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@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ And hollow trunk, though leafless, give a shade; And though condemned beneath the tempest's shock To speedy fall, amid the sturdier trees In sacred grandeur rules the forest still. -No such repute had Ceesar won, nor fame; +No such repute had Caesar won, nor fame; But energy was his that could not rest -- The only shame he knew was not to win. Keen and unvanquished (9), where revenge or hope @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ As parts the clouds a bolt by winds compelled, With crack of riven air and crash of worlds, And veils the light of day, and on mankind, Blasting their vision with its flames oblique, -Sheds deadly fright; then turning to its home, ' +Sheds deadly fright; then turning to its home, Nought but the air opposing, through its path Spreads havoc, and collects its scattered fires. @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ Through mists of night obscure; and hoary hair Streamed from the lofty front with turrets crowned: Torn were her locks and naked were her arms. Then thus, with broken sighs the Vision spake: -"What seek ye, men of Rome? and whither hence +"What seek ye, men of Rome? and whither hence Bear ye my standards? If by right ye come, My citizens, stay here; these are the bounds; No further dare." But Caesar's hair was stiff @@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ Gods of my race who watched o'er Troy of old; Thou Jove of Alba's height, and Vestal fires, And rites of Romulus erst rapt to heaven, And God-like Rome; be friendly to my quest. -Not with offence or hostfie arms I come, +Not with offence or hostile arms I come, Thy Caesar, conqueror by land and sea, Thy soldier here and wheresoe'er thou wilt: No other's; his, his only be the guilt -Whose acts make me thy foe.' He gives the word +Whose acts make me thy foe." He gives the word And bids his standards cross the swollen stream. So in the wastes of Afric's burning clime The lion crouches as his foes draw near, @@ -297,10 +297,10 @@ Divides the Italian peasant from the Gaul. Then winter gave him strength, and fraught with rain The third day's crescent moon; while Eastern winds Thawed from the Alpine slopes the yielding snow. -The cavalry first form across the stream ' +The cavalry first form across the stream To break the torrent's force; the rest with ease Beneath their shelter gain the further bank. -When Csesar crossed and trod beneath his feet +When Caesar crossed and trod beneath his feet The soil of Italy's forbidden fields, "Here," spake he, "peace, here broken laws be left; Farewell to treaties. Fortune, lead me on; @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ In depth of winter all the fields are still, The birds are voiceless and no sound is heard To break the silence of the central sea. But when the day had broken through the shades -Of chilly darkness, lo! the torch of war! +Of chilly darkness, lo! the torch of war! For by the hand of Fate is swift dispersed All Caesar's shame of battle, and his mind Scarce doubted more; and Fortune toiled to make @@ -396,8 +396,8 @@ For death and wounds and Roman blood outpoured? Rome arms her choicest sons; the sturdy oaks Are felled to make a fleet; -- what could she more If from the Alps fierce Hannibal were come -With all his Punic host? By land and sea -Caesar shall fly! Fly? Though in adverse war +With all his Punic host? 'By land and sea +Caesar shall fly!' Fly? Though in adverse war Our best had fallen, and the savage Gaul Were hard upon our track, we would not fly. And now, when fortune smiles and kindly gods @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ That pirates only till the fields alight? Unfurl your standards; victory gilds them yet, As through those glorious years. Deny our rights! He that denies them makes our quarrel just. -Nay! use the strength that we have made our own. +Nay! use the strength that we have made our own. No booty seek we, nor imperial power. This would-be ruler of subservient Rome We force to quit his grasp; and Heaven shall smile @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ Falls headlong, and the loud re-echoing woods, Or bending, or rebounding from the stroke, In sounding chorus lift the roar on high. -When Csesar saw them welcome thus the war +When Caesar saw them welcome thus the war And Fortune leading on, and favouring fates, He seized the moment, called his troops from Gaul, And breaking up his camp set on for Rome. @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ And breaking up his camp set on for Rome. The tents are vacant by Lake Leman's side; The camps upon the beetling crags of Vosges No longer hold the warlike Lingon down, -Fierce in his painted arms; Isere is left, +Fierce in his painted arms; Isère is left, Who past his shallows gliding, flows at last Into the current of more famous Rhone, To reach the ocean in another name. @@ -683,10 +683,10 @@ Arms clashed; and sounding in the pathless woods Were heard strange voices; spirits walked the earth: And dead men's ashes muttered from the urn. Those who live near the walls desert their homes, -For lo! with hissing serpents in her hair, +For lo! with hissing serpents in her hair, Waving in downward whirl a blazing pine, A fiend patrols the town, like that which erst -At Thebes urged on Agave (24), or which hurled +At Thebes urged on Agavé (24), or which hurled Lycurgus' bolts, or that which as he came From Hades seen, at haughty Juno's word, Brought terror to the soul of Hercules. @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ The lore of omens; knowing what may mean The flight of hovering bird, the pulse that beats In offered victims, and the levin bolt. All monsters first, by most unnatural birth -Brought into being, in accursd flames +Brought into being, in accursèd flames He bids consume (26). Then round the walls of Rome Each trembling citizen in turn proceeds. The priests, chief guardians of the public faith, @@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ Of this foul war in foulest murder done. Again the factions rise; through all the world Once more I pass; but give me some new land, Some other region, Phoebus, to behold! -Washed by the Pontic billows! for these eyes +Washed by the Pontic billows! for these eyes Already once have seen Philippi's plains!" (28) The frenzy left her and she speechless fell. @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ The frenzy left her and she speechless fell. ENDNOTES: -(1) 'The great Emathian conqueror' (Milton's sonnet). Emathia +(1) "The great Emathian conqueror" (Milton's sonnet). Emathia was part of Macedonia, but the word is used loosely for Thessaly or Macedonia. (2) Crassus had been defeated and slain by the Parthians in B.C. @@ -853,12 +853,12 @@ ENDNOTES: many who dreamed at the time that the disasters of the Civil War were being compensated by the wealth and prosperity of the empire under Nero; and the assurance of universal peace, - then almost realised, which is expressed in lines 69-81, + then almost realised, which is expressed in lines 69-71, seems inconsistent with the idea that this passage was written in irony. (See Lecky's "European Morals from - Augustus to Charlemagne", vol. i.p.240, who describes these - latter verses as Written with all the fervour of a Christian - poet. See also Merivale's "Roman Empire," chapter liv.) + Augustus to Charlemagne", vol. i. p. 240, who describes these + latter verses as "Written with all the fervour of a Christian + poet." See also Merivale's "Roman Empire", chapter liv.) (4) See a similar passage in the final scene of Ben Jonson's "Catiline". The cutting of the Isthmus of Corinth was proposed in Nero's reign, and actually commenced in his @@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ ENDNOTES: Nor can one England brook a double reign Of Harry Percy and the Prince of Wales." -- "1 Henry IV", Act v., Scene 4. -(6) This had taken place in B.C.54, about five years before the +(6) This had taken place in B.C. 54, about five years before the action of the poem opens. (7) This famous line was quoted by Lamartine when addressing the French Assembly in 1848. He was advocating, against the @@ -880,20 +880,20 @@ ENDNOTES: powerful), that the President of the Republic should be chosen by the nation, and not by the Assembly; and he ended by saying that if the course he advocated was disastrous to - himself, 'Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni.' -(8) 'Plausuque sui gaudere theatri.' Quoted by Mr. Pitt, in his + himself, "Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni." +(8) "Plausuque sui gaudere theatri." Quoted by Mr. Pitt, in his speech on the address in 1783, on the occasion of peace being made with France, Spain, and America; in allusion to - Mr. Sheridan. The latter replied, 'If ever I again engage + Mr. Sheridan. The latter replied, "If ever I again engage in the compositions he alludes to, I may be tempted to an act of presumption -- to attempt an improvement on one of Ben Jonson's best characters -- the character of the Angry - Boy in the "Alchymist."' -(9) Cicero wrote thus of Caesar: 1Have you ever read or heard of + Boy in the 'Alchymist'." +(9) Cicero wrote thus of Caesar: "Have you ever read or heard of a man more vigorous in action or more moderate in the use of - victory than our Caesar?' -- Epp. ad Diversos,' viii. 15. + victory than our Caesar?" -- "Epp. ad Diversos", viii. 15. (10) Marlowe has it: - "...And swords + "... And swords With ugly teeth of black rust foully scarred." (11) In the Senate, Curio had proposed and carried a resolution that Pompeius and Caesar should lay their arms down @@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ ENDNOTES: remedy for the scarcity of grain. But his enemies said that he had caused the scarcity in order to get the power. (14) Milo was brought to trial for the murder of Clodius in - B.C.52, about three years before this. Pompeius, then sole + B.C. 52, about three years before this. Pompeius, then sole Consul, had surrounded the tribunal with soldiers, who at one time charged the crowd. Milo was sent into exile at Massilia. @@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ ENDNOTES: absurdity. (20) Plutarch says the Consuls fled without making the sacrifices usual before wars. ("Pomp." 61.) -(21) Compare Ben Jonson's "Catiline," I. 1: -- +(21) Compare Ben Jonson's "Catiline", I. 1: -- Lecca: The day goes back, Or else my senses. Curius: As at Atreus' feast. @@ -954,12 +954,12 @@ ENDNOTES: (Marlowe.) The Latin word is "jugis". (24) Book VI., 420. (25) Sulla was buried in the Campus Martius. (Plutarch, - "Sulla,".) The corpse of Marius was dragged from his tomb + "Sulla", 38.) The corpse of Marius was dragged from his tomb by Sulla's order, and thrown into the Anio. (26) Such a ceremonial took place in A.D. 56 under Nero, after the temples of Jupiter and Minerva had been struck by lightning, and was probably witnessed by Lucan himself. - (See Merivale's "History of the Roman Empire," chapter lii.) + (See Merivale's "History of the Roman Empire", chapter lii.) (27) See Book IX., 1178. (28) The confusion between the site of the battle of Philippi and that of the battle of Pharsalia is common among the Roman @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ BOOK II THE FLIGHT OF POMPEIUS -This was made plain the anger of the gods; +Thus was made plain the anger of the gods; The universe gave signs Nature reversed In monstrous tumult fraught with prodigies Her laws, and prescient spake the coming guilt. @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ By omens dire the massacre to come? Or did the primal parent of the world When first the flames gave way and yielding left Matter unformed to his subduing hand, -And realms unbalanced, fix by stern decree' +And realms unbalanced, fix by stern decree Unalterable laws to bind the whole (Himself, too, bound by law), so that for aye All Nature moves within its fated bounds? @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ Address the cruel gods in just complaint. On Cannae's uplands or by Trebia's stream Fought and were slain! What wretched lot is ours! No peace we ask for: let the nations rage; -Rouse fiercest cities! may the world find arms +Rouse fiercest cities! may the world find arms To wage a war with Rome: let Parthian hosts Rush forth from Susa; Scythian Ister curb No more the Massagete: unconquered Rhine @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ And thus spake one, to justify his fears: When Marius (1), victor over Teuton hosts, Afric's high conqueror, cast out from Rome, Lay hid in marshy ooze, at thy behest, -O Fortune! by the yielding soil concealed +O Fortune! by the yielding soil concealed And waving rushes; but ere long the chains Of prison wore his weak and aged frame, And lengthened squalor: thus he paid for crime @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ And dropped the weapon from his nerveless hand. For through the prison gloom a flame of light He saw; the deities of crime abhorred; The Marius to come. A voice proclaimed -Mysterious, 'Hold! the fates permit thee not +Mysterious, 'Hold! the fates permit thee not That neck to sever. Many a death he owes To time's predestined laws ere his shall come; Cease from thy madness. If ye seek revenge @@ -1097,17 +1097,17 @@ Forged into weapons for his ruffian needs. No charge he gave to mere recruits in guilt Who brought not to the camp some proof of crime. How dread that day when conquering Marius seized -The city's ramparts! with what fated speed -Death strode upon his victims! plebs alike +The city's ramparts! with what fated speed +Death strode upon his victims! plebs alike And nobles perished; far and near the sword Struck at his pleasure, till the temple floors Ran wet with slaughter and the crimson stream Befouled with slippery gore the holy walls. -No age found pity men of failing years, +No age found pity: men of failing years, Just tottering to the grave, were hurled to death; From infants, in their being's earliest dawn (4), The growing life was severed. For what crime? -Twas cause enough for death that they could die. +'Twas cause enough for death that they could die. The fury grew: soon 'twas a sluggard's part To seek the guilty: hundreds died to swell The tale of victims. Shamed by empty hands, @@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ Rises on high, applies the kindled torch: Nought, Rome, shall tear thee from me, till I hold Thy form in death embraced; and Freedom's name, Shade though it be, I'll follow to the grave. -Yea! let the cruel gods exact in full +Yea! let the cruel gods exact in full Rome's expiation: of no drop of blood The war be robbed. I would that, to the gods Of heaven and hell devoted, this my life @@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ At Milo's trial (23). When from far the plain Rolled up a dusty cloud, beneath whose veil The sheen of armour glistening in the sun, Revealed a marching host. "Dash down," he cried, -Swift; as ye can, the bridge that spans the stream; +"Swift as ye can, the bridge that spans the stream; And thou, O river, from thy mountain source With all thy torrents rushing, planks and beams Ruined and broken on thy foaming breast @@ -1561,7 +1561,6 @@ Gigantic stones, press forward, and the ram Creeps 'neath the ramparts; when the gates fly back, And lo! the traitor troops, foul crime in war, Yield up their leader. Him they place before - His proud compatriot; yet with upright form, And scornful features and with noble mien, He asks his death. But Caesar knew his wish @@ -1573,7 +1572,7 @@ Proof of my clemency -- or if thou wilt Take arms again -- and should'st thou conquer, count This pardon nothing." Thus he spake, and bade Let loose the bands and set the captive free. -Ah! better had he died, and fortune spared +Ah! better had he died, and fortune spared The Roman's last dishonour, whose worse doom It is, that he who joined his country's camp And fought with Magnus for the Senate's cause @@ -1602,7 +1601,7 @@ We wreak the vengeance; as when Catiline Lifted against her roofs the flaming brand And, partner in his fury, Lentulus, And mad Cethegus (26) with his naked arm. -Is such thy madness, Caesar? when the Fates +Is such thy madness, Caesar? when the Fates With great Camillus' and Metellus' names Might place thine own, dost thou prefer to rank With Marius and Cinna? Swift shall be @@ -1634,13 +1633,13 @@ And shall this Caesar drag the Senate down? Not with such blindness, not so lost to shame Does Fortune rule. Does he take heart from Gaul: For years on years rebellious, and a life -Spent there in labour? or because he fled +Spent there in labour? or because he fled Rhine's icy torrent and the shifting pools -He calls an ocean? or unchallenged sought +He calls an ocean? or unchallenged sought Britannia's cliffs; then turned his back in flight? Or does he boast because his citizens Were driven in arms to leave their hearths and homes? -Ah, vain delusion! not from thee they fled: +Ah, vain delusion! not from thee they fled: My steps they follow -- mine, whose conquering signs Swept all the ocean (29), and who, ere the moon Twice filled her orb and waned, compelled to flight @@ -1885,7 +1884,7 @@ ENDNOTES: with great loss, and fled to Praeneste, a town which afterwards submitted to Sulla, who put all the inhabitants to death (line 216). At the Colline gate was fought the - decisive battle between Sulla and the Saranires, who, after + decisive battle between Sulla and the Samnites, who, after a furious contest, were defeated. (11) Diomedes was said to feed his horses on human flesh. (For Antaeus see Book IV., 660.) Enomaus was king of Pisa in @@ -1921,7 +1920,7 @@ ENDNOTES: Phaethon was flung by Jupiter into the river Po. (19) See the note to Book I., 164. In reality Caesar found little resistance, and did not ravage the country. -(20) Thermus. to whom Iguvium had been entrusted by the Senate, +(20) Thermus, to whom Iguvium had been entrusted by the Senate, was compelled to quit it owing to the disaffection of the inhabitants. (Merivale, chapter xiv.) Auximon in a similar way rose against Varus. @@ -1936,7 +1935,7 @@ ENDNOTES: (24) That is to say, by the breaking of the bridge, the river would become a serious obstacle to Caesar. (25) See line 497. -(26) This family is also alluded to by Horace ("Ars Poetica,") as +(26) This family is also alluded to by Horace ("Ars Poetica", 50) as having worn a garment of ancient fashion leaving their arms bare. (See also Book VI., 945.) (27) In B.C. 77, after the death of Sulla, Carbo had been @@ -1958,7 +1957,7 @@ ENDNOTES: the fountains of the Nile." (Herod., II., chapter 28.) And see "Paradise Regained," IV., 70: -- "Syene, and where the shadow both way falls, - "Meroe, Nilotick isle;..." + Meroe, Nilotick isle;..." (32) Baetis is the Guadalquivir. (33) Theseus, on returning from his successful exploit in Crete, hoisted by mistake black sails instead of white, thus @@ -2061,10 +2060,10 @@ Gives way to northern and permits the clouds To drop their moisture on the teeming earth. This ordered, Caesar leads his legions on, Not armed for war, but as in time of peace -Returning to his home. Ah! had he come +Returning to his home. Ah! had he come With only Gallia conquered and the North (4), What long array of triumph had he brought! -What pictured scenes of battle! how had Rhine +What pictured scenes of battle! how had Rhine And Ocean borne his chains! How noble Gaul, And Britain's fair-haired chiefs his lofty car Had followed! Such a triumph had he lost @@ -2203,7 +2202,7 @@ Are left forsaken. Enchelaean tribes Whose king was Cadmus, and whose name records His transformation (12), join the host; and those Who till Penean fields and turn the share -Above Iolcos in Thessalian lands." +Above Iolcos in Thessalian lands. There first men steeled their hearts to dare the waves (13) And 'gainst the rage of ocean and the storm To match their strength, when the rude Argo sailed @@ -2324,7 +2323,7 @@ Nor e'er met nations varied thus in garb And thus in language. To Pompeius' death Thus Fortune called them: and a world in arms Witnessed his ruin. From where Afric's god, -Two-horned Ammon, rears his temple, came +Two-hornèd Ammon, rears his temple, came All Libya ceaseless, from the wastes that touch The bounds of Egypt to the shore that meets The Western Ocean. Thus, to award the prize @@ -2363,7 +2362,7 @@ Nor shrinks the world so much from taint of crime That civil wars reluctant swords require. But grant that strangers shun thy destinies And only Romans fight -- shall not the son -Shrink ere he strike his father? on both sides +Shrink ere he strike his father? on both sides Brothers forbid the weapon to be hurled? The world's end comes when other hands are armed (25) Than those which custom and the gods allow. @@ -2517,7 +2516,7 @@ Beheld, and thought some subterranean gust Had burst the caverns of the earth and forced The nodding pile aloft, and wondered sore Their walls should stand unshaken. From its height -Hissed clown the weapons; but the Grecian bolts +Hissed down the weapons; but the Grecian bolts With greater force were on the Romans hurled; Nor by the arm unaided, for the lance Urged by the catapult resistless rushed @@ -2578,7 +2577,7 @@ The trees were knit together, and the deck Gave steady foot-hold for an ocean fight. Meantime had Caesar's squadron kept the isles -Named Stoechades (28), and Brutus (29) turret ship +Named Stoechades (28), and Brutus' (29) turret ship Mastered the Rhone. Nor less the Grecian host -- Boys not yet grown to war, and aged men, Armed for the conflict, with their all at stake. @@ -2685,7 +2684,7 @@ So died, upon the side it held, the hand, Nor loosed its grasp in death. Yet with the wound His noble courage rose, and maimed he dared Renew the fray, and stretched across the sea -To grasp the lost -- in vain! another blow +To grasp the lost -- in vain! another blow Lopped arm and hand alike. Nor shield nor sword Henceforth are his. Yet even now he seeks No sheltering hold, but with his chest advanced @@ -2762,7 +2761,7 @@ Whose oily timbers soaked in pitch and wax Inflammable, gave welcome to the flames. Nor could the waves prevail against the blaze Which claimed as for its own the fragments borne -Upon the waters. Lo! on burning plank +Upon the waters. Lo! on burning plank One hardly 'scapes destruction; one to save His flaming ship, gives entrance to the main. Of all the forms of death each fears the one @@ -2810,9 +2809,9 @@ Thy frame, shall miss the living." Thus he spake, And hurled his javelin, blind, but not in vain; For Argus, generous youth of noble blood, Below the middle waist received the spear -And failing drave it home. His aged sire +And falling drave it home. His aged sire From furthest portion of the conquered ship -Beheld; than whom in prime of manhood none, +Beheld; than whom in prime of manhood none More brave in battle: now no more he fought, Yet did the memory of his prowess stir Phocaean youths to emulate his fame. @@ -2884,7 +2883,7 @@ ENDNOTES: been thrown into the river in Greece, and to have reappeared in the Sicilian fountain. See the note in Grote's "History of Greece", Edition 1863, vol. ii., p. 8.) -(12) As a serpent. XXXXX is the Greek word for serpent. +(12) As a serpent. ἔγχελυς is the Greek word for serpent. (13) Conf. Book VI., 473. (14) The Centaurs. (15) Probably the flute thrown away by Pallas, which Marsyas @@ -3064,7 +3063,7 @@ Err from the hidden furrow. Famine knocks (First herald of o'erwhelming ills to come), Fierce at the door; and while no foe blockades The soldier hungers; fortunes buy not now -The meanest measure; yet, alas! is found +The meanest measure; yet, alas! is found The fasting peasant, who, in gain of gold, Will sell his little all! And now the hills Are seen no more; and rivers whelmed in one; @@ -3212,14 +3211,14 @@ And thus in words of wrath, to stir the war: "Of Rome forgetful, to your faith forsworn! And could ye not with victory gained return, Restorers of her liberty, to Rome? -Lose then! but losing call not Caesar lord. +Lose then! but losing call not Caesar lord. While still your swords are yours, with blood to shed In doubtful battle, while the fates are hid, Will you like cravens to your master bear Doomed eagles? Will you ask upon your knees That Caesar deign to treat his slaves alike, And spare, forsooth, like yours, your leaders' lives? (12) -Nay! never shall our safety be the price +Nay! never shall our safety be the price Of base betrayal! Not for boon of life We wage a civil war. This name of peace Drags us to slavery. Ne'er from depths of earth, @@ -3347,7 +3346,7 @@ And scarce again returned; and yet agape, Their panting mouths sucked in the nightly dew; They watch for showers from heaven, and in despair Gaze on the clouds, whence lately poured a flood. -Nor were their tortures less that Meroe +Nor were their tortures less that Meroë Saw not their sufferings, nor Cancer's zone, Nor where the Garamantian turns the soil; But Sicoris and Iberus at their feet, @@ -3375,14 +3374,13 @@ So long as brave men should. The fates' decree No longer we withstand. Unto thy will We yield the western tribes: the east is thine And all the world lies open to thy march. -Be generous! blood nor sword nor wearied arm +Be generous! blood nor sword nor wearied arm Thy conquests bought. Thou hast not to forgive Aught but thy victory won. Nor ask we much. Give us repose; to lead in peace the life Thou shalt bestow; suppose these armed lines Are corpses prostrate on the field of war Ne'er were it meet that thy victorious ranks - Should mix with ours, the vanquished. Destiny Has run for us its course: one boon I beg; Bid not the conquered conquer in thy train." @@ -3401,14 +3399,14 @@ Their strength returned. Oh, lavish luxury, Contented never with the frugal meal! Oh greed that searchest over land and sea To furnish forth the banquet! Pride that joy'st -In sumptuous tables! learn what life requires, +In sumptuous tables! learn what life requires, How little nature needs! No ruddy juice Pressed from the vintage in some famous year, Whose consuls are forgotten, served in cups With gold and jewels wrought restores the spark, The failing spark, of life; but water pure And simplest fruits of earth. The flood, the field -Suffice for nature. Ah! the weary lot +Suffice for nature. Ah! the weary lot Of those who war! But these, their amour laid Low at the victor's feet, with lightened breast, Secure themselves, no longer dealing death, @@ -3420,7 +3418,7 @@ And prayed the gods for victory in vain! Nay, hard they think the victor's lot, for whom A thousand risks and battles still remain; If fortune never is to leave his side, -How often must he triumph! and how oft +How often must he triumph! and how oft Pour out his blood where'er great Caesar leads! Happy, thrice happy, he who, when the world Is nodding to its ruin, knows the spot @@ -3447,7 +3445,7 @@ But for his steeds the earth no forage gave, Nor golden Ceres harvest; but his troops Gnawed the dry herbage of the scanty turf Within their rampart lines. But when they knew -That Baslus was on th' opposing shore +That Basilus was on th' opposing shore With friendly force, by novel mode of flight They aim to reach him. Not the accustomed keel They lay, nor build the ship, but shapeless rafts @@ -3555,7 +3553,7 @@ That no more rafts were stayed. They'll offer terms And tempt us with a base unhonoured life. Would that, to give that death which shall be ours The greater glory, they may bid us hope -For pardon and for life! lest when our swords +For pardon and for life! lest when our swords Are reeking with our hearts'-blood, they may say This was despair of living. Great must be The prowess of our end, if in the hosts @@ -3578,7 +3576,7 @@ At noon near Cancer; and the hours of night (14) Were shortened by the Archer. When day broke, -Lo! on the rocks the Istrians; while the sea +Lo! on the rocks the Istrians; while the sea Swarmed with the galleys and their Grecian fleet All armed for fight: but first the war was stayed And terms proposed: life to the foe they thought @@ -3633,7 +3631,7 @@ To guide the stroke. But tyranny is feared As dealing death; and Freedom's self is galled By ruthless arms; and knows not that the sword Was given for this, that none need live a slave. -Ah Death! would'st thou but let the coward live +Ah Death! would'st thou but let the coward live And grant the brave alone the prize to die! Nor less were Libyan fields ablaze with war. @@ -4000,7 +3998,7 @@ ENDNOTES: to have been stained with vice. (23) See Book II., 537. (24) Preferring the reading "praeripe", with Francken. -(25) Bewick ("Quadrupeds," p. 238) tells the following anecdote +(25) Bewick ("Quadrupeds", p. 238) tells the following anecdote of a tame ichneumon which had never seen a serpent, and to which he brought a small one. "Its first emotion seemed to be astonishment mixed with anger; its hair became erect; in @@ -4104,7 +4102,7 @@ To serve King Juba's sceptre; and, alas! On Ptolemaeus, of a faithless race The faithless sovereign, scandal to the gods, And shame to Fortune, placed the diadem -Of Pella. Boy! thy sword was only sharp +Of Pella. Boy! thy sword was only sharp Against thy people. Ah if that were all! The fatal gift gave, too, Pompeius' life; Bereft thy sister of her sire's bequest, (5) @@ -4142,7 +4140,7 @@ Henceforth to prophesy. Has left heaven's light in this dark cave to hide? What spirit that knows the secrets of the world And things to come, here condescends to dwell, -Divine, omnipotent? bear the touch of man, +Divine, omnipotent? bear the touch of man, And at his bidding deigns to lift the veil? Perchance he sings the fates, perchance his song, Once sung, is fate. Haply some part of Jove @@ -4302,7 +4300,7 @@ Her weary heart throbs ever; and as seas Boom swollen by northern winds, she finds in sighs, All inarticulate, relief. But while She hastes from that dread light in which she saw -The fates, to common day, lo! on her path +The fates, to common day, lo! on her path The darkness fell. Then by a Stygian draught Of the forgetful river, Phoebus snatched Back from her soul his secrets; and she fell @@ -4365,7 +4363,7 @@ What homes or temples did we spoil? Our hands Reek with offence! Aye, but our poverty Proclaims our innocence! What end shall be Of arms and armies? What shall be enough -If Rome suffice not? and what lies beyond? +If Rome suffice not? and what lies beyond? Behold these silvered locks, these nerveless hands And shrunken arms, once stalwart! In thy wars Gone is the strength of life, gone all its pride! @@ -4408,7 +4406,7 @@ Nor feared he aught save order at the hands Of that unconquered host. Art thou not shamed That strife should please thee only, now condemned Even by thy minions? Shall they shrink from blood, -They from the sword recoil? and thou rush on +They from the sword recoil? and thou rush on Heedless of guilt, through right and through unright, Nor learn that men may lay their arms aside Yet bear to live? This civil butchery @@ -4430,7 +4428,7 @@ Well, leave me then to battle and to fate! I cast you forth; for every weapon left, Fortune shall find a man, to wield it well. Shall Magnus in his flight with such a fleet -Draw nations in his train; and not to me as +Draw nations in his train; and not to me My victories bring hosts, to whom shall fall The prize of war accomplished, who shall reap Your laurels scorned, and scathless join the train @@ -4458,7 +4456,7 @@ Though not to fight against me with the foe, Joins not my ranks again. Surely the gods Smile on these arms who for so great a war Grant me fresh soldiers. From what heavy load -Fortune relieves me! for the hands which aimed +Fortune relieves me! for the hands which aimed At all, to which the world did not suffice, I now disarm, and for myself alone Reserve the conflict. Quit ye, then, my camp, @@ -4664,9 +4662,9 @@ By fates adverse compelled?" He stirs the heap Upon the hearth, until a tiny spark Glows in the darkness, and throws wide the door. Careless of war, he knew that civil strife -Stoops not to cottages. Oh! happy life -That poverty affords! great gift of heaven -Too little understood! what mansion wall, +Stoops not to cottages. Oh! happy life +That poverty affords! great gift of heaven +Too little understood! what mansion wall, What temple of the gods, would feel no fear When Caesar called for entrance? Then the chief: "Enlarge thine hopes and look for better things. @@ -4721,7 +4719,7 @@ In this wild rage of waters. To return Back on our course forbidden by the gods, Is our one refuge, and with labouring boat To reach the shore ere yet the nearest land -Way be too distant." +May be too distant." But great Caesar's trust Was in himself, to make all dangers yield. @@ -4838,7 +4836,7 @@ Of pyre or funeral; let my body lie Mangled beneath the waves: I leave a name That men shall dread in ages yet to come And all the earth shall honour." Thus he spake, -When lo! a tenth gigantic billow raised +When lo! a tenth gigantic billow raised The feeble keel, and where between the rocks A cleft gave safety, placed it on the shore. Thus in a moment fortune, kingdoms, lands, @@ -4867,7 +4865,7 @@ All men must bear what chance or fate may bring, The sudden peril and the stroke of death; But shall the ruler of the world attempt The raging ocean? With incessant prayers -Why weary heaven? is it indeed enough +Why weary heaven? is it indeed enough To crown the war, that Fortune and the deep Have cast thee on our shores? And would'st thou use The grace of favouring deities, to gain @@ -5029,7 +5027,7 @@ ENDNOTES: (5) By the will of Ptolemy Auletes, Cleopatra had been appointed joint sovereign of Egypt with her young brother. Lucan means that Caesar would have killed Pompeius if young - Ptolemy had not done so. She lost her hare of the kingdom, + Ptolemy had not done so. She lost her share of the kingdom, and Caesar was clear of the crime. (6) Appius was Proconsul, and in command of Achaia, for the Senate. @@ -5083,7 +5081,7 @@ ENDNOTES: (25) Caesar performed the solemn rites of the great Latin festival on the Alban Mount during his Dictatorship. (Compare Book VII., line 471.) -(26) Dyrrhachium was founded by the Corcyreams, with whom the +(26) Dyrrhachium was founded by the Corcyreans, with whom the Homeric Phaeacians have been identified. (27) Apparently making the Danube discharge into the Sea of Azov. See Mr. Heitland's Introduction, p. 53. @@ -5376,7 +5374,7 @@ Those that find lodgment, while his life within Lies safe, protected, nor doth spear avail To reach the fount of blood. Unnumbered wounds By arrow dealt, or lance, thus fail to slay -This single warrior. But lo! from far +This single warrior. But lo! from far A Cretan archer's shaft, more sure of aim Than vows could hope for, strikes on Scaeva's brow To light within his eye: the hero tugs @@ -5519,7 +5517,7 @@ In midmost forum of her capital, To join the battle. So that banished far Be war from Rome, I'll cross the torrid zone Or those for ever frozen Scythian shores. -What! shall my victory rob thee of the peace +What! shall my victory rob thee of the peace I gave thee by my flight? Rather than thou Should'st feel the evils of this impious war, Let Caesar deem thee his." Thus said, his course @@ -5558,7 +5556,7 @@ Of that most awful torch; Larissa's hold Potent of yore; and Argos, (16) famous erst, O'er which men pass the ploughshare: and the spot Fabled as Echionian Thebes, (17) where once -Agave bore in exile to the pyre +Agavé bore in exile to the pyre (Grieving 'twas all she had) the head and neck Of Pentheus massacred. The lake set free Flowed forth in many rivers: to the west @@ -5730,7 +5728,7 @@ Whence comes this labour on the gods, compelled To hearken to the magic chant and spells, Nor daring to despise them? Doth some bond Control the deities? Is their pleasure so, -Or must they listen? and have silent threats +Or must they listen? and have silent threats Prevailed, or piety unseen received So great a guerdon? Against all the gods Is this their influence, or on one alone @@ -5832,8 +5830,8 @@ To flow in torrents; and she thus forbade Philippi's field, polluted with her song, Thick with her poisonous distilments sown, To let the war pass by. Such deaths, she hopes, -Soon shall be hers! the blood of all the world -Shed for her use! to her it shall be given +Soon shall be hers! the blood of all the world +Shed for her use! to her it shall be given To sever from their trunks the heads of kings, Plunder the ashes of the noble dead, Italia's bravest, and in triumph add @@ -6075,7 +6073,7 @@ From me received anew: for such reward Think not this second life enforced in vain. Obscure may be the answers of the gods By priestess spoken at the holy shrine; -But whose braves the oracles of death +But whoso braves the oracles of death In search of truth, should gain a sure response. Then speak, I pray thee. Let the hidden fates Tell through thy voice the mysteries to come." @@ -6177,11 +6175,11 @@ ENDNOTES: (8) The vinewood staff was the badge of the centurion's office. (9) This giant, like Typhon, was buried under Mount Etna. (10) Juba and Petreius killed each other after the battle of - Thepsus to avoid falling into Caesar's hands. See Book IV., + Thapsus to avoid falling into Caesar's hands. See Book IV., line 5. (11) So Cicero: "Shall I, who have been called saviour of the city and father of my country, bring into it an army of - Getae Armenians and Colchians?" ("Ep. ad Atticum," ix., 10.) + Getae, Armenians and Colchians?" ("Ep. ad Atticum", ix., 10.) (12) See Book VIII., line 3. (13) Protesilaus, from this place, first landed at Troy. (14) Thamyris challenged the Muses to a musical contest, and @@ -6357,13 +6355,13 @@ And shouts of welcome bid great Caesar hail. The stars had fled before the growing morn, When eager voices (as the fates drew on The world to ruin) round Pompeius' tent -Demand the battle signal. What! by those +Demand the battle signal. What! by those So soon to perish, shall the sign be asked, -Their own, their country's doom? Ah! fatal rage +Their own, their country's doom? Ah! fatal rage That hastens on the hour; no other sun Upon this living host shall rise again. "Pompeius fears!" they cry. "He's slow to act; -Too 'kind to Caesar; and he fondly rules +Too kind to Caesar; and he fondly rules A world of subject peoples; but with peace Such rule were ended." Eastern kings no less, And peoples, eager for their distant homes, @@ -6583,7 +6581,7 @@ This fight demands the slaughter of a world. Caesar that day to send his troops for spoil Had left his tent, when on the further hill -Behold! his foe descending to the plain. +Behold! his foe descending to the plain. The moment asked for by a thousand prayers Is come, which puts his fortune on the risk Of imminent war, to win or lose it all. @@ -6942,7 +6940,7 @@ There stood the victim, and the victor's arm Wearied of slaughter. Oh, that to thy plains, Pharsalia, might suffice the crimson stream From hosts barbarian, nor other blood -Pollute thy fountains' sources! these alone +Pollute thy fountains' sources! these alone Shall clothe thy pastures with the bones of men! Or if thy fields must run with Roman blood Then spare the nations who in times to come @@ -7114,7 +7112,7 @@ To quit their chief his soldiers might refuse, And o'er his prostrate corpse a world in arms Might find its ruin: or perchance he wished From Caesar's eager eyes to veil his death. -In vain, unhappy! for the fates decree +In vain, unhappy! for the fates decree He shall behold, shorn from the bleeding trunk, Again thy visage. And thou, too, his spouse, Beloved Cornelia, didst cause his flight; @@ -7245,7 +7243,7 @@ Of Caesar dreaming. Not in other guise Orestes saw the Furies ere he fled To purge his sin within the Scythian bounds; Nor in more fierce convulsions raged the soul -Of Pentheus raving; nor Agave's (26) mind +Of Pentheus raving; nor Agavé's (26) mind When she had known her son. Before his gaze Flashed all the javelins which Pharsalia saw, Or that avenging day when drew their blades @@ -7350,7 +7348,7 @@ Or those which pierced by ancient roots have spread Through broken stones their sacred urns abroad. Thus shall the ploughman of Haemonia gaze On more abundant ashes, and the rake -Pass o'er more frequent bones. Wert, Thracia, thou. +Pass o'er more frequent bones. Wert, Thracia, thou, Our only battlefield, no sailor's hand Upon thy shore should make his cable fast; No spade should turn, the husbandman should flee @@ -7374,7 +7372,7 @@ ENDNOTES: (1) "It is, methinks, a morning full of fate! It riseth slowly, as her sullen car - Had all the weight of sleep and death hung at it!" + Had all the weight of sleep and death hung at it! ... And her sick head is bound about with clouds As if she threatened night ere noon of day." @@ -7534,7 +7532,7 @@ Of prosperous chance? By red Peneus blushing from the fray, Borne in a sloop, to lightest wind and wave Scarce equal, he, whose countless oars yet smote -Upon Coreyra's isle and Leucas point, +Upon Corcyra's isle and Leucas point, Lord of Cilicia and Liburnian lands, Crept trembling to the sea. He bids them steer For the sequestered shores of Lesbos isle; @@ -7824,7 +7822,7 @@ But that I rise afresh with living hope Of future victories, and spurn defeat. From Libyan ruins did not Marius rise Again recorded Consul on the page -Full of his honours? shall a lighter blow +Full of his honours? shall a lighter blow Keep Magnus down, whose thousand chiefs and ships Still plough the billows; by defeat his strength Not whelmed but scattered? And the fame alone @@ -7892,7 +7890,7 @@ Or Crassus be avenged." But murmurs rose, And Magnus speaking knew his words condemned. -Then Lentulas (12) answered, with indignant soul, +Then Lentulus (12) answered, with indignant soul, Foremost to rouse their valour, thus in words Worthy a Consul: "Have Thessalian woes Broken thy spirit so? One day's defeat @@ -7903,8 +7901,8 @@ Thee, Magnus, to the Parthians' feet alone? And dost thou, fugitive, spurn the lands and skies Known heretofore, and seek for other poles And constellations, and Chaldaean gods, -And rites barbarian, servant of the realm Of -Parthia? But why then took we arms +And rites barbarian, servant of the realm +Of Parthia? But why then took we arms For love of liberty? If thou canst slave Thou hast deceived the world! Shall Parthia see Thee at whose name, ruler of mighty Rome, @@ -8125,7 +8123,7 @@ If not by arms thy cause. This sword, which fate Bids us make ready, not for thee I hold Prepared, but for the vanquished; and on thee (Would it had been on Caesar) falls the stroke; -For we are borne. as all things, to his side. +For we are borne, as all things, to his side. And dost thou doubt, since thou art in my power, Thou art my victim? By what trust in us Cam'st thou, unhappy? Scarce our people tills @@ -8154,7 +8152,7 @@ Runs out in sand below the Casian mount And where the shallow waters of the sea Attest the Syrtes near, in little boat Achillas and his partners in the crime -With swords embark. Ye gods! and shall the Nile +With swords embark. Ye gods! and shall the Nile And barbarous Memphis and th' effeminate crew That throngs Pelusian Canopus raise Its thoughts to such an enterprise? Do thus @@ -8260,7 +8258,7 @@ And think upon thy fame and all the years While fortune smiled: but for the ills of life How thou could'st bear them, this men shall not know Save by thy death. Then weigh thou not the shame -That waits on thine undoing. Whose strikes, +That waits on thine undoing. Whoso strikes, The blow is Caesar's. Men may tear this frame And cast it mangled to the winds of heaven; Yet have I prospered, nor can all the gods @@ -8296,9 +8294,9 @@ Beneath the waters; or some sailor's hand Shall bind around this neck the fatal cord; Or else some comrade, worthy of his chief, Drive to my heart his blade for Magnus' sake, -And claim the service done to Ceasar's arms. -What! does your cruelty withhold my fate? -Ah! still he lives, nor is it mine as yet +And claim the service done to Caesar's arms. +What! does your cruelty withhold my fate? +Ah! still he lives, nor is it mine as yet To win this freedom; they forbid me death, Kept for the victor's triumph." Thus she spake, While friendly hands upheld her fainting form; @@ -8319,12 +8317,12 @@ Slow at its hideous task, and blows unskilled Hacked through the flesh and brake the knotted bone: For yet man had not learned by swoop of sword Deftly to lop the neck. Achillas claimed -The gory head dissevered. What! shalt thou +The gory head dissevered. What! shalt thou A Roman soldier, while thy blade yet reeks From Magnus' slaughter, play the second part To this base varlet of the Pharian king? Nor bear thyself the bleeding trophy home? -Then, that the impious boy (ah! shameful fate) +Then, that the impious boy (ah! shameful fate) Might know the features of the hero slain, Seized by the locks, the dread of kings, which waved Upon his stately front, on Pharian pike @@ -8545,7 +8543,7 @@ Thy sacred ashes to their last abode. Who now may seek beneath the raging Crab Or hot Syene's waste, or Thebes athirst Under the rainy Pleiades, to gaze -On Nile's broad stream; or whose may exchange +On Nile's broad stream; or whoso may exchange On the Red Sea or in Arabian ports Some Eastern merchandise, shall turn in awe To view the venerable stone that marks @@ -8585,7 +8583,7 @@ ENDNOTES: that he had led his armies to such extreme distances, but he never in fact did so. -- Mommsen, vol. iv. p. 147. (8) Juba was of supposed collateral descent from Hannibal. - (Haskins, quoting "The Scholiast.") + (Haskins, quoting "The Scholiast".) (9) Confusing the Red Sea with the Persian Gulf. (10) Balkh of modern times. Bactria was one of the kingdoms established by the successors of Alexander the Great. It @@ -8638,20 +8636,20 @@ ENDNOTES: have been discovered in the Sibylline books at the time when it was desired to prevent Pompeius from interfering in the affairs of Egypt, in B.C. 57. -(24) That is, by their weeping for Iris departure they treated +(24) That is, by their weeping for his departure they treated him as a mortal and not as a god. Osiris was the soul of Apis (see on line 537), and when that animal grew old and unfit for the residence of Osiris the latter was thought to - quit it. Then began the weeping. which continued until a + quit it. Then began the weeping, which continued until a new Apis appeared, selected, of course, by Osiris for his dwelling-place. Then they called out "We have found him, let us rejoice." For a discussion on the Egyptian - conception of Osiris, and Iris place in the theogony of that + conception of Osiris, and his place in the theogony of that nation, see Hegel's "Lectures on the Philosophy of History": Chapter on Egypt. (25) It may be noted that the Emperor Hadrian raised a monument on the spot to the memory of Pompeius some sixty years after - this was written (Durny's 'History of Rome,' iii., 319). + this was written (Durny's "History of Rome", iii., 319). Plutarch states that Cornelia had the remains taken to Rome and interred in a mausoleum. Lucan, it may be supposed, knew nothing of this. @@ -8752,7 +8750,7 @@ Piled up in insult to his mighty shade. Happy the Crassi lying on the waste Unburied. To the greater shame of heaven Pompeius has such funeral. And shall this -For ever be my lot? her husbands slain +For ever be my lot? her husbands slain Cornelia ne'er enclose within the tomb, Nor shed the tear beside the urn that holds The ashes of the loved? Yet for my grief @@ -8991,7 +8989,7 @@ For all the shore was stirring with a crowd Athirst for slavery. But burst these words From Cato's blameless breast: "Then with like vows As Caesar's rival host ye too did seek -A lord and master! not for Rome the fight, +A lord and master! not for Rome the fight, But for Pompeius! For that now no more Ye fight for tyranny, but for yourselves, Not for some despot chief, ye live and die; @@ -9148,7 +9146,7 @@ On this our enterprise to lead a band Blind to the truth, unwitting of the risk. Nay, give me comrades for the danger's sake, Whom I shall see for honour and for Rome -Bear up against the worst. But whose needs +Bear up against the worst. But whoso needs A pledge of safety, to whom life is sweet, Let him by fairer journey seek his lord. First be my foot upon the sand; on me @@ -9257,7 +9255,7 @@ Gripping the earth: for not their weight alone Withstood the tempest which upon their frames Piled mighty heaps, and their recumbent limbs Buried in sand. At length they struggling rose -Back to their feet, when lo! around them stood, +Back to their feet, when lo! around them stood, Forced by the storm, a growing bank of earth Which held them motionless. And from afar Where walls lay prostrate, mighty stones were hurled, @@ -9292,7 +9290,7 @@ Sole in all Libya, th' untutored tribes Of Garamantians. Here holds his seat (So saith the story) a prophetic Jove, Wielding no thunderbolts, nor like to ours, -The Libyan Hammen of the curved horn. +The Libyan Hammon of the curved horn. No wealth adorns his fane by Afric tribes Bestowed, nor glittering hoard of Eastern gems. Though rich Arabians, Ind and Ethiop @@ -9364,13 +9362,13 @@ Make difference? Can violence to the good Do injury? Do Fortune's threats avail Outweighed by virtue? Doth it not suffice To aim at deeds of bravery? Can fame -Grow by achievement? Nay! No Hammen's voice +Grow by achievement? Nay! No Hammon's voice Shall teach us this more surely than we know. Bound are we to the gods; no voice we need; They live in all our acts, although the shrine Be silent: at our birth and once for all What may be known the author of our being -Revealed; nor Chose these thirsty sands to chaunt +Revealed; nor chose these thirsty sands to chaunt To few his truth, whelmed in the dusty waste. God has his dwelling in all things that be, In earth and air and sea and starry vault, @@ -9397,7 +9395,7 @@ The eager ranks pressed onward, he alone Until the humblest follower might drink Stood motionless. If for the truly good Is fame, and virtue by the deed itself, -Not by sucoessful issue, should be judged, +Not by successful issue, should be judged, Yield, famous ancestors! Fortune, not worth Gained you your glory. But such name as his Who ever merited by successful war @@ -9405,7 +9403,7 @@ Or slaughtered peoples? Rather would I lead With him his triumph through the pathless sands And Libya's bounds, than in Pompeius' car Three times ascend the Capitol, (18) or break -The proud Jugurtha. (19) Rome! in him behold +The proud Jugurtha. (19) Rome! in him behold His country's father, worthiest of thy vows; A name by which men shall not blush to swear, Whom, should'st thou break the fetters from thy neck, @@ -9416,7 +9414,7 @@ Than which no further on the Southern side The gods permit, they trod; and scarcer still The water, till in middle sands they found One bounteous spring which clustered serpents held -Though scaroe the space sufficed. By thirsting snakes +Though scarce the space sufficed. By thirsting snakes The fount was thronged and asps pressed on the marge. But when the chieftain saw that speedy fate Was on the host, if they should leave the well @@ -9479,10 +9477,10 @@ Here born of Danae and the golden shower, Floating on wings Parrhasian, by the god Arcadian given, author of the lyre And wrestling art, came Perseus, down from heaven -Swooping. Cyllenian Harp (21) did he bear +Swooping. Cyllenian Harpé (21) did he bear Still crimson from another monster slain, The guardian of the heifer loved by Jove. -This to her winged brother Pallas lent +This to her wingèd brother Pallas lent Price of the monster's head: by her command Upon the limits of the Libyan land He sought the rising sun, with flight averse, @@ -9499,8 +9497,8 @@ Though turned averse; trembled his dexter hand: But Pallas held, and the descending blade Shore the broad neck whence sprang the viper brood. What visage bore the Gorgon as the steel -Thus reft her life! what poison from her throat -Breathed! from her eyes what venom of death distilled! +Thus reft her life! what poison from her throat +Breathed! from her eyes what venom of death distilled! The goddess dared not look, and Perseus' face Had frozen, averse, had not Athena veiled With coils of writhing snakes the features dead. @@ -9554,7 +9552,7 @@ Furrows with tail alone his sandy path; Swift Jaculus there, and Seps (25) whose poisonous juice Makes putrid flesh and frame: and there upreared His regal head, and frighted from his track -With sibilant terror all the subject swam, +With sibilant terror all the subject swarm, Baneful ere darts his poison, Basilisk (26) In sands deserted king. Ye serpents too Who in all other regions harmless glide @@ -9634,8 +9632,8 @@ Thou bear'st the palm for hurtfulness: the life They snatch away, thou only with the life The clay that held it. - Lo! a different fate, -Not this by melting! for a Prester's fang + Lo! a different fate, +Not this by melting! for a Prester's fang Nasidius struck, who erst in Marsian fields Guided the ploughshare. Burned upon his face A redness as of flame: swollen the skin, @@ -9816,7 +9814,7 @@ Else spreads the poison: nor does fate permit A moment's silence. Oft from the black flesh Flies forth the pest beneath the magic song: But should it linger nor obey the voice, -Repugmant to the summons, on the wound +Repugnant to the summons, on the wound Prostrate they lay their lips and from the depths Now paling draw the venom. In their mouths, Sucked from the freezing flesh, they hold the death, @@ -9835,7 +9833,7 @@ Once more were earth, and in the distance rose Some groves of scanty foliage, and huts Of plastered straw unfashioned: and their hearts Leaped at the prospect of a better land. -How fled their sorrow! how with growing joy +How fled their sorrow! how with growing joy They met the savage lion in the path! In tranquil Leptis first they found retreat: And passed a winter free from heat and rain. (31) @@ -9902,7 +9900,7 @@ Lavinia's homes inhabit, and Alba's height: Gods of my sire Aeneas, in whose fanes The Trojan fire still burns: pledge of the past Mysterious Pallas, (24) of the inmost shrine, -Unseen of men! here in your ancient seat, +Unseen of men! here in your ancient seat, Most famous offspring of Iulus' race, I call upon you and with pious hand Burn frequent offerings. To my emprise @@ -9983,7 +9981,7 @@ Touch on thy heart. Didst think perchance that grief Might help thy cause 'mid lovers of his name? Or haply, moved by envy of the king, Griev'st that to other hands than thine was given -To shed the captive's life-blood? and complain'st +To shed the captive's life-blood? and complain'st Thy vengeance perished and the conquered chief Snatched from thy haughty hand? Whate'er the cause That urged thy grief, 'twas far removed from love. @@ -9992,7 +9990,7 @@ O'er lands and oceans, that without thy ken He should not perish? Nay! but well was reft From thine arbitrament his fate. What crime Did cruel Fortune spare, what depth of shame -To Roman honour! since she suffered not, +To Roman honour! since she suffered not, Perfidious traitor, while yet Magnus lived, That thou should'st pity him! @@ -10105,10 +10103,10 @@ ENDNOTES: For the conquest of Sertorius, B.C. 71; 3rd. For his Eastern triumphs, B.C. 61. (Compare Book II., 684, &c.) (19) Over whom Marius triumphed. -(20) Phoreus and Ceto were the parents of the Gorgons -- Stheno, +(20) Phorcus and Ceto were the parents of the Gorgons -- Stheno, Euryale. and Medusa, of whom the latter alone was mortal, (Hesiod. "Theogony", 276.) Phorcus was a son of Pontus and - Gaia (sea and land), ibid, 287. + Gaia (sea and land), ibid. 287. (21) The scimitar lent by Hermes (or Mercury) to Perseus for the purpose; with which had been slain Argus the guardian of Io (Conf. "Prometheus vinctus", 579.) Hermes was born in a @@ -10321,8 +10319,8 @@ Of marble, gleamed the palace. Agate stood In sturdy columns, bearing up the roof; Onyx and porphyry on the spacious floor Were trodden 'neath the foot; the mighty gates -Of Maroe's throughout were formed, -He mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, +Of Maröe's throughout were formed, +No mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, And fixed upon the doors with labour rare Shells of the tortoise gleamed, from Indian seas, With frequent emeralds studded. Gems of price @@ -10375,7 +10373,7 @@ In crystal goblets water of the Nile They handed, and in massive cups of price Was poured the wine; no juice of Mareot grape (7) But noble vintage of Falernian growth -Which in few years in Meroe's vats had foamed, +Which in few years in Meröe's vats had foamed, (For such the clime) to ripeness. On their brows Chaplets were placed of roses ever young With glistening nard entwined; and in their locks @@ -10473,7 +10471,7 @@ He finds his purpose, lest exceeding heat Consume the lands: and rising thus to meet Enkindled Lion, to Syene's prayers By Cancer burnt gives ear; nor curbs his wave -Till the slant sun and Meroe's lengthening shades +Till the slant sun and Meröe's lengthening shades Proclaim the autumn. Who shall give the cause? 'Twas Parent Nature's self which gave command Thus for the needs of earth should flow the Nile. @@ -10491,7 +10489,7 @@ Some speak of hollow caverns, breathing holes Deep in the earth, within whose mighty jaws Waters in noiseless current underneath From northern cold to southern climes are drawn: -And when hot Meroe pants beneath the sun, +And when hot Meröe pants beneath the sun, Then, say they, Ganges through the silent depths And Padus pass: and from a single fount The Nile arising not in single streams @@ -10554,10 +10552,10 @@ Nor did she wish thee to be seen of men While still a tiny rivulet, but preferred Their wonder to their knowledge. Where the sun Stays at his limit, dost thou rise in flood -Untimely; such try right: to other lands -Bearing try winter: and by both the poles +Untimely; such thy right: to other lands +Bearing thy winter: and by both the poles Thou only wanderest. Here men ask thy rise -And there thine ending. Meroe rich in soil +And there thine ending. Meröe rich in soil And tilled by swarthy husbandmen divides Thy broad expanse, rejoicing in the leaves Of groves of ebony, which though spreading far @@ -10661,7 +10659,7 @@ True, is not ours: what boots it? Nor are realms Nor wealth of peoples given to our command. Yet have we risen to a height of power For deeds of blood, and Fortune to our hands -Attracts her victims. Lo! a nobler now +Attracts her victims. Lo! a nobler now Lies in our compass, and a second death Hesperia shall appease; for Caesar's blood, Shed by these hands, shall give us this, that Rome @@ -10833,7 +10831,7 @@ Nor longer was Pothinus' doom delayed, Yet not with cross or flame, nor with the wrath His crime demanded; nor by savage beasts Torn, did he suffer; but by Magnus' death, -Alas the shame! he fell; his head by sword +Alas the shame! he fell; his head by sword Hacked from his shoulders. Next by frauds prepared By Ganymede her base attendant, fled Arsinoe (26) from the Court to Caesar's foes; |