initial commit of ebook 5921HEADmain

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+<!DOCTYPE html
+   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" >
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <title>
+      THE HISTORY OF DON QUIXOTE, Volume I
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify}
+    P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; }
+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; }
+    hr  { width: 50%; text-align: center;}
+    .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; }
+    blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+    .mynote    {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;}
+    .toc       { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;}
+    .toc2      { margin-left: 20%;}
+    .indent5   { margin-left: 5%;}
+    .indent10  { margin-left: 10%;}
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+    .figleft   {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;}
+    .figright  {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;}
+    .pagenum   {display:inline; font-size: 100%; font-style:normal;
+               margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%;
+               text-align: right;}
+    .side      { float: left; font-size: 75%; width: 25%; padding-left: 0.8em;
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+    pre        { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;}
+    -->
+</style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>
+      DON QUIXOTE
+    </h1>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I, Complete
+by Miguel de Cervantes
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
+
+
+Title: The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I, Complete
+
+Author: Miguel de Cervantes
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2004 [EBook #5921]
+Last Updated: October 19, 2012
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DON QUIXOTE, VOLUME I. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+    <div class="mynote">
+      <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/5921/old/orig5921-h/main.htm"><i>
+      LINK TO THE ORIGINAL HTMLL FILE: This Ebook Has Been Reformatted For
+      Better Appearance In Mobile Viewers Such As Kindles And Others. The
+      Original Format, Which The Editor Believes Has A More Attractive
+      Appearance For Laptops And Other Computers, May Be Viewed By Clicking On
+      This Box.</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      DON QUIXOTE
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      by Miguel de Cervantes
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      Translated by John Ormsby
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      Volume I.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="bookcover.jpg (230K)" src="images/bookcover.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/bookcover.jpg"><img alt="Full Size"
+      src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="spine.jpg (152K)" src="images/spine.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/spine.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      Ebook Editor's Note
+    </h4>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p>
+        The book cover and spine above and the images which follow were not part
+        of the original Ormsby translation&mdash;they are taken from the 1880
+        edition of J. W. Clark, illustrated by Gustave Dore. Clark in his
+        edition states that, "The English text of 'Don Quixote' adopted in this
+        edition is that of Jarvis, with occasional corrections from Motteaux."
+        See in the introduction below John Ormsby's critique of both the Jarvis
+        and Motteaux translations. It has been elected in the present Project
+        Gutenberg edition to attach the famous engravings of Gustave Dore to the
+        Ormsby translation instead of the Jarvis/Motteaux. The detail of many of
+        the Dore engravings can be fully appreciated only by utilizing the "Full
+        Size" button to expand them to their original dimensions. Ormsby in his
+        Preface has criticized the fanciful nature of Dore's illustrations;
+        others feel these woodcuts and steel engravings well match Quixote's
+        dreams. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.W.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p003.jpg (307K)" src="images/p003.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p003.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      CONTENTS
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a href="#ch1">CHAPTER I</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE CHARACTER AND
+      PURSUITS OF THE FAMOUS GENTLEMAN DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch2">CHAPTER II</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE FIRST SALLY THE INGENIOUS
+      DON QUIXOTE MADE FROM HOME <br /><br /><a href="#ch3">CHAPTER III</a>
+      WHEREIN IS RELATED THE DROLL WAY IN WHICH DON QUIXOTE HAD HIMSELF DUBBED A
+      KNIGHT <br /><br /><a href="#ch4">CHAPTER IV</a> OF WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR
+      KNIGHT WHEN HE LEFT THE INN <br /><br /><a href="#ch5">CHAPTER V</a> IN
+      WHICH THE NARRATIVE OF OUR KNIGHT'S MISHAP IS CONTINUED <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch6">CHAPTER VI</a> OF THE DIVERTING AND IMPORTANT SCRUTINY WHICH
+      THE CURATE AND THE BARBER MADE IN THE LIBRARY OF OUR INGENIOUS GENTLEMAN
+      <br /><br /><a href="#ch7">CHAPTER VII</a> OF THE SECOND SALLY OF OUR WORTHY
+      KNIGHT DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA <br /><br /><a href="#ch8">CHAPTER VIII</a>
+      OF THE GOOD FORTUNE WHICH THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE HAD IN THE TERRIBLE AND
+      UNDREAMT-OF ADVENTURE OF THE WINDMILLS, WITH OTHER OCCURRENCES WORTHY TO
+      BE FITLY RECORDED <br /><br /><a href="#ch9">CHAPTER IX</a> IN WHICH IS
+      CONCLUDED AND FINISHED THE TERRIFIC BATTLE BETWEEN THE GALLANT BISCAYAN
+      AND THE VALIANT MANCHEGAN <br /><br /><a href="#ch10">CHAPTER X</a> OF THE
+      PLEASANT DISCOURSE THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND HIS SQUIRE SANCHO
+      PANZA <br /><br /><a href="#ch11">CHAPTER XI</a> OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE
+      WITH CERTAIN GOATHERDS <br /><br /><a href="#ch12">CHAPTER XII</a> OF WHAT A
+      GOATHERD RELATED TO THOSE WITH DON QUIXOTE <br /><br /><a href="#ch13">CHAPTER
+      XIII</a> IN WHICH IS ENDED THE STORY OF THE SHEPHERDESS MARCELA, WITH
+      OTHER INCIDENTS <br /><br /><a href="#ch14">CHAPTER XIV</a> WHEREIN ARE
+      INSERTED THE DESPAIRING VERSES OF THE DEAD SHEPHERD, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
+      INCIDENTS NOT LOOKED FOR <br /><br /><a href="#ch15">CHAPTER XV</a> IN WHICH
+      IS RELATED THE UNFORTUNATE ADVENTURE THAT DON QUIXOTE FELL IN WITH WHEN HE
+      FELL OUT WITH CERTAIN HEARTLESS YANGUESANS <br /><br /><a href="#ch16">CHAPTER
+      XVI</a> OF WHAT HAPPENED TO THE INGENIOUS GENTLEMAN IN THE INN WHICH HE
+      TOOK TO BE A CASTLE <br /><br /><a href="#ch17">CHAPTER XVII</a> IN WHICH
+      ARE CONTAINED THE INNUMERABLE TROUBLES WHICH THE BRAVE DON QUIXOTE AND HIS
+      GOOD SQUIRE SANCHO PANZA ENDURED IN THE INN, WHICH TO HIS MISFORTUNE HE
+      TOOK TO BE A CASTLE <br /><br /><a href="#ch18">CHAPTER XVIII</a> IN WHICH
+      IS RELATED THE DISCOURSE SANCHO PANZA HELD WITH HIS MASTER, DON QUIXOTE,
+      AND OTHER ADVENTURES WORTH RELATING <br /><br /><a href="#ch19">CHAPTER XIX</a>
+      OF THE SHREWD DISCOURSE WHICH SANCHO HELD WITH HIS MASTER, AND OF THE
+      ADVENTURE THAT BEFELL HIM WITH A DEAD BODY, TOGETHER WITH OTHER NOTABLE
+      OCCURRENCES <br /><br /><a href="#ch20">CHAPTER XX</a> OF THE UNEXAMPLED AND
+      UNHEARD-OF ADVENTURE WHICH WAS ACHIEVED BY THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE OF LA
+      MANCHA WITH LESS PERIL THAN ANY EVER ACHIEVED BY ANY FAMOUS KNIGHT IN THE
+      WORLD <br /><br /><a href="#ch21">CHAPTER XXI</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE
+      EXALTED ADVENTURE AND RICH PRIZE OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
+      THINGS THAT HAPPENED TO OUR INVINCIBLE KNIGHT <br /><br /><a href="#ch22">CHAPTER
+      XXII</a> OF THE FREEDOM DON QUIXOTE CONFERRED ON SEVERAL UNFORTUNATES WHO
+      AGAINST THEIR WILL WERE BEING CARRIED WHERE THEY HAD NO WISH TO GO <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch23">CHAPTER XXIII</a> OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE IN THE SIERRA
+      MORENA, WHICH WAS ONE OF THE RAREST ADVENTURES RELATED IN THIS VERACIOUS
+      HISTORY <br /><br /><a href="#ch24">CHAPTER XXIV</a> IN WHICH IS CONTINUED
+      THE ADVENTURE OF THE SIERRA MORENA <br /><br /><a href="#ch25">CHAPTER XXV</a>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE THINGS THAT HAPPENED TO THE STOUT KNIGHT OF LA
+      MANCHA IN THE SIERRA MORENA, AND OF HIS IMITATION OF THE PENANCE OF
+      BELTENEBROS <br /><br /><a href="#ch26">CHAPTER XXVI</a> IN WHICH ARE
+      CONTINUED THE REFINEMENTS WHEREWITH DON QUIXOTE PLAYED THE PART OF A LOVER
+      IN THE SIERRA MORENA <br /><br /><a href="#ch27">CHAPTER XXVII</a> OF HOW
+      THE CURATE AND THE BARBER PROCEEDED WITH THEIR SCHEME; TOGETHER WITH OTHER
+      MATTERS WORTHY OF RECORD IN THIS GREAT HISTORY <br /><br /><a href="#ch28">CHAPTER
+      XXVIII</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE AND DELIGHTFUL ADVENTURE THAT
+      BEFELL THE CURATE AND THE BARBER IN THE SAME SIERRA <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch29">CHAPTER XXIX</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE DROLL DEVICE AND METHOD
+      ADOPTED TO EXTRICATE OUR LOVE-STRICKEN KNIGHT FROM THE SEVERE PENANCE HE
+      HAD IMPOSED UPON HIMSELF <br /><br /><a href="#ch30">CHAPTER XXX</a> WHICH
+      TREATS OF ADDRESS DISPLAYED BY THE FAIR DOROTHEA, WITH OTHER MATTERS
+      PLEASANT AND AMUSING <br /><br /><a href="#ch31">CHAPTER XXXI</a> OF THE
+      DELECTABLE DISCUSSION BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND SANCHO PANZA, HIS SQUIRE,
+      TOGETHER WITH OTHER INCIDENTS <br /><br /><a href="#ch32">CHAPTER XXXII</a>
+      WHICH TREATS OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE'S PARTY AT THE INN <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch33">CHAPTER XXXIII</a> IN WHICH IS RELATED THE NOVEL OF "THE
+      ILL-ADVISED CURIOSITY" <br /><br /><a href="#ch34">CHAPTER XXXIV</a> IN
+      WHICH IS CONTINUED THE NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CURIOSITY" <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch35">CHAPTER XXXV</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE HEROIC AND PRODIGIOUS
+      BATTLE DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH CERTAIN SKINS OF RED WINE, AND BRINGS THE
+      NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CURIOSITY" TO A CLOSE <br /><br /><a href="#ch36">CHAPTER
+      XXXVI</a> WHICH TREATS OF MORE CURIOUS INCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED AT THE INN
+      <br /><br /><a href="#ch37">CHAPTER XXXVII</a> IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE
+      STORY OF THE FAMOUS PRINCESS MICOMICONA, WITH OTHER DROLL ADVENTURES <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch38">CHAPTER XXXVIII</a> WHICH TREATS OF THE CURIOUS DISCOURSE DON
+      QUIXOTE DELIVERED ON ARMS AND LETTERS <br /><br /><a href="#ch39">CHAPTER
+      XXXIX</a> WHEREIN THE CAPTIVE RELATES HIS LIFE AND ADVENTURES <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch40">CHAPTER XL</a> IN WHICH THE STORY OF THE CAPTIVE IS CONTINUED
+      <br /><br /><a href="#ch41">CHAPTER XLI</a> IN WHICH THE CAPTIVE STILL
+      CONTINUES HIS ADVENTURES <br /><br /><a href="#ch42">CHAPTER XLII</a> WHICH
+      TREATS OF WHAT FURTHER TOOK PLACE IN THE INN, AND OF SEVERAL OTHER THINGS
+      WORTH KNOWING <br /><br /><a href="#ch43">CHAPTER XLIII</a> WHEREIN IS
+      RELATED THE PLEASANT STORY OF THE MULETEER, TOGETHER WITH OTHER STRANGE
+      THINGS THAT CAME TO PASS IN THE INN <br /><br /><a href="#ch44">CHAPTER XLIV</a>
+      IN WHICH ARE CONTINUED THE UNHEARD-OF ADVENTURES OF THE INN <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch45">CHAPTER XLV</a> IN WHICH THE DOUBTFUL QUESTION OF MAMBRINO'S
+      HELMET AND THE PACK-SADDLE IS FINALLY SETTLED, WITH OTHER ADVENTURES THAT
+      OCCURRED IN TRUTH AND EARNEST <br /><br /><a href="#ch46">CHAPTER XLVI</a>
+      OF THE END OF THE NOTABLE ADVENTURE OF THE OFFICERS OF THE HOLY
+      BROTHERHOOD; AND OF THE GREAT FEROCITY OF OUR WORTHY KNIGHT, DON QUIXOTE
+      <br /><br /><a href="#ch47">CHAPTER XLVII</a> OF THE STRANGE MANNER IN WHICH
+      DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA WAS CARRIED AWAY ENCHANTED, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
+      REMARKABLE INCIDENTS <br /><br /><a href="#ch48">CHAPTER XLVIII</a> IN WHICH
+      THE CANON PURSUES THE SUBJECT OF THE BOOKS OF CHIVALRY, WITH OTHER MATTERS
+      WORTHY OF HIS WIT <br /><br /><a href="#ch49">CHAPTER XLIX</a> WHICH TREATS
+      OF THE SHREWD CONVERSATION WHICH SANCHO PANZA HELD WITH HIS MASTER DON
+      QUIXOTE <br /><br /><a href="#ch50">CHAPTER L</a> OF THE SHREWD CONTROVERSY
+      WHICH DON QUIXOTE AND THE CANON HELD, TOGETHER WITH OTHER INCIDENTS <br /><br /><a
+      href="#ch51">CHAPTER LI</a> WHICH DEALS WITH WHAT THE GOATHERD TOLD THOSE
+      WHO WERE CARRYING OFF DON QUIXOTE <br /><br /><a href="#ch52">CHAPTER LII</a>
+      OF THE QUARREL THAT DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH THE GOATHERD, TOGETHER WITH THE
+      RARE ADVENTURE OF THE PENITENTS, WHICH WITH AN EXPENDITURE OF SWEAT HE
+      BROUGHT TO A HAPPY CONCLUSION <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      I: ABOUT THIS TRANSLATION
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It was with considerable reluctance that I abandoned in favour of the
+      present undertaking what had long been a favourite project: that of a new
+      edition of Shelton's "Don Quixote," which has now become a somewhat scarce
+      book. There are some&mdash;and I confess myself to be one&mdash;for whom
+      Shelton's racy old version, with all its defects, has a charm that no
+      modern translation, however skilful or correct, could possess. Shelton had
+      the inestimable advantage of belonging to the same generation as
+      Cervantes; "Don Quixote" had to him a vitality that only a contemporary
+      could feel; it cost him no dramatic effort to see things as Cervantes saw
+      them; there is no anachronism in his language; he put the Spanish of
+      Cervantes into the English of Shakespeare. Shakespeare himself most likely
+      knew the book; he may have carried it home with him in his saddle-bags to
+      Stratford on one of his last journeys, and under the mulberry tree at New
+      Place joined hands with a kindred genius in its pages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it was soon made plain to me that to hope for even a moderate
+      popularity for Shelton was vain. His fine old crusted English would, no
+      doubt, be relished by a minority, but it would be only by a minority. His
+      warmest admirers must admit that he is not a satisfactory representative
+      of Cervantes. His translation of the First Part was very hastily made and
+      was never revised by him. It has all the freshness and vigour, but also a
+      full measure of the faults, of a hasty production. It is often very
+      literal&mdash;barbarously literal frequently&mdash;but just as often very
+      loose. He had evidently a good colloquial knowledge of Spanish, but
+      apparently not much more. It never seems to occur to him that the same
+      translation of a word will not suit in every case.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is often said that we have no satisfactory translation of "Don
+      Quixote." To those who are familiar with the original, it savours of
+      truism or platitude to say so, for in truth there can be no thoroughly
+      satisfactory translation of "Don Quixote" into English or any other
+      language. It is not that the Spanish idioms are so utterly unmanageable,
+      or that the untranslatable words, numerous enough no doubt, are so
+      superabundant, but rather that the sententious terseness to which the
+      humour of the book owes its flavour is peculiar to Spanish, and can at
+      best be only distantly imitated in any other tongue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The history of our English translations of "Don Quixote" is instructive.
+      Shelton's, the first in any language, was made, apparently, about 1608,
+      but not published till 1612. This of course was only the First Part. It
+      has been asserted that the Second, published in 1620, is not the work of
+      Shelton, but there is nothing to support the assertion save the fact that
+      it has less spirit, less of what we generally understand by "go," about it
+      than the first, which would be only natural if the first were the work of
+      a young man writing currente calamo, and the second that of a middle-aged
+      man writing for a bookseller. On the other hand, it is closer and more
+      literal, the style is the same, the very same translations, or
+      mistranslations, occur in it, and it is extremely unlikely that a new
+      translator would, by suppressing his name, have allowed Shelton to carry
+      off the credit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1687 John Phillips, Milton's nephew, produced a "Don Quixote" "made
+      English," he says, "according to the humour of our modern language." His
+      "Quixote" is not so much a translation as a travesty, and a travesty that
+      for coarseness, vulgarity, and buffoonery is almost unexampled even in the
+      literature of that day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ned Ward's "Life and Notable Adventures of Don Quixote, merrily translated
+      into Hudibrastic Verse" (1700), can scarcely be reckoned a translation,
+      but it serves to show the light in which "Don Quixote" was regarded at the
+      time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A further illustration may be found in the version published in 1712 by
+      Peter Motteux, who had then recently combined tea-dealing with literature.
+      It is described as "translated from the original by several hands," but if
+      so all Spanish flavour has entirely evaporated under the manipulation of
+      the several hands. The flavour that it has, on the other hand, is
+      distinctly Franco-cockney. Anyone who compares it carefully with the
+      original will have little doubt that it is a concoction from Shelton and
+      the French of Filleau de Saint Martin, eked out by borrowings from
+      Phillips, whose mode of treatment it adopts. It is, to be sure, more
+      decent and decorous, but it treats "Don Quixote" in the same fashion as a
+      comic book that cannot be made too comic.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To attempt to improve the humour of "Don Quixote" by an infusion of
+      cockney flippancy and facetiousness, as Motteux's operators did, is not
+      merely an impertinence like larding a sirloin of prize beef, but an
+      absolute falsification of the spirit of the book, and it is a proof of the
+      uncritical way in which "Don Quixote" is generally read that this worse
+      than worthless translation&mdash;worthless as failing to represent, worse
+      than worthless as misrepresenting&mdash;should have been favoured as it
+      has been.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It had the effect, however, of bringing out a translation undertaken and
+      executed in a very different spirit, that of Charles Jervas, the portrait
+      painter, and friend of Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and Gay. Jervas has been
+      allowed little credit for his work, indeed it may be said none, for it is
+      known to the world in general as Jarvis's. It was not published until
+      after his death, and the printers gave the name according to the current
+      pronunciation of the day. It has been the most freely used and the most
+      freely abused of all the translations. It has seen far more editions than
+      any other, it is admitted on all hands to be by far the most faithful, and
+      yet nobody seems to have a good word to say for it or for its author.
+      Jervas no doubt prejudiced readers against himself in his preface, where
+      among many true words about Shelton, Stevens, and Motteux, he rashly and
+      unjustly charges Shelton with having translated not from the Spanish, but
+      from the Italian version of Franciosini, which did not appear until ten
+      years after Shelton's first volume. A suspicion of incompetence, too,
+      seems to have attached to him because he was by profession a painter and a
+      mediocre one (though he has given us the best portrait we have of Swift),
+      and this may have been strengthened by Pope's remark that he "translated
+      'Don Quixote' without understanding Spanish." He has been also charged
+      with borrowing from Shelton, whom he disparaged. It is true that in a few
+      difficult or obscure passages he has followed Shelton, and gone astray
+      with him; but for one case of this sort, there are fifty where he is right
+      and Shelton wrong. As for Pope's dictum, anyone who examines Jervas's
+      version carefully, side by side with the original, will see that he was a
+      sound Spanish scholar, incomparably a better one than Shelton, except
+      perhaps in mere colloquial Spanish. He was, in fact, an honest, faithful,
+      and painstaking translator, and he has left a version which, whatever its
+      shortcomings may be, is singularly free from errors and mistranslations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The charge against it is that it is stiff, dry&mdash;"wooden" in a word,&mdash;and
+      no one can deny that there is a foundation for it. But it may be pleaded
+      for Jervas that a good deal of this rigidity is due to his abhorrence of
+      the light, flippant, jocose style of his predecessors. He was one of the
+      few, very few, translators that have shown any apprehension of the
+      unsmiling gravity which is the essence of Quixotic humour; it seemed to
+      him a crime to bring Cervantes forward smirking and grinning at his own
+      good things, and to this may be attributed in a great measure the ascetic
+      abstinence from everything savouring of liveliness which is the
+      characteristic of his translation. In most modern editions, it should be
+      observed, his style has been smoothed and smartened, but without any
+      reference to the original Spanish, so that if he has been made to read
+      more agreeably he has also been robbed of his chief merit of fidelity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Smollett's version, published in 1755, may be almost counted as one of
+      these. At any rate it is plain that in its construction Jervas's
+      translation was very freely drawn upon, and very little or probably no
+      heed given to the original Spanish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The later translations may be dismissed in a few words. George Kelly's,
+      which appeared in 1769, "printed for the Translator," was an impudent
+      imposture, being nothing more than Motteux's version with a few of the
+      words, here and there, artfully transposed; Charles Wilmot's (1774) was
+      only an abridgment like Florian's, but not so skilfully executed; and the
+      version published by Miss Smirke in 1818, to accompany her brother's
+      plates, was merely a patchwork production made out of former translations.
+      On the latest, Mr. A. J. Duffield's, it would be in every sense of the
+      word impertinent in me to offer an opinion here. I had not even seen it
+      when the present undertaking was proposed to me, and since then I may say
+      vidi tantum, having for obvious reasons resisted the temptation which Mr.
+      Duffield's reputation and comely volumes hold out to every lover of
+      Cervantes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From the foregoing history of our translations of "Don Quixote," it will
+      be seen that there are a good many people who, provided they get the mere
+      narrative with its full complement of facts, incidents, and adventures
+      served up to them in a form that amuses them, care very little whether
+      that form is the one in which Cervantes originally shaped his ideas. On
+      the other hand, it is clear that there are many who desire to have not
+      merely the story he tells, but the story as he tells it, so far at least
+      as differences of idiom and circumstances permit, and who will give a
+      preference to the conscientious translator, even though he may have
+      acquitted himself somewhat awkwardly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But after all there is no real antagonism between the two classes; there
+      is no reason why what pleases the one should not please the other, or why
+      a translator who makes it his aim to treat "Don Quixote" with the respect
+      due to a great classic, should not be as acceptable even to the careless
+      reader as the one who treats it as a famous old jest-book. It is not a
+      question of caviare to the general, or, if it is, the fault rests with him
+      who makes so. The method by which Cervantes won the ear of the Spanish
+      people ought, mutatis mutandis, to be equally effective with the great
+      majority of English readers. At any rate, even if there are readers to
+      whom it is a matter of indifference, fidelity to the method is as much a
+      part of the translator's duty as fidelity to the matter. If he can please
+      all parties, so much the better; but his first duty is to those who look
+      to him for as faithful a representation of his author as it is in his
+      power to give them, faithful to the letter so long as fidelity is
+      practicable, faithful to the spirit so far as he can make it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      My purpose here is not to dogmatise on the rules of translation, but to
+      indicate those I have followed, or at least tried to the best of my
+      ability to follow, in the present instance. One which, it seems to me,
+      cannot be too rigidly followed in translating "Don Quixote," is to avoid
+      everything that savours of affectation. The book itself is, indeed, in one
+      sense a protest against it, and no man abhorred it more than Cervantes.
+      For this reason, I think, any temptation to use antiquated or obsolete
+      language should be resisted. It is after all an affectation, and one for
+      which there is no warrant or excuse. Spanish has probably undergone less
+      change since the seventeenth century than any language in Europe, and by
+      far the greater and certainly the best part of "Don Quixote" differs but
+      little in language from the colloquial Spanish of the present day. Except
+      in the tales and Don Quixote's speeches, the translator who uses the
+      simplest and plainest everyday language will almost always be the one who
+      approaches nearest to the original.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing that the story of "Don Quixote" and all its characters and
+      incidents have now been for more than two centuries and a half familiar as
+      household words in English mouths, it seems to me that the old familiar
+      names and phrases should not be changed without good reason. Of course a
+      translator who holds that "Don Quixote" should receive the treatment a
+      great classic deserves, will feel himself bound by the injunction laid
+      upon the Morisco in Chap. IX not to omit or add anything.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      II: ABOUT CERVANTES AND DON QUIXOTE
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Four generations had laughed over "Don Quixote" before it occurred to
+      anyone to ask, who and what manner of man was this Miguel de Cervantes
+      Saavedra whose name is on the title-page; and it was too late for a
+      satisfactory answer to the question when it was proposed to add a life of
+      the author to the London edition published at Lord Carteret's instance in
+      1738. All traces of the personality of Cervantes had by that time
+      disappeared. Any floating traditions that may once have existed,
+      transmitted from men who had known him, had long since died out, and of
+      other record there was none; for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
+      were incurious as to "the men of the time," a reproach against which the
+      nineteenth has, at any rate, secured itself, if it has produced no
+      Shakespeare or Cervantes. All that Mayans y Siscar, to whom the task was
+      entrusted, or any of those who followed him, Rios, Pellicer, or Navarrete,
+      could do was to eke out the few allusions Cervantes makes to himself in
+      his various prefaces with such pieces of documentary evidence bearing upon
+      his life as they could find.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This, however, has been done by the last-named biographer to such good
+      purpose that he has superseded all predecessors. Thoroughness is the chief
+      characteristic of Navarrete's work. Besides sifting, testing, and
+      methodising with rare patience and judgment what had been previously
+      brought to light, he left, as the saying is, no stone unturned under which
+      anything to illustrate his subject might possibly be found. Navarrete has
+      done all that industry and acumen could do, and it is no fault of his if
+      he has not given us what we want. What Hallam says of Shakespeare may be
+      applied to the almost parallel case of Cervantes: "It is not the register
+      of his baptism, or the draft of his will, or the orthography of his name
+      that we seek; no letter of his writing, no record of his conversation, no
+      character of him drawn ... by a contemporary has been produced."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is only natural, therefore, that the biographers of Cervantes, forced
+      to make brick without straw, should have recourse largely to conjecture,
+      and that conjecture should in some instances come by degrees to take the
+      place of established fact. All that I propose to do here is to separate
+      what is matter of fact from what is matter of conjecture, and leave it to
+      the reader's judgment to decide whether the data justify the inference or
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The men whose names by common consent stand in the front rank of Spanish
+      literature, Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Calderon, Garcilaso de la
+      Vega, the Mendozas, Gongora, were all men of ancient families, and,
+      curiously, all, except the last, of families that traced their origin to
+      the same mountain district in the North of Spain. The family of Cervantes
+      is commonly said to have been of Galician origin, and unquestionably it
+      was in possession of lands in Galicia at a very early date; but I think
+      the balance of the evidence tends to show that the "solar," the original
+      site of the family, was at Cervatos in the north-west corner of Old
+      Castile, close to the junction of Castile, Leon, and the Asturias. As it
+      happens, there is a complete history of the Cervantes family from the
+      tenth century down to the seventeenth extant under the title of
+      "Illustrious Ancestry, Glorious Deeds, and Noble Posterity of the Famous
+      Nuno Alfonso, Alcaide of Toledo," written in 1648 by the industrious
+      genealogist Rodrigo Mendez Silva, who availed himself of a manuscript
+      genealogy by Juan de Mena, the poet laureate and historiographer of John
+      II.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The origin of the name Cervantes is curious. Nuno Alfonso was almost as
+      distinguished in the struggle against the Moors in the reign of Alfonso
+      VII as the Cid had been half a century before in that of Alfonso VI, and
+      was rewarded by divers grants of land in the neighbourhood of Toledo. On
+      one of his acquisitions, about two leagues from the city, he built himself
+      a castle which he called Cervatos, because "he was lord of the solar of
+      Cervatos in the Montana," as the mountain region extending from the Basque
+      Provinces to Leon was always called. At his death in battle in 1143, the
+      castle passed by his will to his son Alfonso Munio, who, as territorial or
+      local surnames were then coming into vogue in place of the simple
+      patronymic, took the additional name of Cervatos. His eldest son Pedro
+      succeeded him in the possession of the castle, and followed his example in
+      adopting the name, an assumption at which the younger son, Gonzalo, seems
+      to have taken umbrage.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Everyone who has paid even a flying visit to Toledo will remember the
+      ruined castle that crowns the hill above the spot where the bridge of
+      Alcantara spans the gorge of the Tagus, and with its broken outline and
+      crumbling walls makes such an admirable pendant to the square solid
+      Alcazar towering over the city roofs on the opposite side. It was built,
+      or as some say restored, by Alfonso VI shortly after his occupation of
+      Toledo in 1085, and called by him San Servando after a Spanish martyr, a
+      name subsequently modified into San Servan (in which form it appears in
+      the "Poem of the Cid"), San Servantes, and San Cervantes: with regard to
+      which last the "Handbook for Spain" warns its readers against the
+      supposition that it has anything to do with the author of "Don Quixote."
+      Ford, as all know who have taken him for a companion and counsellor on the
+      roads of Spain, is seldom wrong in matters of literature or history. In
+      this instance, however, he is in error. It has everything to do with the
+      author of "Don Quixote," for it is in fact these old walls that have given
+      to Spain the name she is proudest of to-day. Gonzalo, above mentioned, it
+      may be readily conceived, did not relish the appropriation by his brother
+      of a name to which he himself had an equal right, for though nominally
+      taken from the castle, it was in reality derived from the ancient
+      territorial possession of the family, and as a set-off, and to distinguish
+      himself (diferenciarse) from his brother, he took as a surname the name of
+      the castle on the bank of the Tagus, in the building of which, according
+      to a family tradition, his great-grandfather had a share.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Both brothers founded families. The Cervantes branch had more tenacity; it
+      sent offshoots in various directions, Andalusia, Estremadura, Galicia, and
+      Portugal, and produced a goodly line of men distinguished in the service
+      of Church and State. Gonzalo himself, and apparently a son of his,
+      followed Ferdinand III in the great campaign of 1236-48 that gave Cordova
+      and Seville to Christian Spain and penned up the Moors in the kingdom of
+      Granada, and his descendants intermarried with some of the noblest
+      families of the Peninsula and numbered among them soldiers, magistrates,
+      and Church dignitaries, including at least two cardinal-archbishops.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of the line that settled in Andalusia, Deigo de Cervantes, Commander of
+      the Order of Santiago, married Juana Avellaneda, daughter of Juan Arias de
+      Saavedra, and had several sons, of whom one was Gonzalo Gomez, Corregidor
+      of Jerez and ancestor of the Mexican and Columbian branches of the family;
+      and another, Juan, whose son Rodrigo married Dona Leonor de Cortinas, and
+      by her had four children, Rodrigo, Andrea, Luisa, and Miguel, our author.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The pedigree of Cervantes is not without its bearing on "Don Quixote." A
+      man who could look back upon an ancestry of genuine knights-errant
+      extending from well-nigh the time of Pelayo to the siege of Granada was
+      likely to have a strong feeling on the subject of the sham chivalry of the
+      romances. It gives a point, too, to what he says in more than one place
+      about families that have once been great and have tapered away until they
+      have come to nothing, like a pyramid. It was the case of his own.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was born at Alcala de Henares and baptised in the church of Santa Maria
+      Mayor on the 9th of October, 1547. Of his boyhood and youth we know
+      nothing, unless it be from the glimpse he gives us in the preface to his
+      "Comedies" of himself as a boy looking on with delight while Lope de Rueda
+      and his company set up their rude plank stage in the plaza and acted the
+      rustic farces which he himself afterwards took as the model of his
+      interludes. This first glimpse, however, is a significant one, for it
+      shows the early development of that love of the drama which exercised such
+      an influence on his life and seems to have grown stronger as he grew
+      older, and of which this very preface, written only a few months before
+      his death, is such a striking proof. He gives us to understand, too, that
+      he was a great reader in his youth; but of this no assurance was needed,
+      for the First Part of "Don Quixote" alone proves a vast amount of
+      miscellaneous reading, romances of chivalry, ballads, popular poetry,
+      chronicles, for which he had no time or opportunity except in the first
+      twenty years of his life; and his misquotations and mistakes in matters of
+      detail are always, it may be noticed, those of a man recalling the reading
+      of his boyhood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Other things besides the drama were in their infancy when Cervantes was a
+      boy. The period of his boyhood was in every way a transition period for
+      Spain. The old chivalrous Spain had passed away. The new Spain was the
+      mightiest power the world had seen since the Roman Empire and it had not
+      yet been called upon to pay the price of its greatness. By the policy of
+      Ferdinand and Ximenez the sovereign had been made absolute, and the Church
+      and Inquisition adroitly adjusted to keep him so. The nobles, who had
+      always resisted absolutism as strenuously as they had fought the Moors,
+      had been divested of all political power, a like fate had befallen the
+      cities, the free constitutions of Castile and Aragon had been swept away,
+      and the only function that remained to the Cortes was that of granting
+      money at the King's dictation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The transition extended to literature. Men who, like Garcilaso de la Vega
+      and Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, followed the Italian wars, had brought back
+      from Italy the products of the post-Renaissance literature, which took
+      root and flourished and even threatened to extinguish the native growths.
+      Damon and Thyrsis, Phyllis and Chloe had been fairly naturalised in Spain,
+      together with all the devices of pastoral poetry for investing with an air
+      of novelty the idea of a dispairing shepherd and inflexible shepherdess.
+      As a set-off against this, the old historical and traditional ballads, and
+      the true pastorals, the songs and ballads of peasant life, were being
+      collected assiduously and printed in the cancioneros that succeeded one
+      another with increasing rapidity. But the most notable consequence,
+      perhaps, of the spread of printing was the flood of romances of chivalry
+      that had continued to pour from the press ever since Garci Ordonez de
+      Montalvo had resuscitated "Amadis of Gaul" at the beginning of the
+      century.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For a youth fond of reading, solid or light, there could have been no
+      better spot in Spain than Alcala de Henares in the middle of the sixteenth
+      century. It was then a busy, populous university town, something more than
+      the enterprising rival of Salamanca, and altogether a very different place
+      from the melancholy, silent, deserted Alcala the traveller sees now as he
+      goes from Madrid to Saragossa. Theology and medicine may have been the
+      strong points of the university, but the town itself seems to have
+      inclined rather to the humanities and light literature, and as a producer
+      of books Alcala was already beginning to compete with the older presses of
+      Toledo, Burgos, Salamanca and Seville.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A pendant to the picture Cervantes has given us of his first playgoings
+      might, no doubt, have been often seen in the streets of Alcala at that
+      time; a bright, eager, tawny-haired boy peering into a book-shop where the
+      latest volumes lay open to tempt the public, wondering, it may be, what
+      that little book with the woodcut of the blind beggar and his boy, that
+      called itself "Vida de Lazarillo de Tormes, segunda impresion," could be
+      about; or with eyes brimming over with merriment gazing at one of those
+      preposterous portraits of a knight-errant in outrageous panoply and plumes
+      with which the publishers of chivalry romances loved to embellish the
+      title-pages of their folios. If the boy was the father of the man, the
+      sense of the incongruous that was strong at fifty was lively at ten, and
+      some such reflections as these may have been the true genesis of "Don
+      Quixote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For his more solid education, we are told, he went to Salamanca. But why
+      Rodrigo de Cervantes, who was very poor, should have sent his son to a
+      university a hundred and fifty miles away when he had one at his own door,
+      would be a puzzle, if we had any reason for supposing that he did so. The
+      only evidence is a vague statement by Professor Tomas Gonzalez, that he
+      once saw an old entry of the matriculation of a Miguel de Cervantes. This
+      does not appear to have been ever seen again; but even if it had, and if
+      the date corresponded, it would prove nothing, as there were at least two
+      other Miguels born about the middle of the century; one of them, moreover,
+      a Cervantes Saavedra, a cousin, no doubt, who was a source of great
+      embarrassment to the biographers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That he was a student neither at Salamanca nor at Alcala is best proved by
+      his own works. No man drew more largely upon experience than he did, and
+      he has nowhere left a single reminiscence of student life&mdash;for the
+      "Tia Fingida," if it be his, is not one&mdash;nothing, not even "a college
+      joke," to show that he remembered days that most men remember best. All
+      that we know positively about his education is that Juan Lopez de Hoyos, a
+      professor of humanities and belles-lettres of some eminence, calls him his
+      "dear and beloved pupil." This was in a little collection of verses by
+      different hands on the death of Isabel de Valois, second queen of Philip
+      II, published by the professor in 1569, to which Cervantes contributed
+      four pieces, including an elegy, and an epitaph in the form of a sonnet.
+      It is only by a rare chance that a "Lycidas" finds its way into a volume
+      of this sort, and Cervantes was no Milton. His verses are no worse than
+      such things usually are; so much, at least, may be said for them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the time the book appeared he had left Spain, and, as fate ordered it,
+      for twelve years, the most eventful ones of his life. Giulio, afterwards
+      Cardinal, Acquaviva had been sent at the end of 1568 to Philip II by the
+      Pope on a mission, partly of condolence, partly political, and on his
+      return to Rome, which was somewhat brusquely expedited by the King, he
+      took Cervantes with him as his camarero (chamberlain), the office he
+      himself held in the Pope's household. The post would no doubt have led to
+      advancement at the Papal Court had Cervantes retained it, but in the
+      summer of 1570 he resigned it and enlisted as a private soldier in Captain
+      Diego Urbina's company, belonging to Don Miguel de Moncada's regiment, but
+      at that time forming a part of the command of Marc Antony Colonna. What
+      impelled him to this step we know not, whether it was distaste for the
+      career before him, or purely military enthusiasm. It may well have been
+      the latter, for it was a stirring time; the events, however, which led to
+      the alliance between Spain, Venice, and the Pope, against the common
+      enemy, the Porte, and to the victory of the combined fleets at Lepanto,
+      belong rather to the history of Europe than to the life of Cervantes. He
+      was one of those that sailed from Messina, in September 1571, under the
+      command of Don John of Austria; but on the morning of the 7th of October,
+      when the Turkish fleet was sighted, he was lying below ill with fever. At
+      the news that the enemy was in sight he rose, and, in spite of the
+      remonstrances of his comrades and superiors, insisted on taking his post,
+      saying he preferred death in the service of God and the King to health.
+      His galley, the Marquesa, was in the thick of the fight, and before it was
+      over he had received three gunshot wounds, two in the breast and one in
+      the left hand or arm. On the morning after the battle, according to
+      Navarrete, he had an interview with the commander-in-chief, Don John, who
+      was making a personal inspection of the wounded, one result of which was
+      an addition of three crowns to his pay, and another, apparently, the
+      friendship of his general.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How severely Cervantes was wounded may be inferred from the fact, that
+      with youth, a vigorous frame, and as cheerful and buoyant a temperament as
+      ever invalid had, he was seven months in hospital at Messina before he was
+      discharged. He came out with his left hand permanently disabled; he had
+      lost the use of it, as Mercury told him in the "Viaje del Parnaso" for the
+      greater glory of the right. This, however, did not absolutely unfit him
+      for service, and in April 1572 he joined Manuel Ponce de Leon's company of
+      Lope de Figueroa's regiment, in which, it seems probable, his brother
+      Rodrigo was serving, and shared in the operations of the next three years,
+      including the capture of the Goletta and Tunis. Taking advantage of the
+      lull which followed the recapture of these places by the Turks, he
+      obtained leave to return to Spain, and sailed from Naples in September
+      1575 on board the Sun galley, in company with his brother Rodrigo, Pedro
+      Carrillo de Quesada, late Governor of the Goletta, and some others, and
+      furnished with letters from Don John of Austria and the Duke of Sesa, the
+      Viceroy of Sicily, recommending him to the King for the command of a
+      company, on account of his services; a dono infelice as events proved. On
+      the 26th they fell in with a squadron of Algerine galleys, and after a
+      stout resistance were overpowered and carried into Algiers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By means of a ransomed fellow-captive the brothers contrived to inform
+      their family of their condition, and the poor people at Alcala at once
+      strove to raise the ransom money, the father disposing of all he
+      possessed, and the two sisters giving up their marriage portions. But Dali
+      Mami had found on Cervantes the letters addressed to the King by Don John
+      and the Duke of Sesa, and, concluding that his prize must be a person of
+      great consequence, when the money came he refused it scornfully as being
+      altogether insufficient. The owner of Rodrigo, however, was more easily
+      satisfied; ransom was accepted in his case, and it was arranged between
+      the brothers that he should return to Spain and procure a vessel in which
+      he was to come back to Algiers and take off Miguel and as many of their
+      comrades as possible. This was not the first attempt to escape that
+      Cervantes had made. Soon after the commencement of his captivity he
+      induced several of his companions to join him in trying to reach Oran,
+      then a Spanish post, on foot; but after the first day's journey, the Moor
+      who had agreed to act as their guide deserted them, and they had no choice
+      but to return. The second attempt was more disastrous. In a garden outside
+      the city on the sea-shore, he constructed, with the help of the gardener,
+      a Spaniard, a hiding-place, to which he brought, one by one, fourteen of
+      his fellow-captives, keeping them there in secrecy for several months, and
+      supplying them with food through a renegade known as El Dorador, "the
+      Gilder." How he, a captive himself, contrived to do all this, is one of
+      the mysteries of the story. Wild as the project may appear, it was very
+      nearly successful. The vessel procured by Rodrigo made its appearance off
+      the coast, and under cover of night was proceeding to take off the
+      refugees, when the crew were alarmed by a passing fishing boat, and beat a
+      hasty retreat. On renewing the attempt shortly afterwards, they, or a
+      portion of them at least, were taken prisoners, and just as the poor
+      fellows in the garden were exulting in the thought that in a few moments
+      more freedom would be within their grasp, they found themselves surrounded
+      by Turkish troops, horse and foot. The Dorador had revealed the whole
+      scheme to the Dey Hassan.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Cervantes saw what had befallen them, he charged his companions to
+      lay all the blame upon him, and as they were being bound he declared aloud
+      that the whole plot was of his contriving, and that nobody else had any
+      share in it. Brought before the Dey, he said the same. He was threatened
+      with impalement and with torture; and as cutting off ears and noses were
+      playful freaks with the Algerines, it may be conceived what their tortures
+      were like; but nothing could make him swerve from his original statement
+      that he and he alone was responsible. The upshot was that the unhappy
+      gardener was hanged by his master, and the prisoners taken possession of
+      by the Dey, who, however, afterwards restored most of them to their
+      masters, but kept Cervantes, paying Dali Mami 500 crowns for him. He felt,
+      no doubt, that a man of such resource, energy, and daring, was too
+      dangerous a piece of property to be left in private hands; and he had him
+      heavily ironed and lodged in his own prison. If he thought that by these
+      means he could break the spirit or shake the resolution of his prisoner,
+      he was soon undeceived, for Cervantes contrived before long to despatch a
+      letter to the Governor of Oran, entreating him to send him some one that
+      could be trusted, to enable him and three other gentlemen, fellow-captives
+      of his, to make their escape; intending evidently to renew his first
+      attempt with a more trustworthy guide. Unfortunately the Moor who carried
+      the letter was stopped just outside Oran, and the letter being found upon
+      him, he was sent back to Algiers, where by the order of the Dey he was
+      promptly impaled as a warning to others, while Cervantes was condemned to
+      receive two thousand blows of the stick, a number which most likely would
+      have deprived the world of "Don Quixote," had not some persons, who they
+      were we know not, interceded on his behalf.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After this he seems to have been kept in still closer confinement than
+      before, for nearly two years passed before he made another attempt. This
+      time his plan was to purchase, by the aid of a Spanish renegade and two
+      Valencian merchants resident in Algiers, an armed vessel in which he and
+      about sixty of the leading captives were to make their escape; but just as
+      they were about to put it into execution one Doctor Juan Blanco de Paz, an
+      ecclesiastic and a compatriot, informed the Dey of the plot. Cervantes by
+      force of character, by his self-devotion, by his untiring energy and his
+      exertions to lighten the lot of his companions in misery, had endeared
+      himself to all, and become the leading spirit in the captive colony, and,
+      incredible as it may seem, jealousy of his influence and the esteem in
+      which he was held, moved this man to compass his destruction by a cruel
+      death. The merchants finding that the Dey knew all, and fearing that
+      Cervantes under torture might make disclosures that would imperil their
+      own lives, tried to persuade him to slip away on board a vessel that was
+      on the point of sailing for Spain; but he told them they had nothing to
+      fear, for no tortures would make him compromise anybody, and he went at
+      once and gave himself up to the Dey.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As before, the Dey tried to force him to name his accomplices. Everything
+      was made ready for his immediate execution; the halter was put round his
+      neck and his hands tied behind him, but all that could be got from him was
+      that he himself, with the help of four gentlemen who had since left
+      Algiers, had arranged the whole, and that the sixty who were to accompany
+      him were not to know anything of it until the last moment. Finding he
+      could make nothing of him, the Dey sent him back to prison more heavily
+      ironed than before.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The poverty-stricken Cervantes family had been all this time trying once
+      more to raise the ransom money, and at last a sum of three hundred ducats
+      was got together and entrusted to the Redemptorist Father Juan Gil, who
+      was about to sail for Algiers. The Dey, however, demanded more than double
+      the sum offered, and as his term of office had expired and he was about to
+      sail for Constantinople, taking all his slaves with him, the case of
+      Cervantes was critical. He was already on board heavily ironed, when the
+      Dey at length agreed to reduce his demand by one-half, and Father Gil by
+      borrowing was able to make up the amount, and on September 19, 1580, after
+      a captivity of five years all but a week, Cervantes was at last set free.
+      Before long he discovered that Blanco de Paz, who claimed to be an officer
+      of the Inquisition, was now concocting on false evidence a charge of
+      misconduct to be brought against him on his return to Spain. To checkmate
+      him Cervantes drew up a series of twenty-five questions, covering the
+      whole period of his captivity, upon which he requested Father Gil to take
+      the depositions of credible witnesses before a notary. Eleven witnesses
+      taken from among the principal captives in Algiers deposed to all the
+      facts above stated and to a great deal more besides. There is something
+      touching in the admiration, love, and gratitude we see struggling to find
+      expression in the formal language of the notary, as they testify one after
+      another to the good deeds of Cervantes, how he comforted and helped the
+      weak-hearted, how he kept up their drooping courage, how he shared his
+      poor purse with this deponent, and how "in him this deponent found father
+      and mother."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On his return to Spain he found his old regiment about to march for
+      Portugal to support Philip's claim to the crown, and utterly penniless
+      now, had no choice but to rejoin it. He was in the expeditions to the
+      Azores in 1582 and the following year, and on the conclusion of the war
+      returned to Spain in the autumn of 1583, bringing with him the manuscript
+      of his pastoral romance, the "Galatea," and probably also, to judge by
+      internal evidence, that of the first portion of "Persiles and Sigismunda."
+      He also brought back with him, his biographers assert, an infant daughter,
+      the offspring of an amour, as some of them with great circumstantiality
+      inform us, with a Lisbon lady of noble birth, whose name, however, as well
+      as that of the street she lived in, they omit to mention. The sole
+      foundation for all this is that in 1605 there certainly was living in the
+      family of Cervantes a Dona Isabel de Saavedra, who is described in an
+      official document as his natural daughter, and then twenty years of age.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With his crippled left hand promotion in the army was hopeless, now that
+      Don John was dead and he had no one to press his claims and services, and
+      for a man drawing on to forty life in the ranks was a dismal prospect; he
+      had already a certain reputation as a poet; he made up his mind,
+      therefore, to cast his lot with literature, and for a first venture
+      committed his "Galatea" to the press. It was published, as Salva y Mallen
+      shows conclusively, at Alcala, his own birth-place, in 1585 and no doubt
+      helped to make his name more widely known, but certainly did not do him
+      much good in any other way.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While it was going through the press, he married Dona Catalina de Palacios
+      Salazar y Vozmediano, a lady of Esquivias near Madrid, and apparently a
+      friend of the family, who brought him a fortune which may possibly have
+      served to keep the wolf from the door, but if so, that was all. The drama
+      had by this time outgrown market-place stages and strolling companies, and
+      with his old love for it he naturally turned to it for a congenial
+      employment. In about three years he wrote twenty or thirty plays, which he
+      tells us were performed without any throwing of cucumbers or other
+      missiles, and ran their course without any hisses, outcries, or
+      disturbance. In other words, his plays were not bad enough to be hissed
+      off the stage, but not good enough to hold their own upon it. Only two of
+      them have been preserved, but as they happen to be two of the seven or
+      eight he mentions with complacency, we may assume they are favourable
+      specimens, and no one who reads the "Numancia" and the "Trato de Argel"
+      will feel any surprise that they failed as acting dramas. Whatever merits
+      they may have, whatever occasional they may show, they are, as regards
+      construction, incurably clumsy. How completely they failed is manifest
+      from the fact that with all his sanguine temperament and indomitable
+      perseverance he was unable to maintain the struggle to gain a livelihood
+      as a dramatist for more than three years; nor was the rising popularity of
+      Lope the cause, as is often said, notwithstanding his own words to the
+      contrary. When Lope began to write for the stage is uncertain, but it was
+      certainly after Cervantes went to Seville.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the "Nuevos Documentos" printed by Senor Asensio y Toledo is one
+      dated 1592, and curiously characteristic of Cervantes. It is an agreement
+      with one Rodrigo Osorio, a manager, who was to accept six comedies at
+      fifty ducats (about 6l.) apiece, not to be paid in any case unless it
+      appeared on representation that the said comedy was one of the best that
+      had ever been represented in Spain. The test does not seem to have been
+      ever applied; perhaps it was sufficiently apparent to Rodrigo Osorio that
+      the comedies were not among the best that had ever been represented. Among
+      the correspondence of Cervantes there might have been found, no doubt,
+      more than one letter like that we see in the "Rake's Progress," "Sir, I
+      have read your play, and it will not doo."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was more successful in a literary contest at Saragossa in 1595 in
+      honour of the canonisation of St. Jacinto, when his composition won the
+      first prize, three silver spoons. The year before this he had been
+      appointed a collector of revenues for the kingdom of Granada. In order to
+      remit the money he had collected more conveniently to the treasury, he
+      entrusted it to a merchant, who failed and absconded; and as the
+      bankrupt's assets were insufficient to cover the whole, he was sent to
+      prison at Seville in September 1597. The balance against him, however, was
+      a small one, about 26l., and on giving security for it he was released at
+      the end of the year.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was as he journeyed from town to town collecting the king's taxes, that
+      he noted down those bits of inn and wayside life and character that abound
+      in the pages of "Don Quixote:" the Benedictine monks with spectacles and
+      sunshades, mounted on their tall mules; the strollers in costume bound for
+      the next village; the barber with his basin on his head, on his way to
+      bleed a patient; the recruit with his breeches in his bundle, tramping
+      along the road singing; the reapers gathered in the venta gateway
+      listening to "Felixmarte of Hircania" read out to them; and those little
+      Hogarthian touches that he so well knew how to bring in, the ox-tail
+      hanging up with the landlord's comb stuck in it, the wine-skins at the
+      bed-head, and those notable examples of hostelry art, Helen going off in
+      high spirits on Paris's arm, and Dido on the tower dropping tears as big
+      as walnuts. Nay, it may well be that on those journeys into remote regions
+      he came across now and then a specimen of the pauper gentleman, with his
+      lean hack and his greyhound and his books of chivalry, dreaming away his
+      life in happy ignorance that the world had changed since his
+      great-grandfather's old helmet was new. But it was in Seville that he
+      found out his true vocation, though he himself would not by any means have
+      admitted it to be so. It was there, in Triana, that he was first tempted
+      to try his hand at drawing from life, and first brought his humour into
+      play in the exquisite little sketch of "Rinconete y Cortadillo," the germ,
+      in more ways than one, of "Don Quixote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Where and when that was written, we cannot tell. After his imprisonment
+      all trace of Cervantes in his official capacity disappears, from which it
+      may be inferred that he was not reinstated. That he was still in Seville
+      in November 1598 appears from a satirical sonnet of his on the elaborate
+      catafalque erected to testify the grief of the city at the death of Philip
+      II, but from this up to 1603 we have no clue to his movements. The words
+      in the preface to the First Part of "Don Quixote" are generally held to be
+      conclusive that he conceived the idea of the book, and wrote the beginning
+      of it at least, in a prison, and that he may have done so is extremely
+      likely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There is a tradition that Cervantes read some portions of his work to a
+      select audience at the Duke of Bejar's, which may have helped to make the
+      book known; but the obvious conclusion is that the First Part of "Don
+      Quixote" lay on his hands some time before he could find a publisher bold
+      enough to undertake a venture of so novel a character; and so little faith
+      in it had Francisco Robles of Madrid, to whom at last he sold it, that he
+      did not care to incur the expense of securing the copyright for Aragon or
+      Portugal, contenting himself with that for Castile. The printing was
+      finished in December, and the book came out with the new year, 1605. It is
+      often said that "Don Quixote" was at first received coldly. The facts show
+      just the contrary. No sooner was it in the hands of the public than
+      preparations were made to issue pirated editions at Lisbon and Valencia,
+      and to bring out a second edition with the additional copyrights for
+      Aragon and Portugal, which he secured in February.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No doubt it was received with something more than coldness by certain
+      sections of the community. Men of wit, taste, and discrimination among the
+      aristocracy gave it a hearty welcome, but the aristocracy in general were
+      not likely to relish a book that turned their favourite reading into
+      ridicule and laughed at so many of their favourite ideas. The dramatists
+      who gathered round Lope as their leader regarded Cervantes as their common
+      enemy, and it is plain that he was equally obnoxious to the other clique,
+      the culto poets who had Gongora for their chief. Navarrete, who knew
+      nothing of the letter above mentioned, tries hard to show that the
+      relations between Cervantes and Lope were of a very friendly sort, as
+      indeed they were until "Don Quixote" was written. Cervantes, indeed, to
+      the last generously and manfully declared his admiration of Lope's powers,
+      his unfailing invention, and his marvellous fertility; but in the preface
+      of the First Part of "Don Quixote" and in the verses of "Urganda the
+      Unknown," and one or two other places, there are, if we read between the
+      lines, sly hits at Lope's vanities and affectations that argue no personal
+      good-will; and Lope openly sneers at "Don Quixote" and Cervantes, and
+      fourteen years after his death gives him only a few lines of cold
+      commonplace in the "Laurel de Apolo," that seem all the colder for the
+      eulogies of a host of nonentities whose names are found nowhere else.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1601 Valladolid was made the seat of the Court, and at the beginning of
+      1603 Cervantes had been summoned thither in connection with the balance
+      due by him to the Treasury, which was still outstanding. He remained at
+      Valladolid, apparently supporting himself by agencies and scrivener's work
+      of some sort; probably drafting petitions and drawing up statements of
+      claims to be presented to the Council, and the like. So, at least, we
+      gather from the depositions taken on the occasion of the death of a
+      gentleman, the victim of a street brawl, who had been carried into the
+      house in which he lived. In these he himself is described as a man who
+      wrote and transacted business, and it appears that his household then
+      consisted of his wife, the natural daughter Isabel de Saavedra already
+      mentioned, his sister Andrea, now a widow, her daughter Constanza, a
+      mysterious Magdalena de Sotomayor calling herself his sister, for whom his
+      biographers cannot account, and a servant-maid.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile "Don Quixote" had been growing in favour, and its author's name
+      was now known beyond the Pyrenees. In 1607 an edition was printed at
+      Brussels. Robles, the Madrid publisher, found it necessary to meet the
+      demand by a third edition, the seventh in all, in 1608. The popularity of
+      the book in Italy was such that a Milan bookseller was led to bring out an
+      edition in 1610; and another was called for in Brussels in 1611. It might
+      naturally have been expected that, with such proofs before him that he had
+      hit the taste of the public, Cervantes would have at once set about
+      redeeming his rather vague promise of a second volume.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, to all appearance, nothing was farther from his thoughts. He had
+      still by him one or two short tales of the same vintage as those he had
+      inserted in "Don Quixote" and instead of continuing the adventures of Don
+      Quixote, he set to work to write more of these "Novelas Exemplares" as he
+      afterwards called them, with a view to making a book of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The novels were published in the summer of 1613, with a dedication to the
+      Conde de Lemos, the Maecenas of the day, and with one of those chatty
+      confidential prefaces Cervantes was so fond of. In this, eight years and a
+      half after the First Part of "Don Quixote" had appeared, we get the first
+      hint of a forthcoming Second Part. "You shall see shortly," he says, "the
+      further exploits of Don Quixote and humours of Sancho Panza." His idea of
+      "shortly" was a somewhat elastic one, for, as we know by the date to
+      Sancho's letter, he had barely one-half of the book completed that time
+      twelvemonth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But more than poems, or pastorals, or novels, it was his dramatic ambition
+      that engrossed his thoughts. The same indomitable spirit that kept him
+      from despair in the bagnios of Algiers, and prompted him to attempt the
+      escape of himself and his comrades again and again, made him persevere in
+      spite of failure and discouragement in his efforts to win the ear of the
+      public as a dramatist. The temperament of Cervantes was essentially
+      sanguine. The portrait he draws in the preface to the novels, with the
+      aquiline features, chestnut hair, smooth untroubled forehead, and bright
+      cheerful eyes, is the very portrait of a sanguine man. Nothing that the
+      managers might say could persuade him that the merits of his plays would
+      not be recognised at last if they were only given a fair chance. The old
+      soldier of the Spanish Salamis was bent on being the Aeschylus of Spain.
+      He was to found a great national drama, based on the true principles of
+      art, that was to be the envy of all nations; he was to drive from the
+      stage the silly, childish plays, the "mirrors of nonsense and models of
+      folly" that were in vogue through the cupidity of the managers and
+      shortsightedness of the authors; he was to correct and educate the public
+      taste until it was ripe for tragedies on the model of the Greek drama&mdash;like
+      the "Numancia" for instance&mdash;and comedies that would not only amuse
+      but improve and instruct. All this he was to do, could he once get a
+      hearing: there was the initial difficulty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He shows plainly enough, too, that "Don Quixote" and the demolition of the
+      chivalry romances was not the work that lay next his heart. He was,
+      indeed, as he says himself in his preface, more a stepfather than a father
+      to "Don Quixote." Never was great work so neglected by its author. That it
+      was written carelessly, hastily, and by fits and starts, was not always
+      his fault, but it seems clear he never read what he sent to the press. He
+      knew how the printers had blundered, but he never took the trouble to
+      correct them when the third edition was in progress, as a man who really
+      cared for the child of his brain would have done. He appears to have
+      regarded the book as little more than a mere libro de entretenimiento, an
+      amusing book, a thing, as he says in the "Viaje," "to divert the
+      melancholy moody heart at any time or season." No doubt he had an
+      affection for his hero, and was very proud of Sancho Panza. It would have
+      been strange indeed if he had not been proud of the most humorous creation
+      in all fiction. He was proud, too, of the popularity and success of the
+      book, and beyond measure delightful is the naivete with which he shows his
+      pride in a dozen passages in the Second Part. But it was not the success
+      he coveted. In all probability he would have given all the success of "Don
+      Quixote," nay, would have seen every copy of "Don Quixote" burned in the
+      Plaza Mayor, for one such success as Lope de Vega was enjoying on an
+      average once a week.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so he went on, dawdling over "Don Quixote," adding a chapter now and
+      again, and putting it aside to turn to "Persiles and Sigismunda"&mdash;which,
+      as we know, was to be the most entertaining book in the language, and the
+      rival of "Theagenes and Chariclea"&mdash;or finishing off one of his
+      darling comedies; and if Robles asked when "Don Quixote" would be ready,
+      the answer no doubt was: En breve&mdash;shortly, there was time enough for
+      that. At sixty-eight he was as full of life and hope and plans for the
+      future as a boy of eighteen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nemesis was coming, however. He had got as far as Chapter LIX, which at
+      his leisurely pace he could hardly have reached before October or November
+      1614, when there was put into his hand a small octave lately printed at
+      Tarragona, and calling itself "Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman
+      Don Quixote of La Mancha: by the Licentiate Alonso Fernandez de Avellaneda
+      of Tordesillas." The last half of Chapter LIX and most of the following
+      chapters of the Second Part give us some idea of the effect produced upon
+      him, and his irritation was not likely to be lessened by the reflection
+      that he had no one to blame but himself. Had Avellaneda, in fact, been
+      content with merely bringing out a continuation to "Don Quixote,"
+      Cervantes would have had no reasonable grievance. His own intentions were
+      expressed in the very vaguest language at the end of the book; nay, in his
+      last words, "forse altro cantera con miglior plettro," he seems actually
+      to invite some one else to continue the work, and he made no sign until
+      eight years and a half had gone by; by which time Avellaneda's volume was
+      no doubt written.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In fact Cervantes had no case, or a very bad one, as far as the mere
+      continuation was concerned. But Avellaneda chose to write a preface to it,
+      full of such coarse personal abuse as only an ill-conditioned man could
+      pour out. He taunts Cervantes with being old, with having lost his hand,
+      with having been in prison, with being poor, with being friendless,
+      accuses him of envy of Lope's success, of petulance and querulousness, and
+      so on; and it was in this that the sting lay. Avellaneda's reason for this
+      personal attack is obvious enough. Whoever he may have been, it is clear
+      that he was one of the dramatists of Lope's school, for he has the
+      impudence to charge Cervantes with attacking him as well as Lope in his
+      criticism on the drama. His identification has exercised the best critics
+      and baffled all the ingenuity and research that has been brought to bear
+      on it. Navarrete and Ticknor both incline to the belief that Cervantes
+      knew who he was; but I must say I think the anger he shows suggests an
+      invisible assailant; it is like the irritation of a man stung by a
+      mosquito in the dark. Cervantes from certain solecisms of language
+      pronounces him to be an Aragonese, and Pellicer, an Aragonese himself,
+      supports this view and believes him, moreover, to have been an
+      ecclesiastic, a Dominican probably.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Any merit Avellaneda has is reflected from Cervantes, and he is too dull
+      to reflect much. "Dull and dirty" will always be, I imagine, the verdict
+      of the vast majority of unprejudiced readers. He is, at best, a poor
+      plagiarist; all he can do is to follow slavishly the lead given him by
+      Cervantes; his only humour lies in making Don Quixote take inns for
+      castles and fancy himself some legendary or historical personage, and
+      Sancho mistake words, invert proverbs, and display his gluttony; all
+      through he shows a proclivity to coarseness and dirt, and he has contrived
+      to introduce two tales filthier than anything by the sixteenth century
+      novellieri and without their sprightliness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But whatever Avellaneda and his book may be, we must not forget the debt
+      we owe them. But for them, there can be no doubt, "Don Quixote" would have
+      come to us a mere torso instead of a complete work. Even if Cervantes had
+      finished the volume he had in hand, most assuredly he would have left off
+      with a promise of a Third Part, giving the further adventures of Don
+      Quixote and humours of Sancho Panza as shepherds. It is plain that he had
+      at one time an intention of dealing with the pastoral romances as he had
+      dealt with the books of chivalry, and but for Avellaneda he would have
+      tried to carry it out. But it is more likely that, with his plans, and
+      projects, and hopefulness, the volume would have remained unfinished till
+      his death, and that we should have never made the acquaintance of the Duke
+      and Duchess, or gone with Sancho to Barataria.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From the moment the book came into his hands he seems to have been haunted
+      by the fear that there might be more Avellanedas in the field, and putting
+      everything else aside, he set himself to finish off his task and protect
+      Don Quixote in the only way he could, by killing him. The conclusion is no
+      doubt a hasty and in some places clumsy piece of work and the frequent
+      repetition of the scolding administered to Avellaneda becomes in the end
+      rather wearisome; but it is, at any rate, a conclusion and for that we
+      must thank Avellaneda.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The new volume was ready for the press in February, but was not printed
+      till the very end of 1615, and during the interval Cervantes put together
+      the comedies and interludes he had written within the last few years, and,
+      as he adds plaintively, found no demand for among the managers, and
+      published them with a preface, worth the book it introduces tenfold, in
+      which he gives an account of the early Spanish stage, and of his own
+      attempts as a dramatist. It is needless to say they were put forward by
+      Cervantes in all good faith and full confidence in their merits. The
+      reader, however, was not to suppose they were his last word or final
+      effort in the drama, for he had in hand a comedy called "Engano a los
+      ojos," about which, if he mistook not, there would be no question.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of this dramatic masterpiece the world has no opportunity of judging; his
+      health had been failing for some time, and he died, apparently of dropsy,
+      on the 23rd of April, 1616, the day on which England lost Shakespeare,
+      nominally at least, for the English calendar had not yet been reformed. He
+      died as he had lived, accepting his lot bravely and cheerfully.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Was it an unhappy life, that of Cervantes? His biographers all tell us
+      that it was; but I must say I doubt it. It was a hard life, a life of
+      poverty, of incessant struggle, of toil ill paid, of disappointment, but
+      Cervantes carried within himself the antidote to all these evils. His was
+      not one of those light natures that rise above adversity merely by virtue
+      of their own buoyancy; it was in the fortitude of a high spirit that he
+      was proof against it. It is impossible to conceive Cervantes giving way to
+      despondency or prostrated by dejection. As for poverty, it was with him a
+      thing to be laughed over, and the only sigh he ever allows to escape him
+      is when he says, "Happy he to whom Heaven has given a piece of bread for
+      which he is not bound to give thanks to any but Heaven itself." Add to all
+      this his vital energy and mental activity, his restless invention and his
+      sanguine temperament, and there will be reason enough to doubt whether his
+      could have been a very unhappy life. He who could take Cervantes'
+      distresses together with his apparatus for enduring them would not make so
+      bad a bargain, perhaps, as far as happiness in life is concerned.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of his burial-place nothing is known except that he was buried, in
+      accordance with his will, in the neighbouring convent of Trinitarian nuns,
+      of which it is supposed his daughter, Isabel de Saavedra, was an inmate,
+      and that a few years afterwards the nuns removed to another convent,
+      carrying their dead with them. But whether the remains of Cervantes were
+      included in the removal or not no one knows, and the clue to their
+      resting-place is now lost beyond all hope. This furnishes perhaps the
+      least defensible of the items in the charge of neglect brought against his
+      contemporaries. In some of the others there is a good deal of
+      exaggeration. To listen to most of his biographers one would suppose that
+      all Spain was in league not only against the man but against his memory,
+      or at least that it was insensible to his merits, and left him to live in
+      misery and die of want. To talk of his hard life and unworthy employments
+      in Andalusia is absurd. What had he done to distinguish him from thousands
+      of other struggling men earning a precarious livelihood? True, he was a
+      gallant soldier, who had been wounded and had undergone captivity and
+      suffering in his country's cause, but there were hundreds of others in the
+      same case. He had written a mediocre specimen of an insipid class of
+      romance, and some plays which manifestly did not comply with the primary
+      condition of pleasing: were the playgoers to patronise plays that did not
+      amuse them, because the author was to produce "Don Quixote" twenty years
+      afterwards?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The scramble for copies which, as we have seen, followed immediately on
+      the appearance of the book, does not look like general insensibility to
+      its merits. No doubt it was received coldly by some, but if a man writes a
+      book in ridicule of periwigs he must make his account with being coldly
+      received by the periwig wearers and hated by the whole tribe of wigmakers.
+      If Cervantes had the chivalry-romance readers, the sentimentalists, the
+      dramatists, and the poets of the period all against him, it was because
+      "Don Quixote" was what it was; and if the general public did not come
+      forward to make him comfortable for the rest of his days, it is no more to
+      be charged with neglect and ingratitude than the English-speaking public
+      that did not pay off Scott's liabilities. It did the best it could; it
+      read his book and liked it and bought it, and encouraged the bookseller to
+      pay him well for others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It has been also made a reproach to Spain that she has erected no monument
+      to the man she is proudest of; no monument, that is to say, of him; for
+      the bronze statue in the little garden of the Plaza de las Cortes, a fair
+      work of art no doubt, and unexceptionable had it been set up to the local
+      poet in the market-place of some provincial town, is not worthy of
+      Cervantes or of Madrid. But what need has Cervantes of "such weak witness
+      of his name;" or what could a monument do in his case except testify to
+      the self-glorification of those who had put it up? Si monumentum quoeris,
+      circumspice. The nearest bookseller's shop will show what bathos there
+      would be in a monument to the author of "Don Quixote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nine editions of the First Part of "Don Quixote" had already appeared
+      before Cervantes died, thirty thousand copies in all, according to his own
+      estimate, and a tenth was printed at Barcelona the year after his death.
+      So large a number naturally supplied the demand for some time, but by 1634
+      it appears to have been exhausted; and from that time down to the present
+      day the stream of editions has continued to flow rapidly and regularly.
+      The translations show still more clearly in what request the book has been
+      from the very outset. In seven years from the completion of the work it
+      had been translated into the four leading languages of Europe. Except the
+      Bible, in fact, no book has been so widely diffused as "Don Quixote." The
+      "Imitatio Christi" may have been translated into as many different
+      languages, and perhaps "Robinson Crusoe" and the "Vicar of Wakefield" into
+      nearly as many, but in multiplicity of translations and editions "Don
+      Quixote" leaves them all far behind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still more remarkable is the character of this wide diffusion. "Don
+      Quixote" has been thoroughly naturalised among people whose ideas about
+      knight-errantry, if they had any at all, were of the vaguest, who had
+      never seen or heard of a book of chivalry, who could not possibly feel the
+      humour of the burlesque or sympathise with the author's purpose. Another
+      curious fact is that this, the most cosmopolitan book in the world, is one
+      of the most intensely national. "Manon Lescaut" is not more thoroughly
+      French, "Tom Jones" not more English, "Rob Roy" not more Scotch, than "Don
+      Quixote" is Spanish, in character, in ideas, in sentiment, in local
+      colour, in everything. What, then, is the secret of this unparalleled
+      popularity, increasing year by year for well-nigh three centuries? One
+      explanation, no doubt, is that of all the books in the world, "Don
+      Quixote" is the most catholic. There is something in it for every sort of
+      reader, young or old, sage or simple, high or low. As Cervantes himself
+      says with a touch of pride, "It is thumbed and read and got by heart by
+      people of all sorts; the children turn its leaves, the young people read
+      it, the grown men understand it, the old folk praise it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it would be idle to deny that the ingredient which, more than its
+      humour, or its wisdom, or the fertility of invention or knowledge of human
+      nature it displays, has insured its success with the multitude, is the
+      vein of farce that runs through it. It was the attack upon the sheep, the
+      battle with the wine-skins, Mambrino's helmet, the balsam of Fierabras,
+      Don Quixote knocked over by the sails of the windmill, Sancho tossed in
+      the blanket, the mishaps and misadventures of master and man, that were
+      originally the great attraction, and perhaps are so still to some extent
+      with the majority of readers. It is plain that "Don Quixote" was generally
+      regarded at first, and indeed in Spain for a long time, as little more
+      than a queer droll book, full of laughable incidents and absurd
+      situations, very amusing, but not entitled to much consideration or care.
+      All the editions printed in Spain from 1637 to 1771, when the famous
+      printer Ibarra took it up, were mere trade editions, badly and carelessly
+      printed on vile paper and got up in the style of chap-books intended only
+      for popular use, with, in most instances, uncouth illustrations and
+      clap-trap additions by the publisher.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To England belongs the credit of having been the first country to
+      recognise the right of "Don Quixote" to better treatment than this. The
+      London edition of 1738, commonly called Lord Carteret's from having been
+      suggested by him, was not a mere edition de luxe. It produced "Don
+      Quixote" in becoming form as regards paper and type, and embellished with
+      plates which, if not particularly happy as illustrations, were at least
+      well intentioned and well executed, but it also aimed at correctness of
+      text, a matter to which nobody except the editors of the Valencia and
+      Brussels editions had given even a passing thought; and for a first
+      attempt it was fairly successful, for though some of its emendations are
+      inadmissible, a good many of them have been adopted by all subsequent
+      editors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The zeal of publishers, editors, and annotators brought about a remarkable
+      change of sentiment with regard to "Don Quixote." A vast number of its
+      admirers began to grow ashamed of laughing over it. It became almost a
+      crime to treat it as a humorous book. The humour was not entirely denied,
+      but, according to the new view, it was rated as an altogether secondary
+      quality, a mere accessory, nothing more than the stalking-horse under the
+      presentation of which Cervantes shot his philosophy or his satire, or
+      whatever it was he meant to shoot; for on this point opinions varied. All
+      were agreed, however, that the object he aimed at was not the books of
+      chivalry. He said emphatically in the preface to the First Part and in the
+      last sentence of the Second, that he had no other object in view than to
+      discredit these books, and this, to advanced criticism, made it clear that
+      his object must have been something else.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One theory was that the book was a kind of allegory, setting forth the
+      eternal struggle between the ideal and the real, between the spirit of
+      poetry and the spirit of prose; and perhaps German philosophy never
+      evolved a more ungainly or unlikely camel out of the depths of its inner
+      consciousness. Something of the antagonism, no doubt, is to be found in
+      "Don Quixote," because it is to be found everywhere in life, and Cervantes
+      drew from life. It is difficult to imagine a community in which the
+      never-ceasing game of cross-purposes between Sancho Panza and Don Quixote
+      would not be recognized as true to nature. In the stone age, among the
+      lake dwellers, among the cave men, there were Don Quixotes and Sancho
+      Panzas; there must have been the troglodyte who never could see the facts
+      before his eyes, and the troglodyte who could see nothing else. But to
+      suppose Cervantes deliberately setting himself to expound any such idea in
+      two stout quarto volumes is to suppose something not only very unlike the
+      age in which he lived, but altogether unlike Cervantes himself, who would
+      have been the first to laugh at an attempt of the sort made by anyone
+      else.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The extraordinary influence of the romances of chivalry in his day is
+      quite enough to account for the genesis of the book. Some idea of the
+      prodigious development of this branch of literature in the sixteenth
+      century may be obtained from the scrutiny of Chapter VII, if the reader
+      bears in mind that only a portion of the romances belonging to by far the
+      largest group are enumerated. As to its effect upon the nation, there is
+      abundant evidence. From the time when the Amadises and Palmerins began to
+      grow popular down to the very end of the century, there is a steady stream
+      of invective, from men whose character and position lend weight to their
+      words, against the romances of chivalry and the infatuation of their
+      readers. Ridicule was the only besom to sweep away that dust.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That this was the task Cervantes set himself, and that he had ample
+      provocation to urge him to it, will be sufficiently clear to those who
+      look into the evidence; as it will be also that it was not chivalry itself
+      that he attacked and swept away. Of all the absurdities that, thanks to
+      poetry, will be repeated to the end of time, there is no greater one than
+      saying that "Cervantes smiled Spain's chivalry away." In the first place
+      there was no chivalry for him to smile away. Spain's chivalry had been
+      dead for more than a century. Its work was done when Granada fell, and as
+      chivalry was essentially republican in its nature, it could not live under
+      the rule that Ferdinand substituted for the free institutions of mediaeval
+      Spain. What he did smile away was not chivalry but a degrading mockery of
+      it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The true nature of the "right arm" and the "bright array," before which,
+      according to the poet, "the world gave ground," and which Cervantes'
+      single laugh demolished, may be gathered from the words of one of his own
+      countrymen, Don Felix Pacheco, as reported by Captain George Carleton, in
+      his "Military Memoirs from 1672 to 1713." "Before the appearance in the
+      world of that labour of Cervantes," he said, "it was next to an
+      impossibility for a man to walk the streets with any delight or without
+      danger. There were seen so many cavaliers prancing and curvetting before
+      the windows of their mistresses, that a stranger would have imagined the
+      whole nation to have been nothing less than a race of knight-errants. But
+      after the world became a little acquainted with that notable history, the
+      man that was seen in that once celebrated drapery was pointed at as a Don
+      Quixote, and found himself the jest of high and low. And I verily believe
+      that to this, and this only, we owe that dampness and poverty of spirit
+      which has run through all our councils for a century past, so little
+      agreeable to those nobler actions of our famous ancestors."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To call "Don Quixote" a sad book, preaching a pessimist view of life,
+      argues a total misconception of its drift. It would be so if its moral
+      were that, in this world, true enthusiasm naturally leads to ridicule and
+      discomfiture. But it preaches nothing of the sort; its moral, so far as it
+      can be said to have one, is that the spurious enthusiasm that is born of
+      vanity and self-conceit, that is made an end in itself, not a means to an
+      end, that acts on mere impulse, regardless of circumstances and
+      consequences, is mischievous to its owner, and a very considerable
+      nuisance to the community at large. To those who cannot distinguish
+      between the one kind and the other, no doubt "Don Quixote" is a sad book;
+      no doubt to some minds it is very sad that a man who had just uttered so
+      beautiful a sentiment as that "it is a hard case to make slaves of those
+      whom God and Nature made free," should be ungratefully pelted by the
+      scoundrels his crazy philanthropy had let loose on society; but to others
+      of a more judicial cast it will be a matter of regret that reckless
+      self-sufficient enthusiasm is not oftener requited in some such way for
+      all the mischief it does in the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A very slight examination of the structure of "Don Quixote" will suffice
+      to show that Cervantes had no deep design or elaborate plan in his mind
+      when he began the book. When he wrote those lines in which "with a few
+      strokes of a great master he sets before us the pauper gentleman," he had
+      no idea of the goal to which his imagination was leading him. There can be
+      little doubt that all he contemplated was a short tale to range with those
+      he had already written, a tale setting forth the ludicrous results that
+      might be expected to follow the attempt of a crazy gentleman to act the
+      part of a knight-errant in modern life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is plain, for one thing, that Sancho Panza did not enter into the
+      original scheme, for had Cervantes thought of him he certainly would not
+      have omitted him in his hero's outfit, which he obviously meant to be
+      complete. Him we owe to the landlord's chance remark in Chapter III that
+      knights seldom travelled without squires. To try to think of a Don Quixote
+      without Sancho Panza is like trying to think of a one-bladed pair of
+      scissors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The story was written at first, like the others, without any division and
+      without the intervention of Cid Hamete Benengeli; and it seems not
+      unlikely that Cervantes had some intention of bringing Dulcinea, or
+      Aldonza Lorenzo, on the scene in person. It was probably the ransacking of
+      the Don's library and the discussion on the books of chivalry that first
+      suggested it to him that his idea was capable of development. What, if
+      instead of a mere string of farcical misadventures, he were to make his
+      tale a burlesque of one of these books, caricaturing their style,
+      incidents, and spirit?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In pursuance of this change of plan, he hastily and somewhat clumsily
+      divided what he had written into chapters on the model of "Amadis,"
+      invented the fable of a mysterious Arabic manuscript, and set up Cid
+      Hamete Benengeli in imitation of the almost invariable practice of the
+      chivalry-romance authors, who were fond of tracing their books to some
+      recondite source. In working out the new ideas, he soon found the value of
+      Sancho Panza. Indeed, the keynote, not only to Sancho's part, but to the
+      whole book, is struck in the first words Sancho utters when he announces
+      his intention of taking his ass with him. "About the ass," we are told,
+      "Don Quixote hesitated a little, trying whether he could call to mind any
+      knight-errant taking with him an esquire mounted on ass-back; but no
+      instance occurred to his memory." We can see the whole scene at a glance,
+      the stolid unconsciousness of Sancho and the perplexity of his master,
+      upon whose perception the incongruity has just forced itself. This is
+      Sancho's mission throughout the book; he is an unconscious Mephistopheles,
+      always unwittingly making mockery of his master's aspirations, always
+      exposing the fallacy of his ideas by some unintentional ad absurdum,
+      always bringing him back to the world of fact and commonplace by force of
+      sheer stolidity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the time Cervantes had got his volume of novels off his hands, and
+      summoned up resolution enough to set about the Second Part in earnest, the
+      case was very much altered. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza had not merely
+      found favour, but had already become, what they have never since ceased to
+      be, veritable entities to the popular imagination. There was no occasion
+      for him now to interpolate extraneous matter; nay, his readers told him
+      plainly that what they wanted of him was more Don Quixote and more Sancho
+      Panza, and not novels, tales, or digressions. To himself, too, his
+      creations had become realities, and he had become proud of them,
+      especially of Sancho. He began the Second Part, therefore, under very
+      different conditions, and the difference makes itself manifest at once.
+      Even in translation the style will be seen to be far easier, more flowing,
+      more natural, and more like that of a man sure of himself and of his
+      audience. Don Quixote and Sancho undergo a change also. In the First Part,
+      Don Quixote has no character or individuality whatever. He is nothing more
+      than a crazy representative of the sentiments of the chivalry romances. In
+      all that he says and does he is simply repeating the lesson he has learned
+      from his books; and therefore, it is absurd to speak of him in the gushing
+      strain of the sentimental critics when they dilate upon his nobleness,
+      disinterestedness, dauntless courage, and so forth. It was the business of
+      a knight-errant to right wrongs, redress injuries, and succour the
+      distressed, and this, as a matter of course, he makes his business when he
+      takes up the part; a knight-errant was bound to be intrepid, and so he
+      feels bound to cast fear aside. Of all Byron's melodious nonsense about
+      Don Quixote, the most nonsensical statement is that "'t is his virtue
+      makes him mad!" The exact opposite is the truth; it is his madness makes
+      him virtuous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the Second Part, Cervantes repeatedly reminds the reader, as if it was
+      a point upon which he was anxious there should be no mistake, that his
+      hero's madness is strictly confined to delusions on the subject of
+      chivalry, and that on every other subject he is discreto, one, in fact,
+      whose faculty of discernment is in perfect order. The advantage of this is
+      that he is enabled to make use of Don Quixote as a mouthpiece for his own
+      reflections, and so, without seeming to digress, allow himself the relief
+      of digression when he requires it, as freely as in a commonplace book.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is true the amount of individuality bestowed upon Don Quixote is not
+      very great. There are some natural touches of character about him, such as
+      his mixture of irascibility and placability, and his curious affection for
+      Sancho together with his impatience of the squire's loquacity and
+      impertinence; but in the main, apart from his craze, he is little more
+      than a thoughtful, cultured gentleman, with instinctive good taste and a
+      great deal of shrewdness and originality of mind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As to Sancho, it is plain, from the concluding words of the preface to the
+      First Part, that he was a favourite with his creator even before he had
+      been taken into favour by the public. An inferior genius, taking him in
+      hand a second time, would very likely have tried to improve him by making
+      him more comical, clever, amiable, or virtuous. But Cervantes was too true
+      an artist to spoil his work in this way. Sancho, when he reappears, is the
+      old Sancho with the old familiar features; but with a difference; they
+      have been brought out more distinctly, but at the same time with a careful
+      avoidance of anything like caricature; the outline has been filled in
+      where filling in was necessary, and, vivified by a few touches of a
+      master's hand, Sancho stands before us as he might in a character portrait
+      by Velazquez. He is a much more important and prominent figure in the
+      Second Part than in the First; indeed, it is his matchless mendacity about
+      Dulcinea that to a great extent supplies the action of the story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His development in this respect is as remarkable as in any other. In the
+      First Part he displays a great natural gift of lying. His lies are not of
+      the highly imaginative sort that liars in fiction commonly indulge in;
+      like Falstaff's, they resemble the father that begets them; they are
+      simple, homely, plump lies; plain working lies, in short. But in the
+      service of such a master as Don Quixote he develops rapidly, as we see
+      when he comes to palm off the three country wenches as Dulcinea and her
+      ladies in waiting. It is worth noticing how, flushed by his success in
+      this instance, he is tempted afterwards to try a flight beyond his powers
+      in his account of the journey on Clavileno.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the Second Part it is the spirit rather than the incidents of the
+      chivalry romances that is the subject of the burlesque. Enchantments of
+      the sort travestied in those of Dulcinea and the Trifaldi and the cave of
+      Montesinos play a leading part in the later and inferior romances, and
+      another distinguishing feature is caricatured in Don Quixote's blind
+      adoration of Dulcinea. In the romances of chivalry love is either a mere
+      animalism or a fantastic idolatry. Only a coarse-minded man would care to
+      make merry with the former, but to one of Cervantes' humour the latter was
+      naturally an attractive subject for ridicule. Like everything else in
+      these romances, it is a gross exaggeration of the real sentiment of
+      chivalry, but its peculiar extravagance is probably due to the influence
+      of those masters of hyperbole, the Provencal poets. When a troubadour
+      professed his readiness to obey his lady in all things, he made it
+      incumbent upon the next comer, if he wished to avoid the imputation of
+      tameness and commonplace, to declare himself the slave of her will, which
+      the next was compelled to cap by some still stronger declaration; and so
+      expressions of devotion went on rising one above the other like biddings
+      at an auction, and a conventional language of gallantry and theory of love
+      came into being that in time permeated the literature of Southern Europe,
+      and bore fruit, in one direction in the transcendental worship of Beatrice
+      and Laura, and in another in the grotesque idolatry which found exponents
+      in writers like Feliciano de Silva. This is what Cervantes deals with in
+      Don Quixote's passion for Dulcinea, and in no instance has he carried out
+      the burlesque more happily. By keeping Dulcinea in the background, and
+      making her a vague shadowy being of whose very existence we are left in
+      doubt, he invests Don Quixote's worship of her virtues and charms with an
+      additional extravagance, and gives still more point to the caricature of
+      the sentiment and language of the romances.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of the great merits of "Don Quixote," and one of the qualities that
+      have secured its acceptance by all classes of readers and made it the most
+      cosmopolitan of books, is its simplicity. There are, of course, points
+      obvious enough to a Spanish seventeenth century audience which do not
+      immediately strike a reader now-a-days, and Cervantes often takes it for
+      granted that an allusion will be generally understood which is only
+      intelligible to a few. For example, on many of his readers in Spain, and
+      most of his readers out of it, the significance of his choice of a country
+      for his hero is completely lost. It would be going too far to say that no
+      one can thoroughly comprehend "Don Quixote" without having seen La Mancha,
+      but undoubtedly even a glimpse of La Mancha will give an insight into the
+      meaning of Cervantes such as no commentator can give. Of all the regions
+      of Spain it is the last that would suggest the idea of romance. Of all the
+      dull central plateau of the Peninsula it is the dullest tract. There is
+      something impressive about the grim solitudes of Estremadura; and if the
+      plains of Leon and Old Castile are bald and dreary, they are studded with
+      old cities renowned in history and rich in relics of the past. But there
+      is no redeeming feature in the Manchegan landscape; it has all the
+      sameness of the desert without its dignity; the few towns and villages
+      that break its monotony are mean and commonplace, there is nothing
+      venerable about them, they have not even the picturesqueness of poverty;
+      indeed, Don Quixote's own village, Argamasilla, has a sort of oppressive
+      respectability in the prim regularity of its streets and houses;
+      everything is ignoble; the very windmills are the ugliest and shabbiest of
+      the windmill kind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To anyone who knew the country well, the mere style and title of "Don
+      Quixote of La Mancha" gave the key to the author's meaning at once. La
+      Mancha as the knight's country and scene of his chivalries is of a piece
+      with the pasteboard helmet, the farm-labourer on ass-back for a squire,
+      knighthood conferred by a rascally ventero, convicts taken for victims of
+      oppression, and the rest of the incongruities between Don Quixote's world
+      and the world he lived in, between things as he saw them and things as
+      they were.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is strange that this element of incongruity, underlying the whole
+      humour and purpose of the book, should have been so little heeded by the
+      majority of those who have undertaken to interpret "Don Quixote." It has
+      been completely overlooked, for example, by the illustrators. To be sure,
+      the great majority of the artists who illustrated "Don Quixote" knew
+      nothing whatever of Spain. To them a venta conveyed no idea but the
+      abstract one of a roadside inn, and they could not therefore do full
+      justice to the humour of Don Quixote's misconception in taking it for a
+      castle, or perceive the remoteness of all its realities from his ideal.
+      But even when better informed they seem to have no apprehension of the
+      full force of the discrepancy. Take, for instance, Gustave Dore's drawing
+      of Don Quixote watching his armour in the inn-yard. Whether or not the
+      Venta de Quesada on the Seville road is, as tradition maintains, the inn
+      described in "Don Quixote," beyond all question it was just such an
+      inn-yard as the one behind it that Cervantes had in his mind's eye, and it
+      was on just such a rude stone trough as that beside the primitive
+      draw-well in the corner that he meant Don Quixote to deposit his armour.
+      Gustave Dore makes it an elaborate fountain such as no arriero ever
+      watered his mules at in the corral of any venta in Spain, and thereby
+      entirely misses the point aimed at by Cervantes. It is the mean, prosaic,
+      commonplace character of all the surroundings and circumstances that gives
+      a significance to Don Quixote's vigil and the ceremony that follows.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cervantes' humour is for the most part of that broader and simpler sort,
+      the strength of which lies in the perception of the incongruous. It is the
+      incongruity of Sancho in all his ways, words, and works, with the ideas
+      and aims of his master, quite as much as the wonderful vitality and truth
+      to nature of the character, that makes him the most humorous creation in
+      the whole range of fiction. That unsmiling gravity of which Cervantes was
+      the first great master, "Cervantes' serious air," which sits naturally on
+      Swift alone, perhaps, of later humourists, is essential to this kind of
+      humour, and here again Cervantes has suffered at the hands of his
+      interpreters. Nothing, unless indeed the coarse buffoonery of Phillips,
+      could be more out of place in an attempt to represent Cervantes, than a
+      flippant, would-be facetious style, like that of Motteux's version for
+      example, or the sprightly, jaunty air, French translators sometimes adopt.
+      It is the grave matter-of-factness of the narrative, and the apparent
+      unconsciousness of the author that he is saying anything ludicrous,
+      anything but the merest commonplace, that give its peculiar flavour to the
+      humour of Cervantes. His, in fact, is the exact opposite of the humour of
+      Sterne and the self-conscious humourists. Even when Uncle Toby is at his
+      best, you are always aware of "the man Sterne" behind him, watching you
+      over his shoulder to see what effect he is producing. Cervantes always
+      leaves you alone with Don Quixote and Sancho. He and Swift and the great
+      humourists always keep themselves out of sight, or, more properly
+      speaking, never think about themselves at all, unlike our latter-day
+      school of humourists, who seem to have revived the old horse-collar
+      method, and try to raise a laugh by some grotesque assumption of
+      ignorance, imbecility, or bad taste.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is true that to do full justice to Spanish humour in any other language
+      is well-nigh an impossibility. There is a natural gravity and a sonorous
+      stateliness about Spanish, be it ever so colloquial, that make an
+      absurdity doubly absurd, and give plausibility to the most preposterous
+      statement. This is what makes Sancho Panza's drollery the despair of the
+      conscientious translator. Sancho's curt comments can never fall flat, but
+      they lose half their flavour when transferred from their native Castilian
+      into any other medium. But if foreigners have failed to do justice to the
+      humour of Cervantes, they are no worse than his own countrymen. Indeed,
+      were it not for the Spanish peasant's relish of "Don Quixote," one might
+      be tempted to think that the great humourist was not looked upon as a
+      humourist at all in his own country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The craze of Don Quixote seems, in some instances, to have communicated
+      itself to his critics, making them see things that are not in the book and
+      run full tilt at phantoms that have no existence save in their own
+      imaginations. Like a good many critics now-a-days, they forget that
+      screams are not criticism, and that it is only vulgar tastes that are
+      influenced by strings of superlatives, three-piled hyperboles, and pompous
+      epithets. But what strikes one as particularly strange is that while they
+      deal in extravagant eulogies, and ascribe all manner of imaginary ideas
+      and qualities to Cervantes, they show no perception of the quality that
+      ninety-nine out of a hundred of his readers would rate highest in him, and
+      hold to be the one that raises him above all rivalry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To speak of "Don Quixote" as if it were merely a humorous book would be a
+      manifest misdescription. Cervantes at times makes it a kind of commonplace
+      book for occasional essays and criticisms, or for the observations and
+      reflections and gathered wisdom of a long and stirring life. It is a mine
+      of shrewd observation on mankind and human nature. Among modern novels
+      there may be, here and there, more elaborate studies of character, but
+      there is no book richer in individualised character. What Coleridge said
+      of Shakespeare in minimis is true of Cervantes; he never, even for the
+      most temporary purpose, puts forward a lay figure. There is life and
+      individuality in all his characters, however little they may have to do,
+      or however short a time they may be before the reader. Samson Carrasco,
+      the curate, Teresa Panza, Altisidora, even the two students met on the
+      road to the cave of Montesinos, all live and move and have their being;
+      and it is characteristic of the broad humanity of Cervantes that there is
+      not a hateful one among them all. Even poor Maritornes, with her
+      deplorable morals, has a kind heart of her own and "some faint and distant
+      resemblance to a Christian about her;" and as for Sancho, though on
+      dissection we fail to find a lovable trait in him, unless it be a sort of
+      dog-like affection for his master, who is there that in his heart does not
+      love him?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it is, after all, the humour of "Don Quixote" that distinguishes it
+      from all other books of the romance kind. It is this that makes it, as one
+      of the most judicial-minded of modern critics calls it, "the best novel in
+      the world beyond all comparison." It is its varied humour, ranging from
+      broad farce to comedy as subtle as Shakespeare's or Moliere's that has
+      naturalised it in every country where there are readers, and made it a
+      classic in every language that has a literature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      SOME COMMENDATORY VERSES
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+URGANDA THE UNKNOWN
+
+To the book of Don Quixote of la Mancha
+
+ If to be welcomed by the good,
+   O Book! thou make thy steady aim,
+ No empty chatterer will dare
+   To question or dispute thy claim.
+ But if perchance thou hast a mind
+   To win of idiots approbation,
+ Lost labour will be thy reward,
+   Though they'll pretend appreciation.
+
+ They say a goodly shade he finds
+   Who shelters 'neath a goodly tree;
+ And such a one thy kindly star
+   In Bejar bath provided thee:
+ A royal tree whose spreading boughs
+   A show of princely fruit display;
+ A tree that bears a noble Duke,
+   The Alexander of his day.
+
+ Of a Manchegan gentleman
+   Thy purpose is to tell the story,
+ Relating how he lost his wits
+   O'er idle tales of love and glory,
+ Of "ladies, arms, and cavaliers:"
+   A new Orlando Furioso&mdash;
+ Innamorato, rather&mdash;who
+   Won Dulcinea del Toboso.
+
+ Put no vain emblems on thy shield;
+   All figures&mdash;that is bragging play.
+ A modest dedication make,
+   And give no scoffer room to say,
+ "What! Alvaro de Luna here?
+   Or is it Hannibal again?
+ Or does King Francis at Madrid
+   Once more of destiny complain?"
+
+ Since Heaven it hath not pleased on thee
+   Deep erudition to bestow,
+ Or black Latino's gift of tongues,
+   No Latin let thy pages show.
+ Ape not philosophy or wit,
+   Lest one who cannot comprehend,
+ Make a wry face at thee and ask,
+   "Why offer flowers to me, my friend?"
+
+ Be not a meddler; no affair
+   Of thine the life thy neighbours lead:
+ Be prudent; oft the random jest
+   Recoils upon the jester's head.
+ Thy constant labour let it be
+   To earn thyself an honest name,
+ For fooleries preserved in print
+   Are perpetuity of shame.
+
+ A further counsel bear in mind:
+   If that thy roof be made of glass,
+ It shows small wit to pick up stones
+   To pelt the people as they pass.
+ Win the attention of the wise,
+   And give the thinker food for thought;
+ Whoso indites frivolities,
+   Will but by simpletons be sought.
+
+
+
+
+             AMADIS OF GAUL
+       To Don Quixote of la Mancha
+
+SONNET
+
+ Thou that didst imitate that life of mine
+   When I in lonely sadness on the great
+   Rock Pena Pobre sat disconsolate,
+ In self-imposed penance there to pine;
+ Thou, whose sole beverage was the bitter brine
+   Of thine own tears, and who withouten plate
+   Of silver, copper, tin, in lowly state
+ Off the bare earth and on earth's fruits didst dine;
+ Live thou, of thine eternal glory sure.
+   So long as on the round of the fourth sphere
+   The bright Apollo shall his coursers steer,
+ In thy renown thou shalt remain secure,
+ Thy country's name in story shall endure,
+   And thy sage author stand without a peer.
+
+
+
+
+DON BELIANIS OF GREECE
+To Don Quixote of la Mancha
+
+SONNET
+
+ In slashing, hewing, cleaving, word and deed,
+   I was the foremost knight of chivalry,
+   Stout, bold, expert, as e'er the world did see;
+ Thousands from the oppressor's wrong I freed;
+ Great were my feats, eternal fame their meed;
+   In love I proved my truth and loyalty;
+   The hugest giant was a dwarf for me;
+ Ever to knighthood's laws gave I good heed.
+ My mastery the Fickle Goddess owned,
+   And even Chance, submitting to control,
+     Grasped by the forelock, yielded to my will.
+ Yet&mdash;though above yon horned moon enthroned
+     My fortune seems to sit&mdash;great Quixote, still
+   Envy of thy achievements fills my soul.
+
+
+
+
+THE LADY OF ORIANA
+To Dulcinea del Toboso
+
+SONNET
+
+ Oh, fairest Dulcinea, could it be!
+   It were a pleasant fancy to suppose so&mdash;
+   Could Miraflores change to El Toboso,
+ And London's town to that which shelters thee!
+ Oh, could mine but acquire that livery
+   Of countless charms thy mind and body show so!
+   Or him, now famous grown&mdash;thou mad'st him grow so&mdash;
+ Thy knight, in some dread combat could I see!
+ Oh, could I be released from Amadis
+   By exercise of such coy chastity
+ As led thee gentle Quixote to dismiss!
+     Then would my heavy sorrow turn to joy;
+   None would I envy, all would envy me,
+     And happiness be mine without alloy.
+
+
+
+
+GANDALIN, SQUIRE OF AMADIS OF GAUL,
+To Sancho Panza, squire of Don Quixote
+
+SONNET
+
+ All hail, illustrious man! Fortune, when she
+   Bound thee apprentice to the esquire trade,
+   Her care and tenderness of thee displayed,
+ Shaping thy course from misadventure free.
+ No longer now doth proud knight-errantry
+   Regard with scorn the sickle and the spade;
+   Of towering arrogance less count is made
+ Than of plain esquire-like simplicity.
+ I envy thee thy Dapple, and thy name,
+   And those alforjas thou wast wont to stuff
+ With comforts that thy providence proclaim.
+     Excellent Sancho! hail to thee again!
+     To thee alone the Ovid of our Spain
+   Does homage with the rustic kiss and cuff.
+
+
+
+
+   FROM EL DONOSO, THE MOTLEY POET,
+
+On Sancho Panza and Rocinante
+
+ON SANCHO
+
+I am the esquire Sancho Pan&mdash;
+Who served Don Quixote of La Man&mdash;;
+But from his service I retreat&mdash;,
+Resolved to pass my life discreet&mdash;;
+For Villadiego, called the Si&mdash;,
+Maintained that only in reti&mdash;
+Was found the secret of well-be&mdash;,
+According to the "Celesti&mdash;:"
+A book divine, except for sin&mdash;
+By speech too plain, in my opin&mdash;
+
+
+
+
+ON ROCINANTE
+
+I am that Rocinante fa&mdash;,
+Great-grandson of great Babie&mdash;,
+Who, all for being lean and bon&mdash;,
+Had one Don Quixote for an own&mdash;;
+But if I matched him well in weak&mdash;,
+I never took short commons meek&mdash;,
+But kept myself in corn by steal&mdash;,
+A trick I learned from Lazaril&mdash;,
+When with a piece of straw so neat&mdash;
+The blind man of his wine he cheat&mdash;.
+
+
+
+
+ORLANDO FURIOSO
+To Don Quixote of La Mancha
+
+SONNET
+
+ If thou art not a Peer, peer thou hast none;
+   Among a thousand Peers thou art a peer;
+   Nor is there room for one when thou art near,
+ Unvanquished victor, great unconquered one!
+ Orlando, by Angelica undone,
+   Am I; o'er distant seas condemned to steer,
+   And to Fame's altars as an offering bear
+ Valour respected by Oblivion.
+ I cannot be thy rival, for thy fame
+   And prowess rise above all rivalry,
+     Albeit both bereft of wits we go.
+ But, though the Scythian or the Moor to tame
+   Was not thy lot, still thou dost rival me:
+    Love binds us in a fellowship of woe.
+
+
+
+
+THE KNIGHT OF PHOEBUS
+
+To Don Quixote of La Mancha
+
+ My sword was not to be compared with thine
+   Phoebus of Spain, marvel of courtesy,
+ Nor with thy famous arm this hand of mine
+   That smote from east to west as lightnings fly.
+   I scorned all empire, and that monarchy
+ The rosy east held out did I resign
+   For one glance of Claridiana's eye,
+ The bright Aurora for whose love I pine.
+ A miracle of constancy my love;
+   And banished by her ruthless cruelty,
+     This arm had might the rage of Hell to tame.
+ But, Gothic Quixote, happier thou dost prove,
+     For thou dost live in Dulcinea's name,
+   And famous, honoured, wise, she lives in thee.
+
+
+
+
+FROM SOLISDAN
+To Don Quixote of La Mancha
+
+SONNET
+
+ Your fantasies, Sir Quixote, it is true,
+   That crazy brain of yours have quite upset,
+   But aught of base or mean hath never yet
+ Been charged by any in reproach to you.
+ Your deeds are open proof in all men's view;
+   For you went forth injustice to abate,
+   And for your pains sore drubbings did you get
+ From many a rascally and ruffian crew.
+ If the fair Dulcinea, your heart's queen,
+   Be unrelenting in her cruelty,
+     If still your woe be powerless to move her,
+   In such hard case your comfort let it be
+ That Sancho was a sorry go-between:
+     A booby he, hard-hearted she, and you no lover.
+
+
+
+
+DIALOGUE
+Between Babieca and Rocinante
+
+SONNET
+
+B.  "How comes it, Rocinante, you're so lean?"
+R.  "I'm underfed, with overwork I'm worn."
+B.  "But what becomes of all the hay and corn?"
+R.  "My master gives me none; he's much too mean."
+B.  "Come, come, you show ill-breeding, sir, I ween;
+  'T is like an ass your master thus to scorn."
+R.  He is an ass, will die an ass, an ass was born;
+  Why, he's in love; what's what's plainer to be seen?"
+B.  "To be in love is folly?"&mdash;R. "No great sense."
+B.  "You're metaphysical."&mdash;R. "From want of food."
+B.  "Rail at the squire, then."&mdash;R. "Why, what's the good?
+    I might indeed complain of him, I grant ye,
+  But, squire or master, where's the difference?
+    They're both as sorry hacks as Rocinante."
+
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p005" id="p005"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p005.jpg (171K)" src="images/p005.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p005.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Idle reader: thou mayest believe me without any oath that I would this
+      book, as it is the child of my brain, were the fairest, gayest, and
+      cleverest that could be imagined. But I could not counteract Nature's law
+      that everything shall beget its like; and what, then, could this sterile,
+      illtilled wit of mine beget but the story of a dry, shrivelled, whimsical
+      offspring, full of thoughts of all sorts and such as never came into any
+      other imagination&mdash;just what might be begotten in a prison, where
+      every misery is lodged and every doleful sound makes its dwelling?
+      Tranquillity, a cheerful retreat, pleasant fields, bright skies, murmuring
+      brooks, peace of mind, these are the things that go far to make even the
+      most barren muses fertile, and bring into the world births that fill it
+      with wonder and delight. Sometimes when a father has an ugly, loutish son,
+      the love he bears him so blindfolds his eyes that he does not see his
+      defects, or, rather, takes them for gifts and charms of mind and body, and
+      talks of them to his friends as wit and grace. I, however&mdash;for though
+      I pass for the father, I am but the stepfather to "Don Quixote"&mdash;have
+      no desire to go with the current of custom, or to implore thee, dearest
+      reader, almost with tears in my eyes, as others do, to pardon or excuse
+      the defects thou wilt perceive in this child of mine. Thou art neither its
+      kinsman nor its friend, thy soul is thine own and thy will as free as any
+      man's, whate'er he be, thou art in thine own house and master of it as
+      much as the king of his taxes and thou knowest the common saying, "Under
+      my cloak I kill the king;" all which exempts and frees thee from every
+      consideration and obligation, and thou canst say what thou wilt of the
+      story without fear of being abused for any ill or rewarded for any good
+      thou mayest say of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      My wish would be simply to present it to thee plain and unadorned, without
+      any embellishment of preface or uncountable muster of customary sonnets,
+      epigrams, and eulogies, such as are commonly put at the beginning of
+      books. For I can tell thee, though composing it cost me some labour, I
+      found none greater than the making of this Preface thou art now reading.
+      Many times did I take up my pen to write it, and many did I lay it down
+      again, not knowing what to write. One of these times, as I was pondering
+      with the paper before me, a pen in my ear, my elbow on the desk, and my
+      cheek in my hand, thinking of what I should say, there came in
+      unexpectedly a certain lively, clever friend of mine, who, seeing me so
+      deep in thought, asked the reason; to which I, making no mystery of it,
+      answered that I was thinking of the Preface I had to make for the story of
+      "Don Quixote," which so troubled me that I had a mind not to make any at
+      all, nor even publish the achievements of so noble a knight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For, how could you expect me not to feel uneasy about what that ancient
+      lawgiver they call the Public will say when it sees me, after slumbering
+      so many years in the silence of oblivion, coming out now with all my years
+      upon my back, and with a book as dry as a rush, devoid of invention,
+      meagre in style, poor in thoughts, wholly wanting in learning and wisdom,
+      without quotations in the margin or annotations at the end, after the
+      fashion of other books I see, which, though all fables and profanity, are
+      so full of maxims from Aristotle, and Plato, and the whole herd of
+      philosophers, that they fill the readers with amazement and convince them
+      that the authors are men of learning, erudition, and eloquence. And then,
+      when they quote the Holy Scriptures!&mdash;anyone would say they are St.
+      Thomases or other doctors of the Church, observing as they do a decorum so
+      ingenious that in one sentence they describe a distracted lover and in the
+      next deliver a devout little sermon that it is a pleasure and a treat to
+      hear and read. Of all this there will be nothing in my book, for I have
+      nothing to quote in the margin or to note at the end, and still less do I
+      know what authors I follow in it, to place them at the beginning, as all
+      do, under the letters A, B, C, beginning with Aristotle and ending with
+      Xenophon, or Zoilus, or Zeuxis, though one was a slanderer and the other a
+      painter. Also my book must do without sonnets at the beginning, at least
+      sonnets whose authors are dukes, marquises, counts, bishops, ladies, or
+      famous poets. Though if I were to ask two or three obliging friends, I
+      know they would give me them, and such as the productions of those that
+      have the highest reputation in our Spain could not equal.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In short, my friend," I continued, "I am determined that Senor Don
+      Quixote shall remain buried in the archives of his own La Mancha until
+      Heaven provide some one to garnish him with all those things he stands in
+      need of; because I find myself, through my shallowness and want of
+      learning, unequal to supplying them, and because I am by nature shy and
+      careless about hunting for authors to say what I myself can say without
+      them. Hence the cogitation and abstraction you found me in, and reason
+      enough, what you have heard from me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hearing this, my friend, giving himself a slap on the forehead and
+      breaking into a hearty laugh, exclaimed, "Before God, Brother, now am I
+      disabused of an error in which I have been living all this long time I
+      have known you, all through which I have taken you to be shrewd and
+      sensible in all you do; but now I see you are as far from that as the
+      heaven is from the earth. It is possible that things of so little moment
+      and so easy to set right can occupy and perplex a ripe wit like yours, fit
+      to break through and crush far greater obstacles? By my faith, this comes,
+      not of any want of ability, but of too much indolence and too little
+      knowledge of life. Do you want to know if I am telling the truth? Well,
+      then, attend to me, and you will see how, in the opening and shutting of
+      an eye, I sweep away all your difficulties, and supply all those
+      deficiencies which you say check and discourage you from bringing before
+      the world the story of your famous Don Quixote, the light and mirror of
+      all knight-errantry."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say on," said I, listening to his talk; "how do you propose to make up
+      for my diffidence, and reduce to order this chaos of perplexity I am in?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which he made answer, "Your first difficulty about the sonnets,
+      epigrams, or complimentary verses which you want for the beginning, and
+      which ought to be by persons of importance and rank, can be removed if you
+      yourself take a little trouble to make them; you can afterwards baptise
+      them, and put any name you like to them, fathering them on Prester John of
+      the Indies or the Emperor of Trebizond, who, to my knowledge, were said to
+      have been famous poets: and even if they were not, and any pedants or
+      bachelors should attack you and question the fact, never care two
+      maravedis for that, for even if they prove a lie against you they cannot
+      cut off the hand you wrote it with.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As to references in the margin to the books and authors from whom you
+      take the aphorisms and sayings you put into your story, it is only
+      contriving to fit in nicely any sentences or scraps of Latin you may
+      happen to have by heart, or at any rate that will not give you much
+      trouble to look up; so as, when you speak of freedom and captivity, to
+      insert
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p>
+        <i>Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro;</i>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      and then refer in the margin to Horace, or whoever said it; or, if you
+      allude to the power of death, to come in with&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p>
+        <i>Pallida mors Aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas,<br /> Regumque
+        turres.</i>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      "If it be friendship and the love God bids us bear to our enemy, go at
+      once to the Holy Scriptures, which you can do with a very small amount of
+      research, and quote no less than the words of God himself: Ego autem dico
+      vobis: diligite inimicos vestros. If you speak of evil thoughts, turn to
+      the Gospel: De corde exeunt cogitationes malae. If of the fickleness of
+      friends, there is Cato, who will give you his distich:
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p>
+        <i>Donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos,<br /> Tempora si fuerint
+        nubila, solus eris.</i>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      "With these and such like bits of Latin they will take you for a
+      grammarian at all events, and that now-a-days is no small honour and
+      profit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With regard to adding annotations at the end of the book, you may safely
+      do it in this way. If you mention any giant in your book contrive that it
+      shall be the giant Goliath, and with this alone, which will cost you
+      almost nothing, you have a grand note, for you can put&mdash;The giant
+      Golias or Goliath was a Philistine whom the shepherd David slew by a
+      mighty stone-cast in the Terebinth valley, as is related in the Book of
+      Kings&mdash;in the chapter where you find it written.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Next, to prove yourself a man of erudition in polite literature and
+      cosmography, manage that the river Tagus shall be named in your story, and
+      there you are at once with another famous annotation, setting forth&mdash;The
+      river Tagus was so called after a King of Spain: it has its source in such
+      and such a place and falls into the ocean, kissing the walls of the famous
+      city of Lisbon, and it is a common belief that it has golden sands, etc.
+      If you should have anything to do with robbers, I will give you the story
+      of Cacus, for I have it by heart; if with loose women, there is the Bishop
+      of Mondonedo, who will give you the loan of Lamia, Laida, and Flora, any
+      reference to whom will bring you great credit; if with hard-hearted ones,
+      Ovid will furnish you with Medea; if with witches or enchantresses, Homer
+      has Calypso, and Virgil Circe; if with valiant captains, Julius Caesar
+      himself will lend you himself in his own 'Commentaries,' and Plutarch will
+      give you a thousand Alexanders. If you should deal with love, with two
+      ounces you may know of Tuscan you can go to Leon the Hebrew, who will
+      supply you to your heart's content; or if you should not care to go to
+      foreign countries you have at home Fonseca's 'Of the Love of God,' in
+      which is condensed all that you or the most imaginative mind can want on
+      the subject. In short, all you have to do is to manage to quote these
+      names, or refer to these stories I have mentioned, and leave it to me to
+      insert the annotations and quotations, and I swear by all that's good to
+      fill your margins and use up four sheets at the end of the book.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Now let us come to those references to authors which other books have,
+      and you want for yours. The remedy for this is very simple: You have only
+      to look out for some book that quotes them all, from A to Z as you say
+      yourself, and then insert the very same alphabet in your book, and though
+      the imposition may be plain to see, because you have so little need to
+      borrow from them, that is no matter; there will probably be some simple
+      enough to believe that you have made use of them all in this plain,
+      artless story of yours. At any rate, if it answers no other purpose, this
+      long catalogue of authors will serve to give a surprising look of
+      authority to your book. Besides, no one will trouble himself to verify
+      whether you have followed them or whether you have not, being no way
+      concerned in it; especially as, if I mistake not, this book of yours has
+      no need of any one of those things you say it wants, for it is, from
+      beginning to end, an attack upon the books of chivalry, of which Aristotle
+      never dreamt, nor St. Basil said a word, nor Cicero had any knowledge; nor
+      do the niceties of truth nor the observations of astrology come within the
+      range of its fanciful vagaries; nor have geometrical measurements or
+      refutations of the arguments used in rhetoric anything to do with it; nor
+      does it mean to preach to anybody, mixing up things human and divine, a
+      sort of motley in which no Christian understanding should dress itself. It
+      has only to avail itself of truth to nature in its composition, and the
+      more perfect the imitation the better the work will be. And as this piece
+      of yours aims at nothing more than to destroy the authority and influence
+      which books of chivalry have in the world and with the public, there is no
+      need for you to go a-begging for aphorisms from philosophers, precepts
+      from Holy Scripture, fables from poets, speeches from orators, or miracles
+      from saints; but merely to take care that your style and diction run
+      musically, pleasantly, and plainly, with clear, proper, and well-placed
+      words, setting forth your purpose to the best of your power, and putting
+      your ideas intelligibly, without confusion or obscurity. Strive, too, that
+      in reading your story the melancholy may be moved to laughter, and the
+      merry made merrier still; that the simple shall not be wearied, that the
+      judicious shall admire the invention, that the grave shall not despise it,
+      nor the wise fail to praise it. Finally, keep your aim fixed on the
+      destruction of that ill-founded edifice of the books of chivalry, hated by
+      some and praised by many more; for if you succeed in this you will have
+      achieved no small success."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In profound silence I listened to what my friend said, and his
+      observations made such an impression on me that, without attempting to
+      question them, I admitted their soundness, and out of them I determined to
+      make this Preface; wherein, gentle reader, thou wilt perceive my friend's
+      good sense, my good fortune in finding such an adviser in such a time of
+      need, and what thou hast gained in receiving, without addition or
+      alteration, the story of the famous Don Quixote of La Mancha, who is held
+      by all the inhabitants of the district of the Campo de Montiel to have
+      been the chastest lover and the bravest knight that has for many years
+      been seen in that neighbourhood. I have no desire to magnify the service I
+      render thee in making thee acquainted with so renowned and honoured a
+      knight, but I do desire thy thanks for the acquaintance thou wilt make
+      with the famous Sancho Panza, his squire, in whom, to my thinking, I have
+      given thee condensed all the squirely drolleries that are scattered
+      through the swarm of the vain books of chivalry. And so&mdash;may God give
+      thee health, and not forget me. Vale.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      DEDICATION OF PART I
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      TO THE DUKE OF BEJAR, MARQUIS OF GIBRALEON, COUNT OF BENALCAZAR AND
+      BANARES, VICECOUNT OF THE PUEBLA DE ALCOCER, MASTER OF THE TOWNS OF
+      CAPILLA, CURIEL AND BURGUILLOS
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In belief of the good reception and honours that Your Excellency bestows
+      on all sort of books, as prince so inclined to favor good arts, chiefly
+      those who by their nobleness do not submit to the service and bribery of
+      the vulgar, I have determined bringing to light The Ingenious Gentleman
+      Don Quixote of la Mancha, in shelter of Your Excellency's glamorous name,
+      to whom, with the obeisance I owe to such grandeur, I pray to receive it
+      agreeably under his protection, so that in this shadow, though deprived of
+      that precious ornament of elegance and erudition that clothe the works
+      composed in the houses of those who know, it dares appear with assurance
+      in the judgment of some who, trespassing the bounds of their own
+      ignorance, use to condemn with more rigour and less justice the writings
+      of others. It is my earnest hope that Your Excellency's good counsel in
+      regard to my honourable purpose, will not disdain the littleness of so
+      humble a service.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Miguel de Cervantes
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="e00.jpg (24K)" src="images/e00.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch1" id="ch1"></a>CHAPTER I.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE CHARACTER AND PURSUITS OF THE FAMOUS GENTLEMAN DON
+      QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="p007" id="p007"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p007.jpg (150K)" src="images/p007.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p007.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to call to
+      mind, there lived not long since one of those gentlemen that keep a lance
+      in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean hack, and a greyhound for
+      coursing. An olla of rather more beef than mutton, a salad on most nights,
+      scraps on Saturdays, lentils on Fridays, and a pigeon or so extra on
+      Sundays, made away with three-quarters of his income. The rest of it went
+      in a doublet of fine cloth and velvet breeches and shoes to match for
+      holidays, while on week-days he made a brave figure in his best homespun.
+      He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a
+      lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as
+      handle the bill-hook. The age of this gentleman of ours was bordering on
+      fifty; he was of a hardy habit, spare, gaunt-featured, a very early riser
+      and a great sportsman. They will have it his surname was Quixada or
+      Quesada (for here there is some difference of opinion among the authors
+      who write on the subject), although from reasonable conjectures it seems
+      plain that he was called Quexana. This, however, is of but little
+      importance to our tale; it will be enough not to stray a hair's breadth
+      from the truth in the telling of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at
+      leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to reading
+      books of chivalry with such ardour and avidity that he almost entirely
+      neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the management of his
+      property; and to such a pitch did his eagerness and infatuation go that he
+      sold many an acre of tillageland to buy books of chivalry to read, and
+      brought home as many of them as he could get. But of all there were none
+      he liked so well as those of the famous Feliciano de Silva's composition,
+      for their lucidity of style and complicated conceits were as pearls in his
+      sight, particularly when in his reading he came upon courtships and
+      cartels, where he often found passages like "the reason of the unreason
+      with which my reason is afflicted so weakens my reason that with reason I
+      murmur at your beauty;" or again, "the high heavens, that of your divinity
+      divinely fortify you with the stars, render you deserving of the desert
+      your greatness deserves." Over conceits of this sort the poor gentleman
+      lost his wits, and used to lie awake striving to understand them and worm
+      the meaning out of them; what Aristotle himself could not have made out or
+      extracted had he come to life again for that special purpose. He was not
+      at all easy about the wounds which Don Belianis gave and took, because it
+      seemed to him that, great as were the surgeons who had cured him, he must
+      have had his face and body covered all over with seams and scars. He
+      commended, however, the author's way of ending his book with the promise
+      of that interminable adventure, and many a time was he tempted to take up
+      his pen and finish it properly as is there proposed, which no doubt he
+      would have done, and made a successful piece of work of it too, had not
+      greater and more absorbing thoughts prevented him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Many an argument did he have with the curate of his village (a learned
+      man, and a graduate of Siguenza) as to which had been the better knight,
+      Palmerin of England or Amadis of Gaul. Master Nicholas, the village
+      barber, however, used to say that neither of them came up to the Knight of
+      Phoebus, and that if there was any that could compare with him it was Don
+      Galaor, the brother of Amadis of Gaul, because he had a spirit that was
+      equal to every occasion, and was no finikin knight, nor lachrymose like
+      his brother, while in the matter of valour he was not a whit behind him.
+      In short, he became so absorbed in his books that he spent his nights from
+      sunset to sunrise, and his days from dawn to dark, poring over them; and
+      what with little sleep and much reading his brains got so dry that he lost
+      his wits. His fancy grew full of what he used to read about in his books,
+      enchantments, quarrels, battles, challenges, wounds, wooings, loves,
+      agonies, and all sorts of impossible nonsense; and it so possessed his
+      mind that the whole fabric of invention and fancy he read of was true,
+      that to him no history in the world had more reality in it. He used to say
+      the Cid Ruy Diaz was a very good knight, but that he was not to be
+      compared with the Knight of the Burning Sword who with one back-stroke cut
+      in half two fierce and monstrous giants. He thought more of Bernardo del
+      Carpio because at Roncesvalles he slew Roland in spite of enchantments,
+      availing himself of the artifice of Hercules when he strangled Antaeus the
+      son of Terra in his arms. He approved highly of the giant Morgante,
+      because, although of the giant breed which is always arrogant and
+      ill-conditioned, he alone was affable and well-bred. But above all he
+      admired Reinaldos of Montalban, especially when he saw him sallying forth
+      from his castle and robbing everyone he met, and when beyond the seas he
+      stole that image of Mahomet which, as his history says, was entirely of
+      gold. To have a bout of kicking at that traitor of a Ganelon he would have
+      given his housekeeper, and his niece into the bargain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In short, his wits being quite gone, he hit upon the strangest notion that
+      ever madman in this world hit upon, and that was that he fancied it was
+      right and requisite, as well for the support of his own honour as for the
+      service of his country, that he should make a knight-errant of himself,
+      roaming the world over in full armour and on horseback in quest of
+      adventures, and putting in practice himself all that he had read of as
+      being the usual practices of knights-errant; righting every kind of wrong,
+      and exposing himself to peril and danger from which, in the issue, he was
+      to reap eternal renown and fame. Already the poor man saw himself crowned
+      by the might of his arm Emperor of Trebizond at least; and so, led away by
+      the intense enjoyment he found in these pleasant fancies, he set himself
+      forthwith to put his scheme into execution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The first thing he did was to clean up some armour that had belonged to
+      his great-grandfather, and had been for ages lying forgotten in a corner
+      eaten with rust and covered with mildew. He scoured and polished it as
+      best he could, but he perceived one great defect in it, that it had no
+      closed helmet, nothing but a simple morion. This deficiency, however, his
+      ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of half-helmet of pasteboard
+      which, fitted on to the morion, looked like a whole one. It is true that,
+      in order to see if it was strong and fit to stand a cut, he drew his sword
+      and gave it a couple of slashes, the first of which undid in an instant
+      what had taken him a week to do. The ease with which he had knocked it to
+      pieces disconcerted him somewhat, and to guard against that danger he set
+      to work again, fixing bars of iron on the inside until he was satisfied
+      with its strength; and then, not caring to try any more experiments with
+      it, he passed it and adopted it as a helmet of the most perfect
+      construction.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He next proceeded to inspect his hack, which, with more quartos than a
+      real and more blemishes than the steed of Gonela, that "tantum pellis et
+      ossa fuit," surpassed in his eyes the Bucephalus of Alexander or the
+      Babieca of the Cid. Four days were spent in thinking what name to give
+      him, because (as he said to himself) it was not right that a horse
+      belonging to a knight so famous, and one with such merits of his own,
+      should be without some distinctive name, and he strove to adapt it so as
+      to indicate what he had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what
+      he then was; for it was only reasonable that, his master taking a new
+      character, he should take a new name, and that it should be a
+      distinguished and full-sounding one, befitting the new order and calling
+      he was about to follow. And so, after having composed, struck out,
+      rejected, added to, unmade, and remade a multitude of names out of his
+      memory and fancy, he decided upon calling him Rocinante, a name, to his
+      thinking, lofty, sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack
+      before he became what he now was, the first and foremost of all the hacks
+      in the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having got a name for his horse so much to his taste, he was anxious to
+      get one for himself, and he was eight days more pondering over this point,
+      till at last he made up his mind to call himself "Don Quixote," whence, as
+      has been already said, the authors of this veracious history have inferred
+      that his name must have been beyond a doubt Quixada, and not Quesada as
+      others would have it. Recollecting, however, that the valiant Amadis was
+      not content to call himself curtly Amadis and nothing more, but added the
+      name of his kingdom and country to make it famous, and called himself
+      Amadis of Gaul, he, like a good knight, resolved to add on the name of
+      his, and to style himself Don Quixote of La Mancha, whereby, he
+      considered, he described accurately his origin and country, and did honour
+      to it in taking his surname from it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So then, his armour being furbished, his morion turned into a helmet, his
+      hack christened, and he himself confirmed, he came to the conclusion that
+      nothing more was needed now but to look out for a lady to be in love with;
+      for a knight-errant without love was like a tree without leaves or fruit,
+      or a body without a soul. As he said to himself, "If, for my sins, or by
+      my good fortune, I come across some giant hereabouts, a common occurrence
+      with knights-errant, and overthrow him in one onslaught, or cleave him
+      asunder to the waist, or, in short, vanquish and subdue him, will it not
+      be well to have some one I may send him to as a present, that he may come
+      in and fall on his knees before my sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive
+      voice say, 'I am the giant Caraculiambro, lord of the island of
+      Malindrania, vanquished in single combat by the never sufficiently
+      extolled knight Don Quixote of La Mancha, who has commanded me to present
+      myself before your Grace, that your Highness dispose of me at your
+      pleasure'?" Oh, how our good gentleman enjoyed the delivery of this
+      speech, especially when he had thought of some one to call his Lady! There
+      was, so the story goes, in a village near his own a very good-looking
+      farm-girl with whom he had been at one time in love, though, so far as is
+      known, she never knew it nor gave a thought to the matter. Her name was
+      Aldonza Lorenzo, and upon her he thought fit to confer the title of Lady
+      of his Thoughts; and after some search for a name which should not be out
+      of harmony with her own, and should suggest and indicate that of a
+      princess and great lady, he decided upon calling her Dulcinea del Toboso&mdash;she
+      being of El Toboso&mdash;a name, to his mind, musical, uncommon, and
+      significant, like all those he had already bestowed upon himself and the
+      things belonging to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p007b" id="p007b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p007b.jpg (61K)" src="images/p007b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch2" id="ch2"></a>CHAPTER II.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE FIRST SALLY THE INGENIOUS DON QUIXOTE MADE FROM HOME
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="p007c" id="p007c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p007c.jpg (97K)" src="images/p007c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p007c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These preliminaries settled, he did not care to put off any longer the
+      execution of his design, urged on to it by the thought of all the world
+      was losing by his delay, seeing what wrongs he intended to right,
+      grievances to redress, injustices to repair, abuses to remove, and duties
+      to discharge. So, without giving notice of his intention to anyone, and
+      without anybody seeing him, one morning before the dawning of the day
+      (which was one of the hottest of the month of July) he donned his suit of
+      armour, mounted Rocinante with his patched-up helmet on, braced his
+      buckler, took his lance, and by the back door of the yard sallied forth
+      upon the plain in the highest contentment and satisfaction at seeing with
+      what ease he had made a beginning with his grand purpose. But scarcely did
+      he find himself upon the open plain, when a terrible thought struck him,
+      one all but enough to make him abandon the enterprise at the very outset.
+      It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that
+      according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms
+      against any knight; and that even if he had been, still he ought, as a
+      novice knight, to wear white armour, without a device upon the shield
+      until by his prowess he had earned one. These reflections made him waver
+      in his purpose, but his craze being stronger than any reasoning, he made
+      up his mind to have himself dubbed a knight by the first one he came
+      across, following the example of others in the same case, as he had read
+      in the books that brought him to this pass. As for white armour, he
+      resolved, on the first opportunity, to scour his until it was whiter than
+      an ermine; and so comforting himself he pursued his way, taking that which
+      his horse chose, for in this he believed lay the essence of adventures.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus setting out, our new-fledged adventurer paced along, talking to
+      himself and saying, "Who knows but that in time to come, when the
+      veracious history of my famous deeds is made known, the sage who writes
+      it, when he has to set forth my first sally in the early morning, will do
+      it after this fashion? 'Scarce had the rubicund Apollo spread o'er the
+      face of the broad spacious earth the golden threads of his bright hair,
+      scarce had the little birds of painted plumage attuned their notes to hail
+      with dulcet and mellifluous harmony the coming of the rosy Dawn, that,
+      deserting the soft couch of her jealous spouse, was appearing to mortals
+      at the gates and balconies of the Manchegan horizon, when the renowned
+      knight Don Quixote of La Mancha, quitting the lazy down, mounted his
+      celebrated steed Rocinante and began to traverse the ancient and famous
+      Campo de Montiel;'" which in fact he was actually traversing. "Happy the
+      age, happy the time," he continued, "in which shall be made known my deeds
+      of fame, worthy to be moulded in brass, carved in marble, limned in
+      pictures, for a memorial for ever. And thou, O sage magician, whoever thou
+      art, to whom it shall fall to be the chronicler of this wondrous history,
+      forget not, I entreat thee, my good Rocinante, the constant companion of
+      my ways and wanderings." Presently he broke out again, as if he were
+      love-stricken in earnest, "O Princess Dulcinea, lady of this captive
+      heart, a grievous wrong hast thou done me to drive me forth with scorn,
+      and with inexorable obduracy banish me from the presence of thy beauty. O
+      lady, deign to hold in remembrance this heart, thy vassal, that thus in
+      anguish pines for love of thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So he went on stringing together these and other absurdities, all in the
+      style of those his books had taught him, imitating their language as well
+      as he could; and all the while he rode so slowly and the sun mounted so
+      rapidly and with such fervour that it was enough to melt his brains if he
+      had any. Nearly all day he travelled without anything remarkable happening
+      to him, at which he was in despair, for he was anxious to encounter some
+      one at once upon whom to try the might of his strong arm.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p008" id="p008"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p008.jpg (289K)" src="images/p008.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p008.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Writers there are who say the first adventure he met with was that of
+      Puerto Lapice; others say it was that of the windmills; but what I have
+      ascertained on this point, and what I have found written in the annals of
+      La Mancha, is that he was on the road all day, and towards nightfall his
+      hack and he found themselves dead tired and hungry, when, looking all
+      around to see if he could discover any castle or shepherd's shanty where
+      he might refresh himself and relieve his sore wants, he perceived not far
+      out of his road an inn, which was as welcome as a star guiding him to the
+      portals, if not the palaces, of his redemption; and quickening his pace he
+      reached it just as night was setting in. At the door were standing two
+      young women, girls of the district as they call them, on their way to
+      Seville with some carriers who had chanced to halt that night at the inn;
+      and as, happen what might to our adventurer, everything he saw or imaged
+      seemed to him to be and to happen after the fashion of what he read of,
+      the moment he saw the inn he pictured it to himself as a castle with its
+      four turrets and pinnacles of shining silver, not forgetting the
+      drawbridge and moat and all the belongings usually ascribed to castles of
+      the sort. To this inn, which to him seemed a castle, he advanced, and at a
+      short distance from it he checked Rocinante, hoping that some dwarf would
+      show himself upon the battlements, and by sound of trumpet give notice
+      that a knight was approaching the castle. But seeing that they were slow
+      about it, and that Rocinante was in a hurry to reach the stable, he made
+      for the inn door, and perceived the two gay damsels who were standing
+      there, and who seemed to him to be two fair maidens or lovely ladies
+      taking their ease at the castle gate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this moment it so happened that a swineherd who was going through the
+      stubbles collecting a drove of pigs (for, without any apology, that is
+      what they are called) gave a blast of his horn to bring them together, and
+      forthwith it seemed to Don Quixote to be what he was expecting, the signal
+      of some dwarf announcing his arrival; and so with prodigious satisfaction
+      he rode up to the inn and to the ladies, who, seeing a man of this sort
+      approaching in full armour and with lance and buckler, were turning in
+      dismay into the inn, when Don Quixote, guessing their fear by their
+      flight, raising his pasteboard visor, disclosed his dry dusty visage, and
+      with courteous bearing and gentle voice addressed them, "Your ladyships
+      need not fly or fear any rudeness, for that it belongs not to the order of
+      knighthood which I profess to offer to anyone, much less to highborn
+      maidens as your appearance proclaims you to be." The girls were looking at
+      him and straining their eyes to make out the features which the clumsy
+      visor obscured, but when they heard themselves called maidens, a thing so
+      much out of their line, they could not restrain their laughter, which made
+      Don Quixote wax indignant, and say, "Modesty becomes the fair, and
+      moreover laughter that has little cause is great silliness; this, however,
+      I say not to pain or anger you, for my desire is none other than to serve
+      you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The incomprehensible language and the unpromising looks of our cavalier
+      only increased the ladies' laughter, and that increased his irritation,
+      and matters might have gone farther if at that moment the landlord had not
+      come out, who, being a very fat man, was a very peaceful one. He, seeing
+      this grotesque figure clad in armour that did not match any more than his
+      saddle, bridle, lance, buckler, or corselet, was not at all indisposed to
+      join the damsels in their manifestations of amusement; but, in truth,
+      standing in awe of such a complicated armament, he thought it best to
+      speak him fairly, so he said, "Senor Caballero, if your worship wants
+      lodging, bating the bed (for there is not one in the inn) there is plenty
+      of everything else here." Don Quixote, observing the respectful bearing of
+      the Alcaide of the fortress (for so innkeeper and inn seemed in his eyes),
+      made answer, "Sir Castellan, for me anything will suffice, for
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+'My armour is my only wear,
+My only rest the fray.'"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The host fancied he called him Castellan because he took him for a "worthy
+      of Castile," though he was in fact an Andalusian, and one from the strand
+      of San Lucar, as crafty a thief as Cacus and as full of tricks as a
+      student or a page. "In that case," said he,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+"'Your bed is on the flinty rock,
+Your sleep to watch alway;'
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      and if so, you may dismount and safely reckon upon any quantity of
+      sleeplessness under this roof for a twelvemonth, not to say for a single
+      night." So saying, he advanced to hold the stirrup for Don Quixote, who
+      got down with great difficulty and exertion (for he had not broken his
+      fast all day), and then charged the host to take great care of his horse,
+      as he was the best bit of flesh that ever ate bread in this world. The
+      landlord eyed him over but did not find him as good as Don Quixote said,
+      nor even half as good; and putting him up in the stable, he returned to
+      see what might be wanted by his guest, whom the damsels, who had by this
+      time made their peace with him, were now relieving of his armour. They had
+      taken off his breastplate and backpiece, but they neither knew nor saw how
+      to open his gorget or remove his make-shift helmet, for he had fastened it
+      with green ribbons, which, as there was no untying the knots, required to
+      be cut. This, however, he would not by any means consent to, so he
+      remained all the evening with his helmet on, the drollest and oddest
+      figure that can be imagined; and while they were removing his armour,
+      taking the baggages who were about it for ladies of high degree belonging
+      to the castle, he said to them with great sprightliness:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+"Oh, never, surely, was there knight
+  So served by hand of dame,
+As served was he, Don Quixote hight,
+  When from his town he came;
+With maidens waiting on himself,
+  Princesses on his hack&mdash;
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      &mdash;or Rocinante, for that, ladies mine, is my horse's name, and Don
+      Quixote of La Mancha is my own; for though I had no intention of declaring
+      myself until my achievements in your service and honour had made me known,
+      the necessity of adapting that old ballad of Lancelot to the present
+      occasion has given you the knowledge of my name altogether prematurely. A
+      time, however, will come for your ladyships to command and me to obey, and
+      then the might of my arm will show my desire to serve you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The girls, who were not used to hearing rhetoric of this sort, had nothing
+      to say in reply; they only asked him if he wanted anything to eat. "I
+      would gladly eat a bit of something," said Don Quixote, "for I feel it
+      would come very seasonably." The day happened to be a Friday, and in the
+      whole inn there was nothing but some pieces of the fish they call in
+      Castile "abadejo," in Andalusia "bacallao," and in some places
+      "curadillo," and in others "troutlet;" so they asked him if he thought he
+      could eat troutlet, for there was no other fish to give him. "If there be
+      troutlets enough," said Don Quixote, "they will be the same thing as a
+      trout; for it is all one to me whether I am given eight reals in small
+      change or a piece of eight; moreover, it may be that these troutlets are
+      like veal, which is better than beef, or kid, which is better than goat.
+      But whatever it be let it come quickly, for the burden and pressure of
+      arms cannot be borne without support to the inside." They laid a table for
+      him at the door of the inn for the sake of the air, and the host brought
+      him a portion of ill-soaked and worse cooked stockfish, and a piece of
+      bread as black and mouldy as his own armour; but a laughable sight it was
+      to see him eating, for having his helmet on and the beaver up, he could
+      not with his own hands put anything into his mouth unless some one else
+      placed it there, and this service one of the ladies rendered him. But to
+      give him anything to drink was impossible, or would have been so had not
+      the landlord bored a reed, and putting one end in his mouth poured the
+      wine into him through the other; all which he bore with patience rather
+      than sever the ribbons of his helmet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While this was going on there came up to the inn a sowgelder, who, as he
+      approached, sounded his reed pipe four or five times, and thereby
+      completely convinced Don Quixote that he was in some famous castle, and
+      that they were regaling him with music, and that the stockfish was trout,
+      the bread the whitest, the wenches ladies, and the landlord the castellan
+      of the castle; and consequently he held that his enterprise and sally had
+      been to some purpose. But still it distressed him to think he had not been
+      dubbed a knight, for it was plain to him he could not lawfully engage in
+      any adventure without receiving the order of knighthood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="e02.jpg (39K)" src="images/e02.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch3" id="ch3"></a>CHAPTER III.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHEREIN IS RELATED THE DROLL WAY IN WHICH DON QUIXOTE HAD HIMSELF DUBBED A
+      KNIGHT
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="p009" id="p009"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p009.jpg (164K)" src="images/p009.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p009.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Harassed by this reflection, he made haste with his scanty pothouse
+      supper, and having finished it called the landlord, and shutting himself
+      into the stable with him, fell on his knees before him, saying, "From this
+      spot I rise not, valiant knight, until your courtesy grants me the boon I
+      seek, one that will redound to your praise and the benefit of the human
+      race." The landlord, seeing his guest at his feet and hearing a speech of
+      this kind, stood staring at him in bewilderment, not knowing what to do or
+      say, and entreating him to rise, but all to no purpose until he had agreed
+      to grant the boon demanded of him. "I looked for no less, my lord, from
+      your High Magnificence," replied Don Quixote, "and I have to tell you that
+      the boon I have asked and your liberality has granted is that you shall
+      dub me knight to-morrow morning, and that to-night I shall watch my arms
+      in the chapel of this your castle; thus tomorrow, as I have said, will be
+      accomplished what I so much desire, enabling me lawfully to roam through
+      all the four quarters of the world seeking adventures on behalf of those
+      in distress, as is the duty of chivalry and of knights-errant like myself,
+      whose ambition is directed to such deeds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The landlord, who, as has been mentioned, was something of a wag, and had
+      already some suspicion of his guest's want of wits, was quite convinced of
+      it on hearing talk of this kind from him, and to make sport for the night
+      he determined to fall in with his humour. So he told him he was quite
+      right in pursuing the object he had in view, and that such a motive was
+      natural and becoming in cavaliers as distinguished as he seemed and his
+      gallant bearing showed him to be; and that he himself in his younger days
+      had followed the same honourable calling, roaming in quest of adventures
+      in various parts of the world, among others the Curing-grounds of Malaga,
+      the Isles of Riaran, the Precinct of Seville, the Little Market of
+      Segovia, the Olivera of Valencia, the Rondilla of Granada, the Strand of
+      San Lucar, the Colt of Cordova, the Taverns of Toledo, and divers other
+      quarters, where he had proved the nimbleness of his feet and the lightness
+      of his fingers, doing many wrongs, cheating many widows, ruining maids and
+      swindling minors, and, in short, bringing himself under the notice of
+      almost every tribunal and court of justice in Spain; until at last he had
+      retired to this castle of his, where he was living upon his property and
+      upon that of others; and where he received all knights-errant of whatever
+      rank or condition they might be, all for the great love he bore them and
+      that they might share their substance with him in return for his
+      benevolence. He told him, moreover, that in this castle of his there was
+      no chapel in which he could watch his armour, as it had been pulled down
+      in order to be rebuilt, but that in a case of necessity it might, he knew,
+      be watched anywhere, and he might watch it that night in a courtyard of
+      the castle, and in the morning, God willing, the requisite ceremonies
+      might be performed so as to have him dubbed a knight, and so thoroughly
+      dubbed that nobody could be more so. He asked if he had any money with
+      him, to which Don Quixote replied that he had not a farthing, as in the
+      histories of knights-errant he had never read of any of them carrying any.
+      On this point the landlord told him he was mistaken; for, though not
+      recorded in the histories, because in the author's opinion there was no
+      need to mention anything so obvious and necessary as money and clean
+      shirts, it was not to be supposed therefore that they did not carry them,
+      and he might regard it as certain and established that all knights-errant
+      (about whom there were so many full and unimpeachable books) carried
+      well-furnished purses in case of emergency, and likewise carried shirts
+      and a little box of ointment to cure the wounds they received. For in
+      those plains and deserts where they engaged in combat and came out
+      wounded, it was not always that there was some one to cure them, unless
+      indeed they had for a friend some sage magician to succour them at once by
+      fetching through the air upon a cloud some damsel or dwarf with a vial of
+      water of such virtue that by tasting one drop of it they were cured of
+      their hurts and wounds in an instant and left as sound as if they had not
+      received any damage whatever. But in case this should not occur, the
+      knights of old took care to see that their squires were provided with
+      money and other requisites, such as lint and ointments for healing
+      purposes; and when it happened that knights had no squires (which was
+      rarely and seldom the case) they themselves carried everything in cunning
+      saddle-bags that were hardly seen on the horse's croup, as if it were
+      something else of more importance, because, unless for some such reason,
+      carrying saddle-bags was not very favourably regarded among
+      knights-errant. He therefore advised him (and, as his godson so soon to
+      be, he might even command him) never from that time forth to travel
+      without money and the usual requirements, and he would find the advantage
+      of them when he least expected it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote promised to follow his advice scrupulously, and it was
+      arranged forthwith that he should watch his armour in a large yard at one
+      side of the inn; so, collecting it all together, Don Quixote placed it on
+      a trough that stood by the side of a well, and bracing his buckler on his
+      arm he grasped his lance and began with a stately air to march up and down
+      in front of the trough, and as he began his march night began to fall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The landlord told all the people who were in the inn about the craze of
+      his guest, the watching of the armour, and the dubbing ceremony he
+      contemplated. Full of wonder at so strange a form of madness, they flocked
+      to see it from a distance, and observed with what composure he sometimes
+      paced up and down, or sometimes, leaning on his lance, gazed on his armour
+      without taking his eyes off it for ever so long; and as the night closed
+      in with a light from the moon so brilliant that it might vie with his that
+      lent it, everything the novice knight did was plainly seen by all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile one of the carriers who were in the inn thought fit to water his
+      team, and it was necessary to remove Don Quixote's armour as it lay on the
+      trough; but he seeing the other approach hailed him in a loud voice, "O
+      thou, whoever thou art, rash knight that comest to lay hands on the armour
+      of the most valorous errant that ever girt on sword, have a care what thou
+      dost; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the penalty of
+      thy rashness." The carrier gave no heed to these words (and he would have
+      done better to heed them if he had been heedful of his health), but
+      seizing it by the straps flung the armour some distance from him. Seeing
+      this, Don Quixote raised his eyes to heaven, and fixing his thoughts,
+      apparently, upon his lady Dulcinea, exclaimed, "Aid me, lady mine, in this
+      the first encounter that presents itself to this breast which thou holdest
+      in subjection; let not thy favour and protection fail me in this first
+      jeopardy;" and, with these words and others to the same purpose, dropping
+      his buckler he lifted his lance with both hands and with it smote such a
+      blow on the carrier's head that he stretched him on the ground, so stunned
+      that had he followed it up with a second there would have been no need of
+      a surgeon to cure him. This done, he picked up his armour and returned to
+      his beat with the same serenity as before.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p010" id="p010"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p010.jpg (261K)" src="images/p010.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p010.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shortly after this, another, not knowing what had happened (for the
+      carrier still lay senseless), came with the same object of giving water to
+      his mules, and was proceeding to remove the armour in order to clear the
+      trough, when Don Quixote, without uttering a word or imploring aid from
+      anyone, once more dropped his buckler and once more lifted his lance, and
+      without actually breaking the second carrier's head into pieces, made more
+      than three of it, for he laid it open in four. At the noise all the people
+      of the inn ran to the spot, and among them the landlord. Seeing this, Don
+      Quixote braced his buckler on his arm, and with his hand on his sword
+      exclaimed, "O Lady of Beauty, strength and support of my faint heart, it
+      is time for thee to turn the eyes of thy greatness on this thy captive
+      knight on the brink of so mighty an adventure." By this he felt himself so
+      inspired that he would not have flinched if all the carriers in the world
+      had assailed him. The comrades of the wounded perceiving the plight they
+      were in began from a distance to shower stones on Don Quixote, who
+      screened himself as best he could with his buckler, not daring to quit the
+      trough and leave his armour unprotected. The landlord shouted to them to
+      leave him alone, for he had already told them that he was mad, and as a
+      madman he would not be accountable even if he killed them all. Still
+      louder shouted Don Quixote, calling them knaves and traitors, and the lord
+      of the castle, who allowed knights-errant to be treated in this fashion, a
+      villain and a low-born knight whom, had he received the order of
+      knighthood, he would call to account for his treachery. "But of you," he
+      cried, "base and vile rabble, I make no account; fling, strike, come on,
+      do all ye can against me, ye shall see what the reward of your folly and
+      insolence will be." This he uttered with so much spirit and boldness that
+      he filled his assailants with a terrible fear, and as much for this reason
+      as at the persuasion of the landlord they left off stoning him, and he
+      allowed them to carry off the wounded, and with the same calmness and
+      composure as before resumed the watch over his armour.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But these freaks of his guest were not much to the liking of the landlord,
+      so he determined to cut matters short and confer upon him at once the
+      unlucky order of knighthood before any further misadventure could occur;
+      so, going up to him, he apologised for the rudeness which, without his
+      knowledge, had been offered to him by these low people, who, however, had
+      been well punished for their audacity. As he had already told him, he
+      said, there was no chapel in the castle, nor was it needed for what
+      remained to be done, for, as he understood the ceremonial of the order,
+      the whole point of being dubbed a knight lay in the accolade and in the
+      slap on the shoulder, and that could be administered in the middle of a
+      field; and that he had now done all that was needful as to watching the
+      armour, for all requirements were satisfied by a watch of two hours only,
+      while he had been more than four about it. Don Quixote believed it all,
+      and told him he stood there ready to obey him, and to make an end of it
+      with as much despatch as possible; for, if he were again attacked, and
+      felt himself to be dubbed knight, he would not, he thought, leave a soul
+      alive in the castle, except such as out of respect he might spare at his
+      bidding.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus warned and menaced, the castellan forthwith brought out a book in
+      which he used to enter the straw and barley he served out to the carriers,
+      and, with a lad carrying a candle-end, and the two damsels already
+      mentioned, he returned to where Don Quixote stood, and bade him kneel
+      down. Then, reading from his account-book as if he were repeating some
+      devout prayer, in the middle of his delivery he raised his hand and gave
+      him a sturdy blow on the neck, and then, with his own sword, a smart slap
+      on the shoulder, all the while muttering between his teeth as if he was
+      saying his prayers. Having done this, he directed one of the ladies to
+      gird on his sword, which she did with great self-possession and gravity,
+      and not a little was required to prevent a burst of laughter at each stage
+      of the ceremony; but what they had already seen of the novice knight's
+      prowess kept their laughter within bounds. On girding him with the sword
+      the worthy lady said to him, "May God make your worship a very fortunate
+      knight, and grant you success in battle." Don Quixote asked her name in
+      order that he might from that time forward know to whom he was beholden
+      for the favour he had received, as he meant to confer upon her some
+      portion of the honour he acquired by the might of his arm. She answered
+      with great humility that she was called La Tolosa, and that she was the
+      daughter of a cobbler of Toledo who lived in the stalls of Sanchobienaya,
+      and that wherever she might be she would serve and esteem him as her lord.
+      Don Quixote said in reply that she would do him a favour if thenceforward
+      she assumed the "Don" and called herself Dona Tolosa. She promised she
+      would, and then the other buckled on his spur, and with her followed
+      almost the same conversation as with the lady of the sword. He asked her
+      name, and she said it was La Molinera, and that she was the daughter of a
+      respectable miller of Antequera; and of her likewise Don Quixote requested
+      that she would adopt the "Don" and call herself Dona Molinera, making
+      offers to her further services and favours.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having thus, with hot haste and speed, brought to a conclusion these
+      never-till-now-seen ceremonies, Don Quixote was on thorns until he saw
+      himself on horseback sallying forth in quest of adventures; and saddling
+      Rocinante at once he mounted, and embracing his host, as he returned
+      thanks for his kindness in knighting him, he addressed him in language so
+      extraordinary that it is impossible to convey an idea of it or report it.
+      The landlord, to get him out of the inn, replied with no less rhetoric
+      though with shorter words, and without calling upon him to pay the
+      reckoning let him go with a Godspeed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p017" id="p017"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p017.jpg (54K)" src="images/p017.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p017.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch4" id="ch4"></a>CHAPTER IV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR KNIGHT WHEN HE LEFT THE INN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="p018" id="p018"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p018.jpg (94K)" src="images/p018.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p018.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Day was dawning when Don Quixote quitted the inn, so happy, so gay, so
+      exhilarated at finding himself now dubbed a knight, that his joy was like
+      to burst his horse-girths. However, recalling the advice of his host as to
+      the requisites he ought to carry with him, especially that referring to
+      money and shirts, he determined to go home and provide himself with all,
+      and also with a squire, for he reckoned upon securing a farm-labourer, a
+      neighbour of his, a poor man with a family, but very well qualified for
+      the office of squire to a knight. With this object he turned his horse's
+      head towards his village, and Rocinante, thus reminded of his old
+      quarters, stepped out so briskly that he hardly seemed to tread the earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He had not gone far, when out of a thicket on his right there seemed to
+      come feeble cries as of some one in distress, and the instant he heard
+      them he exclaimed, "Thanks be to heaven for the favour it accords me, that
+      it so soon offers me an opportunity of fulfilling the obligation I have
+      undertaken, and gathering the fruit of my ambition. These cries, no doubt,
+      come from some man or woman in want of help, and needing my aid and
+      protection;" and wheeling, he turned Rocinante in the direction whence the
+      cries seemed to proceed. He had gone but a few paces into the wood, when
+      he saw a mare tied to an oak, and tied to another, and stripped from the
+      waist upwards, a youth of about fifteen years of age, from whom the cries
+      came. Nor were they without cause, for a lusty farmer was flogging him
+      with a belt and following up every blow with scoldings and commands,
+      repeating, "Your mouth shut and your eyes open!" while the youth made
+      answer, "I won't do it again, master mine; by God's passion I won't do it
+      again, and I'll take more care of the flock another time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing what was going on, Don Quixote said in an angry voice,
+      "Discourteous knight, it ill becomes you to assail one who cannot defend
+      himself; mount your steed and take your lance" (for there was a lance
+      leaning against the oak to which the mare was tied), "and I will make you
+      know that you are behaving as a coward." The farmer, seeing before him
+      this figure in full armour brandishing a lance over his head, gave himself
+      up for dead, and made answer meekly, "Sir Knight, this youth that I am
+      chastising is my servant, employed by me to watch a flock of sheep that I
+      have hard by, and he is so careless that I lose one every day, and when I
+      punish him for his carelessness and knavery he says I do it out of
+      niggardliness, to escape paying him the wages I owe him, and before God,
+      and on my soul, he lies."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Lies before me, base clown!" said Don Quixote. "By the sun that shines on
+      us I have a mind to run you through with this lance. Pay him at once
+      without another word; if not, by the God that rules us I will make an end
+      of you, and annihilate you on the spot; release him instantly."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p019" id="p019"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p019.jpg (339K)" src="images/p019.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p019.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The farmer hung his head, and without a word untied his servant, of whom
+      Don Quixote asked how much his master owed him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He replied, nine months at seven reals a month. Don Quixote added it up,
+      found that it came to sixty-three reals, and told the farmer to pay it
+      down immediately, if he did not want to die for it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The trembling clown replied that as he lived and by the oath he had sworn
+      (though he had not sworn any) it was not so much; for there were to be
+      taken into account and deducted three pairs of shoes he had given him, and
+      a real for two blood-lettings when he was sick.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that is very well," said Don Quixote; "but let the shoes and the
+      blood-lettings stand as a setoff against the blows you have given him
+      without any cause; for if he spoiled the leather of the shoes you paid
+      for, you have damaged that of his body, and if the barber took blood from
+      him when he was sick, you have drawn it when he was sound; so on that
+      score he owes you nothing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The difficulty is, Sir Knight, that I have no money here; let Andres come
+      home with me, and I will pay him all, real by real."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I go with him!" said the youth. "Nay, God forbid! No, senor, not for the
+      world; for once alone with me, he would ray me like a Saint Bartholomew."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He will do nothing of the kind," said Don Quixote; "I have only to
+      command, and he will obey me; and as he has sworn to me by the order of
+      knighthood which he has received, I leave him free, and I guarantee the
+      payment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Consider what you are saying, senor," said the youth; "this master of
+      mine is not a knight, nor has he received any order of knighthood; for he
+      is Juan Haldudo the Rich, of Quintanar."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That matters little," replied Don Quixote; "there may be Haldudos
+      knights; moreover, everyone is the son of his works."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Andres; "but this master of mine&mdash;of what works
+      is he the son, when he refuses me the wages of my sweat and labour?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not refuse, brother Andres," said the farmer, "be good enough to
+      come along with me, and I swear by all the orders of knighthood there are
+      in the world to pay you as I have agreed, real by real, and perfumed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the perfumery I excuse you," said Don Quixote; "give it to him in
+      reals, and I shall be satisfied; and see that you do as you have sworn; if
+      not, by the same oath I swear to come back and hunt you out and punish
+      you; and I shall find you though you should lie closer than a lizard. And
+      if you desire to know who it is lays this command upon you, that you be
+      more firmly bound to obey it, know that I am the valorous Don Quixote of
+      La Mancha, the undoer of wrongs and injustices; and so, God be with you,
+      and keep in mind what you have promised and sworn under those penalties
+      that have been already declared to you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So saying, he gave Rocinante the spur and was soon out of reach. The
+      farmer followed him with his eyes, and when he saw that he had cleared the
+      wood and was no longer in sight, he turned to his boy Andres, and said,
+      "Come here, my son, I want to pay you what I owe you, as that undoer of
+      wrongs has commanded me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My oath on it," said Andres, "your worship will be well advised to obey
+      the command of that good knight&mdash;may he live a thousand years&mdash;for,
+      as he is a valiant and just judge, by Roque, if you do not pay me, he will
+      come back and do as he said."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My oath on it, too," said the farmer; "but as I have a strong affection
+      for you, I want to add to the debt in order to add to the payment;" and
+      seizing him by the arm, he tied him up again, and gave him such a flogging
+      that he left him for dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Now, Master Andres," said the farmer, "call on the undoer of wrongs; you
+      will find he won't undo that, though I am not sure that I have quite done
+      with you, for I have a good mind to flay you alive." But at last he untied
+      him, and gave him leave to go look for his judge in order to put the
+      sentence pronounced into execution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Andres went off rather down in the mouth, swearing he would go to look for
+      the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha and tell him exactly what had
+      happened, and that all would have to be repaid him sevenfold; but for all
+      that, he went off weeping, while his master stood laughing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus did the valiant Don Quixote right that wrong, and, thoroughly
+      satisfied with what had taken place, as he considered he had made a very
+      happy and noble beginning with his knighthood, he took the road towards
+      his village in perfect self-content, saying in a low voice, "Well mayest
+      thou this day call thyself fortunate above all on earth, O Dulcinea del
+      Toboso, fairest of the fair! since it has fallen to thy lot to hold
+      subject and submissive to thy full will and pleasure a knight so renowned
+      as is and will be Don Quixote of La Mancha, who, as all the world knows,
+      yesterday received the order of knighthood, and hath to-day righted the
+      greatest wrong and grievance that ever injustice conceived and cruelty
+      perpetrated: who hath to-day plucked the rod from the hand of yonder
+      ruthless oppressor so wantonly lashing that tender child."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He now came to a road branching in four directions, and immediately he was
+      reminded of those cross-roads where knights-errant used to stop to
+      consider which road they should take. In imitation of them he halted for a
+      while, and after having deeply considered it, he gave Rocinante his head,
+      submitting his own will to that of his hack, who followed out his first
+      intention, which was to make straight for his own stable. After he had
+      gone about two miles Don Quixote perceived a large party of people, who,
+      as afterwards appeared, were some Toledo traders, on their way to buy silk
+      at Murcia. There were six of them coming along under their sunshades, with
+      four servants mounted, and three muleteers on foot. Scarcely had Don
+      Quixote descried them when the fancy possessed him that this must be some
+      new adventure; and to help him to imitate as far as he could those
+      passages he had read of in his books, here seemed to come one made on
+      purpose, which he resolved to attempt. So with a lofty bearing and
+      determination he fixed himself firmly in his stirrups, got his lance
+      ready, brought his buckler before his breast, and planting himself in the
+      middle of the road, stood waiting the approach of these knights-errant,
+      for such he now considered and held them to be; and when they had come
+      near enough to see and hear, he exclaimed with a haughty gesture, "All the
+      world stand, unless all the world confess that in all the world there is
+      no maiden fairer than the Empress of La Mancha, the peerless Dulcinea del
+      Toboso."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The traders halted at the sound of this language and the sight of the
+      strange figure that uttered it, and from both figure and language at once
+      guessed the craze of their owner; they wished, however, to learn quietly
+      what was the object of this confession that was demanded of them, and one
+      of them, who was rather fond of a joke and was very sharp-witted, said to
+      him, "Sir Knight, we do not know who this good lady is that you speak of;
+      show her to us, for, if she be of such beauty as you suggest, with all our
+      hearts and without any pressure we will confess the truth that is on your
+      part required of us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If I were to show her to you," replied Don Quixote, "what merit would you
+      have in confessing a truth so manifest? The essential point is that
+      without seeing her you must believe, confess, affirm, swear, and defend
+      it; else ye have to do with me in battle, ill-conditioned, arrogant rabble
+      that ye are; and come ye on, one by one as the order of knighthood
+      requires, or all together as is the custom and vile usage of your breed,
+      here do I bide and await you relying on the justice of the cause I
+      maintain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sir Knight," replied the trader, "I entreat your worship in the name of
+      this present company of princes, that, to save us from charging our
+      consciences with the confession of a thing we have never seen or heard of,
+      and one moreover so much to the prejudice of the Empresses and Queens of
+      the Alcarria and Estremadura, your worship will be pleased to show us some
+      portrait of this lady, though it be no bigger than a grain of wheat; for
+      by the thread one gets at the ball, and in this way we shall be satisfied
+      and easy, and you will be content and pleased; nay, I believe we are
+      already so far agreed with you that even though her portrait should show
+      her blind of one eye, and distilling vermilion and sulphur from the other,
+      we would nevertheless, to gratify your worship, say all in her favour that
+      you desire."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "She distils nothing of the kind, vile rabble," said Don Quixote, burning
+      with rage, "nothing of the kind, I say, only ambergris and civet in
+      cotton; nor is she one-eyed or humpbacked, but straighter than a
+      Guadarrama spindle: but ye must pay for the blasphemy ye have uttered
+      against beauty like that of my lady."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so saying, he charged with levelled lance against the one who had
+      spoken, with such fury and fierceness that, if luck had not contrived that
+      Rocinante should stumble midway and come down, it would have gone hard
+      with the rash trader. Down went Rocinante, and over went his master,
+      rolling along the ground for some distance; and when he tried to rise he
+      was unable, so encumbered was he with lance, buckler, spurs, helmet, and
+      the weight of his old armour; and all the while he was struggling to get
+      up he kept saying, "Fly not, cowards and caitiffs! stay, for not by my
+      fault, but my horse's, am I stretched here."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p020" id="p020"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p020.jpg (352K)" src="images/p020.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p020.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of the muleteers in attendance, who could not have had much good
+      nature in him, hearing the poor prostrate man blustering in this style,
+      was unable to refrain from giving him an answer on his ribs; and coming up
+      to him he seized his lance, and having broken it in pieces, with one of
+      them he began so to belabour our Don Quixote that, notwithstanding and in
+      spite of his armour, he milled him like a measure of wheat. His masters
+      called out not to lay on so hard and to leave him alone, but the muleteers
+      blood was up, and he did not care to drop the game until he had vented the
+      rest of his wrath, and gathering up the remaining fragments of the lance
+      he finished with a discharge upon the unhappy victim, who all through the
+      storm of sticks that rained on him never ceased threatening heaven, and
+      earth, and the brigands, for such they seemed to him. At last the muleteer
+      was tired, and the traders continued their journey, taking with them
+      matter for talk about the poor fellow who had been cudgelled. He when he
+      found himself alone made another effort to rise; but if he was unable when
+      whole and sound, how was he to rise after having been thrashed and
+      well-nigh knocked to pieces? And yet he esteemed himself fortunate, as it
+      seemed to him that this was a regular knight-errant's mishap, and
+      entirely, he considered, the fault of his horse. However, battered in body
+      as he was, to rise was beyond his power.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="e04" id="e04"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="e04.jpg (28K)" src="images/e04.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch5" id="ch5"></a>CHAPTER V.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH THE NARRATIVE OF OUR KNIGHT'S MISHAP IS CONTINUED
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="p022" id="p022"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p022.jpg (123K)" src="images/p022.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p022.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Finding, then, that, in fact he could not move, he thought himself of
+      having recourse to his usual remedy, which was to think of some passage in
+      his books, and his craze brought to his mind that about Baldwin and the
+      Marquis of Mantua, when Carloto left him wounded on the mountain side, a
+      story known by heart by the children, not forgotten by the young men, and
+      lauded and even believed by the old folk; and for all that not a whit
+      truer than the miracles of Mahomet. This seemed to him to fit exactly the
+      case in which he found himself, so, making a show of severe suffering, he
+      began to roll on the ground and with feeble breath repeat the very words
+      which the wounded knight of the wood is said to have uttered:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+Where art thou, lady mine, that thou
+  My sorrow dost not rue?
+Thou canst not know it, lady mine,
+  Or else thou art untrue.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      And so he went on with the ballad as far as the lines:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+O noble Marquis of Mantua,
+  My Uncle and liege lord!
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p026" id="p026"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p026.jpg (316K)" src="images/p026.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p026.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As chance would have it, when he had got to this line there happened to
+      come by a peasant from his own village, a neighbour of his, who had been
+      with a load of wheat to the mill, and he, seeing the man stretched there,
+      came up to him and asked him who he was and what was the matter with him
+      that he complained so dolefully.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was firmly persuaded that this was the Marquis of Mantua, his
+      uncle, so the only answer he made was to go on with his ballad, in which
+      he told the tale of his misfortune, and of the loves of the Emperor's son
+      and his wife all exactly as the ballad sings it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The peasant stood amazed at hearing such nonsense, and relieving him of
+      the visor, already battered to pieces by blows, he wiped his face, which
+      was covered with dust, and as soon as he had done so he recognised him and
+      said, "Senor Quixada" (for so he appears to have been called when he was
+      in his senses and had not yet changed from a quiet country gentleman into
+      a knight-errant), "who has brought your worship to this pass?" But to all
+      questions the other only went on with his ballad.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing this, the good man removed as well as he could his breastplate and
+      backpiece to see if he had any wound, but he could perceive no blood nor
+      any mark whatever. He then contrived to raise him from the ground, and
+      with no little difficulty hoisted him upon his ass, which seemed to him to
+      be the easiest mount for him; and collecting the arms, even to the
+      splinters of the lance, he tied them on Rocinante, and leading him by the
+      bridle and the ass by the halter he took the road for the village, very
+      sad to hear what absurd stuff Don Quixote was talking.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p029" id="p029"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p029.jpg (285K)" src="images/p029.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/p029.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nor was Don Quixote less so, for what with blows and bruises he could not
+      sit upright on the ass, and from time to time he sent up sighs to heaven,
+      so that once more he drove the peasant to ask what ailed him. And it could
+      have been only the devil himself that put into his head tales to match his
+      own adventures, for now, forgetting Baldwin, he bethought himself of the
+      Moor Abindarraez, when the Alcaide of Antequera, Rodrigo de Narvaez, took
+      him prisoner and carried him away to his castle; so that when the peasant
+      again asked him how he was and what ailed him, he gave him for reply the
+      same words and phrases that the captive Abindarraez gave to Rodrigo de
+      Narvaez, just as he had read the story in the "Diana" of Jorge de
+      Montemayor where it is written, applying it to his own case so aptly that
+      the peasant went along cursing his fate that he had to listen to such a
+      lot of nonsense; from which, however, he came to the conclusion that his
+      neighbour was mad, and so made all haste to reach the village to escape
+      the wearisomeness of this harangue of Don Quixote's; who, at the end of
+      it, said, "Senor Don Rodrigo de Narvaez, your worship must know that this
+      fair Xarifa I have mentioned is now the lovely Dulcinea del Toboso, for
+      whom I have done, am doing, and will do the most famous deeds of chivalry
+      that in this world have been seen, are to be seen, or ever shall be seen."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this the peasant answered, "Senor&mdash;sinner that I am!&mdash;cannot
+      your worship see that I am not Don Rodrigo de Narvaez nor the Marquis of
+      Mantua, but Pedro Alonso your neighbour, and that your worship is neither
+      Baldwin nor Abindarraez, but the worthy gentleman Senor Quixada?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I know who I am," replied Don Quixote, "and I know that I may be not only
+      those I have named, but all the Twelve Peers of France and even all the
+      Nine Worthies, since my achievements surpass all that they have done all
+      together and each of them on his own account."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this talk and more of the same kind they reached the village just as
+      night was beginning to fall, but the peasant waited until it was a little
+      later that the belaboured gentleman might not be seen riding in such a
+      miserable trim. When it was what seemed to him the proper time he entered
+      the village and went to Don Quixote's house, which he found all in
+      confusion, and there were the curate and the village barber, who were
+      great friends of Don Quixote, and his housekeeper was saying to them in a
+      loud voice, "What does your worship think can have befallen my master,
+      Senor Licentiate Pero Perez?" for so the curate was called; "it is three
+      days now since anything has been seen of him, or the hack, or the buckler,
+      lance, or armour. Miserable me! I am certain of it, and it is as true as
+      that I was born to die, that these accursed books of chivalry he has, and
+      has got into the way of reading so constantly, have upset his reason; for
+      now I remember having often heard him saying to himself that he would turn
+      knight-errant and go all over the world in quest of adventures. To the
+      devil and Barabbas with such books, that have brought to ruin in this way
+      the finest understanding there was in all La Mancha!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The niece said the same, and, more: "You must know, Master Nicholas"&mdash;for
+      that was the name of the barber&mdash;"it was often my uncle's way to stay
+      two days and nights together poring over these unholy books of
+      misventures, after which he would fling the book away and snatch up his
+      sword and fall to slashing the walls; and when he was tired out he would
+      say he had killed four giants like four towers; and the sweat that flowed
+      from him when he was weary he said was the blood of the wounds he had
+      received in battle; and then he would drink a great jug of cold water and
+      become calm and quiet, saying that this water was a most precious potion
+      which the sage Esquife, a great magician and friend of his, had brought
+      him. But I take all the blame upon myself for never having told your
+      worships of my uncle's vagaries, that you might put a stop to them before
+      things had come to this pass, and burn all these accursed books&mdash;for
+      he has a great number&mdash;that richly deserve to be burned like
+      heretics."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So say I too," said the curate, "and by my faith to-morrow shall not pass
+      without public judgment upon them, and may they be condemned to the flames
+      lest they lead those that read to behave as my good friend seems to have
+      behaved."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this the peasant heard, and from it he understood at last what was the
+      matter with his neighbour, so he began calling aloud, "Open, your
+      worships, to Senor Baldwin and to Senor the Marquis of Mantua, who comes
+      badly wounded, and to Senor Abindarraez, the Moor, whom the valiant
+      Rodrigo de Narvaez, the Alcaide of Antequera, brings captive."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At these words they all hurried out, and when they recognised their
+      friend, master, and uncle, who had not yet dismounted from the ass because
+      he could not, they ran to embrace him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Hold!" said he, "for I am badly wounded through my horse's fault; carry
+      me to bed, and if possible send for the wise Urganda to cure and see to my
+      wounds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "See there! plague on it!" cried the housekeeper at this: "did not my
+      heart tell the truth as to which foot my master went lame of? To bed with
+      your worship at once, and we will contrive to cure you here without
+      fetching that Hurgada. A curse I say once more, and a hundred times more,
+      on those books of chivalry that have brought your worship to such a pass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They carried him to bed at once, and after searching for his wounds could
+      find none, but he said they were all bruises from having had a severe fall
+      with his horse Rocinante when in combat with ten giants, the biggest and
+      the boldest to be found on earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So, so!" said the curate, "are there giants in the dance? By the sign of
+      the Cross I will burn them to-morrow before the day over."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They put a host of questions to Don Quixote, but his only answer to all
+      was&mdash;give him something to eat, and leave him to sleep, for that was
+      what he needed most. They did so, and the curate questioned the peasant at
+      great length as to how he had found Don Quixote. He told him, and the
+      nonsense he had talked when found and on the way home, all which made the
+      licentiate the more eager to do what he did the next day, which was to
+      summon his friend the barber, Master Nicholas, and go with him to Don
+      Quixote's house.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="p031" id="p031"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="p031.jpg (31K)" src="images/p031.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch6" id="ch6"></a>CHAPTER VI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE DIVERTING AND IMPORTANT SCRUTINY WHICH THE CURATE AND THE BARBER
+      MADE IN THE LIBRARY OF OUR INGENIOUS GENTLEMAN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c06a" id="c06a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c06a.jpg (92K)" src="images/c06a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c06a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was still sleeping; so the curate asked the niece for the keys of the
+      room where the books, the authors of all the mischief, were, and right
+      willingly she gave them. They all went in, the housekeeper with them, and
+      found more than a hundred volumes of big books very well bound, and some
+      other small ones. The moment the housekeeper saw them she turned about and
+      ran out of the room, and came back immediately with a saucer of holy water
+      and a sprinkler, saying, "Here, your worship, senor licentiate, sprinkle
+      this room; don't leave any magician of the many there are in these books
+      to bewitch us in revenge for our design of banishing them from the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The simplicity of the housekeeper made the licentiate laugh, and he
+      directed the barber to give him the books one by one to see what they were
+      about, as there might be some to be found among them that did not deserve
+      the penalty of fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No," said the niece, "there is no reason for showing mercy to any of
+      them; they have every one of them done mischief; better fling them out of
+      the window into the court and make a pile of them and set fire to them; or
+      else carry them into the yard, and there a bonfire can be made without the
+      smoke giving any annoyance." The housekeeper said the same, so eager were
+      they both for the slaughter of those innocents, but the curate would not
+      agree to it without first reading at any rate the titles.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The first that Master Nicholas put into his hand was "The four books of
+      Amadis of Gaul." "This seems a mysterious thing," said the curate, "for,
+      as I have heard say, this was the first book of chivalry printed in Spain,
+      and from this all the others derive their birth and origin; so it seems to
+      me that we ought inexorably to condemn it to the flames as the founder of
+      so vile a sect."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay, sir," said the barber, "I too, have heard say that this is the best
+      of all the books of this kind that have been written, and so, as something
+      singular in its line, it ought to be pardoned."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True," said the curate; "and for that reason let its life be spared for
+      the present. Let us see that other which is next to it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is," said the barber, "the 'Sergas de Esplandian,' the lawful son of
+      Amadis of Gaul."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then verily," said the curate, "the merit of the father must not be put
+      down to the account of the son. Take it, mistress housekeeper; open the
+      window and fling it into the yard and lay the foundation of the pile for
+      the bonfire we are to make."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The housekeeper obeyed with great satisfaction, and the worthy
+      "Esplandian" went flying into the yard to await with all patience the fire
+      that was in store for him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Proceed," said the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This that comes next," said the barber, "is 'Amadis of Greece,' and,
+      indeed, I believe all those on this side are of the same Amadis lineage."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then to the yard with the whole of them," said the curate; "for to have
+      the burning of Queen Pintiquiniestra, and the shepherd Darinel and his
+      eclogues, and the bedevilled and involved discourses of his author, I
+      would burn with them the father who begot me if he were going about in the
+      guise of a knight-errant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am of the same mind," said the barber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And so am I," added the niece.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said the housekeeper, "here, into the yard with them!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They were handed to her, and as there were many of them, she spared
+      herself the staircase, and flung them down out of the window.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who is that tub there?" said the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," said the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de Laura.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The author of that book," said the curate, "was the same that wrote 'The
+      Garden of Flowers,' and truly there is no deciding which of the two books
+      is the more truthful, or, to put it better, the less lying; all I can say
+      is, send this one into the yard for a swaggering fool."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hircania,'" said the barber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor Florismarte here?" said the curate; "then by my faith he must take
+      up his quarters in the yard, in spite of his marvellous birth and
+      visionary adventures, for the stiffness and dryness of his style deserve
+      nothing else; into the yard with him and the other, mistress housekeeper."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart, senor," said she, and executed the order with great
+      delight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," said the barber, "is The Knight Platir.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "An old book that," said the curate, "but I find no reason for clemency in
+      it; send it after the others without appeal;" which was done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Another book was opened, and they saw it was entitled, "The Knight of the
+      Cross."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the sake of the holy name this book has," said the curate, "its
+      ignorance might be excused; but then, they say, 'behind the cross there's
+      the devil; to the fire with it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Taking down another book, the barber said, "This is 'The Mirror of
+      Chivalry.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I know his worship," said the curate; "that is where Senor Reinaldos of
+      Montalvan figures with his friends and comrades, greater thieves than
+      Cacus, and the Twelve Peers of France with the veracious historian Turpin;
+      however, I am not for condemning them to more than perpetual banishment,
+      because, at any rate, they have some share in the invention of the famous
+      Matteo Boiardo, whence too the Christian poet Ludovico Ariosto wove his
+      web, to whom, if I find him here, and speaking any language but his own, I
+      shall show no respect whatever; but if he speaks his own tongue I will put
+      him upon my head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, I have him in Italian," said the barber, "but I do not understand
+      him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nor would it be well that you should understand him," said the curate,
+      "and on that score we might have excused the Captain if he had not brought
+      him into Spain and turned him into Castilian. He robbed him of a great
+      deal of his natural force, and so do all those who try to turn books
+      written in verse into another language, for, with all the pains they take
+      and all the cleverness they show, they never can reach the level of the
+      originals as they were first produced. In short, I say that this book, and
+      all that may be found treating of those French affairs, should be thrown
+      into or deposited in some dry well, until after more consideration it is
+      settled what is to be done with them; excepting always one 'Bernardo del
+      Carpio' that is going about, and another called 'Roncesvalles;' for these,
+      if they come into my hands, shall pass at once into those of the
+      housekeeper, and from hers into the fire without any reprieve."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To all this the barber gave his assent, and looked upon it as right and
+      proper, being persuaded that the curate was so staunch to the Faith and
+      loyal to the Truth that he would not for the world say anything opposed to
+      them. Opening another book he saw it was "Palmerin de Oliva," and beside
+      it was another called "Palmerin of England," seeing which the licentiate
+      said, "Let the Olive be made firewood of at once and burned until no ashes
+      even are left; and let that Palm of England be kept and preserved as a
+      thing that stands alone, and let such another case be made for it as that
+      which Alexander found among the spoils of Darius and set aside for the
+      safe keeping of the works of the poet Homer. This book, gossip, is of
+      authority for two reasons, first because it is very good, and secondly
+      because it is said to have been written by a wise and witty king of
+      Portugal. All the adventures at the Castle of Miraguarda are excellent and
+      of admirable contrivance, and the language is polished and clear, studying
+      and observing the style befitting the speaker with propriety and judgment.
+      So then, provided it seems good to you, Master Nicholas, I say let this
+      and 'Amadis of Gaul' be remitted the penalty of fire, and as for all the
+      rest, let them perish without further question or query."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay, gossip," said the barber, "for this that I have here is the famous
+      'Don Belianis.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well," said the curate, "that and the second, third, and fourth parts all
+      stand in need of a little rhubarb to purge their excess of bile, and they
+      must be cleared of all that stuff about the Castle of Fame and other
+      greater affectations, to which end let them be allowed the over-seas term,
+      and, according as they mend, so shall mercy or justice be meted out to
+      them; and in the mean time, gossip, do you keep them in your house and let
+      no one read them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said the barber; and not caring to tire himself with
+      reading more books of chivalry, he told the housekeeper to take all the
+      big ones and throw them into the yard. It was not said to one dull or
+      deaf, but to one who enjoyed burning them more than weaving the broadest
+      and finest web that could be; and seizing about eight at a time, she flung
+      them out of the window.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In carrying so many together she let one fall at the feet of the barber,
+      who took it up, curious to know whose it was, and found it said, "History
+      of the Famous Knight, Tirante el Blanco."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God bless me!" said the curate with a shout, "'Tirante el Blanco' here!
+      Hand it over, gossip, for in it I reckon I have found a treasury of
+      enjoyment and a mine of recreation. Here is Don Kyrieleison of Montalvan,
+      a valiant knight, and his brother Thomas of Montalvan, and the knight
+      Fonseca, with the battle the bold Tirante fought with the mastiff, and the
+      witticisms of the damsel Placerdemivida, and the loves and wiles of the
+      widow Reposada, and the empress in love with the squire Hipolito&mdash;in
+      truth, gossip, by right of its style it is the best book in the world.
+      Here knights eat and sleep, and die in their beds, and make their wills
+      before dying, and a great deal more of which there is nothing in all the
+      other books. Nevertheless, I say he who wrote it, for deliberately
+      composing such fooleries, deserves to be sent to the galleys for life.
+      Take it home with you and read it, and you will see that what I have said
+      is true."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As you will," said the barber; "but what are we to do with these little
+      books that are left?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "These must be, not chivalry, but poetry," said the curate; and opening
+      one he saw it was the "Diana" of Jorge de Montemayor, and, supposing all
+      the others to be of the same sort, "these," he said, "do not deserve to be
+      burned like the others, for they neither do nor can do the mischief the
+      books of chivalry have done, being books of entertainment that can hurt no
+      one."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, senor!" said the niece, "your worship had better order these to be
+      burned as well as the others; for it would be no wonder if, after being
+      cured of his chivalry disorder, my uncle, by reading these, took a fancy
+      to turn shepherd and range the woods and fields singing and piping; or,
+      what would be still worse, to turn poet, which they say is an incurable
+      and infectious malady."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The damsel is right," said the curate, "and it will be well to put this
+      stumbling-block and temptation out of our friend's way. To begin, then,
+      with the 'Diana' of Montemayor. I am of opinion it should not be burned,
+      but that it should be cleared of all that about the sage Felicia and the
+      magic water, and of almost all the longer pieces of verse: let it keep,
+      and welcome, its prose and the honour of being the first of books of the
+      kind."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This that comes next," said the barber, "is the 'Diana,' entitled the
+      'Second Part, by the Salamancan,' and this other has the same title, and
+      its author is Gil Polo."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As for that of the Salamancan," replied the curate, "let it go to swell
+      the number of the condemned in the yard, and let Gil Polo's be preserved
+      as if it came from Apollo himself: but get on, gossip, and make haste, for
+      it is growing late."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This book," said the barber, opening another, "is the ten books of the
+      'Fortune of Love,' written by Antonio de Lofraso, a Sardinian poet."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By the orders I have received," said the curate, "since Apollo has been
+      Apollo, and the Muses have been Muses, and poets have been poets, so droll
+      and absurd a book as this has never been written, and in its way it is the
+      best and the most singular of all of this species that have as yet
+      appeared, and he who has not read it may be sure he has never read what is
+      delightful. Give it here, gossip, for I make more account of having found
+      it than if they had given me a cassock of Florence stuff."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He put it aside with extreme satisfaction, and the barber went on, "These
+      that come next are 'The Shepherd of Iberia,' 'Nymphs of Henares,' and 'The
+      Enlightenment of Jealousy.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then all we have to do," said the curate, "is to hand them over to the
+      secular arm of the housekeeper, and ask me not why, or we shall never have
+      done."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This next is the 'Pastor de Filida.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No Pastor that," said the curate, "but a highly polished courtier; let it
+      be preserved as a precious jewel."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This large one here," said the barber, "is called 'The Treasury of
+      various Poems.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If there were not so many of them," said the curate, "they would be more
+      relished: this book must be weeded and cleansed of certain vulgarities
+      which it has with its excellences; let it be preserved because the author
+      is a friend of mine, and out of respect for other more heroic and loftier
+      works that he has written."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," continued the barber, "is the 'Cancionero' of Lopez de Maldonado."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The author of that book, too," said the curate, "is a great friend of
+      mine, and his verses from his own mouth are the admiration of all who hear
+      them, for such is the sweetness of his voice that he enchants when he
+      chants them: it gives rather too much of its eclogues, but what is good
+      was never yet plentiful: let it be kept with those that have been set
+      apart. But what book is that next it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said the barber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That Cervantes has been for many years a great friend of mine, and to my
+      knowledge he has had more experience in reverses than in verses. His book
+      has some good invention in it, it presents us with something but brings
+      nothing to a conclusion: we must wait for the Second Part it promises:
+      perhaps with amendment it may succeed in winning the full measure of grace
+      that is now denied it; and in the mean time do you, senor gossip, keep it
+      shut up in your own quarters."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Very good," said the barber; "and here come three together, the
+      'Araucana' of Don Alonso de Ercilla, the 'Austriada' of Juan Rufo, Justice
+      of Cordova, and the 'Montserrate' of Christobal de Virues, the Valencian
+      poet."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "These three books," said the curate, "are the best that have been written
+      in Castilian in heroic verse, and they may compare with the most famous of
+      Italy; let them be preserved as the richest treasures of poetry that Spain
+      possesses."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate was tired and would not look into any more books, and so he
+      decided that, "contents uncertified," all the rest should be burned; but
+      just then the barber held open one, called "The Tears of Angelica."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I should have shed tears myself," said the curate when he heard the
+      title, "had I ordered that book to be burned, for its author was one of
+      the famous poets of the world, not to say of Spain, and was very happy in
+      the translation of some of Ovid's fables."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c06e" id="c06e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c06e.jpg (30K)" src="images/c06e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch7" id="ch7"></a>CHAPTER VII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE SECOND SALLY OF OUR WORTHY KNIGHT DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c07a" id="c07a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c07a.jpg (151K)" src="images/c07a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c07a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this instant Don Quixote began shouting out, "Here, here, valiant
+      knights! here is need for you to put forth the might of your strong arms,
+      for they of the Court are gaining the mastery in the tourney!" Called away
+      by this noise and outcry, they proceeded no farther with the scrutiny of
+      the remaining books, and so it is thought that "The Carolea," "The Lion of
+      Spain," and "The Deeds of the Emperor," written by Don Luis de Avila, went
+      to the fire unseen and unheard; for no doubt they were among those that
+      remained, and perhaps if the curate had seen them they would not have
+      undergone so severe a sentence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When they reached Don Quixote he was already out of bed, and was still
+      shouting and raving, and slashing and cutting all round, as wide awake as
+      if he had never slept.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They closed with him and by force got him back to bed, and when he had
+      become a little calm, addressing the curate, he said to him, "Of a truth,
+      Senor Archbishop Turpin, it is a great disgrace for us who call ourselves
+      the Twelve Peers, so carelessly to allow the knights of the Court to gain
+      the victory in this tourney, we the adventurers having carried off the
+      honour on the three former days."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Hush, gossip," said the curate; "please God, the luck may turn, and what
+      is lost to-day may be won to-morrow; for the present let your worship have
+      a care of your health, for it seems to me that you are over-fatigued, if
+      not badly wounded."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Wounded no," said Don Quixote, "but bruised and battered no doubt, for
+      that bastard Don Roland has cudgelled me with the trunk of an oak tree,
+      and all for envy, because he sees that I alone rival him in his
+      achievements. But I should not call myself Reinaldos of Montalvan did he
+      not pay me for it in spite of all his enchantments as soon as I rise from
+      this bed. For the present let them bring me something to eat, for that, I
+      feel, is what will be more to my purpose, and leave it to me to avenge
+      myself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They did as he wished; they gave him something to eat, and once more he
+      fell asleep, leaving them marvelling at his madness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That night the housekeeper burned to ashes all the books that were in the
+      yard and in the whole house; and some must have been consumed that
+      deserved preservation in everlasting archives, but their fate and the
+      laziness of the examiner did not permit it, and so in them was verified
+      the proverb that the innocent suffer for the guilty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of the remedies which the curate and the barber immediately applied to
+      their friend's disorder was to wall up and plaster the room where the
+      books were, so that when he got up he should not find them (possibly the
+      cause being removed the effect might cease), and they might say that a
+      magician had carried them off, room and all; and this was done with all
+      despatch. Two days later Don Quixote got up, and the first thing he did
+      was to go and look at his books, and not finding the room where he had
+      left it, he wandered from side to side looking for it. He came to the
+      place where the door used to be, and tried it with his hands, and turned
+      and twisted his eyes in every direction without saying a word; but after a
+      good while he asked his housekeeper whereabouts was the room that held his
+      books.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The housekeeper, who had been already well instructed in what she was to
+      answer, said, "What room or what nothing is it that your worship is
+      looking for? There are neither room nor books in this house now, for the
+      devil himself has carried all away."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was not the devil," said the niece, "but a magician who came on a
+      cloud one night after the day your worship left this, and dismounting from
+      a serpent that he rode he entered the room, and what he did there I know
+      not, but after a little while he made off, flying through the roof, and
+      left the house full of smoke; and when we went to see what he had done we
+      saw neither book nor room: but we remember very well, the housekeeper and
+      I, that on leaving, the old villain said in a loud voice that, for a
+      private grudge he owed the owner of the books and the room, he had done
+      mischief in that house that would be discovered by-and-by: he said too
+      that his name was the Sage Munaton."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He must have said Friston," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know whether he called himself Friston or Friton," said the
+      housekeeper, "I only know that his name ended with 'ton.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it does," said Don Quixote, "and he is a sage magician, a great enemy
+      of mine, who has a spite against me because he knows by his arts and lore
+      that in process of time I am to engage in single combat with a knight whom
+      he befriends and that I am to conquer, and he will be unable to prevent
+      it; and for this reason he endeavours to do me all the ill turns that he
+      can; but I promise him it will be hard for him to oppose or avoid what is
+      decreed by Heaven."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who doubts that?" said the niece; "but, uncle, who mixes you up in these
+      quarrels? Would it not be better to remain at peace in your own house
+      instead of roaming the world looking for better bread than ever came of
+      wheat, never reflecting that many go for wool and come back shorn?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Oh, niece of mine," replied Don Quixote, "how much astray art thou in thy
+      reckoning: ere they shear me I shall have plucked away and stripped off
+      the beards of all who dare to touch only the tip of a hair of mine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The two were unwilling to make any further answer, as they saw that his
+      anger was kindling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In short, then, he remained at home fifteen days very quietly without
+      showing any signs of a desire to take up with his former delusions, and
+      during this time he held lively discussions with his two gossips, the
+      curate and the barber, on the point he maintained, that knights-errant
+      were what the world stood most in need of, and that in him was to be
+      accomplished the revival of knight-errantry. The curate sometimes
+      contradicted him, sometimes agreed with him, for if he had not observed
+      this precaution he would have been unable to bring him to reason.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile Don Quixote worked upon a farm labourer, a neighbour of his, an
+      honest man (if indeed that title can be given to him who is poor), but
+      with very little wit in his pate. In a word, he so talked him over, and
+      with such persuasions and promises, that the poor clown made up his mind
+      to sally forth with him and serve him as esquire. Don Quixote, among other
+      things, told him he ought to be ready to go with him gladly, because any
+      moment an adventure might occur that might win an island in the twinkling
+      of an eye and leave him governor of it. On these and the like promises
+      Sancho Panza (for so the labourer was called) left wife and children, and
+      engaged himself as esquire to his neighbour.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c07b" id="c07b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c07b.jpg (322K)" src="images/c07b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c07b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote next set about getting some money; and selling one thing and
+      pawning another, and making a bad bargain in every case, he got together a
+      fair sum. He provided himself with a buckler, which he begged as a loan
+      from a friend, and, restoring his battered helmet as best he could, he
+      warned his squire Sancho of the day and hour he meant to set out, that he
+      might provide himself with what he thought most needful. Above all, he
+      charged him to take alforjas with him. The other said he would, and that
+      he meant to take also a very good ass he had, as he was not much given to
+      going on foot. About the ass, Don Quixote hesitated a little, trying
+      whether he could call to mind any knight-errant taking with him an esquire
+      mounted on ass-back, but no instance occurred to his memory. For all that,
+      however, he determined to take him, intending to furnish him with a more
+      honourable mount when a chance of it presented itself, by appropriating
+      the horse of the first discourteous knight he encountered. Himself he
+      provided with shirts and such other things as he could, according to the
+      advice the host had given him; all which being done, without taking leave,
+      Sancho Panza of his wife and children, or Don Quixote of his housekeeper
+      and niece, they sallied forth unseen by anybody from the village one
+      night, and made such good way in the course of it that by daylight they
+      held themselves safe from discovery, even should search be made for them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho rode on his ass like a patriarch, with his alforjas and bota, and
+      longing to see himself soon governor of the island his master had promised
+      him. Don Quixote decided upon taking the same route and road he had taken
+      on his first journey, that over the Campo de Montiel, which he travelled
+      with less discomfort than on the last occasion, for, as it was early
+      morning and the rays of the sun fell on them obliquely, the heat did not
+      distress them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now said Sancho Panza to his master, "Your worship will take care,
+      Senor Knight-errant, not to forget about the island you have promised me,
+      for be it ever so big I'll be equal to governing it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote replied, "Thou must know, friend Sancho Panza, that
+      it was a practice very much in vogue with the knights-errant of old to
+      make their squires governors of the islands or kingdoms they won, and I am
+      determined that there shall be no failure on my part in so liberal a
+      custom; on the contrary, I mean to improve upon it, for they sometimes,
+      and perhaps most frequently, waited until their squires were old, and then
+      when they had had enough of service and hard days and worse nights, they
+      gave them some title or other, of count, or at the most marquis, of some
+      valley or province more or less; but if thou livest and I live, it may
+      well be that before six days are over, I may have won some kingdom that
+      has others dependent upon it, which will be just the thing to enable thee
+      to be crowned king of one of them. Nor needst thou count this wonderful,
+      for things and chances fall to the lot of such knights in ways so
+      unexampled and unexpected that I might easily give thee even more than I
+      promise thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said Sancho Panza, "if I should become a king by one of
+      those miracles your worship speaks of, even Juana Gutierrez, my old woman,
+      would come to be queen and my children infantes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, who doubts it?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "because for my part I am persuaded
+      that though God should shower down kingdoms upon earth, not one of them
+      would fit the head of Mari Gutierrez. Let me tell you, senor, she is not
+      worth two maravedis for a queen; countess will fit her better, and that
+      only with God's help."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Leave it to God, Sancho," returned Don Quixote, "for he will give her
+      what suits her best; but do not undervalue thyself so much as to come to
+      be content with anything less than being governor of a province."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will not, senor," answered Sancho, "specially as I have a man of such
+      quality for a master in your worship, who will know how to give me all
+      that will be suitable for me and that I can bear."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c07e" id="c07e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c07e.jpg (70K)" src="images/c07e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch8" id="ch8"></a>CHAPTER VIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE GOOD FORTUNE WHICH THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE HAD IN THE TERRIBLE AND
+      UNDREAMT-OF ADVENTURE OF THE WINDMILLS, WITH OTHER OCCURRENCES WORTHY TO
+      BE FITLY RECORDED
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c08a" id="c08a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c08a.jpg (142K)" src="images/c08a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c08a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this point they came in sight of thirty forty windmills that there are
+      on plain, and as soon as Don Quixote saw them he said to his squire,
+      "Fortune is arranging matters for us better than we could have shaped our
+      desires ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza, where thirty or
+      more monstrous giants present themselves, all of whom I mean to engage in
+      battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall begin to make our
+      fortunes; for this is righteous warfare, and it is God's good service to
+      sweep so evil a breed from off the face of the earth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What giants?" said Sancho Panza.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Those thou seest there," answered his master, "with the long arms, and
+      some have them nearly two leagues long."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Look, your worship," said Sancho; "what we see there are not giants but
+      windmills, and what seem to be their arms are the sails that turned by the
+      wind make the millstone go."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is easy to see," replied Don Quixote, "that thou art not used to this
+      business of adventures; those are giants; and if thou art afraid, away
+      with thee out of this and betake thyself to prayer while I engage them in
+      fierce and unequal combat."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So saying, he gave the spur to his steed Rocinante, heedless of the cries
+      his squire Sancho sent after him, warning him that most certainly they
+      were windmills and not giants he was going to attack. He, however, was so
+      positive they were giants that he neither heard the cries of Sancho, nor
+      perceived, near as he was, what they were, but made at them shouting, "Fly
+      not, cowards and vile beings, for a single knight attacks you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A slight breeze at this moment sprang up, and the great sails began to
+      move, seeing which Don Quixote exclaimed, "Though ye flourish more arms
+      than the giant Briareus, ye have to reckon with me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So saying, and commending himself with all his heart to his lady Dulcinea,
+      imploring her to support him in such a peril, with lance in rest and
+      covered by his buckler, he charged at Rocinante's fullest gallop and fell
+      upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as he drove his
+      lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it round with such force that
+      it shivered the lance to pieces, sweeping with it horse and rider, who
+      went rolling over on the plain, in a sorry condition. Sancho hastened to
+      his assistance as fast as his ass could go, and when he came up found him
+      unable to move, with such a shock had Rocinante fallen with him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c08b" id="c08b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c08b.jpg (358K)" src="images/c08b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c08b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God bless me!" said Sancho, "did I not tell your worship to mind what you
+      were about, for they were only windmills? and no one could have made any
+      mistake about it but one who had something of the same kind in his head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Hush, friend Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "the fortunes of war more than
+      any other are liable to frequent fluctuations; and moreover I think, and
+      it is the truth, that that same sage Friston who carried off my study and
+      books, has turned these giants into mills in order to rob me of the glory
+      of vanquishing them, such is the enmity he bears me; but in the end his
+      wicked arts will avail but little against my good sword."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c08c" id="c08c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c08c.jpg (301K)" src="images/c08c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c08c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God order it as he may," said Sancho Panza, and helping him to rise got
+      him up again on Rocinante, whose shoulder was half out; and then,
+      discussing the late adventure, they followed the road to Puerto Lapice,
+      for there, said Don Quixote, they could not fail to find adventures in
+      abundance and variety, as it was a great thoroughfare. For all that, he
+      was much grieved at the loss of his lance, and saying so to his squire, he
+      added, "I remember having read how a Spanish knight, Diego Perez de Vargas
+      by name, having broken his sword in battle, tore from an oak a ponderous
+      bough or branch, and with it did such things that day, and pounded so many
+      Moors, that he got the surname of Machuca, and he and his descendants from
+      that day forth were called Vargas y Machuca. I mention this because from
+      the first oak I see I mean to rend such another branch, large and stout
+      like that, with which I am determined and resolved to do such deeds that
+      thou mayest deem thyself very fortunate in being found worthy to come and
+      see them, and be an eyewitness of things that will with difficulty be
+      believed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be that as God will," said Sancho, "I believe it all as your worship says
+      it; but straighten yourself a little, for you seem all on one side, may be
+      from the shaking of the fall."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the truth," said Don Quixote, "and if I make no complaint of the
+      pain it is because knights-errant are not permitted to complain of any
+      wound, even though their bowels be coming out through it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If so," said Sancho, "I have nothing to say; but God knows I would rather
+      your worship complained when anything ailed you. For my part, I confess I
+      must complain however small the ache may be; unless this rule about not
+      complaining extends to the squires of knights-errant also."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote could not help laughing at his squire's simplicity, and he
+      assured him he might complain whenever and however he chose, just as he
+      liked, for, so far, he had never read of anything to the contrary in the
+      order of knighthood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho bade him remember it was dinner-time, to which his master answered
+      that he wanted nothing himself just then, but that he might eat when he
+      had a mind. With this permission Sancho settled himself as comfortably as
+      he could on his beast, and taking out of the alforjas what he had stowed
+      away in them, he jogged along behind his master munching deliberately, and
+      from time to time taking a pull at the bota with a relish that the
+      thirstiest tapster in Malaga might have envied; and while he went on in
+      this way, gulping down draught after draught, he never gave a thought to
+      any of the promises his master had made him, nor did he rate it as
+      hardship but rather as recreation going in quest of adventures, however
+      dangerous they might be. Finally they passed the night among some trees,
+      from one of which Don Quixote plucked a dry branch to serve him after a
+      fashion as a lance, and fixed on it the head he had removed from the
+      broken one. All that night Don Quixote lay awake thinking of his lady
+      Dulcinea, in order to conform to what he had read in his books, how many a
+      night in the forests and deserts knights used to lie sleepless supported
+      by the memory of their mistresses. Not so did Sancho Panza spend it, for
+      having his stomach full of something stronger than chicory water he made
+      but one sleep of it, and, if his master had not called him, neither the
+      rays of the sun beating on his face nor all the cheery notes of the birds
+      welcoming the approach of day would have had power to waken him. On
+      getting up he tried the bota and found it somewhat less full than the
+      night before, which grieved his heart because they did not seem to be on
+      the way to remedy the deficiency readily. Don Quixote did not care to
+      break his fast, for, as has been already said, he confined himself to
+      savoury recollections for nourishment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They returned to the road they had set out with, leading to Puerto Lapice,
+      and at three in the afternoon they came in sight of it. "Here, brother
+      Sancho Panza," said Don Quixote when he saw it, "we may plunge our hands
+      up to the elbows in what they call adventures; but observe, even shouldst
+      thou see me in the greatest danger in the world, thou must not put a hand
+      to thy sword in my defence, unless indeed thou perceivest that those who
+      assail me are rabble or base folk; for in that case thou mayest very
+      properly aid me; but if they be knights it is on no account permitted or
+      allowed thee by the laws of knighthood to help me until thou hast been
+      dubbed a knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Most certainly, senor," replied Sancho, "your worship shall be fully
+      obeyed in this matter; all the more as of myself I am peaceful and no
+      friend to mixing in strife and quarrels: it is true that as regards the
+      defence of my own person I shall not give much heed to those laws, for
+      laws human and divine allow each one to defend himself against any
+      assailant whatever."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I grant," said Don Quixote, "but in this matter of aiding me against
+      knights thou must put a restraint upon thy natural impetuosity."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will do so, I promise you," answered Sancho, "and will keep this
+      precept as carefully as Sunday."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While they were thus talking there appeared on the road two friars of the
+      order of St. Benedict, mounted on two dromedaries, for not less tall were
+      the two mules they rode on. They wore travelling spectacles and carried
+      sunshades; and behind them came a coach attended by four or five persons
+      on horseback and two muleteers on foot. In the coach there was, as
+      afterwards appeared, a Biscay lady on her way to Seville, where her
+      husband was about to take passage for the Indies with an appointment of
+      high honour. The friars, though going the same road, were not in her
+      company; but the moment Don Quixote perceived them he said to his squire,
+      "Either I am mistaken, or this is going to be the most famous adventure
+      that has ever been seen, for those black bodies we see there must be, and
+      doubtless are, magicians who are carrying off some stolen princess in that
+      coach, and with all my might I must undo this wrong."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This will be worse than the windmills," said Sancho. "Look, senor; those
+      are friars of St. Benedict, and the coach plainly belongs to some
+      travellers: I tell you to mind well what you are about and don't let the
+      devil mislead you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have told thee already, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "that on the
+      subject of adventures thou knowest little. What I say is the truth, as
+      thou shalt see presently."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So saying, he advanced and posted himself in the middle of the road along
+      which the friars were coming, and as soon as he thought they had come near
+      enough to hear what he said, he cried aloud, "Devilish and unnatural
+      beings, release instantly the highborn princesses whom you are carrying
+      off by force in this coach, else prepare to meet a speedy death as the
+      just punishment of your evil deeds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The friars drew rein and stood wondering at the appearance of Don Quixote
+      as well as at his words, to which they replied, "Senor Caballero, we are
+      not devilish or unnatural, but two brothers of St. Benedict following our
+      road, nor do we know whether or not there are any captive princesses
+      coming in this coach."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No soft words with me, for I know you, lying rabble," said Don Quixote,
+      and without waiting for a reply he spurred Rocinante and with levelled
+      lance charged the first friar with such fury and determination, that, if
+      the friar had not flung himself off the mule, he would have brought him to
+      the ground against his will, and sore wounded, if not killed outright. The
+      second brother, seeing how his comrade was treated, drove his heels into
+      his castle of a mule and made off across the country faster than the wind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho Panza, when he saw the friar on the ground, dismounting briskly
+      from his ass, rushed towards him and began to strip off his gown. At that
+      instant the friars muleteers came up and asked what he was stripping him
+      for. Sancho answered them that this fell to him lawfully as spoil of the
+      battle which his lord Don Quixote had won. The muleteers, who had no idea
+      of a joke and did not understand all this about battles and spoils, seeing
+      that Don Quixote was some distance off talking to the travellers in the
+      coach, fell upon Sancho, knocked him down, and leaving hardly a hair in
+      his beard, belaboured him with kicks and left him stretched breathless and
+      senseless on the ground; and without any more delay helped the friar to
+      mount, who, trembling, terrified, and pale, as soon as he found himself in
+      the saddle, spurred after his companion, who was standing at a distance
+      looking on, watching the result of the onslaught; then, not caring to wait
+      for the end of the affair just begun, they pursued their journey making
+      more crosses than if they had the devil after them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was, as has been said, speaking to the lady in the coach:
+      "Your beauty, lady mine," said he, "may now dispose of your person as may
+      be most in accordance with your pleasure, for the pride of your ravishers
+      lies prostrate on the ground through this strong arm of mine; and lest you
+      should be pining to know the name of your deliverer, know that I am called
+      Don Quixote of La Mancha, knight-errant and adventurer, and captive to the
+      peerless and beautiful lady Dulcinea del Toboso: and in return for the
+      service you have received of me I ask no more than that you should return
+      to El Toboso, and on my behalf present yourself before that lady and tell
+      her what I have done to set you free."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of the squires in attendance upon the coach, a Biscayan, was listening
+      to all Don Quixote was saying, and, perceiving that he would not allow the
+      coach to go on, but was saying it must return at once to El Toboso, he
+      made at him, and seizing his lance addressed him in bad Castilian and
+      worse Biscayan after his fashion, "Begone, caballero, and ill go with
+      thee; by the God that made me, unless thou quittest coach, slayest thee as
+      art here a Biscayan."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote understood him quite well, and answered him very quietly, "If
+      thou wert a knight, as thou art none, I should have already chastised thy
+      folly and rashness, miserable creature." To which the Biscayan returned,
+      "I no gentleman!&mdash;I swear to God thou liest as I am Christian: if
+      thou droppest lance and drawest sword, soon shalt thou see thou art
+      carrying water to the cat: Biscayan on land, hidalgo at sea, hidalgo at
+      the devil, and look, if thou sayest otherwise thou liest."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'"You will see presently," said Agrajes,'" replied Don Quixote; and
+      throwing his lance on the ground he drew his sword, braced his buckler on
+      his arm, and attacked the Biscayan, bent upon taking his life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Biscayan, when he saw him coming on, though he wished to dismount from
+      his mule, in which, being one of those sorry ones let out for hire, he had
+      no confidence, had no choice but to draw his sword; it was lucky for him,
+      however, that he was near the coach, from which he was able to snatch a
+      cushion that served him for a shield; and they went at one another as if
+      they had been two mortal enemies. The others strove to make peace between
+      them, but could not, for the Biscayan declared in his disjointed phrase
+      that if they did not let him finish his battle he would kill his mistress
+      and everyone that strove to prevent him. The lady in the coach, amazed and
+      terrified at what she saw, ordered the coachman to draw aside a little,
+      and set herself to watch this severe struggle, in the course of which the
+      Biscayan smote Don Quixote a mighty stroke on the shoulder over the top of
+      his buckler, which, given to one without armour, would have cleft him to
+      the waist. Don Quixote, feeling the weight of this prodigious blow, cried
+      aloud, saying, "O lady of my soul, Dulcinea, flower of beauty, come to the
+      aid of this your knight, who, in fulfilling his obligations to your
+      beauty, finds himself in this extreme peril." To say this, to lift his
+      sword, to shelter himself well behind his buckler, and to assail the
+      Biscayan was the work of an instant, determined as he was to venture all
+      upon a single blow. The Biscayan, seeing him come on in this way, was
+      convinced of his courage by his spirited bearing, and resolved to follow
+      his example, so he waited for him keeping well under cover of his cushion,
+      being unable to execute any sort of manoeuvre with his mule, which, dead
+      tired and never meant for this kind of game, could not stir a step.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On, then, as aforesaid, came Don Quixote against the wary Biscayan, with
+      uplifted sword and a firm intention of splitting him in half, while on his
+      side the Biscayan waited for him sword in hand, and under the protection
+      of his cushion; and all present stood trembling, waiting in suspense the
+      result of blows such as threatened to fall, and the lady in the coach and
+      the rest of her following were making a thousand vows and offerings to all
+      the images and shrines of Spain, that God might deliver her squire and all
+      of them from this great peril in which they found themselves. But it
+      spoils all, that at this point and crisis the author of the history leaves
+      this battle impending, giving as excuse that he could find nothing more
+      written about these achievements of Don Quixote than what has been already
+      set forth. It is true the second author of this work was unwilling to
+      believe that a history so curious could have been allowed to fall under
+      the sentence of oblivion, or that the wits of La Mancha could have been so
+      undiscerning as not to preserve in their archives or registries some
+      documents referring to this famous knight; and this being his persuasion,
+      he did not despair of finding the conclusion of this pleasant history,
+      which, heaven favouring him, he did find in a way that shall be related in
+      the Second Part.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c08e" id="c08e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c08e.jpg (54K)" src="images/c08e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch9" id="ch9"></a>CHAPTER IX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS CONCLUDED AND FINISHED THE TERRIFIC BATTLE BETWEEN THE GALLANT
+      BISCAYAN AND THE VALIANT MANCHEGAN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c09a" id="c09a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c09a.jpg (142K)" src="images/c09a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c09a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the First Part of this history we left the valiant Biscayan and the
+      renowned Don Quixote with drawn swords uplifted, ready to deliver two such
+      furious slashing blows that if they had fallen full and fair they would at
+      least have split and cleft them asunder from top to toe and laid them open
+      like a pomegranate; and at this so critical point the delightful history
+      came to a stop and stood cut short without any intimation from the author
+      where what was missing was to be found.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This distressed me greatly, because the pleasure derived from having read
+      such a small portion turned to vexation at the thought of the poor chance
+      that presented itself of finding the large part that, so it seemed to me,
+      was missing of such an interesting tale. It appeared to me to be a thing
+      impossible and contrary to all precedent that so good a knight should have
+      been without some sage to undertake the task of writing his marvellous
+      achievements; a thing that was never wanting to any of those
+      knights-errant who, they say, went after adventures; for every one of them
+      had one or two sages as if made on purpose, who not only recorded their
+      deeds but described their most trifling thoughts and follies, however
+      secret they might be; and such a good knight could not have been so
+      unfortunate as not to have what Platir and others like him had in
+      abundance. And so I could not bring myself to believe that such a gallant
+      tale had been left maimed and mutilated, and I laid the blame on Time, the
+      devourer and destroyer of all things, that had either concealed or
+      consumed it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the other hand, it struck me that, inasmuch as among his books there
+      had been found such modern ones as "The Enlightenment of Jealousy" and the
+      "Nymphs and Shepherds of Henares," his story must likewise be modern, and
+      that though it might not be written, it might exist in the memory of the
+      people of his village and of those in the neighbourhood. This reflection
+      kept me perplexed and longing to know really and truly the whole life and
+      wondrous deeds of our famous Spaniard, Don Quixote of La Mancha, light and
+      mirror of Manchegan chivalry, and the first that in our age and in these
+      so evil days devoted himself to the labour and exercise of the arms of
+      knight-errantry, righting wrongs, succouring widows, and protecting
+      damsels of that sort that used to ride about, whip in hand, on their
+      palfreys, with all their virginity about them, from mountain to mountain
+      and valley to valley&mdash;for, if it were not for some ruffian, or boor
+      with a hood and hatchet, or monstrous giant, that forced them, there were
+      in days of yore damsels that at the end of eighty years, in all which time
+      they had never slept a day under a roof, went to their graves as much
+      maids as the mothers that bore them. I say, then, that in these and other
+      respects our gallant Don Quixote is worthy of everlasting and notable
+      praise, nor should it be withheld even from me for the labour and pains
+      spent in searching for the conclusion of this delightful history; though I
+      know well that if Heaven, chance and good fortune had not helped me, the
+      world would have remained deprived of an entertainment and pleasure that
+      for a couple of hours or so may well occupy him who shall read it
+      attentively. The discovery of it occurred in this way.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One day, as I was in the Alcana of Toledo, a boy came up to sell some
+      pamphlets and old papers to a silk mercer, and, as I am fond of reading
+      even the very scraps of paper in the streets, led by this natural bent of
+      mine I took up one of the pamphlets the boy had for sale, and saw that it
+      was in characters which I recognised as Arabic, and as I was unable to
+      read them though I could recognise them, I looked about to see if there
+      were any Spanish-speaking Morisco at hand to read them for me; nor was
+      there any great difficulty in finding such an interpreter, for even had I
+      sought one for an older and better language I should have found him. In
+      short, chance provided me with one, who when I told him what I wanted and
+      put the book into his hands, opened it in the middle and after reading a
+      little in it began to laugh. I asked him what he was laughing at, and he
+      replied that it was at something the book had written in the margin by way
+      of a note. I bade him tell it to me; and he still laughing said, "In the
+      margin, as I told you, this is written: 'This Dulcinea del Toboso so often
+      mentioned in this history, had, they say, the best hand of any woman in
+      all La Mancha for salting pigs.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When I heard Dulcinea del Toboso named, I was struck with surprise and
+      amazement, for it occurred to me at once that these pamphlets contained
+      the history of Don Quixote. With this idea I pressed him to read the
+      beginning, and doing so, turning the Arabic offhand into Castilian, he
+      told me it meant, "History of Don Quixote of La Mancha, written by Cid
+      Hamete Benengeli, an Arab historian." It required great caution to hide
+      the joy I felt when the title of the book reached my ears, and snatching
+      it from the silk mercer, I bought all the papers and pamphlets from the
+      boy for half a real; and if he had had his wits about him and had known
+      how eager I was for them, he might have safely calculated on making more
+      than six reals by the bargain. I withdrew at once with the Morisco into
+      the cloister of the cathedral, and begged him to turn all these pamphlets
+      that related to Don Quixote into the Castilian tongue, without omitting or
+      adding anything to them, offering him whatever payment he pleased. He was
+      satisfied with two arrobas of raisins and two bushels of wheat, and
+      promised to translate them faithfully and with all despatch; but to make
+      the matter easier, and not to let such a precious find out of my hands, I
+      took him to my house, where in little more than a month and a half he
+      translated the whole just as it is set down here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the first pamphlet the battle between Don Quixote and the Biscayan was
+      drawn to the very life, they planted in the same attitude as the history
+      describes, their swords raised, and the one protected by his buckler, the
+      other by his cushion, and the Biscayan's mule so true to nature that it
+      could be seen to be a hired one a bowshot off. The Biscayan had an
+      inscription under his feet which said, "Don Sancho de Azpeitia," which no
+      doubt must have been his name; and at the feet of Rocinante was another
+      that said, "Don Quixote." Rocinante was marvellously portrayed, so long
+      and thin, so lank and lean, with so much backbone and so far gone in
+      consumption, that he showed plainly with what judgment and propriety the
+      name of Rocinante had been bestowed upon him. Near him was Sancho Panza
+      holding the halter of his ass, at whose feet was another label that said,
+      "Sancho Zancas," and according to the picture, he must have had a big
+      belly, a short body, and long shanks, for which reason, no doubt, the
+      names of Panza and Zancas were given him, for by these two surnames the
+      history several times calls him. Some other trifling particulars might be
+      mentioned, but they are all of slight importance and have nothing to do
+      with the true relation of the history; and no history can be bad so long
+      as it is true.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If against the present one any objection be raised on the score of its
+      truth, it can only be that its author was an Arab, as lying is a very
+      common propensity with those of that nation; though, as they are such
+      enemies of ours, it is conceivable that there were omissions rather than
+      additions made in the course of it. And this is my own opinion; for, where
+      he could and should give freedom to his pen in praise of so worthy a
+      knight, he seems to me deliberately to pass it over in silence; which is
+      ill done and worse contrived, for it is the business and duty of
+      historians to be exact, truthful, and wholly free from passion, and
+      neither interest nor fear, hatred nor love, should make them swerve from
+      the path of truth, whose mother is history, rival of time, storehouse of
+      deeds, witness for the past, example and counsel for the present, and
+      warning for the future. In this I know will be found all that can be
+      desired in the pleasantest, and if it be wanting in any good quality, I
+      maintain it is the fault of its hound of an author and not the fault of
+      the subject. To be brief, its Second Part, according to the translation,
+      began in this way:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With trenchant swords upraised and poised on high, it seemed as though the
+      two valiant and wrathful combatants stood threatening heaven, and earth,
+      and hell, with such resolution and determination did they bear themselves.
+      The fiery Biscayan was the first to strike a blow, which was delivered
+      with such force and fury that had not the sword turned in its course, that
+      single stroke would have sufficed to put an end to the bitter struggle and
+      to all the adventures of our knight; but that good fortune which reserved
+      him for greater things, turned aside the sword of his adversary, so that
+      although it smote him upon the left shoulder, it did him no more harm than
+      to strip all that side of its armour, carrying away a great part of his
+      helmet with half of his ear, all which with fearful ruin fell to the
+      ground, leaving him in a sorry plight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Good God! Who is there that could properly describe the rage that filled
+      the heart of our Manchegan when he saw himself dealt with in this fashion?
+      All that can be said is, it was such that he again raised himself in his
+      stirrups, and, grasping his sword more firmly with both hands, he came
+      down on the Biscayan with such fury, smiting him full over the cushion and
+      over the head, that&mdash;even so good a shield proving useless&mdash;as
+      if a mountain had fallen on him, he began to bleed from nose, mouth, and
+      ears, reeling as if about to fall backwards from his mule, as no doubt he
+      would have done had he not flung his arms about its neck; at the same
+      time, however, he slipped his feet out of the stirrups and then unclasped
+      his arms, and the mule, taking fright at the terrible blow, made off
+      across the plain, and with a few plunges flung its master to the ground.
+      Don Quixote stood looking on very calmly, and, when he saw him fall,
+      leaped from his horse and with great briskness ran to him, and, presenting
+      the point of his sword to his eyes, bade him surrender, or he would cut
+      his head off. The Biscayan was so bewildered that he was unable to answer
+      a word, and it would have gone hard with him, so blind was Don Quixote,
+      had not the ladies in the coach, who had hitherto been watching the combat
+      in great terror, hastened to where he stood and implored him with earnest
+      entreaties to grant them the great grace and favour of sparing their
+      squire's life; to which Don Quixote replied with much gravity and dignity,
+      "In truth, fair ladies, I am well content to do what ye ask of me; but it
+      must be on one condition and understanding, which is that this knight
+      promise me to go to the village of El Toboso, and on my behalf present
+      himself before the peerless lady Dulcinea, that she deal with him as shall
+      be most pleasing to her."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The terrified and disconsolate ladies, without discussing Don Quixote's
+      demand or asking who Dulcinea might be, promised that their squire should
+      do all that had been commanded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then, on the faith of that promise," said Don Quixote, "I shall do him no
+      further harm, though he well deserves it of me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c09e" id="c09e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c09e.jpg (61K)" src="images/c09e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c09e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch10" id="ch10"></a>CHAPTER X.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE PLEASANT DISCOURSE THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND HIS SQUIRE
+      SANCHO PANZA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c10a" id="c10a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c10a.jpg (91K)" src="images/c10a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c10a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now by this time Sancho had risen, rather the worse for the handling of
+      the friars' muleteers, and stood watching the battle of his master, Don
+      Quixote, and praying to God in his heart that it might be his will to
+      grant him the victory, and that he might thereby win some island to make
+      him governor of, as he had promised. Seeing, therefore, that the struggle
+      was now over, and that his master was returning to mount Rocinante, he
+      approached to hold the stirrup for him, and, before he could mount, he
+      went on his knees before him, and taking his hand, kissed it saying, "May
+      it please your worship, Senor Don Quixote, to give me the government of
+      that island which has been won in this hard fight, for be it ever so big I
+      feel myself in sufficient force to be able to govern it as much and as
+      well as anyone in the world who has ever governed islands."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote replied, "Thou must take notice, brother Sancho, that
+      this adventure and those like it are not adventures of islands, but of
+      cross-roads, in which nothing is got except a broken head or an ear the
+      less: have patience, for adventures will present themselves from which I
+      may make you, not only a governor, but something more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho gave him many thanks, and again kissing his hand and the skirt of
+      his hauberk, helped him to mount Rocinante, and mounting his ass himself,
+      proceeded to follow his master, who at a brisk pace, without taking leave,
+      or saying anything further to the ladies belonging to the coach, turned
+      into a wood that was hard by. Sancho followed him at his ass's best trot,
+      but Rocinante stepped out so that, seeing himself left behind, he was
+      forced to call to his master to wait for him. Don Quixote did so, reining
+      in Rocinante until his weary squire came up, who on reaching him said, "It
+      seems to me, senor, it would be prudent in us to go and take refuge in
+      some church, for, seeing how mauled he with whom you fought has been left,
+      it will be no wonder if they give information of the affair to the Holy
+      Brotherhood and arrest us, and, faith, if they do, before we come out of
+      gaol we shall have to sweat for it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Peace," said Don Quixote; "where hast thou ever seen or heard that a
+      knight-errant has been arraigned before a court of justice, however many
+      homicides he may have committed?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I know nothing about omecils," answered Sancho, "nor in my life have had
+      anything to do with one; I only know that the Holy Brotherhood looks after
+      those who fight in the fields, and in that other matter I do not meddle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then thou needst have no uneasiness, my friend," said Don Quixote, "for I
+      will deliver thee out of the hands of the Chaldeans, much more out of
+      those of the Brotherhood. But tell me, as thou livest, hast thou seen a
+      more valiant knight than I in all the known world; hast thou read in
+      history of any who has or had higher mettle in attack, more spirit in
+      maintaining it, more dexterity in wounding or skill in overthrowing?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The truth is," answered Sancho, "that I have never read any history, for
+      I can neither read nor write, but what I will venture to bet is that a
+      more daring master than your worship I have never served in all the days
+      of my life, and God grant that this daring be not paid for where I have
+      said; what I beg of your worship is to dress your wound, for a great deal
+      of blood flows from that ear, and I have here some lint and a little white
+      ointment in the alforjas."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that might be well dispensed with," said Don Quixote, "if I had
+      remembered to make a vial of the balsam of Fierabras, for time and
+      medicine are saved by one single drop."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What vial and what balsam is that?" said Sancho Panza.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is a balsam," answered Don Quixote, "the receipt of which I have in my
+      memory, with which one need have no fear of death, or dread dying of any
+      wound; and so when I make it and give it to thee thou hast nothing to do
+      when in some battle thou seest they have cut me in half through the middle
+      of the body&mdash;as is wont to happen frequently&mdash;but neatly and
+      with great nicety, ere the blood congeal, to place that portion of the
+      body which shall have fallen to the ground upon the other half which
+      remains in the saddle, taking care to fit it on evenly and exactly. Then
+      thou shalt give me to drink but two drops of the balsam I have mentioned,
+      and thou shalt see me become sounder than an apple."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If that be so," said Panza, "I renounce henceforth the government of the
+      promised island, and desire nothing more in payment of my many and
+      faithful services than that your worship give me the receipt of this
+      supreme liquor, for I am persuaded it will be worth more than two reals an
+      ounce anywhere, and I want no more to pass the rest of my life in ease and
+      honour; but it remains to be told if it costs much to make it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With less than three reals, six quarts of it may be made," said Don
+      Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sinner that I am!" said Sancho, "then why does your worship put off
+      making it and teaching it to me?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Peace, friend," answered Don Quixote; "greater secrets I mean to teach
+      thee and greater favours to bestow upon thee; and for the present let us
+      see to the dressing, for my ear pains me more than I could wish."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho took out some lint and ointment from the alforjas; but when Don
+      Quixote came to see his helmet shattered, he was like to lose his senses,
+      and clapping his hand upon his sword and raising his eyes to heaven, he
+      said, "I swear by the Creator of all things and the four Gospels in their
+      fullest extent, to do as the great Marquis of Mantua did when he swore to
+      avenge the death of his nephew Baldwin (and that was not to eat bread from
+      a table-cloth, nor embrace his wife, and other points which, though I
+      cannot now call them to mind, I here grant as expressed) until I take
+      complete vengeance upon him who has committed such an offence against me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hearing this, Sancho said to him, "Your worship should bear in mind, Senor
+      Don Quixote, that if the knight has done what was commanded him in going
+      to present himself before my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, he will have done
+      all that he was bound to do, and does not deserve further punishment
+      unless he commits some new offence."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou hast said well and hit the point," answered Don Quixote; and so I
+      recall the oath in so far as relates to taking fresh vengeance on him, but
+      I make and confirm it anew to lead the life I have said until such time as
+      I take by force from some knight another helmet such as this and as good;
+      and think not, Sancho, that I am raising smoke with straw in doing so, for
+      I have one to imitate in the matter, since the very same thing to a hair
+      happened in the case of Mambrino's helmet, which cost Sacripante so dear."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor," replied Sancho, "let your worship send all such oaths to the
+      devil, for they are very pernicious to salvation and prejudicial to the
+      conscience; just tell me now, if for several days to come we fall in with
+      no man armed with a helmet, what are we to do? Is the oath to be observed
+      in spite of all the inconvenience and discomfort it will be to sleep in
+      your clothes, and not to sleep in a house, and a thousand other
+      mortifications contained in the oath of that old fool the Marquis of
+      Mantua, which your worship is now wanting to revive? Let your worship
+      observe that there are no men in armour travelling on any of these roads,
+      nothing but carriers and carters, who not only do not wear helmets, but
+      perhaps never heard tell of them all their lives."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art wrong there," said Don Quixote, "for we shall not have been
+      above two hours among these cross-roads before we see more men in armour
+      than came to Albraca to win the fair Angelica."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Enough," said Sancho; "so be it then, and God grant us success, and that
+      the time for winning that island which is costing me so dear may soon
+      come, and then let me die."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have already told thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "not to give thyself
+      any uneasiness on that score; for if an island should fail, there is the
+      kingdom of Denmark, or of Sobradisa, which will fit thee as a ring fits
+      the finger, and all the more that, being on terra firma, thou wilt all the
+      better enjoy thyself. But let us leave that to its own time; see if thou
+      hast anything for us to eat in those alforjas, because we must presently
+      go in quest of some castle where we may lodge to-night and make the balsam
+      I told thee of, for I swear to thee by God, this ear is giving me great
+      pain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have here an onion and a little cheese and a few scraps of bread," said
+      Sancho, "but they are not victuals fit for a valiant knight like your
+      worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How little thou knowest about it," answered Don Quixote; "I would have
+      thee to know, Sancho, that it is the glory of knights-errant to go without
+      eating for a month, and even when they do eat, that it should be of what
+      comes first to hand; and this would have been clear to thee hadst thou
+      read as many histories as I have, for, though they are very many, among
+      them all I have found no mention made of knights-errant eating, unless by
+      accident or at some sumptuous banquets prepared for them, and the rest of
+      the time they passed in dalliance. And though it is plain they could not
+      do without eating and performing all the other natural functions, because,
+      in fact, they were men like ourselves, it is plain too that, wandering as
+      they did the most part of their lives through woods and wilds and without
+      a cook, their most usual fare would be rustic viands such as those thou
+      now offer me; so that, friend Sancho, let not that distress thee which
+      pleases me, and do not seek to make a new world or pervert
+      knight-errantry."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Pardon me, your worship," said Sancho, "for, as I cannot read or write,
+      as I said just now, I neither know nor comprehend the rules of the
+      profession of chivalry: henceforward I will stock the alforjas with every
+      kind of dry fruit for your worship, as you are a knight; and for myself,
+      as I am not one, I will furnish them with poultry and other things more
+      substantial."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not say, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "that it is imperative on
+      knights-errant not to eat anything else but the fruits thou speakest of;
+      only that their more usual diet must be those, and certain herbs they
+      found in the fields which they knew and I know too."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A good thing it is," answered Sancho, "to know those herbs, for to my
+      thinking it will be needful some day to put that knowledge into practice."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And here taking out what he said he had brought, the pair made their
+      repast peaceably and sociably. But anxious to find quarters for the night,
+      they with all despatch made an end of their poor dry fare, mounted at
+      once, and made haste to reach some habitation before night set in; but
+      daylight and the hope of succeeding in their object failed them close by
+      the huts of some goatherds, so they determined to pass the night there,
+      and it was as much to Sancho's discontent not to have reached a house, as
+      it was to his master's satisfaction to sleep under the open heaven, for he
+      fancied that each time this happened to him he performed an act of
+      ownership that helped to prove his chivalry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c10e" id="c10e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c10e.jpg (57K)" src="images/c10e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch11" id="ch11"></a>CHAPTER XI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE WITH CERTAIN GOATHERDS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c11a" id="c11a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c11a.jpg (173K)" src="images/c11a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c11a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was cordially welcomed by the goatherds, and Sancho, having as best he
+      could put up Rocinante and the ass, drew towards the fragrance that came
+      from some pieces of salted goat simmering in a pot on the fire; and though
+      he would have liked at once to try if they were ready to be transferred
+      from the pot to the stomach, he refrained from doing so as the goatherds
+      removed them from the fire, and laying sheepskins on the ground, quickly
+      spread their rude table, and with signs of hearty good-will invited them
+      both to share what they had. Round the skins six of the men belonging to
+      the fold seated themselves, having first with rough politeness pressed Don
+      Quixote to take a seat upon a trough which they placed for him upside
+      down. Don Quixote seated himself, and Sancho remained standing to serve
+      the cup, which was made of horn. Seeing him standing, his master said to
+      him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That thou mayest see, Sancho, the good that knight-errantry contains in
+      itself, and how those who fill any office in it are on the high road to be
+      speedily honoured and esteemed by the world, I desire that thou seat
+      thyself here at my side and in the company of these worthy people, and
+      that thou be one with me who am thy master and natural lord, and that thou
+      eat from my plate and drink from whatever I drink from; for the same may
+      be said of knight-errantry as of love, that it levels all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Great thanks," said Sancho, "but I may tell your worship that provided I
+      have enough to eat, I can eat it as well, or better, standing, and by
+      myself, than seated alongside of an emperor. And indeed, if the truth is
+      to be told, what I eat in my corner without form or fuss has much more
+      relish for me, even though it be bread and onions, than the turkeys of
+      those other tables where I am forced to chew slowly, drink little, wipe my
+      mouth every minute, and cannot sneeze or cough if I want or do other
+      things that are the privileges of liberty and solitude. So, senor, as for
+      these honours which your worship would put upon me as a servant and
+      follower of knight-errantry, exchange them for other things which may be
+      of more use and advantage to me; for these, though I fully acknowledge
+      them as received, I renounce from this moment to the end of the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that," said Don Quixote, "thou must seat thyself, because him who
+      humbleth himself God exalteth;" and seizing him by the arm he forced him
+      to sit down beside himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherds did not understand this jargon about squires and
+      knights-errant, and all they did was to eat in silence and stare at their
+      guests, who with great elegance and appetite were stowing away pieces as
+      big as one's fist. The course of meat finished, they spread upon the
+      sheepskins a great heap of parched acorns, and with them they put down a
+      half cheese harder than if it had been made of mortar. All this while the
+      horn was not idle, for it went round so constantly, now full, now empty,
+      like the bucket of a water-wheel, that it soon drained one of the two
+      wine-skins that were in sight. When Don Quixote had quite appeased his
+      appetite he took up a handful of the acorns, and contemplating them
+      attentively delivered himself somewhat in this fashion:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Happy the age, happy the time, to which the ancients gave the name of
+      golden, not because in that fortunate age the gold so coveted in this our
+      iron one was gained without toil, but because they that lived in it knew
+      not the two words "mine" and "thine"! In that blessed age all things were
+      in common; to win the daily food no labour was required of any save to
+      stretch forth his hand and gather it from the sturdy oaks that stood
+      generously inviting him with their sweet ripe fruit. The clear streams and
+      running brooks yielded their savoury limpid waters in noble abundance. The
+      busy and sagacious bees fixed their republic in the clefts of the rocks
+      and hollows of the trees, offering without usance the plenteous produce of
+      their fragrant toil to every hand. The mighty cork trees, unenforced save
+      of their own courtesy, shed the broad light bark that served at first to
+      roof the houses supported by rude stakes, a protection against the
+      inclemency of heaven alone. Then all was peace, all friendship, all
+      concord; as yet the dull share of the crooked plough had not dared to rend
+      and pierce the tender bowels of our first mother that without compulsion
+      yielded from every portion of her broad fertile bosom all that could
+      satisfy, sustain, and delight the children that then possessed her. Then
+      was it that the innocent and fair young shepherdess roamed from vale to
+      vale and hill to hill, with flowing locks, and no more garments than were
+      needful modestly to cover what modesty seeks and ever sought to hide. Nor
+      were their ornaments like those in use to-day, set off by Tyrian purple,
+      and silk tortured in endless fashions, but the wreathed leaves of the
+      green dock and ivy, wherewith they went as bravely and becomingly decked
+      as our Court dames with all the rare and far-fetched artifices that idle
+      curiosity has taught them. Then the love-thoughts of the heart clothed
+      themselves simply and naturally as the heart conceived them, nor sought to
+      commend themselves by forced and rambling verbiage. Fraud, deceit, or
+      malice had then not yet mingled with truth and sincerity. Justice held her
+      ground, undisturbed and unassailed by the efforts of favour and of
+      interest, that now so much impair, pervert, and beset her. Arbitrary law
+      had not yet established itself in the mind of the judge, for then there
+      was no cause to judge and no one to be judged. Maidens and modesty, as I
+      have said, wandered at will alone and unattended, without fear of insult
+      from lawlessness or libertine assault, and if they were undone it was of
+      their own will and pleasure. But now in this hateful age of ours not one
+      is safe, not though some new labyrinth like that of Crete conceal and
+      surround her; even there the pestilence of gallantry will make its way to
+      them through chinks or on the air by the zeal of its accursed importunity,
+      and, despite of all seclusion, lead them to ruin. In defence of these, as
+      time advanced and wickedness increased, the order of knights-errant was
+      instituted, to defend maidens, to protect widows and to succour the
+      orphans and the needy. To this order I belong, brother goatherds, to whom
+      I return thanks for the hospitality and kindly welcome ye offer me and my
+      squire; for though by natural law all living are bound to show favour to
+      knights-errant, yet, seeing that without knowing this obligation ye have
+      welcomed and feasted me, it is right that with all the good-will in my
+      power I should thank you for yours."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c11b" id="c11b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c11b.jpg (349K)" src="images/c11b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c11b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this long harangue (which might very well have been spared) our knight
+      delivered because the acorns they gave him reminded him of the golden age;
+      and the whim seized him to address all this unnecessary argument to the
+      goatherds, who listened to him gaping in amazement without saying a word
+      in reply. Sancho likewise held his peace and ate acorns, and paid repeated
+      visits to the second wine-skin, which they had hung up on a cork tree to
+      keep the wine cool.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was longer in talking than the supper in finishing, at the end
+      of which one of the goatherds said, "That your worship, senor
+      knight-errant, may say with more truth that we show you hospitality with
+      ready good-will, we will give you amusement and pleasure by making one of
+      our comrades sing: he will be here before long, and he is a very
+      intelligent youth and deep in love, and what is more he can read and write
+      and play on the rebeck to perfection."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd had hardly done speaking, when the notes of the rebeck
+      reached their ears; and shortly after, the player came up, a very
+      good-looking young man of about two-and-twenty. His comrades asked him if
+      he had supped, and on his replying that he had, he who had already made
+      the offer said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case, Antonio, thou mayest as well do us the pleasure of singing
+      a little, that the gentleman, our guest, may see that even in the
+      mountains and woods there are musicians: we have told him of thy
+      accomplishments, and we want thee to show them and prove that we say true;
+      so, as thou livest, pray sit down and sing that ballad about thy love that
+      thy uncle the prebendary made thee, and that was so much liked in the
+      town."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said the young man, and without waiting for more
+      pressing he seated himself on the trunk of a felled oak, and tuning his
+      rebeck, presently began to sing to these words.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+       ANTONIO'S BALLAD
+
+Thou dost love me well, Olalla;
+  Well I know it, even though
+Love's mute tongues, thine eyes, have never
+  By their glances told me so.
+
+For I know my love thou knowest,
+  Therefore thine to claim I dare:
+Once it ceases to be secret,
+  Love need never feel despair.
+
+True it is, Olalla, sometimes
+  Thou hast all too plainly shown
+That thy heart is brass in hardness,
+  And thy snowy bosom stone.
+
+Yet for all that, in thy coyness,
+  And thy fickle fits between,
+Hope is there&mdash;at least the border
+  Of her garment may be seen.
+
+Lures to faith are they, those glimpses,
+  And to faith in thee I hold;
+Kindness cannot make it stronger,
+  Coldness cannot make it cold.
+
+If it be that love is gentle,
+  In thy gentleness I see
+Something holding out assurance
+  To the hope of winning thee.
+
+If it be that in devotion
+  Lies a power hearts to move,
+That which every day I show thee,
+  Helpful to my suit should prove.
+
+Many a time thou must have noticed&mdash;
+  If to notice thou dost care&mdash;
+How I go about on Monday
+  Dressed in all my Sunday wear.
+
+Love's eyes love to look on brightness;
+  Love loves what is gaily drest;
+Sunday, Monday, all I care is
+  Thou shouldst see me in my best.
+
+No account I make of dances,
+  Or of strains that pleased thee so,
+Keeping thee awake from midnight
+  Till the cocks began to crow;
+
+Or of how I roundly swore it
+  That there's none so fair as thou;
+True it is, but as I said it,
+  By the girls I'm hated now.
+
+For Teresa of the hillside
+  At my praise of thee was sore;
+Said, "You think you love an angel;
+  It's a monkey you adore;
+
+"Caught by all her glittering trinkets,
+  And her borrowed braids of hair,
+And a host of made-up beauties
+  That would Love himself ensnare."
+
+'T was a lie, and so I told her,
+  And her cousin at the word
+Gave me his defiance for it;
+  And what followed thou hast heard.
+
+Mine is no high-flown affection,
+  Mine no passion par amours&mdash;
+As they call it&mdash;what I offer
+  Is an honest love, and pure.
+
+Cunning cords the holy Church has,
+  Cords of softest silk they be;
+Put thy neck beneath the yoke, dear;
+  Mine will follow, thou wilt see.
+
+Else&mdash;and once for all I swear it
+  By the saint of most renown&mdash;
+If I ever quit the mountains,
+  'T will be in a friar's gown.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Here the goatherd brought his song to an end, and though Don Quixote
+      entreated him to sing more, Sancho had no mind that way, being more
+      inclined for sleep than for listening to songs; so said he to his master,
+      "Your worship will do well to settle at once where you mean to pass the
+      night, for the labour these good men are at all day does not allow them to
+      spend the night in singing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I understand thee, Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "I perceive clearly that
+      those visits to the wine-skin demand compensation in sleep rather than in
+      music."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It's sweet to us all, blessed be God," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not deny it," replied Don Quixote; "but settle thyself where thou
+      wilt; those of my calling are more becomingly employed in watching than in
+      sleeping; still it would be as well if thou wert to dress this ear for me
+      again, for it is giving me more pain than it need."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho did as he bade him, but one of the goatherds, seeing the wound,
+      told him not to be uneasy, as he would apply a remedy with which it would
+      be soon healed; and gathering some leaves of rosemary, of which there was
+      a great quantity there, he chewed them and mixed them with a little salt,
+      and applying them to the ear he secured them firmly with a bandage,
+      assuring him that no other treatment would be required, and so it proved.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c11e" id="c11e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c11e.jpg (37K)" src="images/c11e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch12" id="ch12"></a>CHAPTER XII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF WHAT A GOATHERD RELATED TO THOSE WITH DON QUIXOTE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c12a" id="c12a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c12a.jpg (143K)" src="images/c12a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c12a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Just then another young man, one of those who fetched their provisions
+      from the village, came up and said, "Do you know what is going on in the
+      village, comrades?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How could we know it?" replied one of them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, then, you must know," continued the young man, "this morning that
+      famous student-shepherd called Chrysostom died, and it is rumoured that he
+      died of love for that devil of a village girl the daughter of Guillermo
+      the Rich, she that wanders about the wolds here in the dress of a
+      shepherdess."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You mean Marcela?" said one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Her I mean," answered the goatherd; "and the best of it is, he has
+      directed in his will that he is to be buried in the fields like a Moor,
+      and at the foot of the rock where the Cork-tree spring is, because, as the
+      story goes (and they say he himself said so), that was the place where he
+      first saw her. And he has also left other directions which the clergy of
+      the village say should not and must not be obeyed because they savour of
+      paganism. To all which his great friend Ambrosio the student, he who, like
+      him, also went dressed as a shepherd, replies that everything must be done
+      without any omission according to the directions left by Chrysostom, and
+      about this the village is all in commotion; however, report says that,
+      after all, what Ambrosio and all the shepherds his friends desire will be
+      done, and to-morrow they are coming to bury him with great ceremony where
+      I said. I am sure it will be something worth seeing; at least I will not
+      fail to go and see it even if I knew I should not return to the village
+      tomorrow."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We will do the same," answered the goatherds, "and cast lots to see who
+      must stay to mind the goats of all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou sayest well, Pedro," said one, "though there will be no need of
+      taking that trouble, for I will stay behind for all; and don't suppose it
+      is virtue or want of curiosity in me; it is that the splinter that ran
+      into my foot the other day will not let me walk."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that, we thank thee," answered Pedro.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote asked Pedro to tell him who the dead man was and who the
+      shepherdess, to which Pedro replied that all he knew was that the dead man
+      was a wealthy gentleman belonging to a village in those mountains, who had
+      been a student at Salamanca for many years, at the end of which he
+      returned to his village with the reputation of being very learned and
+      deeply read. "Above all, they said, he was learned in the science of the
+      stars and of what went on yonder in the heavens and the sun and the moon,
+      for he told us of the cris of the sun and moon to exact time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Eclipse it is called, friend, not cris, the darkening of those two
+      luminaries," said Don Quixote; but Pedro, not troubling himself with
+      trifles, went on with his story, saying, "Also he foretold when the year
+      was going to be one of abundance or estility."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sterility, you mean," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sterility or estility," answered Pedro, "it is all the same in the end.
+      And I can tell you that by this his father and friends who believed him
+      grew very rich because they did as he advised them, bidding them 'sow
+      barley this year, not wheat; this year you may sow pulse and not barley;
+      the next there will be a full oil crop, and the three following not a drop
+      will be got.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That science is called astrology," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not know what it is called," replied Pedro, "but I know that he knew
+      all this and more besides. But, to make an end, not many months had passed
+      after he returned from Salamanca, when one day he appeared dressed as a
+      shepherd with his crook and sheepskin, having put off the long gown he
+      wore as a scholar; and at the same time his great friend, Ambrosio by
+      name, who had been his companion in his studies, took to the shepherd's
+      dress with him. I forgot to say that Chrysostom, who is dead, was a great
+      man for writing verses, so much so that he made carols for Christmas Eve,
+      and plays for Corpus Christi, which the young men of our village acted,
+      and all said they were excellent. When the villagers saw the two scholars
+      so unexpectedly appearing in shepherd's dress, they were lost in wonder,
+      and could not guess what had led them to make so extraordinary a change.
+      About this time the father of our Chrysostom died, and he was left heir to
+      a large amount of property in chattels as well as in land, no small number
+      of cattle and sheep, and a large sum of money, of all of which the young
+      man was left dissolute owner, and indeed he was deserving of it all, for
+      he was a very good comrade, and kind-hearted, and a friend of worthy folk,
+      and had a countenance like a benediction. Presently it came to be known
+      that he had changed his dress with no other object than to wander about
+      these wastes after that shepherdess Marcela our lad mentioned a while ago,
+      with whom the deceased Chrysostom had fallen in love. And I must tell you
+      now, for it is well you should know it, who this girl is; perhaps, and
+      even without any perhaps, you will not have heard anything like it all the
+      days of your life, though you should live more years than sarna."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say Sarra," said Don Quixote, unable to endure the goatherd's confusion
+      of words.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The sarna lives long enough," answered Pedro; "and if, senor, you must go
+      finding fault with words at every step, we shall not make an end of it
+      this twelvemonth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Pardon me, friend," said Don Quixote; "but, as there is such a difference
+      between sarna and Sarra, I told you of it; however, you have answered very
+      rightly, for sarna lives longer than Sarra: so continue your story, and I
+      will not object any more to anything."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say then, my dear sir," said the goatherd, "that in our village there
+      was a farmer even richer than the father of Chrysostom, who was named
+      Guillermo, and upon whom God bestowed, over and above great wealth, a
+      daughter at whose birth her mother died, the most respected woman there
+      was in this neighbourhood; I fancy I can see her now with that countenance
+      which had the sun on one side and the moon on the other; and moreover
+      active, and kind to the poor, for which I trust that at the present moment
+      her soul is in bliss with God in the other world. Her husband Guillermo
+      died of grief at the death of so good a wife, leaving his daughter
+      Marcela, a child and rich, to the care of an uncle of hers, a priest and
+      prebendary in our village. The girl grew up with such beauty that it
+      reminded us of her mother's, which was very great, and yet it was thought
+      that the daughter's would exceed it; and so when she reached the age of
+      fourteen to fifteen years nobody beheld her but blessed God that had made
+      her so beautiful, and the greater number were in love with her past
+      redemption. Her uncle kept her in great seclusion and retirement, but for
+      all that the fame of her great beauty spread so that, as well for it as
+      for her great wealth, her uncle was asked, solicited, and importuned, to
+      give her in marriage not only by those of our town but of those many
+      leagues round, and by the persons of highest quality in them. But he,
+      being a good Christian man, though he desired to give her in marriage at
+      once, seeing her to be old enough, was unwilling to do so without her
+      consent, not that he had any eye to the gain and profit which the custody
+      of the girl's property brought him while he put off her marriage; and,
+      faith, this was said in praise of the good priest in more than one set in
+      the town. For I would have you know, Sir Errant, that in these little
+      villages everything is talked about and everything is carped at, and rest
+      assured, as I am, that the priest must be over and above good who forces
+      his parishioners to speak well of him, especially in villages."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the truth," said Don Quixote; "but go on, for the story is very
+      good, and you, good Pedro, tell it with very good grace."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May that of the Lord not be wanting to me," said Pedro; "that is the one
+      to have. To proceed; you must know that though the uncle put before his
+      niece and described to her the qualities of each one in particular of the
+      many who had asked her in marriage, begging her to marry and make a choice
+      according to her own taste, she never gave any other answer than that she
+      had no desire to marry just yet, and that being so young she did not think
+      herself fit to bear the burden of matrimony. At these, to all appearance,
+      reasonable excuses that she made, her uncle ceased to urge her, and waited
+      till she was somewhat more advanced in age and could mate herself to her
+      own liking. For, said he&mdash;and he said quite right&mdash;parents are
+      not to settle children in life against their will. But when one least
+      looked for it, lo and behold! one day the demure Marcela makes her
+      appearance turned shepherdess; and, in spite of her uncle and all those of
+      the town that strove to dissuade her, took to going a-field with the other
+      shepherd-lasses of the village, and tending her own flock. And so, since
+      she appeared in public, and her beauty came to be seen openly, I could not
+      well tell you how many rich youths, gentlemen and peasants, have adopted
+      the costume of Chrysostom, and go about these fields making love to her.
+      One of these, as has been already said, was our deceased friend, of whom
+      they say that he did not love but adore her. But you must not suppose,
+      because Marcela chose a life of such liberty and independence, and of so
+      little or rather no retirement, that she has given any occasion, or even
+      the semblance of one, for disparagement of her purity and modesty; on the
+      contrary, such and so great is the vigilance with which she watches over
+      her honour, that of all those that court and woo her not one has boasted,
+      or can with truth boast, that she has given him any hope however small of
+      obtaining his desire. For although she does not avoid or shun the society
+      and conversation of the shepherds, and treats them courteously and kindly,
+      should any one of them come to declare his intention to her, though it be
+      one as proper and holy as that of matrimony, she flings him from her like
+      a catapult. And with this kind of disposition she does more harm in this
+      country than if the plague had got into it, for her affability and her
+      beauty draw on the hearts of those that associate with her to love her and
+      to court her, but her scorn and her frankness bring them to the brink of
+      despair; and so they know not what to say save to proclaim her aloud cruel
+      and hard-hearted, and other names of the same sort which well describe the
+      nature of her character; and if you should remain here any time, senor,
+      you would hear these hills and valleys resounding with the laments of the
+      rejected ones who pursue her. Not far from this there is a spot where
+      there are a couple of dozen of tall beeches, and there is not one of them
+      but has carved and written on its smooth bark the name of Marcela, and
+      above some a crown carved on the same tree as though her lover would say
+      more plainly that Marcela wore and deserved that of all human beauty. Here
+      one shepherd is sighing, there another is lamenting; there love songs are
+      heard, here despairing elegies. One will pass all the hours of the night
+      seated at the foot of some oak or rock, and there, without having closed
+      his weeping eyes, the sun finds him in the morning bemused and bereft of
+      sense; and another without relief or respite to his sighs, stretched on
+      the burning sand in the full heat of the sultry summer noontide, makes his
+      appeal to the compassionate heavens, and over one and the other, over
+      these and all, the beautiful Marcela triumphs free and careless. And all
+      of us that know her are waiting to see what her pride will come to, and
+      who is to be the happy man that will succeed in taming a nature so
+      formidable and gaining possession of a beauty so supreme. All that I have
+      told you being such well-established truth, I am persuaded that what they
+      say of the cause of Chrysostom's death, as our lad told us, is the same.
+      And so I advise you, senor, fail not to be present to-morrow at his
+      burial, which will be well worth seeing, for Chrysostom had many friends,
+      and it is not half a league from this place to where he directed he should
+      be buried."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will make a point of it," said Don Quixote, "and I thank you for the
+      pleasure you have given me by relating so interesting a tale."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Oh," said the goatherd, "I do not know even the half of what has happened
+      to the lovers of Marcela, but perhaps to-morrow we may fall in with some
+      shepherd on the road who can tell us; and now it will be well for you to
+      go and sleep under cover, for the night air may hurt your wound, though
+      with the remedy I have applied to you there is no fear of an untoward
+      result."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho Panza, who was wishing the goatherd's loquacity at the devil, on
+      his part begged his master to go into Pedro's hut to sleep. He did so, and
+      passed all the rest of the night in thinking of his lady Dulcinea, in
+      imitation of the lovers of Marcela. Sancho Panza settled himself between
+      Rocinante and his ass, and slept, not like a lover who had been discarded,
+      but like a man who had been soundly kicked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c12e" id="c12e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c12e.jpg (42K)" src="images/c12e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch13" id="ch13"></a>CHAPTER XIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS ENDED THE STORY OF THE SHEPHERDESS MARCELA, WITH OTHER
+      INCIDENTS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c13a" id="c13a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c13a.jpg (181K)" src="images/c13a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c13a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But hardly had day begun to show itself through the balconies of the east,
+      when five of the six goatherds came to rouse Don Quixote and tell him that
+      if he was still of a mind to go and see the famous burial of Chrysostom
+      they would bear him company. Don Quixote, who desired nothing better, rose
+      and ordered Sancho to saddle and pannel at once, which he did with all
+      despatch, and with the same they all set out forthwith. They had not gone
+      a quarter of a league when at the meeting of two paths they saw coming
+      towards them some six shepherds dressed in black sheepskins and with their
+      heads crowned with garlands of cypress and bitter oleander. Each of them
+      carried a stout holly staff in his hand, and along with them there came
+      two men of quality on horseback in handsome travelling dress, with three
+      servants on foot accompanying them. Courteous salutations were exchanged
+      on meeting, and inquiring one of the other which way each party was going,
+      they learned that all were bound for the scene of the burial, so they went
+      on all together.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of those on horseback addressing his companion said to him, "It seems
+      to me, Senor Vivaldo, that we may reckon as well spent the delay we shall
+      incur in seeing this remarkable funeral, for remarkable it cannot but be
+      judging by the strange things these shepherds have told us, of both the
+      dead shepherd and homicide shepherdess."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So I think too," replied Vivaldo, "and I would delay not to say a day,
+      but four, for the sake of seeing it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote asked them what it was they had heard of Marcela and
+      Chrysostom. The traveller answered that the same morning they had met
+      these shepherds, and seeing them dressed in this mournful fashion they had
+      asked them the reason of their appearing in such a guise; which one of
+      them gave, describing the strange behaviour and beauty of a shepherdess
+      called Marcela, and the loves of many who courted her, together with the
+      death of that Chrysostom to whose burial they were going. In short, he
+      repeated all that Pedro had related to Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This conversation dropped, and another was commenced by him who was called
+      Vivaldo asking Don Quixote what was the reason that led him to go armed in
+      that fashion in a country so peaceful. To which Don Quixote replied, "The
+      pursuit of my calling does not allow or permit me to go in any other
+      fashion; easy life, enjoyment, and repose were invented for soft
+      courtiers, but toil, unrest, and arms were invented and made for those
+      alone whom the world calls knights-errant, of whom I, though unworthy, am
+      the least of all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The instant they heard this all set him down as mad, and the better to
+      settle the point and discover what kind of madness his was, Vivaldo
+      proceeded to ask him what knights-errant meant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Have not your worships," replied Don Quixote, "read the annals and
+      histories of England, in which are recorded the famous deeds of King
+      Arthur, whom we in our popular Castilian invariably call King Artus, with
+      regard to whom it is an ancient tradition, and commonly received all over
+      that kingdom of Great Britain, that this king did not die, but was changed
+      by magic art into a raven, and that in process of time he is to return to
+      reign and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot be
+      proved that from that time to this any Englishman ever killed a raven?
+      Well, then, in the time of this good king that famous order of chivalry of
+      the Knights of the Round Table was instituted, and the amour of Don
+      Lancelot of the Lake with the Queen Guinevere occurred, precisely as is
+      there related, the go-between and confidante therein being the highly
+      honourable dame Quintanona, whence came that ballad so well known and
+      widely spread in our Spain&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+O never surely was there knight
+  So served by hand of dame,
+As served was he Sir Lancelot hight
+  When he from Britain came--
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      with all the sweet and delectable course of his achievements in love and
+      war. Handed down from that time, then, this order of chivalry went on
+      extending and spreading itself over many and various parts of the world;
+      and in it, famous and renowned for their deeds, were the mighty Amadis of
+      Gaul with all his sons and descendants to the fifth generation, and the
+      valiant Felixmarte of Hircania, and the never sufficiently praised Tirante
+      el Blanco, and in our own days almost we have seen and heard and talked
+      with the invincible knight Don Belianis of Greece. This, then, sirs, is to
+      be a knight-errant, and what I have spoken of is the order of his
+      chivalry, of which, as I have already said, I, though a sinner, have made
+      profession, and what the aforesaid knights professed that same do I
+      profess, and so I go through these solitudes and wilds seeking adventures,
+      resolved in soul to oppose my arm and person to the most perilous that
+      fortune may offer me in aid of the weak and needy."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By these words of his the travellers were able to satisfy themselves of
+      Don Quixote's being out of his senses and of the form of madness that
+      overmastered him, at which they felt the same astonishment that all felt
+      on first becoming acquainted with it; and Vivaldo, who was a person of
+      great shrewdness and of a lively temperament, in order to beguile the
+      short journey which they said was required to reach the mountain, the
+      scene of the burial, sought to give him an opportunity of going on with
+      his absurdities. So he said to him, "It seems to me, Senor Knight-errant,
+      that your worship has made choice of one of the most austere professions
+      in the world, and I imagine even that of the Carthusian monks is not so
+      austere."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As austere it may perhaps be," replied our Don Quixote, "but so necessary
+      for the world I am very much inclined to doubt. For, if the truth is to be
+      told, the soldier who executes what his captain orders does no less than
+      the captain himself who gives the order. My meaning, is, that churchmen in
+      peace and quiet pray to Heaven for the welfare of the world, but we
+      soldiers and knights carry into effect what they pray for, defending it
+      with the might of our arms and the edge of our swords, not under shelter
+      but in the open air, a target for the intolerable rays of the sun in
+      summer and the piercing frosts of winter. Thus are we God's ministers on
+      earth and the arms by which his justice is done therein. And as the
+      business of war and all that relates and belongs to it cannot be conducted
+      without exceeding great sweat, toil, and exertion, it follows that those
+      who make it their profession have undoubtedly more labour than those who
+      in tranquil peace and quiet are engaged in praying to God to help the
+      weak. I do not mean to say, nor does it enter into my thoughts, that the
+      knight-errant's calling is as good as that of the monk in his cell; I
+      would merely infer from what I endure myself that it is beyond a doubt a
+      more laborious and a more belaboured one, a hungrier and thirstier, a
+      wretcheder, raggeder, and lousier; for there is no reason to doubt that
+      the knights-errant of yore endured much hardship in the course of their
+      lives. And if some of them by the might of their arms did rise to be
+      emperors, in faith it cost them dear in the matter of blood and sweat; and
+      if those who attained to that rank had not had magicians and sages to help
+      them they would have been completely baulked in their ambition and
+      disappointed in their hopes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is my own opinion," replied the traveller; "but one thing among many
+      others seems to me very wrong in knights-errant, and that is that when
+      they find themselves about to engage in some mighty and perilous adventure
+      in which there is manifest danger of losing their lives, they never at the
+      moment of engaging in it think of commending themselves to God, as is the
+      duty of every good Christian in like peril; instead of which they commend
+      themselves to their ladies with as much devotion as if these were their
+      gods, a thing which seems to me to savour somewhat of heathenism."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sir," answered Don Quixote, "that cannot be on any account omitted, and
+      the knight-errant would be disgraced who acted otherwise: for it is usual
+      and customary in knight-errantry that the knight-errant, who on engaging
+      in any great feat of arms has his lady before him, should turn his eyes
+      towards her softly and lovingly, as though with them entreating her to
+      favour and protect him in the hazardous venture he is about to undertake,
+      and even though no one hear him, he is bound to say certain words between
+      his teeth, commending himself to her with all his heart, and of this we
+      have innumerable instances in the histories. Nor is it to be supposed from
+      this that they are to omit commending themselves to God, for there will be
+      time and opportunity for doing so while they are engaged in their task."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that," answered the traveller, "I feel some doubt still, because
+      often I have read how words will arise between two knights-errant, and
+      from one thing to another it comes about that their anger kindles and they
+      wheel their horses round and take a good stretch of field, and then
+      without any more ado at the top of their speed they come to the charge,
+      and in mid-career they are wont to commend themselves to their ladies; and
+      what commonly comes of the encounter is that one falls over the haunches
+      of his horse pierced through and through by his antagonist's lance, and as
+      for the other, it is only by holding on to the mane of his horse that he
+      can help falling to the ground; but I know not how the dead man had time
+      to commend himself to God in the course of such rapid work as this; it
+      would have been better if those words which he spent in commending himself
+      to his lady in the midst of his career had been devoted to his duty and
+      obligation as a Christian. Moreover, it is my belief that all
+      knights-errant have not ladies to commend themselves to, for they are not
+      all in love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is impossible," said Don Quixote: "I say it is impossible that there
+      could be a knight-errant without a lady, because to such it is as natural
+      and proper to be in love as to the heavens to have stars: most certainly
+      no history has been seen in which there is to be found a knight-errant
+      without an amour, and for the simple reason that without one he would be
+      held no legitimate knight but a bastard, and one who had gained entrance
+      into the stronghold of the said knighthood, not by the door, but over the
+      wall like a thief and a robber."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I remember rightly, I think I have
+      read that Don Galaor, the brother of the valiant Amadis of Gaul, never had
+      any special lady to whom he might commend himself, and yet he was not the
+      less esteemed, and was a very stout and famous knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which our Don Quixote made answer, "Sir, one solitary swallow does not
+      make summer; moreover, I know that knight was in secret very deeply in
+      love; besides which, that way of falling in love with all that took his
+      fancy was a natural propensity which he could not control. But, in short,
+      it is very manifest that he had one alone whom he made mistress of his
+      will, to whom he commended himself very frequently and very secretly, for
+      he prided himself on being a reticent knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then if it be essential that every knight-errant should be in love," said
+      the traveller, "it may be fairly supposed that your worship is so, as you
+      are of the order; and if you do not pride yourself on being as reticent as
+      Don Galaor, I entreat you as earnestly as I can, in the name of all this
+      company and in my own, to inform us of the name, country, rank, and beauty
+      of your lady, for she will esteem herself fortunate if all the world knows
+      that she is loved and served by such a knight as your worship seems to
+      be."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this Don Quixote heaved a deep sigh and said, "I cannot say positively
+      whether my sweet enemy is pleased or not that the world should know I
+      serve her; I can only say in answer to what has been so courteously asked
+      of me, that her name is Dulcinea, her country El Toboso, a village of La
+      Mancha, her rank must be at least that of a princess, since she is my
+      queen and lady, and her beauty superhuman, since all the impossible and
+      fanciful attributes of beauty which the poets apply to their ladies are
+      verified in her; for her hairs are gold, her forehead Elysian fields, her
+      eyebrows rainbows, her eyes suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her
+      teeth pearls, her neck alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her
+      fairness snow, and what modesty conceals from sight such, I think and
+      imagine, as rational reflection can only extol, not compare."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We should like to know her lineage, race, and ancestry," said Vivaldo.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote replied, "She is not of the ancient Roman Curtii,
+      Caii, or Scipios, nor of the modern Colonnas or Orsini, nor of the
+      Moncadas or Requesenes of Catalonia, nor yet of the Rebellas or Villanovas
+      of Valencia; Palafoxes, Nuzas, Rocabertis, Corellas, Lunas, Alagones,
+      Urreas, Foces, or Gurreas of Aragon; Cerdas, Manriques, Mendozas, or
+      Guzmans of Castile; Alencastros, Pallas, or Meneses of Portugal; but she
+      is of those of El Toboso of La Mancha, a lineage that though modern, may
+      furnish a source of gentle blood for the most illustrious families of the
+      ages that are to come, and this let none dispute with me save on the
+      condition that Zerbino placed at the foot of the trophy of Orlando's arms,
+      saying,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      'These let none move Who dareth not his might with Roland prove.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Although mine is of the Cachopins of Laredo," said the traveller, "I will
+      not venture to compare it with that of El Toboso of La Mancha, though, to
+      tell the truth, no such surname has until now ever reached my ears."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What!" said Don Quixote, "has that never reached them?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The rest of the party went along listening with great attention to the
+      conversation of the pair, and even the very goatherds and shepherds
+      perceived how exceedingly out of his wits our Don Quixote was. Sancho
+      Panza alone thought that what his master said was the truth, knowing who
+      he was and having known him from his birth; and all that he felt any
+      difficulty in believing was that about the fair Dulcinea del Toboso,
+      because neither any such name nor any such princess had ever come to his
+      knowledge though he lived so close to El Toboso. They were going along
+      conversing in this way, when they saw descending a gap between two high
+      mountains some twenty shepherds, all clad in sheepskins of black wool, and
+      crowned with garlands which, as afterwards appeared, were, some of them of
+      yew, some of cypress. Six of the number were carrying a bier covered with
+      a great variety of flowers and branches, on seeing which one of the
+      goatherds said, "Those who come there are the bearers of Chrysostom's
+      body, and the foot of that mountain is the place where he ordered them to
+      bury him." They therefore made haste to reach the spot, and did so by the
+      time those who came had laid the bier upon the ground, and four of them
+      with sharp pickaxes were digging a grave by the side of a hard rock. They
+      greeted each other courteously, and then Don Quixote and those who
+      accompanied him turned to examine the bier, and on it, covered with
+      flowers, they saw a dead body in the dress of a shepherd, to all
+      appearance of one thirty years of age, and showing even in death that in
+      life he had been of comely features and gallant bearing. Around him on the
+      bier itself were laid some books, and several papers open and folded; and
+      those who were looking on as well as those who were opening the grave and
+      all the others who were there preserved a strange silence, until one of
+      those who had borne the body said to another, "Observe carefully, Ambrosia
+      if this is the place Chrysostom spoke of, since you are anxious that what
+      he directed in his will should be so strictly complied with."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This is the place," answered Ambrosia "for in it many a time did my poor
+      friend tell me the story of his hard fortune. Here it was, he told me,
+      that he saw for the first time that mortal enemy of the human race, and
+      here, too, for the first time he declared to her his passion, as
+      honourable as it was devoted, and here it was that at last Marcela ended
+      by scorning and rejecting him so as to bring the tragedy of his wretched
+      life to a close; here, in memory of misfortunes so great, he desired to be
+      laid in the bowels of eternal oblivion." Then turning to Don Quixote and
+      the travellers he went on to say, "That body, sirs, on which you are
+      looking with compassionate eyes, was the abode of a soul on which Heaven
+      bestowed a vast share of its riches. That is the body of Chrysostom, who
+      was unrivalled in wit, unequalled in courtesy, unapproached in gentle
+      bearing, a phoenix in friendship, generous without limit, grave without
+      arrogance, gay without vulgarity, and, in short, first in all that
+      constitutes goodness and second to none in all that makes up misfortune.
+      He loved deeply, he was hated; he adored, he was scorned; he wooed a wild
+      beast, he pleaded with marble, he pursued the wind, he cried to the
+      wilderness, he served ingratitude, and for reward was made the prey of
+      death in the mid-course of life, cut short by a shepherdess whom he sought
+      to immortalise in the memory of man, as these papers which you see could
+      fully prove, had he not commanded me to consign them to the fire after
+      having consigned his body to the earth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You would deal with them more harshly and cruelly than their owner
+      himself," said Vivaldo, "for it is neither right nor proper to do the will
+      of one who enjoins what is wholly unreasonable; it would not have been
+      reasonable in Augustus Caesar had he permitted the directions left by the
+      divine Mantuan in his will to be carried into effect. So that, Senor
+      Ambrosia while you consign your friend's body to the earth, you should not
+      consign his writings to oblivion, for if he gave the order in bitterness
+      of heart, it is not right that you should irrationally obey it. On the
+      contrary, by granting life to those papers, let the cruelty of Marcela
+      live for ever, to serve as a warning in ages to come to all men to shun
+      and avoid falling into like danger; or I and all of us who have come here
+      know already the story of this your love-stricken and heart-broken friend,
+      and we know, too, your friendship, and the cause of his death, and the
+      directions he gave at the close of his life; from which sad story may be
+      gathered how great was the cruelty of Marcela, the love of Chrysostom, and
+      the loyalty of your friendship, together with the end awaiting those who
+      pursue rashly the path that insane passion opens to their eyes. Last night
+      we learned the death of Chrysostom and that he was to be buried here, and
+      out of curiosity and pity we left our direct road and resolved to come and
+      see with our eyes that which when heard of had so moved our compassion,
+      and in consideration of that compassion and our desire to prove it if we
+      might by condolence, we beg of you, excellent Ambrosia, or at least I on
+      my own account entreat you, that instead of burning those papers you allow
+      me to carry away some of them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And without waiting for the shepherd's answer, he stretched out his hand
+      and took up some of those that were nearest to him; seeing which Ambrosio
+      said, "Out of courtesy, senor, I will grant your request as to those you
+      have taken, but it is idle to expect me to abstain from burning the
+      remainder."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Vivaldo, who was eager to see what the papers contained, opened one of
+      them at once, and saw that its title was "Lay of Despair."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ambrosio hearing it said, "That is the last paper the unhappy man wrote;
+      and that you may see, senor, to what an end his misfortunes brought him,
+      read it so that you may be heard, for you will have time enough for that
+      while we are waiting for the grave to be dug."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will do so very willingly," said Vivaldo; and as all the bystanders
+      were equally eager they gathered round him, and he, reading in a loud
+      voice, found that it ran as follows.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c13e" id="c13e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c13e.jpg (15K)" src="images/c13e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch14" id="ch14"></a>CHAPTER XIV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHEREIN ARE INSERTED THE DESPAIRING VERSES OF THE DEAD SHEPHERD, TOGETHER
+      WITH OTHER INCIDENTS NOT LOOKED FOR
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c14a" id="c14a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c14a.jpg (172K)" src="images/c14a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c14a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+           THE LAY OF CHRYSOSTOM
+
+  Since thou dost in thy cruelty desire
+The ruthless rigour of thy tyranny
+From tongue to tongue, from land to land proclaimed,
+The very Hell will I constrain to lend
+This stricken breast of mine deep notes of woe
+To serve my need of fitting utterance.
+And as I strive to body forth the tale
+Of all I suffer, all that thou hast done,
+Forth shall the dread voice roll, and bear along
+Shreds from my vitals torn for greater pain.
+Then listen, not to dulcet harmony,
+But to a discord wrung by mad despair
+Out of this bosom's depths of bitterness,
+To ease my heart and plant a sting in thine.
+
+  The lion's roar, the fierce wolf's savage howl,
+The horrid hissing of the scaly snake,
+The awesome cries of monsters yet unnamed,
+The crow's ill-boding croak, the hollow moan
+Of wild winds wrestling with the restless sea,
+The wrathful bellow of the vanquished bull,
+The plaintive sobbing of the widowed dove,
+The envied owl's sad note, the wail of woe
+That rises from the dreary choir of Hell,
+Commingled in one sound, confusing sense,
+Let all these come to aid my soul's complaint,
+For pain like mine demands new modes of song.
+
+  No echoes of that discord shall be heard
+Where Father Tagus rolls, or on the banks
+Of olive-bordered Betis; to the rocks
+Or in deep caverns shall my plaint be told,
+And by a lifeless tongue in living words;
+Or in dark valleys or on lonely shores,
+Where neither foot of man nor sunbeam falls;
+Or in among the poison-breathing swarms
+Of monsters nourished by the sluggish Nile.
+For, though it be to solitudes remote
+The hoarse vague echoes of my sorrows sound
+Thy matchless cruelty, my dismal fate
+Shall carry them to all the spacious world.
+
+  Disdain hath power to kill, and patience dies
+Slain by suspicion, be it false or true;
+And deadly is the force of jealousy;
+Long absence makes of life a dreary void;
+No hope of happiness can give repose
+To him that ever fears to be forgot;
+And death, inevitable, waits in hall.
+But I, by some strange miracle, live on
+A prey to absence, jealousy, disdain;
+Racked by suspicion as by certainty;
+Forgotten, left to feed my flame alone.
+And while I suffer thus, there comes no ray
+Of hope to gladden me athwart the gloom;
+Nor do I look for it in my despair;
+But rather clinging to a cureless woe,
+All hope do I abjure for evermore.
+
+  Can there be hope where fear is? Were it well,
+When far more certain are the grounds of fear?
+Ought I to shut mine eyes to jealousy,
+If through a thousand heart-wounds it appears?
+Who would not give free access to distrust,
+Seeing disdain unveiled, and&mdash;bitter change!&mdash;
+All his suspicions turned to certainties,
+And the fair truth transformed into a lie?
+Oh, thou fierce tyrant of the realms of love,
+Oh, Jealousy! put chains upon these hands,
+And bind me with thy strongest cord, Disdain.
+But, woe is me! triumphant over all,
+My sufferings drown the memory of you.
+
+  And now I die, and since there is no hope
+Of happiness for me in life or death,
+Still to my fantasy I'll fondly cling.
+I'll say that he is wise who loveth well,
+And that the soul most free is that most bound
+In thraldom to the ancient tyrant Love.
+I'll say that she who is mine enemy
+In that fair body hath as fair a mind,
+And that her coldness is but my desert,
+And that by virtue of the pain he sends
+Love rules his kingdom with a gentle sway.
+Thus, self-deluding, and in bondage sore,
+And wearing out the wretched shred of life
+To which I am reduced by her disdain,
+I'll give this soul and body to the winds,
+All hopeless of a crown of bliss in store.
+
+  Thou whose injustice hath supplied the cause
+That makes me quit the weary life I loathe,
+As by this wounded bosom thou canst see
+How willingly thy victim I become,
+Let not my death, if haply worth a tear,
+Cloud the clear heaven that dwells in thy bright eyes;
+I would not have thee expiate in aught
+The crime of having made my heart thy prey;
+But rather let thy laughter gaily ring
+And prove my death to be thy festival.
+Fool that I am to bid thee! well I know
+Thy glory gains by my untimely end.
+
+  And now it is the time; from Hell's abyss
+Come thirsting Tantalus, come Sisyphus
+Heaving the cruel stone, come Tityus
+With vulture, and with wheel Ixion come,
+And come the sisters of the ceaseless toil;
+And all into this breast transfer their pains,
+And (if such tribute to despair be due)
+Chant in their deepest tones a doleful dirge
+Over a corse unworthy of a shroud.
+Let the three-headed guardian of the gate,
+And all the monstrous progeny of hell,
+The doleful concert join: a lover dead
+Methinks can have no fitter obsequies.
+
+  Lay of despair, grieve not when thou art gone
+Forth from this sorrowing heart: my misery
+Brings fortune to the cause that gave thee birth;
+Then banish sadness even in the tomb.
+
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The "Lay of Chrysostom" met with the approbation of the listeners, though
+      the reader said it did not seem to him to agree with what he had heard of
+      Marcela's reserve and propriety, for Chrysostom complained in it of
+      jealousy, suspicion, and absence, all to the prejudice of the good name
+      and fame of Marcela; to which Ambrosio replied as one who knew well his
+      friend's most secret thoughts, "Senor, to remove that doubt I should tell
+      you that when the unhappy man wrote this lay he was away from Marcela,
+      from whom he had voluntarily separated himself, to try if absence would
+      act with him as it is wont; and as everything distresses and every fear
+      haunts the banished lover, so imaginary jealousies and suspicions, dreaded
+      as if they were true, tormented Chrysostom; and thus the truth of what
+      report declares of the virtue of Marcela remains unshaken, and with her
+      envy itself should not and cannot find any fault save that of being cruel,
+      somewhat haughty, and very scornful."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Vivaldo; and as he was about to read another paper of
+      those he had preserved from the fire, he was stopped by a marvellous
+      vision (for such it seemed) that unexpectedly presented itself to their
+      eyes; for on the summit of the rock where they were digging the grave
+      there appeared the shepherdess Marcela, so beautiful that her beauty
+      exceeded its reputation. Those who had never till then beheld her gazed
+      upon her in wonder and silence, and those who were accustomed to see her
+      were not less amazed than those who had never seen her before. But the
+      instant Ambrosio saw her he addressed her, with manifest indignation:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Art thou come, by chance, cruel basilisk of these mountains, to see if in
+      thy presence blood will flow from the wounds of this wretched being thy
+      cruelty has robbed of life; or is it to exult over the cruel work of thy
+      humours that thou art come; or like another pitiless Nero to look down
+      from that height upon the ruin of his Rome in embers; or in thy arrogance
+      to trample on this ill-fated corpse, as the ungrateful daughter trampled
+      on her father Tarquin's? Tell us quickly for what thou art come, or what
+      it is thou wouldst have, for, as I know the thoughts of Chrysostom never
+      failed to obey thee in life, I will make all these who call themselves his
+      friends obey thee, though he be dead."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I come not, Ambrosia for any of the purposes thou hast named," replied
+      Marcela, "but to defend myself and to prove how unreasonable are all those
+      who blame me for their sorrow and for Chrysostom's death; and therefore I
+      ask all of you that are here to give me your attention, for will not take
+      much time or many words to bring the truth home to persons of sense.
+      Heaven has made me, so you say, beautiful, and so much so that in spite of
+      yourselves my beauty leads you to love me; and for the love you show me
+      you say, and even urge, that I am bound to love you. By that natural
+      understanding which God has given me I know that everything beautiful
+      attracts love, but I cannot see how, by reason of being loved, that which
+      is loved for its beauty is bound to love that which loves it; besides, it
+      may happen that the lover of that which is beautiful may be ugly, and
+      ugliness being detestable, it is very absurd to say, "I love thee because
+      thou art beautiful, thou must love me though I be ugly." But supposing the
+      beauty equal on both sides, it does not follow that the inclinations must
+      be therefore alike, for it is not every beauty that excites love, some but
+      pleasing the eye without winning the affection; and if every sort of
+      beauty excited love and won the heart, the will would wander vaguely to
+      and fro unable to make choice of any; for as there is an infinity of
+      beautiful objects there must be an infinity of inclinations, and true
+      love, I have heard it said, is indivisible, and must be voluntary and not
+      compelled. If this be so, as I believe it to be, why do you desire me to
+      bend my will by force, for no other reason but that you say you love me?
+      Nay&mdash;tell me&mdash;had Heaven made me ugly, as it has made me
+      beautiful, could I with justice complain of you for not loving me?
+      Moreover, you must remember that the beauty I possess was no choice of
+      mine, for, be it what it may, Heaven of its bounty gave it me without my
+      asking or choosing it; and as the viper, though it kills with it, does not
+      deserve to be blamed for the poison it carries, as it is a gift of nature,
+      neither do I deserve reproach for being beautiful; for beauty in a modest
+      woman is like fire at a distance or a sharp sword; the one does not burn,
+      the other does not cut, those who do not come too near. Honour and virtue
+      are the ornaments of the mind, without which the body, though it be so,
+      has no right to pass for beautiful; but if modesty is one of the virtues
+      that specially lend a grace and charm to mind and body, why should she who
+      is loved for her beauty part with it to gratify one who for his pleasure
+      alone strives with all his might and energy to rob her of it? I was born
+      free, and that I might live in freedom I chose the solitude of the fields;
+      in the trees of the mountains I find society, the clear waters of the
+      brooks are my mirrors, and to the trees and waters I make known my
+      thoughts and charms. I am a fire afar off, a sword laid aside. Those whom
+      I have inspired with love by letting them see me, I have by words
+      undeceived, and if their longings live on hope&mdash;and I have given none
+      to Chrysostom or to any other&mdash;it cannot justly be said that the
+      death of any is my doing, for it was rather his own obstinacy than my
+      cruelty that killed him; and if it be made a charge against me that his
+      wishes were honourable, and that therefore I was bound to yield to them, I
+      answer that when on this very spot where now his grave is made he declared
+      to me his purity of purpose, I told him that mine was to live in perpetual
+      solitude, and that the earth alone should enjoy the fruits of my
+      retirement and the spoils of my beauty; and if, after this open avowal, he
+      chose to persist against hope and steer against the wind, what wonder is
+      it that he should sink in the depths of his infatuation? If I had
+      encouraged him, I should be false; if I had gratified him, I should have
+      acted against my own better resolution and purpose. He was persistent in
+      spite of warning, he despaired without being hated. Bethink you now if it
+      be reasonable that his suffering should be laid to my charge. Let him who
+      has been deceived complain, let him give way to despair whose encouraged
+      hopes have proved vain, let him flatter himself whom I shall entice, let
+      him boast whom I shall receive; but let not him call me cruel or homicide
+      to whom I make no promise, upon whom I practise no deception, whom I
+      neither entice nor receive. It has not been so far the will of Heaven that
+      I should love by fate, and to expect me to love by choice is idle. Let
+      this general declaration serve for each of my suitors on his own account,
+      and let it be understood from this time forth that if anyone dies for me
+      it is not of jealousy or misery he dies, for she who loves no one can give
+      no cause for jealousy to any, and candour is not to be confounded with
+      scorn. Let him who calls me wild beast and basilisk, leave me alone as
+      something noxious and evil; let him who calls me ungrateful, withhold his
+      service; who calls me wayward, seek not my acquaintance; who calls me
+      cruel, pursue me not; for this wild beast, this basilisk, this ungrateful,
+      cruel, wayward being has no kind of desire to seek, serve, know, or follow
+      them. If Chrysostom's impatience and violent passion killed him, why
+      should my modest behaviour and circumspection be blamed? If I preserve my
+      purity in the society of the trees, why should he who would have me
+      preserve it among men, seek to rob me of it? I have, as you know, wealth
+      of my own, and I covet not that of others; my taste is for freedom, and I
+      have no relish for constraint; I neither love nor hate anyone; I do not
+      deceive this one or court that, or trifle with one or play with another.
+      The modest converse of the shepherd girls of these hamlets and the care of
+      my goats are my recreations; my desires are bounded by these mountains,
+      and if they ever wander hence it is to contemplate the beauty of the
+      heavens, steps by which the soul travels to its primeval abode."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With these words, and not waiting to hear a reply, she turned and passed
+      into the thickest part of a wood that was hard by, leaving all who were
+      there lost in admiration as much of her good sense as of her beauty. Some&mdash;those
+      wounded by the irresistible shafts launched by her bright eyes&mdash;made
+      as though they would follow her, heedless of the frank declaration they
+      had heard; seeing which, and deeming this a fitting occasion for the
+      exercise of his chivalry in aid of distressed damsels, Don Quixote, laying
+      his hand on the hilt of his sword, exclaimed in a loud and distinct voice:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let no one, whatever his rank or condition, dare to follow the beautiful
+      Marcela, under pain of incurring my fierce indignation. She has shown by
+      clear and satisfactory arguments that little or no fault is to be found
+      with her for the death of Chrysostom, and also how far she is from
+      yielding to the wishes of any of her lovers, for which reason, instead of
+      being followed and persecuted, she should in justice be honoured and
+      esteemed by all the good people of the world, for she shows that she is
+      the only woman in it that holds to such a virtuous resolution."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whether it was because of the threats of Don Quixote, or because Ambrosio
+      told them to fulfil their duty to their good friend, none of the shepherds
+      moved or stirred from the spot until, having finished the grave and burned
+      Chrysostom's papers, they laid his body in it, not without many tears from
+      those who stood by. They closed the grave with a heavy stone until a slab
+      was ready which Ambrosio said he meant to have prepared, with an epitaph
+      which was to be to this effect:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+Beneath the stone before your eyes
+The body of a lover lies;
+In life he was a shepherd swain,
+In death a victim to disdain.
+Ungrateful, cruel, coy, and fair,
+Was she that drove him to despair,
+And Love hath made her his ally
+For spreading wide his tyranny.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      They then strewed upon the grave a profusion of flowers and branches, and
+      all expressing their condolence with his friend Ambrosio, took their
+      Vivaldo and his companion did the same; and Don Quixote bade farewell to
+      his hosts and to the travellers, who pressed him to come with them to
+      Seville, as being such a convenient place for finding adventures, for they
+      presented themselves in every street and round every corner oftener than
+      anywhere else. Don Quixote thanked them for their advice and for the
+      disposition they showed to do him a favour, and said that for the present
+      he would not, and must not go to Seville until he had cleared all these
+      mountains of highwaymen and robbers, of whom report said they were full.
+      Seeing his good intention, the travellers were unwilling to press him
+      further, and once more bidding him farewell, they left him and pursued
+      their journey, in the course of which they did not fail to discuss the
+      story of Marcela and Chrysostom as well as the madness of Don Quixote. He,
+      on his part, resolved to go in quest of the shepherdess Marcela, and make
+      offer to her of all the service he could render her; but things did not
+      fall out with him as he expected, according to what is related in the
+      course of this veracious history, of which the Second Part ends here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c14e" id="c14e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c14e.jpg (31K)" src="images/c14e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch15" id="ch15"></a>CHAPTER XV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS RELATED THE UNFORTUNATE ADVENTURE THAT DON QUIXOTE FELL IN
+      WITH WHEN HE FELL OUT WITH CERTAIN HEARTLESS YANGUESANS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c15a" id="c15a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c15a.jpg (81K)" src="images/c15a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c15a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The sage Cid Hamete Benengeli relates that as soon as Don Quixote took
+      leave of his hosts and all who had been present at the burial of
+      Chrysostom, he and his squire passed into the same wood which they had
+      seen the shepherdess Marcela enter, and after having wandered for more
+      than two hours in all directions in search of her without finding her,
+      they came to a halt in a glade covered with tender grass, beside which ran
+      a pleasant cool stream that invited and compelled them to pass there the
+      hours of the noontide heat, which by this time was beginning to come on
+      oppressively. Don Quixote and Sancho dismounted, and turning Rocinante and
+      the ass loose to feed on the grass that was there in abundance, they
+      ransacked the alforjas, and without any ceremony very peacefully and
+      sociably master and man made their repast on what they found in them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c15b" id="c15b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c15b.jpg (376K)" src="images/c15b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c15b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho had not thought it worth while to hobble Rocinante, feeling sure,
+      from what he knew of his staidness and freedom from incontinence, that all
+      the mares in the Cordova pastures would not lead him into an impropriety.
+      Chance, however, and the devil, who is not always asleep, so ordained it
+      that feeding in this valley there was a drove of Galician ponies belonging
+      to certain Yanguesan carriers, whose way it is to take their midday rest
+      with their teams in places and spots where grass and water abound; and
+      that where Don Quixote chanced to be suited the Yanguesans' purpose very
+      well. It so happened, then, that Rocinante took a fancy to disport himself
+      with their ladyships the ponies, and abandoning his usual gait and
+      demeanour as he scented them, he, without asking leave of his master, got
+      up a briskish little trot and hastened to make known his wishes to them;
+      they, however, it seemed, preferred their pasture to him, and received him
+      with their heels and teeth to such effect that they soon broke his girths
+      and left him naked without a saddle to cover him; but what must have been
+      worse to him was that the carriers, seeing the violence he was offering to
+      their mares, came running up armed with stakes, and so belaboured him that
+      they brought him sorely battered to the ground.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time Don Quixote and Sancho, who had witnessed the drubbing of
+      Rocinante, came up panting, and said Don Quixote to Sancho:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So far as I can see, friend Sancho, these are not knights but base folk
+      of low birth: I mention it because thou canst lawfully aid me in taking
+      due vengeance for the insult offered to Rocinante before our eyes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What the devil vengeance can we take," answered Sancho, "if they are more
+      than twenty, and we no more than two, or, indeed, perhaps not more than
+      one and a half?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I count for a hundred," replied Don Quixote, and without more words he
+      drew his sword and attacked the Yanguesans and excited and impelled by the
+      example of his master, Sancho did the same; and to begin with, Don Quixote
+      delivered a slash at one of them that laid open the leather jerkin he
+      wore, together with a great portion of his shoulder. The Yanguesans,
+      seeing themselves assaulted by only two men while they were so many,
+      betook themselves to their stakes, and driving the two into the middle
+      they began to lay on with great zeal and energy; in fact, at the second
+      blow they brought Sancho to the ground, and Don Quixote fared the same
+      way, all his skill and high mettle availing him nothing, and fate willed
+      it that he should fall at the feet of Rocinante, who had not yet risen;
+      whereby it may be seen how furiously stakes can pound in angry boorish
+      hands.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c15c" id="c15c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c15c.jpg (362K)" src="images/c15c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c15c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then, seeing the mischief they had done, the Yanguesans with all the haste
+      they could loaded their team and pursued their journey, leaving the two
+      adventurers a sorry sight and in sorrier mood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho was the first to come to, and finding himself close to his master
+      he called to him in a weak and doleful voice, "Senor Don Quixote, ah,
+      Senor Don Quixote!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What wouldst thou, brother Sancho?" answered Don Quixote in the same
+      feeble suffering tone as Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would like, if it were possible," answered Sancho Panza, "your worship
+      to give me a couple of sups of that potion of the fiery Blas, if it be
+      that you have any to hand there; perhaps it will serve for broken bones as
+      well as for wounds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If I only had it here, wretch that I am, what more should we want?" said
+      Don Quixote; "but I swear to thee, Sancho Panza, on the faith of a
+      knight-errant, ere two days are over, unless fortune orders otherwise, I
+      mean to have it in my possession, or my hand will have lost its cunning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But in how many does your worship think we shall have the use of our
+      feet?" answered Sancho Panza.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For myself I must say I cannot guess how many," said the battered knight
+      Don Quixote; "but I take all the blame upon myself, for I had no business
+      to put hand to sword against men who where not dubbed knights like myself,
+      and so I believe that in punishment for having transgressed the laws of
+      chivalry the God of battles has permitted this chastisement to be
+      administered to me; for which reason, brother Sancho, it is well thou
+      shouldst receive a hint on the matter which I am now about to mention to
+      thee, for it is of much importance to the welfare of both of us. It is at
+      when thou shalt see rabble of this sort offering us insult thou art not to
+      wait till I draw sword against them, for I shall not do so at all; but do
+      thou draw sword and chastise them to thy heart's content, and if any
+      knights come to their aid and defence I will take care to defend thee and
+      assail them with all my might; and thou hast already seen by a thousand
+      signs and proofs what the might of this strong arm of mine is equal to"&mdash;so
+      uplifted had the poor gentleman become through the victory over the stout
+      Biscayan.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Sancho did not so fully approve of his master's admonition as to let
+      it pass without saying in reply, "Senor, I am a man of peace, meek and
+      quiet, and I can put up with any affront because I have a wife and
+      children to support and bring up; so let it be likewise a hint to your
+      worship, as it cannot be a mandate, that on no account will I draw sword
+      either against clown or against knight, and that here before God I forgive
+      the insults that have been offered me, whether they have been, are, or
+      shall be offered me by high or low, rich or poor, noble or commoner, not
+      excepting any rank or condition whatsoever."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To all which his master said in reply, "I wish I had breath enough to
+      speak somewhat easily, and that the pain I feel on this side would abate
+      so as to let me explain to thee, Panza, the mistake thou makest. Come now,
+      sinner, suppose the wind of fortune, hitherto so adverse, should turn in
+      our favour, filling the sails of our desires so that safely and without
+      impediment we put into port in some one of those islands I have promised
+      thee, how would it be with thee if on winning it I made thee lord of it?
+      Why, thou wilt make it well-nigh impossible through not being a knight nor
+      having any desire to be one, nor possessing the courage nor the will to
+      avenge insults or defend thy lordship; for thou must know that in newly
+      conquered kingdoms and provinces the minds of the inhabitants are never so
+      quiet nor so well disposed to the new lord that there is no fear of their
+      making some move to change matters once more, and try, as they say, what
+      chance may do for them; so it is essential that the new possessor should
+      have good sense to enable him to govern, and valour to attack and defend
+      himself, whatever may befall him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In what has now befallen us," answered Sancho, "I'd have been well
+      pleased to have that good sense and that valour your worship speaks of,
+      but I swear on the faith of a poor man I am more fit for plasters than for
+      arguments. See if your worship can get up, and let us help Rocinante,
+      though he does not deserve it, for he was the main cause of all this
+      thrashing. I never thought it of Rocinante, for I took him to be a
+      virtuous person and as quiet as myself. After all, they say right that it
+      takes a long time to come to know people, and that there is nothing sure
+      in this life. Who would have said that, after such mighty slashes as your
+      worship gave that unlucky knight-errant, there was coming, travelling post
+      and at the very heels of them, such a great storm of sticks as has fallen
+      upon our shoulders?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet thine, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "ought to be used to such
+      squalls; but mine, reared in soft cloth and fine linen, it is plain they
+      must feel more keenly the pain of this mishap, and if it were not that I
+      imagine&mdash;why do I say imagine?&mdash;know of a certainty that all
+      these annoyances are very necessary accompaniments of the calling of arms,
+      I would lay me down here to die of pure vexation."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this the squire replied, "Senor, as these mishaps are what one reaps of
+      chivalry, tell me if they happen very often, or if they have their own
+      fixed times for coming to pass; because it seems to me that after two
+      harvests we shall be no good for the third, unless God in his infinite
+      mercy helps us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Know, friend Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "that the life of
+      knights-errant is subject to a thousand dangers and reverses, and neither
+      more nor less is it within immediate possibility for knights-errant to
+      become kings and emperors, as experience has shown in the case of many
+      different knights with whose histories I am thoroughly acquainted; and I
+      could tell thee now, if the pain would let me, of some who simply by might
+      of arm have risen to the high stations I have mentioned; and those same,
+      both before and after, experienced divers misfortunes and miseries; for
+      the valiant Amadis of Gaul found himself in the power of his mortal enemy
+      Arcalaus the magician, who, it is positively asserted, holding him
+      captive, gave him more than two hundred lashes with the reins of his horse
+      while tied to one of the pillars of a court; and moreover there is a
+      certain recondite author of no small authority who says that the Knight of
+      Phoebus, being caught in a certain pitfall, which opened under his feet in
+      a certain castle, on falling found himself bound hand and foot in a deep
+      pit underground, where they administered to him one of those things they
+      call clysters, of sand and snow-water, that well-nigh finished him; and if
+      he had not been succoured in that sore extremity by a sage, a great friend
+      of his, it would have gone very hard with the poor knight; so I may well
+      suffer in company with such worthy folk, for greater were the indignities
+      which they had to suffer than those which we suffer. For I would have thee
+      know, Sancho, that wounds caused by any instruments which happen by chance
+      to be in hand inflict no indignity, and this is laid down in the law of
+      the duel in express words: if, for instance, the cobbler strikes another
+      with the last which he has in his hand, though it be in fact a piece of
+      wood, it cannot be said for that reason that he whom he struck with it has
+      been cudgelled. I say this lest thou shouldst imagine that because we have
+      been drubbed in this affray we have therefore suffered any indignity; for
+      the arms those men carried, with which they pounded us, were nothing more
+      than their stakes, and not one of them, so far as I remember, carried
+      rapier, sword, or dagger."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They gave me no time to see that much," answered Sancho, "for hardly had
+      I laid hand on my tizona when they signed the cross on my shoulders with
+      their sticks in such style that they took the sight out of my eyes and the
+      strength out of my feet, stretching me where I now lie, and where thinking
+      of whether all those stake-strokes were an indignity or not gives me no
+      uneasiness, which the pain of the blows does, for they will remain as
+      deeply impressed on my memory as on my shoulders."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that let me tell thee, brother Panza," said Don Quixote, "that
+      there is no recollection which time does not put an end to, and no pain
+      which death does not remove."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And what greater misfortune can there be," replied Panza, "than the one
+      that waits for time to put an end to it and death to remove it? If our
+      mishap were one of those that are cured with a couple of plasters, it
+      would not be so bad; but I am beginning to think that all the plasters in
+      a hospital almost won't be enough to put us right."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No more of that: pluck strength out of weakness, Sancho, as I mean to
+      do," returned Don Quixote, "and let us see how Rocinante is, for it seems
+      to me that not the least share of this mishap has fallen to the lot of the
+      poor beast."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is nothing wonderful in that," replied Sancho, "since he is a
+      knight-errant too; what I wonder at is that my beast should have come off
+      scot-free where we come out scotched."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fortune always leaves a door open in adversity in order to bring relief
+      to it," said Don Quixote; "I say so because this little beast may now
+      supply the want of Rocinante, carrying me hence to some castle where I may
+      be cured of my wounds. And moreover I shall not hold it any dishonour to
+      be so mounted, for I remember having read how the good old Silenus, the
+      tutor and instructor of the gay god of laughter, when he entered the city
+      of the hundred gates, went very contentedly mounted on a handsome ass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It may be true that he went mounted as your worship says," answered
+      Sancho, "but there is a great difference between going mounted and going
+      slung like a sack of manure."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote replied, "Wounds received in battle confer honour
+      instead of taking it away; and so, friend Panza, say no more, but, as I
+      told thee before, get up as well as thou canst and put me on top of thy
+      beast in whatever fashion pleases thee best, and let us go hence ere night
+      come on and surprise us in these wilds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet I have heard your worship say," observed Panza, "that it is very
+      meet for knights-errant to sleep in wastes and deserts, and that they
+      esteem it very good fortune."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is," said Don Quixote, "when they cannot help it, or when they are
+      in love; and so true is this that there have been knights who have
+      remained two years on rocks, in sunshine and shade and all the
+      inclemencies of heaven, without their ladies knowing anything of it; and
+      one of these was Amadis, when, under the name of Beltenebros, he took up
+      his abode on the Pena Pobre for&mdash;I know not if it was eight years or
+      eight months, for I am not very sure of the reckoning; at any rate he
+      stayed there doing penance for I know not what pique the Princess Oriana
+      had against him; but no more of this now, Sancho, and make haste before a
+      mishap like Rocinante's befalls the ass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The very devil would be in it in that case," said Sancho; and letting off
+      thirty "ohs," and sixty sighs, and a hundred and twenty maledictions and
+      execrations on whomsoever it was that had brought him there, he raised
+      himself, stopping half-way bent like a Turkish bow without power to bring
+      himself upright, but with all his pains he saddled his ass, who too had
+      gone astray somewhat, yielding to the excessive licence of the day; he
+      next raised up Rocinante, and as for him, had he possessed a tongue to
+      complain with, most assuredly neither Sancho nor his master would have
+      been behind him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c15d" id="c15d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c15d.jpg (329K)" src="images/c15d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c15d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To be brief, Sancho fixed Don Quixote on the ass and secured Rocinante
+      with a leading rein, and taking the ass by the halter, he proceeded more
+      or less in the direction in which it seemed to him the high road might be;
+      and, as chance was conducting their affairs for them from good to better,
+      he had not gone a short league when the road came in sight, and on it he
+      perceived an inn, which to his annoyance and to the delight of Don Quixote
+      must needs be a castle. Sancho insisted that it was an inn, and his master
+      that it was not one, but a castle, and the dispute lasted so long that
+      before the point was settled they had time to reach it, and into it Sancho
+      entered with all his team without any further controversy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c15e" id="c15e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c15e.jpg (31K)" src="images/c15e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch16" id="ch16"></a>CHAPTER XVI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF WHAT HAPPENED TO THE INGENIOUS GENTLEMAN IN THE INN WHICH HE TOOK TO BE
+      A CASTLE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c16a" id="c16a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c16a.jpg (129K)" src="images/c16a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c16a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The innkeeper, seeing Don Quixote slung across the ass, asked Sancho what
+      was amiss with him. Sancho answered that it was nothing, only that he had
+      fallen down from a rock and had his ribs a little bruised. The innkeeper
+      had a wife whose disposition was not such as those of her calling commonly
+      have, for she was by nature kind-hearted and felt for the sufferings of
+      her neighbours, so she at once set about tending Don Quixote, and made her
+      young daughter, a very comely girl, help her in taking care of her guest.
+      There was besides in the inn, as servant, an Asturian lass with a broad
+      face, flat poll, and snub nose, blind of one eye and not very sound in the
+      other. The elegance of her shape, to be sure, made up for all her defects;
+      she did not measure seven palms from head to foot, and her shoulders,
+      which overweighted her somewhat, made her contemplate the ground more than
+      she liked. This graceful lass, then, helped the young girl, and the two
+      made up a very bad bed for Don Quixote in a garret that showed evident
+      signs of having formerly served for many years as a straw-loft, in which
+      there was also quartered a carrier whose bed was placed a little beyond
+      our Don Quixote's, and, though only made of the pack-saddles and cloths of
+      his mules, had much the advantage of it, as Don Quixote's consisted simply
+      of four rough boards on two not very even trestles, a mattress, that for
+      thinness might have passed for a quilt, full of pellets which, were they
+      not seen through the rents to be wool, would to the touch have seemed
+      pebbles in hardness, two sheets made of buckler leather, and a coverlet
+      the threads of which anyone that chose might have counted without missing
+      one in the reckoning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On this accursed bed Don Quixote stretched himself, and the hostess and
+      her daughter soon covered him with plasters from top to toe, while
+      Maritornes&mdash;for that was the name of the Asturian&mdash;held the
+      light for them, and while plastering him, the hostess, observing how full
+      of wheals Don Quixote was in some places, remarked that this had more the
+      look of blows than of a fall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was not blows, Sancho said, but that the rock had many points and
+      projections, and that each of them had left its mark. "Pray, senora," he
+      added, "manage to save some tow, as there will be no want of some one to
+      use it, for my loins too are rather sore."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then you must have fallen too," said the hostess.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I did not fall," said Sancho Panza, "but from the shock I got at seeing
+      my master fall, my body aches so that I feel as if I had had a thousand
+      thwacks."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That may well be," said the young girl, "for it has many a time happened
+      to me to dream that I was falling down from a tower and never coming to
+      the ground, and when I awoke from the dream to find myself as weak and
+      shaken as if I had really fallen."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is the point, senora," replied Sancho Panza, "that I without
+      dreaming at all, but being more awake than I am now, find myself with
+      scarcely less wheals than my master, Don Quixote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How is the gentleman called?" asked Maritornes the Asturian.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Don Quixote of La Mancha," answered Sancho Panza, "and he is a
+      knight-adventurer, and one of the best and stoutest that have been seen in
+      the world this long time past."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What is a knight-adventurer?" said the lass.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are you so new in the world as not to know?" answered Sancho Panza.
+      "Well, then, you must know, sister, that a knight-adventurer is a thing
+      that in two words is seen drubbed and emperor, that is to-day the most
+      miserable and needy being in the world, and to-morrow will have two or
+      three crowns of kingdoms to give his squire."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then how is it," said the hostess, "that belonging to so good a master as
+      this, you have not, to judge by appearances, even so much as a county?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is too soon yet," answered Sancho, "for we have only been a month
+      going in quest of adventures, and so far we have met with nothing that can
+      be called one, for it will happen that when one thing is looked for
+      another thing is found; however, if my master Don Quixote gets well of
+      this wound, or fall, and I am left none the worse of it, I would not
+      change my hopes for the best title in Spain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To all this conversation Don Quixote was listening very attentively, and
+      sitting up in bed as well as he could, and taking the hostess by the hand
+      he said to her, "Believe me, fair lady, you may call yourself fortunate in
+      having in this castle of yours sheltered my person, which is such that if
+      I do not myself praise it, it is because of what is commonly said, that
+      self-praise debaseth; but my squire will inform you who I am. I only tell
+      you that I shall preserve for ever inscribed on my memory the service you
+      have rendered me in order to tender you my gratitude while life shall last
+      me; and would to Heaven love held me not so enthralled and subject to its
+      laws and to the eyes of that fair ingrate whom I name between my teeth,
+      but that those of this lovely damsel might be the masters of my liberty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The hostess, her daughter, and the worthy Maritornes listened in
+      bewilderment to the words of the knight-errant; for they understood about
+      as much of them as if he had been talking Greek, though they could
+      perceive they were all meant for expressions of good-will and
+      blandishments; and not being accustomed to this kind of language, they
+      stared at him and wondered to themselves, for he seemed to them a man of a
+      different sort from those they were used to, and thanking him in pothouse
+      phrase for his civility they left him, while the Asturian gave her
+      attention to Sancho, who needed it no less than his master.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The carrier had made an arrangement with her for recreation that night,
+      and she had given him her word that when the guests were quiet and the
+      family asleep she would come in search of him and meet his wishes
+      unreservedly. And it is said of this good lass that she never made
+      promises of the kind without fulfilling them, even though she made them in
+      a forest and without any witness present, for she plumed herself greatly
+      on being a lady and held it no disgrace to be in such an employment as
+      servant in an inn, because, she said, misfortunes and ill-luck had brought
+      her to that position. The hard, narrow, wretched, rickety bed of Don
+      Quixote stood first in the middle of this star-lit stable, and close
+      beside it Sancho made his, which merely consisted of a rush mat and a
+      blanket that looked as if it was of threadbare canvas rather than of wool.
+      Next to these two beds was that of the carrier, made up, as has been said,
+      of the pack-saddles and all the trappings of the two best mules he had,
+      though there were twelve of them, sleek, plump, and in prime condition,
+      for he was one of the rich carriers of Arevalo, according to the author of
+      this history, who particularly mentions this carrier because he knew him
+      very well, and they even say was in some degree a relation of his; besides
+      which Cid Hamete Benengeli was a historian of great research and accuracy
+      in all things, as is very evident since he would not pass over in silence
+      those that have been already mentioned, however trifling and insignificant
+      they might be, an example that might be followed by those grave historians
+      who relate transactions so curtly and briefly that we hardly get a taste
+      of them, all the substance of the work being left in the inkstand from
+      carelessness, perverseness, or ignorance. A thousand blessings on the
+      author of "Tablante de Ricamonte" and that of the other book in which the
+      deeds of the Conde Tomillas are recounted; with what minuteness they
+      describe everything!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To proceed, then: after having paid a visit to his team and given them
+      their second feed, the carrier stretched himself on his pack-saddles and
+      lay waiting for his conscientious Maritornes. Sancho was by this time
+      plastered and had lain down, and though he strove to sleep the pain of his
+      ribs would not let him, while Don Quixote with the pain of his had his
+      eyes as wide open as a hare's.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c16b" id="c16b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c16b.jpg (333K)" src="images/c16b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c16b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The inn was all in silence, and in the whole of it there was no light
+      except that given by a lantern that hung burning in the middle of the
+      gateway. This strange stillness, and the thoughts, always present to our
+      knight's mind, of the incidents described at every turn in the books that
+      were the cause of his misfortune, conjured up to his imagination as
+      extraordinary a delusion as can well be conceived, which was that he
+      fancied himself to have reached a famous castle (for, as has been said,
+      all the inns he lodged in were castles to his eyes), and that the daughter
+      of the innkeeper was daughter of the lord of the castle, and that she, won
+      by his high-bred bearing, had fallen in love with him, and had promised to
+      come to his bed for a while that night without the knowledge of her
+      parents; and holding all this fantasy that he had constructed as solid
+      fact, he began to feel uneasy and to consider the perilous risk which his
+      virtue was about to encounter, and he resolved in his heart to commit no
+      treason to his lady Dulcinea del Toboso, even though the queen Guinevere
+      herself and the dame Quintanona should present themselves before him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While he was taken up with these vagaries, then, the time and the hour&mdash;an
+      unlucky one for him&mdash;arrived for the Asturian to come, who in her
+      smock, with bare feet and her hair gathered into a fustian coif, with
+      noiseless and cautious steps entered the chamber where the three were
+      quartered, in quest of the carrier; but scarcely had she gained the door
+      when Don Quixote perceived her, and sitting up in his bed in spite of his
+      plasters and the pain of his ribs, he stretched out his arms to receive
+      his beauteous damsel. The Asturian, who went all doubled up and in silence
+      with her hands before her feeling for her lover, encountered the arms of
+      Don Quixote, who grasped her tightly by the wrist, and drawing her towards
+      him, while she dared not utter a word, made her sit down on the bed. He
+      then felt her smock, and although it was of sackcloth it appeared to him
+      to be of the finest and softest silk: on her wrists she wore some glass
+      beads, but to him they had the sheen of precious Orient pearls: her hair,
+      which in some measure resembled a horse's mane, he rated as threads of the
+      brightest gold of Araby, whose refulgence dimmed the sun himself: her
+      breath, which no doubt smelt of yesterday's stale salad, seemed to him to
+      diffuse a sweet aromatic fragrance from her mouth; and, in short, he drew
+      her portrait in his imagination with the same features and in the same
+      style as that which he had seen in his books of the other princesses who,
+      smitten by love, came with all the adornments that are here set down, to
+      see the sorely wounded knight; and so great was the poor gentleman's
+      blindness that neither touch, nor smell, nor anything else about the good
+      lass that would have made any but a carrier vomit, were enough to
+      undeceive him; on the contrary, he was persuaded he had the goddess of
+      beauty in his arms, and holding her firmly in his grasp he went on to say
+      in low, tender voice:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Would that found myself, lovely and exalted lady, in a position to repay
+      such a favour as that which you, by the sight of your great beauty, have
+      granted me; but fortune, which is never weary of persecuting the good, has
+      chosen to place me upon this bed, where I lie so bruised and broken that
+      though my inclination would gladly comply with yours it is impossible;
+      besides, to this impossibility another yet greater is to be added, which
+      is the faith that I have pledged to the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, sole
+      lady of my most secret thoughts; and were it not that this stood in the
+      way I should not be so insensible a knight as to miss the happy
+      opportunity which your great goodness has offered me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Maritornes was fretting and sweating at finding herself held so fast by
+      Don Quixote, and not understanding or heeding the words he addressed to
+      her, she strove without speaking to free herself. The worthy carrier,
+      whose unholy thoughts kept him awake, was aware of his doxy the moment she
+      entered the door, and was listening attentively to all Don Quixote said;
+      and jealous that the Asturian should have broken her word with him for
+      another, drew nearer to Don Quixote's bed and stood still to see what
+      would come of this talk which he could not understand; but when he
+      perceived the wench struggling to get free and Don Quixote striving to
+      hold her, not relishing the joke he raised his arm and delivered such a
+      terrible cuff on the lank jaws of the amorous knight that he bathed all
+      his mouth in blood, and not content with this he mounted on his ribs and
+      with his feet tramped all over them at a pace rather smarter than a trot.
+      The bed which was somewhat crazy and not very firm on its feet, unable to
+      support the additional weight of the carrier, came to the ground, and at
+      the mighty crash of this the innkeeper awoke and at once concluded that it
+      must be some brawl of Maritornes', because after calling loudly to her he
+      got no answer. With this suspicion he got up, and lighting a lamp hastened
+      to the quarter where he had heard the disturbance. The wench, seeing that
+      her master was coming and knowing that his temper was terrible, frightened
+      and panic-stricken made for the bed of Sancho Panza, who still slept, and
+      crouching upon it made a ball of herself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The innkeeper came in exclaiming, "Where art thou, strumpet? Of course
+      this is some of thy work." At this Sancho awoke, and feeling this mass
+      almost on top of him fancied he had the nightmare and began to distribute
+      fisticuffs all round, of which a certain share fell upon Maritornes, who,
+      irritated by the pain and flinging modesty aside, paid back so many in
+      return to Sancho that she woke him up in spite of himself. He then,
+      finding himself so handled, by whom he knew not, raising himself up as
+      well as he could, grappled with Maritornes, and he and she between them
+      began the bitterest and drollest scrimmage in the world. The carrier,
+      however, perceiving by the light of the innkeeper candle how it fared with
+      his ladylove, quitting Don Quixote, ran to bring her the help she needed;
+      and the innkeeper did the same but with a different intention, for his was
+      to chastise the lass, as he believed that beyond a doubt she alone was the
+      cause of all the harmony. And so, as the saying is, cat to rat, rat to
+      rope, rope to stick, the carrier pounded Sancho, Sancho the lass, she him,
+      and the innkeeper her, and all worked away so briskly that they did not
+      give themselves a moment's rest; and the best of it was that the
+      innkeeper's lamp went out, and as they were left in the dark they all laid
+      on one upon the other in a mass so unmercifully that there was not a sound
+      spot left where a hand could light.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It so happened that there was lodging that night in the inn a caudrillero
+      of what they call the Old Holy Brotherhood of Toledo, who, also hearing
+      the extraordinary noise of the conflict, seized his staff and the tin case
+      with his warrants, and made his way in the dark into the room crying:
+      "Hold! in the name of the Jurisdiction! Hold! in the name of the Holy
+      Brotherhood!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The first that he came upon was the pummelled Don Quixote, who lay
+      stretched senseless on his back upon his broken-down bed, and, his hand
+      falling on the beard as he felt about, he continued to cry, "Help for the
+      Jurisdiction!" but perceiving that he whom he had laid hold of did not
+      move or stir, he concluded that he was dead and that those in the room
+      were his murderers, and with this suspicion he raised his voice still
+      higher, calling out, "Shut the inn gate; see that no one goes out; they
+      have killed a man here!" This cry startled them all, and each dropped the
+      contest at the point at which the voice reached him. The innkeeper
+      retreated to his room, the carrier to his pack-saddles, the lass to her
+      crib; the unlucky Don Quixote and Sancho alone were unable to move from
+      where they were. The cuadrillero on this let go Don Quixote's beard, and
+      went out to look for a light to search for and apprehend the culprits; but
+      not finding one, as the innkeeper had purposely extinguished the lantern
+      on retreating to his room, he was compelled to have recourse to the
+      hearth, where after much time and trouble he lit another lamp.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c16e" id="c16e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c16e.jpg (32K)" src="images/c16e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch17" id="ch17"></a>CHAPTER XVII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH ARE CONTAINED THE INNUMERABLE TROUBLES WHICH THE BRAVE DON
+      QUIXOTE AND HIS GOOD SQUIRE SANCHO PANZA ENDURED IN THE INN, WHICH TO HIS
+      MISFORTUNE HE TOOK TO BE A CASTLE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c17a" id="c17a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c17a.jpg (87K)" src="images/c17a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c17a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time Don Quixote had recovered from his swoon; and in the same
+      tone of voice in which he had called to his squire the day before when he
+      lay stretched "in the vale of the stakes," he began calling to him now,
+      "Sancho, my friend, art thou asleep? sleepest thou, friend Sancho?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How can I sleep, curses on it!" returned Sancho discontentedly and
+      bitterly, "when it is plain that all the devils have been at me this
+      night?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou mayest well believe that," answered Don Quixote, "because, either I
+      know little, or this castle is enchanted, for thou must know&mdash;but
+      this that I am now about to tell thee thou must swear to keep secret until
+      after my death."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I swear it," answered Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say so," continued Don Quixote, "because I hate taking away anyone's
+      good name."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say," replied Sancho, "that I swear to hold my tongue about it till the
+      end of your worship's days, and God grant I may be able to let it out
+      tomorrow."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do I do thee such injuries, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that thou wouldst
+      see me dead so soon?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is not for that," replied Sancho, "but because I hate keeping things
+      long, and I don't want them to grow rotten with me from over-keeping."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At any rate," said Don Quixote, "I have more confidence in thy affection
+      and good nature; and so I would have thee know that this night there
+      befell me one of the strangest adventures that I could describe, and to
+      relate it to thee briefly thou must know that a little while ago the
+      daughter of the lord of this castle came to me, and that she is the most
+      elegant and beautiful damsel that could be found in the wide world. What I
+      could tell thee of the charms of her person! of her lively wit! of other
+      secret matters which, to preserve the fealty I owe to my lady Dulcinea del
+      Toboso, I shall pass over unnoticed and in silence! I will only tell thee
+      that, either fate being envious of so great a boon placed in my hands by
+      good fortune, or perhaps (and this is more probable) this castle being, as
+      I have already said, enchanted, at the time when I was engaged in the
+      sweetest and most amorous discourse with her, there came, without my
+      seeing or knowing whence it came, a hand attached to some arm of some huge
+      giant, that planted such a cuff on my jaws that I have them all bathed in
+      blood, and then pummelled me in such a way that I am in a worse plight
+      than yesterday when the carriers, on account of Rocinante's misbehaviour,
+      inflicted on us the injury thou knowest of; whence conjecture that there
+      must be some enchanted Moor guarding the treasure of this damsel's beauty,
+      and that it is not for me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Not for me either," said Sancho, "for more than four hundred Moors have
+      so thrashed me that the drubbing of the stakes was cakes and fancy-bread
+      to it. But tell me, senor, what do you call this excellent and rare
+      adventure that has left us as we are left now? Though your worship was not
+      so badly off, having in your arms that incomparable beauty you spoke of;
+      but I, what did I have, except the heaviest whacks I think I had in all my
+      life? Unlucky me and the mother that bore me! for I am not a knight-errant
+      and never expect to be one, and of all the mishaps, the greater part falls
+      to my share."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then thou hast been thrashed too?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Didn't I say so? worse luck to my line!" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be not distressed, friend," said Don Quixote, "for I will now make the
+      precious balsam with which we shall cure ourselves in the twinkling of an
+      eye."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time the cuadrillero had succeeded in lighting the lamp, and came
+      in to see the man that he thought had been killed; and as Sancho caught
+      sight of him at the door, seeing him coming in his shirt, with a cloth on
+      his head, and a lamp in his hand, and a very forbidding countenance, he
+      said to his master, "Senor, can it be that this is the enchanted Moor
+      coming back to give us more castigation if there be anything still left in
+      the ink-bottle?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It cannot be the Moor," answered Don Quixote, "for those under
+      enchantment do not let themselves be seen by anyone."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If they don't let themselves be seen, they let themselves be felt," said
+      Sancho; "if not, let my shoulders speak to the point."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mine could speak too," said Don Quixote, "but that is not a sufficient
+      reason for believing that what we see is the enchanted Moor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The officer came up, and finding them engaged in such a peaceful
+      conversation, stood amazed; though Don Quixote, to be sure, still lay on
+      his back unable to move from pure pummelling and plasters. The officer
+      turned to him and said, "Well, how goes it, good man?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would speak more politely if I were you," replied Don Quixote; "is it
+      the way of this country to address knights-errant in that style, you
+      booby?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cuadrillero finding himself so disrespectfully treated by such a
+      sorry-looking individual, lost his temper, and raising the lamp full of
+      oil, smote Don Quixote such a blow with it on the head that he gave him a
+      badly broken pate; then, all being in darkness, he went out, and Sancho
+      Panza said, "That is certainly the enchanted Moor, Senor, and he keeps the
+      treasure for others, and for us only the cuffs and lamp-whacks."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the truth," answered Don Quixote, "and there is no use in
+      troubling oneself about these matters of enchantment or being angry or
+      vexed at them, for as they are invisible and visionary we shall find no
+      one on whom to avenge ourselves, do what we may; rise, Sancho, if thou
+      canst, and call the alcaide of this fortress, and get him to give me a
+      little oil, wine, salt, and rosemary to make the salutiferous balsam, for
+      indeed I believe I have great need of it now, because I am losing much
+      blood from the wound that phantom gave me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho got up with pain enough in his bones, and went after the innkeeper
+      in the dark, and meeting the officer, who was looking to see what had
+      become of his enemy, he said to him, "Senor, whoever you are, do us the
+      favour and kindness to give us a little rosemary, oil, salt, and wine, for
+      it is wanted to cure one of the best knights-errant on earth, who lies on
+      yonder bed wounded by the hands of the enchanted Moor that is in this
+      inn."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the officer heard him talk in this way, he took him for a man out of
+      his senses, and as day was now beginning to break, he opened the inn gate,
+      and calling the host, he told him what this good man wanted. The host
+      furnished him with what he required, and Sancho brought it to Don Quixote,
+      who, with his hand to his head, was bewailing the pain of the blow of the
+      lamp, which had done him no more harm than raising a couple of rather
+      large lumps, and what he fancied blood was only the sweat that flowed from
+      him in his sufferings during the late storm. To be brief, he took the
+      materials, of which he made a compound, mixing them all and boiling them a
+      good while until it seemed to him they had come to perfection. He then
+      asked for some vial to pour it into, and as there was not one in the inn,
+      he decided on putting it into a tin oil-bottle or flask of which the host
+      made him a free gift; and over the flask he repeated more than eighty
+      paternosters and as many more ave-marias, salves, and credos, accompanying
+      each word with a cross by way of benediction, at all which there were
+      present Sancho, the innkeeper, and the cuadrillero; for the carrier was
+      now peacefully engaged in attending to the comfort of his mules.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This being accomplished, he felt anxious to make trial himself, on the
+      spot, of the virtue of this precious balsam, as he considered it, and so
+      he drank near a quart of what could not be put into the flask and remained
+      in the pigskin in which it had been boiled; but scarcely had he done
+      drinking when he began to vomit in such a way that nothing was left in his
+      stomach, and with the pangs and spasms of vomiting he broke into a profuse
+      sweat, on account of which he bade them cover him up and leave him alone.
+      They did so, and he lay sleeping more than three hours, at the end of
+      which he awoke and felt very great bodily relief and so much ease from his
+      bruises that he thought himself quite cured, and verily believed he had
+      hit upon the balsam of Fierabras; and that with this remedy he might
+      thenceforward, without any fear, face any kind of destruction, battle, or
+      combat, however perilous it might be.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho Panza, who also regarded the amendment of his master as miraculous,
+      begged him to give him what was left in the pigskin, which was no small
+      quantity. Don Quixote consented, and he, taking it with both hands, in
+      good faith and with a better will, gulped down and drained off very little
+      less than his master. But the fact is, that the stomach of poor Sancho was
+      of necessity not so delicate as that of his master, and so, before
+      vomiting, he was seized with such gripings and retchings, and such sweats
+      and faintness, that verily and truly he believed his last hour had come,
+      and finding himself so racked and tormented he cursed the balsam and the
+      thief that had given it to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote seeing him in this state said, "It is my belief, Sancho, that
+      this mischief comes of thy not being dubbed a knight, for I am persuaded
+      this liquor cannot be good for those who are not so."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If your worship knew that," returned Sancho&mdash;"woe betide me and all
+      my kindred!&mdash;why did you let me taste it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this moment the draught took effect, and the poor squire began to
+      discharge both ways at such a rate that the rush mat on which he had
+      thrown himself and the canvas blanket he had covering him were fit for
+      nothing afterwards. He sweated and perspired with such paroxysms and
+      convulsions that not only he himself but all present thought his end had
+      come. This tempest and tribulation lasted about two hours, at the end of
+      which he was left, not like his master, but so weak and exhausted that he
+      could not stand. Don Quixote, however, who, as has been said, felt himself
+      relieved and well, was eager to take his departure at once in quest of
+      adventures, as it seemed to him that all the time he loitered there was a
+      fraud upon the world and those in it who stood in need of his help and
+      protection, all the more when he had the security and confidence his
+      balsam afforded him; and so, urged by this impulse, he saddled Rocinante
+      himself and put the pack-saddle on his squire's beast, whom likewise he
+      helped to dress and mount the ass; after which he mounted his horse and
+      turning to a corner of the inn he laid hold of a pike that stood there, to
+      serve him by way of a lance. All that were in the inn, who were more than
+      twenty persons, stood watching him; the innkeeper's daughter was likewise
+      observing him, and he too never took his eyes off her, and from time to
+      time fetched a sigh that he seemed to pluck up from the depths of his
+      bowels; but they all thought it must be from the pain he felt in his ribs;
+      at any rate they who had seen him plastered the night before thought so.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as they were both mounted, at the gate of the inn, he called to
+      the host and said in a very grave and measured voice, "Many and great are
+      the favours, Senor Alcaide, that I have received in this castle of yours,
+      and I remain under the deepest obligation to be grateful to you for them
+      all the days of my life; if I can repay them in avenging you of any
+      arrogant foe who may have wronged you, know that my calling is no other
+      than to aid the weak, to avenge those who suffer wrong, and to chastise
+      perfidy. Search your memory, and if you find anything of this kind you
+      need only tell me of it, and I promise you by the order of knighthood
+      which I have received to procure you satisfaction and reparation to the
+      utmost of your desire."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The innkeeper replied to him with equal calmness, "Sir Knight, I do not
+      want your worship to avenge me of any wrong, because when any is done me I
+      can take what vengeance seems good to me; the only thing I want is that
+      you pay me the score that you have run up in the inn last night, as well
+      for the straw and barley for your two beasts, as for supper and beds."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c16c" id="c16c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c16c.jpg (326K)" src="images/c16c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c16c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then this is an inn?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And a very respectable one," said the innkeeper.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have been under a mistake all this time," answered Don Quixote, "for in
+      truth I thought it was a castle, and not a bad one; but since it appears
+      that it is not a castle but an inn, all that can be done now is that you
+      should excuse the payment, for I cannot contravene the rule of
+      knights-errant, of whom I know as a fact (and up to the present I have
+      read nothing to the contrary) that they never paid for lodging or anything
+      else in the inn where they might be; for any hospitality that might be
+      offered them is their due by law and right in return for the insufferable
+      toil they endure in seeking adventures by night and by day, in summer and
+      in winter, on foot and on horseback, in hunger and thirst, cold and heat,
+      exposed to all the inclemencies of heaven and all the hardships of earth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have little to do with that," replied the innkeeper; "pay me what you
+      owe me, and let us have no more talk of chivalry, for all I care about is
+      to get my money."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You are a stupid, scurvy innkeeper," said Don Quixote, and putting spurs
+      to Rocinante and bringing his pike to the slope he rode out of the inn
+      before anyone could stop him, and pushed on some distance without looking
+      to see if his squire was following him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The innkeeper when he saw him go without paying him ran to get payment of
+      Sancho, who said that as his master would not pay neither would he,
+      because, being as he was squire to a knight-errant, the same rule and
+      reason held good for him as for his master with regard to not paying
+      anything in inns and hostelries. At this the innkeeper waxed very wroth,
+      and threatened if he did not pay to compel him in a way that he would not
+      like. To which Sancho made answer that by the law of chivalry his master
+      had received he would not pay a rap, though it cost him his life; for the
+      excellent and ancient usage of knights-errant was not going to be violated
+      by him, nor should the squires of such as were yet to come into the world
+      ever complain of him or reproach him with breaking so just a privilege.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The ill-luck of the unfortunate Sancho so ordered it that among the
+      company in the inn there were four woolcarders from Segovia, three
+      needle-makers from the Colt of Cordova, and two lodgers from the Fair of
+      Seville, lively fellows, tender-hearted, fond of a joke, and playful, who,
+      almost as if instigated and moved by a common impulse, made up to Sancho
+      and dismounted him from his ass, while one of them went in for the blanket
+      of the host's bed; but on flinging him into it they looked up, and seeing
+      that the ceiling was somewhat lower than what they required for their work,
+      they decided upon going out into the yard, which was bounded by the sky,
+      and there, putting Sancho in the middle of the blanket, they began to
+      raise him high, making sport with him as they would with a dog at
+      Shrovetide.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c16d" id="c16d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c16d.jpg (285K)" src="images/c16d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c16d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cries of the poor blanketed wretch were so loud that they reached the
+      ears of his master, who, halting to listen attentively, was persuaded that
+      some new adventure was coming, until he clearly perceived that it was his
+      squire who uttered them. Wheeling about he came up to the inn with a
+      laborious gallop, and finding it shut went round it to see if he could
+      find some way of getting in; but as soon as he came to the wall of the
+      yard, which was not very high, he discovered the game that was being
+      played with his squire. He saw him rising and falling in the air with such
+      grace and nimbleness that, had his rage allowed him, it is my belief he
+      would have laughed. He tried to climb from his horse on to the top of the
+      wall, but he was so bruised and battered that he could not even dismount;
+      and so from the back of his horse he began to utter such maledictions and
+      objurgations against those who were blanketing Sancho as it would be
+      impossible to write down accurately: they, however, did not stay their
+      laughter or their work for this, nor did the flying Sancho cease his
+      lamentations, mingled now with threats, now with entreaties but all to
+      little purpose, or none at all, until from pure weariness they left off.
+      They then brought him his ass, and mounting him on top of it they put his
+      jacket round him; and the compassionate Maritornes, seeing him so
+      exhausted, thought fit to refresh him with a jug of water, and that it
+      might be all the cooler she fetched it from the well. Sancho took it, and
+      as he was raising it to his mouth he was stopped by the cries of his
+      master exclaiming, "Sancho, my son, drink not water; drink it not, my son,
+      for it will kill thee; see, here I have the blessed balsam (and he held up
+      the flask of liquor), and with drinking two drops of it thou wilt
+      certainly be restored."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At these words Sancho turned his eyes asquint, and in a still louder voice
+      said, "Can it be your worship has forgotten that I am not a knight, or do
+      you want me to end by vomiting up what bowels I have left after last
+      night? Keep your liquor in the name of all the devils, and leave me to
+      myself!" and at one and the same instant he left off talking and began
+      drinking; but as at the first sup he perceived it was water he did not
+      care to go on with it, and begged Maritornes to fetch him some wine, which
+      she did with right good will, and paid for it with her own money; for
+      indeed they say of her that, though she was in that line of life, there
+      was some faint and distant resemblance to a Christian about her. When
+      Sancho had done drinking he dug his heels into his ass, and the gate of
+      the inn being thrown open he passed out very well pleased at having paid
+      nothing and carried his point, though it had been at the expense of his
+      usual sureties, his shoulders. It is true that the innkeeper detained his
+      alforjas in payment of what was owing to him, but Sancho took his
+      departure in such a flurry that he never missed them. The innkeeper, as
+      soon as he saw him off, wanted to bar the gate close, but the blanketers
+      would not agree to it, for they were fellows who would not have cared two
+      farthings for Don Quixote, even had he been really one of the
+      knights-errant of the Round Table.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c17e" id="c17e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c17e.jpg (47K)" src="images/c17e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch18" id="ch18"></a>CHAPTER XVIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS RELATED THE DISCOURSE SANCHO PANZA HELD WITH HIS MASTER, DON
+      QUIXOTE, AND OTHER ADVENTURES WORTH RELATING
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c18a" id="c18a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c18a.jpg (79K)" src="images/c18a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c18a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho reached his master so limp and faint that he could not urge on his
+      beast. When Don Quixote saw the state he was in he said, "I have now come
+      to the conclusion, good Sancho, that this castle or inn is beyond a doubt
+      enchanted, because those who have so atrociously diverted themselves with
+      thee, what can they be but phantoms or beings of another world? and I hold
+      this confirmed by having noticed that when I was by the wall of the yard
+      witnessing the acts of thy sad tragedy, it was out of my power to mount
+      upon it, nor could I even dismount from Rocinante, because they no doubt
+      had me enchanted; for I swear to thee by the faith of what I am that if I
+      had been able to climb up or dismount, I would have avenged thee in such a
+      way that those braggart thieves would have remembered their freak for
+      ever, even though in so doing I knew that I contravened the laws of
+      chivalry, which, as I have often told thee, do not permit a knight to lay
+      hands on him who is not one, save in case of urgent and great necessity in
+      defence of his own life and person."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would have avenged myself too if I could," said Sancho, "whether I had
+      been dubbed knight or not, but I could not; though for my part I am
+      persuaded those who amused themselves with me were not phantoms or
+      enchanted men, as your worship says, but men of flesh and bone like
+      ourselves; and they all had their names, for I heard them name them when
+      they were tossing me, and one was called Pedro Martinez, and another
+      Tenorio Hernandez, and the innkeeper, I heard, was called Juan Palomeque
+      the Left-handed; so that, senor, your not being able to leap over the wall
+      of the yard or dismount from your horse came of something else besides
+      enchantments; and what I make out clearly from all this is, that these
+      adventures we go seeking will in the end lead us into such misadventures
+      that we shall not know which is our right foot; and that the best and
+      wisest thing, according to my small wits, would be for us to return home,
+      now that it is harvest-time, and attend to our business, and give over
+      wandering from Zeca to Mecca and from pail to bucket, as the saying is."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How little thou knowest about chivalry, Sancho," replied Don Quixote;
+      "hold thy peace and have patience; the day will come when thou shalt see
+      with thine own eyes what an honourable thing it is to wander in the
+      pursuit of this calling; nay, tell me, what greater pleasure can there be
+      in the world, or what delight can equal that of winning a battle, and
+      triumphing over one's enemy? None, beyond all doubt."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Very likely," answered Sancho, "though I do not know it; all I know is
+      that since we have been knights-errant, or since your worship has been one
+      (for I have no right to reckon myself one of so honourable a number) we
+      have never won any battle except the one with the Biscayan, and even out
+      of that your worship came with half an ear and half a helmet the less; and
+      from that till now it has been all cudgellings and more cudgellings, cuffs
+      and more cuffs, I getting the blanketing over and above, and falling in
+      with enchanted persons on whom I cannot avenge myself so as to know what
+      the delight, as your worship calls it, of conquering an enemy is like."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is what vexes me, and what ought to vex thee, Sancho," replied Don
+      Quixote; "but henceforward I will endeavour to have at hand some sword
+      made by such craft that no kind of enchantments can take effect upon him
+      who carries it, and it is even possible that fortune may procure for me
+      that which belonged to Amadis when he was called 'The Knight of the
+      Burning Sword,' which was one of the best swords that ever knight in the
+      world possessed, for, besides having the said virtue, it cut like a razor,
+      and there was no armour, however strong and enchanted it might be, that
+      could resist it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such is my luck," said Sancho, "that even if that happened and your
+      worship found some such sword, it would, like the balsam, turn out
+      serviceable and good for dubbed knights only, and as for the squires, they
+      might sup sorrow."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fear not that, Sancho," said Don Quixote: "Heaven will deal better by
+      thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus talking, Don Quixote and his squire were going along, when, on the
+      road they were following, Don Quixote perceived approaching them a large
+      and thick cloud of dust, on seeing which he turned to Sancho and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This is the day, Sancho, on which will be seen the boon my fortune is
+      reserving for me; this, I say, is the day on which as much as on any other
+      shall be displayed the might of my arm, and on which I shall do deeds that
+      shall remain written in the book of fame for all ages to come. Seest thou
+      that cloud of dust which rises yonder? Well, then, all that is churned up
+      by a vast army composed of various and countless nations that comes
+      marching there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "According to that there must be two," said Sancho, "for on this opposite
+      side also there rises just such another cloud of dust."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote turned to look and found that it was true, and rejoicing
+      exceedingly, he concluded that they were two armies about to engage and
+      encounter in the midst of that broad plain; for at all times and seasons
+      his fancy was full of the battles, enchantments, adventures, crazy feats,
+      loves, and defiances that are recorded in the books of chivalry, and
+      everything he said, thought, or did had reference to such things. Now the
+      cloud of dust he had seen was raised by two great droves of sheep coming
+      along the same road in opposite directions, which, because of the dust,
+      did not become visible until they drew near, but Don Quixote asserted so
+      positively that they were armies that Sancho was led to believe it and
+      say, "Well, and what are we to do, senor?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c17b" id="c17b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c17b.jpg (339K)" src="images/c17b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c17b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What?" said Don Quixote: "give aid and assistance to the weak and those
+      who need it; and thou must know, Sancho, that this which comes opposite to
+      us is conducted and led by the mighty emperor Alifanfaron, lord of the
+      great isle of Trapobana; this other that marches behind me is that of his
+      enemy the king of the Garamantas, Pentapolin of the Bare Arm, for he
+      always goes into battle with his right arm bare."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But why are these two lords such enemies?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They are at enmity," replied Don Quixote, "because this Alifanfaron is a
+      furious pagan and is in love with the daughter of Pentapolin, who is a
+      very beautiful and moreover gracious lady, and a Christian, and her father
+      is unwilling to bestow her upon the pagan king unless he first abandons
+      the religion of his false prophet Mahomet, and adopts his own."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By my beard," said Sancho, "but Pentapolin does quite right, and I will
+      help him as much as I can."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that thou wilt do what is thy duty, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for to
+      engage in battles of this sort it is not requisite to be a dubbed knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I can well understand," answered Sancho; "but where shall we put
+      this ass where we may be sure to find him after the fray is over? for I
+      believe it has not been the custom so far to go into battle on a beast of
+      this kind."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Don Quixote, "and what you had best do with him is to
+      leave him to take his chance whether he be lost or not, for the horses we
+      shall have when we come out victors will be so many that even Rocinante
+      will run a risk of being changed for another. But attend to me and
+      observe, for I wish to give thee some account of the chief knights who
+      accompany these two armies; and that thou mayest the better see and mark,
+      let us withdraw to that hillock which rises yonder, whence both armies may
+      be seen."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They did so, and placed themselves on a rising ground from which the two
+      droves that Don Quixote made armies of might have been plainly seen if the
+      clouds of dust they raised had not obscured them and blinded the sight;
+      nevertheless, seeing in his imagination what he did not see and what did
+      not exist, he began thus in a loud voice:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That knight whom thou seest yonder in yellow armour, who bears upon his
+      shield a lion crowned crouching at the feet of a damsel, is the valiant
+      Laurcalco, lord of the Silver Bridge; that one in armour with flowers of
+      gold, who bears on his shield three crowns argent on an azure field, is
+      the dreaded Micocolembo, grand duke of Quirocia; that other of gigantic
+      frame, on his right hand, is the ever dauntless Brandabarbaran de Boliche,
+      lord of the three Arabias, who for armour wears that serpent skin, and has
+      for shield a gate which, according to tradition, is one of those of the
+      temple that Samson brought to the ground when by his death he revenged
+      himself upon his enemies. But turn thine eyes to the other side, and thou
+      shalt see in front and in the van of this other army the ever victorious
+      and never vanquished Timonel of Carcajona, prince of New Biscay, who comes
+      in armour with arms quartered azure, vert, white, and yellow, and bears on
+      his shield a cat or on a field tawny with a motto which says Miau, which
+      is the beginning of the name of his lady, who according to report is the
+      peerless Miaulina, daughter of the duke Alfeniquen of the Algarve; the
+      other, who burdens and presses the loins of that powerful charger and
+      bears arms white as snow and a shield blank and without any device, is a
+      novice knight, a Frenchman by birth, Pierres Papin by name, lord of the
+      baronies of Utrique; that other, who with iron-shod heels strikes the
+      flanks of that nimble parti-coloured zebra, and for arms bears azure vair,
+      is the mighty duke of Nerbia, Espartafilardo del Bosque, who bears for
+      device on his shield an asparagus plant with a motto in Castilian that
+      says, Rastrea mi suerte." And so he went on naming a number of knights of
+      one squadron or the other out of his imagination, and to all he assigned
+      off-hand their arms, colours, devices, and mottoes, carried away by the
+      illusions of his unheard-of craze; and without a pause, he continued,
+      "People of divers nations compose this squadron in front; here are those
+      that drink of the sweet waters of the famous Xanthus, those that scour the
+      woody Massilian plains, those that sift the pure fine gold of Arabia
+      Felix, those that enjoy the famed cool banks of the crystal Thermodon,
+      those that in many and various ways divert the streams of the golden
+      Pactolus, the Numidians, faithless in their promises, the Persians
+      renowned in archery, the Parthians and the Medes that fight as they fly,
+      the Arabs that ever shift their dwellings, the Scythians as cruel as they
+      are fair, the Ethiopians with pierced lips, and an infinity of other
+      nations whose features I recognise and descry, though I cannot recall
+      their names. In this other squadron there come those that drink of the
+      crystal streams of the olive-bearing Betis, those that make smooth their
+      countenances with the water of the ever rich and golden Tagus, those that
+      rejoice in the fertilising flow of the divine Genil, those that roam the
+      Tartesian plains abounding in pasture, those that take their pleasure in
+      the Elysian meadows of Jerez, the rich Manchegans crowned with ruddy ears
+      of corn, the wearers of iron, old relics of the Gothic race, those that
+      bathe in the Pisuerga renowned for its gentle current, those that feed
+      their herds along the spreading pastures of the winding Guadiana famed for
+      its hidden course, those that tremble with the cold of the pineclad
+      Pyrenees or the dazzling snows of the lofty Apennine; in a word, as many
+      as all Europe includes and contains."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Good God! what a number of countries and nations he named! giving to each
+      its proper attributes with marvellous readiness; brimful and saturated
+      with what he had read in his lying books! Sancho Panza hung upon his words
+      without speaking, and from time to time turned to try if he could see the
+      knights and giants his master was describing, and as he could not make out
+      one of them he said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor, devil take it if there's a sign of any man you talk of, knight or
+      giant, in the whole thing; maybe it's all enchantment, like the phantoms
+      last night."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How canst thou say that!" answered Don Quixote; "dost thou not hear the
+      neighing of the steeds, the braying of the trumpets, the roll of the
+      drums?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I hear nothing but a great bleating of ewes and sheep," said Sancho;
+      which was true, for by this time the two flocks had come close.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The fear thou art in, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "prevents thee from
+      seeing or hearing correctly, for one of the effects of fear is to derange
+      the senses and make things appear different from what they are; if thou
+      art in such fear, withdraw to one side and leave me to myself, for alone I
+      suffice to bring victory to that side to which I shall give my aid;" and
+      so saying he gave Rocinante the spur, and putting the lance in rest, shot
+      down the slope like a thunderbolt. Sancho shouted after him, crying, "Come
+      back, Senor Don Quixote; I vow to God they are sheep and ewes you are
+      charging! Come back! Unlucky the father that begot me! what madness is
+      this! Look, there is no giant, nor knight, nor cats, nor arms, nor shields
+      quartered or whole, nor vair azure or bedevilled. What are you about?
+      Sinner that I am before God!" But not for all these entreaties did Don
+      Quixote turn back; on the contrary he went on shouting out, "Ho, knights,
+      ye who follow and fight under the banners of the valiant emperor
+      Pentapolin of the Bare Arm, follow me all; ye shall see how easily I shall
+      give him his revenge over his enemy Alifanfaron of the Trapobana."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So saying, he dashed into the midst of the squadron of ewes, and began
+      spearing them with as much spirit and intrepidity as if he were
+      transfixing mortal enemies in earnest. The shepherds and drovers
+      accompanying the flock shouted to him to desist; seeing it was no use,
+      they ungirt their slings and began to salute his ears with stones as big
+      as one's fist. Don Quixote gave no heed to the stones, but, letting drive
+      right and left kept saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Where art thou, proud Alifanfaron? Come before me; I am a single knight
+      who would fain prove thy prowess hand to hand, and make thee yield thy
+      life a penalty for the wrong thou dost to the valiant Pentapolin
+      Garamanta." Here came a sugar-plum from the brook that struck him on the
+      side and buried a couple of ribs in his body. Feeling himself so smitten,
+      he imagined himself slain or badly wounded for certain, and recollecting
+      his liquor he drew out his flask, and putting it to his mouth began to
+      pour the contents into his stomach; but ere he had succeeded in swallowing
+      what seemed to him enough, there came another almond which struck him on
+      the hand and on the flask so fairly that it smashed it to pieces, knocking
+      three or four teeth and grinders out of his mouth in its course, and
+      sorely crushing two fingers of his hand. Such was the force of the first
+      blow and of the second, that the poor knight in spite of himself came down
+      backwards off his horse. The shepherds came up, and felt sure they had
+      killed him; so in all haste they collected their flock together, took up
+      the dead beasts, of which there were more than seven, and made off without
+      waiting to ascertain anything further.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this time Sancho stood on the hill watching the crazy feats his master
+      was performing, and tearing his beard and cursing the hour and the
+      occasion when fortune had made him acquainted with him. Seeing him, then,
+      brought to the ground, and that the shepherds had taken themselves off, he
+      ran to him and found him in very bad case, though not unconscious; and
+      said he:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did I not tell you to come back, Senor Don Quixote; and that what you
+      were going to attack were not armies but droves of sheep?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That's how that thief of a sage, my enemy, can alter and falsify things,"
+      answered Don Quixote; "thou must know, Sancho, that it is a very easy
+      matter for those of his sort to make us believe what they choose; and this
+      malignant being who persecutes me, envious of the glory he knew I was to
+      win in this battle, has turned the squadrons of the enemy into droves of
+      sheep. At any rate, do this much, I beg of thee, Sancho, to undeceive
+      thyself, and see that what I say is true; mount thy ass and follow them
+      quietly, and thou shalt see that when they have gone some little distance
+      from this they will return to their original shape and, ceasing to be
+      sheep, become men in all respects as I described them to thee at first.
+      But go not just yet, for I want thy help and assistance; come hither, and
+      see how many of my teeth and grinders are missing, for I feel as if there
+      was not one left in my mouth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho came so close that he almost put his eyes into his mouth; now just
+      at that moment the balsam had acted on the stomach of Don Quixote, so, at
+      the very instant when Sancho came to examine his mouth, he discharged all
+      its contents with more force than a musket, and full into the beard of the
+      compassionate squire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Holy Mary!" cried Sancho, "what is this that has happened me? Clearly
+      this sinner is mortally wounded, as he vomits blood from the mouth;" but
+      considering the matter a little more closely he perceived by the colour,
+      taste, and smell, that it was not blood but the balsam from the flask
+      which he had seen him drink; and he was taken with such a loathing that
+      his stomach turned, and he vomited up his inside over his very master, and
+      both were left in a precious state. Sancho ran to his ass to get something
+      wherewith to clean himself, and relieve his master, out of his alforjas;
+      but not finding them, he well-nigh took leave of his senses, and cursed
+      himself anew, and in his heart resolved to quit his master and return
+      home, even though he forfeited the wages of his service and all hopes of
+      the promised island.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote now rose, and putting his left hand to his mouth to keep his
+      teeth from falling out altogether, with the other he laid hold of the
+      bridle of Rocinante, who had never stirred from his master's side&mdash;so
+      loyal and well-behaved was he&mdash;and betook himself to where the squire
+      stood leaning over his ass with his hand to his cheek, like one in deep
+      dejection. Seeing him in this mood, looking so sad, Don Quixote said to
+      him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Bear in mind, Sancho, that one man is no more than another, unless he
+      does more than another; all these tempests that fall upon us are signs
+      that fair weather is coming shortly, and that things will go well with us,
+      for it is impossible for good or evil to last for ever; and hence it
+      follows that the evil having lasted long, the good must be now nigh at
+      hand; so thou must not distress thyself at the misfortunes which happen to
+      me, since thou hast no share in them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How have I not?" replied Sancho; "was he whom they blanketed yesterday
+      perchance any other than my father's son? and the alforjas that are
+      missing to-day with all my treasures, did they belong to any other but
+      myself?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What! are the alforjas missing, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, they are missing," answered Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case we have nothing to eat to-day," replied Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It would be so," answered Sancho, "if there were none of the herbs your
+      worship says you know in these meadows, those with which knights-errant as
+      unlucky as your worship are wont to supply such-like shortcomings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that," answered Don Quixote, "I would rather have just now a
+      quarter of bread, or a loaf and a couple of pilchards' heads, than all the
+      herbs described by Dioscorides, even with Doctor Laguna's notes.
+      Nevertheless, Sancho the Good, mount thy beast and come along with me, for
+      God, who provides for all things, will not fail us (more especially when
+      we are so active in his service as we are), since he fails not the midges
+      of the air, nor the grubs of the earth, nor the tadpoles of the water, and
+      is so merciful that he maketh his sun to rise on the good and on the evil,
+      and sendeth rain on the unjust and on the just."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your worship would make a better preacher than knight-errant," said
+      Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Knights-errant knew and ought to know everything, Sancho," said Don
+      Quixote; "for there were knights-errant in former times as well qualified
+      to deliver a sermon or discourse in the middle of an encampment, as if
+      they had graduated in the University of Paris; whereby we may see that the
+      lance has never blunted the pen, nor the pen the lance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, be it as your worship says," replied Sancho; "let us be off now and
+      find some place of shelter for the night, and God grant it may be
+      somewhere where there are no blankets, nor blanketeers, nor phantoms, nor
+      enchanted Moors; for if there are, may the devil take the whole concern."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ask that of God, my son," said Don Quixote; and do thou lead on where
+      thou wilt, for this time I leave our lodging to thy choice; but reach me
+      here thy hand, and feel with thy finger, and find out how many of my teeth
+      and grinders are missing from this right side of the upper jaw, for it is
+      there I feel the pain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho put in his fingers, and feeling about asked him, "How many grinders
+      used your worship have on this side?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Four," replied Don Quixote, "besides the back-tooth, all whole and quite
+      sound."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mind what you are saying, senor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say four, if not five," answered Don Quixote, "for never in my life
+      have I had tooth or grinder drawn, nor has any fallen out or been
+      destroyed by any decay or rheum."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, then," said Sancho, "in this lower side your worship has no more
+      than two grinders and a half, and in the upper neither a half nor any at
+      all, for it is all as smooth as the palm of my hand."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Luckless that I am!" said Don Quixote, hearing the sad news his squire
+      gave him; "I had rather they despoiled me of an arm, so it were not the
+      sword-arm; for I tell thee, Sancho, a mouth without teeth is like a mill
+      without a millstone, and a tooth is much more to be prized than a diamond;
+      but we who profess the austere order of chivalry are liable to all this.
+      Mount, friend, and lead the way, and I will follow thee at whatever pace
+      thou wilt."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho did as he bade him, and proceeded in the direction in which he
+      thought he might find refuge without quitting the high road, which was
+      there very much frequented. As they went along, then, at a slow pace&mdash;for
+      the pain in Don Quixote's jaws kept him uneasy and ill-disposed for speed&mdash;Sancho
+      thought it well to amuse and divert him by talk of some kind, and among
+      the things he said to him was that which will be told in the following
+      chapter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c18e" id="c18e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c18e.jpg (44K)" src="images/c18e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch19" id="ch19"></a>CHAPTER XIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE SHREWD DISCOURSE WHICH SANCHO HELD WITH HIS MASTER, AND OF THE
+      ADVENTURE THAT BEFELL HIM WITH A DEAD BODY, TOGETHER WITH OTHER NOTABLE
+      OCCURRENCES
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It seems to me, senor, that all these mishaps that have befallen us of
+      late have been without any doubt a punishment for the offence committed by
+      your worship against the order of chivalry in not keeping the oath you
+      made not to eat bread off a tablecloth or embrace the queen, and all the
+      rest of it that your worship swore to observe until you had taken that
+      helmet of Malandrino's, or whatever the Moor is called, for I do not very
+      well remember."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art very right, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "but to tell the truth,
+      it had escaped my memory; and likewise thou mayest rely upon it that the
+      affair of the blanket happened to thee because of thy fault in not
+      reminding me of it in time; but I will make amends, for there are ways of
+      compounding for everything in the order of chivalry."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why! have I taken an oath of some sort, then?" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It makes no matter that thou hast not taken an oath," said Don Quixote;
+      "suffice it that I see thou art not quite clear of complicity; and whether
+      or no, it will not be ill done to provide ourselves with a remedy."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said Sancho, "mind that your worship does not forget this
+      as you did the oath; perhaps the phantoms may take it into their heads to
+      amuse themselves once more with me; or even with your worship if they see
+      you so obstinate."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While engaged in this and other talk, night overtook them on the road
+      before they had reached or discovered any place of shelter; and what made
+      it still worse was that they were dying of hunger, for with the loss of
+      the alforjas they had lost their entire larder and commissariat; and to
+      complete the misfortune they met with an adventure which without any
+      invention had really the appearance of one. It so happened that the night
+      closed in somewhat darkly, but for all that they pushed on, Sancho feeling
+      sure that as the road was the king's highway they might reasonably expect
+      to find some inn within a league or two. Going along, then, in this way,
+      the night dark, the squire hungry, the master sharp-set, they saw coming
+      towards them on the road they were travelling a great number of lights
+      which looked exactly like stars in motion. Sancho was taken aback at the
+      sight of them, nor did Don Quixote altogether relish them: the one pulled
+      up his ass by the halter, the other his hack by the bridle, and they stood
+      still, watching anxiously to see what all this would turn out to be, and
+      found that the lights were approaching them, and the nearer they came the
+      greater they seemed, at which spectacle Sancho began to shake like a man
+      dosed with mercury, and Don Quixote's hair stood on end; he, however,
+      plucking up spirit a little, said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This, no doubt, Sancho, will be a most mighty and perilous adventure, in
+      which it will be needful for me to put forth all my valour and
+      resolution."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Unlucky me!" answered Sancho; "if this adventure happens to be one of
+      phantoms, as I am beginning to think it is, where shall I find the ribs to
+      bear it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be they phantoms ever so much," said Don Quixote, "I will not permit them
+      to touch a thread of thy garments; for if they played tricks with thee the
+      time before, it was because I was unable to leap the walls of the yard;
+      but now we are on a wide plain, where I shall be able to wield my sword as
+      I please."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And if they enchant and cripple you as they did the last time," said
+      Sancho, "what difference will it make being on the open plain or not?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that," replied Don Quixote, "I entreat thee, Sancho, to keep a
+      good heart, for experience will tell thee what mine is."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will, please God," answered Sancho, and the two retiring to one side of
+      the road set themselves to observe closely what all these moving lights
+      might be; and very soon afterwards they made out some twenty encamisados,
+      all on horseback, with lighted torches in their hands, the awe-inspiring
+      aspect of whom completely extinguished the courage of Sancho, who began to
+      chatter with his teeth like one in the cold fit of an ague; and his heart
+      sank and his teeth chattered still more when they perceived distinctly
+      that behind them there came a litter covered over with black and followed
+      by six more mounted figures in mourning down to the very feet of their
+      mules&mdash;for they could perceive plainly they were not horses by the
+      easy pace at which they went. And as the encamisados came along they
+      muttered to themselves in a low plaintive tone. This strange spectacle at
+      such an hour and in such a solitary place was quite enough to strike
+      terror into Sancho's heart, and even into his master's; and (save in Don
+      Quixote's case) did so, for all Sancho's resolution had now broken down.
+      It was just the opposite with his master, whose imagination immediately
+      conjured up all this to him vividly as one of the adventures of his books.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He took it into his head that the litter was a bier on which was borne
+      some sorely wounded or slain knight, to avenge whom was a task reserved
+      for him alone; and without any further reasoning he laid his lance in
+      rest, fixed himself firmly in his saddle, and with gallant spirit and
+      bearing took up his position in the middle of the road where the
+      encamisados must of necessity pass; and as soon as he saw them near at
+      hand he raised his voice and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Halt, knights, or whosoever ye may be, and render me account of who ye
+      are, whence ye come, where ye go, what it is ye carry upon that bier, for,
+      to judge by appearances, either ye have done some wrong or some wrong has
+      been done to you, and it is fitting and necessary that I should know,
+      either that I may chastise you for the evil ye have done, or else that I
+      may avenge you for the injury that has been inflicted upon you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We are in haste," answered one of the encamisados, "and the inn is far
+      off, and we cannot stop to render you such an account as you demand;" and
+      spurring his mule he moved on.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was mightily provoked by this answer, and seizing the mule by
+      the bridle he said, "Halt, and be more mannerly, and render an account of
+      what I have asked of you; else, take my defiance to combat, all of you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The mule was shy, and was so frightened at her bridle being seized that
+      rearing up she flung her rider to the ground over her haunches. An
+      attendant who was on foot, seeing the encamisado fall, began to abuse Don
+      Quixote, who now moved to anger, without any more ado, laying his lance in
+      rest charged one of the men in mourning and brought him badly wounded to
+      the ground, and as he wheeled round upon the others the agility with which
+      he attacked and routed them was a sight to see, for it seemed just as if
+      wings had that instant grown upon Rocinante, so lightly and proudly did he
+      bear himself. The encamisados were all timid folk and unarmed, so they
+      speedily made their escape from the fray and set off at a run across the
+      plain with their lighted torches, looking exactly like maskers running on
+      some gala or festival night. The mourners, too, enveloped and swathed in
+      their skirts and gowns, were unable to bestir themselves, and so with
+      entire safety to himself Don Quixote belaboured them all and drove them
+      off against their will, for they all thought it was no man but a devil
+      from hell come to carry away the dead body they had in the litter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho beheld all this in astonishment at the intrepidity of his lord, and
+      said to himself, "Clearly this master of mine is as bold and valiant as he
+      says he is."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A burning torch lay on the ground near the first man whom the mule had
+      thrown, by the light of which Don Quixote perceived him, and coming up to
+      him he presented the point of the lance to his face, calling on him to
+      yield himself prisoner, or else he would kill him; to which the prostrate
+      man replied, "I am prisoner enough as it is; I cannot stir, for one of my
+      legs is broken: I entreat you, if you be a Christian gentleman, not to
+      kill me, which will be committing grave sacrilege, for I am a licentiate
+      and I hold first orders."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then what the devil brought you here, being a churchman?" said Don
+      Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What, senor?" said the other. "My bad luck."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then still worse awaits you," said Don Quixote, "if you do not satisfy me
+      as to all I asked you at first."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You shall be soon satisfied," said the licentiate; "you must know, then,
+      that though just now I said I was a licentiate, I am only a bachelor, and
+      my name is Alonzo Lopez; I am a native of Alcobendas, I come from the city
+      of Baeza with eleven others, priests, the same who fled with the torches,
+      and we are going to the city of Segovia accompanying a dead body which is
+      in that litter, and is that of a gentleman who died in Baeza, where he was
+      interred; and now, as I said, we are taking his bones to their
+      burial-place, which is in Segovia, where he was born."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And who killed him?" asked Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God, by means of a malignant fever that took him," answered the bachelor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said Don Quixote, "the Lord has relieved me of the task of
+      avenging his death had any other slain him; but, he who slew him having
+      slain him, there is nothing for it but to be silent, and shrug one's
+      shoulders; I should do the same were he to slay myself; and I would have
+      your reverence know that I am a knight of La Mancha, Don Quixote by name,
+      and it is my business and calling to roam the world righting wrongs and
+      redressing injuries."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not know how that about righting wrongs can be," said the bachelor,
+      "for from straight you have made me crooked, leaving me with a broken leg
+      that will never see itself straight again all the days of its life; and
+      the injury you have redressed in my case has been to leave me injured in
+      such a way that I shall remain injured for ever; and the height of
+      misadventure it was to fall in with you who go in search of adventures."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Things do not all happen in the same way," answered Don Quixote; "it all
+      came, Sir Bachelor Alonzo Lopez, of your going, as you did, by night,
+      dressed in those surplices, with lighted torches, praying, covered with
+      mourning, so that naturally you looked like something evil and of the
+      other world; and so I could not avoid doing my duty in attacking you, and
+      I should have attacked you even had I known positively that you were the
+      very devils of hell, for such I certainly believed and took you to be."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As my fate has so willed it," said the bachelor, "I entreat you, sir
+      knight-errant, whose errand has been such an evil one for me, to help me
+      to get from under this mule that holds one of my legs caught between the
+      stirrup and the saddle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would have talked on till to-morrow," said Don Quixote; "how long were
+      you going to wait before telling me of your distress?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He at once called to Sancho, who, however, had no mind to come, as he was
+      just then engaged in unloading a sumpter mule, well laden with provender,
+      which these worthy gentlemen had brought with them. Sancho made a bag of
+      his coat, and, getting together as much as he could, and as the bag would
+      hold, he loaded his beast, and then hastened to obey his master's call,
+      and helped him to remove the bachelor from under the mule; then putting
+      him on her back he gave him the torch, and Don Quixote bade him follow the
+      track of his companions, and beg pardon of them on his part for the wrong
+      which he could not help doing them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And said Sancho, "If by chance these gentlemen should want to know who was
+      the hero that served them so, your worship may tell them that he is the
+      famous Don Quixote of La Mancha, otherwise called the Knight of the Rueful
+      Countenance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The bachelor then took his departure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I forgot to mention that before he did so he said to Don Quixote,
+      "Remember that you stand excommunicated for having laid violent hands on a
+      holy thing, juxta illud, si quis, suadente diabolo."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not understand that Latin," answered Don Quixote, "but I know well I
+      did not lay hands, only this pike; besides, I did not think I was
+      committing an assault upon priests or things of the Church, which, like a
+      Catholic and faithful Christian as I am, I respect and revere, but upon
+      phantoms and spectres of the other world; but even so, I remember how it
+      fared with Cid Ruy Diaz when he broke the chair of the ambassador of that
+      king before his Holiness the Pope, who excommunicated him for the same;
+      and yet the good Roderick of Vivar bore himself that day like a very noble
+      and valiant knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On hearing this the bachelor took his departure, as has been said, without
+      making any reply; and Don Quixote asked Sancho what had induced him to
+      call him the "Knight of the Rueful Countenance" more then than at any
+      other time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will tell you," answered Sancho; "it was because I have been looking at
+      you for some time by the light of the torch held by that unfortunate, and
+      verily your worship has got of late the most ill-favoured countenance I
+      ever saw: it must be either owing to the fatigue of this combat, or else
+      to the want of teeth and grinders."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is not that," replied Don Quixote, "but because the sage whose duty it
+      will be to write the history of my achievements must have thought it
+      proper that I should take some distinctive name as all knights of yore
+      did; one being 'He of the Burning Sword,' another 'He of the Unicorn,'
+      this one 'He of the Damsels,' that 'He of the Phoenix,' another 'The
+      Knight of the Griffin,' and another 'He of the Death,' and by these names
+      and designations they were known all the world round; and so I say that
+      the sage aforesaid must have put it into your mouth and mind just now to
+      call me 'The Knight of the Rueful Countenance,' as I intend to call myself
+      from this day forward; and that the said name may fit me better, I mean,
+      when the opportunity offers, to have a very rueful countenance painted on
+      my shield."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no occasion, senor, for wasting time or money on making that
+      countenance," said Sancho; "for all that need be done is for your worship
+      to show your own, face to face, to those who look at you, and without
+      anything more, either image or shield, they will call you 'Him of the
+      Rueful Countenance' and believe me I am telling you the truth, for I
+      assure you, senor (and in good part be it said), hunger and the loss of
+      your grinders have given you such an ill-favoured face that, as I say, the
+      rueful picture may be very well spared."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote laughed at Sancho's pleasantry; nevertheless he resolved to
+      call himself by that name, and have his shield or buckler painted as he
+      had devised.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote would have looked to see whether the body in the litter were
+      bones or not, but Sancho would not have it, saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor, you have ended this perilous adventure more safely for yourself
+      than any of those I have seen: perhaps these people, though beaten and
+      routed, may bethink themselves that it is a single man that has beaten
+      them, and feeling sore and ashamed of it may take heart and come in search
+      of us and give us trouble enough. The ass is in proper trim, the mountains
+      are near at hand, hunger presses, we have nothing more to do but make good
+      our retreat, and, as the saying is, the dead to the grave and the living
+      to the loaf."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And driving his ass before him he begged his master to follow, who,
+      feeling that Sancho was right, did so without replying; and after
+      proceeding some little distance between two hills they found themselves in
+      a wide and retired valley, where they alighted, and Sancho unloaded his
+      beast, and stretched upon the green grass, with hunger for sauce, they
+      breakfasted, dined, lunched, and supped all at once, satisfying their
+      appetites with more than one store of cold meat which the dead man's
+      clerical gentlemen (who seldom put themselves on short allowance) had
+      brought with them on their sumpter mule. But another piece of ill-luck
+      befell them, which Sancho held the worst of all, and that was that they
+      had no wine to drink, nor even water to moisten their lips; and as thirst
+      tormented them, Sancho, observing that the meadow where they were was full
+      of green and tender grass, said what will be told in the following
+      chapter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch20" id="ch20"></a>CHAPTER XX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE UNEXAMPLED AND UNHEARD-OF ADVENTURE WHICH WAS ACHIEVED BY THE
+      VALIANT DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA WITH LESS PERIL THAN ANY EVER ACHIEVED BY
+      ANY FAMOUS KNIGHT IN THE WORLD
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c19a" id="c19a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c19a.jpg (147K)" src="images/c19a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c19a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It cannot be, senor, but that this grass is a proof that there must be
+      hard by some spring or brook to give it moisture, so it would be well to
+      move a little farther on, that we may find some place where we may quench
+      this terrible thirst that plagues us, which beyond a doubt is more
+      distressing than hunger."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The advice seemed good to Don Quixote, and, he leading Rocinante by the
+      bridle and Sancho the ass by the halter, after he had packed away upon him
+      the remains of the supper, they advanced the meadow feeling their way, for
+      the darkness of the night made it impossible to see anything; but they had
+      not gone two hundred paces when a loud noise of water, as if falling from
+      great rocks, struck their ears. The sound cheered them greatly; but
+      halting to make out by listening from what quarter it came they heard
+      unseasonably another noise which spoiled the satisfaction the sound of the
+      water gave them, especially for Sancho, who was by nature timid and
+      faint-hearted. They heard, I say, strokes falling with a measured beat,
+      and a certain rattling of iron and chains that, together with the furious
+      din of the water, would have struck terror into any heart but Don
+      Quixote's. The night was, as has been said, dark, and they had happened to
+      reach a spot in among some tall trees, whose leaves stirred by a gentle
+      breeze made a low ominous sound; so that, what with the solitude, the
+      place, the darkness, the noise of the water, and the rustling of the
+      leaves, everything inspired awe and dread; more especially as they
+      perceived that the strokes did not cease, nor the wind lull, nor morning
+      approach; to all which might be added their ignorance as to where they
+      were.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c19b" id="c19b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c19b.jpg (204K)" src="images/c19b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c19b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Don Quixote, supported by his intrepid heart, leaped on Rocinante, and
+      bracing his buckler on his arm, brought his pike to the slope, and said,
+      "Friend Sancho, know that I by Heaven's will have been born in this our
+      iron age to revive in it the age of gold, or the golden as it is
+      called; I am he for whom perils, mighty achievements, and valiant deeds
+      are reserved; I am, I say again, he who is to revive the Knights of the
+      Round Table, the Twelve of France and the Nine Worthies; and he who is to
+      consign to oblivion the Platirs, the Tablantes, the Olivantes and
+      Tirantes, the Phoebuses and Belianises, with the whole herd of famous
+      knights-errant of days gone by, performing in these in which I live such
+      exploits, marvels, and feats of arms as shall obscure their brightest
+      deeds. Thou dost mark well, faithful and trusty squire, the gloom of this
+      night, its strange silence, the dull confused murmur of those trees, the
+      awful sound of that water in quest of which we came, that seems as though
+      it were precipitating and dashing itself down from the lofty mountains of
+      the Moon, and that incessant hammering that wounds and pains our ears;
+      which things all together and each of itself are enough to instil fear,
+      dread, and dismay into the breast of Mars himself, much more into one not
+      used to hazards and adventures of the kind. Well, then, all this that I
+      put before thee is but an incentive and stimulant to my spirit, making my
+      heart burst in my bosom through eagerness to engage in this adventure,
+      arduous as it promises to be; therefore tighten Rocinante's girths a
+      little, and God be with thee; wait for me here three days and no more, and
+      if in that time I come not back, thou canst return to our village, and
+      thence, to do me a favour and a service, thou wilt go to El Toboso, where
+      thou shalt say to my incomparable lady Dulcinea that her captive knight
+      hath died in attempting things that might make him worthy of being called
+      hers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Sancho heard his master's words he began to weep in the most pathetic
+      way, saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor, I know not why your worship wants to attempt this so dreadful
+      adventure; it is night now, no one sees us here, we can easily turn about
+      and take ourselves out of danger, even if we don't drink for three days to
+      come; and as there is no one to see us, all the less will there be anyone
+      to set us down as cowards; besides, I have many a time heard the curate of
+      our village, whom your worship knows well, preach that he who seeks danger
+      perishes in it; so it is not right to tempt God by trying so tremendous a
+      feat from which there can be no escape save by a miracle, and Heaven has
+      performed enough of them for your worship in delivering you from being
+      blanketed as I was, and bringing you out victorious and safe and sound
+      from among all those enemies that were with the dead man; and if all this
+      does not move or soften that hard heart, let this thought and reflection
+      move it, that you will have hardly quitted this spot when from pure fear I
+      shall yield my soul up to anyone that will take it. I left home and wife
+      and children to come and serve your worship, trusting to do better and not
+      worse; but as covetousness bursts the bag, it has rent my hopes asunder,
+      for just as I had them highest about getting that wretched unlucky island
+      your worship has so often promised me, I see that instead and in lieu of
+      it you mean to desert me now in a place so far from human reach: for God's
+      sake, master mine, deal not so unjustly by me, and if your worship will
+      not entirely give up attempting this feat, at least put it off till
+      morning, for by what the lore I learned when I was a shepherd tells me it
+      cannot want three hours of dawn now, because the mouth of the Horn is
+      overhead and makes midnight in the line of the left arm."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How canst thou see, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "where it makes that line,
+      or where this mouth or this occiput is that thou talkest of, when the
+      night is so dark that there is not a star to be seen in the whole heaven?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That's true," said Sancho, "but fear has sharp eyes, and sees things
+      underground, much more above in heavens; besides, there is good reason to
+      show that it now wants but little of day."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let it want what it may," replied Don Quixote, "it shall not be said of
+      me now or at any time that tears or entreaties turned me aside from doing
+      what was in accordance with knightly usage; and so I beg of thee, Sancho,
+      to hold thy peace, for God, who has put it into my heart to undertake now
+      this so unexampled and terrible adventure, will take care to watch over my
+      safety and console thy sorrow; what thou hast to do is to tighten
+      Rocinante's girths well, and wait here, for I shall come back shortly,
+      alive or dead."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho perceiving it his master's final resolve, and how little his tears,
+      counsels, and entreaties prevailed with him, determined to have recourse
+      to his own ingenuity and compel him, if he could, to wait till daylight;
+      and so, while tightening the girths of the horse, he quietly and without
+      being felt, with his ass' halter tied both Rocinante's legs, so that when
+      Don Quixote strove to go he was unable as the horse could only move by
+      jumps. Seeing the success of his trick, Sancho Panza said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "See there, senor! Heaven, moved by my tears and prayers, has so ordered
+      it that Rocinante cannot stir; and if you will be obstinate, and spur and
+      strike him, you will only provoke fortune, and kick, as they say, against
+      the pricks."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote at this grew desperate, but the more he drove his heels into
+      the horse, the less he stirred him; and not having any suspicion of the
+      tying, he was fain to resign himself and wait till daybreak or until
+      Rocinante could move, firmly persuaded that all this came of something
+      other than Sancho's ingenuity. So he said to him, "As it is so, Sancho,
+      and as Rocinante cannot move, I am content to wait till dawn smiles upon
+      us, even though I weep while it delays its coming."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no need to weep," answered Sancho, "for I will amuse your
+      worship by telling stories from this till daylight, unless indeed you like
+      to dismount and lie down to sleep a little on the green grass after the
+      fashion of knights-errant, so as to be fresher when day comes and the
+      moment arrives for attempting this extraordinary adventure you are looking
+      forward to."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What art thou talking about dismounting or sleeping for?" said Don
+      Quixote. "Am I, thinkest thou, one of those knights that take their rest
+      in the presence of danger? Sleep thou who art born to sleep, or do as thou
+      wilt, for I will act as I think most consistent with my character."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be not angry, master mine," replied Sancho, "I did not mean to say that;"
+      and coming close to him he laid one hand on the pommel of the saddle and
+      the other on the cantle so that he held his master's left thigh in his
+      embrace, not daring to separate a finger's width from him; so much afraid
+      was he of the strokes which still resounded with a regular beat. Don
+      Quixote bade him tell some story to amuse him as he had proposed, to which
+      Sancho replied that he would if his dread of what he heard would let him;
+      "Still," said he, "I will strive to tell a story which, if I can manage to
+      relate it, and nobody interferes with the telling, is the best of stories,
+      and let your worship give me your attention, for here I begin. What was,
+      was; and may the good that is to come be for all, and the evil for him who
+      goes to look for it&mdash;your worship must know that the beginning the
+      old folk used to put to their tales was not just as each one pleased; it
+      was a maxim of Cato Zonzorino the Roman, that says 'the evil for him that
+      goes to look for it,' and it comes as pat to the purpose now as ring to
+      finger, to show that your worship should keep quiet and not go looking for
+      evil in any quarter, and that we should go back by some other road, since
+      nobody forces us to follow this in which so many terrors affright us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Go on with thy story, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and leave the choice of
+      our road to my care."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say then," continued Sancho, "that in a village of Estremadura there
+      was a goat-shepherd&mdash;that is to say, one who tended goats&mdash;which
+      shepherd or goatherd, as my story goes, was called Lope Ruiz, and this
+      Lope Ruiz was in love with a shepherdess called Torralva, which
+      shepherdess called Torralva was the daughter of a rich grazier, and this
+      rich grazier-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If that is the way thou tellest thy tale, Sancho," said Don Quixote,
+      "repeating twice all thou hast to say, thou wilt not have done these two
+      days; go straight on with it, and tell it like a reasonable man, or else
+      say nothing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tales are always told in my country in the very way I am telling this,"
+      answered Sancho, "and I cannot tell it in any other, nor is it right of
+      your worship to ask me to make new customs."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell it as thou wilt," replied Don Quixote; "and as fate will have it
+      that I cannot help listening to thee, go on."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And so, lord of my soul," continued Sancho, as I have said, this shepherd
+      was in love with Torralva the shepherdess, who was a wild buxom lass with
+      something of the look of a man about her, for she had little moustaches; I
+      fancy I see her now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then you knew her?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I did not know her," said Sancho, "but he who told me the story said it
+      was so true and certain that when I told it to another I might safely
+      declare and swear I had seen it all myself. And so in course of time, the
+      devil, who never sleeps and puts everything in confusion, contrived that
+      the love the shepherd bore the shepherdess turned into hatred and
+      ill-will, and the reason, according to evil tongues, was some little
+      jealousy she caused him that crossed the line and trespassed on forbidden
+      ground; and so much did the shepherd hate her from that time forward that,
+      in order to escape from her, he determined to quit the country and go
+      where he should never set eyes on her again. Torralva, when she found
+      herself spurned by Lope, was immediately smitten with love for him, though
+      she had never loved him before."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the natural way of women," said Don Quixote, "to scorn the one
+      that loves them, and love the one that hates them: go on, Sancho."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It came to pass," said Sancho, "that the shepherd carried out his
+      intention, and driving his goats before him took his way across the plains
+      of Estremadura to pass over into the Kingdom of Portugal. Torralva, who
+      knew of it, went after him, and on foot and barefoot followed him at a
+      distance, with a pilgrim's staff in her hand and a scrip round her neck,
+      in which she carried, it is said, a bit of looking-glass and a piece of a
+      comb and some little pot or other of paint for her face; but let her carry
+      what she did, I am not going to trouble myself to prove it; all I say is,
+      that the shepherd, they say, came with his flock to cross over the river
+      Guadiana, which was at that time swollen and almost overflowing its banks,
+      and at the spot he came to there was neither ferry nor boat nor anyone to
+      carry him or his flock to the other side, at which he was much vexed, for
+      he perceived that Torralva was approaching and would give him great
+      annoyance with her tears and entreaties; however, he went looking about so
+      closely that he discovered a fisherman who had alongside of him a boat so
+      small that it could only hold one person and one goat; but for all that he
+      spoke to him and agreed with him to carry himself and his three hundred
+      goats across. The fisherman got into the boat and carried one goat over;
+      he came back and carried another over; he came back again, and again
+      brought over another&mdash;let your worship keep count of the goats the
+      fisherman is taking across, for if one escapes the memory there will be an
+      end of the story, and it will be impossible to tell another word of it. To
+      proceed, I must tell you the landing place on the other side was miry and
+      slippery, and the fisherman lost a great deal of time in going and coming;
+      still he returned for another goat, and another, and another."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Take it for granted he brought them all across," said Don Quixote, "and
+      don't keep going and coming in this way, or thou wilt not make an end of
+      bringing them over this twelvemonth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How many have gone across so far?" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How the devil do I know?" replied Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There it is," said Sancho, "what I told you, that you must keep a good
+      count; well then, by God, there is an end of the story, for there is no
+      going any farther."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How can that be?" said Don Quixote; "is it so essential to the story to
+      know to a nicety the goats that have crossed over, that if there be a
+      mistake of one in the reckoning, thou canst not go on with it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, senor, not a bit," replied Sancho; "for when I asked your worship to
+      tell me how many goats had crossed, and you answered you did not know, at
+      that very instant all I had to say passed away out of my memory, and,
+      faith, there was much virtue in it, and entertainment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So, then," said Don Quixote, "the story has come to an end?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As much as my mother has," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In truth," said Don Quixote, "thou hast told one of the rarest stories,
+      tales, or histories, that anyone in the world could have imagined, and
+      such a way of telling it and ending it was never seen nor will be in a
+      lifetime; though I expected nothing else from thy excellent understanding.
+      But I do not wonder, for perhaps those ceaseless strokes may have confused
+      thy wits."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that may be," replied Sancho, "but I know that as to my story, all
+      that can be said is that it ends there where the mistake in the count of
+      the passage of the goats begins."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let it end where it will, well and good," said Don Quixote, "and let us
+      see if Rocinante can go;" and again he spurred him, and again Rocinante
+      made jumps and remained where he was, so well tied was he.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Just then, whether it was the cold of the morning that was now
+      approaching, or that he had eaten something laxative at supper, or that it
+      was only natural (as is most likely), Sancho felt a desire to do what no
+      one could do for him; but so great was the fear that had penetrated his
+      heart, he dared not separate himself from his master by as much as the
+      black of his nail; to escape doing what he wanted was, however, also
+      impossible; so what he did for peace's sake was to remove his right hand,
+      which held the back of the saddle, and with it to untie gently and
+      silently the running string which alone held up his breeches, so that on
+      loosening it they at once fell down round his feet like fetters; he then
+      raised his shirt as well as he could and bared his hind quarters, no slim
+      ones. But, this accomplished, which he fancied was all he had to do to get
+      out of this terrible strait and embarrassment, another still greater
+      difficulty presented itself, for it seemed to him impossible to relieve
+      himself without making some noise, and he ground his teeth and squeezed
+      his shoulders together, holding his breath as much as he could; but in
+      spite of his precautions he was unlucky enough after all to make a little
+      noise, very different from that which was causing him so much fear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c19c" id="c19c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c19c.jpg (308K)" src="images/c19c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c19c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, hearing it, said, "What noise is that, Sancho?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know, senor," said he; "it must be something new, for adventures
+      and misadventures never begin with a trifle." Once more he tried his luck,
+      and succeeded so well, that without any further noise or disturbance he
+      found himself relieved of the burden that had given him so much
+      discomfort. But as Don Quixote's sense of smell was as acute as his
+      hearing, and as Sancho was so closely linked with him that the fumes rose
+      almost in a straight line, it could not be but that some should reach his
+      nose, and as soon as they did he came to its relief by compressing it
+      between his fingers, saying in a rather snuffing tone, "Sancho, it strikes
+      me thou art in great fear."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am," answered Sancho; "but how does your worship perceive it now more
+      than ever?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Because just now thou smellest stronger than ever, and not of ambergris,"
+      answered Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Very likely," said Sancho, "but that's not my fault, but your worship's,
+      for leading me about at unseasonable hours and at such unwonted paces."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then go back three or four, my friend," said Don Quixote, all the time
+      with his fingers to his nose; "and for the future pay more attention to
+      thy person and to what thou owest to mine; for it is my great familiarity
+      with thee that has bred this contempt."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I'll bet," replied Sancho, "that your worship thinks I have done
+      something I ought not with my person."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It makes it worse to stir it, friend Sancho," returned Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this and other talk of the same sort master and man passed the night,
+      till Sancho, perceiving that daybreak was coming on apace, very cautiously
+      untied Rocinante and tied up his breeches. As soon as Rocinante found
+      himself free, though by nature he was not at all mettlesome, he seemed to
+      feel lively and began pawing&mdash;for as to capering, begging his pardon,
+      he knew not what it meant. Don Quixote, then, observing that Rocinante
+      could move, took it as a good sign and a signal that he should attempt the
+      dread adventure. By this time day had fully broken and everything showed
+      distinctly, and Don Quixote saw that he was among some tall trees,
+      chestnuts, which cast a very deep shade; he perceived likewise that the
+      sound of the strokes did not cease, but could not discover what caused it,
+      and so without any further delay he let Rocinante feel the spur, and once
+      more taking leave of Sancho, he told him to wait for him there three days
+      at most, as he had said before, and if he should not have returned by that
+      time, he might feel sure it had been God's will that he should end his
+      days in that perilous adventure. He again repeated the message and
+      commission with which he was to go on his behalf to his lady Dulcinea, and
+      said he was not to be uneasy as to the payment of his services, for before
+      leaving home he had made his will, in which he would find himself fully
+      recompensed in the matter of wages in due proportion to the time he had
+      served; but if God delivered him safe, sound, and unhurt out of that
+      danger, he might look upon the promised island as much more than certain.
+      Sancho began to weep afresh on again hearing the affecting words of his
+      good master, and resolved to stay with him until the final issue and end
+      of the business. From these tears and this honourable resolve of Sancho
+      Panza's the author of this history infers that he must have been of good
+      birth and at least an old Christian; and the feeling he displayed touched
+      his but not so much as to make him show any weakness; on the contrary,
+      hiding what he felt as well as he could, he began to move towards that
+      quarter whence the sound of the water and of the strokes seemed to come.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho followed him on foot, leading by the halter, as his custom was, his
+      ass, his constant comrade in prosperity or adversity; and advancing some
+      distance through the shady chestnut trees they came upon a little meadow
+      at the foot of some high rocks, down which a mighty rush of water flung
+      itself. At the foot of the rocks were some rudely constructed houses
+      looking more like ruins than houses, from among which came, they
+      perceived, the din and clatter of blows, which still continued without
+      intermission. Rocinante took fright at the noise of the water and of the
+      blows, but quieting him Don Quixote advanced step by step towards the
+      houses, commending himself with all his heart to his lady, imploring her
+      support in that dread pass and enterprise, and on the way commending
+      himself to God, too, not to forget him. Sancho who never quitted his side,
+      stretched his neck as far as he could and peered between the legs of
+      Rocinante to see if he could now discover what it was that caused him such
+      fear and apprehension. They went it might be a hundred paces farther, when
+      on turning a corner the true cause, beyond the possibility of any mistake,
+      of that dread-sounding and to them awe-inspiring noise that had kept them
+      all the night in such fear and perplexity, appeared plain and obvious; and
+      it was (if, reader, thou art not disgusted and disappointed) six fulling
+      hammers which by their alternate strokes made all the din.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Don Quixote perceived what it was, he was struck dumb and rigid from
+      head to foot. Sancho glanced at him and saw him with his head bent down
+      upon his breast in manifest mortification; and Don Quixote glanced at
+      Sancho and saw him with his cheeks puffed out and his mouth full of
+      laughter, and evidently ready to explode with it, and in spite of his
+      vexation he could not help laughing at the sight of him; and when Sancho
+      saw his master begin he let go so heartily that he had to hold his sides
+      with both hands to keep himself from bursting with laughter. Four times he
+      stopped, and as many times did his laughter break out afresh with the same
+      violence as at first, whereat Don Quixote grew furious, above all when he
+      heard him say mockingly, "Thou must know, friend Sancho, that of Heaven's
+      will I was born in this our iron age to revive in it the golden or age of
+      gold; I am he for whom are reserved perils, mighty achievements, valiant
+      deeds;" and here he went on repeating the words that Don Quixote uttered
+      the first time they heard the awful strokes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, then, seeing that Sancho was turning him into ridicule, was
+      so mortified and vexed that he lifted up his pike and smote him two such
+      blows that if, instead of catching them on his shoulders, he had caught
+      them on his head there would have been no wages to pay, unless indeed to
+      his heirs. Sancho seeing that he was getting an awkward return in earnest
+      for his jest, and fearing his master might carry it still further, said to
+      him very humbly, "Calm yourself, sir, for by God I am only joking."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, then, if you are joking I am not," replied Don Quixote. "Look here,
+      my lively gentleman, if these, instead of being fulling hammers, had been
+      some perilous adventure, have I not, think you, shown the courage required
+      for the attempt and achievement? Am I, perchance, being, as I am, a
+      gentleman, bound to know and distinguish sounds and tell whether they come
+      from fulling mills or not; and that, when perhaps, as is the case, I have
+      never in my life seen any as you have, low boor as you are, that have been
+      born and bred among them? But turn me these six hammers into six giants,
+      and bring them to beard me, one by one or all together, and if I do not
+      knock them head over heels, then make what mockery you like of me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No more of that, senor," returned Sancho; "I own I went a little too far
+      with the joke. But tell me, your worship, now that peace is made between
+      us (and may God bring you out of all the adventures that may befall you as
+      safe and sound as he has brought you out of this one), was it not a thing
+      to laugh at, and is it not a good story, the great fear we were in?&mdash;at
+      least that I was in; for as to your worship I see now that you neither
+      know nor understand what either fear or dismay is."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not deny," said Don Quixote, "that what happened to us may be worth
+      laughing at, but it is not worth making a story about, for it is not
+      everyone that is shrewd enough to hit the right point of a thing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At any rate," said Sancho, "your worship knew how to hit the right point
+      with your pike, aiming at my head and hitting me on the shoulders, thanks
+      be to God and my own smartness in dodging it. But let that pass; all will
+      come out in the scouring; for I have heard say 'he loves thee well that
+      makes thee weep;' and moreover that it is the way with great lords after
+      any hard words they give a servant to give him a pair of breeches; though
+      I do not know what they give after blows, unless it be that knights-errant
+      after blows give islands, or kingdoms on the mainland."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It may be on the dice," said Don Quixote, "that all thou sayest will come
+      true; overlook the past, for thou art shrewd enough to know that our first
+      movements are not in our own control; and one thing for the future bear in
+      mind, that thou curb and restrain thy loquacity in my company; for in all
+      the books of chivalry that I have read, and they are innumerable, I never
+      met with a squire who talked so much to his lord as thou dost to thine;
+      and in fact I feel it to be a great fault of thine and of mine: of thine,
+      that thou hast so little respect for me; of mine, that I do not make
+      myself more respected. There was Gandalin, the squire of Amadis of Gaul,
+      that was Count of the Insula Firme, and we read of him that he always
+      addressed his lord with his cap in his hand, his head bowed down and his
+      body bent double, more turquesco. And then, what shall we say of Gasabal,
+      the squire of Galaor, who was so silent that in order to indicate to us
+      the greatness of his marvellous taciturnity his name is only once
+      mentioned in the whole of that history, as long as it is truthful? From
+      all I have said thou wilt gather, Sancho, that there must be a difference
+      between master and man, between lord and lackey, between knight and
+      squire: so that from this day forward in our intercourse we must observe
+      more respect and take less liberties, for in whatever way I may be
+      provoked with you it will be bad for the pitcher. The favours and benefits
+      that I have promised you will come in due time, and if they do not your
+      wages at least will not be lost, as I have already told you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that your worship says is very well," said Sancho, "but I should like
+      to know (in case the time of favours should not come, and it might be
+      necessary to fall back upon wages) how much did the squire of a
+      knight-errant get in those days, and did they agree by the month, or by
+      the day like bricklayers?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not believe," replied Don Quixote, "that such squires were ever on
+      wages, but were dependent on favour; and if I have now mentioned thine in
+      the sealed will I have left at home, it was with a view to what may
+      happen; for as yet I know not how chivalry will turn out in these wretched
+      times of ours, and I do not wish my soul to suffer for trifles in the
+      other world; for I would have thee know, Sancho, that in this there is no
+      condition more hazardous than that of adventurers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Sancho, "since the mere noise of the hammers of a
+      fulling mill can disturb and disquiet the heart of such a valiant errant
+      adventurer as your worship; but you may be sure I will not open my lips
+      henceforward to make light of anything of your worship's, but only to
+      honour you as my master and natural lord."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By so doing," replied Don Quixote, "shalt thou live long on the face of
+      the earth; for next to parents, masters are to be respected as though they
+      were parents."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c19e" id="c19e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c19e.jpg (33K)" src="images/c19e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch21" id="ch21"></a>CHAPTER XXI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE EXALTED ADVENTURE AND RICH PRIZE OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET,
+      TOGETHER WITH OTHER THINGS THAT HAPPENED TO OUR INVINCIBLE KNIGHT
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c20a" id="c20a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c20a.jpg (73K)" src="images/c20a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c20a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It now began to rain a little, and Sancho was for going into the fulling
+      mills, but Don Quixote had taken such an abhorrence to them on account of
+      the late joke that he would not enter them on any account; so turning
+      aside to right they came upon another road, different from that which they
+      had taken the night before. Shortly afterwards Don Quixote perceived a man
+      on horseback who wore on his head something that shone like gold, and the
+      moment he saw him he turned to Sancho and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I think, Sancho, there is no proverb that is not true, all being maxims
+      drawn from experience itself, the mother of all the sciences, especially
+      that one that says, 'Where one door shuts, another opens.' I say so
+      because if last night fortune shut the door of the adventure we were
+      looking for against us, cheating us with the fulling mills, it now opens
+      wide another one for another better and more certain adventure, and if I
+      do not contrive to enter it, it will be my own fault, and I cannot lay it
+      to my ignorance of fulling mills, or the darkness of the night. I say this
+      because, if I mistake not, there comes towards us one who wears on his
+      head the helmet of Mambrino, concerning which I took the oath thou
+      rememberest."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mind what you say, your worship, and still more what you do," said
+      Sancho, "for I don't want any more fulling mills to finish off fulling and
+      knocking our senses out."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The devil take thee, man," said Don Quixote; "what has a helmet to do
+      with fulling mills?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know," replied Sancho, "but, faith, if I might speak as I used,
+      perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would see you were
+      mistaken in what you say."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How can I be mistaken in what I say, unbelieving traitor?" returned Don
+      Quixote; "tell me, seest thou not yonder knight coming towards us on a
+      dappled grey steed, who has upon his head a helmet of gold?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What I see and make out," answered Sancho, "is only a man on a grey ass
+      like my own, who has something that shines on his head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, that is the helmet of Mambrino," said Don Quixote; "stand to one
+      side and leave me alone with him; thou shalt see how, without saying a
+      word, to save time, I shall bring this adventure to an issue and possess
+      myself of the helmet I have so longed for."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will take care to stand aside," said Sancho; "but God grant, I say once
+      more, that it may be marjoram and not fulling mills."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have told thee, brother, on no account to mention those fulling mills
+      to me again," said Don Quixote, "or I vow&mdash;and I say no more&mdash;I'll
+      full the soul out of you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho held his peace in dread lest his master should carry out the vow he
+      had hurled like a bowl at him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The fact of the matter as regards the helmet, steed, and knight that Don
+      Quixote saw, was this. In that neighbourhood there were two villages, one
+      of them so small that it had neither apothecary's shop nor barber, which
+      the other that was close to it had, so the barber of the larger served the
+      smaller, and in it there was a sick man who required to be bled and
+      another man who wanted to be shaved, and on this errand the barber was
+      going, carrying with him a brass basin; but as luck would have it, as he
+      was on the way it began to rain, and not to spoil his hat, which probably
+      was a new one, he put the basin on his head, and being clean it glittered
+      at half a league's distance. He rode upon a grey ass, as Sancho said, and
+      this was what made it seem to Don Quixote to be a dapple-grey steed and a
+      knight and a golden helmet; for everything he saw he made to fall in with
+      his crazy chivalry and ill-errant notions; and when he saw the poor knight
+      draw near, without entering into any parley with him, at Rocinante's top
+      speed he bore down upon him with the pike pointed low, fully determined to
+      run him through and through, and as he reached him, without checking the
+      fury of his charge, he cried to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Defend thyself, miserable being, or yield me of thine own accord that
+      which is so reasonably my due."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The barber, who without any expectation or apprehension of it saw this
+      apparition coming down upon him, had no other way of saving himself from
+      the stroke of the lance but to let himself fall off his ass; and no sooner
+      had he touched the ground than he sprang up more nimbly than a deer and
+      sped away across the plain faster than the wind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He left the basin on the ground, with which Don Quixote contented himself,
+      saying that the pagan had shown his discretion and imitated the beaver,
+      which finding itself pressed by the hunters bites and cuts off with its
+      teeth that for which, by its natural instinct, it knows it is pursued.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He told Sancho to pick up the helmet, and he taking it in his hands said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By God the basin is a good one, and worth a real of eight if it is worth
+      a maravedis," and handed it to his master, who immediately put it on his
+      head, turning it round, now this way, now that, in search of fitment, and
+      not finding it he said, "Clearly the pagan to whose measure this famous
+      head-piece was first forged must have had a very large head; but the worst
+      of it is half of it is wanting."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Sancho heard him call the basin a headpiece he was unable to restrain
+      his laughter, but remembering his master's wrath he checked himself in the
+      midst of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What art thou laughing at, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am laughing," said he, "to think of the great head the pagan must have
+      had who owned this helmet, for it looks exactly like a regular barber's
+      basin."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Dost thou know what I suspect, Sancho?" said Don Quixote; "that this
+      wonderful piece of this enchanted helmet must by some strange accident
+      have come into the hands of some one who was unable to recognise or
+      realise its value, and who, not knowing what he did, and seeing it to be
+      of the purest gold, must have melted down one half for the sake of what it
+      might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a barber's basin
+      as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognise it, its
+      transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights at the
+      first village where there is a blacksmith, and in such style that that
+      helmet the god of smithies forged for the god of battles shall not surpass
+      it or even come up to it; and in the meantime I will wear it as well as I
+      can, for something is better than nothing; all the more as it will be
+      quite enough to protect me from any chance blow of a stone."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is," said Sancho, "if it is not shot with a sling as they were in
+      the battle of the two armies, when they signed the cross on your worship's
+      grinders and smashed the flask with that blessed draught that made me
+      vomit my bowels up."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It does not grieve me much to have lost it," said Don Quixote, "for thou
+      knowest, Sancho, that I have the receipt in my memory."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So have I," answered Sancho, "but if ever I make it, or try it again as
+      long as I live, may this be my last hour; moreover, I have no intention of
+      putting myself in the way of wanting it, for I mean, with all my five
+      senses, to keep myself from being wounded or from wounding anyone: as to
+      being blanketed again I say nothing, for it is hard to prevent mishaps of
+      that sort, and if they come there is nothing for it but to squeeze our
+      shoulders together, hold our breath, shut our eyes, and let ourselves go
+      where luck and the blanket may send us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art a bad Christian, Sancho," said Don Quixote on hearing this, "for
+      once an injury has been done thee thou never forgettest it: but know that
+      it is the part of noble and generous hearts not to attach importance to
+      trifles. What lame leg hast thou got by it, what broken rib, what cracked
+      head, that thou canst not forget that jest? For jest and sport it was,
+      properly regarded, and had I not seen it in that light I would have
+      returned and done more mischief in revenging thee than the Greeks did for
+      the rape of Helen, who, if she were alive now, or if my Dulcinea had lived
+      then, might depend upon it she would not be so famous for her beauty as
+      she is;" and here he heaved a sigh and sent it aloft; and said Sancho,
+      "Let it pass for a jest as it cannot be revenged in earnest, but I know
+      what sort of jest and earnest it was, and I know it will never be rubbed
+      out of my memory any more than off my shoulders. But putting that aside,
+      will your worship tell me what are we to do with this dapple-grey steed
+      that looks like a grey ass, which that Martino that your worship overthrew
+      has left deserted here? for, from the way he took to his heels and bolted,
+      he is not likely ever to come back for it; and by my beard but the grey is
+      a good one."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have never been in the habit," said Don Quixote, "of taking spoil of
+      those whom I vanquish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take away
+      their horses and leave them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the
+      victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to take
+      that of the vanquished as a thing won in lawful war; therefore, Sancho,
+      leave this horse, or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be; for when
+      its owner sees us gone hence he will come back for it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God knows I should like to take it," returned Sancho, "or at least to
+      change it for my own, which does not seem to me as good a one: verily the
+      laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretched to let one ass
+      be changed for another; I should like to know if I might at least change
+      trappings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On that head I am not quite certain," answered Don Quixote, "and the
+      matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say thou mayest
+      change them, if so be thou hast urgent need of them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So urgent is it," answered Sancho, "that if they were for my own person I
+      could not want them more;" and forthwith, fortified by this licence, he
+      effected the mutatio capparum, rigging out his beast to the ninety-nines
+      and making quite another thing of it. This done, they broke their fast on
+      the remains of the spoils of war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
+      drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a
+      look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the alarm
+      they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they mounted and,
+      without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being the proper thing
+      for true knights-errant), they set out, guided by Rocinante's will, which
+      carried along with it that of his master, not to say that of the ass,
+      which always followed him wherever he led, lovingly and sociably;
+      nevertheless they returned to the high road, and pursued it at a venture
+      without any other aim.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As they went along, then, in this way Sancho said to his master, "Senor,
+      would your worship give me leave to speak a little to you? For since you
+      laid that hard injunction of silence on me several things have gone to rot
+      in my stomach, and I have now just one on the tip of my tongue that I
+      don't want to be spoiled."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say, on, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and be brief in thy discourse, for
+      there is no pleasure in one that is long."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then, senor," returned Sancho, "I say that for some days past I have
+      been considering how little is got or gained by going in search of these
+      adventures that your worship seeks in these wilds and cross-roads, where,
+      even if the most perilous are victoriously achieved, there is no one to
+      see or know of them, and so they must be left untold for ever, to the loss
+      of your worship's object and the credit they deserve; therefore it seems
+      to me it would be better (saving your worship's better judgment) if we
+      were to go and serve some emperor or other great prince who may have some
+      war on hand, in whose service your worship may prove the worth of your
+      person, your great might, and greater understanding, on perceiving which
+      the lord in whose service we may be will perforce have to reward us, each
+      according to his merits; and there you will not be at a loss for some one
+      to set down your achievements in writing so as to preserve their memory
+      for ever. Of my own I say nothing, as they will not go beyond squirely
+      limits, though I make bold to say that, if it be the practice in chivalry
+      to write the achievements of squires, I think mine must not be left out."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou speakest not amiss, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "but before that
+      point is reached it is requisite to roam the world, as it were on
+      probation, seeking adventures, in order that, by achieving some, name and
+      fame may be acquired, such that when he betakes himself to the court of
+      some great monarch the knight may be already known by his deeds, and that
+      the boys, the instant they see him enter the gate of the city, may all
+      follow him and surround him, crying, 'This is the Knight of the Sun'-or
+      the Serpent, or any other title under which he may have achieved great
+      deeds. 'This,' they will say, 'is he who vanquished in single combat the
+      gigantic Brocabruno of mighty strength; he who delivered the great
+      Mameluke of Persia out of the long enchantment under which he had been for
+      almost nine hundred years.' So from one to another they will go
+      proclaiming his achievements; and presently at the tumult of the boys and
+      the others the king of that kingdom will appear at the windows of his
+      royal palace, and as soon as he beholds the knight, recognising him by his
+      arms and the device on his shield, he will as a matter of course say,
+      'What ho! Forth all ye, the knights of my court, to receive the flower of
+      chivalry who cometh hither!' At which command all will issue forth, and he
+      himself, advancing half-way down the stairs, will embrace him closely, and
+      salute him, kissing him on the cheek, and will then lead him to the
+      queen's chamber, where the knight will find her with the princess her
+      daughter, who will be one of the most beautiful and accomplished damsels
+      that could with the utmost pains be discovered anywhere in the known
+      world. Straightway it will come to pass that she will fix her eyes upon
+      the knight and he his upon her, and each will seem to the other something
+      more divine than human, and, without knowing how or why they will be taken
+      and entangled in the inextricable toils of love, and sorely distressed in
+      their hearts not to see any way of making their pains and sufferings known
+      by speech. Thence they will lead him, no doubt, to some richly adorned
+      chamber of the palace, where, having removed his armour, they will bring
+      him a rich mantle of scarlet wherewith to robe himself, and if he looked
+      noble in his armour he will look still more so in a doublet. When night
+      comes he will sup with the king, queen, and princess; and all the time he
+      will never take his eyes off her, stealing stealthy glances, unnoticed by
+      those present, and she will do the same, and with equal cautiousness,
+      being, as I have said, a damsel of great discretion. The tables being
+      removed, suddenly through the door of the hall there will enter a hideous
+      and diminutive dwarf followed by a fair dame, between two giants, who
+      comes with a certain adventure, the work of an ancient sage; and he who
+      shall achieve it shall be deemed the best knight in the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The king will then command all those present to essay it, and none will
+      bring it to an end and conclusion save the stranger knight, to the great
+      enhancement of his fame, whereat the princess will be overjoyed and will
+      esteem herself happy and fortunate in having fixed and placed her thoughts
+      so high. And the best of it is that this king, or prince, or whatever he
+      is, is engaged in a very bitter war with another as powerful as himself,
+      and the stranger knight, after having been some days at his court,
+      requests leave from him to go and serve him in the said war. The king will
+      grant it very readily, and the knight will courteously kiss his hands for
+      the favour done to him; and that night he will take leave of his lady the
+      princess at the grating of the chamber where she sleeps, which looks upon
+      a garden, and at which he has already many times conversed with her, the
+      go-between and confidante in the matter being a damsel much trusted by the
+      princess. He will sigh, she will swoon, the damsel will fetch water, much
+      distressed because morning approaches, and for the honour of her lady he
+      would not that they were discovered; at last the princess will come to
+      herself and will present her white hands through the grating to the
+      knight, who will kiss them a thousand and a thousand times, bathing them
+      with his tears. It will be arranged between them how they are to inform
+      each other of their good or evil fortunes, and the princess will entreat
+      him to make his absence as short as possible, which he will promise to do
+      with many oaths; once more he kisses her hands, and takes his leave in
+      such grief that he is well-nigh ready to die. He betakes him thence to his
+      chamber, flings himself on his bed, cannot sleep for sorrow at parting,
+      rises early in the morning, goes to take leave of the king, queen, and
+      princess, and, as he takes his leave of the pair, it is told him that the
+      princess is indisposed and cannot receive a visit; the knight thinks it is
+      from grief at his departure, his heart is pierced, and he is hardly able
+      to keep from showing his pain. The confidante is present, observes all,
+      goes to tell her mistress, who listens with tears and says that one of her
+      greatest distresses is not knowing who this knight is, and whether he is
+      of kingly lineage or not; the damsel assures her that so much courtesy,
+      gentleness, and gallantry of bearing as her knight possesses could not
+      exist in any save one who was royal and illustrious; her anxiety is thus
+      relieved, and she strives to be of good cheer lest she should excite
+      suspicion in her parents, and at the end of two days she appears in
+      public. Meanwhile the knight has taken his departure; he fights in the
+      war, conquers the king's enemy, wins many cities, triumphs in many
+      battles, returns to the court, sees his lady where he was wont to see her,
+      and it is agreed that he shall demand her in marriage of her parents as
+      the reward of his services; the king is unwilling to give her, as he knows
+      not who he is, but nevertheless, whether carried off or in whatever other
+      way it may be, the princess comes to be his bride, and her father comes to
+      regard it as very good fortune; for it so happens that this knight is
+      proved to be the son of a valiant king of some kingdom, I know not what,
+      for I fancy it is not likely to be on the map. The father dies, the
+      princess inherits, and in two words the knight becomes king. And here
+      comes in at once the bestowal of rewards upon his squire and all who have
+      aided him in rising to so exalted a rank. He marries his squire to a
+      damsel of the princess's, who will be, no doubt, the one who was
+      confidante in their amour, and is daughter of a very great duke."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That's what I want, and no mistake about it!" said Sancho. "That's what
+      I'm waiting for; for all this, word for word, is in store for your worship
+      under the title of the Knight of the Rueful Countenance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou needst not doubt it, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "for in the same
+      manner, and by the same steps as I have described here, knights-errant
+      rise and have risen to be kings and emperors; all we want now is to find
+      out what king, Christian or pagan, is at war and has a beautiful daughter;
+      but there will be time enough to think of that, for, as I have told thee,
+      fame must be won in other quarters before repairing to the court. There is
+      another thing, too, that is wanting; for supposing we find a king who is
+      at war and has a beautiful daughter, and that I have won incredible fame
+      throughout the universe, I know not how it can be made out that I am of
+      royal lineage, or even second cousin to an emperor; for the king will not
+      be willing to give me his daughter in marriage unless he is first
+      thoroughly satisfied on this point, however much my famous deeds may
+      deserve it; so that by this deficiency I fear I shall lose what my arm has
+      fairly earned. True it is I am a gentleman of known house, of estate and
+      property, and entitled to the five hundred sueldos mulct; and it may be
+      that the sage who shall write my history will so clear up my ancestry and
+      pedigree that I may find myself fifth or sixth in descent from a king; for
+      I would have thee know, Sancho, that there are two kinds of lineages in
+      the world; some there be tracing and deriving their descent from kings and
+      princes, whom time has reduced little by little until they end in a point
+      like a pyramid upside down; and others who spring from the common herd and
+      go on rising step by step until they come to be great lords; so that the
+      difference is that the one were what they no longer are, and the others
+      are what they formerly were not. And I may be of such that after
+      investigation my origin may prove great and famous, with which the king,
+      my father-in-law that is to be, ought to be satisfied; and should he not
+      be, the princess will so love me that even though she well knew me to be
+      the son of a water-carrier, she will take me for her lord and husband in
+      spite of her father; if not, then it comes to seizing her and carrying her
+      off where I please; for time or death will put an end to the wrath of her
+      parents."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It comes to this, too," said Sancho, "what some naughty people say,
+      'Never ask as a favour what thou canst take by force;' though it would fit
+      better to say, 'A clear escape is better than good men's prayers.' I say
+      so because if my lord the king, your worship's father-in-law, will not
+      condescend to give you my lady the princess, there is nothing for it but,
+      as your worship says, to seize her and transport her. But the mischief is
+      that until peace is made and you come into the peaceful enjoyment of your
+      kingdom, the poor squire is famishing as far as rewards go, unless it be
+      that the confidante damsel that is to be his wife comes with the princess,
+      and that with her he tides over his bad luck until Heaven otherwise orders
+      things; for his master, I suppose, may as well give her to him at once for
+      a lawful wife."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nobody can object to that," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then since that may be," said Sancho, "there is nothing for it but to
+      commend ourselves to God, and let fortune take what course it will."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God guide it according to my wishes and thy wants," said Don Quixote,
+      "and mean be he who thinks himself mean."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In God's name let him be so," said Sancho: "I am an old Christian, and to
+      fit me for a count that's enough."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And more than enough for thee," said Don Quixote; "and even wert thou
+      not, it would make no difference, because I being the king can easily give
+      thee nobility without purchase or service rendered by thee, for when I
+      make thee a count, then thou art at once a gentleman; and they may say
+      what they will, but by my faith they will have to call thee 'your
+      lordship,' whether they like it or not."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Not a doubt of it; and I'll know how to support the tittle," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Title thou shouldst say, not tittle," said his master.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So be it," answered Sancho. "I say I will know how to behave, for once in
+      my life I was beadle of a brotherhood, and the beadle's gown sat so well
+      on me that all said I looked as if I was to be steward of the same
+      brotherhood. What will it be, then, when I put a duke's robe on my back,
+      or dress myself in gold and pearls like a count? I believe they'll come a
+      hundred leagues to see me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou wilt look well," said Don Quixote, "but thou must shave thy beard
+      often, for thou hast it so thick and rough and unkempt, that if thou dost
+      not shave it every second day at least, they will see what thou art at the
+      distance of a musket shot."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What more will it be," said Sancho, "than having a barber, and keeping
+      him at wages in the house? and even if it be necessary, I will make him go
+      behind me like a nobleman's equerry."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why, how dost thou know that noblemen have equerries behind them?" asked
+      Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will tell you," answered Sancho. "Years ago I was for a month at the
+      capital and there I saw taking the air a very small gentleman who they
+      said was a very great man, and a man following him on horseback in every
+      turn he took, just as if he was his tail. I asked why this man did not
+      join the other man, instead of always going behind him; they answered me
+      that he was his equerry, and that it was the custom with nobles to have
+      such persons behind them, and ever since then I know it, for I have never
+      forgotten it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art right," said Don Quixote, "and in the same way thou mayest carry
+      thy barber with thee, for customs did not come into use all together, nor
+      were they all invented at once, and thou mayest be the first count to have
+      a barber to follow him; and, indeed, shaving one's beard is a greater
+      trust than saddling one's horse."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let the barber business be my look-out," said Sancho; "and your worship's
+      be it to strive to become a king, and make me a count."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it shall be," answered Don Quixote, and raising his eyes he saw what
+      will be told in the following chapter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c20e" id="c20e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c20e.jpg (18K)" src="images/c20e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch22" id="ch22"></a>CHAPTER XXII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE FREEDOM DON QUIXOTE CONFERRED ON SEVERAL UNFORTUNATES WHO AGAINST
+      THEIR WILL WERE BEING CARRIED WHERE THEY HAD NO WISH TO GO
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c22a" id="c22a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c22a.jpg (178K)" src="images/c22a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c22a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cid Hamete Benengeli, the Arab and Manchegan author, relates in this most
+      grave, high-sounding, minute, delightful, and original history that after
+      the discussion between the famous Don Quixote of La Mancha and his squire
+      Sancho Panza which is set down at the end of chapter twenty-one, Don
+      Quixote raised his eyes and saw coming along the road he was following
+      some dozen men on foot strung together by the neck, like beads, on a great
+      iron chain, and all with manacles on their hands. With them there came
+      also two men on horseback and two on foot; those on horseback with
+      wheel-lock muskets, those on foot with javelins and swords, and as soon as
+      Sancho saw them he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is a chain of galley slaves, on the way to the galleys by force of
+      the king's orders."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How by force?" asked Don Quixote; "is it possible that the king uses
+      force against anyone?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not say that," answered Sancho, "but that these are people condemned
+      for their crimes to serve by force in the king's galleys."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In fact," replied Don Quixote, "however it may be, these people are going
+      where they are taking them by force, and not of their own will."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Just so," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then if so," said Don Quixote, "here is a case for the exercise of my
+      office, to put down force and to succour and help the wretched."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Recollect, your worship," said Sancho, "Justice, which is the king
+      himself, is not using force or doing wrong to such persons, but punishing
+      them for their crimes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The chain of galley slaves had by this time come up, and Don Quixote in
+      very courteous language asked those who were in custody of it to be good
+      enough to tell him the reason or reasons for which they were conducting
+      these people in this manner. One of the guards on horseback answered that
+      they were galley slaves belonging to his majesty, that they were going to
+      the galleys, and that was all that was to be said and all he had any
+      business to know.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c22b" id="c22b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c22b.jpg (298K)" src="images/c22b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c22b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," replied Don Quixote, "I should like to know from each of
+      them separately the reason of his misfortune;" to this he added more to
+      the same effect to induce them to tell him what he wanted so civilly that
+      the other mounted guard said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Though we have here the register and certificate of the sentence of every
+      one of these wretches, this is no time to take them out or read them; come
+      and ask themselves; they can tell if they choose, and they will, for these
+      fellows take a pleasure in doing and talking about rascalities."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this permission, which Don Quixote would have taken even had they not
+      granted it, he approached the chain and asked the first for what offences
+      he was now in such a sorry case.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He made answer that it was for being a lover.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For that only?" replied Don Quixote; "why, if for being lovers they send
+      people to the galleys I might have been rowing in them long ago."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The love is not the sort your worship is thinking of," said the galley
+      slave; "mine was that I loved a washerwoman's basket of clean linen so
+      well, and held it so close in my embrace, that if the arm of the law had
+      not forced it from me, I should never have let it go of my own will to
+      this moment; I was caught in the act, there was no occasion for torture,
+      the case was settled, they treated me to a hundred lashes on the back, and
+      three years of gurapas besides, and that was the end of it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What are gurapas?" asked Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gurapas are galleys," answered the galley slave, who was a young man of
+      about four-and-twenty, and said he was a native of Piedrahita.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote asked the same question of the second, who made no reply, so
+      downcast and melancholy was he; but the first answered for him, and said,
+      "He, sir, goes as a canary, I mean as a musician and a singer."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What!" said Don Quixote, "for being musicians and singers are people sent
+      to the galleys too?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, sir," answered the galley slave, "for there is nothing worse than
+      singing under suffering."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On the contrary, I have heard say," said Don Quixote, "that he who sings
+      scares away his woes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here it is the reverse," said the galley slave; "for he who sings once
+      weeps all his life."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not understand it," said Don Quixote; but one of the guards said to
+      him, "Sir, to sing under suffering means with the non sancta fraternity to
+      confess under torture; they put this sinner to the torture and he
+      confessed his crime, which was being a cuatrero, that is a cattle-stealer,
+      and on his confession they sentenced him to six years in the galleys,
+      besides two hundred lashes that he has already had on the back; and he is
+      always dejected and downcast because the other thieves that were left
+      behind and that march here ill-treat, and snub, and jeer, and despise him
+      for confessing and not having spirit enough to say nay; for, say they,
+      'nay' has no more letters in it than 'yea,' and a culprit is well off when
+      life or death with him depends on his own tongue and not on that of
+      witnesses or evidence; and to my thinking they are not very far out."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And I think so too," answered Don Quixote; then passing on to the third
+      he asked him what he had asked the others, and the man answered very
+      readily and unconcernedly, "I am going for five years to their ladyships
+      the gurapas for the want of ten ducats."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will give twenty with pleasure to get you out of that trouble," said
+      Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That," said the galley slave, "is like a man having money at sea when he
+      is dying of hunger and has no way of buying what he wants; I say so
+      because if at the right time I had had those twenty ducats that your
+      worship now offers me, I would have greased the notary's pen and freshened
+      up the attorney's wit with them, so that to-day I should be in the middle
+      of the plaza of the Zocodover at Toledo, and not on this road coupled like
+      a greyhound. But God is great; patience&mdash;there, that's enough of it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote passed on to the fourth, a man of venerable aspect with a
+      white beard falling below his breast, who on hearing himself asked the
+      reason of his being there began to weep without answering a word, but the
+      fifth acted as his tongue and said, "This worthy man is going to the
+      galleys for four years, after having gone the rounds in ceremony and on
+      horseback."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That means," said Sancho Panza, "as I take it, to have been exposed to
+      shame in public."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Just so," replied the galley slave, "and the offence for which they gave
+      him that punishment was having been an ear-broker, nay body-broker; I
+      mean, in short, that this gentleman goes as a pimp, and for having besides
+      a certain touch of the sorcerer about him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If that touch had not been thrown in," said Don Quixote, "he would not
+      deserve, for mere pimping, to row in the galleys, but rather to command
+      and be admiral of them; for the office of pimp is no ordinary one, being
+      the office of persons of discretion, one very necessary in a well-ordered
+      state, and only to be exercised by persons of good birth; nay, there ought
+      to be an inspector and overseer of them, as in other offices, and
+      recognised number, as with the brokers on change; in this way many of the
+      evils would be avoided which are caused by this office and calling being
+      in the hands of stupid and ignorant people, such as women more or less
+      silly, and pages and jesters of little standing and experience, who on the
+      most urgent occasions, and when ingenuity of contrivance is needed, let
+      the crumbs freeze on the way to their mouths, and know not which is their
+      right hand. I should like to go farther, and give reasons to show that it
+      is advisable to choose those who are to hold so necessary an office in the
+      state, but this is not the fit place for it; some day I will expound the
+      matter to some one able to see to and rectify it; all I say now is, that
+      the additional fact of his being a sorcerer has removed the sorrow it gave
+      me to see these white hairs and this venerable countenance in so painful a
+      position on account of his being a pimp; though I know well there are no
+      sorceries in the world that can move or compel the will as some simple
+      folk fancy, for our will is free, nor is there herb or charm that can
+      force it. All that certain silly women and quacks do is to turn men mad
+      with potions and poisons, pretending that they have power to cause love,
+      for, as I say, it is an impossibility to compel the will."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is true," said the good old man, "and indeed, sir, as far as the
+      charge of sorcery goes I was not guilty; as to that of being a pimp I
+      cannot deny it; but I never thought I was doing any harm by it, for my
+      only object was that all the world should enjoy itself and live in peace
+      and quiet, without quarrels or troubles; but my good intentions were
+      unavailing to save me from going where I never expect to come back from,
+      with this weight of years upon me and a urinary ailment that never gives
+      me a moment's ease;" and again he fell to weeping as before, and such
+      compassion did Sancho feel for him that he took out a real of four from
+      his bosom and gave it to him in alms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote went on and asked another what his crime was, and the man
+      answered with no less but rather much more sprightliness than the last
+      one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am here because I carried the joke too far with a couple of cousins of
+      mine, and with a couple of other cousins who were none of mine; in short,
+      I carried the joke so far with them all that it ended in such a
+      complicated increase of kindred that no accountant could make it clear: it
+      was all proved against me, I got no favour, I had no money, I was near
+      having my neck stretched, they sentenced me to the galleys for six years,
+      I accepted my fate, it is the punishment of my fault; I am a young man;
+      let life only last, and with that all will come right. If you, sir, have
+      anything wherewith to help the poor, God will repay it to you in heaven,
+      and we on earth will take care in our petitions to him to pray for the
+      life and health of your worship, that they may be as long and as good as
+      your amiable appearance deserves."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This one was in the dress of a student, and one of the guards said he was
+      a great talker and a very elegant Latin scholar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Behind all these there came a man of thirty, a very personable fellow,
+      except that when he looked, his eyes turned in a little one towards the
+      other. He was bound differently from the rest, for he had to his leg a
+      chain so long that it was wound all round his body, and two rings on his
+      neck, one attached to the chain, the other to what they call a
+      "keep-friend" or "friend's foot," from which hung two irons reaching to
+      his waist with two manacles fixed to them in which his hands were secured
+      by a big padlock, so that he could neither raise his hands to his mouth
+      nor lower his head to his hands. Don Quixote asked why this man carried so
+      many more chains than the others. The guard replied that it was because he
+      alone had committed more crimes than all the rest put together, and was so
+      daring and such a villain, that though they marched him in that fashion
+      they did not feel sure of him, but were in dread of his making his escape.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What crimes can he have committed," said Don Quixote, "if they have not
+      deserved a heavier punishment than being sent to the galleys?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He goes for ten years," replied the guard, "which is the same thing as
+      civil death, and all that need be said is that this good fellow is the
+      famous Gines de Pasamonte, otherwise called Ginesillo de Parapilla."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gently, senor commissary," said the galley slave at this, "let us have no
+      fixing of names or surnames; my name is Gines, not Ginesillo, and my
+      family name is Pasamonte, not Parapilla as you say; let each one mind his
+      own business, and he will be doing enough."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Speak with less impertinence, master thief of extra measure," replied the
+      commissary, "if you don't want me to make you hold your tongue in spite of
+      your teeth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is easy to see," returned the galley slave, "that man goes as God
+      pleases, but some one shall know some day whether I am called Ginesillo de
+      Parapilla or not."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Don't they call you so, you liar?" said the guard.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They do," returned Gines, "but I will make them give over calling me so,
+      or I will be shaved, where, I only say behind my teeth. If you, sir, have
+      anything to give us, give it to us at once, and God speed you, for you are
+      becoming tiresome with all this inquisitiveness about the lives of others;
+      if you want to know about mine, let me tell you I am Gines de Pasamonte,
+      whose life is written by these fingers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He says true," said the commissary, "for he has himself written his story
+      as grand as you please, and has left the book in the prison in pawn for
+      two hundred reals."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And I mean to take it out of pawn," said Gines, "though it were in for
+      two hundred ducats."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Is it so good?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So good is it," replied Gines, "that a fig for 'Lazarillo de Tormes,' and
+      all of that kind that have been written, or shall be written compared with
+      it: all I will say about it is that it deals with facts, and facts so neat
+      and diverting that no lies could match them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And how is the book entitled?" asked Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The 'Life of Gines de Pasamonte,'" replied the subject of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And is it finished?" asked Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How can it be finished," said the other, "when my life is not yet
+      finished? All that is written is from my birth down to the point when they
+      sent me to the galleys this last time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then you have been there before?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In the service of God and the king I have been there for four years
+      before now, and I know by this time what the biscuit and courbash are
+      like," replied Gines; "and it is no great grievance to me to go back to
+      them, for there I shall have time to finish my book; I have still many
+      things left to say, and in the galleys of Spain there is more than enough
+      leisure; though I do not want much for what I have to write, for I have it
+      by heart."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You seem a clever fellow," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And an unfortunate one," replied Gines, "for misfortune always persecutes
+      good wit."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It persecutes rogues," said the commissary.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I told you already to go gently, master commissary," said Pasamonte;
+      "their lordships yonder never gave you that staff to ill-treat us wretches
+      here, but to conduct and take us where his majesty orders you; if not, by
+      the life of-never mind-; it may be that some day the stains made in the
+      inn will come out in the scouring; let everyone hold his tongue and behave
+      well and speak better; and now let us march on, for we have had quite
+      enough of this entertainment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The commissary lifted his staff to strike Pasamonte in return for his
+      threats, but Don Quixote came between them, and begged him not to ill-use
+      him, as it was not too much to allow one who had his hands tied to have
+      his tongue a trifle free; and turning to the whole chain of them he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From all you have told me, dear brethren, make out clearly that though
+      they have punished you for your faults, the punishments you are about to
+      endure do not give you much pleasure, and that you go to them very much
+      against the grain and against your will, and that perhaps this one's want
+      of courage under torture, that one's want of money, the other's want of
+      advocacy, and lastly the perverted judgment of the judge may have been the
+      cause of your ruin and of your failure to obtain the justice you had on
+      your side. All which presents itself now to my mind, urging, persuading,
+      and even compelling me to demonstrate in your case the purpose for which
+      Heaven sent me into the world and caused me to make profession of the
+      order of chivalry to which I belong, and the vow I took therein to give
+      aid to those in need and under the oppression of the strong. But as I know
+      that it is a mark of prudence not to do by foul means what may be done by
+      fair, I will ask these gentlemen, the guards and commissary, to be so good
+      as to release you and let you go in peace, as there will be no lack of
+      others to serve the king under more favourable circumstances; for it seems
+      to me a hard case to make slaves of those whom God and nature have made
+      free. Moreover, sirs of the guard," added Don Quixote, "these poor fellows
+      have done nothing to you; let each answer for his own sins yonder; there
+      is a God in Heaven who will not forget to punish the wicked or reward the
+      good; and it is not fitting that honest men should be the instruments of
+      punishment to others, they being therein no way concerned. This request I
+      make thus gently and quietly, that, if you comply with it, I may have
+      reason for thanking you; and, if you will not voluntarily, this lance and
+      sword together with the might of my arm shall compel you to comply with it
+      by force."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nice nonsense!" said the commissary; "a fine piece of pleasantry he has
+      come out with at last! He wants us to let the king's prisoners go, as if
+      we had any authority to release them, or he to order us to do so! Go your
+      way, sir, and good luck to you; put that basin straight that you've got on
+      your head, and don't go looking for three feet on a cat."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'Tis you that are the cat, rat, and rascal," replied Don Quixote, and
+      acting on the word he fell upon him so suddenly that without giving him
+      time to defend himself he brought him to the ground sorely wounded with a
+      lance-thrust; and lucky it was for him that it was the one that had the
+      musket. The other guards stood thunderstruck and amazed at this unexpected
+      event, but recovering presence of mind, those on horseback seized their
+      swords, and those on foot their javelins, and attacked Don Quixote, who
+      was waiting for them with great calmness; and no doubt it would have gone
+      badly with him if the galley slaves, seeing the chance before them of
+      liberating themselves, had not effected it by contriving to break the
+      chain on which they were strung. Such was the confusion, that the guards,
+      now rushing at the galley slaves who were breaking loose, now to attack
+      Don Quixote who was waiting for them, did nothing at all that was of any
+      use. Sancho, on his part, gave a helping hand to release Gines de
+      Pasamonte, who was the first to leap forth upon the plain free and
+      unfettered, and who, attacking the prostrate commissary, took from him his
+      sword and the musket, with which, aiming at one and levelling at another,
+      he, without ever discharging it, drove every one of the guards off the
+      field, for they took to flight, as well to escape Pasamonte's musket, as
+      the showers of stones the now released galley slaves were raining upon
+      them. Sancho was greatly grieved at the affair, because he anticipated
+      that those who had fled would report the matter to the Holy Brotherhood,
+      who at the summons of the alarm-bell would at once sally forth in quest of
+      the offenders; and he said so to his master, and entreated him to leave
+      the place at once, and go into hiding in the sierra that was close by.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is all very well," said Don Quixote, "but I know what must be done
+      now;" and calling together all the galley slaves, who were now running
+      riot, and had stripped the commissary to the skin, he collected them round
+      him to hear what he had to say, and addressed them as follows: "To be
+      grateful for benefits received is the part of persons of good birth, and
+      one of the sins most offensive to God is ingratitude; I say so because,
+      sirs, ye have already seen by manifest proof the benefit ye have received
+      of me; in return for which I desire, and it is my good pleasure that,
+      laden with that chain which I have taken off your necks, ye at once set
+      out and proceed to the city of El Toboso, and there present yourselves
+      before the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and say to her that her knight, he of
+      the Rueful Countenance, sends to commend himself to her; and that ye
+      recount to her in full detail all the particulars of this notable
+      adventure, up to the recovery of your longed-for liberty; and this done ye
+      may go where ye will, and good fortune attend you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Gines de Pasamonte made answer for all, saying, "That which you, sir, our
+      deliverer, demand of us, is of all impossibilities the most impossible to
+      comply with, because we cannot go together along the roads, but only
+      singly and separate, and each one his own way, endeavouring to hide
+      ourselves in the bowels of the earth to escape the Holy Brotherhood,
+      which, no doubt, will come out in search of us. What your worship may do,
+      and fairly do, is to change this service and tribute as regards the lady
+      Dulcinea del Toboso for a certain quantity of ave-marias and credos which
+      we will say for your worship's intention, and this is a condition that can
+      be complied with by night as by day, running or resting, in peace or in
+      war; but to imagine that we are going now to return to the flesh-pots of
+      Egypt, I mean to take up our chain and set out for El Toboso, is to
+      imagine that it is now night, though it is not yet ten in the morning, and
+      to ask this of us is like asking pears of the elm tree."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then by all that's good," said Don Quixote (now stirred to wrath), "Don
+      son of a bitch, Don Ginesillo de Paropillo, or whatever your name is, you
+      will have to go yourself alone, with your tail between your legs and the
+      whole chain on your back."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Pasamonte, who was anything but meek (being by this time thoroughly
+      convinced that Don Quixote was not quite right in his head as he had
+      committed such a vagary as to set them free), finding himself abused in
+      this fashion, gave the wink to his companions, and falling back they began
+      to shower stones on Don Quixote at such a rate that he was quite unable to
+      protect himself with his buckler, and poor Rocinante no more heeded the
+      spur than if he had been made of brass. Sancho planted himself behind his
+      ass, and with him sheltered himself from the hailstorm that poured on both
+      of them. Don Quixote was unable to shield himself so well but that more
+      pebbles than I could count struck him full on the body with such force
+      that they brought him to the ground; and the instant he fell the student
+      pounced upon him, snatched the basin from his head, and with it struck
+      three or four blows on his shoulders, and as many more on the ground,
+      knocking it almost to pieces. They then stripped him of a jacket that he
+      wore over his armour, and they would have stripped off his stockings if
+      his greaves had not prevented them. From Sancho they took his coat,
+      leaving him in his shirt-sleeves; and dividing among themselves the
+      remaining spoils of the battle, they went each one his own way, more
+      solicitous about keeping clear of the Holy Brotherhood they dreaded, than
+      about burdening themselves with the chain, or going to present themselves
+      before the lady Dulcinea del Toboso. The ass and Rocinante, Sancho and Don
+      Quixote, were all that were left upon the spot; the ass with drooping
+      head, serious, shaking his ears from time to time as if he thought the
+      storm of stones that assailed them was not yet over; Rocinante stretched
+      beside his master, for he too had been brought to the ground by a stone;
+      Sancho stripped, and trembling with fear of the Holy Brotherhood; and Don
+      Quixote fuming to find himself so served by the very persons for whom he
+      had done so much.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c22e" id="c22e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c22e.jpg (44K)" src="images/c22e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch23" id="ch23"></a>CHAPTER XXIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE IN THE SIERRA MORENA, WHICH WAS ONE OF THE
+      RAREST ADVENTURES RELATED IN THIS VERACIOUS HISTORY
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23a" id="c23a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23a.jpg (148K)" src="images/c23a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing himself served in this way, Don Quixote said to his squire, "I have
+      always heard it said, Sancho, that to do good to boors is to throw water
+      into the sea. If I had believed thy words, I should have avoided this
+      trouble; but it is done now, it is only to have patience and take warning
+      for the future."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23b" id="c23b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23b.jpg (318K)" src="images/c23b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your worship will take warning as much as I am a Turk," returned Sancho;
+      "but, as you say this mischief might have been avoided if you had believed
+      me, believe me now, and a still greater one will be avoided; for I tell
+      you chivalry is of no account with the Holy Brotherhood, and they don't
+      care two maravedis for all the knights-errant in the world; and I can tell
+      you I fancy I hear their arrows whistling past my ears this minute."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art a coward by nature, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "but lest thou
+      shouldst say I am obstinate, and that I never do as thou dost advise, this
+      once I will take thy advice, and withdraw out of reach of that fury thou
+      so dreadest; but it must be on one condition, that never, in life or in
+      death, thou art to say to anyone that I retired or withdrew from this
+      danger out of fear, but only in compliance with thy entreaties; for if
+      thou sayest otherwise thou wilt lie therein, and from this time to that,
+      and from that to this, I give thee lie, and say thou liest and wilt lie
+      every time thou thinkest or sayest it; and answer me not again; for at the
+      mere thought that I am withdrawing or retiring from any danger, above all
+      from this, which does seem to carry some little shadow of fear with it, I
+      am ready to take my stand here and await alone, not only that Holy
+      Brotherhood you talk of and dread, but the brothers of the twelve tribes
+      of Israel, and the Seven Maccabees, and Castor and Pollux, and all the
+      brothers and brotherhoods in the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor," replied Sancho, "to retire is not to flee, and there is no wisdom
+      in waiting when danger outweighs hope, and it is the part of wise men to
+      preserve themselves to-day for to-morrow, and not risk all in one day; and
+      let me tell you, though I am a clown and a boor, I have got some notion of
+      what they call safe conduct; so repent not of having taken my advice, but
+      mount Rocinante if you can, and if not I will help you; and follow me, for
+      my mother-wit tells me we have more need of legs than hands just now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote mounted without replying, and, Sancho leading the way on his
+      ass, they entered the side of the Sierra Morena, which was close by, as it
+      was Sancho's design to cross it entirely and come out again at El Viso or
+      Almodovar del Campo, and hide for some days among its crags so as to
+      escape the search of the Brotherhood should they come to look for them. He
+      was encouraged in this by perceiving that the stock of provisions carried
+      by the ass had come safe out of the fray with the galley slaves, a
+      circumstance that he regarded as a miracle, seeing how they pillaged and
+      ransacked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23c" id="c23c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23c.jpg (297K)" src="images/c23c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That night they reached the very heart of the Sierra Morena, where it
+      seemed prudent to Sancho to pass the night and even some days, at least as
+      many as the stores he carried might last, and so they encamped between two
+      rocks and among some cork trees; but fatal destiny, which, according to
+      the opinion of those who have not the light of the true faith, directs,
+      arranges, and settles everything in its own way, so ordered it that Gines
+      de Pasamonte, the famous knave and thief who by the virtue and madness of
+      Don Quixote had been released from the chain, driven by fear of the Holy
+      Brotherhood, which he had good reason to dread, resolved to take hiding in
+      the mountains; and his fate and fear led him to the same spot to which Don
+      Quixote and Sancho Panza had been led by theirs, just in time to recognise
+      them and leave them to fall asleep: and as the wicked are always
+      ungrateful, and necessity leads to evildoing, and immediate advantage
+      overcomes all considerations of the future, Gines, who was neither
+      grateful nor well-principled, made up his mind to steal Sancho Panza's
+      ass, not troubling himself about Rocinante, as being a prize that was no
+      good either to pledge or sell. While Sancho slept he stole his ass, and
+      before day dawned he was far out of reach.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23d" id="c23d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23d.jpg (256K)" src="images/c23d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Aurora made her appearance bringing gladness to the earth but sadness to
+      Sancho Panza, for he found that his Dapple was missing, and seeing himself
+      bereft of him he began the saddest and most doleful lament in the world,
+      so loud that Don Quixote awoke at his exclamations and heard him saying,
+      "O son of my bowels, born in my very house, my children's plaything, my
+      wife's joy, the envy of my neighbours, relief of my burdens, and lastly,
+      half supporter of myself, for with the six-and-twenty maravedis thou didst
+      earn me daily I met half my charges."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, when he heard the lament and learned the cause, consoled
+      Sancho with the best arguments he could, entreating him to be patient, and
+      promising to give him a letter of exchange ordering three out of five
+      ass-colts that he had at home to be given to him. Sancho took comfort at
+      this, dried his tears, suppressed his sobs, and returned thanks for the
+      kindness shown him by Don Quixote. He on his part was rejoiced to the
+      heart on entering the mountains, as they seemed to him to be just the
+      place for the adventures he was in quest of. They brought back to his
+      memory the marvellous adventures that had befallen knights-errant in like
+      solitudes and wilds, and he went along reflecting on these things, so
+      absorbed and carried away by them that he had no thought for anything
+      else.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23e" id="c23e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23e.jpg (280K)" src="images/c23e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nor had Sancho any other care (now that he fancied he was travelling in a
+      safe quarter) than to satisfy his appetite with such remains as were left
+      of the clerical spoils, and so he marched behind his master laden with
+      what Dapple used to carry, emptying the sack and packing his paunch, and
+      so long as he could go that way, he would not have given a farthing to
+      meet with another adventure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While so engaged he raised his eyes and saw that his master had halted,
+      and was trying with the point of his pike to lift some bulky object that
+      lay upon the ground, on which he hastened to join him and help him if it
+      were needful, and reached him just as with the point of the pike he was
+      raising a saddle-pad with a valise attached to it, half or rather wholly
+      rotten and torn; but so heavy were they that Sancho had to help to take
+      them up, and his master directed him to see what the valise contained.
+      Sancho did so with great alacrity, and though the valise was secured by a
+      chain and padlock, from its torn and rotten condition he was able to see
+      its contents, which were four shirts of fine holland, and other articles
+      of linen no less curious than clean; and in a handkerchief he found a good
+      lot of gold crowns, and as soon as he saw them he exclaimed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Blessed be all Heaven for sending us an adventure that is good for
+      something!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Searching further he found a little memorandum book richly bound; this Don
+      Quixote asked of him, telling him to take the money and keep it for
+      himself. Sancho kissed his hands for the favour, and cleared the valise of
+      its linen, which he stowed away in the provision sack. Considering the
+      whole matter, Don Quixote observed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It seems to me, Sancho&mdash;and it is impossible it can be otherwise&mdash;that
+      some strayed traveller must have crossed this sierra and been attacked and
+      slain by footpads, who brought him to this remote spot to bury him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That cannot be," answered Sancho, "because if they had been robbers they
+      would not have left this money."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art right," said Don Quixote, "and I cannot guess or explain what
+      this may mean; but stay; let us see if in this memorandum book there is
+      anything written by which we may be able to trace out or discover what we
+      want to know."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He opened it, and the first thing he found in it, written roughly but in a
+      very good hand, was a sonnet, and reading it aloud that Sancho might hear
+      it, he found that it ran as follows:
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+Or Love is lacking in intelligence,
+  Or to the height of cruelty attains,
+  Or else it is my doom to suffer pains
+Beyond the measure due to my offence.
+But if Love be a God, it follows thence
+  That he knows all, and certain it remains
+  No God loves cruelty; then who ordains
+This penance that enthrals while it torments?
+It were a falsehood, Chloe, thee to name;
+  Such evil with such goodness cannot live;
+And against Heaven I dare not charge the blame,
+  I only know it is my fate to die.
+  To him who knows not whence his malady
+  A miracle alone a cure can give.
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23f" id="c23f"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23f.jpg (344K)" src="images/c23f.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23f.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is nothing to be learned from that rhyme," said Sancho, "unless by
+      that clue there's in it, one may draw out the ball of the whole matter."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What clue is there?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I thought your worship spoke of a clue in it," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I only said Chloe," replied Don Quixote; "and that no doubt, is the name
+      of the lady of whom the author of the sonnet complains; and, faith, he
+      must be a tolerable poet, or I know little of the craft."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then your worship understands rhyming too?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And better than thou thinkest," replied Don Quixote, "as thou shalt see
+      when thou carriest a letter written in verse from beginning to end to my
+      lady Dulcinea del Toboso, for I would have thee know, Sancho, that all or
+      most of the knights-errant in days of yore were great troubadours and
+      great musicians, for both of these accomplishments, or more properly
+      speaking gifts, are the peculiar property of lovers-errant: true it is
+      that the verses of the knights of old have more spirit than neatness in
+      them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Read more, your worship," said Sancho, "and you will find something that
+      will enlighten us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote turned the page and said, "This is prose and seems to be a
+      letter."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A correspondence letter, senor?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From the beginning it seems to be a love letter," replied Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then let your worship read it aloud," said Sancho, "for I am very fond of
+      love matters."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said Don Quixote, and reading it aloud as Sancho had
+      requested him, he found it ran thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thy false promise and my sure misfortune carry me to a place whence the
+      news of my death will reach thy ears before the words of my complaint.
+      Ungrateful one, thou hast rejected me for one more wealthy, but not more
+      worthy; but if virtue were esteemed wealth I should neither envy the
+      fortunes of others nor weep for misfortunes of my own. What thy beauty
+      raised up thy deeds have laid low; by it I believed thee to be an angel,
+      by them I know thou art a woman. Peace be with thee who hast sent war to
+      me, and Heaven grant that the deceit of thy husband be ever hidden from
+      thee, so that thou repent not of what thou hast done, and I reap not a
+      revenge I would not have.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When he had finished the letter, Don Quixote said, "There is less to be
+      gathered from this than from the verses, except that he who wrote it is
+      some rejected lover;" and turning over nearly all the pages of the book he
+      found more verses and letters, some of which he could read, while others
+      he could not; but they were all made up of complaints, laments,
+      misgivings, desires and aversions, favours and rejections, some rapturous,
+      some doleful. While Don Quixote examined the book, Sancho examined the
+      valise, not leaving a corner in the whole of it or in the pad that he did
+      not search, peer into, and explore, or seam that he did not rip, or tuft
+      of wool that he did not pick to pieces, lest anything should escape for
+      want of care and pains; so keen was the covetousness excited in him by the
+      discovery of the crowns, which amounted to near a hundred; and though he
+      found no more booty, he held the blanket flights, balsam vomits, stake
+      benedictions, carriers' fisticuffs, missing alforjas, stolen coat, and all
+      the hunger, thirst, and weariness he had endured in the service of his
+      good master, cheap at the price; as he considered himself more than fully
+      indemnified for all by the payment he received in the gift of the
+      treasure-trove.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Knight of the Rueful Countenance was still very anxious to find out
+      who the owner of the valise could be, conjecturing from the sonnet and
+      letter, from the money in gold, and from the fineness of the shirts, that
+      he must be some lover of distinction whom the scorn and cruelty of his
+      lady had driven to some desperate course; but as in that uninhabited and
+      rugged spot there was no one to be seen of whom he could inquire, he saw
+      nothing else for it but to push on, taking whatever road Rocinante chose&mdash;which
+      was where he could make his way&mdash;firmly persuaded that among these
+      wilds he could not fail to meet some rare adventure. As he went along,
+      then, occupied with these thoughts, he perceived on the summit of a height
+      that rose before their eyes a man who went springing from rock to rock and
+      from tussock to tussock with marvellous agility. As well as he could make
+      out he was unclad, with a thick black beard, long tangled hair, and bare
+      legs and feet, his thighs were covered by breeches apparently of tawny
+      velvet but so ragged that they showed his skin in several places.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23g" id="c23g"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23g.jpg (360K)" src="images/c23g.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23g.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was bareheaded, and notwithstanding the swiftness with which he passed
+      as has been described, the Knight of the Rueful Countenance observed and
+      noted all these trifles, and though he made the attempt, he was unable to
+      follow him, for it was not granted to the feebleness of Rocinante to make
+      way over such rough ground, he being, moreover, slow-paced and sluggish by
+      nature. Don Quixote at once came to the conclusion that this was the owner
+      of the saddle-pad and of the valise, and made up his mind to go in search
+      of him, even though he should have to wander a year in those mountains
+      before he found him, and so he directed Sancho to take a short cut over
+      one side of the mountain, while he himself went by the other, and perhaps
+      by this means they might light upon this man who had passed so quickly out
+      of their sight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I could not do that," said Sancho, "for when I separate from your worship
+      fear at once lays hold of me, and assails me with all sorts of panics and
+      fancies; and let what I now say be a notice that from this time forth I am
+      not going to stir a finger's width from your presence."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It shall be so," said he of the Rueful Countenance, "and I am very glad
+      that thou art willing to rely on my courage, which will never fail thee,
+      even though the soul in thy body fail thee; so come on now behind me
+      slowly as well as thou canst, and make lanterns of thine eyes; let us make
+      the circuit of this ridge; perhaps we shall light upon this man that we
+      saw, who no doubt is no other than the owner of what we found."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Sancho made answer, "Far better would it be not to look for him,
+      for, if we find him, and he happens to be the owner of the money, it is
+      plain I must restore it; it would be better, therefore, that without
+      taking this needless trouble, I should keep possession of it until in some
+      other less meddlesome and officious way the real owner may be discovered;
+      and perhaps that will be when I shall have spent it, and then the king
+      will hold me harmless."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art wrong there, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for now that we have a
+      suspicion who the owner is, and have him almost before us, we are bound to
+      seek him and make restitution; and if we do not see him, the strong
+      suspicion we have as to his being the owner makes us as guilty as if he
+      were so; and so, friend Sancho, let not our search for him give thee any
+      uneasiness, for if we find him it will relieve mine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so saying he gave Rocinante the spur, and Sancho followed him on foot
+      and loaded, and after having partly made the circuit of the mountain they
+      found lying in a ravine, dead and half devoured by dogs and pecked by
+      jackdaws, a mule saddled and bridled, all which still further strengthened
+      their suspicion that he who had fled was the owner of the mule and the
+      saddle-pad.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23h" id="c23h"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23h.jpg (381K)" src="images/c23h.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23h.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As they stood looking at it they heard a whistle like that of a shepherd
+      watching his flock, and suddenly on their left there appeared a great
+      number of goats and behind them on the summit of the mountain the goatherd
+      in charge of them, a man advanced in years. Don Quixote called aloud to
+      him and begged him to come down to where they stood. He shouted in return,
+      asking what had brought them to that spot, seldom or never trodden except
+      by the feet of goats, or of the wolves and other wild beasts that roamed
+      around. Sancho in return bade him come down, and they would explain all to
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd descended, and reaching the place where Don Quixote stood, he
+      said, "I will wager you are looking at that hack mule that lies dead in
+      the hollow there, and, faith, it has been lying there now these six
+      months; tell me, have you come upon its master about here?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We have come upon nobody," answered Don Quixote, "nor on anything except
+      a saddle-pad and a little valise that we found not far from this."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I found it too," said the goatherd, "but I would not lift it nor go near
+      it for fear of some ill-luck or being charged with theft, for the devil is
+      crafty, and things rise up under one's feet to make one fall without
+      knowing why or wherefore."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That's exactly what I say," said Sancho; "I found it too, and I would not
+      go within a stone's throw of it; there I left it, and there it lies just
+      as it was, for I don't want a dog with a bell."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell me, good man," said Don Quixote, "do you know who is the owner of
+      this property?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All I can tell you," said the goatherd, "is that about six months ago,
+      more or less, there arrived at a shepherd's hut three leagues, perhaps,
+      away from this, a youth of well-bred appearance and manners, mounted on
+      that same mule which lies dead here, and with the same saddle-pad and
+      valise which you say you found and did not touch. He asked us what part of
+      this sierra was the most rugged and retired; we told him that it was where
+      we now are; and so in truth it is, for if you push on half a league
+      farther, perhaps you will not be able to find your way out; and I am
+      wondering how you have managed to come here, for there is no road or path
+      that leads to this spot. I say, then, that on hearing our answer the youth
+      turned about and made for the place we pointed out to him, leaving us all
+      charmed with his good looks, and wondering at his question and the haste
+      with which we saw him depart in the direction of the sierra; and after
+      that we saw him no more, until some days afterwards he crossed the path of
+      one of our shepherds, and without saying a word to him, came up to him and
+      gave him several cuffs and kicks, and then turned to the ass with our
+      provisions and took all the bread and cheese it carried, and having done
+      this made off back again into the sierra with extraordinary swiftness.
+      When some of us goatherds learned this we went in search of him for about
+      two days through the most remote portion of this sierra, at the end of
+      which we found him lodged in the hollow of a large thick cork tree. He
+      came out to meet us with great gentleness, with his dress now torn and his
+      face so disfigured and burned by the sun, that we hardly recognised him
+      but that his clothes, though torn, convinced us, from the recollection we
+      had of them, that he was the person we were looking for. He saluted us
+      courteously, and in a few well-spoken words he told us not to wonder at
+      seeing him going about in this guise, as it was binding upon him in order
+      that he might work out a penance which for his many sins had been imposed
+      upon him. We asked him to tell us who he was, but we were never able to
+      find out from him: we begged of him too, when he was in want of food,
+      which he could not do without, to tell us where we should find him, as we
+      would bring it to him with all good-will and readiness; or if this were
+      not to his taste, at least to come and ask it of us and not take it by
+      force from the shepherds. He thanked us for the offer, begged pardon for
+      the late assault, and promised for the future to ask it in God's name
+      without offering violence to anybody. As for fixed abode, he said he had
+      no other than that which chance offered wherever night might overtake him;
+      and his words ended in an outburst of weeping so bitter that we who
+      listened to him must have been very stones had we not joined him in it,
+      comparing what we saw of him the first time with what we saw now; for, as
+      I said, he was a graceful and gracious youth, and in his courteous and
+      polished language showed himself to be of good birth and courtly breeding,
+      and rustics as we were that listened to him, even to our rusticity his
+      gentle bearing sufficed to make it plain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But in the midst of his conversation he stopped and became silent,
+      keeping his eyes fixed upon the ground for some time, during which we
+      stood still waiting anxiously to see what would come of this abstraction;
+      and with no little pity, for from his behaviour, now staring at the ground
+      with fixed gaze and eyes wide open without moving an eyelid, again closing
+      them, compressing his lips and raising his eyebrows, we could perceive
+      plainly that a fit of madness of some kind had come upon him; and before
+      long he showed that what we imagined was the truth, for he arose in a fury
+      from the ground where he had thrown himself, and attacked the first he
+      found near him with such rage and fierceness that if we had not dragged
+      him off him, he would have beaten or bitten him to death, all the while
+      exclaiming, 'Oh faithless Fernando, here, here shalt thou pay the penalty
+      of the wrong thou hast done me; these hands shall tear out that heart of
+      thine, abode and dwelling of all iniquity, but of deceit and fraud above
+      all; and to these he added other words all in effect upbraiding this
+      Fernando and charging him with treachery and faithlessness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We forced him to release his hold with no little difficulty, and without
+      another word he left us, and rushing off plunged in among these brakes and
+      brambles, so as to make it impossible for us to follow him; from this we
+      suppose that madness comes upon him from time to time, and that some one
+      called Fernando must have done him a wrong of a grievous nature such as
+      the condition to which it had brought him seemed to show. All this has
+      been since then confirmed on those occasions, and they have been many, on
+      which he has crossed our path, at one time to beg the shepherds to give
+      him some of the food they carry, at another to take it from them by force;
+      for when there is a fit of madness upon him, even though the shepherds
+      offer it freely, he will not accept it but snatches it from them by dint
+      of blows; but when he is in his senses he begs it for the love of God,
+      courteously and civilly, and receives it with many thanks and not a few
+      tears. And to tell you the truth, sirs," continued the goatherd, "it was
+      yesterday that we resolved, I and four of the lads, two of them our
+      servants, and the other two friends of mine, to go in search of him until
+      we find him, and when we do to take him, whether by force or of his own
+      consent, to the town of Almodovar, which is eight leagues from this, and
+      there strive to cure him (if indeed his malady admits of a cure), or learn
+      when he is in his senses who he is, and if he has relatives to whom we may
+      give notice of his misfortune. This, sirs, is all I can say in answer to
+      what you have asked me; and be sure that the owner of the articles you
+      found is he whom you saw pass by with such nimbleness and so naked."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For Don Quixote had already described how he had seen the man go bounding
+      along the mountain side, and he was now filled with amazement at what he
+      heard from the goatherd, and more eager than ever to discover who the
+      unhappy madman was; and in his heart he resolved, as he had done before,
+      to search for him all over the mountain, not leaving a corner or cave
+      unexamined until he had found him. But chance arranged matters better than
+      he expected or hoped, for at that very moment, in a gorge on the mountain
+      that opened where they stood, the youth he wished to find made his
+      appearance, coming along talking to himself in a way that would have been
+      unintelligible near at hand, much more at a distance. His garb was what
+      has been described, save that as he drew near, Don Quixote perceived that
+      a tattered doublet which he wore was amber-tanned, from which he concluded
+      that one who wore such garments could not be of very low rank.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Approaching them, the youth greeted them in a harsh and hoarse voice but
+      with great courtesy. Don Quixote returned his salutation with equal
+      politeness, and dismounting from Rocinante advanced with well-bred bearing
+      and grace to embrace him, and held him for some time close in his arms as
+      if he had known him for a long time. The other, whom we may call the
+      Ragged One of the Sorry Countenance, as Don Quixote was of the Rueful,
+      after submitting to the embrace pushed him back a little and, placing his
+      hands on Don Quixote's shoulders, stood gazing at him as if seeking to see
+      whether he knew him, not less amazed, perhaps, at the sight of the face,
+      figure, and armour of Don Quixote than Don Quixote was at the sight of
+      him. To be brief, the first to speak after embracing was the Ragged One,
+      and he said what will be told farther on.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c23i" id="c23i"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c23i.jpg (53K)" src="images/c23i.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c23i.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch24" id="ch24"></a>CHAPTER XXIV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE ADVENTURE OF THE SIERRA MORENA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c24a" id="c24a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c24a.jpg (151K)" src="images/c24a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c24a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The history relates that it was with the greatest attention Don Quixote
+      listened to the ragged knight of the Sierra, who began by saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of a surety, senor, whoever you are, for I know you not, I thank you for
+      the proofs of kindness and courtesy you have shown me, and would I were in
+      a condition to requite with something more than good-will that which you
+      have displayed towards me in the cordial reception you have given me; but
+      my fate does not afford me any other means of returning kindnesses done me
+      save the hearty desire to repay them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mine," replied Don Quixote, "is to be of service to you, so much so that
+      I had resolved not to quit these mountains until I had found you, and
+      learned of you whether there is any kind of relief to be found for that
+      sorrow under which from the strangeness of your life you seem to labour;
+      and to search for you with all possible diligence, if search had been
+      necessary. And if your misfortune should prove to be one of those that
+      refuse admission to any sort of consolation, it was my purpose to join you
+      in lamenting and mourning over it, so far as I could; for it is still some
+      comfort in misfortune to find one who can feel for it. And if my good
+      intentions deserve to be acknowledged with any kind of courtesy, I entreat
+      you, senor, by that which I perceive you possess in so high a degree, and
+      likewise conjure you by whatever you love or have loved best in life, to
+      tell me who you are and the cause that has brought you to live or die in
+      these solitudes like a brute beast, dwelling among them in a manner so
+      foreign to your condition as your garb and appearance show. And I swear,"
+      added Don Quixote, "by the order of knighthood which I have received, and
+      by my vocation of knight-errant, if you gratify me in this, to serve you
+      with all the zeal my calling demands of me, either in relieving your
+      misfortune if it admits of relief, or in joining you in lamenting it as I
+      promised to do."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Knight of the Thicket, hearing him of the Rueful Countenance talk in
+      this strain, did nothing but stare at him, and stare at him again, and
+      again survey him from head to foot; and when he had thoroughly examined
+      him, he said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If you have anything to give me to eat, for God's sake give it me, and
+      after I have eaten I will do all you ask in acknowledgment of the goodwill
+      you have displayed towards me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho from his sack, and the goatherd from his pouch, furnished the
+      Ragged One with the means of appeasing his hunger, and what they gave him
+      he ate like a half-witted being, so hastily that he took no time between
+      mouthfuls, gorging rather than swallowing; and while he ate neither he nor
+      they who observed him uttered a word. As soon as he had done he made signs
+      to them to follow him, which they did, and he led them to a green plot
+      which lay a little farther off round the corner of a rock. On reaching it
+      he stretched himself upon the grass, and the others did the same, all
+      keeping silence, until the Ragged One, settling himself in his place,
+      said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If it is your wish, sirs, that I should disclose in a few words the
+      surpassing extent of my misfortunes, you must promise not to break the
+      thread of my sad story with any question or other interruption, for the
+      instant you do so the tale I tell will come to an end."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These words of the Ragged One reminded Don Quixote of the tale his squire
+      had told him, when he failed to keep count of the goats that had crossed
+      the river and the story remained unfinished; but to return to the Ragged
+      One, he went on to say:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I give you this warning because I wish to pass briefly over the story of
+      my misfortunes, for recalling them to memory only serves to add fresh
+      ones, and the less you question me the sooner shall I make an end of the
+      recital, though I shall not omit to relate anything of importance in order
+      fully to satisfy your curiosity."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote gave the promise for himself and the others, and with this
+      assurance he began as follows:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My name is Cardenio, my birthplace one of the best cities of this
+      Andalusia, my family noble, my parents rich, my misfortune so great that
+      my parents must have wept and my family grieved over it without being able
+      by their wealth to lighten it; for the gifts of fortune can do little to
+      relieve reverses sent by Heaven. In that same country there was a heaven
+      in which love had placed all the glory I could desire; such was the beauty
+      of Luscinda, a damsel as noble and as rich as I, but of happier fortunes,
+      and of less firmness than was due to so worthy a passion as mine. This
+      Luscinda I loved, worshipped, and adored from my earliest and tenderest
+      years, and she loved me in all the innocence and sincerity of childhood.
+      Our parents were aware of our feelings, and were not sorry to perceive
+      them, for they saw clearly that as they ripened they must lead at last to
+      a marriage between us, a thing that seemed almost prearranged by the
+      equality of our families and wealth. We grew up, and with our growth grew
+      the love between us, so that the father of Luscinda felt bound for
+      propriety's sake to refuse me admission to his house, in this perhaps
+      imitating the parents of that Thisbe so celebrated by the poets, and this
+      refusal but added love to love and flame to flame; for though they
+      enforced silence upon our tongues they could not impose it upon our pens,
+      which can make known the heart's secrets to a loved one more freely than
+      tongues; for many a time the presence of the object of love shakes the
+      firmest will and strikes dumb the boldest tongue. Ah heavens! how many
+      letters did I write her, and how many dainty modest replies did I receive!
+      how many ditties and love-songs did I compose in which my heart declared
+      and made known its feelings, described its ardent longings, revelled in
+      its recollections and dallied with its desires! At length growing
+      impatient and feeling my heart languishing with longing to see her, I
+      resolved to put into execution and carry out what seemed to me the best
+      mode of winning my desired and merited reward, to ask her of her father
+      for my lawful wife, which I did. To this his answer was that he thanked me
+      for the disposition I showed to do honour to him and to regard myself as
+      honoured by the bestowal of his treasure; but that as my father was alive
+      it was his by right to make this demand, for if it were not in accordance
+      with his full will and pleasure, Luscinda was not to be taken or given by
+      stealth. I thanked him for his kindness, reflecting that there was reason
+      in what he said, and that my father would assent to it as soon as I should
+      tell him, and with that view I went the very same instant to let him know
+      what my desires were. When I entered the room where he was I found him
+      with an open letter in his hand, which, before I could utter a word, he
+      gave me, saying, 'By this letter thou wilt see, Cardenio, the disposition
+      the Duke Ricardo has to serve thee.' This Duke Ricardo, as you, sirs,
+      probably know already, is a grandee of Spain who has his seat in the best
+      part of this Andalusia. I took and read the letter, which was couched in
+      terms so flattering that even I myself felt it would be wrong in my father
+      not to comply with the request the duke made in it, which was that he
+      would send me immediately to him, as he wished me to become the companion,
+      not servant, of his eldest son, and would take upon himself the charge of
+      placing me in a position corresponding to the esteem in which he held me.
+      On reading the letter my voice failed me, and still more when I heard my
+      father say, 'Two days hence thou wilt depart, Cardenio, in accordance with
+      the duke's wish, and give thanks to God who is opening a road to thee by
+      which thou mayest attain what I know thou dost deserve; and to these words
+      he added others of fatherly counsel. The time for my departure arrived; I
+      spoke one night to Luscinda, I told her all that had occurred, as I did
+      also to her father, entreating him to allow some delay, and to defer the
+      disposal of her hand until I should see what the Duke Ricardo sought of
+      me: he gave me the promise, and she confirmed it with vows and swoonings
+      unnumbered. Finally, I presented myself to the duke, and was received and
+      treated by him so kindly that very soon envy began to do its work, the old
+      servants growing envious of me, and regarding the duke's inclination to
+      show me favour as an injury to themselves. But the one to whom my arrival
+      gave the greatest pleasure was the duke's second son, Fernando by name, a
+      gallant youth, of noble, generous, and amorous disposition, who very soon
+      made so intimate a friend of me that it was remarked by everybody; for
+      though the elder was attached to me, and showed me kindness, he did not
+      carry his affectionate treatment to the same length as Don Fernando. It so
+      happened, then, that as between friends no secret remains unshared, and as
+      the favour I enjoyed with Don Fernando had grown into friendship, he made
+      all his thoughts known to me, and in particular a love affair which
+      troubled his mind a little. He was deeply in love with a peasant girl, a
+      vassal of his father's, the daughter of wealthy parents, and herself so
+      beautiful, modest, discreet, and virtuous, that no one who knew her was
+      able to decide in which of these respects she was most highly gifted or
+      most excelled. The attractions of the fair peasant raised the passion of
+      Don Fernando to such a point that, in order to gain his object and
+      overcome her virtuous resolutions, he determined to pledge his word to her
+      to become her husband, for to attempt it in any other way was to attempt
+      an impossibility. Bound to him as I was by friendship, I strove by the
+      best arguments and the most forcible examples I could think of to restrain
+      and dissuade him from such a course; but perceiving I produced no effect I
+      resolved to make the Duke Ricardo, his father, acquainted with the matter;
+      but Don Fernando, being sharp-witted and shrewd, foresaw and apprehended
+      this, perceiving that by my duty as a good servant I was bound not to keep
+      concealed a thing so much opposed to the honour of my lord the duke; and
+      so, to mislead and deceive me, he told me he could find no better way of
+      effacing from his mind the beauty that so enslaved him than by absenting
+      himself for some months, and that he wished the absence to be effected by
+      our going, both of us, to my father's house under the pretence, which he
+      would make to the duke, of going to see and buy some fine horses that
+      there were in my city, which produces the best in the world. When I heard
+      him say so, even if his resolution had not been so good a one I should
+      have hailed it as one of the happiest that could be imagined, prompted by
+      my affection, seeing what a favourable chance and opportunity it offered
+      me of returning to see my Luscinda. With this thought and wish I commended
+      his idea and encouraged his design, advising him to put it into execution
+      as quickly as possible, as, in truth, absence produced its effect in spite
+      of the most deeply rooted feelings. But, as afterwards appeared, when he
+      said this to me he had already enjoyed the peasant girl under the title of
+      husband, and was waiting for an opportunity of making it known with safety
+      to himself, being in dread of what his father the duke would do when he
+      came to know of his folly. It happened, then, that as with young men love
+      is for the most part nothing more than appetite, which, as its final
+      object is enjoyment, comes to an end on obtaining it, and that which
+      seemed to be love takes to flight, as it cannot pass the limit fixed by
+      nature, which fixes no limit to true love&mdash;what I mean is that after
+      Don Fernando had enjoyed this peasant girl his passion subsided and his
+      eagerness cooled, and if at first he feigned a wish to absent himself in
+      order to cure his love, he was now in reality anxious to go to avoid
+      keeping his promise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The duke gave him permission, and ordered me to accompany him; we arrived
+      at my city, and my father gave him the reception due to his rank; I saw
+      Luscinda without delay, and, though it had not been dead or deadened, my
+      love gathered fresh life. To my sorrow I told the story of it to Don
+      Fernando, for I thought that in virtue of the great friendship he bore me
+      I was bound to conceal nothing from him. I extolled her beauty, her
+      gaiety, her wit, so warmly, that my praises excited in him a desire to see
+      a damsel adorned by such attractions. To my misfortune I yielded to it,
+      showing her to him one night by the light of a taper at a window where we
+      used to talk to one another. As she appeared to him in her dressing-gown,
+      she drove all the beauties he had seen until then out of his recollection;
+      speech failed him, his head turned, he was spell-bound, and in the end
+      love-smitten, as you will see in the course of the story of my misfortune;
+      and to inflame still further his passion, which he hid from me and
+      revealed to Heaven alone, it so happened that one day he found a note of
+      hers entreating me to demand her of her father in marriage, so delicate,
+      so modest, and so tender, that on reading it he told me that in Luscinda
+      alone were combined all the charms of beauty and understanding that were
+      distributed among all the other women in the world. It is true, and I own
+      it now, that though I knew what good cause Don Fernando had to praise
+      Luscinda, it gave me uneasiness to hear these praises from his mouth, and
+      I began to fear, and with reason to feel distrust of him, for there was no
+      moment when he was not ready to talk of Luscinda, and he would start the
+      subject himself even though he dragged it in unseasonably, a circumstance
+      that aroused in me a certain amount of jealousy; not that I feared any
+      change in the constancy or faith of Luscinda; but still my fate led me to
+      forebode what she assured me against. Don Fernando contrived always to
+      read the letters I sent to Luscinda and her answers to me, under the
+      pretence that he enjoyed the wit and sense of both. It so happened, then,
+      that Luscinda having begged of me a book of chivalry to read, one that she
+      was very fond of, Amadis of Gaul-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote no sooner heard a book of chivalry mentioned, than he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Had your worship told me at the beginning of your story that the Lady
+      Luscinda was fond of books of chivalry, no other laudation would have been
+      requisite to impress upon me the superiority of her understanding, for it
+      could not have been of the excellence you describe had a taste for such
+      delightful reading been wanting; so, as far as I am concerned, you need
+      waste no more words in describing her beauty, worth, and intelligence;
+      for, on merely hearing what her taste was, I declare her to be the most
+      beautiful and the most intelligent woman in the world; and I wish your
+      worship had, along with Amadis of Gaul, sent her the worthy Don Rugel of
+      Greece, for I know the Lady Luscinda would greatly relish Daraida and
+      Garaya, and the shrewd sayings of the shepherd Darinel, and the admirable
+      verses of his bucolics, sung and delivered by him with such sprightliness,
+      wit, and ease; but a time may come when this omission can be remedied, and
+      to rectify it nothing more is needed than for your worship to be so good
+      as to come with me to my village, for there I can give you more than three
+      hundred books which are the delight of my soul and the entertainment of my
+      life;&mdash;though it occurs to me that I have not got one of them now,
+      thanks to the spite of wicked and envious enchanters;&mdash;but pardon me
+      for having broken the promise we made not to interrupt your discourse; for
+      when I hear chivalry or knights-errant mentioned, I can no more help
+      talking about them than the rays of the sun can help giving heat, or those
+      of the moon moisture; pardon me, therefore, and proceed, for that is more
+      to the purpose now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While Don Quixote was saying this, Cardenio allowed his head to fall upon
+      his breast, and seemed plunged in deep thought; and though twice Don
+      Quixote bade him go on with his story, he neither looked up nor uttered a
+      word in reply; but after some time he raised his head and said, "I cannot
+      get rid of the idea, nor will anyone in the world remove it, or make me
+      think otherwise&mdash;and he would be a blockhead who would hold or
+      believe anything else than that that arrant knave Master Elisabad made
+      free with Queen Madasima."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is not true, by all that's good," said Don Quixote in high wrath,
+      turning upon him angrily, as his way was; "and it is a very great slander,
+      or rather villainy. Queen Madasima was a very illustrious lady, and it is
+      not to be supposed that so exalted a princess would have made free with a
+      quack; and whoever maintains the contrary lies like a great scoundrel, and
+      I will give him to know it, on foot or on horseback, armed or unarmed, by
+      night or by day, or as he likes best."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio was looking at him steadily, and his mad fit having now come upon
+      him, he had no disposition to go on with his story, nor would Don Quixote
+      have listened to it, so much had what he had heard about Madasima
+      disgusted him. Strange to say, he stood up for her as if she were in
+      earnest his veritable born lady; to such a pass had his unholy books
+      brought him. Cardenio, then, being, as I said, now mad, when he heard
+      himself given the lie, and called a scoundrel and other insulting names,
+      not relishing the jest, snatched up a stone that he found near him, and
+      with it delivered such a blow on Don Quixote's breast that he laid him on
+      his back. Sancho Panza, seeing his master treated in this fashion,
+      attacked the madman with his closed fist; but the Ragged One received him
+      in such a way that with a blow of his fist he stretched him at his feet,
+      and then mounting upon him crushed his ribs to his own satisfaction; the
+      goatherd, who came to the rescue, shared the same fate; and having beaten
+      and pummelled them all he left them and quietly withdrew to his
+      hiding-place on the mountain. Sancho rose, and with the rage he felt at
+      finding himself so belaboured without deserving it, ran to take vengeance
+      on the goatherd, accusing him of not giving them warning that this man was
+      at times taken with a mad fit, for if they had known it they would have
+      been on their guard to protect themselves. The goatherd replied that he
+      had said so, and that if he had not heard him, that was no fault of his.
+      Sancho retorted, and the goatherd rejoined, and the altercation ended in
+      their seizing each other by the beard, and exchanging such fisticuffs that
+      if Don Quixote had not made peace between them, they would have knocked
+      one another to pieces.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Leave me alone, Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenance," said Sancho,
+      grappling with the goatherd, "for of this fellow, who is a clown like
+      myself, and no dubbed knight, I can safely take satisfaction for the
+      affront he has offered me, fighting with him hand to hand like an honest
+      man."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Don Quixote, "but I know that he is not to blame for
+      what has happened."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this he pacified them, and again asked the goatherd if it would be
+      possible to find Cardenio, as he felt the greatest anxiety to know the end
+      of his story. The goatherd told him, as he had told him before, that there
+      was no knowing of a certainty where his lair was; but that if he wandered
+      about much in that neighbourhood he could not fail to fall in with him
+      either in or out of his senses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c24e" id="c24e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c24e.jpg (69K)" src="images/c24e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c24e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch25" id="ch25"></a>CHAPTER XXV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE THINGS THAT HAPPENED TO THE STOUT KNIGHT OF LA
+      MANCHA IN THE SIERRA MORENA, AND OF HIS IMITATION OF THE PENANCE OF
+      BELTENEBROS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c25a" id="c25a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c25a.jpg (168K)" src="images/c25a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c25a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote took leave of the goatherd, and once more mounting Rocinante
+      bade Sancho follow him, which he having no ass, did very discontentedly.
+      They proceeded slowly, making their way into the most rugged part of the
+      mountain, Sancho all the while dying to have a talk with his master, and
+      longing for him to begin, so that there should be no breach of the
+      injunction laid upon him; but unable to keep silence so long he said to
+      him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor Don Quixote, give me your worship's blessing and dismissal, for I'd
+      like to go home at once to my wife and children with whom I can at any
+      rate talk and converse as much as I like; for to want me to go through
+      these solitudes day and night and not speak to you when I have a mind is
+      burying me alive. If luck would have it that animals spoke as they did in
+      the days of Guisopete, it would not be so bad, because I could talk to
+      Rocinante about whatever came into my head, and so put up with my
+      ill-fortune; but it is a hard case, and not to be borne with patience, to
+      go seeking adventures all one's life and get nothing but kicks and
+      blanketings, brickbats and punches, and with all this to have to sew up
+      one's mouth without daring to say what is in one's heart, just as if one
+      were dumb."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I understand thee, Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "thou art dying to have
+      the interdict I placed upon thy tongue removed; consider it removed, and
+      say what thou wilt while we are wandering in these mountains."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So be it," said Sancho; "let me speak now, for God knows what will happen
+      by-and-by; and to take advantage of the permit at once, I ask, what made
+      your worship stand up so for that Queen Majimasa, or whatever her name is,
+      or what did it matter whether that abbot was a friend of hers or not? for
+      if your worship had let that pass&mdash;and you were not a judge in the
+      matter&mdash;it is my belief the madman would have gone on with his story,
+      and the blow of the stone, and the kicks, and more than half a dozen cuffs
+      would have been escaped."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In faith, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "if thou knewest as I do what an
+      honourable and illustrious lady Queen Madasima was, I know thou wouldst
+      say I had great patience that I did not break in pieces the mouth that
+      uttered such blasphemies, for a very great blasphemy it is to say or
+      imagine that a queen has made free with a surgeon. The truth of the story
+      is that that Master Elisabad whom the madman mentioned was a man of great
+      prudence and sound judgment, and served as governor and physician to the
+      queen, but to suppose that she was his mistress is nonsense deserving very
+      severe punishment; and as a proof that Cardenio did not know what he was
+      saying, remember when he said it he was out of his wits."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is what I say," said Sancho; "there was no occasion for minding the
+      words of a madman; for if good luck had not helped your worship, and he
+      had sent that stone at your head instead of at your breast, a fine way we
+      should have been in for standing up for my lady yonder, God confound her!
+      And then, would not Cardenio have gone free as a madman?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Against men in their senses or against madmen," said Don Quixote, "every
+      knight-errant is bound to stand up for the honour of women, whoever they
+      may be, much more for queens of such high degree and dignity as Queen
+      Madasima, for whom I have a particular regard on account of her amiable
+      qualities; for, besides being extremely beautiful, she was very wise, and
+      very patient under her misfortunes, of which she had many; and the counsel
+      and society of the Master Elisabad were a great help and support to her in
+      enduring her afflictions with wisdom and resignation; hence the ignorant
+      and ill-disposed vulgar took occasion to say and think that she was his
+      mistress; and they lie, I say it once more, and will lie two hundred times
+      more, all who think and say so."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I neither say nor think so," said Sancho; "let them look to it; with
+      their bread let them eat it; they have rendered account to God whether
+      they misbehaved or not; I come from my vineyard, I know nothing; I am not
+      fond of prying into other men's lives; he who buys and lies feels it in
+      his purse; moreover, naked was I born, naked I find myself, I neither lose
+      nor gain; but if they did, what is that to me? many think there are
+      flitches where there are no hooks; but who can put gates to the open
+      plain? moreover they said of God-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God bless me," said Don Quixote, "what a set of absurdities thou art
+      stringing together! What has what we are talking about got to do with the
+      proverbs thou art threading one after the other? for God's sake hold thy
+      tongue, Sancho, and henceforward keep to prodding thy ass and don't meddle
+      in what does not concern thee; and understand with all thy five senses
+      that everything I have done, am doing, or shall do, is well founded on
+      reason and in conformity with the rules of chivalry, for I understand them
+      better than all the world that profess them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor," replied Sancho, "is it a good rule of chivalry that we should go
+      astray through these mountains without path or road, looking for a madman
+      who when he is found will perhaps take a fancy to finish what he began,
+      not his story, but your worship's head and my ribs, and end by breaking
+      them altogether for us?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c25b" id="c25b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c25b.jpg (330K)" src="images/c25b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c25b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Peace, I say again, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for let me tell thee it
+      is not so much the desire of finding that madman that leads me into these
+      regions as that which I have of performing among them an achievement
+      wherewith I shall win eternal name and fame throughout the known world;
+      and it shall be such that I shall thereby set the seal on all that can
+      make a knight-errant perfect and famous."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And is it very perilous, this achievement?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No," replied he of the Rueful Countenance; "though it may be in the dice
+      that we may throw deuce-ace instead of sixes; but all will depend on thy
+      diligence."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On my diligence!" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes," said Don Quixote, "for if thou dost return soon from the place
+      where I mean to send thee, my penance will be soon over, and my glory will
+      soon begin. But as it is not right to keep thee any longer in suspense,
+      waiting to see what comes of my words, I would have thee know, Sancho,
+      that the famous Amadis of Gaul was one of the most perfect knights-errant&mdash;I
+      am wrong to say he was one; he stood alone, the first, the only one, the
+      lord of all that were in the world in his time. A fig for Don Belianis,
+      and for all who say he equalled him in any respect, for, my oath upon it,
+      they are deceiving themselves! I say, too, that when a painter desires to
+      become famous in his art he endeavours to copy the originals of the rarest
+      painters that he knows; and the same rule holds good for all the most
+      important crafts and callings that serve to adorn a state; thus must he
+      who would be esteemed prudent and patient imitate Ulysses, in whose person
+      and labours Homer presents to us a lively picture of prudence and
+      patience; as Virgil, too, shows us in the person of AEneas the virtue of a
+      pious son and the sagacity of a brave and skilful captain; not
+      representing or describing them as they were, but as they ought to be, so
+      as to leave the example of their virtues to posterity. In the same way
+      Amadis was the polestar, day-star, sun of valiant and devoted knights,
+      whom all we who fight under the banner of love and chivalry are bound to
+      imitate. This, then, being so, I consider, friend Sancho, that the
+      knight-errant who shall imitate him most closely will come nearest to
+      reaching the perfection of chivalry. Now one of the instances in which
+      this knight most conspicuously showed his prudence, worth, valour,
+      endurance, fortitude, and love, was when he withdrew, rejected by the Lady
+      Oriana, to do penance upon the Pena Pobre, changing his name into that of
+      Beltenebros, a name assuredly significant and appropriate to the life
+      which he had voluntarily adopted. So, as it is easier for me to imitate
+      him in this than in cleaving giants asunder, cutting off serpents' heads,
+      slaying dragons, routing armies, destroying fleets, and breaking
+      enchantments, and as this place is so well suited for a similar purpose, I
+      must not allow the opportunity to escape which now so conveniently offers
+      me its forelock."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What is it in reality," said Sancho, "that your worship means to do in
+      such an out-of-the-way place as this?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Have I not told thee," answered Don Quixote, "that I mean to imitate
+      Amadis here, playing the victim of despair, the madman, the maniac, so as
+      at the same time to imitate the valiant Don Roland, when at the fountain
+      he had evidence of the fair Angelica having disgraced herself with Medoro
+      and through grief thereat went mad, and plucked up trees, troubled the
+      waters of the clear springs, slew destroyed flocks, burned down huts,
+      levelled houses, dragged mares after him, and perpetrated a hundred
+      thousand other outrages worthy of everlasting renown and record? And
+      though I have no intention of imitating Roland, or Orlando, or Rotolando
+      (for he went by all these names), step by step in all the mad things he
+      did, said, and thought, I will make a rough copy to the best of my power
+      of all that seems to me most essential; but perhaps I shall content myself
+      with the simple imitation of Amadis, who without giving way to any
+      mischievous madness but merely to tears and sorrow, gained as much fame as
+      the most famous."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It seems to me," said Sancho, "that the knights who behaved in this way
+      had provocation and cause for those follies and penances; but what cause
+      has your worship for going mad? What lady has rejected you, or what
+      evidence have you found to prove that the lady Dulcinea del Toboso has
+      been trifling with Moor or Christian?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is the point," replied Don Quixote, "and that is the beauty of this
+      business of mine; no thanks to a knight-errant for going mad when he has
+      cause; the thing is to turn crazy without any provocation, and let my lady
+      know, if I do this in the dry, what I would do in the moist; moreover I
+      have abundant cause in the long separation I have endured from my lady
+      till death, Dulcinea del Toboso; for as thou didst hear that shepherd
+      Ambrosio say the other day, in absence all ills are felt and feared; and
+      so, friend Sancho, waste no time in advising me against so rare, so happy,
+      and so unheard-of an imitation; mad I am, and mad I must be until thou
+      returnest with the answer to a letter that I mean to send by thee to my
+      lady Dulcinea; and if it be such as my constancy deserves, my insanity and
+      penance will come to an end; and if it be to the opposite effect, I shall
+      become mad in earnest, and, being so, I shall suffer no more; thus in
+      whatever way she may answer I shall escape from the struggle and
+      affliction in which thou wilt leave me, enjoying in my senses the boon
+      thou bearest me, or as a madman not feeling the evil thou bringest me. But
+      tell me, Sancho, hast thou got Mambrino's helmet safe? for I saw thee take
+      it up from the ground when that ungrateful wretch tried to break it in
+      pieces but could not, by which the fineness of its temper may be seen."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Sancho made answer, "By the living God, Sir Knight of the Rueful
+      Countenance, I cannot endure or bear with patience some of the things that
+      your worship says; and from them I begin to suspect that all you tell me
+      about chivalry, and winning kingdoms and empires, and giving islands, and
+      bestowing other rewards and dignities after the custom of knights-errant,
+      must be all made up of wind and lies, and all pigments or figments, or
+      whatever we may call them; for what would anyone think that heard your
+      worship calling a barber's basin Mambrino's helmet without ever seeing the
+      mistake all this time, but that one who says and maintains such things
+      must have his brains addled? I have the basin in my sack all dinted, and I
+      am taking it home to have it mended, to trim my beard in it, if, by God's
+      grace, I am allowed to see my wife and children some day or other."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Look here, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "by him thou didst swear by just
+      now I swear thou hast the most limited understanding that any squire in
+      the world has or ever had. Is it possible that all this time thou hast
+      been going about with me thou hast never found out that all things
+      belonging to knights-errant seem to be illusions and nonsense and ravings,
+      and to go always by contraries? And not because it really is so, but
+      because there is always a swarm of enchanters in attendance upon us that
+      change and alter everything with us, and turn things as they please, and
+      according as they are disposed to aid or destroy us; thus what seems to
+      thee a barber's basin seems to me Mambrino's helmet, and to another it
+      will seem something else; and rare foresight it was in the sage who is on
+      my side to make what is really and truly Mambrine's helmet seem a basin to
+      everybody, for, being held in such estimation as it is, all the world
+      would pursue me to rob me of it; but when they see it is only a barber's
+      basin they do not take the trouble to obtain it; as was plainly shown by
+      him who tried to break it, and left it on the ground without taking it,
+      for, by my faith, had he known it he would never have left it behind. Keep
+      it safe, my friend, for just now I have no need of it; indeed, I shall
+      have to take off all this armour and remain as naked as I was born, if I
+      have a mind to follow Roland rather than Amadis in my penance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus talking they reached the foot of a high mountain which stood like an
+      isolated peak among the others that surrounded it. Past its base there
+      flowed a gentle brook, all around it spread a meadow so green and
+      luxuriant that it was a delight to the eyes to look upon it, and forest
+      trees in abundance, and shrubs and flowers, added to the charms of the
+      spot. Upon this place the Knight of the Rueful Countenance fixed his
+      choice for the performance of his penance, and as he beheld it exclaimed
+      in a loud voice as though he were out of his senses:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This is the place, oh, ye heavens, that I select and choose for bewailing
+      the misfortune in which ye yourselves have plunged me: this is the spot
+      where the overflowings of mine eyes shall swell the waters of yon little
+      brook, and my deep and endless sighs shall stir unceasingly the leaves of
+      these mountain trees, in testimony and token of the pain my persecuted
+      heart is suffering. Oh, ye rural deities, whoever ye be that haunt this
+      lone spot, give ear to the complaint of a wretched lover whom long absence
+      and brooding jealousy have driven to bewail his fate among these wilds and
+      complain of the hard heart of that fair and ungrateful one, the end and
+      limit of all human beauty! Oh, ye wood nymphs and dryads, that dwell in
+      the thickets of the forest, so may the nimble wanton satyrs by whom ye are
+      vainly wooed never disturb your sweet repose, help me to lament my hard
+      fate or at least weary not at listening to it! Oh, Dulcinea del Toboso,
+      day of my night, glory of my pain, guide of my path, star of my fortune,
+      so may Heaven grant thee in full all thou seekest of it, bethink thee of
+      the place and condition to which absence from thee has brought me, and
+      make that return in kindness that is due to my fidelity! Oh, lonely trees,
+      that from this day forward shall bear me company in my solitude, give me
+      some sign by the gentle movement of your boughs that my presence is not
+      distasteful to you! Oh, thou, my squire, pleasant companion in my
+      prosperous and adverse fortunes, fix well in thy memory what thou shalt
+      see me do here, so that thou mayest relate and report it to the sole cause
+      of all," and so saying he dismounted from Rocinante, and in an instant
+      relieved him of saddle and bridle, and giving him a slap on the croup,
+      said, "He gives thee freedom who is bereft of it himself, oh steed as
+      excellent in deed as thou art unfortunate in thy lot; begone where thou
+      wilt, for thou bearest written on thy forehead that neither Astolfo's
+      hippogriff, nor the famed Frontino that cost Bradamante so dear, could
+      equal thee in speed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing this Sancho said, "Good luck to him who has saved us the trouble of
+      stripping the pack-saddle off Dapple! By my faith he would not have gone
+      without a slap on the croup and something said in his praise; though if he
+      were here I would not let anyone strip him, for there would be no
+      occasion, as he had nothing of the lover or victim of despair about him,
+      inasmuch as his master, which I was while it was God's pleasure, was
+      nothing of the sort; and indeed, Sir Knight of the Rueful Countenance, if
+      my departure and your worship's madness are to come off in earnest, it
+      will be as well to saddle Rocinante again in order that he may supply the
+      want of Dapple, because it will save me time in going and returning: for
+      if I go on foot I don't know when I shall get there or when I shall get
+      back, as I am, in truth, a bad walker."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I declare, Sancho," returned Don Quixote, "it shall be as thou wilt, for
+      thy plan does not seem to me a bad one, and three days hence thou wilt
+      depart, for I wish thee to observe in the meantime what I do and say for
+      her sake, that thou mayest be able to tell it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what more have I to see besides what I have seen?" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Much thou knowest about it!" said Don Quixote. "I have now got to tear up
+      my garments, to scatter about my armour, knock my head against these
+      rocks, and more of the same sort of thing, which thou must witness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the love of God," said Sancho, "be careful, your worship, how you
+      give yourself those knocks on the head, for you may come across such a
+      rock, and in such a way, that the very first may put an end to the whole
+      contrivance of this penance; and I should think, if indeed knocks on the
+      head seem necessary to you, and this business cannot be done without them,
+      you might be content&mdash;as the whole thing is feigned, and counterfeit,
+      and in joke&mdash;you might be content, I say, with giving them to
+      yourself in the water, or against something soft, like cotton; and leave
+      it all to me; for I'll tell my lady that your worship knocked your head
+      against a point of rock harder than a diamond."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I thank thee for thy good intentions, friend Sancho," answered Don
+      Quixote, "but I would have thee know that all these things I am doing are
+      not in joke, but very much in earnest, for anything else would be a
+      transgression of the ordinances of chivalry, which forbid us to tell any
+      lie whatever under the penalties due to apostasy; and to do one thing
+      instead of another is just the same as lying; so my knocks on the head
+      must be real, solid, and valid, without anything sophisticated or fanciful
+      about them, and it will be needful to leave me some lint to dress my
+      wounds, since fortune has compelled us to do without the balsam we lost."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was worse losing the ass," replied Sancho, "for with him lint and all
+      were lost; but I beg of your worship not to remind me again of that
+      accursed liquor, for my soul, not to say my stomach, turns at hearing the
+      very name of it; and I beg of you, too, to reckon as past the three days
+      you allowed me for seeing the mad things you do, for I take them as seen
+      already and pronounced upon, and I will tell wonderful stories to my lady;
+      so write the letter and send me off at once, for I long to return and take
+      your worship out of this purgatory where I am leaving you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Purgatory dost thou call it, Sancho?" said Don Quixote, "rather call it
+      hell, or even worse if there be anything worse."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For one who is in hell," said Sancho, "nulla est retentio, as I have
+      heard say."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not understand what retentio means," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Retentio," answered Sancho, "means that whoever is in hell never comes
+      nor can come out of it, which will be the opposite case with your worship
+      or my legs will be idle, that is if I have spurs to enliven Rocinante: let
+      me once get to El Toboso and into the presence of my lady Dulcinea, and I
+      will tell her such things of the follies and madnesses (for it is all one)
+      that your worship has done and is still doing, that I will manage to make
+      her softer than a glove though I find her harder than a cork tree; and
+      with her sweet and honeyed answer I will come back through the air like a
+      witch, and take your worship out of this purgatory that seems to be hell
+      but is not, as there is hope of getting out of it; which, as I have said,
+      those in hell have not, and I believe your worship will not say anything
+      to the contrary."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said he of the Rueful Countenance, "but how shall we
+      manage to write the letter?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And the ass-colt order too," added Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All shall be included," said Don Quixote; "and as there is no paper, it
+      would be well done to write it on the leaves of trees, as the ancients
+      did, or on tablets of wax; though that would be as hard to find just now
+      as paper. But it has just occurred to me how it may be conveniently and
+      even more than conveniently written, and that is in the note-book that
+      belonged to Cardenio, and thou wilt take care to have it copied on paper,
+      in a good hand, at the first village thou comest to where there is a
+      schoolmaster, or if not, any sacristan will copy it; but see thou give it
+      not to any notary to copy, for they write a law hand that Satan could not
+      make out."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what is to be done about the signature?" said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The letters of Amadis were never signed," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is all very well," said Sancho, "but the order must needs be signed,
+      and if it is copied they will say the signature is false, and I shall be
+      left without ass-colts."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The order shall go signed in the same book," said Don Quixote, "and on
+      seeing it my niece will make no difficulty about obeying it; as to the
+      loveletter thou canst put by way of signature, 'Yours till death, the
+      Knight of the Rueful Countenance.' And it will be no great matter if it is
+      in some other person's hand, for as well as I recollect Dulcinea can
+      neither read nor write, nor in the whole course of her life has she seen
+      handwriting or letter of mine, for my love and hers have been always
+      platonic, not going beyond a modest look, and even that so seldom that I
+      can safely swear I have not seen her four times in all these twelve years
+      I have been loving her more than the light of these eyes that the earth
+      will one day devour; and perhaps even of those four times she has not once
+      perceived that I was looking at her: such is the retirement and seclusion
+      in which her father Lorenzo Corchuelo and her mother Aldonza Nogales have
+      brought her up."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So, so!" said Sancho; "Lorenzo Corchuelo's daughter is the lady Dulcinea
+      del Toboso, otherwise called Aldonza Lorenzo?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "She it is," said Don Quixote, "and she it is that is worthy to be lady of
+      the whole universe."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I know her well," said Sancho, "and let me tell you she can fling a
+      crowbar as well as the lustiest lad in all the town. Giver of all good!
+      but she is a brave lass, and a right and stout one, and fit to be helpmate
+      to any knight-errant that is or is to be, who may make her his lady: the
+      whoreson wench, what sting she has and what a voice! I can tell you one
+      day she posted herself on the top of the belfry of the village to call
+      some labourers of theirs that were in a ploughed field of her father's,
+      and though they were better than half a league off they heard her as well
+      as if they were at the foot of the tower; and the best of her is that she
+      is not a bit prudish, for she has plenty of affability, and jokes with
+      everybody, and has a grin and a jest for everything. So, Sir Knight of the
+      Rueful Countenance, I say you not only may and ought to do mad freaks for
+      her sake, but you have a good right to give way to despair and hang
+      yourself; and no one who knows of it but will say you did well, though the
+      devil should take you; and I wish I were on my road already, simply to see
+      her, for it is many a day since I saw her, and she must be altered by this
+      time, for going about the fields always, and the sun and the air spoil
+      women's looks greatly. But I must own the truth to your worship, Senor Don
+      Quixote; until now I have been under a great mistake, for I believed truly
+      and honestly that the lady Dulcinea must be some princess your worship was
+      in love with, or some person great enough to deserve the rich presents you
+      have sent her, such as the Biscayan and the galley slaves, and many more
+      no doubt, for your worship must have won many victories in the time when I
+      was not yet your squire. But all things considered, what good can it do
+      the lady Aldonza Lorenzo, I mean the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, to have the
+      vanquished your worship sends or will send coming to her and going down on
+      their knees before her? Because may be when they came she'd be hackling
+      flax or threshing on the threshing floor, and they'd be ashamed to see
+      her, and she'd laugh, or resent the present."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have before now told thee many times, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that
+      thou art a mighty great chatterer, and that with a blunt wit thou art
+      always striving at sharpness; but to show thee what a fool thou art and
+      how rational I am, I would have thee listen to a short story. Thou must
+      know that a certain widow, fair, young, independent, and rich, and above
+      all free and easy, fell in love with a sturdy strapping young lay-brother;
+      his superior came to know of it, and one day said to the worthy widow by
+      way of brotherly remonstrance, 'I am surprised, senora, and not without
+      good reason, that a woman of such high standing, so fair, and so rich as
+      you are, should have fallen in love with such a mean, low, stupid fellow
+      as So-and-so, when in this house there are so many masters, graduates, and
+      divinity students from among whom you might choose as if they were a lot
+      of pears, saying this one I'll take, that I won't take;' but she replied
+      to him with great sprightliness and candour, 'My dear sir, you are very
+      much mistaken, and your ideas are very old-fashioned, if you think that I
+      have made a bad choice in So-and-so, fool as he seems; because for all I
+      want with him he knows as much and more philosophy than Aristotle.' In the
+      same way, Sancho, for all I want with Dulcinea del Toboso she is just as
+      good as the most exalted princess on earth. It is not to be supposed that
+      all those poets who sang the praises of ladies under the fancy names they
+      give them, had any such mistresses. Thinkest thou that the Amarillises,
+      the Phillises, the Sylvias, the Dianas, the Galateas, the Filidas, and all
+      the rest of them, that the books, the ballads, the barber's shops, the
+      theatres are full of, were really and truly ladies of flesh and blood, and
+      mistresses of those that glorify and have glorified them? Nothing of the
+      kind; they only invent them for the most part to furnish a subject for
+      their verses, and that they may pass for lovers, or for men valiant enough
+      to be so; and so it suffices me to think and believe that the good Aldonza
+      Lorenzo is fair and virtuous; and as to her pedigree it is very little
+      matter, for no one will examine into it for the purpose of conferring any
+      order upon her, and I, for my part, reckon her the most exalted princess
+      in the world. For thou shouldst know, Sancho, if thou dost not know, that
+      two things alone beyond all others are incentives to love, and these are
+      great beauty and a good name, and these two things are to be found in
+      Dulcinea in the highest degree, for in beauty no one equals her and in
+      good name few approach her; and to put the whole thing in a nutshell, I
+      persuade myself that all I say is as I say, neither more nor less, and I
+      picture her in my imagination as I would have her to be, as well in beauty
+      as in condition; Helen approaches her not nor does Lucretia come up to
+      her, nor any other of the famous women of times past, Greek, Barbarian, or
+      Latin; and let each say what he will, for if in this I am taken to task by
+      the ignorant, I shall not be censured by the critical."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say that your worship is entirely right," said Sancho, "and that I am
+      an ass. But I know not how the name of ass came into my mouth, for a rope
+      is not to be mentioned in the house of him who has been hanged; but now
+      for the letter, and then, God be with you, I am off."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote took out the note-book, and, retiring to one side, very
+      deliberately began to write the letter, and when he had finished it he
+      called to Sancho, saying he wished to read it to him, so that he might
+      commit it to memory, in case of losing it on the road; for with evil
+      fortune like his anything might be apprehended. To which Sancho replied,
+      "Write it two or three times there in the book and give it to me, and I
+      will carry it very carefully, because to expect me to keep it in my memory
+      is all nonsense, for I have such a bad one that I often forget my own
+      name; but for all that repeat it to me, as I shall like to hear it, for
+      surely it will run as if it was in print."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Listen," said Don Quixote, "this is what it says:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+"DON QUIXOTE'S LETTER TO DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO
+
+"Sovereign and exalted Lady,&mdash;The pierced by the point of absence,
+the wounded to the heart's core, sends thee, sweetest Dulcinea del
+Toboso, the health that he himself enjoys not. If thy beauty
+despises me, if thy worth is not for me, if thy scorn is my
+affliction, though I be sufficiently long-suffering, hardly shall I
+endure this anxiety, which, besides being oppressive, is protracted.
+My good squire Sancho will relate to thee in full, fair ingrate,
+dear enemy, the condition to which I am reduced on thy account: if
+it be thy pleasure to give me relief, I am thine; if not, do as may be
+pleasing to thee; for by ending my life I shall satisfy thy cruelty
+and my desire.
+
+"Thine till death,
+
+"The Knight of the Rueful Countenance."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "By the life of my father," said Sancho, when he heard the letter, "it is
+      the loftiest thing I ever heard. Body of me! how your worship says
+      everything as you like in it! And how well you fit in 'The Knight of the
+      Rueful Countenance' into the signature. I declare your worship is indeed
+      the very devil, and there is nothing you don't know."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Everything is needed for the calling I follow," said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Now then," said Sancho, "let your worship put the order for the three
+      ass-colts on the other side, and sign it very plainly, that they may
+      recognise it at first sight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said Don Quixote, and as he had written it he read it
+      to this effect:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mistress Niece,&mdash;By this first of ass-colts please pay to Sancho
+      Panza, my squire, three of the five I left at home in your charge: said
+      three ass-colts to be paid and delivered for the same number received here
+      in hand, which upon this and upon his receipt shall be duly paid. Done in
+      the heart of the Sierra Morena, the twenty-seventh of August of this
+      present year."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That will do," said Sancho; "now let your worship sign it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no need to sign it," said Don Quixote, "but merely to put my
+      flourish, which is the same as a signature, and enough for three asses, or
+      even three hundred."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I can trust your worship," returned Sancho; "let me go and saddle
+      Rocinante, and be ready to give me your blessing, for I mean to go at once
+      without seeing the fooleries your worship is going to do; I'll say I saw
+      you do so many that she will not want any more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At any rate, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "I should like&mdash;and there is
+      reason for it&mdash;I should like thee, I say, to see me stripped to the
+      skin and performing a dozen or two of insanities, which I can get done in
+      less than half an hour; for having seen them with thine own eyes, thou
+      canst then safely swear to the rest that thou wouldst add; and I promise
+      thee thou wilt not tell of as many as I mean to perform."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the love of God, master mine," said Sancho, "let me not see your
+      worship stripped, for it will sorely grieve me, and I shall not be able to
+      keep from tears, and my head aches so with all I shed last night for
+      Dapple, that I am not fit to begin any fresh weeping; but if it is your
+      worship's pleasure that I should see some insanities, do them in your
+      clothes, short ones, and such as come readiest to hand; for I myself want
+      nothing of the sort, and, as I have said, it will be a saving of time for
+      my return, which will be with the news your worship desires and deserves.
+      If not, let the lady Dulcinea look to it; if she does not answer
+      reasonably, I swear as solemnly as I can that I will fetch a fair answer
+      out of her stomach with kicks and cuffs; for why should it be borne that a
+      knight-errant as famous as your worship should go mad without rhyme or
+      reason for a&mdash;? Her ladyship had best not drive me to say it, for by
+      God I will speak out and let off everything cheap, even if it doesn't
+      sell: I am pretty good at that! she little knows me; faith, if she knew me
+      she'd be in awe of me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In faith, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "to all appearance thou art no
+      sounder in thy wits than I."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am not so mad," answered Sancho, "but I am more peppery; but apart from
+      all this, what has your worship to eat until I come back? Will you sally
+      out on the road like Cardenio to force it from the shepherds?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let not that anxiety trouble thee," replied Don Quixote, "for even if I
+      had it I should not eat anything but the herbs and the fruits which this
+      meadow and these trees may yield me; the beauty of this business of mine
+      lies in not eating, and in performing other mortifications."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do you know what I am afraid of?" said Sancho upon this; "that I shall
+      not be able to find my way back to this spot where I am leaving you, it is
+      such an out-of-the-way place."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Observe the landmarks well," said Don Quixote, "for I will try not to go
+      far from this neighbourhood, and I will even take care to mount the
+      highest of these rocks to see if I can discover thee returning; however,
+      not to miss me and lose thyself, the best plan will be to cut some
+      branches of the broom that is so abundant about here, and as thou goest to
+      lay them at intervals until thou hast come out upon the plain; these will
+      serve thee, after the fashion of the clue in the labyrinth of Theseus, as
+      marks and signs for finding me on thy return."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So I will," said Sancho Panza, and having cut some, he asked his master's
+      blessing, and not without many tears on both sides, took his leave of him,
+      and mounting Rocinante, of whom Don Quixote charged him earnestly to have
+      as much care as of his own person, he set out for the plain, strewing at
+      intervals the branches of broom as his master had recommended him; and so
+      he went his way, though Don Quixote still entreated him to see him do were
+      it only a couple of mad acts. He had not gone a hundred paces, however,
+      when he returned and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I must say, senor, your worship said quite right, that in order to be
+      able to swear without a weight on my conscience that I had seen you do mad
+      things, it would be well for me to see if it were only one; though in your
+      worship's remaining here I have seen a very great one."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c25c" id="c25c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c25c.jpg (261K)" src="images/c25c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c25c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did I not tell thee so?" said Don Quixote. "Wait, Sancho, and I will do
+      them in the saying of a credo," and pulling off his breeches in all haste
+      he stripped himself to his skin and his shirt, and then, without more ado,
+      he cut a couple of gambados in the air, and a couple of somersaults, heels
+      over head, making such a display that, not to see it a second time, Sancho
+      wheeled Rocinante round, and felt easy, and satisfied in his mind that he
+      could swear he had left his master mad; and so we will leave him to follow
+      his road until his return, which was a quick one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c25e" id="c25e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c25e.jpg (20K)" src="images/c25e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch26" id="ch26"></a>CHAPTER XXVI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH ARE CONTINUED THE REFINEMENTS WHEREWITH DON QUIXOTE PLAYED THE
+      PART OF A LOVER IN THE SIERRA MORENA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c26a" id="c26a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c26a.jpg (111K)" src="images/c26a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c26a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Returning to the proceedings of him of the Rueful Countenance when he
+      found himself alone, the history says that when Don Quixote had completed
+      the performance of the somersaults or capers, naked from the waist down
+      and clothed from the waist up, and saw that Sancho had gone off without
+      waiting to see any more crazy feats, he climbed up to the top of a high
+      rock, and there set himself to consider what he had several times before
+      considered without ever coming to any conclusion on the point, namely
+      whether it would be better and more to his purpose to imitate the
+      outrageous madness of Roland, or the melancholy madness of Amadis; and
+      communing with himself he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What wonder is it if Roland was so good a knight and so valiant as
+      everyone says he was, when, after all, he was enchanted, and nobody could
+      kill him save by thrusting a corking pin into the sole of his foot, and he
+      always wore shoes with seven iron soles? Though cunning devices did not
+      avail him against Bernardo del Carpio, who knew all about them, and
+      strangled him in his arms at Roncesvalles. But putting the question of his
+      valour aside, let us come to his losing his wits, for certain it is that
+      he did lose them in consequence of the proofs he discovered at the
+      fountain, and the intelligence the shepherd gave him of Angelica having
+      slept more than two siestas with Medoro, a little curly-headed Moor, and
+      page to Agramante. If he was persuaded that this was true, and that his
+      lady had wronged him, it is no wonder that he should have gone mad; but I,
+      how am I to imitate him in his madness, unless I can imitate him in the
+      cause of it? For my Dulcinea, I will venture to swear, never saw a Moor in
+      her life, as he is, in his proper costume, and she is this day as the
+      mother that bore her, and I should plainly be doing her a wrong if,
+      fancying anything else, I were to go mad with the same kind of madness as
+      Roland the Furious. On the other hand, I see that Amadis of Gaul, without
+      losing his senses and without doing anything mad, acquired as a lover as
+      much fame as the most famous; for, according to his history, on finding
+      himself rejected by his lady Oriana, who had ordered him not to appear in
+      her presence until it should be her pleasure, all he did was to retire to
+      the Pena Pobre in company with a hermit, and there he took his fill of
+      weeping until Heaven sent him relief in the midst of his great grief and
+      need. And if this be true, as it is, why should I now take the trouble to
+      strip stark naked, or do mischief to these trees which have done me no
+      harm, or why am I to disturb the clear waters of these brooks which will
+      give me to drink whenever I have a mind? Long live the memory of Amadis
+      and let him be imitated so far as is possible by Don Quixote of La Mancha,
+      of whom it will be said, as was said of the other, that if he did not
+      achieve great things, he died in attempting them; and if I am not repulsed
+      or rejected by my Dulcinea, it is enough for me, as I have said, to be
+      absent from her. And so, now to business; come to my memory ye deeds of
+      Amadis, and show me how I am to begin to imitate you. I know already that
+      what he chiefly did was to pray and commend himself to God; but what am I
+      to do for a rosary, for I have not got one?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And then it occurred to him how he might make one, and that was by tearing
+      a great strip off the tail of his shirt which hung down, and making eleven
+      knots on it, one bigger than the rest, and this served him for a rosary
+      all the time he was there, during which he repeated countless ave-marias.
+      But what distressed him greatly was not having another hermit there to
+      confess him and receive consolation from; and so he solaced himself with
+      pacing up and down the little meadow, and writing and carving on the bark
+      of the trees and on the fine sand a multitude of verses all in harmony
+      with his sadness, and some in praise of Dulcinea; but, when he was found
+      there afterwards, the only ones completely legible that could be
+      discovered were those that follow here:
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+Ye on the mountain side that grow,
+  Ye green things all, trees, shrubs, and bushes,
+Are ye aweary of the woe
+  That this poor aching bosom crushes?
+If it disturb you, and I owe
+    Some reparation, it may be a
+Defence for me to let you know
+Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
+    And all for distant Dulcinea
+                         Del Toboso.
+
+The lealest lover time can show,
+  Doomed for a lady-love to languish,
+Among these solitudes doth go,
+  A prey to every kind of anguish.
+Why Love should like a spiteful foe
+  Thus use him, he hath no idea,
+But hogsheads full&mdash;this doth he know&mdash;
+Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
+    And all for distant Dulcinea
+                       Del Toboso.
+
+Adventure-seeking doth he go
+  Up rugged heights, down rocky valleys,
+But hill or dale, or high or low,
+  Mishap attendeth all his sallies:
+Love still pursues him to and fro,
+  And plies his cruel scourge&mdash;ah me! a
+Relentless fate, an endless woe;
+Don Quixote's tears are on the flow,
+    And all for distant Dulcinea
+                       Del Toboso.
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      The addition of "Del Toboso" to Dulcinea's name gave rise to no little
+      laughter among those who found the above lines, for they suspected Don
+      Quixote must have fancied that unless he added "del Toboso" when he
+      introduced the name of Dulcinea the verse would be unintelligible; which
+      was indeed the fact, as he himself afterwards admitted. He wrote many
+      more, but, as has been said, these three verses were all that could be
+      plainly and perfectly deciphered. In this way, and in sighing and calling
+      on the fauns and satyrs of the woods and the nymphs of the streams, and
+      Echo, moist and mournful, to answer, console, and hear him, as well as in
+      looking for herbs to sustain him, he passed his time until Sancho's
+      return; and had that been delayed three weeks, as it was three days, the
+      Knight of the Rueful Countenance would have worn such an altered
+      countenance that the mother that bore him would not have known him: and
+      here it will be well to leave him, wrapped up in sighs and verses, to
+      relate how Sancho Panza fared on his mission.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As for him, coming out upon the high road, he made for El Toboso, and the
+      next day reached the inn where the mishap of the blanket had befallen him.
+      As soon as he recognised it he felt as if he were once more living through
+      the air, and he could not bring himself to enter it though it was an hour
+      when he might well have done so, for it was dinner-time, and he longed to
+      taste something hot as it had been all cold fare with him for many days
+      past. This craving drove him to draw near to the inn, still undecided
+      whether to go in or not, and as he was hesitating there came out two
+      persons who at once recognised him, and said one to the other:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor licentiate, is not he on the horse there Sancho Panza who, our
+      adventurer's housekeeper told us, went off with her master as esquire?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it is," said the licentiate, "and that is our friend Don Quixote's
+      horse;" and if they knew him so well it was because they were the curate
+      and the barber of his own village, the same who had carried out the
+      scrutiny and sentence upon the books; and as soon as they recognised
+      Sancho Panza and Rocinante, being anxious to hear of Don Quixote, they
+      approached, and calling him by his name the curate said, "Friend Sancho
+      Panza, where is your master?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho recognised them at once, and determined to keep secret the place
+      and circumstances where and under which he had left his master, so he
+      replied that his master was engaged in a certain quarter on a certain
+      matter of great importance to him which he could not disclose for the eyes
+      in his head.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay, nay," said the barber, "if you don't tell us where he is, Sancho
+      Panza, we will suspect as we suspect already, that you have murdered and
+      robbed him, for here you are mounted on his horse; in fact, you must
+      produce the master of the hack, or else take the consequences."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no need of threats with me," said Sancho, "for I am not a man to
+      rob or murder anybody; let his own fate, or God who made him, kill each
+      one; my master is engaged very much to his taste doing penance in the
+      midst of these mountains;" and then, offhand and without stopping, he told
+      them how he had left him, what adventures had befallen him, and how he was
+      carrying a letter to the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, the daughter of Lorenzo
+      Corchuelo, with whom he was over head and ears in love. They were both
+      amazed at what Sancho Panza told them; for though they were aware of Don
+      Quixote's madness and the nature of it, each time they heard of it they
+      were filled with fresh wonder. They then asked Sancho Panza to show them
+      the letter he was carrying to the lady Dulcinea del Toboso. He said it was
+      written in a note-book, and that his master's directions were that he
+      should have it copied on paper at the first village he came to. On this
+      the curate said if he showed it to him, he himself would make a fair copy
+      of it. Sancho put his hand into his bosom in search of the note-book but
+      could not find it, nor, if he had been searching until now, could he have
+      found it, for Don Quixote had kept it, and had never given it to him, nor
+      had he himself thought of asking for it. When Sancho discovered he could
+      not find the book his face grew deadly pale, and in great haste he again
+      felt his body all over, and seeing plainly it was not to be found, without
+      more ado he seized his beard with both hands and plucked away half of it,
+      and then, as quick as he could and without stopping, gave himself half a
+      dozen cuffs on the face and nose till they were bathed in blood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing this, the curate and the barber asked him what had happened him
+      that he gave himself such rough treatment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What should happen to me?" replied Sancho, "but to have lost from one hand
+      to the other, in a moment, three ass-colts, each of them like a castle?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How is that?" said the barber.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have lost the note-book," said Sancho, "that contained the letter to
+      Dulcinea, and an order signed by my master in which he directed his niece
+      to give me three ass-colts out of four or five he had at home;" and he
+      then told them about the loss of Dapple.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate consoled him, telling him that when his master was found he
+      would get him to renew the order, and make a fresh draft on paper, as was
+      usual and customary; for those made in notebooks were never accepted or
+      honoured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho comforted himself with this, and said if that were so the loss of
+      Dulcinea's letter did not trouble him much, for he had it almost by heart,
+      and it could be taken down from him wherever and whenever they liked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Repeat it then, Sancho," said the barber, "and we will write it down
+      afterwards."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho Panza stopped to scratch his head to bring back the letter to his
+      memory, and balanced himself now on one foot, now the other, one moment
+      staring at the ground, the next at the sky, and after having half gnawed
+      off the end of a finger and kept them in suspense waiting for him to
+      begin, he said, after a long pause, "By God, senor licentiate, devil a
+      thing can I recollect of the letter; but it said at the beginning,
+      'Exalted and scrubbing Lady.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It cannot have said 'scrubbing,'" said the barber, "but 'superhuman' or
+      'sovereign.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is it," said Sancho; "then, as well as I remember, it went on, 'The
+      wounded, and wanting of sleep, and the pierced, kisses your worship's
+      hands, ungrateful and very unrecognised fair one; and it said something or
+      other about health and sickness that he was sending her; and from that it
+      went tailing off until it ended with 'Yours till death, the Knight of the
+      Rueful Countenance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It gave them no little amusement, both of them, to see what a good memory
+      Sancho had, and they complimented him greatly upon it, and begged him to
+      repeat the letter a couple of times more, so that they too might get it by
+      heart to write it out by-and-by. Sancho repeated it three times, and as he
+      did, uttered three thousand more absurdities; then he told them more about
+      his master but he never said a word about the blanketing that had befallen
+      himself in that inn, into which he refused to enter. He told them,
+      moreover, how his lord, if he brought him a favourable answer from the
+      lady Dulcinea del Toboso, was to put himself in the way of endeavouring to
+      become an emperor, or at least a monarch; for it had been so settled
+      between them, and with his personal worth and the might of his arm it was
+      an easy matter to come to be one: and how on becoming one his lord was to
+      make a marriage for him (for he would be a widower by that time, as a
+      matter of course) and was to give him as a wife one of the damsels of the
+      empress, the heiress of some rich and grand state on the mainland, having
+      nothing to do with islands of any sort, for he did not care for them now.
+      All this Sancho delivered with so much composure&mdash;wiping his nose
+      from time to time&mdash;and with so little common-sense that his two
+      hearers were again filled with wonder at the force of Don Quixote's
+      madness that could run away with this poor man's reason. They did not care
+      to take the trouble of disabusing him of his error, as they considered
+      that since it did not in any way hurt his conscience it would be better to
+      leave him in it, and they would have all the more amusement in listening
+      to his simplicities; and so they bade him pray to God for his lord's
+      health, as it was a very likely and a very feasible thing for him in
+      course of time to come to be an emperor, as he said, or at least an
+      archbishop or some other dignitary of equal rank.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Sancho made answer, "If fortune, sirs, should bring things about
+      in such a way that my master should have a mind, instead of being an
+      emperor, to be an archbishop, I should like to know what
+      archbishops-errant commonly give their squires?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They commonly give them," said the curate, some simple benefice or cure,
+      or some place as sacristan which brings them a good fixed income, not
+      counting the altar fees, which may be reckoned at as much more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But for that," said Sancho, "the squire must be unmarried, and must know,
+      at any rate, how to help at mass, and if that be so, woe is me, for I am
+      married already and I don't know the first letter of the A B C. What will
+      become of me if my master takes a fancy to be an archbishop and not an
+      emperor, as is usual and customary with knights-errant?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be not uneasy, friend Sancho," said the barber, "for we will entreat your
+      master, and advise him, even urging it upon him as a case of conscience,
+      to become an emperor and not an archbishop, because it will be easier for
+      him as he is more valiant than lettered."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So I have thought," said Sancho; "though I can tell you he is fit for
+      anything: what I mean to do for my part is to pray to our Lord to place
+      him where it may be best for him, and where he may be able to bestow most
+      favours upon me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You speak like a man of sense," said the curate, "and you will be acting
+      like a good Christian; but what must now be done is to take steps to coax
+      your master out of that useless penance you say he is performing; and we
+      had best turn into this inn to consider what plan to adopt, and also to
+      dine, for it is now time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho said they might go in, but that he would wait there outside, and
+      that he would tell them afterwards the reason why he was unwilling, and
+      why it did not suit him to enter it; but he begged them to bring him out
+      something to eat, and to let it be hot, and also to bring barley for
+      Rocinante. They left him and went in, and presently the barber brought him
+      out something to eat. By-and-by, after they had between them carefully
+      thought over what they should do to carry out their object, the curate hit
+      upon an idea very well adapted to humour Don Quixote, and effect their
+      purpose; and his notion, which he explained to the barber, was that he
+      himself should assume the disguise of a wandering damsel, while the other
+      should try as best he could to pass for a squire, and that they should
+      thus proceed to where Don Quixote was, and he, pretending to be an
+      aggrieved and distressed damsel, should ask a favour of him, which as a
+      valiant knight-errant he could not refuse to grant; and the favour he
+      meant to ask him was that he should accompany her whither she would
+      conduct him, in order to redress a wrong which a wicked knight had done
+      her, while at the same time she should entreat him not to require her to
+      remove her mask, nor ask her any question touching her circumstances until
+      he had righted her with the wicked knight. And he had no doubt that Don
+      Quixote would comply with any request made in these terms, and that in
+      this way they might remove him and take him to his own village, where they
+      would endeavour to find out if his extraordinary madness admitted of any
+      kind of remedy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c26e" id="c26e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c26e.jpg (48K)" src="images/c26e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch27" id="ch27"></a>CHAPTER XXVII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF HOW THE CURATE AND THE BARBER PROCEEDED WITH THEIR SCHEME; TOGETHER
+      WITH OTHER MATTERS WORTHY OF RECORD IN THIS GREAT HISTORY
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c27a" id="c27a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c27a.jpg (169K)" src="images/c27a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c27a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate's plan did not seem a bad one to the barber, but on the
+      contrary so good that they immediately set about putting it in execution.
+      They begged a petticoat and hood of the landlady, leaving her in pledge a
+      new cassock of the curate's; and the barber made a beard out of a
+      grey-brown or red ox-tail in which the landlord used to stick his comb.
+      The landlady asked them what they wanted these things for, and the curate
+      told her in a few words about the madness of Don Quixote, and how this
+      disguise was intended to get him away from the mountain where he then was.
+      The landlord and landlady immediately came to the conclusion that the
+      madman was their guest, the balsam man and master of the blanketed squire,
+      and they told the curate all that had passed between him and them, not
+      omitting what Sancho had been so silent about. Finally the landlady
+      dressed up the curate in a style that left nothing to be desired; she put
+      on him a cloth petticoat with black velvet stripes a palm broad, all
+      slashed, and a bodice of green velvet set off by a binding of white satin,
+      which as well as the petticoat must have been made in the time of king
+      Wamba. The curate would not let them hood him, but put on his head a
+      little quilted linen cap which he used for a night-cap, and bound his
+      forehead with a strip of black silk, while with another he made a mask
+      with which he concealed his beard and face very well. He then put on his
+      hat, which was broad enough to serve him for an umbrella, and enveloping
+      himself in his cloak seated himself woman-fashion on his mule, while the
+      barber mounted his with a beard down to the waist of mingled red and
+      white, for it was, as has been said, the tail of a clay-red ox.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They took leave of all, and of the good Maritornes, who, sinner as she
+      was, promised to pray a rosary of prayers that God might grant them
+      success in such an arduous and Christian undertaking as that they had in
+      hand. But hardly had he sallied forth from the inn when it struck the
+      curate that he was doing wrong in rigging himself out in that fashion, as
+      it was an indecorous thing for a priest to dress himself that way even
+      though much might depend upon it; and saying so to the barber he begged
+      him to change dresses, as it was fitter he should be the distressed
+      damsel, while he himself would play the squire's part, which would be less
+      derogatory to his dignity; otherwise he was resolved to have nothing more
+      to do with the matter, and let the devil take Don Quixote. Just at this
+      moment Sancho came up, and on seeing the pair in such a costume he was
+      unable to restrain his laughter; the barber, however, agreed to do as the
+      curate wished, and, altering their plan, the curate went on to instruct
+      him how to play his part and what to say to Don Quixote to induce and
+      compel him to come with them and give up his fancy for the place he had
+      chosen for his idle penance. The barber told him he could manage it
+      properly without any instruction, and as he did not care to dress himself
+      up until they were near where Don Quixote was, he folded up the garments,
+      and the curate adjusted his beard, and they set out under the guidance of
+      Sancho Panza, who went along telling them of the encounter with the madman
+      they met in the Sierra, saying nothing, however, about the finding of the
+      valise and its contents; for with all his simplicity the lad was a trifle
+      covetous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next day they reached the place where Sancho had laid the
+      broom-branches as marks to direct him to where he had left his master, and
+      recognising it he told them that here was the entrance, and that they
+      would do well to dress themselves, if that was required to deliver his
+      master; for they had already told him that going in this guise and
+      dressing in this way were of the highest importance in order to rescue his
+      master from the pernicious life he had adopted; and they charged him
+      strictly not to tell his master who they were, or that he knew them, and
+      should he ask, as ask he would, if he had given the letter to Dulcinea, to
+      say that he had, and that, as she did not know how to read, she had given
+      an answer by word of mouth, saying that she commanded him, on pain of her
+      displeasure, to come and see her at once; and it was a very important
+      matter for himself, because in this way and with what they meant to say to
+      him they felt sure of bringing him back to a better mode of life and
+      inducing him to take immediate steps to become an emperor or monarch, for
+      there was no fear of his becoming an archbishop. All this Sancho listened
+      to and fixed it well in his memory, and thanked them heartily for
+      intending to recommend his master to be an emperor instead of an
+      archbishop, for he felt sure that in the way of bestowing rewards on their
+      squires emperors could do more than archbishops-errant. He said, too, that
+      it would be as well for him to go on before them to find him, and give him
+      his lady's answer; for that perhaps might be enough to bring him away from
+      the place without putting them to all this trouble. They approved of what
+      Sancho proposed, and resolved to wait for him until he brought back word
+      of having found his master.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho pushed on into the glens of the Sierra, leaving them in one through
+      which there flowed a little gentle rivulet, and where the rocks and trees
+      afforded a cool and grateful shade. It was an August day with all the heat
+      of one, and the heat in those parts is intense, and the hour was three in
+      the afternoon, all which made the spot the more inviting and tempted them
+      to wait there for Sancho's return, which they did. They were reposing,
+      then, in the shade, when a voice unaccompanied by the notes of any
+      instrument, but sweet and pleasing in its tone, reached their ears, at
+      which they were not a little astonished, as the place did not seem to them
+      likely quarters for one who sang so well; for though it is often said that
+      shepherds of rare voice are to be found in the woods and fields, this is
+      rather a flight of the poet's fancy than the truth. And still more
+      surprised were they when they perceived that what they heard sung were the
+      verses not of rustic shepherds, but of the polished wits of the city; and
+      so it proved, for the verses they heard were these:
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+What makes my quest of happiness seem vain?
+    Disdain.
+What bids me to abandon hope of ease?
+    Jealousies.
+What holds my heart in anguish of suspense?
+    Absence.
+  If that be so, then for my grief
+  Where shall I turn to seek relief,
+  When hope on every side lies slain
+  By Absence, Jealousies, Disdain?
+
+What the prime cause of all my woe doth prove?
+    Love.
+What at my glory ever looks askance?
+    Chance.
+Whence is permission to afflict me given?
+    Heaven.
+  If that be so, I but await
+  The stroke of a resistless fate,
+  Since, working for my woe, these three,
+  Love, Chance and Heaven, in league I see.
+
+What must I do to find a remedy?
+    Die.
+What is the lure for love when coy and strange?
+    Change.
+What, if all fail, will cure the heart of sadness?
+    Madness.
+  If that be so, it is but folly
+  To seek a cure for melancholy:
+  Ask where it lies; the answer saith
+  In Change, in Madness, or in Death.
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      The hour, the summer season, the solitary place, the voice and skill of
+      the singer, all contributed to the wonder and delight of the two
+      listeners, who remained still waiting to hear something more; finding,
+      however, that the silence continued some little time, they resolved to go
+      in search of the musician who sang with so fine a voice; but just as they
+      were about to do so they were checked by the same voice, which once more
+      fell upon their ears, singing this
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+When heavenward, holy Friendship, thou didst go
+  Soaring to seek thy home beyond the sky,
+  And take thy seat among the saints on high,
+It was thy will to leave on earth below
+Thy semblance, and upon it to bestow
+  Thy veil, wherewith at times hypocrisy,
+  Parading in thy shape, deceives the eye,
+And makes its vileness bright as virtue show.
+Friendship, return to us, or force the cheat
+  That wears it now, thy livery to restore,
+    By aid whereof sincerity is slain.
+If thou wilt not unmask thy counterfeit,
+  This earth will be the prey of strife once more,
+    As when primaeval discord held its reign.
+
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      The song ended with a deep sigh, and again the listeners remained waiting
+      attentively for the singer to resume; but perceiving that the music had
+      now turned to sobs and heart-rending moans they determined to find out who
+      the unhappy being could be whose voice was as rare as his sighs were
+      piteous, and they had not proceeded far when on turning the corner of a
+      rock they discovered a man of the same aspect and appearance as Sancho had
+      described to them when he told them the story of Cardenio. He, showing no
+      astonishment when he saw them, stood still with his head bent down upon
+      his breast like one in deep thought, without raising his eyes to look at
+      them after the first glance when they suddenly came upon him. The curate,
+      who was aware of his misfortune and recognised him by the description,
+      being a man of good address, approached him and in a few sensible words
+      entreated and urged him to quit a life of such misery, lest he should end
+      it there, which would be the greatest of all misfortunes. Cardenio was
+      then in his right mind, free from any attack of that madness which so
+      frequently carried him away, and seeing them dressed in a fashion so
+      unusual among the frequenters of those wilds, could not help showing some
+      surprise, especially when he heard them speak of his case as if it were a
+      well-known matter (for the curate's words gave him to understand as much)
+      so he replied to them thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I see plainly, sirs, whoever you may be, that Heaven, whose care it is to
+      succour the good, and even the wicked very often, here, in this remote
+      spot, cut off from human intercourse, sends me, though I deserve it not,
+      those who seek to draw me away from this to some better retreat, showing
+      me by many and forcible arguments how unreasonably I act in leading the
+      life I do; but as they know, that if I escape from this evil I shall fall
+      into another still greater, perhaps they will set me down as a weak-minded
+      man, or, what is worse, one devoid of reason; nor would it be any wonder,
+      for I myself can perceive that the effect of the recollection of my
+      misfortunes is so great and works so powerfully to my ruin, that in spite
+      of myself I become at times like a stone, without feeling or
+      consciousness; and I come to feel the truth of it when they tell me and
+      show me proofs of the things I have done when the terrible fit overmasters
+      me; and all I can do is bewail my lot in vain, and idly curse my destiny,
+      and plead for my madness by telling how it was caused, to any that care to
+      hear it; for no reasonable beings on learning the cause will wonder at the
+      effects; and if they cannot help me at least they will not blame me, and
+      the repugnance they feel at my wild ways will turn into pity for my woes.
+      If it be, sirs, that you are here with the same design as others have come
+      wah, before you proceed with your wise arguments, I entreat you to hear
+      the story of my countless misfortunes, for perhaps when you have heard it
+      you will spare yourselves the trouble you would take in offering
+      consolation to grief that is beyond the reach of it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As they, both of them, desired nothing more than to hear from his own lips
+      the cause of his suffering, they entreated him to tell it, promising not
+      to do anything for his relief or comfort that he did not wish; and
+      thereupon the unhappy gentleman began his sad story in nearly the same
+      words and manner in which he had related it to Don Quixote and the
+      goatherd a few days before, when, through Master Elisabad, and Don
+      Quixote's scrupulous observance of what was due to chivalry, the tale was
+      left unfinished, as this history has already recorded; but now fortunately
+      the mad fit kept off, allowed him to tell it to the end; and so, coming to
+      the incident of the note which Don Fernando had found in the volume of
+      "Amadis of Gaul," Cardenio said that he remembered it perfectly and that
+      it was in these words:
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p>
+        "Luscinda to Cardenio.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        "Every day I discover merits in you that oblige and compel me to hold
+        you in higher estimation; so if you desire to relieve me of this
+        obligation without cost to my honour, you may easily do so. I have a
+        father who knows you and loves me dearly, who without putting any
+        constraint on my inclination will grant what will be reasonable for you
+        to have, if it be that you value me as you say and as I believe you do."
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      "By this letter I was induced, as I told you, to demand Luscinda for my
+      wife, and it was through it that Luscinda came to be regarded by Don
+      Fernando as one of the most discreet and prudent women of the day, and
+      this letter it was that suggested his design of ruining me before mine
+      could be carried into effect. I told Don Fernando that all Luscinda's
+      father was waiting for was that mine should ask her of him, which I did
+      not dare to suggest to him, fearing that he would not consent to do so;
+      not because he did not know perfectly well the rank, goodness, virtue, and
+      beauty of Luscinda, and that she had qualities that would do honour to any
+      family in Spain, but because I was aware that he did not wish me to marry
+      so soon, before seeing what the Duke Ricardo would do for me. In short, I
+      told him I did not venture to mention it to my father, as well on account
+      of that difficulty, as of many others that discouraged me though I knew
+      not well what they were, only that it seemed to me that what I desired was
+      never to come to pass. To all this Don Fernando answered that he would
+      take it upon himself to speak to my father, and persuade him to speak to
+      Luscinda's father. O, ambitious Marius! O, cruel Catiline! O, wicked
+      Sylla! O, perfidious Ganelon! O, treacherous Vellido! O, vindictive
+      Julian! O, covetous Judas! Traitor, cruel, vindictive, and perfidious,
+      wherein had this poor wretch failed in his fidelity, who with such
+      frankness showed thee the secrets and the joys of his heart? What offence
+      did I commit? What words did I utter, or what counsels did I give that had
+      not the furtherance of thy honour and welfare for their aim? But, woe is
+      me, wherefore do I complain? for sure it is that when misfortunes spring
+      from the stars, descending from on high they fall upon us with such fury
+      and violence that no power on earth can check their course nor human
+      device stay their coming. Who could have thought that Don Fernando, a
+      highborn gentleman, intelligent, bound to me by gratitude for my services,
+      one that could win the object of his love wherever he might set his
+      affections, could have become so obdurate, as they say, as to rob me of my
+      one ewe lamb that was not even yet in my possession? But laying aside
+      these useless and unavailing reflections, let us take up the broken thread
+      of my unhappy story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To proceed, then: Don Fernando finding my presence an obstacle to the
+      execution of his treacherous and wicked design, resolved to send me to his
+      elder brother under the pretext of asking money from him to pay for six
+      horses which, purposely, and with the sole object of sending me away that
+      he might the better carry out his infernal scheme, he had purchased the
+      very day he offered to speak to my father, and the price of which he now
+      desired me to fetch. Could I have anticipated this treachery? Could I by
+      any chance have suspected it? Nay; so far from that, I offered with the
+      greatest pleasure to go at once, in my satisfaction at the good bargain
+      that had been made. That night I spoke with Luscinda, and told her what
+      had been agreed upon with Don Fernando, and how I had strong hopes of our
+      fair and reasonable wishes being realised. She, as unsuspicious as I was
+      of the treachery of Don Fernando, bade me try to return speedily, as she
+      believed the fulfilment of our desires would be delayed only so long as my
+      father put off speaking to hers. I know not why it was that on saying this
+      to me her eyes filled with tears, and there came a lump in her throat that
+      prevented her from uttering a word of many more that it seemed to me she
+      was striving to say to me. I was astonished at this unusual turn, which I
+      never before observed in her. for we always conversed, whenever good
+      fortune and my ingenuity gave us the chance, with the greatest gaiety and
+      cheerfulness, mingling tears, sighs, jealousies, doubts, or fears with our
+      words; it was all on my part a eulogy of my good fortune that Heaven
+      should have given her to me for my mistress; I glorified her beauty, I
+      extolled her worth and her understanding; and she paid me back by praising
+      in me what in her love for me she thought worthy of praise; and besides we
+      had a hundred thousand trifles and doings of our neighbours and
+      acquaintances to talk about, and the utmost extent of my boldness was to
+      take, almost by force, one of her fair white hands and carry it to my
+      lips, as well as the closeness of the low grating that separated us
+      allowed me. But the night before the unhappy day of my departure she wept,
+      she moaned, she sighed, and she withdrew leaving me filled with perplexity
+      and amazement, overwhelmed at the sight of such strange and affecting
+      signs of grief and sorrow in Luscinda; but not to dash my hopes I ascribed
+      it all to the depth of her love for me and the pain that separation gives
+      those who love tenderly. At last I took my departure, sad and dejected, my
+      heart filled with fancies and suspicions, but not knowing well what it was
+      I suspected or fancied; plain omens pointing to the sad event and
+      misfortune that was awaiting me.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I reached the place whither I had been sent, gave the letter to Don
+      Fernando's brother, and was kindly received but not promptly dismissed,
+      for he desired me to wait, very much against my will, eight days in some
+      place where the duke his father was not likely to see me, as his brother
+      wrote that the money was to be sent without his knowledge; all of which
+      was a scheme of the treacherous Don Fernando, for his brother had no want
+      of money to enable him to despatch me at once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The command was one that exposed me to the temptation of disobeying it,
+      as it seemed to me impossible to endure life for so many days separated
+      from Luscinda, especially after leaving her in the sorrowful mood I have
+      described to you; nevertheless as a dutiful servant I obeyed, though I
+      felt it would be at the cost of my well-being. But four days later there
+      came a man in quest of me with a letter which he gave me, and which by the
+      address I perceived to be from Luscinda, as the writing was hers. I opened
+      it with fear and trepidation, persuaded that it must be something serious
+      that had impelled her to write to me when at a distance, as she seldom did
+      so when I was near. Before reading it I asked the man who it was that had
+      given it to him, and how long he had been upon the road; he told me that
+      as he happened to be passing through one of the streets of the city at the
+      hour of noon, a very beautiful lady called to him from a window, and with
+      tears in her eyes said to him hurriedly, 'Brother, if you are, as you seem
+      to be, a Christian, for the love of God I entreat you to have this letter
+      despatched without a moment's delay to the place and person named in the
+      address, all which is well known, and by this you will render a great
+      service to our Lord; and that you may be at no inconvenience in doing so
+      take what is in this handkerchief;' and said he, 'with this she threw me a
+      handkerchief out of the window in which were tied up a hundred reals and
+      this gold ring which I bring here together with the letter I have given
+      you. And then without waiting for any answer she left the window, though
+      not before she saw me take the letter and the handkerchief, and I had by
+      signs let her know that I would do as she bade me; and so, seeing myself
+      so well paid for the trouble I would have in bringing it to you, and
+      knowing by the address that it was to you it was sent (for, senor, I know
+      you very well), and also unable to resist that beautiful lady's tears, I
+      resolved to trust no one else, but to come myself and give it to you, and
+      in sixteen hours from the time when it was given me I have made the
+      journey, which, as you know, is eighteen leagues.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All the while the good-natured improvised courier was telling me this, I
+      hung upon his words, my legs trembling under me so that I could scarcely
+      stand. However, I opened the letter and read these words:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'The promise Don Fernando gave you to urge your father to speak to mine,
+      he has fulfilled much more to his own satisfaction than to your advantage.
+      I have to tell you, senor, that he has demanded me for a wife, and my
+      father, led away by what he considers Don Fernando's superiority over you,
+      has favoured his suit so cordially, that in two days hence the betrothal
+      is to take place with such secrecy and so privately that the only
+      witnesses are to be the Heavens above and a few of the household. Picture
+      to yourself the state I am in; judge if it be urgent for you to come; the
+      issue of the affair will show you whether I love you or not. God grant
+      this may come to your hand before mine shall be forced to link itself with
+      his who keeps so ill the faith that he has pledged.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, in brief, were the words of the letter, words that made me set out
+      at once without waiting any longer for reply or money; for I now saw
+      clearly that it was not the purchase of horses but of his own pleasure
+      that had made Don Fernando send me to his brother. The exasperation I felt
+      against Don Fernando, joined with the fear of losing the prize I had won
+      by so many years of love and devotion, lent me wings; so that almost
+      flying I reached home the same day, by the hour which served for speaking
+      with Luscinda. I arrived unobserved, and left the mule on which I had come
+      at the house of the worthy man who had brought me the letter, and fortune
+      was pleased to be for once so kind that I found Luscinda at the grating
+      that was the witness of our loves. She recognised me at once, and I her,
+      but not as she ought to have recognised me, or I her. But who is there in
+      the world that can boast of having fathomed or understood the wavering
+      mind and unstable nature of a woman? Of a truth no one. To proceed: as
+      soon as Luscinda saw me she said, 'Cardenio, I am in my bridal dress, and
+      the treacherous Don Fernando and my covetous father are waiting for me in
+      the hall with the other witnesses, who shall be the witnesses of my death
+      before they witness my betrothal. Be not distressed, my friend, but
+      contrive to be present at this sacrifice, and if that cannot be prevented
+      by my words, I have a dagger concealed which will prevent more deliberate
+      violence, putting an end to my life and giving thee a first proof of the
+      love I have borne and bear thee.' I replied to her distractedly and
+      hastily, in fear lest I should not have time to reply, 'May thy words be
+      verified by thy deeds, lady; and if thou hast a dagger to save thy honour,
+      I have a sword to defend thee or kill myself if fortune be against us.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I think she could not have heard all these words, for I perceived that
+      they called her away in haste, as the bridegroom was waiting. Now the
+      night of my sorrow set in, the sun of my happiness went down, I felt my
+      eyes bereft of sight, my mind of reason. I could not enter the house, nor
+      was I capable of any movement; but reflecting how important it was that I
+      should be present at what might take place on the occasion, I nerved
+      myself as best I could and went in, for I well knew all the entrances and
+      outlets; and besides, with the confusion that in secret pervaded the house
+      no one took notice of me, so, without being seen, I found an opportunity
+      of placing myself in the recess formed by a window of the hall itself, and
+      concealed by the ends and borders of two tapestries, from between which I
+      could, without being seen, see all that took place in the room. Who could
+      describe the agitation of heart I suffered as I stood there&mdash;the
+      thoughts that came to me&mdash;the reflections that passed through my
+      mind? They were such as cannot be, nor were it well they should be, told.
+      Suffice it to say that the bridegroom entered the hall in his usual dress,
+      without ornament of any kind; as groomsman he had with him a cousin of
+      Luscinda's and except the servants of the house there was no one else in
+      the chamber. Soon afterwards Luscinda came out from an antechamber,
+      attended by her mother and two of her damsels, arrayed and adorned as
+      became her rank and beauty, and in full festival and ceremonial attire. My
+      anxiety and distraction did not allow me to observe or notice particularly
+      what she wore; I could only perceive the colours, which were crimson and
+      white, and the glitter of the gems and jewels on her head dress and
+      apparel, surpassed by the rare beauty of her lovely auburn hair that vying
+      with the precious stones and the light of the four torches that stood in
+      the hall shone with a brighter gleam than all. Oh memory, mortal foe of my
+      peace! why bring before me now the incomparable beauty of that adored
+      enemy of mine? Were it not better, cruel memory, to remind me and recall
+      what she then did, that stirred by a wrong so glaring I may seek, if not
+      vengeance now, at least to rid myself of life? Be not weary, sirs, of
+      listening to these digressions; my sorrow is not one of those that can or
+      should be told tersely and briefly, for to me each incident seems to call
+      for many words."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this the curate replied that not only were they not weary of listening
+      to him, but that the details he mentioned interested them greatly, being
+      of a kind by no means to be omitted and deserving of the same attention as
+      the main story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To proceed, then," continued Cardenio: "all being assembled in the hall,
+      the priest of the parish came in and as he took the pair by the hand to
+      perform the requisite ceremony, at the words, 'Will you, Senora Luscinda,
+      take Senor Don Fernando, here present, for your lawful husband, as the
+      holy Mother Church ordains?' I thrust my head and neck out from between
+      the tapestries, and with eager ears and throbbing heart set myself to
+      listen to Luscinda's answer, awaiting in her reply the sentence of death
+      or the grant of life. Oh, that I had but dared at that moment to rush
+      forward crying aloud, 'Luscinda, Luscinda! have a care what thou dost;
+      remember what thou owest me; bethink thee thou art mine and canst not be
+      another's; reflect that thy utterance of "Yes" and the end of my life will
+      come at the same instant. O, treacherous Don Fernando! robber of my glory,
+      death of my life! What seekest thou? Remember that thou canst not as a
+      Christian attain the object of thy wishes, for Luscinda is my bride, and I
+      am her husband!' Fool that I am! now that I am far away, and out of
+      danger, I say I should have done what I did not do: now that I have
+      allowed my precious treasure to be robbed from me, I curse the robber, on
+      whom I might have taken vengeance had I as much heart for it as I have for
+      bewailing my fate; in short, as I was then a coward and a fool, little
+      wonder is it if I am now dying shame-stricken, remorseful, and mad.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The priest stood waiting for the answer of Luscinda, who for a long time
+      withheld it; and just as I thought she was taking out the dagger to save
+      her honour, or struggling for words to make some declaration of the truth
+      on my behalf, I heard her say in a faint and feeble voice, 'I will:' Don
+      Fernando said the same, and giving her the ring they stood linked by a
+      knot that could never be loosed. The bridegroom then approached to embrace
+      his bride; and she, pressing her hand upon her heart, fell fainting in her
+      mother's arms. It only remains now for me to tell you the state I was in
+      when in that consent that I heard I saw all my hopes mocked, the words and
+      promises of Luscinda proved falsehoods, and the recovery of the prize I
+      had that instant lost rendered impossible for ever. I stood stupefied,
+      wholly abandoned, it seemed, by Heaven, declared the enemy of the earth
+      that bore me, the air refusing me breath for my sighs, the water moisture
+      for my tears; it was only the fire that gathered strength so that my whole
+      frame glowed with rage and jealousy. They were all thrown into confusion
+      by Luscinda's fainting, and as her mother was unlacing her to give her air
+      a sealed paper was discovered in her bosom which Don Fernando seized at
+      once and began to read by the light of one of the torches. As soon as he
+      had read it he seated himself in a chair, leaning his cheek on his hand in
+      the attitude of one deep in thought, without taking any part in the
+      efforts that were being made to recover his bride from her fainting fit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Seeing all the household in confusion, I ventured to come out regardless
+      whether I were seen or not, and determined, if I were, to do some frenzied
+      deed that would prove to all the world the righteous indignation of my
+      breast in the punishment of the treacherous Don Fernando, and even in that
+      of the fickle fainting traitress. But my fate, doubtless reserving me for
+      greater sorrows, if such there be, so ordered it that just then I had
+      enough and to spare of that reason which has since been wanting to me; and
+      so, without seeking to take vengeance on my greatest enemies (which might
+      have been easily taken, as all thought of me was so far from their minds),
+      I resolved to take it upon myself, and on myself to inflict the pain they
+      deserved, perhaps with even greater severity than I should have dealt out
+      to them had I then slain them; for sudden pain is soon over, but that
+      which is protracted by tortures is ever slaying without ending life. In a
+      word, I quitted the house and reached that of the man with whom I had left
+      my mule; I made him saddle it for me, mounted without bidding him
+      farewell, and rode out of the city, like another Lot, not daring to turn
+      my head to look back upon it; and when I found myself alone in the open
+      country, screened by the darkness of the night, and tempted by the
+      stillness to give vent to my grief without apprehension or fear of being
+      heard or seen, then I broke silence and lifted up my voice in maledictions
+      upon Luscinda and Don Fernando, as if I could thus avenge the wrong they
+      had done me. I called her cruel, ungrateful, false, thankless, but above
+      all covetous, since the wealth of my enemy had blinded the eyes of her
+      affection, and turned it from me to transfer it to one to whom fortune had
+      been more generous and liberal. And yet, in the midst of this outburst of
+      execration and upbraiding, I found excuses for her, saying it was no
+      wonder that a young girl in the seclusion of her parents' house, trained
+      and schooled to obey them always, should have been ready to yield to their
+      wishes when they offered her for a husband a gentleman of such
+      distinction, wealth, and noble birth, that if she had refused to accept
+      him she would have been thought out of her senses, or to have set her
+      affection elsewhere, a suspicion injurious to her fair name and fame. But
+      then again, I said, had she declared I was her husband, they would have
+      seen that in choosing me she had not chosen so ill but that they might
+      excuse her, for before Don Fernando had made his offer, they themselves
+      could not have desired, if their desires had been ruled by reason, a more
+      eligible husband for their daughter than I was; and she, before taking the
+      last fatal step of giving her hand, might easily have said that I had
+      already given her mine, for I should have come forward to support any
+      assertion of hers to that effect. In short, I came to the conclusion that
+      feeble love, little reflection, great ambition, and a craving for rank,
+      had made her forget the words with which she had deceived me, encouraged
+      and supported by my firm hopes and honourable passion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus soliloquising and agitated, I journeyed onward for the remainder of
+      the night, and by daybreak I reached one of the passes of these mountains,
+      among which I wandered for three days more without taking any path or
+      road, until I came to some meadows lying on I know not which side of the
+      mountains, and there I inquired of some herdsmen in what direction the
+      most rugged part of the range lay. They told me that it was in this
+      quarter, and I at once directed my course hither, intending to end my life
+      here; but as I was making my way among these crags, my mule dropped dead
+      through fatigue and hunger, or, as I think more likely, in order to have
+      done with such a worthless burden as it bore in me. I was left on foot,
+      worn out, famishing, without anyone to help me or any thought of seeking
+      help: and so thus I lay stretched on the ground, how long I know not,
+      after which I rose up free from hunger, and found beside me some
+      goatherds, who no doubt were the persons who had relieved me in my need,
+      for they told me how they had found me, and how I had been uttering
+      ravings that showed plainly I had lost my reason; and since then I am
+      conscious that I am not always in full possession of it, but at times so
+      deranged and crazed that I do a thousand mad things, tearing my clothes,
+      crying aloud in these solitudes, cursing my fate, and idly calling on the
+      dear name of her who is my enemy, and only seeking to end my life in
+      lamentation; and when I recover my senses I find myself so exhausted and
+      weary that I can scarcely move. Most commonly my dwelling is the hollow of
+      a cork tree large enough to shelter this miserable body; the herdsmen and
+      goatherds who frequent these mountains, moved by compassion, furnish me
+      with food, leaving it by the wayside or on the rocks, where they think I
+      may perhaps pass and find it; and so, even though I may be then out of my
+      senses, the wants of nature teach me what is required to sustain me, and
+      make me crave it and eager to take it. At other times, so they tell me
+      when they find me in a rational mood, I sally out upon the road, and
+      though they would gladly give it me, I snatch food by force from the
+      shepherds bringing it from the village to their huts. Thus do pass the
+      wretched life that remains to me, until it be Heaven's will to bring it to
+      a close, or so to order my memory that I no longer recollect the beauty
+      and treachery of Luscinda, or the wrong done me by Don Fernando; for if it
+      will do this without depriving me of life, I will turn my thoughts into
+      some better channel; if not, I can only implore it to have full mercy on
+      my soul, for in myself I feel no power or strength to release my body from
+      this strait in which I have of my own accord chosen to place it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, sirs, is the dismal story of my misfortune: say if it be one that
+      can be told with less emotion than you have seen in me; and do not trouble
+      yourselves with urging or pressing upon me what reason suggests as likely
+      to serve for my relief, for it will avail me as much as the medicine
+      prescribed by a wise physician avails the sick man who will not take it. I
+      have no wish for health without Luscinda; and since it is her pleasure to
+      be another's, when she is or should be mine, let it be mine to be a prey
+      to misery when I might have enjoyed happiness. She by her fickleness
+      strove to make my ruin irretrievable; I will strive to gratify her wishes
+      by seeking destruction; and it will show generations to come that I alone
+      was deprived of that of which all others in misfortune have a
+      superabundance, for to them the impossibility of being consoled is itself
+      a consolation, while to me it is the cause of greater sorrows and
+      sufferings, for I think that even in death there will not be an end of
+      them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here Cardenio brought to a close his long discourse and story, as full of
+      misfortune as it was of love; but just as the curate was going to address
+      some words of comfort to him, he was stopped by a voice that reached his
+      ear, saying in melancholy tones what will be told in the Fourth Part of
+      this narrative; for at this point the sage and sagacious historian, Cid
+      Hamete Benengeli, brought the Third to a conclusion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c27e" id="c27e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c27e.jpg (65K)" src="images/c27e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch28" id="ch28"></a>CHAPTER XXVIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE STRANGE AND DELIGHTFUL ADVENTURE THAT BEFELL THE
+      CURATE AND THE BARBER IN THE SAME SIERRA
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c28a" id="c28a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28a.jpg (159K)" src="images/c28a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c28a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Happy and fortunate were the times when that most daring knight Don
+      Quixote of La Mancha was sent into the world; for by reason of his having
+      formed a resolution so honourable as that of seeking to revive and restore
+      to the world the long-lost and almost defunct order of knight-errantry, we
+      now enjoy in this age of ours, so poor in light entertainment, not only
+      the charm of his veracious history, but also of the tales and episodes
+      contained in it which are, in a measure, no less pleasing, ingenious, and
+      truthful, than the history itself; which, resuming its thread, carded,
+      spun, and wound, relates that just as the curate was going to offer
+      consolation to Cardenio, he was interrupted by a voice that fell upon his
+      ear saying in plaintive tones:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O God! is it possible I have found a place that may serve as a secret
+      grave for the weary load of this body that I support so unwillingly? If
+      the solitude these mountains promise deceives me not, it is so; ah! woe is
+      me! how much more grateful to my mind will be the society of these rocks
+      and brakes that permit me to complain of my misfortune to Heaven, than
+      that of any human being, for there is none on earth to look to for counsel
+      in doubt, comfort in sorrow, or relief in distress!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this was heard distinctly by the curate and those with him, and as it
+      seemed to them to be uttered close by, as indeed it was, they got up to
+      look for the speaker, and before they had gone twenty paces they
+      discovered behind a rock, seated at the foot of an ash tree, a youth in
+      the dress of a peasant, whose face they were unable at the moment to see
+      as he was leaning forward, bathing his feet in the brook that flowed past.
+      They approached so silently that he did not perceive them, being fully
+      occupied in bathing his feet, which were so fair that they looked like two
+      pieces of shining crystal brought forth among the other stones of the
+      brook. The whiteness and beauty of these feet struck them with surprise,
+      for they did not seem to have been made to crush clods or to follow the
+      plough and the oxen as their owner's dress suggested; and so, finding they
+      had not been noticed, the curate, who was in front, made a sign to the
+      other two to conceal themselves behind some fragments of rock that lay
+      there; which they did, observing closely what the youth was about. He had
+      on a loose double-skirted dark brown jacket bound tight to his body with a
+      white cloth; he wore besides breeches and gaiters of brown cloth, and on
+      his head a brown montera; and he had the gaiters turned up as far as the
+      middle of the leg, which verily seemed to be of pure alabaster.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c28b" id="c28b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28b.jpg (339K)" src="images/c28b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c28b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as he had done bathing his beautiful feet, he wiped them with a
+      towel he took from under the montera, on taking off which he raised his
+      face, and those who were watching him had an opportunity of seeing a
+      beauty so exquisite that Cardenio said to the curate in a whisper:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As this is not Luscinda, it is no human creature but a divine being."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The youth then took off the montera, and shaking his head from side to
+      side there broke loose and spread out a mass of hair that the beams of the
+      sun might have envied; by this they knew that what had seemed a peasant
+      was a lovely woman, nay the most beautiful the eyes of two of them had
+      ever beheld, or even Cardenio's if they had not seen and known Luscinda,
+      for he afterwards declared that only the beauty of Luscinda could compare
+      with this. The long auburn tresses not only covered her shoulders, but
+      such was their length and abundance, concealed her all round beneath their
+      masses, so that except the feet nothing of her form was visible. She now
+      used her hands as a comb, and if her feet had seemed like bits of crystal
+      in the water, her hands looked like pieces of driven snow among her locks;
+      all which increased not only the admiration of the three beholders, but
+      their anxiety to learn who she was. With this object they resolved to show
+      themselves, and at the stir they made in getting upon their feet the fair
+      damsel raised her head, and parting her hair from before her eyes with
+      both hands, she looked to see who had made the noise, and the instant she
+      perceived them she started to her feet, and without waiting to put on her
+      shoes or gather up her hair, hastily snatched up a bundle as though of
+      clothes that she had beside her, and, scared and alarmed, endeavoured to
+      take flight; but before she had gone six paces she fell to the ground, her
+      delicate feet being unable to bear the roughness of the stones; seeing
+      which, the three hastened towards her, and the curate addressing her first
+      said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Stay, senora, whoever you may be, for those whom you see here only desire
+      to be of service to you; you have no need to attempt a flight so heedless,
+      for neither can your feet bear it, nor we allow it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Taken by surprise and bewildered, she made no reply to these words. They,
+      however, came towards her, and the curate taking her hand went on to say:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What your dress would hide, senora, is made known to us by your hair; a
+      clear proof that it can be no trifling cause that has disguised your
+      beauty in a garb so unworthy of it, and sent it into solitudes like these
+      where we have had the good fortune to find you, if not to relieve your
+      distress, at least to offer you comfort; for no distress, so long as life
+      lasts, can be so oppressive or reach such a height as to make the sufferer
+      refuse to listen to comfort offered with good intention. And so, senora,
+      or senor, or whatever you prefer to be, dismiss the fears that our
+      appearance has caused you and make us acquainted with your good or evil
+      fortunes, for from all of us together, or from each one of us, you will
+      receive sympathy in your trouble."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While the curate was speaking, the disguised damsel stood as if
+      spell-bound, looking at them without opening her lips or uttering a word,
+      just like a village rustic to whom something strange that he has never
+      seen before has been suddenly shown; but on the curate addressing some
+      further words to the same effect to her, sighing deeply she broke silence
+      and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Since the solitude of these mountains has been unable to conceal me, and
+      the escape of my dishevelled tresses will not allow my tongue to deal in
+      falsehoods, it would be idle for me now to make any further pretence of
+      what, if you were to believe me, you would believe more out of courtesy
+      than for any other reason. This being so, I say I thank you, sirs, for the
+      offer you have made me, which places me under the obligation of complying
+      with the request you have made of me; though I fear the account I shall
+      give you of my misfortunes will excite in you as much concern as
+      compassion, for you will be unable to suggest anything to remedy them or
+      any consolation to alleviate them. However, that my honour may not be left
+      a matter of doubt in your minds, now that you have discovered me to be a
+      woman, and see that I am young, alone, and in this dress, things that
+      taken together or separately would be enough to destroy any good name, I
+      feel bound to tell what I would willingly keep secret if I could."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this she who was now seen to be a lovely woman delivered without any
+      hesitation, with so much ease and in so sweet a voice that they were not
+      less charmed by her intelligence than by her beauty, and as they again
+      repeated their offers and entreaties to her to fulfil her promise, she
+      without further pressing, first modestly covering her feet and gathering
+      up her hair, seated herself on a stone with the three placed around her,
+      and, after an effort to restrain some tears that came to her eyes, in a
+      clear and steady voice began her story thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In this Andalusia there is a town from which a duke takes a title which
+      makes him one of those that are called Grandees of Spain. This nobleman
+      has two sons, the elder heir to his dignity and apparently to his good
+      qualities; the younger heir to I know not what, unless it be the treachery
+      of Vellido and the falsehood of Ganelon. My parents are this lord's
+      vassals, lowly in origin, but so wealthy that if birth had conferred as
+      much on them as fortune, they would have had nothing left to desire, nor
+      should I have had reason to fear trouble like that in which I find myself
+      now; for it may be that my ill fortune came of theirs in not having been
+      nobly born. It is true they are not so low that they have any reason to be
+      ashamed of their condition, but neither are they so high as to remove from
+      my mind the impression that my mishap comes of their humble birth. They
+      are, in short, peasants, plain homely people, without any taint of
+      disreputable blood, and, as the saying is, old rusty Christians, but so
+      rich that by their wealth and free-handed way of life they are coming by
+      degrees to be considered gentlefolk by birth, and even by position; though
+      the wealth and nobility they thought most of was having me for their
+      daughter; and as they have no other child to make their heir, and are
+      affectionate parents, I was one of the most indulged daughters that ever
+      parents indulged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I was the mirror in which they beheld themselves, the staff of their old
+      age, and the object in which, with submission to Heaven, all their wishes
+      centred, and mine were in accordance with theirs, for I knew their worth;
+      and as I was mistress of their hearts, so was I also of their possessions.
+      Through me they engaged or dismissed their servants; through my hands
+      passed the accounts and returns of what was sown and reaped; the
+      oil-mills, the wine-presses, the count of the flocks and herds, the
+      beehives, all in short that a rich farmer like my father has or can have,
+      I had under my care, and I acted as steward and mistress with an assiduity
+      on my part and satisfaction on theirs that I cannot well describe to you.
+      The leisure hours left to me after I had given the requisite orders to the
+      head-shepherds, overseers, and other labourers, I passed in such
+      employments as are not only allowable but necessary for young girls, those
+      that the needle, embroidery cushion, and spinning wheel usually afford,
+      and if to refresh my mind I quitted them for a while, I found recreation
+      in reading some devotional book or playing the harp, for experience taught
+      me that music soothes the troubled mind and relieves weariness of spirit.
+      Such was the life I led in my parents' house and if I have depicted it
+      thus minutely, it is not out of ostentation, or to let you know that I am
+      rich, but that you may see how, without any fault of mine, I have fallen
+      from the happy condition I have described, to the misery I am in at
+      present. The truth is, that while I was leading this busy life, in a
+      retirement that might compare with that of a monastery, and unseen as I
+      thought by any except the servants of the house (for when I went to Mass
+      it was so early in the morning, and I was so closely attended by my mother
+      and the women of the household, and so thickly veiled and so shy, that my
+      eyes scarcely saw more ground than I trod on), in spite of all this, the
+      eyes of love, or idleness, more properly speaking, that the lynx's cannot
+      rival, discovered me, with the help of the assiduity of Don Fernando; for
+      that is the name of the younger son of the duke I told of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The moment the speaker mentioned the name of Don Fernando, Cardenio
+      changed colour and broke into a sweat, with such signs of emotion that the
+      curate and the barber, who observed it, feared that one of the mad fits
+      which they heard attacked him sometimes was coming upon him; but Cardenio
+      showed no further agitation and remained quiet, regarding the peasant girl
+      with fixed attention, for he began to suspect who she was. She, however,
+      without noticing the excitement of Cardenio, continuing her story, went on
+      to say:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And they had hardly discovered me, when, as he owned afterwards, he was
+      smitten with a violent love for me, as the manner in which it displayed
+      itself plainly showed. But to shorten the long recital of my woes, I will
+      pass over in silence all the artifices employed by Don Fernando for
+      declaring his passion for me. He bribed all the household, he gave and
+      offered gifts and presents to my parents; every day was like a holiday or
+      a merry-making in our street; by night no one could sleep for the music;
+      the love letters that used to come to my hand, no one knew how, were
+      innumerable, full of tender pleadings and pledges, containing more
+      promises and oaths than there were letters in them; all which not only did
+      not soften me, but hardened my heart against him, as if he had been my
+      mortal enemy, and as if everything he did to make me yield were done with
+      the opposite intention. Not that the high-bred bearing of Don Fernando was
+      disagreeable to me, or that I found his importunities wearisome; for it
+      gave me a certain sort of satisfaction to find myself so sought and prized
+      by a gentleman of such distinction, and I was not displeased at seeing my
+      praises in his letters (for however ugly we women may be, it seems to me
+      it always pleases us to hear ourselves called beautiful) but that my own
+      sense of right was opposed to all this, as well as the repeated advice of
+      my parents, who now very plainly perceived Don Fernando's purpose, for he
+      cared very little if all the world knew it. They told me they trusted and
+      confided their honour and good name to my virtue and rectitude alone, and
+      bade me consider the disparity between Don Fernando and myself, from which
+      I might conclude that his intentions, whatever he might say to the
+      contrary, had for their aim his own pleasure rather than my advantage; and
+      if I were at all desirous of opposing an obstacle to his unreasonable
+      suit, they were ready, they said, to marry me at once to anyone I
+      preferred, either among the leading people of our own town, or of any of
+      those in the neighbourhood; for with their wealth and my good name, a
+      match might be looked for in any quarter. This offer, and their sound
+      advice strengthened my resolution, and I never gave Don Fernando a word in
+      reply that could hold out to him any hope of success, however remote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c28c" id="c28c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28c.jpg (279K)" src="images/c28c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c28c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All this caution of mine, which he must have taken for coyness, had
+      apparently the effect of increasing his wanton appetite&mdash;for that is
+      the name I give to his passion for me; had it been what he declared it to
+      be, you would not know of it now, because there would have been no
+      occasion to tell you of it. At length he learned that my parents were
+      contemplating marriage for me in order to put an end to his hopes of
+      obtaining possession of me, or at least to secure additional protectors to
+      watch over me, and this intelligence or suspicion made him act as you
+      shall hear. One night, as I was in my chamber with no other companion than
+      a damsel who waited on me, with the doors carefully locked lest my honour
+      should be imperilled through any carelessness, I know not nor can conceive
+      how it happened, but, with all this seclusion and these precautions, and
+      in the solitude and silence of my retirement, I found him standing before
+      me, a vision that so astounded me that it deprived my eyes of sight, and
+      my tongue of speech. I had no power to utter a cry, nor, I think, did he
+      give me time to utter one, as he immediately approached me, and taking me
+      in his arms (for, overwhelmed as I was, I was powerless, I say, to help
+      myself), he began to make such professions to me that I know not how
+      falsehood could have had the power of dressing them up to seem so like
+      truth; and the traitor contrived that his tears should vouch for his
+      words, and his sighs for his sincerity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I, a poor young creature alone, ill versed among my people in cases such
+      as this, began, I know not how, to think all these lying protestations
+      true, though without being moved by his sighs and tears to anything more
+      than pure compassion; and so, as the first feeling of bewilderment passed
+      away, and I began in some degree to recover myself, I said to him with
+      more courage than I thought I could have possessed, 'If, as I am now in
+      your arms, senor, I were in the claws of a fierce lion, and my deliverance
+      could be procured by doing or saying anything to the prejudice of my
+      honour, it would no more be in my power to do it or say it, than it would
+      be possible that what was should not have been; so then, if you hold my
+      body clasped in your arms, I hold my soul secured by virtuous intentions,
+      very different from yours, as you will see if you attempt to carry them
+      into effect by force. I am your vassal, but I am not your slave; your
+      nobility neither has nor should have any right to dishonour or degrade my
+      humble birth; and low-born peasant as I am, I have my self-respect as much
+      as you, a lord and gentleman: with me your violence will be to no purpose,
+      your wealth will have no weight, your words will have no power to deceive
+      me, nor your sighs or tears to soften me: were I to see any of the things
+      I speak of in him whom my parents gave me as a husband, his will should be
+      mine, and mine should be bounded by his; and my honour being preserved
+      even though my inclinations were not would willingly yield him what you,
+      senor, would now obtain by force; and this I say lest you should suppose
+      that any but my lawful husband shall ever win anything of me.' 'If that,'
+      said this disloyal gentleman, 'be the only scruple you feel, fairest
+      Dorothea' (for that is the name of this unhappy being), 'see here I give
+      you my hand to be yours, and let Heaven, from which nothing is hid, and
+      this image of Our Lady you have here, be witnesses of this pledge.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c28d" id="c28d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28d.jpg (289K)" src="images/c28d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c28d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Cardenio heard her say she was called Dorothea, he showed fresh
+      agitation and felt convinced of the truth of his former suspicion, but he
+      was unwilling to interrupt the story, and wished to hear the end of what
+      he already all but knew, so he merely said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What! is Dorothea your name, senora? I have heard of another of the same
+      name who can perhaps match your misfortunes. But proceed; by-and-by I may
+      tell you something that will astonish you as much as it will excite your
+      compassion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea was struck by Cardenio's words as well as by his strange and
+      miserable attire, and begged him if he knew anything concerning her to
+      tell it to her at once, for if fortune had left her any blessing it was
+      courage to bear whatever calamity might fall upon her, as she felt sure
+      that none could reach her capable of increasing in any degree what she
+      endured already.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would not let the occasion pass, senora," replied Cardenio, "of telling
+      you what I think, if what I suspect were the truth, but so far there has
+      been no opportunity, nor is it of any importance to you to know it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be it as it may," replied Dorothea, "what happened in my story was that
+      Don Fernando, taking an image that stood in the chamber, placed it as a
+      witness of our betrothal, and with the most binding words and extravagant
+      oaths gave me his promise to become my husband; though before he had made
+      an end of pledging himself I bade him consider well what he was doing, and
+      think of the anger his father would feel at seeing him married to a
+      peasant girl and one of his vassals; I told him not to let my beauty, such
+      as it was, blind him, for that was not enough to furnish an excuse for his
+      transgression; and if in the love he bore me he wished to do me any
+      kindness, it would be to leave my lot to follow its course at the level my
+      condition required; for marriages so unequal never brought happiness, nor
+      did they continue long to afford the enjoyment they began with.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All this that I have now repeated I said to him, and much more which I
+      cannot recollect; but it had no effect in inducing him to forego his
+      purpose; he who has no intention of paying does not trouble himself about
+      difficulties when he is striking the bargain. At the same time I argued
+      the matter briefly in my own mind, saying to myself, 'I shall not be the
+      first who has risen through marriage from a lowly to a lofty station, nor
+      will Don Fernando be the first whom beauty or, as is more likely, a blind
+      attachment, has led to mate himself below his rank. Then, since I am
+      introducing no new usage or practice, I may as well avail myself of the
+      honour that chance offers me, for even though his inclination for me
+      should not outlast the attainment of his wishes, I shall be, after all,
+      his wife before God. And if I strive to repel him by scorn, I can see
+      that, fair means failing, he is in a mood to use force, and I shall be
+      left dishonoured and without any means of proving my innocence to those
+      who cannot know how innocently I have come to be in this position; for
+      what arguments would persuade my parents that this gentleman entered my
+      chamber without my consent?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All these questions and answers passed through my mind in a moment; but
+      the oaths of Don Fernando, the witnesses he appealed to, the tears he
+      shed, and lastly the charms of his person and his high-bred grace, which,
+      accompanied by such signs of genuine love, might well have conquered a
+      heart even more free and coy than mine&mdash;these were the things that
+      more than all began to influence me and lead me unawares to my ruin. I
+      called my waiting-maid to me, that there might be a witness on earth
+      besides those in Heaven, and again Don Fernando renewed and repeated his
+      oaths, invoked as witnesses fresh saints in addition to the former ones,
+      called down upon himself a thousand curses hereafter should he fail to
+      keep his promise, shed more tears, redoubled his sighs and pressed me
+      closer in his arms, from which he had never allowed me to escape; and so I
+      was left by my maid, and ceased to be one, and he became a traitor and a
+      perjured man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The day which followed the night of my misfortune did not come so
+      quickly, I imagine, as Don Fernando wished, for when desire has attained
+      its object, the greatest pleasure is to fly from the scene of pleasure. I
+      say so because Don Fernando made all haste to leave me, and by the
+      adroitness of my maid, who was indeed the one who had admitted him, gained
+      the street before daybreak; but on taking leave of me he told me, though
+      not with as much earnestness and fervour as when he came, that I might
+      rest assured of his faith and of the sanctity and sincerity of his oaths;
+      and to confirm his words he drew a rich ring off his finger and placed it
+      upon mine. He then took his departure and I was left, I know not whether
+      sorrowful or happy; all I can say is, I was left agitated and troubled in
+      mind and almost bewildered by what had taken place, and I had not the
+      spirit, or else it did not occur to me, to chide my maid for the treachery
+      she had been guilty of in concealing Don Fernando in my chamber; for as
+      yet I was unable to make up my mind whether what had befallen me was for
+      good or evil. I told Don Fernando at parting, that as I was now his, he
+      might see me on other nights in the same way, until it should be his
+      pleasure to let the matter become known; but, except the following night,
+      he came no more, nor for more than a month could I catch a glimpse of him
+      in the street or in church, while I wearied myself with watching for one;
+      although I knew he was in the town, and almost every day went out hunting,
+      a pastime he was very fond of. I remember well how sad and dreary those
+      days and hours were to me; I remember well how I began to doubt as they
+      went by, and even to lose confidence in the faith of Don Fernando; and I
+      remember, too, how my maid heard those words in reproof of her audacity
+      that she had not heard before, and how I was forced to put a constraint on
+      my tears and on the expression of my countenance, not to give my parents
+      cause to ask me why I was so melancholy, and drive me to invent falsehoods
+      in reply. But all this was suddenly brought to an end, for the time came
+      when all such considerations were disregarded, and there was no further
+      question of honour, when my patience gave way and the secret of my heart
+      became known abroad. The reason was, that a few days later it was reported
+      in the town that Don Fernando had been married in a neighbouring city to a
+      maiden of rare beauty, the daughter of parents of distinguished position,
+      though not so rich that her portion would entitle her to look for so
+      brilliant a match; it was said, too, that her name was Luscinda, and that
+      at the betrothal some strange things had happened."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio heard the name of Luscinda, but he only shrugged his shoulders,
+      bit his lips, bent his brows, and before long two streams of tears escaped
+      from his eyes. Dorothea, however, did not interrupt her story, but went on
+      in these words:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This sad intelligence reached my ears, and, instead of being struck with
+      a chill, with such wrath and fury did my heart burn that I scarcely
+      restrained myself from rushing out into the streets, crying aloud and
+      proclaiming openly the perfidy and treachery of which I was the victim;
+      but this transport of rage was for the time checked by a resolution I
+      formed, to be carried out the same night, and that was to assume this
+      dress, which I got from a servant of my father's, one of the zagals, as
+      they are called in farmhouses, to whom I confided the whole of my
+      misfortune, and whom I entreated to accompany me to the city where I heard
+      my enemy was. He, though he remonstrated with me for my boldness, and
+      condemned my resolution, when he saw me bent upon my purpose, offered to
+      bear me company, as he said, to the end of the world. I at once packed up
+      in a linen pillow-case a woman's dress, and some jewels and money to
+      provide for emergencies, and in the silence of the night, without letting
+      my treacherous maid know, I sallied forth from the house, accompanied by
+      my servant and abundant anxieties, and on foot set out for the city, but
+      borne as it were on wings by my eagerness to reach it, if not to prevent
+      what I presumed to be already done, at least to call upon Don Fernando to
+      tell me with what conscience he had done it. I reached my destination in
+      two days and a half, and on entering the city inquired for the house of
+      Luscinda's parents. The first person I asked gave me more in reply than I
+      sought to know; he showed me the house, and told me all that had occurred
+      at the betrothal of the daughter of the family, an affair of such
+      notoriety in the city that it was the talk of every knot of idlers in the
+      street. He said that on the night of Don Fernando's betrothal with
+      Luscinda, as soon as she had consented to be his bride by saying 'Yes,'
+      she was taken with a sudden fainting fit, and that on the bridegroom
+      approaching to unlace the bosom of her dress to give her air, he found a
+      paper in her own handwriting, in which she said and declared that she
+      could not be Don Fernando's bride, because she was already Cardenio's,
+      who, according to the man's account, was a gentleman of distinction of the
+      same city; and that if she had accepted Don Fernando, it was only in
+      obedience to her parents. In short, he said, the words of the paper made
+      it clear she meant to kill herself on the completion of the betrothal, and
+      gave her reasons for putting an end to herself all which was confirmed, it
+      was said, by a dagger they found somewhere in her clothes. On seeing this,
+      Don Fernando, persuaded that Luscinda had befooled, slighted, and trifled
+      with him, assailed her before she had recovered from her swoon, and tried
+      to stab her with the dagger that had been found, and would have succeeded
+      had not her parents and those who were present prevented him. It was said,
+      moreover, that Don Fernando went away at once, and that Luscinda did not
+      recover from her prostration until the next day, when she told her parents
+      how she was really the bride of that Cardenio I have mentioned. I learned
+      besides that Cardenio, according to report, had been present at the
+      betrothal; and that upon seeing her betrothed contrary to his expectation,
+      he had quitted the city in despair, leaving behind him a letter declaring
+      the wrong Luscinda had done him, and his intention of going where no one
+      should ever see him again. All this was a matter of notoriety in the city,
+      and everyone spoke of it; especially when it became known that Luscinda
+      was missing from her father's house and from the city, for she was not to
+      be found anywhere, to the distraction of her parents, who knew not what
+      steps to take to recover her. What I learned revived my hopes, and I was
+      better pleased not to have found Don Fernando than to find him married,
+      for it seemed to me that the door was not yet entirely shut upon relief in
+      my case, and I thought that perhaps Heaven had put this impediment in the
+      way of the second marriage, to lead him to recognise his obligations under
+      the former one, and reflect that as a Christian he was bound to consider
+      his soul above all human objects. All this passed through my mind, and I
+      strove to comfort myself without comfort, indulging in faint and distant
+      hopes of cherishing that life that I now abhor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But while I was in the city, uncertain what to do, as I could not find
+      Don Fernando, I heard notice given by the public crier offering a great
+      reward to anyone who should find me, and giving the particulars of my age
+      and of the very dress I wore; and I heard it said that the lad who came
+      with me had taken me away from my father's house; a thing that cut me to
+      the heart, showing how low my good name had fallen, since it was not
+      enough that I should lose it by my flight, but they must add with whom I
+      had fled, and that one so much beneath me and so unworthy of my
+      consideration. The instant I heard the notice I quitted the city with my
+      servant, who now began to show signs of wavering in his fidelity to me,
+      and the same night, for fear of discovery, we entered the most thickly
+      wooded part of these mountains. But, as is commonly said, one evil calls
+      up another and the end of one misfortune is apt to be the beginning of one
+      still greater, and so it proved in my case; for my worthy servant, until
+      then so faithful and trusty when he found me in this lonely spot, moved
+      more by his own villainy than by my beauty, sought to take advantage of
+      the opportunity which these solitudes seemed to present him, and with
+      little shame and less fear of God and respect for me, began to make
+      overtures to me; and finding that I replied to the effrontery of his
+      proposals with justly severe language, he laid aside the entreaties which
+      he had employed at first, and began to use violence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c28e" id="c28e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28e.jpg (324K)" src="images/c28e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c28e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But just Heaven, that seldom fails to watch over and aid good intentions,
+      so aided mine that with my slight strength and with little exertion I
+      pushed him over a precipice, where I left him, whether dead or alive I
+      know not; and then, with greater speed than seemed possible in my terror
+      and fatigue, I made my way into the mountains, without any other thought
+      or purpose save that of hiding myself among them, and escaping my father
+      and those despatched in search of me by his orders. It is now I know not
+      how many months since with this object I came here, where I met a herdsman
+      who engaged me as his servant at a place in the heart of this Sierra, and
+      all this time I have been serving him as herd, striving to keep always
+      afield to hide these locks which have now unexpectedly betrayed me. But
+      all my care and pains were unavailing, for my master made the discovery
+      that I was not a man, and harboured the same base designs as my servant;
+      and as fortune does not always supply a remedy in cases of difficulty, and
+      I had no precipice or ravine at hand down which to fling the master and
+      cure his passion, as I had in the servant's case, I thought it a lesser
+      evil to leave him and again conceal myself among these crags, than make
+      trial of my strength and argument with him. So, as I say, once more I went
+      into hiding to seek for some place where I might with sighs and tears
+      implore Heaven to have pity on my misery, and grant me help and strength
+      to escape from it, or let me die among the solitudes, leaving no trace of
+      an unhappy being who, by no fault of hers, has furnished matter for talk
+      and scandal at home and abroad."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c28f" id="c28f"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c28f.jpg (42K)" src="images/c28f.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch29" id="ch29"></a>CHAPTER XXIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE DROLL DEVICE AND METHOD ADOPTED TO EXTRICATE OUR
+      LOVE-STRICKEN KNIGHT FROM THE SEVERE PENANCE HE HAD IMPOSED UPON HIMSELF
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c29a" id="c29a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29a.jpg (99K)" src="images/c29a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, sirs, is the true story of my sad adventures; judge for yourselves
+      now whether the sighs and lamentations you heard, and the tears that
+      flowed from my eyes, had not sufficient cause even if I had indulged in
+      them more freely; and if you consider the nature of my misfortune you will
+      see that consolation is idle, as there is no possible remedy for it. All I
+      ask of you is, what you may easily and reasonably do, to show me where I
+      may pass my life unharassed by the fear and dread of discovery by those
+      who are in search of me; for though the great love my parents bear me
+      makes me feel sure of being kindly received by them, so great is my
+      feeling of shame at the mere thought that I cannot present myself before
+      them as they expect, that I had rather banish myself from their sight for
+      ever than look them in the face with the reflection that they beheld mine
+      stripped of that purity they had a right to expect in me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With these words she became silent, and the colour that overspread her
+      face showed plainly the pain and shame she was suffering at heart. In
+      theirs the listeners felt as much pity as wonder at her misfortunes; but
+      as the curate was just about to offer her some consolation and advice
+      Cardenio forestalled him, saying, "So then, senora, you are the fair
+      Dorothea, the only daughter of the rich Clenardo?" Dorothea was astonished
+      at hearing her father's name, and at the miserable appearance of him who
+      mentioned it, for it has been already said how wretchedly clad Cardenio
+      was; so she said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And who may you be, brother, who seem to know my father's name so well?
+      For so far, if I remember rightly, I have not mentioned it in the whole
+      story of my misfortunes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am that unhappy being, senora," replied Cardenio, "whom, as you have
+      said, Luscinda declared to be her husband; I am the unfortunate Cardenio,
+      whom the wrong-doing of him who has brought you to your present condition
+      has reduced to the state you see me in, bare, ragged, bereft of all human
+      comfort, and what is worse, of reason, for I only possess it when Heaven
+      is pleased for some short space to restore it to me. I, Dorothea, am he
+      who witnessed the wrong done by Don Fernando, and waited to hear the 'Yes'
+      uttered by which Luscinda owned herself his betrothed: I am he who had not
+      courage enough to see how her fainting fit ended, or what came of the
+      paper that was found in her bosom, because my heart had not the fortitude
+      to endure so many strokes of ill-fortune at once; and so losing patience I
+      quitted the house, and leaving a letter with my host, which I entreated
+      him to place in Luscinda's hands, I betook myself to these solitudes,
+      resolved to end here the life I hated as if it were my mortal enemy. But
+      fate would not rid me of it, contenting itself with robbing me of my
+      reason, perhaps to preserve me for the good fortune I have had in meeting
+      you; for if that which you have just told us be true, as I believe it to
+      be, it may be that Heaven has yet in store for both of us a happier
+      termination to our misfortunes than we look for; because seeing that
+      Luscinda cannot marry Don Fernando, being mine, as she has herself so
+      openly declared, and that Don Fernando cannot marry her as he is yours, we
+      may reasonably hope that Heaven will restore to us what is ours, as it is
+      still in existence and not yet alienated or destroyed. And as we have this
+      consolation springing from no very visionary hope or wild fancy, I entreat
+      you, senora, to form new resolutions in your better mind, as I mean to do
+      in mine, preparing yourself to look forward to happier fortunes; for I
+      swear to you by the faith of a gentleman and a Christian not to desert you
+      until I see you in possession of Don Fernando, and if I cannot by words
+      induce him to recognise his obligation to you, in that case to avail
+      myself of the right which my rank as a gentleman gives me, and with just
+      cause challenge him on account of the injury he has done you, not
+      regarding my own wrongs, which I shall leave to Heaven to avenge, while I
+      on earth devote myself to yours."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio's words completed the astonishment of Dorothea, and not knowing
+      how to return thanks for such an offer, she attempted to kiss his feet;
+      but Cardenio would not permit it, and the licentiate replied for both,
+      commended the sound reasoning of Cardenio, and lastly, begged, advised,
+      and urged them to come with him to his village, where they might furnish
+      themselves with what they needed, and take measures to discover Don
+      Fernando, or restore Dorothea to her parents, or do what seemed to them
+      most advisable. Cardenio and Dorothea thanked him, and accepted the kind
+      offer he made them; and the barber, who had been listening to all
+      attentively and in silence, on his part some kindly words also, and with
+      no less good-will than the curate offered his services in any way that
+      might be of use to them. He also explained to them in a few words the
+      object that had brought them there, and the strange nature of Don
+      Quixote's madness, and how they were waiting for his squire, who had gone
+      in search of him. Like the recollection of a dream, the quarrel he had had
+      with Don Quixote came back to Cardenio's memory, and he described it to
+      the others; but he was unable to say what the dispute was about.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c29b" id="c29b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29b.jpg (351K)" src="images/c29b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this moment they heard a shout, and recognised it as coming from Sancho
+      Panza, who, not finding them where he had left them, was calling aloud to
+      them. They went to meet him, and in answer to their inquiries about Don
+      Quixote, he told them how he had found him stripped to his shirt, lank,
+      yellow, half dead with hunger, and sighing for his lady Dulcinea; and
+      although he had told him that she commanded him to quit that place and
+      come to El Toboso, where she was expecting him, he had answered that he
+      was determined not to appear in the presence of her beauty until he had
+      done deeds to make him worthy of her favour; and if this went on, Sancho
+      said, he ran the risk of not becoming an emperor as in duty bound, or even
+      an archbishop, which was the least he could be; for which reason they
+      ought to consider what was to be done to get him away from there. The
+      licentiate in reply told him not to be uneasy, for they would fetch him
+      away in spite of himself. He then told Cardenio and Dorothea what they had
+      proposed to do to cure Don Quixote, or at any rate take him home; upon
+      which Dorothea said that she could play the distressed damsel better than
+      the barber; especially as she had there the dress in which to do it to the
+      life, and that they might trust to her acting the part in every particular
+      requisite for carrying out their scheme, for she had read a great many
+      books of chivalry, and knew exactly the style in which afflicted damsels
+      begged boons of knights-errant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said the curate, "there is nothing more required than to
+      set about it at once, for beyond a doubt fortune is declaring itself in
+      our favour, since it has so unexpectedly begun to open a door for your
+      relief, and smoothed the way for us to our object."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea then took out of her pillow-case a complete petticoat of some
+      rich stuff, and a green mantle of some other fine material, and a necklace
+      and other ornaments out of a little box, and with these in an instant she
+      so arrayed herself that she looked like a great and rich lady. All this,
+      and more, she said, she had taken from home in case of need, but that
+      until then she had had no occasion to make use of it. They were all highly
+      delighted with her grace, air, and beauty, and declared Don Fernando to be
+      a man of very little taste when he rejected such charms. But the one who
+      admired her most was Sancho Panza, for it seemed to him (what indeed was
+      true) that in all the days of his life he had never seen such a lovely
+      creature; and he asked the curate with great eagerness who this beautiful
+      lady was, and what she wanted in these out-of-the-way quarters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This fair lady, brother Sancho," replied the curate, "is no less a
+      personage than the heiress in the direct male line of the great kingdom of
+      Micomicon, who has come in search of your master to beg a boon of him,
+      which is that he redress a wrong or injury that a wicked giant has done
+      her; and from the fame as a good knight which your master has acquired far
+      and wide, this princess has come from Guinea to seek him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A lucky seeking and a lucky finding!" said Sancho Panza at this;
+      "especially if my master has the good fortune to redress that injury, and
+      right that wrong, and kill that son of a bitch of a giant your worship
+      speaks of; as kill him he will if he meets him, unless, indeed, he happens
+      to be a phantom; for my master has no power at all against phantoms. But
+      one thing among others I would beg of you, senor licentiate, which is,
+      that, to prevent my master taking a fancy to be an archbishop, for that is
+      what I'm afraid of, your worship would recommend him to marry this
+      princess at once; for in this way he will be disabled from taking
+      archbishop's orders, and will easily come into his empire, and I to the
+      end of my desires; I have been thinking over the matter carefully, and by
+      what I can make out I find it will not do for me that my master should
+      become an archbishop, because I am no good for the Church, as I am
+      married; and for me now, having as I have a wife and children, to set
+      about obtaining dispensations to enable me to hold a place of profit under
+      the Church, would be endless work; so that, senor, it all turns on my
+      master marrying this lady at once&mdash;for as yet I do not know her
+      grace, and so I cannot call her by her name."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "She is called the Princess Micomicona," said the curate; "for as her
+      kingdom is Micomicon, it is clear that must be her name."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There's no doubt of that," replied Sancho, "for I have known many to take
+      their name and title from the place where they were born and call
+      themselves Pedro of Alcala, Juan of Ubeda, and Diego of Valladolid; and it
+      may be that over there in Guinea queens have the same way of taking the
+      names of their kingdoms."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it may," said the curate; "and as for your master's marrying, I will
+      do all in my power towards it:" with which Sancho was as much pleased as
+      the curate was amazed at his simplicity and at seeing what a hold the
+      absurdities of his master had taken of his fancy, for he had evidently
+      persuaded himself that he was going to be an emperor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time Dorothea had seated herself upon the curate's mule, and the
+      barber had fitted the ox-tail beard to his face, and they now told Sancho
+      to conduct them to where Don Quixote was, warning him not to say that he
+      knew either the licentiate or the barber, as his master's becoming an
+      emperor entirely depended on his not recognising them; neither the curate
+      nor Cardenio, however, thought fit to go with them; Cardenio lest he
+      should remind Don Quixote of the quarrel he had with him, and the curate
+      as there was no necessity for his presence just yet, so they allowed the
+      others to go on before them, while they themselves followed slowly on
+      foot. The curate did not forget to instruct Dorothea how to act, but she
+      said they might make their minds easy, as everything would be done exactly
+      as the books of chivalry required and described.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c29c" id="c29c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29c.jpg (286K)" src="images/c29c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They had gone about three-quarters of a league when they discovered Don
+      Quixote in a wilderness of rocks, by this time clothed, but without his
+      armour; and as soon as Dorothea saw him and was told by Sancho that that
+      was Don Quixote, she whipped her palfrey, the well-bearded barber
+      following her, and on coming up to him her squire sprang from his mule and
+      came forward to receive her in his arms, and she dismounting with great
+      ease of manner advanced to kneel before the feet of Don Quixote; and
+      though he strove to raise her up, she without rising addressed him in this
+      fashion:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From this spot I will not rise, valiant and doughty knight, until your
+      goodness and courtesy grant me a boon, which will redound to the honour
+      and renown of your person and render a service to the most disconsolate
+      and afflicted damsel the sun has seen; and if the might of your strong arm
+      corresponds to the repute of your immortal fame, you are bound to aid the
+      helpless being who, led by the savour of your renowned name, hath come
+      from far distant lands to seek your aid in her misfortunes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will not answer a word, beauteous lady," replied Don Quixote, "nor will
+      I listen to anything further concerning you, until you rise from the
+      earth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will not rise, senor," answered the afflicted damsel, "unless of your
+      courtesy the boon I ask is first granted me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I grant and accord it," said Don Quixote, "provided without detriment or
+      prejudice to my king, my country, or her who holds the key of my heart and
+      freedom, it may be complied with."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will not be to the detriment or prejudice of any of them, my worthy
+      lord," said the afflicted damsel; and here Sancho Panza drew close to his
+      master's ear and said to him very softly, "Your worship may very safely
+      grant the boon she asks; it's nothing at all; only to kill a big giant;
+      and she who asks it is the exalted Princess Micomicona, queen of the great
+      kingdom of Micomicon of Ethiopia."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let her be who she may," replied Don Quixote, "I will do what is my
+      bounden duty, and what my conscience bids me, in conformity with what I
+      have professed;" and turning to the damsel he said, "Let your great beauty
+      rise, for I grant the boon which you would ask of me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then what I ask," said the damsel, "is that your magnanimous person
+      accompany me at once whither I will conduct you, and that you promise not
+      to engage in any other adventure or quest until you have avenged me of a
+      traitor who against all human and divine law, has usurped my kingdom."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I repeat that I grant it," replied Don Quixote; "and so, lady, you may
+      from this day forth lay aside the melancholy that distresses you, and let
+      your failing hopes gather new life and strength, for with the help of God
+      and of my arm you will soon see yourself restored to your kingdom, and
+      seated upon the throne of your ancient and mighty realm, notwithstanding
+      and despite of the felons who would gainsay it; and now hands to the work,
+      for in delay there is apt to be danger."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The distressed damsel strove with much pertinacity to kiss his hands; but
+      Don Quixote, who was in all things a polished and courteous knight, would
+      by no means allow it, but made her rise and embraced her with great
+      courtesy and politeness, and ordered Sancho to look to Rocinante's girths,
+      and to arm him without a moment's delay. Sancho took down the armour,
+      which was hung up on a tree like a trophy, and having seen to the girths
+      armed his master in a trice, who as soon as he found himself in his armour
+      exclaimed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let us be gone in the name of God to bring aid to this great lady."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The barber was all this time on his knees at great pains to hide his
+      laughter and not let his beard fall, for had it fallen maybe their fine
+      scheme would have come to nothing; but now seeing the boon granted, and
+      the promptitude with which Don Quixote prepared to set out in compliance
+      with it, he rose and took his lady's hand, and between them they placed
+      her upon the mule. Don Quixote then mounted Rocinante, and the barber
+      settled himself on his beast, Sancho being left to go on foot, which made
+      him feel anew the loss of his Dapple, finding the want of him now. But he
+      bore all with cheerfulness, being persuaded that his master had now fairly
+      started and was just on the point of becoming an emperor; for he felt no
+      doubt at all that he would marry this princess, and be king of Micomicon
+      at least. The only thing that troubled him was the reflection that this
+      kingdom was in the land of the blacks, and that the people they would give
+      him for vassals would be all black; but for this he soon found a remedy in
+      his fancy, and said he to himself, "What is it to me if my vassals are
+      blacks? What more have I to do than make a cargo of them and carry them to
+      Spain, where I can sell them and get ready money for them, and with it buy
+      some title or some office in which to live at ease all the days of my
+      life? Not unless you go to sleep and haven't the wit or skill to turn
+      things to account and sell three, six, or ten thousand vassals while you
+      would be talking about it! By God I will stir them up, big and little, or
+      as best I can, and let them be ever so black I'll turn them into white or
+      yellow. Come, come, what a fool I am!" And so he jogged on, so occupied
+      with his thoughts and easy in his mind that he forgot all about the
+      hardship of travelling on foot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio and the curate were watching all this from among some bushes, not
+      knowing how to join company with the others; but the curate, who was very
+      fertile in devices, soon hit upon a way of effecting their purpose, and
+      with a pair of scissors he had in a case he quickly cut off Cardenio's
+      beard, and putting on him a grey jerkin of his own he gave him a black
+      cloak, leaving himself in his breeches and doublet, while Cardenio's
+      appearance was so different from what it had been that he would not have
+      known himself had he seen himself in a mirror. Having effected this,
+      although the others had gone on ahead while they were disguising
+      themselves, they easily came out on the high road before them, for the
+      brambles and awkward places they encountered did not allow those on
+      horseback to go as fast as those on foot. They then posted themselves on
+      the level ground at the outlet of the Sierra, and as soon as Don Quixote
+      and his companions emerged from it the curate began to examine him very
+      deliberately, as though he were striving to recognise him, and after
+      having stared at him for some time he hastened towards him with open arms
+      exclaiming, "A happy meeting with the mirror of chivalry, my worthy
+      compatriot Don Quixote of La Mancha, the flower and cream of high
+      breeding, the protection and relief of the distressed, the quintessence of
+      knights-errant!" And so saying he clasped in his arms the knee of Don
+      Quixote's left leg. He, astonished at the stranger's words and behaviour,
+      looked at him attentively, and at length recognised him, very much
+      surprised to see him there, and made great efforts to dismount. This,
+      however, the curate would not allow, on which Don Quixote said, "Permit
+      me, senor licentiate, for it is not fitting that I should be on horseback
+      and so reverend a person as your worship on foot."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On no account will I allow it," said the curate; "your mightiness must
+      remain on horseback, for it is on horseback you achieve the greatest deeds
+      and adventures that have been beheld in our age; as for me, an unworthy
+      priest, it will serve me well enough to mount on the haunches of one of
+      the mules of these gentlefolk who accompany your worship, if they have no
+      objection, and I will fancy I am mounted on the steed Pegasus, or on the
+      zebra or charger that bore the famous Moor, Muzaraque, who to this day
+      lies enchanted in the great hill of Zulema, a little distance from the
+      great Complutum."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nor even that will I consent to, senor licentiate," answered Don Quixote,
+      "and I know it will be the good pleasure of my lady the princess, out of
+      love for me, to order her squire to give up the saddle of his mule to your
+      worship, and he can sit behind if the beast will bear it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will, I am sure," said the princess, "and I am sure, too, that I need
+      not order my squire, for he is too courteous and considerate to allow a
+      Churchman to go on foot when he might be mounted."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That he is," said the barber, and at once alighting, he offered his
+      saddle to the curate, who accepted it without much entreaty; but
+      unfortunately as the barber was mounting behind, the mule, being as it
+      happened a hired one, which is the same thing as saying ill-conditioned,
+      lifted its hind hoofs and let fly a couple of kicks in the air, which
+      would have made Master Nicholas wish his expedition in quest of Don
+      Quixote at the devil had they caught him on the breast or head. As it was,
+      they so took him by surprise that he came to the ground, giving so little
+      heed to his beard that it fell off, and all he could do when he found
+      himself without it was to cover his face hastily with both his hands and
+      moan that his teeth were knocked out. Don Quixote when he saw all that
+      bundle of beard detached, without jaws or blood, from the face of the
+      fallen squire, exclaimed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By the living God, but this is a great miracle! it has knocked off and
+      plucked away the beard from his face as if it had been shaved off
+      designedly."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate, seeing the danger of discovery that threatened his scheme, at
+      once pounced upon the beard and hastened with it to where Master Nicholas
+      lay, still uttering moans, and drawing his head to his breast had it on in
+      an instant, muttering over him some words which he said were a certain
+      special charm for sticking on beards, as they would see; and as soon as he
+      had it fixed he left him, and the squire appeared well bearded and whole
+      as before, whereat Don Quixote was beyond measure astonished, and begged
+      the curate to teach him that charm when he had an opportunity, as he was
+      persuaded its virtue must extend beyond the sticking on of beards, for it
+      was clear that where the beard had been stripped off the flesh must have
+      remained torn and lacerated, and when it could heal all that it must be
+      good for more than beards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And so it is," said the curate, and he promised to teach it to him on the
+      first opportunity. They then agreed that for the present the curate should
+      mount, and that the three should ride by turns until they reached the inn,
+      which might be about six leagues from where they were.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Three then being mounted, that is to say, Don Quixote, the princess, and
+      the curate, and three on foot, Cardenio, the barber, and Sancho Panza, Don
+      Quixote said to the damsel:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let your highness, lady, lead on whithersoever is most pleasing to you;"
+      but before she could answer the licentiate said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c29d" id="c29d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29d.jpg (345K)" src="images/c29d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Towards what kingdom would your ladyship direct our course? Is it
+      perchance towards that of Micomicon? It must be, or else I know little
+      about kingdoms."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She, being ready on all points, understood that she was to answer "Yes,"
+      so she said "Yes, senor, my way lies towards that kingdom."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said the curate, "we must pass right through my village,
+      and there your worship will take the road to Cartagena, where you will be
+      able to embark, fortune favouring; and if the wind be fair and the sea
+      smooth and tranquil, in somewhat less than nine years you may come in
+      sight of the great lake Meona, I mean Meotides, which is little more than
+      a hundred days' journey this side of your highness's kingdom."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c29e" id="c29e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29e.jpg (318K)" src="images/c29e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your worship is mistaken, senor," said she; "for it is not two years
+      since I set out from it, and though I never had good weather, nevertheless
+      I am here to behold what I so longed for, and that is my lord Don Quixote
+      of La Mancha, whose fame came to my ears as soon as I set foot in Spain
+      and impelled me to go in search of him, to commend myself to his courtesy,
+      and entrust the justice of my cause to the might of his invincible arm."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Enough; no more praise," said Don Quixote at this, "for I hate all
+      flattery; and though this may not be so, still language of the kind is
+      offensive to my chaste ears. I will only say, senora, that whether it has
+      might or not, that which it may or may not have shall be devoted to your
+      service even to death; and now, leaving this to its proper season, I would
+      ask the senor licentiate to tell me what it is that has brought him into
+      these parts, alone, unattended, and so lightly clad that I am filled with
+      amazement."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will answer that briefly," replied the curate; "you must know then,
+      Senor Don Quixote, that Master Nicholas, our friend and barber, and I were
+      going to Seville to receive some money that a relative of mine who went to
+      the Indies many years ago had sent me, and not such a small sum but that
+      it was over sixty thousand pieces of eight, full weight, which is
+      something; and passing by this place yesterday we were attacked by four
+      footpads, who stripped us even to our beards, and them they stripped off
+      so that the barber found it necessary to put on a false one, and even this
+      young man here"&mdash;pointing to Cardenio&mdash;"they completely
+      transformed. But the best of it is, the story goes in the neighbourhood
+      that those who attacked us belong to a number of galley slaves who, they
+      say, were set free almost on the very same spot by a man of such valour
+      that, in spite of the commissary and of the guards, he released the whole
+      of them; and beyond all doubt he must have been out of his senses, or he
+      must be as great a scoundrel as they, or some man without heart or
+      conscience to let the wolf loose among the sheep, the fox among the hens,
+      the fly among the honey. He has defrauded justice, and opposed his king
+      and lawful master, for he opposed his just commands; he has, I say, robbed
+      the galleys of their feet, stirred up the Holy Brotherhood which for many
+      years past has been quiet, and, lastly, has done a deed by which his soul
+      may be lost without any gain to his body." Sancho had told the curate and
+      the barber of the adventure of the galley slaves, which, so much to his
+      glory, his master had achieved, and hence the curate in alluding to it
+      made the most of it to see what would be said or done by Don Quixote; who
+      changed colour at every word, not daring to say that it was he who had
+      been the liberator of those worthy people. "These, then," said the curate,
+      "were they who robbed us; and God in his mercy pardon him who would not
+      let them go to the punishment they deserved."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c29f" id="c29f"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c29f.jpg (53K)" src="images/c29f.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c29f.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch30" id="ch30"></a>CHAPTER XXX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF ADDRESS DISPLAYED BY THE FAIR DOROTHEA, WITH OTHER MATTERS
+      PLEASANT AND AMUSING
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c30a" id="c30a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c30a.jpg (147K)" src="images/c30a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c30a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate had hardly ceased speaking, when Sancho said, "In faith, then,
+      senor licentiate, he who did that deed was my master; and it was not for
+      want of my telling him beforehand and warning him to mind what he was
+      about, and that it was a sin to set them at liberty, as they were all on
+      the march there because they were special scoundrels."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Blockhead!" said Don Quixote at this, "it is no business or concern of
+      knights-errant to inquire whether any persons in affliction, in chains, or
+      oppressed that they may meet on the high roads go that way and suffer as
+      they do because of their faults or because of their misfortunes. It only
+      concerns them to aid them as persons in need of help, having regard to
+      their sufferings and not to their rascalities. I encountered a chaplet or
+      string of miserable and unfortunate people, and did for them what my sense
+      of duty demands of me, and as for the rest be that as it may; and whoever
+      takes objection to it, saving the sacred dignity of the senor licentiate
+      and his honoured person, I say he knows little about chivalry and lies
+      like a whoreson villain, and this I will give him to know to the fullest
+      extent with my sword;" and so saying he settled himself in his stirrups
+      and pressed down his morion; for the barber's basin, which according to
+      him was Mambrino's helmet, he carried hanging at the saddle-bow until he
+      could repair the damage done to it by the galley slaves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea, who was shrewd and sprightly, and by this time thoroughly
+      understood Don Quixote's crazy turn, and that all except Sancho Panza were
+      making game of him, not to be behind the rest said to him, on observing
+      his irritation, "Sir Knight, remember the boon you have promised me, and
+      that in accordance with it you must not engage in any other adventure, be
+      it ever so pressing; calm yourself, for if the licentiate had known that
+      the galley slaves had been set free by that unconquered arm he would have
+      stopped his mouth thrice over, or even bitten his tongue three times
+      before he would have said a word that tended towards disrespect of your
+      worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I swear heartily," said the curate, "and I would have even plucked
+      off a moustache."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will hold my peace, senora," said Don Quixote, "and I will curb the
+      natural anger that had arisen in my breast, and will proceed in peace and
+      quietness until I have fulfilled my promise; but in return for this
+      consideration I entreat you to tell me, if you have no objection to do so,
+      what is the nature of your trouble, and how many, who, and what are the
+      persons of whom I am to require due satisfaction, and on whom I am to take
+      vengeance on your behalf?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I will do with all my heart," replied Dorothea, "if it will not be
+      wearisome to you to hear of miseries and misfortunes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will not be wearisome, senora," said Don Quixote; to which Dorothea
+      replied, "Well, if that be so, give me your attention." As soon as she
+      said this, Cardenio and the barber drew close to her side, eager to hear
+      what sort of story the quick-witted Dorothea would invent for herself; and
+      Sancho did the same, for he was as much taken in by her as his master; and
+      she having settled herself comfortably in the saddle, and with the help of
+      coughing and other preliminaries taken time to think, began with great
+      sprightliness of manner in this fashion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "First of all, I would have you know, sirs, that my name is-" and here she
+      stopped for a moment, for she forgot the name the curate had given her;
+      but he came to her relief, seeing what her difficulty was, and said, "It
+      is no wonder, senora, that your highness should be confused and
+      embarrassed in telling the tale of your misfortunes; for such afflictions
+      often have the effect of depriving the sufferers of memory, so that they
+      do not even remember their own names, as is the case now with your
+      ladyship, who has forgotten that she is called the Princess Micomicona,
+      lawful heiress of the great kingdom of Micomicon; and with this cue your
+      highness may now recall to your sorrowful recollection all you may wish to
+      tell us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the truth," said the damsel; "but I think from this on I shall
+      have no need of any prompting, and I shall bring my true story safe into
+      port, and here it is. The king my father, who was called Tinacrio the
+      Sapient, was very learned in what they call magic arts, and became aware
+      by his craft that my mother, who was called Queen Jaramilla, was to die
+      before he did, and that soon after he too was to depart this life, and I
+      was to be left an orphan without father or mother. But all this, he
+      declared, did not so much grieve or distress him as his certain knowledge
+      that a prodigious giant, the lord of a great island close to our kingdom,
+      Pandafilando of the Scowl by name--for it is averred that, though his eyes
+      are properly placed and straight, he always looks askew as if he squinted,
+      and this he does out of malignity, to strike fear and terror into those he
+      looks at--that he knew, I say, that this giant on becoming aware of my
+      orphan condition would overrun my kingdom with a mighty force and strip me
+      of all, not leaving me even a small village to shelter me; but that I
+      could avoid all this ruin and misfortune if I were willing to marry him;
+      however, as far as he could see, he never expected that I would consent to
+      a marriage so unequal; and he said no more than the truth in this, for it
+      has never entered my mind to marry that giant, or any other, let him be
+      ever so great or enormous. My father said, too, that when he was dead, and
+      I saw Pandafilando about to invade my kingdom, I was not to wait and
+      attempt to defend myself, for that would be destructive to me, but that I
+      should leave the kingdom entirely open to him if I wished to avoid the
+      death and total destruction of my good and loyal vassals, for there would
+      be no possibility of defending myself against the giant's devilish power;
+      and that I should at once with some of my followers set out for Spain,
+      where I should obtain relief in my distress on finding a certain
+      knight-errant whose fame by that time would extend over the whole kingdom,
+      and who would be called, if I remember rightly, Don Azote or Don Gigote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'Don Quixote,' he must have said, senora," observed Sancho at this,
+      "otherwise called the Knight of the Rueful Countenance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is it," said Dorothea; "he said, moreover, that he would be tall of
+      stature and lank featured; and that on his right side under the left
+      shoulder, or thereabouts, he would have a grey mole with hairs like
+      bristles."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On hearing this, Don Quixote said to his squire, "Here, Sancho my son,
+      bear a hand and help me to strip, for I want to see if I am the knight
+      that sage king foretold."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What does your worship want to strip for?" said Dorothea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To see if I have that mole your father spoke of," answered Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no occasion to strip," said Sancho; "for I know your worship has
+      just such a mole on the middle of your backbone, which is the mark of a
+      strong man."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is enough," said Dorothea, "for with friends we must not look too
+      closely into trifles; and whether it be on the shoulder or on the backbone
+      matters little; it is enough if there is a mole, be it where it may, for
+      it is all the same flesh; no doubt my good father hit the truth in every
+      particular, and I have made a lucky hit in commending myself to Don
+      Quixote; for he is the one my father spoke of, as the features of his
+      countenance correspond with those assigned to this knight by that wide
+      fame he has acquired not only in Spain but in all La Mancha; for I had
+      scarcely landed at Osuna when I heard such accounts of his achievements,
+      that at once my heart told me he was the very one I had come in search
+      of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But how did you land at Osuna, senora," asked Don Quixote, "when it is
+      not a seaport?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But before Dorothea could reply the curate anticipated her, saying, "The
+      princess meant to say that after she had landed at Malaga the first place
+      where she heard of your worship was Osuna."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is what I meant to say," said Dorothea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And that would be only natural," said the curate. "Will your majesty
+      please proceed?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no more to add," said Dorothea, "save that in finding Don
+      Quixote I have had such good fortune, that I already reckon and regard
+      myself queen and mistress of my entire dominions, since of his courtesy
+      and magnanimity he has granted me the boon of accompanying me
+      whithersoever I may conduct him, which will be only to bring him face to
+      face with Pandafilando of the Scowl, that he may slay him and restore to
+      me what has been unjustly usurped by him: for all this must come to pass
+      satisfactorily since my good father Tinacrio the Sapient foretold it, who
+      likewise left it declared in writing in Chaldee or Greek characters (for I
+      cannot read them), that if this predicted knight, after having cut the
+      giant's throat, should be disposed to marry me I was to offer myself at
+      once without demur as his lawful wife, and yield him possession of my
+      kingdom together with my person."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What thinkest thou now, friend Sancho?" said Don Quixote at this.
+      "Hearest thou that? Did I not tell thee so? See how we have already got a
+      kingdom to govern and a queen to marry!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On my oath it is so," said Sancho; "and foul fortune to him who won't
+      marry after slitting Senor Pandahilado's windpipe! And then, how
+      illfavoured the queen is! I wish the fleas in my bed were that sort!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so saying he cut a couple of capers in the air with every sign of
+      extreme satisfaction, and then ran to seize the bridle of Dorothea's mule,
+      and checking it fell on his knees before her, begging her to give him her
+      hand to kiss in token of his acknowledgment of her as his queen and
+      mistress. Which of the bystanders could have helped laughing to see the
+      madness of the master and the simplicity of the servant? Dorothea
+      therefore gave her hand, and promised to make him a great lord in her
+      kingdom, when Heaven should be so good as to permit her to recover and
+      enjoy it, for which Sancho returned thanks in words that set them all
+      laughing again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This, sirs," continued Dorothea, "is my story; it only remains to tell
+      you that of all the attendants I took with me from my kingdom I have none
+      left except this well-bearded squire, for all were drowned in a great
+      tempest we encountered when in sight of port; and he and I came to land on
+      a couple of planks as if by a miracle; and indeed the whole course of my
+      life is a miracle and a mystery as you may have observed; and if I have
+      been over minute in any respect or not as precise as I ought, let it be
+      accounted for by what the licentiate said at the beginning of my tale,
+      that constant and excessive troubles deprive the sufferers of their
+      memory."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They shall not deprive me of mine, exalted and worthy princess," said Don
+      Quixote, "however great and unexampled those which I shall endure in your
+      service may be; and here I confirm anew the boon I have promised you, and
+      I swear to go with you to the end of the world until I find myself in the
+      presence of your fierce enemy, whose haughty head I trust by the aid of my
+      arm to cut off with the edge of this--I will not say good sword, thanks to
+      Gines de Pasamonte who carried away mine"--(this he said between his
+      teeth, and then continued), "and when it has been cut off and you have
+      been put in peaceful possession of your realm it shall be left to your own
+      decision to dispose of your person as may be most pleasing to you; for so
+      long as my memory is occupied, my will enslaved, and my understanding
+      enthralled by her--I say no more--it is impossible for me for a moment to
+      contemplate marriage, even with a Phoenix."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The last words of his master about not wanting to marry were so
+      disagreeable to Sancho that raising his voice he exclaimed with great
+      irritation:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By my oath, Senor Don Quixote, you are not in your right senses; for how
+      can your worship possibly object to marrying such an exalted princess as
+      this? Do you think Fortune will offer you behind every stone such a piece
+      of luck as is offered you now? Is my lady Dulcinea fairer, perchance? Not
+      she; nor half as fair; and I will even go so far as to say she does not
+      come up to the shoe of this one here. A poor chance I have of getting that
+      county I am waiting for if your worship goes looking for dainties in the
+      bottom of the sea. In the devil's name, marry, marry, and take this
+      kingdom that comes to hand without any trouble, and when you are king make
+      me a marquis or governor of a province, and for the rest let the devil
+      take it all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, when he heard such blasphemies uttered against his lady
+      Dulcinea, could not endure it, and lifting his pike, without saying
+      anything to Sancho or uttering a word, he gave him two such thwacks that
+      he brought him to the ground; and had it not been that Dorothea cried out
+      to him to spare him he would have no doubt taken his life on the spot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do you think," he said to him after a pause, "you scurvy clown, that you
+      are to be always interfering with me, and that you are to be always
+      offending and I always pardoning? Don't fancy it, impious scoundrel, for
+      that beyond a doubt thou art, since thou hast set thy tongue going against
+      the peerless Dulcinea. Know you not, lout, vagabond, beggar, that were it
+      not for the might that she infuses into my arm I should not have strength
+      enough to kill a flea? Say, scoffer with a viper's tongue, what think you
+      has won this kingdom and cut off this giant's head and made you a marquis
+      (for all this I count as already accomplished and decided), but the might
+      of Dulcinea, employing my arm as the instrument of her achievements? She
+      fights in me and conquers in me, and I live and breathe in her, and owe my
+      life and being to her. O whoreson scoundrel, how ungrateful you are, you
+      see yourself raised from the dust of the earth to be a titled lord, and
+      the return you make for so great a benefit is to speak evil of her who has
+      conferred it upon you!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho was not so stunned but that he heard all his master said, and
+      rising with some degree of nimbleness he ran to place himself behind
+      Dorothea's palfrey, and from that position he said to his master:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell me, senor; if your worship is resolved not to marry this great
+      princess, it is plain the kingdom will not be yours; and not being so, how
+      can you bestow favours upon me? That is what I complain of. Let your
+      worship at any rate marry this queen, now that we have got her here as if
+      showered down from heaven, and afterwards you may go back to my lady
+      Dulcinea; for there must have been kings in the world who kept mistresses.
+      As to beauty, I have nothing to do with it; and if the truth is to be
+      told, I like them both; though I have never seen the lady Dulcinea."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How! never seen her, blasphemous traitor!" exclaimed Don Quixote; "hast
+      thou not just now brought me a message from her?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I mean," said Sancho, "that I did not see her so much at my leisure that
+      I could take particular notice of her beauty, or of her charms piecemeal;
+      but taken in the lump I like her."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Now I forgive thee," said Don Quixote; "and do thou forgive me the injury
+      I have done thee; for our first impulses are not in our control."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I see," replied Sancho, "and with me the wish to speak is always the
+      first impulse, and I cannot help saying, once at any rate, what I have on
+      the tip of my tongue."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "take heed of what thou sayest,
+      for the pitcher goes so often to the well--I need say no more to thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, well," said Sancho, "God is in heaven, and sees all tricks, and
+      will judge who does most harm, I in not speaking right, or your worship in
+      not doing it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is enough," said Dorothea; "run, Sancho, and kiss your lord's hand
+      and beg his pardon, and henceforward be more circumspect with your praise
+      and abuse; and say nothing in disparagement of that lady Toboso, of whom I
+      know nothing save that I am her servant; and put your trust in God, for
+      you will not fail to obtain some dignity so as to live like a prince."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho advanced hanging his head and begged his master's hand, which Don
+      Quixote with dignity presented to him, giving him his blessing as soon as
+      he had kissed it; he then bade him go on ahead a little, as he had
+      questions to ask him and matters of great importance to discuss with him.
+      Sancho obeyed, and when the two had gone some distance in advance Don
+      Quixote said to him, "Since thy return I have had no opportunity or time
+      to ask thee many particulars touching thy mission and the answer thou hast
+      brought back, and now that chance has granted us the time and opportunity,
+      deny me not the happiness thou canst give me by such good news."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let your worship ask what you will," answered Sancho, "for I shall find a
+      way out of all as I found a way in; but I implore you, senor, not
+      to be so revengeful in future."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why dost thou say that, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I say it," he returned, "because those blows just now were more because
+      of the quarrel the devil stirred up between us both the other night, than
+      for what I said against my lady Dulcinea, whom I love and reverence as I
+      would a relic--though there is nothing of that about her--merely as
+      something belonging to your worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say no more on that subject for thy life, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "for
+      it is displeasing to me; I have already pardoned thee for that, and thou
+      knowest the common saying, 'for a fresh sin a fresh penance.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While this was going on they saw coming along the road they were following
+      a man mounted on an ass, who when he came close seemed to be a gipsy; but
+      Sancho Panza, whose eyes and heart were there wherever he saw asses, no
+      sooner beheld the man than he knew him to be Gines de Pasamonte; and by
+      the thread of the gipsy he got at the ball, his ass, for it was, in fact,
+      Dapple that carried Pasamonte, who to escape recognition and to sell the
+      ass had disguised himself as a gipsy, being able to speak the gipsy
+      language, and many more, as well as if they were his own. Sancho saw him
+      and recognised him, and the instant he did so he shouted to him,
+      "Ginesillo, you thief, give up my treasure, release my life, embarrass
+      thyself not with my repose, quit my ass, leave my delight, be off, rip,
+      get thee gone, thief, and give up what is not thine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There was no necessity for so many words or objurgations, for at the first
+      one Gines jumped down, and at a like racing speed made off and got clear
+      of them all. Sancho hastened to his Dapple, and embracing him he said,
+      "How hast thou fared, my blessing, Dapple of my eyes, my comrade?" all the
+      while kissing him and caressing him as if he were a human being. The ass
+      held his peace, and let himself be kissed and caressed by Sancho without
+      answering a single word. They all came up and congratulated him on having
+      found Dapple, Don Quixote especially, who told him that notwithstanding
+      this he would not cancel the order for the three ass-colts, for which
+      Sancho thanked him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While the two had been going along conversing in this fashion, the curate
+      observed to Dorothea that she had shown great cleverness, as well in the
+      story itself as in its conciseness, and the resemblance it bore to those
+      of the books of chivalry. She said that she had many times amused herself
+      reading them; but that she did not know the situation of the provinces or
+      seaports, and so she had said at haphazard that she had landed at Osuna.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So I saw," said the curate, "and for that reason I made haste to say what
+      I did, by which it was all set right. But is it not a strange thing to see
+      how readily this unhappy gentleman believes all these figments and lies,
+      simply because they are in the style and manner of the absurdities of his
+      books?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it is," said Cardenio; "and so uncommon and unexampled, that were one
+      to attempt to invent and concoct it in fiction, I doubt if there be any
+      wit keen enough to imagine it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But another strange thing about it," said the curate, "is that, apart
+      from the silly things which this worthy gentleman says in connection with
+      his craze, when other subjects are dealt with, he can discuss them in a
+      perfectly rational manner, showing that his mind is quite clear and
+      composed; so that, provided his chivalry is not touched upon, no one would
+      take him to be anything but a man of thoroughly sound understanding."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While they were holding this conversation Don Quixote continued his with
+      Sancho, saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Friend Panza, let us forgive and forget as to our quarrels, and tell me
+      now, dismissing anger and irritation, where, how, and when didst thou find
+      Dulcinea? What was she doing? What didst thou say to her? What did she
+      answer? How did she look when she was reading my letter? Who copied it out
+      for thee? and everything in the matter that seems to thee worth knowing,
+      asking, and learning; neither adding nor falsifying to give me pleasure,
+      nor yet curtailing lest you should deprive me of it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor," replied Sancho, "if the truth is to be told, nobody copied out
+      the letter for me, for I carried no letter at all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is as thou sayest," said Don Quixote, "for the note-book in which I
+      wrote it I found in my own possession two days after thy departure, which
+      gave me very great vexation, as I knew not what thou wouldst do on finding
+      thyself without any letter; and I made sure thou wouldst return from the
+      place where thou didst first miss it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So I should have done," said Sancho, "if I had not got it by heart when
+      your worship read it to me, so that I repeated it to a sacristan, who
+      copied it out for me from hearing it, so exactly that he said in all the
+      days of his life, though he had read many a letter of excommunication, he
+      had never seen or read so pretty a letter as that."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And hast thou got it still in thy memory, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, senor," replied Sancho, "for as soon as I had repeated it, seeing
+      there was no further use for it, I set about forgetting it; and if I
+      recollect any of it, it is that about 'Scrubbing,'I mean to say 'Sovereign
+      Lady,' and the end 'Yours till death, the Knight of the Rueful
+      Countenance;' and between these two I put into it more than three hundred
+      'my souls' and 'my life's' and 'my eyes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c30e" id="c30e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c30e.jpg (13K)" src="images/c30e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch31" id="ch31"></a>CHAPTER XXXI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE DELECTABLE DISCUSSION BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND SANCHO PANZA, HIS
+      SQUIRE, TOGETHER WITH OTHER INCIDENTS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c31a" id="c31a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c31a.jpg (151K)" src="images/c31a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c31a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that is not unsatisfactory to me," said Don Quixote. "Go on; thou
+      didst reach her; and what was that queen of beauty doing? Surely thou
+      didst find her stringing pearls, or embroidering some device in gold
+      thread for this her enslaved knight."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I did not," said Sancho, "but I found her winnowing two bushels of wheat
+      in the yard of her house."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then depend upon it," said Don Quixote, "the grains of that wheat were
+      pearls when touched by her hands; and didst thou look, friend? was it
+      white wheat or brown?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was neither, but red," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then I promise thee," said Don Quixote, "that, winnowed by her hands,
+      beyond a doubt the bread it made was of the whitest; but go on; when thou
+      gavest her my letter, did she kiss it? Did she place it on her head? Did
+      she perform any ceremony befitting it, or what did she do?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When I went to give it to her," replied Sancho, "she was hard at it
+      swaying from side to side with a lot of wheat she had in the sieve, and
+      she said to me, 'Lay the letter, friend, on the top of that sack, for I
+      cannot read it until I have done sifting all this."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Discreet lady!" said Don Quixote; "that was in order to read it at her
+      leisure and enjoy it; proceed, Sancho; while she was engaged in her
+      occupation what converse did she hold with thee? What did she ask about
+      me, and what answer didst thou give? Make haste; tell me all, and let not
+      an atom be left behind in the ink-bottle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "She asked me nothing," said Sancho; "but I told her how your worship was
+      left doing penance in her service, naked from the waist up, in among these
+      mountains like a savage, sleeping on the ground, not eating bread off a
+      tablecloth nor combing your beard, weeping and cursing your fortune."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In saying I cursed my fortune thou saidst wrong," said Don Quixote; "for
+      rather do I bless it and shall bless it all the days of my life for having
+      made me worthy of aspiring to love so lofty a lady as Dulcinea del
+      Toboso."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And so lofty she is," said Sancho, "that she overtops me by more than a
+      hand's-breadth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What! Sancho," said Don Quixote, "didst thou measure with her?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I measured in this way," said Sancho; "going to help her to put a sack of
+      wheat on the back of an ass, we came so close together that I could see
+      she stood more than a good palm over me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well!" said Don Quixote, "and doth she not of a truth accompany and adorn
+      this greatness with a thousand million charms of mind! But one thing thou
+      wilt not deny, Sancho; when thou camest close to her didst thou not
+      perceive a Sabaean odour, an aromatic fragrance, a, I know not what,
+      delicious, that I cannot find a name for; I mean a redolence, an
+      exhalation, as if thou wert in the shop of some dainty glover?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All I can say is," said Sancho, "that I did perceive a little odour,
+      something goaty; it must have been that she was all in a sweat with hard
+      work."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It could not be that," said Don Quixote, "but thou must have been
+      suffering from cold in the head, or must have smelt thyself; for I know
+      well what would be the scent of that rose among thorns, that lily of the
+      field, that dissolved amber."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Maybe so," replied Sancho; "there often comes from myself that same odour
+      which then seemed to me to come from her grace the lady Dulcinea; but
+      that's no wonder, for one devil is like another."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then," continued Don Quixote, "now she has done sifting the corn and
+      sent it to the mill; what did she do when she read the letter?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As for the letter," said Sancho, "she did not read it, for she said she
+      could neither read nor write; instead of that she tore it up into small
+      pieces, saying that she did not want to let anyone read it lest her
+      secrets should become known in the village, and that what I had told her
+      by word of mouth about the love your worship bore her, and the
+      extraordinary penance you were doing for her sake, was enough; and, to
+      make an end of it, she told me to tell your worship that she kissed your
+      hands, and that she had a greater desire to see you than to write to you;
+      and that therefore she entreated and commanded you, on sight of this
+      present, to come out of these thickets, and to have done with carrying on
+      absurdities, and to set out at once for El Toboso, unless something else
+      of greater importance should happen, for she had a great desire to see
+      your worship. She laughed greatly when I told her how your worship was
+      called The Knight of the Rueful Countenance; I asked her if that Biscayan
+      the other day had been there; and she told me he had, and that he was an
+      honest fellow; I asked her too about the galley slaves, but she said she
+      had not seen any as yet."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So far all goes well," said Don Quixote; "but tell me what jewel was it
+      that she gave thee on taking thy leave, in return for thy tidings of me?
+      For it is a usual and ancient custom with knights and ladies errant to
+      give the squires, damsels, or dwarfs who bring tidings of their ladies to
+      the knights, or of their knights to the ladies, some rich jewel as a
+      guerdon for good news,' and acknowledgment of the message."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is very likely," said Sancho, "and a good custom it was, to my mind;
+      but that must have been in days gone by, for now it would seem to be the
+      custom only to give a piece of bread and cheese; because that was what my
+      lady Dulcinea gave me over the top of the yard-wall when I took leave of
+      her; and more by token it was sheep's-milk cheese."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "She is generous in the extreme," said Don Quixote, "and if she did not
+      give thee a jewel of gold, no doubt it must have been because she had not
+      one to hand there to give thee; but sleeves are good after Easter; I shall
+      see her and all shall be made right. But knowest thou what amazes me,
+      Sancho? It seems to me thou must have gone and come through the air, for
+      thou hast taken but little more than three days to go to El Toboso and
+      return, though it is more than thirty leagues from here to there. From
+      which I am inclined to think that the sage magician who is my friend, and
+      watches over my interests (for of necessity there is and must be one, or
+      else I should not be a right knight-errant), that this same, I say, must
+      have helped thee to travel without thy knowledge; for some of these sages
+      will catch up a knight-errant sleeping in his bed, and without his knowing
+      how or in what way it happened, he wakes up the next day more than a
+      thousand leagues away from the place where he went to sleep. And if it
+      were not for this, knights-errant would not be able to give aid to one
+      another in peril, as they do at every turn. For a knight, maybe, is
+      fighting in the mountains of Armenia with some dragon, or fierce serpent,
+      or another knight, and gets the worst of the battle, and is at the point
+      of death; but when he least looks for it, there appears over against him
+      on a cloud, or chariot of fire, another knight, a friend of his, who just
+      before had been in England, and who takes his part, and delivers him from
+      death; and at night he finds himself in his own quarters supping very much
+      to his satisfaction; and yet from one place to the other will have been
+      two or three thousand leagues. And all this is done by the craft and skill
+      of the sage enchanters who take care of those valiant knights; so that,
+      friend Sancho, I find no difficulty in believing that thou mayest have
+      gone from this place to El Toboso and returned in such a short time,
+      since, as I have said, some friendly sage must have carried thee through
+      the air without thee perceiving it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That must have been it," said Sancho, "for indeed Rocinante went like a
+      gipsy's ass with quicksilver in his ears."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Quicksilver!" said Don Quixote, "aye and what is more, a legion of
+      devils, folk that can travel and make others travel without being weary,
+      exactly as the whim seizes them. But putting this aside, what thinkest
+      thou I ought to do about my lady's command to go and see her? For though I
+      feel that I am bound to obey her mandate, I feel too that I am debarred by
+      the boon I have accorded to the princess that accompanies us, and the law
+      of chivalry compels me to have regard for my word in preference to my
+      inclination; on the one hand the desire to see my lady pursues and
+      harasses me, on the other my solemn promise and the glory I shall win in
+      this enterprise urge and call me; but what I think I shall do is to travel
+      with all speed and reach quickly the place where this giant is, and on my
+      arrival I shall cut off his head, and establish the princess peacefully in
+      her realm, and forthwith I shall return to behold the light that lightens
+      my senses, to whom I shall make such excuses that she will be led to
+      approve of my delay, for she will see that it entirely tends to increase
+      her glory and fame; for all that I have won, am winning, or shall win by
+      arms in this life, comes to me of the favour she extends to me, and
+      because I am hers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah! what a sad state your worship's brains are in!" said Sancho. "Tell
+      me, senor, do you mean to travel all that way for nothing, and to let slip
+      and lose so rich and great a match as this where they give as a portion a
+      kingdom that in sober truth I have heard say is more than twenty thousand
+      leagues round about, and abounds with all things necessary to support
+      human life, and is bigger than Portugal and Castile put together? Peace,
+      for the love of God! Blush for what you have said, and take my advice, and
+      forgive me, and marry at once in the first village where there is a
+      curate; if not, here is our licentiate who will do the business
+      beautifully; remember, I am old enough to give advice, and this I am
+      giving comes pat to the purpose; for a sparrow in the hand is better than
+      a vulture on the wing, and he who has the good to his hand and chooses the
+      bad, that the good he complains of may not come to him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Look here, Sancho," said Don Quixote. "If thou art advising me to marry,
+      in order that immediately on slaying the giant I may become king, and be
+      able to confer favours on thee, and give thee what I have promised, let me
+      tell thee I shall be able very easily to satisfy thy desires without
+      marrying; for before going into battle I will make it a stipulation that,
+      if I come out of it victorious, even I do not marry, they shall give me a
+      portion of the kingdom, that I may bestow it upon whomsoever I
+      choose, and when they give it to me upon whom wouldst thou have me bestow
+      it but upon thee?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is plain speaking," said Sancho; "but let your worship take care to
+      choose it on the seacoast, so that if I don't like the life, I may be able
+      to ship off my black vassals and deal with them as I have said; don't mind
+      going to see my lady Dulcinea now, but go and kill this giant and let us
+      finish off this business; for by God it strikes me it will be one of great
+      honour and great profit."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I hold thou art in the right of it, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and I
+      will take thy advice as to accompanying the princess before going to see
+      Dulcinea; but I counsel thee not to say anything to any one, or to those
+      who are with us, about what we have considered and discussed, for as
+      Dulcinea is so decorous that she does not wish her thoughts to be known it
+      is not right that I or anyone for me should disclose them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then, if that be so," said Sancho, "how is it that your worship
+      makes all those you overcome by your arm go to present themselves before
+      my lady Dulcinea, this being the same thing as signing your name to it
+      that you love her and are her lover? And as those who go must perforce
+      kneel before her and say they come from your worship to submit themselves
+      to her, how can the thoughts of both of you be hid?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O, how silly and simple thou art!" said Don Quixote; "seest thou not,
+      Sancho, that this tends to her greater exaltation? For thou must know that
+      according to our way of thinking in chivalry, it is a high honour to a
+      lady to have many knights-errant in her service, whose thoughts never go
+      beyond serving her for her own sake, and who look for no other reward for
+      their great and true devotion than that she should be willing to accept
+      them as her knights."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is with that kind of love," said Sancho, "I have heard preachers say
+      we ought to love our Lord, for himself alone, without being moved by the
+      hope of glory or the fear of punishment; though for my part, I would
+      rather love and serve him for what he could do."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The devil take thee for a clown!" said Don Quixote, "and what shrewd
+      things thou sayest at times! One would think thou hadst studied."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In faith, then, I cannot even read."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Master Nicholas here called out to them to wait a while, as they wanted to
+      halt and drink at a little spring there was there. Don Quixote drew up,
+      not a little to the satisfaction of Sancho, for he was by this time weary
+      of telling so many lies, and in dread of his master catching him tripping,
+      for though he knew that Dulcinea was a peasant girl of El Toboso, he had
+      never seen her in all his life. Cardenio had now put on the clothes which
+      Dorothea was wearing when they found her, and though they were not very
+      good, they were far better than those he put off. They dismounted together
+      by the side of the spring, and with what the curate had provided himself
+      with at the inn they appeased, though not very well, the keen appetite
+      they all of them brought with them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While they were so employed there happened to come by a youth passing on
+      his way, who stopping to examine the party at the spring, the next moment
+      ran to Don Quixote and clasping him round the legs, began to weep freely,
+      saying, "O, senor, do you not know me? Look at me well; I am that lad
+      Andres that your worship released from the oak-tree where I was tied."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote recognised him, and taking his hand he turned to those present
+      and said: "That your worships may see how important it is to have
+      knights-errant to redress the wrongs and injuries done by tyrannical and
+      wicked men in this world, I may tell you that some days ago passing
+      through a wood, I heard cries and piteous complaints as of a person in
+      pain and distress; I immediately hastened, impelled by my bounden duty, to
+      the quarter whence the plaintive accents seemed to me to proceed, and I
+      found tied to an oak this lad who now stands before you, which in my heart
+      I rejoice at, for his testimony will not permit me to depart from the
+      truth in any particular. He was, I say, tied to an oak, naked from the
+      waist up, and a clown, whom I afterwards found to be his master, was
+      scarifying him by lashes with the reins of his mare. As soon as I saw him
+      I asked the reason of so cruel a flagellation. The boor replied that he
+      was flogging him because he was his servant and because of carelessness
+      that proceeded rather from dishonesty than stupidity; on which this boy
+      said, 'Senor, he flogs me only because I ask for my wages.' The master
+      made I know not what speeches and explanations, which, though I listened
+      to them, I did not accept. In short, I compelled the clown to unbind him,
+      and to swear he would take him with him, and pay him real by real, and
+      perfumed into the bargain. Is not all this true, Andres my son? Didst thou
+      not mark with what authority I commanded him, and with what humility he
+      promised to do all I enjoined, specified, and required of him? Answer
+      without hesitation; tell these gentlemen what took place, that they may
+      see that it is as great an advantage as I say to have knights-errant
+      abroad."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that your worship has said is quite true," answered the lad; "but the
+      end of the business turned out just the opposite of what your worship
+      supposes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How! the opposite?" said Don Quixote; "did not the clown pay thee then?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Not only did he not pay me," replied the lad, "but as soon as your
+      worship had passed out of the wood and we were alone, he tied me up again
+      to the same oak and gave me a fresh flogging, that left me like a flayed
+      Saint Bartholomew; and every stroke he gave me he followed up with some
+      jest or gibe about having made a fool of your worship, and but for the
+      pain I was suffering I should have laughed at the things he said. In short
+      he left me in such a condition that I have been until now in a hospital
+      getting cured of the injuries which that rascally clown inflicted on me
+      then; for all which your worship is to blame; for if you had gone your own
+      way and not come where there was no call for you, nor meddled in other
+      people's affairs, my master would have been content with giving me one or
+      two dozen lashes, and would have then loosed me and paid me what he owed
+      me; but when your worship abused him so out of measure, and gave him so
+      many hard words, his anger was kindled; and as he could not revenge
+      himself on you, as soon as he saw you had left him the storm burst upon me
+      in such a way, that I feel as if I should never be a man again."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The mischief," said Don Quixote, "lay in my going away; for I should not
+      have gone until I had seen thee paid; because I ought to have known well
+      by long experience that there is no clown who will keep his word if he
+      finds it will not suit him to keep it; but thou rememberest, Andres, that
+      I swore if he did not pay thee I would go and seek him, and find him
+      though he were to hide himself in the whale's belly."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Andres; "but it was of no use."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou shalt see now whether it is of use or not," said Don Quixote; and so
+      saying, he got up hastily and bade Sancho bridle Rocinante, who was
+      browsing while they were eating. Dorothea asked him what he meant to do.
+      He replied that he meant to go in search of this clown and chastise him
+      for such iniquitous conduct, and see Andres paid to the last maravedi,
+      despite and in the teeth of all the clowns in the world. To which she
+      replied that he must remember that in accordance with his promise he could
+      not engage in any enterprise until he had concluded hers; and that as he
+      knew this better than anyone, he should restrain his ardour until his
+      return from her kingdom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Don Quixote, "and Andres must have patience until my
+      return as you say, senora; but I once more swear and promise not to stop
+      until I have seen him avenged and paid."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have no faith in those oaths," said Andres; "I would rather have now
+      something to help me to get to Seville than all the revenges in the world;
+      if you have here anything to eat that I can take with me, give it me, and
+      God be with your worship and all knights-errant; and may their errands
+      turn out as well for themselves as they have for me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho took out from his store a piece of bread and another of cheese, and
+      giving them to the lad he said, "Here, take this, brother Andres, for we
+      have all of us a share in your misfortune."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why, what share have you got?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This share of bread and cheese I am giving you," answered Sancho; "and
+      God knows whether I shall feel the want of it myself or not; for I would
+      have you know, friend, that we squires to knights-errant have to bear a
+      great deal of hunger and hard fortune, and even other things more easily
+      felt than told."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Andres seized his bread and cheese, and seeing that nobody gave him
+      anything more, bent his head, and took hold of the road, as the saying is.
+      However, before leaving he said, "For the love of God, sir knight-errant,
+      if you ever meet me again, though you may see them cutting me to pieces,
+      give me no aid or succour, but leave me to my misfortune, which will not
+      be so great but that a greater will come to me by being helped by your
+      worship, on whom and all the knights-errant that have ever been born God
+      send his curse."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was getting up to chastise him, but he took to his heels at
+      such a pace that no one attempted to follow him; and mightily chapfallen
+      was Don Quixote at Andres' story, and the others had to take great care to
+      restrain their laughter so as not to put him entirely out of countenance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c31e" id="c31e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c31e.jpg (32K)" src="images/c31e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch32" id="ch32"></a>CHAPTER XXXII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE'S PARTY AT THE INN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c32a" id="c32a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c32a.jpg (132K)" src="images/c32a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c32a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Their dainty repast being finished, they saddled at once, and without any
+      adventure worth mentioning they reached next day the inn, the object of
+      Sancho Panza's fear and dread; but though he would have rather not entered
+      it, there was no help for it. The landlady, the landlord, their daughter,
+      and Maritornes, when they saw Don Quixote and Sancho coming, went out to
+      welcome them with signs of hearty satisfaction, which Don Quixote received
+      with dignity and gravity, and bade them make up a better bed for him than
+      the last time: to which the landlady replied that if he paid better than
+      he did the last time she would give him one fit for a prince. Don Quixote
+      said he would, so they made up a tolerable one for him in the same garret
+      as before; and he lay down at once, being sorely shaken and in want of
+      sleep.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No sooner was the door shut upon him than the landlady made at the barber,
+      and seizing him by the beard, said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By my faith you are not going to make a beard of my tail any longer; you
+      must give me back tail, for it is a shame the way that thing of my
+      husband's goes tossing about on the floor; I mean the comb that I used to
+      stick in my good tail."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But for all she tugged at it the barber would not give it up until the
+      licentiate told him to let her have it, as there was now no further
+      occasion for that stratagem, because he might declare himself and appear
+      in his own character, and tell Don Quixote that he had fled to this inn
+      when those thieves the galley slaves robbed him; and should he ask for the
+      princess's squire, they could tell him that she had sent him on before her
+      to give notice to the people of her kingdom that she was coming, and
+      bringing with her the deliverer of them all. On this the barber cheerfully
+      restored the tail to the landlady, and at the same time they returned all
+      the accessories they had borrowed to effect Don Quixote's deliverance. All
+      the people of the inn were struck with astonishment at the beauty of
+      Dorothea, and even at the comely figure of the shepherd Cardenio. The
+      curate made them get ready such fare as there was in the inn, and the
+      landlord, in hope of better payment, served them up a tolerably good
+      dinner. All this time Don Quixote was asleep, and they thought it best not
+      to waken him, as sleeping would now do him more good than eating.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While at dinner, the company consisting of the landlord, his wife, their
+      daughter, Maritornes, and all the travellers, they discussed the strange
+      craze of Don Quixote and the manner in which he had been found; and the
+      landlady told them what had taken place between him and the carrier; and
+      then, looking round to see if Sancho was there, when she saw he was not,
+      she gave them the whole story of his blanketing, which they received with
+      no little amusement. But on the curate observing that it was the books of
+      chivalry which Don Quixote had read that had turned his brain, the
+      landlord said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I cannot understand how that can be, for in truth to my mind there is no
+      better reading in the world, and I have here two or three of them, with
+      other writings that are the very life, not only of myself but of plenty
+      more; for when it is harvest-time, the reapers flock here on holidays, and
+      there is always one among them who can read and who takes up one of these
+      books, and we gather round him, thirty or more of us, and stay listening
+      to him with a delight that makes our grey hairs grow young again. At least
+      I can say for myself that when I hear of what furious and terrible blows
+      the knights deliver, I am seized with the longing to do the same, and I
+      would like to be hearing about them night and day."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And I just as much," said the landlady, "because I never have a quiet
+      moment in my house except when you are listening to some one reading; for
+      then you are so taken up that for the time being you forget to scold."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is true," said Maritornes; "and, faith, I relish hearing these
+      things greatly too, for they are very pretty; especially when they
+      describe some lady or another in the arms of her knight under the orange
+      trees, and the duenna who is keeping watch for them half dead with envy
+      and fright; all this I say is as good as honey."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And you, what do you think, young lady?" said the curate turning to the
+      landlord's daughter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know indeed, senor," said she; "I listen too, and to tell the
+      truth, though I do not understand it, I like hearing it; but it is not the
+      blows that my father likes that I like, but the laments the knights utter
+      when they are separated from their ladies; and indeed they sometimes make
+      me weep with the pity I feel for them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then you would console them if it was for you they wept, young lady?"
+      said Dorothea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know what I should do," said the girl; "I only know that there
+      are some of those ladies so cruel that they call their knights tigers and
+      lions and a thousand other foul names: and Jesus! I don't know what sort
+      of folk they can be, so unfeeling and heartless, that rather than bestow a
+      glance upon a worthy man they leave him to die or go mad. I don't know
+      what is the good of such prudery; if it is for honour's sake, why not
+      marry them? That's all they want."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Hush, child," said the landlady; "it seems to me thou knowest a great
+      deal about these things, and it is not fit for girls to know or talk so
+      much."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As the gentleman asked me, I could not help answering him," said the
+      girl.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then," said the curate, "bring me these books, senor landlord, for I
+      should like to see them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said he, and going into his own room he brought out
+      an old valise secured with a little chain, on opening which the curate
+      found in it three large books and some manuscripts written in a very good
+      hand. The first that he opened he found to be "Don Cirongilio of Thrace,"
+      and the second "Don Felixmarte of Hircania," and the other the "History of
+      the Great Captain Gonzalo Hernandez de Cordova, with the Life of Diego
+      Garcia de Paredes."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the curate read the two first titles he looked over at the barber and
+      said, "We want my friend's housekeeper and niece here now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay," said the barber, "I can do just as well to carry them to the yard
+      or to the hearth, and there is a very good fire there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What! your worship would burn my books!" said the landlord.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Only these two," said the curate, "Don Cirongilio, and Felixmarte."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are my books, then, heretics or phlegmaties that you want to burn them?"
+      said the landlord.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Schismatics you mean, friend," said the barber, "not phlegmatics."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That's it," said the landlord; "but if you want to burn any, let it be
+      that about the Great Captain and that Diego Garcia; for I would rather
+      have a child of mine burnt than either of the others."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Brother," said the curate, "those two books are made up of lies, and are
+      full of folly and nonsense; but this of the Great Captain is a true
+      history, and contains the deeds of Gonzalo Hernandez of Cordova, who by
+      his many and great achievements earned the title all over the world of the
+      Great Captain, a famous and illustrious name, and deserved by him alone;
+      and this Diego Garcia de Paredes was a distinguished knight of the city of
+      Trujillo in Estremadura, a most gallant soldier, and of such bodily
+      strength that with one finger he stopped a mill-wheel in full motion; and
+      posted with a two-handed sword at the foot of a bridge he kept the whole
+      of an immense army from passing over it, and achieved such other exploits
+      that if, instead of his relating them himself with the modesty of a knight
+      and of one writing his own history, some free and unbiased writer had
+      recorded them, they would have thrown into the shade all the deeds of the
+      Hectors, Achilleses, and Rolands."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c32b" id="c32b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c32b.jpg (395K)" src="images/c32b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c32b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell that to my father," said the landlord. "There's a thing to be
+      astonished at! Stopping a mill-wheel! By God your worship should read what
+      I have read of Felixmarte of Hircania, how with one single backstroke he
+      cleft five giants asunder through the middle as if they had been made of
+      bean-pods like the little friars the children make; and another time he
+      attacked a very great and powerful army, in which there were more than a
+      million six hundred thousand soldiers, all armed from head to foot, and he
+      routed them all as if they had been flocks of sheep."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c32c" id="c32c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c32c.jpg (341K)" src="images/c32c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c32c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And then, what do you say to the good Cirongilio of Thrace, that was so
+      stout and bold; as may be seen in the book, where it is related that as he
+      was sailing along a river there came up out of the midst of the water
+      against him a fiery serpent, and he, as soon as he saw it, flung himself
+      upon it and got astride of its scaly shoulders, and squeezed its throat
+      with both hands with such force that the serpent, finding he was
+      throttling it, had nothing for it but to let itself sink to the bottom of
+      the river, carrying with it the knight who would not let go his hold; and
+      when they got down there he found himself among palaces and gardens so
+      pretty that it was a wonder to see; and then the serpent changed itself
+      into an old ancient man, who told him such things as were never heard.
+      Hold your peace, senor; for if you were to hear this you would go mad with
+      delight. A couple of figs for your Great Captain and your Diego Garcia!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hearing this Dorothea said in a whisper to Cardenio, "Our landlord is
+      almost fit to play a second part to Don Quixote."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I think so," said Cardenio, "for, as he shows, he accepts it as a
+      certainty that everything those books relate took place exactly as it is
+      written down; and the barefooted friars themselves would not persuade him
+      to the contrary."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But consider, brother," said the curate once more, "there never was any
+      Felixmarte of Hircania in the world, nor any Cirongilio of Thrace, or any
+      of the other knights of the same sort, that the books of chivalry talk of;
+      the whole thing is the fabrication and invention of idle wits, devised by
+      them for the purpose you describe of beguiling the time, as your reapers
+      do when they read; for I swear to you in all seriousness there never were
+      any such knights in the world, and no such exploits or nonsense ever
+      happened anywhere."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Try that bone on another dog," said the landlord; "as if I did not know
+      how many make five, and where my shoe pinches me; don't think to feed me
+      with pap, for by God I am no fool. It is a good joke for your worship to
+      try and persuade me that everything these good books say is nonsense and
+      lies, and they printed by the license of the Lords of the Royal Council,
+      as if they were people who would allow such a lot of lies to be printed
+      all together, and so many battles and enchantments that they take away
+      one's senses."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have told you, friend," said the curate, "that this is done to divert
+      our idle thoughts; and as in well-ordered states games of chess, fives,
+      and billiards are allowed for the diversion of those who do not care, or
+      are not obliged, or are unable to work, so books of this kind are allowed
+      to be printed, on the supposition that, what indeed is the truth, there
+      can be nobody so ignorant as to take any of them for true stories; and if
+      it were permitted me now, and the present company desired it, I could say
+      something about the qualities books of chivalry should possess to be good
+      ones, that would be to the advantage and even to the taste of some; but I
+      hope the time will come when I can communicate my ideas to some one who
+      may be able to mend matters; and in the meantime, senor landlord, believe
+      what I have said, and take your books, and make up your mind about their
+      truth or falsehood, and much good may they do you; and God grant you may
+      not fall lame of the same foot your guest Don Quixote halts on."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No fear of that," returned the landlord; "I shall not be so mad as to
+      make a knight-errant of myself; for I see well enough that things are not
+      now as they used to be in those days, when they say those famous knights
+      roamed about the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho had made his appearance in the middle of this conversation, and he
+      was very much troubled and cast down by what he heard said about
+      knights-errant being now no longer in vogue, and all books of chivalry
+      being folly and lies; and he resolved in his heart to wait and see what
+      came of this journey of his master's, and if it did not turn out as
+      happily as his master expected, he determined to leave him and go back to
+      his wife and children and his ordinary labour.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The landlord was carrying away the valise and the books, but the curate
+      said to him, "Wait; I want to see what those papers are that are written
+      in such a good hand." The landlord taking them out handed them to him to
+      read, and he perceived they were a work of about eight sheets of
+      manuscript, with, in large letters at the beginning, the title of "Novel
+      of the Ill-advised Curiosity." The curate read three or four lines to
+      himself, and said, "I must say the title of this novel does not seem to me
+      a bad one, and I feel an inclination to read it all." To which the
+      landlord replied, "Then your reverence will do well to read it, for I can
+      tell you that some guests who have read it here have been much pleased
+      with it, and have begged it of me very earnestly; but I would not give it,
+      meaning to return it to the person who forgot the valise, books, and
+      papers here, for maybe he will return here some time or other; and though
+      I know I shall miss the books, faith I mean to return them; for though I
+      am an innkeeper, still I am a Christian."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You are very right, friend," said the curate; "but for all that, if the
+      novel pleases me you must let me copy it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," replied the host.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While they were talking Cardenio had taken up the novel and begun to read
+      it, and forming the same opinion of it as the curate, he begged him to
+      read it so that they might all hear it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I would read it," said the curate, "if the time would not be better spent
+      in sleeping."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will be rest enough for me," said Dorothea, "to while away the time by
+      listening to some tale, for my spirits are not yet tranquil enough to let
+      me sleep when it would be seasonable."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then, in that case," said the curate, "I will read it, if it were
+      only out of curiosity; perhaps it may contain something pleasant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Master Nicholas added his entreaties to the same effect, and Sancho too;
+      seeing which, and considering that he would give pleasure to all, and
+      receive it himself, the curate said, "Well then, attend to me everyone,
+      for the novel begins thus."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c32e" id="c32e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c32e.jpg (11K)" src="images/c32e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch33" id="ch33"></a>CHAPTER XXXIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS RELATED THE NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CURIOSITY"
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In Florence, a rich and famous city of Italy in the province called
+      Tuscany, there lived two gentlemen of wealth and quality, Anselmo and
+      Lothario, such great friends that by way of distinction they were called
+      by all that knew them "The Two Friends." They were unmarried, young, of
+      the same age and of the same tastes, which was enough to account for the
+      reciprocal friendship between them. Anselmo, it is true, was somewhat more
+      inclined to seek pleasure in love than Lothario, for whom the pleasures of
+      the chase had more attraction; but on occasion Anselmo would forego his
+      own tastes to yield to those of Lothario, and Lothario would surrender his
+      to fall in with those of Anselmo, and in this way their inclinations kept
+      pace one with the other with a concord so perfect that the best regulated
+      clock could not surpass it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo was deep in love with a high-born and beautiful maiden of the same
+      city, the daughter of parents so estimable, and so estimable herself, that
+      he resolved, with the approval of his friend Lothario, without whom he did
+      nothing, to ask her of them in marriage, and did so, Lothario being the
+      bearer of the demand, and conducting the negotiation so much to the
+      satisfaction of his friend that in a short time he was in possession of
+      the object of his desires, and Camilla so happy in having won Anselmo for
+      her husband, that she gave thanks unceasingly to heaven and to Lothario,
+      by whose means such good fortune had fallen to her. The first few days,
+      those of a wedding being usually days of merry-making, Lothario frequented
+      his friend Anselmo's house as he had been wont, striving to do honour to
+      him and to the occasion, and to gratify him in every way he could; but
+      when the wedding days were over and the succession of visits and
+      congratulations had slackened, he began purposely to leave off going to
+      the house of Anselmo, for it seemed to him, as it naturally would to all
+      men of sense, that friends' houses ought not to be visited after marriage
+      with the same frequency as in their masters' bachelor days: because,
+      though true and genuine friendship cannot and should not be in any way
+      suspicious, still a married man's honour is a thing of such delicacy that
+      it is held liable to injury from brothers, much more from friends. Anselmo
+      remarked the cessation of Lothario's visits, and complained of it to him,
+      saying that if he had known that marriage was to keep him from enjoying
+      his society as he used, he would have never married; and that, if by the
+      thorough harmony that subsisted between them while he was a bachelor they
+      had earned such a sweet name as that of "The Two Friends," he should not
+      allow a title so rare and so delightful to be lost through a needless
+      anxiety to act circumspectly; and so he entreated him, if such a phrase
+      was allowable between them, to be once more master of his house and to
+      come in and go out as formerly, assuring him that his wife Camilla had no
+      other desire or inclination than that which he would wish her to have, and
+      that knowing how sincerely they loved one another she was grieved to see
+      such coldness in him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To all this and much more that Anselmo said to Lothario to persuade him to
+      come to his house as he had been in the habit of doing, Lothario replied
+      with so much prudence, sense, and judgment, that Anselmo was satisfied of
+      his friend's good intentions, and it was agreed that on two days in the
+      week, and on holidays, Lothario should come to dine with him; but though
+      this arrangement was made between them Lothario resolved to observe it no
+      further than he considered to be in accordance with the honour of his
+      friend, whose good name was more to him than his own. He said, and justly,
+      that a married man upon whom heaven had bestowed a beautiful wife should
+      consider as carefully what friends he brought to his house as what female
+      friends his wife associated with, for what cannot be done or arranged in
+      the market-place, in church, at public festivals or at stations
+      (opportunities that husbands cannot always deny their wives), may be
+      easily managed in the house of the female friend or relative in whom most
+      confidence is reposed. Lothario said, too, that every married man should
+      have some friend who would point out to him any negligence he might be
+      guilty of in his conduct, for it will sometimes happen that owing to the
+      deep affection the husband bears his wife either he does not caution her,
+      or, not to vex her, refrains from telling her to do or not to do certain
+      things, doing or avoiding which may be a matter of honour or reproach to
+      him; and errors of this kind he could easily correct if warned by a
+      friend. But where is such a friend to be found as Lothario would have, so
+      judicious, so loyal, and so true?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of a truth I know not; Lothario alone was such a one, for with the utmost
+      care and vigilance he watched over the honour of his friend, and strove to
+      diminish, cut down, and reduce the number of days for going to his house
+      according to their agreement, lest the visits of a young man, wealthy,
+      high-born, and with the attractions he was conscious of possessing, at the
+      house of a woman so beautiful as Camilla, should be regarded with
+      suspicion by the inquisitive and malicious eyes of the idle public. For
+      though his integrity and reputation might bridle slanderous tongues, still
+      he was unwilling to hazard either his own good name or that of his friend;
+      and for this reason most of the days agreed upon he devoted to some other
+      business which he pretended was unavoidable; so that a great portion of
+      the day was taken up with complaints on one side and excuses on the other.
+      It happened, however, that on one occasion when the two were strolling
+      together outside the city, Anselmo addressed the following words to
+      Lothario.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou mayest suppose, Lothario my friend, that I am unable to give
+      sufficient thanks for the favours God has rendered me in making me the son
+      of such parents as mine were, and bestowing upon me with no niggard hand
+      what are called the gifts of nature as well as those of fortune, and above
+      all for what he has done in giving me thee for a friend and Camilla for a
+      wife&mdash;two treasures that I value, if not as highly as I ought, at
+      least as highly as I am able. And yet, with all these good things, which
+      are commonly all that men need to enable them to live happily, I am the
+      most discontented and dissatisfied man in the whole world; for, I know not
+      how long since, I have been harassed and oppressed by a desire so strange
+      and so unusual, that I wonder at myself and blame and chide myself when I
+      am alone, and strive to stifle it and hide it from my own thoughts, and
+      with no better success than if I were endeavouring deliberately to publish
+      it to all the world; and as, in short, it must come out, I would confide
+      it to thy safe keeping, feeling sure that by this means, and by thy
+      readiness as a true friend to afford me relief, I shall soon find myself
+      freed from the distress it causes me, and that thy care will give me
+      happiness in the same degree as my own folly has caused me misery."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The words of Anselmo struck Lothario with astonishment, unable as he was
+      to conjecture the purport of such a lengthy preamble; and though he strove
+      to imagine what desire it could be that so troubled his friend, his
+      conjectures were all far from the truth, and to relieve the anxiety which
+      this perplexity was causing him, he told him he was doing a flagrant
+      injustice to their great friendship in seeking circuitous methods of
+      confiding to him his most hidden thoughts, for he well knew he might
+      reckon upon his counsel in diverting them, or his help in carrying them
+      into effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is the truth," replied Anselmo, "and relying upon that I will tell
+      thee, friend Lothario, that the desire which harasses me is that of
+      knowing whether my wife Camilla is as good and as perfect as I think her
+      to be; and I cannot satisfy myself of the truth on this point except by
+      testing her in such a way that the trial may prove the purity of her
+      virtue as the fire proves that of gold; because I am persuaded, my friend,
+      that a woman is virtuous only in proportion as she is or is not tempted;
+      and that she alone is strong who does not yield to the promises, gifts,
+      tears, and importunities of earnest lovers; for what thanks does a woman
+      deserve for being good if no one urges her to be bad, and what wonder is
+      it that she is reserved and circumspect to whom no opportunity is given of
+      going wrong and who knows she has a husband that will take her life the
+      first time he detects her in an impropriety? I do not therefore hold her
+      who is virtuous through fear or want of opportunity in the same estimation
+      as her who comes out of temptation and trial with a crown of victory; and
+      so, for these reasons and many others that I could give thee to justify
+      and support the opinion I hold, I am desirous that my wife Camilla should
+      pass this crisis, and be refined and tested by the fire of finding herself
+      wooed and by one worthy to set his affections upon her; and if she comes
+      out, as I know she will, victorious from this struggle, I shall look upon
+      my good fortune as unequalled, I shall be able to say that the cup of my
+      desire is full, and that the virtuous woman of whom the sage says 'Who
+      shall find her?' has fallen to my lot. And if the result be the contrary
+      of what I expect, in the satisfaction of knowing that I have been right in
+      my opinion, I shall bear without complaint the pain which my so dearly
+      bought experience will naturally cause me. And, as nothing of all thou
+      wilt urge in opposition to my wish will avail to keep me from carrying it
+      into effect, it is my desire, friend Lothario, that thou shouldst consent
+      to become the instrument for effecting this purpose that I am bent upon,
+      for I will afford thee opportunities to that end, and nothing shall be
+      wanting that I may think necessary for the pursuit of a virtuous,
+      honourable, modest and high-minded woman. And among other reasons, I am
+      induced to entrust this arduous task to thee by the consideration that if
+      Camilla be conquered by thee the conquest will not be pushed to extremes,
+      but only far enough to account that accomplished which from a sense of
+      honour will be left undone; thus I shall not be wronged in anything more
+      than intention, and my wrong will remain buried in the integrity of thy
+      silence, which I know well will be as lasting as that of death in what
+      concerns me. If, therefore, thou wouldst have me enjoy what can be called
+      life, thou wilt at once engage in this love struggle, not lukewarmly nor
+      slothfully, but with the energy and zeal that my desire demands, and with
+      the loyalty our friendship assures me of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such were the words Anselmo addressed to Lothario, who listened to them
+      with such attention that, except to say what has been already mentioned,
+      he did not open his lips until the other had finished. Then perceiving
+      that he had no more to say, after regarding him for awhile, as one would
+      regard something never before seen that excited wonder and amazement, he
+      said to him, "I cannot persuade myself, Anselmo my friend, that what thou
+      hast said to me is not in jest; if I thought that thou wert speaking
+      seriously I would not have allowed thee to go so far; so as to put a stop
+      to thy long harangue by not listening to thee I verily suspect that either
+      thou dost not know me, or I do not know thee; but no, I know well thou art
+      Anselmo, and thou knowest that I am Lothario; the misfortune is, it seems
+      to me, that thou art not the Anselmo thou wert, and must have thought that
+      I am not the Lothario I should be; for the things that thou hast said to
+      me are not those of that Anselmo who was my friend, nor are those that
+      thou demandest of me what should be asked of the Lothario thou knowest.
+      True friends will prove their friends and make use of them, as a poet has
+      said, usque ad aras; whereby he meant that they will not make use of their
+      friendship in things that are contrary to God's will. If this, then, was a
+      heathen's feeling about friendship, how much more should it be a
+      Christian's, who knows that the divine must not be forfeited for the sake
+      of any human friendship? And if a friend should go so far as to put aside
+      his duty to Heaven to fulfil his duty to his friend, it should not be in
+      matters that are trifling or of little moment, but in such as affect the
+      friend's life and honour. Now tell me, Anselmo, in which of these two art
+      thou imperilled, that I should hazard myself to gratify thee, and do a
+      thing so detestable as that thou seekest of me? Neither forsooth; on the
+      contrary, thou dost ask of me, so far as I understand, to strive and
+      labour to rob thee of honour and life, and to rob myself of them at the
+      same time; for if I take away thy honour it is plain I take away thy life,
+      as a man without honour is worse than dead; and being the instrument, as
+      thou wilt have it so, of so much wrong to thee, shall not I, too, be left
+      without honour, and consequently without life? Listen to me, Anselmo my
+      friend, and be not impatient to answer me until I have said what occurs to
+      me touching the object of thy desire, for there will be time enough left
+      for thee to reply and for me to hear."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be it so," said Anselmo, "say what thou wilt."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario then went on to say, "It seems to me, Anselmo, that thine is just
+      now the temper of mind which is always that of the Moors, who can never be
+      brought to see the error of their creed by quotations from the Holy
+      Scriptures, or by reasons which depend upon the examination of the
+      understanding or are founded upon the articles of faith, but must have
+      examples that are palpable, easy, intelligible, capable of proof, not
+      admitting of doubt, with mathematical demonstrations that cannot be
+      denied, like, 'If equals be taken from equals, the remainders are equal:'
+      and if they do not understand this in words, and indeed they do not, it
+      has to be shown to them with the hands, and put before their eyes, and
+      even with all this no one succeeds in convincing them of the truth of our
+      holy religion. This same mode of proceeding I shall have to adopt with
+      thee, for the desire which has sprung up in thee is so absurd and remote
+      from everything that has a semblance of reason, that I feel it would be a
+      waste of time to employ it in reasoning with thy simplicity, for at
+      present I will call it by no other name; and I am even tempted to leave
+      thee in thy folly as a punishment for thy pernicious desire; but the
+      friendship I bear thee, which will not allow me to desert thee in such
+      manifest danger of destruction, keeps me from dealing so harshly by thee.
+      And that thou mayest clearly see this, say, Anselmo, hast thou not told me
+      that I must force my suit upon a modest woman, decoy one that is virtuous,
+      make overtures to one that is pure-minded, pay court to one that is
+      prudent? Yes, thou hast told me so. Then, if thou knowest that thou hast a
+      wife, modest, virtuous, pure-minded and prudent, what is it that thou
+      seekest? And if thou believest that she will come forth victorious from
+      all my attacks&mdash;as doubtless she would&mdash;what higher titles than
+      those she possesses now dost thou think thou canst upon her then, or in
+      what will she be better then than she is now? Either thou dost not hold
+      her to be what thou sayest, or thou knowest not what thou dost demand. If
+      thou dost not hold her to be what thou sayest, why dost thou seek to prove her
+      instead of treating her as guilty in the way that may seem best to thee?
+      but if she be as virtuous as thou believest, it is an uncalled-for
+      proceeding to make trial of truth itself, for, after trial, it will but be
+      in the same estimation as before. Thus, then, it is conclusive that to
+      attempt things from which harm rather than advantage may come to us is the
+      part of unreasoning and reckless minds, more especially when they are
+      things which we are not forced or compelled to attempt, and which show
+      from afar that it is plainly madness to attempt them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Difficulties are attempted either for the sake of God or for the sake of
+      the world, or for both; those undertaken for God's sake are those which
+      the saints undertake when they attempt to live the lives of angels in
+      human bodies; those undertaken for the sake of the world are those of the
+      men who traverse such a vast expanse of water, such a variety of climates,
+      so many strange countries, to acquire what are called the blessings of
+      fortune; and those undertaken for the sake of God and the world together
+      are those of brave soldiers, who no sooner do they see in the enemy's wall
+      a breach as wide as a cannon ball could make, than, casting aside all
+      fear, without hesitating, or heeding the manifest peril that threatens
+      them, borne onward by the desire of defending their faith, their country,
+      and their king, they fling themselves dauntlessly into the midst of the
+      thousand opposing deaths that await them. Such are the things that men are
+      wont to attempt, and there is honour, glory, gain, in attempting them,
+      however full of difficulty and peril they may be; but that which thou
+      sayest it is thy wish to attempt and carry out will not win thee the glory
+      of God nor the blessings of fortune nor fame among men; for even if the
+      issue be as thou wouldst have it, thou wilt be no happier, richer, or more
+      honoured than thou art this moment; and if it be otherwise thou wilt be
+      reduced to misery greater than can be imagined, for then it will avail
+      thee nothing to reflect that no one is aware of the misfortune that has
+      befallen thee; it will suffice to torture and crush thee that thou knowest
+      it thyself. And in confirmation of the truth of what I say, let me repeat
+      to thee a stanza made by the famous poet Luigi Tansillo at the end of the
+      first part of his 'Tears of Saint Peter,' which says thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The anguish and the shame but greater grew In Peter's heart as morning
+      slowly came; No eye was there to see him, well he knew, Yet he himself was
+      to himself a shame; Exposed to all men's gaze, or screened from view, A
+      noble heart will feel the pang the same; A prey to shame the sinning soul
+      will be, Though none but heaven and earth its shame can see.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus by keeping it secret thou wilt not escape thy sorrow, but rather thou
+      wilt shed tears unceasingly, if not tears of the eyes, tears of blood from
+      the heart, like those shed by that simple doctor our poet tells us of,
+      that tried the test of the cup, which the wise Rinaldo, better advised,
+      refused to do; for though this may be a poetic fiction it contains a moral
+      lesson worthy of attention and study and imitation. Moreover by what I am
+      about to say to thee thou wilt be led to see the great error thou wouldst
+      commit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell me, Anselmo, if Heaven or good fortune had made thee master and
+      lawful owner of a diamond of the finest quality, with the excellence and
+      purity of which all the lapidaries that had seen it had been satisfied,
+      saying with one voice and common consent that in purity, quality, and
+      fineness, it was all that a stone of the kind could possibly be, thou
+      thyself too being of the same belief, as knowing nothing to the contrary,
+      would it be reasonable in thee to desire to take that diamond and place it
+      between an anvil and a hammer, and by mere force of blows and strength of
+      arm try if it were as hard and as fine as they said? And if thou didst,
+      and if the stone should resist so silly a test, that would add nothing to
+      its value or reputation; and if it were broken, as it might be, would not
+      all be lost? Undoubtedly it would, leaving its owner to be rated as a fool
+      in the opinion of all. Consider, then, Anselmo my friend, that Camilla is
+      a diamond of the finest quality as well in thy estimation as in that of
+      others, and that it is contrary to reason to expose her to the risk of
+      being broken; for if she remains intact she cannot rise to a higher value
+      than she now possesses; and if she give way and be unable to resist,
+      bethink thee now how thou wilt be deprived of her, and with what good
+      reason thou wilt complain of thyself for having been the cause of her ruin
+      and thine own. Remember there is no jewel in the world so precious as a
+      chaste and virtuous woman, and that the whole honour of women consists in
+      reputation; and since thy wife's is of that high excellence that thou
+      knowest, wherefore shouldst thou seek to call that truth in question?
+      Remember, my friend, that woman is an imperfect animal, and that
+      impediments are not to be placed in her way to make her trip and fall, but
+      that they should be removed, and her path left clear of all obstacles, so
+      that without hindrance she may run her course freely to attain the desired
+      perfection, which consists in being virtuous. Naturalists tell us that the
+      ermine is a little animal which has a fur of purest white, and that when
+      the hunters wish to take it, they make use of this artifice. Having
+      ascertained the places which it frequents and passes, they stop the way to
+      them with mud, and then rousing it, drive it towards the spot, and as soon
+      as the ermine comes to the mud it halts, and allows itself to be taken
+      captive rather than pass through the mire, and spoil and sully its
+      whiteness, which it values more than life and liberty. The virtuous and
+      chaste woman is an ermine, and whiter and purer than snow is the virtue of
+      modesty; and he who wishes her not to lose it, but to keep and preserve
+      it, must adopt a course different from that employed with the ermine; he
+      must not put before her the mire of the gifts and attentions of
+      persevering lovers, because perhaps&mdash;and even without a perhaps&mdash;she
+      may not have sufficient virtue and natural strength in herself to pass
+      through and tread under foot these impediments; they must be removed, and
+      the brightness of virtue and the beauty of a fair fame must be put before
+      her. A virtuous woman, too, is like a mirror, of clear shining crystal,
+      liable to be tarnished and dimmed by every breath that touches it. She
+      must be treated as relics are; adored, not touched. She must be protected
+      and prized as one protects and prizes a fair garden full of roses and
+      flowers, the owner of which allows no one to trespass or pluck a blossom;
+      enough for others that from afar and through the iron grating they may
+      enjoy its fragrance and its beauty. Finally let me repeat to thee some
+      verses that come to my mind; I heard them in a modern comedy, and it seems
+      to me they bear upon the point we are discussing. A prudent old man was
+      giving advice to another, the father of a young girl, to lock her up,
+      watch over her and keep her in seclusion, and among other arguments he
+      used these:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+ Woman is a thing of glass;
+   But her brittleness 'tis best
+   Not too curiously to test:
+ Who knows what may come to pass?
+
+ Breaking is an easy matter,
+   And it's folly to expose
+   What you cannot mend to blows;
+ What you can't make whole to shatter.
+
+ This, then, all may hold as true,
+   And the reason's plain to see;
+   For if Danaes there be,
+ There are golden showers too."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "All that I have said to thee so far, Anselmo, has had reference to what
+      concerns thee; now it is right that I should say something of what regards
+      myself; and if I be prolix, pardon me, for the labyrinth into which thou
+      hast entered and from which thou wouldst have me extricate thee makes it
+      necessary.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou dost reckon me thy friend, and thou wouldst rob me of honour, a
+      thing wholly inconsistent with friendship; and not only dost thou aim at
+      this, but thou wouldst have me rob thee of it also. That thou wouldst rob
+      me of it is clear, for when Camilla sees that I pay court to her as thou
+      requirest, she will certainly regard me as a man without honour or right
+      feeling, since I attempt and do a thing so much opposed to what I owe to
+      my own position and thy friendship. That thou wouldst have me rob thee of
+      it is beyond a doubt, for Camilla, seeing that I press my suit upon her,
+      will suppose that I have perceived in her something light that has
+      encouraged me to make known to her my base desire; and if she holds
+      herself dishonoured, her dishonour touches thee as belonging to her; and
+      hence arises what so commonly takes place, that the husband of the
+      adulterous woman, though he may not be aware of or have given any cause
+      for his wife's failure in her duty, or (being careless or negligent) have
+      had it in his power to prevent his dishonour, nevertheless is stigmatised
+      by a vile and reproachful name, and in a manner regarded with eyes of
+      contempt instead of pity by all who know of his wife's guilt, though they
+      see that he is unfortunate not by his own fault, but by the lust of a
+      vicious consort. But I will tell thee why with good reason dishonour
+      attaches to the husband of the unchaste wife, though he know not that she
+      is so, nor be to blame, nor have done anything, or given any provocation
+      to make her so; and be not weary with listening to me, for it will be for
+      thy good.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When God created our first parent in the earthly paradise, the Holy
+      Scripture says that he infused sleep into Adam and while he slept took a
+      rib from his left side of which he formed our mother Eve, and when Adam
+      awoke and beheld her he said, 'This is flesh of my flesh, and bone of my
+      bone.' And God said 'For this shall a man leave his father and his mother,
+      and they shall be two in one flesh; and then was instituted the divine
+      sacrament of marriage, with such ties that death alone can loose them. And
+      such is the force and virtue of this miraculous sacrament that it makes
+      two different persons one and the same flesh; and even more than this when
+      the virtuous are married; for though they have two souls they have but one
+      will. And hence it follows that as the flesh of the wife is one and the
+      same with that of her husband the stains that may come upon it, or the
+      injuries it incurs fall upon the husband's flesh, though he, as has been
+      said, may have given no cause for them; for as the pain of the foot or any
+      member of the body is felt by the whole body, because all is one flesh, as
+      the head feels the hurt to the ankle without having caused it, so the
+      husband, being one with her, shares the dishonour of the wife; and as all
+      worldly honour or dishonour comes of flesh and blood, and the erring
+      wife's is of that kind, the husband must needs bear his part of it and be
+      held dishonoured without knowing it. See, then, Anselmo, the peril thou
+      art encountering in seeking to disturb the peace of thy virtuous consort;
+      see for what an empty and ill-advised curiosity thou wouldst rouse up
+      passions that now repose in quiet in the breast of thy chaste wife;
+      reflect that what thou art staking all to win is little, and what thou
+      wilt lose so much that I leave it undescribed, not having the words to
+      express it. But if all I have said be not enough to turn thee from thy
+      vile purpose, thou must seek some other instrument for thy dishonour and
+      misfortune; for such I will not consent to be, though I lose thy
+      friendship, the greatest loss that I can conceive."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having said this, the wise and virtuous Lothario was silent, and Anselmo,
+      troubled in mind and deep in thought, was unable for a while to utter a
+      word in reply; but at length he said, "I have listened, Lothario my
+      friend, attentively, as thou hast seen, to what thou hast chosen to say to
+      me, and in thy arguments, examples, and comparisons I have seen that high
+      intelligence thou dost possess, and the perfection of true friendship thou
+      hast reached; and likewise I see and confess that if I am not guided by
+      thy opinion, but follow my own, I am flying from the good and pursuing the
+      evil. This being so, thou must remember that I am now labouring under that
+      infirmity which women sometimes suffer from, when the craving seizes them
+      to eat clay, plaster, charcoal, and things even worse, disgusting to look
+      at, much more to eat; so that it will be necessary to have recourse to
+      some artifice to cure me; and this can be easily effected if only thou
+      wilt make a beginning, even though it be in a lukewarm and make-believe
+      fashion, to pay court to Camilla, who will not be so yielding that her
+      virtue will give way at the first attack: with this mere attempt I shall
+      rest satisfied, and thou wilt have done what our friendship binds thee to
+      do, not only in giving me life, but in persuading me not to discard my
+      honour. And this thou art bound to do for one reason alone, that, being,
+      as I am, resolved to apply this test, it is not for thee to permit me to
+      reveal my weakness to another, and so imperil that honour thou art
+      striving to keep me from losing; and if thine may not stand as high as it
+      ought in the estimation of Camilla while thou art paying court to her,
+      that is of little or no importance, because ere long, on finding in her
+      that constancy which we expect, thou canst tell her the plain truth as
+      regards our stratagem, and so regain thy place in her esteem; and as thou
+      art venturing so little, and by the venture canst afford me so much
+      satisfaction, refuse not to undertake it, even if further difficulties
+      present themselves to thee; for, as I have said, if thou wilt only make a
+      beginning I will acknowledge the issue decided."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario seeing the fixed determination of Anselmo, and not knowing what
+      further examples to offer or arguments to urge in order to dissuade him
+      from it, and perceiving that he threatened to confide his pernicious
+      scheme to some one else, to avoid a greater evil resolved to gratify him
+      and do what he asked, intending to manage the business so as to satisfy
+      Anselmo without corrupting the mind of Camilla; so in reply he told him
+      not to communicate his purpose to any other, for he would undertake the
+      task himself, and would begin it as soon as he pleased. Anselmo embraced
+      him warmly and affectionately, and thanked him for his offer as if he had
+      bestowed some great favour upon him; and it was agreed between them to set
+      about it the next day, Anselmo affording opportunity and time to Lothario
+      to converse alone with Camilla, and furnishing him with money and jewels
+      to offer and present to her. He suggested, too, that he should treat her
+      to music, and write verses in her praise, and if he was unwilling to take
+      the trouble of composing them, he offered to do it himself. Lothario
+      agreed to all with an intention very different from what Anselmo supposed,
+      and with this understanding they returned to Anselmo's house, where they
+      found Camilla awaiting her husband anxiously and uneasily, for he was
+      later than usual in returning that day. Lothario repaired to his own
+      house, and Anselmo remained in his, as well satisfied as Lothario was
+      troubled in mind; for he could see no satisfactory way out of this
+      ill-advised business. That night, however, he thought of a plan by which
+      he might deceive Anselmo without any injury to Camilla. The next day he
+      went to dine with his friend, and was welcomed by Camilla, who received
+      and treated him with great cordiality, knowing the affection her husband
+      felt for him. When dinner was over and the cloth removed, Anselmo told
+      Lothario to stay there with Camilla while he attended to some pressing
+      business, as he would return in an hour and a half. Camilla begged him not
+      to go, and Lothario offered to accompany him, but nothing could persuade
+      Anselmo, who on the contrary pressed Lothario to remain waiting for him as
+      he had a matter of great importance to discuss with him. At the same time
+      he bade Camilla not to leave Lothario alone until he came back. In short
+      he contrived to put so good a face on the reason, or the folly, of his
+      absence that no one could have suspected it was a pretence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo took his departure, and Camilla and Lothario were left alone at
+      the table, for the rest of the household had gone to dinner. Lothario saw
+      himself in the lists according to his friend's wish, and facing an enemy
+      that could by her beauty alone vanquish a squadron of armed knights; judge
+      whether he had good reason to fear; but what he did was to lean his elbow
+      on the arm of the chair, and his cheek upon his hand, and, asking
+      Camilla's pardon for his ill manners, he said he wished to take a little
+      sleep until Anselmo returned. Camilla in reply said he could repose more
+      at his ease in the reception-room than in his chair, and begged of him to
+      go in and sleep there; but Lothario declined, and there he remained asleep
+      until the return of Anselmo, who finding Camilla in her own room, and
+      Lothario asleep, imagined that he had stayed away so long as to have
+      afforded them time enough for conversation and even for sleep, and was all
+      impatience until Lothario should wake up, that he might go out with him
+      and question him as to his success. Everything fell out as he wished;
+      Lothario awoke, and the two at once left the house, and Anselmo asked what
+      he was anxious to know, and Lothario in answer told him that he had not
+      thought it advisable to declare himself entirely the first time, and
+      therefore had only extolled the charms of Camilla, telling her that all
+      the city spoke of nothing else but her beauty and wit, for this seemed to
+      him an excellent way of beginning to gain her good-will and render her
+      disposed to listen to him with pleasure the next time, thus availing
+      himself of the device the devil has recourse to when he would deceive one
+      who is on the watch; for he being the angel of darkness transforms himself
+      into an angel of light, and, under cover of a fair seeming, discloses
+      himself at length, and effects his purpose if at the beginning his wiles
+      are not discovered. All this gave great satisfaction to Anselmo, and he
+      said he would afford the same opportunity every day, but without leaving
+      the house, for he would find things to do at home so that Camilla should
+      not detect the plot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, then, several days went by, and Lothario, without uttering a word to
+      Camilla, reported to Anselmo that he had talked with her and that he had
+      never been able to draw from her the slightest indication of consent to
+      anything dishonourable, nor even a sign or shadow of hope; on the
+      contrary, he said she would inform her husband of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So far well," said Anselmo; "Camilla has thus far resisted words; we must
+      now see how she will resist deeds. I will give you to-morrow two thousand
+      crowns in gold for you to offer or even present, and as many more to buy
+      jewels to lure her, for women are fond of being becomingly attired and
+      going gaily dressed, and all the more so if they are beautiful, however
+      chaste they may be; and if she resists this temptation, I will rest
+      satisfied and will give you no more trouble."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario replied that now he had begun he would carry on the undertaking
+      to the end, though he perceived he was to come out of it wearied and
+      vanquished. The next day he received the four thousand crowns, and with
+      them four thousand perplexities, for he knew not what to say by way of a
+      new falsehood; but in the end he made up his mind to tell him that Camilla
+      stood as firm against gifts and promises as against words, and that there
+      was no use in taking any further trouble, for the time was all spent to no
+      purpose.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But chance, directing things in a different manner, so ordered it that
+      Anselmo, having left Lothario and Camilla alone as on other occasions,
+      shut himself into a chamber and posted himself to watch and listen through
+      the keyhole to what passed between them, and perceived that for more than
+      half an hour Lothario did not utter a word to Camilla, nor would utter a
+      word though he were to be there for an age; and he came to the conclusion
+      that what his friend had told him about the replies of Camilla was all
+      invention and falsehood, and to ascertain if it were so, he came out, and
+      calling Lothario aside asked him what news he had and in what humour
+      Camilla was. Lothario replied that he was not disposed to go on with the
+      business, for she had answered him so angrily and harshly that he had no
+      heart to say anything more to her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, Lothario, Lothario," said Anselmo, "how ill dost thou meet thy
+      obligations to me, and the great confidence I repose in thee! I have been
+      just now watching through this keyhole, and I have seen that thou hast not
+      said a word to Camilla, whence I conclude that on the former occasions
+      thou hast not spoken to her either, and if this be so, as no doubt it is,
+      why dost thou deceive me, or wherefore seekest thou by craft to deprive me
+      of the means I might find of attaining my desire?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo said no more, but he had said enough to cover Lothario with shame
+      and confusion, and he, feeling as it were his honour touched by having
+      been detected in a lie, swore to Anselmo that he would from that moment
+      devote himself to satisfying him without any deception, as he would see if
+      he had the curiosity to watch; though he need not take the trouble, for
+      the pains he would take to satisfy him would remove all suspicions from
+      his mind. Anselmo believed him, and to afford him an opportunity more free
+      and less liable to surprise, he resolved to absent himself from his house
+      for eight days, betaking himself to that of a friend of his who lived in a
+      village not far from the city; and, the better to account for his
+      departure to Camilla, he so arranged it that the friend should send him a
+      very pressing invitation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Unhappy, shortsighted Anselmo, what art thou doing, what art thou
+      plotting, what art thou devising? Bethink thee thou art working against
+      thyself, plotting thine own dishonour, devising thine own ruin. Thy wife
+      Camilla is virtuous, thou dost possess her in peace and quietness, no one
+      assails thy happiness, her thoughts wander not beyond the walls of thy
+      house, thou art her heaven on earth, the object of her wishes, the
+      fulfilment of her desires, the measure wherewith she measures her will,
+      making it conform in all things to thine and Heaven's. If, then, the mine
+      of her honour, beauty, virtue, and modesty yields thee without labour all
+      the wealth it contains and thou canst wish for, why wilt thou dig the
+      earth in search of fresh veins, of new unknown treasure, risking the
+      collapse of all, since it but rests on the feeble props of her weak
+      nature? Bethink thee that from him who seeks impossibilities that which is
+      possible may with justice be withheld, as was better expressed by a poet
+      who said:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+'Tis mine to seek for life in death,
+   Health in disease seek I,
+I seek in prison freedom's breath,
+   In traitors loyalty.
+So Fate that ever scorns to grant
+   Or grace or boon to me,
+Since what can never be I want,
+   Denies me what might be.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The next day Anselmo took his departure for the village, leaving
+      instructions with Camilla that during his absence Lothario would come to
+      look after his house and to dine with her, and that she was to treat him
+      as she would himself. Camilla was distressed, as a discreet and
+      right-minded woman would be, at the orders her husband left her, and bade
+      him remember that it was not becoming that anyone should occupy his seat
+      at the table during his absence, and if he acted thus from not feeling
+      confidence that she would be able to manage his house, let him try her
+      this time, and he would find by experience that she was equal to greater
+      responsibilities. Anselmo replied that it was his pleasure to have it so,
+      and that she had only to submit and obey. Camilla said she would do so,
+      though against her will.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo went, and the next day Lothario came to his house, where he was
+      received by Camilla with a friendly and modest welcome; but she never
+      suffered Lothario to see her alone, for she was always attended by her men
+      and women servants, especially by a handmaid of hers, Leonela by name, to
+      whom she was much attached (for they had been brought up together from
+      childhood in her father's house), and whom she had kept with her after her
+      marriage with Anselmo. The first three days Lothario did not speak to her,
+      though he might have done so when they removed the cloth and the servants
+      retired to dine hastily; for such were Camilla's orders; nay more, Leonela
+      had directions to dine earlier than Camilla and never to leave her side.
+      She, however, having her thoughts fixed upon other things more to her
+      taste, and wanting that time and opportunity for her own pleasures, did
+      not always obey her mistress's commands, but on the contrary left them
+      alone, as if they had ordered her to do so; but the modest bearing of
+      Camilla, the calmness of her countenance, the composure of her aspect were
+      enough to bridle the tongue of Lothario. But the influence which the many
+      virtues of Camilla exerted in imposing silence on Lothario's tongue proved
+      mischievous for both of them, for if his tongue was silent his thoughts
+      were busy, and could dwell at leisure upon the perfections of Camilla's
+      goodness and beauty one by one, charms enough to warm with love a marble
+      statue, not to say a heart of flesh. Lothario gazed upon her when he might
+      have been speaking to her, and thought how worthy of being loved she was;
+      and thus reflection began little by little to assail his allegiance to
+      Anselmo, and a thousand times he thought of withdrawing from the city and
+      going where Anselmo should never see him nor he see Camilla. But already
+      the delight he found in gazing on her interposed and held him fast. He put
+      a constraint upon himself, and struggled to repel and repress the pleasure
+      he found in contemplating Camilla; when alone he blamed himself for his
+      weakness, called himself a bad friend, nay a bad Christian; then he argued
+      the matter and compared himself with Anselmo; always coming to the
+      conclusion that the folly and rashness of Anselmo had been worse than his
+      faithlessness, and that if he could excuse his intentions as easily before
+      God as with man, he had no reason to fear any punishment for his offence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In short the beauty and goodness of Camilla, joined with the opportunity
+      which the blind husband had placed in his hands, overthrew the loyalty of
+      Lothario; and giving heed to nothing save the object towards which his
+      inclinations led him, after Anselmo had been three days absent, during
+      which he had been carrying on a continual struggle with his passion, he
+      began to make love to Camilla with so much vehemence and warmth of
+      language that she was overwhelmed with amazement, and could only rise from
+      her place and retire to her room without answering him a word. But the
+      hope which always springs up with love was not weakened in Lothario by
+      this repelling demeanour; on the contrary his passion for Camilla
+      increased, and she discovering in him what she had never expected, knew
+      not what to do; and considering it neither safe nor right to give him the
+      chance or opportunity of speaking to her again, she resolved to send, as
+      she did that very night, one of her servants with a letter to Anselmo, in
+      which she addressed the following words to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch34" id="ch34"></a>CHAPTER XXXIV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED CURIOSITY"
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is commonly said that an army looks ill without its general and a
+      castle without its castellan, and I say that a young married woman looks
+      still worse without her husband unless there are very good reasons for it.
+      I find myself so ill at ease without you, and so incapable of enduring
+      this separation, that unless you return quickly I shall have to go for
+      relief to my parents' house, even if I leave yours without a protector;
+      for the one you left me, if indeed he deserved that title, has, I think,
+      more regard to his own pleasure than to what concerns you: as you are
+      possessed of discernment I need say no more to you, nor indeed is it
+      fitting I should say more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo received this letter, and from it he gathered that Lothario had
+      already begun his task and that Camilla must have replied to him as he
+      would have wished; and delighted beyond measure at such intelligence he
+      sent word to her not to leave his house on any account, as he would very
+      shortly return. Camilla was astonished at Anselmo's reply, which placed
+      her in greater perplexity than before, for she neither dared to remain in
+      her own house, nor yet to go to her parents'; for in remaining her virtue
+      was imperilled, and in going she was opposing her husband's commands.
+      Finally she decided upon what was the worse course for her, to remain,
+      resolving not to fly from the presence of Lothario, that she might not
+      give food for gossip to her servants; and she now began to regret having
+      written as she had to her husband, fearing he might imagine that Lothario
+      had perceived in her some lightness which had impelled him to lay aside
+      the respect he owed her; but confident of her rectitude she put her trust
+      in God and in her own virtuous intentions, with which she hoped to resist
+      in silence all the solicitations of Lothario, without saying anything to
+      her husband so as not to involve him in any quarrel or trouble; and she
+      even began to consider how to excuse Lothario to Anselmo when he should
+      ask her what it was that induced her to write that letter. With these
+      resolutions, more honourable than judicious or effectual, she remained the
+      next day listening to Lothario, who pressed his suit so strenuously that
+      Camilla's firmness began to waver, and her virtue had enough to do to come
+      to the rescue of her eyes and keep them from showing signs of a certain
+      tender compassion which the tears and appeals of Lothario had awakened in
+      her bosom. Lothario observed all this, and it inflamed him all the more.
+      In short he felt that while Anselmo's absence afforded time and
+      opportunity he must press the siege of the fortress, and so he assailed
+      her self-esteem with praises of her beauty, for there is nothing that more
+      quickly reduces and levels the castle towers of fair women's vanity than
+      vanity itself upon the tongue of flattery. In fact with the utmost
+      assiduity he undermined the rock of her purity with such engines that had
+      Camilla been of brass she must have fallen. He wept, he entreated, he
+      promised, he flattered, he importuned, he pretended with so much feeling
+      and apparent sincerity, that he overthrew the virtuous resolves of Camilla
+      and won the triumph he least expected and most longed for. Camilla
+      yielded, Camilla fell; but what wonder if the friendship of Lothario could
+      not stand firm? A clear proof to us that the passion of love is to be
+      conquered only by flying from it, and that no one should engage in a
+      struggle with an enemy so mighty; for divine strength is needed to
+      overcome his human power. Leonela alone knew of her mistress's weakness,
+      for the two false friends and new lovers were unable to conceal it.
+      Lothario did not care to tell Camilla the object Anselmo had in view, nor
+      that he had afforded him the opportunity of attaining such a result, lest
+      she should undervalue his love and think that it was by chance and without
+      intending it and not of his own accord that he had made love to her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A few days later Anselmo returned to his house and did not perceive what
+      it had lost, that which he so lightly treated and so highly prized. He
+      went at once to see Lothario, and found him at home; they embraced each
+      other, and Anselmo asked for the tidings of his life or his death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The tidings I have to give thee, Anselmo my friend," said Lothario, "are
+      that thou dost possess a wife that is worthy to be the pattern and crown
+      of all good wives. The words that I have addressed to her were borne away
+      on the wind, my promises have been despised, my presents have been
+      refused, such feigned tears as I shed have been turned into open ridicule.
+      In short, as Camilla is the essence of all beauty, so is she the
+      treasure-house where purity dwells, and gentleness and modesty abide with
+      all the virtues that can confer praise, honour, and happiness upon a
+      woman. Take back thy money, my friend; here it is, and I have had no need
+      to touch it, for the chastity of Camilla yields not to things so base as
+      gifts or promises. Be content, Anselmo, and refrain from making further
+      proof; and as thou hast passed dryshod through the sea of those doubts and
+      suspicions that are and may be entertained of women, seek not to plunge
+      again into the deep ocean of new embarrassments, or with another pilot
+      make trial of the goodness and strength of the bark that Heaven has
+      granted thee for thy passage across the sea of this world; but reckon
+      thyself now safe in port, moor thyself with the anchor of sound
+      reflection, and rest in peace until thou art called upon to pay that debt
+      which no nobility on earth can escape paying."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo was completely satisfied by the words of Lothario, and believed
+      them as fully as if they had been spoken by an oracle; nevertheless he
+      begged of him not to relinquish the undertaking, were it but for the sake
+      of curiosity and amusement; though thenceforward he need not make use of
+      the same earnest endeavours as before; all he wished him to do was to
+      write some verses to her, praising her under the name of Chloris, for he
+      himself would give her to understand that he was in love with a lady to
+      whom he had given that name to enable him to sing her praises with the
+      decorum due to her modesty; and if Lothario were unwilling to take the
+      trouble of writing the verses he would compose them himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That will not be necessary," said Lothario, "for the muses are not such
+      enemies of mine but that they visit me now and then in the course of the
+      year. Do thou tell Camilla what thou hast proposed about a pretended amour
+      of mine; as for the verses I will make them, and if not as good as the
+      subject deserves, they shall be at least the best I can produce." An
+      agreement to this effect was made between the friends, the ill-advised one
+      and the treacherous, and Anselmo returning to his house asked Camilla the
+      question she already wondered he had not asked before&mdash;what it was
+      that had caused her to write the letter she had sent him. Camilla replied
+      that it had seemed to her that Lothario looked at her somewhat more freely
+      than when he had been at home; but that now she was undeceived and
+      believed it to have been only her own imagination, for Lothario now
+      avoided seeing her, or being alone with her. Anselmo told her she might be
+      quite easy on the score of that suspicion, for he knew that Lothario was
+      in love with a damsel of rank in the city whom he celebrated under the
+      name of Chloris, and that even if he were not, his fidelity and their
+      great friendship left no room for fear. Had not Camilla, however, been
+      informed beforehand by Lothario that this love for Chloris was a pretence,
+      and that he himself had told Anselmo of it in order to be able sometimes
+      to give utterance to the praises of Camilla herself, no doubt she would
+      have fallen into the despairing toils of jealousy; but being forewarned
+      she received the startling news without uneasiness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next day as the three were at table Anselmo asked Lothario to recite
+      something of what he had composed for his mistress Chloris; for as Camilla
+      did not know her, he might safely say what he liked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Even did she know her," returned Lothario, "I would hide nothing, for
+      when a lover praises his lady's beauty, and charges her with cruelty, he
+      casts no imputation upon her fair name; at any rate, all I can say is that
+      yesterday I made a sonnet on the ingratitude of this Chloris, which goes
+      thus:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+At midnight, in the silence, when the eyes
+  Of happier mortals balmy slumbers close,
+  The weary tale of my unnumbered woes
+To Chloris and to Heaven is wont to rise.
+And when the light of day returning dyes
+  The portals of the east with tints of rose,
+  With undiminished force my sorrow flows
+In broken accents and in burning sighs.
+And when the sun ascends his star-girt throne,
+  And on the earth pours down his midday beams,
+  Noon but renews my wailing and my tears;
+And with the night again goes up my moan.
+  Yet ever in my agony it seems
+  To me that neither Heaven nor Chloris hears."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The sonnet pleased Camilla, and still more Anselmo, for he praised it and
+      said the lady was excessively cruel who made no return for sincerity so
+      manifest. On which Camilla said, "Then all that love-smitten poets say is
+      true?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As poets they do not tell the truth," replied Lothario; "but as lovers
+      they are not more defective in expression than they are truthful."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no doubt of that," observed Anselmo, anxious to support and
+      uphold Lothario's ideas with Camilla, who was as regardless of his design
+      as she was deep in love with Lothario; and so taking delight in anything
+      that was his, and knowing that his thoughts and writings had her for their
+      object, and that she herself was the real Chloris, she asked him to repeat
+      some other sonnet or verses if he recollected any.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do," replied Lothario, "but I do not think it as good as the first one,
+      or, more correctly speaking, less bad; but you can easily judge, for it is
+      this.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+I know that I am doomed; death is to me
+  As certain as that thou, ungrateful fair,
+  Dead at thy feet shouldst see me lying, ere
+My heart repented of its love for thee.
+If buried in oblivion I should be,
+  Bereft of life, fame, favour, even there
+  It would be found that I thy image bear
+Deep graven in my breast for all to see.
+This like some holy relic do I prize
+  To save me from the fate my truth entails,
+    Truth that to thy hard heart its vigour owes.
+Alas for him that under lowering skies,
+  In peril o'er a trackless ocean sails,
+    Where neither friendly port nor pole-star shows."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo praised this second sonnet too, as he had praised the first; and
+      so he went on adding link after link to the chain with which he was
+      binding himself and making his dishonour secure; for when Lothario was
+      doing most to dishonour him he told him he was most honoured; and thus
+      each step that Camilla descended towards the depths of her abasement, she
+      mounted, in his opinion, towards the summit of virtue and fair fame.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It so happened that finding herself on one occasion alone with her maid,
+      Camilla said to her, "I am ashamed to think, my dear Leonela, how lightly
+      I have valued myself that I did not compel Lothario to purchase by at
+      least some expenditure of time that full possession of me that I so
+      quickly yielded him of my own free will. I fear that he will think ill of
+      my pliancy or lightness, not considering the irresistible influence he
+      brought to bear upon me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let not that trouble you, my lady," said Leonela, "for it does not take
+      away the value of the thing given or make it the less precious to give it
+      quickly if it be really valuable and worthy of being prized; nay, they are
+      wont to say that he who gives quickly gives twice."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They say also," said Camilla, "that what costs little is valued less."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That saying does not hold good in your case," replied Leonela, "for love,
+      as I have heard say, sometimes flies and sometimes walks; with this one it
+      runs, with that it moves slowly; some it cools, others it burns; some it
+      wounds, others it slays; it begins the course of its desires, and at the
+      same moment completes and ends it; in the morning it will lay siege to a
+      fortress and by night will have taken it, for there is no power that can
+      resist it; so what are you in dread of, what do you fear, when the same
+      must have befallen Lothario, love having chosen the absence of my lord as
+      the instrument for subduing you? and it was absolutely necessary to
+      complete then what love had resolved upon, without affording the time to
+      let Anselmo return and by his presence compel the work to be left
+      unfinished; for love has no better agent for carrying out his designs than
+      opportunity; and of opportunity he avails himself in all his feats,
+      especially at the outset. All this I know well myself, more by experience
+      than by hearsay, and some day, senora, I will enlighten you on the
+      subject, for I am of your flesh and blood too. Moreover, lady Camilla, you
+      did not surrender yourself or yield so quickly but that first you saw
+      Lothario's whole soul in his eyes, in his sighs, in his words, his
+      promises and his gifts, and by it and his good qualities perceived how
+      worthy he was of your love. This, then, being the case, let not these
+      scrupulous and prudish ideas trouble your imagination, but be assured that
+      Lothario prizes you as you do him, and rest content and satisfied that as
+      you are caught in the noose of love it is one of worth and merit that has
+      taken you, and one that has not only the four S's that they say true
+      lovers ought to have, but a complete alphabet; only listen to me and you
+      will see how I can repeat it by rote. He is to my eyes and thinking,
+      Amiable, Brave, Courteous, Distinguished, Elegant, Fond, Gay, Honourable,
+      Illustrious, Loyal, Manly, Noble, Open, Polite, Quickwitted, Rich, and the
+      S's according to the saying, and then Tender, Veracious: X does not suit
+      him, for it is a rough letter; Y has been given already; and Z Zealous for
+      your honour."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Camilla laughed at her maid's alphabet, and perceived her to be more
+      experienced in love affairs than she said, which she admitted, confessing
+      to Camilla that she had love passages with a young man of good birth of
+      the same city. Camilla was uneasy at this, dreading lest it might prove
+      the means of endangering her honour, and asked whether her intrigue had
+      gone beyond words, and she with little shame and much effrontery said it
+      had; for certain it is that ladies' imprudences make servants shameless,
+      who, when they see their mistresses make a false step, think nothing of
+      going astray themselves, or of its being known. All that Camilla could do
+      was to entreat Leonela to say nothing about her doings to him whom she
+      called her lover, and to conduct her own affairs secretly lest they should
+      come to the knowledge of Anselmo or of Lothario. Leonela said she would,
+      but kept her word in such a way that she confirmed Camilla's apprehension
+      of losing her reputation through her means; for this abandoned and bold
+      Leonela, as soon as she perceived that her mistress's demeanour was not
+      what it was wont to be, had the audacity to introduce her lover into the
+      house, confident that even if her mistress saw him she would not dare to
+      expose him; for the sins of mistresses entail this mischief among others;
+      they make themselves the slaves of their own servants, and are obliged to
+      hide their laxities and depravities; as was the case with Camilla, who
+      though she perceived, not once but many times, that Leonela was with her
+      lover in some room of the house, not only did not dare to chide her, but
+      afforded her opportunities for concealing him and removed all
+      difficulties, lest he should be seen by her husband. She was unable,
+      however, to prevent him from being seen on one occasion, as he sallied
+      forth at daybreak, by Lothario, who, not knowing who he was, at first took
+      him for a spectre; but, as soon as he saw him hasten away, muffling his
+      face with his cloak and concealing himself carefully and cautiously, he
+      rejected this foolish idea, and adopted another, which would have been the
+      ruin of all had not Camilla found a remedy. It did not occur to Lothario
+      that this man he had seen issuing at such an untimely hour from Anselmo's
+      house could have entered it on Leonela's account, nor did he even remember
+      there was such a person as Leonela; all he thought was that as Camilla had
+      been light and yielding with him, so she had been with another; for this
+      further penalty the erring woman's sin brings with it, that her honour is
+      distrusted even by him to whose overtures and persuasions she has yielded;
+      and he believes her to have surrendered more easily to others, and gives
+      implicit credence to every suspicion that comes into his mind. All
+      Lothario's good sense seems to have failed him at this juncture; all his
+      prudent maxims escaped his memory; for without once reflecting rationally,
+      and without more ado, in his impatience and in the blindness of the
+      jealous rage that gnawed his heart, and dying to revenge himself upon
+      Camilla, who had done him no wrong, before Anselmo had risen he hastened
+      to him and said to him, "Know, Anselmo, that for several days past I have
+      been struggling with myself, striving to withhold from thee what it is no
+      longer possible or right that I should conceal from thee. Know that
+      Camilla's fortress has surrendered and is ready to submit to my will; and
+      if I have been slow to reveal this fact to thee, it was in order to see if
+      it were some light caprice of hers, or if she sought to try me and
+      ascertain if the love I began to make to her with thy permission was made
+      with a serious intention. I thought, too, that she, if she were what she
+      ought to be, and what we both believed her, would have ere this given thee
+      information of my addresses; but seeing that she delays, I believe the
+      truth of the promise she has given me that the next time thou art absent
+      from the house she will grant me an interview in the closet where thy
+      jewels are kept (and it was true that Camilla used to meet him there); but
+      I do not wish thee to rush precipitately to take vengeance, for the sin is
+      as yet only committed in intention, and Camilla's may change perhaps
+      between this and the appointed time, and repentance spring up in its
+      place. As hitherto thou hast always followed my advice wholly or in part,
+      follow and observe this that I will give thee now, so that, without
+      mistake, and with mature deliberation, thou mayest satisfy thyself as to
+      what may seem the best course; pretend to absent thyself for two or three
+      days as thou hast been wont to do on other occasions, and contrive to hide
+      thyself in the closet; for the tapestries and other things there afford
+      great facilities for thy concealment, and then thou wilt see with thine
+      own eyes and I with mine what Camilla's purpose may be. And if it be a
+      guilty one, which may be feared rather than expected, with silence,
+      prudence, and discretion thou canst thyself become the instrument of
+      punishment for the wrong done thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo was amazed, overwhelmed, and astounded at the words of Lothario,
+      which came upon him at a time when he least expected to hear them, for he
+      now looked upon Camilla as having triumphed over the pretended attacks of
+      Lothario, and was beginning to enjoy the glory of her victory. He remained
+      silent for a considerable time, looking on the ground with fixed gaze, and
+      at length said, "Thou hast behaved, Lothario, as I expected of thy
+      friendship: I will follow thy advice in everything; do as thou wilt, and
+      keep this secret as thou seest it should be kept in circumstances so
+      unlooked for."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario gave him his word, but after leaving him he repented altogether
+      of what he had said to him, perceiving how foolishly he had acted, as he
+      might have revenged himself upon Camilla in some less cruel and degrading
+      way. He cursed his want of sense, condemned his hasty resolution, and knew
+      not what course to take to undo the mischief or find some ready escape
+      from it. At last he decided upon revealing all to Camilla, and, as there
+      was no want of opportunity for doing so, he found her alone the same day;
+      but she, as soon as she had the chance of speaking to him, said, "Lothario
+      my friend, I must tell thee I have a sorrow in my heart which fills it so
+      that it seems ready to burst; and it will be a wonder if it does not; for
+      the audacity of Leonela has now reached such a pitch that every night she
+      conceals a gallant of hers in this house and remains with him till
+      morning, at the expense of my reputation; inasmuch as it is open to anyone
+      to question it who may see him quitting my house at such unseasonable
+      hours; but what distresses me is that I cannot punish or chide her, for
+      her privity to our intrigue bridles my mouth and keeps me silent about
+      hers, while I am dreading that some catastrophe will come of it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As Camilla said this Lothario at first imagined it was some device to
+      delude him into the idea that the man he had seen going out was Leonela's
+      lover and not hers; but when he saw how she wept and suffered, and begged
+      him to help her, he became convinced of the truth, and the conviction
+      completed his confusion and remorse; however, he told Camilla not to
+      distress herself, as he would take measures to put a stop to the insolence
+      of Leonela. At the same time he told her what, driven by the fierce rage
+      of jealousy, he had said to Anselmo, and how he had arranged to hide
+      himself in the closet that he might there see plainly how little she
+      preserved her fidelity to him; and he entreated her pardon for this
+      madness, and her advice as to how to repair it, and escape safely from the
+      intricate labyrinth in which his imprudence had involved him. Camilla was
+      struck with alarm at hearing what Lothario said, and with much anger, and
+      great good sense, she reproved him and rebuked his base design and the
+      foolish and mischievous resolution he had made; but as woman has by nature
+      a nimbler wit than man for good and for evil, though it is apt to fail
+      when she sets herself deliberately to reason, Camilla on the spur of the
+      moment thought of a way to remedy what was to all appearance irremediable,
+      and told Lothario to contrive that the next day Anselmo should conceal
+      himself in the place he mentioned, for she hoped from his concealment to
+      obtain the means of their enjoying themselves for the future without any
+      apprehension; and without revealing her purpose to him entirely she
+      charged him to be careful, as soon as Anselmo was concealed, to come to
+      her when Leonela should call him, and to all she said to him to answer as
+      he would have answered had he not known that Anselmo was listening.
+      Lothario pressed her to explain her intention fully, so that he might with
+      more certainty and precaution take care to do what he saw to be needful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I tell you," said Camilla, "there is nothing to take care of except to
+      answer me what I shall ask you;" for she did not wish to explain to him
+      beforehand what she meant to do, fearing lest he should be unwilling to
+      follow out an idea which seemed to her such a good one, and should try or
+      devise some other less practicable plan.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario then retired, and the next day Anselmo, under pretence of going
+      to his friend's country house, took his departure, and then returned to
+      conceal himself, which he was able to do easily, as Camilla and Leonela
+      took care to give him the opportunity; and so he placed himself in hiding
+      in the state of agitation that it may be imagined he would feel who
+      expected to see the vitals of his honour laid bare before his eyes, and
+      found himself on the point of losing the supreme blessing he thought he
+      possessed in his beloved Camilla. Having made sure of Anselmo's being in
+      his hiding-place, Camilla and Leonela entered the closet, and the instant
+      she set foot within it Camilla said, with a deep sigh, "Ah! dear Leonela,
+      would it not be better, before I do what I am unwilling you should know
+      lest you should seek to prevent it, that you should take Anselmo's dagger
+      that I have asked of you and with it pierce this vile heart of mine? But
+      no; there is no reason why I should suffer the punishment of another's
+      fault. I will first know what it is that the bold licentious eyes of
+      Lothario have seen in me that could have encouraged him to reveal to me a
+      design so base as that which he has disclosed regardless of his friend and
+      of my honour. Go to the window, Leonela, and call him, for no doubt he is
+      in the street waiting to carry out his vile project; but mine, cruel it
+      may be, but honourable, shall be carried out first."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, senora," said the crafty Leonela, who knew her part, "what is it you
+      want to do with this dagger? Can it be that you mean to take your own
+      life, or Lothario's? for whichever you mean to do, it will lead to the
+      loss of your reputation and good name. It is better to dissemble your
+      wrong and not give this wicked man the chance of entering the house now
+      and finding us alone; consider, senora, we are weak women and he is a man,
+      and determined, and as he comes with such a base purpose, blind and urged
+      by passion, perhaps before you can put yours into execution he may do what
+      will be worse for you than taking your life. Ill betide my master,
+      Anselmo, for giving such authority in his house to this shameless fellow!
+      And supposing you kill him, senora, as I suspect you mean to do, what
+      shall we do with him when he is dead?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What, my friend?" replied Camilla, "we shall leave him for Anselmo to
+      bury him; for in reason it will be to him a light labour to hide his own
+      infamy under ground. Summon him, make haste, for all the time I delay in
+      taking vengeance for my wrong seems to me an offence against the loyalty I
+      owe my husband."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo was listening to all this, and every word that Camilla uttered
+      made him change his mind; but when he heard that it was resolved to kill
+      Lothario his first impulse was to come out and show himself to avert such
+      a disaster; but in his anxiety to see the issue of a resolution so bold
+      and virtuous he restrained himself, intending to come forth in time to
+      prevent the deed. At this moment Camilla, throwing herself upon a bed that
+      was close by, swooned away, and Leonela began to weep bitterly,
+      exclaiming, "Woe is me! that I should be fated to have dying here in my
+      arms the flower of virtue upon earth, the crown of true wives, the pattern
+      of chastity!" with more to the same effect, so that anyone who heard her
+      would have taken her for the most tender-hearted and faithful handmaid in
+      the world, and her mistress for another persecuted Penelope.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Camilla was not long in recovering from her fainting fit and on coming to
+      herself she said, "Why do you not go, Leonela, to call hither that friend,
+      the falsest to his friend the sun ever shone upon or night concealed?
+      Away, run, haste, speed! lest the fire of my wrath burn itself out with
+      delay, and the righteous vengeance that I hope for melt away in menaces
+      and maledictions."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am just going to call him, senora," said Leonela; "but you must first
+      give me that dagger, lest while I am gone you should by means of it give
+      cause to all who love you to weep all their lives."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Go in peace, dear Leonela, I will not do so," said Camilla, "for rash and
+      foolish as I may be, to your mind, in defending my honour, I am not going
+      to be so much so as that Lucretia who they say killed herself without
+      having done anything wrong, and without having first killed him on whom
+      the guilt of her misfortune lay. I shall die, if I am to die; but it must
+      be after full vengeance upon him who has brought me here to weep over
+      audacity that no fault of mine gave birth to."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leonela required much pressing before she would go to summon Lothario, but
+      at last she went, and while awaiting her return Camilla continued, as if
+      speaking to herself, "Good God! would it not have been more prudent to
+      have repulsed Lothario, as I have done many a time before, than to allow
+      him, as I am now doing, to think me unchaste and vile, even for the short
+      time I must wait until I undeceive him? No doubt it would have been
+      better; but I should not be avenged, nor the honour of my husband
+      vindicated, should he find so clear and easy an escape from the strait
+      into which his depravity has led him. Let the traitor pay with his life
+      for the temerity of his wanton wishes, and let the world know (if haply it
+      shall ever come to know) that Camilla not only preserved her allegiance to
+      her husband, but avenged him of the man who dared to wrong him. Still, I
+      think it might be better to disclose this to Anselmo. But then I have
+      called his attention to it in the letter I wrote to him in the country,
+      and, if he did nothing to prevent the mischief I there pointed out to him,
+      I suppose it was that from pure goodness of heart and trustfulness he
+      would not and could not believe that any thought against his honour could
+      harbour in the breast of so stanch a friend; nor indeed did I myself
+      believe it for many days, nor should I have ever believed it if his
+      insolence had not gone so far as to make it manifest by open presents,
+      lavish promises, and ceaseless tears. But why do I argue thus? Does a bold
+      determination stand in need of arguments? Surely not. Then traitors
+      avaunt! Vengeance to my aid! Let the false one come, approach, advance,
+      die, yield up his life, and then befall what may. Pure I came to him whom
+      Heaven bestowed upon me, pure I shall leave him; and at the worst bathed
+      in my own chaste blood and in the foul blood of the falsest friend that
+      friendship ever saw in the world;" and as she uttered these words she
+      paced the room holding the unsheathed dagger, with such irregular and
+      disordered steps, and such gestures that one would have supposed her to
+      have lost her senses, and taken her for some violent desperado instead of
+      a delicate woman.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo, hidden behind some tapestries where he had concealed himself,
+      beheld and was amazed at all, and already felt that what he had seen and
+      heard was a sufficient answer to even greater suspicions; and he would
+      have been now well pleased if the proof afforded by Lothario's coming were
+      dispensed with, as he feared some sudden mishap; but as he was on the
+      point of showing himself and coming forth to embrace and undeceive his
+      wife he paused as he saw Leonela returning, leading Lothario. Camilla when
+      she saw him, drawing a long line in front of her on the floor with the
+      dagger, said to him, "Lothario, pay attention to what I say to thee: if by
+      any chance thou darest to cross this line thou seest, or even approach it,
+      the instant I see thee attempt it that same instant will I pierce my bosom
+      with this dagger that I hold in my hand; and before thou answerest me a
+      word desire thee to listen to a few from me, and afterwards thou shalt
+      reply as may please thee. First, I desire thee to tell me, Lothario, if
+      thou knowest my husband Anselmo, and in what light thou regardest him; and
+      secondly I desire to know if thou knowest me too. Answer me this, without
+      embarrassment or reflecting deeply what thou wilt answer, for they are no
+      riddles I put to thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lothario was not so dull but that from the first moment when Camilla
+      directed him to make Anselmo hide himself he understood what she intended
+      to do, and therefore he fell in with her idea so readily and promptly that
+      between them they made the imposture look more true than truth; so he
+      answered her thus: "I did not think, fair Camilla, that thou wert calling
+      me to ask questions so remote from the object with which I come; but if it
+      is to defer the promised reward thou art doing so, thou mightst have put
+      it off still longer, for the longing for happiness gives the more distress
+      the nearer comes the hope of gaining it; but lest thou shouldst say that I
+      do not answer thy questions, I say that I know thy husband Anselmo, and
+      that we have known each other from our earliest years; I will not speak of
+      what thou too knowest, of our friendship, that I may not compel myself to
+      testify against the wrong that love, the mighty excuse for greater errors,
+      makes me inflict upon him. Thee I know and hold in the same estimation as
+      he does, for were it not so I had not for a lesser prize acted in
+      opposition to what I owe to my station and the holy laws of true
+      friendship, now broken and violated by me through that powerful enemy,
+      love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If thou dost confess that," returned Camilla, "mortal enemy of all that
+      rightly deserves to be loved, with what face dost thou dare to come before
+      one whom thou knowest to be the mirror wherein he is reflected on whom
+      thou shouldst look to see how unworthily thou wrongest him? But, woe is me, I now
+      comprehend what has made thee give so little heed to what thou owest to
+      thyself; it must have been some freedom of mine, for I will not call it
+      immodesty, as it did not proceed from any deliberate intention, but from
+      some heedlessness such as women are guilty of through inadvertence when
+      they think they have no occasion for reserve. But tell me, traitor, when
+      did I by word or sign give a reply to thy prayers that could awaken in
+      thee a shadow of hope of attaining thy base wishes? When were not thy
+      professions of love sternly and scornfully rejected and rebuked? When were
+      thy frequent pledges and still more frequent gifts believed or accepted?
+      But as I am persuaded that no one can long persevere in the attempt to win
+      love unsustained by some hope, I am willing to attribute to myself the
+      blame of thy assurance, for no doubt some thoughtlessness of mine has all
+      this time fostered thy hopes; and therefore will I punish myself and
+      inflict upon myself the penalty thy guilt deserves. And that thou mayest
+      see that being so relentless to myself I cannot possibly be otherwise to
+      thee, I have summoned thee to be a witness of the sacrifice I mean to
+      offer to the injured honour of my honoured husband, wronged by thee with
+      all the assiduity thou wert capable of, and by me too through want of
+      caution in avoiding every occasion, if I have given any, of encouraging
+      and sanctioning thy base designs. Once more I say the suspicion in my mind
+      that some imprudence of mine has engendered these lawless thoughts in
+      thee, is what causes me most distress and what I desire most to punish
+      with my own hands, for were any other instrument of punishment employed my
+      error might become perhaps more widely known; but before I do so, in my
+      death I mean to inflict death, and take with me one that will fully
+      satisfy my longing for the revenge I hope for and have; for I shall see,
+      wheresoever it may be that I go, the penalty awarded by inflexible,
+      unswerving justice on him who has placed me in a position so desperate."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As she uttered these words, with incredible energy and swiftness she flew
+      upon Lothario with the naked dagger, so manifestly bent on burying it in
+      his breast that he was almost uncertain whether these demonstrations were
+      real or feigned, for he was obliged to have recourse to all his skill and
+      strength to prevent her from striking him; and with such reality did she
+      act this strange farce and mystification that, to give it a colour of
+      truth, she determined to stain it with her own blood; for perceiving, or
+      pretending, that she could not wound Lothario, she said, "Fate, it seems,
+      will not grant my just desire complete satisfaction, but it will not be
+      able to keep me from satisfying it partially at least;" and making an
+      effort to free the hand with the dagger which Lothario held in his grasp,
+      she released it, and directing the point to a place where it could not
+      inflict a deep wound, she plunged it into her left side high up close to
+      the shoulder, and then allowed herself to fall to the ground as if in a
+      faint.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leonela and Lothario stood amazed and astounded at the catastrophe, and
+      seeing Camilla stretched on the ground and bathed in her blood they were
+      still uncertain as to the true nature of the act. Lothario, terrified and
+      breathless, ran in haste to pluck out the dagger; but when he saw how
+      slight the wound was he was relieved of his fears and once more admired
+      the subtlety, coolness, and ready wit of the fair Camilla; and the better
+      to support the part he had to play he began to utter profuse and doleful
+      lamentations over her body as if she were dead, invoking maledictions not
+      only on himself but also on him who had been the means of placing him in
+      such a position: and knowing that his friend Anselmo heard him he spoke in
+      such a way as to make a listener feel much more pity for him than for
+      Camilla, even though he supposed her dead. Leonela took her up in her arms
+      and laid her on the bed, entreating Lothario to go in quest of some one to
+      attend to her wound in secret, and at the same time asking his advice and
+      opinion as to what they should say to Anselmo about his lady's wound if he
+      should chance to return before it was healed. He replied they might say
+      what they liked, for he was not in a state to give advice that would be of
+      any use; all he could tell her was to try and stanch the blood, as he was
+      going where he should never more be seen; and with every appearance of
+      deep grief and sorrow he left the house; but when he found himself alone,
+      and where there was nobody to see him, he crossed himself unceasingly,
+      lost in wonder at the adroitness of Camilla and the consistent acting of
+      Leonela. He reflected how convinced Anselmo would be that he had a second
+      Portia for a wife, and he looked forward anxiously to meeting him in order
+      to rejoice together over falsehood and truth the most craftily veiled that
+      could be imagined.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leonela, as he told her, stanched her lady's blood, which was no more than
+      sufficed to support her deception; and washing the wound with a little
+      wine she bound it up to the best of her skill, talking all the time she
+      was tending her in a strain that, even if nothing else had been said
+      before, would have been enough to assure Anselmo that he had in Camilla a
+      model of purity. To Leonela's words Camilla added her own, calling herself
+      cowardly and wanting in spirit, since she had not enough at the time she
+      had most need of it to rid herself of the life she so much loathed. She
+      asked her attendant's advice as to whether or not she ought to inform her
+      beloved husband of all that had happened, but the other bade her say
+      nothing about it, as she would lay upon him the obligation of taking
+      vengeance on Lothario, which he could not do but at great risk to himself;
+      and it was the duty of a true wife not to give her husband provocation to
+      quarrel, but, on the contrary, to remove it as far as possible from him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Camilla replied that she believed she was right and that she would follow
+      her advice, but at any rate it would be well to consider how she was to
+      explain the wound to Anselmo, for he could not help seeing it; to which
+      Leonela answered that she did not know how to tell a lie even in jest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How then can I know, my dear?" said Camilla, "for I should not dare to
+      forge or keep up a falsehood if my life depended on it. If we can think of
+      no escape from this difficulty, it will be better to tell him the plain
+      truth than that he should find us out in an untrue story."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Be not uneasy, senora," said Leonela; "between this and to-morrow I will
+      think of what we must say to him, and perhaps the wound being where it is
+      it can be hidden from his sight, and Heaven will be pleased to aid us in a
+      purpose so good and honourable. Compose yourself, senora, and endeavour to
+      calm your excitement lest my lord find you agitated; and leave the rest to
+      my care and God's, who always supports good intentions."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo had with the deepest attention listened to and seen played out the
+      tragedy of the death of his honour, which the performers acted with such
+      wonderfully effective truth that it seemed as if they had become the
+      realities of the parts they played. He longed for night and an opportunity
+      of escaping from the house to go and see his good friend Lothario, and
+      with him give vent to his joy over the precious pearl he had gained in
+      having established his wife's purity. Both mistress and maid took care to
+      give him time and opportunity to get away, and taking advantage of it he
+      made his escape, and at once went in quest of Lothario, and it would be
+      impossible to describe how he embraced him when he found him, and the
+      things he said to him in the joy of his heart, and the praises he bestowed
+      upon Camilla; all which Lothario listened to without being able to show
+      any pleasure, for he could not forget how deceived his friend was, and how
+      dishonourably he had wronged him; and though Anselmo could see that
+      Lothario was not glad, still he imagined it was only because he had left
+      Camilla wounded and had been himself the cause of it; and so among other
+      things he told him not to be distressed about Camilla's accident, for, as
+      they had agreed to hide it from him, the wound was evidently trifling; and
+      that being so, he had no cause for fear, but should henceforward be of
+      good cheer and rejoice with him, seeing that by his means and adroitness
+      he found himself raised to the greatest height of happiness that he could
+      have ventured to hope for, and desired no better pastime than making
+      verses in praise of Camilla that would preserve her name for all time to
+      come. Lothario commended his purpose, and promised on his own part to aid
+      him in raising a monument so glorious.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so Anselmo was left the most charmingly hoodwinked man there could be
+      in the world. He himself, persuaded he was conducting the instrument of
+      his glory, led home by the hand of him who had been the utter destruction of
+      his good name; whom Camilla received with averted countenance, though with
+      smiles in her heart. The deception was carried on for some time, until at
+      the end of a few months Fortune turned her wheel and the guilt which had
+      been until then so skilfully concealed was published abroad, and Anselmo
+      paid with his life the penalty of his ill-advised curiosity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch35" id="ch35"></a>CHAPTER XXXV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE HEROIC AND PRODIGIOUS BATTLE DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH
+      CERTAIN SKINS OF RED WINE, AND BRINGS THE NOVEL OF "THE ILL-ADVISED
+      CURIOSITY" TO A CLOSE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There remained but little more of the novel to be read, when Sancho Panza
+      burst forth in wild excitement from the garret where Don Quixote was
+      lying, shouting, "Run, sirs! quick; and help my master, who is in the
+      thick of the toughest and stiffest battle I ever laid eyes on. By the
+      living God he has given the giant, the enemy of my lady the Princess
+      Micomicona, such a slash that he has sliced his head clean off as if it
+      were a turnip."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What are you talking about, brother?" said the curate, pausing as he was
+      about to read the remainder of the novel. "Are you in your senses, Sancho?
+      How the devil can it be as you say, when the giant is two thousand leagues
+      away?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here they heard a loud noise in the chamber, and Don Quixote shouting out,
+      "Stand, thief, brigand, villain; now I have got thee, and thy scimitar
+      shall not avail thee!" And then it seemed as though he were slashing
+      vigorously at the wall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Don't stop to listen," said Sancho, "but go in and part them or help my
+      master: though there is no need of that now, for no doubt the giant is
+      dead by this time and giving account to God of his past wicked life; for I
+      saw the blood flowing on the ground, and the head cut off and fallen on
+      one side, and it is as big as a large wine-skin."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May I die," said the landlord at this, "if Don Quixote or Don Devil has
+      not been slashing some of the skins of red wine that stand full at his
+      bed's head, and the spilt wine must be what this good fellow takes for
+      blood;" and so saying he went into the room and the rest after him, and
+      there they found Don Quixote in the strangest costume in the world. He was
+      in his shirt, which was not long enough in front to cover his thighs
+      completely and was six fingers shorter behind; his legs were very long and
+      lean, covered with hair, and anything but clean; on his head he had a
+      little greasy red cap that belonged to the host, round his left arm he had
+      rolled the blanket of the bed, to which Sancho, for reasons best known to
+      himself, owed a grudge, and in his right hand he held his unsheathed
+      sword, with which he was slashing about on all sides, uttering
+      exclamations as if he were actually fighting some giant: and the best of
+      it was his eyes were not open, for he was fast asleep, and dreaming that
+      he was doing battle with the giant. For his imagination was so wrought
+      upon by the adventure he was going to accomplish, that it made him dream
+      he had already reached the kingdom of Micomicon, and was engaged in combat
+      with his enemy; and believing he was laying on the giant, he had given so
+      many sword cuts to the skins that the whole room was full of wine. On
+      seeing this the landlord was so enraged that he fell on Don Quixote, and
+      with his clenched fist began to pummel him in such a way, that if Cardenio
+      and the curate had not dragged him off, he would have brought the war of
+      the giant to an end. But in spite of all the poor gentleman never woke
+      until the barber brought a great pot of cold water from the well and flung
+      it with one dash all over his body, on which Don Quixote woke up, but not
+      so completely as to understand what was the matter. Dorothea, seeing how
+      short and slight his attire was, would not go in to witness the battle
+      between her champion and her opponent. As for Sancho, he went searching
+      all over the floor for the head of the giant, and not finding it he said,
+      "I see now that it's all enchantment in this house; for the last time, on
+      this very spot where I am now, I got ever so many thumps without knowing
+      who gave them to me, or being able to see anybody; and now this head is
+      not to be seen anywhere about, though I saw it cut off with my own eyes
+      and the blood running from the body as if from a fountain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What blood and fountains are you talking about, enemy of God and his
+      saints?" said the landlord. "Don't you see, you thief, that the blood and
+      the fountain are only these skins here that have been stabbed and the red
+      wine swimming all over the room?&mdash;and I wish I saw the soul of him
+      that stabbed them swimming in hell."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I know nothing about that," said Sancho; "all I know is it will be my bad
+      luck that through not finding this head my county will melt away like salt
+      in water;"&mdash;for Sancho awake was worse than his master asleep, so
+      much had his master's promises addled his wits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The landlord was beside himself at the coolness of the squire and the
+      mischievous doings of the master, and swore it should not be like the last
+      time when they went without paying; and that their privileges of chivalry
+      should not hold good this time to let one or other of them off without
+      paying, even to the cost of the plugs that would have to be put to the
+      damaged wine-skins. The curate was holding Don Quixote's hands, who,
+      fancying he had now ended the adventure and was in the presence of the
+      Princess Micomicona, knelt before the curate and said, "Exalted and
+      beauteous lady, your highness may live from this day forth fearless of any
+      harm this base being could do you; and I too from this day forth am
+      released from the promise I gave you, since by the help of God on high and
+      by the favour of her by whom I live and breathe, I have fulfilled it so
+      successfully."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did not I say so?" said Sancho on hearing this. "You see I wasn't drunk;
+      there you see my master has already salted the giant; there's no doubt
+      about the bulls; my county is all right!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Who could have helped laughing at the absurdities of the pair, master and
+      man? And laugh they did, all except the landlord, who cursed himself; but
+      at length the barber, Cardenio, and the curate contrived with no small
+      trouble to get Don Quixote on the bed, and he fell asleep with every
+      appearance of excessive weariness. They left him to sleep, and came out to
+      the gate of the inn to console Sancho Panza on not having found the head
+      of the giant; but much more work had they to appease the landlord, who was
+      furious at the sudden death of his wine-skins; and said the landlady half
+      scolding, half crying, "At an evil moment and in an unlucky hour he came
+      into my house, this knight-errant&mdash;would that I had never set eyes on
+      him, for dear he has cost me; the last time he went off with the overnight
+      score against him for supper, bed, straw, and barley, for himself and his
+      squire and a hack and an ass, saying he was a knight adventurer&mdash;God
+      send unlucky adventures to him and all the adventurers in the world&mdash;and
+      therefore not bound to pay anything, for it was so settled by the
+      knight-errantry tariff: and then, all because of him, came the other
+      gentleman and carried off my tail, and gives it back more than two
+      cuartillos the worse, all stripped of its hair, so that it is no use for
+      my husband's purpose; and then, for a finishing touch to all, to burst my
+      wine-skins and spill my wine! I wish I saw his own blood spilt! But let
+      him not deceive himself, for, by the bones of my father and the shade of
+      my mother, they shall pay me down every quarts; or my name is not what it
+      is, and I am not my father's daughter." All this and more to the same
+      effect the landlady delivered with great irritation, and her good maid
+      Maritornes backed her up, while the daughter held her peace and smiled
+      from time to time. The curate smoothed matters by promising to make good
+      all losses to the best of his power, not only as regarded the wine-skins
+      but also the wine, and above all the depreciation of the tail which they
+      set such store by. Dorothea comforted Sancho, telling him that she pledged
+      herself, as soon as it should appear certain that his master had
+      decapitated the giant, and she found herself peacefully established in her
+      kingdom, to bestow upon him the best county there was in it. With this
+      Sancho consoled himself, and assured the princess she might rely upon it
+      that he had seen the head of the giant, and more by token it had a beard
+      that reached to the girdle, and that if it was not to be seen now it was
+      because everything that happened in that house went by enchantment, as he
+      himself had proved the last time he had lodged there. Dorothea said she
+      fully believed it, and that he need not be uneasy, for all would go well
+      and turn out as he wished. All therefore being appeased, the curate was
+      anxious to go on with the novel, as he saw there was but little more left
+      to read. Dorothea and the others begged him to finish it, and he, as he
+      was willing to please them, and enjoyed reading it himself, continued the
+      tale in these words:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The result was, that from the confidence Anselmo felt in Camilla's virtue,
+      he lived happy and free from anxiety, and Camilla purposely looked coldly
+      on Lothario, that Anselmo might suppose her feelings towards him to be the
+      opposite of what they were; and the better to support the position,
+      Lothario begged to be excused from coming to the house, as the displeasure
+      with which Camilla regarded his presence was plain to be seen. But the
+      befooled Anselmo said he would on no account allow such a thing, and so in
+      a thousand ways he became the author of his own dishonour, while he
+      believed he was insuring his happiness. Meanwhile the satisfaction with
+      which Leonela saw herself empowered to carry on her amour reached such a
+      height that, regardless of everything else, she followed her inclinations
+      unrestrainedly, feeling confident that her mistress would screen her, and
+      even show her how to manage it safely. At last one night Anselmo heard
+      footsteps in Leonela's room, and on trying to enter to see who it was, he
+      found that the door was held against him, which made him all the more
+      determined to open it; and exerting his strength he forced it open, and
+      entered the room in time to see a man leaping through the window into the
+      street. He ran quickly to seize him or discover who he was, but he was
+      unable to effect either purpose, for Leonela flung her arms round him
+      crying, "Be calm, senor; do not give way to passion or follow him who has
+      escaped from this; he belongs to me, and in fact he is my husband."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo would not believe it, but blind with rage drew a dagger and
+      threatened to stab Leonela, bidding her tell the truth or he would kill
+      her. She, in her fear, not knowing what she was saying, exclaimed, "Do not
+      kill me, senor, for I can tell you things more important than any you can
+      imagine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell me then at once or thou diest," said Anselmo.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It would be impossible for me now," said Leonela, "I am so agitated:
+      leave me till to-morrow, and then you shall hear from me what will fill
+      you with astonishment; but rest assured that he who leaped through the
+      window is a young man of this city, who has given me his promise to become
+      my husband."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Anselmo was appeased with this, and was content to wait the time she asked
+      of him, for he never expected to hear anything against Camilla, so
+      satisfied and sure of her virtue was he; and so he quitted the room, and
+      left Leonela locked in, telling her she should not come out until she had
+      told him all she had to make known to him. He went at once to see Camilla,
+      and tell her, as he did, all that had passed between him and her handmaid,
+      and the promise she had given him to inform him matters of serious
+      importance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There is no need of saying whether Camilla was agitated or not, for so
+      great was her fear and dismay, that, making sure, as she had good reason
+      to do, that Leonela would tell Anselmo all she knew of her faithlessness,
+      she had not the courage to wait and see if her suspicions were confirmed;
+      and that same night, as soon as she thought that Anselmo was asleep, she
+      packed up the most valuable jewels she had and some money, and without
+      being observed by anybody escaped from the house and betook herself to
+      Lothario's, to whom she related what had occurred, imploring him to convey
+      her to some place of safety or fly with her where they might be safe from
+      Anselmo. The state of perplexity to which Camilla reduced Lothario was
+      such that he was unable to utter a word in reply, still less to decide
+      upon what he should do. At length he resolved to conduct her to a convent
+      of which a sister of his was prioress; Camilla agreed to this, and with
+      the speed which the circumstances demanded, Lothario took her to the
+      convent and left her there, and then himself quitted the city without
+      letting anyone know of his departure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as daylight came Anselmo, without missing Camilla from his side,
+      rose eager to learn what Leonela had to tell him, and hastened to the room
+      where he had locked her in. He opened the door, entered, but found no
+      Leonela; all he found was some sheets knotted to the window, a plain proof
+      that she had let herself down from it and escaped. He returned, uneasy, to
+      tell Camilla, but not finding her in bed or anywhere in the house he was
+      lost in amazement. He asked the servants of the house about her, but none
+      of them could give him any explanation. As he was going in search of
+      Camilla it happened by chance that he observed her boxes were lying open,
+      and that the greater part of her jewels were gone; and now he became fully
+      aware of his disgrace, and that Leonela was not the cause of his
+      misfortune; and, just as he was, without delaying to dress himself
+      completely, he repaired, sad at heart and dejected, to his friend Lothario
+      to make known his sorrow to him; but when he failed to find him and the
+      servants reported that he had been absent from his house all night and had
+      taken with him all the money he had, he felt as though he were losing his
+      senses; and to make all complete on returning to his own house he found it
+      deserted and empty, not one of all his servants, male or female, remaining
+      in it. He knew not what to think, or say, or do, and his reason seemed to
+      be deserting him little by little. He reviewed his position, and saw
+      himself in a moment left without wife, friend, or servants, abandoned, he
+      felt, by the heaven above him, and more than all robbed of his honour, for
+      in Camilla's disappearance he saw his own ruin. After long reflection he
+      resolved at last to go to his friend's village, where he had been staying
+      when he afforded opportunities for the contrivance of this complication of
+      misfortune. He locked the doors of his house, mounted his horse, and with
+      a broken spirit set out on his journey; but he had hardly gone half-way
+      when, harassed by his reflections, he had to dismount and tie his horse to
+      a tree, at the foot of which he threw himself, giving vent to piteous
+      heartrending sighs; and there he remained till nearly nightfall, when he
+      observed a man approaching on horseback from the city, of whom, after
+      saluting him, he asked what was the news in Florence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The citizen replied, "The strangest that have been heard for many a day;
+      for it is reported abroad that Lothario, the great friend of the wealthy
+      Anselmo, who lived at San Giovanni, carried off last night Camilla, the
+      wife of Anselmo, who also has disappeared. All this has been told by a
+      maid-servant of Camilla's, whom the governor found last night lowering
+      herself by a sheet from the windows of Anselmo's house. I know not indeed,
+      precisely, how the affair came to pass; all I know is that the whole city
+      is wondering at the occurrence, for no one could have expected a thing of
+      the kind, seeing the great and intimate friendship that existed between
+      them, so great, they say, that they were called 'The Two Friends.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Is it known at all," said Anselmo, "what road Lothario and Camilla took?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Not in the least," said the citizen, "though the governor has been very
+      active in searching for them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God speed you, senor," said Anselmo.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God be with you," said the citizen and went his way.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This disastrous intelligence almost robbed Anselmo not only of his senses
+      but of his life. He got up as well as he was able and reached the house of
+      his friend, who as yet knew nothing of his misfortune, but seeing him come
+      pale, worn, and haggard, perceived that he was suffering some heavy
+      affliction. Anselmo at once begged to be allowed to retire to rest, and to
+      be given writing materials. His wish was complied with and he was left
+      lying down and alone, for he desired this, and even that the door should
+      be locked. Finding himself alone he so took to heart the thought of his
+      misfortune that by the signs of death he felt within him he knew well his
+      life was drawing to a close, and therefore he resolved to leave behind him
+      a declaration of the cause of his strange end. He began to write, but
+      before he had put down all he meant to say, his breath failed him and he
+      yielded up his life, a victim to the suffering which his ill-advised
+      curiosity had entailed upon him. The master of the house observing that it
+      was now late and that Anselmo did not call, determined to go in and
+      ascertain if his indisposition was increasing, and found him lying on his
+      face, his body partly in the bed, partly on the writing-table, on which he
+      lay with the written paper open and the pen still in his hand. Having
+      first called to him without receiving any answer, his host approached him,
+      and taking him by the hand, found that it was cold, and saw that he was
+      dead. Greatly surprised and distressed he summoned the household to
+      witness the sad fate which had befallen Anselmo; and then he read the
+      paper, the handwriting of which he recognised as his, and which contained
+      these words:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A foolish and ill-advised desire has robbed me of life. If the news of my
+      death should reach the ears of Camilla, let her know that I forgive her,
+      for she was not bound to perform miracles, nor ought I to have required
+      her to perform them; and since I have been the author of my own dishonour,
+      there is no reason why-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So far Anselmo had written, and thus it was plain that at this point,
+      before he could finish what he had to say, his life came to an end. The
+      next day his friend sent intelligence of his death to his relatives, who
+      had already ascertained his misfortune, as well as the convent where
+      Camilla lay almost on the point of accompanying her husband on that
+      inevitable journey, not on account of the tidings of his death, but
+      because of those she received of her lover's departure. Although she saw
+      herself a widow, it is said she refused either to quit the convent or take
+      the veil, until, not long afterwards, intelligence reached her that
+      Lothario had been killed in a battle in which M. de Lautrec had been
+      recently engaged with the Great Captain Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova in
+      the kingdom of Naples, whither her too late repentant lover had repaired.
+      On learning this Camilla took the veil, and shortly afterwards died, worn
+      out by grief and melancholy. This was the end of all three, an end that
+      came of a thoughtless beginning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I like this novel," said the curate; "but I cannot persuade myself of its
+      truth; and if it has been invented, the author's invention is faulty, for
+      it is impossible to imagine any husband so foolish as to try such a costly
+      experiment as Anselmo's. If it had been represented as occurring between a
+      gallant and his mistress it might pass; but between husband and wife there
+      is something of an impossibility about it. As to the way in which the
+      story is told, however, I have no fault to find."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch36" id="ch36"></a>CHAPTER XXXVI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF MORE CURIOUS INCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED AT THE INN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c36a" id="c36a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c36a.jpg (124K)" src="images/c36a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c36a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Just at that instant the landlord, who was standing at the gate of the
+      inn, exclaimed, "Here comes a fine troop of guests; if they stop here we
+      may say gaudeamus."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What are they?" said Cardenio.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Four men," said the landlord, "riding a la jineta, with lances and
+      bucklers, and all with black veils, and with them there is a woman in
+      white on a side-saddle, whose face is also veiled, and two attendants on
+      foot."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are they very near?" said the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So near," answered the landlord, "that here they come."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hearing this Dorothea covered her face, and Cardenio retreated into Don
+      Quixote's room, and they hardly had time to do so before the whole party
+      the host had described entered the inn, and the four that were on
+      horseback, who were of highbred appearance and bearing, dismounted, and
+      came forward to take down the woman who rode on the side-saddle, and one
+      of them taking her in his arms placed her in a chair that stood at the
+      entrance of the room where Cardenio had hidden himself. All this time
+      neither she nor they had removed their veils or spoken a word, only on
+      sitting down on the chair the woman gave a deep sigh and let her arms fall
+      like one that was ill and weak. The attendants on foot then led the horses
+      away to the stable. Observing this the curate, curious to know who these
+      people in such a dress and preserving such silence were, went to where the
+      servants were standing and put the question to one of them, who answered
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Faith, sir, I cannot tell you who they are, I only know they seem to be
+      people of distinction, particularly he who advanced to take the lady you
+      saw in his arms; and I say so because all the rest show him respect, and
+      nothing is done except what he directs and orders."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And the lady, who is she?" asked the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I cannot tell you either," said the servant, "for I have not seen
+      her face all the way: I have indeed heard her sigh many times and utter
+      such groans that she seems to be giving up the ghost every time; but it is
+      no wonder if we do not know more than we have told you, as my comrade and
+      I have only been in their company two days, for having met us on the road
+      they begged and persuaded us to accompany them to Andalusia, promising to
+      pay us well."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And have you heard any of them called by his name?" asked the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, indeed," replied the servant; "they all preserve a marvellous silence
+      on the road, for not a sound is to be heard among them except the poor
+      lady's sighs and sobs, which make us pity her; and we feel sure that
+      wherever it is she is going, it is against her will, and as far as one can
+      judge from her dress she is a nun or, what is more likely, about to become
+      one; and perhaps it is because taking the vows is not of her own free
+      will, that she is so unhappy as she seems to be."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That may well be," said the curate, and leaving them he returned to where
+      Dorothea was, who, hearing the veiled lady sigh, moved by natural
+      compassion drew near to her and said, "What are you suffering from,
+      senora? If it be anything that women are accustomed and know how to
+      relieve, I offer you my services with all my heart."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this the unhappy lady made no reply; and though Dorothea repeated her
+      offers more earnestly she still kept silence, until the gentleman with the
+      veil, who, the servant said, was obeyed by the rest, approached and said
+      to Dorothea, "Do not give yourself the trouble, senora, of making any
+      offers to that woman, for it is her way to give no thanks for anything
+      that is done for her; and do not try to make her answer unless you want to
+      hear some lie from her lips."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have never told a lie," was the immediate reply of her who had been
+      silent until now; "on the contrary, it is because I am so truthful and so
+      ignorant of lying devices that I am now in this miserable condition; and
+      this I call you yourself to witness, for it is my unstained truth that has
+      made you false and a liar."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio heard these words clearly and distinctly, being quite close to
+      the speaker, for there was only the door of Don Quixote's room between
+      them, and the instant he did so, uttering a loud exclamation he cried,
+      "Good God! what is this I hear? What voice is this that has reached my
+      ears?" Startled at the voice the lady turned her head; and not seeing the
+      speaker she stood up and attempted to enter the room; observing which the
+      gentleman held her back, preventing her from moving a step. In her
+      agitation and sudden movement the silk with which she had covered her face
+      fell off and disclosed a countenance of incomparable and marvellous
+      beauty, but pale and terrified; for she kept turning her eyes, everywhere
+      she could direct her gaze, with an eagerness that made her look as if she
+      had lost her senses, and so marked that it excited the pity of Dorothea
+      and all who beheld her, though they knew not what caused it. The gentleman
+      grasped her firmly by the shoulders, and being so fully occupied with
+      holding her back, he was unable to put a hand to his veil which was
+      falling off, as it did at length entirely, and Dorothea, who was holding
+      the lady in her arms, raising her eyes saw that he who likewise held her
+      was her husband, Don Fernando. The instant she recognised him, with a
+      prolonged plaintive cry drawn from the depths of her heart, she fell
+      backwards fainting, and but for the barber being close by to catch her in
+      his arms, she would have fallen completely to the ground. The curate at
+      once hastened to uncover her face and throw water on it, and as he did so
+      Don Fernando, for he it was who held the other in his arms, recognised her
+      and stood as if death-stricken by the sight; not, however, relaxing his
+      grasp of Luscinda, for it was she that was struggling to release herself
+      from his hold, having recognised Cardenio by his voice, as he had
+      recognised her. Cardenio also heard Dorothea's cry as she fell fainting,
+      and imagining that it came from his Luscinda burst forth in terror from
+      the room, and the first thing he saw was Don Fernando with Luscinda in his
+      arms. Don Fernando, too, knew Cardenio at once; and all three, Luscinda,
+      Cardenio, and Dorothea, stood in silent amazement scarcely knowing what
+      had happened to them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They gazed at one another without speaking, Dorothea at Don Fernando, Don
+      Fernando at Cardenio, Cardenio at Luscinda, and Luscinda at Cardenio. The
+      first to break silence was Luscinda, who thus addressed Don Fernando:
+      "Leave me, Senor Don Fernando, for the sake of what you owe to yourself;
+      if no other reason will induce you, leave me to cling to the wall of which
+      I am the ivy, to the support from which neither your importunities, nor
+      your threats, nor your promises, nor your gifts have been able to detach
+      me. See how Heaven, by ways strange and hidden from our sight, has brought
+      me face to face with my true husband; and well you know by dear-bought
+      experience that death alone will be able to efface him from my memory. May
+      this plain declaration, then, lead you, as you can do nothing else, to
+      turn your love into rage, your affection into resentment, and so to take
+      my life; for if I yield it up in the presence of my beloved husband I
+      count it well bestowed; it may be by my death he will be convinced that I
+      kept my faith to him to the last moment of life."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile Dorothea had come to herself, and had heard Luscinda's words, by
+      means of which she divined who she was; but seeing that Don Fernando did
+      not yet release her or reply to her, summoning up her resolution as well
+      as she could she rose and knelt at his feet, and with a flood of bright
+      and touching tears addressed him thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If, my lord, the beams of that sun that thou holdest eclipsed in thine
+      arms did not dazzle and rob thine eyes of sight thou wouldst have seen by
+      this time that she who kneels at thy feet is, so long as thou wilt have it
+      so, the unhappy and unfortunate Dorothea. I am that lowly peasant girl
+      whom thou in thy goodness or for thy pleasure wouldst raise high enough to
+      call herself thine; I am she who in the seclusion of innocence led a
+      contented life until at the voice of thy importunity, and thy true and
+      tender passion, as it seemed, she opened the gates of her modesty and
+      surrendered to thee the keys of her liberty; a gift received by thee but
+      thanklessly, as is clearly shown by my forced retreat to the place where
+      thou dost find me, and by thy appearance under the circumstances in which
+      I see thee. Nevertheless, I would not have thee suppose that I have come
+      here driven by my shame; it is only grief and sorrow at seeing myself
+      forgotten by thee that have led me. It was thy will to make me thine, and
+      thou didst so follow thy will, that now, even though thou repentest, thou
+      canst not help being mine. Bethink thee, my lord, the unsurpassable
+      affection I bear thee may compensate for the beauty and noble birth for
+      which thou wouldst desert me. Thou canst not be the fair Luscinda's
+      because thou art mine, nor can she be thine because she is Cardenio's; and
+      it will be easier, remember, to bend thy will to love one who adores thee,
+      than to lead one to love thee who abhors thee now. Thou didst address
+      thyself to my simplicity, thou didst lay siege to my virtue, thou wert not
+      ignorant of my station, well dost thou know how I yielded wholly to thy
+      will; there is no ground or reason for thee to plead deception, and if it
+      be so, as it is, and if thou art a Christian as thou art a gentleman, why
+      dost thou by such subterfuges put off making me as happy at last as thou
+      didst at first? And if thou wilt not have me for what I am, thy true and
+      lawful wife, at least take and accept me as thy slave, for so long as I am
+      thine I will count myself happy and fortunate. Do not by deserting me let
+      my shame become the talk of the gossips in the streets; make not the old
+      age of my parents miserable; for the loyal services they as faithful
+      vassals have ever rendered thine are not deserving of such a return; and
+      if thou thinkest it will debase thy blood to mingle it with mine, reflect
+      that there is little or no nobility in the world that has not travelled
+      the same road, and that in illustrious lineages it is not the woman's
+      blood that is of account; and, moreover, that true nobility consists in
+      virtue, and if thou art wanting in that, refusing me what in justice thou
+      owest me, then even I have higher claims to nobility than thine. To make
+      an end, senor, these are my last words to thee: whether thou wilt, or wilt
+      not, I am thy wife; witness thy words, which must not and ought not to be
+      false, if thou dost pride thyself on that for want of which thou scornest
+      me; witness the pledge which thou didst give me, and witness Heaven, which
+      thou thyself didst call to witness the promise thou hadst made me; and if
+      all this fail, thy own conscience will not fail to lift up its silent
+      voice in the midst of all thy gaiety, and vindicate the truth of what I
+      say and mar thy highest pleasure and enjoyment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this and more the injured Dorothea delivered with such earnest feeling
+      and such tears that all present, even those who came with Don Fernando,
+      were constrained to join her in them. Don Fernando listened to her without
+      replying, until, ceasing to speak, she gave way to such sobs and sighs
+      that it must have been a heart of brass that was not softened by the sight
+      of so great sorrow. Luscinda stood regarding her with no less compassion
+      for her sufferings than admiration for her intelligence and beauty, and
+      would have gone to her to say some words of comfort to her, but was
+      prevented by Don Fernando's grasp which held her fast. He, overwhelmed
+      with confusion and astonishment, after regarding Dorothea for some moments
+      with a fixed gaze, opened his arms, and, releasing Luscinda, exclaimed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou hast conquered, fair Dorothea, thou hast conquered, for it is
+      impossible to have the heart to deny the united force of so many truths."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Luscinda in her feebleness was on the point of falling to the ground when
+      Don Fernando released her, but Cardenio, who stood near, having retreated
+      behind Don Fernando to escape recognition, casting fear aside and
+      regardless of what might happen, ran forward to support her, and said as
+      he clasped her in his arms, "If Heaven in its compassion is willing to let
+      thee rest at last, mistress of my heart, true, constant, and fair, nowhere
+      canst thou rest more safely than in these arms that now receive thee, and
+      received thee before when fortune permitted me to call thee mine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At these words Luscinda looked up at Cardenio, at first beginning to
+      recognise him by his voice and then satisfying herself by her eyes that it
+      was he, and hardly knowing what she did, and heedless of all
+      considerations of decorum, she flung her arms around his neck and pressing
+      her face close to his, said, "Yes, my dear lord, you are the true master
+      of this your slave, even though adverse fate interpose again, and fresh
+      dangers threaten this life that hangs on yours."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A strange sight was this for Don Fernando and those that stood around,
+      filled with surprise at an incident so unlooked for. Dorothea fancied that
+      Don Fernando changed colour and looked as though he meant to take
+      vengeance on Cardenio, for she observed him put his hand to his sword; and
+      the instant the idea struck her, with wonderful quickness she clasped him
+      round the knees, and kissing them and holding him so as to prevent his
+      moving, she said, while her tears continued to flow, "What is it thou
+      wouldst do, my only refuge, in this unforeseen event? Thou hast thy wife
+      at thy feet, and she whom thou wouldst have for thy wife is in the arms of
+      her husband: reflect whether it will be right for thee, whether it will be
+      possible for thee to undo what Heaven has done, or whether it will be
+      becoming in thee to seek to raise her to be thy mate who in spite of every
+      obstacle, and strong in her truth and constancy, is before thine eyes,
+      bathing with the tears of love the face and bosom of her lawful husband.
+      For God's sake I entreat of thee, for thine own I implore thee, let not
+      this open manifestation rouse thy anger; but rather so calm it as to allow
+      these two lovers to live in peace and quiet without any interference from
+      thee so long as Heaven permits them; and in so doing thou wilt prove the
+      generosity of thy lofty noble spirit, and the world shall see that with
+      thee reason has more influence than passion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All the time Dorothea was speaking, Cardenio, though he held Luscinda in
+      his arms, never took his eyes off Don Fernando, determined, if he saw him
+      make any hostile movement, to try and defend himself and resist as best he
+      could all who might assail him, though it should cost him his life. But
+      now Don Fernando's friends, as well as the curate and the barber, who had
+      been present all the while, not forgetting the worthy Sancho Panza, ran
+      forward and gathered round Don Fernando, entreating him to have regard for
+      the tears of Dorothea, and not suffer her reasonable hopes to be
+      disappointed, since, as they firmly believed, what she said was but the
+      truth; and bidding him observe that it was not, as it might seem, by
+      accident, but by a special disposition of Providence that they had all met
+      in a place where no one could have expected a meeting. And the curate bade
+      him remember that only death could part Luscinda from Cardenio; that even
+      if some sword were to separate them they would think their death most
+      happy; and that in a case that admitted of no remedy his wisest course
+      was, by conquering and putting a constraint upon himself, to show a
+      generous mind, and of his own accord suffer these two to enjoy the
+      happiness Heaven had granted them. He bade him, too, turn his eyes upon
+      the beauty of Dorothea and he would see that few if any could equal much
+      less excel her; while to that beauty should be added her modesty and the
+      surpassing love she bore him. But besides all this, he reminded him that
+      if he prided himself on being a gentleman and a Christian, he could not do
+      otherwise than keep his plighted word; and that in doing so he would obey
+      God and meet the approval of all sensible people, who know and recognised
+      it to be the privilege of beauty, even in one of humble birth, provided
+      virtue accompany it, to be able to raise itself to the level of any rank,
+      without any slur upon him who places it upon an equality with himself; and
+      furthermore that when the potent sway of passion asserts itself, so long
+      as there be no mixture of sin in it, he is not to be blamed who gives way
+      to it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To be brief, they added to these such other forcible arguments that Don
+      Fernando's manly heart, being after all nourished by noble blood, was
+      touched, and yielded to the truth which, even had he wished it, he could
+      not gainsay; and he showed his submission, and acceptance of the good
+      advice that had been offered to him, by stooping down and embracing
+      Dorothea, saying to her, "Rise, dear lady, it is not right that what I
+      hold in my heart should be kneeling at my feet; and if until now I have
+      shown no sign of what I own, it may have been by Heaven's decree in order
+      that, seeing the constancy with which you love me, I may learn to value
+      you as you deserve. What I entreat of you is that you reproach me not with
+      my transgression and grievous wrong-doing; for the same cause and force
+      that drove me to make you mine impelled me to struggle against being
+      yours; and to prove this, turn and look at the eyes of the now happy
+      Luscinda, and you will see in them an excuse for all my errors: and as she
+      has found and gained the object of her desires, and I have found in you
+      what satisfies all my wishes, may she live in peace and contentment as
+      many happy years with her Cardenio, as on my knees I pray Heaven to allow
+      me to live with my Dorothea;" and with these words he once more embraced
+      her and pressed his face to hers with so much tenderness that he had to
+      take great heed to keep his tears from completing the proof of his love
+      and repentance in the sight of all. Not so Luscinda, and Cardenio, and
+      almost all the others, for they shed so many tears, some in their own
+      happiness, some at that of the others, that one would have supposed a
+      heavy calamity had fallen upon them all. Even Sancho Panza was weeping;
+      though afterwards he said he only wept because he saw that Dorothea was
+      not as he fancied the queen Micomicona, of whom he expected such great
+      favours. Their wonder as well as their weeping lasted some time, and then
+      Cardenio and Luscinda went and fell on their knees before Don Fernando,
+      returning him thanks for the favour he had rendered them in language so
+      grateful that he knew not how to answer them, and raising them up embraced
+      them with every mark of affection and courtesy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He then asked Dorothea how she had managed to reach a place so far removed
+      from her own home, and she in a few fitting words told all that she had
+      previously related to Cardenio, with which Don Fernando and his companions
+      were so delighted that they wished the story had been longer; so
+      charmingly did Dorothea describe her misadventures. When she had finished
+      Don Fernando recounted what had befallen him in the city after he had
+      found in Luscinda's bosom the paper in which she declared that she was
+      Cardenio's wife, and never could be his. He said he meant to kill her, and
+      would have done so had he not been prevented by her parents, and that he
+      quitted the house full of rage and shame, and resolved to avenge himself
+      when a more convenient opportunity should offer. The next day he learned
+      that Luscinda had disappeared from her father's house, and that no one
+      could tell whither she had gone. Finally, at the end of some months he
+      ascertained that she was in a convent and meant to remain there all the
+      rest of her life, if she were not to share it with Cardenio; and as soon
+      as he had learned this, taking these three gentlemen as his companions, he
+      arrived at the place where she was, but avoided speaking to her, fearing
+      that if it were known he was there stricter precautions would be taken in
+      the convent; and watching a time when the porter's lodge was open he left
+      two to guard the gate, and he and the other entered the convent in quest
+      of Luscinda, whom they found in the cloisters in conversation with one of
+      the nuns, and carrying her off without giving her time to resist, they
+      reached a place with her where they provided themselves with what they
+      required for taking her away; all which they were able to do in complete
+      safety, as the convent was in the country at a considerable distance from
+      the city. He added that when Luscinda found herself in his power she lost
+      all consciousness, and after returning to herself did nothing but weep and
+      sigh without speaking a word; and thus in silence and tears they reached
+      that inn, which for him was reaching heaven where all the mischances of
+      earth are over and at an end.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c36b" id="c36b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c36b.jpg (319K)" src="images/c36b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c36b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c36e" id="c36e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c36e.jpg (36K)" src="images/c36e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch37" id="ch37"></a>CHAPTER XXXVII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH IS CONTINUED THE STORY OF THE FAMOUS PRINCESS MICOMICONA, WITH
+      OTHER DROLL ADVENTURES
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c37a" id="c37a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c37a.jpg (159K)" src="images/c37a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c37a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To all this Sancho listened with no little sorrow at heart to see how his
+      hopes of dignity were fading away and vanishing in smoke, and how the fair
+      Princess Micomicona had turned into Dorothea, and the giant into Don
+      Fernando, while his master was sleeping tranquilly, totally unconscious of
+      all that had come to pass. Dorothea was unable to persuade herself that
+      her present happiness was not all a dream; Cardenio was in a similar state
+      of mind, and Luscinda's thoughts ran in the same direction. Don Fernando
+      gave thanks to Heaven for the favour shown to him and for having been
+      rescued from the intricate labyrinth in which he had been brought so near
+      the destruction of his good name and of his soul; and in short everybody
+      in the inn was full of contentment and satisfaction at the happy issue of
+      such a complicated and hopeless business. The curate as a sensible man
+      made sound reflections upon the whole affair, and congratulated each upon
+      his good fortune; but the one that was in the highest spirits and good
+      humour was the landlady, because of the promise Cardenio and the curate
+      had given her to pay for all the losses and damage she had sustained
+      through Don Quixote's means. Sancho, as has been already said, was the
+      only one who was distressed, unhappy, and dejected; and so with a long
+      face he went in to his master, who had just awoke, and said to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sir Rueful Countenance, your worship may as well sleep on as much as you
+      like, without troubling yourself about killing any giant or restoring her
+      kingdom to the princess; for that is all over and settled now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I should think it was," replied Don Quixote, "for I have had the most
+      prodigious and stupendous battle with the giant that I ever remember
+      having had all the days of my life; and with one back-stroke&mdash;swish!&mdash;I
+      brought his head tumbling to the ground, and so much blood gushed forth
+      from him that it ran in rivulets over the earth like water."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Like red wine, your worship had better say," replied Sancho; "for I would
+      have you know, if you don't know it, that the dead giant is a hacked
+      wine-skin, and the blood four-and-twenty gallons of red wine that it had
+      in its belly, and the cut-off head is the bitch that bore me; and the
+      devil take it all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What art thou talking about, fool?" said Don Quixote; "art thou in thy
+      senses?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let your worship get up," said Sancho, "and you will see the nice
+      business you have made of it, and what we have to pay; and you will see
+      the queen turned into a private lady called Dorothea, and other things
+      that will astonish you, if you understand them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I shall not be surprised at anything of the kind," returned Don Quixote;
+      "for if thou dost remember the last time we were here I told thee that
+      everything that happened here was a matter of enchantment, and it would be
+      no wonder if it were the same now."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I could believe all that," replied Sancho, "if my blanketing was the same
+      sort of thing also; only it wasn't, but real and genuine; for I saw the
+      landlord, Who is here to-day, holding one end of the blanket and jerking
+      me up to the skies very neatly and smartly, and with as much laughter as
+      strength; and when it comes to be a case of knowing people, I hold for my
+      part, simple and sinner as I am, that there is no enchantment about it at
+      all, but a great deal of bruising and bad luck."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, well, God will give a remedy," said Don Quixote; "hand me my
+      clothes and let me go out, for I want to see these transformations and
+      things thou speakest of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho fetched him his clothes; and while he was dressing, the curate gave
+      Don Fernando and the others present an account of Don Quixote's madness
+      and of the stratagem they had made use of to withdraw him from that Pena
+      Pobre where he fancied himself stationed because of his lady's scorn. He
+      described to them also nearly all the adventures that Sancho had
+      mentioned, at which they marvelled and laughed not a little, thinking it,
+      as all did, the strangest form of madness a crazy intellect could be
+      capable of. But now, the curate said, that the lady Dorothea's good
+      fortune prevented her from proceeding with their purpose, it would be
+      necessary to devise or discover some other way of getting him home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Cardenio proposed to carry out the scheme they had begun, and suggested
+      that Luscinda would act and support Dorothea's part sufficiently well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No," said Don Fernando, "that must not be, for I want Dorothea to follow
+      out this idea of hers; and if the worthy gentleman's village is not very
+      far off, I shall be happy if I can do anything for his relief."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is not more than two days' journey from this," said the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Even if it were more," said Don Fernando, "I would gladly travel so far
+      for the sake of doing so good a work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At this moment Don Quixote came out in full panoply, with Mambrino's
+      helmet, all dinted as it was, on his head, his buckler on his arm, and
+      leaning on his staff or pike. The strange figure he presented filled Don
+      Fernando and the rest with amazement as they contemplated his lean yellow
+      face half a league long, his armour of all sorts, and the solemnity of his
+      deportment. They stood silent waiting to see what he would say, and he,
+      fixing his eyes on the fair Dorothea, addressed her with great gravity and
+      composure:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am informed, fair lady, by my squire here that your greatness has been
+      annihilated and your being abolished, since, from a queen and lady of high
+      degree as you used to be, you have been turned into a private maiden. If
+      this has been done by the command of the magician king your father,
+      through fear that I should not afford you the aid you need and are
+      entitled to, I may tell you he did not know and does not know half the
+      mass, and was little versed in the annals of chivalry; for, if he had read
+      and gone through them as attentively and deliberately as I have, he would
+      have found at every turn that knights of less renown than mine have
+      accomplished things more difficult: it is no great matter to kill a whelp
+      of a giant, however arrogant he may be; for it is not many hours since I
+      myself was engaged with one, and&mdash;I will not speak of it, that they
+      may not say I am lying; time, however, that reveals all, will tell the
+      tale when we least expect it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You were engaged with a couple of wine-skins, and not a giant," said the
+      landlord at this; but Don Fernando told him to hold his tongue and on no
+      account interrupt Don Quixote, who continued, "I say in conclusion, high
+      and disinherited lady, that if your father has brought about this
+      metamorphosis in your person for the reason I have mentioned, you ought
+      not to attach any importance to it; for there is no peril on earth through
+      which my sword will not force a way, and with it, before many days are
+      over, I will bring your enemy's head to the ground and place on yours the
+      crown of your kingdom."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote said no more, and waited for the reply of the princess, who
+      aware of Don Fernando's determination to carry on the deception until Don
+      Quixote had been conveyed to his home, with great ease of manner and
+      gravity made answer, "Whoever told you, valiant Knight of the Rueful
+      Countenance, that I had undergone any change or transformation did not
+      tell you the truth, for I am the same as I was yesterday. It is true that
+      certain strokes of good fortune, that have given me more than I could have
+      hoped for, have made some alteration in me; but I have not therefore
+      ceased to be what I was before, or to entertain the same desire I have had
+      all through of availing myself of the might of your valiant and invincible
+      arm. And so, senor, let your goodness reinstate the father that begot me
+      in your good opinion, and be assured that he was a wise and prudent man,
+      since by his craft he found out such a sure and easy way of remedying my
+      misfortune; for I believe, senor, that had it not been for you I should
+      never have lit upon the good fortune I now possess; and in this I am
+      saying what is perfectly true; as most of these gentlemen who are present
+      can fully testify. All that remains is to set out on our journey
+      to-morrow, for to-day we could not make much way; and for the rest of the
+      happy result I am looking forward to, I trust to God and the valour of
+      your heart."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So said the sprightly Dorothea, and on hearing her Don Quixote turned to
+      Sancho, and said to him, with an angry air, "I declare now, little Sancho,
+      thou art the greatest little villain in Spain. Say, thief and vagabond,
+      hast thou not just now told me that this princess had been turned into a
+      maiden called Dorothea, and that the head which I am persuaded I cut off
+      from a giant was the bitch that bore thee, and other nonsense that put me
+      in the greatest perplexity I have ever been in all my life? I vow" (and
+      here he looked to heaven and ground his teeth) "I have a mind to play the
+      mischief with thee, in a way that will teach sense for the future to all
+      lying squires of knights-errant in the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let your worship be calm, senor," returned Sancho, "for it may well be
+      that I have been mistaken as to the change of the lady princess
+      Micomicona; but as to the giant's head, or at least as to the piercing of
+      the wine-skins, and the blood being red wine, I make no mistake, as sure
+      as there is a God; because the wounded skins are there at the head of your
+      worship's bed, and the wine has made a lake of the room; if not you will
+      see when the eggs come to be fried; I mean when his worship the landlord
+      calls for all the damages: for the rest, I am heartily glad that her
+      ladyship the queen is as she was, for it concerns me as much as anyone."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I tell thee again, Sancho, thou art a fool," said Don Quixote; "forgive
+      me, and that will do."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That will do," said Don Fernando; "let us say no more about it; and as
+      her ladyship the princess proposes to set out to-morrow because it is too
+      late to-day, so be it, and we will pass the night in pleasant
+      conversation, and to-morrow we will all accompany Senor Don Quixote; for
+      we wish to witness the valiant and unparalleled achievements he is about
+      to perform in the course of this mighty enterprise which he has
+      undertaken."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is I who shall wait upon and accompany you," said Don Quixote; "and I
+      am much gratified by the favour that is bestowed upon me, and the good
+      opinion entertained of me, which I shall strive to justify or it shall
+      cost me my life, or even more, if it can possibly cost me more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Many were the compliments and expressions of politeness that passed
+      between Don Quixote and Don Fernando; but they were brought to an end by a
+      traveller who at this moment entered the inn, and who seemed from his
+      attire to be a Christian lately come from the country of the Moors, for he
+      was dressed in a short-skirted coat of blue cloth with half-sleeves and
+      without a collar; his breeches were also of blue cloth, and his cap of the
+      same colour, and he wore yellow buskins and had a Moorish cutlass slung
+      from a baldric across his breast. Behind him, mounted upon an ass, there
+      came a woman dressed in Moorish fashion, with her face veiled and a scarf
+      on her head, and wearing a little brocaded cap, and a mantle that covered
+      her from her shoulders to her feet. The man was of a robust and
+      well-proportioned frame, in age a little over forty, rather swarthy in
+      complexion, with long moustaches and a full beard, and, in short, his
+      appearance was such that if he had been well dressed he would have been
+      taken for a person of quality and good birth. On entering he asked for a
+      room, and when they told him there was none in the inn he seemed
+      distressed, and approaching her who by her dress seemed to be a Moor, he took
+      her down from the saddle in his arms. Luscinda, Dorothea, the landlady, her
+      daughter and Maritornes, attracted by the strange, and to them entirely
+      new costume, gathered round her; and Dorothea, who was always kindly,
+      courteous, and quick-witted, perceiving that both she and the man who had
+      brought her were annoyed at not finding a room, said to her, "Do not be
+      put out, senora, by the discomfort and want of luxuries here, for it is
+      the way of road-side inns to be without them; still, if you will be
+      pleased to share our lodging with us (pointing to Luscinda) perhaps you
+      will have found worse accommodation in the course of your journey."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this the veiled lady made no reply; all she did was to rise from her
+      seat, crossing her hands upon her bosom, bowing her head and bending her
+      body as a sign that she returned thanks. From her silence they concluded
+      that she must be a Moor and unable to speak a Christian tongue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this moment the captive came up, having been until now otherwise
+      engaged, and seeing that they all stood round his companion and that she
+      made no reply to what they addressed to her, he said, "Ladies, this damsel
+      hardly understands my language and can speak none but that of her own
+      country, for which reason she does not and cannot answer what has been
+      asked of her."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nothing has been asked of her," returned Luscinda; "she has only been
+      offered our company for this evening and a share of the quarters we
+      occupy, where she shall be made as comfortable as the circumstances allow,
+      with the good-will we are bound to show all strangers that stand in need
+      of it, especially if it be a woman to whom the service is rendered."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On her part and my own, senora," replied the captive, "I kiss your hands,
+      and I esteem highly, as I ought, the favour you have offered, which, on
+      such an occasion and coming from persons of your appearance, is, it is
+      plain to see, a very great one."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Tell me, senor," said Dorothea, "is this lady a Christian or a Moor? for
+      her dress and her silence lead us to imagine that she is what we could
+      wish she was not."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In dress and outwardly," said he, "she is a Moor, but at heart she is a
+      thoroughly good Christian, for she has the greatest desire to become one."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then she has not been baptised?" returned Luscinda.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There has been no opportunity for that," replied the captive, "since she
+      left Algiers, her native country and home; and up to the present she has
+      not found herself in any such imminent danger of death as to make it
+      necessary to baptise her before she has been instructed in all the
+      ceremonies our holy mother Church ordains; but, please God, ere long she
+      shall be baptised with the solemnity befitting her which is higher than
+      her dress or mine indicates."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By these words he excited a desire in all who heard him, to know who the
+      Moorish lady and the captive were, but no one liked to ask just then,
+      seeing that it was a fitter moment for helping them to rest themselves
+      than for questioning them about their lives. Dorothea took the Moorish
+      lady by the hand and leading her to a seat beside herself, requested her
+      to remove her veil. She looked at the captive as if to ask him what they
+      meant and what she was to do. He said to her in Arabic that they asked her
+      to take off her veil, and thereupon she removed it and disclosed a
+      countenance so lovely, that to Dorothea she seemed more beautiful than
+      Luscinda, and to Luscinda more beautiful than Dorothea, and all the
+      bystanders felt that if any beauty could compare with theirs it was the
+      Moorish lady's, and there were even those who were inclined to give it
+      somewhat the preference. And as it is the privilege and charm of beauty to
+      win the heart and secure good-will, all forthwith became eager to show
+      kindness and attention to the lovely Moor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Fernando asked the captive what her name was, and he replied that it
+      was Lela Zoraida; but the instant she heard him, she guessed what the
+      Christian had asked, and said hastily, with some displeasure and energy,
+      "No, not Zoraida; Maria, Maria!" giving them to understand that she was
+      called "Maria" and not "Zoraida." These words, and the touching
+      earnestness with which she uttered them, drew more than one tear from some
+      of the listeners, particularly the women, who are by nature tender-hearted
+      and compassionate. Luscinda embraced her affectionately, saying, "Yes,
+      yes, Maria, Maria," to which the Moor replied, "Yes, yes, Maria; Zoraida
+      macange," which means "not Zoraida."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Night was now approaching, and by the orders of those who accompanied Don
+      Fernando the landlord had taken care and pains to prepare for them the
+      best supper that was in his power. The hour therefore having arrived they
+      all took their seats at a long table like a refectory one, for round or
+      square table there was none in the inn, and the seat of honour at the head
+      of it, though he was for refusing it, they assigned to Don Quixote, who
+      desired the lady Micomicona to place herself by his side, as he was her
+      protector. Luscinda and Zoraida took their places next her, opposite to
+      them were Don Fernando and Cardenio, and next the captive and the other
+      gentlemen, and by the side of the ladies, the curate and the barber. And
+      so they supped in high enjoyment, which was increased when they observed
+      Don Quixote leave off eating, and, moved by an impulse like that which
+      made him deliver himself at such length when he supped with the goatherds,
+      begin to address them:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Verily, gentlemen, if we reflect upon it, great and marvellous are the
+      things they see, who make profession of the order of knight-errantry. Say,
+      what being is there in this world, who entering the gate of this castle at
+      this moment, and seeing us as we are here, would suppose or imagine us to
+      be what we are? Who would say that this lady who is beside me was the
+      great queen that we all know her to be, or that I am that Knight of the
+      Rueful Countenance, trumpeted far and wide by the mouth of Fame? Now,
+      there can be no doubt that this art and calling surpasses all those that
+      mankind has invented, and is the more deserving of being held in honour in
+      proportion as it is the more exposed to peril. Away with those who assert
+      that letters have the preeminence over arms; I will tell them, whosoever
+      they may be, that they know not what they say. For the reason which such
+      persons commonly assign, and upon which they chiefly rest, is, that the
+      labours of the mind are greater than those of the body, and that arms give
+      employment to the body alone; as if the calling were a porter's trade, for
+      which nothing more is required than sturdy strength; or as if, in what we
+      who profess them call arms, there were not included acts of vigour for the
+      execution of which high intelligence is requisite; or as if the soul of
+      the warrior, when he has an army, or the defence of a city under his care,
+      did not exert itself as much by mind as by body. Nay; see whether by
+      bodily strength it be possible to learn or divine the intentions of the
+      enemy, his plans, stratagems, or obstacles, or to ward off impending
+      mischief; for all these are the work of the mind, and in them the body has
+      no share whatever. Since, therefore, arms have need of the mind, as much
+      as letters, let us see now which of the two minds, that of the man of
+      letters or that of the warrior, has most to do; and this will be seen by
+      the end and goal that each seeks to attain; for that purpose is the more
+      estimable which has for its aim the nobler object. The end and goal of
+      letters&mdash;I am not speaking now of divine letters, the aim of which is
+      to raise and direct the soul to Heaven; for with an end so infinite no
+      other can be compared&mdash;I speak of human letters, the end of which is
+      to establish distributive justice, give to every man that which is his,
+      and see and take care that good laws are observed: an end undoubtedly
+      noble, lofty, and deserving of high praise, but not such as should be
+      given to that sought by arms, which have for their end and object peace,
+      the greatest boon that men can desire in this life. The first good news
+      the world and mankind received was that which the angels announced on the
+      night that was our day, when they sang in the air, 'Glory to God in the
+      highest, and peace on earth to men of good-will;' and the salutation which
+      the great Master of heaven and earth taught his disciples and chosen
+      followers when they entered any house, was to say, 'Peace be on this
+      house;' and many other times he said to them, 'My peace I give unto you,
+      my peace I leave you, peace be with you;' a jewel and a precious gift
+      given and left by such a hand: a jewel without which there can be no
+      happiness either on earth or in heaven. This peace is the true end of war;
+      and war is only another name for arms. This, then, being admitted, that
+      the end of war is peace, and that so far it has the advantage of the end
+      of letters, let us turn to the bodily labours of the man of letters, and
+      those of him who follows the profession of arms, and see which are the
+      greater."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote delivered his discourse in such a manner and in such correct
+      language, that for the time being he made it impossible for any of his
+      hearers to consider him a madman; on the contrary, as they were mostly
+      gentlemen, to whom arms are an appurtenance by birth, they listened to him
+      with great pleasure as he continued: "Here, then, I say is what the
+      student has to undergo; first of all poverty: not that all are poor, but
+      to put the case as strongly as possible: and when I have said that he
+      endures poverty, I think nothing more need be said about his hard fortune,
+      for he who is poor has no share of the good things of life. This poverty
+      he suffers from in various ways, hunger, or cold, or nakedness, or all
+      together; but for all that it is not so extreme but that he gets something
+      to eat, though it may be at somewhat unseasonable hours and from the
+      leavings of the rich; for the greatest misery of the student is what they
+      themselves call 'going out for soup,' and there is always some neighbour's
+      brazier or hearth for them, which, if it does not warm, at least tempers
+      the cold to them, and lastly, they sleep comfortably at night under a
+      roof. I will not go into other particulars, as for example want of shirts,
+      and no superabundance of shoes, thin and threadbare garments, and gorging
+      themselves to surfeit in their voracity when good luck has treated them to
+      a banquet of some sort. By this road that I have described, rough and
+      hard, stumbling here, falling there, getting up again to fall again, they
+      reach the rank they desire, and that once attained, we have seen many who
+      have passed these Syrtes and Scyllas and Charybdises, as if borne flying
+      on the wings of favouring fortune; we have seen them, I say, ruling and
+      governing the world from a chair, their hunger turned into satiety, their
+      cold into comfort, their nakedness into fine raiment, their sleep on a mat
+      into repose in holland and damask, the justly earned reward of their
+      virtue; but, contrasted and compared with what the warrior undergoes, all
+      they have undergone falls far short of it, as I am now about to show."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c37e" id="c37e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c37e.jpg (13K)" src="images/c37e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch38" id="ch38"></a>CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE CURIOUS DISCOURSE DON QUIXOTE DELIVERED ON ARMS AND
+      LETTERS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c38a" id="c38a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c38a.jpg (180K)" src="images/c38a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c38a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Continuing his discourse Don Quixote said: "As we began in the student's
+      case with poverty and its accompaniments, let us see now if the soldier is
+      richer, and we shall find that in poverty itself there is no one poorer;
+      for he is dependent on his miserable pay, which comes late or never, or
+      else on what he can plunder, seriously imperilling his life and
+      conscience; and sometimes his nakedness will be so great that a slashed
+      doublet serves him for uniform and shirt, and in the depth of winter he
+      has to defend himself against the inclemency of the weather in the open
+      field with nothing better than the breath of his mouth, which I need not
+      say, coming from an empty place, must come out cold, contrary to the laws
+      of nature. To be sure he looks forward to the approach of night to make up
+      for all these discomforts on the bed that awaits him, which, unless by
+      some fault of his, never sins by being over narrow, for he can easily
+      measure out on the ground as he likes, and roll himself about in it to his
+      heart's content without any fear of the sheets slipping away from him.
+      Then, after all this, suppose the day and hour for taking his degree in
+      his calling to have come; suppose the day of battle to have arrived, when
+      they invest him with the doctor's cap made of lint, to mend some
+      bullet-hole, perhaps, that has gone through his temples, or left him with
+      a crippled arm or leg. Or if this does not happen, and merciful Heaven
+      watches over him and keeps him safe and sound, it may be he will be in the
+      same poverty he was in before, and he must go through more engagements and
+      more battles, and come victorious out of all before he betters himself;
+      but miracles of that sort are seldom seen. For tell me, sirs, if you have
+      ever reflected upon it, by how much do those who have gained by war fall
+      short of the number of those who have perished in it? No doubt you will
+      reply that there can be no comparison, that the dead cannot be numbered,
+      while the living who have been rewarded may be summed up with three
+      figures. All which is the reverse in the case of men of letters; for by
+      skirts, to say nothing of sleeves, they all find means of support; so that
+      though the soldier has more to endure, his reward is much less. But
+      against all this it may be urged that it is easier to reward two thousand
+      soldiers, for the former may be remunerated by giving them places, which
+      must perforce be conferred upon men of their calling, while the latter can
+      only be recompensed out of the very property of the master they serve; but
+      this impossibility only strengthens my argument.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Putting this, however, aside, for it is a puzzling question for which it
+      is difficult to find a solution, let us return to the superiority of arms
+      over letters, a matter still undecided, so many are the arguments put
+      forward on each side; for besides those I have mentioned, letters say that
+      without them arms cannot maintain themselves, for war, too, has its laws
+      and is governed by them, and laws belong to the domain of letters and men
+      of letters. To this arms make answer that without them laws cannot be
+      maintained, for by arms states are defended, kingdoms preserved, cities
+      protected, roads made safe, seas cleared of pirates; and, in short, if it
+      were not for them, states, kingdoms, monarchies, cities, ways by sea and
+      land would be exposed to the violence and confusion which war brings with
+      it, so long as it lasts and is free to make use of its privileges and
+      powers. And then it is plain that whatever costs most is valued and
+      deserves to be valued most. To attain to eminence in letters costs a man
+      time, watching, hunger, nakedness, headaches, indigestions, and other
+      things of the sort, some of which I have already referred to. But for a
+      man to come in the ordinary course of things to be a good soldier costs
+      him all the student suffers, and in an incomparably higher degree, for at
+      every step he runs the risk of losing his life. For what dread of want or
+      poverty that can reach or harass the student can compare with what the
+      soldier feels, who finds himself beleaguered in some stronghold mounting
+      guard in some ravelin or cavalier, knows that the enemy is pushing a mine
+      towards the post where he is stationed, and cannot under any circumstances
+      retire or fly from the imminent danger that threatens him? All he can do
+      is to inform his captain of what is going on so that he may try to remedy
+      it by a counter-mine, and then stand his ground in fear and expectation of
+      the moment when he will fly up to the clouds without wings and descend
+      into the deep against his will. And if this seems a trifling risk, let us
+      see whether it is equalled or surpassed by the encounter of two galleys
+      stem to stem, in the midst of the open sea, locked and entangled one with
+      the other, when the soldier has no more standing room than two feet of the
+      plank of the spur; and yet, though he sees before him threatening him as
+      many ministers of death as there are cannon of the foe pointed at him, not
+      a lance length from his body, and sees too that with the first heedless
+      step he will go down to visit the profundities of Neptune's bosom, still
+      with dauntless heart, urged on by honour that nerves him, he makes himself
+      a target for all that musketry, and struggles to cross that narrow path to
+      the enemy's ship. And what is still more marvellous, no sooner has one
+      gone down into the depths he will never rise from till the end of the
+      world, than another takes his place; and if he too falls into the sea that
+      waits for him like an enemy, another and another will succeed him without
+      a moment's pause between their deaths: courage and daring the greatest
+      that all the chances of war can show. Happy the blest ages that knew not
+      the dread fury of those devilish engines of artillery, whose inventor I am
+      persuaded is in hell receiving the reward of his diabolical invention, by
+      which he made it easy for a base and cowardly arm to take the life of a
+      gallant gentleman; and that, when he knows not how or whence, in the
+      height of the ardour and enthusiasm that fire and animate brave hearts,
+      there should come some random bullet, discharged perhaps by one who fled
+      in terror at the flash when he fired off his accursed machine, which in an
+      instant puts an end to the projects and cuts off the life of one who
+      deserved to live for ages to come. And thus when I reflect on this, I am
+      almost tempted to say that in my heart I repent of having adopted this
+      profession of knight-errant in so detestable an age as we live in now; for
+      though no peril can make me fear, still it gives me some uneasiness to
+      think that powder and lead may rob me of the opportunity of making myself
+      famous and renowned throughout the known earth by the might of my arm and
+      the edge of my sword. But Heaven's will be done; if I succeed in my
+      attempt I shall be all the more honoured, as I have faced greater dangers
+      than the knights-errant of yore exposed themselves to."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this lengthy discourse Don Quixote delivered while the others supped,
+      forgetting to raise a morsel to his lips, though Sancho more than once
+      told him to eat his supper, as he would have time enough afterwards to say
+      all he wanted. It excited fresh pity in those who had heard him to see a
+      man of apparently sound sense, and with rational views on every subject he
+      discussed, so hopelessly wanting in all, when his wretched unlucky
+      chivalry was in question. The curate told him he was quite right in all he
+      had said in favour of arms, and that he himself, though a man of letters
+      and a graduate, was of the same opinion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They finished their supper, the cloth was removed, and while the hostess,
+      her daughter, and Maritornes were getting Don Quixote of La Mancha's
+      garret ready, in which it was arranged that the women were to be quartered
+      by themselves for the night, Don Fernando begged the captive to tell them
+      the story of his life, for it could not fail to be strange and
+      interesting, to judge by the hints he had let fall on his arrival in
+      company with Zoraida. To this the captive replied that he would very
+      willingly yield to his request, only he feared his tale would not give
+      them as much pleasure as he wished; nevertheless, not to be wanting in
+      compliance, he would tell it. The curate and the others thanked him and
+      added their entreaties, and he finding himself so pressed said there was
+      no occasion ask, where a command had such weight, and added, "If your
+      worships will give me your attention you will hear a true story which,
+      perhaps, fictitious ones constructed with ingenious and studied art cannot
+      come up to." These words made them settle themselves in their places and
+      preserve a deep silence, and he seeing them waiting on his words in mute
+      expectation, began thus in a pleasant quiet voice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c38e" id="c38e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c38e.jpg (18K)" src="images/c38e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch39" id="ch39"></a>CHAPTER XXXIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHEREIN THE CAPTIVE RELATES HIS LIFE AND ADVENTURES
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c39a" id="c39a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c39a.jpg (137K)" src="images/c39a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c39a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      My family had its origin in a village in the mountains of Leon, and nature
+      had been kinder and more generous to it than fortune; though in the
+      general poverty of those communities my father passed for being even a
+      rich man; and he would have been so in reality had he been as clever in
+      preserving his property as he was in spending it. This tendency of his to
+      be liberal and profuse he had acquired from having been a soldier in his
+      youth, for the soldier's life is a school in which the niggard becomes
+      free-handed and the free-handed prodigal; and if any soldiers are to be
+      found who are misers, they are monsters of rare occurrence. My father went
+      beyond liberality and bordered on prodigality, a disposition by no means
+      advantageous to a married man who has children to succeed to his name and
+      position. My father had three, all sons, and all of sufficient age to make
+      choice of a profession. Finding, then, that he was unable to resist his
+      propensity, he resolved to divest himself of the instrument and cause of
+      his prodigality and lavishness, to divest himself of wealth, without which
+      Alexander himself would have seemed parsimonious; and so calling us all
+      three aside one day into a room, he addressed us in words somewhat to the
+      following effect:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My sons, to assure you that I love you, no more need be known or said
+      than that you are my sons; and to encourage a suspicion that I do not love
+      you, no more is needed than the knowledge that I have no self-control as
+      far as preservation of your patrimony is concerned; therefore, that you
+      may for the future feel sure that I love you like a father, and have no
+      wish to ruin you like a stepfather, I propose to do with you what I have
+      for some time back meditated, and after mature deliberation decided upon.
+      You are now of an age to choose your line of life or at least make choice
+      of a calling that will bring you honour and profit when you are older; and
+      what I have resolved to do is to divide my property into four parts; three
+      I will give to you, to each his portion without making any difference, and
+      the other I will retain to live upon and support myself for whatever
+      remainder of life Heaven may be pleased to grant me. But I wish each of
+      you on taking possession of the share that falls to him to follow one of
+      the paths I shall indicate. In this Spain of ours there is a proverb, to
+      my mind very true&mdash;as they all are, being short aphorisms drawn from
+      long practical experience&mdash;and the one I refer to says, 'The church,
+      or the sea, or the king's house;' as much as to say, in plainer language,
+      whoever wants to flourish and become rich, let him follow the church, or
+      go to sea, adopting commerce as his calling, or go into the king's service
+      in his household, for they say, 'Better a king's crumb than a lord's
+      favour.' I say so because it is my will and pleasure that one of you
+      should follow letters, another trade, and the third serve the king in the
+      wars, for it is a difficult matter to gain admission to his service in his
+      household, and if war does not bring much wealth it confers great
+      distinction and fame. Eight days hence I will give you your full shares in
+      money, without defrauding you of a farthing, as you will see in the end.
+      Now tell me if you are willing to follow out my idea and advice as I have
+      laid it before you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having called upon me as the eldest to answer, I, after urging him not to
+      strip himself of his property but to spend it all as he pleased, for we
+      were young men able to gain our living, consented to comply with his
+      wishes, and said that mine were to follow the profession of arms and
+      thereby serve God and my king. My second brother having made the same
+      proposal, decided upon going to the Indies, embarking the portion that
+      fell to him in trade. The youngest, and in my opinion the wisest, said he
+      would rather follow the church, or go to complete his studies at
+      Salamanca. As soon as we had come to an understanding, and made choice of
+      our professions, my father embraced us all, and in the short time he
+      mentioned carried into effect all he had promised; and when he had given
+      to each his share, which as well as I remember was three thousand ducats
+      apiece in cash (for an uncle of ours bought the estate and paid for it
+      down, not to let it go out of the family), we all three on the same day
+      took leave of our good father; and at the same time, as it seemed to me
+      inhuman to leave my father with such scanty means in his old age, I
+      induced him to take two of my three thousand ducats, as the remainder
+      would be enough to provide me with all a soldier needed. My two brothers,
+      moved by my example, gave him each a thousand ducats, so that there was
+      left for my father four thousand ducats in money, besides three thousand,
+      the value of the portion that fell to him which he preferred to retain in
+      land instead of selling it. Finally, as I said, we took leave of him, and
+      of our uncle whom I have mentioned, not without sorrow and tears on both
+      sides, they charging us to let them know whenever an opportunity offered
+      how we fared, whether well or ill. We promised to do so, and when he had
+      embraced us and given us his blessing, one set out for Salamanca, the
+      other for Seville, and I for Alicante, where I had heard there was a
+      Genoese vessel taking in a cargo of wool for Genoa.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is now some twenty-two years since I left my father's house, and all
+      that time, though I have written several letters, I have had no news
+      whatever of him or of my brothers; my own adventures during that period I
+      will now relate briefly. I embarked at Alicante, reached Genoa after a
+      prosperous voyage, and proceeded thence to Milan, where I provided myself
+      with arms and a few soldier's accoutrements; thence it was my intention to
+      go and take service in Piedmont, but as I was already on the road to
+      Alessandria della Paglia, I learned that the great Duke of Alva was on his
+      way to Flanders. I changed my plans, joined him, served under him in the
+      campaigns he made, was present at the deaths of the Counts Egmont and
+      Horn, and was promoted to be ensign under a famous captain of Guadalajara,
+      Diego de Urbina by name. Some time after my arrival in Flanders news came
+      of the league that his Holiness Pope Pius V of happy memory, had made with
+      Venice and Spain against the common enemy, the Turk, who had just then
+      with his fleet taken the famous island of Cyprus, which belonged to the
+      Venetians, a loss deplorable and disastrous. It was known as a fact that
+      the Most Serene Don John of Austria, natural brother of our good king Don
+      Philip, was coming as commander-in-chief of the allied forces, and rumours
+      were abroad of the vast warlike preparations which were being made, all
+      which stirred my heart and filled me with a longing to take part in the
+      campaign which was expected; and though I had reason to believe, and
+      almost certain promises, that on the first opportunity that presented
+      itself I should be promoted to be captain, I preferred to leave all and
+      betake myself, as I did, to Italy; and it was my good fortune that Don
+      John had just arrived at Genoa, and was going on to Naples to join the
+      Venetian fleet, as he afterwards did at Messina. I may say, in short, that
+      I took part in that glorious expedition, promoted by this time to be a
+      captain of infantry, to which honourable charge my good luck rather than
+      my merits raised me; and that day&mdash;so fortunate for Christendom,
+      because then all the nations of the earth were disabused of the error
+      under which they lay in imagining the Turks to be invincible on sea-on
+      that day, I say, on which the Ottoman pride and arrogance were broken,
+      among all that were there made happy (for the Christians who died that day
+      were happier than those who remained alive and victorious) I alone was
+      miserable; for, instead of some naval crown that I might have expected had
+      it been in Roman times, on the night that followed that famous day I found
+      myself with fetters on my feet and manacles on my hands.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It happened in this way: El Uchali, the king of Algiers, a daring and
+      successful corsair, having attacked and taken the leading Maltese galley
+      (only three knights being left alive in it, and they badly wounded), the
+      chief galley of John Andrea, on board of which I and my company were
+      placed, came to its relief, and doing as was bound to do in such a case, I
+      leaped on board the enemy's galley, which, sheering off from that which
+      had attacked it, prevented my men from following me, and so I found myself
+      alone in the midst of my enemies, who were in such numbers that I was
+      unable to resist; in short I was taken, covered with wounds; El Uchali, as
+      you know, sirs, made his escape with his entire squadron, and I was left a
+      prisoner in his power, the only sad being among so many filled with joy,
+      and the only captive among so many free; for there were fifteen thousand
+      Christians, all at the oar in the Turkish fleet, that regained their
+      longed-for liberty that day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They carried me to Constantinople, where the Grand Turk, Selim, made my
+      master general at sea for having done his duty in the battle and carried
+      off as evidence of his bravery the standard of the Order of Malta. The
+      following year, which was the year seventy-two, I found myself at Navarino
+      rowing in the leading galley with the three lanterns. There I saw and
+      observed how the opportunity of capturing the whole Turkish fleet in
+      harbour was lost; for all the marines and janizzaries that belonged to it
+      made sure that they were about to be attacked inside the very harbour, and
+      had their kits and pasamaques, or shoes, ready to flee at once on shore
+      without waiting to be assailed, in so great fear did they stand of our
+      fleet. But Heaven ordered it otherwise, not for any fault or neglect of
+      the general who commanded on our side, but for the sins of Christendom,
+      and because it was God's will and pleasure that we should always have
+      instruments of punishment to chastise us. As it was, El Uchali took refuge
+      at Modon, which is an island near Navarino, and landing forces fortified
+      the mouth of the harbour and waited quietly until Don John retired. On
+      this expedition was taken the galley called the Prize, whose captain was a
+      son of the famous corsair Barbarossa. It was taken by the chief Neapolitan
+      galley called the She-wolf, commanded by that thunderbolt of war, that
+      father of his men, that successful and unconquered captain Don Alvaro de
+      Bazan, Marquis of Santa Cruz; and I cannot help telling you what took
+      place at the capture of the Prize.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The son of Barbarossa was so cruel, and treated his slaves so badly, that,
+      when those who were at the oars saw that the She-wolf galley was bearing
+      down upon them and gaining upon them, they all at once dropped their oars
+      and seized their captain who stood on the stage at the end of the gangway
+      shouting to them to row lustily; and passing him on from bench to bench,
+      from the poop to the prow, they so bit him that before he had got much
+      past the mast his soul had already got to hell; so great, as I said, was
+      the cruelty with which he treated them, and the hatred with which they
+      hated him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We returned to Constantinople, and the following year, seventy-three, it
+      became known that Don John had seized Tunis and taken the kingdom from the
+      Turks, and placed Muley Hamet in possession, putting an end to the hopes
+      which Muley Hamida, the cruelest and bravest Moor in the world,
+      entertained of returning to reign there. The Grand Turk took the loss
+      greatly to heart, and with the cunning which all his race possess, he made
+      peace with the Venetians (who were much more eager for it than he was),
+      and the following year, seventy-four, he attacked the Goletta and the fort
+      which Don John had left half built near Tunis. While all these events were
+      occurring, I was labouring at the oar without any hope of freedom; at
+      least I had no hope of obtaining it by ransom, for I was firmly resolved
+      not to write to my father telling him of my misfortunes. At length the
+      Goletta fell, and the fort fell, before which places there were
+      seventy-five thousand regular Turkish soldiers, and more than four hundred
+      thousand Moors and Arabs from all parts of Africa, and in the train of all
+      this great host such munitions and engines of war, and so many pioneers
+      that with their hands they might have covered the Goletta and the fort
+      with handfuls of earth. The first to fall was the Goletta, until then
+      reckoned impregnable, and it fell, not by any fault of its defenders, who
+      did all that they could and should have done, but because experiment
+      proved how easily entrenchments could be made in the desert sand there;
+      for water used to be found at two palms depth, while the Turks found none
+      at two yards; and so by means of a quantity of sandbags they raised their
+      works so high that they commanded the walls of the fort, sweeping them as
+      if from a cavalier, so that no one was able to make a stand or maintain
+      the defence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a common opinion that our men should not have shut themselves up in
+      the Goletta, but should have waited in the open at the landing-place; but
+      those who say so talk at random and with little knowledge of such matters;
+      for if in the Goletta and in the fort there were barely seven thousand
+      soldiers, how could such a small number, however resolute, sally out and
+      hold their own against numbers like those of the enemy? And how is it
+      possible to help losing a stronghold that is not relieved, above all when
+      surrounded by a host of determined enemies in their own country? But many
+      thought, and I thought so too, that it was special favour and mercy which
+      Heaven showed to Spain in permitting the destruction of that source and
+      hiding place of mischief, that devourer, sponge, and moth of countless
+      money, fruitlessly wasted there to no other purpose save preserving the
+      memory of its capture by the invincible Charles V; as if to make that
+      eternal, as it is and will be, these stones were needed to support it. The
+      fort also fell; but the Turks had to win it inch by inch, for the soldiers
+      who defended it fought so gallantly and stoutly that the number of the
+      enemy killed in twenty-two general assaults exceeded twenty-five thousand.
+      Of three hundred that remained alive not one was taken unwounded, a clear
+      and manifest proof of their gallantry and resolution, and how sturdily
+      they had defended themselves and held their post. A small fort or tower
+      which was in the middle of the lagoon under the command of Don Juan
+      Zanoguera, a Valencian gentleman and a famous soldier, capitulated upon
+      terms. They took prisoner Don Pedro Puertocarrero, commandant of the
+      Goletta, who had done all in his power to defend his fortress, and took
+      the loss of it so much to heart that he died of grief on the way to
+      Constantinople, where they were carrying him a prisoner. They also took
+      the commandant of the fort, Gabrio Cerbellon by name, a Milanese
+      gentleman, a great engineer and a very brave soldier. In these two
+      fortresses perished many persons of note, among whom was Pagano Doria,
+      knight of the Order of St. John, a man of generous disposition, as was
+      shown by his extreme liberality to his brother, the famous John Andrea
+      Doria; and what made his death the more sad was that he was slain by some
+      Arabs to whom, seeing that the fort was now lost, he entrusted himself,
+      and who offered to conduct him in the disguise of a Moor to Tabarca, a
+      small fort or station on the coast held by the Genoese employed in the
+      coral fishery. These Arabs cut off his head and carried it to the
+      commander of the Turkish fleet, who proved on them the truth of our
+      Castilian proverb, that "though the treason may please, the traitor is
+      hated;" for they say he ordered those who brought him the present to be
+      hanged for not having brought him alive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c39b" id="c39b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c39b.jpg (371K)" src="images/c39b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c39b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the Christians who were taken in the fort was one named Don Pedro de
+      Aguilar, a native of some place, I know not what, in Andalusia, who had
+      been ensign in the fort, a soldier of great repute and rare intelligence,
+      who had in particular a special gift for what they call poetry. I say so
+      because his fate brought him to my galley and to my bench, and made him a
+      slave to the same master; and before we left the port this gentleman
+      composed two sonnets by way of epitaphs, one on the Goletta and the other
+      on the fort; indeed, I may as well repeat them, for I have them by heart,
+      and I think they will be liked rather than disliked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The instant the captive mentioned the name of Don Pedro de Aguilar, Don
+      Fernando looked at his companions and they all three smiled; and when he
+      came to speak of the sonnets one of them said, "Before your worship
+      proceeds any further I entreat you to tell me what became of that Don
+      Pedro de Aguilar you have spoken of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All I know is," replied the captive, "that after having been in
+      Constantinople two years, he escaped in the disguise of an Arnaut, in
+      company with a Greek spy; but whether he regained his liberty or not I
+      cannot tell, though I fancy he did, because a year afterwards I saw the
+      Greek at Constantinople, though I was unable to ask him what the result of
+      the journey was."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then, you are right," returned the gentleman, "for that Don Pedro is
+      my brother, and he is now in our village in good health, rich, married,
+      and with three children."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thanks be to God for all the mercies he has shown him," said the captive;
+      "for to my mind there is no happiness on earth to compare with recovering
+      lost liberty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And what is more," said the gentleman, "I know the sonnets my brother
+      made."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then let your worship repeat them," said the captive, "for you will
+      recite them better than I can."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With all my heart," said the gentleman; "that on the Goletta runs thus."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c39e" id="c39e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c39e.jpg (38K)" src="images/c39e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch40" id="ch40"></a>CHAPTER XL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH THE STORY OF THE CAPTIVE IS CONTINUED.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c40a" id="c40a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c40a.jpg (131K)" src="images/c40a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c40a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+"Blest souls, that, from this mortal husk set free,
+  In guerdon of brave deeds beatified,
+  Above this lowly orb of ours abide
+Made heirs of heaven and immortality,
+With noble rage and ardour glowing ye
+  Your strength, while strength was yours, in battle plied,
+  And with your own blood and the foeman's dyed
+The sandy soil and the encircling sea.
+It was the ebbing life-blood first that failed
+The weary arms; the stout hearts never quailed.
+  Though vanquished, yet ye earned the victor's crown:
+Though mourned, yet still triumphant was your fall
+For there ye won, between the sword and wall,
+  In Heaven glory and on earth renown."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "That is it exactly, according to my recollection," said the captive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then, that on the fort," said the gentleman, "if my memory serves
+      me, goes thus:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+SONNET
+
+"Up from this wasted soil, this shattered shell,
+  Whose walls and towers here in ruin lie,
+  Three thousand soldier souls took wing on high,
+In the bright mansions of the blest to dwell.
+The onslaught of the foeman to repel
+  By might of arm all vainly did they try,
+  And when at length 'twas left them but to die,
+Wearied and few the last defenders fell.
+And this same arid soil hath ever been
+A haunt of countless mournful memories,
+  As well in our day as in days of yore.
+But never yet to Heaven it sent, I ween,
+From its hard bosom purer souls than these,
+  Or braver bodies on its surface bore."
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The sonnets were not disliked, and the captive was rejoiced at the tidings
+      they gave him of his comrade, and continuing his tale, he went on to say:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Goletta and the fort being thus in their hands, the Turks gave orders
+      to dismantle the Goletta&mdash;for the fort was reduced to such a state
+      that there was nothing left to level&mdash;and to do the work more quickly
+      and easily they mined it in three places; but nowhere were they able to
+      blow up the part which seemed to be the least strong, that is to say, the
+      old walls, while all that remained standing of the new fortifications that
+      the Fratin had made came to the ground with the greatest ease. Finally the
+      fleet returned victorious and triumphant to Constantinople, and a few
+      months later died my master, El Uchali, otherwise Uchali Fartax, which
+      means in Turkish "the scabby renegade;" for that he was; it is the
+      practice with the Turks to name people from some defect or virtue they may
+      possess; the reason being that there are among them only four surnames
+      belonging to families tracing their descent from the Ottoman house, and
+      the others, as I have said, take their names and surnames either from
+      bodily blemishes or moral qualities. This "scabby one" rowed at the oar as
+      a slave of the Grand Signor's for fourteen years, and when over
+      thirty-four years of age, in resentment at having been struck by a Turk
+      while at the oar, turned renegade and renounced his faith in order to be
+      able to revenge himself; and such was his valour that, without owing his
+      advancement to the base ways and means by which most favourites of the
+      Grand Signor rise to power, he came to be king of Algiers, and afterwards
+      general-on-sea, which is the third place of trust in the realm. He was a
+      Calabrian by birth, and a worthy man morally, and he treated his slaves
+      with great humanity. He had three thousand of them, and after his death
+      they were divided, as he directed by his will, between the Grand Signor
+      (who is heir of all who die and shares with the children of the deceased)
+      and his renegades. I fell to the lot of a Venetian renegade who, when a
+      cabin boy on board a ship, had been taken by Uchali and was so much
+      beloved by him that he became one of his most favoured youths. He came to
+      be the most cruel renegade I ever saw: his name was Hassan Aga, and he
+      grew very rich and became king of Algiers. With him I went there from
+      Constantinople, rather glad to be so near Spain, not that I intended to
+      write to anyone about my unhappy lot, but to try if fortune would be
+      kinder to me in Algiers than in Constantinople, where I had attempted in a
+      thousand ways to escape without ever finding a favourable time or chance;
+      but in Algiers I resolved to seek for other means of effecting the purpose
+      I cherished so dearly; for the hope of obtaining my liberty never deserted
+      me; and when in my plots and schemes and attempts the result did not
+      answer my expectations, without giving way to despair I immediately began
+      to look out for or conjure up some new hope to support me, however faint
+      or feeble it might be.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this way I lived on immured in a building or prison called by the Turks
+      a bano in which they confine the Christian captives, as well those that
+      are the king's as those belonging to private individuals, and also what
+      they call those of the Almacen, which is as much as to say the slaves of
+      the municipality, who serve the city in the public works and other
+      employments; but captives of this kind recover their liberty with great
+      difficulty, for, as they are public property and have no particular
+      master, there is no one with whom to treat for their ransom, even though
+      they may have the means. To these banos, as I have said, some private
+      individuals of the town are in the habit of bringing their captives,
+      especially when they are to be ransomed; because there they can keep them
+      in safety and comfort until their ransom arrives. The king's captives
+      also, that are on ransom, do not go out to work with the rest of the crew,
+      unless when their ransom is delayed; for then, to make them write for it
+      more pressingly, they compel them to work and go for wood, which is no
+      light labour.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I, however, was one of those on ransom, for when it was discovered that I
+      was a captain, although I declared my scanty means and want of fortune,
+      nothing could dissuade them from including me among the gentlemen and
+      those waiting to be ransomed. They put a chain on me, more as a mark of
+      this than to keep me safe, and so I passed my life in that bano with
+      several other gentlemen and persons of quality marked out as held to
+      ransom; but though at times, or rather almost always, we suffered from
+      hunger and scanty clothing, nothing distressed us so much as hearing and
+      seeing at every turn the unexampled and unheard-of cruelties my master
+      inflicted upon the Christians. Every day he hanged a man, impaled one, cut
+      off the ears of another; and all with so little provocation, or so
+      entirely without any, that the Turks acknowledged he did it merely for the
+      sake of doing it, and because he was by nature murderously disposed
+      towards the whole human race. The only one that fared at all well with him
+      was a Spanish soldier, something de Saavedra by name, to whom he never
+      gave a blow himself, or ordered a blow to be given, or addressed a hard
+      word, although he had done things that will dwell in the memory of the
+      people there for many a year, and all to recover his liberty; and for the
+      least of the many things he did we all dreaded that he would be impaled,
+      and he himself was in fear of it more than once; and only that time does
+      not allow, I could tell you now something of what that soldier did, that
+      would interest and astonish you much more than the narration of my own
+      tale.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To go on with my story; the courtyard of our prison was overlooked by the
+      windows of the house belonging to a wealthy Moor of high position; and
+      these, as is usual in Moorish houses, were rather loopholes than windows,
+      and besides were covered with thick and close lattice-work. It so
+      happened, then, that as I was one day on the terrace of our prison with
+      three other comrades, trying, to pass away the time, how far we could leap
+      with our chains, we being alone, for all the other Christians had gone out
+      to work, I chanced to raise my eyes, and from one of these little closed
+      windows I saw a reed appear with a cloth attached to the end of it, and it
+      kept waving to and fro, and moving as if making signs to us to come and
+      take it. We watched it, and one of those who were with me went and stood
+      under the reed to see whether they would let it drop, or what they would
+      do, but as he did so the reed was raised and moved from side to side, as
+      if they meant to say "no" by a shake of the head. The Christian came back,
+      and it was again lowered, making the same movements as before. Another of
+      my comrades went, and with him the same happened as with the first, and
+      then the third went forward, but with the same result as the first and
+      second. Seeing this I did not like not to try my luck, and as soon as I
+      came under the reed it was dropped and fell inside the bano at my feet. I
+      hastened to untie the cloth, in which I perceived a knot, and in this were
+      ten cianis, which are coins of base gold, current among the Moors, and
+      each worth ten reals of our money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is needless to say I rejoiced over this godsend, and my joy was not
+      less than my wonder as I strove to imagine how this good fortune could
+      have come to us, but to me specially; for the evident unwillingness to
+      drop the reed for any but me showed that it was for me the favour was
+      intended. I took my welcome money, broke the reed, and returned to the
+      terrace, and looking up at the window, I saw a very white hand put out
+      that opened and shut very quickly. From this we gathered or fancied that
+      it must be some woman living in that house that had done us this kindness,
+      and to show that we were grateful for it, we made salaams after the
+      fashion of the Moors, bowing the head, bending the body, and crossing the
+      arms on the breast. Shortly afterwards at the same window a small cross
+      made of reeds was put out and immediately withdrawn. This sign led us to
+      believe that some Christian woman was a captive in the house, and that it
+      was she who had been so good to us; but the whiteness of the hand and the
+      bracelets we had perceived made us dismiss that idea, though we thought it
+      might be one of the Christian renegades whom their masters very often take
+      as lawful wives, and gladly, for they prefer them to the women of their
+      own nation. In all our conjectures we were wide of the truth; so from that
+      time forward our sole occupation was watching and gazing at the window
+      where the cross had appeared to us, as if it were our pole-star; but at
+      least fifteen days passed without our seeing either it or the hand, or any
+      other sign and though meanwhile we endeavoured with the utmost pains to
+      ascertain who it was that lived in the house, and whether there were any
+      Christian renegade in it, nobody could ever tell us anything more than
+      that he who lived there was a rich Moor of high position, Hadji Morato by
+      name, formerly alcaide of La Pata, an office of high dignity among them.
+      But when we least thought it was going to rain any more cianis from that
+      quarter, we saw the reed suddenly appear with another cloth tied in a
+      larger knot attached to it, and this at a time when, as on the former
+      occasion, the bano was deserted and unoccupied.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c40b" id="c40b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c40b.jpg (288K)" src="images/c40b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c40b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We made trial as before, each of the same three going forward before I
+      did; but the reed was delivered to none but me, and on my approach it was
+      let drop. I untied the knot and I found forty Spanish gold crowns with a
+      paper written in Arabic, and at the end of the writing there was a large
+      cross drawn. I kissed the cross, took the crowns and returned to the
+      terrace, and we all made our salaams; again the hand appeared, I made
+      signs that I would read the paper, and then the window was closed. We were
+      all puzzled, though filled with joy at what had taken place; and as none
+      of us understood Arabic, great was our curiosity to know what the paper
+      contained, and still greater the difficulty of finding some one to read
+      it. At last I resolved to confide in a renegade, a native of Murcia, who
+      professed a very great friendship for me, and had given pledges that bound
+      him to keep any secret I might entrust to him; for it is the custom with
+      some renegades, when they intend to return to Christian territory, to
+      carry about them certificates from captives of mark testifying, in
+      whatever form they can, that such and such a renegade is a worthy man who
+      has always shown kindness to Christians, and is anxious to escape on the
+      first opportunity that may present itself. Some obtain these testimonials
+      with good intentions, others put them to a cunning use; for when they go
+      to pillage on Christian territory, if they chance to be cast away, or
+      taken prisoners, they produce their certificates and say that from these
+      papers may be seen the object they came for, which was to remain on
+      Christian ground, and that it was to this end they joined the Turks in
+      their foray. In this way they escape the consequences of the first
+      outburst and make their peace with the Church before it does them any
+      harm, and then when they have the chance they return to Barbary to become
+      what they were before. Others, however, there are who procure these papers
+      and make use of them honestly, and remain on Christian soil. This friend
+      of mine, then, was one of these renegades that I have described; he had
+      certificates from all our comrades, in which we testified in his favour as
+      strongly as we could; and if the Moors had found the papers they would
+      have burned him alive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I knew that he understood Arabic very well, and could not only speak but
+      also write it; but before I disclosed the whole matter to him, I asked him
+      to read for me this paper which I had found by accident in a hole in my
+      cell. He opened it and remained some time examining it and muttering to
+      himself as he translated it. I asked him if he understood it, and he told
+      me he did perfectly well, and that if I wished him to tell me its meaning
+      word for word, I must give him pen and ink that he might do it more
+      satisfactorily. We at once gave him what he required, and he set about
+      translating it bit by bit, and when he had done he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that is here in Spanish is what the Moorish paper contains, and you
+      must bear in mind that when it says 'Lela Marien' it means 'Our Lady the
+      Virgin Mary.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We read the paper and it ran thus:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When I was a child my father had a slave who taught me to pray the
+      Christian prayer in my own language, and told me many things about Lela
+      Marien. The Christian died, and I know that she did not go to the fire,
+      but to Allah, because since then I have seen her twice, and she told me to
+      go to the land of the Christians to see Lela Marien, who had great love
+      for me. I know not how to go. I have seen many Christians, but except
+      thyself none has seemed to me to be a gentleman. I am young and beautiful,
+      and have plenty of money to take with me. See if thou canst contrive how
+      we may go, and if thou wilt thou shalt be my husband there, and if thou
+      wilt not it will not distress me, for Lela Marien will find me some one to
+      marry me. I myself have written this: have a care to whom thou givest it
+      to read: trust no Moor, for they are all perfidious. I am greatly troubled
+      on this account, for I would not have thee confide in anyone, because if
+      my father knew it he would at once fling me down a well and cover me with
+      stones. I will put a thread to the reed; tie the answer to it, and if thou
+      hast no one to write for thee in Arabic, tell it to me by signs, for Lela
+      Marien will make me understand thee. She and Allah and this cross, which I
+      often kiss as the captive bade me, protect thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Judge, sirs, whether we had reason for surprise and joy at the words of
+      this paper; and both one and the other were so great, that the renegade
+      perceived that the paper had not been found by chance, but had been in
+      reality addressed to some one of us, and he begged us, if what he
+      suspected were the truth, to trust him and tell him all, for he would risk
+      his life for our freedom; and so saying he took out from his breast a
+      metal crucifix, and with many tears swore by the God the image
+      represented, in whom, sinful and wicked as he was, he truly and faithfully
+      believed, to be loyal to us and keep secret whatever we chose to reveal to
+      him; for he thought and almost foresaw that by means of her who had
+      written that paper, he and all of us would obtain our liberty, and he
+      himself obtain the object he so much desired, his restoration to the bosom
+      of the Holy Mother Church, from which by his own sin and ignorance he was
+      now severed like a corrupt limb. The renegade said this with so many tears
+      and such signs of repentance, that with one consent we all agreed to tell
+      him the whole truth of the matter, and so we gave him a full account of
+      all, without hiding anything from him. We pointed out to him the window at
+      which the reed appeared, and he by that means took note of the house, and
+      resolved to ascertain with particular care who lived in it. We agreed also
+      that it would be advisable to answer the Moorish lady's letter, and the
+      renegade without a moment's delay took down the words I dictated to him,
+      which were exactly what I shall tell you, for nothing of importance that
+      took place in this affair has escaped my memory, or ever will while life
+      lasts. This, then, was the answer returned to the Moorish lady:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The true Allah protect thee, Lady, and that blessed Marien who is the
+      true mother of God, and who has put it into thy heart to go to the land of
+      the Christians, because she loves thee. Entreat her that she be pleased to
+      show thee how thou canst execute the command she gives thee, for she will,
+      such is her goodness. On my own part, and on that of all these Christians
+      who are with me, I promise to do all that we can for thee, even to death.
+      Fail not to write to me and inform me what thou dost mean to do, and I
+      will always answer thee; for the great Allah has given us a Christian
+      captive who can speak and write thy language well, as thou mayest see by
+      this paper; without fear, therefore, thou canst inform us of all thou
+      wouldst. As to what thou sayest, that if thou dost reach the land of the
+      Christians thou wilt be my wife, I give thee my promise upon it as a good
+      Christian; and know that the Christians keep their promises better than
+      the Moors. Allah and Marien his mother watch over thee, my Lady."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The paper being written and folded I waited two days until the bano was
+      empty as before, and immediately repaired to the usual walk on the terrace
+      to see if there were any sign of the reed, which was not long in making
+      its appearance. As soon as I saw it, although I could not distinguish who
+      put it out, I showed the paper as a sign to attach the thread, but it was
+      already fixed to the reed, and to it I tied the paper; and shortly
+      afterwards our star once more made its appearance with the white flag of
+      peace, the little bundle. It was dropped, and I picked it up, and found in
+      the cloth, in gold and silver coins of all sorts, more than fifty crowns,
+      which fifty times more strengthened our joy and doubled our hope of
+      gaining our liberty. That very night our renegade returned and said he had
+      learned that the Moor we had been told of lived in that house, that his
+      name was Hadji Morato, that he was enormously rich, that he had one only
+      daughter the heiress of all his wealth, and that it was the general
+      opinion throughout the city that she was the most beautiful woman in
+      Barbary, and that several of the viceroys who came there had sought her
+      for a wife, but that she had been always unwilling to marry; and he had
+      learned, moreover, that she had a Christian slave who was now dead; all
+      which agreed with the contents of the paper. We immediately took counsel
+      with the renegade as to what means would have to be adopted in order to
+      carry off the Moorish lady and bring us all to Christian territory; and in
+      the end it was agreed that for the present we should wait for a second
+      communication from Zoraida (for that was the name of her who now desires
+      to be called Maria), because we saw clearly that she and no one else could
+      find a way out of all these difficulties. When we had decided upon this
+      the renegade told us not to be uneasy, for he would lose his life or
+      restore us to liberty. For four days the bano was filled with people, for
+      which reason the reed delayed its appearance for four days, but at the end
+      of that time, when the bano was, as it generally was, empty, it appeared
+      with the cloth so bulky that it promised a happy birth. Reed and cloth
+      came down to me, and I found another paper and a hundred crowns in gold,
+      without any other coin. The renegade was present, and in our cell we gave
+      him the paper to read, which was to this effect:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I cannot think of a plan, senor, for our going to Spain, nor has Lela
+      Marien shown me one, though I have asked her. All that can be done is for
+      me to give you plenty of money in gold from this window. With it ransom
+      yourself and your friends, and let one of you go to the land of the
+      Christians, and there buy a vessel and come back for the others; and he
+      will find me in my father's garden, which is at the Babazon gate near the
+      seashore, where I shall be all this summer with my father and my servants.
+      You can carry me away from there by night without any danger, and bring me
+      to the vessel. And remember thou art to be my husband, else I will pray to
+      Marien to punish thee. If thou canst not trust anyone to go for the
+      vessel, ransom thyself and do thou go, for I know thou wilt return more
+      surely than any other, as thou art a gentleman and a Christian. Endeavour
+      to make thyself acquainted with the garden; and when I see thee walking
+      yonder I shall know that the bano is empty and I will give thee abundance
+      of money. Allah protect thee, senor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were the words and contents of the second paper, and on hearing
+      them, each declared himself willing to be the ransomed one, and promised
+      to go and return with scrupulous good faith; and I too made the same
+      offer; but to all this the renegade objected, saying that he would not on
+      any account consent to one being set free before all went together, as
+      experience had taught him how ill those who have been set free keep
+      promises which they made in captivity; for captives of distinction
+      frequently had recourse to this plan, paying the ransom of one who was to
+      go to Valencia or Majorca with money to enable him to arm a bark and
+      return for the others who had ransomed him, but who never came back; for
+      recovered liberty and the dread of losing it again efface from the memory
+      all the obligations in the world. And to prove the truth of what he said,
+      he told us briefly what had happened to a certain Christian gentleman
+      almost at that very time, the strangest case that had ever occurred even
+      there, where astonishing and marvellous things are happening every
+      instant. In short, he ended by saying that what could and ought to be done
+      was to give the money intended for the ransom of one of us Christians to
+      him, so that he might with it buy a vessel there in Algiers under the
+      pretence of becoming a merchant and trader at Tetuan and along the coast;
+      and when master of the vessel, it would be easy for him to hit on some way
+      of getting us all out of the bano and putting us on board; especially if
+      the Moorish lady gave, as she said, money enough to ransom all, because
+      once free it would be the easiest thing in the world for us to embark even
+      in open day; but the greatest difficulty was that the Moors do not allow
+      any renegade to buy or own any craft, unless it be a large vessel for
+      going on roving expeditions, because they are afraid that anyone who buys
+      a small vessel, especially if he be a Spaniard, only wants it for the
+      purpose of escaping to Christian territory. This however he could get over
+      by arranging with a Tagarin Moor to go shares with him in the purchase of
+      the vessel, and in the profit on the cargo; and under cover of this he
+      could become master of the vessel, in which case he looked upon all the
+      rest as accomplished. But though to me and my comrades it had seemed a
+      better plan to send to Majorca for the vessel, as the Moorish lady
+      suggested, we did not dare to oppose him, fearing that if we did not do as
+      he said he would denounce us, and place us in danger of losing all our
+      lives if he were to disclose our dealings with Zoraida, for whose life we
+      would have all given our own. We therefore resolved to put ourselves in
+      the hands of God and in the renegade's; and at the same time an answer was
+      given to Zoraida, telling her that we would do all she recommended, for
+      she had given as good advice as if Lela Marien had delivered it, and that
+      it depended on her alone whether we were to defer the business or put it
+      in execution at once. I renewed my promise to be her husband; and thus the
+      next day that the bano chanced to be empty she at different times gave us
+      by means of the reed and cloth two thousand gold crowns and a paper in
+      which she said that the next Juma, that is to say Friday, she was going to
+      her father's garden, but that before she went she would give us more
+      money; and if it were not enough we were to let her know, as she would
+      give us as much as we asked, for her father had so much he would not miss
+      it, and besides she kept all the keys.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We at once gave the renegade five hundred crowns to buy the vessel, and
+      with eight hundred I ransomed myself, giving the money to a Valencian
+      merchant who happened to be in Algiers at the time, and who had me
+      released on his word, pledging it that on the arrival of the first ship
+      from Valencia he would pay my ransom; for if he had given the money at
+      once it would have made the king suspect that my ransom money had been for
+      a long time in Algiers, and that the merchant had for his own advantage
+      kept it secret. In fact my master was so difficult to deal with that I
+      dared not on any account pay down the money at once. The Thursday before
+      the Friday on which the fair Zoraida was to go to the garden she gave us a
+      thousand crowns more, and warned us of her departure, begging me, if I
+      were ransomed, to find out her father's garden at once, and by all means
+      to seek an opportunity of going there to see her. I answered in a few
+      words that I would do so, and that she must remember to commend us to Lela
+      Marien with all the prayers the captive had taught her. This having been
+      done, steps were taken to ransom our three comrades, so as to enable them
+      to quit the bano, and lest, seeing me ransomed and themselves not, though
+      the money was forthcoming, they should make a disturbance about it and the
+      devil should prompt them to do something that might injure Zoraida; for
+      though their position might be sufficient to relieve me from this
+      apprehension, nevertheless I was unwilling to run any risk in the matter;
+      and so I had them ransomed in the same way as I was, handing over all the
+      money to the merchant so that he might with safety and confidence give
+      security; without, however, confiding our arrangement and secret to him,
+      which might have been dangerous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c40e" id="c40e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c40e.jpg (34K)" src="images/c40e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch41" id="ch41"></a>CHAPTER XLI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH THE CAPTIVE STILL CONTINUES HIS ADVENTURES
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c41a" id="c41a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41a.jpg (106K)" src="images/c41a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Before fifteen days were over our renegade had already purchased an
+      excellent vessel with room for more than thirty persons; and to make the
+      transaction safe and lend a colour to it, he thought it well to make, as
+      he did, a voyage to a place called Shershel, twenty leagues from Algiers
+      on the Oran side, where there is an extensive trade in dried figs. Two or
+      three times he made this voyage in company with the Tagarin already
+      mentioned. The Moors of Aragon are called Tagarins in Barbary, and those
+      of Granada Mudejars; but in the Kingdom of Fez they call the Mudejars
+      Elches, and they are the people the king chiefly employs in war. To
+      proceed: every time he passed with his vessel he anchored in a cove that
+      was not two crossbow shots from the garden where Zoraida was waiting; and
+      there the renegade, together with the two Moorish lads that rowed, used
+      purposely to station himself, either going through his prayers, or else
+      practising as a part what he meant to perform in earnest. And thus he
+      would go to Zoraida's garden and ask for fruit, which her father gave him,
+      not knowing him; but though, as he afterwards told me, he sought to speak
+      to Zoraida, and tell her who he was, and that by my orders he was to take
+      her to the land of the Christians, so that she might feel satisfied and
+      easy, he had never been able to do so; for the Moorish women do not allow
+      themselves to be seen by any Moor or Turk, unless their husband or father
+      bid them: with Christian captives they permit freedom of intercourse and
+      communication, even more than might be considered proper. But for my part
+      I should have been sorry if he had spoken to her, for perhaps it might
+      have alarmed her to find her affairs talked of by renegades. But God, who
+      ordered it otherwise, afforded no opportunity for our renegade's
+      well-meant purpose; and he, seeing how safely he could go to Shershel and
+      return, and anchor when and how and where he liked, and that the Tagarin
+      his partner had no will but his, and that, now I was ransomed, all we
+      wanted was to find some Christians to row, told me to look out for any I
+      should he willing to take with me, over and above those who had been
+      ransomed, and to engage them for the next Friday, which he fixed upon for
+      our departure. On this I spoke to twelve Spaniards, all stout rowers, and
+      such as could most easily leave the city; but it was no easy matter to
+      find so many just then, because there were twenty ships out on a cruise
+      and they had taken all the rowers with them; and these would not have been
+      found were it not that their master remained at home that summer without
+      going to sea in order to finish a galliot that he had upon the stocks. To
+      these men I said nothing more than that the next Friday in the evening
+      they were to come out stealthily one by one and hang about Hadji Morato's
+      garden, waiting for me there until I came. These directions I gave each
+      one separately, with orders that if they saw any other Christians there
+      they were not to say anything to them except that I had directed them to
+      wait at that spot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This preliminary having been settled, another still more necessary step
+      had to be taken, which was to let Zoraida know how matters stood that she
+      might be prepared and forewarned, so as not to be taken by surprise if we
+      were suddenly to seize upon her before she thought the Christians' vessel
+      could have returned. I determined, therefore, to go to the garden and try
+      if I could speak to her; and the day before my departure I went there
+      under the pretence of gathering herbs. The first person I met was her
+      father, who addressed me in the language that all over Barbary and even in
+      Constantinople is the medium between captives and Moors, and is neither
+      Morisco nor Castilian, nor of any other nation, but a mixture of all
+      languages, by means of which we can all understand one another. In this
+      sort of language, I say, he asked me what I wanted in his garden, and to
+      whom I belonged. I replied that I was a slave of the Arnaut Mami (for I
+      knew as a certainty that he was a very great friend of his), and that I
+      wanted some herbs to make a salad. He asked me then whether I were on
+      ransom or not, and what my master demanded for me. While these questions
+      and answers were proceeding, the fair Zoraida, who had already perceived
+      me some time before, came out of the house in the garden, and as Moorish
+      women are by no means particular about letting themselves be seen by
+      Christians, or, as I have said before, at all coy, she had no hesitation
+      in coming to where her father stood with me; moreover her father, seeing
+      her approaching slowly, called to her to come. It would be beyond my power
+      now to describe to you the great beauty, the high-bred air, the brilliant
+      attire of my beloved Zoraida as she presented herself before my eyes. I
+      will content myself with saying that more pearls hung from her fair neck,
+      her ears, and her hair than she had hairs on her head. On her ankles,
+      which as is customary were bare, she had carcajes (for so bracelets or
+      anklets are called in Morisco) of the purest gold, set with so many
+      diamonds that she told me afterwards her father valued them at ten
+      thousand doubloons, and those she had on her wrists were worth as much
+      more. The pearls were in profusion and very fine, for the highest display
+      and adornment of the Moorish women is decking themselves with rich pearls
+      and seed-pearls; and of these there are therefore more among the Moors
+      than among any other people. Zoraida's father had to the reputation of
+      possessing a great number, and the purest in all Algiers, and of
+      possessing also more than two hundred thousand Spanish crowns; and she,
+      who is now mistress of me only, was mistress of all this. Whether thus
+      adorned she would have been beautiful or not, and what she must have been
+      in her prosperity, may be imagined from the beauty remaining to her after
+      so many hardships; for, as everyone knows, the beauty of some women has
+      its times and its seasons, and is increased or diminished by chance
+      causes; and naturally the emotions of the mind will heighten or impair it,
+      though indeed more frequently they totally destroy it. In a word she
+      presented herself before me that day attired with the utmost splendour,
+      and supremely beautiful; at any rate, she seemed to me the most beautiful
+      object I had ever seen; and when, besides, I thought of all I owed to her
+      I felt as though I had before me some heavenly being come to earth to
+      bring me relief and happiness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As she approached her father told her in his own language that I was a
+      captive belonging to his friend the Arnaut Mami, and that I had come for
+      salad.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She took up the conversation, and in that mixture of tongues I have spoken
+      of she asked me if I was a gentleman, and why I was not ransomed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I answered that I was already ransomed, and that by the price it might be
+      seen what value my master set on me, as they had given one thousand five
+      hundred zoltanis for me; to which she replied, "Hadst thou been my
+      father's, I can tell thee, I would not have let him part with thee for
+      twice as much, for you Christians always tell lies about yourselves and
+      make yourselves out poor to cheat the Moors."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That may be, lady," said I; "but indeed I dealt truthfully with my
+      master, as I do and mean to do with everybody in the world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And when dost thou go?" said Zoraida.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To-morrow, I think," said I, "for there is a vessel here from France
+      which sails to-morrow, and I think I shall go in her."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Would it not be better," said Zoraida, "to wait for the arrival of ships
+      from Spain and go with them and not with the French who are not your
+      friends?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No," said I; "though if there were intelligence that a vessel were now
+      coming from Spain it is true I might, perhaps, wait for it; however, it is
+      more likely I shall depart to-morrow, for the longing I feel to return to
+      my country and to those I love is so great that it will not allow me to
+      wait for another opportunity, however more convenient, if it be delayed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No doubt thou art married in thine own country," said Zoraida, "and for
+      that reason thou art anxious to go and see thy wife."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am not married," I replied, "but I have given my promise to marry on my
+      arrival there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And is the lady beautiful to whom thou hast given it?" said Zoraida.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So beautiful," said I, "that, to describe her worthily and tell thee the
+      truth, she is very like thee."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this her father laughed very heartily and said, "By Allah, Christian,
+      she must be very beautiful if she is like my daughter, who is the most
+      beautiful woman in all this kingdom: only look at her well and thou wilt
+      see I am telling the truth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Zoraida's father as the better linguist helped to interpret most of these
+      words and phrases, for though she spoke the bastard language, that, as I
+      have said, is employed there, she expressed her meaning more by signs than
+      by words.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While we were still engaged in this conversation, a Moor came running up,
+      exclaiming that four Turks had leaped over the fence or wall of the
+      garden, and were gathering the fruit though it was not yet ripe. The old
+      man was alarmed and Zoraida too, for the Moors commonly, and, so to speak,
+      instinctively have a dread of the Turks, but particularly of the soldiers,
+      who are so insolent and domineering to the Moors who are under their power
+      that they treat them worse than if they were their slaves. Her father said
+      to Zoraida, "Daughter, retire into the house and shut thyself in while I
+      go and speak to these dogs; and thou, Christian, pick thy herbs, and go in
+      peace, and Allah bring thee safe to thy own country."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I bowed, and he went away to look for the Turks, leaving me alone with
+      Zoraida, who made as if she were about to retire as her father bade her;
+      but the moment he was concealed by the trees of the garden, turning to me
+      with her eyes full of tears she said, "Tameji, cristiano, tameji?" that is
+      to say, "Art thou going, Christian, art thou going?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I made answer, "Yes, lady, but not without thee, come what may: be on the
+      watch for me on the next Juma, and be not alarmed when thou seest us; for
+      most surely we shall go to the land of the Christians."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This I said in such a way that she understood perfectly all that passed
+      between us, and throwing her arm round my neck she began with feeble steps
+      to move towards the house; but as fate would have it (and it might have
+      been very unfortunate if Heaven had not otherwise ordered it), just as we
+      were moving on in the manner and position I have described, with her arm
+      round my neck, her father, as he returned after having sent away the
+      Turks, saw how we were walking and we perceived that he saw us; but
+      Zoraida, ready and quickwitted, took care not to remove her arm from my
+      neck, but on the contrary drew closer to me and laid her head on my
+      breast, bending her knees a little and showing all the signs and tokens of
+      fainting, while I at the same time made it seem as though I were
+      supporting her against my will. Her father came running up to where we
+      were, and seeing his daughter in this state asked what was the matter with
+      her; she, however, giving no answer, he said, "No doubt she has fainted in
+      alarm at the entrance of those dogs," and taking her from mine he drew her
+      to his own breast, while she sighing, her eyes still wet with tears, said
+      again, "Ameji, cristiano, ameji"&mdash;"Go, Christian, go." To this her
+      father replied, "There is no need, daughter, for the Christian to go, for
+      he has done thee no harm, and the Turks have now gone; feel no alarm,
+      there is nothing to hurt thee, for as I say, the Turks at my request have
+      gone back the way they came."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41b" id="c41b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41b.jpg (320K)" src="images/c41b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was they who terrified her, as thou hast said, senor," said I to her
+      father; "but since she tells me to go, I have no wish to displease her:
+      peace be with thee, and with thy leave I will come back to this garden for
+      herbs if need be, for my master says there are nowhere better herbs for
+      salad than here."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Come back for any thou hast need of," replied Hadji Morato; "for my
+      daughter does not speak thus because she is displeased with thee or any
+      Christian: she only meant that the Turks should go, not thou; or that it
+      was time for thee to look for thy herbs."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this I at once took my leave of both; and she, looking as though her
+      heart were breaking, retired with her father. While pretending to look for
+      herbs I made the round of the garden at my ease, and studied carefully all
+      the approaches and outlets, and the fastenings of the house and everything
+      that could be taken advantage of to make our task easy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41c" id="c41c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41c.jpg (326K)" src="images/c41c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having done so I went and gave an account of all that had taken place to
+      the renegade and my comrades, and looked forward with impatience to the
+      hour when, all fear at an end, I should find myself in possession of the
+      prize which fortune held out to me in the fair and lovely Zoraida. The
+      time passed at length, and the appointed day we so longed for arrived;
+      and, all following out the arrangement and plan which, after careful
+      consideration and many a long discussion, we had decided upon, we
+      succeeded as fully as we could have wished; for on the Friday following
+      the day upon which I spoke to Zoraida in the garden, the renegade anchored
+      his vessel at nightfall almost opposite the spot where she was. The
+      Christians who were to row were ready and in hiding in different places
+      round about, all waiting for me, anxious and elated, and eager to attack
+      the vessel they had before their eyes; for they did not know the
+      renegade's plan, but expected that they were to gain their liberty by
+      force of arms and by killing the Moors who were on board the vessel. As
+      soon, then, as I and my comrades made our appearance, all those that were
+      in hiding seeing us came and joined us. It was now the time when the city
+      gates are shut, and there was no one to be seen in all the space outside.
+      When we were collected together we debated whether it would be better
+      first to go for Zoraida, or to make prisoners of the Moorish rowers who
+      rowed in the vessel; but while we were still uncertain our renegade came
+      up asking us what kept us, as it was now the time, and all the Moors were
+      off their guard and most of them asleep. We told him why we hesitated, but
+      he said it was of more importance first to secure the vessel, which could
+      be done with the greatest ease and without any danger, and then we could
+      go for Zoraida. We all approved of what he said, and so without further
+      delay, guided by him we made for the vessel, and he leaping on board
+      first, drew his cutlass and said in Morisco, "Let no one stir from this if
+      he does not want it to cost him his life." By this almost all the
+      Christians were on board, and the Moors, who were fainthearted, hearing
+      their captain speak in this way, were cowed, and without any one of them
+      taking to his arms (and indeed they had few or hardly any) they submitted
+      without saying a word to be bound by the Christians, who quickly secured
+      them, threatening them that if they raised any kind of outcry they would
+      be all put to the sword. This having been accomplished, and half of our
+      party being left to keep guard over them, the rest of us, again taking the
+      renegade as our guide, hastened towards Hadji Morato's garden, and as good
+      luck would have it, on trying the gate it opened as easily as if it had
+      not been locked; and so, quite quietly and in silence, we reached the
+      house without being perceived by anybody. The lovely Zoraida was watching
+      for us at a window, and as soon as she perceived that there were people
+      there, she asked in a low voice if we were "Nizarani," as much as to say
+      or ask if we were Christians. I answered that we were, and begged her to
+      come down. As soon as she recognised me she did not delay an instant, but
+      without answering a word came down immediately, opened the door and
+      presented herself before us all, so beautiful and so richly attired that I
+      cannot attempt to describe her. The moment I saw her I took her hand and
+      kissed it, and the renegade and my two comrades did the same; and the
+      rest, who knew nothing of the circumstances, did as they saw us do, for it
+      only seemed as if we were returning thanks to her, and recognising her as
+      the giver of our liberty. The renegade asked her in the Morisco language
+      if her father was in the house. She replied that he was and that he was
+      asleep.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then it will be necessary to waken him and take him with us," said the
+      renegade, "and everything of value in this fair mansion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay," said she, "my father must not on any account be touched, and there
+      is nothing in the house except what I shall take, and that will be quite
+      enough to enrich and satisfy all of you; wait a little and you shall see,"
+      and so saying she went in, telling us she would return immediately and
+      bidding us keep quiet without making any noise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I asked the renegade what had passed between them, and when he told me, I
+      declared that nothing should be done except in accordance with the wishes
+      of Zoraida, who now came back with a little trunk so full of gold crowns
+      that she could scarcely carry it. Unfortunately her father awoke while
+      this was going on, and hearing a noise in the garden, came to the window,
+      and at once perceiving that all those who were there were Christians,
+      raising a prodigiously loud outcry, he began to call out in Arabic,
+      "Christians, Christians! thieves, thieves!" by which cries we were all
+      thrown into the greatest fear and embarrassment; but the renegade seeing
+      the danger we were in and how important it was for him to effect his
+      purpose before we were heard, mounted with the utmost quickness to where
+      Hadji Morato was, and with him went some of our party; I, however, did not
+      dare to leave Zoraida, who had fallen almost fainting in my arms. To be
+      brief, those who had gone upstairs acted so promptly that in an instant
+      they came down, carrying Hadji Morato with his hands bound and a napkin
+      tied over his mouth, which prevented him from uttering a word, warning him
+      at the same time that to attempt to speak would cost him his life. When
+      his daughter caught sight of him she covered her eyes so as not to see
+      him, and her father was horror-stricken, not knowing how willingly she had
+      placed herself in our hands. But it was now most essential for us to be on
+      the move, and carefully and quickly we regained the vessel, where those
+      who had remained on board were waiting for us in apprehension of some
+      mishap having befallen us. It was barely two hours after night set in when
+      we were all on board the vessel, where the cords were removed from the
+      hands of Zoraida's father, and the napkin from his mouth; but the renegade
+      once more told him not to utter a word, or they would take his life. He,
+      when he saw his daughter there, began to sigh piteously, and still more
+      when he perceived that I held her closely embraced and that she lay quiet
+      without resisting or complaining, or showing any reluctance; nevertheless
+      he remained silent lest they should carry into effect the repeated threats
+      the renegade had addressed to him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Finding herself now on board, and that we were about to give way with the
+      oars, Zoraida, seeing her father there, and the other Moors bound, bade
+      the renegade ask me to do her the favour of releasing the Moors and
+      setting her father at liberty, for she would rather drown herself in the
+      sea than suffer a father that had loved her so dearly to be carried away
+      captive before her eyes and on her account. The renegade repeated this to
+      me, and I replied that I was very willing to do so; but he replied that it
+      was not advisable, because if they were left there they would at once
+      raise the country and stir up the city, and lead to the despatch of swift
+      cruisers in pursuit, and our being taken, by sea or land, without any
+      possibility of escape; and that all that could be done was to set them
+      free on the first Christian ground we reached. On this point we all
+      agreed; and Zoraida, to whom it was explained, together with the reasons
+      that prevented us from doing at once what she desired, was satisfied
+      likewise; and then in glad silence and with cheerful alacrity each of our
+      stout rowers took his oar, and commending ourselves to God with all our
+      hearts, we began to shape our course for the island of Majorca, the
+      nearest Christian land. Owing, however, to the Tramontana rising a little,
+      and the sea growing somewhat rough, it was impossible for us to keep a
+      straight course for Majorca, and we were compelled to coast in the
+      direction of Oran, not without great uneasiness on our part lest we should
+      be observed from the town of Shershel, which lies on that coast, not more
+      than sixty miles from Algiers. Moreover we were afraid of meeting on that
+      course one of the galliots that usually come with goods from Tetuan;
+      although each of us for himself and all of us together felt confident
+      that, if we were to meet a merchant galliot, so that it were not a
+      cruiser, not only should we not be lost, but that we should take a vessel
+      in which we could more safely accomplish our voyage. As we pursued our
+      course Zoraida kept her head between my hands so as not to see her father,
+      and I felt that she was praying to Lela Marien to help us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41d" id="c41d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41d.jpg (266K)" src="images/c41d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We might have made about thirty miles when daybreak found us some three
+      musket-shots off the land, which seemed to us deserted, and without anyone
+      to see us. For all that, however, by hard rowing we put out a little to
+      sea, for it was now somewhat calmer, and having gained about two leagues
+      the word was given to row by batches, while we ate something, for the
+      vessel was well provided; but the rowers said it was not a time to take
+      any rest; let food be served out to those who were not rowing, but they
+      would not leave their oars on any account. This was done, but now a stiff
+      breeze began to blow, which obliged us to leave off rowing and make sail
+      at once and steer for Oran, as it was impossible to make any other course.
+      All this was done very promptly, and under sail we ran more than eight
+      miles an hour without any fear, except that of coming across some vessel
+      out on a roving expedition. We gave the Moorish rowers some food, and the
+      renegade comforted them by telling them that they were not held as
+      captives, as we should set them free on the first opportunity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The same was said to Zoraida's father, who replied, "Anything else,
+      Christian, I might hope for or think likely from your generosity and good
+      behaviour, but do not think me so simple as to imagine you will give me my
+      liberty; for you would have never exposed yourselves to the danger of
+      depriving me of it only to restore it to me so generously, especially as
+      you know who I am and the sum you may expect to receive on restoring it;
+      and if you will only name that, I here offer you all you require for
+      myself and for my unhappy daughter there; or else for her alone, for she
+      is the greatest and most precious part of my soul."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As he said this he began to weep so bitterly that he filled us all with
+      compassion and forced Zoraida to look at him, and when she saw him weeping
+      she was so moved that she rose from my feet and ran to throw her arms
+      round him, and pressing her face to his, they both gave way to such an
+      outburst of tears that several of us were constrained to keep them
+      company.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But when her father saw her in full dress and with all her jewels about
+      her, he said to her in his own language, "What means this, my daughter?
+      Last night, before this terrible misfortune in which we are plunged befell
+      us, I saw thee in thy everyday and indoor garments; and now, without
+      having had time to attire thyself, and without my bringing thee any joyful
+      tidings to furnish an occasion for adorning and bedecking thyself, I see
+      thee arrayed in the finest attire it would be in my power to give thee
+      when fortune was most kind to us. Answer me this; for it causes me greater
+      anxiety and surprise than even this misfortune itself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The renegade interpreted to us what the Moor said to his daughter; she,
+      however, returned him no answer. But when he observed in one corner of the
+      vessel the little trunk in which she used to keep her jewels, which he
+      well knew he had left in Algiers and had not brought to the garden, he was
+      still more amazed, and asked her how that trunk had come into our hands,
+      and what there was in it. To which the renegade, without waiting for
+      Zoraida to reply, made answer, "Do not trouble thyself by asking thy
+      daughter Zoraida so many questions, senor, for the one answer I will give
+      thee will serve for all; I would have thee know that she is a Christian,
+      and that it is she who has been the file for our chains and our deliverer
+      from captivity. She is here of her own free will, as glad, I imagine, to
+      find herself in this position as he who escapes from darkness into the
+      light, from death to life, and from suffering to glory."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Daughter, is this true, what he says?" cried the Moor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is," replied Zoraida.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That thou art in truth a Christian," said the old man, "and that thou
+      hast given thy father into the power of his enemies?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Zoraida made answer, "A Christian I am, but it is not I who have
+      placed thee in this position, for it never was my wish to leave thee or do
+      thee harm, but only to do good to myself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And what good hast thou done thyself, daughter?" said he.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ask thou that," said she, "of Lela Marien, for she can tell thee better
+      than I."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Moor had hardly heard these words when with marvellous quickness he
+      flung himself headforemost into the sea, where no doubt he would have been
+      drowned had not the long and full dress he wore held him up for a little
+      on the surface of the water. Zoraida cried aloud to us to save him, and we
+      all hastened to help, and seizing him by his robe we drew him in half
+      drowned and insensible, at which Zoraida was in such distress that she
+      wept over him as piteously and bitterly as though he were already dead. We
+      turned him upon his face and he voided a great quantity of water, and at
+      the end of two hours came to himself. Meanwhile, the wind having changed
+      we were compelled to head for the land, and ply our oars to avoid being
+      driven on shore; but it was our good fortune to reach a creek that lies on
+      one side of a small promontory or cape, called by the Moors that of the
+      "Cava rumia," which in our language means "the wicked Christian woman;"
+      for it is a tradition among them that La Cava, through whom Spain was
+      lost, lies buried at that spot; "cava" in their language meaning "wicked
+      woman," and "rumia" "Christian;" moreover, they count it unlucky to anchor
+      there when necessity compels them, and they never do so otherwise. For us,
+      however, it was not the resting-place of the wicked woman but a haven of
+      safety for our relief, so much had the sea now got up. We posted a
+      look-out on shore, and never let the oars out of our hands, and ate of the
+      stores the renegade had laid in, imploring God and Our Lady with all our
+      hearts to help and protect us, that we might give a happy ending to a
+      beginning so prosperous. At the entreaty of Zoraida orders were given to
+      set on shore her father and the other Moors who were still bound, for she
+      could not endure, nor could her tender heart bear to see her father in
+      bonds and her fellow-countrymen prisoners before her eyes. We promised her
+      to do this at the moment of departure, for as it was uninhabited we ran no
+      risk in releasing them at that place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our prayers were not so far in vain as to be unheard by Heaven, for after
+      a while the wind changed in our favour, and made the sea calm, inviting us
+      once more to resume our voyage with a good heart. Seeing this we unbound
+      the Moors, and one by one put them on shore, at which they were filled
+      with amazement; but when we came to land Zoraida's father, who had now
+      completely recovered his senses, he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why is it, think ye, Christians, that this wicked woman is rejoiced at
+      your giving me my liberty? Think ye it is because of the affection she
+      bears me? Nay verily, it is only because of the hindrance my presence
+      offers to the execution of her base designs. And think not that it is her
+      belief that yours is better than ours that has led her to change her
+      religion; it is only because she knows that immodesty is more freely
+      practised in your country than in ours." Then turning to Zoraida, while I
+      and another of the Christians held him fast by both arms, lest he should
+      do some mad act, he said to her, "Infamous girl, misguided maiden, whither
+      in thy blindness and madness art thou going in the hands of these dogs,
+      our natural enemies? Cursed be the hour when I begot thee! Cursed the
+      luxury and indulgence in which I reared thee!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But seeing that he was not likely soon to cease I made haste to put him on
+      shore, and thence he continued his maledictions and lamentations aloud;
+      calling on Mohammed to pray to Allah to destroy us, to confound us, to
+      make an end of us; and when, in consequence of having made sail, we could
+      no longer hear what he said we could see what he did; how he plucked out
+      his beard and tore his hair and lay writhing on the ground. But once he
+      raised his voice to such a pitch that we were able to hear what he said.
+      "Come back, dear daughter, come back to shore; I forgive thee all; let
+      those men have the money, for it is theirs now, and come back to comfort
+      thy sorrowing father, who will yield up his life on this barren strand if
+      thou dost leave him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41e" id="c41e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41e.jpg (281K)" src="images/c41e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this Zoraida heard, and heard with sorrow and tears, and all she could
+      say in answer was, "Allah grant that Lela Marien, who has made me become a
+      Christian, give thee comfort in thy sorrow, my father. Allah knows that I
+      could not do otherwise than I have done, and that these Christians owe
+      nothing to my will; for even had I wished not to accompany them, but
+      remain at home, it would have been impossible for me, so eagerly did my
+      soul urge me on to the accomplishment of this purpose, which I feel to be
+      as righteous as to thee, dear father, it seems wicked."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But neither could her father hear her nor we see him when she said this;
+      and so, while I consoled Zoraida, we turned our attention to our voyage,
+      in which a breeze from the right point so favoured us that we made sure of
+      finding ourselves off the coast of Spain on the morrow by daybreak. But,
+      as good seldom or never comes pure and unmixed, without being attended or
+      followed by some disturbing evil that gives a shock to it, our fortune, or
+      perhaps the curses which the Moor had hurled at his daughter (for whatever
+      kind of father they may come from these are always to be dreaded), brought
+      it about that when we were now in mid-sea, and the night about three hours
+      spent, as we were running with all sail set and oars lashed, for the
+      favouring breeze saved us the trouble of using them, we saw by the light
+      of the moon, which shone brilliantly, a square-rigged vessel in full sail
+      close to us, luffing up and standing across our course, and so close that
+      we had to strike sail to avoid running foul of her, while they too put the
+      helm hard up to let us pass. They came to the side of the ship to ask who
+      we were, whither we were bound, and whence we came, but as they asked this
+      in French our renegade said, "Let no one answer, for no doubt these are
+      French corsairs who plunder all comers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41f" id="c41f"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41f.jpg (268K)" src="images/c41f.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c41f.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Acting on this warning no one answered a word, but after we had gone a
+      little ahead, and the vessel was now lying to leeward, suddenly they fired
+      two guns, and apparently both loaded with chain-shot, for with one they
+      cut our mast in half and brought down both it and the sail into the sea,
+      and the other, discharged at the same moment, sent a ball into our vessel
+      amidships, staving her in completely, but without doing any further
+      damage. We, however, finding ourselves sinking began to shout for help and
+      call upon those in the ship to pick us up as we were beginning to fill.
+      They then lay to, and lowering a skiff or boat, as many as a dozen
+      Frenchmen, well armed with match-locks, and their matches burning, got
+      into it and came alongside; and seeing how few we were, and that our
+      vessel was going down, they took us in, telling us that this had come to
+      us through our incivility in not giving them an answer. Our renegade took
+      the trunk containing Zoraida's wealth and dropped it into the sea without
+      anyone perceiving what he did. In short we went on board with the
+      Frenchmen, who, after having ascertained all they wanted to know about us,
+      rifled us of everything we had, as if they had been our bitterest enemies,
+      and from Zoraida they took even the anklets she wore on her feet; but the
+      distress they caused her did not distress me so much as the fear I was in
+      that from robbing her of her rich and precious jewels they would proceed
+      to rob her of the most precious jewel that she valued more than all. The
+      desires, however, of those people do not go beyond money, but of that
+      their covetousness is insatiable, and on this occasion it was carried to
+      such a pitch that they would have taken even the clothes we wore as
+      captives if they had been worth anything to them. It was the advice of
+      some of them to throw us all into the sea wrapped up in a sail; for their
+      purpose was to trade at some of the ports of Spain, giving themselves out
+      as Bretons, and if they brought us alive they would be punished as soon as
+      the robbery was discovered; but the captain (who was the one who had
+      plundered my beloved Zoraida) said he was satisfied with the prize he had
+      got, and that he would not touch at any Spanish port, but pass the Straits
+      of Gibraltar by night, or as best he could, and make for La Rochelle, from
+      which he had sailed. So they agreed by common consent to give us the skiff
+      belonging to their ship and all we required for the short voyage that
+      remained to us, and this they did the next day on coming in sight of the
+      Spanish coast, with which, and the joy we felt, all our sufferings and
+      miseries were as completely forgotten as if they had never been endured by
+      us, such is the delight of recovering lost liberty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It may have been about mid-day when they placed us in the boat, giving us
+      two kegs of water and some biscuit; and the captain, moved by I know not
+      what compassion, as the lovely Zoraida was about to embark, gave her some
+      forty gold crowns, and would not permit his men to take from her those
+      same garments which she has on now. We got into the boat, returning them
+      thanks for their kindness to us, and showing ourselves grateful rather
+      than indignant. They stood out to sea, steering for the straits; we,
+      without looking to any compass save the land we had before us, set
+      ourselves to row with such energy that by sunset we were so near that we
+      might easily, we thought, land before the night was far advanced. But as
+      the moon did not show that night, and the sky was clouded, and as we knew
+      not whereabouts we were, it did not seem to us a prudent thing to make for
+      the shore, as several of us advised, saying we ought to run ourselves
+      ashore even if it were on rocks and far from any habitation, for in this
+      way we should be relieved from the apprehensions we naturally felt of the
+      prowling vessels of the Tetuan corsairs, who leave Barbary at nightfall
+      and are on the Spanish coast by daybreak, where they commonly take some
+      prize, and then go home to sleep in their own houses. But of the
+      conflicting counsels the one which was adopted was that we should approach
+      gradually, and land where we could if the sea were calm enough to permit
+      us. This was done, and a little before midnight we drew near to the foot
+      of a huge and lofty mountain, not so close to the sea but that it left a
+      narrow space on which to land conveniently. We ran our boat up on the
+      sand, and all sprang out and kissed the ground, and with tears of joyful
+      satisfaction returned thanks to God our Lord for all his incomparable
+      goodness to us on our voyage. We took out of the boat the provisions it
+      contained, and drew it up on the shore, and then climbed a long way up the
+      mountain, for even there we could not feel easy in our hearts, or persuade
+      ourselves that it was Christian soil that was now under our feet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The dawn came, more slowly, I think, than we could have wished; we
+      completed the ascent in order to see if from the summit any habitation or
+      any shepherds' huts could be discovered, but strain our eyes as we might,
+      neither dwelling, nor human being, nor path nor road could we perceive.
+      However, we determined to push on farther, as it could not but be that ere
+      long we must see some one who could tell us where we were. But what
+      distressed me most was to see Zoraida going on foot over that rough
+      ground; for though I once carried her on my shoulders, she was more
+      wearied by my weariness than rested by the rest; and so she would never
+      again allow me to undergo the exertion, and went on very patiently and
+      cheerfully, while I led her by the hand. We had gone rather less than a
+      quarter of a league when the sound of a little bell fell on our ears, a
+      clear proof that there were flocks hard by, and looking about carefully to
+      see if any were within view, we observed a young shepherd tranquilly and
+      unsuspiciously trimming a stick with his knife at the foot of a cork tree.
+      We called to him, and he, raising his head, sprang nimbly to his feet,
+      for, as we afterwards learned, the first who presented themselves to his
+      sight were the renegade and Zoraida, and seeing them in Moorish dress he
+      imagined that all the Moors of Barbary were upon him; and plunging with
+      marvellous swiftness into the thicket in front of him, he began to raise a
+      prodigious outcry, exclaiming, "The Moors&mdash;the Moors have landed! To
+      arms, to arms!" We were all thrown into perplexity by these cries, not
+      knowing what to do; but reflecting that the shouts of the shepherd would
+      raise the country and that the mounted coast-guard would come at once to
+      see what was the matter, we agreed that the renegade must strip off his
+      Turkish garments and put on a captive's jacket or coat which one of our
+      party gave him at once, though he himself was reduced to his shirt; and so
+      commending ourselves to God, we followed the same road which we saw the
+      shepherd take, expecting every moment that the coast-guard would be down
+      upon us. Nor did our expectation deceive us, for two hours had not passed
+      when, coming out of the brushwood into the open ground, we perceived some
+      fifty mounted men swiftly approaching us at a hand-gallop. As soon as we
+      saw them we stood still, waiting for them; but as they came close and,
+      instead of the Moors they were in quest of, saw a set of poor Christians,
+      they were taken aback, and one of them asked if it could be we who were
+      the cause of the shepherd having raised the call to arms. I said "Yes,"
+      and as I was about to explain to him what had occurred, and whence we came
+      and who we were, one of the Christians of our party recognised the
+      horseman who had put the question to us, and before I could say anything
+      more he exclaimed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thanks be to God, sirs, for bringing us to such good quarters; for, if I
+      do not deceive myself, the ground we stand on is that of Velez Malaga
+      unless, indeed, all my years of captivity have made me unable to recollect
+      that you, senor, who ask who we are, are Pedro de Bustamante, my uncle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Christian captive had hardly uttered these words, when the horseman
+      threw himself off his horse, and ran to embrace the young man, crying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nephew of my soul and life! I recognise thee now; and long have I mourned
+      thee as dead, I, and my sister, thy mother, and all thy kin that are still
+      alive, and whom God has been pleased to preserve that they may enjoy the
+      happiness of seeing thee. We knew long since that thou wert in Algiers,
+      and from the appearance of thy garments and those of all this company, I
+      conclude that ye have had a miraculous restoration to liberty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is true," replied the young man, "and by-and-by we will tell you all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as the horsemen understood that we were Christian captives, they
+      dismounted from their horses, and each offered his to carry us to the city
+      of Velez Malaga, which was a league and a half distant. Some of them went
+      to bring the boat to the city, we having told them where we had left it;
+      others took us up behind them, and Zoraida was placed on the horse of the
+      young man's uncle. The whole town came out to meet us, for they had by
+      this time heard of our arrival from one who had gone on in advance. They
+      were not astonished to see liberated captives or captive Moors, for people
+      on that coast are well used to see both one and the other; but they were
+      astonished at the beauty of Zoraida, which was just then heightened, as
+      well by the exertion of travelling as by joy at finding herself on
+      Christian soil, and relieved of all fear of being lost; for this had
+      brought such a glow upon her face, that unless my affection for her were
+      deceiving me, I would venture to say that there was not a more beautiful
+      creature in the world&mdash;at least, that I had ever seen. We went
+      straight to the church to return thanks to God for the mercies we had
+      received, and when Zoraida entered it she said there were faces there like
+      Lela Marien's. We told her they were her images; and as well as he could
+      the renegade explained to her what they meant, that she might adore them
+      as if each of them were the very same Lela Marien that had spoken to her;
+      and she, having great intelligence and a quick and clear instinct,
+      understood at once all he said to her about them. Thence they took us away
+      and distributed us all in different houses in the town; but as for the
+      renegade, Zoraida, and myself, the Christian who came with us brought us
+      to the house of his parents, who had a fair share of the gifts of fortune,
+      and treated us with as much kindness as they did their own son.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We remained six days in Velez, at the end of which the renegade, having
+      informed himself of all that was requisite for him to do, set out for the
+      city of Granada to restore himself to the sacred bosom of the Church
+      through the medium of the Holy Inquisition. The other released captives
+      took their departures, each the way that seemed best to him, and Zoraida
+      and I were left alone, with nothing more than the crowns which the
+      courtesy of the Frenchman had bestowed upon Zoraida, out of which I bought
+      the beast on which she rides; and, I for the present attending her as her
+      father and squire and not as her husband, we are now going to ascertain if
+      my father is living, or if any of my brothers has had better fortune than
+      mine has been; though, as Heaven has made me the companion of Zoraida, I
+      think no other lot could be assigned to me, however happy, that I would
+      rather have. The patience with which she endures the hardships that
+      poverty brings with it, and the eagerness she shows to become a Christian,
+      are such that they fill me with admiration, and bind me to serve her all
+      my life; though the happiness I feel in seeing myself hers, and her mine,
+      is disturbed and marred by not knowing whether I shall find any corner to
+      shelter her in my own country, or whether time and death may not have made
+      such changes in the fortunes and lives of my father and brothers, that I
+      shall hardly find anyone who knows me, if they are not alive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I have no more of my story to tell you, gentlemen; whether it be an
+      interesting or a curious one let your better judgments decide; all I can
+      say is I would gladly have told it to you more briefly; although my fear
+      of wearying you has made me leave out more than one circumstance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c41g" id="c41g"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c41g.jpg (33K)" src="images/c41g.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch42" id="ch42"></a>CHAPTER XLII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF WHAT FURTHER TOOK PLACE IN THE INN, AND OF SEVERAL OTHER
+      THINGS WORTH KNOWING
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c42a" id="c42a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c42a.jpg (139K)" src="images/c42a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c42a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With these words the captive held his peace, and Don Fernando said to him,
+      "In truth, captain, the manner in which you have related this remarkable
+      adventure has been such as befitted the novelty and strangeness of the
+      matter. The whole story is curious and uncommon, and abounds with
+      incidents that fill the hearers with wonder and astonishment; and so great
+      is the pleasure we have found in listening to it that we should be glad if
+      it were to begin again, even though to-morrow were to find us still
+      occupied with the same tale." And while he said this Cardenio and the rest
+      of them offered to be of service to him in any way that lay in their
+      power, and in words and language so kindly and sincere that the captain
+      was much gratified by their good-will. In particular Don Fernando offered,
+      if he would go back with him, to get his brother the marquis to become
+      godfather at the baptism of Zoraida, and on his own part to provide him
+      with the means of making his appearance in his own country with the credit
+      and comfort he was entitled to. For all this the captive returned thanks
+      very courteously, although he would not accept any of their generous
+      offers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time night closed in, and as it did, there came up to the inn a
+      coach attended by some men on horseback, who demanded accommodation; to
+      which the landlady replied that there was not a hand's breadth of the
+      whole inn unoccupied.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still, for all that," said one of those who had entered on horseback,
+      "room must be found for his lordship the Judge here."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this name the landlady was taken aback, and said, "Senor, the fact is I
+      have no beds; but if his lordship the Judge carries one with him, as no
+      doubt he does, let him come in and welcome; for my husband and I will give
+      up our room to accommodate his worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Very good, so be it," said the squire; but in the meantime a man had got
+      out of the coach whose dress indicated at a glance the office and post he
+      held, for the long robe with ruffled sleeves that he wore showed that he
+      was, as his servant said, a Judge of appeal. He led by the hand a young
+      girl in a travelling dress, apparently about sixteen years of age, and of
+      such a high-bred air, so beautiful and so graceful, that all were filled
+      with admiration when she made her appearance, and but for having seen
+      Dorothea, Luscinda, and Zoraida, who were there in the inn, they would
+      have fancied that a beauty like that of this maiden's would have been hard
+      to find. Don Quixote was present at the entrance of the Judge with the
+      young lady, and as soon as he saw him he said, "Your worship may with
+      confidence enter and take your ease in this castle; for though the
+      accommodation be scanty and poor, there are no quarters so cramped or
+      inconvenient that they cannot make room for arms and letters; above all if
+      arms and letters have beauty for a guide and leader, as letters
+      represented by your worship have in this fair maiden, to whom not only
+      ought castles to throw themselves open and yield themselves up, but rocks
+      should rend themselves asunder and mountains divide and bow themselves
+      down to give her a reception. Enter, your worship, I say, into this
+      paradise, for here you will find stars and suns to accompany the heaven
+      your worship brings with you, here you will find arms in their supreme
+      excellence, and beauty in its highest perfection."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Judge was struck with amazement at the language of Don Quixote, whom
+      he scrutinized very carefully, no less astonished by his figure than by
+      his talk; and before he could find words to answer him he had a fresh
+      surprise, when he saw opposite to him Luscinda, Dorothea, and Zoraida,
+      who, having heard of the new guests and of the beauty of the young lady,
+      had come to see her and welcome her; Don Fernando, Cardenio, and the
+      curate, however, greeted him in a more intelligible and polished style. In
+      short, the Judge made his entrance in a state of bewilderment, as well
+      with what he saw as what he heard, and the fair ladies of the inn gave the
+      fair damsel a cordial welcome. On the whole he could perceive that all who
+      were there were people of quality; but with the figure, countenance, and
+      bearing of Don Quixote he was at his wits' end; and all civilities having
+      been exchanged, and the accommodation of the inn inquired into, it was
+      settled, as it had been before settled, that all the women should retire
+      to the garret that has been already mentioned, and that the men should
+      remain outside as if to guard them; the Judge, therefore, was very well
+      pleased to allow his daughter, for such the damsel was, to go with the
+      ladies, which she did very willingly; and with part of the host's narrow
+      bed and half of what the Judge had brought with him, they made a more
+      comfortable arrangement for the night than they had expected.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The captive, whose heart had leaped within him the instant he saw the
+      Judge, telling him somehow that this was his brother, asked one of the
+      servants who accompanied him what his name was, and whether he knew from
+      what part of the country he came. The servant replied that he was called
+      the Licentiate Juan Perez de Viedma, and that he had heard it said he came
+      from a village in the mountains of Leon. From this statement, and what he
+      himself had seen, he felt convinced that this was his brother who had
+      adopted letters by his father's advice; and excited and rejoiced, he
+      called Don Fernando and Cardenio and the curate aside, and told them how
+      the matter stood, assuring them that the judge was his brother. The
+      servant had further informed him that he was now going to the Indies with
+      the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of Mexico; and he had
+      learned, likewise, that the young lady was his daughter, whose mother had
+      died in giving birth to her, and that he was very rich in consequence of
+      the dowry left to him with the daughter. He asked their advice as to what
+      means he should adopt to make himself known, or to ascertain beforehand
+      whether, when he had made himself known, his brother, seeing him so poor,
+      would be ashamed of him, or would receive him with a warm heart.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Leave it to me to find out that," said the curate; "though there is no
+      reason for supposing, senor captain, that you will not be kindly received,
+      because the worth and wisdom that your brother's bearing shows him to
+      possess do not make it likely that he will prove haughty or insensible, or
+      that he will not know how to estimate the accidents of fortune at their
+      proper value."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still," said the captain, "I would not make myself known abruptly, but in
+      some indirect way."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have told you already," said the curate, "that I will manage it in a
+      way to satisfy us all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time supper was ready, and they all took their seats at the table,
+      except the captive, and the ladies, who supped by themselves in their own
+      room. In the middle of supper the curate said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I had a comrade of your worship's name, Senor Judge, in Constantinople,
+      where I was a captive for several years, and that same comrade was one of
+      the stoutest soldiers and captains in the whole Spanish infantry; but he
+      had as large a share of misfortune as he had of gallantry and courage."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And how was the captain called, senor?" asked the Judge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He was called Ruy Perez de Viedma," replied the curate, "and he was born
+      in a village in the mountains of Leon; and he mentioned a circumstance
+      connected with his father and his brothers which, had it not been told me
+      by so truthful a man as he was, I should have set down as one of those
+      fables the old women tell over the fire in winter; for he said his father
+      had divided his property among his three sons and had addressed words of
+      advice to them sounder than any of Cato's. But I can say this much, that
+      the choice he made of going to the wars was attended with such success,
+      that by his gallant conduct and courage, and without any help save his own
+      merit, he rose in a few years to be captain of infantry, and to see
+      himself on the high-road and in position to be given the command of a
+      corps before long; but Fortune was against him, for where he might have
+      expected her favour he lost it, and with it his liberty, on that glorious
+      day when so many recovered theirs, at the battle of Lepanto. I lost mine
+      at the Goletta, and after a variety of adventures we found ourselves
+      comrades at Constantinople. Thence he went to Algiers, where he met with
+      one of the most extraordinary adventures that ever befell anyone in the
+      world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here the curate went on to relate briefly his brother's adventure with
+      Zoraida; to all which the Judge gave such an attentive hearing that he
+      never before had been so much of a hearer. The curate, however, only went
+      so far as to describe how the Frenchmen plundered those who were in the
+      boat, and the poverty and distress in which his comrade and the fair Moor
+      were left, of whom he said he had not been able to learn what became of
+      them, or whether they had reached Spain, or been carried to France by the
+      Frenchmen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The captain, standing a little to one side, was listening to all the
+      curate said, and watching every movement of his brother, who, as soon as
+      he perceived the curate had made an end of his story, gave a deep sigh and
+      said with his eyes full of tears, "Oh, senor, if you only knew what news
+      you have given me and how it comes home to me, making me show how I feel
+      it with these tears that spring from my eyes in spite of all my worldly
+      wisdom and self-restraint! That brave captain that you speak of is my
+      eldest brother, who, being of a bolder and loftier mind than my other
+      brother or myself, chose the honourable and worthy calling of arms, which
+      was one of the three careers our father proposed to us, as your comrade
+      mentioned in that fable you thought he was telling you. I followed that of
+      letters, in which God and my own exertions have raised me to the position
+      in which you see me. My second brother is in Peru, so wealthy that with
+      what he has sent to my father and to me he has fully repaid the portion he
+      took with him, and has even furnished my father's hands with the means of
+      gratifying his natural generosity, while I too have been enabled to pursue
+      my studies in a more becoming and creditable fashion, and so to attain my
+      present standing. My father is still alive, though dying with anxiety to
+      hear of his eldest son, and he prays God unceasingly that death may not
+      close his eyes until he has looked upon those of his son; but with regard
+      to him what surprises me is, that having so much common sense as he had,
+      he should have neglected to give any intelligence about himself, either in
+      his troubles and sufferings, or in his prosperity, for if his father or
+      any of us had known of his condition he need not have waited for that
+      miracle of the reed to obtain his ransom; but what now disquiets me is the
+      uncertainty whether those Frenchmen may have restored him to liberty, or
+      murdered him to hide the robbery. All this will make me continue my
+      journey, not with the satisfaction in which I began it, but in the deepest
+      melancholy and sadness. Oh dear brother! that I only knew where thou art
+      now, and I would hasten to seek thee out and deliver thee from thy
+      sufferings, though it were to cost me suffering myself! Oh that I could
+      bring news to our old father that thou art alive, even wert thou in the
+      deepest dungeon of Barbary; for his wealth and my brother's and mine would
+      rescue thee thence! Oh beautiful and generous Zoraida, that I could repay
+      thy goodness to a brother! That I could be present at the new birth
+      of thy soul, and at thy bridal that would give us all such happiness!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this and more the Judge uttered with such deep emotion at the news he
+      had received of his brother that all who heard him shared in it, showing
+      their sympathy with his sorrow. The curate, seeing, then, how well he had
+      succeeded in carrying out his purpose and the captain's wishes, had no
+      desire to keep them unhappy any longer, so he rose from the table and
+      going into the room where Zoraida was he took her by the hand, Luscinda,
+      Dorothea, and the Judge's daughter following her. The captain was waiting
+      to see what the curate would do, when the latter, taking him with the
+      other hand, advanced with both of them to where the Judge and the other
+      gentlemen were and said, "Let your tears cease to flow, Senor Judge, and
+      the wish of your heart be gratified as fully as you could desire, for you
+      have before you your worthy brother and your good sister-in-law. He whom
+      you see here is the Captain Viedma, and this is the fair Moor who has been
+      so good to him. The Frenchmen I told you of have reduced them to the state
+      of poverty you see that you may show the generosity of your kind heart."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The captain ran to embrace his brother, who placed both hands on his
+      breast so as to have a good look at him, holding him a little way off but
+      as soon as he had fully recognised him he clasped him in his arms so
+      closely, shedding such tears of heartfelt joy, that most of those present
+      could not but join in them. The words the brothers exchanged, the emotion
+      they showed can scarcely be imagined, I fancy, much less put down in
+      writing. They told each other in a few words the events of their lives;
+      they showed the true affection of brothers in all its strength; then the
+      judge embraced Zoraida, putting all he possessed at her disposal; then he
+      made his daughter embrace her, and the fair Christian and the lovely Moor
+      drew fresh tears from every eye. And there was Don Quixote observing all
+      these strange proceedings attentively without uttering a word, and
+      attributing the whole to chimeras of knight-errantry. Then they agreed
+      that the captain and Zoraida should return with his brother to Seville,
+      and send news to his father of his having been delivered and found, so as
+      to enable him to come and be present at the marriage and baptism of
+      Zoraida, for it was impossible for the Judge to put off his journey, as he
+      was informed that in a month from that time the fleet was to sail from
+      Seville for New Spain, and to miss the passage would have been a great
+      inconvenience to him. In short, everybody was well pleased and glad at the
+      captive's good fortune; and as now almost two-thirds of the night were
+      past, they resolved to retire to rest for the remainder of it. Don Quixote
+      offered to mount guard over the castle lest they should be attacked by
+      some giant or other malevolent scoundrel, covetous of the great treasure
+      of beauty the castle contained. Those who understood him returned him
+      thanks for this service, and they gave the Judge an account of his
+      extraordinary humour, with which he was not a little amused. Sancho Panza
+      alone was fuming at the lateness of the hour for retiring to rest; and he
+      of all was the one that made himself most comfortable, as he stretched
+      himself on the trappings of his ass, which, as will be told farther on,
+      cost him so dear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The ladies, then, having retired to their chamber, and the others having
+      disposed themselves with as little discomfort as they could, Don Quixote
+      sallied out of the inn to act as sentinel of the castle as he had
+      promised. It happened, however, that a little before the approach of dawn
+      a voice so musical and sweet reached the ears of the ladies that it forced
+      them all to listen attentively, but especially Dorothea, who had been
+      awake, and by whose side Dona Clara de Viedma, for so the Judge's daughter
+      was called, lay sleeping. No one could imagine who it was that sang so
+      sweetly, and the voice was unaccompanied by any instrument. At one moment
+      it seemed to them as if the singer were in the courtyard, at another in
+      the stable; and as they were all attention, wondering, Cardenio came to
+      the door and said, "Listen, whoever is not asleep, and you will hear a
+      muleteer's voice that enchants as it chants."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We are listening to it already, senor," said Dorothea; on which Cardenio
+      went away; and Dorothea, giving all her attention to it, made out the
+      words of the song to be these:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c42e" id="c42e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c42e.jpg (11K)" src="images/c42e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch43" id="ch43"></a>CHAPTER XLIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHEREIN IS RELATED THE PLEASANT STORY OF THE MULETEER, TOGETHER WITH OTHER
+      STRANGE THINGS THAT CAME TO PASS IN THE INN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c43a" id="c43a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c43a.jpg (127K)" src="images/c43a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c43a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+Ah me, Love's mariner am I
+  On Love's deep ocean sailing;
+I know not where the haven lies,
+  I dare not hope to gain it.
+
+One solitary distant star
+  Is all I have to guide me,
+A brighter orb than those of old
+  That Palinurus lighted.
+
+And vaguely drifting am I borne,
+  I know not where it leads me;
+I fix my gaze on it alone,
+  Of all beside it heedless.
+
+But over-cautious prudery,
+  And coyness cold and cruel,
+When most I need it, these, like clouds,
+  Its longed-for light refuse me.
+
+Bright star, goal of my yearning eyes
+  As thou above me beamest,
+When thou shalt hide thee from my sight
+  I'll know that death is near me.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      The singer had got so far when it struck Dorothea that it was not fair to
+      let Clara miss hearing such a sweet voice, so, shaking her from side to
+      side, she woke her, saying:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Forgive me, child, for waking thee, but I do so that thou mayest have the
+      pleasure of hearing the best voice thou hast ever heard, perhaps, in all
+      thy life."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Clara awoke quite drowsy, and not understanding at the moment what
+      Dorothea said, asked her what it was; she repeated what she had said, and
+      Clara became attentive at once; but she had hardly heard two lines, as the
+      singer continued, when a strange trembling seized her, as if she were
+      suffering from a severe attack of quartan ague, and throwing her arms
+      round Dorothea she said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, dear lady of my soul and life! why did you wake me? The greatest
+      kindness fortune could do me now would be to close my eyes and ears so as
+      neither to see or hear that unhappy musician."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What art thou talking about, child?" said Dorothea. "Why, they say this
+      singer is a muleteer!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay, he is the lord of many places," replied Clara, "and that one in my
+      heart which he holds so firmly shall never be taken from him, unless he be
+      willing to surrender it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea was amazed at the ardent language of the girl, for it seemed to
+      be far beyond such experience of life as her tender years gave any promise
+      of, so she said to her:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You speak in such a way that I cannot understand you, Senora Clara;
+      explain yourself more clearly, and tell me what is this you are saying
+      about hearts and places and this musician whose voice has so moved you?
+      But do not tell me anything now; I do not want to lose the pleasure I get
+      from listening to the singer by giving my attention to your transports,
+      for I perceive he is beginning to sing a new strain and a new air."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let him, in Heaven's name," returned Clara; and not to hear him she
+      stopped both ears with her hands, at which Dorothea was again surprised;
+      but turning her attention to the song she found that it ran in this
+      fashion:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+  Sweet Hope, my stay,
+That onward to the goal of thy intent
+  Dost make thy way,
+Heedless of hindrance or impediment,
+  Have thou no fear
+If at each step thou findest death is near.
+
+  No victory,
+No joy of triumph doth the faint heart know;
+  Unblest is he
+That a bold front to Fortune dares not show,
+  But soul and sense
+In bondage yieldeth up to indolence.
+
+  If Love his wares
+Do dearly sell, his right must be contest;
+  What gold compares
+With that whereon his stamp he hath imprest?
+  And all men know
+What costeth little that we rate but low.
+
+  Love resolute
+Knows not the word "impossibility;"
+  And though my suit
+Beset by endless obstacles I see,
+  Yet no despair
+Shall hold me bound to earth while heaven is there.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Here the voice ceased and Clara's sobs began afresh, all which excited
+      Dorothea's curiosity to know what could be the cause of singing so sweet
+      and weeping so bitter, so she again asked her what it was she was going to
+      say before. On this Clara, afraid that Luscinda might overhear her,
+      winding her arms tightly round Dorothea put her mouth so close to her ear
+      that she could speak without fear of being heard by anyone else, and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This singer, dear senora, is the son of a gentleman of Aragon, lord of
+      two villages, who lives opposite my father's house at Madrid; and though
+      my father had curtains to the windows of his house in winter, and
+      lattice-work in summer, in some way&mdash;I know not how&mdash;this
+      gentleman, who was pursuing his studies, saw me, whether in church or
+      elsewhere, I cannot tell, and, in fact, fell in love with me, and gave me
+      to know it from the windows of his house, with so many signs and tears
+      that I was forced to believe him, and even to love him, without knowing
+      what it was he wanted of me. One of the signs he used to make me was to
+      link one hand in the other, to show me he wished to marry me; and though I
+      should have been glad if that could be, being alone and motherless I knew
+      not whom to open my mind to, and so I left it as it was, showing him no
+      favour, except when my father, and his too, were from home, to raise the
+      curtain or the lattice a little and let him see me plainly, at which he
+      would show such delight that he seemed as if he were going mad. Meanwhile
+      the time for my father's departure arrived, which he became aware of, but
+      not from me, for I had never been able to tell him of it. He fell sick, of
+      grief I believe, and so the day we were going away I could not see him to
+      take farewell of him, were it only with the eyes. But after we had been
+      two days on the road, on entering the posada of a village a day's journey
+      from this, I saw him at the inn door in the dress of a muleteer, and so
+      well disguised, that if I did not carry his image graven on my heart it
+      would have been impossible for me to recognise him. But I knew him, and I
+      was surprised, and glad; he watched me, unsuspected by my father, from
+      whom he always hides himself when he crosses my path on the road, or in
+      the posadas where we halt; and, as I know what he is, and reflect that for
+      love of me he makes this journey on foot in all this hardship, I am ready
+      to die of sorrow; and where he sets foot there I set my eyes. I know not
+      with what object he has come; or how he could have got away from his
+      father, who loves him beyond measure, having no other heir, and because he
+      deserves it, as you will perceive when you see him. And moreover, I can
+      tell you, all that he sings is out of his own head; for I have heard them
+      say he is a great scholar and poet; and what is more, every time I see him
+      or hear him sing I tremble all over, and am terrified lest my father
+      should recognise him and come to know of our loves. I have never spoken a
+      word to him in my life; and for all that I love him so that I could not
+      live without him. This, dear senora, is all I have to tell you about the
+      musician whose voice has delighted you so much; and from it alone you
+      might easily perceive he is no muleteer, but a lord of hearts and towns,
+      as I told you already."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say no more, Dona Clara," said Dorothea at this, at the same time kissing
+      her a thousand times over, "say no more, I tell you, but wait till day
+      comes; when I trust in God to arrange this affair of yours so that it may
+      have the happy ending such an innocent beginning deserves."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, senora," said Dona Clara, "what end can be hoped for when his father
+      is of such lofty position, and so wealthy, that he would think I was not
+      fit to be even a servant to his son, much less wife? And as to marrying
+      without the knowledge of my father, I would not do it for all the world. I
+      would not ask anything more than that this youth should go back and leave
+      me; perhaps with not seeing him, and the long distance we shall have to
+      travel, the pain I suffer now may become easier; though I daresay the
+      remedy I propose will do me very little good. I don't know how the devil
+      this has come about, or how this love I have for him got in; I such a
+      young girl, and he such a mere boy; for I verily believe we are both of an
+      age, and I am not sixteen yet; for I will be sixteen Michaelmas Day, next,
+      my father says."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea could not help laughing to hear how like a child Dona Clara
+      spoke. "Let us go to sleep now, senora," said she, "for the little of the
+      night that I fancy is left to us: God will soon send us daylight, and we
+      will set all to rights, or it will go hard with me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this they fell asleep, and deep silence reigned all through the inn.
+      The only persons not asleep were the landlady's daughter and her servant
+      Maritornes, who, knowing the weak point of Don Quixote's humour, and that
+      he was outside the inn mounting guard in armour and on horseback,
+      resolved, the pair of them, to play some trick upon him, or at any rate to
+      amuse themselves for a while by listening to his nonsense. As it so
+      happened there was not a window in the whole inn that looked outwards
+      except a hole in the wall of a straw-loft through which they used to throw
+      out the straw. At this hole the two demi-damsels posted themselves, and
+      observed Don Quixote on his horse, leaning on his pike and from time to
+      time sending forth such deep and doleful sighs, that he seemed to pluck up
+      his soul by the roots with each of them; and they could hear him, too,
+      saying in a soft, tender, loving tone, "Oh my lady Dulcinea del Toboso,
+      perfection of all beauty, summit and crown of discretion, treasure house
+      of grace, depositary of virtue, and finally, ideal of all that is good,
+      honourable, and delectable in this world! What is thy grace doing now? Art
+      thou, perchance, mindful of thy enslaved knight who of his own free will
+      hath exposed himself to so great perils, and all to serve thee? Give me
+      tidings of her, oh luminary of the three faces! Perhaps at this moment,
+      envious of hers, thou art regarding her, either as she paces to and fro
+      some gallery of her sumptuous palaces, or leans over some balcony,
+      meditating how, whilst preserving her purity and greatness, she may
+      mitigate the tortures this wretched heart of mine endures for her sake,
+      what glory should recompense my sufferings, what repose my toil, and
+      lastly what death my life, and what reward my services? And thou, oh sun,
+      that art now doubtless harnessing thy steeds in haste to rise betimes and
+      come forth to see my lady; when thou seest her I entreat of thee to salute
+      her on my behalf: but have a care, when thou shalt see her and salute her,
+      that thou kiss not her face; for I shall be more jealous of thee than thou
+      wert of that light-footed ingrate that made thee sweat and run so on the
+      plains of Thessaly, or on the banks of the Peneus (for I do not exactly
+      recollect where it was thou didst run on that occasion) in thy jealousy
+      and love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote had got so far in his pathetic speech when the landlady's
+      daughter began to signal to him, saying, "Senor, come over here, please."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At these signals and voice Don Quixote turned his head and saw by the
+      light of the moon, which then was in its full splendour, that some one was
+      calling to him from the hole in the wall, which seemed to him to be a
+      window, and what is more, with a gilt grating, as rich castles, such as he
+      believed the inn to be, ought to have; and it immediately suggested itself
+      to his imagination that, as on the former occasion, the fair damsel, the
+      daughter of the lady of the castle, overcome by love for him, was once
+      more endeavouring to win his affections; and with this idea, not to show
+      himself discourteous, or ungrateful, he turned Rocinante's head and
+      approached the hole, and as he perceived the two wenches he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I pity you, beauteous lady, that you should have directed your thoughts
+      of love to a quarter from whence it is impossible that such a return can
+      be made to you as is due to your great merit and gentle birth, for which
+      you must not blame this unhappy knight-errant whom love renders incapable
+      of submission to any other than her whom, the first moment his eyes beheld
+      her, he made absolute mistress of his soul. Forgive me, noble lady, and
+      retire to your apartment, and do not, by any further declaration of your
+      passion, compel me to show myself more ungrateful; and if, of the love you
+      bear me, you should find that there is anything else in my power wherein I
+      can gratify you, provided it be not love itself, demand it of me; for I
+      swear to you by that sweet absent enemy of mine to grant it this instant,
+      though it be that you require of me a lock of Medusa's hair, which was all
+      snakes, or even the very beams of the sun shut up in a vial."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My mistress wants nothing of that sort, sir knight," said Maritornes at
+      this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What then, discreet dame, is it that your mistress wants?" replied Don
+      Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Only one of your fair hands," said Maritornes, "to enable her to vent
+      over it the great passion, passion which has brought her to this loophole,
+      so much to the risk of her honour; for if the lord her father had heard
+      her, the least slice he would cut off her would be her ear."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I should like to see that tried," said Don Quixote; "but he had better
+      beware of that, if he does not want to meet the most disastrous end that
+      ever father in the world met for having laid hands on the tender limbs of
+      a love-stricken daughter."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Maritornes felt sure that Don Quixote would present the hand she had
+      asked, and making up her mind what to do, she got down from the hole and
+      went into the stable, where she took the halter of Sancho Panza's ass, and
+      in all haste returned to the hole, just as Don Quixote had planted himself
+      standing on Rocinante's saddle in order to reach the grated window where
+      he supposed the lovelorn damsel to be; and giving her his hand, he said,
+      "Lady, take this hand, or rather this scourge of the evil-doers of the
+      earth; take, I say, this hand which no other hand of woman has ever
+      touched, not even hers who has complete possession of my entire body. I
+      present it to you, not that you may kiss it, but that you may observe the
+      contexture of the sinews, the close network of the muscles, the breadth
+      and capacity of the veins, whence you may infer what must be the strength
+      of the arm that has such a hand."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That we shall see presently," said Maritornes, and making a running knot
+      on the halter, she passed it over his wrist and coming down from the hole
+      tied the other end very firmly to the bolt of the door of the straw-loft.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, feeling the roughness of the rope on his wrist, exclaimed,
+      "Your grace seems to be grating rather than caressing my hand; treat it
+      not so harshly, for it is not to blame for the offence my resolution has
+      given you, nor is it just to wreak all your vengeance on so small a part;
+      remember that one who loves so well should not revenge herself so
+      cruelly."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But there was nobody now to listen to these words of Don Quixote's, for as
+      soon as Maritornes had tied him she and the other made off, ready to die
+      with laughing, leaving him fastened in such a way that it was impossible
+      for him to release himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was, as has been said, standing on Rocinante, with his arm passed
+      through the hole and his wrist tied to the bolt of the door, and in mighty
+      fear and dread of being left hanging by the arm if Rocinante were to stir
+      one side or the other; so he did not dare to make the least movement,
+      although from the patience and imperturbable disposition of Rocinante, he
+      had good reason to expect that he would stand without budging for a whole
+      century. Finding himself fast, then, and that the ladies had retired, he
+      began to fancy that all this was done by enchantment, as on the former
+      occasion when in that same castle that enchanted Moor of a carrier had
+      belaboured him; and he cursed in his heart his own want of sense and
+      judgment in venturing to enter the castle again, after having come off so
+      badly the first time; it being a settled point with knights-errant that
+      when they have tried an adventure, and have not succeeded in it, it is a
+      sign that it is not reserved for them but for others, and that therefore
+      they need not try it again. Nevertheless he pulled his arm to see if he
+      could release himself, but it had been made so fast that all his efforts
+      were in vain. It is true he pulled it gently lest Rocinante should move,
+      but try as he might to seat himself in the saddle, he had nothing for it
+      but to stand upright or pull his hand off. Then it was he wished for the
+      sword of Amadis, against which no enchantment whatever had any power; then
+      he cursed his ill fortune; then he magnified the loss the world would
+      sustain by his absence while he remained there enchanted, for that he
+      believed he was beyond all doubt; then he once more took to thinking of
+      his beloved Dulcinea del Toboso; then he called to his worthy squire
+      Sancho Panza, who, buried in sleep and stretched upon the pack-saddle of
+      his ass, was oblivious, at that moment, of the mother that bore him; then
+      he called upon the sages Lirgandeo and Alquife to come to his aid; then he
+      invoked his good friend Urganda to succour him; and then, at last, morning
+      found him in such a state of desperation and perplexity that he was
+      bellowing like a bull, for he had no hope that day would bring any relief
+      to his suffering, which he believed would last for ever, inasmuch as he
+      was enchanted; and of this he was convinced by seeing that Rocinante never
+      stirred, much or little, and he felt persuaded that he and his horse were
+      to remain in this state, without eating or drinking or sleeping, until the
+      malign influence of the stars was overpast, or until some other more sage
+      enchanter should disenchant him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But he was very much deceived in this conclusion, for daylight had hardly
+      begun to appear when there came up to the inn four men on horseback, well
+      equipped and accoutred, with firelocks across their saddle-bows. They
+      called out and knocked loudly at the gate of the inn, which was still
+      shut; on seeing which, Don Quixote, even there where he was, did not
+      forget to act as sentinel, and said in a loud and imperious tone,
+      "Knights, or squires, or whatever ye be, ye have no right to knock at the
+      gates of this castle; for it is plain enough that they who are within are
+      either asleep, or else are not in the habit of throwing open the fortress
+      until the sun's rays are spread over the whole surface of the earth.
+      Withdraw to a distance, and wait till it is broad daylight, and then we
+      shall see whether it will be proper or not to open to you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What the devil fortress or castle is this," said one, "to make us stand
+      on such ceremony? If you are the innkeeper bid them open to us; we are
+      travellers who only want to feed our horses and go on, for we are in
+      haste."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do you think, gentlemen, that I look like an innkeeper?" said Don
+      Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know what you look like," replied the other; "but I know that you
+      are talking nonsense when you call this inn a castle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A castle it is," returned Don Quixote, "nay, more, one of the best in
+      this whole province, and it has within it people who have had the sceptre
+      in the hand and the crown on the head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It would be better if it were the other way," said the traveller, "the
+      sceptre on the head and the crown in the hand; but if so, may be there is
+      within some company of players, with whom it is a common thing to have
+      those crowns and sceptres you speak of; for in such a small inn as this,
+      and where such silence is kept, I do not believe any people entitled to
+      crowns and sceptres can have taken up their quarters."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You know but little of the world," returned Don Quixote, "since you are
+      ignorant of what commonly occurs in knight-errantry."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the comrades of the spokesman, growing weary of the dialogue with Don
+      Quixote, renewed their knocks with great vehemence, so much so that the
+      host, and not only he but everybody in the inn, awoke, and he got up to
+      ask who knocked. It happened at this moment that one of the horses of the
+      four who were seeking admittance went to smell Rocinante, who melancholy,
+      dejected, and with drooping ears stood motionless, supporting his sorely
+      stretched master; and as he was, after all, flesh, though he looked as if
+      he were made of wood, he could not help giving way and in return smelling
+      the one who had come to offer him attentions. But he had hardly moved at
+      all when Don Quixote lost his footing; and slipping off the saddle, he
+      would have come to the ground, but for being suspended by the arm, which
+      caused him such agony that he believed either his wrist would be cut
+      through or his arm torn off; and he hung so near the ground that he could
+      just touch it with his feet, which was all the worse for him; for, finding
+      how little was wanted to enable him to plant his feet firmly, he struggled
+      and stretched himself as much as he could to gain a footing; just like
+      those undergoing the torture of the strappado, when they are fixed at
+      "touch and no touch," who aggravate their own sufferings by their violent
+      efforts to stretch themselves, deceived by the hope which makes them fancy
+      that with a very little more they will reach the ground.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c43b" id="c43b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c43b.jpg (272K)" src="images/c43b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c43b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c43e" id="c43e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c43e.jpg (20K)" src="images/c43e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch44" id="ch44"></a>CHAPTER XLIV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH ARE CONTINUED THE UNHEARD-OF ADVENTURES OF THE INN
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c44a" id="c44a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c44a.jpg (144K)" src="images/c44a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c44a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So loud, in fact, were the shouts of Don Quixote, that the landlord
+      opening the gate of the inn in all haste, came out in dismay, and ran to
+      see who was uttering such cries, and those who were outside joined him.
+      Maritornes, who had been by this time roused up by the same outcry,
+      suspecting what it was, ran to the loft and, without anyone seeing her,
+      untied the halter by which Don Quixote was suspended, and down he came to
+      the ground in the sight of the landlord and the travellers, who
+      approaching asked him what was the matter with him that he shouted so. He
+      without replying a word took the rope off his wrist, and rising to his
+      feet leaped upon Rocinante, braced his buckler on his arm, put his lance
+      in rest, and making a considerable circuit of the plain came back at a
+      half-gallop exclaiming:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Whoever shall say that I have been enchanted with just cause, provided my
+      lady the Princess Micomicona grants me permission to do so, I give him the
+      lie, challenge him and defy him to single combat."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The newly arrived travellers were amazed at the words of Don Quixote; but
+      the landlord removed their surprise by telling them who he was, and not to
+      mind him as he was out of his senses. They then asked the landlord if by
+      any chance a youth of about fifteen years of age had come to that inn, one
+      dressed like a muleteer, and of such and such an appearance, describing
+      that of Dona Clara's lover. The landlord replied that there were so many
+      people in the inn he had not noticed the person they were inquiring for;
+      but one of them observing the coach in which the Judge had come, said, "He
+      is here no doubt, for this is the coach he is following: let one of us
+      stay at the gate, and the rest go in to look for him; or indeed it would
+      be as well if one of us went round the inn, lest he should escape over the
+      wall of the yard." "So be it," said another; and while two of them went
+      in, one remained at the gate and the other made the circuit of the inn;
+      observing all which, the landlord was unable to conjecture for what reason
+      they were taking all these precautions, though he understood they were
+      looking for the youth whose description they had given him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was by this time broad daylight; and for that reason, as well as in
+      consequence of the noise Don Quixote had made, everybody was awake and up,
+      but particularly Dona Clara and Dorothea; for they had been able to sleep
+      but badly that night, the one from agitation at having her lover so near
+      her, the other from curiosity to see him. Don Quixote, when he saw that
+      not one of the four travellers took any notice of him or replied to his
+      challenge, was furious and ready to die with indignation and wrath; and if
+      he could have found in the ordinances of chivalry that it was lawful for a
+      knight-errant to undertake or engage in another enterprise, when he had
+      plighted his word and faith not to involve himself in any until he had
+      made an end of the one to which he was pledged, he would have attacked the
+      whole of them, and would have made them return an answer in spite of
+      themselves. But considering that it would not become him, nor be right, to
+      begin any new emprise until he had established Micomicona in her kingdom,
+      he was constrained to hold his peace and wait quietly to see what would be
+      the upshot of the proceedings of those same travellers; one of whom found
+      the youth they were seeking lying asleep by the side of a muleteer,
+      without a thought of anyone coming in search of him, much less finding
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The man laid hold of him by the arm, saying, "It becomes you well indeed,
+      Senor Don Luis, to be in the dress you wear, and well the bed in which I
+      find you agrees with the luxury in which your mother reared you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The youth rubbed his sleepy eyes and stared for a while at him who held
+      him, but presently recognised him as one of his father's servants, at
+      which he was so taken aback that for some time he could not find or utter
+      a word; while the servant went on to say, "There is nothing for it now,
+      Senor Don Luis, but to submit quietly and return home, unless it is your
+      wish that my lord, your father, should take his departure for the other
+      world, for nothing else can be the consequence of the grief he is in at
+      your absence."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But how did my father know that I had gone this road and in this dress?"
+      said Don Luis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was a student to whom you confided your intentions," answered the
+      servant, "that disclosed them, touched with pity at the distress he saw
+      your father suffer on missing you; he therefore despatched four of his
+      servants in quest of you, and here we all are at your service, better
+      pleased than you can imagine that we shall return so soon and be able to
+      restore you to those eyes that so yearn for you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That shall be as I please, or as heaven orders," returned Don Luis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What can you please or heaven order," said the other, "except to agree to
+      go back? Anything else is impossible."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All this conversation between the two was overheard by the muleteer at
+      whose side Don Luis lay, and rising, he went to report what had taken
+      place to Don Fernando, Cardenio, and the others, who had by this time
+      dressed themselves; and told them how the man had addressed the youth as
+      "Don," and what words had passed, and how he wanted him to return to his
+      father, which the youth was unwilling to do. With this, and what they
+      already knew of the rare voice that heaven had bestowed upon him, they all
+      felt very anxious to know more particularly who he was, and even to help
+      him if it was attempted to employ force against him; so they hastened to
+      where he was still talking and arguing with his servant. Dorothea at this
+      instant came out of her room, followed by Dona Clara all in a tremor; and
+      calling Cardenio aside, she told him in a few words the story of the
+      musician and Dona Clara, and he at the same time told her what had
+      happened, how his father's servants had come in search of him; but in
+      telling her so, he did not speak low enough but that Dona Clara heard what
+      he said, at which she was so much agitated that had not Dorothea hastened
+      to support her she would have fallen to the ground. Cardenio then bade
+      Dorothea return to her room, as he would endeavour to make the whole
+      matter right, and they did as he desired. All the four who had come in
+      quest of Don Luis had now come into the inn and surrounded him, urging him
+      to return and console his father at once and without a moment's delay. He
+      replied that he could not do so on any account until he had concluded some
+      business in which his life, honour, and heart were at stake. The servants
+      pressed him, saying that most certainly they would not return without him,
+      and that they would take him away whether he liked it or not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You shall not do that," replied Don Luis, "unless you take me dead;
+      though however you take me, it will be without life."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time most of those in the inn had been attracted by the dispute,
+      but particularly Cardenio, Don Fernando, his companions, the Judge, the
+      curate, the barber, and Don Quixote; for he now considered there was no
+      necessity for mounting guard over the castle any longer. Cardenio being
+      already acquainted with the young man's story, asked the men who wanted to
+      take him away, what object they had in seeking to carry off this youth
+      against his will.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Our object," said one of the four, "is to save the life of his father,
+      who is in danger of losing it through this gentleman's disappearance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Upon this Don Luis exclaimed, "There is no need to make my affairs public
+      here; I am free, and I will return if I please; and if not, none of you
+      shall compel me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Reason will compel your worship," said the man, "and if it has no power
+      over you, it has power over us, to make us do what we came for, and what
+      it is our duty to do."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Let us hear what the whole affair is about," said the Judge at this; but
+      the man, who knew him as a neighbour of theirs, replied, "Do you not know
+      this gentleman, Senor Judge? He is the son of your neighbour, who has run
+      away from his father's house in a dress so unbecoming his rank, as your
+      worship may perceive."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The judge on this looked at him more carefully and recognised him, and
+      embracing him said, "What folly is this, Senor Don Luis, or what can have
+      been the cause that could have induced you to come here in this way, and
+      in this dress, which so ill becomes your condition?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Tears came into the eyes of the young man, and he was unable to utter a
+      word in reply to the Judge, who told the four servants not to be uneasy,
+      for all would be satisfactorily settled; and then taking Don Luis by the
+      hand, he drew him aside and asked the reason of his having come there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But while he was questioning him they heard a loud outcry at the gate of
+      the inn, the cause of which was that two of the guests who had passed the
+      night there, seeing everybody busy about finding out what it was the four
+      men wanted, had conceived the idea of going off without paying what they
+      owed; but the landlord, who minded his own affairs more than other
+      people's, caught them going out of the gate and demanded his reckoning,
+      abusing them for their dishonesty with such language that he drove them to
+      reply with their fists, and so they began to lay on him in such a style
+      that the poor man was forced to cry out, and call for help. The landlady
+      and her daughter could see no one more free to give aid than Don Quixote,
+      and to him the daughter said, "Sir knight, by the virtue God has given
+      you, help my poor father, for two wicked men are beating him to a mummy."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote very deliberately and phlegmatically replied, "Fair
+      damsel, at the present moment your request is inopportune, for I am
+      debarred from involving myself in any adventure until I have brought to a
+      happy conclusion one to which my word has pledged me; but that which I can
+      do for you is what I will now mention: run and tell your father to stand
+      his ground as well as he can in this battle, and on no account to allow
+      himself to be vanquished, while I go and request permission of the
+      Princess Micomicona to enable me to succour him in his distress; and if
+      she grants it, rest assured I will relieve him from it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sinner that I am," exclaimed Maritornes, who stood by; "before you have
+      got your permission my master will be in the other world."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Give me leave, senora, to obtain the permission I speak of," returned Don
+      Quixote; "and if I get it, it will matter very little if he is in the
+      other world; for I will rescue him thence in spite of all the same world
+      can do; or at any rate I will give you such a revenge over those who shall
+      have sent him there that you will be more than moderately satisfied;" and
+      without saying anything more he went and knelt before Dorothea, requesting
+      her Highness in knightly and errant phrase to be pleased to grant him
+      permission to aid and succour the castellan of that castle, who now stood
+      in grievous jeopardy. The princess granted it graciously, and he at once,
+      bracing his buckler on his arm and drawing his sword, hastened to the
+      inn-gate, where the two guests were still handling the landlord roughly;
+      but as soon as he reached the spot he stopped short and stood still,
+      though Maritornes and the landlady asked him why he hesitated to help
+      their master and husband.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I hesitate," said Don Quixote, "because it is not lawful for me to draw
+      sword against persons of squirely condition; but call my squire Sancho to
+      me; for this defence and vengeance are his affair and business."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus matters stood at the inn-gate, where there was a very lively exchange
+      of fisticuffs and punches, to the sore damage of the landlord and to the
+      wrath of Maritornes, the landlady, and her daughter, who were furious when
+      they saw the pusillanimity of Don Quixote, and the hard treatment their
+      master, husband and father was undergoing. But let us leave him there; for
+      he will surely find some one to help him, and if not, let him suffer and
+      hold his tongue who attempts more than his strength allows him to do; and
+      let us go back fifty paces to see what Don Luis said in reply to the Judge
+      whom we left questioning him privately as to his reasons for coming on
+      foot and so meanly dressed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which the youth, pressing his hand in a way that showed his heart was
+      troubled by some great sorrow, and shedding a flood of tears, made answer:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor, I have no more to tell you than that from the moment when, through
+      heaven's will and our being near neighbours, I first saw Dona Clara, your
+      daughter and my lady, from that instant I made her the mistress of my
+      will, and if yours, my true lord and father, offers no impediment, this
+      very day she shall become my wife. For her I left my father's house, and
+      for her I assumed this disguise, to follow her whithersoever she may go,
+      as the arrow seeks its mark or the sailor the pole-star. She knows nothing
+      more of my passion than what she may have learned from having sometimes
+      seen from a distance that my eyes were filled with tears. You know
+      already, senor, the wealth and noble birth of my parents, and that I am
+      their sole heir; if this be a sufficient inducement for you to venture to
+      make me completely happy, accept me at once as your son; for if my father,
+      influenced by other objects of his own, should disapprove of this
+      happiness I have sought for myself, time has more power to alter and
+      change things, than human will."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With this the love-smitten youth was silent, while the Judge, after
+      hearing him, was astonished, perplexed, and surprised, as well at the
+      manner and intelligence with which Don Luis had confessed the secret of
+      his heart, as at the position in which he found himself, not knowing what
+      course to take in a matter so sudden and unexpected. All the answer,
+      therefore, he gave him was to bid him to make his mind easy for the
+      present, and arrange with his servants not to take him back that day, so
+      that there might be time to consider what was best for all parties. Don
+      Luis kissed his hands by force, nay, bathed them with his tears, in a way
+      that would have touched a heart of marble, not to say that of the Judge,
+      who, as a shrewd man, had already perceived how advantageous the marriage
+      would be to his daughter; though, were it possible, he would have
+      preferred that it should be brought about with the consent of the father
+      of Don Luis, who he knew looked for a title for his son.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The guests had by this time made peace with the landlord, for, by
+      persuasion and Don Quixote's fair words more than by threats, they had
+      paid him what he demanded, and the servants of Don Luis were waiting for
+      the end of the conversation with the Judge and their master's decision,
+      when the devil, who never sleeps, contrived that the barber, from whom Don
+      Quixote had taken Mambrino's helmet, and Sancho Panza the trappings of his
+      ass in exchange for those of his own, should at this instant enter the
+      inn; which said barber, as he led his ass to the stable, observed Sancho
+      Panza engaged in repairing something or other belonging to the
+      pack-saddle; and the moment he saw it he knew it, and made bold to attack
+      Sancho, exclaiming, "Ho, sir thief, I have caught you! hand over my basin
+      and my pack-saddle, and all my trappings that you robbed me of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho, finding himself so unexpectedly assailed, and hearing the abuse
+      poured upon him, seized the pack-saddle with one hand, and with the other
+      gave the barber a cuff that bathed his teeth in blood. The barber,
+      however, was not so ready to relinquish the prize he had made in the
+      pack-saddle; on the contrary, he raised such an outcry that everyone in
+      the inn came running to know what the noise and quarrel meant. "Here, in
+      the name of the king and justice!" he cried, "this thief and highwayman
+      wants to kill me for trying to recover my property."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You lie," said Sancho, "I am no highwayman; it was in fair war my master
+      Don Quixote won these spoils."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was standing by at the time, highly pleased to see his
+      squire's stoutness, both offensive and defensive, and from that time forth
+      he reckoned him a man of mettle, and in his heart resolved to dub him a
+      knight on the first opportunity that presented itself, feeling sure that
+      the order of chivalry would be fittingly bestowed upon him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the course of the altercation, among other things the barber said,
+      "Gentlemen, this pack-saddle is mine as surely as I owe God a death, and I
+      know it as well as if I had given birth to it, and here is my ass in the
+      stable who will not let me lie; only try it, and if it does not fit him
+      like a glove, call me a rascal; and what is more, the same day I was
+      robbed of this, they robbed me likewise of a new brass basin, never yet
+      handselled, that would fetch a crown any day."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this Don Quixote could not keep himself from answering; and interposing
+      between the two, and separating them, he placed the pack-saddle on the
+      ground, to lie there in sight until the truth was established, and said,
+      "Your worships may perceive clearly and plainly the error under which this
+      worthy squire lies when he calls a basin which was, is, and shall be the
+      helmet of Mambrino which I won from him in fair war, and made myself master
+      of by legitimate and lawful possession. With the pack-saddle I do not
+      concern myself; but I may tell you on that head that my squire Sancho
+      asked my permission to strip off the caparison of this vanquished
+      poltroon's steed, and with it adorn his own; I allowed him, and he took
+      it; and as to its having been changed from a caparison into a pack-saddle,
+      I can give no explanation except the usual one, that such transformations
+      will take place in adventures of chivalry. To confirm all which, run,
+      Sancho my son, and fetch hither the helmet which this good fellow calls a
+      basin."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Egad, master," said Sancho, "if we have no other proof of our case than
+      what your worship puts forward, Mambrino's helmet is just as much a basin
+      as this good fellow's caparison is a pack-saddle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do as I bid thee," said Don Quixote; "it cannot be that everything in
+      this castle goes by enchantment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho hastened to where the basin was, and brought it back with him, and
+      when Don Quixote saw it, he took hold of it and said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your worships may see with what a face this squire can assert that this
+      is a basin and not the helmet I told you of; and I swear by the order of
+      chivalry I profess, that this helmet is the identical one I took from him,
+      without anything added to or taken from it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no doubt of that," said Sancho, "for from the time my master won
+      it until now he has only fought one battle in it, when he let loose those
+      unlucky men in chains; and if had not been for this basin-helmet he would
+      not have come off over well that time, for there was plenty of
+      stone-throwing in that affair."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c44e" id="c44e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c44e.jpg (13K)" src="images/c44e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch45" id="ch45"></a>CHAPTER XLV.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH THE DOUBTFUL QUESTION OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET AND THE PACK-SADDLE IS
+      FINALLY SETTLED, WITH OTHER ADVENTURES THAT OCCURRED IN TRUTH AND EARNEST
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c45a" id="c45a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c45a.jpg (154K)" src="images/c45a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c45a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What do you think now, gentlemen," said the barber, "of what these
+      gentles say, when they want to make out that this is a helmet?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And whoever says the contrary," said Don Quixote, "I will let him know he
+      lies if he is a knight, and if he is a squire that he lies again a
+      thousand times."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our own barber, who was present at all this, and understood Don Quixote's
+      humour so thoroughly, took it into his head to back up his delusion and
+      carry on the joke for the general amusement; so addressing the other
+      barber he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Senor barber, or whatever you are, you must know that I belong to your
+      profession too, and have had a licence to practise for more than twenty
+      years, and I know the implements of the barber craft, every one of them,
+      perfectly well; and I was likewise a soldier for some time in the days of
+      my youth, and I know also what a helmet is, and a morion, and a headpiece
+      with a visor, and other things pertaining to soldiering, I meant to say to
+      soldiers' arms; and I say&mdash;saving better opinions and always with
+      submission to sounder judgments&mdash;that this piece we have now before
+      us, which this worthy gentleman has in his hands, not only is no barber's
+      basin, but is as far from being one as white is from black, and truth from
+      falsehood; I say, moreover, that this, although it is a helmet, is not a
+      complete helmet."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Certainly not," said Don Quixote, "for half of it is wanting, that is to
+      say the beaver."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is quite true," said the curate, who saw the object of his friend the
+      barber; and Cardenio, Don Fernando and his companions agreed with him, and
+      even the Judge, if his thoughts had not been so full of Don Luis's affair,
+      would have helped to carry on the joke; but he was so taken up with the
+      serious matters he had on his mind that he paid little or no attention to
+      these facetious proceedings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "God bless me!" exclaimed their butt the barber at this; "is it possible
+      that such an honourable company can say that this is not a basin but a
+      helmet? Why, this is a thing that would astonish a whole university,
+      however wise it might be! That will do; if this basin is a helmet, why,
+      then the pack-saddle must be a horse's caparison, as this gentleman has
+      said."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me it looks like a pack-saddle," said Don Quixote; "but I have already
+      said that with that question I do not concern myself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As to whether it be pack-saddle or caparison," said the curate, "it is
+      only for Senor Don Quixote to say; for in these matters of chivalry all
+      these gentlemen and I bow to his authority."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By God, gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "so many strange things have
+      happened to me in this castle on the two occasions on which I have
+      sojourned in it, that I will not venture to assert anything positively in
+      reply to any question touching anything it contains; for it is my belief
+      that everything that goes on within it goes by enchantment. The first
+      time, an enchanted Moor that there is in it gave me sore trouble, nor did
+      Sancho fare well among certain followers of his; and last night I was kept
+      hanging by this arm for nearly two hours, without knowing how or why I
+      came by such a mishap. So that now, for me to come forward to give an
+      opinion in such a puzzling matter, would be to risk a rash decision. As
+      regards the assertion that this is a basin and not a helmet I have already
+      given an answer; but as to the question whether this is a pack-saddle or a
+      caparison I will not venture to give a positive opinion, but will leave it
+      to your worships' better judgment. Perhaps as you are not dubbed knights
+      like myself, the enchantments of this place have nothing to do with you,
+      and your faculties are unfettered, and you can see things in this castle
+      as they really and truly are, and not as they appear to me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There can be no question," said Don Fernando on this, "but that Senor Don
+      Quixote has spoken very wisely, and that with us rests the decision of
+      this matter; and that we may have surer ground to go on, I will take the
+      votes of the gentlemen in secret, and declare the result clearly and
+      fully."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To those who were in on the secret of Don Quixote's humour all this afforded
+      great amusement; but to those who knew nothing about it, it seemed the
+      greatest nonsense in the world, in particular to the four servants of Don
+      Luis, as well as to Don Luis himself, and to three other travellers who
+      had by chance come to the inn, and had the appearance of officers of the
+      Holy Brotherhood, as indeed they were; but the one who above all was at
+      his wits' end was the barber whose basin, there before his very eyes, had been
+      turned into Mambrino's helmet, and whose pack-saddle he had no doubt
+      whatever was about to become a rich caparison for a horse. All laughed to
+      see Don Fernando going from one to another collecting the votes, and
+      whispering to them to give him their private opinion whether the treasure
+      over which there had been so much fighting was a pack-saddle or a
+      caparison; but after he had taken the votes of those who knew Don Quixote,
+      he said aloud, "The fact is, my good fellow, that I am tired collecting
+      such a number of opinions, for I find that there is not one of whom I ask
+      what I desire to know, who does not tell me that it is absurd to say that
+      this is the pack-saddle of an ass, and not the caparison of a horse, nay,
+      of a thoroughbred horse; so you must submit, for, in spite of you and your
+      ass, this is a caparison and no pack-saddle, and you have stated and
+      proved your case very badly."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May I never share heaven," said the poor barber, "if your worships are
+      not all mistaken; and may my soul appear before God as that appears to me
+      a pack-saddle and not a caparison; but, 'laws go,'&mdash;I say no more;
+      and indeed I am not drunk, for I am fasting, except it be from sin."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The simple talk of the barber did not afford less amusement than the
+      absurdities of Don Quixote, who now observed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no more to be done now than for each to take what belongs to
+      him, and to whom God has given it, may St. Peter add his blessing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But said one of the four servants, "Unless, indeed, this is a deliberate
+      joke, I cannot bring myself to believe that men so intelligent as those
+      present are, or seem to be, can venture to declare and assert that this is
+      not a basin, and that not a pack-saddle; but as I perceive that they do
+      assert and declare it, I can only come to the conclusion that there is
+      some mystery in this persistence in what is so opposed to the evidence of
+      experience and truth itself; for I swear by"&mdash;and here he rapped out
+      a round oath&mdash;"all the people in the world will not make me believe
+      that this is not a barber's basin and that a jackass's pack-saddle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It might easily be a she-ass's," observed the curate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is all the same," said the servant; "that is not the point; but
+      whether it is or is not a pack-saddle, as your worships say."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On hearing this one of the newly arrived officers of the Brotherhood, who
+      had been listening to the dispute and controversy, unable to restrain his
+      anger and impatience, exclaimed, "It is a pack-saddle as sure as my father
+      is my father, and whoever has said or will say anything else must be
+      drunk."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You lie like a rascally clown," returned Don Quixote; and lifting his
+      pike, which he had never let out of his hand, he delivered such a blow at
+      his head that, had not the officer dodged it, it would have stretched him
+      at full length. The pike was shivered in pieces against the ground, and
+      the rest of the officers, seeing their comrade assaulted, raised a shout,
+      calling for help for the Holy Brotherhood. The landlord, who was of the
+      fraternity, ran at once to fetch his staff of office and his sword, and
+      ranged himself on the side of his comrades; the servants of Don Luis
+      clustered round him, lest he should escape from them in the confusion; the
+      barber, seeing the house turned upside down, once more laid hold of his
+      pack-saddle and Sancho did the same; Don Quixote drew his sword and
+      charged the officers; Don Luis cried out to his servants to leave him
+      alone and go and help Don Quixote, and Cardenio and Don Fernando, who were
+      supporting him; the curate was shouting at the top of his voice, the
+      landlady was screaming, her daughter was wailing, Maritornes was weeping,
+      Dorothea was aghast, Luscinda terror-stricken, and Dona Clara in a faint.
+      The barber cudgelled Sancho, and Sancho pommelled the barber; Don Luis
+      gave one of his servants, who ventured to catch him by the arm to keep him
+      from escaping, a cuff that bathed his teeth in blood; the Judge took his
+      part; Don Fernando had got one of the officers down and was belabouring
+      him heartily; the landlord raised his voice again calling for help for the
+      Holy Brotherhood; so that the whole inn was nothing but cries, shouts,
+      shrieks, confusion, terror, dismay, mishaps, sword-cuts, fisticuffs,
+      cudgellings, kicks, and bloodshed; and in the midst of all this chaos,
+      complication, and general entanglement, Don Quixote took it into his head
+      that he had been plunged into the thick of the discord of Agramante's
+      camp; and, in a voice that shook the inn like thunder, he cried out:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Hold all, let all sheathe their swords, let all be calm and attend to me
+      as they value their lives!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All paused at his mighty voice, and he went on to say, "Did I not tell
+      you, sirs, that this castle was enchanted, and that a legion or so of
+      devils dwelt in it? In proof whereof I call upon you to behold with your
+      own eyes how the discord of Agramante's camp has come hither, and been
+      transferred into the midst of us. See how they fight, there for the sword,
+      here for the horse, on that side for the eagle, on this for the helmet; we
+      are all fighting, and all at cross purposes. Come then, you, Senor Judge,
+      and you, senor curate; let the one represent King Agramante and the other
+      King Sobrino, and make peace among us; for by God Almighty it is a sorry
+      business that so many persons of quality as we are should slay one another
+      for such trifling cause." The officers, who did not understand Don
+      Quixote's mode of speaking, and found themselves roughly handled by Don
+      Fernando, Cardenio, and their companions, were not to be appeased; the
+      barber was, however, for both his beard and his pack-saddle were the worse
+      for the struggle; Sancho like a good servant obeyed the slightest word of
+      his master; while the four servants of Don Luis kept quiet when they saw
+      how little they gained by not being so. The landlord alone insisted upon
+      it that they must punish the insolence of this madman, who at every turn
+      raised a disturbance in the inn; but at length the uproar was stilled for
+      the present; the pack-saddle remained a caparison till the day of
+      judgment, and the basin a helmet and the inn a castle in Don Quixote's
+      imagination.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All having been now pacified and made friends by the persuasion of the
+      Judge and the curate, the servants of Don Luis began again to urge him to
+      return with them at once; and while he was discussing the matter with
+      them, the Judge took counsel with Don Fernando, Cardenio, and the curate
+      as to what he ought to do in the case, telling them how it stood, and what
+      Don Luis had said to him. It was agreed at length that Don Fernando should
+      tell the servants of Don Luis who he was, and that it was his desire that
+      Don Luis should accompany him to Andalusia, where he would receive from
+      the marquis his brother the welcome his quality entitled him to; for,
+      otherwise, it was easy to see from the determination of Don Luis that he
+      would not return to his father at present, though they tore him to pieces.
+      On learning the rank of Don Fernando and the resolution of Don Luis the
+      four then settled it between themselves that three of them should return
+      to tell his father how matters stood, and that the other should remain to
+      wait upon Don Luis, and not leave him until they came back for him, or his
+      father's orders were known. Thus by the authority of Agramante and the
+      wisdom of King Sobrino all this complication of disputes was arranged; but
+      the enemy of concord and hater of peace, feeling himself slighted and made
+      a fool of, and seeing how little he had gained after having involved them
+      all in such an elaborate entanglement, resolved to try his hand once more
+      by stirring up fresh quarrels and disturbances.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It came about in this wise: the officers were pacified on learning the
+      rank of those with whom they had been engaged, and withdrew from the
+      contest, considering that whatever the result might be they were likely to
+      get the worst of the battle; but one of them, the one who had been
+      thrashed and kicked by Don Fernando, recollected that among some warrants
+      he carried for the arrest of certain delinquents, he had one against Don
+      Quixote, whom the Holy Brotherhood had ordered to be arrested for setting
+      the galley slaves free, as Sancho had, with very good reason, apprehended.
+      Suspecting how it was, then, he wished to satisfy himself as to whether
+      Don Quixote's features corresponded; and taking a parchment out of his
+      bosom he lit upon what he was in search of, and setting himself to read it
+      deliberately, for he was not a quick reader, as he made out each word he
+      fixed his eyes on Don Quixote, and went on comparing the description in
+      the warrant with his face, and discovered that beyond all doubt he was the
+      person described in it. As soon as he had satisfied himself, folding up
+      the parchment, he took the warrant in his left hand and with his right
+      seized Don Quixote by the collar so tightly that he did not allow him to
+      breathe, and shouted aloud, "Help for the Holy Brotherhood! and that you
+      may see I demand it in earnest, read this warrant which says this
+      highwayman is to be arrested."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate took the warrant and saw that what the officer said was true,
+      and that it agreed with Don Quixote's appearance, who, on his part, when
+      he found himself roughly handled by this rascally clown, worked up to the
+      highest pitch of wrath, and all his joints cracking with rage, with both
+      hands seized the officer by the throat with all his might, so that had he
+      not been helped by his comrades he would have yielded up his life ere Don
+      Quixote released his hold. The landlord, who had perforce to support his
+      brother officers, ran at once to aid them. The landlady, when she saw her
+      husband engaged in a fresh quarrel, lifted up her voice afresh, and its
+      note was immediately caught up by Maritornes and her daughter, calling
+      upon heaven and all present for help; and Sancho, seeing what was going
+      on, exclaimed, "By the Lord, it is quite true what my master says about
+      the enchantments of this castle, for it is impossible to live an hour in
+      peace in it!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Fernando parted the officer and Don Quixote, and to their mutual
+      contentment made them relax the grip by which they held, the one the coat
+      collar, the other the throat of his adversary; for all this, however, the
+      officers did not cease to demand their prisoner and call on them to help,
+      and deliver him over bound into their power, as was required for the
+      service of the King and of the Holy Brotherhood, on whose behalf they
+      again demanded aid and assistance to effect the capture of this robber and
+      footpad of the highways.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote smiled when he heard these words, and said very calmly, "Come
+      now, base, ill-born brood; call ye it highway robbery to give freedom to
+      those in bondage, to release the captives, to succour the miserable, to
+      raise up the fallen, to relieve the needy? Infamous beings, who by your
+      vile grovelling intellects deserve that heaven should not make known to
+      you the virtue that lies in knight-errantry, or show you the sin and
+      ignorance in which ye lie when ye refuse to respect the shadow, not to say
+      the presence, of any knight-errant! Come now; band, not of officers, but
+      of thieves; footpads with the licence of the Holy Brotherhood; tell me who
+      was the ignoramus who signed a warrant of arrest against such a knight as
+      I am? Who was he that did not know that knights-errant are independent of
+      all jurisdictions, that their law is their sword, their charter their
+      prowess, and their edicts their will? Who, I say again, was the fool that
+      knows not that there are no letters patent of nobility that confer such
+      privileges or exemptions as a knight-errant acquires the day he is dubbed
+      a knight, and devotes himself to the arduous calling of chivalry? What
+      knight-errant ever paid poll-tax, duty, queen's pin-money, king's dues,
+      toll or ferry? What tailor ever took payment of him for making his
+      clothes? What castellan that received him in his castle ever made him pay
+      his shot? What king did not seat him at his table? What damsel was not
+      enamoured of him and did not yield herself up wholly to his will and
+      pleasure? And, lastly, what knight-errant has there been, is there, or
+      will there ever be in the world, not bold enough to give, single-handed,
+      four hundred cudgellings to four hundred officers of the Holy Brotherhood
+      if they come in his way?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch46" id="ch46"></a>CHAPTER XLVI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE END OF THE NOTABLE ADVENTURE OF THE OFFICERS OF THE HOLY
+      BROTHERHOOD; AND OF THE GREAT FEROCITY OF OUR WORTHY KNIGHT, DON QUIXOTE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c46a" id="c46a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c46a.jpg (163K)" src="images/c46a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c46a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While Don Quixote was talking in this strain, the curate was endeavouring
+      to persuade the officers that he was out of his senses, as they might
+      perceive by his deeds and his words, and that they need not press the
+      matter any further, for even if they arrested him and carried him off,
+      they would have to release him by-and-by as a madman; to which the holder
+      of the warrant replied that he had nothing to do with inquiring into Don
+      Quixote's madness, but only to execute his superior's orders, and that
+      once taken they might let him go three hundred times if they liked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that," said the curate, "you must not take him away this time,
+      nor will he, it is my opinion, let himself be taken away."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In short, the curate used such arguments, and Don Quixote did such mad
+      things, that the officers would have been more mad than he was if they had
+      not perceived his want of wits, and so they thought it best to allow
+      themselves to be pacified, and even to act as peacemakers between the
+      barber and Sancho Panza, who still continued their altercation with much
+      bitterness. In the end they, as officers of justice, settled the question
+      by arbitration in such a manner that both sides were, if not perfectly
+      contented, at least to some extent satisfied; for they changed the
+      pack-saddles, but not the girths or head-stalls; and as to Mambrino's
+      helmet, the curate, under the rose and without Don Quixote's knowing it,
+      paid eight reals for the basin, and the barber executed a full receipt and
+      engagement to make no further demand then or thenceforth for evermore,
+      amen. These two disputes, which were the most important and gravest, being
+      settled, it only remained for the servants of Don Luis to consent that
+      three of them should return while one was left to accompany him whither
+      Don Fernando desired to take him; and good luck and better fortune, having
+      already begun to solve difficulties and remove obstructions in favour of
+      the lovers and warriors of the inn, were pleased to persevere and bring
+      everything to a happy issue; for the servants agreed to do as Don Luis
+      wished; which gave Dona Clara such happiness that no one could have looked
+      into her face just then without seeing the joy of her heart. Zoraida,
+      though she did not fully comprehend all she saw, was grave or gay without
+      knowing why, as she watched and studied the various countenances, but
+      particularly her Spaniard's, whom she followed with her eyes and clung to
+      with her soul. The gift and compensation which the curate gave the barber
+      had not escaped the landlord's notice, and he demanded Don Quixote's
+      reckoning, together with the amount of the damage to his wine-skins, and
+      the loss of his wine, swearing that neither Rocinante nor Sancho's ass
+      should leave the inn until he had been paid to the very last farthing. The
+      curate settled all amicably, and Don Fernando paid; though the Judge had
+      also very readily offered to pay the score; and all became so peaceful and
+      quiet that the inn no longer reminded one of the discord of Agramante's
+      camp, as Don Quixote said, but of the peace and tranquillity of the days
+      of Octavianus: for all which it was the universal opinion that their
+      thanks were due to the great zeal and eloquence of the curate, and to the
+      unexampled generosity of Don Fernando.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Finding himself now clear and quit of all quarrels, his squire's as well
+      as his own, Don Quixote considered that it would be advisable to continue
+      the journey he had begun, and bring to a close that great adventure for
+      which he had been called and chosen; and with this high resolve he went
+      and knelt before Dorothea, who, however, would not allow him to utter a
+      word until he had risen; so to obey her he rose, and said, "It is a common
+      proverb, fair lady, that 'diligence is the mother of good fortune,' and
+      experience has often shown in important affairs that the earnestness of
+      the negotiator brings the doubtful case to a successful termination; but
+      in nothing does this truth show itself more plainly than in war, where
+      quickness and activity forestall the devices of the enemy, and win the
+      victory before the foe has time to defend himself. All this I say, exalted
+      and esteemed lady, because it seems to me that for us to remain any longer
+      in this castle now is useless, and may be injurious to us in a way that we
+      shall find out some day; for who knows but that your enemy the giant may
+      have learned by means of secret and diligent spies that I am going to
+      destroy him, and if the opportunity be given him he may seize it to
+      fortify himself in some impregnable castle or stronghold, against which
+      all my efforts and the might of my indefatigable arm may avail but little?
+      Therefore, lady, let us, as I say, forestall his schemes by our activity,
+      and let us depart at once in quest of fair fortune; for your highness is
+      only kept from enjoying it as fully as you could desire by my delay in
+      encountering your adversary."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote held his peace and said no more, calmly awaiting the reply of
+      the beauteous princess, who, with commanding dignity and in a style
+      adapted to Don Quixote's own, replied to him in these words, "I give you
+      thanks, sir knight, for the eagerness you, like a good knight to whom it
+      is a natural obligation to succour the orphan and the needy, display to
+      afford me aid in my sore trouble; and heaven grant that your wishes and
+      mine may be realised, so that you may see that there are women in this
+      world capable of gratitude; as to my departure, let it be forthwith, for I
+      have no will but yours; dispose of me entirely in accordance with your
+      good pleasure; for she who has once entrusted to you the defence of her
+      person, and placed in your hands the recovery of her dominions, must not
+      think of offering opposition to that which your wisdom may ordain."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On, then, in God's name," said Don Quixote; "for, when a lady humbles
+      herself to me, I will not lose the opportunity of raising her up and
+      placing her on the throne of her ancestors. Let us depart at once, for the
+      common saying that in delay there is danger, lends spurs to my eagerness
+      to take the road; and as neither heaven has created nor hell seen any that
+      can daunt or intimidate me, saddle Rocinante, Sancho, and get ready thy
+      ass and the queen's palfrey, and let us take leave of the castellan and
+      these gentlemen, and go hence this very instant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho, who was standing by all the time, said, shaking his head, "Ah!
+      master, master, there is more mischief in the village than one hears of,
+      begging all good bodies' pardon."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What mischief can there be in any village, or in all the cities of the
+      world, you booby, that can hurt my reputation?" said Don Quixote.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If your worship is angry," replied Sancho, "I will hold my tongue and
+      leave unsaid what as a good squire I am bound to say, and what a good
+      servant should tell his master."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Say what thou wilt," returned Don Quixote, "provided thy words be not
+      meant to work upon my fears; for thou, if thou fearest, art behaving like
+      thyself; but I like myself, in not fearing."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is nothing of the sort, as I am a sinner before God," said Sancho,
+      "but that I take it to be sure and certain that this lady, who calls
+      herself queen of the great kingdom of Micomicon, is no more so than my
+      mother; for, if she was what she says, she would not go rubbing noses with
+      one that is here every instant and behind every door."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dorothea turned red at Sancho's words, for the truth was that her husband
+      Don Fernando had now and then, when the others were not looking, gathered
+      from her lips some of the reward his love had earned, and Sancho seeing
+      this had considered that such freedom was more like a courtesan than a
+      queen of a great kingdom; she, however, being unable or not caring to
+      answer him, allowed him to proceed, and he continued, "This I say, senor,
+      because, if after we have travelled roads and highways, and passed bad
+      nights and worse days, one who is now enjoying himself in this inn is to
+      reap the fruit of our labours, there is no need for me to be in a hurry to
+      saddle Rocinante, put the pad on the ass, or get ready the palfrey; for it
+      will be better for us to stay quiet, and let every jade mind her spinning,
+      and let us go to dinner."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Good God, what was the indignation of Don Quixote when he heard the
+      audacious words of his squire! So great was it, that in a voice
+      inarticulate with rage, with a stammering tongue, and eyes that flashed
+      living fire, he exclaimed, "Rascally clown, boorish, insolent, and
+      ignorant, ill-spoken, foul-mouthed, impudent backbiter and slanderer! Hast
+      thou dared to utter such words in my presence and in that of these
+      illustrious ladies? Hast thou dared to harbour such gross and shameless
+      thoughts in thy muddled imagination? Begone from my presence, thou born
+      monster, storehouse of lies, hoard of untruths, garner of knaveries,
+      inventor of scandals, publisher of absurdities, enemy of the respect due
+      to royal personages! Begone, show thyself no more before me under pain of
+      my wrath;" and so saying he knitted his brows, puffed out his cheeks,
+      gazed around him, and stamped on the ground violently with his right foot,
+      showing in every way the rage that was pent up in his heart; and at his
+      words and furious gestures Sancho was so scared and terrified that he
+      would have been glad if the earth had opened that instant and swallowed
+      him, and his only thought was to turn round and make his escape from the
+      angry presence of his master.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the ready-witted Dorothea, who by this time so well understood Don
+      Quixote's humour, said, to mollify his wrath, "Be not irritated at the
+      absurdities your good squire has uttered, Sir Knight of the Rueful
+      Countenance, for perhaps he did not utter them without cause, and from his
+      good sense and Christian conscience it is not likely that he would bear
+      false witness against anyone. We may therefore believe, without any
+      hesitation, that since, as you say, sir knight, everything in this castle
+      goes and is brought about by means of enchantment, Sancho, I say, may
+      possibly have seen, through this diabolical medium, what he says he saw so
+      much to the detriment of my modesty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I swear by God Omnipotent," exclaimed Don Quixote at this, "your highness
+      has hit the point; and that some vile illusion must have come before this
+      sinner of a Sancho, that made him see what it would have been impossible
+      to see by any other means than enchantments; for I know well enough, from
+      the poor fellow's goodness and harmlessness, that he is incapable of
+      bearing false witness against anybody."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True, no doubt," said Don Fernando, "for which reason, Senor Don Quixote,
+      you ought to forgive him and restore him to the bosom of your favour,
+      sicut erat in principio, before illusions of this sort had taken away his
+      senses."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote said he was ready to pardon him, and the curate went for
+      Sancho, who came in very humbly, and falling on his knees begged for the
+      hand of his master, who having presented it to him and allowed him to kiss
+      it, gave him his blessing and said, "Now, Sancho my son, thou wilt be
+      convinced of the truth of what I have many a time told thee, that
+      everything in this castle is done by means of enchantment."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So it is, I believe," said Sancho, "except the affair of the blanket,
+      which came to pass in reality by ordinary means."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Believe it not," said Don Quixote, "for had it been so, I would have
+      avenged thee that instant, or even now; but neither then nor now could I,
+      nor have I seen anyone upon whom to avenge thy wrong."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They were all eager to know what the affair of the blanket was, and the
+      landlord gave them a minute account of Sancho's flights, at which they
+      laughed not a little, and at which Sancho would have been no less out of
+      countenance had not his master once more assured him it was all
+      enchantment. For all that his simplicity never reached so high a pitch
+      that he could persuade himself it was not the plain and simple truth,
+      without any deception whatever about it, that he had been blanketed by
+      beings of flesh and blood, and not by visionary and imaginary phantoms, as
+      his master believed and protested.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The illustrious company had now been two days in the inn; and as it seemed
+      to them time to depart, they devised a plan so that, without giving
+      Dorothea and Don Fernando the trouble of going back with Don Quixote to
+      his village under pretence of restoring Queen Micomicona, the curate and
+      the barber might carry him away with them as they proposed, and the curate
+      be able to take his madness in hand at home; and in pursuance of their
+      plan they arranged with the owner of an oxcart who happened to be passing
+      that way to carry him after this fashion. They constructed a kind of cage
+      with wooden bars, large enough to hold Don Quixote comfortably; and then
+      Don Fernando and his companions, the servants of Don Luis, and the
+      officers of the Brotherhood, together with the landlord, by the directions
+      and advice of the curate, covered their faces and disguised themselves,
+      some in one way, some in another, so as to appear to Don Quixote quite
+      different from the persons he had seen in the castle. This done, in
+      profound silence they entered the room where he was asleep, taking his
+      rest after the past frays, and advancing to where he was sleeping
+      tranquilly, not dreaming of anything of the kind happening, they seized
+      him firmly and bound him fast hand and foot, so that, when he awoke
+      startled, he was unable to move, and could only marvel and wonder at the
+      strange figures he saw before him; upon which he at once gave way to the
+      idea which his crazed fancy invariably conjured up before him, and took it
+      into his head that all these shapes were phantoms of the enchanted castle,
+      and that he himself was unquestionably enchanted as he could neither move
+      nor help himself; precisely what the curate, the concoctor of the scheme,
+      expected would happen. Of all that were there Sancho was the only one who
+      was at once in his senses and in his own proper character, and he, though
+      he was within very little of sharing his master's infirmity, did not fail
+      to perceive who all these disguised figures were; but he did not dare to
+      open his lips until he saw what came of this assault and capture of his
+      master; nor did the latter utter a word, waiting to the upshot of his
+      mishap; which was that bringing in the cage, they shut him up in it and
+      nailed the bars so firmly that they could not be easily burst open.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c46b" id="c46b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c46b.jpg (342K)" src="images/c46b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c46b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They then took him on their shoulders, and as they passed out of the room
+      an awful voice&mdash;as much so as the barber, not he of the pack-saddle
+      but the other, was able to make it&mdash;was heard to say, "O Knight of
+      the Rueful Countenance, let not this captivity in which thou art placed
+      afflict thee, for this must needs be, for the more speedy accomplishment
+      of the adventure in which thy great heart has engaged thee; the which
+      shall be accomplished when the raging Manchegan lion and the white Tobosan
+      dove shall be linked together, having first humbled their haughty necks to
+      the gentle yoke of matrimony. And from this marvellous union shall come
+      forth to the light of the world brave whelps that shall rival the ravening
+      claws of their valiant father; and this shall come to pass ere the pursuer
+      of the flying nymph shall in his swift natural course have twice visited
+      the starry signs. And thou, O most noble and obedient squire that ever
+      bore sword at side, beard on face, or nose to smell with, be not dismayed
+      or grieved to see the flower of knight-errantry carried away thus before
+      thy very eyes; for soon, if it so please the Framer of the universe, thou
+      shalt see thyself exalted to such a height that thou shalt not know
+      thyself, and the promises which thy good master has made thee shall not
+      prove false; and I assure thee, on the authority of the sage Mentironiana,
+      that thy wages shall be paid thee, as thou shalt see in due season. Follow
+      then the footsteps of the valiant enchanted knight, for it is expedient
+      that thou shouldst go to the destination assigned to both of you; and as
+      it is not permitted to me to say more, God be with thee; for I return to
+      that place I wot of;" and as he brought the prophecy to a close he raised
+      his voice to a high pitch, and then lowered it to such a soft tone, that
+      even those who knew it was all a joke were almost inclined to take what
+      they heard seriously.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote was comforted by the prophecy he heard, for he at once
+      comprehended its meaning perfectly, and perceived it was promised to him
+      that he should see himself united in holy and lawful matrimony with his
+      beloved Dulcinea del Toboso, from whose blessed womb should proceed the
+      whelps, his sons, to the eternal glory of La Mancha; and being thoroughly
+      and firmly persuaded of this, he lifted up his voice, and with a deep sigh
+      exclaimed, "Oh thou, whoever thou art, who hast foretold me so much good,
+      I implore of thee that on my part thou entreat that sage enchanter who
+      takes charge of my interests, that he leave me not to perish in this
+      captivity in which they are now carrying me away, ere I see fulfilled
+      promises so joyful and incomparable as those which have been now made me;
+      for, let this but come to pass, and I shall glory in the pains of my
+      prison, find comfort in these chains wherewith they bind me, and regard
+      this bed whereon they stretch me, not as a hard battle-field, but as a
+      soft and happy nuptial couch; and touching the consolation of Sancho
+      Panza, my squire, I rely upon his goodness and rectitude that he will not
+      desert me in good or evil fortune; for if, by his ill luck or mine, it may
+      not happen to be in my power to give him the island I have promised, or
+      any equivalent for it, at least his wages shall not be lost; for in my
+      will, which is already made, I have declared the sum that shall be paid to
+      him, measured, not by his many faithful services, but by the means at my
+      disposal."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho bowed his head very respectfully and kissed both his hands, for,
+      being tied together, he could not kiss one; and then the apparitions
+      lifted the cage upon their shoulders and fixed it upon the ox-cart.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c46e" id="c46e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c46e.jpg (56K)" src="images/c46e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c46e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch47" id="ch47"></a>CHAPTER XLVII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE STRANGE MANNER IN WHICH DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA WAS CARRIED AWAY
+      ENCHANTED, TOGETHER WITH OTHER REMARKABLE INCIDENTS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c47a" id="c47a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c47a.jpg (181K)" src="images/c47a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c47a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Don Quixote saw himself caged and hoisted on the cart in this way, he
+      said, "Many grave histories of knights-errant have I read; but never yet
+      have I read, seen, or heard of their carrying off enchanted knights-errant
+      in this fashion, or at the slow pace that these lazy, sluggish animals
+      promise; for they always take them away through the air with marvellous
+      swiftness, enveloped in a dark thick cloud, or on a chariot of fire, or it
+      may be on some hippogriff or other beast of the kind; but to carry me off
+      like this on an ox-cart! By God, it puzzles me! But perhaps the chivalry
+      and enchantments of our day take a different course from that of those in
+      days gone by; and it may be, too, that as I am a new knight in the world,
+      and the first to revive the already forgotten calling of
+      knight-adventurers, they may have newly invented other kinds of
+      enchantments and other modes of carrying off the enchanted. What thinkest
+      thou of the matter, Sancho my son?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c47b" id="c47b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c47b.jpg (357K)" src="images/c47b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c47b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't know what to think," answered Sancho, "not being as well read as
+      your worship in errant writings; but for all that I venture to say and
+      swear that these apparitions that are about us are not quite catholic."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Catholic!" said Don Quixote. "Father of me! how can they be Catholic when
+      they are all devils that have taken fantastic shapes to come and do this,
+      and bring me to this condition? And if thou wouldst prove it, touch them,
+      and feel them, and thou wilt find they have only bodies of air, and no
+      consistency except in appearance."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By God, master," returned Sancho, "I have touched them already; and that
+      devil, that goes about there so busily, has firm flesh, and another
+      property very different from what I have heard say devils have, for by all
+      accounts they all smell of brimstone and other bad smells; but this one
+      smells of amber half a league off." Sancho was here speaking of Don
+      Fernando, who, like a gentleman of his rank, was very likely perfumed as
+      Sancho said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Marvel not at that, Sancho my friend," said Don Quixote; "for let me tell
+      thee devils are crafty; and even if they do carry odours about with them,
+      they themselves have no smell, because they are spirits; or, if they have
+      any smell, they cannot smell of anything sweet, but of something foul and
+      fetid; and the reason is that as they carry hell with them wherever they
+      go, and can get no ease whatever from their torments, and as a sweet smell
+      is a thing that gives pleasure and enjoyment, it is impossible that they
+      can smell sweet; if, then, this devil thou speakest of seems to thee to
+      smell of amber, either thou art deceiving thyself, or he wants to deceive
+      thee by making thee fancy he is not a devil."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such was the conversation that passed between master and man; and Don
+      Fernando and Cardenio, apprehensive of Sancho's making a complete
+      discovery of their scheme, towards which he had already gone some way,
+      resolved to hasten their departure, and calling the landlord aside, they
+      directed him to saddle Rocinante and put the pack-saddle on Sancho's ass,
+      which he did with great alacrity. In the meantime the curate had made an
+      arrangement with the officers that they should bear them company as far as
+      his village, he paying them so much a day. Cardenio hung the buckler on
+      one side of the bow of Rocinante's saddle and the basin on the other, and
+      by signs commanded Sancho to mount his ass and take Rocinante's bridle,
+      and at each side of the cart he placed two officers with their muskets;
+      but before the cart was put in motion, out came the landlady and her
+      daughter and Maritornes to bid Don Quixote farewell, pretending to weep
+      with grief at his misfortune; and to them Don Quixote said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Weep not, good ladies, for all these mishaps are the lot of those who
+      follow the profession I profess; and if these reverses did not befall me I
+      should not esteem myself a famous knight-errant; for such things never
+      happen to knights of little renown and fame, because nobody in the world
+      thinks about them; to valiant knights they do, for these are envied for
+      their virtue and valour by many princes and other knights who compass the
+      destruction of the worthy by base means. Nevertheless, virtue is of
+      herself so mighty, that, in spite of all the magic that Zoroaster its
+      first inventor knew, she will come victorious out of every trial, and shed
+      her light upon the earth as the sun does upon the heavens. Forgive me,
+      fair ladies, if, through inadvertence, I have in aught offended you; for
+      intentionally and wittingly I have never done so to any; and pray to God
+      that he deliver me from this captivity to which some malevolent enchanter
+      has consigned me; and should I find myself released therefrom, the favours
+      that ye have bestowed upon me in this castle shall be held in memory by
+      me, that I may acknowledge, recognise, and requite them as they deserve."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While this was passing between the ladies of the castle and Don Quixote,
+      the curate and the barber bade farewell to Don Fernando and his
+      companions, to the captain, his brother, and the ladies, now all made
+      happy, and in particular to Dorothea and Luscinda. They all embraced one
+      another, and promised to let each other know how things went with them,
+      and Don Fernando directed the curate where to write to him, to tell him
+      what became of Don Quixote, assuring him that there was nothing that could
+      give him more pleasure than to hear of it, and that he too, on his part,
+      would send him word of everything he thought he would like to know, about
+      his marriage, Zoraida's baptism, Don Luis's affair, and Luscinda's return
+      to her home. The curate promised to comply with his request carefully, and
+      they embraced once more, and renewed their promises.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The landlord approached the curate and handed him some papers, saying he
+      had discovered them in the lining of the valise in which the novel of "The
+      Ill-advised Curiosity" had been found, and that he might take them all
+      away with him as their owner had not since returned; for, as he could not
+      read, he did not want them himself. The curate thanked him, and opening
+      them he saw at the beginning of the manuscript the words, "Novel of
+      Rinconete and Cortadillo," by which he perceived that it was a novel, and
+      as that of "The Ill-advised Curiosity" had been good he concluded this
+      would be so too, as they were both probably by the same author; so he kept
+      it, intending to read it when he had an opportunity. He then mounted and
+      his friend the barber did the same, both masked, so as not to be
+      recognised by Don Quixote, and set out following in the rear of the cart.
+      The order of march was this: first went the cart with the owner leading
+      it; at each side of it marched the officers of the Brotherhood, as has
+      been said, with their muskets; then followed Sancho Panza on his ass,
+      leading Rocinante by the bridle; and behind all came the curate and the
+      barber on their mighty mules, with faces covered, as aforesaid, and a
+      grave and serious air, measuring their pace to suit the slow steps of the
+      oxen. Don Quixote was seated in the cage, with his hands tied and his feet
+      stretched out, leaning against the bars as silent and as patient as if he
+      were a stone statue and not a man of flesh. Thus slowly and silently they
+      made, it might be, two leagues, until they reached a valley which the
+      carter thought a convenient place for resting and feeding his oxen, and he
+      said so to the curate, but the barber was of opinion that they ought to
+      push on a little farther, as at the other side of a hill which appeared
+      close by he knew there was a valley that had more grass and much better
+      than the one where they proposed to halt; and his advice was taken and
+      they continued their journey.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Just at that moment the curate, looking back, saw coming on behind them
+      six or seven mounted men, well found and equipped, who soon overtook them,
+      for they were travelling, not at the sluggish, deliberate pace of oxen,
+      but like men who rode canons' mules, and in haste to take their noontide
+      rest as soon as possible at the inn which was in sight not a league off.
+      The quick travellers came up with the slow, and courteous salutations were
+      exchanged; and one of the new comers, who was, in fact, a canon of Toledo
+      and master of the others who accompanied him, observing the regular order
+      of the procession, the cart, the officers, Sancho, Rocinante, the curate
+      and the barber, and above all Don Quixote caged and confined, could not
+      help asking what was the meaning of carrying the man in that fashion;
+      though, from the badges of the officers, he already concluded that he must
+      be some desperate highwayman or other malefactor whose punishment fell
+      within the jurisdiction of the Holy Brotherhood. One of the officers to
+      whom he had put the question, replied, "Let the gentleman himself tell you
+      the meaning of his going this way, senor, for we do not know."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote overheard the conversation and said, "Haply, gentlemen, you
+      are versed and learned in matters of errant chivalry? Because if you are I
+      will tell you my misfortunes; if not, there is no good in my giving myself
+      the trouble of relating them;" but here the curate and the barber, seeing
+      that the travellers were engaged in conversation with Don Quixote, came
+      forward, in order to answer in such a way as to save their stratagem from
+      being discovered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon, replying to Don Quixote, said, "In truth, brother, I know more
+      about books of chivalry than I do about Villalpando's elements of logic;
+      so if that be all, you may safely tell me what you please."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In God's name, then, senor," replied Don Quixote; "if that be so, I would
+      have you know that I am held enchanted in this cage by the envy and fraud
+      of wicked enchanters; for virtue is more persecuted by the wicked than
+      loved by the good. I am a knight-errant, and not one of those whose names
+      Fame has never thought of immortalising in her record, but of those who,
+      in defiance and in spite of envy itself, and all the magicians that
+      Persia, or Brahmans that India, or Gymnosophists that Ethiopia ever
+      produced, will place their names in the temple of immortality, to serve as
+      examples and patterns for ages to come, whereby knights-errant may see the
+      footsteps in which they must tread if they would attain the summit and
+      crowning point of honour in arms."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha says," observed the curate, "is the
+      truth; for he goes enchanted in this cart, not from any fault or sins of
+      his, but because of the malevolence of those to whom virtue is odious and
+      valour hateful. This, senor, is the Knight of the Rueful Countenance, if
+      you have ever heard him named, whose valiant achievements and mighty deeds
+      shall be written on lasting brass and imperishable marble, notwithstanding
+      all the efforts of envy to obscure them and malice to hide them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the canon heard both the prisoner and the man who was at liberty talk
+      in such a strain he was ready to cross himself in his astonishment, and
+      could not make out what had befallen him; and all his attendants were in
+      the same state of amazement.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this point Sancho Panza, who had drawn near to hear the conversation,
+      said, in order to make everything plain, "Well, sirs, you may like or
+      dislike what I am going to say, but the fact of the matter is, my master,
+      Don Quixote, is just as much enchanted as my mother. He is in his full
+      senses, he eats and he drinks, and he has his calls like other men and as
+      he had yesterday, before they caged him. And if that's the case, what do
+      they mean by wanting me to believe that he is enchanted? For I have heard
+      many a one say that enchanted people neither eat, nor sleep, nor talk; and
+      my master, if you don't stop him, will talk more than thirty lawyers."
+      Then turning to the curate he exclaimed, "Ah, senor curate, senor curate!
+      do you think I don't know you? Do you think I don't guess and see the
+      drift of these new enchantments? Well then, I can tell you I know you, for
+      all your face is covered, and I can tell you I am up to you, however you
+      may hide your tricks. After all, where envy reigns virtue cannot live, and
+      where there is niggardliness there can be no liberality. Ill betide the
+      devil! if it had not been for your worship my master would be married to
+      the Princess Micomicona this minute, and I should be a count at least; for
+      no less was to be expected, as well from the goodness of my master, him of
+      the Rueful Countenance, as from the greatness of my services. But I see
+      now how true it is what they say in these parts, that the wheel of fortune
+      turns faster than a mill-wheel, and that those who were up yesterday are
+      down to-day. I am sorry for my wife and children, for when they might
+      fairly and reasonably expect to see their father return to them a governor
+      or viceroy of some island or kingdom, they will see him come back a
+      horse-boy. I have said all this, senor curate, only to urge your paternity
+      to lay to your conscience your ill-treatment of my master; and have a care
+      that God does not call you to account in another life for making a
+      prisoner of him in this way, and charge against you all the succours and
+      good deeds that my lord Don Quixote leaves undone while he is shut up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Trim those lamps there!" exclaimed the barber at this; "so you are of the
+      same fraternity as your master, too, Sancho? By God, I begin to see that
+      you will have to keep him company in the cage, and be enchanted like him
+      for having caught some of his humour and chivalry. It was an evil hour
+      when you let yourself be got with child by his promises, and that island
+      you long so much for found its way into your head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am not with child by anyone," returned Sancho, "nor am I a man to let
+      myself be got with child, if it was by the King himself. Though I am poor
+      I am an old Christian, and I owe nothing to nobody, and if I long for an
+      island, other people long for worse. Each of us is the son of his own
+      works; and being a man I may come to be pope, not to say governor of an
+      island, especially as my master may win so many that he will not know whom
+      to give them to. Mind how you talk, master barber; for shaving is not
+      everything, and there is some difference between Peter and Peter. I say
+      this because we all know one another, and it will not do to throw false
+      dice with me; and as to the enchantment of my master, God knows the truth;
+      leave it as it is; it only makes it worse to stir it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The barber did not care to answer Sancho lest by his plain speaking he
+      should disclose what the curate and he himself were trying so hard to
+      conceal; and under the same apprehension the curate had asked the canon to
+      ride on a little in advance, so that he might tell him the mystery of this
+      man in the cage, and other things that would amuse him. The canon agreed,
+      and going on ahead with his servants, listened with attention to the
+      account of the character, life, madness, and ways of Don Quixote, given
+      him by the curate, who described to him briefly the beginning and origin
+      of his craze, and told him the whole story of his adventures up to his
+      being confined in the cage, together with the plan they had of taking him
+      home to try if by any means they could discover a cure for his madness.
+      The canon and his servants were surprised anew when they heard Don
+      Quixote's strange story, and when it was finished he said, "To tell the
+      truth, senor curate, I for my part consider what they call books of
+      chivalry to be mischievous to the State; and though, led by idle and false
+      taste, I have read the beginnings of almost all that have been printed, I
+      never could manage to read any one of them from beginning to end; for it
+      seems to me they are all more or less the same thing; and one has nothing
+      more in it than another; this no more than that. And in my opinion this
+      sort of writing and composition is of the same species as the fables they
+      call the Milesian, nonsensical tales that aim solely at giving amusement
+      and not instruction, exactly the opposite of the apologue fables which
+      amuse and instruct at the same time. And though it may be the chief object
+      of such books to amuse, I do not know how they can succeed, when they are
+      so full of such monstrous nonsense. For the enjoyment the mind feels must
+      come from the beauty and harmony which it perceives or contemplates in the
+      things that the eye or the imagination brings before it; and nothing that
+      has any ugliness or disproportion about it can give any pleasure. What
+      beauty, then, or what proportion of the parts to the whole, or of the
+      whole to the parts, can there be in a book or fable where a lad of sixteen
+      cuts down a giant as tall as a tower and makes two halves of him as if he
+      was an almond cake? And when they want to give us a picture of a battle,
+      after having told us that there are a million of combatants on the side of
+      the enemy, let the hero of the book be opposed to them, and we have
+      perforce to believe, whether we like it or not, that the said knight wins
+      the victory by the single might of his strong arm. And then, what shall we
+      say of the facility with which a born queen or empress will give herself
+      over into the arms of some unknown wandering knight? What mind, that is
+      not wholly barbarous and uncultured, can find pleasure in reading of how a
+      great tower full of knights sails away across the sea like a ship with a
+      fair wind, and will be to-night in Lombardy and to-morrow morning in the
+      land of Prester John of the Indies, or some other that Ptolemy never
+      described nor Marco Polo saw? And if, in answer to this, I am told that
+      the authors of books of the kind write them as fiction, and therefore are
+      not bound to regard niceties of truth, I would reply that fiction is all
+      the better the more it looks like truth, and gives the more pleasure the
+      more probability and possibility there is about it. Plots in fiction
+      should be wedded to the understanding of the reader, and be constructed in
+      such a way that, reconciling impossibilities, smoothing over difficulties,
+      keeping the mind on the alert, they may surprise, interest, divert, and
+      entertain, so that wonder and delight joined may keep pace one with the
+      other; all which he will fail to effect who shuns verisimilitude and truth
+      to nature, wherein lies the perfection of writing. I have never yet seen
+      any book of chivalry that puts together a connected plot complete in all
+      its numbers, so that the middle agrees with the beginning, and the end
+      with the beginning and middle; on the contrary, they construct them with
+      such a multitude of members that it seems as though they meant to produce
+      a chimera or monster rather than a well-proportioned figure. And besides
+      all this they are harsh in their style, incredible in their achievements,
+      licentious in their amours, uncouth in their courtly speeches, prolix in
+      their battles, silly in their arguments, absurd in their travels, and, in
+      short, wanting in everything like intelligent art; for which reason they
+      deserve to be banished from the Christian commonwealth as a worthless
+      breed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c47c" id="c47c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c47c.jpg (300K)" src="images/c47c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c47c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The curate listened to him attentively and felt that he was a man of sound
+      understanding, and that there was good reason in what he said; so he told
+      him that, being of the same opinion himself, and bearing a grudge to books
+      of chivalry, he had burned all Don Quixote's, which were many; and gave
+      him an account of the scrutiny he had made of them, and of those he had
+      condemned to the flames and those he had spared, with which the canon was
+      not a little amused, adding that though he had said so much in
+      condemnation of these books, still he found one good thing in them, and
+      that was the opportunity they afforded to a gifted intellect for
+      displaying itself; for they presented a wide and spacious field over which
+      the pen might range freely, describing shipwrecks, tempests, combats,
+      battles, portraying a valiant captain with all the qualifications
+      requisite to make one, showing him sagacious in foreseeing the wiles of
+      the enemy, eloquent in speech to encourage or restrain his soldiers, ripe
+      in counsel, rapid in resolve, as bold in biding his time as in pressing
+      the attack; now picturing some sad tragic incident, now some joyful and
+      unexpected event; here a beauteous lady, virtuous, wise, and modest; there
+      a Christian knight, brave and gentle; here a lawless, barbarous braggart;
+      there a courteous prince, gallant and gracious; setting forth the devotion
+      and loyalty of vassals, the greatness and generosity of nobles. "Or
+      again," said he, "the author may show himself to be an astronomer, or a
+      skilled cosmographer, or musician, or one versed in affairs of state, and
+      sometimes he will have a chance of coming forward as a magician if he
+      likes. He can set forth the craftiness of Ulysses, the piety of AEneas,
+      the valour of Achilles, the misfortunes of Hector, the treachery of Sinon,
+      the friendship of Euryalus, the generosity of Alexander, the boldness of
+      Caesar, the clemency and truth of Trajan, the fidelity of Zopyrus, the
+      wisdom of Cato, and in short all the faculties that serve to make an
+      illustrious man perfect, now uniting them in one individual, again
+      distributing them among many; and if this be done with charm of style and
+      ingenious invention, aiming at the truth as much as possible, he will
+      assuredly weave a web of bright and varied threads that, when finished,
+      will display such perfection and beauty that it will attain the worthiest
+      object any writing can seek, which, as I said before, is to give
+      instruction and pleasure combined; for the unrestricted range of these
+      books enables the author to show his powers, epic, lyric, tragic, or
+      comic, and all the moods the sweet and winning arts of poesy and oratory
+      are capable of; for the epic may be written in prose just as well as in
+      verse."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c47e" id="c47e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c47e.jpg (67K)" src="images/c47e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c47e.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch48" id="ch48"></a>CHAPTER XLVIII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      IN WHICH THE CANON PURSUES THE SUBJECT OF THE BOOKS OF CHIVALRY, WITH
+      OTHER MATTERS WORTHY OF HIS WIT
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c48a" id="c48a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c48a.jpg (80K)" src="images/c48a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c48a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is as you say, senor canon," said the curate; "and for that reason
+      those who have hitherto written books of the sort deserve all the more
+      censure for writing without paying any attention to good taste or the
+      rules of art, by which they might guide themselves and become as famous in
+      prose as the two princes of Greek and Latin poetry are in verse."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I myself, at any rate," said the canon, "was once tempted to write a book
+      of chivalry in which all the points I have mentioned were to be observed;
+      and if I must own the truth I have more than a hundred sheets written; and
+      to try if it came up to my own opinion of it, I showed them to persons who
+      were fond of this kind of reading, to learned and intelligent men as well
+      as to ignorant people who cared for nothing but the pleasure of listening
+      to nonsense, and from all I obtained flattering approval; nevertheless I
+      proceeded no farther with it, as well because it seemed to me an
+      occupation inconsistent with my profession, as because I perceived that
+      the fools are more numerous than the wise; and, though it is better to be
+      praised by the wise few than applauded by the foolish many, I have no mind
+      to submit myself to the stupid judgment of the silly public, to whom the
+      reading of such books falls for the most part.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what most of all made me hold my hand and even abandon all idea of
+      finishing it was an argument I put to myself taken from the plays that are
+      acted now-a-days, which was in this wise: if those that are now in vogue,
+      as well those that are pure invention as those founded on history, are,
+      all or most of them, downright nonsense and things that have neither head
+      nor tail, and yet the public listens to them with delight, and regards and
+      cries them up as perfection when they are so far from it; and if the
+      authors who write them, and the players who act them, say that this is
+      what they must be, for the public wants this and will have nothing else;
+      and that those that go by rule and work out a plot according to the laws
+      of art will only find some half-dozen intelligent people to understand
+      them, while all the rest remain blind to the merit of their composition;
+      and that for themselves it is better to get bread from the many than
+      praise from the few; then my book will fare the same way, after I have
+      burnt off my eyebrows in trying to observe the principles I have spoken
+      of, and I shall be 'the tailor of the corner.' And though I have sometimes
+      endeavoured to convince actors that they are mistaken in this notion they
+      have adopted, and that they would attract more people, and get more
+      credit, by producing plays in accordance with the rules of art, than by
+      absurd ones, they are so thoroughly wedded to their own opinion that no
+      argument or evidence can wean them from it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I remember saying one day to one of these obstinate fellows, 'Tell me, do
+      you not recollect that a few years ago, there were three tragedies acted
+      in Spain, written by a famous poet of these kingdoms, which were such that
+      they filled all who heard them with admiration, delight, and interest, the
+      ignorant as well as the wise, the masses as well as the higher orders, and
+      brought in more money to the performers, these three alone, than thirty of
+      the best that have been since produced?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'No doubt,' replied the actor in question, 'you mean the "Isabella," the
+      "Phyllis," and the "Alexandra."'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'Those are the ones I mean,' said I; 'and see if they did not observe the
+      principles of art, and if, by observing them, they failed to show their
+      superiority and please all the world; so that the fault does not lie with
+      the public that insists upon nonsense, but with those who don't know how
+      to produce something else. "The Ingratitude Revenged" was not nonsense,
+      nor was there any in "The Numantia," nor any to be found in "The Merchant
+      Lover," nor yet in "The Friendly Fair Foe," nor in some others that have
+      been written by certain gifted poets, to their own fame and renown, and to
+      the profit of those that brought them out;' some further remarks I added
+      to these, with which, I think, I left him rather dumbfoundered, but not so
+      satisfied or convinced that I could disabuse him of his error."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You have touched upon a subject, senor canon," observed the curate here,
+      "that has awakened an old enmity I have against the plays in vogue at the
+      present day, quite as strong as that which I bear to the books of
+      chivalry; for while the drama, according to Tully, should be the mirror of
+      human life, the model of manners, and the image of the truth, those which
+      are presented now-a-days are mirrors of nonsense, models of folly, and
+      images of lewdness. For what greater nonsense can there be in connection
+      with what we are now discussing than for an infant to appear in swaddling
+      clothes in the first scene of the first act, and in the second a grown-up
+      bearded man? Or what greater absurdity can there be than putting before us
+      an old man as a swashbuckler, a young man as a poltroon, a lackey using
+      fine language, a page giving sage advice, a king plying as a porter, a
+      princess who is a kitchen-maid? And then what shall I say of their
+      attention to the time in which the action they represent may or can take
+      place, save that I have seen a play where the first act began in Europe,
+      the second in Asia, the third finished in Africa, and no doubt, had it
+      been in four acts, the fourth would have ended in America, and so it would
+      have been laid in all four quarters of the globe? And if truth to life is
+      the main thing the drama should keep in view, how is it possible for any
+      average understanding to be satisfied when the action is supposed to pass
+      in the time of King Pepin or Charlemagne, and the principal personage in
+      it they represent to be the Emperor Heraclius who entered Jerusalem with
+      the cross and won the Holy Sepulchre, like Godfrey of Bouillon, there
+      being years innumerable between the one and the other? or, if the play is
+      based on fiction and historical facts are introduced, or bits of what
+      occurred to different people and at different times mixed up with it, all,
+      not only without any semblance of probability, but with obvious errors
+      that from every point of view are inexcusable? And the worst of it is,
+      there are ignorant people who say that this is perfection, and that
+      anything beyond this is affected refinement. And then if we turn to sacred
+      dramas--what miracles they invent in them! What apocryphal, ill-devised
+      incidents, attributing to one saint the miracles of another! And even in
+      secular plays they venture to introduce miracles without any reason or
+      object except that they think some such miracle, or transformation as they
+      call it, will come in well to astonish stupid people and draw them to the
+      play. All this tends to the prejudice of the truth and the corruption of
+      history, nay more, to the reproach of the wits of Spain; for foreigners
+      who scrupulously observe the laws of the drama look upon us as barbarous
+      and ignorant, when they see the absurdity and nonsense of the plays we
+      produce. Nor will it be a sufficient excuse to say that the chief object
+      well-ordered governments have in view when they permit plays to be
+      performed in public is to entertain the people with some harmless
+      amusement occasionally, and keep it from those evil humours which idleness
+      is apt to engender; and that, as this may be attained by any sort of play,
+      good or bad, there is no need to lay down laws, or bind those who write or
+      act them to make them as they ought to be made, since, as I say, the
+      object sought for may be secured by any sort. To this I would reply that
+      the same end would be, beyond all comparison, better attained by means of
+      good plays than by those that are not so; for after listening to an
+      artistic and properly constructed play, the hearer will come away
+      enlivened by the jests, instructed by the serious parts, full of
+      admiration at the incidents, his wits sharpened by the arguments, warned
+      by the tricks, all the wiser for the examples, inflamed against vice, and
+      in love with virtue; for in all these ways a good play will stimulate the
+      mind of the hearer be he ever so boorish or dull; and of all
+      impossibilities the greatest is that a play endowed with all these
+      qualities will not entertain, satisfy, and please much more than one
+      wanting in them, like the greater number of those which are commonly acted
+      now-a-days. Nor are the poets who write them to be blamed for this; for
+      some there are among them who are perfectly well aware of their faults,
+      and know what they ought to do; but as plays have become a salable
+      commodity, they say, and with truth, that the actors will not buy them
+      unless they are after this fashion; and so the poet tries to adapt himself
+      to the requirements of the actor who is to pay him for his work. And that
+      this is the truth may be seen by the countless plays that a most fertile
+      wit of these kingdoms has written, with so much brilliancy, so much grace
+      and gaiety, such polished versification, such choice language, such
+      profound reflections, and in a word, so rich in eloquence and elevation of
+      style, that he has filled the world with his fame; and yet, in consequence
+      of his desire to suit the taste of the actors, they have not all, as some
+      of them have, come as near perfection as they ought. Others write plays
+      with such heedlessness that, after they have been acted, the actors have
+      to fly and abscond, afraid of being punished, as they often have been, for
+      having acted something offensive to some king or other, or insulting to
+      some noble family. All which evils, and many more that I say nothing of,
+      would be removed if there were some intelligent and sensible person at the
+      capital to examine all plays before they were acted, not only those
+      produced in the capital itself, but all that were intended to be acted in
+      Spain; without whose approval, seal, and signature, no local magistracy
+      should allow any play to be acted. In that case actors would take care to
+      send their plays to the capital, and could act them in safety, and those
+      who write them would be more careful and take more pains with their work,
+      standing in awe of having to submit it to the strict examination of one
+      who understood the matter; and so good plays would be produced and the
+      objects they aim at happily attained; as well the amusement of the people,
+      as the credit of the wits of Spain, the interest and safety of the actors,
+      and the saving of trouble in inflicting punishment on them. And if the
+      same or some other person were authorised to examine the newly written
+      books of chivalry, no doubt some would appear with all the perfections you
+      have described, enriching our language with the gracious and precious
+      treasure of eloquence, and driving the old books into obscurity before the
+      light of the new ones that would come out for the harmless entertainment,
+      not merely of the idle but of the very busiest; for the bow cannot be
+      always bent, nor can weak human nature exist without some lawful
+      amusement."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon and the curate had proceeded thus far with their conversation,
+      when the barber, coming forward, joined them, and said to the curate,
+      "This is the spot, senor licentiate, that I said was a good one for fresh
+      and plentiful pasture for the oxen, while we take our noontide rest."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And so it seems," returned the curate, and he told the canon what he
+      proposed to do, on which he too made up his mind to halt with them,
+      attracted by the aspect of the fair valley that lay before their eyes; and
+      to enjoy it as well as the conversation of the curate, to whom he had
+      begun to take a fancy, and also to learn more particulars about the doings
+      of Don Quixote, he desired some of his servants to go on to the inn, which
+      was not far distant, and fetch from it what eatables there might be for
+      the whole party, as he meant to rest for the afternoon where he was; to
+      which one of his servants replied that the sumpter mule, which by this
+      time ought to have reached the inn, carried provisions enough to make it
+      unnecessary to get anything from the inn except barley.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In that case," said the canon, "take all the beasts there, and bring the
+      sumpter mule back."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While this was going on, Sancho, perceiving that he could speak to his
+      master without having the curate and the barber, of whom he had his
+      suspicions, present all the time, approached the cage in which Don Quixote
+      was placed, and said, "Senor, to ease my conscience I want to tell you the
+      state of the case as to your enchantment, and that is that these two here,
+      with their faces covered, are the curate of our village and the barber;
+      and I suspect they have hit upon this plan of carrying you off in this
+      fashion, out of pure envy because your worship surpasses them in doing
+      famous deeds; and if this be the truth it follows that you are not
+      enchanted, but hoodwinked and made a fool of. And to prove this I want to
+      ask you one thing; and if you answer me as I believe you will answer, you
+      will be able to lay your finger on the trick, and you will see that you
+      are not enchanted but gone wrong in your wits."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ask what thou wilt, Sancho my son," returned Don Quixote, "for I will
+      satisfy thee and answer all thou requirest. As to what thou sayest, that
+      these who accompany us yonder are the curate and the barber, our
+      neighbours and acquaintances, it is very possible that they may seem to be
+      those same persons; but that they are so in reality and in fact, believe
+      it not on any account; what thou art to believe and think is that, if they
+      look like them, as thou sayest, it must be that those who have enchanted
+      me have taken this shape and likeness; for it is easy for enchanters to
+      take any form they please, and they may have taken those of our friends in
+      order to make thee think as thou dost, and lead thee into a labyrinth of
+      fancies from which thou wilt find no escape though thou hadst the cord of
+      Theseus; and they may also have done it to make me uncertain in my mind,
+      and unable to conjecture whence this evil comes to me; for if on the one
+      hand thou dost tell me that the barber and curate of our village are here
+      in company with us, and on the other I find myself shut up in a cage, and
+      know in my heart that no power on earth that was not supernatural would
+      have been able to shut me in, what wouldst thou have me say or think, but
+      that my enchantment is of a sort that transcends all I have ever read of
+      in all the histories that deal with knights-errant that have been
+      enchanted? So thou mayest set thy mind at rest as to the idea that they
+      are what thou sayest, for they are as much so as I am a Turk. But touching
+      thy desire to ask me something, say on, and I will answer thee, though
+      thou shouldst ask questions from this till to-morrow morning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May Our Lady be good to me!" said Sancho, lifting up his voice; "and is
+      it possible that your worship is so thick of skull and so short of brains
+      that you cannot see that what I say is the simple truth, and that malice
+      has more to do with your imprisonment and misfortune than enchantment? But
+      as it is so, I will prove plainly to you that you are not enchanted. Now
+      tell me, so may God deliver you from this affliction, and so may you find
+      yourself when you least expect it in the arms of my lady Dulcinea-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Leave off conjuring me," said Don Quixote, "and ask what thou wouldst
+      know; I have already told thee I will answer with all possible precision."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is what I want," said Sancho; "and what I would know, and have you
+      tell me, without adding or leaving out anything, but telling the whole
+      truth as one expects it to be told, and as it is told, by all who profess
+      arms, as your worship professes them, under the title of knights-errant-"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I tell thee I will not lie in any particular," said Don Quixote; "finish
+      thy question; for in truth thou weariest me with all these asseverations,
+      requirements, and precautions, Sancho."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, I rely on the goodness and truth of my master," said Sancho; "and
+      so, because it bears upon what we are talking about, I would ask, speaking
+      with all reverence, whether since your worship has been shut up and, as
+      you think, enchanted in this cage, you have felt any desire or inclination
+      to go anywhere, as the saying is?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I do not understand 'going anywhere,'" said Don Quixote; "explain thyself
+      more clearly, Sancho, if thou wouldst have me give an answer to the
+      point."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Is it possible," said Sancho, "that your worship does not understand
+      'going anywhere'? Why, the schoolboys know that from the time they were
+      babes. Well then, you must know I mean have you had any desire to do what
+      cannot be avoided?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah! now I understand thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "yes, often, and
+      even this minute; get me out of this strait, or all will not go right."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c48e" id="c48e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c48e.jpg (32K)" src="images/c48e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch49" id="ch49"></a>CHAPTER XLIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH TREATS OF THE SHREWD CONVERSATION WHICH SANCHO PANZA HELD WITH HIS
+      MASTER DON QUIXOTE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c49a" id="c49a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c49a.jpg (181K)" src="images/c49a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c49a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Aha, I have caught you," said Sancho; "this is what in my heart and soul
+      I was longing to know. Come now, senor, can you deny what is commonly said
+      around us, when a person is out of humour, 'I don't know what ails
+      so-and-so, that he neither eats, nor drinks, nor sleeps, nor gives a
+      proper answer to any question; one would think he was enchanted'? From
+      which it is to be gathered that those who do not eat, or drink, or sleep,
+      or do any of the natural acts I am speaking of--that such persons are
+      enchanted; but not those that have the desire your worship has, and drink
+      when drink is given them, and eat when there is anything to eat, and
+      answer every question that is asked them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What thou sayest is true, Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "but I have
+      already told thee there are many sorts of enchantments, and it may be that
+      in the course of time they have been changed one for another, and that now
+      it may be the way with enchanted people to do all that I do, though they
+      did not do so before; so it is vain to argue or draw inferences against
+      the usage of the time. I know and feel that I am enchanted, and that is
+      enough to ease my conscience; for it would weigh heavily on it if I
+      thought that I was not enchanted, and that in a faint-hearted and cowardly
+      way I allowed myself to lie in this cage, defrauding multitudes of the
+      succour I might afford to those in need and distress, who at this very
+      moment may be in sore want of my aid and protection."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still for all that," replied Sancho, "I say that, for your greater and
+      fuller satisfaction, it would be well if your worship were to try to get
+      out of this prison (and I promise to do all in my power to help, and even
+      to take you out of it), and see if you could once more mount your good
+      Rocinante, who seems to be enchanted too, he is so melancholy and
+      dejected; and then we might try our chance in looking for adventures
+      again; and if we have no luck there will be time enough to go back to the
+      cage; in which, on the faith of a good and loyal squire, I promise to shut
+      myself up along with your worship, if so be you are so unfortunate, or I
+      so stupid, as not to be able to carry out my plan."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am content to do as thou sayest, brother Sancho," said Don Quixote,
+      "and when thou seest an opportunity for effecting my release I will obey
+      thee absolutely; but thou wilt see, Sancho, how mistaken thou art in thy
+      conception of my misfortune."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The knight-errant and the ill-errant squire kept up their conversation
+      till they reached the place where the curate, the canon, and the barber,
+      who had already dismounted, were waiting for them. The carter at once
+      unyoked the oxen and left them to roam at large about the pleasant green
+      spot, the freshness of which seemed to invite, not enchanted people like
+      Don Quixote, but wide-awake, sensible folk like his squire, who begged the
+      curate to allow his master to leave the cage for a little; for if they did
+      not let him out, the prison might not be as clean as the propriety of such
+      a gentleman as his master required. The curate understood him, and said he
+      would very gladly comply with his request, only that he feared his master,
+      finding himself at liberty, would take to his old courses and make off
+      where nobody could ever find him again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will answer for his not running away," said Sancho.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And I also," said the canon, "especially if he gives me his word as a
+      knight not to leave us without our consent."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote, who was listening to all this, said, "I give it;--moreover
+      one who is enchanted as I am cannot do as he likes with himself; for he
+      who had enchanted him could prevent his moving from one place for three
+      ages, and if he attempted to escape would bring him back flying."--And
+      that being so, they might as well release him, particularly as it would be
+      to the advantage of all; for, if they did not let him out, he protested he
+      would be unable to avoid offending their nostrils unless they kept their
+      distance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon took his hand, tied together as they both were, and on his word
+      and promise they unbound him, and rejoiced beyond measure he was to find
+      himself out of the cage. The first thing he did was to stretch himself all
+      over, and then he went to where Rocinante was standing and giving him a
+      couple of slaps on the haunches said, "I still trust in God and in his
+      blessed mother, O flower and mirror of steeds, that we shall soon see
+      ourselves, both of us, as we wish to be, thou with thy master on thy back,
+      and I mounted upon thee, following the calling for which God sent me into
+      the world." And so saying, accompanied by Sancho, he withdrew to a retired
+      spot, from which he came back much relieved and more eager than ever to
+      put his squire's scheme into execution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon gazed at him, wondering at the extraordinary nature of his
+      madness, and that in all his remarks and replies he should show such
+      excellent sense, and only lose his stirrups, as has been already said,
+      when the subject of chivalry was broached. And so, moved by compassion, he
+      said to him, as they all sat on the green grass awaiting the arrival of
+      the provisions:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Is it possible, gentle sir, that the nauseous and idle reading of books
+      of chivalry can have had such an effect on your worship as to upset your
+      reason so that you fancy yourself enchanted, and the like, all as far from
+      the truth as falsehood itself is? How can there be any human understanding
+      that can persuade itself there ever was all that infinity of Amadises in
+      the world, or all that multitude of famous knights, all those emperors of
+      Trebizond, all those Felixmartes of Hircania, all those palfreys, and
+      damsels-errant, and serpents, and monsters, and giants, and marvellous
+      adventures, and enchantments of every kind, and battles, and prodigious
+      encounters, splendid costumes, love-sick princesses, squires made counts,
+      droll dwarfs, love letters, billings and cooings, swashbuckler women, and,
+      in a word, all that nonsense the books of chivalry contain? For myself, I
+      can only say that when I read them, so long as I do not stop to think that
+      they are all lies and frivolity, they give me a certain amount of
+      pleasure; but when I come to consider what they are, I fling the very best
+      of them at the wall, and would fling it into the fire if there were one at
+      hand, as richly deserving such punishment as cheats and impostors out of
+      the range of ordinary toleration, and as founders of new sects and modes
+      of life, and teachers that lead the ignorant public to believe and accept
+      as truth all the folly they contain. And such is their audacity, they even
+      dare to unsettle the wits of gentlemen of birth and intelligence, as is
+      shown plainly by the way they have served your worship, when they have
+      brought you to such a pass that you have to be shut up in a cage and
+      carried on an ox-cart as one would carry a lion or a tiger from place to
+      place to make money by showing it. Come, Senor Don Quixote, have some
+      compassion for yourself, return to the bosom of common sense, and make use
+      of the liberal share of it that heaven has been pleased to bestow upon
+      you, employing your abundant gifts of mind in some other reading that may
+      serve to benefit your conscience and add to your honour. And if, still led
+      away by your natural bent, you desire to read books of achievements and of
+      chivalry, read the Book of Judges in the Holy Scriptures, for there you
+      will find grand reality, and deeds as true as they are heroic. Lusitania
+      had a Viriatus, Rome a Caesar, Carthage a Hannibal, Greece an Alexander,
+      Castile a Count Fernan Gonzalez, Valencia a Cid, Andalusia a Gonzalo
+      Fernandez, Estremadura a Diego Garcia de Paredes, Jerez a Garci Perez de
+      Vargas, Toledo a Garcilaso, Seville a Don Manuel de Leon, to read of whose
+      valiant deeds will entertain and instruct the loftiest minds and fill them
+      with delight and wonder. Here, Senor Don Quixote, will be reading worthy
+      of your sound understanding; from which you will rise learned in history,
+      in love with virtue, strengthened in goodness, improved in manners, brave
+      without rashness, prudent without cowardice; and all to the honour of God,
+      your own advantage and the glory of La Mancha, whence, I am informed, your
+      worship derives your birth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Don Quixote listened with the greatest attention to the canon's words, and
+      when he found he had finished, after regarding him for some time, he
+      replied to him:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It appears to me, gentle sir, that your worship's discourse is intended
+      to persuade me that there never were any knights-errant in the world, and
+      that all the books of chivalry are false, lying, mischievous and useless
+      to the State, and that I have done wrong in reading them, and worse in
+      believing them, and still worse in imitating them, when I undertook to
+      follow the arduous calling of knight-errantry which they set forth; for
+      you deny that there ever were Amadises of Gaul or of Greece, or any other
+      of the knights of whom the books are full."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is all exactly as you state it," said the canon; to which Don Quixote
+      returned, "You also went on to say that books of this kind had done me
+      much harm, inasmuch as they had upset my senses, and shut me up in a cage,
+      and that it would be better for me to reform and change my studies, and
+      read other truer books which would afford more pleasure and instruction."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Just so," said the canon.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well then," returned Don Quixote, "to my mind it is you who are the one
+      that is out of his wits and enchanted, as you have ventured to utter such
+      blasphemies against a thing so universally acknowledged and accepted as
+      true that whoever denies it, as you do, deserves the same punishment which
+      you say you inflict on the books that irritate you when you read them. For
+      to try to persuade anybody that Amadis, and all the other
+      knights-adventurers with whom the books are filled, never existed, would
+      be like trying to persuade him that the sun does not yield light, or ice
+      cold, or earth nourishment. What wit in the world can persuade another
+      that the story of the Princess Floripes and Guy of Burgundy is not true,
+      or that of Fierabras and the bridge of Mantible, which happened in the
+      time of Charlemagne? For by all that is good it is as true as that it is
+      daylight now; and if it be a lie, it must be a lie too that there was a
+      Hector, or Achilles, or Trojan war, or Twelve Peers of France, or Arthur
+      of England, who still lives changed into a raven, and is unceasingly
+      looked for in his kingdom. One might just as well try to make out that the
+      history of Guarino Mezquino, or of the quest of the Holy Grail, is false,
+      or that the loves of Tristram and the Queen Yseult are apocryphal, as well
+      as those of Guinevere and Lancelot, when there are persons who can almost
+      remember having seen the Dame Quintanona, who was the best cupbearer in
+      Great Britain. And so true is this, that I recollect a grandmother of mine
+      on the father's side, whenever she saw any dame in a venerable hood, used
+      to say to me, 'Grandson, that one is like Dame Quintanona,' from which I
+      conclude that she must have known her, or at least had managed to see some
+      portrait of her. Then who can deny that the story of Pierres and the fair
+      Magalona is true, when even to this day may be seen in the king's armoury
+      the pin with which the valiant Pierres guided the wooden horse he rode
+      through the air, and it is a trifle bigger than the pole of a cart? And
+      alongside of the pin is Babieca's saddle, and at Roncesvalles there is
+      Roland's horn, as large as a large beam; whence we may infer that there
+      were Twelve Peers, and a Pierres, and a Cid, and other knights like them,
+      of the sort people commonly call adventurers. Or perhaps I shall be told,
+      too, that there was no such knight-errant as the valiant Lusitanian Juan
+      de Merlo, who went to Burgundy and in the city of Arras fought with the
+      famous lord of Charny, Mosen Pierres by name, and afterwards in the city
+      of Basle with Mosen Enrique de Remesten, coming out of both encounters
+      covered with fame and honour; or adventures and challenges achieved and
+      delivered, also in Burgundy, by the valiant Spaniards Pedro Barba and
+      Gutierre Quixada (of whose family I come in the direct male line), when
+      they vanquished the sons of the Count of San Polo. I shall be told, too,
+      that Don Fernando de Guevara did not go in quest of adventures to Germany,
+      where he engaged in combat with Micer George, a knight of the house of the
+      Duke of Austria. I shall be told that the jousts of Suero de Quinones, him
+      of the 'Paso,' and the emprise of Mosen Luis de Falces against the
+      Castilian knight, Don Gonzalo de Guzman, were mere mockeries; as well as
+      many other achievements of Christian knights of these and foreign realms,
+      which are so authentic and true, that, I repeat, he who denies them must
+      be totally wanting in reason and good sense."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon was amazed to hear the medley of truth and fiction Don Quixote
+      uttered, and to see how well acquainted he was with everything relating or
+      belonging to the achievements of his knight-errantry; so he said in reply:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I cannot deny, Senor Don Quixote, that there is some truth in what you
+      say, especially as regards the Spanish knights-errant; and I am willing to
+      grant too that the Twelve Peers of France existed, but I am not disposed
+      to believe that they did all the things that the Archbishop Turpin relates
+      of them. For the truth of the matter is they were knights chosen by the
+      kings of France, and called 'Peers' because they were all equal in worth,
+      rank and prowess (at least if they were not they ought to have been), and
+      it was a kind of religious order like those of Santiago and Calatrava in
+      the present day, in which it is assumed that those who take it are valiant
+      knights of distinction and good birth; and just as we say now a Knight of
+      St. John, or of Alcantara, they used to say then a Knight of the Twelve
+      Peers, because twelve equals were chosen for that military order. That
+      there was a Cid, as well as a Bernardo del Carpio, there can be no doubt;
+      but that they did the deeds people say they did, I hold to be very
+      doubtful. In that other matter of the pin of Count Pierres that you speak
+      of, and say is near Babieca's saddle in the Armoury, I confess my sin; for
+      I am either so stupid or so short-sighted, that, though I have seen the
+      saddle, I have never been able to see the pin, in spite of it being as big
+      as your worship says it is."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For all that it is there, without any manner of doubt," said Don Quixote;
+      "and more by token they say it is inclosed in a sheath of cowhide to keep
+      it from rusting."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All that may be," replied the canon; "but, by the orders I have received,
+      I do not remember seeing it. However, granting it is there, that is no
+      reason why I am bound to believe the stories of all those Amadises and of
+      all that multitude of knights they tell us about, nor is it reasonable
+      that a man like your worship, so worthy, and with so many good qualities,
+      and endowed with such a good understanding, should allow himself to be
+      persuaded that such wild crazy things as are written in those absurd books
+      of chivalry are really true."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c49e" id="c49e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c49e.jpg (22K)" src="images/c49e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch50" id="ch50"></a>CHAPTER L.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE SHREWD CONTROVERSY WHICH DON QUIXOTE AND THE CANON HELD, TOGETHER
+      WITH OTHER INCIDENTS
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c50a" id="c50a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c50a.jpg (160K)" src="images/c50a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c50a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A good joke, that!" returned Don Quixote. "Books that have been printed
+      with the king's licence, and with the approbation of those to whom they
+      have been submitted, and read with universal delight, and extolled by
+      great and small, rich and poor, learned and ignorant, gentle and simple,
+      in a word by people of every sort, of whatever rank or condition they may
+      be&mdash;that these should be lies! And above all when they carry such an
+      appearance of truth with them; for they tell us the father, mother,
+      country, kindred, age, place, and the achievements, step by step, and day
+      by day, performed by such a knight or knights! Hush, sir; utter not such
+      blasphemy; trust me I am advising you now to act as a sensible man should;
+      only read them, and you will see the pleasure you will derive from them.
+      For, come, tell me, can there be anything more delightful than to see, as
+      it were, here now displayed before us a vast lake of bubbling pitch with a
+      host of snakes and serpents and lizards, and ferocious and terrible
+      creatures of all sorts swimming about in it, while from the middle of the
+      lake there comes a plaintive voice saying: 'Knight, whosoever thou art who
+      beholdest this dread lake, if thou wouldst win the prize that lies hidden
+      beneath these dusky waves, prove the valour of thy stout heart and cast
+      thyself into the midst of its dark burning waters, else thou shalt not be
+      worthy to see the mighty wonders contained in the seven castles of the
+      seven Fays that lie beneath this black expanse;' and then the knight,
+      almost ere the awful voice has ceased, without stopping to consider,
+      without pausing to reflect upon the danger to which he is exposing
+      himself, without even relieving himself of the weight of his massive
+      armour, commending himself to God and to his lady, plunges into the midst
+      of the boiling lake, and when he little looks for it, or knows what his
+      fate is to be, he finds himself among flowery meadows, with which the
+      Elysian fields are not to be compared.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c50b" id="c50b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c50b.jpg (344K)" src="images/c50b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c50b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The sky seems more transparent there, and the sun shines with a strange
+      brilliancy, and a delightful grove of green leafy trees presents itself to
+      the eyes and charms the sight with its verdure, while the ear is soothed
+      by the sweet untutored melody of the countless birds of gay plumage that
+      flit to and fro among the interlacing branches. Here he sees a brook whose
+      limpid waters, like liquid crystal, ripple over fine sands and white
+      pebbles that look like sifted gold and purest pearls. There he perceives a
+      cunningly wrought fountain of many-coloured jasper and polished marble;
+      here another of rustic fashion where the little mussel-shells and the
+      spiral white and yellow mansions of the snail disposed in studious
+      disorder, mingled with fragments of glittering crystal and mock emeralds,
+      make up a work of varied aspect, where art, imitating nature, seems to
+      have outdone it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c50c" id="c50c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c50c.jpg (334K)" src="images/c50c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c50c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Suddenly there is presented to his sight a strong castle or gorgeous
+      palace with walls of massy gold, turrets of diamond and gates of jacinth;
+      in short, so marvellous is its structure that though the materials of
+      which it is built are nothing less than diamonds, carbuncles, rubies,
+      pearls, gold, and emeralds, the workmanship is still more rare. And after
+      having seen all this, what can be more charming than to see how a bevy of
+      damsels comes forth from the gate of the castle in gay and gorgeous
+      attire, such that, were I to set myself now to depict it as the histories
+      describe it to us, I should never have done; and then how she who seems to
+      be the first among them all takes the bold knight who plunged into the
+      boiling lake by the hand, and without addressing a word to him leads him
+      into the rich palace or castle, and strips him as naked as when his mother
+      bore him, and bathes him in lukewarm water, and anoints him all over with
+      sweet-smelling unguents, and clothes him in a shirt of the softest sendal,
+      all scented and perfumed, while another damsel comes and throws over his
+      shoulders a mantle which is said to be worth at the very least a city, and
+      even more? How charming it is, then, when they tell us how, after all
+      this, they lead him to another chamber where he finds the tables set out
+      in such style that he is filled with amazement and wonder; to see how they
+      pour out water for his hands distilled from amber and sweet-scented
+      flowers; how they seat him on an ivory chair; to see how the damsels wait
+      on him all in profound silence; how they bring him such a variety of
+      dainties so temptingly prepared that the appetite is at a loss which to
+      select; to hear the music that resounds while he is at table, by whom or
+      whence produced he knows not. And then when the repast is over and the
+      tables removed, for the knight to recline in the chair, picking his teeth
+      perhaps as usual, and a damsel, much lovelier than any of the others, to
+      enter unexpectedly by the chamber door, and herself by his side, and begin
+      to tell him what the castle is, and how she is held enchanted there, and
+      other things that amaze the knight and astonish the readers who are
+      perusing his history.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c50d" id="c50d"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c50d.jpg (433K)" src="images/c50d.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c50d.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But I will not expatiate any further upon this, as it may be gathered
+      from it that whatever part of whatever history of a knight-errant one
+      reads, it will fill the reader, whoever he be, with delight and wonder;
+      and take my advice, sir, and, as I said before, read these books and you
+      will see how they will banish any melancholy you may feel and raise your
+      spirits should they be depressed. For myself I can say that since I have
+      been a knight-errant I have become valiant, polite, generous, well-bred,
+      magnanimous, courteous, dauntless, gentle, patient, and have learned to
+      bear hardships, imprisonments, and enchantments; and though it be such a
+      short time since I have seen myself shut up in a cage like a madman, I
+      hope by the might of my arm, if heaven aid me and fortune thwart me not,
+      to see myself king of some kingdom where I may be able to show the
+      gratitude and generosity that dwell in my heart; for by my faith, senor,
+      the poor man is incapacitated from showing the virtue of generosity to
+      anyone, though he may possess it in the highest degree; and gratitude that
+      consists of disposition only is a dead thing, just as faith without works
+      is dead. For this reason I should be glad were fortune soon to offer me
+      some opportunity of making myself an emperor, so as to show my heart in
+      doing good to my friends, particularly to this poor Sancho Panza, my
+      squire, who is the best fellow in the world; and I would gladly give him a
+      county I have promised him this ever so long, only that I am afraid he has
+      not the capacity to govern his realm."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho partly heard these last words of his master, and said to him,
+      "Strive hard you, Senor Don Quixote, to give me that county so often
+      promised by you and so long looked for by me, for I promise you there will
+      be no want of capacity in me to govern it; and even if there is, I have
+      heard say there are men in the world who farm seigniories, paying so much
+      a year, and they themselves taking charge of the government, while the
+      lord, with his legs stretched out, enjoys the revenue they pay him,
+      without troubling himself about anything else. That's what I'll do, and
+      not stand haggling over trifles, but wash my hands at once of the whole
+      business, and enjoy my rents like a duke, and let things go their own
+      way."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That, brother Sancho," said the canon, "only holds good as far as the
+      enjoyment of the revenue goes; but the lord of the seigniory must attend
+      to the administration of justice, and here capacity and sound judgment
+      come in, and above all a firm determination to find out the truth; for if
+      this be wanting in the beginning, the middle and the end will always go
+      wrong; and God as commonly aids the honest intentions of the simple as he
+      frustrates the evil designs of the crafty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I don't understand those philosophies," returned Sancho Panza; "all I
+      know is I would I had the county as soon as I shall know how to govern it;
+      for I have as much soul as another, and as much body as anyone, and I
+      shall be as much king of my realm as any other of his; and being so I
+      should do as I liked, and doing as I liked I should please myself, and
+      pleasing myself I should be content, and when one is content he has
+      nothing more to desire, and when one has nothing more to desire there is
+      an end of it; so let the county come, and God be with you, and let us see
+      one another, as one blind man said to the other."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That is not bad philosophy thou art talking, Sancho," said the canon;
+      "but for all that there is a good deal to be said on this matter of
+      counties."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Don Quixote returned, "I know not what more there is to be said;
+      I only guide myself by the example set me by the great Amadis of Gaul,
+      when he made his squire count of the Insula Firme; and so, without any
+      scruples of conscience, I can make a count of Sancho Panza, for he is one
+      of the best squires that ever knight-errant had."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon was astonished at the methodical nonsense (if nonsense be
+      capable of method) that Don Quixote uttered, at the way in which he had
+      described the adventure of the knight of the lake, at the impression that
+      the deliberate lies of the books he read had made upon him, and lastly he
+      marvelled at the simplicity of Sancho, who desired so eagerly to obtain
+      the county his master had promised him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time the canon's servants, who had gone to the inn to fetch the
+      sumpter mule, had returned, and making a carpet and the green grass of the
+      meadow serve as a table, they seated themselves in the shade of some trees
+      and made their repast there, that the carter might not be deprived of the
+      advantage of the spot, as has been already said. As they were eating they
+      suddenly heard a loud noise and the sound of a bell that seemed to come
+      from among some brambles and thick bushes that were close by, and the same
+      instant they observed a beautiful goat, spotted all over black, white, and
+      brown, spring out of the thicket with a goatherd after it, calling to it
+      and uttering the usual cries to make it stop or turn back to the fold. The
+      fugitive goat, scared and frightened, ran towards the company as if
+      seeking their protection and then stood still, and the goatherd coming up
+      seized it by the horns and began to talk to it as if it were possessed of
+      reason and understanding: "Ah wanderer, wanderer, Spotty, Spotty; how have
+      you gone limping all this time? What wolves have frightened you, my
+      daughter? Won't you tell me what is the matter, my beauty? But what else
+      can it be except that you are a she, and cannot keep quiet? A plague on
+      your humours and the humours of those you take after! Come back, come
+      back, my darling; and if you will not be so happy, at any rate you will be
+      safe in the fold or with your companions; for if you who ought to keep and
+      lead them, go wandering astray, what will become of them?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd's talk amused all who heard it, but especially the canon, who
+      said to him, "As you live, brother, take it easy, and be not in such a
+      hurry to drive this goat back to the fold; for, being a female, as you
+      say, she will follow her natural instinct in spite of all you can do to
+      prevent it. Take this morsel and drink a sup, and that will soothe your
+      irritation, and in the meantime the goat will rest herself," and so
+      saying, he handed him the loins of a cold rabbit on a fork.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd took it with thanks, and drank and calmed himself, and then
+      said, "I should be sorry if your worships were to take me for a simpleton
+      for having spoken so seriously as I did to this animal; but the truth is
+      there is a certain mystery in the words I used. I am a clown, but not so
+      much of one but that I know how to behave to men and to beasts."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I can well believe," said the curate, "for I know already by
+      experience that the woods breed men of learning, and shepherds' huts harbour
+      philosophers."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At all events, senor," returned the goatherd, "they shelter men of
+      experience; and that you may see the truth of this and grasp it, though I
+      may seem to put myself forward without being asked, I will, if it will not
+      tire you, gentlemen, and you will give me your attention for a little,
+      tell you a true story which will confirm this gentleman's word (and he
+      pointed to the curate) as well as my own."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To this Don Quixote replied, "Seeing that this affair has a certain colour
+      of chivalry about it, I for my part, brother, will hear you most gladly,
+      and so will all these gentlemen, from the high intelligence they possess
+      and their love of curious novelties that interest, charm, and entertain
+      the mind, as I feel quite sure your story will do. So begin, friend, for
+      we are all prepared to listen."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I draw my stakes," said Sancho, "and will retreat with this pasty to the
+      brook there, where I mean to victual myself for three days; for I have
+      heard my lord, Don Quixote, say that a knight-errant's squire should eat
+      until he can hold no more, whenever he has the chance, because it often
+      happens them to get by accident into a wood so thick that they cannot find
+      a way out of it for six days; and if the man is not well filled or his
+      alforjas well stored, there he may stay, as very often he does, turned
+      into a dried mummy."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art in the right of it, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "go where thou
+      wilt and eat all thou canst, for I have had enough, and only want to give
+      my mind its refreshment, as I shall by listening to this good fellow's
+      story."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is what we shall all do," said the canon; and then begged the goatherd
+      to begin the promised tale.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd gave the goat which he held by the horns a couple of slaps on
+      the back, saying, "Lie down here beside me, Spotty, for we have time
+      enough to return to our fold." The goat seemed to understand him, for as
+      her master seated himself, she stretched herself quietly beside him and
+      looked up in his face to show him she was all attention to what he was
+      going to say, and then in these words he began his story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c50e" id="c50e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c50e.jpg (27K)" src="images/c50e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch51" id="ch51"></a>CHAPTER LI.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WHICH DEALS WITH WHAT THE GOATHERD TOLD THOSE WHO WERE CARRYING OFF DON
+      QUIXOTE
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c51a" id="c51a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c51a.jpg (115K)" src="images/c51a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c51a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Three leagues from this valley there is a village which, though small, is
+      one of the richest in all this neighbourhood, and in it there lived a
+      farmer, a very worthy man, and so much respected that, although to be so
+      is the natural consequence of being rich, he was even more respected for
+      his virtue than for the wealth he had acquired. But what made him still
+      more fortunate, as he said himself, was having a daughter of such
+      exceeding beauty, rare intelligence, gracefulness, and virtue, that
+      everyone who knew her and beheld her marvelled at the extraordinary gifts
+      with which heaven and nature had endowed her. As a child she was
+      beautiful, she continued to grow in beauty, and at the age of sixteen she
+      was most lovely. The fame of her beauty began to spread abroad through all
+      the villages around&mdash;but why do I say the villages around, merely,
+      when it spread to distant cities, and even made its way into the halls of
+      royalty and reached the ears of people of every class, who came from all
+      sides to see her as if to see something rare and curious, or some
+      wonder-working image?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Her father watched over her and she watched over herself; for there are no
+      locks, or guards, or bolts that can protect a young girl better than her
+      own modesty. The wealth of the father and the beauty of the daughter led
+      many neighbours as well as strangers to seek her for a wife; but he, as
+      one might well be who had the disposal of so rich a jewel, was perplexed
+      and unable to make up his mind to which of her countless suitors he should
+      entrust her. I was one among the many who felt a desire so natural, and,
+      as her father knew who I was, and I was of the same town, of pure blood,
+      in the bloom of life, and very rich in possessions, I had great hopes of
+      success. There was another of the same place and qualifications who also
+      sought her, and this made her father's choice hang in the balance, for he
+      felt that on either of us his daughter would be well bestowed; so to
+      escape from this state of perplexity he resolved to refer the matter to
+      Leandra (for that is the name of the rich damsel who has reduced me to
+      misery), reflecting that as we were both equal it would be best to leave
+      it to his dear daughter to choose according to her inclination&mdash;a
+      course that is worthy of imitation by all fathers who wish to settle their
+      children in life. I do not mean that they ought to leave them to make a
+      choice of what is contemptible and bad, but that they should place before
+      them what is good and then allow them to make a good choice as they
+      please. I do not know which Leandra chose; I only know her father put us
+      both off with the tender age of his daughter and vague words that neither
+      bound him nor dismissed us. My rival is called Anselmo and I myself
+      Eugenio&mdash;that you may know the names of the personages that figure in
+      this tragedy, the end of which is still in suspense, though it is plain to
+      see it must be disastrous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      About this time there arrived in our town one Vicente de la Roca, the son
+      of a poor peasant of the same town, the said Vicente having returned from
+      service as a soldier in Italy and divers other parts. A captain who
+      chanced to pass that way with his company had carried him off from our
+      village when he was a boy of about twelve years, and now twelve years
+      later the young man came back in a soldier's uniform, arrayed in a
+      thousand colours, and all over glass trinkets and fine steel chains.
+      To-day he would appear in one gay dress, to-morrow in another; but all
+      flimsy and gaudy, of little substance and less worth. The peasant folk,
+      who are naturally malicious, and when they have nothing to do can be
+      malice itself, remarked all this, and took note of his finery and
+      jewellery, piece by piece, and discovered that he had three suits of
+      different colours, with garters and stockings to match; but he made so
+      many arrangements and combinations out of them, that if they had not
+      counted them, anyone would have sworn that he had made a display of more
+      than ten suits of clothes and twenty plumes. Do not look upon all this
+      that I am telling you about the clothes as uncalled for or spun out, for
+      they have a great deal to do with the story. He used to seat himself on a
+      bench under the great poplar in our plaza, and there he would keep us all
+      hanging open-mouthed on the stories he told us of his exploits. There was
+      no country on the face of the globe he had not seen, nor battle he had not
+      been engaged in; he had killed more Moors than there are in Morocco and
+      Tunis, and fought more single combats, according to his own account, than
+      Garcilaso, Diego Garcia de Paredes and a thousand others he named, and out
+      of all he had come victorious without losing a drop of blood. On the other
+      hand he showed marks of wounds, which, though they could not be made out,
+      he said were gunshot wounds received in divers encounters and actions.
+      Lastly, with monstrous impudence he used to say "you" to his equals and
+      even those who knew what he was, and declare that his arm was his father
+      and his deeds his pedigree, and that being a soldier he was as good as the
+      king himself. And to add to these swaggering ways he was a trifle of a
+      musician, and played the guitar with such a flourish that some said he
+      made it speak; nor did his accomplishments end here, for he was something
+      of a poet too, and on every trifle that happened in the town he made a
+      ballad a league long.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c51b" id="c51b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c51b.jpg (372K)" src="images/c51b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c51b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This soldier, then, that I have described, this Vicente de la Roca, this
+      bravo, gallant, musician, poet, was often seen and watched by Leandra from
+      a window of her house which looked out on the plaza. The glitter of his
+      showy attire took her fancy, his ballads bewitched her (for he gave away
+      twenty copies of every one he made), the tales of his exploits which he
+      told about himself came to her ears; and in short, as the devil no doubt
+      had arranged it, she fell in love with him before the presumption of
+      making love to her had suggested itself to him; and as in love-affairs
+      none are more easily brought to an issue than those which have the
+      inclination of the lady for an ally, Leandra and Vicente came to an
+      understanding without any difficulty; and before any of her numerous
+      suitors had any suspicion of her design, she had already carried it into
+      effect, having left the house of her dearly beloved father (for mother she
+      had none), and disappeared from the village with the soldier, who came
+      more triumphantly out of this enterprise than out of any of the large
+      number he laid claim to. All the village and all who heard of it were
+      amazed at the affair; I was aghast, Anselmo thunderstruck, her father full
+      of grief, her relations indignant, the authorities all in a ferment, the
+      officers of the Brotherhood in arms. They scoured the roads, they searched
+      the woods and all quarters, and at the end of three days they found the
+      flighty Leandra in a mountain cave, stript to her shift, and robbed of all
+      the money and precious jewels she had carried away from home with her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c51c" id="c51c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c51c.jpg (275K)" src="images/c51c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c51c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They brought her back to her unhappy father, and questioned her as to her
+      misfortune, and she confessed without pressure that Vicente de la Roca had
+      deceived her, and under promise of marrying her had induced her to leave
+      her father's house, as he meant to take her to the richest and most
+      delightful city in the whole world, which was Naples; and that she,
+      ill-advised and deluded, had believed him, and robbed her father, and
+      handed over all to him the night she disappeared; and that he had carried
+      her away to a rugged mountain and shut her up in the cave where they had
+      found her. She said, moreover, that the soldier, without robbing her of
+      her honour, had taken from her everything she had, and made off, leaving
+      her in the cave, a thing that still further surprised everybody. It was
+      not easy for us to credit the young man's continence, but she asserted it
+      with such earnestness that it helped to console her distressed father, who
+      thought nothing of what had been taken since the jewel that once lost can
+      never be recovered had been left to his daughter. The same day that
+      Leandra made her appearance her father removed her from our sight and took
+      her away to shut her up in a convent in a town near this, in the hope that
+      time may wear away some of the disgrace she has incurred. Leandra's youth
+      furnished an excuse for her fault, at least with those to whom it was of
+      no consequence whether she was good or bad; but those who knew her
+      shrewdness and intelligence did not attribute her misdemeanour to
+      ignorance but to wantonness and the natural disposition of women, which is
+      for the most part flighty and ill-regulated.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leandra withdrawn from sight, Anselmo's eyes grew blind, or at any rate
+      found nothing to look at that gave them any pleasure, and mine were in
+      darkness without a ray of light to direct them to anything enjoyable while
+      Leandra was away. Our melancholy grew greater, our patience grew less; we
+      cursed the soldier's finery and railed at the carelessness of Leandra's
+      father. At last Anselmo and I agreed to leave the village and come to this
+      valley; and, he feeding a great flock of sheep of his own, and I a large
+      herd of goats of mine, we pass our life among the trees, giving vent to
+      our sorrows, together singing the fair Leandra's praises, or upbraiding
+      her, or else sighing alone, and to heaven pouring forth our complaints in
+      solitude. Following our example, many more of Leandra's lovers have come
+      to these rude mountains and adopted our mode of life, and they are so
+      numerous that one would fancy the place had been turned into the pastoral
+      Arcadia, so full is it of shepherds and sheep-folds; nor is there a spot
+      in it where the name of the fair Leandra is not heard. Here one curses her
+      and calls her capricious, fickle, and immodest, there another condemns her
+      as frail and frivolous; this pardons and absolves her, that spurns and
+      reviles her; one extols her beauty, another assails her character, and in
+      short all abuse her, and all adore her, and to such a pitch has this
+      general infatuation gone that there are some who complain of her scorn
+      without ever having exchanged a word with her, and even some that bewail
+      and mourn the raging fever of jealousy, for which she never gave anyone
+      cause, for, as I have already said, her misconduct was known before her
+      passion. There is no nook among the rocks, no brookside, no shade beneath
+      the trees that is not haunted by some shepherd telling his woes to the
+      breezes; wherever there is an echo it repeats the name of Leandra; the
+      mountains ring with "Leandra," "Leandra" murmur the brooks, and Leandra
+      keeps us all bewildered and bewitched, hoping without hope and fearing
+      without knowing what we fear. Of all this silly set the one that shows the
+      least and also the most sense is my rival Anselmo, for having so many
+      other things to complain of, he only complains of separation, and to the
+      accompaniment of a rebeck, which he plays admirably, he sings his
+      complaints in verses that show his ingenuity. I follow another, easier,
+      and to my mind wiser course, and that is to rail at the frivolity of
+      women, at their inconstancy, their double dealing, their broken promises,
+      their unkept pledges, and in short the want of reflection they show in
+      fixing their affections and inclinations. This, sirs, was the reason of
+      words and expressions I made use of to this goat when I came up just now;
+      for as she is a female I have a contempt for her, though she is the best
+      in all my fold. This is the story I promised to tell you, and if I have
+      been tedious in telling it, I will not be slow to serve you; my hut is
+      close by, and I have fresh milk and dainty cheese there, as well as a
+      variety of toothsome fruit, no less pleasing to the eye than to the
+      palate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c51e" id="c51e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c51e.jpg (14K)" src="images/c51e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      " <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="ch52" id="ch52"></a>CHAPTER LII.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      OF THE QUARREL THAT DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH THE GOATHERD, TOGETHER WITH THE
+      RARE ADVENTURE OF THE PENITENTS, WHICH WITH AN EXPENDITURE OF SWEAT HE
+      BROUGHT TO A HAPPY CONCLUSION
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="c52a" id="c52a"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c52a.jpg (40K)" src="images/c52a.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c52a.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd's tale gave great satisfaction to all the hearers, and the
+      canon especially enjoyed it, for he had remarked with particular attention
+      the manner in which it had been told, which was as unlike the manner of a
+      clownish goatherd as it was like that of a polished city wit; and he
+      observed that the curate had been quite right in saying that the woods
+      bred men of learning. They all offered their services to Eugenio but he
+      who showed himself most liberal in this way was Don Quixote, who said to
+      him, "Most assuredly, brother goatherd, if I found myself in a position to
+      attempt any adventure, I would, this very instant, set out on your behalf,
+      and would rescue Leandra from that convent (where no doubt she is kept
+      against her will), in spite of the abbess and all who might try to prevent
+      me, and would place her in your hands to deal with her according to your
+      will and pleasure, observing, however, the laws of chivalry which lay down
+      that no violence of any kind is to be offered to any damsel. But I trust
+      in God our Lord that the might of one malignant enchanter may not prove so
+      great but that the power of another better disposed may prove superior to
+      it, and then I promise you my support and assistance, as I am bound to do
+      by my profession, which is none other than to give aid to the weak and
+      needy."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The goatherd eyed him, and noticing Don Quixote's sorry appearance and
+      looks, he was filled with wonder, and asked the barber, who was next him,
+      "Senor, who is this man who makes such a figure and talks in such a
+      strain?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who should it be," said the barber, "but the famous Don Quixote of La
+      Mancha, the undoer of injustice, the righter of wrongs, the protector of
+      damsels, the terror of giants, and the winner of battles?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That," said the goatherd, "sounds like what one reads in the books of the
+      knights-errant, who did all that you say this man does; though it is my
+      belief that either you are joking, or else this gentleman has empty
+      lodgings in his head."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You are a great scoundrel," said Don Quixote, "and it is you who are
+      empty and a fool. I am fuller than ever was the whoreson bitch that bore
+      you;" and passing from words to deeds, he caught up a loaf that was near
+      him and sent it full in the goatherd's face, with such force that he
+      flattened his nose; but the goatherd, who did not understand jokes, and
+      found himself roughly handled in such good earnest, paying no respect to
+      carpet, tablecloth, or diners, sprang upon Don Quixote, and seizing him by
+      the throat with both hands would no doubt have throttled him, had not
+      Sancho Panza that instant come to the rescue, and grasping him by the
+      shoulders flung him down on the table, smashing plates, breaking glasses,
+      and upsetting and scattering everything on it. Don Quixote, finding
+      himself free, strove to get on top of the goatherd, who, with his face
+      covered with blood, and soundly kicked by Sancho, was on all fours feeling
+      about for one of the table-knives to take a bloody revenge with. The canon
+      and the curate, however, prevented him, but the barber so contrived it
+      that he got Don Quixote under him, and rained down upon him such a shower
+      of fisticuffs that the poor knight's face streamed with blood as freely as
+      his own. The canon and the curate were bursting with laughter, the
+      officers were capering with delight, and both the one and the other hissed
+      them on as they do dogs that are worrying one another in a fight. Sancho
+      alone was frantic, for he could not free himself from the grasp of one of
+      the canon's servants, who kept him from going to his master's assistance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c52b" id="c52b"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c52b.jpg (348K)" src="images/c52b.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c52b.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At last, while they were all, with the exception of the two bruisers who
+      were mauling each other, in high glee and enjoyment, they heard a trumpet
+      sound a note so doleful that it made them all look in the direction whence
+      the sound seemed to come. But the one that was most excited by hearing it
+      was Don Quixote, who though sorely against his will he was under the
+      goatherd, and something more than pretty well pummelled, said to him,
+      "Brother devil (for it is impossible but that thou must be one since thou
+      hast had might and strength enough to overcome mine), I ask thee to agree
+      to a truce for but one hour for the solemn note of yonder trumpet that
+      falls on our ears seems to me to summon me to some new adventure." The
+      goatherd, who was by this time tired of pummelling and being pummelled,
+      released him at once, and Don Quixote rising to his feet and turning his
+      eyes to the quarter where the sound had been heard, suddenly saw coming
+      down the slope of a hill several men clad in white like penitents.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The fact was that the clouds had that year withheld their moisture from
+      the earth, and in all the villages of the district they were organising
+      processions, rogations, and penances, imploring God to open the hands of
+      his mercy and send the rain; and to this end the people of a village that
+      was hard by were going in procession to a holy hermitage there was on one
+      side of that valley. Don Quixote when he saw the strange garb of the
+      penitents, without reflecting how often he had seen it before, took it
+      into his head that this was a case of adventure, and that it fell to him
+      alone as a knight-errant to engage in it; and he was all the more
+      confirmed in this notion, by the idea that an image draped in black they
+      had with them was some illustrious lady that these villains and
+      discourteous thieves were carrying off by force. As soon as this occurred
+      to him he ran with all speed to Rocinante who was grazing at large, and
+      taking the bridle and the buckler from the saddle-bow, he had him bridled
+      in an instant, and calling to Sancho for his sword he mounted Rocinante,
+      braced his buckler on his arm, and in a loud voice exclaimed to those who
+      stood by, "Now, noble company, ye shall see how important it is that there
+      should be knights in the world professing the order of knight-errantry; now, I
+      say, ye shall see, by the deliverance of that worthy lady who is borne
+      captive there, whether knights-errant deserve to be held in estimation,"
+      and so saying he brought his legs to bear on Rocinante&mdash;for he had no
+      spurs&mdash;and at a full canter (for in all this veracious history we
+      never read of Rocinante fairly galloping) set off to encounter the
+      penitents, though the curate, the canon, and the barber ran to prevent
+      him. But it was out of their power, nor did he even stop for the shouts of
+      Sancho calling after him, "Where are you going, Senor Don Quixote? What
+      devils have possessed you to set you on against our Catholic faith? Plague
+      take me! mind, that is a procession of penitents, and the lady they are
+      carrying on that stand there is the blessed image of the immaculate
+      Virgin. Take care what you are doing, senor, for this time it may be
+      safely said you don't know what you are about." Sancho laboured in vain,
+      for his master was so bent on coming to quarters with these sheeted
+      figures and releasing the lady in black that he did not hear a word; and
+      even had he heard, he would not have turned back if the king had ordered
+      him. He came up with the procession and reined in Rocinante, who was
+      already anxious enough to slacken speed a little, and in a hoarse, excited
+      voice he exclaimed, "You who hide your faces, perhaps because you are not
+      good subjects, pay attention and listen to what I am about to say to you."
+      The first to halt were those who were carrying the image, and one of the
+      four ecclesiastics who were chanting the Litany, struck by the strange
+      figure of Don Quixote, the leanness of Rocinante, and the other ludicrous
+      peculiarities he observed, said in reply to him, "Brother, if you have
+      anything to say to us say it quickly, for these brethren are whipping
+      themselves, and we cannot stop, nor is it reasonable we should stop to
+      hear anything, unless indeed it is short enough to be said in two words."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will say it in one," replied Don Quixote, "and it is this; that at
+      once, this very instant, ye release that fair lady whose tears and sad
+      aspect show plainly that ye are carrying her off against her will, and
+      that ye have committed some scandalous outrage against her; and I, who was
+      born into the world to redress all such like wrongs, will not permit you
+      to advance another step until you have restored to her the liberty she
+      pines for and deserves."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From these words all the hearers concluded that he must be a madman, and
+      began to laugh heartily, and their laughter acted like gunpowder on Don
+      Quixote's fury, for drawing his sword without another word he made a rush
+      at the stand. One of those who supported it, leaving the burden to his
+      comrades, advanced to meet him, flourishing a forked stick that he had for
+      propping up the stand when resting, and with this he caught a mighty cut
+      Don Quixote made at him that severed it in two; but with the portion that
+      remained in his hand he dealt such a thwack on the shoulder of Don
+      Quixote's sword arm (which the buckler could not protect against the
+      clownish assault) that poor Don Quixote came to the ground in a sad
+      plight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sancho Panza, who was coming on close behind puffing and blowing, seeing
+      him fall, cried out to his assailant not to strike him again, for he was a
+      poor enchanted knight, who had never harmed anyone all the days of his
+      life; but what checked the clown was, not Sancho's shouting, but seeing
+      that Don Quixote did not stir hand or foot; and so, fancying he had killed
+      him, he hastily hitched up his tunic under his girdle and took to his
+      heels across the country like a deer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By this time all Don Quixote's companions had come up to where he lay; but
+      the processionists seeing them come running, and with them the officers of
+      the Brotherhood with their crossbows, apprehended mischief, and clustering
+      round the image, raised their hoods, and grasped their scourges, as the
+      priests did their tapers, and awaited the attack, resolved to defend
+      themselves and even to take the offensive against their assailants if they
+      could. Fortune, however, arranged the matter better than they expected,
+      for all Sancho did was to fling himself on his master's body, raising over
+      him the most doleful and laughable lamentation that ever was heard, for he
+      believed he was dead. The curate was known to another curate who walked in
+      the procession, and their recognition of one another set at rest the
+      apprehensions of both parties; the first then told the other in two words
+      who Don Quixote was, and he and the whole troop of penitents went to see
+      if the poor gentleman was dead, and heard Sancho Panza saying, with tears
+      in his eyes, "Oh flower of chivalry, that with one blow of a stick hast
+      ended the course of thy well-spent life! Oh pride of thy race, honour and
+      glory of all La Mancha, nay, of all the world, that for want of thee will
+      be full of evil-doers, no longer in fear of punishment for their misdeeds!
+      Oh thou, generous above all the Alexanders, since for only eight months of
+      service thou hast given me the best island the sea girds or surrounds!
+      Humble with the proud, haughty with the humble, encounterer of dangers,
+      endurer of outrages, enamoured without reason, imitator of the good,
+      scourge of the wicked, enemy of the mean, in short, knight-errant, which
+      is all that can be said!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a name="c52c" id="c52c"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c52c.jpg (325K)" src="images/c52c.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <a href="images/c52c.jpg"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg" /></a><br />
+      <br /> <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the cries and moans of Sancho, Don Quixote came to himself, and the
+      first word he said was, "He who lives separated from you, sweetest
+      Dulcinea, has greater miseries to endure than these. Aid me, friend
+      Sancho, to mount the enchanted cart, for I am not in a condition to press
+      the saddle of Rocinante, as this shoulder is all knocked to pieces."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That I will do with all my heart, senor," said Sancho; "and let us return
+      to our village with these gentlemen, who seek your good, and there we will
+      prepare for making another sally, which may turn out more profitable and
+      creditable to us."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou art right, Sancho," returned Don Quixote; "It will be wise to let
+      the malign influence of the stars which now prevails pass off."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The canon, the curate, and the barber told him he would act very wisely in
+      doing as he said; and so, highly amused at Sancho Panza's simplicities,
+      they placed Don Quixote in the cart as before. The procession once more
+      formed itself in order and proceeded on its road; the goatherd took his
+      leave of the party; the officers of the Brotherhood declined to go any
+      farther, and the curate paid them what was due to them; the canon begged
+      the curate to let him know how Don Quixote did, whether he was cured of
+      his madness or still suffered from it, and then begged leave to continue
+      his journey; in short, they all separated and went their ways, leaving to
+      themselves the curate and the barber, Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, and the
+      good Rocinante, who regarded everything with as great resignation as his
+      master. The carter yoked his oxen and made Don Quixote comfortable on a
+      truss of hay, and at his usual deliberate pace took the road the curate
+      directed, and at the end of six days they reached Don Quixote's village,
+      and entered it about the middle of the day, which it so happened was a
+      Sunday, and the people were all in the plaza, through which Don Quixote's
+      cart passed. They all flocked to see what was in the cart, and when they
+      recognised their townsman they were filled with amazement, and a boy ran
+      off to bring the news to his housekeeper and his niece that their master
+      and uncle had come back all lean and yellow and stretched on a truss of
+      hay on an ox-cart. It was piteous to hear the cries the two good ladies
+      raised, how they beat their breasts and poured out fresh maledictions on
+      those accursed books of chivalry; all which was renewed when they saw Don
+      Quixote coming in at the gate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the news of Don Quixote's arrival Sancho Panza's wife came running, for
+      she by this time knew that her husband had gone away with him as his
+      squire, and on seeing Sancho, the first thing she asked him was if the ass
+      was well. Sancho replied that he was, better than his master was.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thanks be to God," said she, "for being so good to me; but now tell me,
+      my friend, what have you made by your squirings? What gown have you
+      brought me back? What shoes for your children?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I bring nothing of that sort, wife," said Sancho; "though I bring other
+      things of more consequence and value."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am very glad of that," returned his wife; "show me these things of more
+      value and consequence, my friend; for I want to see them to cheer my heart
+      that has been so sad and heavy all these ages that you have been away."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I will show them to you at home, wife," said Sancho; "be content for the
+      present; for if it please God that we should again go on our travels in
+      search of adventures, you will soon see me a count, or governor of an
+      island, and that not one of those everyday ones, but the best that is to
+      be had."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Heaven grant it, husband," said she, "for indeed we have need of it. But
+      tell me, what's this about islands, for I don't understand it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Honey is not for the mouth of the ass," returned Sancho; "all in good
+      time thou shalt see, wife&mdash;nay, thou wilt be surprised to hear
+      thyself called 'your ladyship' by all thy vassals."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What are you talking about, Sancho, with your ladyships, islands, and
+      vassals?" returned Teresa Panza&mdash;for so Sancho's wife was called,
+      though they were not relations, for in La Mancha it is customary for wives
+      to take their husbands' surnames.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Don't be in such a hurry to know all this, Teresa," said Sancho; "it is
+      enough that I am telling you the truth, so shut your mouth. But I may tell
+      you this much by the way, that there is nothing in the world more
+      delightful than to be a person of consideration, squire to a
+      knight-errant, and a seeker of adventures. To be sure most of those one
+      finds do not end as pleasantly as one could wish, for out of a hundred,
+      ninety-nine will turn out cross and contrary. I know it by experience, for
+      out of some I came blanketed, and out of others belaboured. Still, for all
+      that, it is a fine thing to be on the look-out for what may happen,
+      crossing mountains, searching woods, climbing rocks, visiting castles,
+      putting up at inns, all at free quarters, and devil take the maravedi to
+      pay."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While this conversation passed between Sancho Panza and his wife, Don
+      Quixote's housekeeper and niece took him in and undressed him and laid him
+      in his old bed. He eyed them askance, and could not make out where he was.
+      The curate charged his niece to be very careful to make her uncle
+      comfortable and to keep a watch over him lest he should make his escape
+      from them again, telling her what they had been obliged to do to bring him
+      home. On this the pair once more lifted up their voices and renewed their
+      maledictions upon the books of chivalry, and implored heaven to plunge the
+      authors of such lies and nonsense into the midst of the bottomless pit.
+      They were, in short, kept in anxiety and dread lest their uncle and master
+      should give them the slip the moment he found himself somewhat better, and
+      as they feared so it fell out.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the author of this history, though he has devoted research and
+      industry to the discovery of the deeds achieved by Don Quixote in his
+      third sally, has been unable to obtain any information respecting them, at
+      any rate derived from authentic documents; tradition has merely preserved
+      in the memory of La Mancha the fact that Don Quixote, the third time he
+      sallied forth from his home, betook himself to Saragossa, where he was
+      present at some famous jousts which came off in that city, and that he had
+      adventures there worthy of his valour and high intelligence. Of his end
+      and death he could learn no particulars, nor would he have ascertained it
+      or known of it, if good fortune had not produced an old physician for him
+      who had in his possession a leaden box, which, according to his account,
+      had been discovered among the crumbling foundations of an ancient
+      hermitage that was being rebuilt; in which box were found certain
+      parchment manuscripts in Gothic character, but in Castilian verse,
+      containing many of his achievements, and setting forth the beauty of
+      Dulcinea, the form of Rocinante, the fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the
+      burial of Don Quixote himself, together with sundry epitaphs and eulogies
+      on his life and character; but all that could be read and deciphered were
+      those which the trustworthy author of this new and unparalleled history
+      here presents. And the said author asks of those that shall read it
+      nothing in return for the vast toil which it has cost him in examining and
+      searching the Manchegan archives in order to bring it to light, save that
+      they give him the same credit that people of sense give to the books of
+      chivalry that pervade the world and are so popular; for with this he will
+      consider himself amply paid and fully satisfied, and will be encouraged to
+      seek out and produce other histories, if not as truthful, at least equal
+      in invention and not less entertaining. The first words written on the
+      parchment found in the leaden box were these:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      THE ACADEMICIANS OF<br /> ARGAMASILLA, A VILLAGE OF<br /> LA MANCHA,<br /> ON
+      THE LIFE AND DEATH<br /> OF DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA,<br /> HOC SCRIPSERUNT<br />
+      MONICONGO, ACADEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA,<br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+
+
+
+          ON THE TOMB OF DON QUIXOTE
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+The scatterbrain that gave La Mancha more
+  Rich spoils than Jason's; who a point so keen
+  Had to his wit, and happier far had been
+If his wit's weathercock a blunter bore;
+The arm renowned far as Gaeta's shore,
+  Cathay, and all the lands that lie between;
+  The muse discreet and terrible in mien
+As ever wrote on brass in days of yore;
+He who surpassed the Amadises all,
+  And who as naught the Galaors accounted,
+    Supported by his love and gallantry:
+Who made the Belianises sing small,
+  And sought renown on Rocinante mounted;
+    Here, underneath this cold stone, doth he lie.
+
+
+
+PANIAGUADO,
+ACADEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA,
+IN LAUDEM DULCINEAE DEL TOBOSO
+
+SONNET
+
+She, whose full features may be here descried,
+  High-bosomed, with a bearing of disdain,
+  Is Dulcinea, she for whom in vain
+The great Don Quixote of La Mancha sighed.
+For her, Toboso's queen, from side to side
+  He traversed the grim sierra, the champaign
+  Of Aranjuez, and Montiel's famous plain:
+On Rocinante oft a weary ride.
+Malignant planets, cruel destiny,
+  Pursued them both, the fair Manchegan dame,
+And the unconquered star of chivalry.
+  Nor youth nor beauty saved her from the claim
+Of death; he paid love's bitter penalty,
+  And left the marble to preserve his name.
+
+
+
+CAPRICHOSO, A MOST ACUTE ACADEMICIAN
+OF ARGAMASILLA, IN PRAISE OF ROCINANTE,
+STEED OF DON QUIXOTE OF LA MANCHA
+
+SONNET
+
+On that proud throne of diamantine sheen,
+  Which the blood-reeking feet of Mars degrade,
+The mad Manchegan's banner now hath been
+  By him in all its bravery displayed.
+  There hath he hung his arms and trenchant blade
+Wherewith, achieving deeds till now unseen,
+  He slays, lays low, cleaves, hews; but art hath made
+A novel style for our new paladin.
+If Amadis be the proud boast of Gaul,
+  If by his progeny the fame of Greece
+    Through all the regions of the earth be spread,
+Great Quixote crowned in grim Bellona's hall
+  To-day exalts La Mancha over these,
+    And above Greece or Gaul she holds her head.
+Nor ends his glory here, for his good steed
+Doth Brillador and Bayard far exceed;
+As mettled steeds compared with Rocinante,
+The reputation they have won is scanty.
+
+
+
+
+BURLADOR, ACADEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA,
+ON SANCHO PANZA
+
+SONNET
+
+  The worthy Sancho Panza here you see;
+    A great soul once was in that body small,
+    Nor was there squire upon this earthly ball
+So plain and simple, or of guile so free.
+Within an ace of being Count was he,
+    And would have been but for the spite and gall
+    Of this vile age, mean and illiberal,
+That cannot even let a donkey be.
+For mounted on an ass (excuse the word),
+    By Rocinante's side this gentle squire
+      Was wont his wandering master to attend.
+Delusive hopes that lure the common herd
+    With promises of ease, the heart's desire,
+      In shadows, dreams, and smoke ye always end.
+
+
+
+
+CACHIDIABLO,
+ACADEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA,
+ON THE TOMB OF DON QUIXOTE
+EPITAPH
+
+The knight lies here below,
+  Ill-errant and bruised sore,
+  Whom Rocinante bore
+In his wanderings to and fro.
+By the side of the knight is laid
+  Stolid man Sancho too,
+  Than whom a squire more true
+Was not in the esquire trade.
+
+
+
+
+            TIQUITOC,
+   ACADEMICIAN OF ARGAMASILLA,
+ON THE TOMB OF DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO
+
+           EPITAPH
+Here Dulcinea lies.
+  Plump was she and robust:
+  Now she is ashes and dust:
+The end of all flesh that dies.
+A lady of high degree,
+  With the port of a lofty dame,
+  And the great Don Quixote's flame,
+And the pride of her village was she.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      These were all the verses that could be deciphered; the rest, the writing
+      being worm-eaten, were handed over to one of the Academicians to make out
+      their meaning conjecturally. We have been informed that at the cost of
+      many sleepless nights and much toil he has succeeded, and that he means to
+      publish them in hopes of Don Quixote's third sally.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>"Forse altro cantera con miglior plettro."</i> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
+      <a name="c52e" id="c52e"></a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig">
+      <img alt="c52e.jpg (54K)" src="images/c52e.jpg" width="100%" />
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I,
+Complete, by Miguel de Cervantes
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+</pre>
+  </body>
+</html>