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diff --git a/59322-h/59322-h.htm b/59322-h/59322-h.htm index caa7777..b6cb2f9 100644 --- a/59322-h/59322-h.htm +++ b/59322-h/59322-h.htm @@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> -<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, by Ida M. (Ida Minerva) Tarbell</title> +<title>A Life of Napoleon Bonaparte | Project Gutenberg</title> <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> <style type="text/css"> body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; } h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; } h3 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: large; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; + .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; + text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; + border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } sup { vertical-align: top; font-size: 0.6em; } @@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ @media handheld { .id001 { margin-left:35%; width:30%; } } @media handheld { .id002 { margin-left:20%; width:60%; } } @media handheld { .id004 { margin-left:40%; width:20%; } } - .ic001 { width:100%; } - .ic003 { width:100%; } - .ic004 { width:150%; margin-left:-25%; margin-right:-25%; } - .ic005 { width:150%; margin-left:-25%; margin-right:-25%; } - div.ic003 p { text-align:left; } - div.ic005 p { text-align:left; } - .ig001 { width:100%; } + .ic001 { width:100%; } + .ic003 { width:100%; } + .ic004 { width:150%; margin-left:-25%; margin-right:-25%; } + .ic005 { width:150%; margin-left:-25%; margin-right:-25%; } + div.ic003 p { text-align:left; } + div.ic005 p { text-align:left; } + .ig001 { width:100%; } .table0 { margin: auto; margin-top: 2em; } .table1 { margin: auto; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; width: 100%; } @@ -256,235 +256,235 @@ Minerva) Tarbell</h1> <td class='c006' colspan='2'>THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON:</td> <td class='c007'> </td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <th class='c008'><span class='small'>CHAPTER</span></th> <th class='c009'> </th> <th class='c007'><span class='small'>PAGE</span></th> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>I.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Youth and Early Surroundings.—School Days at Brienne</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_17'>17</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>II.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>In Paris.—Lieutenant of Artillery.—Literary Work.—The Revolution</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>III.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Robespierre.—Out of Work.—First Success</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_43'>43</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>IV.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Courtship and Marriage.—Devotion To Josephine</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>V.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Italian Campaign.—Rules of War</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>VI.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Return To Paris.—Egyptian Campaign.—The 18th Brumaire</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>VII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Statesman and Lawgiver.—The Finances.—The Industries.—The Public Works</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_105'>105</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>VIII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Return of the Émigrés.—The Concordat.—Legion of Honor.—Code Napoleon</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_119'>119</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>IX.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Opposition to the Centralization of the Government.—Prosperity of France</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_133'>133</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>X.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Preparations for War with England.—Flotilla at Boulogne.—Sale of Louisiana</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_143'>143</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XI.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Emperor of the French People.—King of Italy</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_151'>151</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Campaigns of 1805, 1806, 1807.—Peace of Tilsit</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_163'>163</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XIII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Extension of Napoleon’s Empire.—Family Affairs</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_179'>179</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XIV.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Berlin Decree.—Peninsular War.—The Bonapartes on the Spanish Throne</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_191'>191</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XV.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Disasters in Spain.—Erfurt Meeting.—Napoleon at Madrid</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_199'>199</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>XVI.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Talleyrand’s Treachery.—Campaign of 1809</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_211'>211</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XVII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Divorce of Josephine.—Marriage with Marie Louise.—Birth of the King of Rome.</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_221'>221</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XVIII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Trouble with the Pope.—The Conscription.—The Tilsit Agreement Broken</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_229'>229</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XIX.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Russian Campaign.—Burning of Moscow.—A New Army</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_241'>241</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XX.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Campaign of 1813.—Campaign of 1814.—Abdication</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_253'>253</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XXI.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Elba.—The Hundred Days.—The Second Abdication</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_265'>265</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XXII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Surrender to English.—St. Helena.—Death</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_279'>279</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>XXIII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>The Second Funeral</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_295'>295</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c006' colspan='2'>SKETCH OF JOSEPHINE—EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH:</td> <td class='c007'> </td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>I.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Family.—Early Surroundings.—Alexander de Beauharnais.—Marriage.—Separation from Husband</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_325'>325</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>II.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Josephine in the Revolution.—Imprisoned at Les Carmes.—Struggle for Existence.—Marriage with Bonaparte</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_334'>334</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>III.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Bonaparte Goes to Italy.—Josephine at Milan 1796–1797.—Triumphal Tour in Italy.—Bonaparte Leaves for Egypt</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_346'>346</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>IV.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Bonaparte is Made First Consul.—Josephine’s Tact in Public Life.—Her Personal Charm.—Malmaison</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_360'>360</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>V.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>The Question of Succession.—Marriage of Hortense.—Josephine Empress of the French People.—The Coronation</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_371'>371</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>VI.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Etiquette Regulating Josephine’s Life.—Royal Journeys.—Extravagance in Dress</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_386'>386</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>VII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Josephine not Allowed to Go to Poland.—Fear of Divorce.—The Reconciliation of 1807–1808.—The Campaign of 1809 and its Effect on Napoleon</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_399'>399</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>VIII.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Napoleon Returns to France.—Josephine’s Unhappiness.—Napoleon’s View of a Divorce.—The Way in Which the Divorce was Effected</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_413'>413</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>IX.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>After the Divorce.—Navarre.—Josephine’s Suspicions of the Emperor.—Her Gradual Return to Happiness</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_423'>423</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'>X.</td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Effect on Josephine of Disasters in Russia.—Anxiety During Campaign of 1813.—Flight from Paris.—Death in 1814</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_440'>440</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'> </td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Handwriting of Napoleon at Different Periods</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_453'>453</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'> </td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Table of the Bonaparte Family</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_464'>464</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'> </td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Chronology of the Life of Napoleon Bonaparte</span></td> <td class='c007'><a href='#Page_469'>469</a></td> </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td colspan='3'> </td></tr> <tr> <td class='c008'> </td> <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Index</span></td> @@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ was the hottest. The First Consul advanced toward them and cried: ‘Come, my br <p class='c011'>The expenses of the civil household, which amounted to five million dollars under the old <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</span></i>, were now cut down to six hundred thousand dollars, though the elegance was no less.</p> -<p class='c011'>A master who gave such strict attention to the prosperity of his kingdom would not, of course, overlook its industries. In fact, they were one of Napoleon’s chief cares. His policy was one of protection. He would have France make everything she wanted, and sell to her neighbors, but never buy from them. To simulate the manufactories, which in 1799 were as nearly bankrupt as the public treasury, he +<p class='c011'>A master who gave such strict attention to the prosperity of his kingdom would not, of course, overlook its industries. In fact, they were one of Napoleon’s chief cares. His policy was one of protection. He would have France make everything she wanted, and sell to her neighbors, but never buy from them. To stimulate the manufactories, which in 1799 were as nearly bankrupt as the public treasury, he <span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>visited the factories himself to learn their needs. He gave liberal orders, and urged, even commanded, his associates to do the same. At one time, anxious to aid the batiste factories of Flanders, he tried to force Josephine to give up cotton goods and to set the fashion in favor of the batistes; but she made such an outcry that he was obliged to abandon the idea. For the same reason he wrote to his sister Eliza: “I beg that you will allow your court to wear nothing but silks and cambrics, and that you will exclude all cottons and muslins, in order to favor French industry.”</p> <p class='c011'>Frequently he would take goods on consignment, to help a struggling factory. Rather than allow a manufactory to be idle, he would advance a large sum of money, and a quantity of its products would be put under government control. After the battle of Eylau, Napoleon sent one million six hundred thousand francs to Paris, to be used in this way.</p> @@ -4147,11 +4147,11 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><em>From this marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(1) Zénaïde Charlotte (1801–1854), married in 1832 to her cousin, Charles Bonaparte, + <dd>(1) Zénaïde Charlotte (1801–1854), married in 1832 to her cousin, Charles Bonaparte, Prince de Canino. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(2) Charlotte (1802–1839), married in 1831 Napoleon Louis, her cousin, second son of + <dd>(2) Charlotte (1802–1839), married in 1831 Napoleon Louis, her cousin, second son of Louis. <hr class='c019' /> </dd> @@ -4168,22 +4168,22 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><em>Adopted the first wife’s two children</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(1) Eugène (1781–1824), who married the Princess Augusta Amelia, daughter of the King of + <dd>(1) Eugène (1781–1824), who married the Princess Augusta Amelia, daughter of the King of Bavaria. </dd> <dt> </dt> <dd><em>From this marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(<em>a</em>) Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Leuchtenberg, who married in 1839 a daughter of + <dd>(<em>a</em>) Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Leuchtenberg, who married in 1839 a daughter of the Czar Nicholas. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(<em>b</em>) Josephine, married in 1823 to Oscar Bernadotte, since King of Sweden under + <dd>(<em>b</em>) Josephine, married in 1823 to Oscar Bernadotte, since King of Sweden under the name of Charles XIV. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(<em>c</em>) Eugénie Hortense, married in 1826 to Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern + <dd>(<em>c</em>) Eugénie Hortense, married in 1826 to Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern Hechingen. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4202,7 +4202,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><em>From second marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>François Charles Joseph (NAPOLEON II.), King of Rome, afterwards Duke of Reichstadt + <dd>François Charles Joseph (NAPOLEON II.), King of Rome, afterwards Duke of Reichstadt (1811–1832). <hr class='c019' /> <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_465'>465</span></div> @@ -4223,17 +4223,17 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>(1) Charlotte, married in 1815 to Prince Mario Gabrielli. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(2) Christine Egypta, married in 1818 to Count Avred Posse, a Swede, and in 1824 to Lord + <dd>(2) Christine Egypta, married in 1818 to Count Avred Posse, a Swede, and in 1824 to Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart. </dd> <dt> </dt> <dd><em>From second marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(1) Charles Lucien Jules Laurent, Prince of Canino, married to elder daughter of Joseph - Bonaparte. Charles Lucien had eight children: Joseph, who died young; Lucien a cardinal - in 1868; Napoleon, served in French army; Julie, married to the Marquis de Boccagiovine; - Charlotte, who became the Countess of Primoli; Augusta, afterwards the Princess + <dd>(1) Charles Lucien Jules Laurent, Prince of Canino, married to elder daughter of Joseph + Bonaparte. Charles Lucien had eight children: Joseph, who died young; Lucien a cardinal + in 1868; Napoleon, served in French army; Julie, married to the Marquis de Boccagiovine; + Charlotte, who became the Countess of Primoli; Augusta, afterwards the Princess Gabrielli; Marie, married to Count Campello; Bathilde, married to Count Cambacérès. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4249,8 +4249,8 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>(5) Louis Lucien, known as Prince Lucien, and distinguished as a writer. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(6) Pierre Napoleon, known as Prince Pierre, married to a sempstress, and refused to give - her up. The oldest son of Prince Pierre is the Prince Roland Bonaparte. He would now be + <dd>(6) Pierre Napoleon, known as Prince Pierre, married to a sempstress, and refused to give + her up. The oldest son of Prince Pierre is the Prince Roland Bonaparte. He would now be the chief of the House of Bonaparte, if Lucien had not been cut off from the succession. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4278,7 +4278,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_466'>466</span></div> </dd> <dt>5th.</dt> - <dd><em>Louis</em> (1778–1846) married in 1802 to Eugénie Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter + <dd><em>Louis</em> (1778–1846) married in 1802 to Eugénie Hortense de Beauharnais, daughter of Josephine. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4288,18 +4288,18 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>(1) Napoleon-Charles, heir-presumptive to the throne of Holland, died in 1807. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(2) Charles Napoleon Louis, married his cousin Charlotte, daughter of Joseph; died in + <dd>(2) Charles Napoleon Louis, married his cousin Charlotte, daughter of Joseph; died in 1831. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(3) Charles Louis Napoleon, Emperor of the French in 1852, under the title of NAPOLEON + <dd>(3) Charles Louis Napoleon, Emperor of the French in 1852, under the title of NAPOLEON III, married in 1857 to Eugénie de Montijo de Guzman Countess of Teba. </dd> <dt> </dt> <dd><em>From this marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>Napoleon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Prince Imperial, born in 1856; killed in Zululand in + <dd>Napoleon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Prince Imperial, born in 1856; killed in Zululand in 1879. <hr class='c019' /> </dd> @@ -4321,14 +4321,14 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><em>From this marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(1) Napoleon Achille Charles Louis Murat (1801–1847), went to Florida where he married a + <dd>(1) Napoleon Achille Charles Louis Murat (1801–1847), went to Florida where he married a grand-niece of George Washington. </dd> <dt> </dt> <dd>(2) Lætitia Josèphe, married to the Marquis of Pepoli. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(3) Lucien Charles Joseph Francois Napoleon Murat, married an American, a Miss Fraser, in + <dd>(3) Lucien Charles Joseph Francois Napoleon Murat, married an American, a Miss Fraser, in 1827. From this marriage there were five children. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4348,7 +4348,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><em>From first marriage</em>: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte-Paterson (1805–1870) married in 1829 to Miss Suzanne Gay. Two + <dd>Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte-Paterson (1805–1870) married in 1829 to Miss Suzanne Gay. Two children were born from this marriage: </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4364,17 +4364,17 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>(1) Jerome Napoleon Charles, who died in 1847. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(2) Mathilde Lætita Wilhelmine, married in 1840 to a Russian, Prince Demidoff, but + <dd>(2) Mathilde Lætita Wilhelmine, married in 1840 to a Russian, Prince Demidoff, but separated from him: known as the Princess Mathilde. </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(3) Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul, called Prince Napoleon, also known as Plon Plon, - married in 1859 the Princess Clotilde, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. On the - death of the Prince Imperial, in 1879, became chief of the Bonapartist party. Died in + <dd>(3) Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul, called Prince Napoleon, also known as Plon Plon, + married in 1859 the Princess Clotilde, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. On the + death of the Prince Imperial, in 1879, became chief of the Bonapartist party. Died in 1891. Prince Napoleon had three children: </dd> <dt> </dt> - <dd>(a) Napoleon Victor Jerome Frederick, born in 1862, called Prince Victor and the present + <dd>(a) Napoleon Victor Jerome Frederick, born in 1862, called Prince Victor and the present Head of the House of Bonaparte. </dd> <dt> </dt> @@ -4395,11 +4395,11 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd><span class='sc'>Event.</span> </dd> <dt> 1769.</dt> - <dd>Aug. 15.—Napoleon Bonaparte born at Ajaccio, in Corsica. Fourth child of Charles + <dd>Aug. 15.—Napoleon Bonaparte born at Ajaccio, in Corsica. Fourth child of Charles Bonaparte and of Lætitia, <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">née</span></i> Ramolino. </dd> <dt> 9. 1778.</dt> - <dd>Dec.—Napoleon embarks for France with his father, his brother Joseph, and his Uncle + <dd>Dec.—Napoleon embarks for France with his father, his brother Joseph, and his Uncle Fesch. </dd> <dt> 9. 1779.</dt> @@ -4449,33 +4449,33 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>Sept. 16 to June 1, 1791.—Napoleon in Corsica. </dd> <dt> 21–22. 1791.</dt> - <dd>June 2 to Aug. 29.—Napoleon joins the Fourth Regiment of Artillery at Valence as First + <dd>June 2 to Aug. 29.—Napoleon joins the Fourth Regiment of Artillery at Valence as First Lieutenant. </dd> <dt> 22. 1791.</dt> - <dd>Aug. 30.—Napoleon starts for Corsica on leave for three months; quits Corsica May 2, + <dd>Aug. 30.—Napoleon starts for Corsica on leave for three months; quits Corsica May 2, 1792, for France, where he has been dismissed for absence without leave. </dd> <dt> 23. 1792.</dt> <dd>Aug. 30.—Napoleon reinstated. </dd> <dt> 23. 1792.</dt> - <dd>Sept. 14 to June 11, 1793.—Napoleon in Corsica engaged in revolutionary attempts; having + <dd>Sept. 14 to June 11, 1793.—Napoleon in Corsica engaged in revolutionary attempts; having declared against Paoli, he and his family are obliged to quit Corsica. </dd> <dt> 23. 1793.</dt> <dd>June 13 to July 14.—Napoleon with his company at Nice. </dd> <dt> 24. 1793.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 9 to Dec. 19.—Napoleon placed in command of part of artillery of army of Carteaux + <dd>Oct. 9 to Dec. 19.—Napoleon placed in command of part of artillery of army of Carteaux before Toulon, 19th Oct.; Toulon taken 19th Dec. </dd> <dt> 24. 1793.</dt> - <dd>Dec. 22.—Napoleon nominated provisionally General of Brigade; approved later; receives + <dd>Dec. 22.—Napoleon nominated provisionally General of Brigade; approved later; receives commission, 16th Feb., 1794. </dd> <dt> 24. 1793.</dt> - <dd>Dec. 26 to April 1, 1794.—Napoleon appointed inspector of the coast from the Rhone to + <dd>Dec. 26 to April 1, 1794.—Napoleon appointed inspector of the coast from the Rhone to the Var, on inspection duty. </dd> <dt> 24. 1794.</dt> @@ -4485,59 +4485,59 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>Aug. 6 to Aug. 20, 1794.—Napoleon in arrest after fall of Robespierre. </dd> <dt> 25. 1794.</dt> - <dd>Sept. 14 to March 29, 1795.—Napoleon commanding artillery of an intended maritime + <dd>Sept. 14 to March 29, 1795.—Napoleon commanding artillery of an intended maritime expedition to Corsica. </dd> <dt> 25. 1795.</dt> - <dd>March 27 to May 10.—Napoleon ordered from the south to join the army in La Vendée to + <dd>March 27 to May 10.—Napoleon ordered from the south to join the army in La Vendée to command its artillery; arrives in Paris, 10th May. </dd> <dt> 25–26. 1795.</dt> - <dd>June 13.—Napoleon ordered to join Hoche’s army at Brest, to command a brigade of - infantry; remains in Paris; <span class='pageno' id='Page_471'>471</span> 21st Aug., attached to Comité de Salut Public as - one of four advisors; 15th Sept., struck off list of employed generals for disobedience + <dd>June 13.—Napoleon ordered to join Hoche’s army at Brest, to command a brigade of + infantry; remains in Paris; <span class='pageno' id='Page_471'>471</span> 21st Aug., attached to Comité de Salut Public as + one of four advisors; 15th Sept., struck off list of employed generals for disobedience of orders in not proceeding to the west. </dd> <dt> 26. 1795.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 5 (13th Vendémiaire, Jour des Sections).—Napoleon defends the Convention from the + <dd>Oct. 5 (13th Vendémiaire, Jour des Sections).—Napoleon defends the Convention from the revolt of the Sections. </dd> <dt> 26. 1795.</dt> <dd>Oct. 16.—Napoleon appointed provisionally General of Division. </dd> <dt> 26. 1795.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 26.—Napoleon appointed General of Division and Commander of the Army of the + <dd>Oct. 26.—Napoleon appointed General of Division and Commander of the Army of the Interior (<i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">i. e.</span></i>, of Paris). </dd> <dt> 26. 1796.</dt> - <dd>March 2.—Napoleon appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Italy; 9th March, marries + <dd>March 2.—Napoleon appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Italy; 9th March, marries Madame de Beauharnais, <i><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">née</span></i> Tascher de la Pagerie. </dd> <dt> 26. 1796.</dt> <dd>March 11, leaves Paris for Italy. </dd> <dt> 26. 1796.</dt> - <dd>First Italian campaign of Napoleon against Austrians under Beaulieu, and Sardinians - under Colli. Battle of Montenotte, 12th April; Millesimo, 14th April; Dego, 14th and - 15th April; Mondovi, 22d April; Armistice of Cherasco with Sardinians, 28th April; + <dd>First Italian campaign of Napoleon against Austrians under Beaulieu, and Sardinians + under Colli. Battle of Montenotte, 12th April; Millesimo, 14th April; Dego, 14th and + 15th April; Mondovi, 22d April; Armistice of Cherasco with Sardinians, 28th April; Battle of Lodi, 10th May; Austrians beaten out of Lombardy, and Mantua besieged. </dd> <dt> 26. 1796.</dt> - <dd>July and August.—First attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battle of Lonato, 31st - July; Lonato and Castiglione, 3d Aug.; and, again, Castiglione, 5th and 6th Aug.; + <dd>July and August.—First attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battle of Lonato, 31st + July; Lonato and Castiglione, 3d Aug.; and, again, Castiglione, 5th and 6th Aug.; Wurmser beaten off, and Mantua again invested. </dd> <dt> 27. 1796.</dt> - <dd>Sept.—Second attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battle of Calliano, 4th Sept.; - Primolano, 7th Sept.; Bassano, 8th Sept.; St. Georges, 15th Sept.; Wurmser driven into + <dd>Sept.—Second attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battle of Calliano, 4th Sept.; + Primolano, 7th Sept.; Bassano, 8th Sept.; St. Georges, 15th Sept.; Wurmser driven into Mantua and invested there. </dd> <dt> 27. 1796.</dt> - <dd>Nov.—Third attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battles of Caldiero, 11th Nov., and + <dd>Nov.—Third attempt of Austrians to relieve Mantua; battles of Caldiero, 11th Nov., and Arcola, 15th, 16th., and 17th Nov.; Alvinzi driven off. </dd> <dt> 27. 1797.</dt> - <dd>Jan.—Fourth attempt to relieve Mantua; battles of Rivoli, 14th Jan., and Favorita, 16th + <dd>Jan.—Fourth attempt to relieve Mantua; battles of Rivoli, 14th Jan., and Favorita, 16th Jan.; Alvinzi again driven off. </dd> <dt> 27. 1797.</dt> @@ -4545,24 +4545,24 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_472'>472</span></div> </dd> <dt> 27. 1797.</dt> - <dd>March 10.—Napoleon commences his advance on the Archduke Charles; beats him at the + <dd>March 10.—Napoleon commences his advance on the Archduke Charles; beats him at the Tagliamento, 16th March; 18th April, provisional treaty of Leoben with Austria. </dd> <dt> 28. 1797.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 17.—Treaty of Campo Formio between France and Austria to replace that of Leoben; + <dd>Oct. 17.—Treaty of Campo Formio between France and Austria to replace that of Leoben; Venice partitioned, and itself now falls to Austria. </dd> <dt> 28. 1798.</dt> - <dd>Egyptian expedition. Napoleon sails from Toulon, 19th May; takes Malta, 10th June; lands - near Alexandria, 1st July; Alexandria taken, 2d July; battle of the Pyramids, 21st + <dd>Egyptian expedition. Napoleon sails from Toulon, 19th May; takes Malta, 10th June; lands + near Alexandria, 1st July; Alexandria taken, 2d July; battle of the Pyramids, 21st July; Cairo entered, 23d July. </dd> <dt> 28. 1798.</dt> <dd>Aug. 1 and 2.—Battle of the Nile. </dd> <dt> 29. 1799.</dt> - <dd>March 3.—Napoleon starts for Syria; 7th March, takes Jaffa; 18th March, invests St. Jean - d’Acre; 16th April, battle of Mount Tabor; 22d May, siege of Acre raised; Napoleon + <dd>March 3.—Napoleon starts for Syria; 7th March, takes Jaffa; 18th March, invests St. Jean + d’Acre; 16th April, battle of Mount Tabor; 22d May, siege of Acre raised; Napoleon reaches Cairo, 14th June. </dd> <dt> 29. 1799.</dt> @@ -4578,7 +4578,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>Dec. 25.—Napoleon, First Consul; Cambacérès, Second Consul; Lebrun, Third Consul. </dd> <dt> 30. 1800.</dt> - <dd>May and June.—Marengo campaign. 14th June, battle of Marengo; armistice signed by + <dd>May and June.—Marengo campaign. 14th June, battle of Marengo; armistice signed by Napoleon with Melas, 15th June. </dd> <dt> 31. 1800.</dt> @@ -4622,7 +4622,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>May 26.—Napoleon crowned king of Italy at Milan, with iron crown. </dd> <dt> 36. 1805.</dt> - <dd>Ulm campaign; 25th Sept., Napoleon crosses the Rhine; 14th Oct., battle of Elchingen; + <dd>Ulm campaign; 25th Sept., Napoleon crosses the Rhine; 14th Oct., battle of Elchingen; 20th Oct., Mack surrenders Ulm. </dd> <dt> 36. 1805.</dt> @@ -4638,39 +4638,39 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>July 1.—Confederation of the Rhine formed; Napoleon protector. </dd> <dt> 37. 1806.</dt> - <dd>Jena campaign with Prussia. Battles of Jena and of Auerstadt, 14th Oct.; Berlin + <dd>Jena campaign with Prussia. Battles of Jena and of Auerstadt, 14th Oct.; Berlin occupied, 27th Oct. </dd> <dt> 37. 1806.</dt> <dd>Nov. 21.—Berlin decrees issued. </dd> <dt> 37. 1807.</dt> - <dd>Feb. 8.—Battle of Eylau with Russians, indecisive; 14th June, battle of Friedland, + <dd>Feb. 8.—Battle of Eylau with Russians, indecisive; 14th June, battle of Friedland, decisive. </dd> <dt> 37. 1807.</dt> <dd>July 8 and 9.—Treaty of Tilsit signed. </dd> <dt> 38. 1807.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 27.—Secret treaty of Fontainebleau between France and Spain for the partition of + <dd>Oct. 27.—Secret treaty of Fontainebleau between France and Spain for the partition of Portugal. </dd> <dt> 38. 1808.</dt> - <dd>March.—French gradually occupy Spain; Joseph Bonaparte transferred from Naples to Spain; + <dd>March.—French gradually occupy Spain; Joseph Bonaparte transferred from Naples to Spain; replaced at Naples by Murat. </dd> <dt> 39. 1808.</dt> - <dd>Sept. 27 to Oct. 14.—Conferences at Erfurt between Napoleon, Alexander and German + <dd>Sept. 27 to Oct. 14.—Conferences at Erfurt between Napoleon, Alexander and German sovereigns. <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_474'>474</span></div> </dd> <dt> 39. 1808.</dt> - <dd>Nov. and Dec.—Napoleon beats the Spanish armies; enters Madrid; marches against Moore, + <dd>Nov. and Dec.—Napoleon beats the Spanish armies; enters Madrid; marches against Moore, but suddenly returns to France in January, 1809, to prepare for Austrian campaign. </dd> <dt> 39. 1809.</dt> - <dd>Campaign of Wagram. Austrians advance, 10th April; Napoleon occupies Vienna, 13th May; - beaten back at Essling, 22d May; finally crosses Danube, 4th July, and defeats + <dd>Campaign of Wagram. Austrians advance, 10th April; Napoleon occupies Vienna, 13th May; + beaten back at Essling, 22d May; finally crosses Danube, 4th July, and defeats Austrians at Wagram, 6th July. </dd> <dt> 40. 1809.</dt> @@ -4689,25 +4689,25 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>March 20.—The King of Rome, son of Napoleon, born. </dd> <dt> 43-43. 1812.</dt> - <dd>War with Russia; June 24, Napoleon crosses the Nieman; 7th Sept., battle of Moskwa or + <dd>War with Russia; June 24, Napoleon crosses the Nieman; 7th Sept., battle of Moskwa or Borodino; Napoleon enters Moscow, 15th Sept.; commences his retreat, 19th Oct. </dd> <dt> 43. 1812.</dt> <dd>Oct. 22-23.—Conspiracy of General Malet at Paris. </dd> <dt> 43. 1812.</dt> - <dd>Nov. 26-28.—Passage of the Beresina; 5th Dec., Napoleon leaves his army; arrives at + <dd>Nov. 26-28.—Passage of the Beresina; 5th Dec., Napoleon leaves his army; arrives at Paris, 18th Dec. </dd> <dt> 43-44. 1813.</dt> - <dd>Leipsic campaign. 2d May, Napoleon defeats Russians and Prussians at Lützen; and again, - on 20th-21st May, at Bautzen; 26th June, interview of Napoleon and Metternich at - Dresden; 10th Aug., midnight, Austria joins the allies; 26th-27th Aug., Napoleon defeats - allies at Dresden, but Vandamme is routed at Kulm on 30th Aug., and on 16th-19th Oct., + <dd>Leipsic campaign. 2d May, Napoleon defeats Russians and Prussians at Lützen; and again, + on 20th-21st May, at Bautzen; 26th June, interview of Napoleon and Metternich at + Dresden; 10th Aug., midnight, Austria joins the allies; 26th-27th Aug., Napoleon defeats + allies at Dresden, but Vandamme is routed at Kulm on 30th Aug., and on 16th-19th Oct., Napoleon is beaten at Leipsic. </dd> <dt> 44. 1814.</dt> - <dd>Allies advance into France; 29th Jan., battle of Brienne; 1st Feb., battle of La + <dd>Allies advance into France; 29th Jan., battle of Brienne; 1st Feb., battle of La Rothière. </dd> <dt> 44. 1814.</dt> @@ -4721,41 +4721,41 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <dd>March 7.—Battle of Craon; 9th-10th March, Laon; 20th March, Arcis sur l’Aube. </dd> <dt> 44. 1814.</dt> - <dd>March 21.—Napoleon commences his march to throw himself on the communications of the - allies; 25th March, allies commence their march on Paris; battle of La Fère - Champenoise, Marmont and Mortier beaten; 28th March, Napoleon turns back at St. Dizier + <dd>March 21.—Napoleon commences his march to throw himself on the communications of the + allies; 25th March, allies commence their march on Paris; battle of La Fère + Champenoise, Marmont and Mortier beaten; 28th March, Napoleon turns back at St. Dizier to follow allies; 29th March, empress and court leave Paris. </dd> <dt> 44. 1814.</dt> <dd>March 30.—Paris capitulates; allied sovereigns enter on 1st April. </dd> <dt> 44. 1814.</dt> - <dd>April 2.—Senate declares the deposition of Napoleon, who abdicates, conditionally, on - 4th April in favor of his son, and unconditionally on 6th April; Marmont’s corps - marches into the enemy’s lines on 5th April; on 11th April, Napoleon signs the treaty - giving him Elba for life; 20th April, Napoleon takes leave of the Guard at + <dd>April 2.—Senate declares the deposition of Napoleon, who abdicates, conditionally, on + 4th April in favor of his son, and unconditionally on 6th April; Marmont’s corps + marches into the enemy’s lines on 5th April; on 11th April, Napoleon signs the treaty + giving him Elba for life; 20th April, Napoleon takes leave of the Guard at Fontainebleau; 3d May, Louis XVIII. enters Paris; 4th May, Napoleon lands in Elba. </dd> <dt> 45. 1814.</dt> <dd>Oct. 3.—Congress of Vienna meets for settlement of Europe; actually opens 3d Nov. </dd> <dt> 45. 1815.</dt> - <dd>Feb. 26.—Napoleon quits Elba; lands near Cannes, 1st March; 19th March, Louis XVIII. + <dd>Feb. 26.—Napoleon quits Elba; lands near Cannes, 1st March; 19th March, Louis XVIII. leaves Paris; 20th March, Napoleon enters Paris. </dd> <dt> 45. 1815.</dt> <dd>June 16.—Battle of Ligny and Quatre Bras; 18th June, battle of Waterloo. </dd> <dt> 45-46. 1815.</dt> - <dd>June 29.—Napoleon leaves Malmaison for Rochefort; surrenders to English, 15th July; + <dd>June 29.—Napoleon leaves Malmaison for Rochefort; surrenders to English, 15th July; sails for St. Helena, 8th Aug.; arrives at St. Helena, 15th Oct. </dd> <dt>51 yrs. 8 mos. 1821.</dt> - <dd>May 5.—Napoleon dies, 5.45 <span class='fss'>P. M.</span>; buried, 8th May. + <dd>May 5.—Napoleon dies, 5.45 <span class='fss'>P. M.</span>; buried, 8th May. </dd> <dt> 1840.</dt> - <dd>Oct. 15.—Body of Napoleon disentombed; embarked in the “Belle Poule,” commanded by the - Prince de Joinville, son of Louis Philippe, on 16th Oct.; placed in the Invalides, 15th + <dd>Oct. 15.—Body of Napoleon disentombed; embarked in the “Belle Poule,” commanded by the + Prince de Joinville, son of Louis Philippe, on 16th Oct.; placed in the Invalides, 15th Dec., 1840. </dd> </dl> @@ -5326,7 +5326,7 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <li>Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. </li> - <li>Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of + <li>Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of each chapter. </li> </ol> @@ -5336,9 +5336,8 @@ to him.... His little reasonings amuse me exceedingly.”</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <hr class="full" /> -</div> -</div> <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 59322 ***</div> </body> </html> + |