lie buried two Presidents -of the United States, James Monroe and John Tyler; the President of the -Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis; General J. E. B. Stuart, -Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury, “the pathfinder of the seas;” Fitzhugh -Lee (General R. E. Lee is buried in Lexington, Virginia); George E. -Pickett and some 18,000 Confederate soldiers, including the Virginians who -fell in Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg.</p> -<p>Immediately beneath Gamble’s Hill curve are the remains of the once -vital Kanawha Canal, Virginia’s earliest great westward transportation -system, of which George Washington was the first president in 1785.</p> -<p>Across the canal is the Tredegar Company, iron manufacturers, which -has rounded out more than a century of service, having furnished munitions -in the country’s last four wars. Here was rolled the armor-plate for the -“Merrimac,” which, with the “Monitor,” made history in Hampton Roads -in the first battle between iron-clads.</p> -<p>Leaving the park we pass on our left a remarkable structure, known as -Pratt’s castle, constructed in the 1850’s. ¶ <i>Proceed on Fourth Street to -Canal, right on Canal to Fifth, left on Fifth to Main.</i></p> -<h3 id="c4">Old Homes</h3> -<p>Here on Fifth Street, between Cary and Main, are several examples of the -stately houses which made life in Richmond in the nineteenth century the -gracious thing that it was. On your right are two old homes which have -passed from the hands of the families that built and loved them. At the -southeast corner of Main and Fifth Streets used to stand the Allan home -where Edgar Allan Poe lived to young manhood with his foster parents. On -the northwest corner of Fifth and Main Streets is an interesting octagonal -house, built prior to 1814 by an early mayor of Richmond. ¶ <i>Proceed on -Fifth to Franklin, right on Franklin to 707 East Franklin.</i></p> -<h3 id="c5">General Lee’s Home</h3> -<p>This upright house, typical of many built by the wealthier Richmonders in -the early nineteenth century, was lent to General Robert E. Lee as a home -for himself when he could be in Richmond and for his family during the -latter years of the War Between the States. It is now the home of the Virginia -Historical Society, which has built a fireproof structure in the rear -<span class="pb" id="Page_7">7</span> -for its priceless collection of papers. Many interesting things on view here -merit a visit. ¶ <i>Proceed east on Franklin to Ninth Street.</i></p> -<h3 id="c6">Federal Reserve Bank</h3> -<p>On your left, from Eighth to Ninth on Franklin Street, is situated the Federal -Reserve Bank for the Fifth District, which embraces Virginia, North -Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and part -of West Virginia. ¶ <i>Intersection of Franklin and Ninth.</i></p> -<h3 id="c7">Old Bell Tower</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig2"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="667" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Old Bell Tower</i></p> -</div> -<p>Here you get your first view of the State Capitol and its grounds, but at this -time confine your interest to the quaint structure directly ahead. It is the old -Bell Tower, built in 1824 to replace the wooden tower from which had pealed -forth the call to colors for regular and volunteer troops to defend Richmond -from expected attacks. ¶ <i>Right on Ninth to Main Street.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<h3 id="c8">Financial District</h3> -<p>You are now in the heart of Richmond’s financial district. Many banking -houses, however, are situated in other parts of the city.</p> -<h3 id="c9">Post Office</h3> -<p>One block to your left, on Main Street is the Federal building in which are -located the United States Post Office and customs house. A part of this -building was erected before the War Between the States and housed the -executive offices of President Jefferson Davis and several members of his -cabinet. Next to it is the city’s parcel post building. ¶ <i>Proceed south -on Ninth Street across Main to Canal, left on Canal to Fourteenth, right on -Fourteenth to Bridge, halt.</i></p> -<h3 id="c10">Site of John Smith Landing</h3> -<p>Before you stretches one of the four bridges connecting Richmond’s north -and south sides of the James River. Beyond the bridge, near the huge grain -elevator, is where Capt. John Smith first landed in Richmond. The land -was originally purchased from Chief Powhatan. ¶ <i>Back (north) on Fourteenth -to Main and right on Main to Fifteenth.</i></p> -<h3 id="c11">Southern Literary Messenger</h3> -<p>The southeast corner on your right is the site of the <i>Southern Literary Messenger</i> -Building, where Edgar Allan Poe edited that magazine to enduring -fame. Across the street is the site of Bell Tavern, one of the famous places -of rendezvous in early Richmond and recruiting station during the War of -1812. ¶ <i>Continue east on Main to Seventeenth.</i></p> -<h3 id="c12">Old First Market</h3> -<p>Passing the Main Street Station (C. & O. and Seaboard) on the left, you -come to the Old Market. On this site, from the earliest days, the farmers -would gather to sell their produce to the city folk. To the left of the market, -Negro washerwomen used to spread their wash on the grassy bank of -Shockoe Creek, the frequent floods of which were the chief excitement of -the old town. The women chatted and lightened their work by singing. -The darkies’ melodious voices, blending with the cries of the food hawkers, -must have made the market the gayest spot in Richmond. ¶ <i>Continue on -Main, halting three-fourths of the way between Nineteenth and Twentieth.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div> -<h3 id="c13">Poe Shrine</h3> -<p>On your left is the oldest house in Richmond, erected about 1686. On the -front wall may be seen the letters “J.R.,” supposed to signify “Jacobus Rex,” -James II, who was then King of England. The building is now a part of -the Edgar Allan Poe Foundation, which includes also the small buildings -on the left and right, in the three of which are housed much Poe material -and many articles relating to his residence in Richmond. In the rear is an -“enchanted garden” which leads to a classical loggia, built chiefly of material -from the former <i>Southern Literary Messenger</i> building. ¶ <i>Turn -right on Twentieth to Cary.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig3"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="528" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Poe Shrine</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c14">Libby Prison</h3> -<p>On the southeast corner of Cary stood Libby Prison, where thousands of -Federal prisoners were confined during the War Between the States. The -old warehouse-prison building was torn down and taken to Chicago to be -rebuilt for the World’s Fair of 1893.</p> -<p>You are now in the heart of the tobacco district of Richmond. For blocks -may be seen Richmond’s famous “Tobacco Row.” ¶ <i>Turn left on Cary -to Twenty-first, left on Twenty-first to Main, left on Main to Eighteenth -Street; right on Eighteenth one block to Franklin.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div> -<h3 id="c15">Oldest Masonic Hall</h3> -<p>The wooden building on the right is the oldest Masonic hall in continuous -use in the United States which was built originally for Masonic purposes. -Governor Edmund Randolph was among the many prominent Virginia -Masons who participated in the corner-stone laying in 1785. Lafayette was -given a reception here in 1824 on his triumphal return visit to the scenes -where he had served in the American Revolution. ¶ <i>Proceed east on -Franklin, halting briefly between Twenty-first and Twenty-second.</i></p> -<p>At the top of the hill to your left, you can see a typical old galleried home -of early Richmond, now incorporated in the buildings of Monte Maria -Roman Catholic Convent. ¶ <i>Turn right on Franklin at Twenty-third, go -to Main, turn right, then proceed to Twenty-first Street, turn right and -continue north to Broad, turn right on Broad, continue to Twenty-fourth.</i></p> -<p>You are now entering Church Hill, Richmond’s oldest residential section. -¶ <i>Stop at Twenty-fourth and Broad, location of St. John’s Church.</i></p> -<h3 id="c16">St. John’s Church (<span class="smaller"><a href="#cover"><i>Front Cover</i></a></span>)</h3> -<p>St. John’s Episcopal Church, built in 1741, the oldest in the city, will forever -be famous as the place where Patrick Henry uttered his ringing challenge -for “Liberty or Death” to the American colonists. The second Virginia convention -met in St. John’s, because it was the largest hall in Richmond, in -March, 1775, and even at that, the original was not half the size of the -enlarged present-day structure. It is worth your while to get out here and -let the sexton show you the church and tell you briefly of its story. On the -left, as you face the church, you will see the grave of Elizabeth Arnold Poe, -the tiny actress-mother of America’s great imaginative writer. Young Edgar -Poe is said to have been found more than once lying sobbing on his mother’s -grave. ¶ <i>Proceed east on Broad to Twenty-eighth; right on Twenty-eighth -two blocks to Franklin.</i></p> -<h3 id="c17">Soldiers and Sailors Monument</h3> -<p>Here, at Libby Hill Park, is the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, erected in -1894 as a memorial to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy. The figure -on the top is by William L. Sheppard. ¶ <i>Return to Broad Street; turn -left on Broad, halting between Thirteenth and Twelfth.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div> -<h3 id="c18">Monumental Church</h3> -<p>This unusual-looking Episcopal church structure was built in 1812 as a -memorial to more than seventy persons, including the Governor of Virginia, -who lost their lives in a fire which destroyed a theatre on this site on December -26, 1811. In this theatre Edgar Allan Poe’s mother had acted a few -short months before, and in this same theatre the Virginia Convention of -1788 had ratified the Federal Constitution. ¶ <i>Proceed west on Broad -(Passing Medical College of Virginia Hospital Building) to Twelfth, turn -right on Twelfth to Marshall, turn right on Marshall to center of block.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig4"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="585" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>The Egyptian Building · Medical College of Virginia</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c19">Medical College of Virginia</h3> -<p>You are now in the center of the buildings of the Medical College of Virginia -which cover several city blocks. Particularly notable is the concrete building -on your right at the end of the block which is stated to be “the most -perfect example of Egyptian architecture in America.” Erected in 1845, it -is the earliest in the Medical College group. This is one of the oldest medical -schools in the South and the only one to remain open during the War -Between the States. The buildings now composing the Medical College -<span class="pb" id="Page_12">12</span> -group afford not only an imposing sight but with their facilities contribute -greatly to the importance of Richmond as one of the leading medical centers -of the country. ¶ <i>Circle block to right, returning to Twelfth. Proceed -north on Twelfth two blocks to Clay, turn right on Clay.</i></p> -<h3 id="c20">Confederate Museum</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig5"> -<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="441" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Confederate Museum (White House of the Confederacy)</i></p> -</div> -<p>This building, now the Confederate Museum, was the White House of the -Confederacy from 1861-65. Here lived President Jefferson Davis. Here -came the generals to confer, the couriers bearing news of the various battles. -Most fittingly, the women of the South have made this a treasure-house -of things Confederate. In the museum you may now see the uniforms, -swords, camp chest and multitudinous relics of Generals Robert E. Lee, -Thomas J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, J. E. B. Stuart and -most of the other Confederate heroes. The student of that phase of our history -finds here invaluable historical papers and files. ¶ <i>Make a U-turn -and proceed west on Clay to Eleventh.</i></p> -<h3 id="c21">Valentine Museum</h3> -<p>This Museum of the Life and History of Richmond, founded by Mann S. -Valentine and opened in 1898, now includes four 19th century buildings. -The Wickham-Valentine House, designed by Robert Mills in 1812, is a -<span class="pb" id="Page_13">13</span> -notable example of late Georgian architecture, with furnishings of that -period and of 1853, and with a walled garden that is restful and beautiful -in all seasons. The adjoining Museum building contains a growing collection -of permanent Richmond exhibits and the largest costume department in the -south. The Indian collection emphasizes archaeological material from -Virginia and North Carolina. Changing exhibitions illustrate past and present -city activities and interests. Facing the garden is the Studio of the -sculptor, Edward V. Valentine. The Bransford-Cecil Memorial House, in -the Greek Revival style of the 1840’s, contains a gallery-lecture room; a -Research Library, with extensive pictorial material illustrating Richmond’s -history; and the School Services’ office and workrooms, where two staff -members carry on an organized statewide program of lectures, loans, and -special projects for children. ¶ <i>Proceed west on Clay to Eighth, turn left -Eighth to Marshall, turn left on Marshall.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig6"> -<img src="images/p06a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="408" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Wickham-Valentine House</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c22">John Marshall House</h3> -<p>On the northwest corner of Ninth and Marshall is John Marshall House. -This house, severely simple on the exterior, boasts a classic dignity inside -which proves that John Marshall, as well as his politically different cousin, -Thomas Jefferson, could design homes. The eminent jurist himself designed -<span class="pb" id="Page_14">14</span> -this home. The house is now the property of the Association for the Preservation -of Virginia Antiquities, the first of such societies in America. It is -furnished with some of Marshall’s original furniture. You may see here -the robe which Marshall wore as Chief Justice of the United States. The -large structure to the rear of the house is John Marshall High School, one -of Richmond’s two public high schools. ¶ <i>Continue on Marshall to Tenth, -turn right on Tenth. Continue on Tenth to Broad.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig7"> -<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="488" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>John Marshall House</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c23">City Hall</h3> -<p>The large gray stone structure on the southeast corner of Broad Street is -the City Hall. Dedicated in 1894, it was built on the site of the old City Hall, -erected in 1816 and condemned in 1874. This building contains the offices -of the Mayor, the City Manager and various municipal departments. ¶ -<i>Cross Broad and continue on Tenth to Capitol Street. Turn right on Capitol -one block to Ninth. Turn left on Ninth to entrance of Capitol Square.</i></p> -<h3 id="c24">Capitol Square</h3> -<p>Commanding the driveway stands the equestrian statue of Washington, -executed by Thomas Crawford and cast in Munich at a cost of $100,000. -Chief Justice John Marshall headed the committee to raise the subscriptions, -beginning the work in 1817 when the city boasted less than 6,000 white inhabitants. -<span class="pb" id="Page_15">15</span> -The monument was unveiled in 1858. Around the central figure -of Washington are statues of some of Virginia’s famous sons, builders of the -nation as well as of their state: Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas -Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, John Marshall, and Andrew Lewis. It was at -the base of this statue that the second inauguration of Jefferson Davis as -President of the Confederate States of America took place, February 22, -1862.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig8"> -<img src="images/p07a.jpg" alt="" width="618" height="700" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Washington Monument</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c25">Capitol Building</h3> -<p>The central part of the Capitol was designed after the Maison Carrée at -Nimes by Thomas Jefferson while minister to France from the United States. -The original part was commenced in 1785 and finished about 1792, and -the wings were added, to give the legislators much-needed space, in 1905. -In the rotunda in the old central part, you will see the most celebrated work -of the great French sculptor, Houdon—the life-size statue of Washington, -the only one posed from life which is in existence today. It was placed here -in 1788. Here also is a head of Lafayette by Houdon. Virginia has made -<span class="pb" id="Page_16">16</span> -this rotunda her Hall of Presidents by placing here busts of her other seven -native sons who have become chief executives of the United States.</p> -<p>Opening off the rotunda is the old hall of the House of Delegates, where -Aaron Burr, in 1807, was tried for treason before Chief Justice Marshall. -In this hall occurred a great tragedy in 1870, when the balcony gave way -because too large a crowd of people had packed every inch to hear a trial -of deep local interest. Sixty-three were killed and two hundred and sixty -injured. The hall has been restored to its original appearance. Where his -statue now stands, Robert E. Lee, on April 23, 1861, accepted the command -of Virginia’s forces. Here met the Confederate House of Representatives -from 1861-65. The present Virginia Senate and House of Delegates meet -in modern chambers in the two wings.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig9"> -<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="517" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>State Capitol Building</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c26">State Buildings</h3> -<p>Leaving the Capitol by the main door, you see on the left the modern State -office building and the Finance Building on the terrace. In the basement -at the South end of the Finance Building is an interesting museum containing -exhibits of Virginia’s natural resources, agricultural products and wild -life.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div> -<h3 id="c27">Governor’s Mansion</h3> -<p>Swinging around the Capitol, you come to the Federal-style Governor’s -Mansion, erected in 1811-13. From 1788 to 1811 the governors of Virginia -had to live in a two-story wooden structure, ironically called “The Palace,” -located on the same site as the present building. Just outside the Capitol -Square, to the north, you will see the new State Library and Supreme Court -of Appeals building. ¶ <i>Leave Capitol Square by same gate through which -you entered, stopping on Grace just across Ninth.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig10"> -<img src="images/p08a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="548" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Governor’s Mansion</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c28">St. Paul’s Church</h3> -<p>Situated here at Ninth and Grace is St. Paul’s Episcopal Church. General -Robert E. Lee worshipped here whenever he was in Richmond during the -War Between the States, as did President Jefferson Davis regularly. Up an -aisle to this church on Sunday, April 2, 1865, strode a messenger to President -Davis’ pew. Davis quietly left the church. The message told him that Petersburg -had fallen, that Richmond must be evacuated. The church is filled -with memorials of many kinds, and is referred to by some as “The Westminster -of Richmond.” ¶ <i>Proceed westward on Grace to Seventh Street.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_18">18</div> -<div class="img" id="fig11"> -<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="611" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>St. Paul’s Church</i></p> -</div> -<p>Grace Street, for several blocks west, is one of Richmond’s newest downtown -retail shopping centers. Once a residential section, it now takes its -place with Broad Street (one block to the right) as a major business thoroughfare. ¶ -<i>Turn right on Seventh three blocks to Clay. Turn left on Clay -to Sixth.</i></p> -<h3 id="c29">Sixth Street Market</h3> -<p>Country produce and Negro flower-sellers combine to make this a colorful -sight in the vicinity of Marshall and Sixth Streets. ¶ <i>Continue on Sixth -three blocks to Grace. Turn right at Grace. Proceed west on Grace to end -of 1100 block and turn left on Lombardy one block to Monument Avenue. -Turn right; halt.</i></p> -<h3 id="c30">Monument Avenue</h3> -<p>Here begins Monument Avenue, the continuation of Franklin Street, the -newer section of the thoroughfare that has long been a main residential -street of the city. This avenue takes its name from monuments to Confederate -leaders.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div> -<h3 id="c31">J. E. B. Stuart Monument</h3> -<p>This statue by Fred Moynihan shows General Stuart, the great cavalry -leader, in a typically dashing pose. Stuart was one of the most colorful men -in the Confederacy, once riding his men eighty miles in 27 hours, another -time riding around McClellan’s whole army—always courageous, always -gay. ¶ <i>Proceed westward one block on Monument to Allen Avenue.</i></p> -<h3 id="c32">Lee Monument</h3> -<p>Only three letters mark this monument—Lee. The South felt no more were -needed. This marvelous likeness of General Lee on “Traveller” was sculptured -by the French artist, Jean Antoine Mercie, and was unveiled by Lee’s -West Point classmate and friend, General Joseph E. Johnston, on May 30, -1890. Arrived in Richmond, the statue was drawn to its location by schoolchildren. ¶ -<i>Proceed westward on Monument four blocks to Davis Avenue.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig12"> -<img src="images/p09a.jpg" alt="" width="545" height="700" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Lee Monument</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_20">20</div> -<h3 id="c33">Davis Monument</h3> -<p>The monument to Jefferson Davis, sculptured by E. V. Valentine, shows the -President of the Confederacy in the posture of oratory. Around the monument -are excerpts from this most notable speeches. ¶ <i>Proceed westward on -Monument three blocks to the Boulevard.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig13"> -<img src="images/p10.jpg" alt="" width="546" height="700" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Jefferson Davis Monument</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c34">First Baptist Church</h3> -<p>On your left, at Monument Avenue and the Boulevard, is First Baptist -Church, one of Richmond’s numerous large churches.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div> -<h3 id="c35">Jackson Monument</h3> -<p>This monument to Thomas J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson, the sculpture for -which is the work of F. William Sievers, shows him mounted on “Sorrel,” -facing north, because he so resolutely opposed the Northern army. Jackson, -whose brilliant strategy is studied today by soldiers the world over, was a -stern, Cromwellian type of commander in strange contrast to the dashing -Stuart. Lee called him his “right arm,” and no one has ever been able to -estimate the severity of the blow his death dealt the Southern cause. ¶ -<i>Continue westward on Monument to Belmont.</i></p> -<h3 id="c36">Maury Monument</h3> -<p>Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury (F. William Sievers was the sculptor -for this monument), is not as well known to the average citizen as he -deserves to be, but sailors on all the seas know his work and are grateful for -it. He is known as “The Pathfinder of the Seas” because he charted the -oceans with such accuracy that even today the Pilot Charts issued by the -Hydrographic Office of the Navy Department are founded on his researches. -In the house which still stands close to the present Valentine Museum, -Maury, seeking ways that would enable his pathetically small Confederate -Navy to be effective against the Union gunboats, invented the submarine -electrical torpedo. ¶ <i>U-turn around the monument; proceed eastward on -Monument one block to Sheppard; right on Sheppard three blocks to -Kensington; proceed left on Kensington to the Boulevard; turn right.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig14"> -<img src="images/p10a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="462" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Battle Abbey, Confederate Memorial Institute</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div> -<h3 id="c37">Battle Abbey</h3> -<p>The Battle Abbey, or Confederate Memorial Institute, houses a large -collection of portraits of Confederate officers, and collections of Confederate -battle flags, arms and equipment, but is chiefly distinguished for its very -beautiful series of mural paintings of Confederate scenes by the French -artist, Charles Hoffbauer. The artist had done much of his preliminary -work when he was called back to fight for France in 1914. When he returned -to Richmond after the war, Hoffbauer painted out all he had previously -done and painted war as only one who had been through it could. -Since 1946 the Abbey has been the property of the Virginia Historical -Society. ¶ <i>Proceed on the Boulevard to Grove.</i></p> -<h3 id="c38">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig15"> -<img src="images/p11.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="463" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</i></p> -</div> -<p>This State institution, opened in January, 1936, houses the famous John -Barton Payne collections of paintings and prints; the T. Catesby Jones collection -of twentieth century European paintings, the Glasgow collection of -European Renaissance art, and the fabulous Lillian Thomas Pratt collection -of Russian jewelry. The Museum and collections are valued at more -<span class="pb" id="Page_23">23</span> -than $5,000,000. In addition to its collections, it conducts a regular program -of specially assembled exhibitions, lectures and concerts. The museum -is the largest art museum in the South and has gained a national reputation -because of its biennial exhibitions of contemporary American paintings -as well as many other special exhibitions. ¶ <i>Proceed on the Boulevard -two blocks to Ellwood Avenue, turn right on Ellwood six blocks to Nansemond. -Turn left on Nansemond one block to Cary Street. Turn right on -Cary to central entrance of Windsor Farms residential area. (Street is -marked Windsor Way). Proceed through Windsor Farms to Virginia House -on Sulgrave Road at Wakefield Road.</i></p> -<h3 id="c39">Virginia House</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig16"> -<img src="images/p11a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="491" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Virginia House</i></p> -</div> -<p>Virginia House, home of the late Ambassador and Mrs. Alexander W. -Weddell, is built of materials they brought from Warwick Priory, Warwick, -England, in 1925. The central section is a reproduction of the Tudor portion -of Warwick Priory, founded by the first Earl of Warwick; the right-hand -section is an exact replica of the only portion of Sulgrave Manor which -remains as it was at the time Lawrence Washington occupied it as his manor -<span class="pb" id="Page_24">24</span> -house. The royal coat of arms may be seen over a second-story window to -your right. The arms were conferred to show that the house had given shelter -to Queen Elizabeth in 1572. The house is now the property of the Virginia -Historical Society. ¶ <i>Pull up about 100 yards.</i></p> -<h3 id="c40">Agecroft Hall</h3> -<p>Agecroft was originally built in Lancashire, England, about 1393, brought -to Richmond and faithfully rebuilt here in 1925. The old plaster and timber -house was the seat of the Langleys, a branch of the royal Plantagenets. Some -of its most beautiful features are an oriel window and the great hall with -gallery for minstrels, paneled with oak and lighted by stained glass windows. -The house is eventually to go to the city as a generously endowed art museum. ¶ -<i>Return to Cary Street Road, turn left, proceed westward to -Wilton Road, turn left, proceed to entrance to Wilton (marked) at end of -thoroughfare.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig17"> -<img src="images/p12.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="474" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Country Club of Virginia</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c41">Wilton</h3> -<p>This stately house was built in 1753 for William Randolph III on a site -overlooking the James about six miles below Richmond. The Colonial -Dames of America in the State of Virginia bought it several years ago to -<span class="pb" id="Page_25">25</span> -save the beautiful paneling from being sold out of Virginia, and had it -faithfully rebuilt here on another site overlooking the James. ¶ <i>Return to -Cary Street Road, turn left and proceed westward to intersection of Cary -Street Road and Three Chopt Road.</i></p> -<h3 id="c42">Country Club of Virginia</h3> -<p>This is Richmond’s largest country club, although there are other private -clubs and public golf courses. The Country Club of Virginia boasts one -eighteen-hole golf course and one short course at this club, and a very fine -eighteen-hole course up the James River, where the Club has another smaller -clubhouse, skeet shooting traps and river sports. ¶ <i>Continue out Three -Chopt Road to Towana Road, which leads to the University of Richmond.</i></p> -<h3 id="c43">University of Richmond</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig18"> -<img src="images/p12a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="460" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Social Center and Gymnasium · University of Richmond</i></p> -</div> -<p>The University of Richmond includes Richmond College, a college of liberal -arts and sciences for men; Westhampton College, offering the same courses -to women; the T. C. Williams School of Law for professional study; and -the Evening School of Business Administration. We pass through the men’s -college, and across the lake to the women’s college. ¶ <i>Proceed on out of -Westhampton College to River Road, turn left on River Road back to Cary -Street Road, right on Cary back to Boulevard, right on Boulevard to Columbus -Monument, Byrd Park.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div> -<h3 id="c44">Columbus Monument</h3> -<p>This monument was erected by the Italians of Richmond. The park includes -tennis courts, playgrounds, acres of woodland, and a small boating lake to -your left. Southeast of this point lies Shields Lake, the mecca of Richmond -swimmers in the summer, and beyond that “Maymont,” the city’s most -beautiful park. ¶ <i>Turn right, proceed around reservoir.</i></p> -<h3 id="c45">World War I Memorial</h3> -<p>This carillon is Virginia’s memorial to her dead of World War I. The bells -were imported from England. A museum containing relics of that costly -European struggle is located in a room at the base of the tower. ¶ <i>Return -north on Boulevard to Monument Avenue, turn right on Monument, which -becomes Franklin Street upon reaching Stuart Circle. Continue east to -Laurel Street.</i></p> -<div class="img" id="fig19"> -<img src="images/p13.jpg" alt="" width="566" height="578" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>World War I Memorial · The Carillon</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_27">27</div> -<h3 id="c46">Monroe Park</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig20"> -<img src="images/p13a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="482" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Richmond’s Civic Center (The Mosque)</i></p> -</div> -<p>On the right is one of the many municipal parks, most of which are located -outside the heavily built-up part of the city. Looking through the park you -can see Richmond’s Civic Center, The Mosque, where conventions, exhibitions, -concerts and other events are held. It contains an auditorium seating -5,000 persons. ¶ <i>Proceed eastward on Franklin, halting between Madison -and Henry Streets.</i></p> -<h3 id="c47">Commonwealth Club</h3> -<p>Here at “The Commonwealth,” the mid-town men’s club of the city, the -Richmond German Club gives the “Germans,” which are the most formal -and unusual features of Richmond’s social life, somewhat comparable to -the Philadelphia Assemblies and Charleston’s St. Cecilias. ¶ <i>Continue -eastward on Franklin to First Street.</i></p> -<h3 id="c48">City Library</h3> -<p>The modern building on the southeast corner is the main City Library, a -gift to the city, of the late James H. Dooley. It was built in 1930 on the -site of the birthplace of James Branch Cabell, Virginia author. The library -has nearly 200,000 catalogued volumes, pamphlets, periodicals, recordings -and sheet music. ¶ <i>Continue eastward on Franklin, halting briefly between -Second and Third Streets.</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_28">28</div> -<div class="img" id="fig21"> -<img src="images/p14.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="463" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>City Library</i></p> -</div> -<h3 id="c49">Woman’s Club</h3> -<p>The Woman’s Club has preserved this comfortable nineteenth century home -by adding a larger auditorium at the back and making it their clubhouse, -where are heard many of the distinguished lecturers and artists of today.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="gs">* * * * * * *</span></p> -<h3 id="c50">Richmond Battlefield Parks</h3> -<p>It is interesting to tour Richmond’s Battlefield Park, which embraces the -fields covered during the Seven Days’ Campaign (June 26-July 2, 1862) -and at Second Cold Harbor, May 31-June 3, 1864. The battlefields of Fort -Harrison, Malvern Hill, Frayser’s Farm, Savage Station, Fair Oaks, Seven -Pines, Cold Harbor, Gaines’ Mill, and Mechanicsville may be toured. Fort -Harrison, six miles east of the city is Park Headquarters. An interesting -museum is located there.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div> -<h2 id="c51"><span class="small">Richmond Ideal for Conventions</span></h2> -<p>Historical shrines of world-wide interest, excellent transportation service, -splendid modern hotels, and every facility available for successful meetings -have made Richmond one of the outstanding convention centers of America. -Delegates attending conventions here have a wide choice of selecting their -entertainment programs. Some enjoy trips to Williamsburg, Jamestown, -Yorktown, historic Hampton Roads and Fort Monroe, the beautiful Skyline -Drive, the battlefields surrounding the city and the many diversified industrial -plants, while others participate in their favorite sport or seek diversions -in the many forms of entertainment to be had.</p> -<p>Proximity to the centers of the population, coupled with other numerous -advantages, has resulted in record-breaking attendance at meetings here.</p> -<p>In Richmond, Capital of the Old South, an industrial, commercial, educational -and financial center of the new, nothing is left undone to make every -convention meeting in this city successful and enjoyable.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="gs">* * * * * * *</span></p> -<h2 id="c52"><span class="small">RICHMOND TODAY!</span></h2> -<p><i>POPULATION</i> of approximately 360,000 -in the metropolitan area with an average -increase 7,000 per year since 1940.</p> -<p><i>INDUSTRIAL RANK</i> of 5th in the nation -in relative gain in net value of manufactured -products from 1929 to 1947.</p> -<p><i>CIGARETTE CAPITAL</i> of the Nation, -with annual output of more than 110 billion -cigarettes—enough to reach the moon -and back 10 times, or encircle the earth 180 -times.</p> -<p><i>PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES</i> in order of -employment rank: cigarettes and other tobacco -products, chemical products including -rayon and cellophane, food and kindred -products, furniture and wood products, -metals and metal products, apparel and textile -products, paper and paper products, -printing and publishing.</p> -<p><i>TRADE CENTER</i> of the South Atlantic -region, ranking 35th in retail sales, 29th in -wholesale sales, among principal cities of -the Nation.</p> -<p><i>FINANCIAL CENTER</i> and headquarters -of the 5th Federal Reserve District; 11 -other banks and trust companies; home -office of 32 insurance companies.</p> -<p><i>TRANSPORTATION GATEWAY</i> with 6 -trunk-line railroads, 5 air lines, 6 inter-city -bus lines, 50 motor freight carriers, and -water freight service on the James River.</p> -<p><i>BALANCED ECONOMY</i> with employment -widely diversified and strong consumer -goods industries result in unusual -economic stability and resistance to fluctuations -in the national business cycle.</p> -<p><i>RECREATIONAL:</i> 1 public and 5 private -golf courses, 30 theatres, a stadium for athletics, -municipal swimming pool, a Civic -Center for opera, large conventions, etc., -seating 5,000; 18 parks and 43 playgrounds.</p> -<p><i>CLIMATE:</i> Equable climate with average -temperature, 57.9 degrees F.; mean annual -rainfall, 42.02 inches.</p> -<p><i>EDUCATIONAL:</i> University of Richmond, -Medical College of Virginia, Richmond -Professional Institute of College of -William and Mary, Union Theological -Seminary, Presbyterian Training School, -Virginia Union University (Colored), 16 -private and 14 parochial schools, 4 business -colleges, 52 public school buildings, state -and municipal libraries, numerous museums, -etc.</p> -<p><i>MEDICAL CENTER:</i> Institutions and -specialists of wide renown. Medical College -of Virginia—with schools of medicine, dentistry, -pharmacy and nursing; 17 hospitals -with 3,527 beds.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div> -<h3 id="c53">The Williamsburg-Yorktown-Jamestown Area</h3> -<div class="img" id="fig22"> -<img src="images/p15.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="462" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>The Governor’s Palace at Williamsburg</i></p> -</div> -<p>Only an hour’s drive southeast of Richmond on Route 60 is the most historic -area to be found anywhere in America.</p> -<p>Here is Williamsburg, the former center of English culture in the new -world, almost completely restored to its eighteenth century appearance. Here -you will see the historic Colonial Capitol, The Governor’s Palace and its -beautiful grounds, the famous Raleigh Tavern, the Public Gaol, the famed -Sir Christopher Wren Building of the College of William and Mary and -many other colonial structures restored through the beneficence of Mr. John -D. Rockefeller, Jr.</p> -<p>Seven miles from Williamsburg is Jamestown Island where in 1607 the -first permanent settlement of English speaking people in the New World -was established. A ruined tower of an early Colonial church still stands -here, and many interesting relics are on display in the grounds which are -under the supervision of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia -Antiquities.</p> -<p>Yorktown is only fifteen miles from Williamsburg. This famous little town -which saw a great nation come into being bears a great heritage. It was -here that proud Lord Cornwallis was forced to surrender to General George -Washington and his continental forces in 1781. The original fortifications -erected during the great siege of Yorktown have been restored. Historic -<span class="pb" id="Page_31">31</span> -buildings and relics of the Revolution make Yorktown a spot which every -American citizen should visit.</p> -<p>Less than an hour’s drive from the Colonial Williamsburg area is Hampton -Roads, an important channel through which the waters of three rivers -pass into the Chesapeake Bay. Fort Monroe, on Old Point Comfort, and -Fort Wool, on an island in the channel, defend the entrance from the Bay. -It was in Hampton Roads that the first battle between iron-clad vessels, -the <i>Monitor</i> and the <i>Merrimac</i>, took place on March 9, 1862. President -Lincoln, Secretary Seward and Confederate commissioners held their -“Hampton Roads Conference” on a steamer near Fort Monroe on February -3, 1865.</p> -<p>Be sure to visit Williamsburg, Jamestown, Yorktown and the Hampton -Roads area during your visit to Richmond, for nowhere else may you cover -as much historic and hallowed ground in a single day. This famous area -may be reached quickly and conveniently. Ask for information which will -facilitate your trip there.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig23"> -<img src="images/p15a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="650" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Jamestown Tower</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div> -<h2 id="c54"><span class="small"><span class="large">THE JEFFERSON</span></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p20.jpg" alt="The Jefferson" width="700" height="568" /> -</div> -<p>Whether you’re traveling on business or pleasure, you’ll -enjoy every minute of your stay at the Hotel Jefferson -in Richmond. Long a center of social and cultural life -in Virginia, this famous recently-restored hotel merges -the traditions of the past with present-day beauty, convenience -and hospitality.</p> -<p>Among the things which will make your visit enjoyable -are the Jefferson’s world-famous Lobby ... the luxurious -Empire Room ... Jefferson Court with its renowned -statue of Thomas Jefferson ... the new Fountain Room -and the efficient, beautifully-appointed Coffee Shop ... -the handsome, spacious Auditorium and Banquet Rooms -... the lovely Guest Rooms and the Jefferson’s traditional -hospitality and service.</p> -<p>The Jefferson is located just outside the noisy section -of the city, yet within easy walking distance of theatres, -shopping district and financial section. It is convenient -to all forms of transportation. Free parking space is provided. -Rates range from $3.50.</p> -<hr /> -<p class="center"><span class="small"><i>For further information communicate with</i></span> -<br />THE HOTEL JEFFERSON -<br /><span class="small">JAMES M. POWELL, <i>Manager</i></span> -<br />Richmond, Virginia</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Tour of Historic Richmond, by -Frances Leight Williams - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TOUR OF HISTORIC RICHMOND *** - -***** This file should be named 60247-h.htm or 60247-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/2/4/60247/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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