diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084-h.zip | bin | 198832 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084-h/60084-h.htm | 2514 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 50723 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084-h/images/i002.jpg | bin | 100083 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084.txt | 2370 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60084.zip | bin | 45920 -> 0 bytes |
9 files changed, 17 insertions, 4884 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9365857 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60084 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60084) diff --git a/old/60084-h.zip b/old/60084-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 988089f..0000000 --- a/old/60084-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60084-h/60084-h.htm b/old/60084-h/60084-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 8cfb228..0000000 --- a/old/60084-h/60084-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2514 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of Life In Southern Prisons, by Charles Smedley. - </title> - <style type="text/css"> - - p { margin-top: .75em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .75em; - } - - p.bold {text-align: center; font-weight: bold;} - p.bold2 {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 150%;} - - h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; - } - h1 span, h2 span { display: block; text-align: center; } - #id1 { font-size: smaller } - - - hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; - } - - hr.smler { - width: 5%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 47.5%; - margin-right: 47.5%; - clear: both; - } - - body{margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - } - - table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: right;} - - .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - text-indent: 0px; - } /* page numbers */ - - .center {text-align: center;} - .smaller {font-size: smaller;} - .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - .mynote { background-color: #DDE; color: black; padding: .5em; margin-left: 20%; - margin-right: 20%; } /* colored box for notes at beginning of file */ - .box {max-width: 30em; margin: 1.5em auto;} - .space-above {margin-top: 3em;} - .right {text-align: right;} - - .poem {display: inline-block; text-align: left;} - .poem br {display: none;} - .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} - .poem div {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life in Southern Prisons, by Charles Smedley - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Life in Southern Prisons - From the Diary of Corporal Charles Smedley - -Author: Charles Smedley - -Editor: Charles H. Stubbs - James. H. Clark - Annie Smedley - Elwood Smedley - -Release Date: August 10, 2019 [EBook #60084] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE IN SOUTHERN PRISONS *** - - - - -Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class ="mynote"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br /> -Obvious typographic errors have been corrected.<br /></p></div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="center"><a name="cover.jpg" id="cover.jpg"></a><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" /></div> - -<hr /> - -<div class="center"><img src="images/i002.jpg" alt="Your Friend Chas. Smedley" /></div> - -<p class="bold">Your Friend Chas. Smedley</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<h1>LIFE <br />IN <br />SOUTHERN PRISONS;</h1> - -<p class="bold">FROM THE DIARY OF</p> - -<p class="bold2">CORPORAL CHARLES SMEDLEY,</p> - -<p class="bold"><span class="smcap">Of Company G, 90th Regiment Penn'a Volunteers</span>,</p> - -<p class="bold">COMMENCING A FEW DAYS BEFORE THE "BATTLE OF THE<br /> -WILDERNESS," IN WHICH HE WAS TAKEN PRISONER, IN<br /> -THE EVENING OF FIFTH MONTH FIFTH, 1864:</p> - -<p class="bold">ALSO,</p> - -<p class="bold2">A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE MARCH TO<br />AND BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG,</p> - -<p class="bold">TOGETHER WITH A</p> - -<p class="bold2">BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR.</p> - -<p class="bold space-above">——<br />"If it is never to be my lot to return to you, remember me only as one who<br /> -went to do his duty."—<span class="smcap">C. Smedley.</span> <i>Letter to parents, dated 8th mo. 14th, 1862.</i><br />——</p> - -<p class="bold space-above">PUBLISHED BY<br />THE LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S FULTON AID SOCIETY.<br />——<br /> -PEARSOL & GEIST, PRINTERS, DAILY EXPRESS OFFICE.<br />1865.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> - -<div class="box"> -<p>April 7th, 1865. At a regular meeting of the <span class="smcap">Fulton Aid -Society</span>, "New Business" being in order, the following resolutions -were offered and unanimously adopted:</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That the "Fulton Aid Society" request of the friends of the -late <span class="smcap">Charles Smedley</span>, that a copy of his diary, kept while a -prisoner at Andersonville, Georgia, be furnished for the purpose of -publication.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That a Committee consisting of four members of the -association be appointed to receive the manuscript, prepare it for -publication, and that it be authorized to have printed an edition of -four hundred copies for the use of the Society.</p> - -<p>In conformity with the above resolutions, the following were appointed -the Committee:</p> - -<blockquote><p>CHAS. H. STUBBS, M. D., Chairman.<br />JAMES H. CLARK,<br /> -ANNIE SMEDLEY,<br />ELWOOD SMEDLEY.<br /></p></blockquote></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> - -<h2>PREFACE.</h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>The following pages contain a plain, unvarnished statement of facts -that occurred under the notice of one who was so unfortunate as to be -taken prisoner by those who sought to destroy and dissever our glorious -country. As will be perceived, it is written with great care, hence its -reliability.</p> - -<p>It was thought best to print the author's diary, just as it was -received, without any amplification, save that absolutely necessary -for the press. To the reader we will say that Dr. Buckley was one of -our surgeons who fell into the hands of the Confederates. Corporal Wm. -Griffith, of Company G, 90th Regiment P. V., was taken prisoner along -with Charles Smedley. He is spoken of as "Griffith."</p> - -<p>With these few explanations we offer this little book to our citizens, -feeling confident that it will be purchased and read by many of them.</p> - -<p>In purchasing this work you contribute your mite towards alleviating -the condition of those whose sufferings are so well set forth in its pages.</p> - -<p class="right">COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> - -<h2>BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CHAS. SMEDLEY.</h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By Chas. H. Stubbs, M. D.</span></p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>Charles Smedley, eldest son of Joel and Martha Smedley, was born in -Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on the first day -of November, 1836. Until his nineteenth year he remained at home, -assisting his father in farming during the Summer seasons, and in the -Winter attending the public school of the district. Having mastered -the elementary branches usually taught in the district schools, and -desiring to acquire a knowledge of the higher scientific studies, he -entered as a student in the celebrated Friends' School at Westtown, -on the seventh of May, 1855. While at this institution, he pursued -the studies he had chosen with great diligence and success. By close -application he attained an honorable standing in his class; and his -strict deportment merited the high approbation of his preceptors and -the confidence of all his companions.</p> - -<p>On the eleventh of April, 1856, after spending nearly a year -at Westtown, he returned home and again assisted his father in -superintending the mills and managing the farm. This engaged his -attention for the next two years.</p> - -<p>In the Spring of 1858 he concluded to commence business for himself. -That of a merchant suggested itself; but feeling deficient in knowledge -necessary to success if he engaged in this business, he resolved to -prepare himself by taking a mercantile course. With this object in -view, on the fifth of May, 1858, he entered the Lancaster County Normal -School at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> Millersville. While at Millersville he became an active an -influential member of the Page Society—a noted literary association -connected with the Normal School.</p> - -<p>Having remained one term at the Normal School, he returned to his -native place in the Fall, and on the thirteenth of October, 1858, -entered into an agreement with his father to take the grist and saw -mills "on the shares." He continued to have charge of the mills for -two year, and met with good success. During these two years he took an -active interest in every movement that would have a tendency to improve -the moral condition of society.</p> - -<p>Believing strongly in the influence to be exerted by example, he -joined several associations, whose object was of a reformatory -character. Uniting himself with the Odd Fellows and Good Templars, -he took an active part in the business of both of these orders. In -these associations he was among the first to see that the rules were -implicitly obeyed and kept inviolate. On one occasion a fellow member -of the order of Odd Fellows was on trial for violating one of the sworn -conditions on which he entered the lodge, by persisting in getting -intoxicated whenever he felt disposed. The member who was most opposed -to continuing this habitual drunkard in the lodge was Charles Smedley. -In his little speech made in opposition, he boldly and fearlessly -asserted that it was immaterial what position the person on trial might -occupy—by his late actions the accused had unfitted himself to be -continued any longer in the association, and in his opinion should be -expelled.</p> - -<p>In the Order of Good Templars Chas. Smedley attained the highest -position in the Lodge of which he was a member. Through his influence -many other young men were induced to join and forever eschew that -accursed evil which has led to the ruin of many noble youths and caused -them to fill premature graves.</p> - -<p>On the twenty-first of April, 1862, he gave up his interest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> in the -mills, having in contemplation a visit to some of the northern cities. -After traveling several weeks in central New York, and spending a -few days in the great Eastern Metropolis, young Smedley returned to -Pennsylvania on the twenty-first of May.</p> - -<p>The great rebellion had now been in progress for a year. Throughout the -sections of country visited by him, the young men of the North were -rapidly volunteering for their country's defense. Thinking it was not -right for him to travel now and spend his time, he came home with the -determination of serving his country in her hour of peril.</p> - -<p>Well knowing that the consent of his parents could not be obtained, -(they being members of the Society of Friends, one of the most -important tenets of which is "a testimony against war,") he bid them -adieu and started for Philadelphia, where, on the 29th of May, 1862, he -enlisted as a member of Company G, 90th Regiment Penna. Volunteers.</p> - -<p>For some the life of a soldier has its attractions. The sound of -martial music, the gay uniform, the novelty of camp life, and the -desire for fame—all contribute to allure many into the military -service. None of these inducements had any weight with Charles Smedley. -No one had a greater hatred of war; but like many others, he felt -that this war was prosecuted on the part of the North for <i>National -existence</i>, and as such differed from wars of aggression. Hence he -thought it was <i>his duty</i>, as it was the duty of every man, to assist -in putting down the rebellion. Maintaining these views, and from -motives of the highest patriotism, Chas. Smedley joined the army "for -three years or the war."</p> - -<p>In a letter written to the author of this sketch, soon after he -enlisted, dated "Front Royal, 6th mo. 16th, 1862," he says: "After -traveling through the different parts of the country and witnessing -the state of things caused by this rebellion, I, by degrees, made up -my mind that the larger the force that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> we could put in the field, -the sooner would this rebellion be crushed, and it was the duty of -every person, who could, to volunteer. Having no business to require -my attention, that I liked, and believing that if ever I lent my aid -in suppressing this rebellion, now was the time, hence my present -situation."</p> - -<p>In a letter dated "6th mo. 19th, 1862," addressed to one of his -relatives, in answer to the question, "how he liked soldiering?" he -replied: "If I were at home, perhaps I would find more pleasure; but to -take everything into consideration, it is every man's duty to try and -put down this rebellion. I did not expect to like a soldier's life when -I left home, but can honestly say that I like it better than I expected to."</p> - -<p>From a letter written to his parents, dated "7th mo. 4th, 1862," we -take the following beautiful and patriotic sentiments: "I am sorry to -hear that you cannot help being uneasy about me. This regiment, as yet, -has not been in any dangerous positions, and may not during the war. -As far as myself is concerned, I have no fears and feel it my duty to -go wherever the regiment is ordered. The question often comes into my -mind, "have I done right?" To this my conscience answers that I have, -and must continue to do my duty. The longer I remain the more firmly I -am impressed that I am doing nothing but my simple duty and all will -come out right in the end. And being thus impressed I move along with -a light heart and nothing to fear. To be frank, I put my trust in the -Almighty ruler above, and believe whatever <i>my fate shall be</i>, will be -in accordance with His will. I know that my course is very inconsistent -with our discipline,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> but I believe that at present I owe a higher -duty to my country. I hope that it may be restored to us, more peaceful -and prosperous than ever; and if it is my fortune to get back safely -home, I can congratulate myself upon having done my duty."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> - -<p>From Philadelphia, after enlisting, Charles Smedley was sent to -Washington, and from thence to Front Royal, a small town west of the -Blue Ridge, where the 90th Regiment was then encamped. He joined -it just previous to the advance of our forces sent to intercept -"Stonewall" Jackson, in his progress down the Shenandoah Valley. He -continued with the regiment, and was with it up to the time of the -second battle of Bull Run. For more than a week previous to this -engagement, he had made application to be sent to the hospital, being -weak and exhausted from disease. On the morning of the battle,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> he -declared he would not send in his application to be sent to the rear, -because the impression might exist that he was trying to evade his duty -in time of danger. By almost superhuman exertion he managed to go into -the fight, but in the retreat of our forces, becoming fatigued and -prostrated, he was compelled to remain in the rear, and the consequence -was he fell into the hands of the enemy.</p> - -<p>In a few days he was paroled and forwarded to our lines, and then sent -by the Federal authorities to Annapolis, Maryland. He arrived home on -the 29th of October, 1862, and remained until the 18th of February, -1863, when he was regularly exchanged.</p> - -<p>Joining the regiment a second time, he continued with it over thirteen -months. While in the service he participated in the battles of Cedar -Mountain, second Bull Run, Rappahannock Station, Chancellorsville, -Thoroughfare Gap, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness. In all these battles -young Smedley performed his duty nobly. In the first day's fight at -Gettysburg he narrowly escaped with his life—a ball grazing him on -the neck and another on the hip. In the second and third day's fights -the 90th Regiment was engaged on the memorable Cemetery ridge. After -the defeat of the rebel hordes on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> heights of Gettysburg, our -army followed the remainder of the enemy's forces to the banks of the -Rapidan. While encamped on this stream, the subject of our sketch -received the sad news of affliction among "the loved ones at home." His -mother, brother and sister being dangerously ill—the two former dying -soon afterwards.</p> - -<p>From a letter written to his sister on the reception of the sad -intelligence, we copy the following: "It is a great trial to me to have -to be separated from you when I think of the present state of things. -Perhaps all is for the best, and we should not complain. We are but -poor creatures and must submit to the Almighty Ruler who holds our fate -in the "hollow of his hand." In the language of the christian, "why -should we not put our trust in Him, and pray for Him to bring us out -of all our trials and afflictions?" Perhaps we have not been thankful -enough for all the blessings we enjoy. Give my love to all my old -friends. I often think of the many pleasant times we have had at home. -I hope I may again have the pleasure of meeting you all there, and not -say, as Byron, of home,</p> - -<div class="center"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<div>'Fare thee well, and if forever,</div> -<div>Still, forever fare thee well.'"</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p>At the battle of the Wilderness, on the 5th of May, 1864, Charles -Smedley was captured a second time, and, as we are informed in his -diary, was taken by the Confederates to Gordonsville, thence to -Danville, from Danville to the prisoners' pen at Andersonville, -Georgia, and lastly to Florence, South Carolina. At Andersonville he -remained nearly four months in a stockade filled with thousands of -Northern patriots. Here he suffered untold hardships, being exposed -to the scorching rays of the sun, the cold atmosphere of the night, -and to frequent storms of rain. The premeditated, gradual starvation -process of his vile captors, together with the constant exposure to all -kinds of weather, did its work effectually. His health at last became -impaired and his physical <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>constitution forever shattered. On the -thirteenth of September, along with many others, he reached the town of -Florence, where he was placed in another pen, in every respect similar -to the one he had left at Andersonville. Here his sufferings increased. -Being much reduced, and possessing hardly sufficient strength to assist -himself, he was at last admitted into what was termed a hospital. -In this hospital he lingered along for a few weeks, when his system -gradually succumbed from the effects of hunger and exposure.</p> - -<p>During the night of the sixteenth of November, 1864, the spirit of -Charles Smedley left its mortal tenement for other realms. His body was -prepared for burial by a few of his fellow soldiers, and was interred -in the burying ground a short distance north-northwest of the stockade, -in Florence, South Carolina.</p> - -<p>In the person of Charles Smedley there were nicely blended many of the -noblest traits of human character. As a religious and moral young man -he had few equals. From his early youth he had a strong aversion to -all those evil habits which have so often been the stepping stones to -vice in its most hideous forms. Profanity and the use of that filthy -narcotic weed, proved harmless as tempters to him. Still less powerful -was that subtle enemy of mankind, which "quickeneth and giveth color to -the cup, and stingeth like an adder."<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> - -<p>In all his transactions his rule was to do that only which his -conscience told him was right. His goodness of heart, his amiable -disposition, gained him many friends, and wherever known, whether at -home in his native township, or in the army of his country, none knew -him other than the noble young man and soldier.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p> - -<p>To-day the remains of Charles Smedley, along with those of thousands of -other patriotic martyrs, lie in the trenches near Florence. No marble -pile or grass covered mound will, in all probability, ever mark his -last resting place, but his name will be ever cherished and held in -remembrance by his friends, as one who was willing to offer up his life -that his country might live.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Reference is here made to the Friends' discipline—he -being a member by birthright.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> I think it was the 29th of August, 1862, the second battle -of Bull Run occurred, and he was made prisoner.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> In a letter to his father, dated 8th mo. 16th, 1863, -written while the army was at Rappahannock Station, we find the -following extract: "When I enlisted, I made a resolution that I, as -long as I was in the service, would neither use profane language, smoke -or chew tobacco, or drink intoxicating liquors. This resolution I have -strictly adhered to, and I believe I am a happier man for it."</p></div></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> - -<h2>DIARY.</h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p><i>1st day, 5th mo. 1st, 1864.</i> Camp near Mitchell's Station, Va. Had -regimental inspection this morning at ten o'clock by Capt. W. Davis. -The parade was formed, then moved to the rear into columns, and as we -were critically inspected yesterday, we were dismissed. I was busy the -rest of the day helping Johnson to fix up the clothing books, and as -the pay rolls were not right, we had to go to work and make out three -more, leaving out ten deserters, which were taken up wrong on them at -first. J. C. Kimball wrote one while Johnson and I wrote the others. -Received my Baltimore American.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 2d.</i> Done nothing of any account all day. Was nice -weather.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 5th mo. 3d.</i> This was a nice warm day. Each company was out at -target practice one or two hours this afternoon. Each of us shot five -rounds. Some talk of us moving.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 5th mo. 4th.</i> We were told at nine last evening to have -everything packed, as we would likely have to move. Drew six days' -rations of coffee, sugar and crackers and two days' rations of pork. -We were called up at twelve o'clock last night, packed up, and by -three o'clock were on the march. Marched towards Piney Mountain, where -we arrived about sunrise, and made a short halt. We were in the rear -of the first brigade. Marched past Stephensburg, thence crossed the -Rapidan at twelve o'clock on a pontoon bridge. There were two bridges -of canvas-covered boats at Germania ford. After stopping a short time, -took up the march and followed the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> plank road, and after going five -or eight miles, halted and bivouacked for the night on a high hill -near the right of the road. The day was very warm after the sun rose. -We were forced as fast as it was possible for us to go—stragglers -fell out by hundreds—no brigade or regiment seemed to be together -in the after part of the day. I had to fall out, and threw away my -mess kettle, some of my clothes, pork, and several other things, and -then could no more than keep up. Halted with the little part of the -regiment, took a good bath, and made supper of bread, pork and coffee. -We seemed to be in the rear and with the General's headquarters. Went -to bed on the ground about 8 P. M.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 5th mo. 5th.</i> Five o'clock A. M. Slept well last night. Were -called up at three this morning, got our breakfasts and made ready to -move. Are now awaiting orders. The birds are playing around us and -the day promises to be a pleasant one. Seven A. M. Have moved out -and halted to the right of the road—are six miles from Mine Run and -fifteen from Fredericksburg. Gen'l Warren's headquarters are near us. -We appear to be pretty well in the rear. Col. —— commands the first -brigade. Have not heard of any rebels yet in front. Gen'l Burnside -is said to be in the rear guarding fifteen hundred wagons. The sun -is coming out hot—the weather clear and sultry. Twelve M. Have been -laying down since six o'clock. The Sixth Corps has passed down the -plank road to take position on our left. Heard some heavy musketry -firing towards our left. It is said to be all cavalry fighting. From -what I know we are in the reserve. Gen'l Robinson's headquarters are -within a hundred yards of us. There is also a signal station near the -headquarters. This is near the Wilderness tavern. There is a house on -the hill near here where "Stonewall" Jackson was taken after he was -wounded at Chancellorsville. The sun is burning hot.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 5th mo. 6th.</i> Nine o'clock A. M. At one o'clock<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> yesterday -we advanced as a forward guard centre, we being the third regiment in -line from the position we occupied at 12 M. Kept on through woods for -a half mile, then the other regiment halted and deployed, and helped -us on the second line, with our right resting on the turnpike. The -front line was busily engaged as we advanced—the bullets flew thick -and fast around us, mostly high. About two o'clock we advanced the -second time, about two hundred yards, and lay down under a heavy fire -where we remained until six o'clock. All the time we lay under a fire -from the rebels, who were less than a quarter of a mile off. They had -a battery on the left of the pike which occasionally threw shells and -solid shot in good range over us, cutting off the limbs of the trees; -only a few were low enough to come near us. One solid shot lit in the -centre of our company, and plowed the ground up under Audenreid's feet, -bursting his canteen and throwing the dirt over the men around him, -without doing any more damage. At six o'clock P. M., an officer, I do -not know who, came up and gave us the order to "advance with the 39th -Massachusetts." After the order was repeated twice, we started, going -over dead and wounded who had been slaughtered by hundreds, and lay -thick on the ground we went over. The rebels did not fire a shot until -after we got out into the open plain, and then they opened with grape -and canister and volleys of musketry. After going to the bottom of the -hill and up halfway towards the enemy's battery, the Colonel gave the -order to "about face." I had stopped to cap my piece, and before I got -it done the regiment was going back on a double-quick. I followed in -the rear, and coming to a ditch, fell into it, and on looking up saw -our fellows going up the hill towards our line. The bullets flew so -thick that I thought it next thing to getting shot to get out of the -ditch, and after a few moments concluded I had better stay where I -was until after dark, and then get up the hill into our lines. I soon -noticed that the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> ditch was full of men. After hallooing to those above -and below me, I found that Griffith, Edwards and Fry of our company, -and one of company B's men were near us. We all thought we had better -stay where we were until after dark. I went to Edwards and there found -a man who told us to lay still and he would take us off after a while. -Edwards asked him who he was. He said he was a Confederate officer. -On looking up the ditch, which was deep above us, I saw some of the -enemy's sharp shooters and skirmishers, and it was plain to be seen -that we were in their power. The officer ordered us to disarm ourselves -and it would be all right. We were taken about half-past seven o'clock -into the Confederate lines, to the pike, then to the rear for about -half a mile and kept under guard. As we were going off I found Sergeant -M., of company —; picked him up and took him with us. He had been -knocked down but was not hurt. Sergeant Riley I also picked up. I told -him how we were situated. Griffith gave him a canteen of water, and -then we were ordered to come on. He was trying to play it, I thought. I -am certain half our regiment was lost. Griffith and I went to work and -made some coffee in a pot that I picked up in the morning. About nine -P. M., twelve of our company and some more of the 90th were brought in. -Everything, while I was awake, was quiet. Griffith and I made a bed -and slept together. I did not get to sleep until after twelve o'clock. -At day-break this morning I was awakened by artillery firing. I got -up and went to the creek, got a pot of water and made some coffee, -and then awakened Griffith and we took our breakfast. At six A. M. -we were ordered to fall in; we got our things, and were marched to -Robertson's Tavern, where we are at present. From seven to half-past -eight there was some very sharp musketry up the pike. The guards are -busy trading with the boys; there are about fifty of us here. Ten A. M. -All seems to be quiet in front. Night—Lay under guard all day; heard -no <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>fighting of any account to-day. Things appear to be quiet in front. -The ambulances brought in a great many wounded men all day.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 5th mo. 7th.</i> Were marched, some two hundred and seventy -of us, to Orange Court House, then put aboard the cars and taken to -Gordonsville.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 5th mo. 8th.</i> Kept here all day. Where we were last night we -drew one day's rations of corn meal, beef and salt. I was commissary -for a squad of twenty-five men. Sent a letter home. The sun was burning -hot.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 9th.</i> We were put into a house forty by fifty feet -square last night and came near smothering. We were taken out this -morning. Made mush for breakfast. Had to stay out in the sun all day. -Part of us were sent to Lynchburg yesterday—some more came last night. -Griffith and I laid down after supper to rest for the night. Drew one -ration of corn meal and herring—three of the latter to each man.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 5th mo., 10th.</i> Soon after we got to bed last night we were -ordered to pack up. Left Gordonsville in a train of cars at eleven -o'clock at night, and after a hard night's travel got to this place -(Lynchburg) about ten this morning. Were put in a deep ravine with -a stream of water running through it. A heavy guard of citizens, -consisting of old men, "played out" soldiers, and boys were around us. -Two pieces of artillery are planted in range of us. I was with the -first one hundred of our squad that came in to-day. We were put in -charge of a Sergeant-Major, who drew rations for us. There was about -one thousand came here yesterday. I got seven "hard tack" and some -bacon for one day's rations. There are about 2500 of us here. To-day -was burning hot.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 5th mo. 11th.</i> Had a good sleep last night. This was a very -warm day. There were seventy-five loaves of soft rye bread, half a peck -of rice, and a little salt issued to a squad to-day. There were one -thousand men sent away to-day.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>5th day, 5th mo. 12th.</i> It commenced to rain about nine o'clock last -night. Griffith and I had a rough night of it—had to sit up a good -part of the time, till the after-part of the night, when we laid down -under the woollen blanket. About daylight it commenced to rain rapidly. -The water ran on us and caused us to get up and sit with the gum -blanket over our shoulders. It rained pretty much all day; we had to -sit most of the time with the gum blanket over us. With hard work we -made some coffee for breakfast and some mush for supper. Carried some -flat stones to lay on to-night. Drew seventy-five loaves of bread for -the balance of yesterday's rations; also for to-day, six "hard tack," -pork and rice, to a man, for two days' rations.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 5th mo. 13th.</i> Had a rough night of it. Slept under our -woollen blankets until daylight. It rained a great deal all night—got -considerably wet. Showery all day. About ten o'clock A. M. we were -moved out of the ravine to the cars and got aboard at twelve, and were -off for Danville. We were stowed as closely as possible in burden cars. -Passed through Fairville before dark. There are rebel hospitals at this -place.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 5th mo. 14th.</i> Traveling all night and until ten o'clock this -forenoon, when we arrived at Danville. Here we were put into large -houses. The house I am in is one hundred by forty-seven feet, three -stories high. The two upper stories are only occupied by us, some five -hundred in number. Here we were divided into messes of twenty each, and -drawing two square inches of boiled bacon and a loaf of corn bread for -two men.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 5th mo. 15th.</i> Had roll-call at nine A. M. and were counted. -Drew corn bread at ten o'clock and rice soup at four P. M., and soon -after boiled bacon. Got a pint of soup to a man. Can do nothing but lay -down, or walk, or stand, after going to wash. There are five hundred in -this building. We hear no news.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 16th.</i> Spent the day as yesterday. Drew some of our -hard bread, Confederate bacon and rice soup. There was a fellow selling -toilet soap at the rate of one dollar and fifty cents Confederate -scrip, or two cakes for a one dollar greenback.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 5th mo. 17th.</i> Lay about all day. In the morning darned the -toe of one of my stockings and mended my pantaloons. Sent a letter -home to father. We are to be sent to Georgia to-morrow. Drew a day's -rations for to-day of corn bread, boiled bacon and black bean soup at -three o'clock. At six drew a ration of corn bread and boiled bacon for -to-morrow.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 5th mo. 14th.</i> Got up at daybreak, left the prison at six, -got on the cars at half-past eight and started at nine. At twelve came -as far as the railroad was finished, (the Danville and Greensboro' -road) then had to march six miles to where it commenced again, and then -lay for an hour for three trains to come. After they arrived it took -until long after dark to load them. I was among the last to get aboard.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 5th mo. 19th.</i> Had a bad time of it last night—could not -sit or stand with comfort. The rain came through the car so bad that -I had to get out my "gum." We had only thirteen miles to go, and it -was near daylight before we got to Greensborough, which was about six -in the morning. Here we stopped about two hours, then went on, bound -for Charlotte, North Carolina, where we arrived at half-past six. The -train went very slow all night, but after we left Greensborough, very -fast. The country along the road was very, very poor. The only places -of much note were High Point Station, Thomasville and Lexington. -Greensborough is a manufacturing town, but like in all other towns and -villages, business was at a stand still. Thomasville was the prettiest -place. There is a seminary there. Some ladies came out to the train and -threw two ginger cakes at us, also some bouquets. Crossed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> the Yadkin -River. After we got to Charlotte, were taken off the cars and marched -to the railroad crossing. Drew rations of crackers and pork; I got six -crackers and a chunk of pork for two days. A thunder-gust came up which -continued until ten o'clock. Griffith and I made out to kindle a little -fire and make a pot of coffee. I was taken with a chill and fever of a -bilious nature—can eat no supper. By eleven o'clock it cleared up and -the moon shone out. Made our bed on the ground and were soon asleep.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 5th mo. 20th.</i> Slept well last night, and got up at 6 o'clock -A. M.; felt very bad and very bilious; got some hot water to make -coffee, but could not find the coffee. The sun came out bright and hot -this morning. At twelve M. were put aboard the cars. The cars moved -past the town, backed, and moved forward and back, &c., until about six -o'clock, when we were backed to the southeast end of the town. Each -car load was taken off in separate squads of nineteen or twenty—drew -rations for one day, three hard tack and a chunk of pork. I was sick -all day with the chills and fever—no appetite; ate some <i>souse</i>, well -peppered, but had to force it down. The day was very hot.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 5th mo. 21st.</i> Slept well last night on the ground. The -moon was full and the sky clear. We were ordered to pack up about six -o'clock, and get on the same cars we got off. Griffith and I were -so lucky as to get our old places in the stock cars; rode all day, -and arrived at Columbia, South Carolina at sunset. After stopping -there over an hour, we changed cars. We got larger cars but less of -them. They crowded seventy-five men inside and on top, which nearly -smothered us. The guard had orders not to let a man out, and to shoot -the first person that attempted it. Our car is a close burden car, -which was closed all around except one door. I was so lucky as to get -near the door and have plenty of fresh air. By doubling up, made out -to lie down, with my head<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> next the door. This was a warm day, but we, -being in such a good car, rode comfortably. The country for two days' -journey was poorer than any yet passed. Did not see much of Columbia. -I felt very well all day; my disease is better. Took two doses of -"composition" in cold water.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 5th mo. 22d.</i> I made out with difficulty to lay on my back -all night. The guard, "the first half," sat on my head, and then laid -down with his head on my breast for a pillow—could not sleep. My feet -and legs were doubled up, and I was laying on them part of the time, -while others piled theirs on top of mine. This morning got a good seat -by the door; rode there until we stopped at Augusta. Changed cars at -this place at 12 o'clock M. Did not pass any place of importance after -Charlotte. Stopped at dusk and had a loaf of bread and a chunk of pork -issued to us. I had been rather bad with the diarrhœa—was very -weak and dizzy, with no appetite; but after drawing rations, felt like -eating, and ate a bit of bread and pork; the bread is rye. When we -changed cars I got a seat in the middle of the door. My door was shut -at dark, so I had to set with my back against it.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 23d.</i> Did not sleep much in the night, had to sit -all the time. There were sixty-five men inside the box and some on -top. At daylight the door was opened. I then rode with my legs out. -Get to Marion about the middle of the day. Three trains were made of -two, and we went at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour. Arrived -at Andersonville, Georgia, at five o'clock P. M., when we were taken -off the cars, counted off into squads with a sergeant, who took our -names on a piece of paper which a rebel officer gave him. Then we were -ordered into a large stockade and halted in the northeast corner of -it. There we had the ground for our quarters. We concluded that it was -hard to move about. Made our bed on the ground. Weather clear and hot. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>Yesterday passed Wanesville. To-day passed Fort Valley after leaving -Marion.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 5th mo. 24th.</i> Slept very well on the ground last night; arose -at daylight, went to the run and took a good wash. Had roll-call and -were counted by a rebel sergeant, whose name is warmer. There were -ninety men in our mess. Drew rations at 5 o'clock P. M. Half a loaf -of corn bread and half a square inch of bacon to each man. The bacon -is excellent. There were three or four hundred more men put in here -to-day. The place was too much crowded before. They brought them in -on the main street and told them to go and find places wherever they -<i>could</i>. Griffith and I having but fifteen cents in money, and that -being mine, we are bad off. Bought two split pieces of pine, six feet -long and two and a half inches square, to put up a shelter. These I -purchased for my fifteen cents. These not being enough, I traded my -looking glass for two more. Put up my woollen blanket over our ridge -pole and now have a good place to stay in. This place contains about -fifteen or twenty acres of ground, enclosed with a stockade twenty feet -high, with a sentry stand every one hundred and fifty feet. There is a -stream of water running through it with a hill extending up from each -side of it. For thirty or more yards from the run the ground is swampy -and has a bad smell coming from it.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 5th mo. 25th.</i> Spent this day about the same as yesterday, -laying in our tent, &c., &c. Drew the same kind of rations. More -prisoners were put in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 5th mo. 26th.</i> This was a very hot day. There are men here -just like skeletons, they are so far gone with the chronic diarrhœa. -The boys caught some of the raiders and punished them by shaving their -heads. There are plenty of "sweat" boards in operation, and other kinds -of gaming. Drew a loaf of corn bread, two-thirds of a pint of mush, -and four square inches of bacon for two of us. The cornmeal is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> of -the <i>roughest</i> description, not being <i>sifted</i>. Went to the run this -morning and washed a pair of drawers and a shirt, and then took a bath -myself.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 5th mo. 27th.</i> Spent this day like yesterday, doing nothing. -Drew a loaf of corn bread, three bits of meat, and nearly a pint -of boiled rice. The pork to-day was all boiled jowls. The sun was -scorching hot. Sent a few lines home to father.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 5th mo. 28th.</i> Was a very warm day. One hundred and eighty -more prisoners were put in here to-day from Sherman's army, making -in all sixteen thousand six hundred and fifty (16,650). There are -sixty-one detachments of two hundred and seventy each, not including -what came to-day. Drew the usual quantity of corn bread, bacon and mush -to a man.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 5th mo. 29th.</i> Was extremely warm. Lay in the house<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> most -of the time. There were about fifteen hundred more men put in here -to-day. Did not draw rations until sundown, when we got pork and corn -bread.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 30th.</i> This day is very oppressive. More prisoners -came in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 5th mo. 31st.</i> Weather as hot as ever. Was at the stockade -where the rebels throw over their produce. Greenbacks are worth twice -as much as "scrip." Peas, beans, tobacco, onions, turnips, eggs, cakes, -groundnuts, &c., &c., are passed over in large quantities and sold at -enormous prices. My disease seems worse and I am getting weak.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 6th mo. 1st.</i> Was cloudy until the middle of the day, then -had a heavy thunder-storm, and a little rain now and then until -evening. I lay in the house most of the day—was very weak. We made -some burnt corn bread crust coffee this morning. There were about -four hundred more prisoners put in here to-day; none of them from the -Potomac Army.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>5th day, 6th mo. 2d.</i> This was the same kind of a day as yesterday, -with more rain. Borrowed the "Banner of Light" from Dr. Buckley this -afternoon.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 6th mo. 3d.</i> Was cloudy until towards sundown, when there -came up a heavy wind, followed by rain. The day was very warm. More -prisoners put in to-day, mostly sick and wounded, captured when we -were. The place is getting crowded full. Diarrhœa no better.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 6th mo. 4th.</i> Had a good deal of rain. I lay in the house. -Two hundred more men came in to-day. There were a great many rumors -about us being paroled or exchanged on the sixth. We split up the last -of our wood with a musket screw-driver, and traded some corn bread for -another stick.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 6th mo. 5th.</i> Had a great deal of rain. Drew one and a half -pints of corn meal and a half teaspoonful of salt instead of bread.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 6th mo. 6th.</i> I am very weak. Same rations as yesterday. -Cloudy all day with some rain. Made souse of the last of our crackers. -More prisoners put in to-day—the place is over crowded.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 6th mo. 7th.</i> Had considerable rain. Made a pot of mush which -we ate with our meat to-day. About five hundred more prisoners were put -in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 6th mo. 8th.</i> Rain to-day, same as yesterday. A few more -prisoners put in here. I undertook to make a pot of mush this morning; -got it about done, when the jaw bone of a hog, which I had the pot -resting on, gave way, and upset the half of it. We made a small -breakfast on the remainder. This evening we mixed up some meal and -baked some cakes on my plate. Our wood is nearly out. We get corn meal -and pork, but are not allowed to go out for wood, and as yet have had -none sent to us. My complaint gets no worse, but still sticks to me. -Can get no news that can be relied upon.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>5th day, 6th mo. 9th.</i> Drew corn bread and had a heavy shower.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 6th mo. 10th.</i> Was rather warm. Drew bread, meat and wood. -Made coffee for breakfast and supper. Commenced making a bone ring.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 6th mo. 11th.</i> Was warm, with a thunder-gust in the evening. -We got to work and finished the bone ring.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 6th mo. 12th.</i> Cloudy, rain in the afternoon. I am as unwell -as ever. Received corn bread and pork. There are many rumors of us -being paroled and sent to Savannah. The news is that the officers at -Macon are being sent away.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 6th mo. 13th.</i> Was very damp and cold, with showers of rain; -last night it was also raining. Griffith got sick yesterday and was -very ill all last night and to-day. Had roll-call. All the sick and -wounded were taken out for medical treatment. All the rumors about -the parole proved untrue. Have suffered very much with the chronic -diarrhœa, which gets no better.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 6th mo. 14th.</i> This was a cold, drizzly day.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 6th mo. 15th.</i> Took down our blanket and had it for a cover. -It rained all night, and until towards the middle of the day, when it -became much warmer. There were over twelve hundred more prisoners put -in to-day from the Army of the Potomac. Sold a loaf of bread and meat -for twenty-five cents, and bought an onion and made some soup with it. -Had corn meal and pork for supper. Griffith is a little better. An old -shoemaker, who had taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate -States, came in to-day to try to raise one thousand shoemakers, to go -out and do as he has, and work for the rebel government. Some of the -boys caught him, shaved his head and marched him around camp.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 6th mo. 16th.</i> There is as much rain as usual. Am getting -along in the same old style. Sold a loaf of bread for fifteen cents and -bought an onion. Drew boiled rice and meat.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> The rice is so dirty and -gritty that it is not fit to eat. About one thousand more men were put -in to-day, mostly from the Army of the Potomac.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 6th mo. 17th.</i> Rained all day—lay in the house most of the -time. I made some thick corn meal soup for supper. One thousand more -prisoners put in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 6th mo. 18th.</i> It rained all night and was showery most of -the day. My disease is some better—am very weak and losing flesh. -The number of petty hucksters seems to increase in the main street. -Cucumbers are from 37 to 50 cents; onions from 25 cents to $1.00; -turnips from 12 to 20 cents; rutabagas, same price as turnips; squashes -25 to 50 cents; peanuts from 20 to 25 cents per half pint; beans 20 to -50 cents per half pint; flour at the rate of $1 per pound; four ginger -cakes 75 cents to $1; rice 30 to 40 cents per pint; salt 75 cents per -quart; soda 25 cents per spoonful; rations of meal for 20 and 25 cents; -molasses, of the poorest quality, for $2.75 per quart; tobacco, 50 -cents for a small plug. These are offered for sale on the main street -at the above prices. A good many have got to making corn beer, at 10 to -25 cents per drink of half a pint. There are rumors that General Winder -is here, and that three detachments and all the sick are to be sent -away to-morrow.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 6th mo. 19th.</i> Was up early this morning and went to the -spring and got some good water, and washed myself. Took a walk up and -down the street,<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> and then lay down and took a good sleep. It was -cloudy most of the time. The sun came out hot occasionally. Had a heavy -shower in the evening. Five hundred more men were put in the stockade -to-day. Three men were shot and wounded by one of the guards. A man was -on the <i>dead line</i>; the guard shot at this one, and missing him, shot -the others.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>2d day, 6th mo. 20th.</i> Had the usual quantity of rain; was up early -and got some spring water.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 6th mo. 21st.</i> Was very warm and cloudy. I made some coffee -and fried some meat on my plate for breakfast—had some gravy also. We -did not eat more than half the extra bread we drew last night, and had -half a loaf left, which I traded for some wood. A few more prisoners -were put in to-day. The place is so crowded that it is impossible to -travel without difficulty.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 6th mo. 22d.</i> Was rather cloudy and warm. Drew mush and meat; -the mush, like it always has been, was only half cooked; we did not get -it until dark, and then went to work and baked it on my plate. To-day -one hundred men had to fill up a tunnel which they had dug. It was -eight to fifteen feet deep and commenced twenty yards inside, and run -more than the same distance on the outside, and was ready for them to -go out. Some of the crowd had informed on them.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 6th mo. 23d.</i> Flying clouds and very hot. There seems to be -a good breeze going, but it cannot get to us here. Over seven hundred -more prisoners were crowded in to-day. Drew corn bread and bacon, and -would have drawn fresh beef, but some objected to it on account of not -having wood.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 6th mo. 24th.</i> The weather was similar to yesterday, only -hotter. Done nothing of any account.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 6th mo. 25th.</i> Very warm. Drew mush and meat at dark and -fried the mush into cakes.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 6th mo. 26th.</i> The weather like yesterday. Drew the same kind -of rations, and fried the mush, because it is never more than half done.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 6th mo. 27th.</i> The weather seems to be getting warmer. My -diarrhœa gets no better—am so weak that I can hardly walk about. -There has been enough prisoners put in the last few days to make nearly -twenty-five thousand. (25,000).</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>3d day, 6th mo. 28th.</i> Had a fine shower this afternoon and night. I -am very low and weak with the diarrhœa.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 6th mo. 29th.</i> Was very warm, had a thunder storm in the -evening. Am weaker than ever and can hardly get along. Did not get any -rations, because some of the men took the "raiders"<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> in hand, and -after knocking down, and I guess killed some, arrested sixty and gave -them over to the old captain. It is said he shot one. Last night they -killed a man, and an Indian killed one of them. I took two bacon rinds, -and after roasting them by the fire, ate them.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 6th mo. 29th.</i> Was very warm; lay in the tent most of the -time; so weak with the chronic diarrhœa that it was as much as I -could do to take care of myself.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 17th mo. 1st.</i> Was as hot as ever. I suffered as much as -yesterday; am weaker, and still very ill; my head is so dizzy; could -hardly walk. The new stockade was opened this forenoon, and all above -the forty-ninth detachment were moved in and crowded as close together -as we were before. All of us could not put up our shelters in the place -allotted to us. Griffith and I made our bed in the street, which is -only six feet wide. The new place is on good high ground with plenty of -wood. The rumor is that we are to draw raw rations; drew fresh beef and -corn meal, of which I ate heartily.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 2d.</i> There was a good breeze all day. After I got up, -went to the creek and took a wash, got a canteen and coffee pot full of -water, and then a little wood. Made the same kind of breakfast as we -did supper last night. About eight o'clock moved down with Clark and -Strong, and then crowded nearer the old stockade and towards the lower -end of the detachment, and put up our blanket at the end of Strong's -tent. All the wood is gathered up by the men, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> leaves us with -scarcely any. There have been prisoners put in here from all parts this -week. Twenty-five thousand is a low estimate. I feel stouter to-day -than I have for two weeks; my complaint hardly troubles me. Drew salt -for yesterday and meal, beef and salt for to-day. The rumor now is -that we will be paroled or exchanged soon, to commence on the seventh, -&c., &c. Captain Moore, of the 72d Ohio, was in here to-day and gave -this piece of news to us. He has been a prisoner at Macon, was lately -exchanged, and came here to see some of the boys of his regiment.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 3d.</i> Griffith and I went to the creek to wash this -morning at five o'clock. The creek was dirty and full of black mud, so -much so that I would not go in. I took the coffee pot and washed out of -it. Got some water and prepared breakfast of beef soup, thickened with -corn meal. Had roll-call this forenoon, the first time for three weeks; -it was difficult to get the men together, and was eleven o'clock before -they got through. Drew no rations to-day, why I know not.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 7th mo. 4th.</i> Was very hot until three o'clock P. M., when -we had a heavy thunder storm. Our house let the rain in almost like a -riddle. The numbers of the detachments were changed to-day; all that -were not full were filled up to two hundred and seventy; our detachment -is now number thirty-two, and my mess is the second mess. We got no -rations until this evening, when we received meal, boiled and raw beef, -and pork. Bread and salt were issued; we got raw beef and miserable -bread, with a pinch of salt. We made a pot of mush for our breakfast, -coffee and stewed meat for supper; we eat only twice a day. My disease -has left me and I am stouter. Was down to the creek this morning at -four o'clock and took a good wash.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 7th mo. 5th.</i> To-day was very hot, with a good breeze and -flying clouds. Got up this morning at four o'clock, and went to the run -and washed my grey shirt and a pair of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> drawers, without soap. We made -a pot of soup with corn meal dumplings. Had roll-call at ten o'clock. -Drew meal, fresh beef and a pinch of salt. Made flap-jacks for supper, -and fried some of our beef on my plate. Traded some corn meal for a -piece of pork to grease the plate with.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 6th.</i> Hot as ever. Over two hundred more men put in -to-day. According to rumor, to-morrow is the day to commence paroling. -A new rumor says seven thousand are to be taken out to-morrow. Got -breakfast of soup off our beef, with corn meal dumplings, and supper of -flap-jacks and fried pork. Drew mush, bacon and salt. <i>I am very well -indeed.</i></p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 7th.</i> Spent the day as yesterday. No signs of -paroling. Very hot to-day. Fred. Smith, who was taken prisoner at Mine -Run, came to see me to-day. Drew rotten bacon, corn meal and salt.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 7th mo. 8th.</i> The heat in the afternoon was almost scorching. -I borrowed a book of Hatfield, which I read half through. This is the -first reading I have done since we have been here. There were one -hundred more men put in to-day, all of whom were captured at the James -and Morris Island.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 9th.</i> This day was hotter than any day we have had. -At four o'clock P. M. had a heavy thunder-shower which lasted until -sunset. Spent the day in reading, sleeping, and walking about camp. Two -hundred and fifty more prisoners put in to-day. They were mostly from -the Potomac Army.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 10th.</i> Drew rations as usual, consisting of meal, -pork and salt. Cooked flapjacks and made gravy for supper. Our wood -is almost out and I know not where the rest will come from; there -is plenty in the place, but it is claimed by others. There were six -hundred more prisoners put in to-day from Grant's army.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>2d day, 7th mo. 11th.</i> Hot, with a little shower in the afternoon. -Drew meal, salt and bacon. I had a hard time cooking cakes for -breakfast and mush for supper; the wood and roots were too wet. Six of -the "raiders" were hung, inside the stockade, by our own men, at five -o'clock this evening. The rope of Moseby broke when the drop fell, and -let him to the ground; they made him mount the scaffold and try it the -second time. One broke loose before he mounted the scaffold and ran -through the crowd, but was arrested. I was down helping to draw rations -and saw the execution. A large number of prisoners put in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 7th mo. 12th.</i> Was busy most of the day getting wood out of -the run, but could not get much. We are out of wood. I made a small -furnace to put my plate on. Was running about a good deal—am as well -as I could wish to be. There were two hundred more men put in to-day. -I was determined to get an axe to cut some wood, but did not quite get -it. I got on the right side of a rebel sergeant, who is a mason, but -he could do no more than ask for me of the one who had charge of the -shovels and axes.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 13th.</i> Very warm. Could get no axe to-day, but got -the promise of one in the morning. Our furnace works first rate. We -gathered some roots out of the run, and both of us went down to-night -and worked and fished for roots until after ten o'clock. Have got the -floor of our tent raised so that the water will not flood us.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 14th.</i> Very hot day. I was up early this morning and -down at the run and spring. Got a pot of mush made before roll-call. -Got the axe for an hour; we cut enough good pitch pine off a large -stump to last us nearly three weeks. Could do little else but lay in -the tent after cutting the wood, I was so tired. The diarrhœa shows -signs of coming on me again. General Winder had the three sergeants -of each detachment taken out, and he told them that he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> knew of an -organized gang of six thousand who were going to get out, &c., and that -the men must not get in crowds within one hundred yards of the gate, or -he would fire on them with shot and shell; that they had tried to get -us exchanged, but could not, and were compelled to keep us; and that -they had plenty to keep us with. I noticed plenty of good-looking pies -in market for one dollar and fifty cents, watermelons for two and three -dollars, and apples for twenty-five and thirty-five cents each.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 7th mo. 15th.</i> Suffered very much with the diarrhœa, which -has come back on me as bad as ever.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 16th.</i> The weather continues to grow hotter. I am -some better to-day; made gruel by soaking corn meal and boiling the -water of it. Yesterday drew a ration of wood which was only half enough -to cook a meal.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 17th.</i> The hottest day we have had. I lay in the -tent, very weak from the diarrhœa, which is getting better. Made -some corn meal gruel for my breakfast. Drew meat, salt and molasses, -six spoonsful of the latter as a ration. Had flapjacks for supper.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 7th mo. 18th.</i> Cloudy and cool all day, with rain in the -afternoon. The diarrhœa has left me, but I am very weak yet. Had -a pot of mush for breakfast. Drew nothing but corn meal to-day; they -issued bacon to some of the detachments, but it did not get to us. Some -of the men are trying to get up a petition to be sent to the United -States, asking its influence towards getting us released.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 7th mo. 19th.</i> Cloudy and pleasant; last night was very cold. -Am getting over the diarrhœa again. Drew yesterday's pork at nine -this forenoon; then got a breakfast of flapjacks, fried pork and gravy. -There was a meeting held to-day in reference to the petition to our -Government for our release. The committee appointed at yesterday's -meeting reported. General Winder gives his hearty co-operation to -the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> movement, and suggests that six instead of three be sent to our -Government with these petitions, which the meeting took steps to -appoint. Last evening I got a pint of beans for five postage stamps, -and this morning got a <i>dagger</i> for five more.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 20th.</i> Was up soon after four this morning. Cooked G. -Hatfield a pot of gruel before roll-call; got our own breakfast after -roll-call. Washed a pair of drawers and stockings this morning. The -rebels threw up some earthworks as if they expected to be attacked. -They appear to be getting reinforcements here. The rumor is that the -railroad between here and Macon is cut, and that they are expecting a -raid by our cavalry, and that Atlanta is ours.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 21st.</i> Got breakfast after roll-call—had "corn -dodgers" and gravy. Drew meal and molasses; got wood for three days. -Traded a ration of pork for twenty-five cents worth of wood, and traded -a ration of pork for tobacco for Griffith. The rebels seem to be busy -fortifying outside. They put a few prisoners in every day.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 7th mo. 22d.</i> Very cloudy and hot. Lay in the house most all -the time. Have contracted a cold. More prisoners put in to-day. The -rebels are still busy at their earthworks. They find out a tunnel every -day and fill it up. Drew meat, salt and meal.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 23d.</i> I caught a bad cold last night, and suffered -considerably all day from it. To-day the weather was rather cold.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 24th.</i> Last night was the coldest we have had for -some time. My attack of bronchitis has extended far into the chest, and -is going to bring on that terrible "army scourge" again. The day was -very warm with a good breeze. Drew fresh beef and rice only.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 7th mo. 25th.</i> Suffered last night very much with the cold. -This night was the coldest yet. The diarrhœa has returned and is -very bad. The day was warm with a good<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> breeze. Drew rice, raw bacon -and no salt. I sold a ration of pork and bought two spoonsful of salt.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 7th mo. 26th.</i> Was a pleasant day. Made corn meal gruel for -breakfast and supper. Borrowed Clark's infantry tactics and read and -slept all day. Drew meal, salt and bacon.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 27th.</i> Was rather pleasant all day. Spent the day as -yesterday and drew the same kind of rations. There are a great many -rumors about our going to be paroled about the fifth or sixth of next -month. There were over two hundred prisoners, mostly one hundred days' -men, from the Shenandoah valley, put in to-day.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 28th.</i> To-day is pretty warm. Eat nothing but gruel -and boiled rice. About two hundred prisoners put in to-day from -Sherman's army. Just as they were ready to enter, the rebels fired a -shot across the camp.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 7th mo. 29th.</i> To-day some of the detachments drew molasses; -I traded a ration of pork for molasses for supper. Had gruel for -breakfast, and boiled rice with the molasses for supper. To-day was -warm, with a heavy shower in the evening.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 30th.</i> Was warm. I sold two rations of my meat for -twenty-five cents worth of soap, and after roll-call, washed my red -shirt. Sold a piece of meat, which Griffith and I had a dispute about, -for five cents, and got him a chunk of tobacco.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 31st.</i> Eat my breakfast and lay in the tent most all -day. Am very weak from the diarrhœa which I cannot get rid of. J. -Matthews is a prisoner here and has come to see me.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 8th mo. 1st.</i> Lay in the tent most of the time. Took a pill -which "Gad" got for me to-night; he got one opium and two other pills.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 8th mo. 2d.</i> Took the rest of my medicine to-day,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> and -think I am better. They commenced taking the sick out and away this -morning—suppose they have gone to Macon. During fifteen minutes this -evening, we had the heaviest shower I ever saw; Griffith was at the -spring and got caught in it. Have been drawing rice, salt and bacon -this week.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 8th mo. 3d.</i> They have been busy taking the sick away. Drew -meal instead of rice to-day. Borrowed Roberts' Bible and read some. -Took an opium pill last night which made me sleep until roll-call this -morning.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 8th mo. 4th.</i> Was in the shade under the tent most of the -day reading the Bible and getting to sleep. Helped to wash Dr. Buckley -this evening; he has been very sick all day. Drew pork and rice. Had no -roll-call for the first time since we have been in the new stockade. -Some sick were sent out to-day—rumor says they are being sent into our -lines. To-day was a warm one.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 8th mo. 5th.</i> Spent most of the time in the house. Dr. -Buckley is some better; we were going to carry him out. The sick of -the first eleven detachments were taken out this afternoon. Drew fresh -beef, salt and rice. The diarrhœa has left me again; am pretty -stout. Ate only rice soup. Occupied in reading the Bible to-day.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 8th mo. 6th.</i> Was very hot; lay in the house, slept and read. -Drew fresh beef, salt and a pint of meal.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 8th mo. 7th.</i> Lay in the tent most of the day, slept and -read. Dr. Buckley still keeps poorly.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 8th mo. 8th.</i> Had a heavy shower this afternoon. Spent the -day as I do most of them. Read almost through Deuteronomy to-day. -Dr. Buckley is no better, but gets worse. Have been drawing fresh -beef, meal and salt. We make soup. Reports are favorable to our being -paroled, but as yet we know nothing certain about it. The Quartermaster -came in yesterday, and told it around among us, that a parole<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> or -exchange was to take place soon, and they were going to commence in a -few days.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 8th mo. 9th.</i> Was cloudy until about four o'clock this -afternoon, when there came up one of the heaviest showers of rain we -have had since we came here; it flooded the run and washed some of the -stockade above and below, and moved it in several places. They fired -off two guns as a signal and out came a large guard. Drew no rations -to-day for our detachment; they ceased to issue after getting up to -the twentieth. Tried to sell my red shirt, but could not get more -than half I asked for it, so I kept it. They have got the frame of a -large barracks, large enough for a detachment, at the upper end of the -stockade.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 8th mo. 10th.</i> Rather warm. From 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. had a -very hard rain, which did not stop until midnight. We got wet, the tent -leaking very badly. Did not draw rations until this morning, when we -got beans and half a ration of bread. This evening drew half a ration -of bread, salt, and a <i>very small</i> ration of beef. Had beef and bean -soup for supper; nothing to eat before of any account. I was detailed -to draw rations. I carried up a hind quarter of beef. Went and gave Dr. -Buckley a sponge bath and washed his shirt in the run.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 8th mo. 11th.</i> George Hatfield died last night or early -this morning. Dr. Buckley is getting better. The "Rebs" have got the -stockade almost repaired; they are busy putting up a stockade outside -of ours. They have some of our boys putting up barracks near our -detachment. Had a heavy rain this afternoon. Did not get our rations -until very late; got fresh beef and half a ration of bread, but no salt.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 8th mo. 12th.</i> Spent the day reading the Bible and sleeping; -it was warm and pleasant. Gave Buckley a sponge bath this afternoon; he -is improving rapidly. Have had roll-call the last two mornings. Drew -a little meal, a ration of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> beans, a small ration of beef and a half -ration of salt. They are cutting down the rations. The committee of six -which were to go into our lines with the petition, went last First day.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 8th mo. 13th.</i> Was cloudy most of the time and pleasant. -After roll-call, got five others to help to carry Dr. Buckley to the -gate to sick call. The person that Gad sent to attend to his man, ran -off, and we did not get him out. Dr. Buckley fainted twice in our -hands; carried him part of the way, and helped him the rest. I washed -him this evening—he is better. I am busy reading the Bible. There are -many rumors about the parole commencing on the 15th. Drew a ration -of beans and half a ration of bread and fresh beef. We ate only two -pots of bean soup. Sold a ration of beef for ten cents and bought two -spoonsful of salt.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 8th mo. 14th.</i> Was a very hot day. Buckley was much worse -during the day, but seemed to get better in the evening. I wrote a note -to Dr. White, on the outside, asking relief for Buckley, and took it -to the Doctor outside, at Doctor's call. Some one told me to put it in -the letter box, which I did, after consulting two Masons I had found; -one belongs to Ohio and the other is a sergeant in the ninety-eighth -detachment. I washed Buckley this evening. Drew beans, half a ration -of beef and bread, with a little salt. Ate bean soup for breakfast and -rice soup for supper. Have the diarrhœa.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 8th mo. 15th.</i> Spent the day as we did yesterday.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 8th mo. 16th.</i> Was very warm, like yesterday. No signs of a -parole yet—rumors are all false about it. Have given Buckley a washing -every day; he seems to grow better.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 8th mo. 17th.</i> The weather has been extremely warm. Have been -drawing half a ration of bread, fresh beef, salt and beans. I have quit -eating beans.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 8th mo. 18th.</i> Was out and got prescribed for. After -roll-call got six pills; am very weak; am busy reading<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> the Bible. -Still give the Doctor a washing every day; he continues to improve.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 8th mo. 19th.</i> Suffered very much with the diarrhœa. Am -getting weaker. Went to the Doctor's and got my medicine continued. Did -not get any medicine to-day. Sold my ration of bread and Griffith's -for twenty cents, and two and a half rations and one of my own for -twenty-five cents, which made me twenty cents in cash. Had a heavy rain -this evening.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 8th mo. 20th.</i> Was very warm, with a heavy rain in the -evening. Was so weak that I only got out of the tent four times. -Buckley was worse. I was not able to bathe him to-day.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 8th mo. 21st.</i> Was in the tent most of the day. Went to the -run in the evening and took a bath; gave Dr. Buckley a washing. Had -some rain. The Doctor gave me his photograph.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 5th mo. 22d.</i> Very warm. Diarrhœa no better—am very -weak—lay in the tent most of the day. Buckley is worse, and has a -prospect of getting out to the hospital, through the influence of his -friend Rickers.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 8th mo. 23d.</i> Drew rice, molasses and a little pork yesterday, -and an old ration of beef, beans and bread, with a little salt to-day. -Carried Buckley out of the gate at seven o'clock this morning; got him -out among the first, but could not get him in the hospital on account -of too many being admitted yesterday.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 8th mo. 24th.</i> About as hot as ever. Went to the Doctor's -call and saw Rickers, but there was no chance for Buckley, except by -his own surgeon. Have got no medicine for three days. Drew fresh beef, -a mouthful of bacon, corn meal, beans and salt. Ate two rations of -beans to-day, which is going to make me worse. Some of the commissioned -officers, who have been passing off for privates, were taken out<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> -to-day, it is said, to be exchanged. Rumors are favorable to a speedy -parole.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 8th mo. 25th.</i> Did not go to the Doctor's to-day. Diarrhœa -something better. Lay in the house most of the day. Bathed Buckley, who -is still very low. Drew one-half ration of bread, salt pork, boiled -beef and rice; they are going to give us cooked rations now, and some -other detachments raw ones.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 8th mo. 26th.</i> Very warm. Changed our sergeant of mess by -putting out Warner and electing George Suson. Went out to the Doctor's -and got prescriptions for Buckley, who has the scurvy. My complaint is -almost well. The cooked rations agree with me very well. Drew one-half -ration of bread and salt, about a pint of boiled beans, and a ration of -molasses. Took a walk over to see Mathews this evening.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 8th mo. 27th.</i> Was out to the Doctor's call for Buckley. -Spent the day in the old way. Drew some extra molasses this forenoon, -and boiled rice, beef, pork and salt for our rations this evening. -There was only a mouthful of bacon and the rice only half cooked.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 8th mo. 28th.</i> Was extremely warm. Spent the day as usual.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 8th mo. 29th.</i> Was not well the fore-part of the day and did -not get out to the Doctor's. Repeated the vote again for Suson, which -elected him, as before. Put Warner in for sergeant of detachment, in -place of the sergeant-major, who went out on parole to take charge of -ration wagons.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 8th mo. 30th.</i> No Doctor's call. Buckley was worse; I bathed -him and washed a shirt for him.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 8th mo. 31st.</i> Washed my drawers this forenoon, and lay about -most of the day afterwards. Drew bread, boiled beans, beef, salt and a -bit of bacon. Traded my beef for a ration of beans; ate my beans and -pork for supper; traded Griffith's bread for tobacco. Was a warm day.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>5th day, 9th mo. 1st.</i> Was out to the Doctor's call—no medicine—no -prescription. Lay in the house most of the day reading the Bible—have -got through Jeremiah. The news in the Macon papers is favorable to a -speedy exchange. Buckley gets no better. Traded half my bread and beef -for beans; ate nothing but a ration and a half of beans for breakfast. -Drew the same kind of rations except beans—rice only partly cooked. -Last night was so cold that I could not sleep.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 9th mo. 2d.</i> Lay in the house—slept and read most all day. -Drew the same rations as yesterday—got a piece of pork as large as my -fist for a mess of thirty.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 9th mo. 3d.</i> Was cloudy and pleasant to-day. I am rather bad -yet. No news about the exchange to be relied on. Griffith has a lame -back; complains of the rheumatism.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 9th mo. 4th.</i> I am very ill indeed; lay quiet all day.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 9th mo. 5th.</i> Seemed to be the warmest day; suffered terribly -from the heat; lay in the tent most all day; am very weak. Drew bread, -pork, a large ration of molasses, and boiled rice.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 9th mo. 6th.</i> My disease is better. Lay in the tent most all -day. Eighteen detachments were ordered to be ready to leave at any -moment—commencing at the first, going up to the eighteenth.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 9th mo. 7th.</i> Lay in the tent most of the day and am better. -They commenced at the first detachment at seven o'clock this morning -and by night got as many as six, and gave orders up as high as eighteen -to be ready to leave at a short notice. They ordered at first eighteen -detachments to be ready, but could not find transportation for all -to-day. They say they are ordered to Charleston to be exchanged.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 9th mo. 8th.</i> Lay in the house most of the day. Helped Dr. -Buckley all I could. Drew beans, boiled beef, salt and corn meal. They -send off prisoners as fast as they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> can get transportation; have not -got more than twenty detachments away yet; they took some of the higher -detachments after getting up to the eighteenth—seventy-six to eighty. -Mathews got off.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 9th mo. 9th.</i> Was extremely warm to-day. Helped to carry -Buckley up to the barracks; was busy waiting on him until near noon; he -is very ill; at noon he was admitted to the hospital; I went outside -the gate with him; the rebel sergeant would not allow me to stay out -with him. The barracks were vacated and filled up with the sick of the -detachments which have left. The Drs. commenced and admitted large -numbers into the hospital. I have the diarrhœa very bad. About two -thousand more were taken away; they ship them off as fast as they can.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 9th mo. 10th.</i> Had a severe spell of chills and fever last -night; being so bad the day before, was the cause of it; drank plenty -of water, which soon stopped the chills, and threw me into a fever. -Was so weak to-day, could hardly go about. About the same number as -yesterday were sent off; they mostly started in the night. Drew bread, -boiled rice, molasses and salt.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 9th mo. 11th.</i> This was a very warm day. There was not so -many got away except this morning. About all the old prisoners are -gone. Yesterday evening, all from 19 to 23 were ordered to be ready. -About three, o'clock this afternoon, all from 23 to 33 were ordered to -be ready. No sooner was the order given than the "boys" packed up and -moved off to the gate. Each detachment took up its position, ready to -go. Here we lay, anxiously waiting for the cars to come, which were -expected at five o'clock, but they did not come. We lay down on the -ground. Drew boiled rice this forenoon. After getting to the gate, got -boiled beef. I am some better, but so weak and thin, I can just get -along. Griffith has such a lame back, he cannot get along much better than I.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>2d day, 9th mo. 12th.</i> We lay ready to go until almost five o'clock. -Drew rice, molasses, and bread, for two days rations. I am very weak, -hardly able to walk. At five the trains began to come in; we moved out -and got in the cars; sixty to a car. About six o'clock they gave us two -days rations of corn bread and pork; started about dusk and arrived at -Macon about the middle of the night.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 9th mo. 13th.</i> Lay in the cars until daylight; then started -and got to Augusta by evening; stopped there about two hours, then -changed cars and started again about dusk.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 9th mo. 14th.</i> Kept on all night, going on the Columbia road, -and came to a junction which went to Charleston; and, at noon, came to -another junction, one leading towards Wilmington, which we took, after -changing cars, and started about five o'clock, and continued going on -pretty steady all night.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 9th mo. 15th.</i> Arrived at a village called Florence, South -Carolina, and encamped here. Arrived here about two o'clock last night; -lay in the cars until eleven o'clock to-day, then were moved out about -a mile from the place. Clark, Joice, Griffith, and I, put up a snug -tent of two blankets. The day, and, in fact, the weather, has been very -warm since we started; we are almost worn out.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 9th mo. 16th.</i> Slept very cold last night; have the -diarrhœa very bad, and am so weak that I can hardly go about; did -not get any rations until twelve o'clock at night, and then only a -pint of meal and a little piece of pork. The rebel Captain called the -roll this evening. The camp is divided into messes of one hundred, and -detachments of three thousands. I am in mess sixth of our detachment.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 9th mo. 17th.</i> Was a very warm day; I got no better; am so -weak, can hardly help myself. Last night was so cold I could not sleep -until we took down the blankets and put them over us. Drew a pint of -rice for two days' rations.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>1st day, 9th mo. 18th.</i> Drew a pint of beans, pork and salt. Had roll -call; all that were sick and not able to go, were excused; and, after -roll call, were ordered to the hospital. I was put on the sick list. -About noon we were taken outside of the camp for the purpose of drawing -better rations. In the evening drew a good ration of sweet potatoes, a -leaf of cabbage, a little beef and salt. I have Griffith's overcoat, -which is the only shelter I have. Close, Roberts, Clark and I are together.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 9th mo. 19th.</i> Lay under our tree, and sit by the fire all -night; it was very cool. Drew same rations as yesterday, excepting the -cabbage; got a square inch of pumpkin. About noon got orders to move to -the opposite side of the camp, when the most able men, the nurses, and -those who wished, were sent back to camp; the rest put in detachments -of one hundred. I am in the seventh detachment; are in the woods, with -water handy.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 9th mo. 20th.</i> Had a cool night of it last night; lay in the -woods until five o'clock; then were taken up to the shedding, in the -field. Clark and I went back to the woods to sleep. It was cloudy all -night, and in the evening rained. Drew same rations as yesterday.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 9th mo. 21st.</i> Lay under our tree all night and were up at -daylight; had a cold night of it. The nurses put up some boughs over -poles for us, but they made poor shelter, excepting from the sun. We -were worse off here excepting the rations. Drew a sweet potato, five -spoonfuls of flour, the same of rice, and half a tablespoonful of salt. -My diarrhœa is almost checked, but my strength is poor yet.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 9th mo. 22d.</i> It rained last night, but I lay in my overcoat -and kept dry. Drew the same rations of flour as yesterday, two -spoonsful of corn meal, rice, salt and a mouthful of bacon. Make gruel -and rice soup mostly for Close and I. Am decidedly better to-day. Had a -good deal of rain this evening.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>6th day, 9th mo. 23d.</i> Was cloudy all day; rained in the fore-part -of the night; made out to sleep a little. Got some dead pine leaves -and spread on the ground for my bed. My overcoat kept me from getting -"wringing wet." Got everything dry to day, and went to the creek and -took a bath. All who were able were sent to the creek to bathe, and -before they got back the doctor sent three hundred and fifty of them -back to camp. I cannot gain strength. Drew hominy, rice, flour and a -pinch of salt.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 9th mo. 24th.</i> Lay about all day and cooked. Had a heavy rain -in the evening. Drew corn meal, rice, fresh beef, and a pinch of salt. -My old complaint is back on me as bad as ever.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 9th mo. 25th.</i> Was a clear, warm and windy day. My -diarrhœa gets no better. Drew fresh beef, a good ration, and salt -only. Made soup of rice. I cook for Close. All who could walk were sent -back to camp; I was left out, being able to walk only a little. Clark -was sent in. Had a cool night.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 9th mo. 26th.</i> Last night was very cold—cold enough for -frost. To-day was fine and clear, but rather cool. Am very weak and -prostrated. There are some rumors of an exchange going on.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 9th mo. 21th.</i> Was warm; last night was cold. All excepting -the worst cases were sent to camp. I got some medicine this evening—a -pill of camphor and opium; some with dysentery got oleum ricini and -spirits of turpentine. The scurvy cases, a decoction of Sumac berries, -which was pleasant to drink. Some kind citizens sent some boiled sweet -potatoes, ham, cabbage and bread for the worst cases. The steward, who -seems to notice me considerably, gave Close and I some of all the above -named articles, so we wanted no supper. Drew corn meal, fresh beef and -salt. I cooked beans until eleven o'clock at night for our breakfast. -Am no better, but have a good appetite.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>4th day, 9th mo. 28th.</i> Was very warm all day; spent the day as -yesterday. Drew meal, beans and salt.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 9th mo. 29th.</i> Was a warm night; I slept well. My complaint -is no better; am very weak. Drew meal, rice, salt, molasses, and some -sweet potatoes; the molasses is of the worst sorghum. They give us -medicine once per day.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 9th mo. 30th.</i> Spent the day laying in my shed. My disease is -on the mend. Got to the creek and took a bath this forenoon. Drew fresh -beef, rice, meal and salt. Got medicine to-day. The men die pretty fast.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 10th mo. 1st.</i> Lay quiet as possible. Drew one-half of a -large hard tack, eight spoonsful of molasses, and salt.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 10th mo. 2d.</i> Was busy pottering around all day. Drew one -half of hard tack, eight spoonsful of molasses, salt, corn meal and -flour. The men are dying off very fast all around me. Griffith was put -in the third Ward. Got my cap and gum blanket.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 10th mo. 3d.</i> Spent the day as yesterday. Had some rain in the -evening. Drew fresh beef, beans, flour and salt. My health is better.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 10th mo. 4th.</i> Lay quiet; my complaint is some better. Drew -molasses, rice, flour and salt—a good ration.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 10th mo. 5th.</i> Lay quiet. Took a dose of olium vicini last -night. Did not eat much to-day; am getting stouter. Drew meal, beans -and salt. Was a warm and pleasant day. Edward Roberts died in the -afternoon. I went down to see how he was, and found him only breathing.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 10th mo. 6th.</i> Am getting better; walked around a good deal -to-day. Sold my knife for six dollars in Confederate money; also, five -pearl buttons for fifty cents. Partly cooked some beans after ten -o'clock this evening. Had a heavy rain.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 10th mo. 7th.</i> Am better to-day than I have been for some -time. Bought seven sweet potatoes for fifty cents<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> and ate the half -of them. Drew fifteen small crackers, sent to us by the Sanitary -Commission, and some flour and salt. Wrote a letter for Close to his -father; he has given up all hopes of recovery.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 10th mo. 8th.</i> Was clear and cold all day. Drew fifteen small -crackers, a small spoonful of beef tea, some condensed milk and coffee. -Two rations made only a pint of coffee; I gave all to Close—he seemed -to relish them. Shirts and drawers were issued to those who needed -them; they were sent by the Sanitary Commission. I feel better and -stouter to-day, and made out to draw three buckets of water and carry -it. Sold a knife for Close for one dollar, and bought one dollar's -worth of sweet potatoes.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 10th mo. 9th.</i> Was very cool all day. Drew the usual rations. -The men are dying off very fast.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 10th mo. 10th.</i> Last night it was so cold that it was as much -as I could do to keep from freezing. It was clear and cool all day. -Drew thin half-blankets for those who had none, also socks, hats and -drawers, from the Sanitary Commission.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 10th mo. 11th.</i> Spent the day, which was very cool, as -yesterday. Drew same kind of rations.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 10th mo. 12th.</i> Was warm to-day. Have been troubled with -a sore mouth, arising from a bad cold. Medicine does no good. Drew -medicine, got drowsy and went to bed.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 10th mo. 13th.</i> Have had a worse attack of that "terrible -scourge" to-day than I have had for a long time. Took medicine to no -purpose.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 10th mo. 14th.</i> I am no better; worse if anything. Drew -"Sanitary stuff" for the worst cases, and fresh beef, flour and corn -meal.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 10th mo. 15th.</i> Was a fine day; lay quiet most of the time. -Sanitary stuff for Close, and the worst cases, were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> issued. Drew some -crackers with a ration. Put Close's and mine in soup. My complaint -seems to be better.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 10th mo. 16th.</i> A pleasant day. Close about the same. Drank -concentrated coffee and sconce. I feel better, but cannot get my -disease checked. Took three cathartic pills this evening. Drew no -rations.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 10th mo. 17th.</i> Was the same kind of day to me as others. -Close was worse all day; the ward-master got him an egg, some beef tea -and coffee, which he ate and yet seemed hungry. We think he cannot live -over night.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 10th mo. 18th.</i> Covered Close up with all the blankets, and -got permission to sleep by the nurse's fire. The night was cool. Close -kept sinking until four o'clock this morning, when he died. It looks -like rain again this morning. Burns, one of the nurses, and I, put up -a tent of my gum blanket and one of the new blankets. I am not much -better.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 10th mo. 19th.</i> Warm and pleasant; was busy most of the time, -but did not do much. The Sanitary Commission has been sending clothing -here, but it is rather light stuff, such as red pants, gray drawers, -and red and gray shirts.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 10th mo. 20th.</i> Lay as quiet as possible all day. Am better.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 10th mo. 21st.</i> Lay as quiet as possible all day. The nights -are very cool.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 10th mo. 22d.</i> Last night was very cool, but I got a good -night's rest. To-day was blustery and cold, but clear. At ten o'clock -the hospital was moved inside of the stockade, and to the northwest -corner of it. All who were able to walk were sent ahead, and after -getting in were taken across the creek and put in charge of a corporal. -I took a walk around and bought two Confederate dollars worth of sweet -potatoes for my dinner; traded all my beans for salt; then took a walk -to the hospital grounds, and found our steward and nurses, who told me -to bring my things. Burns and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> I put up a tent as before and prepared -for a cold night; ate a little boiled rice. The steward gave me four -spoonsful of canned tomatoes and a biscuit for my supper.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 10th mo. 23d.</i> Was cool; lay about, and kept warm in the sun -and tent.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 10th mo. 24th.</i> Lay in the tent most of the time. A Mason, -ward-master, came to see me. A rebel Lieutenant was looking around for -us. The backs of my hands are so badly chapped I can hardly do any -thing.</p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>It appears that from inability or some other cause, Charles Smedley was -unable to give us any further account of his trials and sufferings; and -that the 24th of the 10th month, 1864, was the last day he was able to -write. I have deemed it appropriate to add the following account of -his last days, (obtained from Richard Dobbins, who was the steward or -ward-master, referred to by Charles, and who attended him until near -his last moments,) as a finale to his own history, as given in his diary.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Joel Smedley.</span></p> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>Having had some acquaintance with Charles Smedley—the writer of the -foregoing diary—for some time previous to his decease, at the request -of his father, I shall endeavor to give some account, from memory, -of the last days of his existence; also, a brief account of my own -experience while in the hands of the rebels, as their prisoner.</p> - -<p>My name is Richard Dobbins, a native of western Missouri. I belonged -to Company H, 18th Regiment Iowa Volunteers—was taken prisoner at -the battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25th, 1863—was sent to the -Libby prison, in Richmond, Va., where I remained a short time—Then -I was sent to Belle Island, where I suffered very much from cold and -starvation. I often thought of death, which stared me in the face -daily; though I was not worse off than the majority of the other<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> -prisoners. I remained there until the 16th of March, 1864, when I was -sent with others to Andersonville, in Georgia, where I suffered very -much; not so much from starvation as on the island, but from the rain -and cold; also from smoke, from the burning of pine wood. We were of -course thinly clad, some destitute of blankets, some of shoes, some -of pants, while others had scarcely any clothes on them. The majority -of us had been searched and robbed of all our good clothing, money, -watches, boots, &c. It seemed as though we could expect nothing but -death to relieve us from our sufferings. Over twelve thousand of the -prisoners died at Andersonville.</p> - -<p>On the 8th of September, I, with others, was sent from there, and in -due time arrived at Savannah. From thence we were moved to Charleston, -South Carolina, where the rebels made a kind of military display of us, -by marching us through the city, and putting us in the prison, near the -officers who were under the fire of our own guns.</p> - -<p>We remained there only one day and night, and then were marched to the -rear of the city on the race-course track, where we staid but a short -time; then I was sent to Florence, South Carolina. Shortly after I -arrived there, I was taken out on "parole of honor," and sent to the -Federal hospital by the rebel surgeons, as master of one of the wards -there.</p> - -<p>It was there I became acquainted with Corporal Charles Smedley, of -Company G, Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, (although I had -frequently seen him at sick call, while at Andersonville, but did not -make his acquaintance,) who was a patient in my ward.</p> - -<p>A little incident occurred there that manifested his kind and generous -disposition, which attracted my attention, and caused me to feel a deep -interest in his welfare. I had prepared some food for him, the best -I could get, and took it to him. He immediately gave it all to David -Close, (who was a fellow prisoner with him, and very sick,) saying, -"you need it worse than I."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> - -<p>When he first came to the hospital, he complained of chronic -diarrhœa and dysentery. After a few days the dysentery left him, -though he was very weak. He kindly waited on David Close, and seemed -willing to do all he could for him, as he considered Close worse than -himself. I think he hurt himself by over exertion. He waited on Close -all he could, until he died, which appears to have occurred on the -morning of the 18th of October.</p> - -<p>A few days after the death of David Close, the hospital was moved -inside of the stockade, to the North-west corner. Charles, with others, -walked in. In the evening Charles came over to the hospital. We told -him he had better get his things, and come back to the hospital and -stay, which he did. Shortly after he came, his hands became very sore, -apparently from a dropsical affection, and were bandaged up.</p> - -<p>His walk, from the hospital to the inside of the stockade, appeared to -have been too much for his strength. From that day he became worse, -though he was able to walk about, almost every day, until the day -before he died.</p> - -<p>He gave me his watch some time before, saying, "he might drop off any -time," and requested me, if it should so happen, to take it home to -his father, and tell him all, which I promised him I would do, if it -was possible. He seemed cheerful, and manifested no fears of death. -In fact, he always appeared cheerful and in good spirits, and seemed -confident that he would get home again. He certainly had a very hard -and trying time while in prison, but was seldom heard to complain or -find fault. <i>He was a good soldier and a true patriot.</i></p> - -<p>He died on the night of the 16th of November, 1864. He was washed, -shaved, and clean clothes put on him, but no coffin was provided for -him. His body was wrapped in a sheet and buried in the burial ground, -a short distance north of north-west of the stockade. The number of -his grave was probably recorded at the rebel headquarters, as is their -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>custom, but I do not know the number. I tried to get the number, but -could not, for reasons best known to the rebel officers.</p> - -<p>After his death I secured his Bible, diary, a small book in which he -kept the photographs of his family, and a few little tools, with which -he used to while away the time in making bone rings, &c.; all of which, -with the watch, according to my promise, I have succeeded in delivering -to his father.</p> - -<p>I was paroled on the 29th of November, 1864, and sent from Florence, -South Carolina, to Savannah, Georgia, where I was put on shipboard, and -brought, with many others, to Annapolis, Maryland, where I arrived on -the morning of the 5th of December, and immediately informed Charles -Smedley's father of his sad fate.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Richard Dobbins</span>, <br /> -Co. H, 17th Regiment Iowa Volunteers</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> His little tent as described under date of "3d day, 5th -mo. 24th."</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> The term street must be applied to the road in the centre -of the stockade. It cannot possibly be a street in the town.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> By the term "raiders," the writer designates a set of -thieves and cut-throats among the prisoners, who made a practice of -robbing newly arrived Union soldiers.</p></div></div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p> - -<h2><span>MARCH TO AND BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.</span> <span class="smaller">SIXTH AND SEVENTH MONTHS, 1863.</span></h2> - -<hr class="smler" /> - -<p>On the march into Maryland, <i>5th day, 6th mo. 25th, 1863</i>, were called -in from picket about nine o'clock; went to the old camp, and joined, -or followed the division, which has been on the march for some time. -Should have remained on picket, as the column passed the right of the -picket line. Followed the road to Edward's Ferry, where we crossed on -one of the pontoons; went on, and passed through Poolsville, and then -on to Barnesville, where we encamped in a clump of thick, low pines, -on the north side of the town; had a difficult time getting into the -woods. It had been raining all day, and still continued; Jos. and I put -up Clay's tent, and took Chaplin in with us; we were almost "wringing -wet" from perspiration and rain. Had a hard march, and were almost worn -out.</p> - -<p><i>6th day, 6th mo. 26th.</i> Were called up at daylight by the Adjutant, -but did not get out until all the other regiments were off. We got -ready, and were off by five o'clock, and went on as fast as possible, -but did not catch up to the brigade until we had gone several miles. -All of our things were wet, which made our load heavy to carry. We -crossed the Monocacy river, went through Adamstown, and came to -Jeffersonville, where we took up our camp for the night. I gave out -about the middle of the day, and fell down; got a pass from the -Captain, signed by the Doctor, as I could not keep up, and took my -time; got to within a mile of Jeffersonville by the time the division -halted. Made some coffee, and went to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> a cherry tree and got some -cherries, which was the most I had to eat to-day. We put up our tent, -and went to a stack of straw and got an armful for our bed; took the -sergeant in with us. It rained some all night; our clothes were very -wet—could almost wring them.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 6th mo. 27th.</i> The bugle sounded about four o'clock, we got -up about five, and were packed up by eight. Went to a house near by to -get water and wash; then went to a cherry tree and got some cherries. -Made some tea for breakfast. By half past eight were in line, and -started. Went through the town, and followed the road leading towards -Middletown. We made an easy march of it, a distance of eight miles. The -roads were hard, which made the marching good. We got to Middletown by -one o'clock, passed on through towards the mountains, and encamped. -We appear to be in a valley. All of the First and Twelfth Corps are -encamped around here. The country we have passed through the last two -days is of the best farming land.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 6th mo. 28th.</i> Last night we got one day's rations of sugar, -coffee, crackers, beef and pork. The Adjutant said we would be likely -to move at three o'clock this morning. Had inspection of arms and -accoutrements about twelve; at one I was out on guard; about two the -bugle sounded to pack up, and at three the Corps was off. The guards -acted as rear guards. Took the Frederick City pike, and got within a -mile of the city by night, when the Corps encamped. The rear guard had -to go on guard on arriving.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 6th mo. 29th.</i> The bugles began to sound the reveille about -three o'clock. The third relief went oh at four, when the bugle sounded -"pack up;" by five the Corps was off. The sergeant of the third relief -took charge of us, and we staid behind to get breakfast. I took three -hard-tacks and a piece of pork and ate them on post for my breakfast. -Our camp is in a meadow, with a fine run of water in it. We<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> passed -over a very mountainous country yesterday, but very beautiful. The -marching was easy, on good pike; weather cloudy and misty. We soon -started, in charge of the sergeant, who had a few lines from the -officer of the day. When we came to the pike, we joined the middle of -the First Division, which was in the rear. After going one-fourth of -a mile, the road branched off, one leading towards Frederick City and -the other to Pennsylvania. We followed on, and caught up to the Second -Brigade by noon. Passed the Second and Fifth Maryland Battalions. Had -very muddy roads, the mist turning into rain at times. Followed a pike -leading towards Hagerstown; passed through as far as Cotocton Furnace, -halted half an hour, after going three or four miles past the furnace, -and ate our little dinner. After the half-hour was up the column -started. I joined the regiment, and kept with it past Mechanicstown, -when the roads were so muddy and wet I could no more than keep up. We -followed the pike, passing through Emmettsburg, amid the waving of -flags and handkerchiefs by the ladies. After going one-half a mile past -the town, we encamped in a field.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 6th mo. 30th.</i> Slept pretty well—it rained some in the night. -Got up at five o'clock, and started at eight; went back through the -town, then across the Pennsylvania line, and halted and encamped. We -met the Eleventh Corps coming through Emmettsburg, going the road we -came. Just before we started, an old gentleman and lady came into camp, -bringing bread, butter, biscuits and doughnuts, and gave them to us, -saying, "poor fellows, we'll give you all we have, if you will drive -the rebels off, and hope you'll not get killed." As soon as we crossed -the line, we gave nine cheers. After stopping, we were told to put up -our tents. My feet are very sore and blistered.</p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 1st.</i> Sergeant and I slept together, the other mate -was on guard. Got up at five. Had fresh beef<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> for breakfast. The bugle -sounded "pack up," and about seven o'clock we started on the road -towards Gettysburg; at nine were within three miles of Gettysburg; -halted to rest; heard something like cannonading ahead. About the -middle of the day got to Gettysburg, and halted. There was pretty -sharp fighting to the left and ahead of us. We have halted in a piece -of woods; can see the firing plainly, and may soon be in it. After -stopping for half an hour, we advanced by the left of the town, and -halted a few minutes, then went on and formed in line of battle. I -threw away everything but a few envelopes and paper, which I put in my -note book. We first threw out skirmishers, and after manœuvering -around for some time, got into the thickest of the fight. I could not -get my musket to work right, but fired something like twenty rounds. -After near an hour's hard fighting, we were compelled to fall back; -and, after manœuvering, our brigade went up to the top of a hill -and supported a battery, which did good service. After near an hour, -were compelled to fall back to the town. The rebels had flanked us. -We lost a great many, the most when we fell back the first time. A -bullet grazed the right side of my neck, and another my right hip. We -retreated through the town in great confusion, and all the time the -rebels were shelling it, and some shooting from the houses. We got -into some kind of order after getting out of the town, and by sundown, -what was left of us, are in line of battle. Sent out skirmishers. When -we were first under fire, a piece of shell struck the ground between -Captain and I, throwing the sand in our faces. The whole number of -killed and wounded of the Ninetieth Regiment is near fifty—of our -company four or five wounded.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 2d.</i> Slept last night behind the stacks, on two -rails, under my gum blanket. All was quiet. Captain gave me five -crackers and some coffee for my breakfast. There is some firing out -among the pickets, and skirmishing going<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> on all the time. Several -other Corps came up yesterday and last night; we are stronger now. The -Eleventh, Twelfth and Third Corps are here, that I know of, besides -our own. Ours and the Eleventh appear to be the only forces engaged. -At twelve o'clock all was quiet. All the forenoon there was firing -among the skirmishers, and some artillery firing, and a great deal of -manœuvering in the different parts of the army. Large numbers of the -enemy came over and gave themselves up, and we took some prisoners. The -great mistake yesterday was in not having reinforcements near at hand. -To-day we are very strong, but as yet nothing has been done. General -Reynolds was killed yesterday. About three o'clock the cannonading -opened on the left, and then all along the line. In less than an hour -the musketry opened on the left, and kept up a continued fire until -dark. We (the First Corps) were supporting batteries, in the centre, -for the first hour or so; then we were taken more to the right, where -most of the Corps seemed to be; here we were for more than an hour; we -lay close to the ground to get out of the way of shells. About seven -o'clock we were taken to near the extreme left, formed in line and -advanced some distance, then halted and sent out skirmishers, (twenty -from our Regiment.) By this time, except the artillery, all was quiet, -but occasional firing among the skirmishers. While laying here, I went -back with canteens to get water, and when I returned, found the Brigade -moving towards the right. We held our ground all day, and on the left, -where the fight was the hottest, we drove the enemy, taking a large -number of prisoners. Large numbers of dead and wounded lay all over -the field. One of our skirmishers came to a man with both legs shot -off, who gave him his watch, and offered him five dollars to shoot him. -Our Captain came across the rebel General Barksdale, who was mortally -wounded. We were put into different positions during the night, and at -last halted along a road running towards the south end of the town, -behind a stone fence.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>6th day, 7th mo. 3d.</i> The battle opened with the skirmishers on the -left and cannonading all along our lines, at daylight. The batteries -behind us shot over our heads. The musketry was sharp on the right. -We were first taken from the position we occupied last night to the -rear of the battery near the Cemetery, where we remained for half an -hour; then were moved to the right a little more, where we lay behind -the batteries until near eleven o'clock. The firing was very hot -on all sides—sharp musketry on the right. About eleven the rebels -concentrated their fire on the centre, when we formed in line, and -under a heavy fire of shot and shell, moved to the right, or north of -the Cemetery, and lay in front of the battery. Here the fire was very -hot, the rebels having batteries playing on us from all sides; many -of our men were struck by the shells; we lay flat and escaped many -bullets, &c., from the skirmishers and sharpshooters. The sun came out -very warm and many of our men were sun-struck. We lay here some three -hours. The First Division of the Eleventh Corps was in front, all along -the road. About three o'clock we had to get up, under the heaviest -fire I ever saw, and form in line of battle behind some batteries in -the Cemetery. Just as we started, Colonel Coulter, of the Eleventh -Corps, who had command of the First Brigade, was struck in the arm by -a sharpshooter; Colonel Lyle took his place, and Major Sellers took -command of the Ninetieth Regiment. We were taken towards the left of -the centre and put in the front line of battle. Here General Hayes rode -along the lines with a rebel battle flag. We advanced to within one -hundred yards of the road, and formed in line, and sent out a large -force of skirmishers. As we lay here, we had the fire of the rebel -sharpshooters and skirmishers in our front, and a large Whitworth gun, -which the rebels had planted on our flank, over two miles off, which -was constantly letting the missiles fly directly over or near us. Four -fell near the right of our line, but did no damage. We put up a few<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> -rails and lay as low as possible. About seven o'clock in the evening, -all of the Ninetieth who were not skirmishing, had to support a company -of sharpshooters; I was among them; we went to the road and lay behind -the bank until dark, and then came in, carrying Miller with us in a -blanket to the hospital; then went back to the line, and made a strong -barricade of rails and stones, three feet high, where we lay all night. -All have run out of rations. This has been a warm day all around. We -still hold the field. General Longstreet was wounded and is in our -hands. Just as we came here, there had been a charge made in front of -us, which drove the rebels. Large numbers came into our lines, holding -up their hands, hats, and white rags.</p> - -<p><i>7th day, 7th mo. 4th.</i> Six o'clock A. M. Still hold our position. All -is quiet except the skirmishing. Had rations of pork, crackers, sugar -and coffee. Night. We lay in the position we took up last. This morning -we made a barricade strong enough to turn bullets. This evening some -of us were put on detail for burying the dead, but when we got out to -where we were ordered, found that we were not wanted. We took a look -at the large numbers of wounded prisoners in the barns and the field, -southeast of the Cemetery, which was covered with everything almost -belonging to a soldier. Most of the dead have been buried. All day -there were details sent out to gather up muskets, cartridge boxes, &c. -There was no fighting, except amongst the skirmishers and pickets, all -day, but we did not know how soon we might be called on. I tried to get -liberty to go and look for Wheaton, who was wounded, but could not. The -news is this evening that the rebels have left. We had a very heavy -rain this afternoon. Got rations of pork, crackers, coffee and sugar, -for four days, this evening.</p> - -<p><i>1st day, 7th mo. 5th.</i> Had a hard night last night; made a bed on -three rails, with gum blanket for cover; it rained very hard all -night. Soon after we got to bed, orders came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> for every man to have -his accoutrements on, and gun by his side. About three o'clock there -was a general alarm along our lines; we were up and in our places in -a moment, but after waiting half an hour, when all was quiet, General -Baxter said we might go to bed again. The alarm was false. I tried -again to get liberty to look for Wheaton, but could not. We were sent -out to gather up the dead and wounded rebels who lay in front of us. -They could not be got off any earlier on account of the sharpshooters. -We went out this morning to look at the field where we had not been -before; it was a horrible sight, the ground being literally strewed -with dead and a few wounded. The dead were so putrified that it would -be difficult for a friend to recognize one. The mail came in this -morning; received letters and sent some home. About nine o'clock we -were taken out to relieve the Sixth Corps, which had been stationed -to the left one-fourth of a mile, behind some rifle-pits. We remained -until sundown, when we were moved farther to the front, and encamped -for the night. This afternoon I went up to see some who were in Company -B, Ninety-ninth Regiment, which was encamped farther up towards the -left. Saw a citizen from Lancaster. There are a great many citizens on -the field. This has been a cloudy, dull, damp day.</p> - -<p><i>2d day, 7th mo. 6th.</i> Moved from near the left of the battle-field -this morning, and encamped within a mile of Emmettsburg; was put on -guard. This has been a damp day, and the ground is very muddy.</p> - -<p><i>3d day, 7th mo. 7th.</i> We were called up early this morning, and -started on the Frederick City pike; went through Emmettsburg. Instead -of going to Frederick City, took a cut across the mountains, and got -within six miles of Middletown, and encamped in the mountains near -Belmont. This was one of the hardest marches we have had yet; distance, -twenty-two miles. The mountains were so steep and the roads so muddy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>4th day, 7th mo. 8th.</i> Were called up at four o'clock, ordered to pack -up, and get in line immediately, which we did, and were on the road. We -took the direct road to, and went through Middletown, and encamped half -a mile north of the town. We were almost worn out by the time we got to -camp. It rains most of the time, making the roads muddy and traveling -difficult. At two o'clock we had orders to move, and by half-past two -were off. Took the Hagerstown pike and followed it partly over the -mountain; then turned to the left, and up a high mountain, and formed -in line of battle along the road at sundown. After getting supper we -built breastworks until dark. Part of the Eleventh Corps is here with -us. Met large numbers of cavalry. Most of the army is here. The rebels -are not far off.</p> - -<p><i>5th day, 7th mo. 9th.</i> Were up at daylight and got our breakfast; then -all hands went to work and put up our breastworks near three feet high. -By six heard something like skirmishing in front of us, and a band -playing. By seven o'clock we were under arms. Yesterday afternoon we -heard some cannonading, which, we were told, was our cavalry and the -rebel cavalry, with some artillery. We have a strong stone wall before -us. We lay all day behind our works. All the rest of the army, or -nearly so, has gone by; we, the First Corps, are in the rear and will -not go until morning.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Life in Southern Prisons, by Charles Smedley - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE IN SOUTHERN PRISONS *** - -***** This file should be named 60084-h.htm or 60084-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/0/8/60084/ - -Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/60084-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/60084-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index bc39bfe..0000000 --- a/old/60084-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60084-h/images/i002.jpg b/old/60084-h/images/i002.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 2f197d9..0000000 --- a/old/60084-h/images/i002.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60084.txt b/old/60084.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 347546d..0000000 --- a/old/60084.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2370 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life in Southern Prisons, by Charles Smedley - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Life in Southern Prisons - From the Diary of Corporal Charles Smedley - -Author: Charles Smedley - -Editor: Charles H. Stubbs - James. H. Clark - Annie Smedley - Elwood Smedley - -Release Date: August 10, 2019 [EBook #60084] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE IN SOUTHERN PRISONS *** - - - - -Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -+-------------------------------------------------+ -|Transcriber's note: | -| | -|Obvious typographic errors have been corrected. | -| | -+-------------------------------------------------+ - - -[Illustration: Your Friend Chas. Smedley] - - - - -LIFE - -IN - -SOUTHERN PRISONS; - -FROM THE DIARY OF - -CORPORAL CHARLES SMEDLEY, - -OF COMPANY G, 90TH REGIMENT PENN'A VOLUNTEERS, - -COMMENCING A FEW DAYS BEFORE THE "BATTLE OF THE -WILDERNESS," IN WHICH HE WAS TAKEN PRISONER, IN -THE EVENING OF FIFTH MONTH FIFTH, 1864: - -ALSO, - -A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE MARCH TO -AND BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, - -TOGETHER WITH A - -BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR. - - -"If it is never to be my lot to return to you, remember me only as one -who went to do his duty."--C. SMEDLEY. _Letter to parents, dated 8th -mo. 14th, 1862._ - - -PUBLISHED BY -THE LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S FULTON AID SOCIETY. - -PEARSOL & GEIST, PRINTERS, DAILY EXPRESS OFFICE. -1865. - - -April 7th, 1865. At a regular meeting of the FULTON AID -SOCIETY, "New Business" being in order, the following resolutions -were offered and unanimously adopted: - -_Resolved_, That the "Fulton Aid Society" request of the friends of the -late CHARLES SMEDLEY, that a copy of his diary, kept while a -prisoner at Andersonville, Georgia, be furnished for the purpose of -publication. - -_Resolved_, That a Committee consisting of four members of the -association be appointed to receive the manuscript, prepare it for -publication, and that it be authorized to have printed an edition of -four hundred copies for the use of the Society. - -In conformity with the above resolutions, the following were appointed -the Committee: - -CHAS. H. STUBBS, M. D., Chairman. -JAMES H. CLARK, -ANNIE SMEDLEY, -ELWOOD SMEDLEY. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The following pages contain a plain, unvarnished statement of facts -that occurred under the notice of one who was so unfortunate as to be -taken prisoner by those who sought to destroy and dissever our glorious -country. As will be perceived, it is written with great care, hence its -reliability. - -It was thought best to print the author's diary, just as it was -received, without any amplification, save that absolutely necessary -for the press. To the reader we will say that Dr. Buckley was one of -our surgeons who fell into the hands of the Confederates. Corporal Wm. -Griffith, of Company G, 90th Regiment P. V., was taken prisoner along -with Charles Smedley. He is spoken of as "Griffith." - -With these few explanations we offer this little book to our citizens, -feeling confident that it will be purchased and read by many of them. - -In purchasing this work you contribute your mite towards alleviating -the condition of those whose sufferings are so well set forth in its -pages. - -COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION. - - - - -BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CHAS. SMEDLEY. - -BY CHAS. H. STUBBS, M. D. - - -Charles Smedley, eldest son of Joel and Martha Smedley, was born in -Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on the first day -of November, 1836. Until his nineteenth year he remained at home, -assisting his father in farming during the Summer seasons, and in the -Winter attending the public school of the district. Having mastered -the elementary branches usually taught in the district schools, and -desiring to acquire a knowledge of the higher scientific studies, he -entered as a student in the celebrated Friends' School at Westtown, -on the seventh of May, 1855. While at this institution, he pursued -the studies he had chosen with great diligence and success. By close -application he attained an honorable standing in his class; and his -strict deportment merited the high approbation of his preceptors and -the confidence of all his companions. - -On the eleventh of April, 1856, after spending nearly a year -at Westtown, he returned home and again assisted his father in -superintending the mills and managing the farm. This engaged his -attention for the next two years. - -In the Spring of 1858 he concluded to commence business for himself. -That of a merchant suggested itself; but feeling deficient in knowledge -necessary to success if he engaged in this business, he resolved to -prepare himself by taking a mercantile course. With this object in -view, on the fifth of May, 1858, he entered the Lancaster County Normal -School at Millersville. While at Millersville he became an active an -influential member of the Page Society--a noted literary association -connected with the Normal School. - -Having remained one term at the Normal School, he returned to his -native place in the Fall, and on the thirteenth of October, 1858, -entered into an agreement with his father to take the grist and saw -mills "on the shares." He continued to have charge of the mills for -two year, and met with good success. During these two years he took an -active interest in every movement that would have a tendency to improve -the moral condition of society. - -Believing strongly in the influence to be exerted by example, he -joined several associations, whose object was of a reformatory -character. Uniting himself with the Odd Fellows and Good Templars, -he took an active part in the business of both of these orders. In -these associations he was among the first to see that the rules were -implicitly obeyed and kept inviolate. On one occasion a fellow member -of the order of Odd Fellows was on trial for violating one of the sworn -conditions on which he entered the lodge, by persisting in getting -intoxicated whenever he felt disposed. The member who was most opposed -to continuing this habitual drunkard in the lodge was Charles Smedley. -In his little speech made in opposition, he boldly and fearlessly -asserted that it was immaterial what position the person on trial might -occupy--by his late actions the accused had unfitted himself to be -continued any longer in the association, and in his opinion should be -expelled. - -In the Order of Good Templars Chas. Smedley attained the highest -position in the Lodge of which he was a member. Through his influence -many other young men were induced to join and forever eschew that -accursed evil which has led to the ruin of many noble youths and caused -them to fill premature graves. - -On the twenty-first of April, 1862, he gave up his interest in the -mills, having in contemplation a visit to some of the northern cities. -After traveling several weeks in central New York, and spending a -few days in the great Eastern Metropolis, young Smedley returned to -Pennsylvania on the twenty-first of May. - -The great rebellion had now been in progress for a year. Throughout the -sections of country visited by him, the young men of the North were -rapidly volunteering for their country's defense. Thinking it was not -right for him to travel now and spend his time, he came home with the -determination of serving his country in her hour of peril. - -Well knowing that the consent of his parents could not be obtained, -(they being members of the Society of Friends, one of the most -important tenets of which is "a testimony against war,") he bid them -adieu and started for Philadelphia, where, on the 29th of May, 1862, he -enlisted as a member of Company G, 90th Regiment Penna. Volunteers. - -For some the life of a soldier has its attractions. The sound of -martial music, the gay uniform, the novelty of camp life, and the -desire for fame--all contribute to allure many into the military -service. None of these inducements had any weight with Charles Smedley. -No one had a greater hatred of war; but like many others, he felt -that this war was prosecuted on the part of the North for _National -existence_, and as such differed from wars of aggression. Hence he -thought it was _his duty_, as it was the duty of every man, to assist -in putting down the rebellion. Maintaining these views, and from -motives of the highest patriotism, Chas. Smedley joined the army "for -three years or the war." - -In a letter written to the author of this sketch, soon after he -enlisted, dated "Front Royal, 6th mo. 16th, 1862," he says: "After -traveling through the different parts of the country and witnessing -the state of things caused by this rebellion, I, by degrees, made up -my mind that the larger the force that we could put in the field, -the sooner would this rebellion be crushed, and it was the duty of -every person, who could, to volunteer. Having no business to require -my attention, that I liked, and believing that if ever I lent my aid -in suppressing this rebellion, now was the time, hence my present -situation." - -In a letter dated "6th mo. 19th, 1862," addressed to one of his -relatives, in answer to the question, "how he liked soldiering?" he -replied: "If I were at home, perhaps I would find more pleasure; but to -take everything into consideration, it is every man's duty to try and -put down this rebellion. I did not expect to like a soldier's life when -I left home, but can honestly say that I like it better than I expected -to." - -From a letter written to his parents, dated "7th mo. 4th, 1862," we -take the following beautiful and patriotic sentiments: "I am sorry to -hear that you cannot help being uneasy about me. This regiment, as yet, -has not been in any dangerous positions, and may not during the war. -As far as myself is concerned, I have no fears and feel it my duty to -go wherever the regiment is ordered. The question often comes into my -mind, "have I done right?" To this my conscience answers that I have, -and must continue to do my duty. The longer I remain the more firmly I -am impressed that I am doing nothing but my simple duty and all will -come out right in the end. And being thus impressed I move along with -a light heart and nothing to fear. To be frank, I put my trust in the -Almighty ruler above, and believe whatever _my fate shall be_, will be -in accordance with His will. I know that my course is very inconsistent -with our discipline,[1] but I believe that at present I owe a higher -duty to my country. I hope that it may be restored to us, more peaceful -and prosperous than ever; and if it is my fortune to get back safely -home, I can congratulate myself upon having done my duty." - -From Philadelphia, after enlisting, Charles Smedley was sent to -Washington, and from thence to Front Royal, a small town west of the -Blue Ridge, where the 90th Regiment was then encamped. He joined -it just previous to the advance of our forces sent to intercept -"Stonewall" Jackson, in his progress down the Shenandoah Valley. He -continued with the regiment, and was with it up to the time of the -second battle of Bull Run. For more than a week previous to this -engagement, he had made application to be sent to the hospital, being -weak and exhausted from disease. On the morning of the battle,[2] he -declared he would not send in his application to be sent to the rear, -because the impression might exist that he was trying to evade his duty -in time of danger. By almost superhuman exertion he managed to go into -the fight, but in the retreat of our forces, becoming fatigued and -prostrated, he was compelled to remain in the rear, and the consequence -was he fell into the hands of the enemy. - -In a few days he was paroled and forwarded to our lines, and then sent -by the Federal authorities to Annapolis, Maryland. He arrived home on -the 29th of October, 1862, and remained until the 18th of February, -1863, when he was regularly exchanged. - -Joining the regiment a second time, he continued with it over thirteen -months. While in the service he participated in the battles of Cedar -Mountain, second Bull Run, Rappahannock Station, Chancellorsville, -Thoroughfare Gap, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness. In all these battles -young Smedley performed his duty nobly. In the first day's fight at -Gettysburg he narrowly escaped with his life--a ball grazing him on -the neck and another on the hip. In the second and third day's fights -the 90th Regiment was engaged on the memorable Cemetery ridge. After -the defeat of the rebel hordes on the heights of Gettysburg, our -army followed the remainder of the enemy's forces to the banks of the -Rapidan. While encamped on this stream, the subject of our sketch -received the sad news of affliction among "the loved ones at home." His -mother, brother and sister being dangerously ill--the two former dying -soon afterwards. - -From a letter written to his sister on the reception of the sad -intelligence, we copy the following: "It is a great trial to me to have -to be separated from you when I think of the present state of things. -Perhaps all is for the best, and we should not complain. We are but -poor creatures and must submit to the Almighty Ruler who holds our fate -in the "hollow of his hand." In the language of the christian, "why -should we not put our trust in Him, and pray for Him to bring us out -of all our trials and afflictions?" Perhaps we have not been thankful -enough for all the blessings we enjoy. Give my love to all my old -friends. I often think of the many pleasant times we have had at home. -I hope I may again have the pleasure of meeting you all there, and not -say, as Byron, of home, - - - 'Fare thee well, and if forever, - Still, forever fare thee well.'" - - -At the battle of the Wilderness, on the 5th of May, 1864, Charles -Smedley was captured a second time, and, as we are informed in his -diary, was taken by the Confederates to Gordonsville, thence to -Danville, from Danville to the prisoners' pen at Andersonville, -Georgia, and lastly to Florence, South Carolina. At Andersonville he -remained nearly four months in a stockade filled with thousands of -Northern patriots. Here he suffered untold hardships, being exposed -to the scorching rays of the sun, the cold atmosphere of the night, -and to frequent storms of rain. The premeditated, gradual starvation -process of his vile captors, together with the constant exposure to all -kinds of weather, did its work effectually. His health at last became -impaired and his physical constitution forever shattered. On the -thirteenth of September, along with many others, he reached the town of -Florence, where he was placed in another pen, in every respect similar -to the one he had left at Andersonville. Here his sufferings increased. -Being much reduced, and possessing hardly sufficient strength to assist -himself, he was at last admitted into what was termed a hospital. -In this hospital he lingered along for a few weeks, when his system -gradually succumbed from the effects of hunger and exposure. - -During the night of the sixteenth of November, 1864, the spirit of -Charles Smedley left its mortal tenement for other realms. His body was -prepared for burial by a few of his fellow soldiers, and was interred -in the burying ground a short distance north-northwest of the stockade, -in Florence, South Carolina. - -In the person of Charles Smedley there were nicely blended many of the -noblest traits of human character. As a religious and moral young man -he had few equals. From his early youth he had a strong aversion to -all those evil habits which have so often been the stepping stones to -vice in its most hideous forms. Profanity and the use of that filthy -narcotic weed, proved harmless as tempters to him. Still less powerful -was that subtle enemy of mankind, which "quickeneth and giveth color to -the cup, and stingeth like an adder."[3] - -In all his transactions his rule was to do that only which his -conscience told him was right. His goodness of heart, his amiable -disposition, gained him many friends, and wherever known, whether at -home in his native township, or in the army of his country, none knew -him other than the noble young man and soldier. - -To-day the remains of Charles Smedley, along with those of thousands of -other patriotic martyrs, lie in the trenches near Florence. No marble -pile or grass covered mound will, in all probability, ever mark his -last resting place, but his name will be ever cherished and held in -remembrance by his friends, as one who was willing to offer up his life -that his country might live. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] Reference is here made to the Friends' discipline--he being a -member by birthright. - -[2] I think it was the 29th of August, 1862, the second battle of Bull -Run occurred, and he was made prisoner. - -[3] In a letter to his father, dated 8th mo. 16th, 1863, written while -the army was at Rappahannock Station, we find the following extract: -"When I enlisted, I made a resolution that I, as long as I was in the -service, would neither use profane language, smoke or chew tobacco, or -drink intoxicating liquors. This resolution I have strictly adhered to, -and I believe I am a happier man for it." - - - - -DIARY. - - -_1st day, 5th mo. 1st, 1864._ Camp near Mitchell's Station, Va. Had -regimental inspection this morning at ten o'clock by Capt. W. Davis. -The parade was formed, then moved to the rear into columns, and as we -were critically inspected yesterday, we were dismissed. I was busy the -rest of the day helping Johnson to fix up the clothing books, and as -the pay rolls were not right, we had to go to work and make out three -more, leaving out ten deserters, which were taken up wrong on them at -first. J. C. Kimball wrote one while Johnson and I wrote the others. -Received my Baltimore American. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 2d._ Done nothing of any account all day. Was nice -weather. - -_3d day, 5th mo. 3d._ This was a nice warm day. Each company was out at -target practice one or two hours this afternoon. Each of us shot five -rounds. Some talk of us moving. - -_4th day, 5th mo. 4th._ We were told at nine last evening to have -everything packed, as we would likely have to move. Drew six days' -rations of coffee, sugar and crackers and two days' rations of pork. -We were called up at twelve o'clock last night, packed up, and by -three o'clock were on the march. Marched towards Piney Mountain, where -we arrived about sunrise, and made a short halt. We were in the rear -of the first brigade. Marched past Stephensburg, thence crossed the -Rapidan at twelve o'clock on a pontoon bridge. There were two bridges -of canvas-covered boats at Germania ford. After stopping a short time, -took up the march and followed the plank road, and after going five -or eight miles, halted and bivouacked for the night on a high hill -near the right of the road. The day was very warm after the sun rose. -We were forced as fast as it was possible for us to go--stragglers -fell out by hundreds--no brigade or regiment seemed to be together -in the after part of the day. I had to fall out, and threw away my -mess kettle, some of my clothes, pork, and several other things, and -then could no more than keep up. Halted with the little part of the -regiment, took a good bath, and made supper of bread, pork and coffee. -We seemed to be in the rear and with the General's headquarters. Went -to bed on the ground about 8 P. M. - -_5th day, 5th mo. 5th._ Five o'clock A. M. Slept well last night. Were -called up at three this morning, got our breakfasts and made ready to -move. Are now awaiting orders. The birds are playing around us and -the day promises to be a pleasant one. Seven A. M. Have moved out -and halted to the right of the road--are six miles from Mine Run and -fifteen from Fredericksburg. Gen'l Warren's headquarters are near us. -We appear to be pretty well in the rear. Col. ---- commands the first -brigade. Have not heard of any rebels yet in front. Gen'l Burnside -is said to be in the rear guarding fifteen hundred wagons. The sun -is coming out hot--the weather clear and sultry. Twelve M. Have been -laying down since six o'clock. The Sixth Corps has passed down the -plank road to take position on our left. Heard some heavy musketry -firing towards our left. It is said to be all cavalry fighting. From -what I know we are in the reserve. Gen'l Robinson's headquarters are -within a hundred yards of us. There is also a signal station near the -headquarters. This is near the Wilderness tavern. There is a house on -the hill near here where "Stonewall" Jackson was taken after he was -wounded at Chancellorsville. The sun is burning hot. - -_6th day, 5th mo. 6th._ Nine o'clock A. M. At one o'clock yesterday -we advanced as a forward guard centre, we being the third regiment in -line from the position we occupied at 12 M. Kept on through woods for -a half mile, then the other regiment halted and deployed, and helped -us on the second line, with our right resting on the turnpike. The -front line was busily engaged as we advanced--the bullets flew thick -and fast around us, mostly high. About two o'clock we advanced the -second time, about two hundred yards, and lay down under a heavy fire -where we remained until six o'clock. All the time we lay under a fire -from the rebels, who were less than a quarter of a mile off. They had -a battery on the left of the pike which occasionally threw shells and -solid shot in good range over us, cutting off the limbs of the trees; -only a few were low enough to come near us. One solid shot lit in the -centre of our company, and plowed the ground up under Audenreid's feet, -bursting his canteen and throwing the dirt over the men around him, -without doing any more damage. At six o'clock P. M., an officer, I do -not know who, came up and gave us the order to "advance with the 39th -Massachusetts." After the order was repeated twice, we started, going -over dead and wounded who had been slaughtered by hundreds, and lay -thick on the ground we went over. The rebels did not fire a shot until -after we got out into the open plain, and then they opened with grape -and canister and volleys of musketry. After going to the bottom of the -hill and up halfway towards the enemy's battery, the Colonel gave the -order to "about face." I had stopped to cap my piece, and before I got -it done the regiment was going back on a double-quick. I followed in -the rear, and coming to a ditch, fell into it, and on looking up saw -our fellows going up the hill towards our line. The bullets flew so -thick that I thought it next thing to getting shot to get out of the -ditch, and after a few moments concluded I had better stay where I -was until after dark, and then get up the hill into our lines. I soon -noticed that the ditch was full of men. After hallooing to those above -and below me, I found that Griffith, Edwards and Fry of our company, -and one of company B's men were near us. We all thought we had better -stay where we were until after dark. I went to Edwards and there found -a man who told us to lay still and he would take us off after a while. -Edwards asked him who he was. He said he was a Confederate officer. -On looking up the ditch, which was deep above us, I saw some of the -enemy's sharp shooters and skirmishers, and it was plain to be seen -that we were in their power. The officer ordered us to disarm ourselves -and it would be all right. We were taken about half-past seven o'clock -into the Confederate lines, to the pike, then to the rear for about -half a mile and kept under guard. As we were going off I found Sergeant -M., of company --; picked him up and took him with us. He had been -knocked down but was not hurt. Sergeant Riley I also picked up. I told -him how we were situated. Griffith gave him a canteen of water, and -then we were ordered to come on. He was trying to play it, I thought. I -am certain half our regiment was lost. Griffith and I went to work and -made some coffee in a pot that I picked up in the morning. About nine -P. M., twelve of our company and some more of the 90th were brought in. -Everything, while I was awake, was quiet. Griffith and I made a bed -and slept together. I did not get to sleep until after twelve o'clock. -At day-break this morning I was awakened by artillery firing. I got -up and went to the creek, got a pot of water and made some coffee, -and then awakened Griffith and we took our breakfast. At six A. M. -we were ordered to fall in; we got our things, and were marched to -Robertson's Tavern, where we are at present. From seven to half-past -eight there was some very sharp musketry up the pike. The guards are -busy trading with the boys; there are about fifty of us here. Ten A. M. -All seems to be quiet in front. Night--Lay under guard all day; heard -no fighting of any account to-day. Things appear to be quiet in front. -The ambulances brought in a great many wounded men all day. - -_7th day, 5th mo. 7th._ Were marched, some two hundred and seventy -of us, to Orange Court House, then put aboard the cars and taken to -Gordonsville. - -_1st day, 5th mo. 8th._ Kept here all day. Where we were last night we -drew one day's rations of corn meal, beef and salt. I was commissary -for a squad of twenty-five men. Sent a letter home. The sun was burning -hot. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 9th._ We were put into a house forty by fifty feet -square last night and came near smothering. We were taken out this -morning. Made mush for breakfast. Had to stay out in the sun all day. -Part of us were sent to Lynchburg yesterday--some more came last night. -Griffith and I laid down after supper to rest for the night. Drew one -ration of corn meal and herring--three of the latter to each man. - -_3d day, 5th mo., 10th._ Soon after we got to bed last night we were -ordered to pack up. Left Gordonsville in a train of cars at eleven -o'clock at night, and after a hard night's travel got to this place -(Lynchburg) about ten this morning. Were put in a deep ravine with -a stream of water running through it. A heavy guard of citizens, -consisting of old men, "played out" soldiers, and boys were around us. -Two pieces of artillery are planted in range of us. I was with the -first one hundred of our squad that came in to-day. We were put in -charge of a Sergeant-Major, who drew rations for us. There was about -one thousand came here yesterday. I got seven "hard tack" and some -bacon for one day's rations. There are about 2500 of us here. To-day -was burning hot. - -_4th day, 5th mo. 11th._ Had a good sleep last night. This was a very -warm day. There were seventy-five loaves of soft rye bread, half a peck -of rice, and a little salt issued to a squad to-day. There were one -thousand men sent away to-day. - -_5th day, 5th mo. 12th._ It commenced to rain about nine o'clock last -night. Griffith and I had a rough night of it--had to sit up a good -part of the time, till the after-part of the night, when we laid down -under the woollen blanket. About daylight it commenced to rain rapidly. -The water ran on us and caused us to get up and sit with the gum -blanket over our shoulders. It rained pretty much all day; we had to -sit most of the time with the gum blanket over us. With hard work we -made some coffee for breakfast and some mush for supper. Carried some -flat stones to lay on to-night. Drew seventy-five loaves of bread for -the balance of yesterday's rations; also for to-day, six "hard tack," -pork and rice, to a man, for two days' rations. - -_6th day, 5th mo. 13th._ Had a rough night of it. Slept under our -woollen blankets until daylight. It rained a great deal all night--got -considerably wet. Showery all day. About ten o'clock A. M. we were -moved out of the ravine to the cars and got aboard at twelve, and were -off for Danville. We were stowed as closely as possible in burden cars. -Passed through Fairville before dark. There are rebel hospitals at this -place. - -_7th day, 5th mo. 14th._ Traveling all night and until ten o'clock this -forenoon, when we arrived at Danville. Here we were put into large -houses. The house I am in is one hundred by forty-seven feet, three -stories high. The two upper stories are only occupied by us, some five -hundred in number. Here we were divided into messes of twenty each, and -drawing two square inches of boiled bacon and a loaf of corn bread for -two men. - -_1st day, 5th mo. 15th._ Had roll-call at nine A. M. and were counted. -Drew corn bread at ten o'clock and rice soup at four P. M., and soon -after boiled bacon. Got a pint of soup to a man. Can do nothing but lay -down, or walk, or stand, after going to wash. There are five hundred in -this building. We hear no news. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 16th._ Spent the day as yesterday. Drew some of our -hard bread, Confederate bacon and rice soup. There was a fellow selling -toilet soap at the rate of one dollar and fifty cents Confederate -scrip, or two cakes for a one dollar greenback. - -_3d day, 5th mo. 17th._ Lay about all day. In the morning darned the -toe of one of my stockings and mended my pantaloons. Sent a letter -home to father. We are to be sent to Georgia to-morrow. Drew a day's -rations for to-day of corn bread, boiled bacon and black bean soup at -three o'clock. At six drew a ration of corn bread and boiled bacon for -to-morrow. - -_4th day, 5th mo. 14th._ Got up at daybreak, left the prison at six, -got on the cars at half-past eight and started at nine. At twelve came -as far as the railroad was finished, (the Danville and Greensboro' -road) then had to march six miles to where it commenced again, and then -lay for an hour for three trains to come. After they arrived it took -until long after dark to load them. I was among the last to get aboard. - -_5th day, 5th mo. 19th._ Had a bad time of it last night--could not -sit or stand with comfort. The rain came through the car so bad that -I had to get out my "gum." We had only thirteen miles to go, and it -was near daylight before we got to Greensborough, which was about six -in the morning. Here we stopped about two hours, then went on, bound -for Charlotte, North Carolina, where we arrived at half-past six. The -train went very slow all night, but after we left Greensborough, very -fast. The country along the road was very, very poor. The only places -of much note were High Point Station, Thomasville and Lexington. -Greensborough is a manufacturing town, but like in all other towns and -villages, business was at a stand still. Thomasville was the prettiest -place. There is a seminary there. Some ladies came out to the train and -threw two ginger cakes at us, also some bouquets. Crossed the Yadkin -River. After we got to Charlotte, were taken off the cars and marched -to the railroad crossing. Drew rations of crackers and pork; I got six -crackers and a chunk of pork for two days. A thunder-gust came up which -continued until ten o'clock. Griffith and I made out to kindle a little -fire and make a pot of coffee. I was taken with a chill and fever of a -bilious nature--can eat no supper. By eleven o'clock it cleared up and -the moon shone out. Made our bed on the ground and were soon asleep. - -_6th day, 5th mo. 20th._ Slept well last night, and got up at 6 o'clock -A. M.; felt very bad and very bilious; got some hot water to make -coffee, but could not find the coffee. The sun came out bright and hot -this morning. At twelve M. were put aboard the cars. The cars moved -past the town, backed, and moved forward and back, &c., until about six -o'clock, when we were backed to the southeast end of the town. Each -car load was taken off in separate squads of nineteen or twenty--drew -rations for one day, three hard tack and a chunk of pork. I was sick -all day with the chills and fever--no appetite; ate some _souse_, well -peppered, but had to force it down. The day was very hot. - -_7th day, 5th mo. 21st._ Slept well last night on the ground. The -moon was full and the sky clear. We were ordered to pack up about six -o'clock, and get on the same cars we got off. Griffith and I were -so lucky as to get our old places in the stock cars; rode all day, -and arrived at Columbia, South Carolina at sunset. After stopping -there over an hour, we changed cars. We got larger cars but less of -them. They crowded seventy-five men inside and on top, which nearly -smothered us. The guard had orders not to let a man out, and to shoot -the first person that attempted it. Our car is a close burden car, -which was closed all around except one door. I was so lucky as to get -near the door and have plenty of fresh air. By doubling up, made out -to lie down, with my head next the door. This was a warm day, but we, -being in such a good car, rode comfortably. The country for two days' -journey was poorer than any yet passed. Did not see much of Columbia. -I felt very well all day; my disease is better. Took two doses of -"composition" in cold water. - -_1st day, 5th mo. 22d._ I made out with difficulty to lay on my back -all night. The guard, "the first half," sat on my head, and then laid -down with his head on my breast for a pillow--could not sleep. My feet -and legs were doubled up, and I was laying on them part of the time, -while others piled theirs on top of mine. This morning got a good seat -by the door; rode there until we stopped at Augusta. Changed cars at -this place at 12 o'clock M. Did not pass any place of importance after -Charlotte. Stopped at dusk and had a loaf of bread and a chunk of pork -issued to us. I had been rather bad with the diarrhoea--was very -weak and dizzy, with no appetite; but after drawing rations, felt like -eating, and ate a bit of bread and pork; the bread is rye. When we -changed cars I got a seat in the middle of the door. My door was shut -at dark, so I had to set with my back against it. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 23d._ Did not sleep much in the night, had to sit -all the time. There were sixty-five men inside the box and some on -top. At daylight the door was opened. I then rode with my legs out. -Get to Marion about the middle of the day. Three trains were made of -two, and we went at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour. Arrived -at Andersonville, Georgia, at five o'clock P. M., when we were taken -off the cars, counted off into squads with a sergeant, who took our -names on a piece of paper which a rebel officer gave him. Then we were -ordered into a large stockade and halted in the northeast corner of -it. There we had the ground for our quarters. We concluded that it was -hard to move about. Made our bed on the ground. Weather clear and hot. -Yesterday passed Wanesville. To-day passed Fort Valley after leaving -Marion. - -_3d day, 5th mo. 24th._ Slept very well on the ground last night; arose -at daylight, went to the run and took a good wash. Had roll-call and -were counted by a rebel sergeant, whose name is warmer. There were -ninety men in our mess. Drew rations at 5 o'clock P. M. Half a loaf -of corn bread and half a square inch of bacon to each man. The bacon -is excellent. There were three or four hundred more men put in here -to-day. The place was too much crowded before. They brought them in -on the main street and told them to go and find places wherever they -_could_. Griffith and I having but fifteen cents in money, and that -being mine, we are bad off. Bought two split pieces of pine, six feet -long and two and a half inches square, to put up a shelter. These I -purchased for my fifteen cents. These not being enough, I traded my -looking glass for two more. Put up my woollen blanket over our ridge -pole and now have a good place to stay in. This place contains about -fifteen or twenty acres of ground, enclosed with a stockade twenty feet -high, with a sentry stand every one hundred and fifty feet. There is a -stream of water running through it with a hill extending up from each -side of it. For thirty or more yards from the run the ground is swampy -and has a bad smell coming from it. - -_4th day, 5th mo. 25th._ Spent this day about the same as yesterday, -laying in our tent, &c., &c. Drew the same kind of rations. More -prisoners were put in to-day. - -_5th day, 5th mo. 26th._ This was a very hot day. There are men here -just like skeletons, they are so far gone with the chronic diarrhoea. -The boys caught some of the raiders and punished them by shaving their -heads. There are plenty of "sweat" boards in operation, and other kinds -of gaming. Drew a loaf of corn bread, two-thirds of a pint of mush, -and four square inches of bacon for two of us. The cornmeal is of -the _roughest_ description, not being _sifted_. Went to the run this -morning and washed a pair of drawers and a shirt, and then took a bath -myself. - -_6th day, 5th mo. 27th._ Spent this day like yesterday, doing nothing. -Drew a loaf of corn bread, three bits of meat, and nearly a pint -of boiled rice. The pork to-day was all boiled jowls. The sun was -scorching hot. Sent a few lines home to father. - -_7th day, 5th mo. 28th._ Was a very warm day. One hundred and eighty -more prisoners were put in here to-day from Sherman's army, making -in all sixteen thousand six hundred and fifty (16,650). There are -sixty-one detachments of two hundred and seventy each, not including -what came to-day. Drew the usual quantity of corn bread, bacon and mush -to a man. - -_1st day, 5th mo. 29th._ Was extremely warm. Lay in the house[4] most -of the time. There were about fifteen hundred more men put in here -to-day. Did not draw rations until sundown, when we got pork and corn -bread. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 30th._ This day is very oppressive. More prisoners -came in to-day. - -_3d day, 5th mo. 31st._ Weather as hot as ever. Was at the stockade -where the rebels throw over their produce. Greenbacks are worth twice -as much as "scrip." Peas, beans, tobacco, onions, turnips, eggs, cakes, -groundnuts, &c., &c., are passed over in large quantities and sold at -enormous prices. My disease seems worse and I am getting weak. - -_4th day, 6th mo. 1st._ Was cloudy until the middle of the day, then -had a heavy thunder-storm, and a little rain now and then until -evening. I lay in the house most of the day--was very weak. We made -some burnt corn bread crust coffee this morning. There were about -four hundred more prisoners put in here to-day; none of them from the -Potomac Army. - -_5th day, 6th mo. 2d._ This was the same kind of a day as yesterday, -with more rain. Borrowed the "Banner of Light" from Dr. Buckley this -afternoon. - -_6th day, 6th mo. 3d._ Was cloudy until towards sundown, when there -came up a heavy wind, followed by rain. The day was very warm. More -prisoners put in to-day, mostly sick and wounded, captured when we -were. The place is getting crowded full. Diarrhoea no better. - -_7th day, 6th mo. 4th._ Had a good deal of rain. I lay in the house. -Two hundred more men came in to-day. There were a great many rumors -about us being paroled or exchanged on the sixth. We split up the last -of our wood with a musket screw-driver, and traded some corn bread for -another stick. - -_1st day, 6th mo. 5th._ Had a great deal of rain. Drew one and a half -pints of corn meal and a half teaspoonful of salt instead of bread. - -_2d day, 6th mo. 6th._ I am very weak. Same rations as yesterday. -Cloudy all day with some rain. Made souse of the last of our crackers. -More prisoners put in to-day--the place is over crowded. - -_3d day, 6th mo. 7th._ Had considerable rain. Made a pot of mush which -we ate with our meat to-day. About five hundred more prisoners were put -in to-day. - -_4th day, 6th mo. 8th._ Rain to-day, same as yesterday. A few more -prisoners put in here. I undertook to make a pot of mush this morning; -got it about done, when the jaw bone of a hog, which I had the pot -resting on, gave way, and upset the half of it. We made a small -breakfast on the remainder. This evening we mixed up some meal and -baked some cakes on my plate. Our wood is nearly out. We get corn meal -and pork, but are not allowed to go out for wood, and as yet have had -none sent to us. My complaint gets no worse, but still sticks to me. -Can get no news that can be relied upon. - -_5th day, 6th mo. 9th._ Drew corn bread and had a heavy shower. - -_6th day, 6th mo. 10th._ Was rather warm. Drew bread, meat and wood. -Made coffee for breakfast and supper. Commenced making a bone ring. - -_7th day, 6th mo. 11th._ Was warm, with a thunder-gust in the evening. -We got to work and finished the bone ring. - -_1st day, 6th mo. 12th._ Cloudy, rain in the afternoon. I am as unwell -as ever. Received corn bread and pork. There are many rumors of us -being paroled and sent to Savannah. The news is that the officers at -Macon are being sent away. - -_2d day, 6th mo. 13th._ Was very damp and cold, with showers of rain; -last night it was also raining. Griffith got sick yesterday and was -very ill all last night and to-day. Had roll-call. All the sick and -wounded were taken out for medical treatment. All the rumors about -the parole proved untrue. Have suffered very much with the chronic -diarrhoea, which gets no better. - -_3d day, 6th mo. 14th._ This was a cold, drizzly day. - -_4th day, 6th mo. 15th._ Took down our blanket and had it for a cover. -It rained all night, and until towards the middle of the day, when it -became much warmer. There were over twelve hundred more prisoners put -in to-day from the Army of the Potomac. Sold a loaf of bread and meat -for twenty-five cents, and bought an onion and made some soup with it. -Had corn meal and pork for supper. Griffith is a little better. An old -shoemaker, who had taken the oath of allegiance to the Confederate -States, came in to-day to try to raise one thousand shoemakers, to go -out and do as he has, and work for the rebel government. Some of the -boys caught him, shaved his head and marched him around camp. - -_5th day, 6th mo. 16th._ There is as much rain as usual. Am getting -along in the same old style. Sold a loaf of bread for fifteen cents and -bought an onion. Drew boiled rice and meat. The rice is so dirty and -gritty that it is not fit to eat. About one thousand more men were put -in to-day, mostly from the Army of the Potomac. - -_6th day, 6th mo. 17th._ Rained all day--lay in the house most of the -time. I made some thick corn meal soup for supper. One thousand more -prisoners put in to-day. - -_7th day, 6th mo. 18th._ It rained all night and was showery most of -the day. My disease is some better--am very weak and losing flesh. -The number of petty hucksters seems to increase in the main street. -Cucumbers are from 37 to 50 cents; onions from 25 cents to $1.00; -turnips from 12 to 20 cents; rutabagas, same price as turnips; squashes -25 to 50 cents; peanuts from 20 to 25 cents per half pint; beans 20 to -50 cents per half pint; flour at the rate of $1 per pound; four ginger -cakes 75 cents to $1; rice 30 to 40 cents per pint; salt 75 cents per -quart; soda 25 cents per spoonful; rations of meal for 20 and 25 cents; -molasses, of the poorest quality, for $2.75 per quart; tobacco, 50 -cents for a small plug. These are offered for sale on the main street -at the above prices. A good many have got to making corn beer, at 10 to -25 cents per drink of half a pint. There are rumors that General Winder -is here, and that three detachments and all the sick are to be sent -away to-morrow. - -_1st day, 6th mo. 19th._ Was up early this morning and went to the -spring and got some good water, and washed myself. Took a walk up and -down the street,[5] and then lay down and took a good sleep. It was -cloudy most of the time. The sun came out hot occasionally. Had a heavy -shower in the evening. Five hundred more men were put in the stockade -to-day. Three men were shot and wounded by one of the guards. A man was -on the _dead line_; the guard shot at this one, and missing him, shot -the others. - -_2d day, 6th mo. 20th._ Had the usual quantity of rain; was up early -and got some spring water. - -_3d day, 6th mo. 21st._ Was very warm and cloudy. I made some coffee -and fried some meat on my plate for breakfast--had some gravy also. We -did not eat more than half the extra bread we drew last night, and had -half a loaf left, which I traded for some wood. A few more prisoners -were put in to-day. The place is so crowded that it is impossible to -travel without difficulty. - -_4th day, 6th mo. 22d._ Was rather cloudy and warm. Drew mush and meat; -the mush, like it always has been, was only half cooked; we did not get -it until dark, and then went to work and baked it on my plate. To-day -one hundred men had to fill up a tunnel which they had dug. It was -eight to fifteen feet deep and commenced twenty yards inside, and run -more than the same distance on the outside, and was ready for them to -go out. Some of the crowd had informed on them. - -_5th day, 6th mo. 23d._ Flying clouds and very hot. There seems to be -a good breeze going, but it cannot get to us here. Over seven hundred -more prisoners were crowded in to-day. Drew corn bread and bacon, and -would have drawn fresh beef, but some objected to it on account of not -having wood. - -_6th day, 6th mo. 24th._ The weather was similar to yesterday, only -hotter. Done nothing of any account. - -_7th day, 6th mo. 25th._ Very warm. Drew mush and meat at dark and -fried the mush into cakes. - -_1st day, 6th mo. 26th._ The weather like yesterday. Drew the same kind -of rations, and fried the mush, because it is never more than half done. - -_2d day, 6th mo. 27th._ The weather seems to be getting warmer. My -diarrhoea gets no better--am so weak that I can hardly walk about. -There has been enough prisoners put in the last few days to make nearly -twenty-five thousand. (25,000). - -_3d day, 6th mo. 28th._ Had a fine shower this afternoon and night. I -am very low and weak with the diarrhoea. - -_4th day, 6th mo. 29th._ Was very warm, had a thunder storm in the -evening. Am weaker than ever and can hardly get along. Did not get any -rations, because some of the men took the "raiders"[6] in hand, and -after knocking down, and I guess killed some, arrested sixty and gave -them over to the old captain. It is said he shot one. Last night they -killed a man, and an Indian killed one of them. I took two bacon rinds, -and after roasting them by the fire, ate them. - -_5th day, 6th mo. 29th._ Was very warm; lay in the tent most of the -time; so weak with the chronic diarrhoea that it was as much as I -could do to take care of myself. - -_6th day, 17th mo. 1st._ Was as hot as ever. I suffered as much as -yesterday; am weaker, and still very ill; my head is so dizzy; could -hardly walk. The new stockade was opened this forenoon, and all above -the forty-ninth detachment were moved in and crowded as close together -as we were before. All of us could not put up our shelters in the place -allotted to us. Griffith and I made our bed in the street, which is -only six feet wide. The new place is on good high ground with plenty of -wood. The rumor is that we are to draw raw rations; drew fresh beef and -corn meal, of which I ate heartily. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 2d._ There was a good breeze all day. After I got up, -went to the creek and took a wash, got a canteen and coffee pot full of -water, and then a little wood. Made the same kind of breakfast as we -did supper last night. About eight o'clock moved down with Clark and -Strong, and then crowded nearer the old stockade and towards the lower -end of the detachment, and put up our blanket at the end of Strong's -tent. All the wood is gathered up by the men, which leaves us with -scarcely any. There have been prisoners put in here from all parts this -week. Twenty-five thousand is a low estimate. I feel stouter to-day -than I have for two weeks; my complaint hardly troubles me. Drew salt -for yesterday and meal, beef and salt for to-day. The rumor now is -that we will be paroled or exchanged soon, to commence on the seventh, -&c., &c. Captain Moore, of the 72d Ohio, was in here to-day and gave -this piece of news to us. He has been a prisoner at Macon, was lately -exchanged, and came here to see some of the boys of his regiment. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 3d._ Griffith and I went to the creek to wash this -morning at five o'clock. The creek was dirty and full of black mud, so -much so that I would not go in. I took the coffee pot and washed out of -it. Got some water and prepared breakfast of beef soup, thickened with -corn meal. Had roll-call this forenoon, the first time for three weeks; -it was difficult to get the men together, and was eleven o'clock before -they got through. Drew no rations to-day, why I know not. - -_2d day, 7th mo. 4th._ Was very hot until three o'clock P. M., when -we had a heavy thunder storm. Our house let the rain in almost like a -riddle. The numbers of the detachments were changed to-day; all that -were not full were filled up to two hundred and seventy; our detachment -is now number thirty-two, and my mess is the second mess. We got no -rations until this evening, when we received meal, boiled and raw beef, -and pork. Bread and salt were issued; we got raw beef and miserable -bread, with a pinch of salt. We made a pot of mush for our breakfast, -coffee and stewed meat for supper; we eat only twice a day. My disease -has left me and I am stouter. Was down to the creek this morning at -four o'clock and took a good wash. - -_3d day, 7th mo. 5th._ To-day was very hot, with a good breeze and -flying clouds. Got up this morning at four o'clock, and went to the run -and washed my grey shirt and a pair of drawers, without soap. We made -a pot of soup with corn meal dumplings. Had roll-call at ten o'clock. -Drew meal, fresh beef and a pinch of salt. Made flap-jacks for supper, -and fried some of our beef on my plate. Traded some corn meal for a -piece of pork to grease the plate with. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 6th._ Hot as ever. Over two hundred more men put in -to-day. According to rumor, to-morrow is the day to commence paroling. -A new rumor says seven thousand are to be taken out to-morrow. Got -breakfast of soup off our beef, with corn meal dumplings, and supper of -flap-jacks and fried pork. Drew mush, bacon and salt. _I am very well -indeed._ - -_5th day, 7th mo. 7th._ Spent the day as yesterday. No signs of -paroling. Very hot to-day. Fred. Smith, who was taken prisoner at Mine -Run, came to see me to-day. Drew rotten bacon, corn meal and salt. - -_6th day, 7th mo. 8th._ The heat in the afternoon was almost scorching. -I borrowed a book of Hatfield, which I read half through. This is the -first reading I have done since we have been here. There were one -hundred more men put in to-day, all of whom were captured at the James -and Morris Island. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 9th._ This day was hotter than any day we have had. -At four o'clock P. M. had a heavy thunder-shower which lasted until -sunset. Spent the day in reading, sleeping, and walking about camp. Two -hundred and fifty more prisoners put in to-day. They were mostly from -the Potomac Army. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 10th._ Drew rations as usual, consisting of meal, -pork and salt. Cooked flapjacks and made gravy for supper. Our wood -is almost out and I know not where the rest will come from; there -is plenty in the place, but it is claimed by others. There were six -hundred more prisoners put in to-day from Grant's army. - -_2d day, 7th mo. 11th._ Hot, with a little shower in the afternoon. -Drew meal, salt and bacon. I had a hard time cooking cakes for -breakfast and mush for supper; the wood and roots were too wet. Six of -the "raiders" were hung, inside the stockade, by our own men, at five -o'clock this evening. The rope of Moseby broke when the drop fell, and -let him to the ground; they made him mount the scaffold and try it the -second time. One broke loose before he mounted the scaffold and ran -through the crowd, but was arrested. I was down helping to draw rations -and saw the execution. A large number of prisoners put in to-day. - -_3d day, 7th mo. 12th._ Was busy most of the day getting wood out of -the run, but could not get much. We are out of wood. I made a small -furnace to put my plate on. Was running about a good deal--am as well -as I could wish to be. There were two hundred more men put in to-day. -I was determined to get an axe to cut some wood, but did not quite get -it. I got on the right side of a rebel sergeant, who is a mason, but -he could do no more than ask for me of the one who had charge of the -shovels and axes. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 13th._ Very warm. Could get no axe to-day, but got -the promise of one in the morning. Our furnace works first rate. We -gathered some roots out of the run, and both of us went down to-night -and worked and fished for roots until after ten o'clock. Have got the -floor of our tent raised so that the water will not flood us. - -_5th day, 7th mo. 14th._ Very hot day. I was up early this morning and -down at the run and spring. Got a pot of mush made before roll-call. -Got the axe for an hour; we cut enough good pitch pine off a large -stump to last us nearly three weeks. Could do little else but lay in -the tent after cutting the wood, I was so tired. The diarrhoea shows -signs of coming on me again. General Winder had the three sergeants -of each detachment taken out, and he told them that he knew of an -organized gang of six thousand who were going to get out, &c., and that -the men must not get in crowds within one hundred yards of the gate, or -he would fire on them with shot and shell; that they had tried to get -us exchanged, but could not, and were compelled to keep us; and that -they had plenty to keep us with. I noticed plenty of good-looking pies -in market for one dollar and fifty cents, watermelons for two and three -dollars, and apples for twenty-five and thirty-five cents each. - -_6th day, 7th mo. 15th._ Suffered very much with the diarrhoea, which -has come back on me as bad as ever. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 16th._ The weather continues to grow hotter. I am -some better to-day; made gruel by soaking corn meal and boiling the -water of it. Yesterday drew a ration of wood which was only half enough -to cook a meal. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 17th._ The hottest day we have had. I lay in the -tent, very weak from the diarrhoea, which is getting better. Made some -corn meal gruel for my breakfast. Drew meat, salt and molasses, six -spoonsful of the latter as a ration. Had flapjacks for supper. - -_2d day, 7th mo. 18th._ Cloudy and cool all day, with rain in the -afternoon. The diarrhoea has left me, but I am very weak yet. Had a pot -of mush for breakfast. Drew nothing but corn meal to-day; they issued -bacon to some of the detachments, but it did not get to us. Some of the -men are trying to get up a petition to be sent to the United States, -asking its influence towards getting us released. - -_3d day, 7th mo. 19th._ Cloudy and pleasant; last night was very cold. -Am getting over the diarrhoea again. Drew yesterday's pork at nine this -forenoon; then got a breakfast of flapjacks, fried pork and gravy. -There was a meeting held to-day in reference to the petition to our -Government for our release. The committee appointed at yesterday's -meeting reported. General Winder gives his hearty co-operation to -the movement, and suggests that six instead of three be sent to our -Government with these petitions, which the meeting took steps to -appoint. Last evening I got a pint of beans for five postage stamps, -and this morning got a _dagger_ for five more. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 20th._ Was up soon after four this morning. Cooked G. -Hatfield a pot of gruel before roll-call; got our own breakfast after -roll-call. Washed a pair of drawers and stockings this morning. The -rebels threw up some earthworks as if they expected to be attacked. -They appear to be getting reinforcements here. The rumor is that the -railroad between here and Macon is cut, and that they are expecting a -raid by our cavalry, and that Atlanta is ours. - -_5th day, 7th mo. 21st._ Got breakfast after roll-call--had "corn -dodgers" and gravy. Drew meal and molasses; got wood for three days. -Traded a ration of pork for twenty-five cents worth of wood, and traded -a ration of pork for tobacco for Griffith. The rebels seem to be busy -fortifying outside. They put a few prisoners in every day. - -_6th day, 7th mo. 22d._ Very cloudy and hot. Lay in the house most all -the time. Have contracted a cold. More prisoners put in to-day. The -rebels are still busy at their earthworks. They find out a tunnel every -day and fill it up. Drew meat, salt and meal. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 23d._ I caught a bad cold last night, and suffered -considerably all day from it. To-day the weather was rather cold. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 24th._ Last night was the coldest we have had for -some time. My attack of bronchitis has extended far into the chest, and -is going to bring on that terrible "army scourge" again. The day was -very warm with a good breeze. Drew fresh beef and rice only. - -_2d day, 7th mo. 25th._ Suffered last night very much with the cold. -This night was the coldest yet. The diarrhoea has returned and is very -bad. The day was warm with a good breeze. Drew rice, raw bacon and no -salt. I sold a ration of pork and bought two spoonsful of salt. - -_3d day, 7th mo. 26th._ Was a pleasant day. Made corn meal gruel for -breakfast and supper. Borrowed Clark's infantry tactics and read and -slept all day. Drew meal, salt and bacon. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 27th._ Was rather pleasant all day. Spent the day as -yesterday and drew the same kind of rations. There are a great many -rumors about our going to be paroled about the fifth or sixth of next -month. There were over two hundred prisoners, mostly one hundred days' -men, from the Shenandoah valley, put in to-day. - -_5th day, 7th mo. 28th._ To-day is pretty warm. Eat nothing but gruel -and boiled rice. About two hundred prisoners put in to-day from -Sherman's army. Just as they were ready to enter, the rebels fired a -shot across the camp. - -_6th day, 7th mo. 29th._ To-day some of the detachments drew molasses; -I traded a ration of pork for molasses for supper. Had gruel for -breakfast, and boiled rice with the molasses for supper. To-day was -warm, with a heavy shower in the evening. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 30th._ Was warm. I sold two rations of my meat for -twenty-five cents worth of soap, and after roll-call, washed my red -shirt. Sold a piece of meat, which Griffith and I had a dispute about, -for five cents, and got him a chunk of tobacco. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 31st._ Eat my breakfast and lay in the tent most all -day. Am very weak from the diarrhoea which I cannot get rid of. J. -Matthews is a prisoner here and has come to see me. - -_2d day, 8th mo. 1st._ Lay in the tent most of the time. Took a pill -which "Gad" got for me to-night; he got one opium and two other pills. - -_3d day, 8th mo. 2d._ Took the rest of my medicine to-day, and -think I am better. They commenced taking the sick out and away this -morning--suppose they have gone to Macon. During fifteen minutes this -evening, we had the heaviest shower I ever saw; Griffith was at the -spring and got caught in it. Have been drawing rice, salt and bacon -this week. - -_4th day, 8th mo. 3d._ They have been busy taking the sick away. Drew -meal instead of rice to-day. Borrowed Roberts' Bible and read some. -Took an opium pill last night which made me sleep until roll-call this -morning. - -_5th day, 8th mo. 4th._ Was in the shade under the tent most of the -day reading the Bible and getting to sleep. Helped to wash Dr. Buckley -this evening; he has been very sick all day. Drew pork and rice. Had no -roll-call for the first time since we have been in the new stockade. -Some sick were sent out to-day--rumor says they are being sent into our -lines. To-day was a warm one. - -_6th day, 8th mo. 5th._ Spent most of the time in the house. Dr. -Buckley is some better; we were going to carry him out. The sick of -the first eleven detachments were taken out this afternoon. Drew fresh -beef, salt and rice. The diarrhoea has left me again; am pretty stout. -Ate only rice soup. Occupied in reading the Bible to-day. - -_7th day, 8th mo. 6th._ Was very hot; lay in the house, slept and read. -Drew fresh beef, salt and a pint of meal. - -_1st day, 8th mo. 7th._ Lay in the tent most of the day, slept and -read. Dr. Buckley still keeps poorly. - -_2d day, 8th mo. 8th._ Had a heavy shower this afternoon. Spent the -day as I do most of them. Read almost through Deuteronomy to-day. -Dr. Buckley is no better, but gets worse. Have been drawing fresh -beef, meal and salt. We make soup. Reports are favorable to our being -paroled, but as yet we know nothing certain about it. The Quartermaster -came in yesterday, and told it around among us, that a parole or -exchange was to take place soon, and they were going to commence in a -few days. - -_3d day, 8th mo. 9th._ Was cloudy until about four o'clock this -afternoon, when there came up one of the heaviest showers of rain we -have had since we came here; it flooded the run and washed some of the -stockade above and below, and moved it in several places. They fired -off two guns as a signal and out came a large guard. Drew no rations -to-day for our detachment; they ceased to issue after getting up to -the twentieth. Tried to sell my red shirt, but could not get more -than half I asked for it, so I kept it. They have got the frame of a -large barracks, large enough for a detachment, at the upper end of the -stockade. - -_4th day, 8th mo. 10th._ Rather warm. From 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. had a -very hard rain, which did not stop until midnight. We got wet, the tent -leaking very badly. Did not draw rations until this morning, when we -got beans and half a ration of bread. This evening drew half a ration -of bread, salt, and a _very small_ ration of beef. Had beef and bean -soup for supper; nothing to eat before of any account. I was detailed -to draw rations. I carried up a hind quarter of beef. Went and gave Dr. -Buckley a sponge bath and washed his shirt in the run. - -_5th day, 8th mo. 11th._ George Hatfield died last night or early -this morning. Dr. Buckley is getting better. The "Rebs" have got the -stockade almost repaired; they are busy putting up a stockade outside -of ours. They have some of our boys putting up barracks near our -detachment. Had a heavy rain this afternoon. Did not get our rations -until very late; got fresh beef and half a ration of bread, but no salt. - -_6th day, 8th mo. 12th._ Spent the day reading the Bible and sleeping; -it was warm and pleasant. Gave Buckley a sponge bath this afternoon; he -is improving rapidly. Have had roll-call the last two mornings. Drew -a little meal, a ration of beans, a small ration of beef and a half -ration of salt. They are cutting down the rations. The committee of six -which were to go into our lines with the petition, went last First day. - -_7th day, 8th mo. 13th._ Was cloudy most of the time and pleasant. -After roll-call, got five others to help to carry Dr. Buckley to the -gate to sick call. The person that Gad sent to attend to his man, ran -off, and we did not get him out. Dr. Buckley fainted twice in our -hands; carried him part of the way, and helped him the rest. I washed -him this evening--he is better. I am busy reading the Bible. There are -many rumors about the parole commencing on the 15th. Drew a ration -of beans and half a ration of bread and fresh beef. We ate only two -pots of bean soup. Sold a ration of beef for ten cents and bought two -spoonsful of salt. - -_1st day, 8th mo. 14th._ Was a very hot day. Buckley was much worse -during the day, but seemed to get better in the evening. I wrote a note -to Dr. White, on the outside, asking relief for Buckley, and took it -to the Doctor outside, at Doctor's call. Some one told me to put it in -the letter box, which I did, after consulting two Masons I had found; -one belongs to Ohio and the other is a sergeant in the ninety-eighth -detachment. I washed Buckley this evening. Drew beans, half a ration -of beef and bread, with a little salt. Ate bean soup for breakfast and -rice soup for supper. Have the diarrhoea. - -_2d day, 8th mo. 15th._ Spent the day as we did yesterday. - -_3d day, 8th mo. 16th._ Was very warm, like yesterday. No signs of a -parole yet--rumors are all false about it. Have given Buckley a washing -every day; he seems to grow better. - -_4th day, 8th mo. 17th._ The weather has been extremely warm. Have been -drawing half a ration of bread, fresh beef, salt and beans. I have quit -eating beans. - -_5th day, 8th mo. 18th._ Was out and got prescribed for. After -roll-call got six pills; am very weak; am busy reading the Bible. -Still give the Doctor a washing every day; he continues to improve. - -_6th day, 8th mo. 19th._ Suffered very much with the diarrhoea. Am -getting weaker. Went to the Doctor's and got my medicine continued. Did -not get any medicine to-day. Sold my ration of bread and Griffith's -for twenty cents, and two and a half rations and one of my own for -twenty-five cents, which made me twenty cents in cash. Had a heavy rain -this evening. - -_7th day, 8th mo. 20th._ Was very warm, with a heavy rain in the -evening. Was so weak that I only got out of the tent four times. -Buckley was worse. I was not able to bathe him to-day. - -_1st day, 8th mo. 21st._ Was in the tent most of the day. Went to the -run in the evening and took a bath; gave Dr. Buckley a washing. Had -some rain. The Doctor gave me his photograph. - -_2d day, 5th mo. 22d._ Very warm. Diarrhoea no better--am very -weak--lay in the tent most of the day. Buckley is worse, and has a -prospect of getting out to the hospital, through the influence of his -friend Rickers. - -_3d day, 8th mo. 23d._ Drew rice, molasses and a little pork yesterday, -and an old ration of beef, beans and bread, with a little salt to-day. -Carried Buckley out of the gate at seven o'clock this morning; got him -out among the first, but could not get him in the hospital on account -of too many being admitted yesterday. - -_4th day, 8th mo. 24th._ About as hot as ever. Went to the Doctor's -call and saw Rickers, but there was no chance for Buckley, except by -his own surgeon. Have got no medicine for three days. Drew fresh beef, -a mouthful of bacon, corn meal, beans and salt. Ate two rations of -beans to-day, which is going to make me worse. Some of the commissioned -officers, who have been passing off for privates, were taken out -to-day, it is said, to be exchanged. Rumors are favorable to a speedy -parole. - -_5th day, 8th mo. 25th._ Did not go to the Doctor's to-day. Diarrhoea -something better. Lay in the house most of the day. Bathed Buckley, who -is still very low. Drew one-half ration of bread, salt pork, boiled -beef and rice; they are going to give us cooked rations now, and some -other detachments raw ones. - -_6th day, 8th mo. 26th._ Very warm. Changed our sergeant of mess by -putting out Warner and electing George Suson. Went out to the Doctor's -and got prescriptions for Buckley, who has the scurvy. My complaint is -almost well. The cooked rations agree with me very well. Drew one-half -ration of bread and salt, about a pint of boiled beans, and a ration of -molasses. Took a walk over to see Mathews this evening. - -_7th day, 8th mo. 27th._ Was out to the Doctor's call for Buckley. -Spent the day in the old way. Drew some extra molasses this forenoon, -and boiled rice, beef, pork and salt for our rations this evening. -There was only a mouthful of bacon and the rice only half cooked. - -_1st day, 8th mo. 28th._ Was extremely warm. Spent the day as usual. - -_2d day, 8th mo. 29th._ Was not well the fore-part of the day and did -not get out to the Doctor's. Repeated the vote again for Suson, which -elected him, as before. Put Warner in for sergeant of detachment, in -place of the sergeant-major, who went out on parole to take charge of -ration wagons. - -_3d day, 8th mo. 30th._ No Doctor's call. Buckley was worse; I bathed -him and washed a shirt for him. - -_4th day, 8th mo. 31st._ Washed my drawers this forenoon, and lay about -most of the day afterwards. Drew bread, boiled beans, beef, salt and a -bit of bacon. Traded my beef for a ration of beans; ate my beans and -pork for supper; traded Griffith's bread for tobacco. Was a warm day. - -_5th day, 9th mo. 1st._ Was out to the Doctor's call--no medicine--no -prescription. Lay in the house most of the day reading the Bible--have -got through Jeremiah. The news in the Macon papers is favorable to a -speedy exchange. Buckley gets no better. Traded half my bread and beef -for beans; ate nothing but a ration and a half of beans for breakfast. -Drew the same kind of rations except beans--rice only partly cooked. -Last night was so cold that I could not sleep. - -_6th day, 9th mo. 2d._ Lay in the house--slept and read most all day. -Drew the same rations as yesterday--got a piece of pork as large as my -fist for a mess of thirty. - -_7th day, 9th mo. 3d._ Was cloudy and pleasant to-day. I am rather bad -yet. No news about the exchange to be relied on. Griffith has a lame -back; complains of the rheumatism. - -_1st day, 9th mo. 4th._ I am very ill indeed; lay quiet all day. - -_2d day, 9th mo. 5th._ Seemed to be the warmest day; suffered terribly -from the heat; lay in the tent most all day; am very weak. Drew bread, -pork, a large ration of molasses, and boiled rice. - -_3d day, 9th mo. 6th._ My disease is better. Lay in the tent most all -day. Eighteen detachments were ordered to be ready to leave at any -moment--commencing at the first, going up to the eighteenth. - -_4th day, 9th mo. 7th._ Lay in the tent most of the day and am better. -They commenced at the first detachment at seven o'clock this morning -and by night got as many as six, and gave orders up as high as eighteen -to be ready to leave at a short notice. They ordered at first eighteen -detachments to be ready, but could not find transportation for all -to-day. They say they are ordered to Charleston to be exchanged. - -_5th day, 9th mo. 8th._ Lay in the house most of the day. Helped Dr. -Buckley all I could. Drew beans, boiled beef, salt and corn meal. They -send off prisoners as fast as they can get transportation; have not -got more than twenty detachments away yet; they took some of the higher -detachments after getting up to the eighteenth--seventy-six to eighty. -Mathews got off. - -_6th day, 9th mo. 9th._ Was extremely warm to-day. Helped to carry -Buckley up to the barracks; was busy waiting on him until near noon; he -is very ill; at noon he was admitted to the hospital; I went outside -the gate with him; the rebel sergeant would not allow me to stay out -with him. The barracks were vacated and filled up with the sick of the -detachments which have left. The Drs. commenced and admitted large -numbers into the hospital. I have the diarrhoea very bad. About two -thousand more were taken away; they ship them off as fast as they can. - -_7th day, 9th mo. 10th._ Had a severe spell of chills and fever last -night; being so bad the day before, was the cause of it; drank plenty -of water, which soon stopped the chills, and threw me into a fever. -Was so weak to-day, could hardly go about. About the same number as -yesterday were sent off; they mostly started in the night. Drew bread, -boiled rice, molasses and salt. - -_1st day, 9th mo. 11th._ This was a very warm day. There was not so -many got away except this morning. About all the old prisoners are -gone. Yesterday evening, all from 19 to 23 were ordered to be ready. -About three, o'clock this afternoon, all from 23 to 33 were ordered to -be ready. No sooner was the order given than the "boys" packed up and -moved off to the gate. Each detachment took up its position, ready to -go. Here we lay, anxiously waiting for the cars to come, which were -expected at five o'clock, but they did not come. We lay down on the -ground. Drew boiled rice this forenoon. After getting to the gate, got -boiled beef. I am some better, but so weak and thin, I can just get -along. Griffith has such a lame back, he cannot get along much better -than I. - -_2d day, 9th mo. 12th._ We lay ready to go until almost five o'clock. -Drew rice, molasses, and bread, for two days rations. I am very weak, -hardly able to walk. At five the trains began to come in; we moved out -and got in the cars; sixty to a car. About six o'clock they gave us two -days rations of corn bread and pork; started about dusk and arrived at -Macon about the middle of the night. - -_3d day, 9th mo. 13th._ Lay in the cars until daylight; then started -and got to Augusta by evening; stopped there about two hours, then -changed cars and started again about dusk. - -_4th day, 9th mo. 14th._ Kept on all night, going on the Columbia road, -and came to a junction which went to Charleston; and, at noon, came to -another junction, one leading towards Wilmington, which we took, after -changing cars, and started about five o'clock, and continued going on -pretty steady all night. - -_5th day, 9th mo. 15th._ Arrived at a village called Florence, South -Carolina, and encamped here. Arrived here about two o'clock last night; -lay in the cars until eleven o'clock to-day, then were moved out about -a mile from the place. Clark, Joice, Griffith, and I, put up a snug -tent of two blankets. The day, and, in fact, the weather, has been very -warm since we started; we are almost worn out. - -_6th day, 9th mo. 16th._ Slept very cold last night; have the diarrhoea -very bad, and am so weak that I can hardly go about; did not get any -rations until twelve o'clock at night, and then only a pint of meal and -a little piece of pork. The rebel Captain called the roll this evening. -The camp is divided into messes of one hundred, and detachments of -three thousands. I am in mess sixth of our detachment. - -_7th day, 9th mo. 17th._ Was a very warm day; I got no better; am so -weak, can hardly help myself. Last night was so cold I could not sleep -until we took down the blankets and put them over us. Drew a pint of -rice for two days' rations. - -_1st day, 9th mo. 18th._ Drew a pint of beans, pork and salt. Had roll -call; all that were sick and not able to go, were excused; and, after -roll call, were ordered to the hospital. I was put on the sick list. -About noon we were taken outside of the camp for the purpose of drawing -better rations. In the evening drew a good ration of sweet potatoes, a -leaf of cabbage, a little beef and salt. I have Griffith's overcoat, -which is the only shelter I have. Close, Roberts, Clark and I are -together. - -_2d day, 9th mo. 19th._ Lay under our tree, and sit by the fire all -night; it was very cool. Drew same rations as yesterday, excepting the -cabbage; got a square inch of pumpkin. About noon got orders to move to -the opposite side of the camp, when the most able men, the nurses, and -those who wished, were sent back to camp; the rest put in detachments -of one hundred. I am in the seventh detachment; are in the woods, with -water handy. - -_3d day, 9th mo. 20th._ Had a cool night of it last night; lay in the -woods until five o'clock; then were taken up to the shedding, in the -field. Clark and I went back to the woods to sleep. It was cloudy all -night, and in the evening rained. Drew same rations as yesterday. - -_4th day, 9th mo. 21st._ Lay under our tree all night and were up at -daylight; had a cold night of it. The nurses put up some boughs over -poles for us, but they made poor shelter, excepting from the sun. We -were worse off here excepting the rations. Drew a sweet potato, five -spoonfuls of flour, the same of rice, and half a tablespoonful of salt. -My diarrhoea is almost checked, but my strength is poor yet. - -_5th day, 9th mo. 22d._ It rained last night, but I lay in my overcoat -and kept dry. Drew the same rations of flour as yesterday, two -spoonsful of corn meal, rice, salt and a mouthful of bacon. Make gruel -and rice soup mostly for Close and I. Am decidedly better to-day. Had a -good deal of rain this evening. - -_6th day, 9th mo. 23d._ Was cloudy all day; rained in the fore-part -of the night; made out to sleep a little. Got some dead pine leaves -and spread on the ground for my bed. My overcoat kept me from getting -"wringing wet." Got everything dry to day, and went to the creek and -took a bath. All who were able were sent to the creek to bathe, and -before they got back the doctor sent three hundred and fifty of them -back to camp. I cannot gain strength. Drew hominy, rice, flour and a -pinch of salt. - -_7th day, 9th mo. 24th._ Lay about all day and cooked. Had a heavy rain -in the evening. Drew corn meal, rice, fresh beef, and a pinch of salt. -My old complaint is back on me as bad as ever. - -_1st day, 9th mo. 25th._ Was a clear, warm and windy day. My diarrhoea -gets no better. Drew fresh beef, a good ration, and salt only. Made -soup of rice. I cook for Close. All who could walk were sent back to -camp; I was left out, being able to walk only a little. Clark was sent -in. Had a cool night. - -_2d day, 9th mo. 26th._ Last night was very cold--cold enough for -frost. To-day was fine and clear, but rather cool. Am very weak and -prostrated. There are some rumors of an exchange going on. - -_3d day, 9th mo. 21th._ Was warm; last night was cold. All excepting -the worst cases were sent to camp. I got some medicine this evening--a -pill of camphor and opium; some with dysentery got oleum ricini and -spirits of turpentine. The scurvy cases, a decoction of Sumac berries, -which was pleasant to drink. Some kind citizens sent some boiled sweet -potatoes, ham, cabbage and bread for the worst cases. The steward, who -seems to notice me considerably, gave Close and I some of all the above -named articles, so we wanted no supper. Drew corn meal, fresh beef and -salt. I cooked beans until eleven o'clock at night for our breakfast. -Am no better, but have a good appetite. - -_4th day, 9th mo. 28th._ Was very warm all day; spent the day as -yesterday. Drew meal, beans and salt. - -_5th day, 9th mo. 29th._ Was a warm night; I slept well. My complaint -is no better; am very weak. Drew meal, rice, salt, molasses, and some -sweet potatoes; the molasses is of the worst sorghum. They give us -medicine once per day. - -_6th day, 9th mo. 30th._ Spent the day laying in my shed. My disease is -on the mend. Got to the creek and took a bath this forenoon. Drew fresh -beef, rice, meal and salt. Got medicine to-day. The men die pretty fast. - -_7th day, 10th mo. 1st._ Lay quiet as possible. Drew one-half of a -large hard tack, eight spoonsful of molasses, and salt. - -_1st day, 10th mo. 2d._ Was busy pottering around all day. Drew one -half of hard tack, eight spoonsful of molasses, salt, corn meal and -flour. The men are dying off very fast all around me. Griffith was put -in the third Ward. Got my cap and gum blanket. - -_2d day, 10th mo. 3d._ Spent the day as yesterday. Had some rain in the -evening. Drew fresh beef, beans, flour and salt. My health is better. - -_3d day, 10th mo. 4th._ Lay quiet; my complaint is some better. Drew -molasses, rice, flour and salt--a good ration. - -_4th day, 10th mo. 5th._ Lay quiet. Took a dose of olium vicini last -night. Did not eat much to-day; am getting stouter. Drew meal, beans -and salt. Was a warm and pleasant day. Edward Roberts died in the -afternoon. I went down to see how he was, and found him only breathing. - -_5th day, 10th mo. 6th._ Am getting better; walked around a good deal -to-day. Sold my knife for six dollars in Confederate money; also, five -pearl buttons for fifty cents. Partly cooked some beans after ten -o'clock this evening. Had a heavy rain. - -_6th day, 10th mo. 7th._ Am better to-day than I have been for some -time. Bought seven sweet potatoes for fifty cents and ate the half -of them. Drew fifteen small crackers, sent to us by the Sanitary -Commission, and some flour and salt. Wrote a letter for Close to his -father; he has given up all hopes of recovery. - -_7th day, 10th mo. 8th._ Was clear and cold all day. Drew fifteen small -crackers, a small spoonful of beef tea, some condensed milk and coffee. -Two rations made only a pint of coffee; I gave all to Close--he seemed -to relish them. Shirts and drawers were issued to those who needed -them; they were sent by the Sanitary Commission. I feel better and -stouter to-day, and made out to draw three buckets of water and carry -it. Sold a knife for Close for one dollar, and bought one dollar's -worth of sweet potatoes. - -_1st day, 10th mo. 9th._ Was very cool all day. Drew the usual rations. -The men are dying off very fast. - -_2d day, 10th mo. 10th._ Last night it was so cold that it was as much -as I could do to keep from freezing. It was clear and cool all day. -Drew thin half-blankets for those who had none, also socks, hats and -drawers, from the Sanitary Commission. - -_3d day, 10th mo. 11th._ Spent the day, which was very cool, as -yesterday. Drew same kind of rations. - -_4th day, 10th mo. 12th._ Was warm to-day. Have been troubled with -a sore mouth, arising from a bad cold. Medicine does no good. Drew -medicine, got drowsy and went to bed. - -_5th day, 10th mo. 13th._ Have had a worse attack of that "terrible -scourge" to-day than I have had for a long time. Took medicine to no -purpose. - -_6th day, 10th mo. 14th._ I am no better; worse if anything. Drew -"Sanitary stuff" for the worst cases, and fresh beef, flour and corn -meal. - -_7th day, 10th mo. 15th._ Was a fine day; lay quiet most of the time. -Sanitary stuff for Close, and the worst cases, were issued. Drew some -crackers with a ration. Put Close's and mine in soup. My complaint -seems to be better. - -_1st day, 10th mo. 16th._ A pleasant day. Close about the same. Drank -concentrated coffee and sconce. I feel better, but cannot get my -disease checked. Took three cathartic pills this evening. Drew no -rations. - -_2d day, 10th mo. 17th._ Was the same kind of day to me as others. -Close was worse all day; the ward-master got him an egg, some beef tea -and coffee, which he ate and yet seemed hungry. We think he cannot live -over night. - -_3d day, 10th mo. 18th._ Covered Close up with all the blankets, and -got permission to sleep by the nurse's fire. The night was cool. Close -kept sinking until four o'clock this morning, when he died. It looks -like rain again this morning. Burns, one of the nurses, and I, put up -a tent of my gum blanket and one of the new blankets. I am not much -better. - -_4th day, 10th mo. 19th._ Warm and pleasant; was busy most of the time, -but did not do much. The Sanitary Commission has been sending clothing -here, but it is rather light stuff, such as red pants, gray drawers, -and red and gray shirts. - -_5th day, 10th mo. 20th._ Lay as quiet as possible all day. Am better. - -_6th day, 10th mo. 21st._ Lay as quiet as possible all day. The nights -are very cool. - -_7th day, 10th mo. 22d._ Last night was very cool, but I got a good -night's rest. To-day was blustery and cold, but clear. At ten o'clock -the hospital was moved inside of the stockade, and to the northwest -corner of it. All who were able to walk were sent ahead, and after -getting in were taken across the creek and put in charge of a corporal. -I took a walk around and bought two Confederate dollars worth of sweet -potatoes for my dinner; traded all my beans for salt; then took a walk -to the hospital grounds, and found our steward and nurses, who told me -to bring my things. Burns and I put up a tent as before and prepared -for a cold night; ate a little boiled rice. The steward gave me four -spoonsful of canned tomatoes and a biscuit for my supper. - -_1st day, 10th mo. 23d._ Was cool; lay about, and kept warm in the sun -and tent. - -_2d day, 10th mo. 24th._ Lay in the tent most of the time. A Mason, -ward-master, came to see me. A rebel Lieutenant was looking around for -us. The backs of my hands are so badly chapped I can hardly do any -thing. - - * * * * * - -It appears that from inability or some other cause, Charles Smedley was -unable to give us any further account of his trials and sufferings; and -that the 24th of the 10th month, 1864, was the last day he was able to -write. I have deemed it appropriate to add the following account of -his last days, (obtained from Richard Dobbins, who was the steward or -ward-master, referred to by Charles, and who attended him until near -his last moments,) as a finale to his own history, as given in his -diary. - -JOEL SMEDLEY. - - * * * * * - -Having had some acquaintance with Charles Smedley--the writer of the -foregoing diary--for some time previous to his decease, at the request -of his father, I shall endeavor to give some account, from memory, -of the last days of his existence; also, a brief account of my own -experience while in the hands of the rebels, as their prisoner. - -My name is Richard Dobbins, a native of western Missouri. I belonged -to Company H, 18th Regiment Iowa Volunteers--was taken prisoner at -the battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25th, 1863--was sent to the -Libby prison, in Richmond, Va., where I remained a short time--Then -I was sent to Belle Island, where I suffered very much from cold and -starvation. I often thought of death, which stared me in the face -daily; though I was not worse off than the majority of the other -prisoners. I remained there until the 16th of March, 1864, when I was -sent with others to Andersonville, in Georgia, where I suffered very -much; not so much from starvation as on the island, but from the rain -and cold; also from smoke, from the burning of pine wood. We were of -course thinly clad, some destitute of blankets, some of shoes, some -of pants, while others had scarcely any clothes on them. The majority -of us had been searched and robbed of all our good clothing, money, -watches, boots, &c. It seemed as though we could expect nothing but -death to relieve us from our sufferings. Over twelve thousand of the -prisoners died at Andersonville. - -On the 8th of September, I, with others, was sent from there, and in -due time arrived at Savannah. From thence we were moved to Charleston, -South Carolina, where the rebels made a kind of military display of us, -by marching us through the city, and putting us in the prison, near the -officers who were under the fire of our own guns. - -We remained there only one day and night, and then were marched to the -rear of the city on the race-course track, where we staid but a short -time; then I was sent to Florence, South Carolina. Shortly after I -arrived there, I was taken out on "parole of honor," and sent to the -Federal hospital by the rebel surgeons, as master of one of the wards -there. - -It was there I became acquainted with Corporal Charles Smedley, of -Company G, Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, (although I had -frequently seen him at sick call, while at Andersonville, but did not -make his acquaintance,) who was a patient in my ward. - -A little incident occurred there that manifested his kind and generous -disposition, which attracted my attention, and caused me to feel a deep -interest in his welfare. I had prepared some food for him, the best -I could get, and took it to him. He immediately gave it all to David -Close, (who was a fellow prisoner with him, and very sick,) saying, -"you need it worse than I." - -When he first came to the hospital, he complained of chronic -diarrhoea and dysentery. After a few days the dysentery left him, -though he was very weak. He kindly waited on David Close, and seemed -willing to do all he could for him, as he considered Close worse than -himself. I think he hurt himself by over exertion. He waited on Close -all he could, until he died, which appears to have occurred on the -morning of the 18th of October. - -A few days after the death of David Close, the hospital was moved -inside of the stockade, to the North-west corner. Charles, with others, -walked in. In the evening Charles came over to the hospital. We told -him he had better get his things, and come back to the hospital and -stay, which he did. Shortly after he came, his hands became very sore, -apparently from a dropsical affection, and were bandaged up. - -His walk, from the hospital to the inside of the stockade, appeared to -have been too much for his strength. From that day he became worse, -though he was able to walk about, almost every day, until the day -before he died. - -He gave me his watch some time before, saying, "he might drop off any -time," and requested me, if it should so happen, to take it home to -his father, and tell him all, which I promised him I would do, if it -was possible. He seemed cheerful, and manifested no fears of death. -In fact, he always appeared cheerful and in good spirits, and seemed -confident that he would get home again. He certainly had a very hard -and trying time while in prison, but was seldom heard to complain or -find fault. _He was a good soldier and a true patriot._ - -He died on the night of the 16th of November, 1864. He was washed, -shaved, and clean clothes put on him, but no coffin was provided for -him. His body was wrapped in a sheet and buried in the burial ground, -a short distance north of north-west of the stockade. The number of -his grave was probably recorded at the rebel headquarters, as is their -custom, but I do not know the number. I tried to get the number, but -could not, for reasons best known to the rebel officers. - -After his death I secured his Bible, diary, a small book in which he -kept the photographs of his family, and a few little tools, with which -he used to while away the time in making bone rings, &c.; all of which, -with the watch, according to my promise, I have succeeded in delivering -to his father. - -I was paroled on the 29th of November, 1864, and sent from Florence, -South Carolina, to Savannah, Georgia, where I was put on shipboard, and -brought, with many others, to Annapolis, Maryland, where I arrived on -the morning of the 5th of December, and immediately informed Charles -Smedley's father of his sad fate. - -RICHARD DOBBINS, -Co. H, 17th Regiment Iowa Volunteers - -FOOTNOTES: - -[4] His little tent as described under date of "3d day, 5th mo. 24th." - -[5] The term street must be applied to the road in the centre of the -stockade. It cannot possibly be a street in the town. - -[6] By the term "raiders," the writer designates a set of thieves and -cut-throats among the prisoners, who made a practice of robbing newly -arrived Union soldiers. - - - - -MARCH TO AND BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. - -SIXTH AND SEVENTH MONTHS, 1863. - - -On the march into Maryland, _5th day, 6th mo. 25th, 1863_, were called -in from picket about nine o'clock; went to the old camp, and joined, -or followed the division, which has been on the march for some time. -Should have remained on picket, as the column passed the right of the -picket line. Followed the road to Edward's Ferry, where we crossed on -one of the pontoons; went on, and passed through Poolsville, and then -on to Barnesville, where we encamped in a clump of thick, low pines, -on the north side of the town; had a difficult time getting into the -woods. It had been raining all day, and still continued; Jos. and I put -up Clay's tent, and took Chaplin in with us; we were almost "wringing -wet" from perspiration and rain. Had a hard march, and were almost worn -out. - -_6th day, 6th mo. 26th._ Were called up at daylight by the Adjutant, -but did not get out until all the other regiments were off. We got -ready, and were off by five o'clock, and went on as fast as possible, -but did not catch up to the brigade until we had gone several miles. -All of our things were wet, which made our load heavy to carry. We -crossed the Monocacy river, went through Adamstown, and came to -Jeffersonville, where we took up our camp for the night. I gave out -about the middle of the day, and fell down; got a pass from the -Captain, signed by the Doctor, as I could not keep up, and took my -time; got to within a mile of Jeffersonville by the time the division -halted. Made some coffee, and went to a cherry tree and got some -cherries, which was the most I had to eat to-day. We put up our tent, -and went to a stack of straw and got an armful for our bed; took the -sergeant in with us. It rained some all night; our clothes were very -wet--could almost wring them. - -_7th day, 6th mo. 27th._ The bugle sounded about four o'clock, we got -up about five, and were packed up by eight. Went to a house near by to -get water and wash; then went to a cherry tree and got some cherries. -Made some tea for breakfast. By half past eight were in line, and -started. Went through the town, and followed the road leading towards -Middletown. We made an easy march of it, a distance of eight miles. The -roads were hard, which made the marching good. We got to Middletown by -one o'clock, passed on through towards the mountains, and encamped. -We appear to be in a valley. All of the First and Twelfth Corps are -encamped around here. The country we have passed through the last two -days is of the best farming land. - -_1st day, 6th mo. 28th._ Last night we got one day's rations of sugar, -coffee, crackers, beef and pork. The Adjutant said we would be likely -to move at three o'clock this morning. Had inspection of arms and -accoutrements about twelve; at one I was out on guard; about two the -bugle sounded to pack up, and at three the Corps was off. The guards -acted as rear guards. Took the Frederick City pike, and got within a -mile of the city by night, when the Corps encamped. The rear guard had -to go on guard on arriving. - -_2d day, 6th mo. 29th._ The bugles began to sound the reveille about -three o'clock. The third relief went oh at four, when the bugle sounded -"pack up;" by five the Corps was off. The sergeant of the third relief -took charge of us, and we staid behind to get breakfast. I took three -hard-tacks and a piece of pork and ate them on post for my breakfast. -Our camp is in a meadow, with a fine run of water in it. We passed -over a very mountainous country yesterday, but very beautiful. The -marching was easy, on good pike; weather cloudy and misty. We soon -started, in charge of the sergeant, who had a few lines from the -officer of the day. When we came to the pike, we joined the middle of -the First Division, which was in the rear. After going one-fourth of -a mile, the road branched off, one leading towards Frederick City and -the other to Pennsylvania. We followed on, and caught up to the Second -Brigade by noon. Passed the Second and Fifth Maryland Battalions. Had -very muddy roads, the mist turning into rain at times. Followed a pike -leading towards Hagerstown; passed through as far as Cotocton Furnace, -halted half an hour, after going three or four miles past the furnace, -and ate our little dinner. After the half-hour was up the column -started. I joined the regiment, and kept with it past Mechanicstown, -when the roads were so muddy and wet I could no more than keep up. We -followed the pike, passing through Emmettsburg, amid the waving of -flags and handkerchiefs by the ladies. After going one-half a mile past -the town, we encamped in a field. - -_3d day, 6th mo. 30th._ Slept pretty well--it rained some in the night. -Got up at five o'clock, and started at eight; went back through the -town, then across the Pennsylvania line, and halted and encamped. We -met the Eleventh Corps coming through Emmettsburg, going the road we -came. Just before we started, an old gentleman and lady came into camp, -bringing bread, butter, biscuits and doughnuts, and gave them to us, -saying, "poor fellows, we'll give you all we have, if you will drive -the rebels off, and hope you'll not get killed." As soon as we crossed -the line, we gave nine cheers. After stopping, we were told to put up -our tents. My feet are very sore and blistered. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 1st._ Sergeant and I slept together, the other mate -was on guard. Got up at five. Had fresh beef for breakfast. The bugle -sounded "pack up," and about seven o'clock we started on the road -towards Gettysburg; at nine were within three miles of Gettysburg; -halted to rest; heard something like cannonading ahead. About the -middle of the day got to Gettysburg, and halted. There was pretty -sharp fighting to the left and ahead of us. We have halted in a piece -of woods; can see the firing plainly, and may soon be in it. After -stopping for half an hour, we advanced by the left of the town, and -halted a few minutes, then went on and formed in line of battle. I -threw away everything but a few envelopes and paper, which I put in -my note book. We first threw out skirmishers, and after manoeuvering -around for some time, got into the thickest of the fight. I could not -get my musket to work right, but fired something like twenty rounds. -After near an hour's hard fighting, we were compelled to fall back; -and, after manoeuvering, our brigade went up to the top of a hill -and supported a battery, which did good service. After near an hour, -were compelled to fall back to the town. The rebels had flanked us. -We lost a great many, the most when we fell back the first time. A -bullet grazed the right side of my neck, and another my right hip. We -retreated through the town in great confusion, and all the time the -rebels were shelling it, and some shooting from the houses. We got -into some kind of order after getting out of the town, and by sundown, -what was left of us, are in line of battle. Sent out skirmishers. When -we were first under fire, a piece of shell struck the ground between -Captain and I, throwing the sand in our faces. The whole number of -killed and wounded of the Ninetieth Regiment is near fifty--of our -company four or five wounded. - -_5th day, 7th mo. 2d._ Slept last night behind the stacks, on two -rails, under my gum blanket. All was quiet. Captain gave me five -crackers and some coffee for my breakfast. There is some firing out -among the pickets, and skirmishing going on all the time. Several -other Corps came up yesterday and last night; we are stronger now. The -Eleventh, Twelfth and Third Corps are here, that I know of, besides -our own. Ours and the Eleventh appear to be the only forces engaged. -At twelve o'clock all was quiet. All the forenoon there was firing -among the skirmishers, and some artillery firing, and a great deal of -manoeuvering in the different parts of the army. Large numbers of the -enemy came over and gave themselves up, and we took some prisoners. The -great mistake yesterday was in not having reinforcements near at hand. -To-day we are very strong, but as yet nothing has been done. General -Reynolds was killed yesterday. About three o'clock the cannonading -opened on the left, and then all along the line. In less than an hour -the musketry opened on the left, and kept up a continued fire until -dark. We (the First Corps) were supporting batteries, in the centre, -for the first hour or so; then we were taken more to the right, where -most of the Corps seemed to be; here we were for more than an hour; we -lay close to the ground to get out of the way of shells. About seven -o'clock we were taken to near the extreme left, formed in line and -advanced some distance, then halted and sent out skirmishers, (twenty -from our Regiment.) By this time, except the artillery, all was quiet, -but occasional firing among the skirmishers. While laying here, I went -back with canteens to get water, and when I returned, found the Brigade -moving towards the right. We held our ground all day, and on the left, -where the fight was the hottest, we drove the enemy, taking a large -number of prisoners. Large numbers of dead and wounded lay all over -the field. One of our skirmishers came to a man with both legs shot -off, who gave him his watch, and offered him five dollars to shoot him. -Our Captain came across the rebel General Barksdale, who was mortally -wounded. We were put into different positions during the night, and at -last halted along a road running towards the south end of the town, -behind a stone fence. - -_6th day, 7th mo. 3d._ The battle opened with the skirmishers on the -left and cannonading all along our lines, at daylight. The batteries -behind us shot over our heads. The musketry was sharp on the right. -We were first taken from the position we occupied last night to the -rear of the battery near the Cemetery, where we remained for half an -hour; then were moved to the right a little more, where we lay behind -the batteries until near eleven o'clock. The firing was very hot -on all sides--sharp musketry on the right. About eleven the rebels -concentrated their fire on the centre, when we formed in line, and -under a heavy fire of shot and shell, moved to the right, or north of -the Cemetery, and lay in front of the battery. Here the fire was very -hot, the rebels having batteries playing on us from all sides; many -of our men were struck by the shells; we lay flat and escaped many -bullets, &c., from the skirmishers and sharpshooters. The sun came out -very warm and many of our men were sun-struck. We lay here some three -hours. The First Division of the Eleventh Corps was in front, all along -the road. About three o'clock we had to get up, under the heaviest -fire I ever saw, and form in line of battle behind some batteries in -the Cemetery. Just as we started, Colonel Coulter, of the Eleventh -Corps, who had command of the First Brigade, was struck in the arm by -a sharpshooter; Colonel Lyle took his place, and Major Sellers took -command of the Ninetieth Regiment. We were taken towards the left of -the centre and put in the front line of battle. Here General Hayes rode -along the lines with a rebel battle flag. We advanced to within one -hundred yards of the road, and formed in line, and sent out a large -force of skirmishers. As we lay here, we had the fire of the rebel -sharpshooters and skirmishers in our front, and a large Whitworth gun, -which the rebels had planted on our flank, over two miles off, which -was constantly letting the missiles fly directly over or near us. Four -fell near the right of our line, but did no damage. We put up a few -rails and lay as low as possible. About seven o'clock in the evening, -all of the Ninetieth who were not skirmishing, had to support a company -of sharpshooters; I was among them; we went to the road and lay behind -the bank until dark, and then came in, carrying Miller with us in a -blanket to the hospital; then went back to the line, and made a strong -barricade of rails and stones, three feet high, where we lay all night. -All have run out of rations. This has been a warm day all around. We -still hold the field. General Longstreet was wounded and is in our -hands. Just as we came here, there had been a charge made in front of -us, which drove the rebels. Large numbers came into our lines, holding -up their hands, hats, and white rags. - -_7th day, 7th mo. 4th._ Six o'clock A. M. Still hold our position. All -is quiet except the skirmishing. Had rations of pork, crackers, sugar -and coffee. Night. We lay in the position we took up last. This morning -we made a barricade strong enough to turn bullets. This evening some -of us were put on detail for burying the dead, but when we got out to -where we were ordered, found that we were not wanted. We took a look -at the large numbers of wounded prisoners in the barns and the field, -southeast of the Cemetery, which was covered with everything almost -belonging to a soldier. Most of the dead have been buried. All day -there were details sent out to gather up muskets, cartridge boxes, &c. -There was no fighting, except amongst the skirmishers and pickets, all -day, but we did not know how soon we might be called on. I tried to get -liberty to go and look for Wheaton, who was wounded, but could not. The -news is this evening that the rebels have left. We had a very heavy -rain this afternoon. Got rations of pork, crackers, coffee and sugar, -for four days, this evening. - -_1st day, 7th mo. 5th._ Had a hard night last night; made a bed on -three rails, with gum blanket for cover; it rained very hard all -night. Soon after we got to bed, orders came for every man to have -his accoutrements on, and gun by his side. About three o'clock there -was a general alarm along our lines; we were up and in our places in -a moment, but after waiting half an hour, when all was quiet, General -Baxter said we might go to bed again. The alarm was false. I tried -again to get liberty to look for Wheaton, but could not. We were sent -out to gather up the dead and wounded rebels who lay in front of us. -They could not be got off any earlier on account of the sharpshooters. -We went out this morning to look at the field where we had not been -before; it was a horrible sight, the ground being literally strewed -with dead and a few wounded. The dead were so putrified that it would -be difficult for a friend to recognize one. The mail came in this -morning; received letters and sent some home. About nine o'clock we -were taken out to relieve the Sixth Corps, which had been stationed -to the left one-fourth of a mile, behind some rifle-pits. We remained -until sundown, when we were moved farther to the front, and encamped -for the night. This afternoon I went up to see some who were in Company -B, Ninety-ninth Regiment, which was encamped farther up towards the -left. Saw a citizen from Lancaster. There are a great many citizens on -the field. This has been a cloudy, dull, damp day. - -_2d day, 7th mo. 6th._ Moved from near the left of the battle-field -this morning, and encamped within a mile of Emmettsburg; was put on -guard. This has been a damp day, and the ground is very muddy. - -_3d day, 7th mo. 7th._ We were called up early this morning, and -started on the Frederick City pike; went through Emmettsburg. Instead -of going to Frederick City, took a cut across the mountains, and got -within six miles of Middletown, and encamped in the mountains near -Belmont. This was one of the hardest marches we have had yet; distance, -twenty-two miles. The mountains were so steep and the roads so muddy. - -_4th day, 7th mo. 8th._ Were called up at four o'clock, ordered to pack -up, and get in line immediately, which we did, and were on the road. We -took the direct road to, and went through Middletown, and encamped half -a mile north of the town. We were almost worn out by the time we got to -camp. It rains most of the time, making the roads muddy and traveling -difficult. At two o'clock we had orders to move, and by half-past two -were off. Took the Hagerstown pike and followed it partly over the -mountain; then turned to the left, and up a high mountain, and formed -in line of battle along the road at sundown. After getting supper we -built breastworks until dark. Part of the Eleventh Corps is here with -us. Met large numbers of cavalry. Most of the army is here. The rebels -are not far off. - -_5th day, 7th mo. 9th._ Were up at daylight and got our breakfast; then -all hands went to work and put up our breastworks near three feet high. -By six heard something like skirmishing in front of us, and a band -playing. By seven o'clock we were under arms. Yesterday afternoon we -heard some cannonading, which, we were told, was our cavalry and the -rebel cavalry, with some artillery. We have a strong stone wall before -us. We lay all day behind our works. All the rest of the army, or -nearly so, has gone by; we, the First Corps, are in the rear and will -not go until morning. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Life in Southern Prisons, by Charles Smedley - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE IN SOUTHERN PRISONS *** - -***** This file should be named 60084.txt or 60084.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/0/8/60084/ - -Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/60084.zip b/old/60084.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ccc3b25..0000000 --- a/old/60084.zip +++ /dev/null |
