diff options
Diffstat (limited to '5800.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 5800.txt | 1464 |
1 files changed, 1464 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/5800.txt b/5800.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..082f2f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/5800.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1464 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan, by W. B. Laughead + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan + as Told in the Camps of the White Pine Lumbermen for + Generations During Which Time the Loggers Have Pioneered + the Way Through the North Woods From Maine to California + Collected from Various Sources and Embellished for + Publication + +Author: W. B. Laughead + +Posting Date: December 15, 2010 [EBook #5800] +Release Date: June, 2004 +First Posted: September 15, 2002 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL BUNYAN *** + + + + +Produced by David Schwan. HTML version by Al Haines + + + + + + + + +The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan + +as Told in the Camps of the White Pine Lumbermen for Generations +During Which Time the Loggers Have Pioneered the Way Through the +North Woods From Maine to California Collected from Various Sources +and Embellished for Publication + + + +Text and Illustrations + +By + +W. B. Laughead + + + +Published for the Amusement of our Friends by + +The Red River Lumber Company + +Minneapolis, Westwood, Cal., Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco + + + +Historical Note + + + +The Red River Lumber Company takes its name from the Red River of the +North, down which the Walkers drove their logs to Winnipeg before the +railroads had reached their forest holdings in northern Minnesota. Later +on they built a sawmill on the Red River at East Grand Forks, which was +followed by the mills at Crookston and Akeley, Minnesota. Their last +Minnesota log was cut at Akeley in 1915. + + + + +Editorial Note + + +The first edition of Paul Bunyan and His Big Blue Ox appeared in 1922, +with ten thousand copies, followed in the same year with a printing of +five thousand. Subsequent editions were printed in 1924, 1927 and 1931. +Since the first edition, copies have been sent out only on request. + +With this printing, January, 1934, the size of the book has been changed +and the supplementary text has been revised. The stories are the same as +in the preceding editions, and include material used in small booklets +issued by The Red River Lumber Company in 1914 and 1916. So far as we +know, this was the first appearance of the Paul Bunyan stories in print. + +The student of folklore will easily distinguish the material derived +from original sources from that written for the purposes of this book. +It should be stated that the names of the supporting characters, +including the animals, are inventions by the writer of this version. The +oral chroniclers did not, in his hearing, which goes back to 1900, call +any of the characters by name except Paul Bunyan himself. + +Investigators have failed to establish the source or age of the first +Paul Bunyan stories. One of our correspondents, a man of advanced years, +wrote us in 1922 that he had heard some of the stories when a boy in his +grandfather's logging camps in New York, and that they were supposed to +be old at that time. A distinct Paul Bunyan legend has grown up in the +oil fields, evidently originating with lumberjacks from the northern and +eastern white pine camps who came to work with the drillers. + + + + +Paul Bunyan + + +Scholars Say He is the Only American Myth. + +Paul Bunyan is the hero of lumbercamp whoppers that have been handed +down for generations. These stories, never heard outside the haunts of +the lumberjack until recent years, are now being collected by learned +educators and literary authorities who declare that Paul Bunyan is "the +only American myth." + +The best authorities never recounted Paul Bunyan's exploits in narrative +form. They made their statements more impressive by dropping them +casually, in an off hand way, as if in reference to actual events of +common knowledge. To overawe the greenhorn in the bunkshanty, or the +paper-collar stiffs and home guards in the saloons, a group of +lumberjacks would remember meeting each other in the camps of Paul +Bunyan. With painful accuracy they established the exact time and place, +"on the Big Onion the winter of the blue snow" or "at Shot Gunderson's +camp on the Tadpole the year of the sourdough drive." They elaborated on +the old themes and new stories were born in lying contests where the +heights of extemporaneous invention were reached. + +In these conversations the lumberjack often took on the mannerisms of +the French Canadian. This was apparently done without special intent and +no reason for it can be given except for a similarity in the mock +seriousness of their statements and the anti-climax of the bulls that +were made, with the braggadocio of the habitant. Some investigators +trace the origin of Paul Bunyan to Eastern Canada. Who can say? + +Paul Bunyan came to Westwood, California, in 1913 at the suggestion of +some of the most prominent loggers and lumbermen in the country. When +the Red River Lumber Company announced their plans for opening up their +forests of Sugar Pine and California White Pine, friendly advisors shook +their heads and said, + +"Better send for Paul Bunyan." + +Apparently here was the job for a Superman,--quality-and-quantity-production +on a big scale and great engineering difficulties to be overcome. Why +not Paul Bunyan? This is a White Pine job and here in the High Sierras +the winter snows lie deep, just like the country where Paul grew up. +Here are trees that dwarf the largest "cork pine" of the Lake States +and many new stunts were planned for logging, milling and manufacturing +a product of supreme quality--just the job for Paul Bunyan. + +The Red River people had been cutting White Pine in Minnesota for two +generations; the crews that came west with them were old heads and every +one knew Paul Bunyan of old. Paul had followed the White Pine from the +Atlantic seaboard west to the jumping-off place in Minnesota, why not go +the rest of the way? + +Paul Bunyan's picture had never been published until he joined Red River +and this likeness, first issued in 1914 is now the Red River trademark. +It stands for the quality and service you have the right to expect from +Paul Bunyan. + + * * * * * + +When and where did this mythical Hero get his start? Paul Bunyan is +known by his mighty works, his antecedents and personal history are lost +in doubt. You can prove that Paul logged off North Dakota and grubbed +the stumps, not only by the fact that there are no traces of pine +forests in that State, but by the testimony of oldtimers who saw it +done. On the other hand, Paul's parentage and birth date are unknown. +Like Topsy, he jes' growed. + +Nobody cared to know his origin until the professors got after him. As +long as he stayed around the camps his previous history was treated with +the customary consideration and he was asked no questions, but when he +broke into college it was all off. Then he had to have ancestors, a +birthday and all sorts of vital statistics. + +Now Paul is a regular myth and students of folklore make scientific +research of "The Paul Bunyan Legend". + +His first appearance in print was in the booklets published by The Red +River Lumber Company in 1914 and 1916, these stories are reprinted in +the present volume, with additions. Paul has followed the wanderings of +pioneering workmen and performed new wonders in the oil fields, on big +construction jobs and in the wheat fields but the stories in this book +deal only with his work in the White Pine camps where he was born and +raised. Care has been taken to preserve the atmosphere of the old style +camps. + +So now we will get on with Paul's doings and in the language of the +four-horse skinner, "Let's dangle!" + +Babe, the big blue ox constituted Paul Bunyan's assets and liabilities. +History disagrees as to when, where and how Paul first acquired this +bovine locomotive but his subsequent record is reliably established. +Babe could pull anything that had two ends to it. + +Babe was seven axehandles wide between the eyes according to some +authorities; others equally dependable say forty-two axehandles and a +plug of tobacco. Like other historical contradictions this comes from +using different standards. Seven of Paul's axehandles were equal to a +little more than forty-two of the ordinary kind. + +When cost sheets were figured on Babe, Johnny Inkslinger found that +upkeep and overhead were expensive but the charges for operation and +depreciation were low and the efficiency was very high. How else could +Paul have hauled logs to the landing a whole section (640 acres) at a +time? He also used Babe to pull the kinks out of the crooked logging +roads and it was on a job of this kind that Babe pulled a chain of +three-inch links out into a straight bar. + +They could never keep Babe more than one night at a camp for he would +eat in one day all the feed one crew could tote to camp in a year. For a +snack between meals he would eat fifty bales of hay, wire and all and +six men with picaroons were kept busy picking the wire out of his teeth. +Babe was a great pet and very docile as a general thing but he seemed to +have a sense of humor and frequently got into mischief, He would sneak +up behind a drive and drink all the water out of the river, leaving the +logs high and dry. It was impossible to build an ox-sling big enough to +hoist Babe off the ground for shoeing, but after they logged off Dakota +there was room for Babe to lie down for this operation. + +Once in a while Babe would run away and be gone all day roaming all over +the Northwestern country. His tracks were so far apart that it was +impossible to follow him and so deep that a man falling into one could +only be hauled out with difficulty and a long rope. Once a settler and +his wife and baby fell into one of these tracks and the son got out when +he was fifty-seven years old and reported the accident. These tracks, +today form the thousands of lakes in the "Land of the Sky-Blue Water." + +Because he was so much younger than Babe and was brought to camp when a +small calf, Benny was always called the Little Blue Ox although he was +quite a chunk of an animal. Benny could not, or rather, would not haul +as much as Babe nor was he as tractable but he could eat more. + +Paul got Benny for nothing from a farmer near Bangor, Maine. There was +not enough milk for the little fellow so he had to be weaned when three +days old. The farmer only had forty acres of hay and by the time Benny +was a week old he had to dispose of him for lack of food. The calf was +undernourished and only weighed two tons when Paul got him. Paul drove +from Bangor out to his headquarters camp near Devil's Lake, North Dakota +that night and led Benny behind the sleigh. Western air agreed with the +little calf and every time Paul looked back at him he was two feet +taller. + +When they arrived at camp Benny was given a good feed of buffalo milk +and flapjacks and put into a barn by himself. Next morning the barn was +gone. Later it was discovered on Benny's back as he scampered over the +clearings. He had outgrown his barn in one night. + +Benny was very notional and would never pull a load unless there was +snow on the ground so after the spring thaws they had to white wash the +logging roads to fool him. + +Gluttony killed Benny. He had a mania for pancakes and one cook crew of +two hundred men was kept busy making cakes for him. One night he pawed +and bellowed and threshed his tail about till the wind of it blew down +what pine Paul had left standing in Dakota. At breakfast time he broke +loose, tore down the cook shanty and began bolting pancakes. In his +greed he swallowed the red-hot stove. Indigestion set in and nothing +could save him. What disposition was made of his body is a matter of +dispute. One oldtimer claims that the outfit he works for bought a hind +quarter of the carcass in 1857 and made corned beef of it. He thinks +they have several carloads of it, left. + +Another authority states that the body of Benny was dragged to a safe +distance from the North Dakota camp and buried. When the earth was +shoveled back it made a mound that formed the Black Hills in South +Dakota. + + * * * * * + +The custodian and chaperon of Babe, the Big Blue Ox, was Brimstone Bill. +He knew all the tricks of that frisky giant before they happened. + +"I know oxen," the old bullwhacker used to say, "I've worked 'em and fed +'em and doctored 'em ever since the ox was invented. And Babe, I know +that pernicious old reptyle same as if I'd abeen through him with a +lantern." + +Bill compiled "The Skinner's Dictionary," a hand book for teamsters, and +most of the terms used in directing draft animals (except mules) +originated with him. His early religious training accounts for the fact +that the technical language of the teamster contains so many names of +places and people spoken of in the Bible. + +The buckskin harness used on Babe and Benny when the weather was rainy +was made by Brimstone Bill. When this harness got wet it would stretch +so much that the oxen could travel clear to the landing and the load +would not move from the skidway in the woods. Brimstone would fasten the +harness with an anchor Big Ole made for him and when the sun came out +and the harness shrunk the load would be pulled to the landing while +Bill and the oxen were busy at some other job. + +The winter of the Blue Snow, the Pacific Ocean froze over and Bill kept +the oxen busy hauling regular white snow over from China. M. H. Keenan +can testify to the truth of this as he worked for Paul on the Big Onion +that winter. It must have been about this time that Bill made the first +ox yokes out of cranberry wood. + +Feeding Paul Bunyan's crews was a complicated job. At no two camps were +conditions the same. The winter he logged off North Dakota he had 300 +cooks making pancakes for the Seven Axemen and the little Chore-boy. At +headquarters on the Big Onion he had one cook and 462 cookees feeding a +crew so big that Paul himself never knew within several hundred either +way, how many men he had. + +At Big Onion camp there was a lot of mechanical equipment and the +trouble was a man who could handle the machinery cooked just like a +machinist too. One cook got lost between the flour bin and the root +cellar and nearly starved to death before he was found. + +Cooks came and went. Some were good and others just able to get by. Paul +never kept a poor one, very long. There was one jigger who seemed to +have learned to do nothing but boil. He made soup out of everything and +did most of his work with a dipper. When the big tote-sled broke through +the ice on Bull Frog Lake with a load of split peas, he served warmed +up, lake water till the crew struck. His idea of a lunch box was a jug +or a rope to freeze soup onto like a candle. Some cooks used too much +grease. It was said of one of these that he had to wear calked shoes to +keep from sliding out of the cook-shanty and rub sand on his hands when +he picked anything up. + +There are two kinds of camp cooks, the Baking Powder Bums and the +Sourdough Stiffs. Sourdough Sam belonged to the latter school. He made +everything but coffee out of Sourdough. He had only one arm and one leg, +the other members having been lost when his sourdough barrel blew up. +Sam officiated at Tadpole River headquarters, the winter Shot Gunderson +took charge. + +After all others had failed at Big Onion camp, Paul hired his cousin Big +Joe who came from three weeks below Quebec. This boy sure put a mean +scald on the chuck. He was the only man who could make pancakes fast +enough to feed the crew. He had Big Ole, the blacksmith, make him a +griddle that was so big you couldn't see across it when the steam was +thick. The batter, stirred in drums like concrete mixers was poured on +with cranes and spouts. The griddle was greased by colored boys who +skated over the surface with hams tied to their feet. They had to have +colored boys to stand the heat. + +At this camp the flunkeys wore roller skates and an idea of the size of +the tables is gained from the fact that they distributed the pepper with +four-horse teams. + +Sending out lunch and timing the meals was rendered difficult by the +size of the works which required three crews--one going to work, one on +the job and one coming back. Joe had to start the bull-cook out with the +lunch sled two weeks ahead of dinner time. To call the men who came in +at noon was another problem. Big Ole made a dinner horn so big that no +one could blow it but Big Joe or Paul himself. The first time Joe blew +it be blew down ten acres of pine. The Red River people wouldn't stand +for that so the next time he blew straight up but this caused severe +cyclones and storms at sea so Paul had to junk the horn and ship it East +where later it was made into a tin roof for a big Union Depot. + +When Big Joe came to Westwood with Paul, he started something. About +that time you may have read in the papers about a volcanic eruption at +Mt. Lassen, heretofore extinct for many years. That was where Big Joe +dug his bean-hole and when the steam worked out of the bean kettle and +up through the ground, everyone thought the old hill had turned volcano. +Every time Joe drops a biscuit they talk of earthquakes. + +It was always thought that the quality of the food at Paul's Camps had a +lot to do with the strength and endurance of the men. No doubt it did, +but they were a husky lot to start with. As the feller said about fish +for a brain food, "It won't do you no good unless there is a germ there +to start with." + +There must have been something to the food theory for the chipmunks that +ate the prune pits got so big they killed all the wolves and years later +the settlers shot them for tigers. + +A visitor at one of Paul's camps was astonished to see a crew of men +unloading four-horse logging sleds at the cook-shanty. They appeared to +be rolling logs into a trap door from which poured clouds of steam. + +"That's a heck of a place to land logs," he remarked. + +"Them ain't logs," grinned a bull-cook, "them's sausages for the +teamsters' breakfast." + +At Paul's camp up where the little Gimlet empties into the Big Auger, +newcomers used to kick because they were never served beans. The bosses +and the men could never be interested in beans. E. E. Terrill tells us +the reason: + +Once when the cook quit they had to detail a substitute to the job +temporarily. There was one man who was no good anywhere. He had failed +at every job. Chris Crosshaul, the foreman, acting on the theory that +every man is good somewhere, figured that this guy must be a cook, for +it was the only job he had not tried. So he was put to work and the +first thing he tackled was beans. He filled up a big kettle with beans +and added some water. When the heat took hold the beans swelled up till +they lifted off the roof and bulged out the walls. There was no way to +get into the place to cook anything else, so the whole crew turned in to +eat up the half cooked beans. By keeping at it steady they cleaned them +up in a week and rescued the would-be-cook. After that no one seemed to +care much for beans. + +It used to be a big job to haul prune pits and coffee grounds away from +Paul's camps. It required a big crew of men and either Babe or Benny to +do the hauling. Finally Paul decided it was cheaper to build new camps +and move every month. + +The winter Paul logged off North Dakota with the Seven Axemen, the +Little Chore Boy and the 300 cooks, he worked the cooks in three +shifts--one for each meal. The Seven Axemen were hearty eaters; a portion +of bacon was one side of a 1600-pound pig. Paul shipped a stern-wheel +steamboat up Red River and they put it in the soup kettle to stir the +soup. + +Like other artists, cooks are temperamental and some of them are full of +cussedness but the only ones who could sass Paul Bunyan and get away +with it were the stars like Big Joe and Sourdough Sam. The lunch +sled,--mostpopular institution in the lumber industry! Its arrival at, the +noon rendezvous has been hailed with joy by hungry men on every logging +job since Paul invented it. What if the warm food freezes on your tin +plate, the keen cold air has sharpened your appetite to enjoy it. The +crew that toted lunch for Paul Bunyan had so far to travel and so many +to feed they hauled a complete kitchen on the lunch sled, cooks and all. + +When Paul invented logging he had to invent all the tools and figure out +all his own methods. There were no precedents. At the start his outfit +consisted of Babe and his big axe. + +No two logging jobs can be handled exactly the same way so Paul adapted +his operations to local conditions. In the mountains he used Babe to +pull the kinks out of the crooked logging roads; on the Big Onion he +began the system of hauling a section of land at a time to the landings +and in North Dakota he used the Seven Axemen. + +At that time marking logs was not thought of, Paul had no need for +identification when there were no logs but his own. About the time he +started the Atlantic Ocean drive others had come into the industry and +although their combined cut was insignificant compared to Paul's, there +was danger of confusion, and Paul had most to lose. + +At first Paul marked his logs by pinching a piece out of each log. When +his cut grew so large that the marking had to be detailed to the crews, +the "scalp" on each log was put on with an axe, for even in those days +not every man could nip out the chunk with his fingers. + +The Grindstone was invented by Paul the winter he logged off North +Dakota. Before that Paul's axemen had to sharpen their axes by rolling +rocks down hill and running along side of them. When they got to "Big +Dick," as the lumberjacks called Dakota, hills and rocks were so hard to +find that Paul rigged up the revolving rock. + +This was much appreciated by the Seven Axemen as it enabled them to +grind an axe in a week, but the grindstone was not much of a hit with +the Little Chore Boy whose job it was to turn it. The first stone was so +big that working at full speed, every time it turned around once it was +payday. + +The Little Chore Boy led a strenuous life. He was only a kid and like +all youngsters putting in their first winter in the woods, he was put +over the jumps by the oldtimers. His regular work was heavy enough, +splitting all the wood for the camp, carrying water and packing lunch to +the men, but his hazers sent him on all kinds of wild goose errands to +all parts of the works, looking for a "left-handed peavy" or a "bundle +of cross-hauls." + +He had to take a lot of good natured roughneck wit about his size for he +only weighed 800 pounds and a couple of surcingles made a belt for him. +What he lacked in size he made up in grit and the men secretly respected +his gameness. They said he might make a pretty good man if he ever got +any growth, and considered it a necessary education to give him a lot of +extra chores. + +Often in the evening, after his day's work and long hours put in turning +the grindstone and keeping up fires in the camp stoves--that required +four cords of wood apiece to kindle a fire, he could be found with one +of Big Ole's small 600-pound anvils in his lap pegging up shoes with +railroad spikes. + +It was a long time before they solved the problem of turning logging +sleds around in the road. When a sled returned from the landing and put +on a load they had to wait until Paul came along to pick up the four +horses and the load and head them the other way. Judson M. Goss says he +worked for Paul the winter he invented the round turn. + +All of Paul's inventions were successful except when he decided to run +three ten-hour shifts a day and installed the Aurora Borealis. After a +number of trials the plan was abandoned because the lights were not +dependable. + +"The Seven Axemen of the Red River" they were called because they had a +camp on Red River with the three-hundred cooks and the Little Chore Boy. +The whole State was cut over from the one camp and the husky seven +chopped from dark to dark and walked to and from work. + +Their axes were so big it took a week to grind one of them. Each man had +three axes and two helpers to carry the spare axes to the river when +they got red hot from chopping. Even in those days they had to watch out +for forest fires. The axes were hung on long rope handles. Each axeman +would march through the timber whirling his axe around him till the hum +of it sounded like one of Paul's for-and-aft mosquitoes, and at every +step a quarter-section of timber was cut. + +The height, weight and chest measurement of the Seven Axemen are not +known. Authorities differ. History agrees that they kept a cord of +four-foot wood on the table for toothpicks. After supper they would sit +on the deacon seat in the bunk shanty and sing "Shanty Boy" and "Bung +Yer Eye" till the folks in the settlements down on the Atlantic would +think another nor'wester was blowing up. + +Some say the Seven Axemen were Bay Chaleur men; others declare they were +all cousins and came from down Machias way. Where they came from or +where they went to blow their stake after leaving Paul's camp no one +knows but they are remembered as husky lads and good fellows around +camp. + +After the Seven Axemen had gone down the tote road, never to return, +Paul Bunyan was at a loss to find a method of cutting down trees that +would give him anything like the output he had been getting. Many trials +and experiments followed and then Paul invented the two-man Saw. + +The first saw was made from a strip trimmed off in making Big Joe's +dinner horn and was long enough to reach across a quarter section, for +Paul could never think in smaller units. This saw worked all right in a +level country, in spite of the fact that all the trees fell back on the +saw, but in rough country only the trees on the hill tops were cut. +Trees in the valleys were cut off in the tops and in the pot holes the +saw passed over the trees altogether. + +It took a good man to pull this saw in heavy timber when Paul was +working on the other end. Paul used to say to his fellow sawyer, "I +don't care if you ride the saw, but please don't drag your feet." A +couple of cousins of Big Ole's were given the job and did so well that +ever afterward in the Lake States the saw crews have generally been +Scandinavians. + +It was after this that Paul had Big Ole make the "Down-Cutter." This was +a rig like a mowing machine. They drove around eight townships and cut a +swath 500 feet wide. + +Paul Bunyan's Trained Ants are proving so successful that they may +replace donkeys and tractors on the rugged slopes of the Sierras. +Inspired by his success with Bees and Mosquitoes, Paul has developed a +breed of Ants that stand six feet tall and weigh 200 pounds. + +To overcome their habit of hibernating all Winter, Paul supplied the +Ants with Mackinaws made with three pairs of sleeves or legs. They eat +nothing but Copenhagen Snuff. The Ants (or Uncles as they prefer to be +called) can run to the Westwood shops with a damaged locomotive quicker +than the Wrecking Crew can come out. They do not patronize bootleggers +or require time off to fix their automobiles. + +Lucy, Paul Bunyan's cow was not, so far as we can learn, related to +either Babe or Benny. Statements that she was in any way their mother +are without basis in fact. The two oxen had been in Paul's possession +for a long time before Lucy arrived on the scene. + +No reliable data can be found as to the pedigree of this remarkable +dairy animal. There are no official records of her butterfat fat +production nor is it known where or how Paul got her. + +Paul always said that Lucy was part Jersey and part wolf. Maybe so. Her +actions and methods of living seemed to justify the allegation of wolf +ancestry, for she had an insatiable appetite and a roving disposition. +Lucy ate everything in sight and could never be fed at the same camp +with Babe or Benny. In fact, they quit trying to feed her at all but let +her forage her own living. The Winter of the Deep Snow, when even the +tallest White Pines were buried, Brimstone Bill outfitted Lucy with a +set of Babe's old snowshoes and a pair of green goggles and turned her +out to graze on the snowdrifts. At first she had some trouble with the +new foot gear but once she learned to run them and shift gears without +wrecking herself, she answered the call of the limitless snow fields and +ran away all over North America until Paul decorated her with a bell +borrowed from a buried church. + +In spite of short rations she gave enough milk to keep six men busy +skimming the cream. If she had been kept in a barn and fed regularly she +might have made a milking record. When she fed on the evergreen trees +and her milk got so strong of White Pine and Balsam that the men used it +for cough medicine and liniment, they quit serving the milk on the table +and made butter out of it. By using this butter, to grease the logging +roads when the snow and ice thawed off, Paul was able to run big logging +sleds all summer. + +The family life of Paul Bunyan, from all accounts, has been very happy. +A charming glimpse of Mrs. Bunyan is given by Mr. E. S. Shepard of +Rhinelander, Wis., who tells of working in Paul's camp on Round River in +'62, the Winter of the Black Snow. Paul put him wheeling prune pits away +from the cook camp. After he had worked at this job for three months +Paul had him haul them back again as Mrs. Bunyan, who was cooking at the +camp, wanted to use them to make the hot fires necessary to cook her +famous soft nosed pancakes. + +Mrs. Bunyan, at this time used to call the men to dinner by blowing into +a woodpecker hole in an old hollow stub that stood near the door. In +this stub there was a nest of owls that had one short wing and flew in +circles. When Mr. Shepard made a sketch of Paul, Mrs. Bunyan, with +wifely solicitude for his appearance, parted Paul's hair with a handaxe +and combed it with an old cross-cut saw. + +From other sources we have fragmentary glimpses of Jean, Paul's youngest +son. When Jean was three weeks old he jumped from his cradle one night +and seizing an axe, chopped the four posts out from under his father's +bed. The incident greatly tickled Paul, who used to brag about it to any +one who would listen to him. "The boy is going to be a great logger some +day," he would declare with fatherly pride. + +The last we heard of Jean he was working for a lumber outfit in the +South, lifting logging trains past one another on a single track +railroad. + +What is camp without a dog? Paul Bunyan loved dogs as well as the next +man but never would have one around that could not earn its keep. Paul's +dogs had to work, hunt or catch rats. It took a good dog to kill the +rats and mice in Paul's camp for the rodents picked up scraps of the +buffalo milk pancakes and grew to be as big as two year old bears. + +Elmer, the moose terrier, practiced up on the rats when he was a small +pup and was soon able to catch a moose on the run and finish it with one +shake. Elmer loafed around the cook camp and if the meat supply happened +to run low the cook would put the dog out the door and say, "Bring in a +moose." Elmer would run into the timber, catch a moose and bring it in +and repeat the performance until, after a few minutes work, the cook +figured he had enough for a mess and would call the dog in. + +Sport, the reversible dog was really the best hunter. He was part wolf +and part elephant hound and was raised on bear milk. One night when +Sport was quite young, he was playing around in the horse barn and Paul, +mistaking him for a mouse, threw a band axe at him. The axe cut the dog +in two but Paul, instantly realizing what had happened, quickly stuck +the two halves together, gave the pup first aid and bandaged him up. +With careful nursing the dog soon recovered and then it was seen that +Paul in his haste had twisted the two halves so that the hind legs +pointed straight up. This proved to be an advantage for the dog learned +to run on one pair of legs for a while and then flop over without loss +of speed and run on the other pair. Because of this he never tired and +anything he started after got caught. Sport never got his full growth. +While still a pup he broke through four feet of ice on Lake Superior and +was drowned. + +As a hunter, Paul would make old Nimrod himself look like a city dude +lost from his guide. He was also a good fisherman. Old-timers tell of +seeing Paul as a small boy, fishing off the Atlantic Coast. He would +sail out early in the morning in his three-mast schooner and wade back +before breakfast with his boat full of fish on his shoulder. + +About this time he got his shot gun that required four dishpans full of +powder and a keg of spikes to load each barrel. With this gun he could +shoot geese so high in the air they would spoil before reaching the +ground. + +Tracking was Paul's favorite sport and no trail was too old or too dim +for him to follow. He once came across the skeleton of a moose that had +died of old age and, just for curiosity, picked up the tracks of the +animal and spent the whole afternoon following its trail back to the +place where it was born. + +The shaggy dog that spent most of his time pretending to sleep in front +of Johnny Inkslinger's counter in the camp office was Fido, the watch +dog. Fido was the bug-bear (not bearer, just bear) of the greenhorns. +They were told that Paul starved Fido all winter and then, just before +payday, fed him all the swampers, barn boys, and student bullcooks. The +very marrow was frozen in their heads at the thought of being turned +into dog food. Their fears were groundless for Paul would never let a +dog go hungry or mistreat a human being. Fido was fed all the watch +peddlers, tailors' agents, and camp inspectors and thus served a very +useful purpose. + +It is no picnic to tackle the wilderness and turn the very forest itself +into a commercial commodity delivered at the market. A logger needs +plenty of brains and back bone. + +Paul Bunyan had his setbacks the same as every logger only his were +worse. Being a pioneer he had to invent all his stuff as he went along. +Many a time his plans were upset by the mistakes of some swivel-headed +strawboss or incompetent foreman. The winter of the blue snow, Shot +Gunderson had charge in the Big Tadpole River country. He landed all of +his logs in a lake and in the spring when ready to drive he boomed the +logs three times around the lake before he discovered there was no +outlet to it. High hills surrounded the lake and the drivable stream was +ten miles away. Apparently the logs were a total loss. + +Then Paul came on the job himself and got busy. Calling in Sourdough +Sam, the cook who made everything but coffee out of sourdough, he +ordered him to mix enough sourdough to fill the big watertank. Hitching +Babe to the tank he hauled it over and dumped it into the lake. When it +"riz," as Sam said, a mighty lava-like stream poured forth and carried +the logs over the hills to the river. There is a landlocked lake in +Northern Minnesota that is called "Sourdough Lake" to this day. + +Chris Crosshaul was a careless cuss. He took a big drive down the +Mississippi for Paul and when the logs were delivered in the New Orleans +boom it was found that he had driven the wrong logs. The owners looked +at the barkmarks and refused to accept them. It was up to Paul to drive +them back upstream. + +No one but Paul Bunyan would ever tackle a job like that. To drive logs +upstream is impossible, but if you think a little thing like an +impossibility could stop him, you don't know Paul Bunyan. He simply fed +Babe a good big salt ration and drove him to the upper Mississippi to +drink. Babe drank the river dry and sucked all the water upstream. The +logs came up river faster than they went down. + + * * * * * + +Big Ole was the Blacksmith at Paul's headquarters camp on the Big Onion. +Ole had a cranky disposition but he was a skilled workman. No job in +iron or steel was too big or too difficult for him. One of the cooks +used to make doughnuts and have Ole punch the holes. He made the griddle +on which Big Joe cast his pancakes and the dinner horn that blew down +ten acres of pine. Ole was the only man who could shoe Babe or Benny. +Every time he made a set of shoes for Babe they had to open up another +Minnesota iron mine. Ole once carried a pair of these shoes a mile and +sunk knee deep into solid rock at every step. Babe cast a shoe while +making a hard pull one day, and it was hurled for a mile and tore down +forty acres of pine and injured eight Swedes that were swamping out +skidways. Ole was also a mechanic and built the Downcutter, a rig like a +mowing machine that cut down a swath of trees 500 feet wide. + + * * * * * + +In the early days, whenever Paul Bunyan was broke between logging +seasons, he traveled around like other lumberjacks doing any kind of +pioneering work he could find. He showed up in Washington about the time +The Puget Construction Co. was building Puget Sound and Billy Puget was +making records moving dirt with droves of dirt throwing badgers. Paul +and Billy got into an argument over who had shoveled the most. Paul got +mad and said he'd show Billy Puget and started to throw the dirt back +again. Before Billy stopped him he had piled up the San Juan Islands. + +When a man gets the reputation in the woods of being a "good man" it +refers only to physical prowess. Frequently he is challenged to fight by +"good men" from other communities. + +There was Pete Mufraw. "You know Joe Mufraw?" "Oui, two Joe Mufraw, one +named Pete." That's the fellow. After Pete had licked everybody between +Quebec and Bay Chaleur he started to look for Paul Bunyan. He bragged +all over the country that he had worn out six pair of shoe-pacs looking +for Paul. Finally he met up with him. + +Paul was plowing with two yoke of steers and Pete Mufraw stopped at the +brush-fence to watch the plow cut its way right through rocks and +stumps. When they reached the end of the furrow Paul picked up the plow +and the oxen with one arm and turned them around. Pete took one look and +then wandered off down the trail muttering, "Hox an' hall! She's lift +hox an' hall." + +Paul Bunyan started traveling before the steam cars were invented. He +developed his own means of transportation and the railroads have never +been able to catch up. Time is so valuable to Paul he has no time to +fool around at sixty miles an hour. + +In the early days he rode on the back of Babe, the Big Blue Ox. This had +its difficulties because he had to use a telescope to keep Babe's hind +legs in view and the hooves of the ox created such havoc that after the +settlements came into different parts of the country there were heavy +damage claims to settle every trip. + +Snowshoes were useful in winter but one trip on the webs cured Paul of +depending upon them for transcontinental hikes. He started from +Minnesota for Westwood one Spring morning. There was still snow in the +woods so Paul wore his snowshoes. He soon ran out of the snow belt but +kept right on without reducing speed. Crossing the desert the heat +became oppressive, his mackinaws grew heavy and the snowshoes dragged +his feet but it was too late to turn back. + +When he arrived in California he discovered that the sun and hot sand +had warped one of his shoes and pulled one foot out of line at every +step, so instead of traveling on a bee line and hitting Westwood +exactly, he came out at San Francisco. This made it necessary for him to +travel an extra three hundred miles north. It was late that night when +he pulled into Westwood and he had used up a whole day coming from +Minnesota. + +Paul's fast foot work made him a "good man on the round stuff" and in +spite of his weight he had no trouble running around on the floating +logs, even the small ones. It was said that Paul could spin a log till +the bark came off and then run ashore on the bubbles. He once threw a +peavy handle into the Mississippi at St. Louis and standing on it, poled +up to Brainerd, Minnesota. Paul was a "white water bucko" and rode water +so rough it would tear an ordinary man in two to drink out of the river. + + * * * * * + +Johnny Inkslinger was Paul's headquarters clerk. He invented bookkeeping +about the time Paul invented logging. He was something of a genius and +perfected his own office appliances to increase efficiency. His fountain +pen was made by running a hose from a barrel of ink and with it he could +"daub out a walk" quicker than the recipient of the pay-off could tie +the knot in his tussick rope. + +One winter Johnny left off crossing the "t's" and dotting the "i's" and +saved nine barrels of ink. The lumberjacks accused him of using a split +pencil to charge up the tobacco and socks they bought at the wanagan but +this was just bunkshanty talk (is this the origin of the classic term +"the bunk"?) for Johnny never cheated anyone. + +Have you ever encountered the Mosquito of the North Country? You thought +they were pretty well developed animals with keen appetites, didn't you? +Then you can appreciate what Paul Bunyan was up against when he was +surrounded by the vast swarms of the giant ancestors of the present race +of mosquitoes, getting their first taste of human victims. The present +mosquito is but a degenerate remnant of the species. Now they rarely +weigh more than a pound or measure more than fourteen or fifteen inches +from tip to tip. + +Paul had to keep his men and oxen in the camps with doors and windows +barred. Men armed with pikepoles and axes fought off the insects that +tore the shakes off the roof in their efforts to gain entrance. The big +buck mosquitoes fought among themselves and trampled down the weaker +members of the swarm and to this alone Paul Bunyan and his crew owe +their lives. + +Paul determined to conquer the mosquitoes before another season arrived. +He thought of the big Bumble Bees back home and sent for several yoke of +them. These, he hoped would destroy the mosquitoes. Sourdough Sam +brought out two pair of bees, overland on foot. There was no other way +to travel for the flight of the beasts could not be controlled. Their +wings were strapped with surcingles, they checked their stingers with +Sam and walking shoes were provided for them. Sam brought them through +without losing a bee. + +The cure was worse than the original trouble. The Mosquitoes and the +Bees made a hit with each other. They soon intermarried and their +off-spring, as often happens, were worse than their parents. They had +stingers fore-and-aft and could get you coming or going. + +Their bee blood caused their downfall in the long run. Their craving for +sweets could only be satisfied by sugar and molasses in large +quantities, for what is a flower to an insect with a ten-gallon stomach? +One day the whole tribe flew across Lake Superior to attack a fleet of +ships bringing sugar to Paul's camps. They destroyed the ships but ate +so much sugar they could not fly and all were drowned. + +One pair of the original bees were kept at headquarters camp and +provided honey for the pancakes for many years. + + * * * * * + +If Paul Bunyan did not invent Geography be created a lot of it. The +Great Lakes were first constructed to provide a water hole for Babe the +Big Blue Ox. Just what year his work was done is not known but they were +in use prior to the Year of the Two Winters. + +The Winter Paul Bunyan logged off North Dakota he hauled water for his +ice roads from the Great Lakes. One day when Brimstone Bill had Babe +hitched to one of the old water tanks and was making his early morning +trip, the tank sprung a leak when they were half way across Minnesota. +Bill saved himself from drowning by climbing Babe's tail but all efforts +to patch up the tank were in vain so the old tank was abandoned and +replaced by one of the new ones. This was the beginning of the +Mississippi River and the truth of this is established by the fact that +the old Mississippi is still flowing. + +The cooks in Paul's camps used a lot of water and to make things handy, +they used to dig wells near the cook shanty. At headquarters on the Big +Auger, on top of the hill near the mouth of the Little Gimlet, Paul dug +a well so deep that it took all day for the bucket to fall to the water, +and a week to haul it up. They had to run so many buckets that the well +was forty feet in diameter. It was shored up with tamarac poles and when +the camp was abandoned Paul pulled up this cribbing. Travelers who have +visited the spot say that the sand has blown away until 178 feet of the +well is sticking up into the air, forming a striking landmark. + +The Winter of the Deep Snow everything was buried. Paul had to dig down +to find the tops of the tallest White Pines. He had the snow dug away +around them and lowered his sawyers down to the base of the trees. When +the tree was cut off he hauled it to the surface with a long parbuckle +chain to which Babe, mounted on snowshoes, was hitched. It was +impossible to get enough stove pipe to reach to the top of the snow, so +Paul had Big Ole make stovepipe by boring out logs with a long six-inch +auger. + +The year of the Two Winters they had winter all summer and then in the +fall it turned colder. One day Big Joe set the boiling coffeepot on the +stove and it froze so quick that the ice was hot. That was right after +Paul had built the Great Lakes and that winter they froze clear to the +bottom. They never would have thawed out if Paul had not chopped out the +ice and hauled it out on shore for the sun to melt. He finally got all +the ice thawed but he had to put in all new fish. + +The next spring was the year the rain came up from China. It rained so +hard and so long that the grass was all washed out by the roots and Paul +had a great time feeding his cattle. Babe had to learn to eat pancakes +like Benny. That was the time Paul used the straw hats for an emergency +ration. + +When Paul's drive came down, folks in the settlements were astonished to +see all the river-pigs wearing huge straw hats. The reason for this was +soon apparent. When the fodder ran out every man was politely requested +to toss his hat into the ring. Hundreds of straw hats were used to make +a lunch for Babe. + +When Paul Bunyan took up efficiency engineering he went at the the job +with all his customary thoroughness. He did not fool around clocking the +crew with a stop watch, counting motions and deducting the ones used for +borrowing chews, going for drinks, dodging the boss and preparing for +quitting time. He decided to cut out labor altogether. + +"What's the use," said Paul, "of all this sawing, swamping, skidding, +decking, grading and icing roads, loading, hauling and landing? The +object of the game is to get the trees to the landing, ain't it? Well, +why not do it and get it off your mind?" + +So he hitched Babe to a section of land and snaked in the whole 640 +acres at one drag. At the landing the trees were cut off just like +shearing a sheep and the denuded section hauled back to its original +place. This simplified matters and made the work a lot easier. Six trips +a day, six days a week just cleaned up a township for section 37 was +never hauled back to the woods on Saturday night but was left on the +landing to wash away in the early spring when the drive went out, + +Documentary evidence of the truth of this is offered by the United +States government surveys. Look at any map that shows the land +subdivisions and you will never find a township with more than +thirty-six sections. + +The foregoing statement, previously published, has caused some +controversy. Mr. T. S. Sowell of Miami, Florida wrote to us citing the +townships in his State that have sections numbered 37 to 40. He said +that the government survey had been complicated by the old Spanish land +grants. We put the matter up to Paul Bunyan and from his camp near +Westwood came this reply: + +Red River Advertising Department. + +Dear Sir: Yes sir, I remember those sections and a lot of bother they +made me too. One winter when I was starting the White Pine business and +snaking sections down to the Atlantic Ocean, a man from Florida came +along and ordered a bunch of sections delivered down to his place. He +wanted to see if he could grow the same kind of White Pine down there. I +yarded out a nice bunch of sections and next summer when my drive was in +and I wasn't busy I took a crew of Canada Boys and Mainites and poled +them down the coast. When I come to collect they said this man was gone +looking for a Fountain of Youth or some fool thing. + +I don't know what luck he had with his White Pine ranch. I never seen +them again. I had a lot of other things to tend to and clean forgot it +till you sent me Mr. Sowell's letter. Maybe that man was a Spaniard I +don't know. + +Yours respectively, + P. Bunyan. + + * * * * * + +From 1917 to 1920 Paul Bunyan was busy toting the supplies and building +camps for a bunch of husky young fellow-Americans who had a contract on +the other side of the Atlantic, showing a certain prominent European +(who is now logging in Holland) how they log in the United States. + +After his service overseas with the A. E. F., Paul couldn't get back to +the States quick enough. Airplanes were too slow so Paul embarked in his +Bark Canoe, the one he used on the Big Onion the year he drove logs +upstream. When he threw the old paddle into high he sure rambled and the +sea was covered with dead fish that broke their backs trying to watch +him coming and going. + +As he shoved off from France, Paul sent a wireless to New York but +passed the Statue of Liberty three lengths ahead of the message. From +New York to Westwood he traveled on skis. When the home folks asked him +if the Allegheney Mountains and the Rockies had bothered him, Paul +replied, "I didn't notice any mountains but the trail was a little bumpy +in a couple of spots." + + + +In the forests of the Red River Lumber Company Paul Bunyan can cut his +lumber for many future years in the region where Nature found conditions +exactly suited to the growth of pine of the finest texture and largest +size. + +Early in the closing decade of the nineteenth century the Red River +people took a long look into the future. Foreseeing the exhaustion of +their Minnesota white pine, which came a quarter of a century later, +they set out to find the pine that would take its place. Their search +covered several years and reached all the important stands in the +western States. This was well in advance of the westward movement of the +industry and Red River had the pioneer's opportunity for choice and +rejection. + +Sugar Pine, "cork pine's big brother," is botanically and physically +true white pine, with all the family virtues. It is the largest of all +pines. + +California Pine is the trade name for pinus ponderosa or western yellow +pine from certain regions where conditions of growth have so modified +the nature of the wood that it is more like white pine than it is like +its botanical brothers that grow elsewhere. Some say this change is due +to volcanic soil. Whatever the cause, California Pine from Red River's +forest is exceptionally light, brightly colored, soft and even textured +and second only to Sugar Pine in size. + +Red River "Paul Bunyan's" California Pine and Sugar Pine meet the strict +requirements of trades that have made white pine their standard. Where +freedom from distortion is essential, as for example piano actions, +organ pipes, foundry patterns and the best sash and doors, Red River +pines are used. They finish economically with paints, stains and enamels +and are highly valued as cores for fine hardwood veneers. They work +easily, smoothly and cleanly with edged tools and do not nail-split. + +The durability of these California pines is shown by their sound +condition in California buildings that have stood for generations, many +of them in regions where climatic conditions are more conducive to decay +than in the middle western and eastern states. + +Paul Bunyan tackled a real problem when he came to Westwood. The site of +the mill and town was unbroken forest in 1913, sixty mountainous miles +from the nearest railroad. Trails were graded into passable roads and +materials and machinery were freighted in. When the railroad arrived in +1914 the first mill was in operation and the town well under +construction. Town and plant had been detailed on the drafting boards in +Minneapolis. Sanitary sewers, water system, electric lights and +telephones were extended as the forest was cleared and Westwood, with a +population of 5,000, enjoys all the facilities of a modern American +community. + +The electrically operated sawmill has an annual capacity of 250 million +board feet. Dry kilns, one of the largest plywood factories in the +country, sash and door factory and re-manufacturing departments round +out production of a complete line of lumber products. + +Red River operates its own logging railroad, 20 miles of which are +electrified, hydro-electric plants and the foundry and machine shops, +where many units of the logging and plant machinery are designed and +built. + +Back in the early days, when his camps were so far from any where that +the wolves following the tote-teams got lost in the woods, Paul Bunyan +made no attempt to keep in touch with the trade. What's the use when +every letter that comes in is about things that happened the year +before? + +Since he came to Westwood Paul has renewed old friendships, formed new +ones and kept close contact with the world. Everyone expects great +things of Paul Bunyan and with the Red River outfit back of him he has +the chance of his life to make good. Continuous production keeps a full +assortment of stock on hand. Customers in all parts of America find +Westwood a dependable source of supply. + +Here is an instance. This old friend of Paul's a prominent furniture +manufacturer in the Lake States, was disappointed because an item he +wanted for immediate shipment was not in stock in the grade and +thickness required. He wrote the letter shown below and was given an +explanation of the facts in the case in the accompanying reply. + + + + +Paul Bunyan Makes Plywood + + +Paul Bunyan says that making plywood reminds him of the way Mrs. Bunyan +made pies during the hard times of pioneer days. She would take +pancakes, spread molasses between and sew around the edges with yarn. + +Plywood panels differ from other wall coverings in that the natural +texture of the wood is not altered. While the lathe-cut sheets are thin, +they are solid wood with the cell structure just the same as it grew in +the tree. In making plywood the inside sheets are placed crossgrained +with the face sheets. These sheets are then united with a glue bond that +is stronger than the wood itself. This cross-grained construction +prevents splitting and produces a panel much stronger than solid wood of +the same thickness. + +Paul Bunyan's California Pines give Red River plywood's a distinctive +character. They carry the qualities that have given "old-fashioned white +pine" its long-established preference by craftsmen and builders. The +soft, even texture takes up paints, stains and enamels economically and +gives a fine finish, unmarred by checking and "grainraising" when +properly handled. + +Red River construction embodies special features in the process of +re-drying and in cutting for straight grain. The latest +and best developments in the manufacture of glues and in their +scientific application are utilized. Painstaking workmanship and careful +inspection and grading make Red River plywood's outstanding in quality. + +Plywood panels have revolutionized the use of wood in building and in +industry. From the growing list of industrial uses we might note the +following as typical: trunks, concrete forms, furniture backs, drawer +bottoms and cores for fine hardwood veneers; cabinets, car bodies, +boxes, table and counter tops, door panels, signs, toys and ship +bulkheads. + +Builders use plywood panels for interior walls and ceilings and for +insulation, sub-floors, sheathing, shelving, cupboards and built-in +units. The richness of wood-paneled rooms can now be enjoyed at a cost +that compares favorably with other wall coverings. The paneled interiors +do not go out of style or require redecoration. They are not damaged by +water or shock and ordinary breakage. They do not crack or peel. + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan, by +W. B. Laughead + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL BUNYAN *** + +***** This file should be named 5800.txt or 5800.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/5/8/0/5800/ + +Produced by David Schwan. HTML version by Al Haines + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |