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@@ -1,38 +1,4 @@
-The Project Gutenberg eBook, Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne, 1812-1813, by
-Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne, Edited by Paul Cottin
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne, 1812-1813
-
-
-Author: Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne
-
-Editor: Paul Cottin
-
-Release Date: May 12, 2019  [eBook #59489]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF SERGEANT BOURGOGNE,
-1812-1813***
-
-
-E-text prepared by Brian Coe, Graeme Mackreth, and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
-available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 59489 ***
 
 
 
@@ -85,30 +51,30 @@ Doubleday & Mcclure Co.
 PREFACE
 
 
-Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne was the son of a cloth-merchant
-of Condé-sur-Escaut (Nord). He reached his twentieth year on November
+Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne was the son of a cloth-merchant
+of Condé-sur-Escaut (Nord). He reached his twentieth year on November
 12th, 1805, a time when military glory was the one dream of youth. To
 make this dream real, his father procured his admission into a corps
-of the Vélites of the Guard, where a fixed income was a necessary
+of the Vélites of the Guard, where a fixed income was a necessary
 qualification.
 
-The Vélites were originally Roman soldiers lightly armed, for
+The Vélites were originally Roman soldiers lightly armed, for
 skirmishing with the enemy (_velitare_). In the year XII. when the
-Revolution was at an end, two corps of Vélites, consisting of 800
+Revolution was at an end, two corps of Vélites, consisting of 800
 men each, were attached to the foot Grenadiers, and to the mounted
 Grenadiers of the Consul's Guard.
 
 In times of peace each cavalry regiment had attached to it a squadron
-of Vélites made up of troops of 125 men each, and each infantry
-regiment a battalion of two companies of 150 Vélites each. The uniform
-worn by the Vélites was always that of the corps into which they were
+of Vélites made up of troops of 125 men each, and each infantry
+regiment a battalion of two companies of 150 Vélites each. The uniform
+worn by the Vélites was always that of the corps into which they were
 drafted.
 
-The Vélites were trained first at Saint Germain-en-Laye, then at Écouen
+The Vélites were trained first at Saint Germain-en-Laye, then at Écouen
 and at Fontainebleau. Bourgogne attended the writing, arithmetic,
 drawing, and gymnastic classes which were meant to complete the
 military education of these future officers; for, after a few years,
-the more efficient of the Vélites were promoted to the rank of
+the more efficient of the Vélites were promoted to the rank of
 Sub-Lieutenant.
 
 After a few months, Bourgogne and his comrades were among the troops
@@ -126,9 +92,9 @@ under the First Empire, had he but left behind really complete memoirs,
 as foreshadowed in one passage of his book![2] The remarkable fragment
 or portion now issued raises a great expectation of the completion.
 
-M. de Ségur's account of the Russian campaign needs no eulogy. In one
+M. de Ségur's account of the Russian campaign needs no eulogy. In one
 respect it is lacking. It has not, and could not have, the personal
-accent of the experience that has been lived. M. de Ségur was on the
+accent of the experience that has been lived. M. de Ségur was on the
 staff, and had not to endure such sufferings as the private soldiers
 and the company officers--the sufferings which we now want to know
 in their minutest details. They make real the immense interest of
@@ -164,7 +130,7 @@ them; he saw wounded men left by the roadside for want of means of
 transport, begging for help with out-stretched hands, and dragging
 themselves across snow reddened by their blood, while those who passed
 by looked on silently, wondering how soon their turn might come.
-Bourgogne himself fell into a ditch covered with ice near the Niémen,
+Bourgogne himself fell into a ditch covered with ice near the Niémen,
 and begged for help in vain from the men who passed. One old Grenadier
 came up to him. 'I have not got any,' he said, raising two stumps to
 show that he had no helping hands to offer. Near the towns, where the
@@ -207,7 +173,7 @@ certain point, Bourgogne shared this view. And yet, when they returned
 to France, his regiment was reduced to twenty-six men!
 
 Their god always moved them deeply. When Picart saw him at the crossing
-of the Bérézina, 'wrapped in a great fur-lined cloak, a purple velvet
+of the Bérézina, 'wrapped in a great fur-lined cloak, a purple velvet
 cap on his head, and a stick in his hand,' he wept, saying, 'Look at
 our Emperor on foot! So great as he is, so proud as we always were of
 him!'
@@ -243,41 +209,41 @@ visitors to his house.
 
 When he went to Paris he never neglected to pay a visit to his old
 comrades at the Invalides. Many also in his native town met every
-day at the café, and talked of old times. On the anniversary of the
+day at the café, and talked of old times. On the anniversary of the
 entrance of the French into Moscow they had a dinner, and all drank in
 turn from a cup brought from the Kremlin: these old soldiers of the
 Guard made a religion of the past.
 
 When the days of 1830 brought the return of the tricolor,[6] Bourgogne
 thought of returning to the service. His family had some influence at
-Condé, where his brother was a doctor.[7]
+Condé, where his brother was a doctor.[7]
 
 M. de Vatimesnil, previously Minister of Louis XVIII. and Charles X.,
 and then Deputy for Valenciennes, did all he could to support the old
 soldier of nine campaigns and three wounds, and, moreover, neglected
 by the fallen Government. He therefore proposed, as legitimate
 compensation, his nomination to the post of Major de Place, now vacant
-at Condé. The letter to Marshal Soult, then Minister of War, was
+at Condé. The letter to Marshal Soult, then Minister of War, was
 countersigned by the two other Deputies of the Nord, Brigade and Morel.
 As M. de Vatimesnil received no answer, he wrote again in a fortnight
 afterwards.
 
 'This nomination,' he wrote, 'would not only be an excellent one from
-a military point of view, but also from a political one. The Château
+a military point of view, but also from a political one. The Château
 of the Hermitage, belonging to M. le Duc de Croy, is one league from
-Condé, and is a meeting-place for malcontents. I do not wish for a
+Condé, and is a meeting-place for malcontents. I do not wish for a
 moment to suggest that they have evil intentions, but prudence demands
-that a fortified place situated near the Château, and on the extreme
+that a fortified place situated near the Château, and on the extreme
 frontier, should be confided to perfectly trustworthy officers. I can
 answer for the energy of M. Bourgogne.'
 
 Failing the post, he asked for the Cross of the Legion of Honor for his
-protégé. But Bourgogne was entirely forgotten at the offices of the
+protégé. But Bourgogne was entirely forgotten at the offices of the
 Ministry, and all traces of his services seemed to have disappeared.
 M. de Vatimesnil was now obliged to compile a set of papers, which he
 sent in on September 24th. Two months afterwards, on November 10th,
-the former Vélite was at last appointed Lieutenant-Adjutant de Place,
-but at Brest instead of Condé. That was far off indeed; but, at the
+the former Vélite was at last appointed Lieutenant-Adjutant de Place,
+but at Brest instead of Condé. That was far off indeed; but, at the
 same time, it was one rung up the ladder, and on March 21st, 1831, the
 Cross came to give him patience. New efforts were now made to obtain
 the post of Adjutant de Place at Valenciennes, and his wish was at last
@@ -291,7 +257,7 @@ hardships they had gone through had not the effect of shortening their
 lives. But a man had to be exceptionally strong to survive them.
 Unhappily his last days were clouded by physical suffering, but neither
 his good temper nor the philosophy of his character was spoiled by it.
-Mme. Bussière, one of his nieces, came after the death of his second
+Mme. Bussière, one of his nieces, came after the death of his second
 wife to take care of him, and, by her devoted care, to give him all the
 relief possible.
 
@@ -311,19 +277,19 @@ Let us add that in his youth he was called a handsome soldier; his
 height and military carriage were impressive.[9] We have made no
 alteration in the text other than to correct mistakes of spelling
 and the suppression of unnecessary words. Less scruple was shown in
-a paper--now out of print (_L'Écho de la Frontière_)--which in 1857
+a paper--now out of print (_L'Écho de la Frontière_)--which in 1857
 published a part of the Memoirs of Bourgogne, and corrected them so
 effectually that all the original flavor had vanished.
 
-The collection of _L'Écho de la Frontière_ is very rare. The only
+The collection of _L'Écho de la Frontière_ is very rare. The only
 copy I know of is in the library at Valenciennes. The Bourgogne paper
 was torn away from it, and we have only found two copies, one at the
 National Library, the other in the library of M. le Baron Olivier de
 Watteville. These contain only part of the text published by the paper,
-and do not go further than p. 176 of the present volume. _L'Écho de
-la Frontière_ takes the reader to p. 286. We have therefore treated
+and do not go further than p. 176 of the present volume. _L'Écho de
+la Frontière_ takes the reader to p. 286. We have therefore treated
 these Memoirs as having the value of an unpublished work up to their
-publication in 1896 in our _Nouvelle Revue Rétrospective_.[10]
+publication in 1896 in our _Nouvelle Revue Rétrospective_.[10]
 
 We must acknowledge with gratitude our indebtedness to M. Maurice
 Henault, keeper of the records at Valenciennes, for having communicated
@@ -333,9 +299,9 @@ the manuscript, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of the copy.
 
 We also express our thanks to M. Auguste Molinier, whose original idea
 it was to offer the publication of the manuscript to the _Nouvelle
-Revue Rétrospective_, and to M. Ed. Martel, who made inquiries as to
-the Bourgogne family at Valenciennes and Condé. We must also mention
-our hero's nephews, M. le Docteur Bourgogne and M. Amadée Bourgogne, M.
+Revue Rétrospective_, and to M. Ed. Martel, who made inquiries as to
+the Bourgogne family at Valenciennes and Condé. We must also mention
+our hero's nephews, M. le Docteur Bourgogne and M. Amadée Bourgogne, M.
 Loriaux--his former landlord--and M. Paul Marmottau, who have given us
 valuable assistance in our work.
 
@@ -351,35 +317,35 @@ it had worked down to about twelve inches above the foot.]
 
 [Footnote 2: Note here passage in Book 282 in French copy.]
 
-[Footnote 3: About 14° below zero, Fahrenheit.]
+[Footnote 3: About 14° below zero, Fahrenheit.]
 
 [Footnote 4: 'As the Emperor is no longer in France,' he said himself
 in a note in his Memoirs, 'I shall throw up my commission.']
 
-[Footnote 5: Bourgogne married at Condé on August 31st, 1814, Thérèse
-Fortunée Demarez. After her death, in 1822, he married Philippine
+[Footnote 5: Bourgogne married at Condé on August 31st, 1814, Thérèse
+Fortunée Demarez. After her death, in 1822, he married Philippine
 Godart, a native of Tournai.]
 
 [Footnote 6: 'In 1830,' he said in the note already quoted 'I shall
 return to the service when the tricolor reappears.']
 
 [Footnote 7: Our sergeant had three brothers and a sister, of whom
-he was the eldest: François, Professor of Mathematics at the College
-of Condé; Firmin, died young; Florence, married to a brewer; Louis
+he was the eldest: François, Professor of Mathematics at the College
+of Condé; Firmin, died young; Florence, married to a brewer; Louis
 Florent, Doctor of Medicine of the Faculty of Paris, died in 1870.
-Marie Françoise Monnier, their mother, was born at Condé in 1764.]
+Marie Françoise Monnier, their mother, was born at Condé in 1764.]
 
 [Footnote 8: We found M. de Vatimesnil's letters in the military
 portfolio of Bourgogne, in the War Archives.]
 
 [Footnote 9: We give here a list, copied from the Memoirs, of the
 important battles in which Bourgogne took part: Jena, Pultusk, Eylau,
-Eilsberg, Friedland, Essling, Wagram, Sorno-Sierra, Benévent, Smolensk,
-La Moskowa, Krasnoë, La Bérézina, Lutzen, and Bautzen. 'I may add,' he
+Eilsberg, Friedland, Essling, Wagram, Sorno-Sierra, Benévent, Smolensk,
+La Moskowa, Krasnoë, La Bérézina, Lutzen, and Bautzen. 'I may add,' he
 said, 'more than twenty small encounters and other skirmishes.']
 
 [Footnote 10: Bourgogne's Memoirs appeared for the first time _in
-extenso_ in our _Nouvelle Revue Rétrospective_, which for the last
+extenso_ in our _Nouvelle Revue Rétrospective_, which for the last
 fourteen years has been devoted to the publication of documents on our
 national history.]
 
@@ -412,7 +378,7 @@ CONTENTS
 
   CHAPTER IV.
 
-  DOROGOBOUI--VERMIN--A CANTINIÈRE--HUNGER                         65
+  DOROGOBOUI--VERMIN--A CANTINIÈRE--HUNGER                         65
 
 
   CHAPTER V.
@@ -426,7 +392,7 @@ CONTENTS
 
   A DISTURBED NIGHT--I FIND MY FRIENDS AGAIN--WE
   LEAVE SMOLENSK--A NECESSARY CORRECTION--THE
-  BATTLE OF KRASNOË--MELLÉ THE DRAGOON                             93
+  BATTLE OF KRASNOË--MELLÉ THE DRAGOON                             93
 
 
   CHAPTER VII.
@@ -443,12 +409,12 @@ CONTENTS
   HALT IN A FOREST--POLISH HOSPITALITY--AN ATTACK
   OF INSANITY--WE REJOIN THE ARMY--THE EMPEROR
   AND THE SACRED BATTALION--THE CROSSING OF THE
-  BÉRÉZINA                                                        145
+  BÉRÉZINA                                                        145
 
 
   CHAPTER IX.
 
-  FROM THE BÉRÉZINA TO WILNA--THE JEWS                            207
+  FROM THE BÉRÉZINA TO WILNA--THE JEWS                            207
 
 
   CHAPTER X.
@@ -457,7 +423,7 @@ CONTENTS
   NEY--THE TREASURY OF THE ARMY--I
   AM POISONED--THE THIEVES' DRIPPING--THE OLD
   GRENADIER, FALOPPA--GENERAL ROGUET--FROM
-  KOWNO TO ELBING--TWO CANTINIÈRES--THE ADVENTURES
+  KOWNO TO ELBING--TWO CANTINIÈRES--THE ADVENTURES
   OF A SERGEANT--I FIND PICART AGAIN--THE
   SLEDGE AND THE JEWS--A SHREW--EYLAU--ARRIVAL
   AT ELBING                                                       229
@@ -483,7 +449,7 @@ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
  The Bridge over the Kolotscha near Borodino, September
  17, 1812,                                                         90
 
- On the High Road from Mojaiska to Krymskoïe, September
+ On the High Road from Mojaiska to Krymskoïe, September
  18, 1812,                                                        130
 
  Bivouac near Mikalewka, November 7, 1812,                        170
@@ -493,7 +459,7 @@ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
 
  Passage of the Berezina, November, 1812,                         250
 
- Beside the Road, not far from Pnéwa, November 8, 1812,           300
+ Beside the Road, not far from Pnéwa, November 8, 1812,           300
 
 
 
@@ -530,7 +496,7 @@ We stayed at Mayence, and then crossed the Rhine, afterwards passing
 on foot through the grand-duchy of Frankfort,[11] Franconia, Saxony,
 Prussia, and Poland. We crossed the Vistula at Marienwerder, entered
 Pomerania, and on the morning of June 25, a beautiful day (not, as
-M. de Ségur said, in bad weather), we passed over the Niemen by our
+M. de Ségur said, in bad weather), we passed over the Niemen by our
 pontoons, and entered Lithuania, the first province in Russia.
 
 On the next day we left our first position, and marched until the 29th,
@@ -594,7 +560,7 @@ Honour. From a height opposite to ours, the Russians had, like us, seen
 the engagement and flight of their cavalry.
 
 After this brush we made our bivouacs, and directly afterwards I had a
-visit from twelve young men from my own country (Condé); ten of them
+visit from twelve young men from my own country (Condé); ten of them
 were drummers, one a drum-major, and the twelfth was a corporal of
 Voltigeurs. They all wore side-arms. I told them how much pleasure it
 gave me to see them, and said I was sorry I had nothing to offer them.
@@ -604,7 +570,7 @@ The drum-major said:
 and share what we have, wine, gin, and other things very good for you.
 We took them yesterday evening from the Russian General. There was a
 little cart holding his kitchen and everything belonging to it. We have
-put it all into the canteen cart, with Florencia our _cantinière_--she
+put it all into the canteen cart, with Florencia our _cantinière_--she
 is a pretty Spaniard. She might be taken for my wife: I protect
 her--honourably, I can tell you!' As he said this, he struck the hilt
 of his long rapier. 'She is a good woman: ask the others--no one dares
@@ -615,10 +581,10 @@ pays_, it is settled: you--you'll come with us. If there's enough for
 three, there's enough for four. Come, right about! march!' And we set
 off towards their army corps, which formed the advance guard.
 
-Well, we got to the camp of the natives of Condé. There were four
-guests--two dragoons, Mellé, who was from Condé, Flament from Peruwelz,
+Well, we got to the camp of the natives of Condé. There were four
+guests--two dragoons, Mellé, who was from Condé, Flament from Peruwelz,
 and Grangier, a non-commissioned officer in the same regiment as
-myself. We sat down near the _cantinière's_ cart. She really was a very
+myself. We sat down near the _cantinière's_ cart. She really was a very
 pretty Spaniard, and she was overjoyed to see us, as we had just come
 from her own country, and could speak her language pretty well--the
 dragoon Flament best of all--so we spent the night in drinking the
@@ -644,15 +610,15 @@ with the hops. In our company was a brewer, a Fleming, who made us five
 barrels of excellent beer.
 
 On August 13, when we left the town, we still had two barrels of beer
-left; we put them under the care of Mother Dubois, our _cantinière_.
+left; we put them under the care of Mother Dubois, our _cantinière_.
 The happy idea then occurred to her of staying behind and of selling
 the beer for her own profit to the men who were following us, while we,
 in the sweltering heat, were nearly dead of thirst.
 
 Early on the morning of the 16th we arrived before Smolensk. The enemy
-had just retired there, and we took up our position on the Champ Sacré,
+had just retired there, and we took up our position on the Champ Sacré,
 so called by the natives of the place. This town is surrounded by
-very strong walls, and old towers, half made of wood. The Boristhène
+very strong walls, and old towers, half made of wood. The Boristhène
 (Dnieper) runs on one side of the town. The siege was begun at once and
 a breach made, and on the morning of the 17th, when we were preparing
 to make an assault, to our surprise we found the town evacuated. The
@@ -718,7 +684,7 @@ by the artillery, which fired 120,000 rounds. The Russians lost at
 least 50,000 men, either killed or wounded. Our loss was 17,000 men;
 forty-three Generals disabled, eight of whom, to my knowledge, were
 killed on the spot. These were: Montbrun, Huard, Caulaincourt (the
-brother of the Emperor's equerry), Compère Maison, Plauzonne, Lepel,
+brother of the Emperor's equerry), Compère Maison, Plauzonne, Lepel,
 and Anabert. This last was Colonel of a regiment of foot chasseurs.
 Each moment a message was sent to the Emperor, 'Sire, such and such a
 General is killed or wounded,' and his place had to be filled on the
@@ -773,9 +739,9 @@ answered him by killing him. Upon this the cavalry, terrified, ran away
 and left our men masters of the field.[15]
 
 On the 10th we followed the enemy until the evening; and when we
-stopped I was put in command of a guard near a château where the
+stopped I was put in command of a guard near a château where the
 Emperor lodged. I had just placed my men on a road leading to the
-château, when a Polish servant, whose master was on the Emperor's
+château, when a Polish servant, whose master was on the Emperor's
 staff, passed near us, leading a horse laden with baggage. The horse
 was worn out, sank down, and refused to get up again. The servant took
 the baggage and went off. He had hardly left us when the men, who were
@@ -810,7 +776,7 @@ On that day I was with an advance guard of fifteen men. After marching
 for an hour, the Imperial column halted, and just then I saw a
 linesman with his left arm in a sling. He was leaning on his musket,
 and seemed to be waiting for someone. I recognised him at once as one
-of the Condé men who had been to see me at Witebsk. He was there hoping
+of the Condé men who had been to see me at Witebsk. He was there hoping
 to meet me. I went up to him, and asked him after his friends.
 
 'They are well,' he answered, striking the ground with the butt-end
@@ -823,7 +789,7 @@ slaughter!'
 
 'Ah, bah! nothing. A ball between the elbow and shoulder. Sit down for
 a minute, and let us talk of our poor comrades and the young Spaniard,
-our _cantinière_.'
+our _cantinière_.'
 
 This is what he told me:
 
@@ -838,7 +804,7 @@ got a ball in the arm, without knowing it at the time.
 
 'Soon afterwards my wound began to pain me, and I went to the ambulance
 to have the ball extracted. I had not gone many steps before I met
-the young Spaniard, our _cantinière_; she was in tears. Some men had
+the young Spaniard, our _cantinière_; she was in tears. Some men had
 told her that nearly all the drummers of the regiment were killed or
 wounded. She said she wanted to see them, to help them if she could;
 so, in spite of the pain I suffered from my wound, I determined to
@@ -871,11 +837,11 @@ an ambulance of the Guard Artillery. Here Florencia came to her senses.
 'M. Larrey, the Emperor's surgeon, amputated her thumb, and extracted
 the ball from my arm very cleverly, and now I feel all right again.'
 
-This is what I heard from Dumont, the man from Condé, corporal of the
+This is what I heard from Dumont, the man from Condé, corporal of the
 Voltigeurs of the 61st. I made him promise to come to see me at Moscow,
 if we stayed there; but I never heard of him again.
 
-Thus perished twelve young men from Condé in the famous Battle of
+Thus perished twelve young men from Condé in the famous Battle of
 Moskowa, September 7th, 1812.
 
 End of the abstract of our march from Portugal to Moscow.
@@ -883,14 +849,14 @@ End of the abstract of our march from Portugal to Moscow.
  Bourgogne,[16]
 
  _Ex-Grenadier of the Imperial Guard, Chevalier
- of the Légion d'Honneur._
+ of the Légion d'Honneur._
 
 FOOTNOTES:
 
 [Footnote 11: Frankfort had been raised to a grand-duchy by Napoleon in
 1806, in favour of the Elector of Mayence.]
 
-[Footnote 12: A large Belgian town, seven kilometres from Condé; a
+[Footnote 12: A large Belgian town, seven kilometres from Condé; a
 favourite excursion, on account of the pilgrimage of Bonsecours.]
 
 [Footnote 13:
@@ -901,12 +867,12 @@ favourite excursion, on account of the pilgrimage of Bonsecours.]
  Eh! demande ou sont les perils,
  C'est la qu'est aussi la victoire!'
 
-These are the exact words of the third verse of 'Roland à Roncevaux,' a
+These are the exact words of the third verse of 'Roland à Roncevaux,' a
 song (words and music) by Rouget de L'Isle.]
 
 [Footnote 14: Dumoulin, died of fever at Moscow.--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 15: One of my friends, a Vélite Captain Sabatier, commanded
+[Footnote 15: One of my friends, a Vélite Captain Sabatier, commanded
 the Voltigeurs.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 16: Bourgogne's signature at the end of this chapter shows
@@ -977,11 +943,11 @@ cannon-shots, and all the riff-raff was dispersed through the town.
 Then Murat continued his progress, pressing hard on the Russian
 rear-guard.
 
-The order 'Garde-à-vous!' was now given, preceded by a rolling of drums
+The order 'Garde-à-vous!' was now given, preceded by a rolling of drums
 from the Guard, the signal for entering the town. It was three o'clock
 in the afternoon, and we made our entrance marching in close columns,
 the bands playing in front. I was in the advance guard of thirty men,
-commanded by M. Césarisse, the Lieutenant of our company.
+commanded by M. Césarisse, the Lieutenant of our company.
 
 We had hardly entered the outskirts of the town, when we met several
 of the miserable creatures expelled from the Kremlin; they had all
@@ -1015,7 +981,7 @@ staff.
 
 After passing over the bridge, we marched along a large and beautiful
 street. We were astonished not to see anyone come out--not even a
-lady--to listen to our band playing 'La victoire est à nous.' We
+lady--to listen to our band playing 'La victoire est à nous.' We
 could not understand this total silence, and we imagined that the
 inhabitants, not daring to show themselves, were peeping at us from
 behind their shutters. Here and there we saw a few servants in livery,
@@ -1028,7 +994,7 @@ Just as we stopped, we saw three ladies at a ground-floor window. I
 happened to be on the pavement, and near one of the ladies, who gave me
 a piece of bread as black as a coal, and full of long pieces of straw.
 I thanked her, and in return gave her a bit of white bread, which I had
-just got from Mother Dubois, our _cantinière_. The lady blushed, and I
+just got from Mother Dubois, our _cantinière_. The lady blushed, and I
 laughed; then she touched my arm--I cannot tell why--and I went on my
 way.
 
@@ -1072,7 +1038,7 @@ left to shelter the army, and, even supposing all the houses had been
 burnt, there were the cellars remaining. At seven o'clock the fire
 reached the back of the Governor's palace. The Colonel gave orders that
 a patrol of fifteen men should leave at once. I was among them. M.
-Césarisse came with us, and took command. We went in the direction of
+Césarisse came with us, and took command. We went in the direction of
 the fire, but we had hardly gone three hundred steps before we heard
 some firing on our right. We did not pay much attention, thinking it
 was only a few drunken soldiers; but fifty steps further we heard it
@@ -1190,13 +1156,13 @@ work, and they were obliged to kill him.
 
 Further on we heard cries from some women calling in French for help;
 we went into the house from whence the cries came, believing that the
-women must be _cantinières_ taken by the Russians. But on entering we
+women must be _cantinières_ taken by the Russians. But on entering we
 saw spread about here and there several costumes of different kinds,
 all very costly, and two ladies of very dishevelled appearance came
 running up to us. They had with them a boy of twelve or fifteen. They
 begged our protection against the soldiers of the Russian police, who
 were going to burn their house without giving them time to take away
-their possessions. Amongst their things were Cæsar's mantle, Brutus's
+their possessions. Amongst their things were Cæsar's mantle, Brutus's
 helmet, and Joan of Arc's cuirass: for the ladies told us that they
 were actresses and Frenchwomen, but that their husbands had been forced
 to serve in the Russian army. For the time we were able to stop the
@@ -1324,7 +1290,7 @@ even the convicts. He is the patron saint of Russia.
 When we had passed through the first enclosure we turned to the right,
 and after crossing a street with much difficulty, on account of the
 disorder caused by a fire which had just burst out in some houses where
-the _cantinières_ of the Guard were lodged, we reached a high wall
+the _cantinières_ of the Guard were lodged, we reached a high wall
 topped by great towers with golden eagles on them. Passing through
 a large gateway, we found ourselves in a courtyard and opposite the
 palace. The Emperor had been there since the day before; the 14th and
@@ -1355,11 +1321,11 @@ for now the fire had spread all round the Kremlin, and the violence
 of the wind blew bits of red-hot wood against our legs, forcing us to
 shelter in a cellar where several men had taken refuge already. We
 stayed there for some time, and when we came out, we met the Guards
-going to the Peterskoë Palace, whither the Emperor had now to betake
+going to the Peterskoë Palace, whither the Emperor had now to betake
 himself. Only the first battalion of the 2nd Chasseurs remained at
 the Kremlin. It kept back the fire from the palace, for the Emperor
 returned there on the 18th. I forgot to say that the Prince of
-Neufchâtel, wishing to see the extent of the fire round the Kremlin,
+Neufchâtel, wishing to see the extent of the fire round the Kremlin,
 had mounted with an officer on one of the battlements of the palace,
 and had been nearly blown over by the fearful wind.
 
@@ -1458,7 +1424,7 @@ direction, as pillage[18] was to be allowed, but enjoining as much
 order as possible. So I set out on my third night's expedition. We
 crossed a wide street leading from our Place, which had been preserved
 from the fire, and here many superior officers and a large number of
-army employés had quartered themselves. We walked through several other
+army employés had quartered themselves. We walked through several other
 streets, where nothing was left but piles of sheet-iron off the roofs;
 the wind of the day before had swept them clean of cinders.
 
@@ -1606,7 +1572,7 @@ satisfaction and delight, that everything was left in the house. We
 found all kinds of preserved fruits and liqueurs and a quantity of
 sugar, but what astonished us most of all was the finding of three
 large sacks of flour. Our surprise was greater still on seeing some
-pots of mustard from the street of St. André des Arts, Paris.
+pots of mustard from the street of St. André des Arts, Paris.
 
 We hastily emptied the shop, and made a store of everything in the
 middle of the street we occupied, until we could transport it all to
@@ -1634,7 +1600,7 @@ bodies quite burnt and withered up.
 On the same day (the 18th) we were taken off duty, and we took
 possession of our quarters in a fine street hitherto preserved from
 fire, not far from the first enclosure of the Kremlin. Our company
-had a large café assigned to it; one of the rooms contained two
+had a large café assigned to it; one of the rooms contained two
 billiard-tables. The non-commissioned officers were quartered in
 a boyar's house, which occupied the first floor. Our men took the
 billiard-tables to pieces to make room, and some of them made capes for
@@ -1791,7 +1757,7 @@ bravely, and, striking his breast, he seemed to defy his executioners.
 A few hours afterwards our prisoners met with the same fate.
 
 I spent the day quietly enough, but at seven o'clock the
-Adjutant-Major, Delaître, ordered me to surrender myself at a place
+Adjutant-Major, Delaître, ordered me to surrender myself at a place
 he named to me for having allowed three prisoners entrusted to me to
 escape. I made what excuses I could, and went to the place indicated;
 other non-commissioned officers were there already. I reflected that
@@ -2002,9 +1968,9 @@ know they were paid in advance for six months, in order to convince the
 Russians that we were going to remain for the winter.
 
 On the 27th I was agreeably surprised to meet two of my fellow-townsmen
-coming to see me. These were Flament, from Peruwelz, vélite in the
-Dragoon Guards, and Mellé, a dragoon from the same regiment, from
-Condé. They were very welcome, for that day we felt merry, so we
+coming to see me. These were Flament, from Peruwelz, vélite in the
+Dragoon Guards, and Mellé, a dragoon from the same regiment, from
+Condé. They were very welcome, for that day we felt merry, so we
 invited them to dine and spend the evening with us. In the men's
 various foraging expeditions, they found a quantity of men's and
 women's costumes of all nations, even French dresses of the time of
@@ -2024,13 +1990,13 @@ disguised. First of all we dressed up the Russian women as French
 Marquises; as they knew nothing of the business, Flament and I
 superintended their toilette. Our two Russian tailors were dressed as
 Chinese, I as a Russian boyar, Flament as a Marquis--each of us in
-different costume, even our _cantinière_, Mother Dubois, who wore a
+different costume, even our _cantinière_, Mother Dubois, who wore a
 beautiful Russian national dress. As we had no wigs for our Marquises,
 the regimental perruquier dressed their hair. For grease he used suet,
 and flour for powder. They looked splendid, and when everyone was ready
 we began to dance. I forgot to say that during all this time we drank
-a great deal of punch dealt out to us by Mellé, the old dragoon. Our
-Marquises and the _cantinière_, although they could stand a good deal,
+a great deal of punch dealt out to us by Mellé, the old dragoon. Our
+Marquises and the _cantinière_, although they could stand a good deal,
 were beginning to feel their heads swim in consequence of the large
 quantity they had swallowed.
 
@@ -2243,7 +2209,7 @@ Then there were my powder-flask, my firearms, and sixteen cartridges
 in my cartridge-case. Add to all this a fair amount of health, good
 spirits, and the hope of presenting my respects to the Mongol, Chinese
 and Indian ladies I hoped to meet, and you will have a very good idea
-of the Vélite sergeant of the Imperial Guard.
+of the Vélite sergeant of the Imperial Guard.
 
 I had scarcely finished reviewing my treasures[22], when in front
 of us we heard a report of firearms: we were ordered to set off in
@@ -2315,7 +2281,7 @@ taken back to France in a sledge.
 
 I remember that, just after this incident, the Emperor was talking
 to Murat, laughing at the narrow escape he had had of being taken.
-Monfort, the Grenadier-vélite from Valenciennes, again distinguished
+Monfort, the Grenadier-vélite from Valenciennes, again distinguished
 himself, killing and wounding many Cossacks.
 
 We waited for some time longer in this place, and then resumed our
@@ -2325,7 +2291,7 @@ during the night.
 
 On the 28th we started very early, and during the day, after passing
 over a little river, we arrived at the famous battlefield (the
-Moskowa), covered all over with the dead, and with débris of all
+Moskowa), covered all over with the dead, and with débris of all
 kinds. Legs, arms, and heads lay on the ground. Most of the bodies
 were Russians, as ours had been buried, as far as possible; but, as
 everything had been very hastily done, the heavy rain had uncovered
@@ -2379,7 +2345,7 @@ road--books such as Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Buffon's
 
 I had the good fortune that day to obtain a bearskin coat found by
 a man in our company in a broken-up waggon. On the same day our
-_cantinière_ lost her cart containing our provisions, and our beautiful
+_cantinière_ lost her cart containing our provisions, and our beautiful
 silver punch-bowl of so many pleasant memories.
 
 On the 30th we got to Viasma--called by our men Ville au Schnaps, on
@@ -2390,7 +2356,7 @@ I forgot to say that before arriving at this town we made a halt, and
 while I was resting near a little pine wood I met a sergeant in the
 Chasseurs of the Guard, whom I knew.[24] He had taken advantage of
 a ready-made fire to cook a potful of rice, and invited me to share
-it. He had with him a _cantinière_ of the regiment--a Hungarian. They
+it. He had with him a _cantinière_ of the regiment--a Hungarian. They
 were the best friends possible. She still had her cart with two horses
 intact, well filled with provisions, furs, and silver. I stayed for
 more than an hour with them. While I was there a non-commissioned
@@ -2404,7 +2370,7 @@ myself--this I refused. This took place not a hundred yards from our
 resting-place. We learnt some days afterwards, that, having no food for
 the rest, they had been abandoned.
 
-The sergeant and _cantinière_ of whom I spoke afterwards lost
+The sergeant and _cantinière_ of whom I spoke afterwards lost
 everything they had at Wilna, and were both taken prisoners.
 
 On November 1st we slept near a wood, as we had done the preceding
@@ -2419,7 +2385,7 @@ officers, as many of the men stayed behind to rest and warm themselves
 at the fires made by those in front. As I walked, I saw to my
 right several men from different regiments round a large fire. The
 Adjutant-Major sent me to tell them to follow, and when I got near
-them I recognised Flament, a Dragoon-vélite. He was cooking a piece
+them I recognised Flament, a Dragoon-vélite. He was cooking a piece
 of horseflesh on the point of his sword, and invited me to join him.
 I asked him to follow the column. He said that he would come as soon
 as he had finished his meal, but that he was unfortunately obliged to
@@ -2451,14 +2417,14 @@ seize the English possessions there.--_Author's Note._]
 [Footnote 23: Grangier, a sergeant.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 24: This man's name was Guinard; he was a native of
-Condé.--_Author's Note._]
+Condé.--_Author's Note._]
 
 
 
 
 CHAPTER IV.
 
-DOROGOBOUI--VERMIN--A CANTINIÈRE--HUNGER.
+DOROGOBOUI--VERMIN--A CANTINIÈRE--HUNGER.
 
 
 On the 3rd we stayed at Slawkowo, and saw Russians to the right of us
@@ -2473,7 +2439,7 @@ exceedingly difficult. It was with infinite labour we got so far, and
 for a short time we lost our way.
 
 It was quite eleven o'clock before we made our bivouac. Amongst the
-débris from the houses (for this town had been almost burned down, like
+débris from the houses (for this town had been almost burned down, like
 so many others), we found wood enough to make fires and get thoroughly
 warm. But we had nothing to eat, and we were so horribly tired that we
 had not the strength to go and look for a horse, so we lay down to rest
@@ -2504,7 +2470,7 @@ they had made superhuman efforts in the hope of reaching Smolensk and
 finding food and shelter.
 
 In the evening we stopped near a wood, and the order was given to
-make shelters for the night. Just afterwards our _cantinière_, Madame
+make shelters for the night. Just afterwards our _cantinière_, Madame
 Dubois, the regimental barber's wife, was taken ill, and in the midst
 of the falling snow, with twenty degrees of frost, _i.e._, about ten
 below zero, she was delivered of a fine boy--a miserable position for
@@ -2673,9 +2639,9 @@ Further on it was worse still, as we had to stride over the dead bodies
 left on the road by the regiments going before us. It was worst of all
 for the rear-guard, as these were witnesses of all the horrors left by
 the whole army. The last corps were those commanded by Marshal Ney and
-Davoust, and the army of Italy under Prince Eugène. Daylight appeared
+Davoust, and the army of Italy under Prince Eugène. Daylight appeared
 when we had been marching for about an hour, and, as we had come up
-with the corps in front of us, we halted. Our _cantinière_, Mother
+with the corps in front of us, we halted. Our _cantinière_, Mother
 Dubois, took advantage of the halt to feed her baby, when suddenly we
 heard a cry of anguish. The infant was dead, and as stiff as a piece
 of wood. Those nearest to her tried to comfort her by saying that it
@@ -2862,7 +2828,7 @@ over the other. They seemed to be quite unconscious, and, indeed,
 their sufferings were ended that evening. I think they were all
 three buried by the sappers in the same grave, near Valoutina. The
 Lieutenant-Colonel, reproaching himself for this misfortune, tried at
-Krasnoë and other battles to meet his death; and in January, a few days
+Krasnoë and other battles to meet his death; and in January, a few days
 after our arrival at Elbingen, he died of grief.
 
 This day (November 8th) was a terrible one. We were late at our
@@ -2953,7 +2919,7 @@ thus saved their lives.
 I must relate an act of devotion called forth by this disastrous night,
 when all the powers of hell seemed to be turned loose on us.
 
-The Prince Émile of Hesse-Cassel was with us, and his contingent,
+The Prince Émile of Hesse-Cassel was with us, and his contingent,
 composed of several regiments of cavalry and infantry. Like us, he
 bivouacked on the left side of the road, with the remainder of his
 unfortunate men, now reduced to five or six hundred. About a hundred
@@ -3050,7 +3016,7 @@ caught sight of the thousands of men who had crossed the river on
 the ice. Foot soldiers and cavalry were there from different corps,
 running as fast as they could towards a distant village to get food and
 shelter for the night. We marched on painfully for another hour, and
-in the evening reached the banks of the fatal Boristhène; we crossed
+in the evening reached the banks of the fatal Boristhène; we crossed
 the river, and, worn out with fatigue and almost dying, we were at last
 beneath the walls of the town.
 
@@ -3071,7 +3037,7 @@ the rest would get nothing; so after this the men were careful to
 rejoin their regiments, and choose a head to represent them, as several
 of the old regiments existed no longer. We of the Imperial Guard
 crossed the town with extreme difficulty, worn out with fatigue as we
-were. We had to climb the steep slope which separates the Boristhène
+were. We had to climb the steep slope which separates the Boristhène
 from the other gate; this was covered with ice, and at every step the
 weakest of our men fell and had to be lifted up; others could not walk
 at all.
@@ -3118,7 +3084,7 @@ After resting a little, in spite of the cold and falling snow, I
 went out to look for one of my comrades. He was my best and dearest
 friend; we had been together for seven years, and we had everything in
 common. His name was Grangier.[26] At Viasma he had gone forward with
-a detachment, escorting a waggon belonging to Marshal Bessières, and I
+a detachment, escorting a waggon belonging to Marshal Bessières, and I
 had not seen him since. I heard that he had arrived two days ago, and
 was quartered in one of the faubourgs. The hope of seeing him again,
 and also of sharing his provisions and his quarters, decided me to go
@@ -3141,7 +3107,7 @@ sick men, going round the town by the ramparts, hoping to find an
 easier road. While I was there several wretched men from different
 regiments came also, leaning on their muskets, hardly able to drag
 themselves along. Others, who were still on the farther side of the
-Boristhène, had fallen down in the snow, crying and imploring help.
+Boristhène, had fallen down in the snow, crying and imploring help.
 These German soldiers, however, either did not or would not understand.
 Fortunately, a young officer in command spoke French, and I begged
 him, in common humanity, to send help to these men over the bridge.
@@ -3197,9 +3163,9 @@ troubles!
 
 It was quite eleven o'clock, but I had not given up the search for
 Grangier, even during the night. I asked the officer to direct me
-to where he supposed Marshal Bessières was quartered; but either I
+to where he supposed Marshal Bessières was quartered; but either I
 was misinformed or I did not understand, and I mistook the road. I
-found myself with the rampart on my right, and the Boristhène flowing
+found myself with the rampart on my right, and the Boristhène flowing
 beneath; on my left was a piece of waste ground, on the site of houses
 burnt down. Here and there through the darkness I saw odd beams and
 rafters standing out like shadows on the snow. The road I had taken
@@ -3276,7 +3242,7 @@ ourselves.'
 
 However, the little cask I had seen on the Baden man's shoulders looked
 very like brandy, and I understood when he said in his own language
-that he had taken it from a _cantinière_ in his regiment, who had
+that he had taken it from a _cantinière_ in his regiment, who had
 hidden it when the army came into the town. I concluded from this that
 the man was a new-comer, one of the garrison, and had only joined
 the thieves the day before, choosing, as they had done, to leave his
@@ -3318,7 +3284,7 @@ time to make an excursion. He asked me again if I would go back. I said
 no, but I begged him to show me the way to the faubourg. He signed to
 me to follow him, and crossing the ruins of several houses, he climbed
 up by means of the staircase. I followed him, and when we were on the
-ramparts he made several détours on the pretext of showing me the way,
+ramparts he made several détours on the pretext of showing me the way,
 but I could see that he wanted me to lose all trace of the way to the
 cellar. However, I wished to remember it, as I intended to go back the
 next day with several others to save the poor woman who had begged my
@@ -3327,7 +3293,7 @@ seen at the back of their cursed cellar.
 
 FOOTNOTES:
 
-[Footnote 26: Sergeant-vélite in the same regiment as myself, the
+[Footnote 26: Sergeant-vélite in the same regiment as myself, the
 Fusilier-Grenadiers.--_Author's Note._]
 
 
@@ -3336,7 +3302,7 @@ Fusilier-Grenadiers.--_Author's Note._]
 CHAPTER VI.
 
   A DISTURBED NIGHT--I FIND MY FRIENDS AGAIN--WE LEAVE SMOLENSK--A
-  NECESSARY CORRECTION--THE BATTLE OF KRASNOË--MELLÉ THE DRAGOON.
+  NECESSARY CORRECTION--THE BATTLE OF KRASNOË--MELLÉ THE DRAGOON.
 
 
 My guide disappeared suddenly, and I was at a total loss as to my
@@ -3379,7 +3345,7 @@ in the direction of the sounds--up the steep ascent. When I got to
 the top, I took a few steps, and then stopped--just in time! another
 step, and I should have been done for--I should have fallen from top
 to bottom of the rampart, more than fifty feet, on to the banks of the
-Boristhène. Horrified at my narrow escape, I drew back a few steps,
+Boristhène. Horrified at my narrow escape, I drew back a few steps,
 and stopped to listen, but I did not hear the sound again. I began
 walking once more, and, turning to the left, fortunately found the
 beaten track. Slowly and cautiously I advanced, holding my head well
@@ -3400,7 +3366,7 @@ glad to find a human being when I thought I was quite alone, and I went
 in the direction of the voice. The nearer I got to it, the better I
 seemed to recognise it, and at last I cried:
 
-'Is it you, Béloque?'[27]
+'Is it you, Béloque?'[27]
 
 'Yes,' he called back.
 
@@ -3430,14 +3396,14 @@ The poor fellows were lying on a sheepskin, propped up one against
 another, and covered with the cloak and coat of a dead man. They seemed
 in a terrible condition.
 
-'I am afraid,' Béloque said, 'that we shall not have the trouble of
+'I am afraid,' Béloque said, 'that we shall not have the trouble of
 taking them away.'
 
 We heard them murmur and breathe from time to time, but these were the
 last efforts of dying men.
 
 While the fearful death-rattle was going on near us, the aerial music
-began again, but this time much nearer. I called Béloque's attention to
+began again, but this time much nearer. I called Béloque's attention to
 it, and told him of the strange things which had happened to me when
 I heard the sounds before. And then he said that at intervals he had
 heard the music too, and could not make it out. Sometimes it made an
@@ -3471,11 +3437,11 @@ set out.
 It was now past one o'clock: the wind had dropped, and the cold in
 consequence was not so great, but I was so worn out that I could walk
 no longer; and besides, I was so terribly tired that several times
-Béloque found me standing asleep in the road. He had told me where to
+Béloque found me standing asleep in the road. He had told me where to
 find Grangier; the men of his company in charge of the only cart the
 Marshal had left remaining had seen their comrades, and had recognised
 the cart placed at the Marshal's door. When we got to the place where
-we left the rampart, I parted from the funeral cortège, and decided to
+we left the rampart, I parted from the funeral cortège, and decided to
 follow the new way pointed out to me.
 
 I had not been alone a minute, when the cursed music started again. I
@@ -3498,7 +3464,7 @@ felt the ground uneven under my feet, and had to steady myself with my
 musket. I then became aware of the fact that more than 200 dead bodies
 lay on the ground, barely covered with snow. As I stumbled along,
 picking my way among the legs and arms of the bodies, a melancholy
-chant arose--like the Office for the Dead. Béloque's words came back to
+chant arose--like the Office for the Dead. Béloque's words came back to
 me, and I broke out into a cold sweat, not knowing where I was and what
 I was about. I found myself at last leaning against the church wall.
 
@@ -3572,7 +3538,7 @@ lived on any horses we could find.
 
 When I got ready to go back to my regiment it was seven o'clock. I
 told the fourteen men that were there that they must collect together
-and arrive in good order. We first had some very good _purée de cheval
+and arrive in good order. We first had some very good _purée de cheval
 au riz_. After that, giving them the bag containing the Jew's fur
 capes to carry, we left the church, which was already filling with
 new-comers--some miserable wretches who had spent the night where they
@@ -3583,7 +3549,7 @@ walked over them as if they had been wood, so stiff were they frozen.
 
 When we reached the road I told my men of my adventure in the cellar,
 and proposed to go there, and they agreed. We found the way quite
-easily, for we had as sign-posts first the man whom Béloque had left
+easily, for we had as sign-posts first the man whom Béloque had left
 dead, and then the dragoon over whom I had fallen, and who, I now saw,
 was without his cloak and his boots. After passing the gun-carriages
 where I nearly fell fatally asleep, we reached the cross I had made in
@@ -3672,12 +3638,12 @@ he got up, and, coming nearer to me, he said:
 'No,' I said.
 
 We had recognised and embraced each other without pronouncing a
-name. It was Beaulieu,[28] my messmate in the Vélites when we were at
+name. It was Beaulieu,[28] my messmate in the Vélites when we were at
 Fontainebleau.
 
 How much we had both altered, and how wretched our condition now! I had
 not seen him since the Battle of Wagram, when he had left the Guard, to
-pass as an officer into the line, with other Vélites.
+pass as an officer into the line, with other Vélites.
 
 I asked him after his regiment; for answer he pointed out the eagle to
 me in the middle of a pile of arms. There were thirty-three of them
@@ -3693,7 +3659,7 @@ one could possibly give.
 
 On the morning of the 14th, the Emperor left Smolensk with the
 Grenadiers and Chasseurs; we followed a short time after as rear-guard,
-leaving behind us the corps belonging to Prince Eugène, Davoust, and
+leaving behind us the corps belonging to Prince Eugène, Davoust, and
 Ney, reduced to lamentably small numbers. On first leaving the town
 we crossed the Sacred Field, so called by the Russians. A little past
 Korouitnia[29] we came upon a deep ravine; here we had to wait while
@@ -3730,7 +3696,7 @@ and kidneys from a horse, and enjoyed it greatly. We devoured our rice
 only half cooked, and hastened to join our regiment, which had passed
 us. That night the Emperor slept at Korouitnia, and we in a wood a
 short distance off. The next day we set out very early, so as to reach
-Krasnoë; but before we could get so far, the front of the Imperial
+Krasnoë; but before we could get so far, the front of the Imperial
 columns was stopped by 25,000 Russians occupying the road. Stragglers
 at the front caught sight of them first, and immediately turned back to
 join the first regiments advancing; the greater part of them, however,
@@ -3749,17 +3715,17 @@ An incident occurred at this time about which I cannot keep silence,
 and I have heard the same incident entirely differently related. What
 they say is this: That when, on first catching sight of the Russians,
 the first regiments of the Guard were grouped round the Emperor,
-marching as if no enemy were before them, the band played the air 'Où
-peut-on être mieux qu'au sein de sa famille?' and that the Emperor
+marching as if no enemy were before them, the band played the air 'Où
+peut-on être mieux qu'au sein de sa famille?' and that the Emperor
 stopped the music, ordering to be played instead 'Veillons au salut de
 l'Empire!'
 
 The incident did happen, but in quite a different fashion, as it
-was at Smolensk, on the day of our departure. The Prince Neuchâtel,
+was at Smolensk, on the day of our departure. The Prince Neuchâtel,
 then Minister of War, seeing that no orders for departure came from
 the Emperor, and that the whole army was in despair at being kept in
 such a wretched position, collected some men from the bands under the
-Emperor's window, and told them to play the air 'Où peut-on être mieux
+Emperor's window, and told them to play the air 'Où peut-on être mieux
 qu'au sein de sa famille?' They had scarcely begun, when the Emperor
 appeared on the balcony, and ordered them to play 'Veillons au salut de
 l'Empire!' The men were forced to play it as best they could, in spite
@@ -3771,14 +3737,14 @@ This, on the other hand, was quite a possibility at Smolensk, as there
 were fires where they could get warm.
 
 In two hours after the encounter with the Russians, the Emperor
-reached Krasnoë with the first regiments of the Guard--ours and the
+reached Krasnoë with the first regiments of the Guard--ours and the
 Fusiliers-Chasseurs. We camped behind the town. I was on guard with
 fifteen men at General Roguet's quarters: a miserable house in the
 town, thatched with straw. I put my men in a stable, thinking myself
 in luck to be under cover, and near a fire we had just lighted, but it
 turned out quite otherwise.
 
-While we were in Krasnoë and the immediate neighbourhood, the Russians,
+While we were in Krasnoë and the immediate neighbourhood, the Russians,
 90,000 strong, surrounded us--to right, to left, in front, and behind,
 nothing but Russians--thinking, no doubt, they could soon finish us
 off. But the Emperor wished to show them it was not quite so easy a
@@ -3843,7 +3809,7 @@ rear came up behind, so that they were taken between two fires, and in
 five minutes not one was left alive. This was a stratagem the Russians
 often employed, but this time it was not successful.
 
-Poor Béloque was the first man we lost; he had foretold his death at
+Poor Béloque was the first man we lost; he had foretold his death at
 Smolensk. A ball struck his head, and killed him on the spot. He was a
 great favourite with us all, and, in spite of the indifference we now
 felt about everything, we were really sorry to lose him.
@@ -3953,7 +3919,7 @@ Gilet had his leg broken by a ball, and died a few days afterwards. The
 sharp-shooters (skirmishers) and the light companies lost more men than
 we.
 
-During the morning I met Captain Débonnez, who came from my country and
+During the morning I met Captain Débonnez, who came from my country and
 commanded a company in the Guards. He was looking for me to see if I
 were all safe. He said he had lost the third of his company, besides a
 Sub-Lieutenant and his Sergeant-Major.
@@ -3965,12 +3931,12 @@ however, all the time, neither being able to rest a moment nor even to
 warm ourselves.
 
 During the day, while we were all talking together of our miserable
-discomfort and of the night's battle, the Adjutant-Major, Delaître,
+discomfort and of the night's battle, the Adjutant-Major, Delaître,
 came up. He was the worst man I have ever known and the cruellest,
 doing wrong for the mere pleasure of doing it. He began to talk, and,
-greatly to our surprise, seemed much troubled by Béloque's tragic death.
+greatly to our surprise, seemed much troubled by Béloque's tragic death.
 
-'Poor Béloque!' he said; 'I am very sorry I ever behaved badly to him.'
+'Poor Béloque!' he said; 'I am very sorry I ever behaved badly to him.'
 
 Just then a voice in my ear (what voice I never knew) said:
 
@@ -3997,9 +3963,9 @@ Walking with firm steps, as if on a grand parade day, he placed himself
 in the midst of the field of battle, opposite the enemy's batteries.
 
 I was with two of my friends, Grangier and Leboude, behind
-Adjutant-Major Delaître. We were within half-range of the Russian
+Adjutant-Major Delaître. We were within half-range of the Russian
 artillery, and directly they caught sight of us they opened fire.
-Adjutant-Major Delaître was the first man to fall; a ball had taken
+Adjutant-Major Delaître was the first man to fall; a ball had taken
 off his legs, just above his knees and his long riding-boots. He fell
 without a cry, nor did he utter one at all. He was leading his horse,
 the bridle on his right arm. We stopped, as he filled up the path we
@@ -4022,7 +3988,7 @@ Our men died without moving, and until two o'clock in the afternoon we
 maintained this dreadful position.
 
 The Russians sent a part of their army to take up a position on the
-road beyond Krasnoë, and to cut off our retreat; but the Emperor
+road beyond Krasnoë, and to cut off our retreat; but the Emperor
 anticipated them by sending a battalion of the Old Guard there.
 
 While we stood thus exposed to the enemy's fire, our numbers
@@ -4055,10 +4021,10 @@ Colonel himself,[30] covered with wounds, was made prisoner, with
 several other officers.
 
 I must not omit to say that as we were getting into order of battle,
-the Colonel had given the word of command: 'Drapeaux, guides généraux
+the Colonel had given the word of command: 'Drapeaux, guides généraux
 sur la ligne!'
 
-I was therefore _guide général_ on the right of our regiment. But they
+I was therefore _guide général_ on the right of our regiment. But they
 omitted to give the order for our return, and as I made it a point of
 honour to remain at my post, there I stayed for more than an hour,
 holding the butt-end of my musket in the air, and in spite of the
@@ -4116,12 +4082,12 @@ guns, all the horses being killed, and follow our retreat, taking
 advantage of what shelter he could find behind houses or banks as he
 went.
 
-We were scarcely within the town of Krasnoë when the Russians, their
+We were scarcely within the town of Krasnoë when the Russians, their
 guns mounted on sledges, took up a position near the outlying houses,
 and opened a fire of grape-shot on us. Three men of our company were
 wounded. A ball, which grazed my musket and split the stock, struck
 a young drummer on the head and killed him on the spot. The town of
-Krasnoë is divided in two by a deep hollow, which must be crossed.
+Krasnoë is divided in two by a deep hollow, which must be crossed.
 Arrived there, we saw at the bottom a herd of oxen dead of cold and
 hunger. So stiff were they frozen, that our sappers could scarcely cut
 them up with hatchets. Only their heads were visible, their eyes still
@@ -4149,17 +4115,17 @@ Russians, and left in that condition. We were luckily able to save the
 poor fellows--at least, for the time, and we spared all we could to
 cover them.
 
-That night the Emperor slept at Liadouï, a village built of wood. Our
+That night the Emperor slept at Liadouï, a village built of wood. Our
 regiment camped a little further off. As I passed through the village I
 stopped near a wretched hovel to warm myself at a fire. There I had the
 good fortune to meet Sergeant Guignard again--from my own village--and
-his Hungarian _cantinière_. They gave me a little oatmeal broth and
+his Hungarian _cantinière_. They gave me a little oatmeal broth and
 some horseflesh. I was badly in want of the food, as I was shockingly
 weak, having eaten hardly anything for two days. The sergeant told me
 that their regiment had suffered considerably in the battle, and their
 numbers were much diminished, but not nearly as greatly as ours; that
 he had thought much of me, and was heartily glad to see me again with
-a whole skin. He asked me after Captain Débonnez, but I had not seen
+a whole skin. He asked me after Captain Débonnez, but I had not seen
 him since the 16th. I left him to go back to my regiment, encamped near
 the highroad. We spent a dreadful night; there was a high wind, and
 half-melted snow was falling, which wetted us through, and we had very
@@ -4168,7 +4134,7 @@ through afterwards.
 
 During this dreadful night many of the sharp-shooters came to warm
 themselves at our fire. I asked them for news of several of my friends,
-especially of two from my part who were in the Vélites with me. One was
+especially of two from my part who were in the Vélites with me. One was
 M. Alexandre Legrand, of the Quatre fils Aymon at Valenciennes; and
 the other, M. Laporte, from Cassel, near Lille, had been killed by a
 grape-shot.
@@ -4184,7 +4150,7 @@ helmet of a Russian Cuirassier whom he had killed the day before. He
 had brought away from the enemy's camp a bundle of straw and a little
 flour, and had wounded one sentinel and knocked down another, whom he
 made prisoner and brought along with him. This brave fellow was called
-Mellé, and he came from Condé. He stayed with us for the rest of the
+Mellé, and he came from Condé. He stayed with us for the rest of the
 night. He said that he had run this risk for his horse, called Cadet,
 and not for himself; at any cost he had determined to get the animal
 some food. 'If I save my horse, he will save me afterwards.' This
@@ -4198,14 +4164,14 @@ together, in Spain in 1808, in Germany in 1809, in Spain again 1810-11,
 and in Russia 1812; afterwards in Saxony in 1813, and France 1814. The
 poor horse was finally killed at Waterloo, after being through more
 than twelve great battles commanded by the Emperor, and over thirty
-smaller engagements. I met Mellé again during this wretched campaign
+smaller engagements. I met Mellé again during this wretched campaign
 on a lake breaking a hole in the ice with a hatchet to get water for
 his horse; and another time I saw him at the top of a burning barn, in
 peril of his life, getting straw from the roof for him, for the horses
 were as badly off as we were. The poor animals had to gnaw at the trees
 to feed themselves, until in their turn they fed us.
 
-After this others followed Mellé's example and got into the Russian
+After this others followed Mellé's example and got into the Russian
 camp for provisions. Many of them were seized, and died afterwards.
 Our destitution was now so great that our men left their regiments
 at the least sign of a road in the faint hope of its leading to some
@@ -4223,11 +4189,11 @@ through.
 
 FOOTNOTES:
 
-[Footnote 27: Béloque was one of my friends, a sergeant-vélite like
+[Footnote 27: Béloque was one of my friends, a sergeant-vélite like
 me.--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 28: Beaulieu was from Condé, in Valenciennes, my native
-country. When I came out of prison in 1814, his sister, Mme. Vasté,
+[Footnote 28: Beaulieu was from Condé, in Valenciennes, my native
+country. When I came out of prison in 1814, his sister, Mme. Vasté,
 told me that her unfortunate brother had been killed by a bullet at
 Dresden.--_Author's Note._]
 
@@ -4246,7 +4212,7 @@ CHAPTER VII.
   MY COMRADES--DRAMATIC SCENE--MEETING WITH PICARD.
 
 
-On November 18, the day after the Battle of Krasnoë, we set out very
+On November 18, the day after the Battle of Krasnoë, we set out very
 early from our bivouac. The march was a sad and weary one, and terribly
 tiring. There was a thaw; our feet were wet through; and all day the
 fog was so thick we could see nothing. Our men were still in some
@@ -4255,7 +4221,7 @@ abandonment of their imploring comrades had demoralized them; the same
 fate, no doubt, they thought was in store for them.
 
 I was terribly tired that day. One of the men in our company named
-Labbé, seeing that I could scarcely walk, offered to carry my knapsack
+Labbé, seeing that I could scarcely walk, offered to carry my knapsack
 for me, as he had lost his own the day before. I gave it to him, as I
 knew he was honest; but it was like trusting my life in his hands, as
 the knapsack contained more than a pound of rice and oatmeal, picked
@@ -4269,12 +4235,12 @@ of the company, keeping an eye, as far as possible, on the man with
 my knapsack, and sometimes regretting that I had given it up, and
 resolving to get it back when we stopped for the night. When night
 came, it was so dark that it was impossible to see anything. I called
-out 'Labbé! Labbé!' and I heard him answer, 'Here, sergeant!' but when
+out 'Labbé! Labbé!' and I heard him answer, 'Here, sergeant!' but when
 I called again later, one of our men told me that he had just fallen
 down, and was probably following the regiment. I did not worry myself
 about it, as in a short time we should be obliged to come to a halt,
 and take up a position for the night. When we did so, the whole army
-was collected, except Marshal Ney's _corps d'armée_, which had dropped
+was collected, except Marshal Ney's _corps d'armée_, which had dropped
 behind, and which we feared was lost.
 
 Everyone did as best he could during this wretched night. Several of
@@ -4329,14 +4295,14 @@ from some stores found there. We found a pontoon train, and a great
 deal of artillery, horses and harness; and by an extraordinary fatality
 we burned the boats forming the bridges, in order to make use of the
 horses to draw the guns. We little knew what was in store for us at the
-Bérézina, where the bridge would have been of untold service to us.
+Bérézina, where the bridge would have been of untold service to us.
 
 We were now only seven or eight thousand men in the Guard, the remnant
 of 35,000. Although most of us marched in order, a good many straggled
 painfully behind. As I have already said, the Emperor and part of the
 Guard stayed in the town, and the rest of the army camped outside.
 During the night Marshal Ney arrived with the remainder of his _corps
-d'armée_.
+d'armée_.
 
 Two or three thousand remained to him out of 7,000. The Emperor's joy
 was unbounded when he heard that the Marshal was safe.
@@ -4357,7 +4323,7 @@ On the 22nd, after a wretched night, we set out very early, walking
 with great difficulty over a thawed, muddy road. At mid-day we reached
 Toloczin, where the Emperor had slept. We halted at the other side of
 the town, and drew up by the side of the road. While we were there M.
-Césarisse, an officer in our company, told me that he had seen Labbé
+Césarisse, an officer in our company, told me that he had seen Labbé
 near a fire busy frying biscuits, and that he had ordered him to join
 his regiment. He answered that he was coming directly, but a horde of
 Cossacks came and took possession of the sledges, and most probably he
@@ -4376,7 +4342,7 @@ woman, dressed in a soldier's cloak, looking curiously at me, and I
 could not help thinking I had seen her before. She recognised me by
 my bearskin, and being the first to speak, she said she had seen me
 at Smolensk. I remembered her as the woman in the cellar. She told me
-that the brigands had been taken at Krasnoë, before we got there; that
+that the brigands had been taken at Krasnoë, before we got there; that
 they were in a house where they had beaten her, because she would not
 wash their shirts, and she had gone out to get water. She had seen
 some Russians and had run away. As for the brigands, they had fought
@@ -4403,7 +4369,7 @@ I heard the drums beating. I told the woman to follow me, and wait for
 me on the road.
 
 When I joined my company, the sergeant-major asked me if I had found
-Labbé and the knapsack. I said no, and that I had given up all idea of
+Labbé and the knapsack. I said no, and that I had given up all idea of
 finding them, but that instead I had found a woman.
 
 'A woman!' he exclaimed; 'what is the good of that? She can't wash your
@@ -4415,10 +4381,10 @@ linen for you, as you have not got any.'
 
 'She will do as I do.'
 
-Just then the Emperor came past with King Murat and Prince Eugène. The
+Just then the Emperor came past with King Murat and Prince Eugène. The
 Emperor then placed himself amongst the Grenadiers and Chasseurs and
 made them an address, telling them that the Russians were waiting for
-us at the crossing of the Bérézina, and had sworn that not one of us
+us at the crossing of the Bérézina, and had sworn that not one of us
 should pass over. Then, drawing his sword and raising his voice, he
 cried:
 
@@ -4438,7 +4404,7 @@ column began to move.
 
 I had not forgotten my 'wife,' and while waiting for the regiment to
 start I went in search of her, but she was nowhere to be seen. She had
-been engulfed in the torrent of Prince Eugène's thousands. They and the
+been engulfed in the torrent of Prince Eugène's thousands. They and the
 corps belonging to Marshals Ney and Davoust were in complete disorder;
 three-quarters of them were sick and wounded, and the rest utterly
 demoralized and indifferent to everything.
@@ -4457,19 +4423,19 @@ I found myself bereft both of her and of my knapsack.
 Walking thus with the rabble, I had got far in advance of my regiment,
 and I stopped to rest by a fire left from a bivouac.
 
-Up to the Battle of Krasnoë, I had managed to keep up my spirits, in
+Up to the Battle of Krasnoë, I had managed to keep up my spirits, in
 spite of all the miseries I had to endure. I felt that the greater
 the danger and suffering, the greater the glory and honour, and my
 patience had astonished my comrades. But since the terrible encounters
-at Krasnoë, and, above all, since the news that two of my friends
-(besides Béloque and Capon) had been, one killed and the other mortally
+at Krasnoë, and, above all, since the news that two of my friends
+(besides Béloque and Capon) had been, one killed and the other mortally
 wounded--(_sic_).
 
 To complete my misery, a sledge came up and stopped close to me. I
 asked who the wounded man was, and they told me it was an officer of
 their regiment. It turned out to be poor Legrand, who related to me the
 way he had been wounded. His comrade, Laporte, from Cassel, near Lille,
-had stayed behind invalided at Krasnoë; but hearing that his regiment
+had stayed behind invalided at Krasnoë; but hearing that his regiment
 was fighting, he set out to join it. Hardly, however, had he taken his
 place in the ranks, when he had both his legs broken. Legrand, seeing
 Laporte arrive, came to speak to him, and the same shot wounded him in
@@ -4497,7 +4463,7 @@ hours of the night we heard the weak, worn-out voices of new arrivals
 calling out 'Fourth Corps!' 'First Corps!' 'Third Corps!' 'Imperial
 Guard!' and then the voices of others lying down with no strength left,
 forcing themselves to answer, 'Here, comrades!' They were not trying
-any longer to find their regiments, but simply the _corps d'armée_ to
+any longer to find their regiments, but simply the _corps d'armée_ to
 which they had belonged, and which now included the strength of two
 regiments at most, where a fortnight earlier there had been thirty.
 
@@ -4517,7 +4483,7 @@ my bearskin cloak. It was Grangier come to tell me that the regiment
 was passing; but my eyes were so worn out that I could not see him,
 even looking straight at him.
 
-[Illustration: ON THE HIGH ROAD FROM MOJAISKA TO KRYMSKOÏE, SEPTEMBER
+[Illustration: ON THE HIGH ROAD FROM MOJAISKA TO KRYMSKO�E, SEPTEMBER
 18, 1812.
 
   _From a sketch made at the time by an officer of Napoleon's army._]
@@ -4592,7 +4558,7 @@ Either the moon or a faint Northern Light appeared in the sky at
 intervals. Black clouds shot swiftly across this light, but when it
 was clear it enabled me to distinguish one object from another. I saw
 far off a black mass which I imagined to be the immense forest we had
-to cross before reaching the Bérézina, for now we were in Lithuania. I
+to cross before reaching the Bérézina, for now we were in Lithuania. I
 made a guess that this forest was perhaps a league off.
 
 Unfortunately a terrible sleepiness, the certain forerunner of death,
@@ -4742,7 +4708,7 @@ passing my hand over his face, I found it quite cold, and the piece of
 ice I had given him still between his lips. His sufferings were over.
 
 I now prepared to leave, but waited to take another look at the dead
-woman, thinking it might be Marie the _cantinière_, whom I knew well as
+woman, thinking it might be Marie the _cantinière_, whom I knew well as
 coming from my native country. I looked at her carefully by the light
 of the moon, and satisfied myself that it was not she.
 
@@ -4763,7 +4729,7 @@ My eyes, however, became accustomed to the dark, and I could soon see
 well enough to go on, but all at once I discovered I was not on the
 same road. In naturally trying to avoid the north wind, I had turned my
 back to it. My opinion was confirmed by my not seeing any of the army
-débris on the road.
+débris on the road.
 
 I cannot say for how long I had been walking in this new direction,
 when I saw that I had got to the edge of a precipice. I made the
@@ -4788,7 +4754,7 @@ of wood, and with much difficulty got them alight. Very soon flames
 crackled up, and in a minute or two I had quite a large fire.
 
 I could now see for several yards round me, and I caught sight of
-some large letters on the waggon, 'Garde Impériale. État Major.' Over
+some large letters on the waggon, 'Garde Impériale. État Major.' Over
 the inscription was the eagle. As far as I could see, the ground was
 covered with helmets, shakos, swords, cuirasses, broken chests, empty
 portmanteaus, bits of torn clothing, saddles, costly schabraques, and
@@ -4941,8 +4907,8 @@ there was a bottle of brandy; but they quarrelled over it, and it was
 broken and the brandy spilt.'
 
 I said I should like to see the place where it happened, and when he
-showed me I gathered up some snow _à l'eau de vie_, just as before I
-had collected horse's blood _à la glace_.
+showed me I gathered up some snow _à l'eau de vie_, just as before I
+had collected horse's blood _à la glace_.
 
 'That's good,' said Picart. 'I never thought of doing that. I think we
 can manage to get drunk, as there were several bottles in the waggon.'
@@ -4960,7 +4926,7 @@ FOOTNOTES:
 [Footnote 32: Birches in Russia grow to a great height.--_Author's
 Note._]
 
-[Footnote 33: 'Bon Français.'--_Author's Note._]
+[Footnote 33: 'Bon Français.'--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 34: Except a little bit given me by Grangier at Smolensk, on
 November 12.--_Author's Note._]
@@ -4973,7 +4939,7 @@ CHAPTER VIII.
   I TRAVEL WITH PICART--THE COSSACKS--PICART IS WOUNDED--A CONVOY
   OF FRENCH PRISONERS--A HALT IN A FOREST--POLISH HOSPITALITY--AN
   ATTACK OF INSANITY--WE REJOIN THE ARMY--THE EMPEROR AND THE SACRED
-  BATTALION--THE CROSSING OF THE BÉRÉZINA.
+  BATTALION--THE CROSSING OF THE BÉRÉZINA.
 
 
 Since the Battle of Malo-Jaroslawetz, Picart had been separated from
@@ -4983,7 +4949,7 @@ days' march in advance of the army, and in consequence had not suffered
 anything like the same privations as the rest. As there were only 400
 of them, they had often been able to find provisions, and, besides,
 had means of transport. At Smolensk they had found enough flour and
-biscuits to last for several days. At Krasnoë they had the good luck to
+biscuits to last for several days. At Krasnoë they had the good luck to
 arrive and get away twenty-four hours before the Russians got there.
 At Orcha again they had found flour. In any village they came to there
 were always houses enough available for shelter, if only post-houses
@@ -5060,7 +5026,7 @@ considered the next step to be taken.
 'Perhaps we are making a mistake. Very likely it's the first bugle, or
 our Horse-Grenadiers' reveille--you know the air:
 
- 'Fillettes, auprès des amoureux
+ 'Fillettes, auprès des amoureux
  Tenez bien votre serieux,' etc.
 
 I interrupted Picart by telling him that there had been no first bugle
@@ -5264,7 +5230,7 @@ carried off, too.'
 
 'How the devil do you remember their names?'
 
-'I cannot forget them; Gregoire was a Vélite like me, and a good
+'I cannot forget them; Gregoire was a Vélite like me, and a good
 friend, too. That day I had some biscuits and haricots in the
 saucepan.'
 
@@ -5351,7 +5317,7 @@ We decided to pack and be off as soon as possible; to strike the road
 again, and, if possible, rejoin the army. It was about eleven o'clock;
 thus we had until dark--_i.e._, about four o'clock. The army, I knew,
 could not be far off, as the Russians were waiting for us at the
-crossing of the Bérézina, where all our scattered troops would have to
+crossing of the Bérézina, where all our scattered troops would have to
 collect.
 
 We hurried our preparations as much as possible. Picart filled his
@@ -5365,7 +5331,7 @@ We started then--he with more than fifteen pounds of fresh meat, and I
 carrying the saucepan filled with the meat already cooked. Picart told
 me that he always liked carrying the food on a march in preference to
 other things, as after a few days it diminished greatly in quantity;
-he quoted Æsop as a proof of what he said. As he was talking, we heard
+he quoted Æsop as a proof of what he said. As he was talking, we heard
 musket-shots from the opposite side of the lake. 'Back! Into the wood!'
 said Picart; but the noise soon ceased, and we set out again.
 
@@ -5499,7 +5465,7 @@ but just as we thought we had got rid of them, and I waited for a
 breathing-space, for my legs were beginning to fail under me, Picart
 turned his head, and saw our two friends behind, trying to take us by
 surprise, when we thought they were in front. We re-entered the forest
-quickly, and, making several détours, we returned and saw them walking
+quickly, and, making several détours, we returned and saw them walking
 very softly. Again we took to the forest, running in and out to deceive
 them, and finally returning to hide behind a group of little pine-trees
 covered with snow.
@@ -5538,7 +5504,7 @@ and a pretty little case set in silver, which I recognised as belonging
 to a surgeon in our army. This I hung round my neck, but I threw the
 sword into the brushwood. The Cossack wore two French uniforms under
 his cloak, a Cuirassier's, and a red Lancer's of the Guard, with an
-officer's decoration of the Légion d'Honneur, which Picart promptly
+officer's decoration of the Légion d'Honneur, which Picart promptly
 secured. He wore besides several very fine waistcoats folded in four,
 making a thick breastplate, which no ball could have pierced. In his
 pockets we found more than 300 francs in five-franc pieces, two silver
@@ -5600,7 +5566,7 @@ snow. We now saw a road crossing ours, which we concluded must be the
 highroad, but we had to be careful before entering it. We jumped down,
 and leading the horse, we retired into the forest, in order to examine
 the road without being seen. We soon recognised it as being the road
-leading to the Bérézina, by the vast number of corpses half covered by
+leading to the Bérézina, by the vast number of corpses half covered by
 snow, and footmarks coming towards us; and the traces of blood on the
 snow looked as if a convoy of French prisoners, escorted by Russians,
 had passed not long since.
@@ -5638,7 +5604,7 @@ We went on our way, and when they were out of sight I asked Picart if
 he had understood what the peasants said. Minsk was one of our great
 depots in Lithuania, containing storehouses of food, and where a large
 part of the army was to meet. He said he had understood perfectly, and
-if it was true, _Papa Beau-père_[39] had played us a nasty trick. As I
+if it was true, _Papa Beau-père_[39] had played us a nasty trick. As I
 did not understand, he explained that the Austrians must have betrayed
 us.[40] He was going on at some length, when he suddenly pulled the
 horse up, saying, 'Look out, there! Isn't that a column of troops?' I
@@ -5684,7 +5650,7 @@ and that the most seriously ill would be put into them.
 
 'You will be better off than you were with Napoleon, for at the present
 moment he is a prisoner with all his Guard and the rest of his army,
-and the bridges over the Bérézina are cut.'
+and the bridges over the Bérézina are cut.'
 
 'Napoleon a prisoner with his Guard!' replied an old soldier. 'May God
 forgive you, sir! You do not know them. They would only be taken dead.
@@ -5750,7 +5716,7 @@ the posting-stations, but, unfortunately for us, there were horses tied
 to the trees. Their riders came out of the house, and formed in order
 on the road; then they trotted off. There were eight of them, in white
 cloaks and very high-crested helmets. They were like the Cuirassiers
-we fought against at Krasnoë, in November. Luckily, they went off in
+we fought against at Krasnoë, in November. Luckily, they went off in
 the opposite direction from the road we were making for.
 
 On re-entering the forest, we found it impossible to advance twenty
@@ -5841,7 +5807,7 @@ discovery for poor Picart! When I gave it to him, he let fall a bit of
 meat he was eating, and took a quid of tobacco instead, to wait with,
 he said, while he found his pipe. As it was hardly the time to search
 for it, he contented himself with his quid, and I with a little cigar
-which I made _à l'Espagnole_ with a piece of paper.
+which I made _à l'Espagnole_ with a piece of paper.
 
 We had been resting for about two hours, and it was not yet seven
 o'clock. We had therefore eleven or twelve hours yet to wait before
@@ -6040,7 +6006,7 @@ honour and my oath, I should stay here in this forest with these good
 people.'
 
 'Cheer up,' he said. 'I have had a lucky dream. I dreamed I was in the
-barracks at Courbevoie, eating a piece of _Mère aux bouts'_ pudding,
+barracks at Courbevoie, eating a piece of _Mère aux bouts'_ pudding,
 and drinking a bottle of Suresnes wine.'[43]
 
 While Picart was speaking, I noticed that his face was very red, and
@@ -6048,7 +6014,7 @@ that he frequently put his hand to his forehead. I asked him if his
 head pained him. He said it did, but that was caused very likely by
 the heat, or by having slept too long, but he seemed to me to be in a
 fever. His vision of the barracks at Courbevoie confirmed me in this
-opinion. 'I want to go on with my dream, and try to find _Mère aux
+opinion. 'I want to go on with my dream, and try to find _Mère aux
 bouts_ again,' he said. 'Good-night!' He was asleep in two minutes.
 
 I, too, tried to rest, but my sleep was constantly broken by the pains
@@ -6067,7 +6033,7 @@ confidence had I in the new-comer. I slept for two hours, when Picart
 awoke me to take my share of the mutton soup. He still complained of
 a bad pain in his head, saying he had dreamt of nothing but Paris and
 Courbevoie, and, forgetting that he had already related his dream to
-me, told me that he had been dancing at the barrière du Roule,[44] and
+me, told me that he had been dancing at the barrière du Roule,[44] and
 had drunk with the Grenadiers who were killed at the Battle of Eylau.
 
 As we sat down to eat, the Jew gave us a bottle of gin, which Picart
@@ -6092,7 +6058,7 @@ we took no notice of them.
 As I had expected, the Jew asked us if we had anything to sell or
 exchange. I said to Picart that now was the time for proposals, as we
 wanted to be put on our way to Borisow, or to the first French outpost.
-I asked him how far we were from the Bérézina, and he answered nine
+I asked him how far we were from the Bérézina, and he answered nine
 leagues by the high road; but we made him understand that we wished to
 get there by a shorter route, and I proposed that he should guide us if
 we could arrange it. We gave him the three pairs of epaulettes, and a
@@ -6166,12 +6132,12 @@ brain, and I should have died of rage and mortification. Now let us go
 in that direction; it's a safe guide.'
 
 The Israelite assured us that the guns were in the direction of the
-Bérézina, and my old comrade was so delighted that he began to sing:
+Bérézina, and my old comrade was so delighted that he began to sing:
 
-Air du _Curé de Pomponne._
+Air du _Curé de Pomponne._
 
  'Les Autrichiens disaient tout bas;
- Les Français vont vite en besogne
+ Les Français vont vite en besogne
  Prenez, tandis qu'ils n'y sont pas,
  L'Alsace et la Bourgogne.
  Ah! tu t'en souviendras, la-ri-ra,
@@ -6374,7 +6340,7 @@ and _pontonniers_. I recognised them as the men we had met at Orcha,
 where they formed part of the garrison.[47] This detachment, commanded
 by three officers, and which had joined us only four days ago, had
 not suffered. They looked strong and well, and were travelling in the
-direction of the Bérézina. I asked an officer to direct us to the
+direction of the Bérézina. I asked an officer to direct us to the
 Imperial quarters, and he replied that it was still in the rear, but
 had begun to move, and that we should soon see the head of the column
 appear. He warned us to look well after our horse, as the Emperor had
@@ -6399,8 +6365,8 @@ of sheepskin, and all nearly dying of hunger. Afterwards came the
 small remains of the Cavalry of the Guard. The Emperor came next, on
 foot, and carrying a baton. He wore a large cloak lined with fur, a
 dark-red velvet cap with black fox fur on his head. Murat walked on
-foot at his right, and on his left the Prince Eugène, Viceroy of Italy.
-Next came the Marshals, Berthier--Prince of Neufchâtel--Ney, Mortier,
+foot at his right, and on his left the Prince Eugène, Viceroy of Italy.
+Next came the Marshals, Berthier--Prince of Neufchâtel--Ney, Mortier,
 Lefebvre, with other Marshals and Generals whose corps had been nearly
 annihilated.
 
@@ -6472,7 +6438,7 @@ country. But at last he ventured.
 
 'And where is Rougeau?'
 
-'At Krasnoë,' said the drummer.
+'At Krasnoë,' said the drummer.
 
 'Ah! I understand.'
 
@@ -6516,12 +6482,12 @@ we were always sure of victory in the end.
 I had more than an hour to wait before the column had passed by, and
 after that there was a long train of miserable wretches following
 the regiments mechanically. They had reached the last stage of
-destitution, and could not hope to get across the Bérézina, although
+destitution, and could not hope to get across the Bérézina, although
 we were now so near it. Then I saw the remains of the Young Guard,
 skirmishers, flank-men, and some of the light companies, escaped from
-Krasnoë. All these regiments mingled together marched in perfect
+Krasnoë. All these regiments mingled together marched in perfect
 order. Behind them came the artillery and several waggons. The bulk
-of the artillery, commanded by General Négre, had already gone
+of the artillery, commanded by General Négre, had already gone
 before. Next came the Fusiliers-Chasseurs. Their numbers were greatly
 diminished. Our regiment was still separated from me by some pieces
 of artillery, drawn by poor beasts with no power left in them. After
@@ -6531,7 +6497,7 @@ first, and cried out, 'Hallo, poor Bourgogne! Is that you? We thought
 you were dead behind us, and here you are alive in front! This is
 first-rate. Have you met some of our men behind?' I told him that for
 the last three days I had been in the woods to avoid being taken by the
-Russians. M. Césarisse said to the Colonel that he knew I had stayed
+Russians. M. Césarisse said to the Colonel that he knew I had stayed
 behind since the 22nd, and that he was surprised beyond everything to
 see me again. My company came at last, and I took my own place in it
 before my friends were aware of it.[48] When at last they saw me, they
@@ -6559,7 +6525,7 @@ country house on the right of the road, and the Guard bivouacked round
 it. General Roguet, who commanded us, took possession of a greenhouse
 for the night. I and my friends were behind it. During the night the
 cold increased very much. The next day (the 26th) we took up a position
-on the banks of the Bérézina. The Emperor was at Studianka, a little
+on the banks of the Bérézina. The Emperor was at Studianka, a little
 village on a hill in front.
 
 We saw the brave _pontonniers_ working hard at the bridges for us
@@ -6580,7 +6546,7 @@ o'clock.[51]
 Directly we arrived at the banks of the river I lay down wrapped up
 in my fur, and then found myself trembling all over with fever. I was
 delirious for a long time. I fancied I was at my father's house, eating
-potatoes, bread and butter _à la flamande_, and drinking beer. I do
+potatoes, bread and butter _à la flamande_, and drinking beer. I do
 not know how long I was in this condition, but I remember my friend
 bringing me some hot broth in a bowl, which I drank eagerly, and I
 was soon in a perspiration, in spite of the cold. Besides my bearskin
@@ -6589,14 +6555,14 @@ they had torn off a waggon. The rest of the night I lay quiet without
 moving.
 
 On the next day (the 27th) I felt rather better, but terribly weak.
-That day the Emperor crossed the Bérézina with part of the Guard, and
+That day the Emperor crossed the Bérézina with part of the Guard, and
 about a thousand men belonging to Marshal Ney's corps. Our regiment
 remained on the banks. Suddenly I heard my name called; I turned my
-head and saw M. Péniaux, director of the Emperor's stage posts and
+head and saw M. Péniaux, director of the Emperor's stage posts and
 relays, who had searched me out. They told him that I was ill, and he
 came at once, not to give me anything--he had nothing to give, except
 encouragement. I thanked him for his kindness, and said I did not
-expect even to cross the Bérézina, or to see France again; but I begged
+expect even to cross the Bérézina, or to see France again; but I begged
 him, if he were more fortunate than I, to tell my parents of my sad
 situation. He offered me money, but I declined it. I would willingly
 have exchanged 800 francs for the potatoes and bread-and-butter I
@@ -6631,7 +6597,7 @@ and four cakes from it; the half I gave to my musician, and took him
 back with me to the regiment, still camped on the bank of the river.
 I divided the rest of the cakes with the men who had helped me along
 the road; they thought them very good, still hot as they were from the
-baking. After drinking some of the muddy water of the Bérézina, we
+baking. After drinking some of the muddy water of the Bérézina, we
 warmed ourselves, waiting for the order to cross the bridges.
 
 Near our fire was a man belonging to the company attired in _full
@@ -6640,7 +6606,7 @@ The poor fellow was ill; that laugh was the laugh of death, as he
 succumbed during the night.
 
 A little further off was an old soldier with two chevrons--fifteen
-years service, that is. His wife was _cantinière_. They had lost
+years service, that is. His wife was _cantinière_. They had lost
 everything--carts, horses, baggage, besides two children, who had
 died in the snow; all this poor woman had left to her was despair and
 a dying husband. The poor creature, still a young woman, was sitting
@@ -6665,13 +6631,13 @@ distressed at seeing their comrades' destitution. They could hardly
 believe that this was the Moscow army, then so splendid, now so
 miserable, and so sadly reduced in numbers.
 
-The 2nd _Corps d'Armée_, commanded by Marshal Oudinot, and the 9th
+The 2nd _Corps d'Armée_, commanded by Marshal Oudinot, and the 9th
 by Marshal Victor, Duke of Bellune, also the Poles under General
 Dombrowski, had not been to Moscow, but had remained in Lithuania. For
 the last few days, however, they had been engaged against the Russians,
 had repulsed them, and taken a large quantity of baggage; as the
 Russians retired they had burnt the bridge. This was the only bridge
-over the Bérézina, and had stopped our advance, keeping us penned up
+over the Bérézina, and had stopped our advance, keeping us penned up
 between two forests in the middle of a marsh. We were a medley of
 Frenchmen, Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Croats, Germans, Poles,
 Romans, Neapolitans, and even Prussians. I saw some canteen men whose
@@ -6680,7 +6646,7 @@ men seemed to suffer more, both morally and physically, than the women.
 The women bore their sufferings and privations with an astonishing
 courage, enough to reflect shame on certain men, who had no courage
 and resignation to endure their trials. Very few of these women died,
-except those who fell into the Bérézina in crossing the bridge, or some
+except those who fell into the Bérézina in crossing the bridge, or some
 who were suffocated.
 
 We were quiet when night came, every one in his bivouac, and no one
@@ -6720,7 +6686,7 @@ artillery, in order to cross by the bridges.
 
 A corporal of our company named Gros-Jean, who came from Paris, asked
 me with tears in his eyes if I had seen his brother. I said no. Then
-he told me that he had been with him ever since the Battle of Krasnoë,
+he told me that he had been with him ever since the Battle of Krasnoë,
 as he was ill with fever; but just now, by some dreadful fatality,
 they had been separated. Thinking he had gone on in front, he had been
 inquiring of his comrades on all sides, and not finding him, he was
@@ -6733,7 +6699,7 @@ a present of them if he did not return, and that there were plenty of
 muskets over at the other side. He then made as if he would go, but I
 stopped him. I pointed out to him the number of dead and dying already
 on the bridge, these last preventing others passing over by catching
-hold of their legs, and all rolling together in the Bérézina. They
+hold of their legs, and all rolling together in the Bérézina. They
 appeared for a moment amongst bits of ice, only to disappear altogether
 and make way for others. Gros-Jean did not even hear me. Fixing his
 eyes on this scene of horror, he thought he perceived his brother on
@@ -6750,7 +6716,7 @@ the water. They walked over his body, his head, but nothing vanquished
 him. He collected all his strength for a new effort to rise, and seized
 hold of a Cuirassier's leg, who, in his turn, got hold of another
 man's arm. The Cuirassier, however, was hindered by a cloak over his
-shoulder; he staggered, fell, and rolled into the Bérézina, dragging
+shoulder; he staggered, fell, and rolled into the Bérézina, dragging
 after him Gros-Jean and the man whose arm he held. They sank then,
 adding to the number of men underneath the bridge and on each side of
 it.
@@ -6809,7 +6775,7 @@ went on increasing, and reached their full height when Marshal Victor
 was attacked by the Russians, and shells and bullets showered thickly
 upon us. To complete our misery, snow began to fall and a cold wind
 blew. This dreadful state of things lasted all day and through the next
-night, and all this time the Bérézina became gradually filled with ice,
+night, and all this time the Bérézina became gradually filled with ice,
 dead bodies of men and horses, while the bridge got blocked up with
 carts full of wounded men, some of which rolled over the edge into the
 water. Between eight and nine o'clock that evening Marshal Victor began
@@ -6821,7 +6787,7 @@ warmth of the burning waggons, which had been set on fire on purpose to
 make the men go across.
 
 I remained in the rear with seventeen men and a sergeant named
-Rossière, led by one of the men, as he had become almost blind, and
+Rossière, led by one of the men, as he had become almost blind, and
 was shivering with fever.[54] I was sorry for him, and offered to lend
 him my bearskin to cover him, but so much snow had fallen during the
 night that it had saturated the cloak. The snow then melted with the
@@ -6861,7 +6827,7 @@ all without waking me. Several of them got hold of me and forced me to
 rise, and well for me that they did, or I should have slept the sleep
 of death. I felt very cross, however, at being roused.
 
-Many who we thought had perished came on from the Bérézina. They
+Many who we thought had perished came on from the Bérézina. They
 embraced and congratulated each other as if it were the Rhine they had
 crossed, still 400 leagues off. They felt so happy that they were sorry
 for those left behind. They advised me to walk a little in front, so
@@ -6871,7 +6837,7 @@ FOOTNOTES:
 
 [Footnote 35: The corps commanded by General Dombrouski, a Pole, had
 not been as far as Moscow. It was marching just now to Borisow to cut
-off the Russians from the bridge over the Bérézina.--_Author's Note._]
+off the Russians from the bridge over the Bérézina.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 36: _Cognia_ in Polish, and in Russian also, means
 _horse_.--_Author's Note._]
@@ -6913,12 +6879,12 @@ Friedland.--_Author's Note._]
 [Footnote 42: _Nima_ in Polish and Lithuanian means 'no,' or 'there is
 none.'--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 43: _Mère aux bouts_ was an old woman who came at six
+[Footnote 43: _Mère aux bouts_ was an old woman who came at six
 o'clock every morning to the barracks at Courbevoie, and sold us, for
 ten centimes, a piece of pudding six inches long. We feasted on this
 every day before our drill, and drank ten centimes' worth of Suresnes
-wine, to help us to wait for the soup at ten o'clock. What Vélite or
-old Grenadier of the Guard has not known _Mère aux bouts_?--_Author's
+wine, to help us to wait for the soup at ten o'clock. What Vélite or
+old Grenadier of the Guard has not known _Mère aux bouts_?--_Author's
 Note._]
 
 [Footnote 44: Place where the old Grenadiers of the Guard met their
@@ -6936,7 +6902,7 @@ and very greedy. Thus the hives frequently become traps to take
 them.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 47: The _pontonniers_ and the engineers saved us, and to them
-we owed the construction of the bridges over the Bérézina.--_Author's
+we owed the construction of the bridges over the Bérézina.--_Author's
 Note._]
 
 [Footnote 48: They marched with their heads bent, their eyes fixed on
@@ -6945,7 +6911,7 @@ nearly ruined their sight.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 49: Grangier and Leboude.--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 50: General Eblé.--_Author's Note._]
+[Footnote 50: General Eblé.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 51: This second bridge broke soon afterwards, when the
 artillery began to cross. A great many perished.--_Author's Note._]
@@ -6965,8 +6931,8 @@ as far as Koenigsberg, but when he arrived in France he went mad and
 blew out his brains.--_Author's Note._]
 
 [Footnote 55: Thus perished M. Legrand, the brother of Dr. Legrand,
-of Valenciennes. He had been wounded at Krasnoë, and had just got as
-far as the Bérézina. Just after the scene I have described, and while
+of Valenciennes. He had been wounded at Krasnoë, and had just got as
+far as the Bérézina. Just after the scene I have described, and while
 the Russians were firing at the bridge, I was told that he was badly
 wounded before being thrown into the water.--_Author's Note._]
 
@@ -6975,7 +6941,7 @@ wounded before being thrown into the water.--_Author's Note._]
 
 CHAPTER IX.
 
-FROM THE BÉRÉZINA TO WILNA--THE JEWS.
+FROM THE BÉRÉZINA TO WILNA--THE JEWS.
 
 
 I had been walking in advance of the regiment for about half an hour,
@@ -7005,7 +6971,7 @@ horse-Guards were sent on in front, but no Russians were to be seen
 that day. The Emperor slept at Kamen with half the Guard, and we, the
 Fusiliers, Grenadiers, and Chasseurs, spent the night close by.
 
-On the 30th the Emperor and his suite slept at Plechnitzié. We
+On the 30th the Emperor and his suite slept at Plechnitzié. We
 bivouacked some distance off. We arrived there on the following day,
 and heard that Marshal Oudinot had only just escaped being made
 prisoner there; that 2,000 Russians, with two field-pieces, had entered
@@ -7054,22 +7020,22 @@ little way apart, and asked me where I came from. I told him that I had
 had some drink. 'Where?' 'Come with me,' I said. He followed, and we
 crossed the tree, holding each other by the hand. On the other side a
 friend of mine took my arm. This was a sergeant-major named Leboude, a
-Liègeois. He had just heard what I had been doing. When we got to the
+Liègeois. He had just heard what I had been doing. When we got to the
 Jew's house, I told them if they had any gold or silver lace they could
-get some gin. 'If that's all,' said the Liègeois, 'here it is.' He had
+get some gin. 'If that's all,' said the Liègeois, 'here it is.' He had
 a very nice Astrakan cap, with a gold braid round it. The young Jewess
 took matters into her own hands again, and ripped off the braid. They
 gave us some gin, and we came away; but we were hardly out of the
 house, when the same kind of frenzy came over me, worse than before.
-It took hold of the Liègeois also, and he and I danced together. The
+It took hold of the Liègeois also, and he and I danced together. The
 sergeant-major looked at us, telling us to march back and rejoin our
 regiment. Instead of answering, we each took one of his arms, and
-danced towards the tree over the ditch. There the Liègeois slipped
+danced towards the tree over the ditch. There the Liègeois slipped
 and fell, dragging the sergeant-major into the ditch, and me also.
 Under the snow in the ditch were more than two hundred dead bodies,
 thrown there during the last two days. At this sudden collapse the
 sergeant-major shrieked with rage and terror, swearing loudly at us. We
-were none of us hurt, however, and the Liègeois began to sing and dance
+were none of us hurt, however, and the Liègeois began to sing and dance
 afresh.
 
 We had not the strength to get out again. Ice was everywhere under the
@@ -7078,9 +7044,9 @@ walk. If a company of Westphalians had not passed at that moment, there
 we should have stayed. They threw us ropes at first, but our hands were
 too much frozen to hold them. At last they put down the side of a cart,
 making a kind of ladder, and they helped us to mount by it. The fall
-had sobered the Liègeois and me a little. We rejoined the regiment,
+had sobered the Liègeois and me a little. We rejoined the regiment,
 which had halted near a wood, and resumed our march. A mile farther on
-we met Prince Eugène, the vice-King of Italy, at the head of a small
+we met Prince Eugène, the vice-King of Italy, at the head of a small
 number of officers and a few Grenadiers of the Royal Guard, grouped
 round their colours. They were completely exhausted with fatigue. We
 made a good distance on that day, leaving a great many far behind. We
@@ -7119,7 +7085,7 @@ asked news of Picart. They said they had seen him the day before, but
 that he seemed quite mad, and they thought his brain was affected.
 
 I had never till now thought of looking in poor Gros-Jean's knapsack,
-which he had given me at the Bérézina bridge. Now, as I felt certain he
+which he had given me at the Bérézina bridge. Now, as I felt certain he
 could not return, I opened it before two men of our company who were
 with me, and were, moreover, in his squadron. I found nothing of any
 importance, except a handkerchief containing oatmeal mixed with rye.
@@ -7256,7 +7222,7 @@ any food during the four days I had been away. When I told them I had
 nothing, they turned their backs to me, cursing and banging the butts
 of their muskets on the ground.
 
-We continued our march, and got to Joupranouï very late; almost all
+We continued our march, and got to Joupranouï very late; almost all
 the houses here were burnt, and the rest deserted, without roofs or
 doors. We huddled together as best we could, and as there was plenty of
 horseflesh, I cooked some ready for the next day.
@@ -7276,7 +7242,7 @@ near a wood, one of the men of our company caught sight of a horse,
 and we gathered round to kill him, and each take some of the flesh;
 but as we had no knives or hatchets to cut it, we killed it for the
 sake of the blood, which we collected in a saucepan taken from a German
-_cantinière_. Finding a deserted bivouac fire, we began to cook the
+_cantinière_. Finding a deserted bivouac fire, we began to cook the
 blood, putting some powder in it for seasoning, but it was only half
 done when we caught sight of a legion of Cossacks. We had just time to
 eat it as it was, and this we had to do from our hands, so that our
@@ -7349,7 +7315,7 @@ I soon saw that I could not get what I wanted, and was about to go
 back to my quarters, when I heard my name called. I turned round, and
 to my great surprise saw Picart, who threw himself on my neck, crying
 with joy. He had come across the regiment twice since we passed the
-Bérézina, but they had assured him that I was dead or taken prisoner.
+Bérézina, but they had assured him that I was dead or taken prisoner.
 He said he had some flour, which I should share with him; and as for
 brandy, he would take me to his Jew, who would furnish me with that,
 and perhaps bread as well. I begged him to take me there while we were
@@ -7426,7 +7392,7 @@ had followed us all through the retreat, and of whom I have spoken
 before. Now, seeing a good opportunity, they took advantage of it by
 seizing carts, horses, and sledges loaded with provisions, gold, and
 silver. The arrangements for departure were made by the commissariat,
-contractors, and other army employés, who now were making common cause
+contractors, and other army employés, who now were making common cause
 with us. The thieves thus fled along the Kowno road, sure of not being
 pursued.
 
@@ -7509,7 +7475,7 @@ bread, weighing three or four pounds each, as good as those made in
 Paris. What luck! What a glorious find for men who had had no bread
 for fifty days! I began by taking possession of two, which I put under
 my arm and my cape. My comrade did the same, and the officer took the
-three others. This officer was Fouché, a Grenadier-Vélite, then an
+three others. This officer was Fouché, a Grenadier-Vélite, then an
 Adjutant-Major in a regiment of the Young Guard, and a Major-General.
 We came out of the cellar, and found the woman still standing at the
 door. We said that we would return in the morning when the bread was
@@ -7528,7 +7494,7 @@ would give.
 'Sixty,' went on the first.
 
 He ended by offering us seventy-seven, and I made the condition that
-they should give us some _café-au-lait_. They consented. The second
+they should give us some _café-au-lait_. They consented. The second
 then came behind me and said, 'Eighty!' But the price was concluded,
 and, as the man had promised us coffee, we did not wish to bargain over
 again for twenty francs at most.
@@ -7626,12 +7592,12 @@ FOOTNOTES:
 [Footnote 56: Many people said thirty or thirty-two degrees.--_Author's
 Note._]
 
-[Footnote 57: Since then I have seen General Fouché, and, on my
+[Footnote 57: Since then I have seen General Fouché, and, on my
 reminding him of this episode at Wilna, he told me that, after going
 out, he was nearly assassinated by the people of the house, who tried
 to make him pay for what we had taken.--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 58: M. Débonnez, from Condé, killed at Waterloo.--_Author's
+[Footnote 58: M. Débonnez, from Condé, killed at Waterloo.--_Author's
 Note._]
 
 
@@ -7641,7 +7607,7 @@ CHAPTER X.
 
   FROM WILNA TO KOWNO--THE REGIMENTAL DOG--MARSHAL NEY--THE TREASURY OF
   THE ARMY--I AM POISONED--THE THIEVES' DRIPPING--THE OLD GRENADIER,
-  FALOPPA--GENERAL ROGUET--FROM KOWNO TO ELBING--TWO CANTINIÈRES--THE
+  FALOPPA--GENERAL ROGUET--FROM KOWNO TO ELBING--TWO CANTINIÈRES--THE
   ADVENTURES OF A SERGEANT--I FIND PICART AGAIN--THE SLEDGE AND THE
   JEWS--A SHREW--EYLAU--ARRIVAL AT ELBING.
 
@@ -8101,7 +8067,7 @@ When I got up to them I fell almost unconscious.
 
 Grangier recognised me, and hurried with some others of my friends to
 help me; they laid me on some straw. It was the fourth time Grangier
-and I had met each other since we left Moscow. M. Césarisse, Lieutenant
+and I had met each other since we left Moscow. M. Césarisse, Lieutenant
 of the company, who had some brandy, made me take a little; then I
 was given some horse-broth. It tasted very good, for this time it was
 salted with salt, while so far we had eaten everything salted with
@@ -8141,7 +8107,7 @@ worse situations than this.
 
 'Yes,' I said, 'but then I was stronger.'
 
-He assured me that I had said as much at the passage of the Bérézina
+He assured me that I had said as much at the passage of the Bérézina
 when I had been quite as ill, and since then I had come eighty leagues.
 As for the fifteen that remained before reaching Kowno, they would be
 done in a couple of days; with the help of my friends I should manage
@@ -8164,7 +8130,7 @@ put ourselves under the protection of the Baron or master; perhaps he
 will have pity on us until we are better, and we can reach Prussia or
 Poland. Very likely the Russians will not come further than Kowno.'
 
-I told him that I would do as he wished. M. Césarisse, whom Grangier
+I told him that I would do as he wished. M. Césarisse, whom Grangier
 had just told of my intention, came up to comfort me. He said that the
 pain I suffered only came from the fatigue of yesterday. He made me lie
 before the fire, and, as there was plenty of wood, they piled on enough
@@ -8174,7 +8140,7 @@ me, and I slept for some hours. Poor Rossi did so too.
        *       *       *       *       *
 
 In 1830 I was appointed an officer of the staff at Brest. On the day of
-my arrival, sitting at table with my wife and children at the Hôtel de
+my arrival, sitting at table with my wife and children at the Hôtel de
 Provence, a man sat opposite to me, very well dressed, who looked at
 me a great deal. Every other moment he stopped eating, and, his head
 resting on his hand, he seemed to think deeply, or to be recalling
@@ -8213,7 +8179,7 @@ dwellings to be found, and, although we were the first to arrive, we
 were obliged to sleep in a yard. By chance we were able to find plenty
 of straw, which we used to cover us; but, with our usual ill-luck, the
 straw took fire. Everyone saved himself as best he could; many had
-their coats burnt. A quarter-master of Vélites, named Couchère, was
+their coats burnt. A quarter-master of Vélites, named Couchère, was
 more unfortunate than the others; the fire caught his cartridge-case,
 and his whole face was burnt. And as for me, without the help of my
 comrades I should probably have been roasted, as I could not possibly
@@ -8304,7 +8270,7 @@ soup, and had prepared some haricots. We sat down to eat under a great
 chimney-piece, like the entrance to a house, when suddenly the Spaniard
 returned, wrapped in his brown mantle, and, seeing us eating, hoped
 we should enjoy our meal. I asked him why he had not wanted to sell
-us the dripping. 'No, señor,' he answered, 'I had none. If I had had
+us the dripping. 'No, señor,' he answered, 'I had none. If I had had
 any, I would have given it to you with pleasure, and for nothing!' Then
 Faloppa, taking up one of the little pots, showed it to him. 'Then this
 is not fat, is it, rascal of a Spaniard?' Looking at the little pot,
@@ -8314,7 +8280,7 @@ he told us that it certainly was dripping, but the _manteca de ladron_
 and made our soup with was the fat of hanged men, which he sold for
 ointment.
 
-[Illustration: PASSAGE OF THE BÉRÉZINA, NOVEMBER, 1812.]
+[Illustration: PASSAGE OF THE BÉRÉZINA, NOVEMBER, 1812.]
 
 Hardly had he finished, when all the spoons flew about his head. He
 had barely time to escape; and not one of us, although very hungry,
@@ -8402,7 +8368,7 @@ who found themselves on the extreme edge were thrown down the banks,
 which in this place were at least five feet high; some were killed.
 
 When we reached the left of this column, we had to do as those who
-preceded us--we had to wait. I came upon a sergeant of Vélites named
+preceded us--we had to wait. I came upon a sergeant of Vélites named
 Poumo, belonging to our regiment, who proposed that I should cross the
 river with him, telling me that on the other side we should find houses
 where we could pass the night, and that the next day, being thoroughly
@@ -8478,11 +8444,11 @@ continued to follow the column.
 It might have been about five o'clock; we had still more than two
 leagues to go before reaching Kowno. The old Grenadier related how his
 fingers had frozen before reaching Smolensk. After suffering frightful
-distress up to the passage of the Bérézina, he had found a house on
+distress up to the passage of the Bérézina, he had found a house on
 arriving at Ziembin, where he had spent the night. During that night
 all his fingers fell off one after the other, but since then he had not
 suffered nearly so much. His comrade, who had never left him before,
-had gone off to the mountain near Wilna to _monter à la roue_,[62] and
+had gone off to the mountain near Wilna to _monter à la roue_,[62] and
 since that day he had not seen him.
 
 After going on for another half-hour, we reached a little village,
@@ -8820,7 +8786,7 @@ and honour, and the greater the reward for those who have had the
 endurance to go through with it.'
 
 Then he asked how many were present. I seized this opportunity to
-tell M. Césarisse that Faloppa had died that morning. He asked me if
+tell M. Césarisse that Faloppa had died that morning. He asked me if
 I was certain of it, and I answered that I had seen him die, and that
 Adjutant-Major Roustan himself had seen him.
 
@@ -8914,12 +8880,12 @@ walking with difficulty, leaning on a pine staff. On coming up to us he
 exclaimed: 'Ah, _per Dio santo!_ I am not mistaken: these are friends!'
 
 We looked at him, and recognised him by his voice and accent as
-Pellicetti, a Milanese, former Vélite-Grenadier. Three years before,
+Pellicetti, a Milanese, former Vélite-Grenadier. Three years before,
 he had left the Imperial Guard to enter that of the King of Italy as
 officer. Poor Pellicetti! It was only by the remains of his cap that
 we could guess to what corps he belonged. He told us that three or
 four houses had been enough to accommodate the only corps remaining of
-Prince Eugène's army. He was waiting for one of his friends, who had a
+Prince Eugène's army. He was waiting for one of his friends, who had a
 Cossack horse carrying the bit of baggage left to them. They had been
 separated on leaving Kowno.
 
@@ -9009,13 +8975,13 @@ the month of May, I sent all the papers to the address given. They
 contained his will, and the affecting farewell he had written during
 his fever. I took a copy of one, which I reproduce:
 
-     'Adieu, bonne mère,
+     'Adieu, bonne mère,
        Mon amie;
-     Adieu, ma chère,
+     Adieu, ma chère,
        Ma bonne Sophie!
- Adieu, Nantes, où j'ai reçu la vie;
+ Adieu, Nantes, où j'ai reçu la vie;
  Adieu, belle France, ma patrie;
-     Adieu, mère chérie:
+     Adieu, mère chérie:
      Je vais quitter la vie--
            Adieu!'
 
@@ -9132,15 +9098,15 @@ under her chin. She had also over her dress a Guard's blue overcoat.
 This woman, hearing the Chasseur's voice, looked up, asking who wanted
 spirits.
 
-'Ah! is that you, Mother Gâteau?' answered the soldier. 'It is I who am
+'Ah! is that you, Mother Gâteau?' answered the soldier. 'It is I who am
 asking for spirits. I, Michaut. I dare say you are surprised to see me.
 Well, if anyone is more amazed than I am at meeting you, particularly
-_schabraquée_ as you are, may the devil take him! Even before the
-passage of the Bérézina, thinking of you sometimes, dear Mother Gâteau,
-I imagined that the crows must long since have made a _fristouille à la
+_schabraquée_ as you are, may the devil take him! Even before the
+passage of the Bérézina, thinking of you sometimes, dear Mother Gâteau,
+I imagined that the crows must long since have made a _fristouille à la
 neige_ of your old carcase!'
 
-'Wretch!' replied Mother Gâteau; 'they will eat you before they do me,
+'Wretch!' replied Mother Gâteau; 'they will eat you before they do me,
 you old drunkard! Ah,' she continued, in a jeering tone, 'you must
 be wanting spirits indeed! You've had to go without for three months;
 but very likely at Wilna, and yesterday at Kowno, you've taken a good
@@ -9149,17 +9115,17 @@ me: that you're not dead of drink, like so many of the others we
 saw in the street. So many brave fellows left down yonder, and this
 good-for-nothing, this bad soldier, still lives!'
 
-'Stop there, Mother Gâteau!' replied the old soldier; 'slang me as much
-as you like, but stop short of _bad soldier! Halte-là!_'
+'Stop there, Mother Gâteau!' replied the old soldier; 'slang me as much
+as you like, but stop short of _bad soldier! Halte-là!_'
 
 Then, jeering all the time, he continued to eat the piece of horseflesh
 he was holding in his hand, and which he had ceased to bite at while
-answering the old _cantinière_.
+answering the old _cantinière_.
 
 Directly afterwards she began again: 'For two years now he's had a
 spite against me, ever since I wouldn't give him credit at the Military
 School. Ah! if my poor husband were not dead--if a rascally ball had
-not cut him in two at Krasnoë!...'
+not cut him in two at Krasnoë!...'
 
 And then she stopped.
 
@@ -9167,12 +9133,12 @@ And then she stopped.
 
 'Not married! not married! Haven't I been with him nearly five years,
 ever since the Battle of Eylau, and I'm not married? What do you say to
-that, Marie?'--turning to the other _cantinière_.
+that, Marie?'--turning to the other _cantinière_.
 
-But Marie, whose marriage was of the same kind as Mother Gâteau's, said
+But Marie, whose marriage was of the same kind as Mother Gâteau's, said
 nothing.
 
-The soldier asked Mother Gâteau if she had _monté à la roue_ on the
+The soldier asked Mother Gâteau if she had _monté à la roue_ on the
 mountains at Wilna.
 
 'Ah!' she said, 'if I'd been strong enough, I shouldn't have missed
@@ -9194,7 +9160,7 @@ Marie did not reply.
 'Marie,' said the old soldier, 'has had a second husband in a year, and
 if she likes I will marry her for a third.'
 
-'You, you old scamp!' answered Mother Gâteau. 'She'd be hard up to take
+'You, you old scamp!' answered Mother Gâteau. 'She'd be hard up to take
 you!'
 
 The Chasseur went up to Marie and offered her a piece of horseflesh.
@@ -9207,14 +9173,14 @@ For sole answer, Marie sighed, saying, 'How can you chaff an unhappy
 woman like me?'
 
 'What I have just said,' the old Chasseur replied, 'is no joke, and to
-prove it I will offer Mother Gâteau, without any malice, what I have
+prove it I will offer Mother Gâteau, without any malice, what I have
 just offered you--a little piece of "gee-gee" on my thumb.'
 
-As he spoke, he moved forward to offer it; but Mother Gâteau, seeing
+As he spoke, he moved forward to offer it; but Mother Gâteau, seeing
 him coming, looked at him angrily, and said, 'Go to the devil! I don't
 want anything of yours.'
 
-At this speech of Mother Gâteau's, Marie, who was sitting in front of
+At this speech of Mother Gâteau's, Marie, who was sitting in front of
 me, lifted her head, saying that this was no time to quarrel. Then she
 stared at me from head to foot.
 
@@ -9226,12 +9192,12 @@ it you?'
 I had just recognised her, too, by her voice, not by her face, for
 poor Marie's freshness had disappeared; cold, hardship, fire, and the
 smoke of the bivouac had made her unrecognisable. It was Marie, our
-former _cantinière_, whom I thought dead, and whose deserted cart with
+former _cantinière_, whom I thought dead, and whose deserted cart with
 two wounded I had come upon on the night of November 22nd. This is her
 history:
 
 Marie came from Namur; that is why she called me her _pays_. Her
-husband belonged to Liége, a fencing-master, and rather a bad lot.
+husband belonged to Liége, a fencing-master, and rather a bad lot.
 Marie was a good sort, thinking nothing of herself, retailing her goods
 to the soldiers--to those who had no money as well as to those who had.
 
@@ -9257,7 +9223,7 @@ Some months after, her new husband was transferred as non-commissioned
 officer to a regiment of the Young Guard, so she left us to follow him;
 she had been with us for four years.
 
-In Russia she met with the fate of all the _cantinières_ in the army:
+In Russia she met with the fate of all the _cantinières_ in the army:
 she lost horses, carts, money, furs, and also her protector. As for
 herself, she had the luck to get back. Four months and a half later, at
 the Battle of Lutzen, May 2nd, 1813, chance brought us together; she
@@ -9271,7 +9237,7 @@ being a Belgian subject, she was released.[64]
 I asked Marie where her husband was.
 
 'Why, you know very well,' she answered, 'that he was killed at
-Krasnoë.' (I had not heard this before.) 'He was a good fellow; I miss
+Krasnoë.' (I had not heard this before.) 'He was a good fellow; I miss
 him very much.'
 
 Then she frowned and bent her head. A moment afterwards she raised
@@ -9288,7 +9254,7 @@ And as she spoke she took a pinch of snow, and carried it to her mouth.
 I saw her rise with great difficulty to set off on the march; she gave
 me her hand, and said 'Farewell.' I noticed that she was worn out with
 fatigue and privation; that she walked with difficulty, leaning on a
-stick. Mother Gâteau followed her, sheepskin on head, swearing and
+stick. Mother Gâteau followed her, sheepskin on head, swearing and
 mumbling between her teeth. I concluded that it was still about the old
 Chasseur.
 
@@ -9690,7 +9656,7 @@ answered too. Then, moving in the direction whence the voice had
 come, I asked who answered to the name of Dassonville. "I!" replied
 my brother, whom you see here. Think of our surprise on finding each
 other! We embraced, weeping. He told me that he had been wounded in the
-leg on November 28th, near the Bérézina bridge. I told him my plan was
+leg on November 28th, near the Bérézina bridge. I told him my plan was
 to make our escape before they forced us to recross the Niemen; for
 being now in Pomerania, a country belonging to Prussia, we must take
 the opportunity that offered.
@@ -9801,7 +9767,7 @@ had almost all of them been disarmed as they were leaving.
 'On hearing this we wished ourselves at the devil; but just then
 some more peasants came up, who, seeing me being led by a Cossack,
 threatened and insulted me. They were reproved by an old man, who, I
-learned afterwards, was a Protestant minister, the curé of the place.
+learned afterwards, was a Protestant minister, the curé of the place.
 
 'We were led before the burgomaster, who made my brother exceedingly
 welcome, telling him that he should be quartered with him, and his
@@ -9922,7 +9888,7 @@ pistols in his belt. A moment afterwards they came to tell us that all
 was ready for our departure. I took the Cossack's portmanteau, and we
 went out.
 
-[Illustration: BESIDE THE ROAD, NOT FAR FROM PNÉWA, NOVEMBER 8, 1812.
+[Illustration: BESIDE THE ROAD, NOT FAR FROM PNÉWA, NOVEMBER 8, 1812.
 
   _From a sketch made at the time by an officer of Napoleon's army. The
   Emperor stands in front of the fire, which is made of broken wheels
@@ -10062,7 +10028,7 @@ men. Seeing that we were ready to give them a reception, they halted;
 a detachment was formed, with an officer at their head, who advanced,
 telling us in good French to surrender.
 
-'But a Chasseur of the Guard, named Michaut--the old _cantinière's_
+'But a Chasseur of the Guard, named Michaut--the old _cantinière's_
 friend--left the ranks, and advancing so as to be heard by the Russian
 officer: "Tell me, you _lapin_, how long have Frenchmen surrendered
 with arms in their hands? Come on, we are waiting for you!" The officer
@@ -10213,14 +10179,14 @@ were led to the suburb on the Kowno road, to act as guard to King
 Murat, who had just left the town. There I looked round for you,
 thinking you had followed, and was astonished not to see you. At
 midnight we had to set out for Kowno, to accompany Murat and Prince
-Eugène, who also was lodged in the suburb. But on reaching the foot
+Eugène, who also was lodged in the suburb. But on reaching the foot
 of the mountain we found it impossible to cross it on account of the
 quantity of snow and the number of carriages and waggons along the road.
 
 'When the day had broken, the King and Prince, by making a sweep around
 the mountain, succeeded in continuing on their way; but I and many
 others, having no horses, began to climb the road again. Lucky for
-us, for we had the opportunity to _monter à la roue_ and make a few
+us, for we had the opportunity to _monter à la roue_ and make a few
 five-franc pieces ... at your service, you hear, _mon pays_.'
 
 Picart gave me the details of his journey up to the moment when chance
@@ -10259,7 +10225,7 @@ there were many surprises at meeting friends, in finding those living
 whom one had long thought dead. I had the pleasure of meeting Sergeant
 Humblot, with whom I had been travelling the evening before, and from
 whom I had been separated in the wood at the time of the Cossack
-attack. I learned also that the _cantinières_, Marie and Mother Gâteau,
+attack. I learned also that the _cantinières_, Marie and Mother Gâteau,
 had got into good quarters.
 
 As Murat did not come, the names of those men unable to walk were
@@ -10356,7 +10322,7 @@ The next day--the 17th--by five o'clock in the morning the town looked
 deserted. Men who had not been under a roof for two months, and who now
 slept warmly, were in no hurry to leave their quarters. Two or three
 drummers, still remaining among those belonging to the Guard, beat
-the _grenadière_ for us, and the _carabinière_ for the infantry. When
+the _grenadière_ for us, and the _carabinière_ for the infantry. When
 in the street, we noticed that it was less cold than on the preceding
 evening. A sledge drove up, drawn by two horses, and stopped. It was
 driven by two Jews, and laden with groceries. I proposed that they
@@ -10528,7 +10494,7 @@ hour's progress, we met a waggon which had left Gumbinnen that morning
 with a consignment of muskets for the Imperial Guard, so we were able
 to get others. Finally, at three o'clock we reached Wehlau.
 
-We saw more than 2,000 soldiers gathered together near the Hôtel de
+We saw more than 2,000 soldiers gathered together near the Hôtel de
 Ville, waiting for their billets. A big Prussian rascal came up to us,
 and told us, if we cared about it, we could lodge with him for a small
 sum; he had a well-warmed room, straw for us to sleep on, and a stable
@@ -10706,7 +10672,7 @@ Grenadiers who had formed a part of the Imperial Guard.
 
 We said, 'No.'
 
-'It passed you,' said the Vélite, 'and yet you didn't see it? That big
+'It passed you,' said the Vélite, 'and yet you didn't see it? That big
 sledge that overtook you contained the entire Dutch regiment! There
 were seven of them!'
 
@@ -10798,7 +10764,7 @@ be found in Spain.--_Author's Note._]
 [Footnote 61: _Ruban de queue_: a soldier's expression to designate a
 long march.--_Author's Note._]
 
-[Footnote 62: _Monter à la roue_: an expression used by old soldiers to
+[Footnote 62: _Monter à la roue_: an expression used by old soldiers to
 indicate the taking of money from the waggons abandoned on the mountain
 of Ponari.--_Author's Note._]
 
@@ -10812,7 +10778,7 @@ resides at Namur.--_Author's Note._ Bourgogne died in 1867.]
 [Footnote 65: Boucsin is the slang for noise (_tapage_). In this case
 the drummer's nickname was his real one.]
 
-[Footnote 66: Colonel Richard, ex-commanding officer at Condé, was one
+[Footnote 66: Colonel Richard, ex-commanding officer at Condé, was one
 among them. He and I have often spoken of the incident.--_Author's
 Note._]
 
@@ -10921,7 +10887,7 @@ some trousers. When he had gone, a Jew arrived with some trousers in a
 bag. They were there in all colours--gray and blue--but all either too
 small, too big, or not clean. The son of Israel, seeing he had nothing
 to fit me, told me that he would go and come back with something that
-would please me. He soon returned with some trousers _à la Cosaque_,
+would please me. He soon returned with some trousers _à la Cosaque_,
 dark red in colour, and of fine cloth. They were a trooper's trousers,
 probably belonging to an aide-de-camp of King Murat. I tried them on,
 and, foreseeing they would be very warm, I kept them. The mark was
@@ -10960,7 +10926,7 @@ Finally, after having thoroughly curry-combed, scrubbed, and dried me,
 she ran off laughing, without giving me time to thank her.
 
 I put on one of the War Commissary's shirts, then afterwards the
-trousers _à la_ Cossack, and, bare-footed, went back to the bedroom and
+trousers _à la_ Cossack, and, bare-footed, went back to the bedroom and
 dropped on the bed. It was not too soon, for I felt very weak and lost
 consciousness. I do not know how long I remained in this condition,
 but when I opened my eyes I saw beside me the lady of the house, and
@@ -11087,10 +11053,10 @@ quartered with him showed me the place.
 On reaching it, a woman dressed in black, and with a melancholy air,
 showed us to his room, at the end of a long corridor. We saw that the
 door was half open. We stopped to listen to Picart's deep voice singing
-his favourite piece to the tune of 'The _Curé de Pomponne_':
+his favourite piece to the tune of 'The _Curé de Pomponne_':
 
  'Ah! tu t'en souviendras, la-ri-ra,
- Du départ de Boulogne!'
+ Du départ de Boulogne!'
 
 Great was our surprise at seeing him with a face as white as snow, a
 mask of skin covering his whole face. He told us about his accident,
@@ -11108,7 +11074,7 @@ was the matter with her, and he replied that an uncle of hers had been
 buried that morning, an old bachelor, a coaster or privateer, very
 rich, as it seemed, and that there were great doings in the house. He
 had been invited, and for that reason he had invited us too, as there
-would be _noisettes à croquer_. But on second thoughts, he said that
+would be _noisettes à croquer_. But on second thoughts, he said that
 it would be much better to have the dinner brought to his room than to
 spend our time with a heap of blubbering creatures who were pretending
 grief--the usual result of the death of a rich uncle who had something
@@ -11223,12 +11189,12 @@ painfully, bowed down under the weight of their accoutrements, nearly
 spent with fatigue.
 
 Seeing me, they came up, and to my great surprise I recognised two men
-of my company, whom I had not seen since the passage of the Bérézina.
+of my company, whom I had not seen since the passage of the Bérézina.
 They were in such a wretched state that I made them follow me to an
 inn, where I ordered hot coffee to warm them.
 
 They related that on the morning of November 29th, a little before the
-departure of the regiment from the banks of the Bérézina, they had been
+departure of the regiment from the banks of the Bérézina, they had been
 ordered on fatigue-duty to bury several men belonging to the regiment,
 who had been killed the preceding evening, or who had died of exposure.
 When they had finished they started off, thinking they were following
@@ -11371,7 +11337,7 @@ me and cared for me as if I had been her brother or her child. I told
 her to keep my kettle as a remembrance of me.
 
 'You can use it to boil water in for tea, and every time you do so you
-will think of the young sergeant-vélite of the Guard. Farewell!'
+will think of the young sergeant-vélite of the Guard. Farewell!'
 
 I heard the roar of artillery still louder; again I rushed out into the
 street, this time not to return.
@@ -11382,18 +11348,18 @@ muster. We had not been walking five minutes, when we saw Picart in
 the middle of the street, swearing in a rage, holding a Prussian down
 with his foot, and in front of him four Prussian soldiers commanded by
 a corporal under the orders of a police superintendent. The reason was
-this: several people had thrown snowballs at Picart in front of a café.
+this: several people had thrown snowballs at Picart in front of a café.
 He stopped, threatening to enter the house and have them arrested,
 but they took no notice; one of them, coming down into the street and
 advancing behind Picart, rested a billiard-cue on his shoulder, and
 began to cry: 'Hourra! Cossack!' Picart, turning rapidly, gripped
 hold of him and flung him flat on his face in the snow. Then, placing
 his right foot on his back, he fixed his bayonet, and, turning in the
-direction of the café, defied all those within.
+direction of the café, defied all those within.
 
 The guard was fetched; Picart had in the meantime made his man
 understand that if he made the least movement he would be bayoneted. He
-said the same to those who were in the café; no one stirred, and then
+said the same to those who were in the café; no one stirred, and then
 the guard came up with the superintendent of police.
 
 The guard did not frighten Picart. He was just then like a lion holding
@@ -11427,7 +11393,7 @@ our way in the direction of the palace, Grangier making remarks upon
 the Prussian character, Picart singing his refrain:
 
  'Ah! tu t'en souviendras, la-ri-ra,
- Du départ de Boulogne!'
+ Du départ de Boulogne!'
 
 We reached the square, and we saw a regiment of negroes opposite the
 palace where Murat was staying. It was really comical to see the
@@ -11464,19 +11430,19 @@ And she went in search of two bottles of wine, some ham and bread, and
 we sat down to table.
 
 Presently the noise of artillery was heard quite near. The woman cried,
-'_Jésus! Maria!_' and we ran out.
+'_Jésus! Maria!_' and we ran out.
 
 I was a little in front of my two comrades. A few steps before me I saw
 a man I fancied I recognised, who had stopped. I went up and found I
 was not mistaken; it was the oldest man in the regiment, who had sword,
 musket, and cross of honour, and who had disappeared since December
-24th--Père Elliot, who had been through the Egyptian campaign. He was
+24th--Père Elliot, who had been through the Egyptian campaign. He was
 in a pitiable condition: both his feet were frozen and wrapped in bits
 of sheepskin; his ears, also frozen, were covered with the same; his
 beard and moustache were bristling with icicles. I looked at him, so
 much surprised I was unable to speak.
 
-At last I said, 'Well, Père Elliot, and here you are! And where the
+At last I said, 'Well, Père Elliot, and here you are! And where the
 devil have you come from? And how you are dressed! You seem to be in
 terrible suffering.'
 
@@ -11494,7 +11460,7 @@ my hands frozen, and even my nose.'
 
 I saw great tears flowing from the old soldier's eyes.
 
-Picart and Grangier just then rejoined me. Grangier recognised Père
+Picart and Grangier just then rejoined me. Grangier recognised Père
 Elliot instantly; they belonged to the same company; but Picart,
 although he had known him for seventeen years,[72] could not remember
 him.
@@ -11519,7 +11485,7 @@ we embarked at Toulon on our way to Egypt?...'
 
 Grangier, meanwhile, had been out to see if the march had begun again,
 and now came in to tell us that a conveyance, laden with heavy baggage
-belonging to Murat, had stopped before the door. A fine chance for Père
+belonging to Murat, had stopped before the door. A fine chance for Père
 Elliot. He must get into it at once. 'Forward!' cried Picart; and with
 the help of the sailor we soon had the old sergeant perched on the
 vehicle.
@@ -11558,7 +11524,7 @@ Several witnesses to what I have written, who were in the same regiment
 with me, and some in the same company, are still living. I will quote
 some in particular:
 
-M. CÉSARISSE, Grenadier-Vélite, now Field-Marshal in the service of the
+M. CÉSARISSE, Grenadier-Vélite, now Field-Marshal in the service of the
 King of Holland, a native of St. Nicolas in Brabant. He was Lieutenant
 in the same company in which I was then sergeant.
 
@@ -11572,13 +11538,13 @@ Auzin (Nord). I met him again after an interval of twenty years.
 LEBOUDE, then Sergeant-Major, now Lieutenant-General in Belgium,
 belonged also to the same battalion.
 
-GRANGIER, Sergeant, who came from Puy-de-Dôme in Auvergne. He was
+GRANGIER, Sergeant, who came from Puy-de-Dôme in Auvergne. He was
 my intimate friend. On more than one occasion he saved my life. His
 constitution was weak, his courage equal to any trial. He died of
 cholera in 1832.
 
-PIERSON, also Sergeant-Vélite, now Captain on the staff at Angers.[74]
-He was very ugly, but a good fellow, as were all the Vélites. There
+PIERSON, also Sergeant-Vélite, now Captain on the staff at Angers.[74]
+He was very ugly, but a good fellow, as were all the Vélites. There
 never was a face like his; he was so different from everyone else. One
 need only set eyes on him once to remember him. In this connection I
 will relate a fact that bears me out in what I have been saying.
@@ -11604,15 +11570,15 @@ an unforgettable face, but what a memory the Emperor had!
 
 I will quote some further witnesses:
 
-M. PÉNIAUX, of Valenciennes, superintendent of the Emperor's relays and
+M. PÉNIAUX, of Valenciennes, superintendent of the Emperor's relays and
 stages, who saw me almost dying, laid upon the snow, on the banks of
-the Bérézina.
+the Bérézina.
 
-M. MELLÉ, a Dragoon of the Guards, whom I often met during the retreat,
+M. MELLÉ, a Dragoon of the Guards, whom I often met during the retreat,
 leading his horse by the bridle, and making holes in the ice of the
-lakes to give him drink. He was from Condé, the place I came from. He
+lakes to give him drink. He was from Condé, the place I came from. He
 might be called, with truth, one of the best soldiers in the army.
-Before entering the Guard, M. Mellé had already gone through the
+Before entering the Guard, M. Mellé had already gone through the
 Italian campaign. With the same weapons and the same horse he went
 through the campaigns of 1806 and 1807 in Prussia and Poland, 1808 in
 Spain, 1809 in Germany, 1810 and 1811 in Spain, 1812 in Russia, 1813 in
@@ -11638,7 +11604,7 @@ MONFORT, trooper, now a retired officer of Cuirassiers at Valenciennes.
 Although from the same country, and also belonging to the Imperial
 Guard, I only knew him in the army by reputation, by the manner in
 which he distinguished himself in the different combats we had in
-Spain. In Russia, he crossed the Bérézina on horseback over the blocks
+Spain. In Russia, he crossed the Bérézina on horseback over the blocks
 of ice. But he left his horse behind. At Waterloo, on Mount St. Jean,
 during a charge against the Queen of England's Dragoons,[75] he killed
 the Colonel with a thrust in the chest, sending him to sup with Pluto.
@@ -11648,7 +11614,7 @@ campaign to the infantry of the Imperial Guard. All that he relates of
 their campaign, of what happened to him, and of what he saw, is very
 interesting.
 
-During the retreat, at Krasnoë, we were fighting for three days,
+During the retreat, at Krasnoë, we were fighting for three days,
 November 15th, 16th, and 17th, against the Russian army of 100,000 men.
 On the night of the 16th, the eve of the battle of the 17th, Pavart,
 then a corporal, was in command of a patrol of six men. Making his
@@ -11665,8 +11631,8 @@ with the bayonet. The others took to flight. After this bold stroke he
 turned to rejoin his men, but found them close at hand, running to help
 him.
 
-WILKÉS, non-commissioned officer in a line regiment, a native of
-Valenciennes; taken prisoner on the banks of the Bérézina; led in
+WILKÉS, non-commissioned officer in a line regiment, a native of
+Valenciennes; taken prisoner on the banks of the Bérézina; led in
 captivity 1,400 leagues from Paris, where he was kept three years.
 
 CAPTAIN VACHAIN, of whom I have spoken above, had a very lively
@@ -11704,7 +11670,7 @@ Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
 HOUREZ, retired Captain at Valenciennes, and a native, Chevalier of the
 Legion of Honour.
 
-PIÈTE, Sub-Lieutenant, Valenciennes.
+PIÈTE, Sub-Lieutenant, Valenciennes.
 
 LEGRAND, ex-gunner of Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard, Chevalier of
 the Legion of Honour.
@@ -11717,14 +11683,14 @@ Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
 
 PETIT, Sub-Lieutenant of the Young Guard.
 
-MAUJARD, of the Engineers, retired at Condé (Nord), Chevalier of the
+MAUJARD, of the Engineers, retired at Condé (Nord), Chevalier of the
 Legion of Honour.
 
-Boquet, of Condé.
+Boquet, of Condé.
 
  Bourgogne,
 
- _Ex-Grenadier-Vélite of the Imperial Guard,
+ _Ex-Grenadier-Vélite of the Imperial Guard,
  Chevalier of the Legion of Honour._
 
 FOOTNOTES:
@@ -11743,366 +11709,4 @@ Memoirs.--_Author's Note._]
 
 
 
-***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF SERGEANT BOURGOGNE,
-1812-1813***
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+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 59489 ***
diff --git a/59489-h/59489-h.htm b/59489-h/59489-h.htm
index 883721b..eb0b60a 100644
--- a/59489-h/59489-h.htm
+++ b/59489-h/59489-h.htm
@@ -169,30 +169,10 @@ table {
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 59489 ***</div>
 <h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne, 1812-1813, by
 Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne, Edited by Paul Cottin</h1>
-<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
-and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
-restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
-under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
-eBook or online at <a
-href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>.  If you are not
-located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this ebook.</p>
-<p>Title: Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne, 1812-1813</p>
-<p>Author: Adrien Jean Baptiste François Bourgogne</p>
-<p>Editor: Paul Cottin</p>
-<p>Release Date: May 12, 2019  [eBook #59489]</p>
-<p>Language: English</p>
-<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
-<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF SERGEANT BOURGOGNE, 1812-1813***</p>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
-<h4>E-text prepared by Brian Coe, Graeme Mackreth,<br />
-    and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
-    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br />
-    from page images generously made available by<br />
-    Internet Archive<br />
-    (<a href="https://archive.org">https://archive.org</a>)</h4>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10">
   <tr>
@@ -12365,368 +12345,9 @@ Memoirs.&mdash;<i>Author's Note.</i></p></div>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <hr class="pg" />
-<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF SERGEANT BOURGOGNE, 1812-1813***</p>
-<p>******* This file should be named 59489-h.htm or 59489-h.zip *******</p>
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