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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll
+have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
+this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: The American Bee Journal
+       Volume XVII No. 11.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Thomas G. Newman
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2019 [EBook #59152]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES.
+  Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text
+    by =equal= signs.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  OLDEST BEE PAPER      ESTABLISHED
+  IN AMERICA            IN 1861
+
+  THE AMERICAN
+  BEE JOURNAL
+
+  DEVOTED TO SCIENTIFIC BEE-CULTURE AND THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF
+  PURE HONEY.
+
+  VOL. XVII.      CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 16, 1881.      No. 11.
+]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  OLDEST BEE PAPER       ESTABLISHED
+  IN AMERICA             IN 1861
+
+  THE AMERICAN
+  BEE JOURNAL
+]
+
+  Published every Wednesday, by
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR,
+  974 WEST MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
+
+ WEEKLY—(52 numbers) =$2.00= a year, in advance. Three or Six Months
+ at the same rate.
+
+ SEMI-MONTHLY—The first and third numbers of each month, at =$1.00= a
+ year, in advance.
+
+ MONTHLY—The first number of each month, at =50 cents= a year, in
+ advance.
+
+☞ Any person sending a Club of six is entitled to an extra copy (like
+the club) which may be sent to any address desired. Sample copies
+furnished _free_.
+
+☞ Remit by money-order, registered letter, express or bank draft on
+Chicago or New York, payable to our order. Such _only_ are at our risk.
+Checks on local banks cost us 25 cents for collecting.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ Free of postage in the United States or Canada.
+
+ =Postage to Europe 50 cents extra.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ _Entered at Chicago post office as second class matter._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CORRESPONDENCE.]
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Pure Liquid Honey in Glass Jars.
+
+  CHAS. DADANT.
+
+
+  Under this heading I find an article from Mr. W. M. Hoge, who
+  says that he has invented a way of preparing liquid honey so
+  that it will not congeal. He adds that this discovery will
+  be beneficial to bee-keepers, and he explains how we will
+  profit by it. The tendency of honey to candy, for all the
+  adulterators of honey, has proved to be a great impediment;
+  while, for the producers, it is a good characteristic, for it
+  is the best stamp that a bee-keeper can put on his product—a
+  stamp that the adulterators are unable to counterfeit.
+
+  Now that the consumers at large begin to give their
+  preference to candied honey, the adulterators, seeing
+  their sales decreasing, try to invent some means to stop
+  this result, and incite us to help them to continue their
+  fraudulent practice.
+
+  Let us remember that the candying of honey is the best test
+  of purity thus far; that, by preventing honey from candying,
+  we lower it to the level of glucosed honey; and that, as
+  long as liquid honey can be found on our markets, we will be
+  compelled to compete with adulterated honey, for the profit
+  of this adulteration will always tempt the unscrupulous
+  dealers, while we will be unable to compete with them for the
+  price.
+
+  A few years ago we could find liquid honey, in glass jars,
+  in every good grocery. Three years ago I produced, at the
+  Western Illinois and Eastern Iowa Convention, held at
+  Burlington, Iowa, one of these bottles, bought in St. Louis,
+  labeled “Pure Extracted Honey, from John Long, New York.” Mr.
+  Hoge, who resided in New York at that time, probably knows
+  “John Long.” This “pure honey” was analyzed by an expert
+  chemist and found mostly glucose. These jars and tumblers
+  are now of slow sale, for the consumers begin to have
+  confidence in candied honey. We are, therefore, in a fair
+  way for selling our product. Let us go on, and turn the cold
+  shoulder to the advice of those who have, so far, caused more
+  prejudice than profit to bee-keepers.
+
+  Mr. Hoge, who has visited the old continent, knows, as well
+  as I do, that in Europe liquid honey is unsalable, for
+  the consumers are accustomed to buying candied honey. Let
+  us persist in our efforts to educate the people on this
+  question, and we will drive all spurious honey from our
+  markets.
+
+  Hamilton, Ill., Feb. 2, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Colchian Honey.
+
+  REV. W. BALLENTINE, A. M.
+
+
+  I see in the BEE JOURNAL, under the above caption, a question
+  from Mr. H. G. Colwell, of Columbus, Ohio, relative to the
+  effects of honey eaten by the Grecian troops, under Xenophon,
+  as they passed through Colchia in their famous retreat
+  homeward. In regard to this, you propose a query, “Why did
+  the ancient Colchian honey cause the above disorder?” I have
+  frequently had my attention turned to this subject in reading
+  Xenophon's Anabasis in the original, from which the extract
+  by Mr. Colwell is taken. From the best sources of information
+  at my command, the following seems to be the most rational.
+
+  The honey of Asia Minor in many localities appears to be
+  gathered from the flowers of the order Apocynoceæ, or
+  dog's-bane. Of this order, Prof. Wilson, in his botany,
+  page 588, observes: “These plants possess active, and often
+  suspicious qualities, residing in the white juice with which
+  the order is pervaded, and in the seeds, which are often
+  deadly poisons. The alkaloid _strychnine_, or _strychinea_,
+  one of the most violent poisons, is the active principle
+  of the Strychorea Nux-vomica, of India. It is sometimes
+  administered as a medicine, but with doubtful success; a
+  single seed of one species is sufficient to kill 20 persons.
+  The order is generally emetic.”
+
+  In corroboration of this, I will give you the opinion of the
+  celebrated Ainsworth, who traveled over the route of the
+  Grecians, and took notes of all the localities and incidents
+  recorded by Xenophon. He observes that “this fact of the
+  honey of Asia Minor being, in certain places, and at certain
+  seasons, of a poisonous nature, was known to all antiquity,
+  and is very common at the present day, so much so, that I
+  have known the peasants to inquire if we would prefer the
+  bitter or the sweet honey, for the honey so qualified has a
+  slight, but not unpleasant, bitterness, and is preferred by
+  many, from producing, when taken in moderate quantities, the
+  effect of slight intoxication. Pliny notices two kinds of
+  honey, one found at Heraclea, in Pontus, and another among
+  the Sanni or Mocrones. The first he supposed to be produced
+  by a plant called Ægolethron, or goatsbane; the second by a
+  species of rhododendron. Dioscorides, Diodorus, Siculus and
+  Aristotle, all notice the honey of Heraclea Pontica. The
+  celebrated botanist, Tournefort, ascertained on the spot,
+  that the honey of bees feeding on the Azalea Pontica, as
+  also on the Rhododendron Ponticum, possessed mischievous
+  properties; but as the bitter and intoxicating honey is
+  found in many parts of Asia Minor, where these plants do
+  not flower, it is extremely probable that these peculiar
+  properties are further derived from the flower of the Nerium
+  Oleander, or common rose-laurel, the leaves of which are
+  known to be acrid and poisonous. The natural family to which
+  the rose-laurel belongs (Apocynaceæ) is distinguished by
+  plants endued with dangerous and fatal properties, and these
+  act on the nerves so as to produce stupefaction. Rhodoraceæ
+  also possesses narcotic properties, but in a less marked
+  degree.”
+
+  It appears from this, that the honey gathered by the bees
+  from these poisonous plants, possessed some of the inherent
+  qualities of the plants themselves, and operated like a
+  narcotic or opiate on the nerves, producing stupefaction
+  and intoxication. If you see proper you can give the above
+  a place in the Weekly, with which I am, so far, very well
+  pleased.
+
+  Sago, Ohio.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Combined Summer and Winter Stand.
+
+  H. L. PENFIELD.
+
+
+  The engraving shows a perspective view of a combined winter
+  and summer stand, which I put up to accommodate 12 hives
+  of the standard Langstroth pattern. It is constructed as
+  follows: Put in the ground 9 oak posts 4 × 4 inches, for a
+  frame to nail the 14 foot boards to—3 posts on each side,
+  and 3 between these, set in the ground 18 inches. The ends
+  are 9 feet wide, which I find gives ample room to manipulate
+  the bees between the rows of hives, the operator being in
+  the shade, and not in front of the entrance of the bees,
+  which seldom bother me. The sides front east and west. The
+  ends are open during the summer, and the north end boarded
+  up in winter. We use millet hay for protection, filling in
+  spaces between the hives, and over and under them, almost
+  filling up between the rows, clearing away enough in front of
+  the entrance for the bees to take a flight when the weather
+  permits.
+
+
+  [Illustration:
+
+  A, A—Ventilation and bee escape. B—Space to work in and
+  shaded.]
+
+
+  This protection keeps them quiet, and storms beat on the
+  shelter and on the millet hay. Of course, this is not a
+  water-proof shelter or cover, and I do not think one is
+  needed. It is advantageous to have an opening in the apex of
+  the roof; this plan of having one roof higher than the other
+  secures it with the least expense. It is curious to notice
+  how the bees fly out of these spaces marked A, A (as both
+  ends are open) while the operators manipulating the hives.
+  Sixteen boards 14 feet long and 1 foot wide cover it, and
+  with the 9 posts and 4 2 × 4 studding to set the hives on,
+  and short pieces to set on top of the posts to nail the roof
+  to, complete the lumber bill.
+
+  Hunnewell, Mo.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Foul Brood, and Its Causes.
+
+  H. L. JEFFREY.
+
+
+  You ask for my observations on foul brood regarding the cases
+  noted in the BEE JOURNAL. There are many who, I know, will
+  disagree with me, but nevertheless, it seemed to come from
+  no other source. The largest case of it was 25 colonies in
+  one apiary. Ever since the year 1873 they had been wintered
+  in the cellar, in a sort of room fitted up especially for
+  them. They were usually put in about Nov. 25, and taken out
+  about April 1st to the 20th, according to the season. This
+  receptacle was directly under the living room, which was
+  kept very warm. The bee-room was generally quite dry, and
+  towards spring would stand from 45° to 50°, which would let
+  the bees have from 60° to 80° in the hive, or perhaps 90°,
+  causing the cluster to spread, and there was always a good
+  supply of brood in the combs when taken from the cellar, and
+  generally a considerable number of young hatched bees. So far
+  everything was as good as could be asked for, and every good
+  bee-keeper will say this could not have anything to do with
+  foul brood; perhaps not.
+
+  These same hives, with more space and more surface of comb
+  than a 10 frame Langstroth hive gives, were put into the
+  cellar with all their combs in place, with a box 6 inches
+  deep below the hive, and another above filled with straw, or
+  with a top story filled with rags, old clothes and pieces of
+  carpet or straw. The full complement of combs was left in the
+  hives, regardless of the strength of the colonies, and they
+  were then set on their summer stands without using division
+  boards, or any contraction of combs. After setting out they
+  were generally fed liberally every night to induce breeding,
+  which is a good plan if properly handled, but in this case it
+  helped to breed the disease, and it did do it to the fullest
+  extent. Why? First, a small colony should not be given any
+  more combs than it can cover, either in summer or winter.
+  If the hive is too large, insert a division on one or both
+  sides; if on both sides, let one of them be at least half an
+  inch shallower than the hive, then if the numbers increase,
+  they can crowd outside of it.
+
+  Second, if they are wintered indoors, in a hive full of
+  combs, take away all you can before they are set out in the
+  spring, even if you have to feed to prevent starvation.
+
+  Third, if you do winter indoors on a full set of combs, do
+  not commence feeding regularly, to induce breeding, as soon
+  as set out, though it be the 25th of April or even the 1st of
+  May.
+
+  In the case mentioned the consequences were: In the weak
+  colonies some of the bees died in the combs and contracted
+  some moisture, consequently would mold. Some strong colonies
+  would do the same, but many of the dead bees would be thrown
+  down. The cellar had a drain 100 feet long, with a fall of 5
+  feet, to keep the cellar dry, and a ventilator 3 feet above
+  the house-sill outside, at the south. The ventilator opened
+  on warm days, consequently a draft of warm air, fire in the
+  room above, temperature in the bee-cellar raised, cluster
+  of bees spread, queen goes to laying, honey consumed, brood
+  reared and old bees wearing out; all of these conditions are
+  the requisites of good, strong, healthy colonies, and they
+  are just as surely the forerunners of first-class cases of
+  foul brood every time.
+
+  I know that 99 out of every 100 bee-keepers will differ
+  with me, but go through the colonies with me 10 or 15 days
+  after setting out on the summer stands; suppose in that time
+  we have had 2 or 3 good flying days; the feeding induced
+  the queen to lay more rapidly and forced the cluster to
+  spread; the eggs hatched into larvæ; on the pleasant days
+  the old bees flew out but forgot to fly in again, thus
+  diminishing the cluster; then there came 2 or 3 stormy days
+  in succession, cold and chilling; the cluster contracted
+  as well as diminished in numbers; the minute larvæ starved
+  and dead, and some, perhaps, that are advanced to capping;
+  another flying day, and their numbers are more reduced. The
+  dead bees in the combs putrefy, and you have for your pains a
+  first-class case of foul brood in the near future. Many will
+  shake their heads, but I saw the colonies, and in 3 years I
+  saw the 25 and their increase decreased to 17, the 17 and
+  their increase decreased to 9, the 9 down to 2, and the 2
+  went, in the spring of 1880, “where the woodbine twineth.”
+
+  Woodbury, Conn., Feb. 26, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Early Importations of Italian Bees.
+
+  REV. L. L. LANGSTROTH.
+
+
+  I can probably give, better than any one living, the history
+  of the first efforts made to introduce Italian bees into
+  this country; as I knew well the late Messrs. Samuel Wagner
+  and Richard Colvin, and Messrs. S. B. Parsons and P. G.
+  Mahan, who, with myself, were the first to import them.
+  Messrs. Wagner and Edward Jessop, both residents of York,
+  Penn., received from Dzierzon, in 1856, a colony of Italian
+  bees which had starved on shipboard. Mr. Wagner's letter
+  to me, August, 1856, and given the next spring, in my 2nd
+  edition on bees, is the earliest notice, published in this
+  country, of the Italian race of bees. Messrs. Wagner and
+  Colvin, subsequently, bought a few queens of Dzierzon,
+  which were consigned to the care of the surgeon of a Bremen
+  steamship, who had been carefully taught what precautions to
+  use for their safety. Fearing that the bees might sting his
+  passengers, the captain would not allow them to be put on his
+  vessel.
+
+  “In the winter of 1858-59,” (I quote from Mr. Colvin's able
+  article on beekings, in the Report of the Commissioner of
+  Agriculture for 1863, page 530,) “another attempt was made
+  by Mr. Wagner, Rev. L. L. Langstroth, and myself. The order
+  was placed in the hands of the surgeon of the steamer, to
+  whose charge the bees were to have been committed, but in
+  consequence of his determining to leave the ship, the effort
+  failed.[A] Subsequently arrangements were made, in the latter
+  part of that year, and we received 7 living queens. Only two
+  or three young queens were reared by us during that fall and
+  winter, and in the following spring we found that all our
+  imported stock had perished. In conjunction with Mr. Wagner,
+  I determined to make another trial; the queens, however, did
+  not arrive until June, 1860.”
+
+  [Footnote A: Mr. Colvin, having formed the acquaintance of
+  the German Captain, not only convinced him that the bees
+  could not escape to injure anyone, but inspired him with
+  a strong desire to be the first to bring over in his own
+  vessel, this valuable race of bees. It would require quite a
+  volume to tell, at length, what sacrifices of time were made
+  by Messrs. Wagner and Colvin, to secure these bees.]
+
+  Our queens, which came in 1859, were in charge of a German
+  resident of Brooklyn, N. Y., who was returning home from
+  a visit to his friends, and to whom Mr. Wagner had given
+  very careful directions how to care for them. This person,
+  learning that Mr. Mahan had expressed the intention of having
+  the honor of landing, in America, the first living Italian
+  bees, and desiring, as he told me, to secure this honor for
+  us, communicated Mr. Mahan's intention to the captain, who,
+  as soon as the gang-way was in place, was the first person to
+  step ashore, proclaiming with a very loud voice: “These are
+  the first Italian bees ever landed on the shores of America!”
+
+  In the spring of 1856, Mr. S. B. Parsons, of Flushing, L. I.,
+  invited me to visit him, and advise with him as to the best
+  way of managing his Italian bees. On my way, I called upon
+  Mr. Mahan, who was joint owner with me of a large interest
+  in my patent hive. He gave me a very graphic account of his
+  visit to the apiary of the Baron Von Berlepsch, from whom he
+  obtained a queen, and supplied me with a few Italian workers
+  for Prof. Joseph Lidy, that he might determine how the length
+  of proboscis, in that variety, compared with that of the
+  black bee. On arriving at Flushing, Mr. Parsons showed me
+  five hollow logs, or “gums,” placed in an old bee-shed. It
+  was a warm, sun-shiny day, and I saw only an occasional bee
+  flying out from one of the hives. These colonies had been
+  purchased in Italy, carried safely on the backs of mules over
+  the Alpine passes, to Genoa, from which port they were safely
+  shipped to New York; but by a succession of mishaps, four of
+  them died at Flushing. The fifth contained a mere handful of
+  bees, with their queen, which I introduced to a colony of
+  black bees. It is hardly necessary to say that none of these
+  hives were ever in the same vessel with Mr. Mahan.
+
+  On the 18th of April, the steamer Argo arrived in New York,
+  after a tedious and stormy voyage. Mr. Herman, a German
+  bee-keeper, and author of a work on the Italian bee, who had
+  been furnished with a large sum of money by Mr. Parsons to
+  buy Italian bees in the best districts of Italy, and who had
+  agreed to bring them over in the original hives, and breed
+  queens for Mr. Parsons, _was not on board_, but in his place,
+  a young Austrian, by the name of Bodmer. On the 19th, as soon
+  as the bees were allowed to be landed, they were carried to
+  Flushing. The small boxes in which they were put up were
+  in three different packages, one of which was consigned
+  to the U. S. Government, one to Mr. Mahan, and one to Mr.
+  Parsons. As the Austrian said that he knew, by examination on
+  shipboard, that the bees were in a very bad condition, and
+  many of them already dead, and, as the day was very pleasant,
+  they were all examined under my personal supervision, and I
+  can assure Mr. Robinson that every colony consigned to the
+  Government and Mr. Mahan, was dead. A few, only, of those
+  marked for Mr. Parsons, had living queens, some of which soon
+  died, and in a short time he found himself the possessor of
+  only two queens, one of which was the queen found alive upon
+  my arrival at Flushing.
+
+  By my advice, Mr. Wm. W. Cary, of Coleraine, Mass., a very
+  skillful bee-keeper, and a thoroughly trustworthy man, was
+  sent for by Mr. Parsons. One of the queens was entrusted
+  to his care, on the premises of Mr. Parsons, and the other
+  to Mr. Bodmer, some distance off, who did not raise queens
+  enough even to pay for the black bees and honey which were
+  purchased for his use; while Mr. Cary Italianized a large
+  apiary for Mr. Parsons, besides filling all his orders for
+  queens.
+
+  One hundred and eleven queens were carried to California,
+  by Mr. A. J. Biglow, 108 of which reached there in good
+  condition. This small per cent. of loss was, in part, owing
+  to the skillful supervision of Mr. Biglow, and to the
+  purifying flight which, by my advice, he gave them on the
+  Isthmus of Panama; but all his precautions would have been
+  of no avail but for the judicious way in which they were
+  prepared by Mr. Cary and himself, for so long a voyage. The
+  bees sent to Mr. Parsons were in cigar boxes, into which the
+  combs were merely crowded or wedged: the loosening of the
+  combs on so rough a voyage killed some of the queens, while
+  others were drowned, with their bees, in honey; and others,
+  still, starved from the boxes being over-crowded with bees.
+  It is hardly necessary to contrast Mr. Biglow's success with
+  the heavy losses sustained for years by those who imported
+  bees from Europe. The result of Mr. Parsons' dealings with
+  Herman were, that for $1,200 advanced to him, he had only 2
+  queens to show. The next season Mr. Bodmer, having learned
+  how to pack bees for a sea voyage, brought over a number of
+  queens in good condition, for Mr. E. W. Rose, but was very
+  unfortunate in the management of them. Herman came, some
+  years after, to this country, and was employed by a friend of
+  mine in Philadelphia, to purchase for him, in Italy, a large
+  number of queens. The return voyage was long and stormy, and
+  every queen died on board the steamer.
+
+  Oxford, Ohio, March 5, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  A Good Way to Promote Bee-Keeping.
+
+  WM. F. CLARKE.
+
+
+  As a sample of what may be done in many parts of the country
+  to diffuse knowledge regarding apiculture, and awaken an
+  interest in bee-keeping as a business, let me give a brief
+  account of a meeting recently held in Shaftesbury Hall,
+  Toronto, under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. Mr. D. A.
+  Jones, having made the acquaintance of some of the leading
+  spirits in the organization just named, offered to give a
+  free lecture on bee-keeping. The offer was accepted, and a
+  meeting announced to which the members of the Y. M. C. A.
+  were admitted _gratis_, while the general public were charged
+  a small fee. Mr. Jones invited the writer to be present as
+  a reserve force, in case he should break down, (!) and what
+  enthusiastic bee-keeper would not rally to the rescue when
+  thus appealed to? Unfortunately Mr. J. was not in good trim,
+  having been sick enough to keep his bed most of the day
+  preceding the lecture evening. However, he gathered himself
+  up for the task he had undertaken, and was cheered by the
+  appearance of his ally just as the lecture was about to
+  begin. For a sick man, he did bravely, and spoke for nearly
+  an hour. His remarks were, of course, general, and very
+  different from what they would have been if his audience
+  had been composed of experienced apiarists. He discoursed
+  on bee-keeping as a business, explained the outlines of it,
+  showed that it was profitable, and especially dwelt upon
+  the gain which would accrue to the country if it were more
+  generally engaged in. An interesting sketch of his journey
+  to Cyprus and the Holy Land formed the latter part of his
+  address. The writer supplemented his remarks by a talk of
+  about half an hour, the chief theme of which was advice to
+  intending bee-keepers. There was a far larger audience than
+  might have been expected, considering the prevalent apathy in
+  regard to apicultural pursuits, and considering also that the
+  weather was unpleasantly stormy. Much interest was evidently
+  awakened; a number of questions were asked at the close of
+  the addresses, and many lingered when “meetin' was out” to
+  talk about bee-matters. An immense amount of good might be
+  done if practical bee-keepers would engage in this kind of
+  missionary work. The public is a dull scholar, and needs to
+  be “enthused” by men who have the true apicultural spirit.
+  Among other questions, these were asked:—“What is the best
+  bee journal?” and “What is the best book on bee-keeping?” The
+  AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, and Cook's “Manual,” were the replies
+  given. In his counsels to beginners, the writer insisted very
+  strongly, that the first step in practical bee-keeping was to
+  get a good hand-book, and journal of apiculture. So, if you
+  receive orders from Toronto for the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, and
+  “Manual,” you may give Jones' meeting the credit for having
+  inspired them. There are not only Y. M. C. As., but other
+  organizations all over the land that would be glad to have a
+  meeting in the interests of bee-keeping. If 2 or 3 practical
+  bee-keepers would divide the work and responsibility of
+  maintaining such a meeting, it would not be so formidable,
+  as though only one man undertook it. A plain, common-sense
+  talk on a subject of such practical and commercial importance
+  as bee-keeping, would be a welcome change from the elaborate
+  lectures usually delivered before Y. M. C. As., Lyceums, and
+  bodies of that ilk. I hope Jones' enthusiastic zeal will stir
+  others up to emulation and imitation. Reader, if conscious of
+  possessing “the gift of the gab” in any degree, “go thou and
+  do likewise.”
+
+  Listowell, Ont., March 7, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Do Bees Injure Fruit?
+
+  F. P. BOUTEILLER.
+
+
+  A prominent wine-grower in this country, told me, about a
+  year ago, that he did not want bees in his neighborhood as
+  he found they injured his grape crop. As I have a small
+  grapery, of about a hundred plants, between the rows of which
+  I find shelter for about 20 colonies of bees, I determined
+  to observe if his theory was correct, for I was loth to give
+  up either. If any fruit crop could be injured by the visit
+  of bees, mine is surely the one. The result of one season's
+  close observation has convinced me: 1st. That bees promote
+  rather than injure the foundations of fruit buds, because the
+  bunches on my vines were full, with better developed berries,
+  than those produced on vines less exposed to their visits,
+  and my peach and cherry trees were as fairly loaded with
+  fruit as they well could be. 2nd. That in the fall bees only
+  visit our ripe berries, that have been sweetened by early
+  frosts, and are very rarely seen on good sound fruit, when
+  the skin is unbroken, and that the loss from this cause is
+  of very little consequence, as the fruit attacked would fall
+  off itself, without the visit of the bees, before gathering.
+  I am wintering 21 colonies, mostly Italians; procured one
+  of Jones' Cyprian queens, but too late in the fall to speak
+  intelligently of the result. They are on summer stands, well
+  sheltered and surrounded with straw, having means of exit,
+  and I think are wintering well, but they have not had a good
+  fly since early in November.
+
+  Belle River, Ont., March 5, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Remarkable Tardiness in Fecundity.
+
+  G. W. DEMAREE.
+
+
+  One of my Cyprian queens has upset an established doctrine in
+  bee-science, set at naught all the bee-books, and reversed
+  the old adage which says: “hope long deferred maketh the
+  heart sick.” In the latter part of last season I reared some
+  Cyprian queens from eggs and larvæ, obtained from Mr. Root;
+  they were 7 in number, and were hatched on the 6th, 7th,
+  and 8th days of Sept. The weather being warm and fair they
+  were all fertilized (except one, which never returned from
+  her bridal tour) by the 12th of the month, and a few days
+  later they were all laying except one; that being the finest,
+  brightest-looking queen of the lot, stubbornly refused to
+  commence the duties of a good queen. She was in a strong
+  nucleus which was fed regularly and bountifully, till the
+  hive looked as though the occupants were enjoying a bountiful
+  white clover harvest, but “nary an egg would she lay.”
+
+  She was provided with a clean empty comb, placed in the
+  center of the colony, and the feeding kept up till winter set
+  in, but no brood appeared. The hive was not opened from the
+  time it was prepared for winter (say Nov. 15) till the middle
+  of Dec., at which time there was not a sign of brood. Then
+  came the long siege of snow and bitter winds which lasted
+  till the 30th of Jan.; on that date our bees enjoyed a good,
+  cleansing flight, and I remembered my non-laying queen and
+  proceeded to look her combs over, and to my surprise, on one
+  of the center combs I found a little patch of brood about
+  half as large as a postal card, some of which was sealed
+  over. It was genuine worker brood, and no mistake. Since
+  which time she has been laying nicely, and now has a nice lot
+  of brood for the time of year.
+
+  My bees, 30 colonies with selected queens, have come safely
+  through the winter to the 1st of March, and there is really
+  but little danger of losing bees in this climate after
+  the 1st of this month, unless they are short of stores
+  and shamefully neglected. The bee-man is aware, above all
+  others, that there is “many a slip betwixt the cup and the
+  lip,” however closely he may watch his business. On the 30th
+  of Jan. last, when my bees were flying lively, I noticed
+  that one large colony with a tested Cyprian queen, were
+  not stirring like the others. I proceeded to open the hive
+  and found the bees so nearly starved that they could only
+  show signs of life by a feeble motion of their wings, which
+  produced no sound whatever. Not a bee seemed able to change
+  its position; the fore-runner of death was already present
+  in the form of a cold, damp atmosphere in the brood chamber.
+  I prepared some rich sweetened water, separated the frames
+  gently, and sprinkled the bees thoroughly with the sweetened
+  water, and poured some of it into the empty cells. The frames
+  were then readjusted and a dry woolen quilt spread over the
+  bees and the sun permitted to shine into the hive. In about
+  an hour I raised the quilt and the inmates of the hive were
+  stirring briskly, handing around the good cheer, while some
+  of them showed fight in a most patriotic style. They were
+  provided with stores, and are now a No. 1 colony. So much for
+  bee-science.
+
+  What a lesson this teaches! Here was a large colony of
+  bees perishing with famine, as one single individual; so
+  unselfishly had they divided their family stores amongst
+  themselves that when relief did come, though not till their
+  dire extremity, there was no practical loss of life. Before I
+  close I cannot resist the temptation to tell how my bees have
+  been carrying in meal, and prancing gaily on the alighting
+  boards with their white pellets exposed to the best advantage.
+
+  Christiansburg, Ky.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Honey-Producing in California.
+
+  W. A. PRYAL.
+
+
+  No doubt but by this time many of the Eastern bee-keepers
+  are looking to this far-off “land of milk and honey,” as of
+  late years it has been called. Perhaps the reason is partly
+  because here abundant warm rains have fallen all over the
+  State, and the world-renowned honey region has received its
+  complement of the down-pour; in fact, the inhabitants hardly
+  ever saw so much rain visit that section at the right time.
+
+  There are now signs, however, that indicate the sun will
+  shine with its usual brightness; that those delightful spring
+  days, which are so peculiar to this fair land, are about
+  to favor us. Let this be the case and the bees will soon
+  be flying out by thousands, and the willow blossoms will
+  each and all receive a welcome visit from those industrious
+  insects. Their journeyings will not be confined to the banks
+  of the creeks where the willows grow, but the woodland, where
+  the Australian blue-gum (_Eucalyptus globulus_) has been
+  planted by the hand of man, and which holds out its bounteous
+  chalice for the busy bee to come and sip of nectar deep and
+  sweet.
+
+  While the loss in bees will in all probability be great in
+  the States east of the Rocky Mountains, here the loss, if
+  any, will not be quite as bad as it has been other years.
+  Thus it will be seen that our eastern brethren will have to
+  commence the season with greatly reduced forces, while the
+  apiarists in this State will commence operations with more
+  colonies, and, consequently, with more bees. Last season
+  was a good one, and the bees went into winter quarters with
+  abundant stores, which have carried them through the mild
+  winter safely. The bee flora having had ample rains to insure
+  a most thrifty growth, will bloom for a longer period than it
+  has heretofore, and, of course, will insure an enormous yield
+  of honey.
+
+  On account of the long continuance of the rain, but few
+  flowers have commenced to bloom. Still the plants are
+  growing, and when they do commence, they will be able to do
+  so in a vigorous manner. A few of those now blooming are
+  the willows in variety, _Eucalyptus globulus_, and it is
+  unusually covered with flowers; wild currant, a pretty fair
+  honey plant, but scarce; wild gooseberry; wild blackberry,
+  just beginning; raspberry, ditto; almond; pear and peach;
+  mignonette; horehound, and a few others. All of which give
+  the bees more than they can do to gather the nectar and
+  pollen.
+
+  North Temescal, Cal., Feb. 17, 1881.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Bee-Men to the Front.
+
+  A. W. FISK.
+
+
+  The present may be called “trying times” to bee-keepers of
+  America. Poor honey seasons, hard winters, and the nefarious
+  warfare against the honey producers of this country in the
+  vile adulteration of honey, is indeed trying, discouraging
+  and diabolical. It appears, by the papers, that these glucose
+  scoundrels are not satisfied with adulterating extracted
+  honey, but according to this article that I clip from one of
+  our papers, _The Bushnell Record_, they are manufacturing
+  comb honey. It reads as follows:
+
+  Many singular discoveries have been made among manufacturers
+  by the census enumerators in the course of their
+  investigations. For instance, it has long been known that
+  dealers are in the habit of adulterating honey with glucose
+  on the plea of thus improving its keeping qualities. In
+  Boston, however, there is a firm doing a large business
+  in making honey entirely from glucose much in the same
+  way as manufacturers elsewhere make butter from suine and
+  oleo-margarine. The comb is molded out of paraffine in
+  excellent imitation of the work of bees; then the cells are
+  filled with clear glucose and sealed by passing a hot iron
+  over them, and the product is sent to Europe as our best
+  honey. The busiest Italian bees couldn't compete with this
+  firm in turning out honey, any more than could a Eurotas-like
+  Jersey breed compete in butter-making with our deft
+  manipulators of lard and tallow.
+
+  Now, brother bee-men, I believe the time has arrived when
+  this honey counterfeiting should be stopped; I therefore
+  suggest that the bee-men of this country come up in solid
+  phalanx “to the front,” and with Pres. N. P. Allen and the
+  bee-paper editors as leaders, let us agitate the question,
+  educate the people, stir up the press, wake up the country,
+  and vote or petition to Congress until we secure the passage
+  of a law by Congress against the adulteration of honey,
+  sugar, syrup, or food of any kind. Many of the leading
+  journals of our land are battling for the right in this
+  matter. The _Burlington_ (Iowa) _Hawkeye_ last week expressed
+  itself as follows:
+
+  It is time that stringent legislative enactments are passed,
+  making the adulteration of so many articles of food a
+  criminal offense, punishable by severe penalties. If these
+  things must be done to gratify the inordinate greed of some
+  men, let it be made obligatory on them that the packages
+  containing spurious products so proclaim them, under penalty
+  of confiscation when detected, and the fraud further
+  punishable by heavy penalty. No man has any right to sell a
+  compound of honey and glucose as pure honey, nor has he any
+  right, either moral or legal, to place a compound of butter
+  and lard, still further “doctored” with drugs, upon the
+  market as pure butter. If adulterations of food are allowed
+  to go on in this way, unrebuked, there is not an article of
+  food known that will not be counterfeited, and oftentimes
+  with substances very hurtful in character.
+
+  I am thankful so many are lending their aid and influence in
+  the cause of justice and humanity, but we want the united
+  efforts of honest bee-keepers, and consumers, and fair
+  dealers, to make a bold front against every adulterator, and
+  to expose him to the world. In this way I believe the problem
+  can be solved and the evil remedied.
+
+  Bushnell, Ill.
+
+  [So far as it refers to the adulteration of comb honey, it
+  is a false alarm; all bosh! We alluded to this subject more
+  at length on page 44 of the BEE JOURNAL for Feb. 9th. We
+  are glad, however, to see the interest being awakened on
+  the subject of food adulterations, and bee-keepers as well
+  as all other honest producers, cannot be too out-spoken in
+  denouncing it.—ED.]
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  The In-and-In Breeding of Bees.
+
+  M. S. SNOW.
+
+
+  Mr. C. Thielmann, in the BEE JOURNAL, says he has bees which
+  are mostly hybrids, and he does not know where they came
+  from, but there are Italians 5 miles from him. Another says
+  he has no black bees, and his queens must be purely mated,
+  &c.; another that a neighbor has had some 10 or 15 colonies
+  so many years, breeding in-and-in, but states he manages to
+  keep his number about the same. Breeding in-and-in with bees,
+  I am fully convinced, is not much done. Bees are free rovers
+  and it seems to be their nature or instinct to mate at some
+  distance from the parent hive.
+
+  This question was discussed by one of the speakers at a
+  bee convention in N. Y. some years ago. He claimed that
+  in-and-in breeding had a great deal to do with the failures
+  in bee-keeping, &c. He compared an apiary to a yard of fowls,
+  in this respect, and that they could be bred in-and-in
+  until entirely worthless. This may be done, for fowls are
+  confined to a particular locality, but how is it with prairie
+  chickens? what is the reason they do not degenerate and run
+  out? Because they are rovers, like the bee, and are mated by
+  others from some remote part.
+
+  I claim that bees will mix from 5 to 7 miles, and if there
+  are 50 or 100 colonies within that distance the progeny of a
+  certain queen will stand a poor show of mating with drones
+  from its own hive.
+
+  To illustrate: While living in N. Y. I obtained one of Mr.
+  Langstroth's $20 tested Italian queens; I reared some 70
+  queens and introduced them into as many colonies. The next
+  season I had Italian drones by the thousand. My stock of
+  Italian drones were the only ones in the locality, so I had
+  a good chance to test breeding in-and-in. The next season,
+  and even that fall, there were hybrid colonies all over the
+  country, even at the distance of 7 miles, one man had one
+  colony. One man, 5 miles from me, wished me to introduce an
+  Italian queen into one of his colonies. I think he had 6 and
+  I was surprised to see 4 of them hybrids, how they came there
+  he did not know. Others said to me, “I have your kind of
+  bees, but where they came from I cannot tell.”
+
+  All breeders of Italian queens find it very difficult to
+  keep their stock up to the standard of purity. I obtained 5
+  dollar-queens (Italians) from a breeder in N. Y., which when
+  tested proved to be hybrids, showing conclusively that there
+  were black bees in that section.
+
+  Osakis, Minn.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  How to Prevent Robbing.
+
+  J. D. ENAS.
+
+
+  My location for surplus honey is not as good as some other
+  sections of the State, and from the middle of June to the
+  last of July, from 4 to 6 weeks, there appears to be no honey
+  flow, and the weather being hot and dry, scorches what bloom
+  is left, soon after June comes in. Our last rain is in April,
+  or sometimes late in May, and no more, generally, before
+  October or November. All kinds of stock depending on pasture,
+  especially in the hills, suffer at that time. When bees
+  can gather no honey, Italians especially go about visiting
+  for the purpose of plunder, and woe to the colony that is
+  not strong enough to defend its stores. I have reduced the
+  entrance, covered the entrance with cow-chips, wet hay,
+  brush, and, in fact, tried all remedies that ever I saw in
+  print or heard of, without success. While the robbers were
+  helping themselves, the colony robbed was not discouraged,
+  but appeared to be robbing some other, and the queen was
+  laying eggs, to be starved as they advanced to brood; no bees
+  appeared to be killed at the entrance, as no blacks were
+  about; they were all Italians, and they can rob when they get
+  started.
+
+  I exchanged the places of the hives without success, until I
+  thought of changing after dark; so while they were robbing I
+  went to all colonies that appeared to be quiet and minding
+  their own business and placed a single stone on the cover,
+  then on those that were getting robbed the worst, I placed
+  2 stones. Then when so dark that no bees were flying, I
+  exchanged places and put a strong colony on the stand of a
+  weak one. Sometimes I had to repeat this, but not always.
+  Some of those weak ones filled their hives with golden rod
+  honey and robbing was stopped for that season. It was amusing
+  to see the robbers when those strong colonies had fairly
+  awakened, to know that they had callers; they mustered out at
+  the entrance solid and were ready for business. The robber
+  seemed to think he had made a mistake. The strong colony had
+  not got discouraged; the robbers could not force the entrance
+  and the weak colony not in a fighting humor, received the
+  recruits from the strong one, which were a little too
+  surprised at the change to interfere with the queen and
+  inmates. Most of the old bees would go to their own stand but
+  in the confusion of things they would gradually be at home
+  in their own hive. I found the plan very successful, when
+  closing the entrance did not do. I extracted as late as June
+  10 to keep down swarming.
+
+  Last spring my Italians took the grafting wax from my peach
+  grafts. I also observed them gathering the worm dust from
+  decayed oak wood, and filling their pockets instead of
+  pollen, about Christmas. In the valley 2 miles from here,
+  frost was quite severe, but here the mercury got below 32°
+  only twice; the lowest was 28°. Natural bloom was 2 months
+  behind, owing to early frosts which appeared to drive the sap
+  down to the roots.
+
+  Napa, Cal.
+
+
+  For the American Bee Journal.
+
+  Bees Killed by Kindness.
+
+  B. F. WHITEAKER.
+
+
+  I commenced the year 1875 with 12 box hives and engaged
+  my brother to hive the colonies in movable frame hives on
+  shares, but the bees swarmed faster than he had the hives
+  ready—one swarmed 5 times in one week. In the fall I had 16
+  colonies in movable frame and 20 in box hives. I prepared
+  them for winter by cutting up a light bed-quilt to cover the
+  frames; drove stakes about a foot from the hives all around
+  except in the front, (which faced the south) and packed straw
+  in the spaces and filled the cap with chaff and straw, and
+  covered the hives with straw. In the spring but one colony
+  was living and that was in a box hive. The quilts were laid
+  down flat on the frames, leaving no ventilation. When it
+  became cold the bees died and fell on the bottom board,
+  filling up the spaces between the frames, the moisture fell
+  on the bees and froze solid, closing the entrance so that I
+  could not open it even with an iron rod. In the corners of
+  each hive was a chunk of ice, running half way up the frames.
+  The bees cut holes through the quilts and when they could,
+  had crawled into the straw and died. This was murder, but
+  such was my experience in 1875-6.
+
+  Florid, Ill., Mar. 1, 1881.
+
+[We have no doubt your first disasters were attributable altogether to
+a too rapid increase.—ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ The North Western Wisconsin Bee-keepers Association will meet at
+Germania Hall, LaCrosse, Wis., on Tuesday, May 10, at 10 a.m. All
+interested in bee-keeping are requested to be present.
+
+  L. H. PAMMEL, JR., _Sec._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ The next meeting of the N. W. Illinois and S. W. Wisconsin
+Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at H. W. Lee's, 2 miles n.w. of
+Pecatonica, Winnebago county, Ills., on the 17th of May, 1881.
+
+  J. STEWART, _Sec._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ On account of unfavorable weather the convention at Monroe Centre,
+Ill., met on Feb. 8, and there being but few present, adjourned to the
+same place on March 29, 1881.
+
+  A. RICE, _Pres._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  OLDEST BEE PAPER                ESTABLISHED
+  IN AMERICA                      IN 1861
+
+  THE AMERICAN
+  BEE JOURNAL
+]
+
+THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR,
+
+CHICAGO, ILL., MAR. 16, 1881.
+
+
+
+
+  Watchman! Tell us of the Night.
+
+
+  Can you not recommend some reliable prophet, who will
+  prophesy good weather soon? The storm is terrible; not a road
+  in the county is passable for half a mile; the drifts are as
+  high as the fences, and the snow full three feet on the level.
+
+  Bees are getting uneasy, and must have a flight soon. Many
+  report heavy losses, even now; others complain that all are
+  sick with dysentery. In my home cellar, out of about 275, 4
+  are slightly affected, the balance are apparently in good
+  condition. My outside apiaries fare worse. Two weeks ago
+  quite a number had the dysentery slightly; I should judge
+  about 8 or 10 per cent. How they now are I cannot tell;
+  certainly, no better. I believe that they can stand it a
+  month longer, and my home apiary 6 weeks, but that is the
+  limit.
+
+  We are all afraid that Vennor's prophecy of 11 feet of
+  snow will yet be realized, unless some one can be found to
+  contradict it. Eleven feet of snow now would last us until
+  all our bees had died a natural death from old age. Help us
+  out of our trouble, if you can.
+
+  GEO. GRIMM.
+
+  Jefferson, Wis., March 3, 1881.
+
+It was with much pleasure we noticed, in last Thursday's Associated
+Press dispatches, evidences of Prof. Vennor's reformation. He
+undoubtedly has become convinced that the realization of the eleven
+feet of snow attributed to his prophecies, would not only cause much
+suffering and privation with the majority of humanity, but work
+serious and permanent injury to the country itself. He has relented,
+or probably been bribed by Mr. McColm's liberal offer in the BEE
+JOURNAL of March 2, page 69, and now promises us better weather
+in the future. His latest prediction is a reasonably early, warm, dry
+spring, cool, pleasant summer, and late, dry fall, followed by a mild
+and pleasant winter. Of course, he promises abundant crops, and a
+satisfactory and remunerative harvest.
+
+But without any further reference to Prof. Vennor, and without laying
+any claim to the “spirit of prophecy,” we believe the coming season
+will be a very satisfactory one to those bee-keepers who may be
+prepared to profit by it, and who have the industry and intelligence
+to make the most of it. The winter of 1879-80 was very mild and open,
+the scarcity of snow left the earth's surface exposed alike to the
+freezing temperature of night, and the pleasant sunshine of the balmy
+days; spring-like showers were of frequent occurrence, and heavy rains
+accompanied with thunder were so numerous that they ceased to create
+surprise; while the weird spring-music of the frogs was a familiar
+sound every month, and nearly every week, throughout the winter. The
+alternating cold and heat “threw out” the roots of the perennial
+plants, breaking off the long, deep-reaching taps and killing the
+rootlets; hence the frequent expression, “but little white clover in
+bloom, and no honey in the blossoms.” The honey-producing annuals have
+done but little better, owing, we presume, to the germination of the
+seeds in mid-winter, and the frequent frosting of the tender sprouts
+before spring set in. Thus, the summer and fall bloom was limited,
+and no provision having been made to supply the short-comings of
+nature, bees entered upon an unprecedented winter with a poor supply
+of good—or a good supply of poor—honey. The many empty hives in the
+country this spring is the result.
+
+The past winter, whatever else may be said of it, has been propitious
+for the honey plants. Cool weather in this latitude set in during
+October; vegetation was checked in the perennials and biennials; the
+ground was frozen in November, and it was overspread with a mantle of
+snow quite early in the season, which has constantly held the roots of
+the perennials in position, and prevented the seeds of the annuals from
+unseasonable germination. The stand of white clover last fall was good,
+and mostly of quite recent growth, which should bloom profusely this
+season, and will only need heat and favorable sunshine to develop the
+nectar. The causes enumerated will also tend to confine the vitality
+of the linden trees to the roots, to be drawn out in profuse foliage
+and bloom by the genial rays of the summer sun. The numerous variety of
+flowers we believe will gratify the eye of every lover of the beautiful
+in nature, and well reward the labors of the painstaking bee-keeper.
+That the price of honey will be remunerative next fall no one can
+doubt, in view of the lessened competition, owing to the heavy losses
+the past winter and the many who will utilize the bees they have left
+to refilling their empty hives.
+
+It would take more space than we can give a single article, to explain
+why we have much confidence in Prof. Vennor's latest prediction,
+referred to above—though perhaps “the wish is father to the thought.”
+We feel confident many of our readers will cordially unite with us in
+welcoming the better time coming.
+
+
+
+
+  Migratory Bee-Keeping.
+
+
+  Why do not the enterprising bee-keepers of these parts go
+  South with their bees, and wait till the March “blizzards”
+  are over? Seems to me the bees and honey saved would about
+  pay the expenses of the trip. How much does a colony need
+  in those parts to winter on? Would there be any prospect
+  of obtaining any surplus down there before the season
+  opens here? These and a dozen other questions I am vainly
+  speculating upon. Are Messrs. Bingham and Perrine the only
+  ones that have tried the migratory plan? I believe neither
+  of them was successful; at any rate, they have abandoned it.
+  Probably they could not give it the necessary attention.
+  The loss of larvæ in shipping seems but trifling compared
+  to the gain in young bees. Considerable damage may be done
+  by combs breaking down, but wired frames would obviate that
+  difficulty. Is not wired foundation (wired in frames) the
+  only kind that can be depended on under all circumstances?
+  You report in the October number, 1880, page 468, that the
+  Northwestern Convention disapproved of wired foundation.
+  There were but few present that had given wired foundation a
+  fair trial, and if I am not mistaken, they were strongly in
+  favor of it.
+
+  H. W. FUNK.
+
+  Bloomington, Ill., March 5, 1881.
+
+The first question is difficult to answer, as enterprising bee-keepers,
+like the balance of humanity, are generally governed by motives of
+convenience or profit. There are very few but have other business
+connected with bee-keeping, and this would suffer if close attention
+was given the migratory system. The amount of honey required to winter
+in the South is much less than in the North, but the quantity is
+governed by contingencies, as would be the question, How much honey
+will a colony obtain in the South in a season? Usually bees obtain
+considerable surplus in April and May, in some localities. Mr. Bingham,
+we believe, abandoned the migratory system on account of excessive
+freights, while Mr. Perrine met with a series of disasters from the
+first which would have discouraged any one. Mr. W. O. Abbott was
+engaged last season with a floating apiary on the Mississippi river,
+from which large returns were anticipated; but as nothing definite has
+been made public since the close of the season, we suppose it was not
+a success. Others have tried Southern wintering, but we have no data
+upon which to base conclusions, except the fact of its abandonment. The
+trouble has not been so much from destruction of combs, as the expense
+attending the removal.
+
+A private letter from a gentleman with several hundred colonies of
+bees, located a short distance below Memphis, Tenn., dated March 5,
+says: “My colonies are mostly very strong; they are bringing in 5 kinds
+of pollen; many are clustering in front of their hives; most of them
+had large quantities of honey left over, and I could extract an average
+of 15 lbs. per colony with profit to the bees. Bees here are given no
+attention in the fall, but are left on the summer stands, sometimes
+with the second story over them, and often with only a honey-board.
+Frequently there are entrances at front and rear, and wide cracks in
+the sides from which bees pour out, but disaster never overtakes them
+except from starvation.”
+
+If a necessity exists for wires in foundation, then perhaps the
+wired frames are best. That but few of those in attendance at the
+Northwestern Convention “had given wired foundation a fair trial,” was
+undoubtedly owing to the fact that the great majority of those present
+had never experienced the necessity for using wires; and it might
+be difficult to convince a considerable minority of the bee-keepers
+in the country that wired foundation is even desirable for general
+use. Of course, for special purposes, such as migratory bee-keeping,
+shipping in summer, etc., where not to be transferred from the frames,
+wired-frames might be very desirable.
+
+
+
+
+Interesting Letter from Ceylon.
+
+
+Through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. Jones, we are permitted to publish
+the following letter. Anything relating to the peregrinations of Mr.
+Benton in the far East, and any discoveries of new races of bees he
+may effect, will possess a great attraction for our readers. His next
+letter, from Singapore, will be awaited with interest.
+
+  I found on examination that every queen was alive upon my
+  arrival in Pointe de Galle, though some of the nuclei were
+  greatly depopulated, owing to the death of many bees, and
+  would not have lived to reach Java had I not gotten off in
+  Ceylon. By the next steamer I go to Singapore. I have made
+  every effort to secure bees here, but none are kept in hives
+  in those ports I have visited, and I do not think in any port
+  of the Island.
+
+  Of those found in trees few can be secured, because the trees
+  are valuable cocoanut palms, and the entrance holes are in
+  the trunk of course, and are very small. I have obtained
+  three hives only of the small bees, having also spent some
+  time fixing up the bees I brought with me, and trying to find
+  the large bees, to say nothing of searching for some place
+  where bees could be purchased in hives or pots. The natives
+  are far worse than Cypriotes to get along with and accomplish
+  anything. They seem to tell lies simply for the sake of
+  giving an answer, where no pecuniary gain could come to them.
+  Again, they seem to wish to avoid saying “I do not know,”
+  when the Lord knows it would be the most appropriate thing
+  for them to say in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred. The
+  result is that it is hard work to sift the statements made by
+  the natives, and Europeans—nearly all English—know absolutely
+  nothing of value to us.
+
+  The new bees, which I think are also found in India and many
+  of the East India Islands (in which case East India bees
+  would seem to me an appropriate name), are real beauties.
+  The workers are 3/8 of an inch long, and build worker comb
+  5/8 of an inch thick, 36 cells to the square inch. The drone
+  comb is exactly the size, and like worker comb made by the
+  bees already in Europe and America. The workers are brown
+  with a very ringed abdomen, the bands to the tip of the body
+  being broadly marked with yellow, and thorax very fuzzy,
+  with a large shield between the wings; the drones are black,
+  inclining to a blue-black, and are ½ of an inch long; the
+  queens are leather-colored, and large compared with the
+  workers. These bees are very active, wonderful breeders,
+  regular little beauties, and can be handled without the least
+  smoke, scarcely ever offering to sting. It is a pity I cannot
+  get more of them during my stay.
+
+  I am determined to find out whether _Apis dorsata_ is to be
+  found here, if time will permit, and if two more races I have
+  heard of here really do exist. I am now where a few shillings
+  of railway fare will bring me to the interior of the Island.
+  More by next mail, with samples of bees and comb.
+
+  I have had a horrible time getting stung with large hornets
+  while in the jungles. It laid me up for one whole day. These
+  are fearful fellows, worse than those in Cyprus.
+
+  F. BENTON.
+
+  Colombo, Ceylon, Jan. 24, 1881.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ There are five Wednesdays in March—hence, the next number sent to
+Semi-Monthly subscribers will be No. 14.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ We can supply but a few more of the back numbers to new subscribers.
+If any want them, they must be sent for soon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ One letter sometimes makes quite a difference in the meaning of a
+sentence. Mr. L. James calls attention to an error in his article on
+page 34, in the 4th line from the bottom—the word hiving is there
+given as “hiding.” As the sense indicated the word required, perhaps it
+was not generally noticed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ The past week has been noted for snow storms, not only in America but
+also in Europe, where a winter of unusual severity is reported, with
+deep snows and steady frosts for months together. This winter will have
+a place in history, as being among the most severe as well as of the
+longest duration. Not alone have the bees suffered by it, but cattle,
+sheep, hogs, etc., have perished by the thousand from the prevalence of
+blizzards and deep snows.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ Several bee-keepers in this vicinity are considering the feasibility
+of holding a convention in Detroit this spring. The law in regard
+to foul brood, which is about to be passed, makes an organization
+necessary. It is desirable to know how many would favor the enterprise.
+Will such please send me their address.
+
+  A. B. WEED.
+
+  No. 75 Bagg street, Detroit, Mich.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  _SELECTIONS FROM
+  OUR LETTER BOX_
+]
+
+
+  =Wintered Well.=—I have wintered 40 colonies of Italians on
+  the summer stands; they have wintered well.
+
+  JAMES H. DAVIS.
+
+  New Holland, Pa., March 8, 1881.
+
+
+  =Mortality Reports.=—It seems to me that the only way of
+  profiting by the experience of bee-keepers throughout the
+  country, this exceptionally severe winter, is to reduce their
+  reports to a tabular statement. If they could be induced
+  to send in these reports, in the form of brief answers, to
+  questions like the following, we could read the history
+  of the past winter on a single page of the BEE JOURNAL,
+  and learn from it lessons of scientific value. I mean such
+  questions as these:
+
+  1. How many colonies did you winter?
+
+  2. Where? (out doors or in cellar.)
+
+  3. What hive did you use?
+
+  4. How did you prepare it?
+
+  5. What entrance was left open, bottom, top, or both?
+
+  6. How late did the bees breed?
+
+  7. How many lbs. of honey were they allowed to keep?
+
+  8. When did they have their first flight?
+
+  9. How many colonies did you lose?
+
+  C. F. KROEH.
+
+  Hoboken, N. J., Mar. 5, 1881.
+
+ [It would be difficult to get up a reliable report of this kind for
+ many reasons, chiefly, perhaps, the following: 1st. Spring does not
+ open simultaneously all over the country, and by the time the last
+ were heard from, the table would have lost its interest; 2d. Many are
+ sensitive, and prefer not to give their experience; 3d. Many have
+ partially reported already, and would scarcely care to do so again. We
+ agree with Mr. Kroeh, a table of that description would be invaluable
+ for reference; but it is difficult to obtain.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Nineteen Weeks' Confinement.=—Bees have at last had a
+  purifying flight after 19 weeks' confinement. I find 28 dead
+  from 153, I packed in chaff. Temperature has been below zero
+  7 times, and as low as 17° below, this winter. A few of the
+  remaining colonies are weak and may die yet, but nearly all
+  are strong for this season of the year. One has had dysentery
+  since Dec. 15, but is alive yet, with a fair prospect of
+  getting through.
+
+  H. D. BURRELL.
+
+  Bangor, Mich., March 10, 1881.
+
+
+  =Wintered Safely.=—We had a very poor season last year and
+  the winter has been very severe. I began the last season with
+  18 colonies, increased to 34 and obtained about 500 lbs. of
+  surplus. I wintered in the cellar, and lost 3 colonies with
+  dysentery. My bees had a cleansing flight about 2 weeks ago
+  and I think we will have no more losses this winter. There
+  are quite a number of bee-keepers in this vicinity, but
+  most of them report very heavy losses, some having over 100
+  colonies and losing nearly all. We are very much pleased with
+  the Weekly BEE JOURNAL, and think it far superior to any
+  Monthly.
+
+  L. E. WELCH.
+
+  Linden, Mich., March 8, 1881.
+
+
+  =A Slim Living.=—I prepared 21 colonies on Dec. 1st, for
+  wintering on summer stands. Hives were sitting on 4 inch
+  blocks, and the colonies were all strong. I placed woolen
+  blankets over the tops of the frames, then the honey-boards
+  and covers, and left them for the winter—my usual way. Always
+  heretofore they have come out bright. Feb. 22nd I felt uneasy
+  about them, and being a bright day, I opened the hives to
+  find 11 dead out or 21 colonies, and the remaining 10 weak.
+  The hives were filled with frost and ice, and blankets wet
+  with water; 5 out of the 11 dead had Italian queens, which
+  I purchased from Mr. A. H. Newman last summer. I am not
+  discouraged. If I had to make a living from bees it would be
+  slim. I can learn more in 1 week about taking care of bees
+  from the BEE JOURNAL, than I could in 1 year without it.
+
+  EDMUND DELAIR.
+
+  Oketo, Kan., March 1, 1881.
+
+
+  =Honey Sections.=—In the BEE JOURNAL of March 2d Mr. Heddon
+  says he prefers a section that he can press to any angle and
+  have it solid, but I fail to see that any other angle than
+  square is of any advantage. Again, Mr. H. asks, “Is it not
+  better to wait and see which goes into general use?” Perhaps
+  the following figures may show which has gone into general
+  use, at least with our customers. I make any kind that are
+  wanted, and therefore the figures will show which are the
+  most desirable. In 1879, the first year that the one piece
+  sections were put upon the market, and at a higher price than
+  other kinds, my sales were:
+
+  104,578 one piece sections. 124,058 dovetailed. 38,270 nailed.
+
+  In 1880, the following are the figures:
+
+  233,898 one-piece sections. 47,980 dovetailed. 50,950 nailed.
+
+  According to Mr. Heddon's test, therefore, the one-piece
+  sections are the most desirable, because they have gone into
+  general use.
+
+  G. B. LEWIS.
+
+  Watertown, Wis., March 8, 1881.
+
+
+  =Bees in Good Condition.=—The Weekly BEE JOURNAL is a welcome
+  visitor and is the first paper I read when I return home
+  on Friday evening. It is a friend that introduces me to my
+  fellow bee-keepers, and their manner of manipulating our
+  pets. My bees are in good spirits, yet they had but 2 flights
+  this winter. I have them packed in a shed in new Langstroth
+  hives, manipulating sides. They are 6 inches apart and packed
+  all around with straw, excepting the fronts. They face the
+  south, with a division board on each side of the frames,
+  leaving a dead air space.
+
+  JOHN W. STURWOLD.
+
+  Haymond, Ind., Feb. 7, 1881.
+
+
+  =Wintered Without Loss.=—I have kept bees for 7 years and my
+  greatest trouble has been wintering them, but I think I have
+  that perfect now. I winter on summer stands packed in chaff.
+  Last fall I had 72 colonies, and on Feb. 9 all were right. I
+  think I shall have to feed them. Last fall some had 15 lbs.
+  and others 25 lbs of honey; that is if bees and comb weighed
+  10 lbs. The combs were all new, and it may be that 10 lbs.
+  was allowing too much.
+
+  GEORGE WICKWIRE.
+
+  Weston Mills, N. Y., March 4, 1881.
+
+
+  =Mourning for the Bees.=—It is lamentable to hear the reports
+  throughout this country. Some have lost all; others all but 1
+  or 2. I think about four-fifths of the bees are dead through
+  this country; as nearly all left their bees unprotected,
+  they had to suffer losses. But I think the present winter
+  will in part decide the best methods of wintering. I started
+  last spring with 4 colonies, increased to 6, but obtained no
+  surplus. In Sept. I bought 2 Italian colonies which are doing
+  well. I packed 2 in chaff and 6 I put into the cellar, but 2
+  of these died, 1 starved, and the other had the dysentery.
+  Those packed in chaff had a good flight on Feb. 26. Those in
+  the cellar had no flight since Nov. 1. The weather is now
+  breaking up, the snow has nearly all gone, and the roads are
+  muddy. I am highly pleased with the Weekly BEE JOURNAL. I
+  could not be persuaded to do without it.
+
+  H. CRIPE.
+
+  North Manchester, Ind., Mar., 8, 1881.
+
+
+  =Wintering.=—My experience of over 25 years in trying all
+  modes of wintering is as follows: On summer stands, and in
+  the cellar for 10 years; I then built a house to winter in,
+  used that 2 years and then abandoned it. The last 3 years I
+  have been using the chaff hive and winter on summer stands,
+  with the least loss of any way I have tried. My bees had
+  a splendid fly on the 11th, it being the first chance for
+  them since the 8th of Nov. I think they will go through all
+  right now unless we have a very late spring. I prepared 148
+  colonies for winter, (123 in chaff hives and 25 in the common
+  box hive.) I have lost but one in chaff hive yet, and 10 in
+  the box hive already, and doubt if one-half of what are left
+  will see the middle of April. I wish to congratulate our
+  editor on the success of the BEE JOURNAL. I have received
+  it regular since assuming its new form, and think it just
+  splendid, and if I had but 1 colony of bees I would try to
+  take the Weekly BEE JOURNAL to aid me to make a success of
+  that 1. I hope the editor may be liberally supported by the
+  bee-keepers of America, for I believe with his experience and
+  that of his able contributors, he can give us a paper that we
+  cannot afford to do without.
+
+  J. M. FRANCE.
+
+  Auburn, Pa. Feb. 24, 1881.
+
+
+  =Vexatious to Sell Honey.=—I only realized $300 last year
+  from my bees. I put 50 colonies in winter quarters in the
+  fall of 1879; lost none, but doubled up on account of
+  queenlessness, weakness, etc., to 45, all in first class
+  order. I bought 50 colonies in old-fashioned Langstroth
+  hives; they were wintered in a good cellar, and were, with a
+  few exceptions, weak in bees, combs in bad order, short of
+  stores, and badly managed the preceding season. I united them
+  down to 27 before I moved them. At the beginning of honey
+  harvest (basswood bloom) I doubled up to 15, so that when
+  the honey season opened I had 60 first class colonies, and
+  obtained 3,500 lbs. of summer honey. I extracted only once. I
+  increased by natural swarming to 88, and at the close of the
+  season doubled up to 74. I have lost 1 this winter through
+  my own fault. I winter out-doors, but would winter indoors
+  if I had a proper place. I sell nearly all my honey to the
+  consumers, but confess this is a vexatious way of disposing
+  of it; it is the most annoying part of the business; in
+  fact, I feel disgusted when I think of it. People cry fraud,
+  fraud, when there is no fraud; but when a spurious article is
+  offered, they swallow it as quietly as desired.
+
+  GEORGE W. HORNER.
+
+  Dubuque, Iowa, Feb. 15, 1881.
+
+
+  =Prospects Better.=—This has been a fine day; my bees had a
+  cleansing flight to-day. They are all alive and strong, and
+  seem to be in splendid condition, with plenty of honey and
+  perfectly dry. I think all the danger is over with them now.
+  I am in favor of double-walled hives, but not packed with
+  chaff, for I have noticed that where there is chaff there is
+  frost on the inside wall. I prefer a dead air space, for then
+  it is always dry. What is the use of changing black bees for
+  Italians, if Mr. Loucks, of California, can get so much honey
+  from the black bees, they surely must be the “boss” bees? I
+  think we had better take our bees to California, where milk
+  and honey flows.
+
+  DAVID HOHENSHELL.
+
+  Collins, Ill., March 6, 1881.
+
+
+  =All Alive.=—My bees are all alive and in fine condition.
+  They were wintered out of doors, in shed, packed around with
+  straw, but open to the east.
+
+  J. R. MEAD.
+
+  Wichita, Kas., March 7, 1881.
+
+
+  =Winter yet in Kentucky.=—Bees are wintering very badly here,
+  and 2 of my neighbors have lost all they had. The ground is
+  covered with snow, and looks as much like winter as it did a
+  month ago.
+
+  A. E. FOSTER.
+
+  Covington, Ky., March 5, 1881.
+
+
+  =No Surplus nor Increase.=—This has been a hard winter on the
+  bees. I think all that were not protected and those partially
+  protected will die. There was no surplus nor increase here
+  worth mentioning, last summer.
+
+  JAMES NIPE.
+
+  Spring Prairie, Wis., Feb. 26, 1881.
+
+
+  =Great Loss of Bees.=—The bees in McDonough county that were
+  wintered on the summer stands are nearly all dead. Those in
+  double-walled hives, and those packed in straw, dying the
+  same as those in single-walled hives. My loss is about 95 out
+  of 100.
+
+  S. H. BLACK.
+
+  Sciota, Ill., March 5, 1881.
+
+  =Bees in Prime Condition.=—I have 110 colonies in the cellar
+  in prime condition. Nearly all bees out-doors are dead.
+
+  C. H. DIBBERN.
+
+  Milan, Ill., Mar. 9, 1881.
+
+
+  =Paris Green.=—It is not very good for bees, as I had an
+  opportunity last spring to find out. I have in my garden a 10
+  year old plum tree that never perfected any fruit and knowing
+  that Paris green would kill bugs I thought it might also kill
+  the “little turk,” or Curculio. Acting upon the suggestion I
+  mixed some Paris green in a watering can and put up through
+  the branches of the tree a long ladder, from the top of which
+  I sprinkled the whole top of the tree just before dark, and a
+  day or 2 before the bloom went off. Next day afternoon as I
+  was passing through my bee yard I was very much surprised to
+  see on the ground a good many bees in a dying condition which
+  I could not account for. I came at last, however, to the
+  conclusion that they had gone to the plum tree in the morning
+  before it was dry and partaken of the poison. I lost a good
+  many bees but I have learned this lesson, “never to put Paris
+  green on trees when in bloom;” still I am satisfied that by
+  sprinkling or syringing 2 or 3 times, when the plum is in its
+  incipient state, it will insure a crop. Who will try this
+  spring and report?
+
+  GEO. THOMPSON.
+
+  Geneva, Ill.
+
+
+  =Making Progress.=—Although behind some other States, yet we
+  have made some progress. Bees seem to do best in the newer
+  counties, where the timber has not been cut off. It might
+  be supposed that the northern portion of this State was not
+  favorable for bees, but Aroostook county, in the extreme
+  north, produces nearly as much honey as all the other 15
+  counties, and the honey is put up in the most marketable
+  shape; but I fear the bees are not protected as they should
+  be in this northern climate. We have had a cold winter, and
+  the loss has been very great. I winter my bees in the cellar
+  with success, and obtain much pleasure, as well as profit,
+  from the time I devote to them. The Weekly BEE JOURNAL is my
+  constant companion.
+
+  ISAAC F. PLUMMER.
+
+  Augusta, Maine.
+
+
+  =Not Discouraged.=—Should I be persuaded to give up the
+  business of keeping bees for profit, I do not know what I
+  could find that would pay better. I have 25 colonies in good
+  condition and every one in this town wants honey, and I shall
+  try to supply it to them.
+
+  CHARLES FOLLETT.
+
+  Osage, Iowa.
+
+
+  =Lost but 4 out of 273.=—My bees are wintering well; I have
+  lost but 4 out of 273 colonies, wintered on the summer
+  stands, packed with sawdust and planer shavings. It has paid
+  me to advertise in the Weekly BEE JOURNAL. I have all the
+  work I can do.
+
+  A. E. MANUM.
+
+  Bristol, Vt., March 9, 1881.
+
+
+  =Dead Bees in the Cells.=—I took 6 combs out of 2 hives
+  in which the bees died, that had plenty of honey in the 2
+  outside frames. In every cell of the 3 middle frames is a
+  dead bee. I tried to pick them out with a pin, but gave it up
+  for a bad job. Is there a way to clean them? Can I use the
+  combs again next spring? Please let me know in next JOURNAL.
+
+  JOHN W. STURWOLD.
+
+  Haymond, Ind., March 11, 1881.
+
+[You will find our method given in answer to Mr. Phillips, page 86 of
+this number. The combs can be used again this spring.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Progressing.=—My bees are getting along well. I have lost
+  3 weak colonies that were left unprotected; but it was my
+  own fault. A hive peddler was in this section this winter
+  selling hives without frames. I showed him my hives, similar
+  to the Langstroth, and he took the measure of it, and said I
+  was “well fixed” for bee-keeping. He never said a word about
+  selling his hive to me. I do not know how many he sold.
+
+  JOHN BOERSTLER.
+
+  Gilead, Ill., Feb. 26, 1881.
+
+  =Moldy Combs, Etc.=—Having lost a few colonies of bees the
+  past winter, I wish to make the best use of the combs left,
+  as they are mostly new. Some are moldy, what shall I do with
+  them? Some of the cells are full of dead bees, how shall
+  I get them out? How can I keep the moths out of the combs
+  until I can use them? An answer to these questions through
+  the Weekly, at an early day, will no doubt benefit many new
+  beginners.
+
+  O. PHILLIPS.
+
+  Emporia, Kans., March 2, 1881.
+
+[When your colonies are strong in the spring, give the moldy combs;
+they will soon utilize them, if not given too fast. The combs with
+dead bees should be kept in a dry place, and after the bees have
+become dried and shrunken, you can easily shake them out of the cells.
+If moths get in the combs, treat them in the manner suggested by Mr.
+Doolittle, page 74, BEE JOURNAL of March 9th. One pound of sulphur,
+however, to each 100 cubic feet, seems a large amount; this would
+require 10 lbs. for a room 10 feet square. We have had no experience
+in sulphuring combs, but think 1 lb. would be sufficient for 1,000
+cubic feet, in a close room.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Palestine Bees.=—We are having a hard winter on bees: they
+  have not had a fly since last Oct. 28. Bees that were here
+  kept in old-style boxes are nearly all dead, many that were
+  packed in chaff are dead or have the dysentery, and are
+  flying out on our coldest days, and of course never return.
+  My bees that are in chaff tenement hives are in the best
+  condition of any I have seen. My Palestine bees are standing
+  the lonely confinement in the hives better than the Italians;
+  they are quieter, and do not fly out so much and get lost on
+  the snow. I much like the Weekly BEE JOURNAL, and when I got
+  the JOURNAL of Feb. 2d out of the office I felt like grasping
+  the hand of the Editor, and having a shake, but alas it was
+  not flesh and blood, but a very good likeness. Many thanks
+  for giving us a chance to view it.
+
+  I. R. GOOD.
+
+  Napanee, Ind., Feb. 2, 1881.
+
+
+  =Honey as Medicine.=—I wish to compile for publication an
+  exhibit of the medicinal qualities of the various kinds of
+  honey, and I shall be obliged for any facts sent me on the
+  subject. Chaff-packing seems to be ahead here this winter,
+  but I notice a great difference in the wintering capacity
+  of several colonies. All of mine which were devoted to the
+  production of honey are doing well, but I have lost by
+  excessive early breeding, and some that were used to rear
+  queens. They had no flight for 4 months.
+
+  T. L. VON DORN.
+
+  S Ave., Omaha, Neb., March 9, 1881.
+
+
+  =Gathering Pollen.=—Last season proved a splendid one for
+  bees. Each colony averaged 72 lbs. of surplus sweet honey,
+  and from 20 to 40 lbs. of bitter. My bees are blacks, and
+  to-day are out gathering pollen and some honey.
+
+  E. P. MASSEY.
+
+  Waco, Texas., March 1, 1881.
+
+
+  =Anxious for Spring.=—The Monthly was good, but a more
+  frequent visitor, in the shape of the Weekly, is better.
+  It brings fresh news, ready for use. I spent an hour in my
+  cellar, last evening, examining my bees. I was heart-sick at
+  the condition in which I found them. I had about 40 colonies
+  in the fall; at least one-half of them are dead. I have an
+  excellent cellar, especially for my bees, and have not lost
+  a colony before for 5 or 6 years. I began to think that
+  losing bees in winter was an unnecessary thing, but I see
+  that I was mistaken, for my bees did not lack for care in any
+  particular. The death of mine is from dysentery. The small
+  amount of honey collected in this vicinity last year was a
+  very poor quality, as is seen from the fact that it has not
+  candied during the winter. I extracted about 300lbs, and put
+  it away in glass jars, and it looks like so much New Orleans
+  molasses. My friend, Mr. Bischoff, had about 40 colonies in
+  the fall; all are now dead but 6. They were left on their
+  summer stands. Mr. B. is lonesome and wants my bees put in
+  his apiary next summer to keep him company, but it remains
+  yet to be seen if I will have any left to keep up a humming
+  in my own apiary. I met Mr. Gardener, of this city, the other
+  day, and he reports all of his 16 colonies dead. Several
+  other bee-men have told me that but few, if any, of their
+  bees are alive. Winter still holds on with an iron grasp. Our
+  bees so much need a cleansing flight. I am anxiously waiting
+  for some warm days.
+
+  I. P. WILSON.
+
+  Burlington, Iowa, March 4, 1881.
+
+
+  =Died of Disease.=—I have lost about all the bees I had, yet
+  I love to hear of others' success in the bee business, and
+  read of others' way of management; but I am convinced that my
+  bees died of some disease, the same as Mr. Carver reported
+  from Greencastle, Indiana, although bees have not died so
+  universally throughout this country as mine have. I have the
+  hives and combs left, with lots of honey in them; these I can
+  sell for something, perhaps, or melt them into wax, or get
+  a few colonies of bees to begin anew, but it is very poor
+  encouragement to put much stock in bees, the way it looks now.
+
+  D. W. FLETCHER.
+
+  Lansingville, N. Y., Mar. 4, 1881.
+
+
+  =Cyprians Ahead.=—Bees doing well; they are commencing to
+  work on plum-bloom; they have brood in all stages. In an
+  average of over 30 colonies of Cyprians, they are farther
+  ahead in brood-rearing than the Italians. The latter have had
+  the same chance as the former. Am very busy now, preparing
+  for queen-rearing.
+
+  J. H. P. BROWN.
+
+  Augusta, Ga., March 2, 1881.
+
+
+  =An Early Season.=—I see from reports in our new Weekly
+  JOURNAL that bees are dying throughout the north and west
+  more than usual, from short stores and intense cold. I may
+  say that we have had an unprecedented cold winter here, the
+  thermometer at one time ranged, for a few hours, as low as
+  18° above zero, but soon struggled back to about 2∙5° below.
+  Last fall our bees gathered a full supply of fall honey, and
+  none will die from cold or starve out that are worth saving.
+  The winter being wet, white clover is coming out very thick
+  over the ground; maple, elm, plum and wild cherry are now in
+  bloom, as well as heads of white clover that are pushing out
+  their lovely forms to the genial sun. Bees usually work on
+  white clover here by the 10th of this month; but this year
+  our honey season will be much later. May the “new departure”
+  prosper and lead us forward to perfection.
+
+  J. W. WINDER.
+
+  Thibodaux, La., Feb. 10, 1881.
+
+[Mr. Winder enclosed us some white clover blossoms of this year's
+growth. The sight of the modest flowers is refreshing, while from our
+office windows the earth looks bleak and gloomy with its deep mantle
+of snow.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Gone back on him.=—I had 30 colonies of bees—most of them
+  Italians—last fall, in Langstroth hives, packed in this way:
+  The ends of my hives are double-walled, and the sides are
+  made double in winter by the use of division boards, in place
+  of 2 frames, leaving but 8 frames. I then use a crate made of
+  laths, which sets down around the hive so is to leave a space
+  of about 8 inches for packing between it and the hive on the
+  sides and back end. This space I fill with a packing of fine
+  straw and leaves mixed, and packed hard when just a little
+  damp. Then strips of board are fitted so as to protect the
+  top of the straw from rain or snow; next a blanket over the
+  frames and 6 inches of chaff over that, protected by the cap,
+  in which are openings, so as to give free circulation of air
+  above the chaff. The entrance is kept open enough for a good
+  supply of air. In this way I have heretofore had good success
+  in wintering on summer stands; but this winter it has gone
+  back on me. Until last Saturday, the 5th inst., there has
+  been no day warm enough for bees to fly for some months. Many
+  did come out, even on the coldest days, but of course could
+  live but a few moments out of the hive. I let them entirely
+  alone, except to see that the entrances were free, until day
+  before yesterday, when it was warm enough for bees to fly. I
+  looked them over and found only twelve of them alive; only 4
+  of these are in good condition, the others are weak and the
+  hives a good deal soiled. Now, what puzzles me is this. They
+  were all, apparently, very nearly alike last October, and now
+  4 of them are in perfect condition while all the others were
+  bad. Now, why the four exceptions out of 30? I am glad for
+  them, but would like to understand the reason. Can you tell
+  us, Mr. Editor? They have evidently not been cold, and have
+  had plenty of honey. In the dead ones I have examined I find
+  brood in a hatching state, with half or more of the cells
+  empty, indicating that young bees had hatched. I attribute
+  the disaster to long confinement, but why the 4 exceptions?
+  I say amen to all the compliments you publish from your
+  subscribers for the BEE JOURNAL.
+
+  D. K. BOUTELLE.
+
+  Lake City, Minn., March 7, 1881.
+
+[Probably during some of the milder days of winter the bees became
+scattered in their hives, the weather suddenly changed, and they
+perished before they could form their cluster on honey, and thus
+starved.—ED.]
+
+
+  =From Florida.=—The BEE JOURNAL is at hand; we do not know
+  how we could do without it. The past has been a very good
+  honey season here. We have 255 colonies of bees in Langstroth
+  hives. Some are Italians—we like them as honey-gatherers,
+  but they are crosser than our natives. We obtained 850 gals.
+  honey, and 500 lbs. wax. The latter we obtained from about
+  90 hives which we transferred. We think apiculture will pay
+  here with good management. We extracted from one colony
+  32 Langstroth frames well filled with honey. Our apiary
+  is located on a “gum” swamp, 5 or 6 miles wide and 15 or
+  20 miles long, which is our main honey source, and blooms
+  from April 15 till May 15; we also have many other honey
+  producing flowers. We have a vine which grows in the swamps
+  and yields a great deal of amber-colored honey. We inclose a
+  sprig—please give the name.
+
+  ALDERMAN & ROBERTS.
+
+  Wewahitchka, Fla.
+
+[The vine you send is commonly known as snow vine, and is quite
+abundant in several of the Southern States.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Bee Feeding.=—I have thus far used the “bag feeder,” of
+  our friend Prof. Cook, with this addition: I have a long
+  tin tube, shaped like the handle to a water-dipper, long
+  enough to reach through the bag of chaff and empty into
+  the bag; then, with the aid of a funnel, I can daily place
+  the warm food within reach of the bees without disturbing
+  them or letting out the heat—so precious in early spring
+  to a depleted colony. Have never tried the Professor's
+  “Perfection”—thought I saw objections to it. If any of our
+  more experienced bee-keepers have devised a “better way,”
+  please tell me through “our” JOURNAL.
+
+  E. M. R.
+
+  Flint, Mich., March 4, 1881.
+
+
+  =Introduced a Queen.=—Bad luck to bees in this valley of the
+  Ohio. Of 32 colonies in Langstroth hives, 18 now remain, and
+  the 4th day of March a perfect “blizzard” all day, so I fear
+  I will lose more from spring dwindling. I found, one day in
+  February, all the bees dead but two, and the queen nearly
+  gone, in one hive, but plenty of honey. I had a queenless
+  colony, and laid these 3 bees on the frames to see if they
+  would come to life; they became warm and crept down among the
+  bees. The next warm spell I looked, and the yellow queen was
+  safe among the black bees. A novel way to introduce a queen
+  in February.
+
+  G. W. ASHBY.
+
+  Valley Station, Ky., March 5, 1881.
+
+  =Loss 88 per cent.=—The loss of bees in Wayne and Randolph
+  counties is heavy—about 88 per cent. Our bees had a fly Feb.
+  26th, the first for 111 days. We have reports from 1400
+  colonies (November count) and March 1st finds them all dead
+  but 171. The Italians have come through better than the
+  blacks. Those packed in chaff on summer stands have wintered
+  better than any other mode in this locality. There is a great
+  call for bees here by parties that are wanting to start
+  again. Our loss is 4 out of 15 colonies, all in chaff hives.
+
+  M. G. REYNOLDS.
+
+  Williamsburg, Ind., March 7, 1881.
+
+
+  =First Year's Experience.=—Bees done poorly here last season.
+  There was an abundance of bloom, but too much rain. I sowed
+  1 acre of buckwheat; while this lasted my bees stored more
+  honey than at any other time in the season; I think it an
+  excellent honey plant. Pumpkin blossoms yield considerable
+  honey; would it pay to plant them all over a field of corn?
+  My bees are packed in chaff, and they are all in good
+  condition at present. They have not had a flight since the
+  1st of Nov. Success to the Weekly BEE JOURNAL; I like it
+  better than the Monthly.
+
+  WM. HAGAN.
+
+  Holly, Mich., Jan. 18, 1881.
+
+[Pumpkin blossoms yield a rich, but strongly flavored honey; we think
+the pumpkins would be remunerative for their cultivation to feed to
+stock, and that the honey obtained from the blossoms would be a net
+profit.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Summer a long way off.=—This winter has been, so far, the
+  most severe known for many years in this part of the State.
+  Snow-storm has followed snow-storm, and cold spell has
+  followed cold spell, until now there is more snow on the
+  ground than we have had altogether for 6 or 7 years. And the
+  poor bees! how have they fared through all the snow and cold?
+  Badly, I fear from the reports I hear every few days; but so
+  far as heard from, where they were properly cared for, either
+  in cellar or on summer stands, they are doing quite well; but
+  summer is a long way off.
+
+  HARRY G. BURNET.
+
+  Blairstown, Iowa, March 5, 1881.
+
+
+  =A Little Discouraged.=—I am a little discouraged this
+  spring. I put 54 colonies into winter quarters last fall
+  and now have but 23, and some of them are weak. Those in
+  my bee-house suffered the worst. I had 20 colonies on the
+  summer stands, packed with cut straw, and lost 6 of them by
+  dysentery and starvation. If bees are strong in numbers and
+  have plenty of honey, I can see that there is no danger of
+  loss. Last season it was so dry here that the white clover
+  dried up, and the bees could get but little honey, and what
+  they did gather was very dark. I am glad to receive the BEE
+  JOURNAL weekly now; the news comes and seems so _fresh_. I
+  hope it will be well supported.
+
+  J. W. RIKIE.
+
+  Mont Clair, N. J., March 6, 1881.
+
+
+  =Why Did They Die?=—Last fall I put my bees into a dry
+  cellar; some of them had 75 lbs. of honey, and in 4 or 5
+  weeks there were many dead bees. I cleaned them up but in a
+  few weeks more they all died; what was the cause of this?
+  Over 80 per cent. of all the bees in this vicinity are dead.
+
+  R. L. HOLMAN.
+
+  Springfield, Ohio, Feb. 19, 1881.
+
+[Your colonies were strong, had a large quantity of honey, and the
+cellar was too warm; they commenced breeding, became uneasy, and left
+their hives from disquietude.—ED.]
+
+
+  =Wintered Without Loss.=—I packed 41 colonies and they
+  are now all living, and nearly all appear to be in good
+  condition. My bees are flying to-day. Many bee-keepers in
+  this country have lost heavily, and are much disheartened. I
+  hope to be able to make a good showing when I report again,
+  say about May 1.
+
+  J. J. ROE.
+
+  Buchanan, Mich., March 9, 1881.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  CONVENTION
+  NOTES
+]
+
+
+Champlain Valley, Vt., Convention.
+
+This Association held its winter meeting at Brandon, Vt., on Jan. 20,
+21, 1881. Pres. Crane in the chair. Col. H. H. Merritt gave an address
+of welcome, to which Pres. Crane replied, stating the object of the
+meeting and giving a brief narration of the ancient history of the
+honey bee, and of its improved management in the present age.
+
+Mr. A. E. Manum said success depended on the man and circumstances.
+The bee-keeper should be a person of even temperament—not easily
+excited—should be somewhat acquainted with botany; and recommended
+small section boxes, to hold not more than 2 lbs. Everything should
+be kept ready and in order. He gave an estimate of produce in a good
+season with Italian bees, and also a poor season like the past.
+
+Mr. O. C. Wait, of Georgia, said that experience had shown that
+bee-keeping was no mystery or sleight of hand, but a clear, plain,
+practical science. Bee-keepers were an intelligent, enterprising class
+of men; men of progress. No intelligent man would destroy his bees.
+
+After some discussion Mr. Manum exhibited some of his honey boxes, and
+explained their uses and advantages.
+
+Bees were advantageous in the orchard, and to the buckwheat crop, as
+he had satisfactorily demonstrated. Some doubts had been expressed to
+the value of the red clover blossom on account of the inability of the
+bee to reach the nectary; Italians have the advantage over black bees,
+because they are provided with greater length of proboscis.
+
+Pres. Crane said he had noticed bees working in red clover early and
+late in the season; bees will not work where they get no honey.
+
+In the evening, after a few preliminaries, Mr. E. A. Hasseltine read a
+sensible and witty poem on “Prospects and Retrospects,” which was well
+received by the audience.
+
+The talk on Sweets, by Prof. Seely, was a learned dissertation on the
+chemical properties and qualities of the various kinds of sweets that
+are offered in our markets. He exhibited over 20 different kinds of
+sugar; spoke of the various substances from which sugar was extracted,
+as trees, plants, roots and fruits; some specimens would solidify
+sooner than others; sugar from cane, corn, beets and maple, were all of
+the same chemical formation.
+
+J. E. Crane spoke on the Individuality of Bees; there was a marked
+difference in the character of colonies, some were industrious, others
+not so; some prefer some kinds of flowers, others reject them; Italians
+dislike buckwheat, while black bees work well on it. Every colony
+has some peculiar character. He showed several samples of honey from
+different flowers, and explained their various qualities, and also
+exhibited specimens of bees from the Holy Land.
+
+Dr. F. Bond said that the Creator had placed the sweets in flowers
+to attract the bee, to carry out nature's laws, by carrying the
+fertilizing pollen to the unfertile flower, and thus showing a wise and
+beneficent Providence.
+
+On Friday, Jan. 21, after some preliminary business, the following
+were elected officers for the ensuing year: President, J. E. Crane;
+Vice-Presidents, H. L. Leonard, E. P. Wolcott, E. A. Hasseltine;
+Secretary and Treasurer, Hon. T. Brookins.
+
+Mr. O. C. Wait spoke of the bad condition he found honey in the Boston
+market, and of the manner of awarding premiums at fairs.
+
+Mr. Manum remarked that it was important to have good queens, he
+advised all to raise their own; old queens were best to rear queens
+from, say 2 years old or more; it is best to rear queens in warm
+weather, when honey is plenty.
+
+The question “how to prevent bees from dwindling” Mr. Leonard answered
+thus: In this case as in all other ills to which bee-keepers are heir
+to, keep the colony strong and healthy. Mr. Leonard read an essay on
+“Bee-culture for Women,” giving instances of marked success. He said
+women in Vermont were as capable and had as good facilities as in any
+part of the country, and would succeed as well, if attended to.
+
+Adjourned to meet at Bristol, Vt., in May next.
+
+T. BROOKINS, _Sec._
+
+
+Local Convention Directory.
+
+  1881.      _Time and Place of Meeting._
+
+  April  2—S. W. Iowa, at Corning, Iowa.
+         5—Central Kentucky, at Winchester, Ky.
+               Wm. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.
+         7—Union Association, at Eminence, Ky.
+               E. Drane, Sec. pro tem., Eminence, Ky.
+         7—N. W. Ohio, at Delta, Ohio.
+        13—N. W. Missouri, at St. Joseph, Mo.
+               D. G. Parker, Pres., St. Joseph, Mo.
+    May  4—Tuscarawas and Muskingum Valley, at Cambridge,
+               Guernsey Co., O.
+                   J. A. Bucklew, Sec., Clarks, O.
+         5—Central Michigan, at Lansing, Mich.
+        10—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
+                 C. M. Bean, Sec., McGrawville, N. Y.
+        11—S. W. Wisconsin, at Darlington, Wis.
+                 N. E. France, Sec., Platteville, Wis.
+  Sept. — —National, at Lexington, Ky.
+        — —Kentucky State, at Louisville, Ky.
+   Oct. 18—Ky. State, in Exposition B'd'g, Louisville, Ky.
+                 W. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.
+
+☞ In order to have this Table complete, Secretaries are requested to
+forward full particulars of time and place of future meetings.—ED.
+
+
+
+
+CLUBBING LIST.
+
+
+We supply the Weekly =American Bee Journal= and any of the following
+periodicals, for 1881, at the prices quoted in the last column of
+figures. The first column gives the regular price of both:
+
+                                  _Publishers' Price._ _Club._
+
+  The Weekly Bee Journal (T. G. Newman)               $2 00
+  and Gleanings in Bee-Culture (A. I. Root)     3 00   2 75
+          Bee-Keepers' Magazine (A. J. King)    3 00   2 60
+          Bee-Keepers' Exchange (J. H. Nellis)  2 75   2 50
+            The 4 above-named papers            4 75   3 75
+          Bee-Keepers' Instructor (W. Thomas)   2 50   2 35
+          Bee-Keepers' Guide (A. G. Hill)       2 50   2 35
+            The 6 above-named papers            5 75   5 00
+          Prof. Cook's Manual (bound in cloth)  3 25   3 00
+          Bee-Culture (T. G. Newman)            2 40   2 25
+
+  For Semi-monthly Bee Journal, $1.00 less.
+  For Monthly Bee Journal, $1.50 less.
+
+
+
+
+Honey and Beeswax Market.
+
+BUYERS' QUOTATIONS.
+
+
+CHICAGO.
+
+HONEY.—The market is plentifully supplied with honey, and sales are
+slow at weak, easy prices. Quotable at 18@20c. for strictly choice
+white comb in 1 and 2 lb. boxes; at 14@16c. for fair to good in
+large packages, and at 10@12c. for common dark-colored and broken
+lots.—_Chicago Times._
+
+BEESWAX.—Choice yellow, 20@24c; dark, 15@17c.
+
+
+NEW YORK.
+
+HONEY.—Best white comb honey, small neat packages, 17@18c.; fair do.,
+15@16c.; dark do., 12@13c.; large boxes sell for about 2c. under above.
+White extracted, 9@10c.; dark, 7@8c.; southern strained, 80@85c.
+
+BEESWAX.—Prime quality, 20@23c.
+
+
+CINCINNATI.
+
+HONEY.—The market for extracted clover honey is very good, and in
+demand at 11c. for the best, and 8@9c. for basswood and dark honey.
+Comb honey is of slow sale at 16c. for the best.
+
+BEESWAX.—18@24c.
+
+  C. F. MUTH.
+
+
+SAN FRANCISCO.
+
+HONEY.—Extracted is in large supply for the season, and purchasers for
+round lots difficult to find, except at extremely low prices. We quote
+white comb, 12@15c.; dark to good, 10@11c. Extracted, choice to extra
+white, 6@6½c.; dark and candied, 5@5½c.
+
+BEESWAX.—21@22½c., as to color.
+
+  STEARNS & SMITH, 423 Front Street.
+
+  San Francisco, Cal., March 4, 1881.
+
+
+
+
+SPECIAL NOTICES.
+
+
+☞ Constitutions and By-Laws for local Associations $2 per 100. The name
+of the Association printed in the blanks for 50 cents extra.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ “What is the meaning of ‘Dec. 81’ after my name on the
+direction-label of my paper?” This question has been asked by several,
+and to save answering each one, let us here say: It means that you have
+paid for the full year, or until “Dec. 31, 1881.” “June 81” means that
+the first half of the year is paid for, up to “July 1st.” Any other
+month, the same.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ We will send sample copies to any who feel disposed to make up clubs
+for 1881. There are persons keeping bees in every neighborhood who
+would be benefited by reading the JOURNAL, and by using a little of the
+personal influence possessed by almost every one, a club can be gotten
+up in every neighborhood in America. Farmers have had large crops, high
+prices, and a good demand for all the products of the farm, therefore
+can well afford to add the BEE JOURNAL to their list of papers for 1881.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HUNDREDS OF MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN rescued from beds of pain, sickness
+and almost death and made strong and hearty by Parker's Ginger Tonic
+are the best evidences in the world of its sterling worth. You can find
+these in every community.—POST. See advertisement. 9w4t
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ When changing a post office address, mention the _old_ address as
+well as the new one.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ We have prepared Ribbon Badges for bee-keepers, on which are printed
+a large bee in gold. Price 10 cents each, or $8.00 per hundred.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ The Volume of the BEE JOURNAL for 1880, bound in stiff paper covers,
+will be sent by mail, for $1.50.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ Notices and advertisements intended for the Weekly BEE JOURNAL must
+reach this office by Friday of the week previous.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ Instead of sending silver money in letters, procure 1, 2 or 3 cent
+stamps. We can use them, and it is safer to send such than silver.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADIES WHO APPRECIATE ELEGANCE and purity are using Parker's Hair
+Balsam. It is the best article sold for restoring gray hair to its
+original color and beauty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ The date following the name on the wrapper label of this paper
+indicates the time to which you have paid. In making remittances,
+_always_ send by postal order, registered letter, or by draft on
+Chicago or New York. Drafts on other cities, and local checks, are not
+taken by the banks in this city except at a discount of 25c., to pay
+expense of collecting them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PREMIUMS.—For a club of 2, _weekly_ we will give a copy of
+“Bee-Culture;” for a club of 5, _weekly_, we will give a copy of
+“Cook's Manual,” bound in cloth; for a club of 6, we give a copy of the
+JOURNAL for a year _free_. Do not forget that it will pay to devote a
+few hours to the BEE JOURNAL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ Sample copies of the Weekly BEE JOURNAL will be sent _free_ to any
+names that may be sent in. Any one intending to get up a club can have
+sample copies sent to the persons they desire to interview, by sending
+the names to this office.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ Any one desiring to get a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws of
+the National Society, can do so by sending a stamp to this office to
+pay postage. If they desire to become members, a fee of $1.00 should
+accompany it, and the name will be duly recorded. This notice is given
+at the request of the Executive Committee.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ It would save us much trouble, if all would be particular to give
+their P.O. address and name, when writing to this office. We have
+several letters (some inclosing money) that have no name. Many others
+having no Postoffice, County or State. Also, if you live near one post
+office and get your mail at another, be sure to give the address we
+have on our list.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ At the Chicago meeting of the National Society we were requested to
+get photographs of the leading apiarists, to sell to those who wanted
+them. We can now supply the following at 25 cents each: Dzierzon, the
+Baron of Berlepsch, and Langstroth. The likeness of Mr. Langstroth we
+have copied, is one furnished by his daughter, who says, “it is the
+only one ever taken when he was in good health and spirits.” We are
+glad to be able to secure one of such a satisfactory nature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+☞ We have filled orders for quite a number of Binders for the Weekly
+BEE JOURNAL. We put the price low, 30 per cent. less than any one else
+could afford to sell them, for we get them by the quantity at wholesale
+and sell them at just enough to cover the cost and postage, the latter
+being 21 to 23 cents, on each. We do this to induce as many as possible
+to get them, and preserve their Weekly numbers. They are exceedingly
+convenient; the JOURNAL being always bound and handy for reference. The
+directions for binding are sent with each one.
+
+
+
+
+Books for Bee-Keepers.
+
+
+=Cook's Manual of the Apiary.=—Entirely rewritten, greatly enlarged
+and elegantly illustrated, and is fully up with the times on every
+conceivable subject that interests the apiarist. It is not only
+instructive, but intensely interesting and thoroughly practical. The
+book is a masterly production, and one that no bee-keeper, however
+limited his means, can afford to do without. Cloth, =$1.25=; paper
+covers, =$1.00=, postpaid. Per dozen, by express, cloth, $12.; paper,
+$9.50.
+
+=Quinby's New Bee-Keeping=, by L. C. Root.—The author has treated the
+subject of bee-keeping in a manner that cannot fall to interest all.
+Its style is plain and forcible, making all its readers sensible of
+the fact that the author is really the master of the subject. Price,
+=$1.50=.
+
+=Novice's A B C of Bee-Culture=, by A. I. Root.— This embraces
+“everything pertaining to the care of the honey-bee,” and is valuable
+to beginners and those more advanced. Cloth, =$1.25=; paper, =$1.00=.
+
+=King's Bee-Keepers' Text-Book=, by A. J. King.—This edition is
+revised and brought down to the present time. Cloth, =$1.00=; paper,
+=75c.=
+
+=Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee.= This is a standard scientific
+work. Price, =$2.00=.
+
+=Blessed Bees=, by John Allen.—A romance of bee-keeping, full of
+practical information and contagious enthusiasm. Cloth, =$1.00=.
+
+=Bee-Culture; or Successful Management of the Apiary=, by Thomas G.
+Newman.—This pamphlet embraces the following subjects: The Location
+of the Apiary—Honey Plants—Queen Rearing—Feeding—Swarming—Dividing—
+Transferring—Italianizing—Introducing Queens—Extracting—Quieting and
+Handling Bees—The Newest Method of Preparing Honey for Market, etc. It
+is published in =English= and =German=. Price for either edition, =40
+cents=, postpaid, or $3.00 per dozen.
+
+=Food Adulteration=; What we eat and should not eat. This book should
+be in every family, where it ought to create a sentiment against the
+adulteration of food products, and demand a law to protect consumers
+against the many health-destroying adulterations offered as food. 200
+pages. Paper, =50c.=
+
+=The Dzierzon Theory=;—presents the fundamental principles of
+bee-culture, and furnishes a condensed statement of the facts and
+arguments by which they are demonstrated. Price, =15 cents=.
+
+=Honey, as Food and Medicine=, by Thomas G. Newman.—This is a pamphlet
+of 24 pages, discoursing upon the Ancient History of Bees and Honey;
+the nature, quality, sources, and preparation of Honey for the Market;
+Honey as an article of food, giving recipes for making Honey Cakes,
+Cookies, Puddings, Foam, Wines, &c.; and Honey as Medicine, followed
+by many useful Recipes. It is intended for consumers, and should
+be scattered by thousands all over the country, and thus assist in
+creating a demand for honey. Published in =English= and =German=. Price
+for either edition, =6c.=; per dozen, =5Oc.=
+
+=Wintering Bees.=—This pamphlet contains all the Prize Essays on this
+important subject that were read before the Centennial Bee-Keepers'
+Association. The Prize—$25 in gold—was awarded to Prof. Cook's Essay,
+which is given in full. Price, =10c.=
+
+=Bees and their Management.= This pamphlet was issued by the Italian
+Bee Company, and has had a large circulation. The price has been
+reduced from 20 cents to =10 cents=.
+
+=The Hive I Use=.—Being a description of the hive used by G. M.
+Doolittle. Price, =5c.=
+
+=Kendall's Horse Book.=—No book can be more useful to horse owners. It
+has 35 engravings, illustrating positions of sick horses, and treats
+all diseases in a plain and comprehensive manner. It has a large number
+of good recipes, a table of doses, and much other valuable horse
+information. Paper, =25c.=
+
+=Chicken Cholera=, by A. J. Hill.—A treatise on its cause, symptoms
+and cure. Price, =25c.=
+
+=Moore's Universal Assistant= contains information on every conceivable
+subject, as well as receipts for almost everything that could be
+desired. We doubt if any one could be induced to do without it, after
+having spent a few hours in looking it through. It contains 480 pages,
+and 500 engravings. Cloth, =$2.50=.
+
+=Ropp's Easy Calculator.=—These are handy tables for all kinds of
+merchandise and interest. It is really a lightning calculator, nicely
+bound, with slate and pocket for papers. In cloth, =$1.00=; Morocco,
+=$1.50=. Cheap edition, without slate, =50c.=
+
+☞ Sent by mail on receipt of price, by
+
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  974 West Madison Street, =Chicago, Ill.=
+
+
+
+
+Binders for the Bee Journal
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  EMERSON'S           FOR MUSIC &
+  PAT. BINDER         PERIODICALS
+]
+
+☞ =Binders for the Weekly Bee Journal, of 1881=, cloth and paper,
+=postpaid, 85 cents=.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We can furnish Emerson's Binders, gilt lettered on the back, for
+AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL for =1890=, at the following prices, postage paid:
+
+  Cloth and paper, each      50c.
+  Leather and cloth          75c.
+
+☞ We can also furnish the Binder for any Paper or Magazine desired.
+
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  974 West Madison Street, =Chicago, Ill.=
+
+
+=HONEY WANTED.=—I desire to purchase several barrels of dark extracted
+honey, and a few of light; also, Comb Honey. Those having any for sale
+are invited to correspond, giving particulars.
+
+  ALFRED H. NEWMAN,
+  972 West Madison street, CHICAGO ILL.
+
+
+THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL, AND BEE-KEEPER'S ADVISER.
+
+The _British Bee Journal_ is published monthly at $1.75, and contains
+the best practical information for the time being, showing what to do,
+and when and how to do it. =C. N. ABBOTT=, Bee Master.
+
+School of Apiculture, Fairlawn, Southall, London.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  OLDEST BEE PAPER                                     ESTABLISHED
+  IN AMERICA                                           IN 1861
+
+  THE AMERICAN
+  BEE JOURNAL
+]
+
+
+RATES FOR ADVERTISING.
+
+A line will contain about =eight words=; fourteen lines will occupy one
+inch of space.
+
+  One to three weeks, each insertion, =20= cts. per line.
+  Four        "  or more "     "      =18=  "       "
+  Eight       "     "    "     "      =15=  "       "
+  Thirteen    "     "    "     "      =12=  "       "
+  Twenty-six  "     "    "     "      =10=  "       "
+  Fifty-two   "     "    "     "       =8=  "       "
+          Special Notices, 50 cents per line.
+
+Advertisements withdrawn before the expiration of the contract, will be
+charged the full rate for the time the advertisement is inserted.
+
+Transient Advertisements payable in advance.—Yearly Contracts payable
+quarterly, in advance.
+
+THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL is the oldest Bee Paper in America, and has
+a large circulation in every State, Territory and Province, among
+farmers, mechanics, professional and business men, and is therefore
+the best advertising medium for reliable dealers. Cases of _real_
+imposition will be exposed.
+
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  974 West Madison Street, =Chicago, Ill.=
+
+
+
+
+Contents of this Number.
+
+
+  Correspondence:
+
+  Pure Liquid Honey in  Glass Jars      81
+  Colchian Honey                        81
+  Combined Winter and Summer Stands     81
+  Foul Brood and Its Causes             81
+  History of the Early Importation
+    of Italian Bees                     82
+  Good Way to Promote Bee-Keeping       82
+  Do Bees Injure Fruit?                 82
+  Remarkable Tardiness in Fecundity     82
+  Honey-Producing in California         83
+  Bee Men to the Front—Adulteration     83
+  How to Prevent Robbing                83
+  The In-and-In-Breeding of Bees        83
+  Killed by Kindness                    83
+
+
+  Editorial:
+
+  Editorial Items                       84
+  Watchman! Tell us of the Night        84
+  Migratory Bee-Keeping                 84
+  Interesting Letter from Ceylon        84
+
+
+  Selections from Our Letter Box:
+
+  Bees Wintered Well                    85
+  Mortality Reports                     85
+  Nineteen Weeks' Confinement           85
+  Wintered Safely                       85
+  A Slim Living                         85
+  Honey Sections                        85
+  Bees in Good Condition                85
+  Wintered Without Loss                 85
+  Mourning for the Bees                 85
+  Wintering                             85
+  Selling Honey, Vexatious              85
+  Prospects Better                      85
+  Bees All Alive                        85
+  Winter Yet in Kentucky                85
+  No Surplus nor Increase               85
+  Great Loss of Bees                    85
+  Dead Bees in the Cells                85
+  Making Progress                       85
+  Not Discouraged                       85
+  Paris Green                           85
+  Bees in Prime Condition               85
+  Progressing                           85
+  Lost but 4 out of 283                 85
+  Moldy Combs, etc                      86
+  Palestine Bees                        86
+  Honey as Medicine                     86
+  Gathering Pollen                      86
+  Anxious for Spring                    86
+  Bees Died of Disease                  86
+  Cyprian Bees Ahead                    86
+  An Early Season                       86
+  Bees Gone Back on Him                 86
+  Snow Vine as a Honey Plant            86
+  Feeding Bees                          86
+  Introducing a Queen                   86
+  Loss of Bees 88 per cent.             86
+  First Year's Experience               86
+  Summer a Long Way Off                 86
+  A Little Discouraged                  86
+  Why Did the Bees Die?                 86
+  Wintered Without Loss                 86
+
+
+  Conventions:
+
+  Champlain Valley, Vt., Convention     87
+
+
+
+
+  15 One-Cent Stamps
+
+  Will pay for our exhaustive pamphlet on raising,
+  handling and marketing extracted honey.
+
+  =COLONIES
+  WITH
+  Imported Cyprian and Italian Queens=,
+  Of our own Importation,
+  GUARANTEED PURE AND GENUINE.
+
+Our =Comb Foundation= was awarded the diploma at the North-Eastern
+Bee-Keepers' Convention held in February.
+
+
+Smokers, Knives, Extractors, &c.
+
+Price List, with 3 samples of Comb Foundation, free.
+
+  CHAS. DADANT & SON,
+
+  9smtf        Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill.
+
+
+THE CANADIAN FARMER
+
+THE ONLY
+
+Agricultural Weekly
+
+PUBLISHED IN THE
+
+DOMINION OF CANADA.
+
+
+This practical journal is now in its =Third Year=, and meeting with
+immense success. The low price of its subscription ($1.00 per year) in
+its new and improved form (16 pages 13½ x 10½, folded and pasted)
+makes it very popular. Its editors are all practical men. It is the
+=Best Advertising Medium= in Canada. Sample copies sent free to any
+address.
+
+  11w26tx      =N. B. COLCOCK=, Welland, Ont.
+
+
+  FRANCES DUNHAM,
+  Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the
+  DUNHAM
+  FOUNDATION
+  MACHINE,
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  DUNHAM
+  FOUNDATION
+  MACHINE
+
+  PATENT APPLIED FOR
+]
+
+  AND DUNHAM
+  COMB FOUNDATION,
+
+  ☞ New Circular and Samples free. ☜
+
+  FRANCES DUNHAM,
+  1sm6m   DEPERE, BROWN CO., WIS.
+
+
+FLAT-BOTTOM COMB FOUNDATION,
+
+high side-walls, 4 to 16 square feet to the pound. Circular and samples
+free.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+  J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,
+  Sole Manufacturers,
+  11tf   Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N. Y.
+
+
+=BASSWOOD AND TULIP TREES=, from 1 to 8 feet in height, nursery grown.
+The 2 best HONEY PRODUCING TREES KNOWN, at low prices.
+
+  10w4t   A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa.
+
+
+BARNES' PATENT
+
+Foot-Power Machinery
+
+  CIRCULAR and
+  SCROLL SAWS
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Hand, Circular Rip Saws for general heavy and light ripping. Lathes,
+&c. These machines are especially adapted to =Hive Making=. It will pay
+every bee-keeper to send for our 48 page Illustrated Catalogue.
+
+  W. F. & JOHN BARNES
+
+  Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill.
+
+
+Given's Foundation Press.
+
+The latest improvement in Foundation. Our thin and common Foundation
+is not surpassed. The only invention to make Foundation in the wired
+frame. All Presses warranted to give satisfaction. Send for Catalogue
+and Samples.
+
+  1wly      =D. S. GIVEN=, Hoopeston, Ill.
+
+
+Be SURE
+
+To send a postal card for our Illustrated Catalogue of Apiarian
+Supplies before purchasing elsewhere. It contains illustrations and
+descriptions of everything new and valuable needed in an apiary, at the
+lowest prices. Italian, Cyprian and Holy Land Queens and Bees.
+
+  J. C. & H. P. SAYLES,
+
+  2eow15t      Hartford, Wis.
+
+
+[Illustration: WILBOR'S COMPOUND OF
+
+PURE COD LIVER OIL AND LIME.]
+
+=Wilbor's Cod-Liver Oil and Lime.=—Persons who have been taking
+Cod-Liver Oil will be pleased to learn that Dr. Wilbor has succeeded,
+from directions of several Professional gentlemen, in combining the
+pure Oil and Lime in such a manner that it is pleasant to the taste,
+and its effects in Lung complaints are truly wonderful. Very many
+persons whose cases were pronounced hopeless, and who had taken the
+clear Oil for a long time without marked effect, have been entirely
+cured by using this preparation. Be sure and get the genuine.
+Manufactured only by A. B. WILBOR, Chemist, Boston. Sold by all
+druggists.
+
+  llw4t
+
+
+SEEDS FOR HONEY PLANTS
+
+A full variety of all kinds, including Melilot, Alsike and White
+Clover, Mammoth Mignonette, &c. For prices and instructions for
+planting see my Illustrated Catalogue,—sent free upon application.
+
+  ALFRED H. NEWMAN,
+  972 West Madison St.,      CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+FEEDERS
+
+Now is the time to make preparations for Spring Feeding.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Shuck's Feeder may be placed at the entrance of the hive, any time of
+the day, without danger from robbers; feed much or little as may be
+desired; feed can only be reached by the bees from the inside of the
+hive. Price, by mail, postpaid, 30 cents. By express, 25 cents each, or
+$2.40 per dozen. Special rates on large quantities.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Novice's Simplicity Feeder is made in two sizes, at the following
+prices: 5c. for the pint and 10c. for the quart feeder, or per dozen,
+50c. for the small and $1.00 for the large, by express. If sent by
+mail, twice the above prices.
+
+  Kretchmer's, by mail..... 35c.
+  Van Deusen's, by mail.... 75c.
+
+I will mail my Illustrated Catalogue and Price List FREE, upon
+application, to any address. All orders for Bee-Keepers' Supplies will
+be promptly filled.
+
+  ALFRED H. NEWMAN,
+  972 West Madison St.,      CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL
+
+Patented Jan. 9, 1878, and May, 1879; Re-issued July 9, 1878.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+If you buy a Bingham Smoker, or a Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife
+you are sure of the best and cheapest, and not liable to prosecution
+for their use and sale. The largest bee-keepers use them exclusively.
+Twenty thousand in use—not one ever returned, or letter of complaint
+received. Our original patent Smokers and Honey Knives were the only
+ones on exhibition at the last National Bee-Keepers' Convention, 1880.
+Time sifts the wheat from the chaff. Pretensions are short-lived.
+
+The Large and Extra Standard have extra wide shields to prevent burning
+the fingers and bellows. A real Improvement.
+
+Send postal card for testimonials.
+
+  Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife      2     in., $1 00
+  Large Bingham Smoker                    2½     "    1 50
+  Extra Standard Bingham Smoker           2      "    1 25
+  Plain Standard Bingham Smoker           2      "    1 00
+  Little Wonder Bingham Smoker            1¾     "      75
+
+If to be sent by mail, or singly by express, add 25c. each, to prepay
+postage or express charges.
+
+To sell again, apply for dozen or half-dozen rates.
+
+Address,
+
+  BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON,
+  9wtf      OTSEGO, MICH.
+
+
+FREE!
+
+We wish to obtain 25,000 New Subscribers to
+
+THE FLORAL MONTHLY
+
+during the next few months, and we propose to give to every reader of
+this paper
+
+50c. worth of Choice Flower Seed.
+
+Our offer is to send Free of Cost, 50 cents' worth of Choice Flower
+Seeds to each and every one who will send us 25 two cent postage stamps
+for the =FLORAL MONTHLY= one year. Seeds sent free by return mail.
+Specimen copies free. Address.
+
+  W. E. MORTON & CO., FLORISTS,
+  615 Congress Street, Portland, Me.
+
+☞ Natural Flowers preserved to last for years. 9w4t
+
+
+It will Pay you
+
+To read our forty page Catalogue of Apiarian Supplies. It gives the
+latest information about the best appliances and methods pertaining to
+
+Profitable Bee Culture
+
+Sent free to all who send us their names and addresses, _plainly
+written_, upon a postal card. Address
+
+  H. A. BURCH & CO.,
+  9wtf      South Haven, Mich.
+
+
+R. A. BURNETT.
+
+  Successor to Conner, Burnett & Co.,
+  165 South Water Street, Chicago, Ill.,
+
+GENERAL PRODUCE COMMISSION.
+
+HONEY A SPECIALTY.
+
+We ask you to correspond with us before disposing of your HONEY CROP,
+as we can be of much service, having constant intelligence from all
+parts of the country. We would refer to JAMES HEDDON, Dowagiac, Mich.,
+and J. OATMAN & SONS, Dundee, Ill.
+
+  1w1y
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  GOOD WORK
+  AT FAIR PRICES.
+
+  HALLOCK & CHANDLER
+  WOOD ENGRAVERS
+  & Electrotypers
+
+  167 DEARBORN ST.
+  CHICAGO
+]
+
+  1w1y
+
+
+  REV. A. SALISBURY.      =1881.=      J. V. CALDWELL.
+
+  SALISBURY & CALDWELL,
+  Camargo, Douglas County. Ill.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ Warranted Italian Queens, $1.00; Tested Italian Queens, $2.00;
+ Cyprian Queens, $2.00; Tested Cyprian Queens, $4.00; 1 frame Nucleus,
+ Italians, $4.00; 1 frame Nucleus, Cyprians, $5.00; Colony of Italians,
+ 8 frames, $5.00; Colony of Cyprians, 8 frames, $10.00. Wax worked 10c.
+ per lb. Pure Comb Foundation, on Dunham Machine, 25 lbs. or over, 35c.
+ per lb. ☞ Send for Circular.
+
+  1w1y
+
+
+Florida Land—640 Acres.
+
+☞CHEAP FOR CASH. ☜
+
+DESCRIPTION.—Sec. 4, township 7, south range 7 west, Franklin county,
+Florida, situated about 50 miles south of the Georgia line, 25 miles
+west of the city of Tallahassee, the capital of the State, and about 25
+miles northeast of the city of Apalachicola, a seaport on the Gulf of
+Mexico, and within 2 sections (5 and 6) of the Apalachicola river; the
+soil is a rich, sandy loam, covered with timber.
+
+It was conveyed on Dec. 31st, 1875, by Col. Alexander McDonald, who
+owned 6 sections, including the above, to J. M. Murphy, for $3,200, and
+on Sept. 5th, 1877, by him conveyed to the undersigned for $3,000. The
+title is perfect, and it is unincumbered, as shown by an abstract from
+the Records of the county, duly attested by the County Clerk; the taxes
+are all paid and the receipts are in my possession.
+
+I will sell the above at a bargain for cash, or trade for a small farm,
+or other desirable property. An offer for it is respectfully solicited.
+Address,
+
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+SUPPLIES FOR THE APIARY, FOR 1881.
+
+It is to every person's interest, when they wish to purchase anything,
+to go where they can get the most for their money. State on a postal
+card just what you want, and we will let you know by return mail what
+we will furnish it for. No Circulars. Address,
+
+2wtf         =HIRAM ROOP=, Carson City, Mich.
+
+
+=65= _ENGRAVINGS_.
+
+The Horse
+
+BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.
+
+=A TREATISE= giving an index of diseases, and the symptoms; cause and
+treatment of each, a table giving all the principal drugs used for the
+horse, with the ordinary dose, effects and antidote when a poison;
+a table with an engraving of the horse's teeth at different ages,
+with rules for telling the age of the horse; a valuable collection of
+recipes, and much valuable information.
+
+=Price 25 cents.=—Sent on receipt of price, by
+
+  THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
+  974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+PARKER'S GINGER TONIC
+
+=Ginger=, =Bucha=, =Mandrake=, =Stillingia= and many other of the best
+medicines known are combined so skillfully in PARKER'S GINGER TONIC
+as to make it the =greatest Blood Purifier= and the =Best Health and
+Strength Restorer ever used=.
+
+It cures =Dyspepsia=, =Rheumatism=, =Neuralgia=, =Sleeplessness=, and
+all diseases of the =Stomach=, =Bowels=, =Lungs=, =Liver=, =Kidneys=,
+=Urinary Organs= and all =Female Complaints=.
+
+If you are wasting away with Consumption or any disease, use the TONIC
+to-day. No matter what your symptoms may be, it will surely help you.
+
+Remember! This TONIC cures drunkenness, is the =Best Family Medicine=
+ever made, entirely different from Bitters, Ginger Preparations and
+other Tonics, and combines the best curative properties of all. Buy a
+50c. bottle off your druggist. None genuine without our signature on
+outside wrapper.
+
+  HISCOX & CO., Chemists, New York.
+
+
+  =PARKER'S HAIR BALSAM=      The best and most economical
+                            Hair Dressing
+
+
+=ITALIAN QUEENS.= Full Colonies, Nuclei and Bee Hives specialties. Our
+=new= Illustrated Catalogue of Bees, Supplies, Fine Poultry, Small
+Fruits, &c., =Free=. ☞ Send for it and save money.
+
+  J. T. SCOTT & BRO., Crawfish Springs, Ga.      2w82tx
+
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  THE AMERICAN
+  POULTRY JOURNAL.
+]
+
+Is a 32-page, beautifully Illustrated Monthly Magazine devoted to
+
+
+POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.
+
+It has the largest corps of practical breeders as editors of any
+journal of its class in America, and is
+
+
+THE FINEST POULTRY JOURNAL IN THE WORLD.
+
+Volume 12 begins January 1891. SUBSCRIPTION:—$1.00 per year. Specimen
+Copy, 10 cents.
+
+  C. J. WARD, Editor and Proprietor.
+  182 CLARK ST.,  -  CHICAGO.
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES.
+
+1. Colchian Honey.
+   REV. W. BALLENTINE, A. M.
+     This letter includes a quotation from Professor Wilson's botany.
+     The copy of this quotation contains many errors.
+     These are listed below and have been corrected in this eBook.
+       Apochynoceæ, should read Apocynaceæ.
+       dog-bones, should read dog's-bane.
+       astychine, should read strychnine.
+       strychinea, should read strychnia.
+       Strychorea, should read Strychnos.
+       Heroclea, should read Heraclea.
+       Æglatherem, should read Ægolethron.
+       Liculus, should read Siculus.
+       Tournefoil, should read Tournefort.
+       mischevous, should read mischievous.
+       Neriun, should read Nerium.
+       (apocyhnaceæ), should read Apocynaceæ.
+       Rhodaraceæ, should read Rhodoraceæ.
+       narctoic, should read narcotic.
+
+2. J. W. Winder.
+   Thibodaux, La., Feb. 10, 1881.
+     “as well as heads of white clover are
+     pushing out their lovely forms to the...”
+     The word ‘that’ has been added.
+     “as well as heads of white clover that are
+     pushing out their lovely forms to the...”
+
+3. From Florida.—The BEE JOURNAL
+     is at hand; we do not know how we could do without it.
+     The past [time-period missing. Year/Month/Season?] has been a
+     very good honey season here. Left as original.
+
+4. “Everything should be kept ready and in
+     order. He gave an estimate of produce in...”
+     Word ‘an’ inserted.
+
+5. “We can furnish Emerson's Binders, gilt lettered on
+     the back, for AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL for =1890=,...”.
+     This looks like an error. This issue is for March, 1881.
+     Left as original.
+
+6. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical
+     errors.
+
+7. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL ***
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll
+have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
+this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: The American Bee Journal
+       Volume XVII No. 11.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Thomas G. Newman
+
+Release Date: March 29, 2019 [EBook #59152]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Brian Wilsden and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
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+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Cover" /></div>
+
+<h1>
+THE AMERICAN<br />
+BEE JOURNAL
+</h1>
+
+<div class="center large">OLDEST BEE PAPER<br />
+IN AMERICA<br /><br />
+ESTABLISHED<br />
+IN 1861<br />
+
+DEVOTED TO SCIENTIFIC BEE-CULTURE AND THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF
+PURE HONEY.
+</div>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">VOL. XVII.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 16, 1881.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      No. 11.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN<br />
+BEE JOURNAL</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="center">ESTABLISHED<br />
+IN 1861<br />
+<br />
+
+OLDEST BEE PAPER<br />
+IN AMERICA
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Published every Wednesday, by<br />
+<span class="xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Editor and Proprietor,</span><br />
+<span class="large">974 WEST MADISON ST., CHICAGO, ILL.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><b>TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:</b></p>
+
+<div class="smaller">
+<p>WEEKLY&mdash;(52 numbers) <b>$2.00</b> a year, in advance.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Three or Six Months at the same rate.</p>
+
+<p>SEMI-MONTHLY&mdash;The first and third numbers of<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each month, at <b>$1.00</b> a year, in advance.</p>
+
+<p>MONTHLY&mdash;The first number of each month, at<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>50 cents</b> a year, in advance.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Any person sending a Club of six is entitled
+to an extra copy (like the club) which may be sent to
+any address desired. Sample copies furnished <em>free</em>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Remit by money-order, registered letter, express
+or bank draft on Chicago or New York, payable
+to our order. Such <em>only</em> are at our risk. Checks on
+local banks cost us 25 cents for collecting.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p class="center">Free of postage in the United States or Canada.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Postage to Europe 50 cents extra.</b></p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p class="center"><em>Entered at Chicago post office as second class matter.</em></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001b.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h2 class="nobreak">CORRESPONDENCE.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="center"><a name="Pure_Liquid_Honey" id="Pure_Liquid_Honey">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Pure Liquid Honey in Glass Jars.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">CHAS. DADANT.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>Under this heading I find an article
+from Mr. W. M. Hoge, who says that
+he has invented a way of preparing
+liquid honey so that it will not congeal.
+He adds that this discovery will be beneficial
+to bee-keepers, and he explains
+how we will profit by it. The tendency
+of honey to candy, for all the adulterators
+of honey, has proved to be a great
+impediment; while, for the producers,
+it is a good characteristic, for it is the
+best stamp that a bee-keeper can put on
+his product&mdash;a stamp that the adulterators
+are unable to counterfeit.</p>
+
+<p>Now that the consumers at large begin
+to give their preference to candied
+honey, the adulterators, seeing their
+sales decreasing, try to invent some
+means to stop this result, and incite us
+to help them to continue their fraudulent
+practice.</p>
+
+<p>Let us remember that the candying
+of honey is the best test of purity thus
+far; that, by preventing honey from
+candying, we lower it to the level of
+glucosed honey; and that, as long as
+liquid honey can be found on our markets,
+we will be compelled to compete
+with adulterated honey, for the profit of
+this adulteration will always tempt the
+unscrupulous dealers, while we will be
+unable to compete with them for the
+price.</p>
+
+<p>A few years ago we could find liquid
+honey, in glass jars, in every good grocery.
+Three years ago I produced, at
+the Western Illinois and Eastern Iowa
+Convention, held at Burlington, Iowa,
+one of these bottles, bought in St. Louis,
+labeled “Pure Extracted Honey, from
+John Long, New York.” Mr. Hoge,
+who resided in New York at that time,
+probably knows “John Long.” This
+“pure honey” was analyzed by an
+expert chemist and found mostly glucose.
+These jars and tumblers are now
+of slow sale, for the consumers begin to
+have confidence in candied honey. We
+are, therefore, in a fair way for selling
+our product. Let us go on, and turn
+the cold shoulder to the advice of those
+who have, so far, caused more prejudice
+than profit to bee-keepers.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hoge, who has visited the old
+continent, knows, as well as I do, that
+in Europe liquid honey is unsalable, for
+the consumers are accustomed to buying
+candied honey. Let us persist in
+our efforts to educate the people on this
+question, and we will drive all spurious
+honey from our markets.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Hamilton, Ill., Feb. 2, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Colchian_Honey" id="Colchian_Honey">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Colchian Honey.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">REV. W. BALLENTINE, A. M.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>I see in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, under the
+above caption, a question from Mr. H.
+G. Colwell, of Columbus, Ohio, relative
+to the effects of honey eaten by the
+Grecian troops, under Xenophon, as
+they passed through Colchia in their famous
+retreat homeward. In regard to
+this, you propose a query, “Why did
+the ancient Colchian honey cause the
+above disorder?” I have frequently
+had my attention turned to this subject
+in reading Xenophon's Anabasis in the
+original, from which the extract by Mr.
+Colwell is taken. From the best
+sources of information at my command,
+the following seems to be the most rational.</p>
+
+<p>The honey of Asia Minor in many localities
+appears to be gathered from the
+flowers of the order Apocynoceæ, or
+dog's-bane. Of this order, Prof. Wilson,
+in his botany, page 588, observes:
+“These plants possess active, and often
+suspicious qualities, residing in the
+white juice with which the order is pervaded,
+and in the seeds, which are often
+deadly poisons. The alkaloid <em>strychnine</em>,
+or <em>strychinea</em>, one of the most violent
+poisons, is the active principle of the
+Strychorea Nux-vomica, of India. It
+is sometimes administered as a medicine,
+but with doubtful success; a single
+seed of one species is sufficient to
+kill 20 persons. The order is generally
+emetic.”</p>
+
+<p>In corroboration of this, I will give
+you the opinion of the celebrated Ainsworth,
+who traveled over the route of
+the Grecians, and took notes of all the
+localities and incidents recorded by
+Xenophon. He observes that “this fact
+of the honey of Asia Minor being, in
+certain places, and at certain seasons, of
+a poisonous nature, was known to all
+antiquity, and is very common at the
+present day, so much so, that I have
+known the peasants to inquire if we
+would prefer the bitter or the sweet
+honey, for the honey so qualified has a
+slight, but not unpleasant, bitterness,
+and is preferred by many, from producing,
+when taken in moderate quantities,
+the effect of slight intoxication.
+Pliny notices two kinds of honey, one
+found at Heraclea, in Pontus, and another
+among the Sanni or Mocrones.
+The first he supposed to be produced by
+a plant called Ægolethron, or goatsbane;
+the second by a species of rhododendron.
+Dioscorides, Diodorus, Siculus
+and Aristotle, all notice the honey of
+Heraclea Pontica. The celebrated
+botanist, Tournefort, ascertained on the
+spot, that the honey of bees feeding on
+the Azalea Pontica, as also on the
+Rhododendron Ponticum, possessed
+mischievous properties; but as the bitter
+and intoxicating honey is found in
+many parts of Asia Minor, where these
+plants do not flower, it is extremely
+probable that these peculiar properties
+are further derived from the flower of
+the Nerium Oleander, or common rose-laurel,
+the leaves of which are known
+to be acrid and poisonous. The natural
+family to which the rose-laurel belongs
+(Apocynaceæ) is distinguished by plants
+endued with dangerous and fatal properties,
+and these act on the nerves so
+as to produce stupefaction. Rhodoraceæ
+also possesses narcotic properties,
+but in a less marked degree.”</p>
+
+<p>It appears from this, that the honey
+gathered by the bees from these poisonous
+plants, possessed some of the inherent
+qualities of the plants themselves,
+and operated like a narcotic or
+opiate on the nerves, producing stupefaction
+and intoxication. If you see
+proper you can give the above a place
+in the Weekly, with which I am, so far,
+very well pleased.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Sago, Ohio.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Combined_Winter_and_Summer_Stands" id="Combined_Winter_and_Summer_Stands">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Combined Summer and Winter Stand.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">H. L. PENFIELD.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>The engraving shows a perspective
+view of a combined winter and summer
+stand, which I put up to accommodate
+12 hives of the standard Langstroth
+pattern. It is constructed as follows:
+Put in the ground 9 oak posts 4 × 4 inches,
+for a frame to nail the 14 foot boards to&mdash;3
+posts on each side, and 3 between
+these, set in the ground 18 inches. The
+ends are 9 feet wide, which I find gives
+ample room to manipulate the bees between
+the rows of hives, the operator
+being in the shade, and not in front of
+the entrance of the bees, which seldom
+bother me. The sides front east and
+west. The ends are open during the
+summer, and the north end boarded up
+in winter. We use millet hay for protection,
+filling in spaces between the
+hives, and over and under them, almost
+filling up between the rows, clearing
+away enough in front of the entrance
+for the bees to take a flight when the
+weather permits.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i004.png" alt="" />
+<div class="caption">A, A&mdash;Ventilation and bee escape.<br />
+B&mdash;Space to work in and shaded.</div>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>This protection keeps them quiet, and
+storms beat on the shelter and on the
+millet hay. Of course, this is not a
+water-proof shelter or cover, and I do
+not think one is needed. It is advantageous
+to have an opening in the apex
+of the roof; this plan of having one
+roof higher than the other secures it
+with the least expense. It is curious to
+notice how the bees fly out of these
+spaces marked A, A (as both ends are
+open) while the operators manipulating
+the hives. Sixteen boards 14 feet long
+and 1 foot wide cover it, and with the 9
+posts and 4 2 × 4 studding to set the hives
+on, and short pieces to set on top of the
+posts to nail the roof to, complete the
+lumber bill.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Hunnewell, Mo.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Foul_Brood_and_Its_Causes" id="Foul_Brood_and_Its_Causes">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Foul Brood, and Its Causes.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">H. L. JEFFREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>You ask for my observations on foul
+brood regarding the cases noted in the
+<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>. There are many who,
+I know, will disagree with me, but nevertheless,
+it seemed to come from no
+other source. The largest case of it was
+25 colonies in one apiary. Ever since
+the year 1873 they had been wintered in
+the cellar, in a sort of room fitted up
+especially for them. They were usually
+put in about Nov. 25, and taken out
+about April 1st to the 20th, according to
+the season. This receptacle was directly
+under the living room, which was kept
+very warm. The bee-room was generally
+quite dry, and towards spring would
+stand from 45° to 50°, which would let
+the bees have from 60° to 80° in the
+hive, or perhaps 90°, causing the cluster
+to spread, and there was always a good
+supply of brood in the combs when taken
+from the cellar, and generally a considerable
+number of young hatched bees.
+So far everything was as good as could
+be asked for, and every good bee-keeper
+will say this could not have anything to
+do with foul brood; perhaps not.</p>
+
+<p>These same hives, with more space
+and more surface of comb than a 10
+frame Langstroth hive gives, were put
+into the cellar with all their combs in
+place, with a box 6 inches deep below
+the hive, and another above filled with
+straw, or with a top story filled with
+rags, old clothes and pieces of carpet or
+straw. The full complement of combs
+was left in the hives, regardless of the
+strength of the colonies, and they were
+then set on their summer stands without
+using division boards, or any contraction
+of combs. After setting out
+they were generally fed liberally every
+night to induce breeding, which is a
+good plan if properly handled, but in
+this case it helped to breed the disease,
+and it did do it to the fullest extent.
+Why? First, a small colony should not
+be given any more combs than it can
+cover, either in summer or winter. If
+the hive is too large, insert a division on
+one or both sides; if on both sides, let
+one of them be at least half an inch
+shallower than the hive, then if the numbers
+increase, they can crowd outside
+of it.</p>
+
+<p>Second, if they are wintered indoors,
+in a hive full of combs, take away all
+you can before they are set out in the
+spring, even if you have to feed to prevent
+starvation.</p>
+
+<p>Third, if you do winter indoors on a
+full set of combs, do not commence
+feeding regularly, to induce breeding, as
+soon as set out, though it be the 25th of
+April or even the 1st of May.</p>
+
+<p>In the case mentioned the consequences
+were: In the weak colonies
+some of the bees died in the combs and
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>
+
+contracted some moisture, consequently
+would mold. Some strong colonies
+would do the same, but many of the
+dead bees would be thrown down. The
+cellar had a drain 100 feet long, with a
+fall of 5 feet, to keep the cellar dry, and
+a ventilator 3 feet above the house-sill
+outside, at the south. The ventilator
+opened on warm days, consequently a
+draft of warm air, fire in the room
+above, temperature in the bee-cellar
+raised, cluster of bees spread, queen
+goes to laying, honey consumed, brood
+reared and old bees wearing out; all of
+these conditions are the requisites of
+good, strong, healthy colonies, and they
+are just as surely the forerunners of
+first-class cases of foul brood every time.</p>
+
+<p>I know that 99 out of every 100 bee-keepers
+will differ with me, but go
+through the colonies with me 10 or 15
+days after setting out on the summer
+stands; suppose in that time we have
+had 2 or 3 good flying days; the feeding
+induced the queen to lay more rapidly
+and forced the cluster to spread; the
+eggs hatched into larvæ; on the pleasant
+days the old bees flew out but forgot
+to fly in again, thus diminishing the
+cluster; then there came 2 or 3 stormy
+days in succession, cold and chilling;
+the cluster contracted as well as diminished
+in numbers; the minute larvæ
+starved and dead, and some, perhaps,
+that are advanced to capping; another
+flying day, and their numbers are more
+reduced. The dead bees in the combs
+putrefy, and you have for your pains a
+first-class case of foul brood in the near
+future. Many will shake their heads,
+but I saw the colonies, and in 3 years I
+saw the 25 and their increase decreased
+to 17, the 17 and their increase decreased
+to 9, the 9 down to 2, and the 2 went, in
+the spring of 1880, “where the woodbine
+twineth.”</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Woodbury, Conn., Feb. 26, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Early_Importation_of_Italian_Bees" id="Early_Importation_of_Italian_Bees">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Early Importations of Italian Bees.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">REV. L. L. LANGSTROTH.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>I can probably give, better than any
+one living, the history of the first efforts
+made to introduce Italian bees into this
+country; as I knew well the late Messrs.
+Samuel Wagner and Richard Colvin,
+and Messrs. S. B. Parsons and P. G.
+Mahan, who, with myself, were the first
+to import them. Messrs. Wagner and
+Edward Jessop, both residents of
+York, Penn., received from Dzierzon,
+in 1856, a colony of Italian bees which
+had starved on shipboard. Mr. Wagner's
+letter to me, August, 1856, and
+given the next spring, in my 2nd edition
+on bees, is the earliest notice, published
+in this country, of the Italian
+race of bees. Messrs. Wagner and
+Colvin, subsequently, bought a few
+queens of Dzierzon, which were consigned
+to the care of the surgeon of a
+Bremen steamship, who had been carefully
+taught what precautions to use
+for their safety. Fearing that the bees
+might sting his passengers, the captain
+would not allow them to be put on his
+vessel.</p>
+
+<p>“In the winter of 1858-59,” (I quote
+from Mr. Colvin's able article on beekings,
+in the Report of the Commissioner
+of Agriculture for 1863, page
+530,) “another attempt was made by
+Mr. Wagner, Rev. L. L. Langstroth,
+and myself. The order was placed in
+the hands of the surgeon of the steamer,
+to whose charge the bees were to have
+been committed, but in consequence of
+his determining to leave the ship, the
+effort failed.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> Subsequently arrangements
+were made, in the latter part of
+that year, and we received 7 living
+queens. Only two or three young queens
+were reared by us during that fall and
+winter, and in the following spring we
+found that all our imported stock had
+perished. In conjunction with Mr.
+Wagner, I determined to make another
+trial; the queens, however, did not arrive
+until June, 1860.”</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p class="p1"><span class="smcap"><b>Footnote</b></span></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<div class="footnote">
+<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a>
+Mr. Colvin, having formed the acquaintance
+of the German Captain, not only convinced
+him that the bees could not escape
+to injure anyone, but inspired him with a
+strong desire to be the first to bring over in
+his own vessel, this valuable race of bees.
+It would require quite a volume to tell, at
+length, what sacrifices of time were made
+by Messrs. Wagner and Colvin, to secure
+these bees.</p>
+</div>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>Our queens, which came in 1859, were
+in charge of a German resident of
+Brooklyn, N. Y., who was returning
+home from a visit to his friends, and to
+whom Mr. Wagner had given very careful
+directions how to care for them.
+This person, learning that Mr. Mahan
+had expressed the intention of having
+the honor of landing, in America, the
+first living Italian bees, and desiring, as
+he told me, to secure this honor for us,
+communicated Mr. Mahan's intention
+to the captain, who, as soon as the
+gang-way was in place, was the first
+person to step ashore, proclaiming with
+a very loud voice: “These are the first
+Italian bees ever landed on the shores
+of America!”</p>
+
+<p>In the spring of 1856, Mr. S. B. Parsons,
+of Flushing, L. I., invited me to
+visit him, and advise with him as to
+the best way of managing his Italian
+bees. On my way, I called upon Mr.
+Mahan, who was joint owner with me
+of a large interest in my patent hive.
+He gave me a very graphic account of
+his visit to the apiary of the Baron Von
+Berlepsch, from whom he obtained a
+queen, and supplied me with a few Italian
+workers for Prof. Joseph Lidy, that
+he might determine how the length of
+proboscis, in that variety, compared
+with that of the black bee. On arriving
+at Flushing, Mr. Parsons showed
+me five hollow logs, or “gums,” placed
+in an old bee-shed. It was a warm, sun-shiny
+day, and I saw only an occasional
+bee flying out from one of the hives.
+These colonies had been purchased in
+Italy, carried safely on the backs of
+mules over the Alpine passes, to Genoa,
+from which port they were safely
+shipped to New York; but by a succession
+of mishaps, four of them died at
+Flushing. The fifth contained a mere
+handful of bees, with their queen,
+which I introduced to a colony of black
+bees. It is hardly necessary to say that
+none of these hives were ever in the
+same vessel with Mr. Mahan.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th of April, the steamer
+Argo arrived in New York, after a tedious
+and stormy voyage. Mr. Herman,
+a German bee-keeper, and author of a
+work on the Italian bee, who had been
+furnished with a large sum of money by
+Mr. Parsons to buy Italian bees in the
+best districts of Italy, and who had
+agreed to bring them over in the original
+hives, and breed queens for Mr.
+Parsons, <em>was not on board</em>, but in his
+place, a young Austrian, by the name
+of Bodmer. On the 19th, as soon as the
+bees were allowed to be landed, they
+were carried to Flushing. The small
+boxes in which they were put up were
+in three different packages, one of
+which was consigned to the U. S. Government,
+one to Mr. Mahan, and one to
+Mr. Parsons. As the Austrian said
+that he knew, by examination on shipboard,
+that the bees were in a very bad
+condition, and many of them already
+dead, and, as the day was very pleasant,
+they were all examined under my personal
+supervision, and I can assure Mr.
+Robinson that every colony consigned
+to the Government and Mr. Mahan, was
+dead. A few, only, of those marked
+for Mr. Parsons, had living queens,
+some of which soon died, and in a short
+time he found himself the possessor of
+only two queens, one of which was the
+queen found alive upon my arrival at
+Flushing.</p>
+
+<p>By my advice, Mr. Wm. W. Cary, of
+Coleraine, Mass., a very skillful bee-keeper,
+and a thoroughly trustworthy
+man, was sent for by Mr. Parsons. One
+of the queens was entrusted to his care,
+on the premises of Mr. Parsons, and
+the other to Mr. Bodmer, some distance
+off, who did not raise queens enough
+even to pay for the black bees and honey
+which were purchased for his use; while
+Mr. Cary Italianized a large apiary for
+Mr. Parsons, besides filling all his orders
+for queens.</p>
+
+<p>One hundred and eleven queens were
+carried to California, by Mr. A. J. Biglow,
+108 of which reached there in good
+condition. This small per cent. of loss
+was, in part, owing to the skillful supervision
+of Mr. Biglow, and to the purifying
+flight which, by my advice, he
+gave them on the Isthmus of Panama;
+but all his precautions would have been
+of no avail but for the judicious way in
+which they were prepared by Mr. Cary
+and himself, for so long a voyage. The
+bees sent to Mr. Parsons were in cigar
+boxes, into which the combs were
+merely crowded or wedged: the loosening
+of the combs on so rough a voyage
+killed some of the queens, while others
+were drowned, with their bees, in honey;
+and others, still, starved from the boxes
+being over-crowded with bees. It is
+hardly necessary to contrast Mr. Biglow's
+success with the heavy losses sustained
+for years by those who imported
+bees from Europe. The result of Mr.
+Parsons' dealings with Herman were,
+that for $1,200 advanced to him, he had
+only 2 queens to show. The next season
+Mr. Bodmer, having learned how to
+pack bees for a sea voyage, brought
+over a number of queens in good condition,
+for Mr. E. W. Rose, but was very
+unfortunate in the management of
+them. Herman came, some years after,
+to this country, and was employed by a
+friend of mine in Philadelphia, to purchase
+for him, in Italy, a large number
+of queens. The return voyage was long
+and stormy, and every queen died on
+board the steamer.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Oxford, Ohio, March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Good_Way_to_Promote_BeeKeeping" id="Good_Way_to_Promote_BeeKeeping"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>A Good Way to Promote Bee-Keeping.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">WM. F. CLARKE.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>As a sample of what may be done in
+many parts of the country to diffuse
+knowledge regarding apiculture, and
+awaken an interest in bee-keeping as a
+business, let me give a brief account of
+a meeting recently held in Shaftesbury
+Hall, Toronto, under the auspices of
+the Y. M. C. A. Mr. D. A. Jones, having
+made the acquaintance of some of the
+leading spirits in the organization just
+named, offered to give a free lecture on
+bee-keeping. The offer was accepted,
+and a meeting announced to which the
+members of the Y. M. C. A. were admitted
+<i lang="la">gratis</i>, while the general public
+were charged a small fee. Mr. Jones
+invited the writer to be present as a reserve
+force, in case he should break
+down, (!) and what enthusiastic bee-keeper
+would not rally to the rescue
+when thus appealed to? Unfortunately
+Mr. J. was not in good trim, having
+been sick enough to keep his bed most
+of the day preceding the lecture evening.
+However, he gathered himself up
+for the task he had undertaken, and
+was cheered by the appearance of his
+ally just as the lecture was about to begin.
+For a sick man, he did bravely,
+and spoke for nearly an hour. His remarks
+were, of course, general, and
+very different from what they would
+have been if his audience had been composed
+of experienced apiarists. He
+discoursed on bee-keeping as a business,
+explained the outlines of it, showed
+that it was profitable, and especially
+dwelt upon the gain which would accrue
+to the country if it were more generally
+engaged in. An interesting sketch of
+his journey to Cyprus and the Holy
+Land formed the latter part of his address.
+The writer supplemented his
+remarks by a talk of about half an hour,
+the chief theme of which was advice to
+intending bee-keepers. There was a
+far larger audience than might have
+been expected, considering the prevalent
+apathy in regard to apicultural pursuits,
+and considering also that the
+weather was unpleasantly stormy.
+Much interest was evidently awakened;
+a number of questions were asked at
+the close of the addresses, and many
+lingered when “meetin' was out” to
+talk about bee-matters. An immense
+amount of good might be done if practical
+bee-keepers would engage in this
+kind of missionary work. The public
+is a dull scholar, and needs to be “enthused”
+by men who have the true apicultural
+spirit. Among other questions,
+these were asked:&mdash;“What is the best
+bee journal?” and “What is the best
+book on bee-keeping?” The <span class="smcap">American
+Bee Journal</span>, and Cook's “Manual,”
+were the replies given. In his
+counsels to beginners, the writer insisted
+very strongly, that the first step
+in practical bee-keeping was to get a
+good hand-book, and journal of apiculture.
+So, if you receive orders from
+Toronto for the <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span>,
+and “Manual,” you may give
+Jones' meeting the credit for having
+inspired them. There are not only Y.
+M. C. As., but other organizations all
+over the land that would be glad to have
+a meeting in the interests of bee-keeping.
+If 2 or 3 practical bee-keepers
+would divide the work and responsibility
+of maintaining such a meeting, it
+would not be so formidable, as though
+only one man undertook it. A plain,
+common-sense talk on a subject of such
+practical and commercial importance as
+bee-keeping, would be a welcome change
+from the elaborate lectures usually delivered
+before Y. M. C. As., Lyceums,
+and bodies of that ilk. I hope Jones'
+enthusiastic zeal will stir others up to
+emulation and imitation. Reader, if
+conscious of possessing “the gift of
+the gab” in any degree, “go thou and
+do likewise.”</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Listowell, Ont., March 7, 1881.</p>
+<blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+</blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Do_Bees_Injure_Fruit" id="Do_Bees_Injure_Fruit"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Do Bees Injure Fruit?</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">F. P. BOUTEILLER.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>A prominent wine-grower in this
+country, told me, about a year ago, that
+he did not want bees in his neighborhood
+as he found they injured his
+grape crop. As I have a small grapery,
+of about a hundred plants, between the
+rows of which I find shelter for about
+20 colonies of bees, I determined to observe
+if his theory was correct, for I
+was loth to give up either. If any fruit
+crop could be injured by the visit of
+bees, mine is surely the one. The result
+of one season's close observation
+has convinced me: 1st. That bees promote
+rather than injure the foundations
+of fruit buds, because the bunches
+on my vines were full, with better developed
+berries, than those produced on
+vines less exposed to their visits, and
+my peach and cherry trees were as
+fairly loaded with fruit as they well
+could be. 2nd. That in the fall bees
+only visit our ripe berries, that have
+been sweetened by early frosts, and are
+very rarely seen on good sound fruit,
+when the skin is unbroken, and that
+the loss from this cause is of very little
+consequence, as the fruit attacked would
+fall off itself, without the visit of the
+bees, before gathering. I am wintering
+21 colonies, mostly Italians; procured
+one of Jones' Cyprian queens, but
+too late in the fall to speak intelligently
+of the result. They are on summer
+stands, well sheltered and surrounded
+with straw, having means of exit, and
+I think are wintering well, but they
+have not had a good fly since early in
+November.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Belle River, Ont., March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Remarkable_Tardiness_in_Fecundity" id="Remarkable_Tardiness_in_Fecundity"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Remarkable Tardiness in Fecundity.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">G. W. DEMAREE.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>One of my Cyprian queens has upset
+an established doctrine in bee-science,
+set at naught all the bee-books, and reversed
+the old adage which says: “hope
+long deferred maketh the heart sick.”
+In the latter part of last season I reared
+some Cyprian queens from eggs and
+larvæ, obtained from Mr. Root; they
+were 7 in number, and were hatched on
+the 6th, 7th, and 8th days of Sept. The
+weather being warm and fair they were
+all fertilized (except one, which never
+returned from her bridal tour) by the
+12th of the month, and a few days later
+they were all laying except one; that
+being the finest, brightest-looking queen
+of the lot, stubbornly refused to commence
+the duties of a good queen. She
+was in a strong nucleus which was fed
+regularly and bountifully, till the hive
+looked as though the occupants were
+enjoying a bountiful white clover harvest,
+but “nary an egg would she lay.”</p>
+
+<p>She was provided with a clean empty
+comb, placed in the center of the colony,
+and the feeding kept up till winter
+set in, but no brood appeared. The
+hive was not opened from the time it
+was prepared for winter (say Nov. 15)
+till the middle of Dec., at which time
+there was not a sign of brood. Then
+came the long siege of snow and bitter
+winds which lasted till the 30th of Jan.;
+on that date our bees enjoyed a good,
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>
+
+cleansing flight, and I remembered my
+non-laying queen and proceeded to look
+her combs over, and to my surprise, on
+one of the center combs I found a little
+patch of brood about half as large as a
+postal card, some of which was sealed
+over. It was genuine worker brood,
+and no mistake. Since which time she
+has been laying nicely, and now has a
+nice lot of brood for the time of year.</p>
+
+<p>My bees, 30 colonies with selected
+queens, have come safely through the
+winter to the 1st of March, and there is
+really but little danger of losing bees
+in this climate after the 1st of this
+month, unless they are short of stores
+and shamefully neglected. The bee-man
+is aware, above all others, that
+there is “many a slip betwixt the cup
+and the lip,” however closely he may
+watch his business. On the 30th of Jan.
+last, when my bees were flying lively, I
+noticed that one large colony with a
+tested Cyprian queen, were not stirring
+like the others. I proceeded to open
+the hive and found the bees so nearly
+starved that they could only show signs
+of life by a feeble motion of their wings,
+which produced no sound whatever.
+Not a bee seemed able to change its position;
+the fore-runner of death was
+already present in the form of a cold,
+damp atmosphere in the brood chamber.
+I prepared some rich sweetened water,
+separated the frames gently, and sprinkled
+the bees thoroughly with the
+sweetened water, and poured some of it
+into the empty cells. The frames were
+then readjusted and a dry woolen quilt
+spread over the bees and the sun permitted
+to shine into the hive. In about
+an hour I raised the quilt and the inmates
+of the hive were stirring briskly,
+handing around the good cheer, while
+some of them showed fight in a most
+patriotic style. They were provided
+with stores, and are now a No. 1 colony.
+So much for bee-science.</p>
+
+<p>What a lesson this teaches! Here was
+a large colony of bees perishing with
+famine, as one single individual; so unselfishly
+had they divided their family
+stores amongst themselves that when
+relief did come, though not till their
+dire extremity, there was no practical
+loss of life. Before I close I cannot resist
+the temptation to tell how my bees
+have been carrying in meal, and prancing
+gaily on the alighting boards with
+their white pellets exposed to the best
+advantage.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Christiansburg, Ky.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="HoneyProducing_in_California" id="HoneyProducing_in_California"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Honey-Producing in California.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">W. A. PRYAL.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>No doubt but by this time many of
+the Eastern bee-keepers are looking
+to this far-off “land of milk and honey,”
+as of late years it has been called. Perhaps
+the reason is partly because here
+abundant warm rains have fallen all
+over the State, and the world-renowned
+honey region has received its complement
+of the down-pour; in fact, the inhabitants
+hardly ever saw so much rain
+visit that section at the right time.</p>
+
+<p>There are now signs, however, that
+indicate the sun will shine with its usual
+brightness; that those delightful spring
+days, which are so peculiar to this fair
+land, are about to favor us. Let this be
+the case and the bees will soon be flying
+out by thousands, and the willow blossoms
+will each and all receive a welcome
+visit from those industrious insects.
+Their journeyings will not be confined
+to the banks of the creeks where the
+willows grow, but the woodland, where
+the Australian blue-gum (<i lang="la">Eucalyptus
+globulus</i>) has been planted by the hand
+of man, and which holds out its bounteous
+chalice for the busy bee to come
+and sip of nectar deep and sweet.</p>
+
+<p>While the loss in bees will in all probability
+be great in the States east of the
+Rocky Mountains, here the loss, if any,
+will not be quite as bad as it has been
+other years. Thus it will be seen that
+our eastern brethren will have to commence
+the season with greatly reduced
+forces, while the apiarists in this State
+will commence operations with more
+colonies, and, consequently, with more
+bees. Last season was a good one, and
+the bees went into winter quarters with
+abundant stores, which have carried
+them through the mild winter safely.
+The bee flora having had ample rains
+to insure a most thrifty growth, will
+bloom for a longer period than it has
+heretofore, and, of course, will insure
+an enormous yield of honey.</p>
+
+<p>On account of the long continuance
+of the rain, but few flowers have commenced
+to bloom. Still the plants are
+growing, and when they do commence,
+they will be able to do so in a vigorous
+manner. A few of those now blooming
+are the willows in variety, <i lang="la">Eucalyptus
+globulus</i>, and it is unusually covered
+with flowers; wild currant, a pretty fair
+honey plant, but scarce; wild gooseberry;
+wild blackberry, just beginning;
+raspberry, ditto; almond; pear and
+peach; mignonette; horehound, and a
+few others. All of which give the bees
+more than they can do to gather the
+nectar and pollen.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">North Temescal, Cal., Feb. 17, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Bee_Men_to_the_Front_Adulteration" id="Bee_Men_to_the_Front_Adulteration"></a>
+<span class="center xxlarge"><b>Bee-Men to the Front.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">A. W. FISK.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>The present may be called “trying
+times” to bee-keepers of America. Poor
+honey seasons, hard winters, and the
+nefarious warfare against the honey
+producers of this country in the vile
+adulteration of honey, is indeed trying,
+discouraging and diabolical. It appears,
+by the papers, that these glucose
+scoundrels are not satisfied with adulterating
+extracted honey, but according
+to this article that I clip from one
+of our papers, <cite>The Bushnell Record</cite>, they
+are manufacturing comb honey. It
+reads as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Many singular discoveries have been made among
+manufacturers by the census enumerators in the
+course of their investigations. For instance, it has
+long been known that dealers are in the habit of
+adulterating honey with glucose on the plea of thus
+improving its keeping qualities. In Boston, however,
+there is a firm doing a large business in making honey
+entirely from glucose much in the same way as manufacturers
+elsewhere make butter from suine and
+oleo-margarine. The comb is molded out of paraffine
+in excellent imitation of the work of bees; then
+the cells are filled with clear glucose and sealed by
+passing a hot iron over them, and the product is sent
+to Europe as our best honey. The busiest Italian
+bees couldn't compete with this firm in turning out
+honey, any more than could a Eurotas-like Jersey
+breed compete in butter-making with our deft manipulators
+of lard and tallow.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Now, brother bee-men, I believe the
+time has arrived when this honey counterfeiting
+should be stopped; I therefore
+suggest that the bee-men of this country
+come up in solid phalanx “to the
+front,” and with Pres. N. P. Allen and
+the bee-paper editors as leaders, let us
+agitate the question, educate the people,
+stir up the press, wake up the
+country, and vote or petition to Congress
+until we secure the passage of a
+law by Congress against the adulteration
+of honey, sugar, syrup, or food of
+any kind. Many of the leading journals
+of our land are battling for the
+right in this matter. The <cite>Burlington</cite>
+(Iowa) <cite>Hawkeye</cite> last week expressed
+itself as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>It is time that stringent legislative enactments are
+passed, making the adulteration of so many articles
+of food a criminal offense, punishable by severe penalties.
+If these things must be done to gratify the
+inordinate greed of some men, let it be made obligatory
+on them that the packages containing spurious
+products so proclaim them, under penalty of confiscation
+when detected, and the fraud further punishable
+by heavy penalty. No man has any right to sell
+a compound of honey and glucose as pure honey,
+nor has he any right, either moral or legal, to place a
+compound of butter and lard, still further “doctored”
+with drugs, upon the market as pure butter. If adulterations
+of food are allowed to go on in this way,
+unrebuked, there is not an article of food known
+that will not be counterfeited, and oftentimes with
+substances very hurtful in character.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>I am thankful so many are lending
+their aid and influence in the cause of
+justice and humanity, but we want the
+united efforts of honest bee-keepers,
+and consumers, and fair dealers, to
+make a bold front against every adulterator,
+and to expose him to the world.
+In this way I believe the problem can
+be solved and the evil remedied.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Bushnell, Ill.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[So far as it refers to the adulteration
+of comb honey, it is a false alarm; all
+bosh! We alluded to this subject more
+at length on page 44 of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>
+for Feb. 9th. We are glad, however,
+to see the interest being awakened
+on the subject of food adulterations,
+and bee-keepers as well as all other honest
+producers, cannot be too out-spoken
+in denouncing it.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="The_In_and_InBreeding_of_Bees" id="The_In_and_InBreeding_of_Bees"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>The In-and-In Breeding of Bees.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">M. S. SNOW.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>Mr. C. Thielmann, in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>,
+says he has bees which are mostly
+hybrids, and he does not know where
+they came from, but there are Italians
+5 miles from him. Another says he has
+no black bees, and his queens must be
+purely mated, &amp;c.; another that a neighbor
+has had some 10 or 15 colonies so
+many years, breeding in-and-in, but
+states he manages to keep his number
+about the same. Breeding in-and-in
+with bees, I am fully convinced, is not
+much done. Bees are free rovers and
+it seems to be their nature or instinct
+to mate at some distance from the
+parent hive.</p>
+
+<p>This question was discussed by one
+of the speakers at a bee convention in
+N. Y. some years ago. He claimed that
+in-and-in breeding had a great deal to
+do with the failures in bee-keeping, &amp;c.
+He compared an apiary to a yard of
+fowls, in this respect, and that they
+could be bred in-and-in until entirely
+worthless. This may be done, for
+fowls are confined to a particular locality,
+but how is it with prairie chickens?
+what is the reason they do not degenerate
+and run out? Because they are
+rovers, like the bee, and are mated by
+others from some remote part.</p>
+
+<p>I claim that bees will mix from 5 to 7
+miles, and if there are 50 or 100 colonies
+within that distance the progeny of a
+certain queen will stand a poor show of
+mating with drones from its own hive.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate: While living in N. Y.
+I obtained one of Mr. Langstroth's $20
+tested Italian queens; I reared some 70
+queens and introduced them into as
+many colonies. The next season I had
+Italian drones by the thousand. My
+stock of Italian drones were the only
+ones in the locality, so I had a good
+chance to test breeding in-and-in. The
+next season, and even that fall, there
+were hybrid colonies all over the country,
+even at the distance of 7 miles, one
+man had one colony. One man, 5 miles
+from me, wished me to introduce an
+Italian queen into one of his colonies.
+I think he had 6 and I was surprised to
+see 4 of them hybrids, how they came
+there he did not know. Others said to
+me, “I have your kind of bees, but
+where they came from I cannot tell.”</p>
+
+<p>All breeders of Italian queens find it
+very difficult to keep their stock up to
+the standard of purity. I obtained 5
+dollar-queens (Italians) from a breeder
+in N. Y., which when tested proved to
+be hybrids, showing conclusively that
+there were black bees in that section.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Osakis, Minn.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="How_to_Prevent_Robbing" id="How_to_Prevent_Robbing"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>How to Prevent Robbing.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">J. D. ENAS.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>My location for surplus honey is not
+as good as some other sections of the
+State, and from the middle of June to
+the last of July, from 4 to 6 weeks, there
+appears to be no honey flow, and the
+weather being hot and dry, scorches
+what bloom is left, soon after June comes
+in. Our last rain is in April, or sometimes
+late in May, and no more, generally,
+before October or November. All
+kinds of stock depending on pasture,
+especially in the hills, suffer at that
+time. When bees can gather no honey,
+Italians especially go about visiting for
+the purpose of plunder, and woe to the
+colony that is not strong enough to defend
+its stores. I have reduced the entrance,
+covered the entrance with cow-chips,
+wet hay, brush, and, in fact, tried
+all remedies that ever I saw in print or
+heard of, without success. While the
+robbers were helping themselves, the
+colony robbed was not discouraged, but
+appeared to be robbing some other, and
+the queen was laying eggs, to be starved
+as they advanced to brood; no bees appeared
+to be killed at the entrance, as
+no blacks were about; they were all
+Italians, and they can rob when they
+get started.</p>
+
+<p>I exchanged the places of the hives
+without success, until I thought of
+changing after dark; so while they were
+robbing I went to all colonies that appeared
+to be quiet and minding their
+own business and placed a single stone
+on the cover, then on those that were
+getting robbed the worst, I placed 2
+stones. Then when so dark that no bees
+were flying, I exchanged places and
+put a strong colony on the stand of a
+weak one. Sometimes I had to repeat
+this, but not always. Some of those
+weak ones filled their hives with golden
+rod honey and robbing was stopped for
+that season. It was amusing to see the
+robbers when those strong colonies had
+fairly awakened, to know that they had
+callers; they mustered out at the entrance
+solid and were ready for business.
+The robber seemed to think he
+had made a mistake. The strong colony
+had not got discouraged; the robbers
+could not force the entrance and
+the weak colony not in a fighting humor,
+received the recruits from the
+strong one, which were a little too surprised
+at the change to interfere with
+the queen and inmates. Most of the
+old bees would go to their own stand
+but in the confusion of things they
+would gradually be at home in their
+own hive. I found the plan very successful,
+when closing the entrance did
+not do. I extracted as late as June 10
+to keep down swarming.</p>
+
+<p>Last spring my Italians took the
+grafting wax from my peach grafts. I
+also observed them gathering the worm
+dust from decayed oak wood, and filling
+their pockets instead of pollen, about
+Christmas. In the valley 2 miles from
+here, frost was quite severe, but here
+the mercury got below 32° only twice;
+the lowest was 28°. Natural bloom was
+2 months behind, owing to early frosts
+which appeared to drive the sap down
+to the roots.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Napa, Cal.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="sig5">For the American Bee Journal.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Killed_by_Kindness" id="Killed_by_Kindness"></a>
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Bees Killed by Kindness.</b></span></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">B. F. WHITEAKER.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>I commenced the year 1875 with 12
+box hives and engaged my brother to
+hive the colonies in movable frame
+hives on shares, but the bees swarmed
+faster than he had the hives ready&mdash;one
+swarmed 5 times in one week. In the
+fall I had 16 colonies in movable frame
+and 20 in box hives. I prepared them
+for winter by cutting up a light bed-quilt
+to cover the frames; drove stakes
+about a foot from the hives all around
+except in the front, (which faced the
+south) and packed straw in the spaces
+and filled the cap with chaff and straw,
+and covered the hives with straw. In
+the spring but one colony was living
+and that was in a box hive. The quilts
+were laid down flat on the frames, leaving
+no ventilation. When it became
+cold the bees died and fell on the bottom
+board, filling up the spaces between
+the frames, the moisture fell on the
+bees and froze solid, closing the entrance
+so that I could not open it even
+with an iron rod. In the corners of
+each hive was a chunk of ice, running
+half way up the frames. The bees cut
+holes through the quilts and when they
+could, had crawled into the straw and
+died. This was murder, but such was
+my experience in 1875-6.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Florid, Ill., Mar. 1, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[We have no doubt your first disasters
+were attributable altogether to a too
+rapid increase.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The North Western Wisconsin
+Bee-keepers Association will meet at
+Germania Hall, LaCrosse, Wis., on
+Tuesday, May 10, at 10 a.m. All interested
+in bee-keeping are requested to be
+present.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="smcap">L. H. Pammel, Jr.</span>, <em>Sec.</em><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The next meeting of the N. W. Illinois and
+S. W. Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association, will be held at H. W.
+Lee's, 2 miles n.w. of Pecatonica, Winnebago county, Ills.,
+on the 17th of May, 1881.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. Stewart</span>, <em>Sec.</em></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> On account of unfavorable weather
+the convention at Monroe Centre,
+Ill., met on Feb. 8, and there being but
+few present, adjourned to the same
+place on March 29, 1881.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">A. Rice</span>, <em>Pres.</em></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN<br />
+BEE JOURNAL
+</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="center">ESTABLISHED<br />
+IN 1861<br />
+<br />
+
+OLDEST BEE PAPER<br />
+IN AMERICA
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Editor and Proprietor,</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><a id="Editorial_Items"></a>
+<img src="images/i001c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="large center">CHICAGO, ILL., MAR. 16, 1881.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001d.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Watchman_Tell_us_of_the_Night" id="Watchman_Tell_us_of_the_Night">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Watchman! Tell us of the Night.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Can you not recommend some reliable
+prophet, who will prophesy good weather
+soon? The storm is terrible; not a
+road in the county is passable for half a
+mile; the drifts are as high as the fences,
+and the snow full three feet on the
+level.</p>
+
+<p>Bees are getting uneasy, and must
+have a flight soon. Many report heavy
+losses, even now; others complain that
+all are sick with dysentery. In my home
+cellar, out of about 275, 4 are slightly
+affected, the balance are apparently in
+good condition. My outside apiaries
+fare worse. Two weeks ago quite a
+number had the dysentery slightly; I
+should judge about 8 or 10 per cent.
+How they now are I cannot tell; certainly,
+no better. I believe that they
+can stand it a month longer, and my
+home apiary 6 weeks, but that is the
+limit.</p>
+
+<p>We are all afraid that Vennor's prophecy
+of 11 feet of snow will yet be realized,
+unless some one can be found to
+contradict it. Eleven feet of snow now
+would last us until all our bees had died
+a natural death from old age. Help us
+out of our trouble, if you can.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Geo. Grimm.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Jefferson, Wis., March 3, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>It was with much pleasure we noticed,
+in last Thursday's Associated Press dispatches,
+evidences of Prof. Vennor's
+reformation. He undoubtedly has become
+convinced that the realization of
+the eleven feet of snow attributed to
+his prophecies, would not only cause
+much suffering and privation with the
+majority of humanity, but work serious
+and permanent injury to the country
+itself. He has relented, or probably
+been bribed by Mr. McColm's liberal
+offer in the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> of March 2,
+page 69, and now promises us better
+weather in the future. His latest prediction
+is a reasonably early, warm, dry
+spring, cool, pleasant summer, and late,
+dry fall, followed by a mild and pleasant
+winter. Of course, he promises
+abundant crops, and a satisfactory and
+remunerative harvest.</p>
+
+<p>But without any further reference to
+Prof. Vennor, and without laying any
+claim to the “spirit of prophecy,” we
+believe the coming season will be a very
+satisfactory one to those bee-keepers
+who may be prepared to profit by it, and
+who have the industry and intelligence
+to make the most of it. The winter of
+1879-80 was very mild and open, the
+scarcity of snow left the earth's surface
+exposed alike to the freezing temperature
+of night, and the pleasant sunshine
+of the balmy days; spring-like showers
+were of frequent occurrence, and heavy
+rains accompanied with thunder were
+so numerous that they ceased to create
+surprise; while the weird spring-music
+of the frogs was a familiar sound every
+month, and nearly every week, throughout
+the winter. The alternating cold
+and heat “threw out” the roots of the
+perennial plants, breaking off the long,
+deep-reaching taps and killing the rootlets;
+hence the frequent expression,
+“but little white clover in bloom, and
+no honey in the blossoms.” The honey-producing
+annuals have done but little better,
+owing, we presume, to the germination
+of the seeds in mid-winter, and
+the frequent frosting of the tender
+sprouts before spring set in. Thus, the
+summer and fall bloom was limited, and
+no provision having been made to supply
+the short-comings of nature, bees
+entered upon an unprecedented winter
+with a poor supply of good&mdash;or a good
+supply of poor&mdash;honey. The many empty
+hives in the country this spring is the
+result.</p>
+
+<p>The past winter, whatever else may
+be said of it, has been propitious for the
+honey plants. Cool weather in this latitude
+set in during October; vegetation
+was checked in the perennials and biennials;
+the ground was frozen in November,
+and it was overspread with a
+mantle of snow quite early in the season,
+which has constantly held the roots
+of the perennials in position, and prevented
+the seeds of the annuals from
+unseasonable germination. The stand
+of white clover last fall was good, and
+mostly of quite recent growth, which
+should bloom profusely this season, and
+will only need heat and favorable sunshine
+to develop the nectar. The causes
+enumerated will also tend to confine the
+vitality of the linden trees to the roots,
+to be drawn out in profuse foliage and
+bloom by the genial rays of the summer
+sun. The numerous variety of flowers
+we believe will gratify the eye of every
+lover of the beautiful in nature, and
+well reward the labors of the painstaking
+bee-keeper. That the price of honey
+will be remunerative next fall no one
+can doubt, in view of the lessened competition,
+owing to the heavy losses the
+past winter and the many who will
+utilize the bees they have left to refilling
+their empty hives.</p>
+
+<p>It would take more space than we can
+give a single article, to explain why we
+have much confidence in Prof. Vennor's
+latest prediction, referred to above&mdash;though
+perhaps “the wish is father to
+the thought.” We feel confident many
+of our readers will cordially unite with
+us in welcoming the better time coming.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Migratory_BeeKeeping" id="Migratory_BeeKeeping">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Migratory Bee-Keeping.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Why do not the enterprising bee-keepers
+of these parts go South with
+their bees, and wait till the March
+“blizzards” are over? Seems to me the
+bees and honey saved would about pay
+the expenses of the trip. How much
+does a colony need in those parts to winter
+on? Would there be any prospect
+of obtaining any surplus down there
+before the season opens here? These
+and a dozen other questions I am vainly
+speculating upon. Are Messrs. Bingham
+and Perrine the only ones that
+have tried the migratory plan? I believe
+neither of them was successful;
+at any rate, they have abandoned it.
+Probably they could not give it the necessary
+attention. The loss of larvæ in
+shipping seems but trifling compared to
+the gain in young bees. Considerable
+damage may be done by combs breaking
+down, but wired frames would obviate
+that difficulty. Is not wired foundation
+(wired in frames) the only kind that can
+be depended on under all circumstances?
+You report in the October number,
+1880, page 468, that the Northwestern
+Convention disapproved of wired
+foundation. There were but few present
+that had given wired foundation a
+fair trial, and if I am not mistaken,
+they were strongly in favor of it.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">H. W. Funk.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Bloomington, Ill., March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The first question is difficult to answer,
+as enterprising bee-keepers, like
+the balance of humanity, are generally
+governed by motives of convenience
+or profit. There are very few but have
+other business connected with bee-keeping,
+and this would suffer if close attention
+was given the migratory system.
+The amount of honey required to winter
+in the South is much less than in the
+North, but the quantity is governed by
+contingencies, as would be the question,
+How much honey will a colony obtain
+in the South in a season? Usually bees
+obtain considerable surplus in April and
+May, in some localities. Mr. Bingham,
+we believe, abandoned the migratory
+system on account of excessive freights,
+while Mr. Perrine met with a series of
+disasters from the first which would
+have discouraged any one. Mr. W. O.
+Abbott was engaged last season with a
+floating apiary on the Mississippi river,
+from which large returns were anticipated;
+but as nothing definite has been
+made public since the close of the season,
+we suppose it was not a success.
+Others have tried Southern wintering,
+but we have no data upon which to base
+conclusions, except the fact of its abandonment.
+The trouble has not been
+so much from destruction of combs, as
+the expense attending the removal.</p>
+
+<p>A private letter from a gentleman
+with several hundred colonies of bees,
+located a short distance below Memphis,
+Tenn., dated March 5, says: “My colonies
+are mostly very strong; they are
+bringing in 5 kinds of pollen; many are
+clustering in front of their hives; most
+of them had large quantities of honey
+left over, and I could extract an average
+of 15 lbs. per colony with profit to the
+bees. Bees here are given no attention
+in the fall, but are left on the summer
+stands, sometimes with the second story
+over them, and often with only a honey-board.
+Frequently there are entrances
+at front and rear, and wide cracks in the
+sides from which bees pour out, but disaster
+never overtakes them except from
+starvation.”</p>
+
+<p>If a necessity exists for wires in foundation,
+then perhaps the wired frames
+are best. That but few of those in attendance
+at the Northwestern Convention
+“had given wired foundation a fair
+trial,” was undoubtedly owing to the
+fact that the great majority of those
+present had never experienced the necessity
+for using wires; and it might be
+difficult to convince a considerable minority
+of the bee-keepers in the country
+that wired foundation is even desirable
+for general use. Of course, for special
+purposes, such as migratory bee-keeping,
+shipping in summer, etc., where
+not to be transferred from the frames,
+wired-frames might be very desirable.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><a name="Interesting_Letter_from_Ceylon" id="Interesting_Letter_from_Ceylon">
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Interesting Letter from Ceylon.</b></span></a></p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>Through the courtesy of Mr. D. A.
+Jones, we are permitted to publish the
+following letter. Anything relating to
+the peregrinations of Mr. Benton in the
+far East, and any discoveries of new
+races of bees he may effect, will possess
+a great attraction for our readers. His
+next letter, from Singapore, will be
+awaited with interest.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>I found on examination that every
+queen was alive upon my arrival in
+Pointe de Galle, though some of the
+nuclei were greatly depopulated, owing
+to the death of many bees, and would
+not have lived to reach Java had I not
+gotten off in Ceylon. By the next steamer
+I go to Singapore. I have made
+every effort to secure bees here, but
+none are kept in hives in those ports I
+have visited, and I do not think in any
+port of the Island.</p>
+
+<p>Of those found in trees few can be secured,
+because the trees are valuable
+cocoanut palms, and the entrance holes
+are in the trunk of course, and are very
+small. I have obtained three hives only
+of the small bees, having also spent
+some time fixing up the bees I brought
+with me, and trying to find the large
+bees, to say nothing of searching for
+some place where bees could be purchased
+in hives or pots. The natives
+are far worse than Cypriotes to get along
+with and accomplish anything. They
+seem to tell lies simply for the sake of
+giving an answer, where no pecuniary
+gain could come to them. Again, they
+seem to wish to avoid saying “I do not
+know,” when the Lord knows it would
+be the most appropriate thing for them
+to say in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred.
+The result is that it is hard work
+to sift the statements made by the natives,
+and Europeans&mdash;nearly all English&mdash;know
+absolutely nothing of value
+to us.</p>
+
+<p>The new bees, which I think are also
+found in India and many of the East
+India Islands (in which case East India
+bees would seem to me an appropriate
+name), are real beauties. The workers
+are 3/8 of an inch long, and build worker
+comb 5/8 of an inch thick, 36 cells to the
+square inch. The drone comb is exactly
+the size, and like worker comb made by
+the bees already in Europe and America.
+The workers are brown with a very
+ringed abdomen, the bands to the tip of
+the body being broadly marked with
+yellow, and thorax very fuzzy, with a
+large shield between the wings; the
+drones are black, inclining to a blue-black,
+and are ½ of an inch long; the
+queens are leather-colored, and large
+compared with the workers. These bees
+are very active, wonderful breeders, regular
+little beauties, and can be handled
+without the least smoke, scarcely ever
+offering to sting. It is a pity I cannot
+get more of them during my stay.</p>
+
+<p>I am determined to find out whether
+<i lang="la">Apis dorsata</i> is to be found here, if time
+will permit, and if two more races I
+have heard of here really do exist. I
+am now where a few shillings of railway
+fare will bring me to the interior of the
+Island. More by next mail, with samples
+of bees and comb.</p>
+
+<p>I have had a horrible time getting
+stung with large hornets while in the
+jungles. It laid me up for one whole
+day. These are fearful fellows, worse
+than those in Cyprus.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">F. Benton.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Colombo, Ceylon, Jan. 24, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> There are five Wednesdays in
+March&mdash;hence, the next number sent to
+Semi-Monthly subscribers will be No. 14.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We can supply but a few more of
+the back numbers to new subscribers.
+If any want them, they must be sent for
+soon.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> One letter sometimes makes quite
+a difference in the meaning of a sentence.
+Mr. L. James calls attention to
+an error in his article on page 34, in the
+4th line from the bottom&mdash;the word
+hiving is there given as “hiding.” As
+the sense indicated the word required,
+perhaps it was not generally noticed.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The past week has been noted for
+snow storms, not only in America but
+also in Europe, where a winter of unusual
+severity is reported, with deep
+snows and steady frosts for months together.
+This winter will have a place
+in history, as being among the most severe
+as well as of the longest duration.
+Not alone have the bees suffered by it,
+but cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., have perished
+by the thousand from the prevalence
+of blizzards and deep snows.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Several bee-keepers in this vicinity
+are considering the feasibility of
+holding a convention in Detroit this
+spring. The law in regard to foul
+brood, which is about to be passed,
+makes an organization necessary. It is
+desirable to know how many would favor
+the enterprise. Will such please
+send me their address.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">A. B. Weed.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">No. 75 Bagg street, Detroit, Mich.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i018.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h2 class="nobreak"><em>SELECTIONS FROM<br />
+OUR LETTER BOX</em></h2>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_Wintered_Well" id="Bees_Wintered_Well">
+<b>Wintered Well</b></a>&mdash;I have wintered 40
+colonies of Italians on the summer stands; they have wintered well.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">James H. Davis.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">New Holland, Pa., March 8, 1881.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><a name="Mortality_Reports" id="Mortality_Reports"></a>
+<b>Mortality Reports.</b>&mdash;It seems to me
+that the only way of profiting by the
+experience of bee-keepers throughout
+the country, this exceptionally severe
+winter, is to reduce their reports to a
+tabular statement. If they could be
+induced to send in these reports, in the
+form of brief answers, to questions
+like the following, we could read the
+history of the past winter on a single
+page of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, and
+learn from it lessons of scientific value.
+I mean such questions as these:</p>
+
+<p class="p1">1. How many colonies did you winter?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">2. Where? (out doors or in cellar.)</p>
+
+<p class="p1">3. What hive did you use?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">4. How did you prepare it?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">5. What entrance was left open, bottom,
+top, or both?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">6. How late did the bees breed?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">7. How many lbs. of honey were they
+allowed to keep?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">8. When did they have their first
+flight?</p>
+
+<p class="p1">9. How many colonies did you lose?</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">C. F. Kroeh.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Hoboken, N. J., Mar. 5, 1881.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[It would be difficult to get up a reliable
+report of this kind for many reasons,
+chiefly, perhaps, the following: 1st.
+Spring does not open simultaneously all
+over the country, and by the time the
+last were heard from, the table would
+have lost its interest; 2d. Many are
+sensitive, and prefer not to give their
+experience; 3d. Many have partially
+reported already, and would scarcely
+care to do so again. We agree with
+Mr. Kroeh, a table of that description
+would be invaluable for reference; but
+it is difficult to obtain.&mdash;
+<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Nineteen_Weeks_Confinement" id="Nineteen_Weeks_Confinement"></a>
+<b>Nineteen Weeks' Confinement.</b>&mdash;Bees
+have at last had a purifying flight after
+19 weeks' confinement. I find 28 dead
+from 153, I packed in chaff. Temperature
+has been below zero 7 times, and as
+low as 17° below, this winter. A few
+of the remaining colonies are weak and
+may die yet, but nearly all are strong
+for this season of the year. One has
+had dysentery since Dec. 15, but is
+alive yet, with a fair prospect of getting
+through.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">H. D. Burrell.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Bangor, Mich., March 10, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Wintered_Safely" id="Wintered_Safely"></a>
+<b>Wintered Safely.</b>&mdash;We had a very
+poor season last year and the winter has
+been very severe. I began the last season
+with 18 colonies, increased to 34 and
+obtained about 500 lbs. of surplus. I
+wintered in the cellar, and lost 3 colonies
+with dysentery. My bees had a
+cleansing flight about 2 weeks ago and
+I think we will have no more losses this
+winter. There are quite a number of
+bee-keepers in this vicinity, but most
+of them report very heavy losses, some
+having over 100 colonies and losing
+nearly all. We are very much pleased
+with the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, and
+think it far superior to any Monthly.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">L. E. Welch.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Linden, Mich., March 8, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="A_Slim_Living" id="A_Slim_Living"></a>
+<b>A Slim Living.</b>&mdash;I prepared 21 colonies
+on Dec. 1st, for wintering on summer
+stands. Hives were sitting on 4 inch blocks,
+and the colonies were all strong.
+I placed woolen blankets over the tops
+of the frames, then the honey-boards
+and covers, and left them for the winter&mdash;my
+usual way. Always heretofore
+they have come out bright. Feb. 22nd I
+felt uneasy about them, and being a
+bright day, I opened the hives to find 11
+dead out or 21 colonies, and the remaining
+10 weak. The hives were filled
+with frost and ice, and blankets wet
+with water; 5 out of the 11 dead had
+Italian queens, which I purchased from
+Mr. A. H. Newman last summer. I am
+not discouraged. If I had to make a
+living from bees it would be slim. I can
+learn more in 1 week about taking care
+of bees from the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>, than I
+could in 1 year without it.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Edmund DeLair.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Oketo, Kan., March 1, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Honey_Sections" id="Honey_Sections"></a>
+<b>Honey Sections.</b>&mdash;In the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>
+of March 2d Mr. Heddon says he
+prefers a section that he can press to
+any angle and have it solid, but I fail
+to see that any other angle than square
+is of any advantage. Again, Mr. H.
+asks, “Is it not better to wait and see
+which goes into general use?” Perhaps
+the following figures may show which
+has gone into general use, at least with
+our customers. I make any kind that
+are wanted, and therefore the figures
+will show which are the most desirable.
+In 1879, the first year that the one piece
+sections were put upon the market, and
+at a higher price than other kinds, my
+sales were:</p>
+
+<table summary="honey sections">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">104,578</td>
+<td class="tdl">one piece sections.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">124,058</td>
+<td class="tdl">dovetailed.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">38,270</td>
+<td class="tdl">nailed.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>In 1880, the following are the figures:</p>
+
+
+<table summary="honey sections2">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">233,898</td>
+<td class="tdl">one-piece sections.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">47,980</td>
+<td class="tdl">dovetailed.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">50,950</td>
+<td class="tdl">nailed.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>According to Mr. Heddon's test, therefore,
+the one-piece sections are the most
+desirable, because they have gone into
+general use.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">G. B. Lewis.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Watertown, Wis., March 8, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_in_Good_Condition" id="Bees_in_Good_Condition"></a>
+<b>Bees in Good Condition.</b>&mdash;The Weekly
+<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> is a welcome visitor and
+is the first paper I read when I return
+home on Friday evening. It is a friend
+that introduces me to my fellow bee-keepers,
+and their manner of manipulating
+our pets. My bees are in good
+spirits, yet they had but 2 flights this
+winter. I have them packed in a shed
+in new Langstroth hives, manipulating
+sides. They are 6 inches apart and
+packed all around with straw, excepting
+the fronts. They face the south, with
+a division board on each side of the
+frames, leaving a dead air space.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">John W. Sturwold.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Haymond, Ind., Feb. 7, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Wintered_Without_Loss" id="Wintered_Without_Loss"></a>
+<b>Wintered Without Loss.</b>&mdash;I have kept
+bees for 7 years and my greatest trouble
+has been wintering them, but I think I
+have that perfect now. I winter on
+summer stands packed in chaff. Last
+fall I had 72 colonies, and on Feb. 9 all
+were right. I think I shall have to feed
+them. Last fall some had 15 lbs. and
+others 25 lbs of honey; that is if bees
+and comb weighed 10 lbs. The combs
+were all new, and it may be that 10 lbs.
+was allowing too much.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">George Wickwire.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Weston Mills, N. Y., March 4, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Mourning_for_the_Bees" id="Mourning_for_the_Bees"></a>
+<b>Mourning for the Bees.</b>&mdash;It is lamentable
+to hear the reports throughout this
+country. Some have lost all; others all
+but 1 or 2. I think about four-fifths of
+the bees are dead through this country;
+as nearly all left their bees unprotected,
+they had to suffer losses. But I think
+the present winter will in part decide
+the best methods of wintering. I
+started last spring with 4 colonies, increased
+to 6, but obtained no surplus.
+In Sept. I bought 2 Italian colonies
+which are doing well. I packed 2 in
+chaff and 6 I put into the cellar, but 2
+of these died, 1 starved, and the other
+had the dysentery. Those packed in
+chaff had a good flight on Feb. 26.
+Those in the cellar had no flight since
+Nov. 1. The weather is now breaking
+up, the snow has nearly all gone, and
+the roads are muddy. I am highly
+pleased with the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.
+I could not be persuaded to do without
+it.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">H. Cripe.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">North Manchester, Ind., Mar., 8, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Wintering" id="Wintering"></a>
+<b>Wintering.</b>&mdash;My experience of over
+25 years in trying all modes of wintering
+is as follows: On summer stands,
+and in the cellar for 10 years; I then
+built a house to winter in, used that 2
+years and then abandoned it. The last
+3 years I have been using the chaff
+hive and winter on summer stands, with
+the least loss of any way I have tried.
+My bees had a splendid fly on the 11th,
+it being the first chance for them since
+the 8th of Nov. I think they will go
+through all right now unless we have a
+very late spring. I prepared 148 colonies
+for winter, (123 in chaff hives and 25 in
+the common box hive.) I have lost but
+one in chaff hive yet, and 10 in the box
+hive already, and doubt if one-half of
+what are left will see the middle of
+April. I wish to congratulate our editor
+on the success of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.
+I have received it regular since assuming
+its new form, and think it just
+splendid, and if I had but 1 colony of
+bees I would try to take the Weekly
+<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> to aid me to make a
+success of that 1. I hope the editor
+may be liberally supported by the bee-keepers
+of America, for I believe with
+his experience and that of his able contributors,
+he can give us a paper that
+we cannot afford to do without.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. M. France.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Auburn, Pa. Feb. 24, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Vexatious_to_Sell_Honey" id="Vexatious_to_Sell_Honey"></a>
+<b>Vexatious to Sell Honey.</b>&mdash;I only realized
+$300 last year from my bees. I put
+50 colonies in winter quarters in the
+fall of 1879; lost none, but doubled up
+on account of queenlessness, weakness,
+etc., to 45, all in first class order. I
+bought 50 colonies in old-fashioned
+Langstroth hives; they were wintered
+in a good cellar, and were, with a few
+exceptions, weak in bees, combs in bad
+order, short of stores, and badly managed
+the preceding season. I united
+them down to 27 before I moved them.
+At the beginning of honey harvest
+(basswood bloom) I doubled up to 15, so
+that when the honey season opened I
+had 60 first class colonies, and obtained
+3,500 lbs. of summer honey. I extracted
+only once. I increased by natural
+swarming to 88, and at the close of the
+season doubled up to 74. I have lost 1
+this winter through my own fault. I
+winter out-doors, but would winter indoors
+if I had a proper place. I sell
+nearly all my honey to the consumers,
+but confess this is a vexatious way of
+disposing of it; it is the most annoying
+part of the business; in fact, I feel disgusted
+when I think of it. People cry
+fraud, fraud, when there is no fraud;
+but when a spurious article is offered,
+they swallow it as quietly as desired.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">George W. Horner.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Dubuque, Iowa, Feb. 15, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Prospects_Better" id="Prospects_Better"></a>
+<b>Prospects Better.</b>&mdash;This has been a
+fine day; my bees had a cleansing flight
+to-day. They are all alive and strong,
+and seem to be in splendid condition,
+with plenty of honey and perfectly dry.
+I think all the danger is over with them
+now. I am in favor of double-walled
+hives, but not packed with chaff, for I
+have noticed that where there is chaff
+there is frost on the inside wall. I prefer
+a dead air space, for then it is always
+dry. What is the use of changing
+black bees for Italians, if Mr.
+Loucks, of California, can get so much
+honey from the black bees, they surely
+must be the “boss” bees? I think we
+had better take our bees to California,
+where milk and honey flows.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">David Hohenshell.</span></p>
+<p class="sig-left2">Collins, Ill., March 6, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_All_Alive" id="Bees_All_Alive"></a>
+<b>All Alive.</b>&mdash;My bees are all alive and
+in fine condition. They were wintered
+out of doors, in shed, packed around
+with straw, but open to the east.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. R. Mead.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Wichita, Kas., March 7, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Winter_yet_in_Kentucky" id="Winter_yet_in_Kentucky"></a>
+<b>Winter yet in Kentucky.</b>&mdash;Bees are
+wintering very badly here, and 2 of my
+neighbors have lost all they had. The
+ground is covered with snow, and looks
+as much like winter as it did a month
+ago.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">A. E. Foster.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Covington, Ky., March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="No_Surplus_nor_Increase" id="No_Surplus_nor_Increase"></a>
+<b>No Surplus nor Increase.</b>&mdash;This has
+been a hard winter on the bees. I think
+all that were not protected and those
+partially protected will die. There was
+no surplus nor increase here worth mentioning,
+last summer.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">James Nipe.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Spring Prairie, Wis., Feb. 26, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Great_Loss_of_Bees" id="Great_Loss_of_Bees"></a>
+<b>Great Loss of Bees.</b>&mdash;The bees in McDonough
+county that were wintered on
+the summer stands are nearly all dead.
+Those in double-walled hives, and those
+packed in straw, dying the same as those
+in single-walled hives. My loss is
+about 95 out of 100.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">S. H. Black.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Sciota, Ill., March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_in_Prime_Condition" id="Bees_in_Prime_Condition"></a>
+<b>Bees in Prime Condition.</b>&mdash;I have 110
+colonies in the cellar in prime condition.
+Nearly all bees out-doors are dead.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">C. H. Dibbern.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Milan, Ill., Mar. 9, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Paris_Green" id="Paris_Green"></a>
+<b>Paris Green.</b>&mdash;It is not very good for
+bees, as I had an opportunity last spring
+to find out. I have in my garden a 10
+year old plum tree that never perfected
+any fruit and knowing that Paris
+green would kill bugs I thought it
+might also kill the “little turk,” or
+Curculio. Acting upon the suggestion
+I mixed some Paris green in a watering
+can and put up through the branches
+of the tree a long ladder, from the top
+of which I sprinkled the whole top of
+the tree just before dark, and a day or 2
+before the bloom went off. Next day
+afternoon as I was passing through my
+bee yard I was very much surprised to
+see on the ground a good many bees in
+a dying condition which I could not account
+for. I came at last, however, to
+the conclusion that they had gone to
+the plum tree in the morning before it
+was dry and partaken of the poison. I
+lost a good many bees but I have
+learned this lesson, “never to put Paris
+green on trees when in bloom;” still I
+am satisfied that by sprinkling or
+syringing 2 or 3 times, when the plum
+is in its incipient state, it will insure a
+crop. Who will try this spring and report?</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Geo. Thompson.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Geneva, Ill.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Making_Progress" id="Making_Progress"></a>
+<b>Making Progress.</b>&mdash;Although behind
+some other States, yet we have made
+some progress. Bees seem to do best in
+the newer counties, where the timber
+has not been cut off. It might be supposed
+that the northern portion of this
+State was not favorable for bees, but
+Aroostook county, in the extreme north,
+produces nearly as much honey as all
+the other 15 counties, and the honey is
+put up in the most marketable shape;
+but I fear the bees are not protected as
+they should be in this northern climate.
+We have had a cold winter, and the loss
+has been very great. I winter my bees
+in the cellar with success, and obtain
+much pleasure, as well as profit, from
+the time I devote to them. The Weekly
+<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> is my constant companion.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Isaac F. Plummer.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Augusta, Maine.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Not_Discouraged" id="Not_Discouraged"></a>
+<b>Not Discouraged.</b>&mdash;Should I be persuaded
+to give up the business of keeping
+bees for profit, I do not know what
+I could find that would pay better. I
+have 25 colonies in good condition and
+every one in this town wants honey, and
+I shall try to supply it to them.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Charles Follett.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Osage, Iowa.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Lost_but_4_out_of_273" id="Lost_but_4_out_of_273"></a>
+<b>Lost but 4 out of 273.</b>&mdash;My bees are
+wintering well; I have lost but 4 out of
+273 colonies, wintered on the summer
+stands, packed with sawdust and planer
+shavings. It has paid me to advertise
+in the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>. I have
+all the work I can do.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">A. E. Manum.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Bristol, Vt., March 9, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Dead_Bees_in_the_Cells" id="Dead_Bees_in_the_Cells"></a>
+<b>Dead Bees in the Cells.</b>&mdash;I took 6 combs
+out of 2 hives in which the bees died,
+that had plenty of honey in the 2 outside
+frames. In every cell of the 3 middle
+frames is a dead bee. I tried to pick
+them out with a pin, but gave it up for
+a bad job. Is there a way to clean them?
+Can I use the combs again next spring?
+Please let me know in next <span class="smcap">Journal</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">John W. Sturwold.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Haymond, Ind., March 11, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[You will find our method given in
+answer to Mr. Phillips, page 86 of this
+number. The combs can be used again
+this spring.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Progressing" id="Progressing"></a>
+<b>Progressing.</b>&mdash;My bees are getting
+along well. I have lost 3 weak colonies
+that were left unprotected; but it was
+my own fault. A hive peddler was in
+this section this winter selling hives
+without frames. I showed him my
+hives, similar to the Langstroth, and he
+took the measure of it, and said I was
+“well fixed” for bee-keeping. He never
+said a word about selling his hive to me.
+I do not know how many he sold.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">John Boerstler.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Gilead, Ill., Feb. 26, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Moldy_Combs_etc" id="Moldy_Combs_etc"></a>
+<b>Moldy Combs, Etc.</b>&mdash;Having lost a few
+colonies of bees the past winter, I wish
+to make the best use of the combs left,
+as they are mostly new. Some are moldy,
+what shall I do with them? Some
+of the cells are full of dead bees, how
+shall I get them out? How can I keep
+the moths out of the combs until I can
+use them? An answer to these questions
+through the Weekly, at an early
+day, will no doubt benefit many new beginners.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">O. Phillips.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Emporia, Kans., March 2, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[When your colonies are strong in the
+spring, give the moldy combs; they will
+soon utilize them, if not given too fast.
+The combs with dead bees should be
+kept in a dry place, and after the bees
+have become dried and shrunken, you
+can easily shake them out of the cells.
+If moths get in the combs, treat them
+in the manner suggested by Mr. Doolittle,
+page 74, <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> of March
+9th. One pound of sulphur, however,
+to each 100 cubic feet, seems a large
+amount; this would require 10 lbs. for
+a room 10 feet square. We have had no
+experience in sulphuring combs, but
+think 1 lb. would be sufficient for 1,000
+cubic feet, in a close room.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Palestine_Bees" id="Palestine_Bees"></a>
+<b>Palestine Bees.</b>&mdash;We are having a
+hard winter on bees: they have not had
+a fly since last Oct. 28. Bees that were
+here kept in old-style boxes are nearly
+all dead, many that were packed in
+chaff are dead or have the dysentery,
+and are flying out on our coldest days,
+and of course never return. My bees
+that are in chaff tenement hives are in
+the best condition of any I have seen.
+My Palestine bees are standing the
+lonely confinement in the hives better
+than the Italians; they are quieter, and
+do not fly out so much and get lost on
+the snow. I much like the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee
+Journal</span>, and when I got the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>
+of Feb. 2d out of the office I felt like
+grasping the hand of the Editor, and
+having a shake, but alas it was not
+flesh and blood, but a very good likeness.
+Many thanks for giving us a
+chance to view it.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">I. R. Good.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Napanee, Ind., Feb. 2, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Honey_as_Medicine" id="Honey_as_Medicine"></a>
+<b>Honey as Medicine.</b>&mdash;I wish to compile
+for publication an exhibit of the medicinal
+qualities of the various kinds of
+honey, and I shall be obliged for any
+facts sent me on the subject. Chaff-packing
+seems to be ahead here this
+winter, but I notice a great difference
+in the wintering capacity of several colonies.
+All of mine which were devoted
+to the production of honey are doing
+well, but I have lost by excessive early
+breeding, and some that were used to
+rear queens. They had no flight for 4
+months.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">T. L. Von Dorn.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">S Ave., Omaha, Neb., March 9, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Gathering_Pollen" id="Gathering_Pollen"></a>
+<b>Gathering Pollen.</b>&mdash;Last season proved
+a splendid one for bees. Each colony
+averaged 72 lbs. of surplus sweet honey,
+and from 20 to 40 lbs. of bitter. My bees
+are blacks, and to-day are out gathering
+pollen and some honey.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">E. P. Massey.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Waco, Texas., March 1, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Anxious_for_Spring" id="Anxious_for_Spring"></a>
+<b>Anxious for Spring.</b>&mdash;The Monthly
+was good, but a more frequent visitor,
+in the shape of the Weekly, is better.
+It brings fresh news, ready for use. I
+spent an hour in my cellar, last evening,
+examining my bees. I was heart-sick at
+the condition in which I found them.
+I had about 40 colonies in the fall; at
+least one-half of them are dead. I have
+an excellent cellar, especially for my
+bees, and have not lost a colony before
+for 5 or 6 years. I began to think that
+losing bees in winter was an unnecessary
+thing, but I see that I was mistaken,
+for my bees did not lack for care
+in any particular. The death of mine
+is from dysentery. The small amount
+of honey collected in this vicinity last
+year was a very poor quality, as is seen
+from the fact that it has not candied
+during the winter. I extracted about
+300lbs, and put it away in glass jars,
+and it looks like so much New Orleans
+molasses. My friend, Mr. Bischoff, had
+about 40 colonies in the fall; all are now
+dead but 6. They were left on their
+summer stands. Mr. B. is lonesome
+and wants my bees put in his apiary
+next summer to keep him company, but
+it remains yet to be seen if I will have
+any left to keep up a humming in my
+own apiary. I met Mr. Gardener, of
+this city, the other day, and he reports
+all of his 16 colonies dead. Several
+other bee-men have told me that but
+few, if any, of their bees are alive.
+Winter still holds on with an iron
+grasp. Our bees so much need a cleansing
+flight. I am anxiously waiting for
+some warm days.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">I. P. Wilson.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Burlington, Iowa, March 4, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_Died_of_Disease" id="Bees_Died_of_Disease"></a>
+<b>Died of Disease.</b>&mdash;I have lost about
+all the bees I had, yet I love to hear of
+others' success in the bee business, and
+read of others' way of management; but
+I am convinced that my bees died of
+some disease, the same as Mr. Carver
+reported from Greencastle, Indiana, although
+bees have not died so universally
+throughout this country as mine
+have. I have the hives and combs left,
+with lots of honey in them; these I can
+sell for something, perhaps, or melt
+them into wax, or get a few colonies of
+bees to begin anew, but it is very poor
+encouragement to put much stock in
+bees, the way it looks now.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">D. W. Fletcher.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Lansingville, N. Y., Mar. 4, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Cyprians_Ahead" id="Cyprians_Ahead"></a>
+<b>Cyprians Ahead.</b>&mdash;Bees doing well;
+they are commencing to work on plum-bloom;
+they have brood in all stages.
+In an average of over 30 colonies of Cyprians,
+they are farther ahead in brood-rearing
+than the Italians. The latter
+have had the same chance as the former.
+Am very busy now, preparing
+for queen-rearing.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. H. P. Brown.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Augusta, Ga., March 2, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="An_Early_Season" id="An_Early_Season"></a>
+<b>An Early Season.</b>&mdash;I see from reports
+in our new Weekly <span class="smcap">Journal</span> that bees
+are dying throughout the north and
+west more than usual, from short stores
+and intense cold. I may say that
+we have had an unprecedented cold
+winter here, the thermometer at one
+time ranged, for a few hours, as low as
+18° above zero, but soon struggled back
+to about 2&#8729;5° below. Last fall our bees
+gathered a full supply of fall honey,
+and none will die from cold or starve
+out that are worth saving. The winter
+being wet, white clover is coming out
+very thick over the ground; maple, elm,
+plum and wild cherry are now in bloom,
+as well as heads of white clover that are
+pushing out their lovely forms to the
+genial sun. Bees usually work on white
+clover here by the 10th of this month;
+but this year our honey season will be
+much later. May the “new departure”
+prosper and lead us forward to perfection.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. W. Winder.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Thibodaux, La., Feb. 10, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[Mr. Winder enclosed us some white
+clover blossoms of this year's growth.
+The sight of the modest flowers is refreshing,
+while from our office windows
+the earth looks bleak and gloomy with
+its deep mantle of snow.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Bees_Gone_Back_on_Him" id="Bees_Gone_Back_on_Him"></a>
+<b>Gone back on him.</b>&mdash;I had 30 colonies
+of bees&mdash;most of them Italians&mdash;last
+fall, in Langstroth hives, packed in this
+way: The ends of my hives are double-walled,
+and the sides are made double
+in winter by the use of division boards,
+in place of 2 frames, leaving but 8
+frames. I then use a crate made of
+laths, which sets down around the hive
+so is to leave a space of about 8 inches
+for packing between it and the hive on
+the sides and back end. This space I
+fill with a packing of fine straw and
+leaves mixed, and packed hard when
+just a little damp. Then strips of board
+are fitted so as to protect the top of the
+straw from rain or snow; next a blanket
+over the frames and 6 inches of chaff
+over that, protected by the cap, in
+which are openings, so as to give free
+circulation of air above the chaff. The
+entrance is kept open enough for a good
+supply of air. In this way I have heretofore
+had good success in wintering on
+summer stands; but this winter it has
+gone back on me. Until last Saturday,
+the 5th inst., there has been no day
+warm enough for bees to fly for some
+months. Many did come out, even on
+the coldest days, but of course could
+live but a few moments out of the hive.
+I let them entirely alone, except to see
+that the entrances were free, until day
+before yesterday, when it was warm
+enough for bees to fly. I looked them
+over and found only twelve of them
+alive; only 4 of these are in good condition,
+the others are weak and the
+hives a good deal soiled. Now, what
+puzzles me is this. They were all, apparently,
+very nearly alike last October,
+and now 4 of them are in perfect condition
+while all the others were bad. Now,
+why the four exceptions out of 30? I
+am glad for them, but would like to understand
+the reason. Can you tell us,
+Mr. Editor? They have evidently not
+been cold, and have had plenty of honey.
+In the dead ones I have examined I find
+brood in a hatching state, with half or
+more of the cells empty, indicating
+that young bees had hatched. I attribute
+the disaster to long confinement,
+but why the 4 exceptions? I say amen
+to all the compliments you publish
+from your subscribers for the <span class="smcap">Bee
+Journal</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">D. K. Boutelle.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Lake City, Minn., March 7, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[Probably during some of the milder
+days of winter the bees became scattered
+in their hives, the weather suddenly
+changed, and they perished before
+they could form their cluster on
+honey, and thus starved.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="From_Florida" id="From_Florida"></a>
+<b>From Florida.</b>&mdash;The <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>
+is at hand; we do not know how we
+could do without it. The past has been
+a very good honey season here. We
+have 255 colonies of bees in Langstroth
+hives. Some are Italians&mdash;we like them
+as honey-gatherers, but they are crosser
+than our natives. We obtained 850
+gals. honey, and 500 lbs. wax. The latter
+we obtained from about 90 hives
+which we transferred. We think apiculture
+will pay here with good management.
+We extracted from one colony
+32 Langstroth frames well filled
+with honey. Our apiary is located on a
+“gum” swamp, 5 or 6 miles wide and
+15 or 20 miles long, which is our main
+honey source, and blooms from April
+15 till May 15; we also have many other
+honey producing flowers. We have a
+vine which grows in the swamps and
+yields a great deal of amber-colored
+honey. We inclose a sprig&mdash;please give
+the name.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Alderman &amp; Roberts.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Wewahitchka, Fla.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[The vine you send is commonly
+known as snow vine, and is quite
+abundant in several of the Southern
+States.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Feeding_Bees" id="Feeding_Bees"></a>
+<b>Bee Feeding.</b>&mdash;I have thus far used
+the “bag feeder,” of our friend Prof.
+Cook, with this addition: I have a long
+tin tube, shaped like the handle to a
+water-dipper, long enough to reach
+through the bag of chaff and empty
+into the bag; then, with the aid of a
+funnel, I can daily place the warm food
+within reach of the bees without disturbing
+them or letting out the heat&mdash;so
+precious in early spring to a depleted
+colony. Have never tried the Professor's
+“Perfection”&mdash;thought I saw
+objections to it. If any of our more
+experienced bee-keepers have devised
+a “better way,” please tell me through
+“our” <span class="smcap">Journal</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5">E. M. R.</p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Flint, Mich., March 4, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Introduced_a_Queen" id="Introduced_a_Queen"></a>
+<b>Introduced a Queen.</b>&mdash;Bad luck to bees
+in this valley of the Ohio. Of 32 colonies
+in Langstroth hives, 18 now remain,
+and the 4th day of March a perfect
+“blizzard” all day, so I fear I will
+lose more from spring dwindling. I
+found, one day in February, all the bees
+dead but two, and the queen nearly
+gone, in one hive, but plenty of honey.
+I had a queenless colony, and laid these
+3 bees on the frames to see if they would
+come to life; they became warm and
+crept down among the bees. The next
+warm spell I looked, and the yellow
+queen was safe among the black bees.
+A novel way to introduce a queen in
+February.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">G. W. Ashby.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Valley Station, Ky., March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Loss_of_Bees_88_per_cent" id="Loss_of_Bees_88_per_cent"></a>
+<b>Loss 88 per cent.</b>&mdash;The loss of bees
+in Wayne and Randolph counties is
+heavy&mdash;about 88 per cent. Our bees
+had a fly Feb. 26th, the first for 111 days.
+We have reports from 1400 colonies
+(November count) and March 1st finds
+them all dead but 171. The Italians
+have come through better than the
+blacks. Those packed in chaff on summer
+stands have wintered better than
+any other mode in this locality. There
+is a great call for bees here by parties
+that are wanting to start again. Our
+loss is 4 out of 15 colonies, all in chaff
+hives.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">M. G. Reynolds.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Williamsburg, Ind., March 7, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="First_Years_Experience" id="First_Years_Experience"></a>
+<b>First Year's Experience.</b>&mdash;Bees done
+poorly here last season. There was an
+abundance of bloom, but too much
+rain. I sowed 1 acre of buckwheat;
+while this lasted my bees stored more
+honey than at any other time in the
+season; I think it an excellent honey
+plant. Pumpkin blossoms yield considerable
+honey; would it pay to plant
+them all over a field of corn? My bees
+are packed in chaff, and they are all in
+good condition at present. They have
+not had a flight since the 1st of Nov.
+Success to the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>;
+I like it better than the Monthly.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Wm. Hagan.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Holly, Mich., Jan. 18, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[Pumpkin blossoms yield a rich, but
+strongly flavored honey; we think the
+pumpkins would be remunerative for
+their cultivation to feed to stock, and
+that the honey obtained from the blossoms
+would be a net profit.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Summer_a_Long_Way_Off" id="Summer_a_Long_Way_Off"></a>
+<b>Summer a long way off.</b>&mdash;This winter
+has been, so far, the most severe known
+for many years in this part of the
+State. Snow-storm has followed snow-storm,
+and cold spell has followed cold
+spell, until now there is more snow on
+the ground than we have had altogether
+for 6 or 7 years. And the poor bees!
+how have they fared through all the
+snow and cold? Badly, I fear from the
+reports I hear every few days; but so
+far as heard from, where they were
+properly cared for, either in cellar or on
+summer stands, they are doing quite
+well; but summer is a long way off.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">Harry G. Burnet.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Blairstown, Iowa, March 5, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="A_Little_Discouraged" id="A_Little_Discouraged"></a>
+<b>A Little Discouraged.</b>&mdash;I am a little
+discouraged this spring. I put 54 colonies
+into winter quarters last fall and
+now have but 23, and some of them are
+weak. Those in my bee-house suffered
+the worst. I had 20 colonies on the
+summer stands, packed with cut straw,
+and lost 6 of them by dysentery and
+starvation. If bees are strong in numbers
+and have plenty of honey, I can
+see that there is no danger of loss. Last
+season it was so dry here that the white
+clover dried up, and the bees could get
+but little honey, and what they did
+gather was very dark. I am glad to receive
+the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> weekly now;
+the news comes and seems so <em>fresh</em>. I
+hope it will be well supported.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. W. Rikie.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Mont Clair, N. J., March 6, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Why_Did_the_Bees_Die" id="Why_Did_the_Bees_Die"></a>
+<b>Why Did They Die?</b>&mdash;Last fall I put
+my bees into a dry cellar; some of them
+had 75 lbs. of honey, and in 4 or 5 weeks
+there were many dead bees. I cleaned
+them up but in a few weeks more they
+all died; what was the cause of this?
+Over 80 per cent. of all the bees in this
+vicinity are dead.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">R. L. Holman.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Springfield, Ohio, Feb. 19, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>[Your colonies were strong, had a
+large quantity of honey, and the cellar
+was too warm; they commenced breeding,
+became uneasy, and left their hives
+from disquietude.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><a name="Without_Loss" id="Without_Loss"></a>
+<b>Wintered Without Loss.</b>&mdash;I packed 41
+colonies and they are now all living,
+and nearly all appear to be in good condition.
+My bees are flying to-day.
+Many bee-keepers in this country have
+lost heavily, and are much disheartened.
+I hope to be able to make a good showing
+when I report again, say about
+May 1.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">J. J. Roe.</span></p>
+
+<p class="sig-left2">Buchanan, Mich., March 9, 1881.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter"><a id="Champlain_Valley"></a>
+<img src="images/i026.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h2 class="nobreak">CONVENTION NOTES<br /><br />
+<span class="smaller">Champlain Valley, Vt., Convention.</span></h2>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>This Association held its winter meeting
+at Brandon, Vt., on Jan. 20, 21, 1881.
+Pres. Crane in the chair. Col. H. H.
+Merritt gave an address of welcome, to
+which Pres. Crane replied, stating the
+object of the meeting and giving a
+brief narration of the ancient history
+of the honey bee, and of its improved
+management in the present age.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. A. E. Manum said success depended
+on the man and circumstances.
+The bee-keeper should be a person of
+even temperament&mdash;not easily excited&mdash;should
+be somewhat acquainted with
+botany; and recommended small section
+boxes, to hold not more than 2 lbs.
+Everything should be kept ready and in
+order. He gave an estimate of produce in
+a good season with Italian bees, and
+also a poor season like the past.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. O. C. Wait, of Georgia, said that
+experience had shown that bee-keeping
+was no mystery or sleight of hand, but a
+clear, plain, practical science. Bee-keepers
+were an intelligent, enterprising
+class of men; men of progress. No
+intelligent man would destroy his bees.</p>
+
+<p>After some discussion Mr. Manum exhibited
+some of his honey boxes, and
+explained their uses and advantages.</p>
+
+<p>Bees were advantageous in the orchard,
+and to the buckwheat crop, as he
+had satisfactorily demonstrated. Some
+doubts had been expressed to the value
+of the red clover blossom on account of
+the inability of the bee to reach the
+nectary; Italians have the advantage
+over black bees, because they are provided
+with greater length of proboscis.</p>
+
+<p>Pres. Crane said he had noticed bees
+working in red clover early and late in
+the season; bees will not work where
+they get no honey.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening, after a few preliminaries,
+Mr. E. A. Hasseltine read a sensible and
+witty poem on “Prospects
+and Retrospects,” which was well received
+by the audience.</p>
+
+<p>The talk on Sweets, by Prof. Seely,
+was a learned dissertation on the chemical
+properties and qualities of the various
+kinds of sweets that are offered
+in our markets. He exhibited over 20
+different kinds of sugar; spoke of the
+various substances from which sugar
+was extracted, as trees, plants, roots
+and fruits; some specimens would solidify
+sooner than others; sugar from cane,
+corn, beets and maple, were all of the
+same chemical formation.</p>
+
+<p>J. E. Crane spoke on the Individuality
+of Bees; there was a marked difference
+in the character of colonies, some
+were industrious, others not so; some
+prefer some kinds of flowers, others reject
+them; Italians dislike buckwheat,
+while black bees work well on it. Every
+colony has some peculiar character. He
+showed several samples of honey from
+different flowers, and explained their
+various qualities, and also exhibited
+specimens of bees from the Holy Land.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. F. Bond said that the Creator had
+placed the sweets in flowers to attract
+the bee, to carry out nature's laws, by
+carrying the fertilizing pollen to the unfertile
+flower, and thus showing a wise
+and beneficent Providence.</p>
+
+<p>On Friday, Jan. 21, after some preliminary
+business, the following were
+elected officers for the ensuing year:
+President, J. E. Crane; Vice-Presidents,
+H. L. Leonard, E. P. Wolcott, E. A.
+Hasseltine; Secretary and Treasurer,
+Hon. T. Brookins.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. O. C. Wait spoke of the bad condition
+he found honey in the Boston
+market, and of the manner of awarding
+premiums at fairs.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Manum remarked that it was important
+to have good queens, he advised
+all to raise their own; old queens were
+best to rear queens from, say 2 years old
+or more; it is best to rear queens in
+warm weather, when honey is plenty.</p>
+
+<p>The question “how to prevent bees
+from dwindling” Mr. Leonard answered
+thus: In this case as in all other ills to
+which bee-keepers are heir to, keep the
+colony strong and healthy. Mr. Leonard
+read an essay on “Bee-culture for
+Women,” giving instances of marked
+success. He said women in Vermont
+were as capable and had as good facilities
+as in any part of the country, and
+would succeed as well, if attended to.</p>
+
+<p>Adjourned to meet at Bristol, Vt.,
+in May next.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="smcap">T. Brookins</span>, <em>Sec.</em></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak">Local Convention Directory.</h3>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<table summary="Convention directory">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">1881.</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl"><em>Time and Place of Meeting.</em></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">April</td>
+<td class="tdl">2 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">S. W. Iowa, at Corning, Iowa.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">5 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Central Kentucky, at Winchester, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wm. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">7 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Union Association, at Eminence, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E. Drane, Sec. pro tem., Eminence, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">7 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">N. W. Ohio, at Delta, Ohio.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">13&mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">N. W. Missouri, at St. Joseph, Mo.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D. G. Parker, Pres., St. Joseph, Mo.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">May</td>
+<td class="tdl">4 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Tuscarawas and Muskingum Valley, at Cambridge, Guernsey Co., O.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J. A. Bucklew, Sec., Clarks, O.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">5 &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Central Michigan, at Lansing, Mich.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">10&mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. M. Bean, Sec., McGrawville, N. Y.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">11&mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">S. W. Wisconsin, at Darlington, Wis.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N. E. France, Sec., Platteville, Wis.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sept. </td>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash; &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">National, at Lexington, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&mdash; &mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Kentucky State, at Louisville, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Oct.</td>
+<td class="tdl">18&mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdl">Ky. State, in Exposition B'd'g, Louisville, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W. Williamson, Sec., Lexington, Ky.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> In order to have this Table complete, Secretaries
+are requested to forward full particulars of time
+and place of future meetings.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak">CLUBBING LIST.</h3>
+
+<p>We supply the Weekly <b>American Bee Journal</b>
+and any of the following periodicals, for 1881, at the
+prices quoted in the last column of figures. The
+first column gives the regular price of both:</p>
+
+<table summary="clubbing list">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><em>Publishers' Price.</em></td>
+<td class="tdr"><em>Club.</em></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The Weekly Bee Journal (T. G. Newman)</td>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">$2 00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">and Gleanings in Bee-Culture (A. I. Root)</td>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 00</td>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 75</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+
+<td class="tdl">Bee-Keepers' Magazine (A. J. King)</td>
+<td class="tdr">3 00</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 60</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bee-Keepers' Exchange (J. H. Nellis)</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 75</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 50</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The 4 above-named papers</td>
+<td class="tdr">4 75</td>
+<td class="tdr">3 75</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bee-Keepers' Instructor (W. Thomas)</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 50</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bee-Keepers' Guide (A. G. Hill)</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 50</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The 6 above-named papers</td>
+<td class="tdr">5 75</td>
+<td class="tdr">5 00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Prof. Cook's Manual (bound in cloth)</td>
+<td class="tdr">3 25</td>
+<td class="tdr">3 00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bee-Culture (T. G. Newman)</td>
+<td class="tdr"> 2 40</td>
+<td class="tdr">2 25</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>For Semi-monthly Bee Journal, $1.00 less.<br />
+For Monthly Bee Journal, $1.50 less.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak">Honey and Beeswax Market.</h3>
+
+<p class="center smaller">BUYERS' QUOTATIONS.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="center">CHICAGO.</p>
+
+<p>HONEY.&mdash;The market is plentifully supplied with
+honey, and sales are slow at weak, easy prices. Quotable
+at 18@20c. for strictly choice white comb in 1
+and 2 lb. boxes; at 14@16c. for fair to good in large
+packages, and at 10@12c. for common dark-colored
+and broken lots.&mdash;<cite>Chicago Times.</cite></p>
+
+<p>BEESWAX.&mdash;Choice yellow, 20@24c; dark, 15@17c.<br /><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">NEW YORK.</p>
+
+<p>HONEY.&mdash;Best white comb honey, small neat
+packages, 17@18c.; fair do., 15@16c.; dark do., 12@13c.;
+large boxes sell for about 2c. under above. White
+extracted, 9@10c.; dark, 7@8c.; southern strained,
+80@85c.</p>
+
+<p>BEESWAX.&mdash;Prime quality, 20@23c.<br /><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">CINCINNATI.</p>
+
+<p>HONEY.&mdash;The market for extracted clover honey
+is very good, and in demand at 11c. for the best, and
+8@9c. for basswood and dark honey. Comb honey
+is of slow sale at 16c. for the best.</p>
+
+<p>BEESWAX.&mdash;18@24c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="smcap"><b>C. F. Muth.</b></span><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">SAN FRANCISCO.</p>
+
+<p>HONEY.&mdash;Extracted is in large supply for the season,
+and purchasers for round lots difficult to find,
+except at extremely low prices. We quote white
+comb, 12@15c.; dark to good, 10@11c. Extracted,
+choice to extra white, 6@6½c.; dark and candied,
+5@5½c.</p>
+
+<p>BEESWAX.&mdash;21@22½c., as to color.<br /></p>
+
+<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Stearns &amp; Smith</span>, 423 Front Street.<br />
+San Francisco, Cal., March 4, 1881.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak">SPECIAL NOTICES.</h3>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Constitutions and By-Laws for
+local Associations $2 per 100. The name
+of the Association printed in the blanks
+for 50 cents extra.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> “What is the meaning of ‘Dec.
+81’ after my name on the direction-label
+of my paper?” This question
+has been asked by several, and to save
+answering each one, let us here say: It
+means that you have paid for the full
+year, or until “Dec. 31, 1881.” “June
+81” means that the first half of the
+year is paid for, up to “July 1st.” Any
+other month, the same.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We will send sample copies to any
+who feel disposed to make up clubs for
+1881. There are persons keeping bees
+in every neighborhood who would be
+benefited by reading the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>,
+and by using a little of the personal influence
+possessed by almost every one,
+a club can be gotten up in every neighborhood
+in America. Farmers have
+had large crops, high prices, and a good
+demand for all the products of the
+farm, therefore can well afford to add
+the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> to their list of
+papers for 1881.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hundreds of Men, Women and Children</span>
+rescued from beds of pain, sickness
+and almost death and made strong and
+hearty by Parker's Ginger Tonic are the
+best evidences in the world of its sterling
+worth. You can find these in every community.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Post.</span>
+See advertisement. 9w4t</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span>When changing a post office address,
+mention the <em>old</em> address as well as the new one.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We have prepared Ribbon Badges
+for bee-keepers, on which are printed a large bee in gold. Price 10 cents each,
+or $8.00 per hundred.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The Volume of the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>
+for 1880, bound in stiff paper covers, will be sent by mail, for $1.50.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Notices and advertisements intended
+for the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>
+must reach this office by Friday of the week previous.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Instead of sending silver money in
+letters, procure 1, 2 or 3 cent stamps. We can use them, and it is safer to send
+such than silver.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ladies who Appreciate Elegance</span>
+and purity are using Parker's Hair Balsam.
+It is the best article sold for restoring gray
+hair to its original color and beauty.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> The date following the name on
+the wrapper label of this paper indicates
+the time to which you have paid. In
+making remittances, <em>always</em> send by
+postal order, registered letter, or by
+draft on Chicago or New York. Drafts
+on other cities, and local checks, are not
+taken by the banks in this city except
+at a discount of 25c., to pay expense of
+collecting them.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Premiums.</span>&mdash;For a club of 2, <em>weekly</em>
+we will give a copy of “Bee-Culture;”
+for a club of 5, <em>weekly</em>, we will give a
+copy of “Cook's Manual,” bound in
+cloth; for a club of 6, we give a copy of
+the <span class="smcap">Journal</span> for a year <em>free</em>. Do not
+forget that it will pay to devote a few
+hours to the <span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Sample copies of the Weekly
+<span class="smcap">Bee Journal</span> will be sent <em>free</em> to any
+names that may be sent in. Any one
+intending to get up a club can have
+sample copies sent to the persons they
+desire to interview, by sending the
+names to this office.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Any one desiring to get a copy of
+the Constitution and By-Laws of the
+National Society, can do so by sending
+a stamp to this office to pay postage. If
+they desire to become members, a fee
+of $1.00 should accompany it, and the
+name will be duly recorded. This notice
+is given at the request of the Executive
+Committee.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> It would save us much trouble, if
+all would be particular to give their P.O.
+address and name, when writing to
+this office. We have several letters
+(some inclosing money) that have no
+name. Many others having no Postoffice,
+County or State. Also, if you
+live near one post office and get your
+mail at another, be sure to give the address
+we have on our list.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> At the Chicago meeting of the National
+Society we were requested to get
+photographs of the leading apiarists, to
+sell to those who wanted them. We can
+now supply the following at 25 cents
+each: Dzierzon, the Baron of Berlepsch,
+and Langstroth. The likeness
+of Mr. Langstroth we have copied, is one
+furnished by his daughter, who says,
+“it is the only one ever taken when he
+was in good health and spirits.” We
+are glad to be able to secure one of such
+a satisfactory nature.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We have filled orders for quite a
+number of Binders for the Weekly <span class="smcap">Bee
+Journal</span>. We put the price low, 30
+per cent. less than any one else could
+afford to sell them, for we get them by
+the quantity at wholesale and sell them
+at just enough to cover the cost and
+postage, the latter being 21 to 23 cents,
+on each. We do this to induce as many
+as possible to get them, and preserve
+their Weekly numbers. They are exceedingly
+convenient; the <span class="smcap">Journal</span>
+being always bound and handy for
+reference. The directions for binding
+are sent with each one.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2 class="nobreak"><span class="xxlarge">Books for Bee-Keepers.</span></h2>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p><b>Cook's Manual of the Apiary.</b>&mdash;Entirely rewritten,
+greatly enlarged and elegantly illustrated,
+and is fully up with the times on every conceivable
+subject that interests the apiarist. It is not only instructive,
+but intensely interesting and thoroughly
+practical. The book is a masterly production, and
+one that no bee-keeper, however limited his means,
+can afford to do without. Cloth, <b>$1.25</b>; paper covers,
+=$1.00=, postpaid. Per dozen, by express, cloth,
+$12.; paper, $9.50.</p>
+
+<p><b>Quinby's New Bee-Keeping</b>, by L. C. Root.&mdash;The
+author has treated the subject of bee-keeping
+in a manner that cannot fall to interest all. Its style
+is plain and forcible, making all its readers sensible
+of the fact that the author is really the master of the
+subject. Price, <b>$1.50</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Novice's A B C of Bee-Culture</b>, by A. I. Root.&mdash;
+This embraces “everything pertaining to the care of
+the honey-bee,” and is valuable to beginners and
+those more advanced. Cloth, <b>$1.25</b>; paper, <b>$1.00</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>King's Bee-Keepers' Text-Book</b>, by A. J.
+King.&mdash;This edition is revised and brought down to
+the present time. Cloth, <b>$1.00</b>; paper, <b>75c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee.</b>
+This is a standard scientific work. Price, <b>$2.00</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blessed Bees</b>, by John Allen.&mdash;A romance of
+bee-keeping, full of practical information and contagious
+enthusiasm. Cloth, <b>$1.00</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bee-Culture; or Successful Management
+of the Apiary</b>, by Thomas G. Newman.&mdash;This
+pamphlet embraces the following subjects: The Location
+of the Apiary&mdash;Honey Plants&mdash;Queen Rearing&mdash;
+Feeding&mdash;Swarming&mdash;Dividing&mdash;
+Transferring&mdash;Italianizing&mdash;Introducing
+Queens&mdash;Extracting&mdash;Quieting
+and Handling Bees&mdash;The Newest Method of Preparing
+Honey for Market, etc. It is published in <b>English</b>
+and <b>German</b>. Price for either edition, <b>40
+cents</b>, postpaid, or $3.00 per dozen.</p>
+
+<p><b>Food Adulteration</b>; What we eat and should
+not eat. This book should be in every family, where
+it ought to create a sentiment against the adulteration
+of food products, and demand a law to protect
+consumers against the many health-destroying adulterations
+offered as food. 200 pages. Paper, <b>50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Dzierzon Theory</b>;&mdash;presents the fundamental
+principles of bee-culture, and furnishes a
+condensed statement of the facts and arguments by
+which they are demonstrated. Price, <b>15 cents</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Honey, as Food and Medicine</b>, by Thomas G.
+Newman.&mdash;This is a pamphlet of 24 pages, discoursing
+upon the Ancient History of Bees and Honey; the
+nature, quality, sources, and preparation of Honey
+for the Market; Honey as an article of food, giving
+recipes for making Honey Cakes, Cookies, Puddings,
+Foam, Wines, &amp;c.; and Honey as Medicine, followed
+by many useful Recipes. It is intended for consumers,
+and should be scattered by thousands all over
+the country, and thus assist in creating a demand for
+honey. Published in <b>English</b> and <b>German</b>. Price
+for either edition, <b>6c.</b>; per dozen, <b>5Oc.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Wintering Bees.</b>&mdash;This pamphlet contains all
+the Prize Essays on this important subject that were
+read before the Centennial Bee-Keepers' Association.
+The Prize&mdash;$25 in gold&mdash;was awarded to Prof.
+Cook's Essay, which is given in full. Price, <b>10c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Bees and their Management.</b> This pamphlet
+was issued by the Italian Bee Company, and has had
+a large circulation. The price has been reduced from
+20 cents to <b>10 cents</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Hive I Use</b>.&mdash;Being a description of the hive
+used by G. M. Doolittle. Price, <b>5c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Kendall's Horse Book.</b>&mdash;No book can be more
+useful to horse owners. It has 35 engravings, illustrating
+positions of sick horses, and treats all diseases
+in a plain and comprehensive manner. It has a large
+number of good recipes, a table of doses, and much
+other valuable horse information. Paper, <b>25c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Chicken Cholera</b>, by A. J. Hill.&mdash;A treatise on its
+cause, symptoms and cure. Price, <b>25c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Moore's Universal Assistant</b> contains information
+on every conceivable subject, as well as receipts
+for almost everything that could be desired.
+We doubt if any one could be induced to do without
+it, after having spent a few hours in looking it
+through. It contains 480 pages, and 500 engravings.
+Cloth, <b>$2.50</b>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ropp's Easy Calculator.</b>&mdash;These are handy
+tables for all kinds of merchandise and interest. It
+is really a lightning calculator, nicely bound, with
+slate and pocket for papers. In cloth, <b>$1.00</b>; Morocco,
+<b>$1.50</b>. Cheap edition, without slate, <b>50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Sent by mail on receipt of price, by</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></span></p>
+<p class="sig2">974 West Madison Street, <b>Chicago, Ill.</b>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="xxlarge center">Binders for the Bee Journal</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i029.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">EMERSON'S<br />PAT. BINDER<br /><br />
+FOR MUSIC &amp;<br />PERIODICALS</p>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> <b>Binders for the Weekly Bee Journal,
+of 1881</b>, cloth and paper, <b>postpaid, 85 cents</b>.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>We can furnish Emerson's Binders, gilt lettered on
+the back, for <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span> for <b>1890</b>,
+at the following prices, postage paid:</p>
+
+<table summary="Bee Journal">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cloth and paper, each&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">50c.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Leather and cloth</td>
+<td class="tdr">75c.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> We can also furnish the Binder for any Paper
+or Magazine desired.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></span></p>
+<p class="sig2">974 West Madison Street, <b>Chicago, Ill.</b>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><b>HONEY WANTED.</b>&mdash;I desire to purchase several
+barrels of dark extracted honey, and a few
+of light; also, Comb Honey. Those having any for
+sale are invited to correspond, giving particulars.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>ALFRED H. NEWMAN,</b></span></p>
+<p class="sig2">972 West Madison street, <b>CHICAGO ILL.</b></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL,
+AND BEE-KEEPER'S ADVISER.</p>
+
+<p>The <cite>British Bee Journal</cite> is published monthly at
+$1.75, and contains the best practical information for
+the time being, showing what to do, and when and
+how to do it.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>C. N. ABBOTT</b></span>, Bee Master.</p>
+<p class="sig2">School of Apiculture, Fairlawn, Southall, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">THE AMERICAN<br />
+BEE JOURNAL
+</p>
+
+<div class="center">ESTABLISHED<br />
+IN 1861<br />
+<br />
+
+OLDEST BEE PAPER<br />
+IN AMERICA
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center large"><b>RATES FOR ADVERTISING.</b></p>
+
+<p>A line will contain about <b>eight words</b>; fourteen
+lines will occupy one inch of space.</p>
+
+<table summary="rates">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">One to three</td>
+<td class="tdl"> weeks,</td>
+<td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdc"> each</td>
+<td class="tdl"> insertion,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><b>20</b>&nbsp;cts.</td>
+<td class="tdc">per line.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Four</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">or more</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdl"><b>18</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; "</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Eight</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdl"><b>15</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; "</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thirteen</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdl"><b>12</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; "</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Twenty-six</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdl"><b>10</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; "</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fifty-two</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+<td class="tdl">&nbsp; <b>8</b>&nbsp;&nbsp; "</td>
+<td class="tdc">"</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center">Special Notices, 50 cents per line.</p>
+
+<p>Advertisements withdrawn before the expiration
+of the contract, will be charged the full rate for the
+time the advertisement is inserted.</p>
+
+<p>Transient Advertisements payable in advance.&mdash;Yearly
+Contracts payable quarterly, in advance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The American Bee Journal</span> is the oldest Bee
+Paper in America, and has a large circulation in
+every State, Territory and Province, among farmers,
+mechanics, professional and business men, and is
+therefore the best advertising medium for reliable
+dealers. Cases of <em>real</em> imposition will be exposed.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5"><span class="large"><b>THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</b></span></p>
+<p class="sig2">974 West Madison Street, <b>Chicago, Ill.</b>
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2><a name="Contents_of_this_Number" id="Contents_of_this_Number">Contents of this Number.</a></h2>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p class="p3"><b>Correspondence:</b></p>
+
+<table summary="index">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pure Liquid Honey in Glass Jars</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Pure_Liquid_Honey">81</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Colchian Honey</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Colchian_Honey">81</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Combined Winter and Summer Stands</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Combined_Winter_and_Summer_Stands">81</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Foul Brood and Its Causes</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Foul_Brood_and_Its_Causes">81</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">History of the Early Importation of Italian Bees&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Early_Importation_of_Italian_Bees">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Good Way to Promote Bee-Keeping</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Good_Way_to_Promote_BeeKeeping">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Do Bees Injure Fruit?</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Do_Bees_Injure_Fruit">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Remarkable Tardiness in Fecundity</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Remarkable_Tardiness_in_Fecundity">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Honey-Producing in California</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#HoneyProducing_in_California">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bee Men to the Front&mdash;Adulteration</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bee_Men_to_the_Front_Adulteration">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">How to Prevent Robbing</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#How_to_Prevent_Robbing">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">The In-and-In-Breeding of Bees</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#The_In_and_InBreeding_of_Bees">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Killed by Kindness</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Killed_by_Kindness">83</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="p3"><b>Editorial:</b></p>
+
+<table summary="editorial">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Editorial Items</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Editorial_Items">84</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Watchman! Tell us of the Night&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Watchman_Tell_us_of_the_Night">84</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Migratory Bee-Keeping</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Migratory_BeeKeeping">84</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Interesting Letter from Ceylon</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Interesting_Letter_from_Ceylon">84</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="p3"><b>Selections from Our Letter Box:</b></p>
+
+<table summary="letters">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees Wintered Well</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Wintered_Well">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mortality Reports</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Mortality_Reports">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nineteen Weeks' Confinement&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Nineteen_Weeks_Confinement">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wintered Safely</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Wintered_Safely">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">A Slim Living</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#A_Slim_Living">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Honey Sections</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Honey_Sections">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees in Good Condition</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_in_Good_Condition">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wintered Without Loss</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Wintered_Without_Loss">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mourning for the Bees</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Mourning_for_the_Bees">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wintering</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Wintering">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Selling Honey, Vexatious</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Vexatious_to_Sell_Honey">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Prospects Better</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Prospects_Better">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees All Alive</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_All_Alive">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Winter Yet in Kentucky</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Winter_yet_in_Kentucky">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">No Surplus nor Increase</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#No_Surplus_nor_Increase">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Great Loss of Bees</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Great_Loss_of_Bees">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dead Bees in the Cells</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Dead_Bees_in_the_Cells">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Making Progress</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Making_Progress">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Not Discouraged</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Not_Discouraged">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Paris Green</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Paris_Green">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees in Prime Condition</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_in_Prime_Condition">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Progressing</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Progressing">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lost but 4 out of 283</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Lost_but_4_out_of_273">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Moldy Combs, etc</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Moldy_Combs_etc">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Palestine Bees</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Palestine_Bees">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Honey as Medicine</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Honey_as_Medicine">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gathering Pollen</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Gathering_Pollen">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Anxious for Spring</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Anxious_for_Spring">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees Died of Disease</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Died_of_Disease">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cyprian Bees Ahead</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Cyprians_Ahead">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">An Early Season</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#An_Early_Season">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bees Gone Back on Him</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Bees_Gone_Back_on_Him">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Snow Vine as a Honey Plant</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#From_Florida">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Feeding Bees</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Feeding_Bees">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Introducing a Queen</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Introduced_a_Queen">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Loss of Bees 88 per cent.</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Loss_of_Bees_88_per_cent">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">First Year's Experience</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#First_Years_Experience">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Summer a Long Way Off</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Summer_a_Long_Way_Off">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">A Little Discouraged</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#A_Little_Discouraged">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Why Did the Bees Die?</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Why_Did_the_Bees_Die">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wintered Without Loss</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Without_Loss">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="p3"><b>Conventions:</b></p>
+
+<table summary="conventions">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Champlain Valley, Vt., Convention&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Champlain_Valley">87</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i001c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center xxlarge">15 One-Cent Stamps</p>
+
+<p class="center">Will pay for our exhaustive pamphlet on raising,<br />
+handling and marketing extracted honey.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xlarge">COLONIES</span><br />
+WITH<br />
+<span class="xxlarge"><b>Imported Cyprian and Italian Queens</b>,</span><br />
+Of our own Importation,<br />
+<span class="large">GUARANTEED PURE AND GENUINE.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center">Our Comb Foundation was awarded the diploma<br />
+at the North-Eastern Bee-Keepers' Convention held<br />
+in February.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center xlarge">Smokers, Knives, Extractors, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Price List, with 3 samples of Comb Foundation, free.</p>
+
+<p class="center">CHAS. DADANT &amp; SON,</p>
+
+<p class="center">9smtf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ill.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xxxlarge">THE CANADIAN FARMER</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">THE ONLY<br />
+
+<span class="xlarge">Agricultural Weekly</span><br />
+
+PUBLISHED IN THE<br />
+<br />
+<span class="xlarge">DOMINION OF CANADA.</span></p>
+
+<p>This practical journal is now in its <b>Third Year</b>,
+and meeting with immense success. The low price
+of its subscription ($1.00 per year) in its new and improved
+form (16 pages 13½ x 10½, folded and pasted)
+makes it very popular. Its editors are all practical
+men. It is the <b>Best Advertising Medium</b> in
+Canada. Sample copies sent free to any address.</p>
+
+<p class="center">11w26tx&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<b>N. B. COLCOCK</b>, Welland, Ont.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xlarge">FRANCES DUNHAM,</span><br />
+Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the<br />
+<span class="large">DUNHAM</span><br />
+<span class="xxxlarge">FOUNDATION</span><br />
+<span class="large">MACHINE,</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i031a.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">
+DUNHAM<br />
+FOUNDATION<br />
+MACHINE<br />
+<br />
+PATENT APPLIED FOR<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">AND DUNHAM</span><br />
+<span class="xxlarge">COMB FOUNDATION,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="xlarge">☞</span> New Circular and Samples free. <span class="xlarge">☜</span><br />
+<br />
+</p>
+<p class="xlarge">FRANCES DUNHAM,<br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">1sm6m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="large">DEPERE, BROWN CO., WIS.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">FLAT-BOTTOM COMB FOUNDATION,</span><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<img src="images/i031b.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>high side-walls, 4 to 16 square feet to<br />
+the pound. Circular and samples free.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="large">J. VAN DEUSEN &amp; SONS,</span><br />
+Sole Manufacturers,<br />
+11tf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N. Y.</p>
+
+<div class="topspace2">&nbsp;</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="drop-cap"><span class="xlarge">B</span>ASSWOOD AND TULIP TREES, from<br />
+1 to 8 feet in height, nursery grown. The 2 best<br />
+HONEY PRODUCING TREES KNOWN, at low prices.</p>
+
+<p class="center">10w4t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+A. BATTLES, Girard, Pa.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">BARNES' PATENT</span><br />
+<span class="xxlarge">Foot-Power Machinery</span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<img src="images/i031c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+CIRCULAR and<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SCROLL SAWS
+</p>
+
+<p>Hand, Circular Rip Saws for general
+heavy and light ripping.
+Lathes, &amp;c. These machines are
+especially adapted to <b>Hive
+Making</b>. It will pay every bee-keeper
+to send for our 48 page
+Illustrated Catalogue.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sig-left4">W. F. &amp; JOHN BARNES</span><br />
+Rockford, Winnebago Co., Ill.<br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="topspace2">&nbsp;</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">Given's Foundation Press.</p>
+
+<div class="center">The latest improvement in Foundation. Our thin<br />
+and common Foundation is not surpassed. The only<br />
+invention to make Foundation in the wired frame.<br />
+All Presses warranted to give satisfaction. Send for<br />
+Catalogue and Samples.
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">1wly&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+D. S. GIVEN, Hoopeston, Ill.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">Be SURE</p>
+
+<p>To send a postal card for our Illustrated Catalogue
+of Apiarian Supplies before purchasing elsewhere.
+It contains illustrations and descriptions of everything
+new and valuable needed in an apiary, at the
+lowest prices. Italian, Cyprian and Holy Land
+Queens and Bees.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5">J. C. &amp; H. P. SAYLES,</p>
+<p class="center">2eow15t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Hartford, Wis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i031d.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">WILBOR'S COMPOUND OF<br />
+PURE COD LIVER<br />
+OIL AND LIME.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wilbor's Cod-Liver Oil and Lime.</b>&mdash;Persons
+who have been taking Cod-Liver Oil will be pleased
+to learn that Dr. Wilbor has succeeded, from directions
+of several Professional gentlemen, in combining
+the pure Oil and Lime in such a manner that it is
+pleasant to the taste, and its effects in Lung complaints
+are truly wonderful. Very many persons
+whose cases were pronounced hopeless, and who had
+taken the clear Oil for a long time without marked
+effect, have been entirely cured by using this preparation.
+Be sure and get the genuine. Manufactured
+only by <span class="smcap">A. B. Wilbor</span>, Chemist, Boston. Sold by all
+druggists.</p>
+
+<p class="sig5">llw4t</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i031e.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<p>A full variety of all kinds, including Melilot, Alsike
+and White Clover, Mammoth Mignonette, &amp;c. For
+prices and instructions for planting see my Illustrated
+Catalogue,&mdash;sent free upon application.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>ALFRED H. NEWMAN,</b></p>
+<p class="center">972 West Madison St.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="smcap">Chicago, Ill.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="center xxxxxlarge">FEEDERS</span><br />
+Now is the time to make preparations<br />
+for Spring Feeding.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i032a.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Shuck's Feeder may be placed at the entrance of
+the hive, any time of the day, without danger from
+robbers; feed much or little as may be desired; feed
+can only be reached by the bees from the inside of
+the hive. Price, by mail, postpaid, 30 cents. By express,
+25 cents each, or $2.40 per dozen. Special
+rates on large quantities.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i032b.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Novice's Simplicity Feeder is made in two sizes, at
+the following prices: 5c. for the pint and 10c. for the
+quart feeder, or per dozen, 50c. for the small and
+$1.00 for the large, by express. If sent by mail, twice
+the above prices.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+Kretchmer's, by mail ..... 35c.<br />
+Van Deusen's, by mail .... 75c.</p>
+
+<p>I will mail my Illustrated Catalogue and Price List
+<span class="smcap">FREE</span>, upon application, to any address. All orders
+for Bee-Keepers' Supplies will be promptly filled.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">ALFRED H. NEWMAN,</span><br /></p>
+<p class="center">972 West Madison St.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="smcap">Chicago, Ill.</span>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xxlarge">THE ORIGINAL</p>
+
+<p class="center">Patented Jan. 9, 1878, and May, 1879; Re-issued<br />
+July 9, 1878.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<img src="images/i032c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>If you buy a Bingham
+Smoker, or a Bingham &amp;
+Hetherington Honey Knife
+you are sure of the best
+and cheapest, and not liable
+to prosecution for their
+use and sale. The largest
+bee-keepers use them exclusively.
+Twenty thousand
+in use&mdash;not one ever
+returned, or letter of complaint
+received. Our original
+patent Smokers and
+Honey Knives were the
+only ones on exhibition at
+the last National Bee-Keepers'
+Convention, 1880.
+Time sifts the wheat from
+the chaff. Pretensions are
+short-lived.</p>
+
+<p>The Large and Extra
+Standard have extra wide
+shields to prevent burning
+the fingers and bellows.
+A real Improvement.</p>
+
+<p>Send postal card for testimonials.<br /><br /></p>
+
+<table summary="smokers">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bingham &amp; Hetherington Honey Knife</td>
+<td class="tdl">2</td>
+<td class="tdl">in.,</td>
+<td class="tdr">$1 00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Large Bingham Smoker</td>
+<td class="tdl">2½</td>
+<td class="tdc"> "</td>
+<td class="tdr">1 50</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Extra Standard Bingham Smoker</td>
+<td class="tdl">2</td>
+<td class="tdc"> "</td>
+<td class="tdr">1 25</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plain Standard Bingham Smoker</td>
+<td class="tdl">2</td>
+<td class="tdc"> "</td>
+<td class="tdr">1 00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Little Wonder Bingham Smoker</td>
+<td class="tdl">1¾</td>
+<td class="tdc"> "</td>
+<td class="tdr">  75</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>If to be sent by mail, or singly by express, add 25c.
+each, to prepay postage or express charges.</p>
+
+<p>To sell again, apply for dozen or half-dozen rates.</p>
+
+<p>Address,</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">BINGHAM &amp; HETHERINGTON,</span><br /></p>
+<p class="center">9wtf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="smcap">OTSEGO, MICH.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xxxxxlarge">FREE!</p>
+
+<p class="center">We wish to obtain 25,000 New Subscribers to</p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">THE FLORAL MONTHLY</p>
+
+<p class="center">during the next few months, and we propose<br />
+to give to every reader of this paper</p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">50c. worth of Choice Flower Seed.</p>
+
+<p>Our offer is to send Free of Cost, 50 cents' worth of
+Choice Flower Seeds to each and every one who will
+send us 25 two cent postage stamps for the <span class="large"><b>FLORAL
+MONTHLY</b></span> one year. Seeds sent free
+by return mail. Specimen copies free. Address.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">W. E. MORTON &amp; CO., FLORISTS,</span><br />
+615 Congress Street, Portland, Me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="xlarge">☞</span> Natural Flowers preserved to last for years.<br />
+9w4t</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xxxxxlarge">It will Pay you</span></p>
+
+<p class="xlarge">To read our forty page Catalogue of
+Apiarian Supplies. It gives the latest
+information about the best appliances
+and methods pertaining to</p>
+
+<p class="center xxlarge">Profitable Bee Culture</p>
+
+<p class="xlarge">Sent free to all who send us their names
+and addresses, <em>plainly written</em>, upon a
+postal card. Address</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="large">H. A. BURCH &amp; CO.,</span><br /></p>
+<p class="center">9wtf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+South Haven, Mich.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xxlarge"><span class="gesperrt">R. A. BURNETT.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">Successor to Conner, Burnett &amp; Co.,</p>
+<p class="sig10">165 South Water Street, Chicago, Ill.,</p>
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">GENERAL PRODUCE COMMISSION.</p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">HONEY A SPECIALTY.</p>
+
+<p>We ask you to correspond with us before disposing
+of your HONEY CROP, as we can be of much service,
+having constant intelligence from all parts of the
+country. We would refer to <span class="smcap">James Heddon</span>, Dowagiac,
+Mich., and <span class="smcap">J. Oatman &amp; Sons</span>, Dundee, Ill.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">1w1y</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i033a.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">
+GOOD WORK<br />
+AT FAIR PRICES.<br />
+<br />
+HALLOCK &amp; CHANDLER<br />
+WOOD ENGRAVERS<br />
+&amp; Electrotypers<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">167 Dearborn St.</span><br />
+CHICAGO<br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="p2">1w1y</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="smcap">Rev. A. Salisbury.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1881.</b>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">J. V. Caldwell.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">SALISBURY &amp; CALDWELL,<br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">Camargo, Douglas County. Ill.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+<img src="images/i033b.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Warranted Italian Queens, $1.00; Tested Italian
+Queens, $2.00; Cyprian Queens, $2.00;
+Tested Cyprian Queens, $4.00; 1 frame
+Nucleus, Italians, $4.00; 1 frame Nucleus,
+Cyprians, $5.00; Colony of Italians,
+8 frames, $5.00; Colony of Cyprians,
+8 frames, $10.00. Wax worked
+10c. per lb. Pure Comb Foundation,
+on Dunham Machine, 25 lbs. or over,
+35c. per lb.<br />
+&#9758; Send for Circular.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="sig2">1w1y<br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="topspace2">
+<hr class="full" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xxxxlarge">Florida Land&mdash;640 Acres.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xxlarge">☞ CHEAP FOR CASH. ☜</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Description.</span>&mdash;Sec. 4, township 7, south range 7
+west, Franklin county, Florida, situated about 50 miles
+south of the Georgia line, 25 miles west of the city of
+Tallahassee, the capital of the State, and about 25
+miles northeast of the city of Apalachicola, a seaport
+on the Gulf of Mexico, and within 2 sections (5
+and 6) of the Apalachicola river; the soil is a rich,
+sandy loam, covered with timber.</p>
+
+<p>It was conveyed on Dec. 31st, 1875, by Col. Alexander
+McDonald, who owned 6 sections, including the
+above, to J. M. Murphy, for $3,200, and on Sept. 5th,
+1877, by him conveyed to the undersigned for $3,000.
+The title is perfect, and it is unincumbered, as shown
+by an abstract from the Records of the county, duly
+attested by the County Clerk; the taxes are all paid
+and the receipts are in my possession.</p>
+
+<p>I will sell the above at a bargain for cash, or trade
+for a small farm, or other desirable property. An offer
+for it is respectfully solicited. Address,</p>
+
+<p class="sig5 xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</p>
+<p class="sig2">974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="xxxlarge">SUPPLIES FOR THE APIARY,</span><br />
+<span class="xlarge">FOR 1881.</span></p>
+
+<p>It is to every person's interest, when they wish to
+purchase anything, to go where they can get the most
+for their money. State on a postal card just what
+you want, and we will let you know by return mail
+what we will furnish it for. No Circulars. Address,</p>
+
+<p class="center">2wtf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="large"><b>HIRAM ROOP</b>,</span>
+Carson City, Mich.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center xlarge"><b>65</b> <em>ENGRAVINGS</em>.</p>
+
+<p class="center xxxxxlarge">The Horse</p>
+
+<p class="center xxxlarge">BY B. J. KENDALL, M. D.</p>
+
+<p><b>A TREATISE</b> giving an index of diseases, and
+the symptoms; cause and treatment of each, a table
+giving all the principal drugs used for the horse, with
+the ordinary dose, effects and antidote when a poison;
+a table with an engraving of the horse's teeth
+at different ages, with rules for telling the age of the
+horse; a valuable collection of recipes, and much
+valuable information.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Price 25 cents.</b>&mdash;Sent on receipt of price, by</p>
+
+<p class="sig5 xlarge">THOMAS G. NEWMAN,</p>
+<p class="sig2">974 West Madison Street, CHICAGO, ILL.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="adborder">
+<p class="center xxlarge">PARKER'S GINGER TONIC</p>
+
+<p><b>Ginger</b>, <b>Bucha</b>, <b>Mandrake</b>, <b>Stillingia</b> and
+many other of the best medicines known are combined
+so skillfully in <span class="smcap">Parker's Ginger Tonic</span> as
+to make it the <b>greatest Blood Purifier</b> and the
+<b>Best Health and Strength Restorer ever used</b>.</p>
+
+<p>It cures <b>Dyspepsia</b>, <b>Rheumatism</b>, <b>Neuralgia</b>,
+<b>Sleeplessness</b>, and all diseases of the <b>Stomach</b>,
+<b>Bowels</b>, <b>Lungs</b>, <b>Liver</b>, <b>Kidneys</b>, <b>Urinary Organs</b>
+and all <b>Female Complaints</b>.</p>
+
+<p>If you are wasting away with Consumption or
+any disease, use the <span class="smcap">Tonic</span> to-day. No matter what
+your symptoms may be, it will surely help you.</p>
+
+<p>Remember! This <span class="smcap">Tonic</span> cures drunkenness,
+is the <b>Best Family Medicine</b> ever made, entirely
+different from Bitters, Ginger Preparations and
+other Tonics, and combines the best curative properties
+of all. Buy a 50c. bottle off your druggist.
+None genuine without our signature on outside
+wrapper.</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="smcap">Hiscox &amp; Co.</span>, Chemists, New York.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>PARKER'S HAIR BALSAM</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+The best and most economical<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hair Dressing<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>ITALIAN QUEENS. Full Colonies, Nuclei
+and Bee Hives specialties. Our <b>new</b> Illustrated
+Catalogue of Bees, Supplies, Fine Poultry, Small
+Fruits, &amp;c., <b>Free</b>. <span class="xlarge">☞</span> Send for it and save money.</p>
+
+<p class="center">J. T. SCOTT &amp; BRO., Crawfish Springs, Ga.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2w82tx<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i033c.png" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The American<br />
+Poultry Journal.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">Is a 32-page, beautifully Illustrated Monthly Magazine<br />
+devoted to</p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">POULTRY, PIGEONS AND PET STOCK.</p>
+
+<p class="center">It has the largest corps of practical breeders as editors<br />
+of any journal of its class in America, and is</p>
+
+<p class="center xlarge">THE FINEST POULTRY JOURNAL IN THE WORLD.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Volume 12 begins January 1891. SUBSCRIPTION:&mdash;$1.00<br />
+per year. Specimen Copy, 10 cents.</p>
+
+<p class="sig2">C. J. WARD, Editor and Proprietor.</p>
+<p class="large">182 CLARK ST.,&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;CHICAGO.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="transnote">TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES.
+
+<p>1. Colchian Honey.<br /></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;REV. W. BALLENTINE, A. M.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;This letter includes a quotation from Professor Wilson's botany.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;The copy of this quotation contains many errors.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;These are listed below and have been corrected in this eBook.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Apochynoceæ, should read Apocynaceæ.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dog-bones, should read dog's-bane.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;astychine, should read strychnine.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;strychinea, should read strychnia.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Strychorea, should read Strychnos.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heroclea, should read Heraclea.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Æglatherem, should read Ægolethron.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liculus, should read Siculus.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tournefoil, should read Tournefort.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mischevous, should read mischievous.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neriun, should read Nerium.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(apocyhnaceæ), should read Apocynaceæ.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rhodaraceæ, should read Rhodoraceæ.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;narctoic, should read narcotic.<br /></p>
+
+<p>2. J. W. Winder.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;Thibodaux, La., Feb. 10, 1881.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“as well as heads of white clover are<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pushing out their lovely forms to the...”<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The word ‘that’ has been added.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“as well as heads of white clover that are<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pushing out their lovely forms to the...”<br /></p>
+
+<p>3. From Florida.&mdash;The BEE JOURNAL<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is at hand; we do not know how we could do without it.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The past [time-period missing. Year/Month/Season?] has been a<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very good honey season here. Left as original.<br /></p>
+
+<p>4. “Everything should be kept ready and in<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;order. He gave an estimate of produce in...”<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Word ‘an’ inserted.<br /></p>
+
+<p>5. “We can furnish Emerson's Binders, gilt lettered on<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the back, for <span class="smcap">American Bee Journal</span> for =1890=,...”.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This looks like an error. This issue is for March, 1881.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Left as original.<br /></p>
+
+<p>6. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.</p>
+
+<p>7. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Bee Journal, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL ***
+
+***** This file should be named 59152-h.htm or 59152-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-09 13:24:48 -0800
committer	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-09 13:24:48 -0800
commit	30c66486f45dcb29cf673766e3125a38aac046de (patch)
tree	77d5085ca8c1b88a04c0b0b430afacc2a663bcb9