As captured February 8, 2025

3 files changed, 8073 insertions, 8073 deletions

diff --git a/57849-0.txt b/57849-0.txt
index 19505c7..5a93f1f 100644
--- a/57849-0.txt
+++ b/57849-0.txt
@@ -1,2638 +1,2638 @@
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign

-

-Author: Edward Wolf Kilman

-        Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: UTF-8

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-

-

-

-

-

-    [Illustration: THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO]

-

-

-

-

-                             THE BATTLE OF

-                              SAN JACINTO

-                               _and the_

-                          SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN

-

-

-    [Illustration: Flags]

-

-                                   by

-                        L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman

-

-                            COPYRIGHT, 1947

-                                   by

-                        L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN

-                            Second Printing

-

-                Printed in the United States of America

-                  The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston

-

-

-

-

-                       The Battle of San Jacinto

-                               _and the_

-                          San Jacinto Campaign

-

-

-                                FOREWORD

-

-San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto, one of the

-world’s decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where, with cries of “Remember

-the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910

-pioneers routed Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of

-Mexico and self-styled “Napoleon of the West,” with his proud army, and

-changed the map of North America!

-

-Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century ... a

-story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim hardship, tragedy

-and romance ... the story of the epochal battle that established the

-independent Lone Star Republic, on April 21, 1836, and indelibly

-inscribed the names of Texas patriots on history’s scroll of American

-immortals.

-

-The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes, but it

-was in the making for six years. It had its prelude in the oppressive

-Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further emigration of

-Anglo-Americans from the United States to Texas; in the disturbance at

-Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco, in 1832; in the imprisonment of

-Stephen F. Austin, the “Father of Texas,” in Mexico in 1834.

-

-Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at Gonzales, the

-capture of Goliad, the “Grass Fight,” and the siege and capture of San

-Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration of Independence at

-Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, officially signalized the

-revolution.

-

-

-                         RETREAT FROM GONZALES

-

-Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came to the

-convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel William

-Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio. Sam Houston,

-commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left Washington post-haste for

-Gonzales, to take command of the troops there and go to the aid of

-Travis. He arrived there on the 11th, and at about dark learned from two

-Mexicans who had just arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen

-and its 183 brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later

-by Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans after

-seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She was

-trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when the Texas army

-scouts found her.

-

-The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of Gonzales.

-They were panic-stricken by the general belief that Santa Anna next

-would sweep eastward with his well-trained army, in a drive to wipe the

-rebellious Texans from the face of the earth.

-

-Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas history as the

-“Runaway Scrape.” Men, women and children packed what belongings they

-could take in wagons and carts, on horseback, or on their own backs, and

-fled their homes in terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving

-eastward toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the

-bloodthirsty Santa Anna.

-

-General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops were no

-match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated Gonzales and

-had the rear guard put the town to the torch. The Texans crossed the

-Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse Burnam’s, and camped there for two

-days. Then the army resumed its march down the east bank to Benjamin

-Beason’s crossing, some twenty miles below, near the present town of

-Columbus. Camp was pitched at Beason’s on the 20th.

-

-Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south, the troops

-might have heard the distant rumble and crackle of gunfire. On March 19,

-Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr., commanding about 450 volunteers

-withdrawing from Goliad toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on

-Coleto Creek by General Jose Urrea’s forces of 1200 infantry and 700

-cavalry. Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352 of his

-men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and brutally shot down, by

-order of Santa Anna.

-

-

-                          THE MEXICAN PURSUIT

-

-Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were following the

-colonists. Houston’s scouts reported that General Ramirez y Sesma and

-General Adrian Woll were on the west side of the Colorado with

-approximately 725 troops and General Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this

-time recruits and reinforcements had increased Houston’s army to a

-strength estimated as high as 1200.

-

-The chilling news of Fannin’s defeat, reaching the Texas forces on March

-25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their families beyond

-the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action, but Houston decided to

-continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping his own counsel, he marched

-his army five miles. On the 27th the column reached the timbers of the

-Brazos River bottoms, and on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin,

-on the west bank of the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles

-up the river in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th

-after a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across

-the river from “Bernardo,” on one of the plantations of the wealthy

-Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly a fortnight.[1]

-

-When the _ad interim_ Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos

-learned of the Mexicans’ approach, in mid-March, it fled to Harrisburg.

-President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief, a caustic note,

-prodding him to stop his retreat and fight. Secretary of War Thomas J.

-Rusk arrived at the camp April 4 at Burnet’s direction, to urge Houston

-to a more aggressive course.

-

-Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna decided to take

-possession of the coast and seaports, as a step in his plan to round up

-the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos at Fort Bend (now called

-Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican general proceeded on April 14 on the

-road to Harrisburg, taking with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder

-cannon. Urrea was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere

-between Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend, with

-about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and Fort Bend, with

-nearly 1800 men.

-

-    [Illustration: Route of Sam Houston’s army (line of crosses) from

-    San Felipe to San Jacinto, with stops at Groce’s, Donoho’s,

-    McCurley’s, Burnett’s, White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.]

-

-Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he learned that the

-Burnet government had gone down Buffalo Bayou to New Washington (now

-Morgan’s Point), about eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg,

-Santa Anna sped after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New

-Washington he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.

-Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.

-

-

-                        THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO

-

-Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce’s received two small

-cannon, known to history as the “Twin Sisters,” a gift from citizens of

-Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston, after a consultation

-with Rusk, decided to move on to the east side of the Brazos. The river

-being very high, the steamboat “Yellow Stone” and a yawl were used to

-ferry the army horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on

-the 12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.

-

-On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain Moseley Baker,

-and other commanders of detachments assigned to delaying actions, to

-rejoin the main army at the house of Charles Donoho, about three miles

-from Groce’s. At Donoho’s the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas

-crossed the road south from Groce’s.

-

-On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of Samuel McCurley

-on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The creek forms the boundary

-line between Harris and Montgomery counties. Three miles beyond

-McCurley’s was the home of Abram Roberts at a settlement known as “New

-Kentucky.” At Roberts’ two wagon trails crossed, one leading to

-Harrisburg and the other to Robbins’ Ferry on the Trinity and on to the

-Sabine.

-

-Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials, believed

-that Houston’s strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans to the Sabine

-River, the eastern border of Texas. There, it was known, were camped

-United States troops under General Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the

-Texans might turn on their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17,

-when Roberts’ place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road

-instead of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification

-of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the home of Matthew

-Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from McCurley’s. On April 18 the

-army marched twenty miles to White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of

-the present city of Houston, and only about eight miles from

-Harrisburg—now a part of Houston.

-

-From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus “Deaf” Smith, the famous Texas

-spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had burned Harrisburg and

-had gone down the west side of the bayou and of San Jacinto River, and

-that Santa Anna in person was in command. In his march downstream Santa

-Anna had been forced to cross the bridge over Vince’s Bayou, a tributary

-of Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross the same

-bridge to return.

-

-Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th, Houston

-told his troops it looked as if they would soon get action. And he

-admonished them to remember the massacres at San Antonio and at Goliad.

-

-“Remember the Alamo!” The soldiers took up the cry. “Remember

-Goliad!”[2]

-

-In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:

-

-“This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only

-chance for saving Texas.”

-

-In an address “To the People of Texas” he wrote:

-

-“We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved for the contest,

-and must conquer or perish.... We must act now or abandon all hope.”

-

-Houston’s force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near the home of

-Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg, on the evening

-of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick and non-effective, were left with

-the baggage at the camp opposite Harrisburg. The march was continued

-until midnight.

-

-

-                          ON THE EVE OF BATTLE

-

-At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the bayou, to

-intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch’s ferry, near the juncture of Buffalo

-Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured a boat laden with supplies

-for Santa Anna. This probably was some of the plunder of Harrisburg or

-New Washington. Ascertaining that none of the enemy forces had crossed,

-the Texans drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped

-in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.

-

-That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment of

-cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing on a general action.

-In the clash two Texans were wounded—one of them, Olwyn J. Trask,

-mortally—and several horses were killed. In this preliminary skirmish

-Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private from Georgia (later President of the

-Republic of Texas), so distinguished himself that on the next day he was

-placed in command of the cavalry.

-

-Santa Anna’s blue-uniformed army made camp under the high ground

-overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a mile from the Texas camp.

-They threw up breastworks of trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other

-equipment. Both sides prepared for the expected conflict.

-

-The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine day. Refreshed

-by a breakfast of bread made with flour from the captured supplies and

-meat from beeves slaughtered the day before, they were eager to attack

-the enemy. They could see Santa Anna’s flags floating over the enemy

-camp, and heard the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.

-

-It was discovered at about nine o’clock that General Martin Perfecto de

-Cos had crossed Vince’s bridge, about eight miles behind the Texans’

-camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling the enemy forces to about

-1265. General Houston ordered “Deaf” Smith and a detail to destroy the

-bridge and prevent further enemy reinforcements.[3] This also would

-prevent the retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward

-Harrisburg. In dry weather Vince’s Bayou was about fifty feet wide and

-ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several times

-wider and deeper.

-

-    [Illustration: Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of

-    Texas army and Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry,

-    Artillery and Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna’s breastworks.]

-

-Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war with Colonels

-Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels Henry Millard,

-Alexander Somervell and Joseph L. Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two

-of the officers suggested attacking the enemy in his position, while the

-others favored awaiting Santa Anna’s attack. Houston withheld his own

-views, but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted it

-to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.

-

-

-                       THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO

-

-General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about 3:30 in the

-afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet; many of the foemen

-were enjoying their customary _siesta_. The Texans’ movements were

-screened by the trees and the rising ground, and evidently Santa Anna

-had no lookouts posted.

-

-Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary garb, the

-Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. “Now hold your fire,

-men,” he warned in his deep voice, “until you get the order!”

-

-At the command, “Advance,” the patriots, 910 strong, moved quickly out

-of the woods and over the rise, deploying.[4] Bearded and ragged from

-forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking band. But their long

-rifles were clean and well oiled. Only one company, Captain William

-Wood’s “Kentucky Rifles,” originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore

-uniforms.

-

-The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson’s regiment in the

-center; Sherman’s on the left wing; the artillery, under George W.

-Hockley, on Burleson’s right; the infantry, under Henry Millard, on the

-right of the artillery; and the cavalry, led by Lamar, on the extreme

-right.

-

-Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the prairie and

-swale that was No Man’s land, the men bending low. A soldier’s fife

-piped up with “Will You Come to the Bower,”[5] a popular tune of the

-day. That was the only music of the battle.

-

-As the troops advanced, “Deaf” Smith galloped up and told Houston,

-“Vince’s bridge has been cut down.” The General announced it to the men.

-Now both armies were cut off from retreat in all directions but one, by

-a roughly circular moat formed by Vince’s and Buffalo Bayous to the west

-and north, San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes

-and the bay to the east and southeast.

-

-At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide thongs, were

-wheeled into position and belched their charges of iron slugs into the

-enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led by Sherman’s men, sprang

-forward on the run, yelling, “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember Goliad!”

-All together they opened fire, blazing away practically point-blank at

-the surprised and panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the

-breastworks, seized the enemy’s artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand

-combat, emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing

-right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores under the

-impact of the savage assault.

-

-General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried to rally the

-swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men became crazed with fright.

-Many threw down their guns and ran; many wailed, “Me no Alamo!” “Me no

-Goliad!” But their pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists

-reloaded and chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing

-them, clubbing them to death.

-

-From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,

-frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the prairie

-and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the Alamo and Goliad

-followed and slew them, or drove them into the waters to drown. Men and

-horses, dead and dying, in the morass in the rear and right of the

-Mexican camp, formed a bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened

-the water. General Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of

-his men was beyond restraint.

-

-    [Illustration: Sam Houston]

-

-    [Illustration: The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San

-    Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.]

-

-Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince’s bridge, only to

-find that the bridge was gone. In desperation, some of the flying

-horsemen spurred their mounts down the steep bank; some dismounted and

-plunged into the swollen stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly

-fire into the welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was

-virtually impossible.

-

-

-General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory, his ankle

-shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where he had slept the

-previous night he fainted and slid from his horse into the arms of Major

-Hockley, his chief of staff.

-

-As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented to him

-as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who had surrendered formally

-with about 400 men.

-

-The casualties, according to Houston’s official report, numbered 630

-Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner. As against this

-heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or mortally wounded, and

-thirty wounded less seriously. Most of their injuries came from the

-first scattered Mexican volley when the attackers stormed their

-barricade. The Texans captured a large supply of muskets, pistols,

-sabers, mules, horses, provisions, clothing, tents and paraphernalia,

-and $12,000 in silver.

-

-

-                       THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA

-

-Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day General

-Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding territory for him.

-In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester[6] spotted a Mexican slipping

-through the woods toward Vince’s Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades

-caught the fugitive trying to hide in the high grass. He wore a common

-soldier’s apparel—round jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and

-soldier’s shoes.

-

-They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican prisoners

-recognized him and cried, “El Presidente!” Thus his identity was

-betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below the Rio Grande. He was

-brought to General Houston, who lay under the headquarters oak, nursing

-his wounded foot.

-

-The Mexican President pompously announced, “I am General Antonio Lopez

-de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your disposition.”

-

-General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly. He sent for

-young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala Jr. to act as

-interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as the excited Texas

-soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence. He pleaded for the

-treatment due a prisoner of war. “You can afford to be generous,” he

-whined; “you have captured the Napoleon of the West.”

-

-“What claim have you to mercy?” Houston retorted, “when you showed none

-at the Alamo or at Goliad?”

-

-They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala and Almonte as

-interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to write an order commanding

-all Mexican troops to evacuate Texas. Later, treaties were signed at

-Velasco, looking to the adjustment of all differences and the

-recognition of Texas independence.

-

-

-Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute battle which

-established Texas as a free republic and opened the way for the United

-States to extend its boundaries to the Rio Grande on the southwest and

-to the Pacific on the west. Few military engagements in history have

-been more decisive or of more far-reaching ultimate influence than the

-battle of San Jacinto.

-

-    [Illustration: Outline of Texas]

-

-

-

-

-                      Opposing Commanders’ Reports

-

-

-It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of San Jacinto

-written by leaders of the opposing Texan and Mexican forces.

-

-General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement to

-President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed his movements

-during the three days preceding the battle, and then said:

-

-“_About nine o’clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy were

-reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of General Cos,

-increasing their effective force to upward of 1500 men, whilst our

-aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At half-past three o’clock

-in the evening, I ordered the officers of the Texian army to parade

-their respective commands, having in the meantime ordered the bridge on

-the only road communicating with the Brazos, distant eight miles from

-the encampment, to be destroyed—thus cutting off all possibility of

-escape. Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious

-for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed only to

-increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened their anxiety

-for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an opportunity of making the

-arrangements preparatory to the attack without exposing our designs to

-the enemy. The first regiment, commanded by Colonel Burleson, was

-assigned to the center. The second regiment, under the command of

-Colonel Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under

-special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General, was

-placed on the right of the first regiment; and four companies of

-infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry Millard, sustained the

-artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61 in number, commanded by

-Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose gallant and daring conduct on the

-previous day had attracted the admiration of his comrades), completed

-our line. Our cavalry was first dispatched to the front of the enemy’s

-left, for the purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive

-island of timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,

-and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design of the

-troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the whole advancing

-rapidly in line, and through an open prairie, without any protection

-whatever for our men. The artillery advanced and took station within 200

-yards of the enemy’s breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with

-grape and canister._

-

-“_Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced the action upon

-our left wing, the whole line, at the center and on the right, advancing

-in double quick time, rung the war-cry, ‘Remember the Alamo!’ received

-the enemy’s fire, and advanced within point blank shot, before a piece

-was discharged from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until

-they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy’s breastwork—the

-right wing of Burleson’s and the left of Millard’s taking possession of

-the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly charged up within seventy

-yards of the enemy’s cannon, when it was taken by our troops. The

-conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close action

-until we were in possession of the enemy’s encampment, taking one piece

-of cannon (loaded), four stand of colors, all their camp equipage,

-stores and baggage. Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy

-upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did not cease

-until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned before—Captain

-Karnes, always among the foremost in danger, commanding the pursuers.

-The conflict in the breastwork lasted but a few moments; many of the

-troops encountered hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of

-bayonets on our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs,

-breaking many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past

-four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until twilight. A guard

-was then left in charge of the enemy’s encampment, and our army returned

-with our killed and wounded. In the battle, our loss was two killed and

-twenty-three wounded, six of them mortally. The enemy’s loss was 630

-killed ... wounded 208 ... prisoners 730...._”

-

-

-                       MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE

-

-General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a brief and

-untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an alibi blaming

-General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had ordered Filisola to join

-him by forced marches, for the attack on Houston’s army, and was waiting

-for the reinforcements when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto.

-He continued:

-

-“_At two o’clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had fallen asleep

-in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would moderate so that I might

-begin the march (to find Filisola), when the filibusterers surprised my

-camp with admirable skill. Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and

-finding myself surrounded by those people, threatening me with their

-rifles and overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was

-obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by his

-criminal disobedience._”

-

-This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which Santa Anna

-recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops in the battle until

-“the new recruits threw everything into confusion, breaking their ranks

-and preventing veterans from making use of their arms, whilst the enemy

-was rapidly advancing with loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a

-victory which they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of.”

-

-Then, _El Presidente_ went on:

-

-“_All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I found

-myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp ...

-offered me his horse, with the tenderest and most urging expressions

-insisted on my riding off the field.... I remembered that General

-Filisola was only seventeen leagues off, and I took my direction toward

-him, darting through the enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride

-of one league and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the

-bridge over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit._

-

-    [Illustration: ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA]

-

-“_I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded in

-concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night coming on I escaped

-them, and the hope of reaching the army gave me strength. I crossed the

-creek with the water up to my breast and continued my route on foot. I

-found, in a house which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing,

-which enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o’clock a.m., while I

-was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again. Such is the

-history of my capture. On account of my change of apparel they did not

-recognize me, and inquired whether I had seen Santa Anna. To this I

-answered that he had made his escape; and this answer saved me from

-assassination, as I have since been given to understand._”

-

-

-Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna’s staff, gave a more detailed and

-more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He told how Santa Anna, his

-staff and most of the men were asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm

-of the Texan advance. Some of the men were out gathering boughs for

-shelter; cavalrymen were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:

-

-“_I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe the

-movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a mere line of

-one rank, and very extended. In their center was the Texas flag; on both

-wings, they had two light cannons, well manned. Their cavalry was

-opposite our front, overlapping our left. In this disposition yelling

-furiously, with a brisk fire of grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced

-resolutely upon our camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General

-Castrillon shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving

-orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down and avoid

-the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency._

-

-“_Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified, and

-sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to force some of

-them to fight, but all efforts were in vain—the evil was beyond remedy;

-they were a bewildered and panic-stricken herd._

-

-“_The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods. Presently

-we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of their clamor.

-Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like upon our deserted

-camp._

-

-“_Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost excitement,

-wringing his hands, and unable to give an order. General Castrillon was

-stretched on the ground, wounded in the leg. Colonel Trevino was killed,

-and Colonel Marcial Aguirre was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy

-reaching the ordnance train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who

-had been detailed to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the

-previous evening._”

-

-In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans wrought the

-worst carnage of the battle.

-

-“_There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been all over with

-us had not Providence placed us in the hands of the noble and generous

-captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great exertion, saved us repeatedly

-from being slaughtered by the drunken and infuriated volunteers._”

-

-    [Illustration: Star]

-

-

-               San Jacinto Museum of History Association

-

-                           BOARD OF TRUSTEES

-

-                    George A. Hill, Jr., _President_

-                      L. W. Kemp, _Vice President_

-                   W. B. Bates, _Secretary-Treasurer_

-                               A. C. Finn

-                          Mrs. Madge W. Hearne

-                      Dorothy W. Estes, _Director_

-

-

-                   San Jacinto State Park Commission

-

-                       J. Perry Moore, _Chairman_

-                                Mary Tod

-                             W. E. Kendall

-

-

-

-

-                          San Jacinto Monument

-

-

-The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the scene of the

-historic conflict between Sam Houston’s pioneers and Santa Anna’s

-Mexican invaders, was erected as a memorial to the Texas heroes,

-commemorating the Centennial of 1836. Appropriations aggregating

-$1,866,148 were made by the State of Texas and the Federal Government

-for the construction of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto

-State Park. Of this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building

-the monument.

-

-On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle of San

-Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was broken for the

-monument. Among the participants was General Andrew Jackson Houston,

-only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief of the Texas Army at San

-Jacinto. The monument, 570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21,

-1939.

-

-The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn fossilized

-limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County, Texas. The interior

-walls are highly polished. The base of the building is 124 feet square

-and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet square at the base and 30 feet at

-the top.

-

-On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the ground, a

-frieze 178 feet around and 15½ feet high shows in relief the history of

-Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans to the present day. This

-was executed by William McVey, Houston sculptor.

-

-On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved inscriptions,

-summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution. Each of these

-eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and the letters in the

-inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by L. W. Kemp with

-collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert Gambrell and other

-historical authorities, they epitomize the whole evolution of Texas

-independence in approximately 600 words.

-

-    [Illustration: San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum]

-

-There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The entrance is

-through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two spacious rooms. The

-south room houses the exhibits relating to the Spanish and Mexican

-period of Texas history, many of them donated by Colonel and Mrs. George

-A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the north room relate to the Anglo-American

-period until the beginning of the War between the States. An entrance

-lobby from the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the

-observation deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery

-for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting the north

-and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic life.

-

-Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument. One,

-in the south room, records the names of the 910 heroes who fought in the

-battle; the other, in the north room, lists the 248 men of Houston’s

-army, mostly sick and non-effectives, who were detailed to remain at the

-camp established opposite Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W.

-Kemp. In this booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.

-

-The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed by the

-W. S. Bellows Construction Company of Houston.

-

-Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is financed,

-without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee charged for

-riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by the sale of

-souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association, which operates

-the monument, is a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws

-of Texas, November 7, 1938. Members of the Association’s board of

-trustees are nominated by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved

-by the State Board of Control.

-

-

-                       THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH

-

-It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas coast

-during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now known as San Jacinto

-River so choked with water hyacinths (a mauve species of lily that still

-abounds in this region) that they could not pass. They called it the

-“hyacinth stream.” From that name evolved “San Jacinto”—Spanish for

-“Saint Hyacinth.”

-

-Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave the battlefield

-its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured, while conversing

-with a group of Texan officers inquired concerning the correct name of

-the field. One officer is supposed to have answered “Lynchburg,” but

-Wharton suggested “San Jacinto.”

-

-The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three miles from

-the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park of 402 acres. It is

-situated near the confluence of San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou—now

-the Houston Ship Channel—not far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural

-beauty. The land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild

-flowers here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor.

-Nowhere else in this section are more luxuriant mossy “beards” to be

-found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.

-

-The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg—known in

-the old days as “Lynch’s Ferry”—was one of the early settlements of

-Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along the wide stream and adjacent

-lagoons were once popular as homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou

-from the battleground was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, _ad interim_

-Vice President of the Republic.

-

-Nearby lived David G. Burnet, _ad interim_ President. Later General

-Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from the battlefield. It

-is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister of the Republic of Texas

-to England, had his home at about the site of present Goose Creek, not

-far from Lynchburg.

-

-    [Illustration: Entrance to monument]

-

-

-

-

-                      Texas Revolution Epitomized

-

-

-The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed on the exterior

-of the monument’s base in eight panels, is as follows:

-

-  THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN

-  EXTREMELY LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO

-  TAXES OR DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS

-  AND MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN

-  IN 1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO.

-  THEIR UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.

-

-  IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC

-  TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE

-  BATTLE OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2,

-  FOLLOWED: IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS. STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN,

-  “FATHER OF TEXAS”, WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834, AND HELD IN MEXICO

-  WITHOUT TRIAL UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED AN ARMY, AND ON

-  NOVEMBER 12, 1835, ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.

-

-  THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS

-  AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN

-  SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN

-  GARRISON AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY

-  THE TEXANS, OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED DECEMBER 10, 1835

-  AFTER FIVE DAYS OF FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE BENJAMIN R. MILAM

-  DIED A HERO, AND THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.

-

-  TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.

-  FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES

-  GRANT’S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET

-  TRAVIS AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6,

-  WILLIAM WARD WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14, AMON B. KING’S MEN

-  WERE EXECUTED NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES WALKER FANNIN AND HIS

-  ARMY WERE PUT TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.

-

-  ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL

-  SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK,

-  ATTACKED THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA

-  ANNA. THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY

-  SHERMAN’S REGIMENT, EDWARD BURLESON’S REGIMENT, THE ARTILLERY

-  COMMANDED BY GEORGE W. HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD’S INFANTRY AND THE

-  CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR. SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.

-

-  WITH THE BATTLE CRY, “REMEMBER THE ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!” THE TEXANS

-  CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE, RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES, THEN

-  FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE. THE

-  SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE

-  FOLLOWING DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED

-  “NAPOLEON OF THE WEST,” RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS FOE THE MERCY HE HAD

-  DENIED TRAVIS AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.

-

-  CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT SAN

-  JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,

-  ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA, MAINE, MARYLAND,

-  MASSACHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW

-  YORK, NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH

-  CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT, VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA,

-  ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY, MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND

-  SCOTLAND.

-

-  MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES

-  OF THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM MEXICO WON HERE LED TO

-  ANNEXATION AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE

-  UNITED STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA,

-  CALIFORNIA, UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING, KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA.

-  ALMOST ONE-THIRD OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN NATION, NEARLY A

-  MILLION SQUARE MILES OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.

-

-

-

-

-                            Brigham Monument

-

-

-                       DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR

-

-Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal memorial

-on the battlefield was a plain square spire monument of Rutland

-variegated marble, fifteen and one-half feet high, which with the base

-stands seventeen feet. After its dedication it was placed at the grave

-of Benjamin R. Brigham, one of the nine Texans who were killed or

-mortally wounded in the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception,

-were buried on the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.

-Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in 1879

-Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise funds by public

-subscription to erect a joint monument where their bodies lay, the grave

-of Brigham was alone recognizable.

-

-The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies August

-25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General Sam Houston, being the

-orator of the occasion. On April 23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature

-purchased for $1,500, ten acres of land surrounding the monument. This

-was the beginning of the present San Jacinto State Park.

-

-Carved on the east front of the monument is:

-                      “DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR”

-

-Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a wreath of

-oak and laurel leaves.

-

-Beneath the star:

-                            “B. R. BRIGHAM”

-

-On the base:

-                             “SAN JACINTO”

-

-Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are cut two

-stars on each front and one above the band on the east front. These

-represent the nine who fell in the battle.

-

-    [Illustration: Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the

-    nine dead at San Jacinto.]

-

-    [Illustration: Marker at site of Santa Anna’s surrender at San

-    Jacinto.]

-

-On the north front, beneath the heading:

-

-                      “TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE”

-

-is recorded the statement of General Houston:

-

-“_This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only

-chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have looked for

-reinforcements in vain: We will only have about seven hundred men to

-march with besides the camp guard. We go on to conquer. It is wisdom

-growing out of necessity to meet the enemy now. Every consideration

-enforces it. No previous occasion would justify it. The troops are in

-fine spirits and now is the time for action. We shall use our best

-efforts to fight the enemy to such advantage as will insure victory

-though the odds are greatly against us._

-

-“_I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon His

-providence._

-

-“_My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right for which

-we fight will be secured, and Texas free._”

-

-Below this is inscribed:

-                          “REMEMBER THE ALAMO”

-

-On the south front beneath the heading:

-                       “THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE”

-

-is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:

-

-“_The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced, but, at

-the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence rose in

-Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by the clouds of

-despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and pursued with ardour

-the annals of war; we have contemplated, with the highest emotions of

-sublimity, the loud roaring thunder, the desolating tornado, and the

-withering simoon of the desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired

-us with emotions like those felt on this occasion! There was a general

-cry which pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA BAHIA!

-These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The unerring aim and

-irresistible energy of the Texan army could not be withstood, it was

-freemen fighting against the minions of tyranny and the result proved

-the inequality of such a contest._”

-

-And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston’s

-charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:

-                      “WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER”

-

-On the west front:

-

-                 “This monument stands at the grave of

-                         BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM

-                who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836

-

-                              “Nearby rest

-

-                         LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY

-                              JOHN C. HALE

-                             GEORGE A. LAMB

-                         DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY

-                             MATHIAS COOPER

-                          THOMAS PATTON FOWLE

-                           ASHLEY R. STEPHENS

-

- “Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto

-

-                            “OLWYN J. TRASK

- died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound

-he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April

-                               20, 1836.

-

- “This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens

-   of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to

-           perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess”

-

-On the base following this tribute is the war cry,

-                           “REMEMBER GOLIAD”

-

-    [Illustration: MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER

-

-THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE

-

-GENERAL HOUSTON    APRIL 19 1836

-

-OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT

-HERE APRIL 21 1836 OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY]

-

-

-

-

-                           The Roll of Honor

-

-

-One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls of the San

-Jacinto museum records the names of the officers and men of the Texas

-army who fought in the battle on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of

-the previous day. The other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or

-non-effective, who were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.

-

-Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:

-

-  Adams, Thomas Jefferson

-  Aldrich, Collin

-  Alexander, Jerome B.

-  Allen, John Melville

-  Allison, John C.

-  Allison, Moses

-  Alsbury, Horace Arlington

-  Alsbury, Young Perry

-  Anderson, Washington

-  Andrews, Micah

-  Angel, John

-  Anson, Orin D.

-  Armot, W. S.

-  Armstrong, Irwin

-  Arnold, Hayden

-  Arocha, Jose Maria

-  Arocha, Manuel

-  Arreola, Simon

-  Atkinson, Milton B.

-  Avery, Willis

-

-  Bailey, Alexander

-  Bailey, Howard W.

-  Bain, Noel M.

-  Baker, Daniel Davis D.

-  Baker, Joseph

-  Baker, Moseley

-  Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin

-  Balch, John

-  Bancroft, Jethro Russell

-  Banks, Reason

-  Barcinas, Andres

-  Bardwell, Soloman B.

-  Barker, George

-  Barkley, John A.

-  Barr, Robert

-  Barstow, Joshua

-  Bateman, William

-  Barton, Jefferson A.

-  Barton, Wayne

-  Barton, Elder B.

-  Baxter, Montgomery

-  Baylor, Dr. John Walker

-  Bear, Isaac H.

-  Beard, Andrew Jackson

-  Beason, Leander

-  Beauchamp, John

-  Beebe, John N.

-  Begley, John

-  Belden, John

-  Belknap, Thomas

-  Bell, James Madison

-  Bell, Peter Hansbrough

-  Bell, Thomas Henry

-  Bennett, Joseph L.

-  Bennett, W. B.

-  Bennett, William

-  Benson, Ellis

-  Benton, Alfred

-  Benton, Daniel

-  Bernardi, Prospero

-  Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick

-  Berry, Andrew Jackson

-  Berryhill, William M.

-  Billingsley, Jesse

-  Bingham, Mathias A.

-  Bird, James

-  Birt, Samuel Pearce

-  Bissett, Robert B.

-  Blackwell, Thomas

-  Blakey, Lemuel Stockton

-  Bledsoe, George L.

-  Blue, Uriah

-  Bollinger, Ephriam

-  Bollinger, Peter

-  Bond, Henry

-  Booker, Dr. Shields

-  Boom, Garret E.

-  Borden, John Pettit

-  Borden, Paschal Pavolo

-  Bostick, Sion Record

-  Bottsford, Seymour

-  Bowen, William Robert

-  Box, James Edward

-  Box, John Andrew

-  Box, Nelson

-  Box, Thomas Griffin

-  Boyd, James C.

-  Boyle, William

-  Bradley, Isaac B.

-  Bradley, James

-  Brake, Michael J.

-  Branch, Edward Thomas

-  Breeding, Fidelie S.

-  Breedlove, A. W.

-  Brenan, William

-  Brewer, Henry Mitchell

-  Brewster, Henry Percy

-  Brigham, Benjamin Rice

-  Brigham, Moses W.

-  Briscoe, Andrew

-  Brookfield, Francis E.

-  Brooks, Thomas D.

-  Brown, David

-  Brown, George J.

-  Brown, Oliver T.

-  Brown, Wilson C.

-  Browning, George Washington

-  Bruff, Christopher Columbus

-  Bryan, Luke O.

-  Bryan, Moses Austin

-  Bryant, Benjamin Franklin

-  Buffington, Anderson

-  Buford, Thomas Young

-  Bullock, David M.

-  Bunton, John Wheeler

-  Burleson, Aaron

-  Burleson, Edward

-  Burnam, John Hickerson

-  Burnam, William Owen

-  Burton, Isaac Watts

-  Bust, Luke W.

-  Butts, Augustus J.

-

-  Caddell, Andrew

-  Cage, Benjamin Franklin

-  Calder, Robert James

-  Caldwell, Pinckney

-  Callicoatte, John B.

-  Callihan, Thomas Jefferson

-  Campbell, Joseph

-  Campbell, Michael

-  Cannan, William Jarvis

-  Carmona, Ceasario

-  Carnal, Patrick

-  Carpenter, John W.

-  Carper, Dr. William M.

-  Carr, John

-  Carter, Robert W. P.

-  Cartwright, Matthew Winston

-  Cartwright, William P.

-  Caruthers, Allen

-  Casillas, Gabriel

-  Cassidy, John W.

-  Chadduck, Richard H.

-  Chaffin, James A.

-  Chapman, Henry S.

-  Chavenoe, Michael

-  Cheairs, John F.

-  Cheevers, John

-  Chenoweth, John

-  Chiles, Lewis L.

-  Choate, David, Jr.

-  Christie, John

-  Clapp, Elisha

-  Clark, James

-  Clark, John

-  Clark, William

-  Clarke, Charles A.

-  Clarkson, Charles

-  Clayton, Joseph Alvey

-  Clelens, Josh

-  Clemmons, Lewis Chapman

-  Clemmons, William H.

-  Cleveland, Horatio N.

-  Clopper, ——

-  Coble, Adam

-  Cochran, Jeremiah D.

-  Coffman, Elkin G.

-  Coker, John

-  Cole, Benjamin L.

-  Cole, David

-  Coleman, Robert M.

-  Collard, Job Starks

-  Collins, Willis

-  Collinsworth, James

-  Colton, William

-  Conlee, Preston

-  Conn, James

-  Connell, Sampson

-  Connor, James

-  Cook, James R.

-  Cooke, Francis Jarvis

-  Cooke, Thomas

-  Cooke, William Gordon

-  Cooper, Mathias

-  Corry, Thomas F.

-  Corzine, Hershel

-  Cox, Lewis

-  Cox, Thomas

-  Craddock, John Robert

-  Craft, James A.

-  Craft, Russell B.

-  Craig, Henry R.

-  Crain, Joel Burditt

-  Crain, Roden Taylor

-  Cravens, Robert M.

-  Crawford, Robert

-  Criswell, William Vanoy

-  Crittenden, Robert

-  Crittenden, William

-  Crosby, Ganey

-  Crunk, Nicholas S.

-  Cruz, Antonio

-  Cumba, James

-  Cumberland, George

-  Cunningham, Leander Calvin

-  Curbiere, Antonio

-  Curbiere, Matias

-  Curtis, Hinton

-  Curtis, James, Sr.

-

-  Dale, Elijah Valentine

-  Dallas, Walter Riddle

-  Dalrymple, John

-  Darling, Socrates

-  Darr, George

-  Darst, Edmund Calloway

-  Darst, Richard Brownfield

-  Davey, Thomas P.

-  Davidson, John F.

-  Davis, Abner C.

-  Davis, George Washington

-  Davis, James P.

-  Davis, Jesse Kencheloe

-  Davis, Moses H.

-  Davis, Samuel

-  Davis, Travis

-  Davis, Washington H.

-  Dawson, Nicholas Mosby

-  Day, William

-  Deadrick, David

-  Deadrick, Fielding

-  Deadrick, George M.

-  Denham, M. H.

-  Denman, Colden

-  Dennis, Thomas Mason

-  De Vore, Cornelius

-  DeWitt, James C.

-  Dibble, Henry

-  Dillard, Abraham

-  Dixon, James W.

-  Doan, Joseph

-  Doolittle, Berry

-  Doubt, Daniel L.

-  Douthet, James

-  Dubromer, Dr. Tobias

-  Duffee, William

-  Dunbar, William

-  Duncan, John

-  Dunham, Daniel T.

-  Dunn, Matthew

-  Durham, William Daniel

-  Dutcher, Alfred

-

-  Earl, William

-  Eastland, William Mosby

-  Edgar, Joseph Smith

-  Edingburg, Christopher Columbus

-  Edson, Amos B.

-  Edwards, Isiah

-  Edwards, Tilford C.

-  Egbert, James D.

-  Eggleston, Horace

-  Ehlinger, Joseph

-  Eldridge, James J.

-  Ellinger, Joseph

-  Elliot, James D.

-  Elliot, Peter S.

-  Ellis, Willis L.

-  Enriquez, Lucio

-  Erath, George Bernhard

-  Evetts, James H.

-  Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray

-  Eyler, Jacob

-

-  Faris, Hezekiah

-  Farley, Thomas M.

-  Farmer, James

-  Farrish, Oscar

-  Farwell, Joseph

-  Fennell, George

-  Ferrell, John P.

-  Ferrill, William L.

-  Fields, Henry

-  Finch, Matthew

-  Fisher, William

-  Fisher, William S.

-  Fitch, Benjamin Franklin

-  Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.

-  Flick, John

-  Flores, Manuel

-  Flores, Martin

-  Flores, Nepomuceno

-  Floyd, Joseph

-  Flynn, Thomas

-  Foard, Charles A.

-  Fogle, Andrew

-  Foley, Steven Tucker

-  Forbes, George Washington

-  Forbes, John

-  Ford, Simon Peter

-  Forrester, Charles

-  Foster, Anthony

-  Foster, John Ray

-  Fowle, Thomas Patton

-  Fowler, Styles J.

-  Fowler, Thomas M.

-  Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell

-  Frazer, Hugh

-  Freele, James

-  Fry, Benjamin Franklin

-  Fullerton, William

-

-  Gafford, John

-  Gage, Calvin

-  Gainer, John N.

-  Gallaher, Edward

-  Gallatin, Albert

-  Gammell, William

-  Gant, William W.

-  Gardner, George Washington

-  Garner, John

-  Garwood, S. Joseph

-  Gay, Thomas

-  Gedry, Lefroy

-  Gentry, Frederick Browder

-  Giddings, Giles Albert

-  Gilbert, John Floyd

-  Gill, John Porter

-  Gill, William

-  Gillaspie, James

-  Gillespie, Luke John

-  Glidwell, Abner

-  Goheen, Michael R.

-  Goodloe, Robert Kemp

-  Goodwin, Lewis

-  Graham, John

-  Graves, Alexander S.

-  Graves, Thomas A.

-  Gray, James

-  Gray, Mayberry B.

-  Green, B.

-  Green, George

-  Green, James

-  Green, Thomas

-  Greenlaw, Augus

-  Greenwood, James

-  Greer, Thomas N. B.

-  Grice, James B.

-  Grieves, David

-  Griffin, William

-  Grigsby, Crawford

-  Gross, Jacob

-  Gustine, Dr. Lemuel

-

-  Halderman, Jesse

-  Hale, John C.

-  Hale, William

-  Hall, James S.

-  Hall, John

-  Hallet, John, Jr.

-  Hallmark, William Calvert

-  Halstead, E. B.

-  Hamilton, Elias E.

-  Hancock, George Duncan

-  Handy, Robert Eden

-  Hanson, Thomas

-  Hardaway, Samuel G.

-  Hardeman, Thomas Monroe

-  Hardin, Benjamin Franklin

-  Harmon, Clark M.

-  Harmon, John A.

-  Harness, William

-  Harper, Benjamin J.

-  Harper, John

-  Harper, Peter

-  Harris, Andrew Jackson

-  Harris, James

-  Harris, Temple Overton

-  Harrison, A. L.

-  Harrison, Elzy

-  Harvey, David

-  Harvey, John

-  Haskins, Thomas A.

-  Hassell, John W.

-  Hawkins, William J.

-  Hawkins, William Washington

-  Hayr, James

-  Hays, William C.

-  Hazen, Nathaniel C.

-  Heard, William Jones Elliot

-  Heck, Charles F.

-  Henderson, Francis K.

-  Henderson, Hugh

-  Henderson, Robert

-  Henderstrom, Augustus

-  Henry, Charles M.

-  Henry, Robert

-  Herrera, Pedro

-  Herron, John Harvey

-  Hickox, Franklin B.

-  Higsmith, Ahijah M.

-  Hill, Abraham Webb

-  Hill, H.

-  Hill, Isaac Lafayette

-  Hill, James Monroe

-  Hobson, John

-  Hockley, George Washington

-  Hogan, Josiah

-  Hogan, Thomas

-  Holder, Prior A.

-  Holman, Sanford

-  Holmes, Peter W.

-  Homan, Harvey

-  Hood, Robert

-  Hope, Prosper

-  Hopson, Lucien

-  Horton, Alexander

-  Hotchkiss, Rinaldo

-  Houston, Samuel

-  Howard, William C.

-  Howell, Robert F.

-  Hueser, John A.

-  Hughes, Thomas M.

-  Hunt, John Campbell

-  Hyland, Joseph

-

-  Ijams, Basil G.

-  Ingram, Allen

-  Ingram, John

-  Irvine, James Thomas Patton

-  Irvine, Josephus Somerville

-  Isbell, James H.

-  Isbell, William

-

-  Jack, William Houston

-  Jackson, W. R.

-  James, Denward

-  Jaques, Isaac L.

-  Jennings, James D.

-  Jett, James Matthew

-  Jett, Stephen

-  Johnson, Benjamin

-  Johnson, George

-  Johnson, George J.

-  Johnson, James

-  Johnson, John R.

-  Johnson, John R.

-  Johnston, Thomas F.

-  Jones, Allen B.

-  Jones, Dr. Anson

-  Jones, David J.

-  Jones, Edward S.

-  Jones, George Washington

-  Jordan, Alfred S.

-  Joslin, James

-

-  Karner, John

-  Karnes, Henry Wax

-  Kelly, Connell O’Donnell

-  Kelso, Alfred

-  Kenkennon, William P.

-  Kennard, William Stephens

-  Kent, Joseph

-  Kenyon, Amos D.

-  Kibbe, William

-  Kimbro, William

-  Kincheloe, Daniel R.

-  King, W.

-  Kleburg, Robert Justus

-  Kornegay, David Smith

-  Kraatz, Lewis

-  Kuykendall, Matthew

-

-  Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp’s

-  Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte

-  Lamar, Shelly W.

-  Lamb, George A.

-  Lambert, Walter

-  Lane, Walter Paye

-  Lang, George Washington

-  Lapham, Moses

-  Larbarthrier, Charles

-  Larrison, Allen

-  Lasater, Francis B.

-  Lawrence, George Washington

-  Lawrence, Joseph

-  Lealand, James

-  Leek, George W.

-  Leeper, Samuel

-  Legg, Seneca

-  Legrand, Edward Oswald

-  Lemsky, Frederick

-  Lessassier, Alexander

-  Lester, James Seaton

-  Leuders, Ferdinand

-  Lewellyn, John

-  Lewis, Abraham

-  Lewis, Archibald S.

-  Lewis, Edward

-  Lewis, John Edward

-  Lightfoot, William W.

-  Lightfoot, Wilson T.

-  Lind, John F.

-  Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.

-  Loderback, John D.

-  Logan, William M.

-  Lolison, Abiah

-  Lonis, George Washington

-  Loughridge, William Wallace

-  Love, David Hall

-  Love, Robert S.

-  Lowary, John L.

-  Lupton, Cyrus W.

-  Lyford, John

-  Lynch, Nicholas

-

-  Magill, William Harrison

-  Maiden, Isaac

-  Maldonado, Juan

-  Malone, Charles

-  Mancha, Jose Maria

-  Manning, James M.

-  Manuel, Albert C.

-  Marner, John

-  Marre, Achelle

-  Marsh, Alonzo

-  Marshall, John Ligett

-  Martin, Joseph

-  Martin, Philip

-  Mason, Charles

-  Mason, George W.

-  Massey, William

-  Maxwell, Pierre Menard

-  Maxwell, Thomas

-  Maybee, Jacob

-  Mays, Ambrose

-  Mays, Thomas H.

-  McAllister, Joseph

-  McClelland, Samuel

-  McCloskey, Robert D.

-  McCorlay, Placide B.

-  McCormick, Joseph Manton

-  McCoy, John

-  McCoy, William

-  McCrabb, John

-  McCrabb, Joseph

-  McCullough, Benjamin

-  McFadin, David Hutcheson

-  McFarlane, John W. B.

-  McGary, Daniel H.

-  McGary, Isaac

-  McGay, Thomas

-  McGown, Andrew Jackson

-  McHorse, John W.

-  McIntire, Thomas H.

-  McIntire, William

-  McKay, Daniel

-  McKenzie, Hugh

-  McKinza, Alexander

-  McKneely, Samuel M.

-  McLaughlin, Robert

-  McLaughlin, Stephen

-  McLean, McDougald

-  McMillan, Edward

-  McNeel, Pleasant D.

-  McNelly, Bennett

-  McStea, Andrew M.

-  Menchaca, Jose Antonio

-  Menefee, John Sutherland

-  Mercer, Eli

-  Mercer, Elijah G.

-  Mercer, George Richie

-  Merritt, Robert

-  Merwin, Joseph W.

-  Miles, Alfred H.

-  Miles, Edward

-  Millard, Henry

-  Millen, William A.

-  Miller, Daniel

-  Miller, Hugh

-  Miller, Joseph

-  Miller, William H.

-  Millerman, Ira

-  Millett, Samuel

-  Mills, Andrew Granville

-  Mims, Benjamin Franklin

-  Minnitt, Joshua.

-  Mitchell, Alexander S.

-  Mitchell, James

-  Mitchell, Nathen

-  Mitchell, S. B.

-  Mixon, Noel

-  Mock, William N.

-  Molino, Jose

-  Money, John Hamilton

-  Montgomery, Andrew M.

-  Montgomery, John

-  Montgomery, Robert W.

-  Moore, Robert

-  Moore, Robert D.

-  Moore, Samuel

-  Moore, William P.

-  Mordorff, Henry

-  Moreland, Isaac N.

-  Morgan, Hugh

-  Morris, Jonathan D.

-  Morton, John

-  Mosier, Adam

-  Moss, John

-  Moss, Matthew Mark

-  Mottley, Dr. Junius William

-  Murphree, David

-  Murphy, Daniel

-  Murray, William

-  Myrick, Eliakin P.

-

-  Nabers, Robert

-  Nabers, William

-  Nash, James H.

-  Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno

-  Neal, John C.

-  Nealis, Francis

-  Neill, James Clinton

-  Nelson, David S.

-  Nelson, James

-  Newman, William P.

-  Noland, Eli

-

-  O’Banion, Jennings

-  O’Connor, Patrick B.

-  O’Connor, Thomas

-  Odem, David

-  O’Driscoll, Daniel

-  O’Neil, John

-  Orr, Thomas

-  Osborne, Benjamin S.

-  Ownsby, James P.

-

-  Pace, Dempsey Council

-  Pace, James Robert

-  Pace, Wesley Walker

-  Pace, William Carroll

-  Park, Joseph Belton

-  Park, William A.

-  Parker, Dickerson

-  Parrott, C. W.

-  Paschall, Samuel

-  Pate, William H.

-  Patterson, James S.

-  Patton, St. Clair

-  Patton, William

-  Patton, William Hester

-  Pearce, Edward

-  Pearce, William J. C.

-  Peck, Nathaniel

-  Peck, Nicholas

-  Peebles, Samuel W.

-  Pena, Jacinto

-  Penticost, George Washington

-  Perry, Daniel

-  Perry, James Hazard

-  Peterson, John

-  Peterson, William

-  Pettus, Edward Cratic

-  Pettus, John Freeman

-  Petty, George Washington

-  Peveto, Michael, Jr.

-  Phelps, James A. E.

-  Phillips, Eli

-  Phillips, Samuel

-  Phillips, Sydney

-  Pickering, John

-  Pinchback, James R.

-  Plaster, Thomas Pliney

-  Pleasants, John

-  Plunkett, John

-  Poe, George Washington

-  Powell, James

-  Pratt, Thomas A. S.

-  Proctor, Joseph W.

-  Pruitt, Levi

-  Pruitt, Martin

-  Putnam, Mitchell

-

-  Rainey, Clement

-  Rainwater, Edwin R.

-  Ramey, Lawrence

-  Ramirez, Eduardo

-  Raymond, Samuel B.

-  Reaves, Dimer W.

-  Rector, Claiborne

-  Rector, Elbridge Gerry

-  Rector, Pendleton

-  Redd, William Davis

-  Reed, Henry

-  Reed, Nathaniel

-  Reel, Robert J. W.

-  Reese, Charles Keller

-  Reese, Washington Perry

-  Rheinhart, Asa

-  Rhodes, Joseph

-  Rial, John W.

-  Richardson, Daniel

-  Richardson, John

-  Richardson, Lewis

-  Richardson, William

-  Ripley, Phineas

-  Robbins, John

-  Robbins, Thomas

-  Roberts, David

-  Roberts, Zion

-  Robinson, George Washington

-  Robinson, James W.

-  Robinson, Jesse

-  Robinson, Thomas Jefferson

-  Robinson, William

-  Robison, Joel Walter

-  Rockwell, Chester B.

-  Rodriquez, Ambrosio

-  Roeder, Louis Von

-  Roman, Richard

-  Rounds, Lyman Frank

-  Rowe, James

-  Ruddell, John

-  Rudder, Nathaniel

-  Rusk, David

-  Rusk, Thomas Jefferson

-  Russell, Robert Benedict

-  Ryans, Thomas

-

-  Sadler, John

-  Sadler, William Turner

-  Sanders, John

-  Sanders, Uriah

-  Sanett, D. Andrew

-  Sayers, John

-  Scallorn, John Wesley

-  Scarborough, Paul

-  Scates, William Bennett

-  Scott, David

-  Scott, William P.

-  Scurry, Richardson A.

-  Seaton, George Washington

-  Secrest, Fielding Grundy

-  Secrest, Washington Hampton

-  Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno

-  Self, George

-  Sergent, W.

-  Sevey, Manasseh

-  Sevey, Ralph E.

-  Shain, Charles B.

-  Sharp, John

-  Shaw, James

-  Sherman, Sidney

-  Shesten, Henry

-  Shreve, John Milton

-  Shupe, Samuel

-  Sigmon, Abel

-  Simmons, William

-  Slack, Joseph H.

-  Slayton, John

-  Smith, Benjamin Fort

-  Smith, Erastus

-  Smith, George

-  Smith, James Monroe

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John N. O.

-  Smith, Leander

-  Smith, Maxlin

-  Smith, Robert W.

-  Smith, William

-  Smith, William C.

-  Smith, William H.

-  Smith, William M.

-  Snell, Martin Kingsley

-  Snyder, Asberry McKendree

-  Somervell, Alexander

-  Sovereign, Joseph

-  Sparks, Stephen Franklin

-  Spicer, Joseph A.

-  Spillman, James H.

-  Stancell, John F.

-  Standifer, Jacob Littleton

-  Standifer, William Bailey

-  Stibbins, Charles C.

-  Steel, Maxwell

-  Steele, Alfonso

-  Stephens, Ashley R.

-  Stephenson, John Allen

-  Stevenson, R.

-  Stevenson, Robert

-  Stewart, Charles

-  Stewart, James

-  Stilwell, William S.

-  Stouffer, Henry S.

-  Stout, William B.

-  Stroh, Phillip

-  Stroud, John W.

-  Stump, John S.

-  Sullivan, Dennis

-  Summers, William W.

-  Sutherland, George

-  Swain, William L.

-  Swearingen, Valentine Wesley

-  Swearingen, William C.

-  Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson

-  Sweeny, William Burrell

-  Swift, Hugh Montgomery

-  Swisher, Henry H.

-  Swisher, John Milton

-  Sylvester, James Austin

-

-  Tanner, Edward M.

-  Tarin, Manuel

-  Tarlton, James

-  Taylor, Abraham R.

-  Taylor, Campbell

-  Taylor, Edward W.

-  Taylor, John B.

-  Taylor, John N.

-  Taylor, Thomas

-  Taylor, William S.

-  Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.

-  Thomas, Algernon P.

-  Thompson, Charles P.

-  Thompson, Cyrus W.

-  Thompson, James B.

-  Thompson, Jesse G.

-  Threadgill, Joshua

-  Tierwester, Henry H.

-  Tindale, Daniel

-  Tindall, William Pike

-  Tinsley, James W.

-  Tom, John Files

-  Townsend, Spencer Burton

-  Townsend, Stephen

-  Trask, Olwyn J.

-  Trenary, John B.

-  Tumlinson, John James

-  Turnage, Shelby C.

-  Turner, Amasa

-  Tyler, Charles C.

-  Tyler, Robert D.

-

-  Usher, Patrick

-  Utley, Thomas C.

-

-  Vandeveer, Logan

-  Van Winkle, John

-  Vermillion, Joseph D.

-  Vinator, James

-  Viven, John

-  Votaw, Elijah

-

-  Wade, John Marshall

-  Waldron, C. W.

-  Walker, James

-  Walker, Martin

-  Walker, Philip

-  Walker, William S.

-  Walling, Jesse

-  Walmsley, James

-  Walnut, Francis

-  Wardziski, Felix

-  Ware, William

-  Waters, George

-  Waters, William

-  Watkins, James E.

-  Watson, Dexter

-  Webb, George

-  Webb, Thomas H.

-  Weedon, George

-  Welch, James

-  Wells, James A.

-  Wells, Lysander

-  Weppler, Phillip

-  Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf

-  Westgate, Ezra C.

-  Wharton, James

-  Wharton, John Austin

-  Wheeler, Samuel L.

-  Whitaker, Madison G.

-  White, John Carey

-  White, Joseph E.

-  White, Levi W.

-  Whitesides, Elisha S.

-  Wilcox, Ozwin

-  Wilder, Joseph

-  Wildy, Samuel

-  Wilkinson, Freeman

-  Wilkinson, James

-  Wilkinson, James G., Jr.

-  Wilkinson, John

-  Wilkinson, Leroy

-  Williams, Charles

-  Williams, Francis F.

-  Williams, Hezekiah Reams

-  Williams, Matthew R.

-  Williams, William F.

-  Williamson, John W.

-  Williamson, Robert McAlpin

-  Willoughby, Leiper

-  Wilmouth, Louis

-  Wilson, James

-  Wilson, Thomas

-  Wilson, Walker

-  Winburn, McHenry

-  Winn, Walter

-  Winters, James Washington

-  Winters, John Frelan

-  Winters, William Carvin

-  Wood, Edward B.

-  Wood, William

-  Woodlief, Deveraux J.

-  Woods, Samuel

-  Woodward, F. Marion

-  Woolsey, Abner W.

-  Wright, George Washington

-  Wright, Rufus

-  Wyly, Alfred Henderson

-

-  Yancy, John

-  Yarborough, Swanson

-  York, James Allison

-  Young, William Foster

-

-  Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.

-  Zumwalt, Andrew

-

-

-Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers and

-men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established

-opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades who

-guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main army.

-

-  Abbott, Calvin P.

-  Abbott, Launcelot

-  Allphin, Ransom

-  Anderson, John D.

-  Anderson, John W.

-  Anderson, Thomas

-  Anderson, Thomas P.

-  Atkinson, John

-

-  Baker, Walter Elias

-  Barker, William

-  Bartlett, Jesse

-  Beams, Obediah P.

-  Belcher, Isham G.

-  Bennett, James

-  Benton, Jesse, Jr.

-  Berry, John Bate

-  Black, Albert

-  Blaylock, James B.

-  Blount, Stephen William

-  Bomar, Dr. William W.

-  Bond, George

-  Bostick, James H.

-  Box, Stilwell

-  Boyce, Jeptha

-  Bracey, McLin

-  Bradley, Daniel

-  Breeding, John

-  Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte

-  Brown, Alexander

-  Brown, Robert

-  Bryody, Patrick

-  Burch, James

-  Burch, Valentine

-  Burditt, Newell W.

-  Burditt, William Buck

-  Burleson, Jonathan

-  Burtrang, Thomas

-

-  Campbell, David Wilson

-  Campbell, Heil Otem

-  Campbell, John

-  Campbell, Rufus Easton

-  Cannon, Thomas

-  Caruthers, Young

-  Casey, George M.

-  Castleman, Jacob

-  Chamberlin, Willard

-  Chance, Joseph Bell

-  Chelaup, James K.

-  Childress, James R.

-  Cockrell, John R.

-  Coe, Philip Haddox

-  Cole, James

-  Collard, James Hillness

-  Collard, Jonathan S.

-  Connell, David C.

-  Conner, Evan

-  Cook, Octavious A.

-  Cottle, Sylvanus

-  Cox, Phillip

-  Crawford, John B.

-  Crier, Andrew

-  Crownover, Arter

-

-  Darst, Emory Holman

-  Davis, John

-  Davis, William Francis H.

-  Dickinson, Edward

-  Douglass, Freeman Walker

-  Douglass, Jonathan

-  Duff, James Carson

-  Dunn, Josiah G.

-

-  Emmons, Calvin Brallery

-  Etheridge, Godfrey

-  Evans, Moses

-

-  Farley, Massillon

-  Farnsworth, Oliver

-  Finley, Benjamin C.

-  Fisk, Greenleaf

-  Fitzgerald, Lankford

-  Francis, Miller

-  Freed, Henry

-  Freeman, Thomas

-

-  Gillett, Samuel S.

-  Goolsey, William G.

-  Gordon, James

-  Gorham, Isaac

-  Gorham, William

-  Granville, Benjamin

-  Gravis, John A. F.

-  Grimes, Frederick Miller

-  Grimes, George W.

-

-  Haggard, Henry H.

-  Hale, Jonas

-  Hallmark, Alfred M.

-  Harbour, John Monroe

-  Harbour, T. J.

-  Hardin, Ennis

-  Harris, Isaac

-  Hatfield, Basil Muse

-  Head, Wiley M.

-  Hensley, John M.

-  Hill, David

-  Hill, William Warner

-  Hinds, James B.

-  Hodge, Archibald

-  Hodge, James

-  Hodge, Robert

-  Hodge, William

-  Holcombe, James J.

-  Hollingsworth, James

-  Hope, Richard

-  Hughes, James

-  Hunter, Robert Hancock

-

-  Jackson, Joseph

-  Johnson, Joseph Ranson

-  Johnson, Nathan B.

-  Jones, Keeton McLemore

-

-  Kemp, Thomas

-  Kennard, William Everett

-  Kenney, William H.

-  Kerr, William P.

-  Kokernot, Daniel L.

-  Kuykendall, Adam

-  Kuykendall, Brazilla

-  Kuykendall, Gibson

-  Kuykendall, H. A.

-  Kuykendall, James Hampton

-  Kuykendall, John

-  Kuykendall, Thornton S.

-

-  Law, Garret

-  Lee, Hiram

-  Lee, Theodore Staunton

-  Lightfoot, Henry L.

-  Litton, Addison

-  Litton, Jesse

-  Litton, John

-  Liverall, A.

-  Lloyd, Peterson

-  Lynch, Joseph Penn

-

-  Manning, James H.

-  Mantin, L.

-  Marshall, Elias J.

-  Marshall, Hugh Lewis

-  Marshall, John, Jr.

-  Marshall, Joseph Taylor

-  Marshall, Samuel B.

-  Mather, Elisha

-  Maurry, James

-  McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey

-  McFaddin, Nathaniel A.

-  McFadin, William M.

-  McFall, Samuel

-  McGown, Samuel

-  McIntire, William

-  McLaughlin, James

-  McLaughlin, William

-  McMaster, William

-  McMillan, Andrew

-  McMillan, James

-  McNutt, Robert

-  Means, William

-  Merritt, Robert

-  Moore, Azariah G.

-  Moore, John D.

-  Moore, Lewis

-  Moore, Morris

-  Morris, Burrel

-  Morris, George

-  Morris, James H.

-  Morris, Spencer

-  Newton, John

-  Norment, Thomas

-

-  Owen, James D.

-

-  Page, Soloman Calvin

-  Parker, Wiley

-  Peebles, Richard Rodgers

-  Pennington, J. M.

-  Perry, Sion W.

-  Perry, William M.

-  Pettus, William

-  Pevehouse, Preston

-  Pier, James B.

-  Pleasants, George Washington

-  Polk, Thomas

-  Polk, William P.

-  Potts, R.

-  Prewitt, Elisha

-  Price, Hardy William Brown

-  Price, Perry

-  Price, Robert

-  Price, William

-

-  Rankin, David

-  Raper, Daniel

-  Reamos, Sherwood Y.

-  Rhodes, John B.

-  Rhorer, Conrad

-  Ricks, George Washington

-  Robbins, Early

-  Roberts, Stephen R.

-  Robertson, Sterling Clack

-  Robinett, Enoch

-  Robinett, James M.

-  Robinson, Benjamin W.

-  Robinson, James

-  Rowlett, Alexander W.

-

-  Scaggs, John H.

-  Scott, Robert

-  Seaton, George Washington

-  Sharp, John

-  Simpson, Jeremiah W.

-  Smith, John G.

-  Smith, William A.

-  Smith, William P.

-  Smith, William W.

-  Snodgrass, J. G.

-  Splane, Peyton R.

-  Splane, Thomas M.

-  Stephens, John

-  Stevenson, Thomas B.

-  Swoap, Benjamin Franklin

-

-  Taylor, Josiah

-  Teal, Henry

-  Thompson, Thomas

-  Tinnett, Robert

-  Tollett, Wesley

-  Tong, John B.

-  Townsend, Moses

-  Townsend, P. John

-  Townsend, Stephen

-  Townsend, William

-

-  Vardeman, Henry W.

-  Varner, Martin

-  Vaughan, Richard

-

-  Walker, John

-  Walker, Josiah

-  Walling, John C.

-  Whitehead, Nicholas

-  Whitlock, Robert

-  Wilburn, Ransom

-  Williams, Edward

-  Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.

-  Williams, Jesse

-  Winnett, Robert

-  Winters, Agabus

-  Wood, William Riley

-  Woods, Joseph H.

-  Wright, Gilbert

-

-  Yarborough, Joseph Randolph

-

-  Zuber, William Physick

-

-

-

-

-                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

-

-

-Frontispiece “Battle of San Jacinto” is a photograph of a painting by

-Henry A. McArdle.

-

-Sam Houston’s picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching

-made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.

-

-Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the

-inscriptions.

-

-Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype

-in the Museum.

-

-The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender

-marker also are by Paul Peters.

-

-The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of

-a painting by W. H. Huddle.

-

-The map showing the route of Sam Houston’s army was drawn by L. W. Kemp.

-Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.

-

-    [Illustration: Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield

-    in memory of the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San

-    Jacinto.

-

-The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet in

-circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters of

-the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and was

-dedicated April 21, 1940.]

-

-

-

-

-                               Footnotes

-

-

-[1]This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian

-    John Henry Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he

-    owned which was situated in the present county of Grimes, and known

-    as “Groce’s Retreat.”

-

-[2]Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the

-    battle said the battle cry was “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember La

-    Bahia!”

-

-[3]With “Deaf” Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young

-    P. Alsbury, John Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R.

-    Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.

-

-[4]In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said

-    783 Texans took part. Yet in a roster published later he listed 845

-    officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight omitted Captain

-    Alfred H. Wyly’s Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,

-    Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point.

-    Conclusive evidence in official records brings the total number at

-    San Jacinto up to 910.

-

-[5]Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was “Yankee

-    Doodle.”

-

-[6]With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison,

-    Joseph D. Vermillion, Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.

-

-

-

-

-                          Transcriber’s Notes

-

-

-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook

-  is public-domain in the country of publication.

-

-—Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

-

-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by

-  _underscores_.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-***** This file should be named 57849-0.txt or 57849-0.zip *****

-This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:

-        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will

-be renamed.

-

-Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright

-law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,

-so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United

-States without permission and without paying copyright

-royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part

-of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm

-concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,

-and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive

-specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this

-eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook

-for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,

-performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given

-away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks

-not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the

-trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

-

-START: FULL LICENSE

-

-THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

-PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

-

-To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free

-distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work

-(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full

-Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at

-www.gutenberg.org/license.

-

-Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-

-1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to

-and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property

-(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all

-the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or

-destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your

-possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a

-Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound

-by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the

-person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph

-1.E.8.

-

-1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be

-used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who

-agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few

-things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See

-paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this

-agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

-

-1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the

-Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection

-of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual

-works in the collection are in the public domain in the United

-States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the

-United States and you are located in the United States, we do not

-claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,

-displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as

-all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope

-that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting

-free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm

-works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the

-Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily

-comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the

-same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when

-you share it without charge with others.

-

-1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern

-what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are

-in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,

-check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this

-agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,

-distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any

-other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no

-representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any

-country outside the United States.

-

-1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

-

-1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

-immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear

-prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work

-on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the

-phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,

-performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

-

-  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and

-  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no

-  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it

-  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this

-  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the

-  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you

-  are located before using this ebook.

-

-1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is

-derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not

-contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the

-copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in

-the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are

-redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply

-either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or

-obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted

-with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution

-must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any

-additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms

-will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works

-posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the

-beginning of this work.

-

-1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this

-work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

-

-1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

-electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without

-prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with

-active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm License.

-

-1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,

-compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including

-any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access

-to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format

-other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official

-version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site

-(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense

-to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means

-of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain

-Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the

-full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

-

-1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

-performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works

-unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

-access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-provided that

-

-* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from

-  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method

-  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed

-  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has

-  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid

-  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are

-  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty

-  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in

-  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg

-  Literary Archive Foundation."

-

-* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies

-  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he

-  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all

-  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue

-  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm

-  works.

-

-* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

-  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the

-  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of

-  receipt of the work.

-

-* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free

-  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

-

-1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than

-are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing

-from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The

-Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

-

-1.F.

-

-1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable

-effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread

-works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project

-Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may

-contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate

-or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other

-intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or

-other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or

-cannot be read by your equipment.

-

-1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right

-of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all

-liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal

-fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT

-LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE

-PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE

-TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE

-LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR

-INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

-DAMAGE.

-

-1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a

-defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can

-receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a

-written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you

-received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium

-with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you

-with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in

-lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person

-or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second

-opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If

-the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing

-without further opportunities to fix the problem.

-

-1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth

-in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO

-OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT

-LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

-

-1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

-warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of

-damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement

-violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the

-agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or

-limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or

-unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the

-remaining provisions.

-

-1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the

-trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone

-providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in

-accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the

-production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,

-including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of

-the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this

-or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or

-additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any

-Defect you cause.

-

-Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of

-electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of

-computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It

-exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations

-from people in all walks of life.

-

-Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

-assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's

-goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will

-remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure

-and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future

-generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see

-Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at

-www.gutenberg.org

-

-

-

-Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

-

-The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit

-501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the

-state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal

-Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification

-number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by

-U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

-

-The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the

-mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its

-volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous

-locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt

-Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to

-date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and

-official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

-

-For additional contact information:

-

-    Dr. Gregory B. Newby

-    Chief Executive and Director

-    gbnewby@pglaf.org

-

-Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg

-Literary Archive Foundation

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide

-spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of

-increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be

-freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest

-array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations

-($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt

-status with the IRS.

-

-The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

-charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United

-States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a

-considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up

-with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations

-where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND

-DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular

-state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we

-have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition

-against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who

-approach us with offers to donate.

-

-International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

-any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from

-outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

-

-Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation

-methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other

-ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To

-donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.

-

-Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be

-freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and

-distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of

-volunteer support.

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed

-editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in

-the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not

-necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper

-edition.

-

-Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search

-facility: www.gutenberg.org

-

-This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,

-including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to

-subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

-

+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign
+
+Author: Edward Wolf Kilman
+        Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    [Illustration: THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO]
+
+
+
+
+                             THE BATTLE OF
+                              SAN JACINTO
+                               _and the_
+                          SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN
+
+
+    [Illustration: Flags]
+
+                                   by
+                        L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman
+
+                            COPYRIGHT, 1947
+                                   by
+                        L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN
+                            Second Printing
+
+                Printed in the United States of America
+                  The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston
+
+
+
+
+                       The Battle of San Jacinto
+                               _and the_
+                          San Jacinto Campaign
+
+
+                                FOREWORD
+
+San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto, one of the
+world’s decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where, with cries of “Remember
+the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910
+pioneers routed Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of
+Mexico and self-styled “Napoleon of the West,” with his proud army, and
+changed the map of North America!
+
+Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century ... a
+story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim hardship, tragedy
+and romance ... the story of the epochal battle that established the
+independent Lone Star Republic, on April 21, 1836, and indelibly
+inscribed the names of Texas patriots on history’s scroll of American
+immortals.
+
+The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes, but it
+was in the making for six years. It had its prelude in the oppressive
+Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further emigration of
+Anglo-Americans from the United States to Texas; in the disturbance at
+Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco, in 1832; in the imprisonment of
+Stephen F. Austin, the “Father of Texas,” in Mexico in 1834.
+
+Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at Gonzales, the
+capture of Goliad, the “Grass Fight,” and the siege and capture of San
+Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration of Independence at
+Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, officially signalized the
+revolution.
+
+
+                         RETREAT FROM GONZALES
+
+Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came to the
+convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel William
+Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio. Sam Houston,
+commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left Washington post-haste for
+Gonzales, to take command of the troops there and go to the aid of
+Travis. He arrived there on the 11th, and at about dark learned from two
+Mexicans who had just arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen
+and its 183 brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later
+by Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans after
+seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She was
+trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when the Texas army
+scouts found her.
+
+The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of Gonzales.
+They were panic-stricken by the general belief that Santa Anna next
+would sweep eastward with his well-trained army, in a drive to wipe the
+rebellious Texans from the face of the earth.
+
+Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas history as the
+“Runaway Scrape.” Men, women and children packed what belongings they
+could take in wagons and carts, on horseback, or on their own backs, and
+fled their homes in terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving
+eastward toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the
+bloodthirsty Santa Anna.
+
+General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops were no
+match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated Gonzales and
+had the rear guard put the town to the torch. The Texans crossed the
+Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse Burnam’s, and camped there for two
+days. Then the army resumed its march down the east bank to Benjamin
+Beason’s crossing, some twenty miles below, near the present town of
+Columbus. Camp was pitched at Beason’s on the 20th.
+
+Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south, the troops
+might have heard the distant rumble and crackle of gunfire. On March 19,
+Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr., commanding about 450 volunteers
+withdrawing from Goliad toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on
+Coleto Creek by General Jose Urrea’s forces of 1200 infantry and 700
+cavalry. Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352 of his
+men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and brutally shot down, by
+order of Santa Anna.
+
+
+                          THE MEXICAN PURSUIT
+
+Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were following the
+colonists. Houston’s scouts reported that General Ramirez y Sesma and
+General Adrian Woll were on the west side of the Colorado with
+approximately 725 troops and General Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this
+time recruits and reinforcements had increased Houston’s army to a
+strength estimated as high as 1200.
+
+The chilling news of Fannin’s defeat, reaching the Texas forces on March
+25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their families beyond
+the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action, but Houston decided to
+continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping his own counsel, he marched
+his army five miles. On the 27th the column reached the timbers of the
+Brazos River bottoms, and on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin,
+on the west bank of the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles
+up the river in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th
+after a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across
+the river from “Bernardo,” on one of the plantations of the wealthy
+Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly a fortnight.[1]
+
+When the _ad interim_ Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos
+learned of the Mexicans’ approach, in mid-March, it fled to Harrisburg.
+President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief, a caustic note,
+prodding him to stop his retreat and fight. Secretary of War Thomas J.
+Rusk arrived at the camp April 4 at Burnet’s direction, to urge Houston
+to a more aggressive course.
+
+Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna decided to take
+possession of the coast and seaports, as a step in his plan to round up
+the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos at Fort Bend (now called
+Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican general proceeded on April 14 on the
+road to Harrisburg, taking with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder
+cannon. Urrea was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere
+between Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend, with
+about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and Fort Bend, with
+nearly 1800 men.
+
+    [Illustration: Route of Sam Houston’s army (line of crosses) from
+    San Felipe to San Jacinto, with stops at Groce’s, Donoho’s,
+    McCurley’s, Burnett’s, White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.]
+
+Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he learned that the
+Burnet government had gone down Buffalo Bayou to New Washington (now
+Morgan’s Point), about eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg,
+Santa Anna sped after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New
+Washington he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.
+Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.
+
+
+                        THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO
+
+Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce’s received two small
+cannon, known to history as the “Twin Sisters,” a gift from citizens of
+Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston, after a consultation
+with Rusk, decided to move on to the east side of the Brazos. The river
+being very high, the steamboat “Yellow Stone” and a yawl were used to
+ferry the army horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on
+the 12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.
+
+On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain Moseley Baker,
+and other commanders of detachments assigned to delaying actions, to
+rejoin the main army at the house of Charles Donoho, about three miles
+from Groce’s. At Donoho’s the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas
+crossed the road south from Groce’s.
+
+On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of Samuel McCurley
+on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The creek forms the boundary
+line between Harris and Montgomery counties. Three miles beyond
+McCurley’s was the home of Abram Roberts at a settlement known as “New
+Kentucky.” At Roberts’ two wagon trails crossed, one leading to
+Harrisburg and the other to Robbins’ Ferry on the Trinity and on to the
+Sabine.
+
+Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials, believed
+that Houston’s strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans to the Sabine
+River, the eastern border of Texas. There, it was known, were camped
+United States troops under General Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the
+Texans might turn on their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17,
+when Roberts’ place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road
+instead of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification
+of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the home of Matthew
+Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from McCurley’s. On April 18 the
+army marched twenty miles to White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of
+the present city of Houston, and only about eight miles from
+Harrisburg—now a part of Houston.
+
+From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus “Deaf” Smith, the famous Texas
+spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had burned Harrisburg and
+had gone down the west side of the bayou and of San Jacinto River, and
+that Santa Anna in person was in command. In his march downstream Santa
+Anna had been forced to cross the bridge over Vince’s Bayou, a tributary
+of Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross the same
+bridge to return.
+
+Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th, Houston
+told his troops it looked as if they would soon get action. And he
+admonished them to remember the massacres at San Antonio and at Goliad.
+
+“Remember the Alamo!” The soldiers took up the cry. “Remember
+Goliad!”[2]
+
+In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:
+
+“This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only
+chance for saving Texas.”
+
+In an address “To the People of Texas” he wrote:
+
+“We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved for the contest,
+and must conquer or perish.... We must act now or abandon all hope.”
+
+Houston’s force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near the home of
+Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg, on the evening
+of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick and non-effective, were left with
+the baggage at the camp opposite Harrisburg. The march was continued
+until midnight.
+
+
+                          ON THE EVE OF BATTLE
+
+At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the bayou, to
+intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch’s ferry, near the juncture of Buffalo
+Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured a boat laden with supplies
+for Santa Anna. This probably was some of the plunder of Harrisburg or
+New Washington. Ascertaining that none of the enemy forces had crossed,
+the Texans drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped
+in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.
+
+That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment of
+cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing on a general action.
+In the clash two Texans were wounded—one of them, Olwyn J. Trask,
+mortally—and several horses were killed. In this preliminary skirmish
+Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private from Georgia (later President of the
+Republic of Texas), so distinguished himself that on the next day he was
+placed in command of the cavalry.
+
+Santa Anna’s blue-uniformed army made camp under the high ground
+overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a mile from the Texas camp.
+They threw up breastworks of trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other
+equipment. Both sides prepared for the expected conflict.
+
+The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine day. Refreshed
+by a breakfast of bread made with flour from the captured supplies and
+meat from beeves slaughtered the day before, they were eager to attack
+the enemy. They could see Santa Anna’s flags floating over the enemy
+camp, and heard the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.
+
+It was discovered at about nine o’clock that General Martin Perfecto de
+Cos had crossed Vince’s bridge, about eight miles behind the Texans’
+camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling the enemy forces to about
+1265. General Houston ordered “Deaf” Smith and a detail to destroy the
+bridge and prevent further enemy reinforcements.[3] This also would
+prevent the retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward
+Harrisburg. In dry weather Vince’s Bayou was about fifty feet wide and
+ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several times
+wider and deeper.
+
+    [Illustration: Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of
+    Texas army and Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry,
+    Artillery and Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna’s breastworks.]
+
+Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war with Colonels
+Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels Henry Millard,
+Alexander Somervell and Joseph L. Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two
+of the officers suggested attacking the enemy in his position, while the
+others favored awaiting Santa Anna’s attack. Houston withheld his own
+views, but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted it
+to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.
+
+
+                       THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO
+
+General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about 3:30 in the
+afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet; many of the foemen
+were enjoying their customary _siesta_. The Texans’ movements were
+screened by the trees and the rising ground, and evidently Santa Anna
+had no lookouts posted.
+
+Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary garb, the
+Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. “Now hold your fire,
+men,” he warned in his deep voice, “until you get the order!”
+
+At the command, “Advance,” the patriots, 910 strong, moved quickly out
+of the woods and over the rise, deploying.[4] Bearded and ragged from
+forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking band. But their long
+rifles were clean and well oiled. Only one company, Captain William
+Wood’s “Kentucky Rifles,” originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore
+uniforms.
+
+The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson’s regiment in the
+center; Sherman’s on the left wing; the artillery, under George W.
+Hockley, on Burleson’s right; the infantry, under Henry Millard, on the
+right of the artillery; and the cavalry, led by Lamar, on the extreme
+right.
+
+Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the prairie and
+swale that was No Man’s land, the men bending low. A soldier’s fife
+piped up with “Will You Come to the Bower,”[5] a popular tune of the
+day. That was the only music of the battle.
+
+As the troops advanced, “Deaf” Smith galloped up and told Houston,
+“Vince’s bridge has been cut down.” The General announced it to the men.
+Now both armies were cut off from retreat in all directions but one, by
+a roughly circular moat formed by Vince’s and Buffalo Bayous to the west
+and north, San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes
+and the bay to the east and southeast.
+
+At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide thongs, were
+wheeled into position and belched their charges of iron slugs into the
+enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led by Sherman’s men, sprang
+forward on the run, yelling, “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember Goliad!”
+All together they opened fire, blazing away practically point-blank at
+the surprised and panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the
+breastworks, seized the enemy’s artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand
+combat, emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing
+right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores under the
+impact of the savage assault.
+
+General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried to rally the
+swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men became crazed with fright.
+Many threw down their guns and ran; many wailed, “Me no Alamo!” “Me no
+Goliad!” But their pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists
+reloaded and chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing
+them, clubbing them to death.
+
+From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,
+frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the prairie
+and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the Alamo and Goliad
+followed and slew them, or drove them into the waters to drown. Men and
+horses, dead and dying, in the morass in the rear and right of the
+Mexican camp, formed a bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened
+the water. General Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of
+his men was beyond restraint.
+
+    [Illustration: Sam Houston]
+
+    [Illustration: The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San
+    Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.]
+
+Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince’s bridge, only to
+find that the bridge was gone. In desperation, some of the flying
+horsemen spurred their mounts down the steep bank; some dismounted and
+plunged into the swollen stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly
+fire into the welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was
+virtually impossible.
+
+
+General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory, his ankle
+shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where he had slept the
+previous night he fainted and slid from his horse into the arms of Major
+Hockley, his chief of staff.
+
+As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented to him
+as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who had surrendered formally
+with about 400 men.
+
+The casualties, according to Houston’s official report, numbered 630
+Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner. As against this
+heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or mortally wounded, and
+thirty wounded less seriously. Most of their injuries came from the
+first scattered Mexican volley when the attackers stormed their
+barricade. The Texans captured a large supply of muskets, pistols,
+sabers, mules, horses, provisions, clothing, tents and paraphernalia,
+and $12,000 in silver.
+
+
+                       THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA
+
+Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day General
+Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding territory for him.
+In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester[6] spotted a Mexican slipping
+through the woods toward Vince’s Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades
+caught the fugitive trying to hide in the high grass. He wore a common
+soldier’s apparel—round jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and
+soldier’s shoes.
+
+They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican prisoners
+recognized him and cried, “El Presidente!” Thus his identity was
+betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below the Rio Grande. He was
+brought to General Houston, who lay under the headquarters oak, nursing
+his wounded foot.
+
+The Mexican President pompously announced, “I am General Antonio Lopez
+de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your disposition.”
+
+General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly. He sent for
+young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala Jr. to act as
+interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as the excited Texas
+soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence. He pleaded for the
+treatment due a prisoner of war. “You can afford to be generous,” he
+whined; “you have captured the Napoleon of the West.”
+
+“What claim have you to mercy?” Houston retorted, “when you showed none
+at the Alamo or at Goliad?”
+
+They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala and Almonte as
+interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to write an order commanding
+all Mexican troops to evacuate Texas. Later, treaties were signed at
+Velasco, looking to the adjustment of all differences and the
+recognition of Texas independence.
+
+
+Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute battle which
+established Texas as a free republic and opened the way for the United
+States to extend its boundaries to the Rio Grande on the southwest and
+to the Pacific on the west. Few military engagements in history have
+been more decisive or of more far-reaching ultimate influence than the
+battle of San Jacinto.
+
+    [Illustration: Outline of Texas]
+
+
+
+
+                      Opposing Commanders’ Reports
+
+
+It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of San Jacinto
+written by leaders of the opposing Texan and Mexican forces.
+
+General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement to
+President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed his movements
+during the three days preceding the battle, and then said:
+
+“_About nine o’clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy were
+reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of General Cos,
+increasing their effective force to upward of 1500 men, whilst our
+aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At half-past three o’clock
+in the evening, I ordered the officers of the Texian army to parade
+their respective commands, having in the meantime ordered the bridge on
+the only road communicating with the Brazos, distant eight miles from
+the encampment, to be destroyed—thus cutting off all possibility of
+escape. Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious
+for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed only to
+increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened their anxiety
+for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an opportunity of making the
+arrangements preparatory to the attack without exposing our designs to
+the enemy. The first regiment, commanded by Colonel Burleson, was
+assigned to the center. The second regiment, under the command of
+Colonel Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under
+special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General, was
+placed on the right of the first regiment; and four companies of
+infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry Millard, sustained the
+artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61 in number, commanded by
+Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose gallant and daring conduct on the
+previous day had attracted the admiration of his comrades), completed
+our line. Our cavalry was first dispatched to the front of the enemy’s
+left, for the purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive
+island of timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,
+and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design of the
+troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the whole advancing
+rapidly in line, and through an open prairie, without any protection
+whatever for our men. The artillery advanced and took station within 200
+yards of the enemy’s breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with
+grape and canister._
+
+“_Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced the action upon
+our left wing, the whole line, at the center and on the right, advancing
+in double quick time, rung the war-cry, ‘Remember the Alamo!’ received
+the enemy’s fire, and advanced within point blank shot, before a piece
+was discharged from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until
+they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy’s breastwork—the
+right wing of Burleson’s and the left of Millard’s taking possession of
+the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly charged up within seventy
+yards of the enemy’s cannon, when it was taken by our troops. The
+conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close action
+until we were in possession of the enemy’s encampment, taking one piece
+of cannon (loaded), four stand of colors, all their camp equipage,
+stores and baggage. Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy
+upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did not cease
+until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned before—Captain
+Karnes, always among the foremost in danger, commanding the pursuers.
+The conflict in the breastwork lasted but a few moments; many of the
+troops encountered hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of
+bayonets on our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs,
+breaking many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past
+four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until twilight. A guard
+was then left in charge of the enemy’s encampment, and our army returned
+with our killed and wounded. In the battle, our loss was two killed and
+twenty-three wounded, six of them mortally. The enemy’s loss was 630
+killed ... wounded 208 ... prisoners 730...._”
+
+
+                       MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE
+
+General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a brief and
+untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an alibi blaming
+General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had ordered Filisola to join
+him by forced marches, for the attack on Houston’s army, and was waiting
+for the reinforcements when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto.
+He continued:
+
+“_At two o’clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had fallen asleep
+in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would moderate so that I might
+begin the march (to find Filisola), when the filibusterers surprised my
+camp with admirable skill. Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and
+finding myself surrounded by those people, threatening me with their
+rifles and overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was
+obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by his
+criminal disobedience._”
+
+This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which Santa Anna
+recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops in the battle until
+“the new recruits threw everything into confusion, breaking their ranks
+and preventing veterans from making use of their arms, whilst the enemy
+was rapidly advancing with loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a
+victory which they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of.”
+
+Then, _El Presidente_ went on:
+
+“_All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I found
+myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp ...
+offered me his horse, with the tenderest and most urging expressions
+insisted on my riding off the field.... I remembered that General
+Filisola was only seventeen leagues off, and I took my direction toward
+him, darting through the enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride
+of one league and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the
+bridge over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit._
+
+    [Illustration: ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA]
+
+“_I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded in
+concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night coming on I escaped
+them, and the hope of reaching the army gave me strength. I crossed the
+creek with the water up to my breast and continued my route on foot. I
+found, in a house which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing,
+which enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o’clock a.m., while I
+was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again. Such is the
+history of my capture. On account of my change of apparel they did not
+recognize me, and inquired whether I had seen Santa Anna. To this I
+answered that he had made his escape; and this answer saved me from
+assassination, as I have since been given to understand._”
+
+
+Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna’s staff, gave a more detailed and
+more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He told how Santa Anna, his
+staff and most of the men were asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm
+of the Texan advance. Some of the men were out gathering boughs for
+shelter; cavalrymen were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:
+
+“_I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe the
+movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a mere line of
+one rank, and very extended. In their center was the Texas flag; on both
+wings, they had two light cannons, well manned. Their cavalry was
+opposite our front, overlapping our left. In this disposition yelling
+furiously, with a brisk fire of grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced
+resolutely upon our camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General
+Castrillon shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving
+orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down and avoid
+the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency._
+
+“_Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified, and
+sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to force some of
+them to fight, but all efforts were in vain—the evil was beyond remedy;
+they were a bewildered and panic-stricken herd._
+
+“_The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods. Presently
+we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of their clamor.
+Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like upon our deserted
+camp._
+
+“_Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost excitement,
+wringing his hands, and unable to give an order. General Castrillon was
+stretched on the ground, wounded in the leg. Colonel Trevino was killed,
+and Colonel Marcial Aguirre was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy
+reaching the ordnance train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who
+had been detailed to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the
+previous evening._”
+
+In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans wrought the
+worst carnage of the battle.
+
+“_There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been all over with
+us had not Providence placed us in the hands of the noble and generous
+captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great exertion, saved us repeatedly
+from being slaughtered by the drunken and infuriated volunteers._”
+
+    [Illustration: Star]
+
+
+               San Jacinto Museum of History Association
+
+                           BOARD OF TRUSTEES
+
+                    George A. Hill, Jr., _President_
+                      L. W. Kemp, _Vice President_
+                   W. B. Bates, _Secretary-Treasurer_
+                               A. C. Finn
+                          Mrs. Madge W. Hearne
+                      Dorothy W. Estes, _Director_
+
+
+                   San Jacinto State Park Commission
+
+                       J. Perry Moore, _Chairman_
+                                Mary Tod
+                             W. E. Kendall
+
+
+
+
+                          San Jacinto Monument
+
+
+The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the scene of the
+historic conflict between Sam Houston’s pioneers and Santa Anna’s
+Mexican invaders, was erected as a memorial to the Texas heroes,
+commemorating the Centennial of 1836. Appropriations aggregating
+$1,866,148 were made by the State of Texas and the Federal Government
+for the construction of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto
+State Park. Of this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building
+the monument.
+
+On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle of San
+Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was broken for the
+monument. Among the participants was General Andrew Jackson Houston,
+only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief of the Texas Army at San
+Jacinto. The monument, 570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21,
+1939.
+
+The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn fossilized
+limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County, Texas. The interior
+walls are highly polished. The base of the building is 124 feet square
+and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet square at the base and 30 feet at
+the top.
+
+On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the ground, a
+frieze 178 feet around and 15½ feet high shows in relief the history of
+Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans to the present day. This
+was executed by William McVey, Houston sculptor.
+
+On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved inscriptions,
+summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution. Each of these
+eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and the letters in the
+inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by L. W. Kemp with
+collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert Gambrell and other
+historical authorities, they epitomize the whole evolution of Texas
+independence in approximately 600 words.
+
+    [Illustration: San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum]
+
+There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The entrance is
+through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two spacious rooms. The
+south room houses the exhibits relating to the Spanish and Mexican
+period of Texas history, many of them donated by Colonel and Mrs. George
+A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the north room relate to the Anglo-American
+period until the beginning of the War between the States. An entrance
+lobby from the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the
+observation deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery
+for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting the north
+and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic life.
+
+Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument. One,
+in the south room, records the names of the 910 heroes who fought in the
+battle; the other, in the north room, lists the 248 men of Houston’s
+army, mostly sick and non-effectives, who were detailed to remain at the
+camp established opposite Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W.
+Kemp. In this booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.
+
+The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed by the
+W. S. Bellows Construction Company of Houston.
+
+Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is financed,
+without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee charged for
+riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by the sale of
+souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association, which operates
+the monument, is a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws
+of Texas, November 7, 1938. Members of the Association’s board of
+trustees are nominated by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved
+by the State Board of Control.
+
+
+                       THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH
+
+It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas coast
+during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now known as San Jacinto
+River so choked with water hyacinths (a mauve species of lily that still
+abounds in this region) that they could not pass. They called it the
+“hyacinth stream.” From that name evolved “San Jacinto”—Spanish for
+“Saint Hyacinth.”
+
+Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave the battlefield
+its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured, while conversing
+with a group of Texan officers inquired concerning the correct name of
+the field. One officer is supposed to have answered “Lynchburg,” but
+Wharton suggested “San Jacinto.”
+
+The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three miles from
+the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park of 402 acres. It is
+situated near the confluence of San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou—now
+the Houston Ship Channel—not far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural
+beauty. The land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild
+flowers here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor.
+Nowhere else in this section are more luxuriant mossy “beards” to be
+found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.
+
+The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg—known in
+the old days as “Lynch’s Ferry”—was one of the early settlements of
+Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along the wide stream and adjacent
+lagoons were once popular as homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou
+from the battleground was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, _ad interim_
+Vice President of the Republic.
+
+Nearby lived David G. Burnet, _ad interim_ President. Later General
+Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from the battlefield. It
+is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister of the Republic of Texas
+to England, had his home at about the site of present Goose Creek, not
+far from Lynchburg.
+
+    [Illustration: Entrance to monument]
+
+
+
+
+                      Texas Revolution Epitomized
+
+
+The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed on the exterior
+of the monument’s base in eight panels, is as follows:
+
+  THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN
+  EXTREMELY LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO
+  TAXES OR DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS
+  AND MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN
+  IN 1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO.
+  THEIR UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.
+
+  IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC
+  TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE
+  BATTLE OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2,
+  FOLLOWED: IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS. STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN,
+  “FATHER OF TEXAS”, WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834, AND HELD IN MEXICO
+  WITHOUT TRIAL UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED AN ARMY, AND ON
+  NOVEMBER 12, 1835, ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
+
+  THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS
+  AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN
+  SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN
+  GARRISON AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY
+  THE TEXANS, OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED DECEMBER 10, 1835
+  AFTER FIVE DAYS OF FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE BENJAMIN R. MILAM
+  DIED A HERO, AND THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.
+
+  TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.
+  FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES
+  GRANT’S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET
+  TRAVIS AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6,
+  WILLIAM WARD WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14, AMON B. KING’S MEN
+  WERE EXECUTED NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES WALKER FANNIN AND HIS
+  ARMY WERE PUT TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.
+
+  ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL
+  SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK,
+  ATTACKED THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA
+  ANNA. THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY
+  SHERMAN’S REGIMENT, EDWARD BURLESON’S REGIMENT, THE ARTILLERY
+  COMMANDED BY GEORGE W. HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD’S INFANTRY AND THE
+  CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR. SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.
+
+  WITH THE BATTLE CRY, “REMEMBER THE ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!” THE TEXANS
+  CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE, RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES, THEN
+  FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE. THE
+  SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE
+  FOLLOWING DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED
+  “NAPOLEON OF THE WEST,” RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS FOE THE MERCY HE HAD
+  DENIED TRAVIS AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.
+
+  CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT SAN
+  JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,
+  ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA, MAINE, MARYLAND,
+  MASSACHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW
+  YORK, NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH
+  CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT, VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA,
+  ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY, MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND
+  SCOTLAND.
+
+  MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES
+  OF THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM MEXICO WON HERE LED TO
+  ANNEXATION AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE
+  UNITED STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA,
+  CALIFORNIA, UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING, KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA.
+  ALMOST ONE-THIRD OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN NATION, NEARLY A
+  MILLION SQUARE MILES OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.
+
+
+
+
+                            Brigham Monument
+
+
+                       DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR
+
+Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal memorial
+on the battlefield was a plain square spire monument of Rutland
+variegated marble, fifteen and one-half feet high, which with the base
+stands seventeen feet. After its dedication it was placed at the grave
+of Benjamin R. Brigham, one of the nine Texans who were killed or
+mortally wounded in the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception,
+were buried on the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.
+Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in 1879
+Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise funds by public
+subscription to erect a joint monument where their bodies lay, the grave
+of Brigham was alone recognizable.
+
+The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies August
+25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General Sam Houston, being the
+orator of the occasion. On April 23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature
+purchased for $1,500, ten acres of land surrounding the monument. This
+was the beginning of the present San Jacinto State Park.
+
+Carved on the east front of the monument is:
+                      “DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR”
+
+Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a wreath of
+oak and laurel leaves.
+
+Beneath the star:
+                            “B. R. BRIGHAM”
+
+On the base:
+                             “SAN JACINTO”
+
+Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are cut two
+stars on each front and one above the band on the east front. These
+represent the nine who fell in the battle.
+
+    [Illustration: Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the
+    nine dead at San Jacinto.]
+
+    [Illustration: Marker at site of Santa Anna’s surrender at San
+    Jacinto.]
+
+On the north front, beneath the heading:
+
+                      “TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE”
+
+is recorded the statement of General Houston:
+
+“_This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only
+chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have looked for
+reinforcements in vain: We will only have about seven hundred men to
+march with besides the camp guard. We go on to conquer. It is wisdom
+growing out of necessity to meet the enemy now. Every consideration
+enforces it. No previous occasion would justify it. The troops are in
+fine spirits and now is the time for action. We shall use our best
+efforts to fight the enemy to such advantage as will insure victory
+though the odds are greatly against us._
+
+“_I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon His
+providence._
+
+“_My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right for which
+we fight will be secured, and Texas free._”
+
+Below this is inscribed:
+                          “REMEMBER THE ALAMO”
+
+On the south front beneath the heading:
+                       “THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE”
+
+is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:
+
+“_The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced, but, at
+the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence rose in
+Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by the clouds of
+despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and pursued with ardour
+the annals of war; we have contemplated, with the highest emotions of
+sublimity, the loud roaring thunder, the desolating tornado, and the
+withering simoon of the desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired
+us with emotions like those felt on this occasion! There was a general
+cry which pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA BAHIA!
+These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The unerring aim and
+irresistible energy of the Texan army could not be withstood, it was
+freemen fighting against the minions of tyranny and the result proved
+the inequality of such a contest._”
+
+And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston’s
+charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:
+                      “WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER”
+
+On the west front:
+
+                 “This monument stands at the grave of
+                         BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM
+                who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836
+
+                              “Nearby rest
+
+                         LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY
+                              JOHN C. HALE
+                             GEORGE A. LAMB
+                         DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY
+                             MATHIAS COOPER
+                          THOMAS PATTON FOWLE
+                           ASHLEY R. STEPHENS
+
+ “Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto
+
+                            “OLWYN J. TRASK
+ died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound
+he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April
+                               20, 1836.
+
+ “This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens
+   of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to
+           perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess”
+
+On the base following this tribute is the war cry,
+                           “REMEMBER GOLIAD”
+
+    [Illustration: MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER
+
+THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE
+
+GENERAL HOUSTON    APRIL 19 1836
+
+OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT
+HERE APRIL 21 1836 OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY]
+
+
+
+
+                           The Roll of Honor
+
+
+One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls of the San
+Jacinto museum records the names of the officers and men of the Texas
+army who fought in the battle on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of
+the previous day. The other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or
+non-effective, who were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.
+
+Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:
+
+  Adams, Thomas Jefferson
+  Aldrich, Collin
+  Alexander, Jerome B.
+  Allen, John Melville
+  Allison, John C.
+  Allison, Moses
+  Alsbury, Horace Arlington
+  Alsbury, Young Perry
+  Anderson, Washington
+  Andrews, Micah
+  Angel, John
+  Anson, Orin D.
+  Armot, W. S.
+  Armstrong, Irwin
+  Arnold, Hayden
+  Arocha, Jose Maria
+  Arocha, Manuel
+  Arreola, Simon
+  Atkinson, Milton B.
+  Avery, Willis
+
+  Bailey, Alexander
+  Bailey, Howard W.
+  Bain, Noel M.
+  Baker, Daniel Davis D.
+  Baker, Joseph
+  Baker, Moseley
+  Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin
+  Balch, John
+  Bancroft, Jethro Russell
+  Banks, Reason
+  Barcinas, Andres
+  Bardwell, Soloman B.
+  Barker, George
+  Barkley, John A.
+  Barr, Robert
+  Barstow, Joshua
+  Bateman, William
+  Barton, Jefferson A.
+  Barton, Wayne
+  Barton, Elder B.
+  Baxter, Montgomery
+  Baylor, Dr. John Walker
+  Bear, Isaac H.
+  Beard, Andrew Jackson
+  Beason, Leander
+  Beauchamp, John
+  Beebe, John N.
+  Begley, John
+  Belden, John
+  Belknap, Thomas
+  Bell, James Madison
+  Bell, Peter Hansbrough
+  Bell, Thomas Henry
+  Bennett, Joseph L.
+  Bennett, W. B.
+  Bennett, William
+  Benson, Ellis
+  Benton, Alfred
+  Benton, Daniel
+  Bernardi, Prospero
+  Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick
+  Berry, Andrew Jackson
+  Berryhill, William M.
+  Billingsley, Jesse
+  Bingham, Mathias A.
+  Bird, James
+  Birt, Samuel Pearce
+  Bissett, Robert B.
+  Blackwell, Thomas
+  Blakey, Lemuel Stockton
+  Bledsoe, George L.
+  Blue, Uriah
+  Bollinger, Ephriam
+  Bollinger, Peter
+  Bond, Henry
+  Booker, Dr. Shields
+  Boom, Garret E.
+  Borden, John Pettit
+  Borden, Paschal Pavolo
+  Bostick, Sion Record
+  Bottsford, Seymour
+  Bowen, William Robert
+  Box, James Edward
+  Box, John Andrew
+  Box, Nelson
+  Box, Thomas Griffin
+  Boyd, James C.
+  Boyle, William
+  Bradley, Isaac B.
+  Bradley, James
+  Brake, Michael J.
+  Branch, Edward Thomas
+  Breeding, Fidelie S.
+  Breedlove, A. W.
+  Brenan, William
+  Brewer, Henry Mitchell
+  Brewster, Henry Percy
+  Brigham, Benjamin Rice
+  Brigham, Moses W.
+  Briscoe, Andrew
+  Brookfield, Francis E.
+  Brooks, Thomas D.
+  Brown, David
+  Brown, George J.
+  Brown, Oliver T.
+  Brown, Wilson C.
+  Browning, George Washington
+  Bruff, Christopher Columbus
+  Bryan, Luke O.
+  Bryan, Moses Austin
+  Bryant, Benjamin Franklin
+  Buffington, Anderson
+  Buford, Thomas Young
+  Bullock, David M.
+  Bunton, John Wheeler
+  Burleson, Aaron
+  Burleson, Edward
+  Burnam, John Hickerson
+  Burnam, William Owen
+  Burton, Isaac Watts
+  Bust, Luke W.
+  Butts, Augustus J.
+
+  Caddell, Andrew
+  Cage, Benjamin Franklin
+  Calder, Robert James
+  Caldwell, Pinckney
+  Callicoatte, John B.
+  Callihan, Thomas Jefferson
+  Campbell, Joseph
+  Campbell, Michael
+  Cannan, William Jarvis
+  Carmona, Ceasario
+  Carnal, Patrick
+  Carpenter, John W.
+  Carper, Dr. William M.
+  Carr, John
+  Carter, Robert W. P.
+  Cartwright, Matthew Winston
+  Cartwright, William P.
+  Caruthers, Allen
+  Casillas, Gabriel
+  Cassidy, John W.
+  Chadduck, Richard H.
+  Chaffin, James A.
+  Chapman, Henry S.
+  Chavenoe, Michael
+  Cheairs, John F.
+  Cheevers, John
+  Chenoweth, John
+  Chiles, Lewis L.
+  Choate, David, Jr.
+  Christie, John
+  Clapp, Elisha
+  Clark, James
+  Clark, John
+  Clark, William
+  Clarke, Charles A.
+  Clarkson, Charles
+  Clayton, Joseph Alvey
+  Clelens, Josh
+  Clemmons, Lewis Chapman
+  Clemmons, William H.
+  Cleveland, Horatio N.
+  Clopper, ——
+  Coble, Adam
+  Cochran, Jeremiah D.
+  Coffman, Elkin G.
+  Coker, John
+  Cole, Benjamin L.
+  Cole, David
+  Coleman, Robert M.
+  Collard, Job Starks
+  Collins, Willis
+  Collinsworth, James
+  Colton, William
+  Conlee, Preston
+  Conn, James
+  Connell, Sampson
+  Connor, James
+  Cook, James R.
+  Cooke, Francis Jarvis
+  Cooke, Thomas
+  Cooke, William Gordon
+  Cooper, Mathias
+  Corry, Thomas F.
+  Corzine, Hershel
+  Cox, Lewis
+  Cox, Thomas
+  Craddock, John Robert
+  Craft, James A.
+  Craft, Russell B.
+  Craig, Henry R.
+  Crain, Joel Burditt
+  Crain, Roden Taylor
+  Cravens, Robert M.
+  Crawford, Robert
+  Criswell, William Vanoy
+  Crittenden, Robert
+  Crittenden, William
+  Crosby, Ganey
+  Crunk, Nicholas S.
+  Cruz, Antonio
+  Cumba, James
+  Cumberland, George
+  Cunningham, Leander Calvin
+  Curbiere, Antonio
+  Curbiere, Matias
+  Curtis, Hinton
+  Curtis, James, Sr.
+
+  Dale, Elijah Valentine
+  Dallas, Walter Riddle
+  Dalrymple, John
+  Darling, Socrates
+  Darr, George
+  Darst, Edmund Calloway
+  Darst, Richard Brownfield
+  Davey, Thomas P.
+  Davidson, John F.
+  Davis, Abner C.
+  Davis, George Washington
+  Davis, James P.
+  Davis, Jesse Kencheloe
+  Davis, Moses H.
+  Davis, Samuel
+  Davis, Travis
+  Davis, Washington H.
+  Dawson, Nicholas Mosby
+  Day, William
+  Deadrick, David
+  Deadrick, Fielding
+  Deadrick, George M.
+  Denham, M. H.
+  Denman, Colden
+  Dennis, Thomas Mason
+  De Vore, Cornelius
+  DeWitt, James C.
+  Dibble, Henry
+  Dillard, Abraham
+  Dixon, James W.
+  Doan, Joseph
+  Doolittle, Berry
+  Doubt, Daniel L.
+  Douthet, James
+  Dubromer, Dr. Tobias
+  Duffee, William
+  Dunbar, William
+  Duncan, John
+  Dunham, Daniel T.
+  Dunn, Matthew
+  Durham, William Daniel
+  Dutcher, Alfred
+
+  Earl, William
+  Eastland, William Mosby
+  Edgar, Joseph Smith
+  Edingburg, Christopher Columbus
+  Edson, Amos B.
+  Edwards, Isiah
+  Edwards, Tilford C.
+  Egbert, James D.
+  Eggleston, Horace
+  Ehlinger, Joseph
+  Eldridge, James J.
+  Ellinger, Joseph
+  Elliot, James D.
+  Elliot, Peter S.
+  Ellis, Willis L.
+  Enriquez, Lucio
+  Erath, George Bernhard
+  Evetts, James H.
+  Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray
+  Eyler, Jacob
+
+  Faris, Hezekiah
+  Farley, Thomas M.
+  Farmer, James
+  Farrish, Oscar
+  Farwell, Joseph
+  Fennell, George
+  Ferrell, John P.
+  Ferrill, William L.
+  Fields, Henry
+  Finch, Matthew
+  Fisher, William
+  Fisher, William S.
+  Fitch, Benjamin Franklin
+  Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.
+  Flick, John
+  Flores, Manuel
+  Flores, Martin
+  Flores, Nepomuceno
+  Floyd, Joseph
+  Flynn, Thomas
+  Foard, Charles A.
+  Fogle, Andrew
+  Foley, Steven Tucker
+  Forbes, George Washington
+  Forbes, John
+  Ford, Simon Peter
+  Forrester, Charles
+  Foster, Anthony
+  Foster, John Ray
+  Fowle, Thomas Patton
+  Fowler, Styles J.
+  Fowler, Thomas M.
+  Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell
+  Frazer, Hugh
+  Freele, James
+  Fry, Benjamin Franklin
+  Fullerton, William
+
+  Gafford, John
+  Gage, Calvin
+  Gainer, John N.
+  Gallaher, Edward
+  Gallatin, Albert
+  Gammell, William
+  Gant, William W.
+  Gardner, George Washington
+  Garner, John
+  Garwood, S. Joseph
+  Gay, Thomas
+  Gedry, Lefroy
+  Gentry, Frederick Browder
+  Giddings, Giles Albert
+  Gilbert, John Floyd
+  Gill, John Porter
+  Gill, William
+  Gillaspie, James
+  Gillespie, Luke John
+  Glidwell, Abner
+  Goheen, Michael R.
+  Goodloe, Robert Kemp
+  Goodwin, Lewis
+  Graham, John
+  Graves, Alexander S.
+  Graves, Thomas A.
+  Gray, James
+  Gray, Mayberry B.
+  Green, B.
+  Green, George
+  Green, James
+  Green, Thomas
+  Greenlaw, Augus
+  Greenwood, James
+  Greer, Thomas N. B.
+  Grice, James B.
+  Grieves, David
+  Griffin, William
+  Grigsby, Crawford
+  Gross, Jacob
+  Gustine, Dr. Lemuel
+
+  Halderman, Jesse
+  Hale, John C.
+  Hale, William
+  Hall, James S.
+  Hall, John
+  Hallet, John, Jr.
+  Hallmark, William Calvert
+  Halstead, E. B.
+  Hamilton, Elias E.
+  Hancock, George Duncan
+  Handy, Robert Eden
+  Hanson, Thomas
+  Hardaway, Samuel G.
+  Hardeman, Thomas Monroe
+  Hardin, Benjamin Franklin
+  Harmon, Clark M.
+  Harmon, John A.
+  Harness, William
+  Harper, Benjamin J.
+  Harper, John
+  Harper, Peter
+  Harris, Andrew Jackson
+  Harris, James
+  Harris, Temple Overton
+  Harrison, A. L.
+  Harrison, Elzy
+  Harvey, David
+  Harvey, John
+  Haskins, Thomas A.
+  Hassell, John W.
+  Hawkins, William J.
+  Hawkins, William Washington
+  Hayr, James
+  Hays, William C.
+  Hazen, Nathaniel C.
+  Heard, William Jones Elliot
+  Heck, Charles F.
+  Henderson, Francis K.
+  Henderson, Hugh
+  Henderson, Robert
+  Henderstrom, Augustus
+  Henry, Charles M.
+  Henry, Robert
+  Herrera, Pedro
+  Herron, John Harvey
+  Hickox, Franklin B.
+  Higsmith, Ahijah M.
+  Hill, Abraham Webb
+  Hill, H.
+  Hill, Isaac Lafayette
+  Hill, James Monroe
+  Hobson, John
+  Hockley, George Washington
+  Hogan, Josiah
+  Hogan, Thomas
+  Holder, Prior A.
+  Holman, Sanford
+  Holmes, Peter W.
+  Homan, Harvey
+  Hood, Robert
+  Hope, Prosper
+  Hopson, Lucien
+  Horton, Alexander
+  Hotchkiss, Rinaldo
+  Houston, Samuel
+  Howard, William C.
+  Howell, Robert F.
+  Hueser, John A.
+  Hughes, Thomas M.
+  Hunt, John Campbell
+  Hyland, Joseph
+
+  Ijams, Basil G.
+  Ingram, Allen
+  Ingram, John
+  Irvine, James Thomas Patton
+  Irvine, Josephus Somerville
+  Isbell, James H.
+  Isbell, William
+
+  Jack, William Houston
+  Jackson, W. R.
+  James, Denward
+  Jaques, Isaac L.
+  Jennings, James D.
+  Jett, James Matthew
+  Jett, Stephen
+  Johnson, Benjamin
+  Johnson, George
+  Johnson, George J.
+  Johnson, James
+  Johnson, John R.
+  Johnson, John R.
+  Johnston, Thomas F.
+  Jones, Allen B.
+  Jones, Dr. Anson
+  Jones, David J.
+  Jones, Edward S.
+  Jones, George Washington
+  Jordan, Alfred S.
+  Joslin, James
+
+  Karner, John
+  Karnes, Henry Wax
+  Kelly, Connell O’Donnell
+  Kelso, Alfred
+  Kenkennon, William P.
+  Kennard, William Stephens
+  Kent, Joseph
+  Kenyon, Amos D.
+  Kibbe, William
+  Kimbro, William
+  Kincheloe, Daniel R.
+  King, W.
+  Kleburg, Robert Justus
+  Kornegay, David Smith
+  Kraatz, Lewis
+  Kuykendall, Matthew
+
+  Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp’s
+  Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte
+  Lamar, Shelly W.
+  Lamb, George A.
+  Lambert, Walter
+  Lane, Walter Paye
+  Lang, George Washington
+  Lapham, Moses
+  Larbarthrier, Charles
+  Larrison, Allen
+  Lasater, Francis B.
+  Lawrence, George Washington
+  Lawrence, Joseph
+  Lealand, James
+  Leek, George W.
+  Leeper, Samuel
+  Legg, Seneca
+  Legrand, Edward Oswald
+  Lemsky, Frederick
+  Lessassier, Alexander
+  Lester, James Seaton
+  Leuders, Ferdinand
+  Lewellyn, John
+  Lewis, Abraham
+  Lewis, Archibald S.
+  Lewis, Edward
+  Lewis, John Edward
+  Lightfoot, William W.
+  Lightfoot, Wilson T.
+  Lind, John F.
+  Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.
+  Loderback, John D.
+  Logan, William M.
+  Lolison, Abiah
+  Lonis, George Washington
+  Loughridge, William Wallace
+  Love, David Hall
+  Love, Robert S.
+  Lowary, John L.
+  Lupton, Cyrus W.
+  Lyford, John
+  Lynch, Nicholas
+
+  Magill, William Harrison
+  Maiden, Isaac
+  Maldonado, Juan
+  Malone, Charles
+  Mancha, Jose Maria
+  Manning, James M.
+  Manuel, Albert C.
+  Marner, John
+  Marre, Achelle
+  Marsh, Alonzo
+  Marshall, John Ligett
+  Martin, Joseph
+  Martin, Philip
+  Mason, Charles
+  Mason, George W.
+  Massey, William
+  Maxwell, Pierre Menard
+  Maxwell, Thomas
+  Maybee, Jacob
+  Mays, Ambrose
+  Mays, Thomas H.
+  McAllister, Joseph
+  McClelland, Samuel
+  McCloskey, Robert D.
+  McCorlay, Placide B.
+  McCormick, Joseph Manton
+  McCoy, John
+  McCoy, William
+  McCrabb, John
+  McCrabb, Joseph
+  McCullough, Benjamin
+  McFadin, David Hutcheson
+  McFarlane, John W. B.
+  McGary, Daniel H.
+  McGary, Isaac
+  McGay, Thomas
+  McGown, Andrew Jackson
+  McHorse, John W.
+  McIntire, Thomas H.
+  McIntire, William
+  McKay, Daniel
+  McKenzie, Hugh
+  McKinza, Alexander
+  McKneely, Samuel M.
+  McLaughlin, Robert
+  McLaughlin, Stephen
+  McLean, McDougald
+  McMillan, Edward
+  McNeel, Pleasant D.
+  McNelly, Bennett
+  McStea, Andrew M.
+  Menchaca, Jose Antonio
+  Menefee, John Sutherland
+  Mercer, Eli
+  Mercer, Elijah G.
+  Mercer, George Richie
+  Merritt, Robert
+  Merwin, Joseph W.
+  Miles, Alfred H.
+  Miles, Edward
+  Millard, Henry
+  Millen, William A.
+  Miller, Daniel
+  Miller, Hugh
+  Miller, Joseph
+  Miller, William H.
+  Millerman, Ira
+  Millett, Samuel
+  Mills, Andrew Granville
+  Mims, Benjamin Franklin
+  Minnitt, Joshua.
+  Mitchell, Alexander S.
+  Mitchell, James
+  Mitchell, Nathen
+  Mitchell, S. B.
+  Mixon, Noel
+  Mock, William N.
+  Molino, Jose
+  Money, John Hamilton
+  Montgomery, Andrew M.
+  Montgomery, John
+  Montgomery, Robert W.
+  Moore, Robert
+  Moore, Robert D.
+  Moore, Samuel
+  Moore, William P.
+  Mordorff, Henry
+  Moreland, Isaac N.
+  Morgan, Hugh
+  Morris, Jonathan D.
+  Morton, John
+  Mosier, Adam
+  Moss, John
+  Moss, Matthew Mark
+  Mottley, Dr. Junius William
+  Murphree, David
+  Murphy, Daniel
+  Murray, William
+  Myrick, Eliakin P.
+
+  Nabers, Robert
+  Nabers, William
+  Nash, James H.
+  Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno
+  Neal, John C.
+  Nealis, Francis
+  Neill, James Clinton
+  Nelson, David S.
+  Nelson, James
+  Newman, William P.
+  Noland, Eli
+
+  O’Banion, Jennings
+  O’Connor, Patrick B.
+  O’Connor, Thomas
+  Odem, David
+  O’Driscoll, Daniel
+  O’Neil, John
+  Orr, Thomas
+  Osborne, Benjamin S.
+  Ownsby, James P.
+
+  Pace, Dempsey Council
+  Pace, James Robert
+  Pace, Wesley Walker
+  Pace, William Carroll
+  Park, Joseph Belton
+  Park, William A.
+  Parker, Dickerson
+  Parrott, C. W.
+  Paschall, Samuel
+  Pate, William H.
+  Patterson, James S.
+  Patton, St. Clair
+  Patton, William
+  Patton, William Hester
+  Pearce, Edward
+  Pearce, William J. C.
+  Peck, Nathaniel
+  Peck, Nicholas
+  Peebles, Samuel W.
+  Pena, Jacinto
+  Penticost, George Washington
+  Perry, Daniel
+  Perry, James Hazard
+  Peterson, John
+  Peterson, William
+  Pettus, Edward Cratic
+  Pettus, John Freeman
+  Petty, George Washington
+  Peveto, Michael, Jr.
+  Phelps, James A. E.
+  Phillips, Eli
+  Phillips, Samuel
+  Phillips, Sydney
+  Pickering, John
+  Pinchback, James R.
+  Plaster, Thomas Pliney
+  Pleasants, John
+  Plunkett, John
+  Poe, George Washington
+  Powell, James
+  Pratt, Thomas A. S.
+  Proctor, Joseph W.
+  Pruitt, Levi
+  Pruitt, Martin
+  Putnam, Mitchell
+
+  Rainey, Clement
+  Rainwater, Edwin R.
+  Ramey, Lawrence
+  Ramirez, Eduardo
+  Raymond, Samuel B.
+  Reaves, Dimer W.
+  Rector, Claiborne
+  Rector, Elbridge Gerry
+  Rector, Pendleton
+  Redd, William Davis
+  Reed, Henry
+  Reed, Nathaniel
+  Reel, Robert J. W.
+  Reese, Charles Keller
+  Reese, Washington Perry
+  Rheinhart, Asa
+  Rhodes, Joseph
+  Rial, John W.
+  Richardson, Daniel
+  Richardson, John
+  Richardson, Lewis
+  Richardson, William
+  Ripley, Phineas
+  Robbins, John
+  Robbins, Thomas
+  Roberts, David
+  Roberts, Zion
+  Robinson, George Washington
+  Robinson, James W.
+  Robinson, Jesse
+  Robinson, Thomas Jefferson
+  Robinson, William
+  Robison, Joel Walter
+  Rockwell, Chester B.
+  Rodriquez, Ambrosio
+  Roeder, Louis Von
+  Roman, Richard
+  Rounds, Lyman Frank
+  Rowe, James
+  Ruddell, John
+  Rudder, Nathaniel
+  Rusk, David
+  Rusk, Thomas Jefferson
+  Russell, Robert Benedict
+  Ryans, Thomas
+
+  Sadler, John
+  Sadler, William Turner
+  Sanders, John
+  Sanders, Uriah
+  Sanett, D. Andrew
+  Sayers, John
+  Scallorn, John Wesley
+  Scarborough, Paul
+  Scates, William Bennett
+  Scott, David
+  Scott, William P.
+  Scurry, Richardson A.
+  Seaton, George Washington
+  Secrest, Fielding Grundy
+  Secrest, Washington Hampton
+  Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno
+  Self, George
+  Sergent, W.
+  Sevey, Manasseh
+  Sevey, Ralph E.
+  Shain, Charles B.
+  Sharp, John
+  Shaw, James
+  Sherman, Sidney
+  Shesten, Henry
+  Shreve, John Milton
+  Shupe, Samuel
+  Sigmon, Abel
+  Simmons, William
+  Slack, Joseph H.
+  Slayton, John
+  Smith, Benjamin Fort
+  Smith, Erastus
+  Smith, George
+  Smith, James Monroe
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John N. O.
+  Smith, Leander
+  Smith, Maxlin
+  Smith, Robert W.
+  Smith, William
+  Smith, William C.
+  Smith, William H.
+  Smith, William M.
+  Snell, Martin Kingsley
+  Snyder, Asberry McKendree
+  Somervell, Alexander
+  Sovereign, Joseph
+  Sparks, Stephen Franklin
+  Spicer, Joseph A.
+  Spillman, James H.
+  Stancell, John F.
+  Standifer, Jacob Littleton
+  Standifer, William Bailey
+  Stibbins, Charles C.
+  Steel, Maxwell
+  Steele, Alfonso
+  Stephens, Ashley R.
+  Stephenson, John Allen
+  Stevenson, R.
+  Stevenson, Robert
+  Stewart, Charles
+  Stewart, James
+  Stilwell, William S.
+  Stouffer, Henry S.
+  Stout, William B.
+  Stroh, Phillip
+  Stroud, John W.
+  Stump, John S.
+  Sullivan, Dennis
+  Summers, William W.
+  Sutherland, George
+  Swain, William L.
+  Swearingen, Valentine Wesley
+  Swearingen, William C.
+  Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson
+  Sweeny, William Burrell
+  Swift, Hugh Montgomery
+  Swisher, Henry H.
+  Swisher, John Milton
+  Sylvester, James Austin
+
+  Tanner, Edward M.
+  Tarin, Manuel
+  Tarlton, James
+  Taylor, Abraham R.
+  Taylor, Campbell
+  Taylor, Edward W.
+  Taylor, John B.
+  Taylor, John N.
+  Taylor, Thomas
+  Taylor, William S.
+  Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.
+  Thomas, Algernon P.
+  Thompson, Charles P.
+  Thompson, Cyrus W.
+  Thompson, James B.
+  Thompson, Jesse G.
+  Threadgill, Joshua
+  Tierwester, Henry H.
+  Tindale, Daniel
+  Tindall, William Pike
+  Tinsley, James W.
+  Tom, John Files
+  Townsend, Spencer Burton
+  Townsend, Stephen
+  Trask, Olwyn J.
+  Trenary, John B.
+  Tumlinson, John James
+  Turnage, Shelby C.
+  Turner, Amasa
+  Tyler, Charles C.
+  Tyler, Robert D.
+
+  Usher, Patrick
+  Utley, Thomas C.
+
+  Vandeveer, Logan
+  Van Winkle, John
+  Vermillion, Joseph D.
+  Vinator, James
+  Viven, John
+  Votaw, Elijah
+
+  Wade, John Marshall
+  Waldron, C. W.
+  Walker, James
+  Walker, Martin
+  Walker, Philip
+  Walker, William S.
+  Walling, Jesse
+  Walmsley, James
+  Walnut, Francis
+  Wardziski, Felix
+  Ware, William
+  Waters, George
+  Waters, William
+  Watkins, James E.
+  Watson, Dexter
+  Webb, George
+  Webb, Thomas H.
+  Weedon, George
+  Welch, James
+  Wells, James A.
+  Wells, Lysander
+  Weppler, Phillip
+  Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf
+  Westgate, Ezra C.
+  Wharton, James
+  Wharton, John Austin
+  Wheeler, Samuel L.
+  Whitaker, Madison G.
+  White, John Carey
+  White, Joseph E.
+  White, Levi W.
+  Whitesides, Elisha S.
+  Wilcox, Ozwin
+  Wilder, Joseph
+  Wildy, Samuel
+  Wilkinson, Freeman
+  Wilkinson, James
+  Wilkinson, James G., Jr.
+  Wilkinson, John
+  Wilkinson, Leroy
+  Williams, Charles
+  Williams, Francis F.
+  Williams, Hezekiah Reams
+  Williams, Matthew R.
+  Williams, William F.
+  Williamson, John W.
+  Williamson, Robert McAlpin
+  Willoughby, Leiper
+  Wilmouth, Louis
+  Wilson, James
+  Wilson, Thomas
+  Wilson, Walker
+  Winburn, McHenry
+  Winn, Walter
+  Winters, James Washington
+  Winters, John Frelan
+  Winters, William Carvin
+  Wood, Edward B.
+  Wood, William
+  Woodlief, Deveraux J.
+  Woods, Samuel
+  Woodward, F. Marion
+  Woolsey, Abner W.
+  Wright, George Washington
+  Wright, Rufus
+  Wyly, Alfred Henderson
+
+  Yancy, John
+  Yarborough, Swanson
+  York, James Allison
+  Young, William Foster
+
+  Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.
+  Zumwalt, Andrew
+
+
+Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers and
+men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established
+opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades who
+guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main army.
+
+  Abbott, Calvin P.
+  Abbott, Launcelot
+  Allphin, Ransom
+  Anderson, John D.
+  Anderson, John W.
+  Anderson, Thomas
+  Anderson, Thomas P.
+  Atkinson, John
+
+  Baker, Walter Elias
+  Barker, William
+  Bartlett, Jesse
+  Beams, Obediah P.
+  Belcher, Isham G.
+  Bennett, James
+  Benton, Jesse, Jr.
+  Berry, John Bate
+  Black, Albert
+  Blaylock, James B.
+  Blount, Stephen William
+  Bomar, Dr. William W.
+  Bond, George
+  Bostick, James H.
+  Box, Stilwell
+  Boyce, Jeptha
+  Bracey, McLin
+  Bradley, Daniel
+  Breeding, John
+  Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte
+  Brown, Alexander
+  Brown, Robert
+  Bryody, Patrick
+  Burch, James
+  Burch, Valentine
+  Burditt, Newell W.
+  Burditt, William Buck
+  Burleson, Jonathan
+  Burtrang, Thomas
+
+  Campbell, David Wilson
+  Campbell, Heil Otem
+  Campbell, John
+  Campbell, Rufus Easton
+  Cannon, Thomas
+  Caruthers, Young
+  Casey, George M.
+  Castleman, Jacob
+  Chamberlin, Willard
+  Chance, Joseph Bell
+  Chelaup, James K.
+  Childress, James R.
+  Cockrell, John R.
+  Coe, Philip Haddox
+  Cole, James
+  Collard, James Hillness
+  Collard, Jonathan S.
+  Connell, David C.
+  Conner, Evan
+  Cook, Octavious A.
+  Cottle, Sylvanus
+  Cox, Phillip
+  Crawford, John B.
+  Crier, Andrew
+  Crownover, Arter
+
+  Darst, Emory Holman
+  Davis, John
+  Davis, William Francis H.
+  Dickinson, Edward
+  Douglass, Freeman Walker
+  Douglass, Jonathan
+  Duff, James Carson
+  Dunn, Josiah G.
+
+  Emmons, Calvin Brallery
+  Etheridge, Godfrey
+  Evans, Moses
+
+  Farley, Massillon
+  Farnsworth, Oliver
+  Finley, Benjamin C.
+  Fisk, Greenleaf
+  Fitzgerald, Lankford
+  Francis, Miller
+  Freed, Henry
+  Freeman, Thomas
+
+  Gillett, Samuel S.
+  Goolsey, William G.
+  Gordon, James
+  Gorham, Isaac
+  Gorham, William
+  Granville, Benjamin
+  Gravis, John A. F.
+  Grimes, Frederick Miller
+  Grimes, George W.
+
+  Haggard, Henry H.
+  Hale, Jonas
+  Hallmark, Alfred M.
+  Harbour, John Monroe
+  Harbour, T. J.
+  Hardin, Ennis
+  Harris, Isaac
+  Hatfield, Basil Muse
+  Head, Wiley M.
+  Hensley, John M.
+  Hill, David
+  Hill, William Warner
+  Hinds, James B.
+  Hodge, Archibald
+  Hodge, James
+  Hodge, Robert
+  Hodge, William
+  Holcombe, James J.
+  Hollingsworth, James
+  Hope, Richard
+  Hughes, James
+  Hunter, Robert Hancock
+
+  Jackson, Joseph
+  Johnson, Joseph Ranson
+  Johnson, Nathan B.
+  Jones, Keeton McLemore
+
+  Kemp, Thomas
+  Kennard, William Everett
+  Kenney, William H.
+  Kerr, William P.
+  Kokernot, Daniel L.
+  Kuykendall, Adam
+  Kuykendall, Brazilla
+  Kuykendall, Gibson
+  Kuykendall, H. A.
+  Kuykendall, James Hampton
+  Kuykendall, John
+  Kuykendall, Thornton S.
+
+  Law, Garret
+  Lee, Hiram
+  Lee, Theodore Staunton
+  Lightfoot, Henry L.
+  Litton, Addison
+  Litton, Jesse
+  Litton, John
+  Liverall, A.
+  Lloyd, Peterson
+  Lynch, Joseph Penn
+
+  Manning, James H.
+  Mantin, L.
+  Marshall, Elias J.
+  Marshall, Hugh Lewis
+  Marshall, John, Jr.
+  Marshall, Joseph Taylor
+  Marshall, Samuel B.
+  Mather, Elisha
+  Maurry, James
+  McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey
+  McFaddin, Nathaniel A.
+  McFadin, William M.
+  McFall, Samuel
+  McGown, Samuel
+  McIntire, William
+  McLaughlin, James
+  McLaughlin, William
+  McMaster, William
+  McMillan, Andrew
+  McMillan, James
+  McNutt, Robert
+  Means, William
+  Merritt, Robert
+  Moore, Azariah G.
+  Moore, John D.
+  Moore, Lewis
+  Moore, Morris
+  Morris, Burrel
+  Morris, George
+  Morris, James H.
+  Morris, Spencer
+  Newton, John
+  Norment, Thomas
+
+  Owen, James D.
+
+  Page, Soloman Calvin
+  Parker, Wiley
+  Peebles, Richard Rodgers
+  Pennington, J. M.
+  Perry, Sion W.
+  Perry, William M.
+  Pettus, William
+  Pevehouse, Preston
+  Pier, James B.
+  Pleasants, George Washington
+  Polk, Thomas
+  Polk, William P.
+  Potts, R.
+  Prewitt, Elisha
+  Price, Hardy William Brown
+  Price, Perry
+  Price, Robert
+  Price, William
+
+  Rankin, David
+  Raper, Daniel
+  Reamos, Sherwood Y.
+  Rhodes, John B.
+  Rhorer, Conrad
+  Ricks, George Washington
+  Robbins, Early
+  Roberts, Stephen R.
+  Robertson, Sterling Clack
+  Robinett, Enoch
+  Robinett, James M.
+  Robinson, Benjamin W.
+  Robinson, James
+  Rowlett, Alexander W.
+
+  Scaggs, John H.
+  Scott, Robert
+  Seaton, George Washington
+  Sharp, John
+  Simpson, Jeremiah W.
+  Smith, John G.
+  Smith, William A.
+  Smith, William P.
+  Smith, William W.
+  Snodgrass, J. G.
+  Splane, Peyton R.
+  Splane, Thomas M.
+  Stephens, John
+  Stevenson, Thomas B.
+  Swoap, Benjamin Franklin
+
+  Taylor, Josiah
+  Teal, Henry
+  Thompson, Thomas
+  Tinnett, Robert
+  Tollett, Wesley
+  Tong, John B.
+  Townsend, Moses
+  Townsend, P. John
+  Townsend, Stephen
+  Townsend, William
+
+  Vardeman, Henry W.
+  Varner, Martin
+  Vaughan, Richard
+
+  Walker, John
+  Walker, Josiah
+  Walling, John C.
+  Whitehead, Nicholas
+  Whitlock, Robert
+  Wilburn, Ransom
+  Williams, Edward
+  Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.
+  Williams, Jesse
+  Winnett, Robert
+  Winters, Agabus
+  Wood, William Riley
+  Woods, Joseph H.
+  Wright, Gilbert
+
+  Yarborough, Joseph Randolph
+
+  Zuber, William Physick
+
+
+
+
+                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+
+
+Frontispiece “Battle of San Jacinto” is a photograph of a painting by
+Henry A. McArdle.
+
+Sam Houston’s picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching
+made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.
+
+Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the
+inscriptions.
+
+Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype
+in the Museum.
+
+The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender
+marker also are by Paul Peters.
+
+The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of
+a painting by W. H. Huddle.
+
+The map showing the route of Sam Houston’s army was drawn by L. W. Kemp.
+Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.
+
+    [Illustration: Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield
+    in memory of the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San
+    Jacinto.
+
+The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet in
+circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters of
+the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and was
+dedicated April 21, 1940.]
+
+
+
+
+                               Footnotes
+
+
+[1]This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian
+    John Henry Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he
+    owned which was situated in the present county of Grimes, and known
+    as “Groce’s Retreat.”
+
+[2]Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the
+    battle said the battle cry was “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember La
+    Bahia!”
+
+[3]With “Deaf” Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young
+    P. Alsbury, John Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R.
+    Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.
+
+[4]In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said
+    783 Texans took part. Yet in a roster published later he listed 845
+    officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight omitted Captain
+    Alfred H. Wyly’s Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,
+    Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point.
+    Conclusive evidence in official records brings the total number at
+    San Jacinto up to 910.
+
+[5]Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was “Yankee
+    Doodle.”
+
+[6]With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison,
+    Joseph D. Vermillion, Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.
+
+
+
+
+                          Transcriber’s Notes
+
+
+—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
+  is public-domain in the country of publication.
+
+—Silently corrected a few palpable typos.
+
+—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
+  _underscores_.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+***** This file should be named 57849-0.txt or 57849-0.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
+be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
+law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
+so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
+States without permission and without paying copyright
+royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
+of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
+and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
+specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
+eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
+for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
+performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
+away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
+not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
+trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
+
+START: FULL LICENSE
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
+Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+
+1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
+destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
+possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
+Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
+by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
+person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
+1.E.8.
+
+1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
+paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
+agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
+Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
+of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
+works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
+States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
+United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
+claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
+displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
+all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
+that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
+free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
+works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
+Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
+comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
+same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
+you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
+in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
+check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
+agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
+distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
+other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
+representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
+country outside the United States.
+
+1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
+immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
+prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
+on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
+performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
+
+  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
+  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
+  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
+  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
+  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
+  are located before using this ebook.
+
+1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
+derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
+contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
+copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
+the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
+redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
+either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
+obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
+additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
+will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
+posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
+beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
+any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
+to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
+other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
+version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
+(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
+to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
+of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
+Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
+full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+provided that
+
+* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
+  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
+  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
+  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
+  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
+  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
+  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
+  Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
+  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
+  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
+  works.
+
+* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
+  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
+  receipt of the work.
+
+* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
+are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
+from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
+Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
+Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
+contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
+or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
+other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
+cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
+with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
+with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
+lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
+or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
+opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
+the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
+without further opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
+OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
+damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
+violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
+agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
+limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
+unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
+remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
+accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
+production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
+including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
+the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
+or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
+additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
+Defect you cause.
+
+Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
+computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
+exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
+from people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
+generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
+Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
+www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
+U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
+mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
+volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
+locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
+Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
+date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
+official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+
+    Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+    Chief Executive and Director
+    gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
+DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
+state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
+donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
+freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
+distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
+volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
+the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
+necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
+edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
+facility: www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/57849-8.txt b/57849-8.txt
index ffcd9cd..95df84d 100644
--- a/57849-8.txt
+++ b/57849-8.txt
@@ -1,2638 +1,2638 @@
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign

-

-Author: Edward Wolf Kilman

-        Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-

-

-

-

-

-    [Illustration: THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO]

-

-

-

-

-                             THE BATTLE OF

-                              SAN JACINTO

-                               _and the_

-                          SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN

-

-

-    [Illustration: Flags]

-

-                                   by

-                        L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman

-

-                            COPYRIGHT, 1947

-                                   by

-                        L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN

-                            Second Printing

-

-                Printed in the United States of America

-                  The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston

-

-

-

-

-                       The Battle of San Jacinto

-                               _and the_

-                          San Jacinto Campaign

-

-

-                                FOREWORD

-

-San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto, one of the

-world's decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where, with cries of "Remember

-the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910

-pioneers routed Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of

-Mexico and self-styled "Napoleon of the West," with his proud army, and

-changed the map of North America!

-

-Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century ... a

-story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim hardship, tragedy

-and romance ... the story of the epochal battle that established the

-independent Lone Star Republic, on April 21, 1836, and indelibly

-inscribed the names of Texas patriots on history's scroll of American

-immortals.

-

-The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes, but it

-was in the making for six years. It had its prelude in the oppressive

-Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further emigration of

-Anglo-Americans from the United States to Texas; in the disturbance at

-Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco, in 1832; in the imprisonment of

-Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas," in Mexico in 1834.

-

-Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at Gonzales, the

-capture of Goliad, the "Grass Fight," and the siege and capture of San

-Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration of Independence at

-Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, officially signalized the

-revolution.

-

-

-                         RETREAT FROM GONZALES

-

-Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came to the

-convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel William

-Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio. Sam Houston,

-commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left Washington post-haste for

-Gonzales, to take command of the troops there and go to the aid of

-Travis. He arrived there on the 11th, and at about dark learned from two

-Mexicans who had just arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen

-and its 183 brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later

-by Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans after

-seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She was

-trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when the Texas army

-scouts found her.

-

-The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of Gonzales.

-They were panic-stricken by the general belief that Santa Anna next

-would sweep eastward with his well-trained army, in a drive to wipe the

-rebellious Texans from the face of the earth.

-

-Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas history as the

-"Runaway Scrape." Men, women and children packed what belongings they

-could take in wagons and carts, on horseback, or on their own backs, and

-fled their homes in terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving

-eastward toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the

-bloodthirsty Santa Anna.

-

-General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops were no

-match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated Gonzales and

-had the rear guard put the town to the torch. The Texans crossed the

-Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse Burnam's, and camped there for two

-days. Then the army resumed its march down the east bank to Benjamin

-Beason's crossing, some twenty miles below, near the present town of

-Columbus. Camp was pitched at Beason's on the 20th.

-

-Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south, the troops

-might have heard the distant rumble and crackle of gunfire. On March 19,

-Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr., commanding about 450 volunteers

-withdrawing from Goliad toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on

-Coleto Creek by General Jose Urrea's forces of 1200 infantry and 700

-cavalry. Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352 of his

-men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and brutally shot down, by

-order of Santa Anna.

-

-

-                          THE MEXICAN PURSUIT

-

-Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were following the

-colonists. Houston's scouts reported that General Ramirez y Sesma and

-General Adrian Woll were on the west side of the Colorado with

-approximately 725 troops and General Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this

-time recruits and reinforcements had increased Houston's army to a

-strength estimated as high as 1200.

-

-The chilling news of Fannin's defeat, reaching the Texas forces on March

-25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their families beyond

-the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action, but Houston decided to

-continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping his own counsel, he marched

-his army five miles. On the 27th the column reached the timbers of the

-Brazos River bottoms, and on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin,

-on the west bank of the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles

-up the river in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th

-after a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across

-the river from "Bernardo," on one of the plantations of the wealthy

-Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly a fortnight.[1]

-

-When the _ad interim_ Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos

-learned of the Mexicans' approach, in mid-March, it fled to Harrisburg.

-President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief, a caustic note,

-prodding him to stop his retreat and fight. Secretary of War Thomas J.

-Rusk arrived at the camp April 4 at Burnet's direction, to urge Houston

-to a more aggressive course.

-

-Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna decided to take

-possession of the coast and seaports, as a step in his plan to round up

-the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos at Fort Bend (now called

-Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican general proceeded on April 14 on the

-road to Harrisburg, taking with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder

-cannon. Urrea was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere

-between Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend, with

-about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and Fort Bend, with

-nearly 1800 men.

-

-    [Illustration: Route of Sam Houston's army (line of crosses) from

-    San Felipe to San Jacinto, with stops at Groce's, Donoho's,

-    McCurley's, Burnett's, White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.]

-

-Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he learned that the

-Burnet government had gone down Buffalo Bayou to New Washington (now

-Morgan's Point), about eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg,

-Santa Anna sped after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New

-Washington he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.

-Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.

-

-

-                        THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO

-

-Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce's received two small

-cannon, known to history as the "Twin Sisters," a gift from citizens of

-Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston, after a consultation

-with Rusk, decided to move on to the east side of the Brazos. The river

-being very high, the steamboat "Yellow Stone" and a yawl were used to

-ferry the army horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on

-the 12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.

-

-On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain Moseley Baker,

-and other commanders of detachments assigned to delaying actions, to

-rejoin the main army at the house of Charles Donoho, about three miles

-from Groce's. At Donoho's the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas

-crossed the road south from Groce's.

-

-On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of Samuel McCurley

-on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The creek forms the boundary

-line between Harris and Montgomery counties. Three miles beyond

-McCurley's was the home of Abram Roberts at a settlement known as "New

-Kentucky." At Roberts' two wagon trails crossed, one leading to

-Harrisburg and the other to Robbins' Ferry on the Trinity and on to the

-Sabine.

-

-Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials, believed

-that Houston's strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans to the Sabine

-River, the eastern border of Texas. There, it was known, were camped

-United States troops under General Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the

-Texans might turn on their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17,

-when Roberts' place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road

-instead of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification

-of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the home of Matthew

-Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from McCurley's. On April 18 the

-army marched twenty miles to White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of

-the present city of Houston, and only about eight miles from

-Harrisburg--now a part of Houston.

-

-From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus "Deaf" Smith, the famous Texas

-spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had burned Harrisburg and

-had gone down the west side of the bayou and of San Jacinto River, and

-that Santa Anna in person was in command. In his march downstream Santa

-Anna had been forced to cross the bridge over Vince's Bayou, a tributary

-of Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross the same

-bridge to return.

-

-Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th, Houston

-told his troops it looked as if they would soon get action. And he

-admonished them to remember the massacres at San Antonio and at Goliad.

-

-"Remember the Alamo!" The soldiers took up the cry. "Remember

-Goliad!"[2]

-

-In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:

-

-"This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only

-chance for saving Texas."

-

-In an address "To the People of Texas" he wrote:

-

-"We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved for the contest,

-and must conquer or perish.... We must act now or abandon all hope."

-

-Houston's force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near the home of

-Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg, on the evening

-of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick and non-effective, were left with

-the baggage at the camp opposite Harrisburg. The march was continued

-until midnight.

-

-

-                          ON THE EVE OF BATTLE

-

-At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the bayou, to

-intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch's ferry, near the juncture of Buffalo

-Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured a boat laden with supplies

-for Santa Anna. This probably was some of the plunder of Harrisburg or

-New Washington. Ascertaining that none of the enemy forces had crossed,

-the Texans drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped

-in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.

-

-That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment of

-cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing on a general action.

-In the clash two Texans were wounded--one of them, Olwyn J. Trask,

-mortally--and several horses were killed. In this preliminary skirmish

-Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private from Georgia (later President of the

-Republic of Texas), so distinguished himself that on the next day he was

-placed in command of the cavalry.

-

-Santa Anna's blue-uniformed army made camp under the high ground

-overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a mile from the Texas camp.

-They threw up breastworks of trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other

-equipment. Both sides prepared for the expected conflict.

-

-The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine day. Refreshed

-by a breakfast of bread made with flour from the captured supplies and

-meat from beeves slaughtered the day before, they were eager to attack

-the enemy. They could see Santa Anna's flags floating over the enemy

-camp, and heard the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.

-

-It was discovered at about nine o'clock that General Martin Perfecto de

-Cos had crossed Vince's bridge, about eight miles behind the Texans'

-camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling the enemy forces to about

-1265. General Houston ordered "Deaf" Smith and a detail to destroy the

-bridge and prevent further enemy reinforcements.[3] This also would

-prevent the retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward

-Harrisburg. In dry weather Vince's Bayou was about fifty feet wide and

-ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several times

-wider and deeper.

-

-    [Illustration: Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of

-    Texas army and Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry,

-    Artillery and Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna's breastworks.]

-

-Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war with Colonels

-Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels Henry Millard,

-Alexander Somervell and Joseph L. Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two

-of the officers suggested attacking the enemy in his position, while the

-others favored awaiting Santa Anna's attack. Houston withheld his own

-views, but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted it

-to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.

-

-

-                       THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO

-

-General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about 3:30 in the

-afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet; many of the foemen

-were enjoying their customary _siesta_. The Texans' movements were

-screened by the trees and the rising ground, and evidently Santa Anna

-had no lookouts posted.

-

-Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary garb, the

-Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. "Now hold your fire,

-men," he warned in his deep voice, "until you get the order!"

-

-At the command, "Advance," the patriots, 910 strong, moved quickly out

-of the woods and over the rise, deploying.[4] Bearded and ragged from

-forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking band. But their long

-rifles were clean and well oiled. Only one company, Captain William

-Wood's "Kentucky Rifles," originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore

-uniforms.

-

-The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson's regiment in the

-center; Sherman's on the left wing; the artillery, under George W.

-Hockley, on Burleson's right; the infantry, under Henry Millard, on the

-right of the artillery; and the cavalry, led by Lamar, on the extreme

-right.

-

-Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the prairie and

-swale that was No Man's land, the men bending low. A soldier's fife

-piped up with "Will You Come to the Bower,"[5] a popular tune of the

-day. That was the only music of the battle.

-

-As the troops advanced, "Deaf" Smith galloped up and told Houston,

-"Vince's bridge has been cut down." The General announced it to the men.

-Now both armies were cut off from retreat in all directions but one, by

-a roughly circular moat formed by Vince's and Buffalo Bayous to the west

-and north, San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes

-and the bay to the east and southeast.

-

-At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide thongs, were

-wheeled into position and belched their charges of iron slugs into the

-enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led by Sherman's men, sprang

-forward on the run, yelling, "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember Goliad!"

-All together they opened fire, blazing away practically point-blank at

-the surprised and panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the

-breastworks, seized the enemy's artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand

-combat, emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing

-right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores under the

-impact of the savage assault.

-

-General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried to rally the

-swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men became crazed with fright.

-Many threw down their guns and ran; many wailed, "Me no Alamo!" "Me no

-Goliad!" But their pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists

-reloaded and chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing

-them, clubbing them to death.

-

-From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,

-frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the prairie

-and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the Alamo and Goliad

-followed and slew them, or drove them into the waters to drown. Men and

-horses, dead and dying, in the morass in the rear and right of the

-Mexican camp, formed a bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened

-the water. General Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of

-his men was beyond restraint.

-

-    [Illustration: Sam Houston]

-

-    [Illustration: The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San

-    Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.]

-

-Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince's bridge, only to

-find that the bridge was gone. In desperation, some of the flying

-horsemen spurred their mounts down the steep bank; some dismounted and

-plunged into the swollen stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly

-fire into the welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was

-virtually impossible.

-

-

-General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory, his ankle

-shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where he had slept the

-previous night he fainted and slid from his horse into the arms of Major

-Hockley, his chief of staff.

-

-As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented to him

-as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who had surrendered formally

-with about 400 men.

-

-The casualties, according to Houston's official report, numbered 630

-Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner. As against this

-heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or mortally wounded, and

-thirty wounded less seriously. Most of their injuries came from the

-first scattered Mexican volley when the attackers stormed their

-barricade. The Texans captured a large supply of muskets, pistols,

-sabers, mules, horses, provisions, clothing, tents and paraphernalia,

-and $12,000 in silver.

-

-

-                       THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA

-

-Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day General

-Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding territory for him.

-In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester[6] spotted a Mexican slipping

-through the woods toward Vince's Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades

-caught the fugitive trying to hide in the high grass. He wore a common

-soldier's apparel--round jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and

-soldier's shoes.

-

-They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican prisoners

-recognized him and cried, "El Presidente!" Thus his identity was

-betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below the Rio Grande. He was

-brought to General Houston, who lay under the headquarters oak, nursing

-his wounded foot.

-

-The Mexican President pompously announced, "I am General Antonio Lopez

-de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your disposition."

-

-General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly. He sent for

-young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala Jr. to act as

-interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as the excited Texas

-soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence. He pleaded for the

-treatment due a prisoner of war. "You can afford to be generous," he

-whined; "you have captured the Napoleon of the West."

-

-"What claim have you to mercy?" Houston retorted, "when you showed none

-at the Alamo or at Goliad?"

-

-They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala and Almonte as

-interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to write an order commanding

-all Mexican troops to evacuate Texas. Later, treaties were signed at

-Velasco, looking to the adjustment of all differences and the

-recognition of Texas independence.

-

-

-Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute battle which

-established Texas as a free republic and opened the way for the United

-States to extend its boundaries to the Rio Grande on the southwest and

-to the Pacific on the west. Few military engagements in history have

-been more decisive or of more far-reaching ultimate influence than the

-battle of San Jacinto.

-

-    [Illustration: Outline of Texas]

-

-

-

-

-                      Opposing Commanders' Reports

-

-

-It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of San Jacinto

-written by leaders of the opposing Texan and Mexican forces.

-

-General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement to

-President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed his movements

-during the three days preceding the battle, and then said:

-

-"_About nine o'clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy were

-reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of General Cos,

-increasing their effective force to upward of 1500 men, whilst our

-aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At half-past three o'clock

-in the evening, I ordered the officers of the Texian army to parade

-their respective commands, having in the meantime ordered the bridge on

-the only road communicating with the Brazos, distant eight miles from

-the encampment, to be destroyed--thus cutting off all possibility of

-escape. Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious

-for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed only to

-increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened their anxiety

-for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an opportunity of making the

-arrangements preparatory to the attack without exposing our designs to

-the enemy. The first regiment, commanded by Colonel Burleson, was

-assigned to the center. The second regiment, under the command of

-Colonel Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under

-special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General, was

-placed on the right of the first regiment; and four companies of

-infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry Millard, sustained the

-artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61 in number, commanded by

-Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose gallant and daring conduct on the

-previous day had attracted the admiration of his comrades), completed

-our line. Our cavalry was first dispatched to the front of the enemy's

-left, for the purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive

-island of timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,

-and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design of the

-troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the whole advancing

-rapidly in line, and through an open prairie, without any protection

-whatever for our men. The artillery advanced and took station within 200

-yards of the enemy's breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with

-grape and canister._

-

-"_Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced the action upon

-our left wing, the whole line, at the center and on the right, advancing

-in double quick time, rung the war-cry, 'Remember the Alamo!' received

-the enemy's fire, and advanced within point blank shot, before a piece

-was discharged from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until

-they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy's breastwork--the

-right wing of Burleson's and the left of Millard's taking possession of

-the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly charged up within seventy

-yards of the enemy's cannon, when it was taken by our troops. The

-conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close action

-until we were in possession of the enemy's encampment, taking one piece

-of cannon (loaded), four stand of colors, all their camp equipage,

-stores and baggage. Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy

-upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did not cease

-until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned before--Captain

-Karnes, always among the foremost in danger, commanding the pursuers.

-The conflict in the breastwork lasted but a few moments; many of the

-troops encountered hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of

-bayonets on our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs,

-breaking many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past

-four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until twilight. A guard

-was then left in charge of the enemy's encampment, and our army returned

-with our killed and wounded. In the battle, our loss was two killed and

-twenty-three wounded, six of them mortally. The enemy's loss was 630

-killed ... wounded 208 ... prisoners 730...._"

-

-

-                       MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE

-

-General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a brief and

-untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an alibi blaming

-General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had ordered Filisola to join

-him by forced marches, for the attack on Houston's army, and was waiting

-for the reinforcements when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto.

-He continued:

-

-"_At two o'clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had fallen asleep

-in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would moderate so that I might

-begin the march (to find Filisola), when the filibusterers surprised my

-camp with admirable skill. Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and

-finding myself surrounded by those people, threatening me with their

-rifles and overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was

-obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by his

-criminal disobedience._"

-

-This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which Santa Anna

-recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops in the battle until

-"the new recruits threw everything into confusion, breaking their ranks

-and preventing veterans from making use of their arms, whilst the enemy

-was rapidly advancing with loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a

-victory which they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of."

-

-Then, _El Presidente_ went on:

-

-"_All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I found

-myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp ...

-offered me his horse, with the tenderest and most urging expressions

-insisted on my riding off the field.... I remembered that General

-Filisola was only seventeen leagues off, and I took my direction toward

-him, darting through the enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride

-of one league and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the

-bridge over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit._

-

-    [Illustration: ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA]

-

-"_I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded in

-concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night coming on I escaped

-them, and the hope of reaching the army gave me strength. I crossed the

-creek with the water up to my breast and continued my route on foot. I

-found, in a house which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing,

-which enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o'clock a.m., while I

-was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again. Such is the

-history of my capture. On account of my change of apparel they did not

-recognize me, and inquired whether I had seen Santa Anna. To this I

-answered that he had made his escape; and this answer saved me from

-assassination, as I have since been given to understand._"

-

-

-Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna's staff, gave a more detailed and

-more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He told how Santa Anna, his

-staff and most of the men were asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm

-of the Texan advance. Some of the men were out gathering boughs for

-shelter; cavalrymen were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:

-

-"_I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe the

-movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a mere line of

-one rank, and very extended. In their center was the Texas flag; on both

-wings, they had two light cannons, well manned. Their cavalry was

-opposite our front, overlapping our left. In this disposition yelling

-furiously, with a brisk fire of grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced

-resolutely upon our camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General

-Castrillon shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving

-orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down and avoid

-the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency._

-

-"_Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified, and

-sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to force some of

-them to fight, but all efforts were in vain--the evil was beyond remedy;

-they were a bewildered and panic-stricken herd._

-

-"_The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods. Presently

-we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of their clamor.

-Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like upon our deserted

-camp._

-

-"_Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost excitement,

-wringing his hands, and unable to give an order. General Castrillon was

-stretched on the ground, wounded in the leg. Colonel Trevino was killed,

-and Colonel Marcial Aguirre was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy

-reaching the ordnance train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who

-had been detailed to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the

-previous evening._"

-

-In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans wrought the

-worst carnage of the battle.

-

-"_There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been all over with

-us had not Providence placed us in the hands of the noble and generous

-captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great exertion, saved us repeatedly

-from being slaughtered by the drunken and infuriated volunteers._"

-

-    [Illustration: Star]

-

-

-               San Jacinto Museum of History Association

-

-                           BOARD OF TRUSTEES

-

-                    George A. Hill, Jr., _President_

-                      L. W. Kemp, _Vice President_

-                   W. B. Bates, _Secretary-Treasurer_

-                               A. C. Finn

-                          Mrs. Madge W. Hearne

-                      Dorothy W. Estes, _Director_

-

-

-                   San Jacinto State Park Commission

-

-                       J. Perry Moore, _Chairman_

-                                Mary Tod

-                             W. E. Kendall

-

-

-

-

-                          San Jacinto Monument

-

-

-The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the scene of the

-historic conflict between Sam Houston's pioneers and Santa Anna's

-Mexican invaders, was erected as a memorial to the Texas heroes,

-commemorating the Centennial of 1836. Appropriations aggregating

-$1,866,148 were made by the State of Texas and the Federal Government

-for the construction of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto

-State Park. Of this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building

-the monument.

-

-On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle of San

-Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was broken for the

-monument. Among the participants was General Andrew Jackson Houston,

-only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief of the Texas Army at San

-Jacinto. The monument, 570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21,

-1939.

-

-The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn fossilized

-limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County, Texas. The interior

-walls are highly polished. The base of the building is 124 feet square

-and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet square at the base and 30 feet at

-the top.

-

-On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the ground, a

-frieze 178 feet around and 15� feet high shows in relief the history of

-Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans to the present day. This

-was executed by William McVey, Houston sculptor.

-

-On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved inscriptions,

-summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution. Each of these

-eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and the letters in the

-inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by L. W. Kemp with

-collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert Gambrell and other

-historical authorities, they epitomize the whole evolution of Texas

-independence in approximately 600 words.

-

-    [Illustration: San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum]

-

-There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The entrance is

-through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two spacious rooms. The

-south room houses the exhibits relating to the Spanish and Mexican

-period of Texas history, many of them donated by Colonel and Mrs. George

-A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the north room relate to the Anglo-American

-period until the beginning of the War between the States. An entrance

-lobby from the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the

-observation deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery

-for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting the north

-and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic life.

-

-Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument. One,

-in the south room, records the names of the 910 heroes who fought in the

-battle; the other, in the north room, lists the 248 men of Houston's

-army, mostly sick and non-effectives, who were detailed to remain at the

-camp established opposite Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W.

-Kemp. In this booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.

-

-The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed by the

-W. S. Bellows Construction Company of Houston.

-

-Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is financed,

-without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee charged for

-riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by the sale of

-souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association, which operates

-the monument, is a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws

-of Texas, November 7, 1938. Members of the Association's board of

-trustees are nominated by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved

-by the State Board of Control.

-

-

-                       THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH

-

-It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas coast

-during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now known as San Jacinto

-River so choked with water hyacinths (a mauve species of lily that still

-abounds in this region) that they could not pass. They called it the

-"hyacinth stream." From that name evolved "San Jacinto"--Spanish for

-"Saint Hyacinth."

-

-Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave the battlefield

-its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured, while conversing

-with a group of Texan officers inquired concerning the correct name of

-the field. One officer is supposed to have answered "Lynchburg," but

-Wharton suggested "San Jacinto."

-

-The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three miles from

-the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park of 402 acres. It is

-situated near the confluence of San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou--now

-the Houston Ship Channel--not far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural

-beauty. The land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild

-flowers here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor.

-Nowhere else in this section are more luxuriant mossy "beards" to be

-found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.

-

-The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg--known in

-the old days as "Lynch's Ferry"--was one of the early settlements of

-Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along the wide stream and adjacent

-lagoons were once popular as homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou

-from the battleground was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, _ad interim_

-Vice President of the Republic.

-

-Nearby lived David G. Burnet, _ad interim_ President. Later General

-Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from the battlefield. It

-is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister of the Republic of Texas

-to England, had his home at about the site of present Goose Creek, not

-far from Lynchburg.

-

-    [Illustration: Entrance to monument]

-

-

-

-

-                      Texas Revolution Epitomized

-

-

-The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed on the exterior

-of the monument's base in eight panels, is as follows:

-

-  THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN

-  EXTREMELY LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO

-  TAXES OR DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS

-  AND MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN

-  IN 1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO.

-  THEIR UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.

-

-  IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC

-  TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE

-  BATTLE OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2,

-  FOLLOWED: IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS. STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN,

-  "FATHER OF TEXAS", WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834, AND HELD IN MEXICO

-  WITHOUT TRIAL UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED AN ARMY, AND ON

-  NOVEMBER 12, 1835, ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.

-

-  THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS

-  AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN

-  SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN

-  GARRISON AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY

-  THE TEXANS, OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED DECEMBER 10, 1835

-  AFTER FIVE DAYS OF FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE BENJAMIN R. MILAM

-  DIED A HERO, AND THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.

-

-  TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.

-  FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES

-  GRANT'S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET

-  TRAVIS AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6,

-  WILLIAM WARD WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14, AMON B. KING'S MEN

-  WERE EXECUTED NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES WALKER FANNIN AND HIS

-  ARMY WERE PUT TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.

-

-  ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL

-  SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK,

-  ATTACKED THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA

-  ANNA. THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY

-  SHERMAN'S REGIMENT, EDWARD BURLESON'S REGIMENT, THE ARTILLERY

-  COMMANDED BY GEORGE W. HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD'S INFANTRY AND THE

-  CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR. SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.

-

-  WITH THE BATTLE CRY, "REMEMBER THE ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!" THE TEXANS

-  CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE, RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES, THEN

-  FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE. THE

-  SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE

-  FOLLOWING DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED

-  "NAPOLEON OF THE WEST," RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS FOE THE MERCY HE HAD

-  DENIED TRAVIS AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.

-

-  CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT SAN

-  JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,

-  ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA, MAINE, MARYLAND,

-  MASSACHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW

-  YORK, NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH

-  CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT, VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA,

-  ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY, MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND

-  SCOTLAND.

-

-  MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES

-  OF THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM MEXICO WON HERE LED TO

-  ANNEXATION AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE

-  UNITED STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA,

-  CALIFORNIA, UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING, KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA.

-  ALMOST ONE-THIRD OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN NATION, NEARLY A

-  MILLION SQUARE MILES OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.

-

-

-

-

-                            Brigham Monument

-

-

-                       DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR

-

-Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal memorial

-on the battlefield was a plain square spire monument of Rutland

-variegated marble, fifteen and one-half feet high, which with the base

-stands seventeen feet. After its dedication it was placed at the grave

-of Benjamin R. Brigham, one of the nine Texans who were killed or

-mortally wounded in the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception,

-were buried on the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.

-Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in 1879

-Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise funds by public

-subscription to erect a joint monument where their bodies lay, the grave

-of Brigham was alone recognizable.

-

-The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies August

-25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General Sam Houston, being the

-orator of the occasion. On April 23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature

-purchased for $1,500, ten acres of land surrounding the monument. This

-was the beginning of the present San Jacinto State Park.

-

-Carved on the east front of the monument is:

-                      "DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR"

-

-Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a wreath of

-oak and laurel leaves.

-

-Beneath the star:

-                            "B. R. BRIGHAM"

-

-On the base:

-                             "SAN JACINTO"

-

-Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are cut two

-stars on each front and one above the band on the east front. These

-represent the nine who fell in the battle.

-

-    [Illustration: Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the

-    nine dead at San Jacinto.]

-

-    [Illustration: Marker at site of Santa Anna's surrender at San

-    Jacinto.]

-

-On the north front, beneath the heading:

-

-                      "TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE"

-

-is recorded the statement of General Houston:

-

-"_This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only

-chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have looked for

-reinforcements in vain: We will only have about seven hundred men to

-march with besides the camp guard. We go on to conquer. It is wisdom

-growing out of necessity to meet the enemy now. Every consideration

-enforces it. No previous occasion would justify it. The troops are in

-fine spirits and now is the time for action. We shall use our best

-efforts to fight the enemy to such advantage as will insure victory

-though the odds are greatly against us._

-

-"_I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon His

-providence._

-

-"_My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right for which

-we fight will be secured, and Texas free._"

-

-Below this is inscribed:

-                          "REMEMBER THE ALAMO"

-

-On the south front beneath the heading:

-                       "THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE"

-

-is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:

-

-"_The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced, but, at

-the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence rose in

-Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by the clouds of

-despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and pursued with ardour

-the annals of war; we have contemplated, with the highest emotions of

-sublimity, the loud roaring thunder, the desolating tornado, and the

-withering simoon of the desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired

-us with emotions like those felt on this occasion! There was a general

-cry which pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA BAHIA!

-These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The unerring aim and

-irresistible energy of the Texan army could not be withstood, it was

-freemen fighting against the minions of tyranny and the result proved

-the inequality of such a contest._"

-

-And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston's

-charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:

-                      "WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER"

-

-On the west front:

-

-                 "This monument stands at the grave of

-                         BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM

-                who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836

-

-                              "Nearby rest

-

-                         LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY

-                              JOHN C. HALE

-                             GEORGE A. LAMB

-                         DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY

-                             MATHIAS COOPER

-                          THOMAS PATTON FOWLE

-                           ASHLEY R. STEPHENS

-

- "Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto

-

-                            "OLWYN J. TRASK

- died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound

-he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April

-                               20, 1836.

-

- "This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens

-   of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to

-           perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess"

-

-On the base following this tribute is the war cry,

-                           "REMEMBER GOLIAD"

-

-    [Illustration: MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER

-

-THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE

-

-GENERAL HOUSTON    APRIL 19 1836

-

-OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT

-HERE APRIL 21 1836 OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY]

-

-

-

-

-                           The Roll of Honor

-

-

-One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls of the San

-Jacinto museum records the names of the officers and men of the Texas

-army who fought in the battle on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of

-the previous day. The other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or

-non-effective, who were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.

-

-Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:

-

-  Adams, Thomas Jefferson

-  Aldrich, Collin

-  Alexander, Jerome B.

-  Allen, John Melville

-  Allison, John C.

-  Allison, Moses

-  Alsbury, Horace Arlington

-  Alsbury, Young Perry

-  Anderson, Washington

-  Andrews, Micah

-  Angel, John

-  Anson, Orin D.

-  Armot, W. S.

-  Armstrong, Irwin

-  Arnold, Hayden

-  Arocha, Jose Maria

-  Arocha, Manuel

-  Arreola, Simon

-  Atkinson, Milton B.

-  Avery, Willis

-

-  Bailey, Alexander

-  Bailey, Howard W.

-  Bain, Noel M.

-  Baker, Daniel Davis D.

-  Baker, Joseph

-  Baker, Moseley

-  Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin

-  Balch, John

-  Bancroft, Jethro Russell

-  Banks, Reason

-  Barcinas, Andres

-  Bardwell, Soloman B.

-  Barker, George

-  Barkley, John A.

-  Barr, Robert

-  Barstow, Joshua

-  Bateman, William

-  Barton, Jefferson A.

-  Barton, Wayne

-  Barton, Elder B.

-  Baxter, Montgomery

-  Baylor, Dr. John Walker

-  Bear, Isaac H.

-  Beard, Andrew Jackson

-  Beason, Leander

-  Beauchamp, John

-  Beebe, John N.

-  Begley, John

-  Belden, John

-  Belknap, Thomas

-  Bell, James Madison

-  Bell, Peter Hansbrough

-  Bell, Thomas Henry

-  Bennett, Joseph L.

-  Bennett, W. B.

-  Bennett, William

-  Benson, Ellis

-  Benton, Alfred

-  Benton, Daniel

-  Bernardi, Prospero

-  Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick

-  Berry, Andrew Jackson

-  Berryhill, William M.

-  Billingsley, Jesse

-  Bingham, Mathias A.

-  Bird, James

-  Birt, Samuel Pearce

-  Bissett, Robert B.

-  Blackwell, Thomas

-  Blakey, Lemuel Stockton

-  Bledsoe, George L.

-  Blue, Uriah

-  Bollinger, Ephriam

-  Bollinger, Peter

-  Bond, Henry

-  Booker, Dr. Shields

-  Boom, Garret E.

-  Borden, John Pettit

-  Borden, Paschal Pavolo

-  Bostick, Sion Record

-  Bottsford, Seymour

-  Bowen, William Robert

-  Box, James Edward

-  Box, John Andrew

-  Box, Nelson

-  Box, Thomas Griffin

-  Boyd, James C.

-  Boyle, William

-  Bradley, Isaac B.

-  Bradley, James

-  Brake, Michael J.

-  Branch, Edward Thomas

-  Breeding, Fidelie S.

-  Breedlove, A. W.

-  Brenan, William

-  Brewer, Henry Mitchell

-  Brewster, Henry Percy

-  Brigham, Benjamin Rice

-  Brigham, Moses W.

-  Briscoe, Andrew

-  Brookfield, Francis E.

-  Brooks, Thomas D.

-  Brown, David

-  Brown, George J.

-  Brown, Oliver T.

-  Brown, Wilson C.

-  Browning, George Washington

-  Bruff, Christopher Columbus

-  Bryan, Luke O.

-  Bryan, Moses Austin

-  Bryant, Benjamin Franklin

-  Buffington, Anderson

-  Buford, Thomas Young

-  Bullock, David M.

-  Bunton, John Wheeler

-  Burleson, Aaron

-  Burleson, Edward

-  Burnam, John Hickerson

-  Burnam, William Owen

-  Burton, Isaac Watts

-  Bust, Luke W.

-  Butts, Augustus J.

-

-  Caddell, Andrew

-  Cage, Benjamin Franklin

-  Calder, Robert James

-  Caldwell, Pinckney

-  Callicoatte, John B.

-  Callihan, Thomas Jefferson

-  Campbell, Joseph

-  Campbell, Michael

-  Cannan, William Jarvis

-  Carmona, Ceasario

-  Carnal, Patrick

-  Carpenter, John W.

-  Carper, Dr. William M.

-  Carr, John

-  Carter, Robert W. P.

-  Cartwright, Matthew Winston

-  Cartwright, William P.

-  Caruthers, Allen

-  Casillas, Gabriel

-  Cassidy, John W.

-  Chadduck, Richard H.

-  Chaffin, James A.

-  Chapman, Henry S.

-  Chavenoe, Michael

-  Cheairs, John F.

-  Cheevers, John

-  Chenoweth, John

-  Chiles, Lewis L.

-  Choate, David, Jr.

-  Christie, John

-  Clapp, Elisha

-  Clark, James

-  Clark, John

-  Clark, William

-  Clarke, Charles A.

-  Clarkson, Charles

-  Clayton, Joseph Alvey

-  Clelens, Josh

-  Clemmons, Lewis Chapman

-  Clemmons, William H.

-  Cleveland, Horatio N.

-  Clopper, ----

-  Coble, Adam

-  Cochran, Jeremiah D.

-  Coffman, Elkin G.

-  Coker, John

-  Cole, Benjamin L.

-  Cole, David

-  Coleman, Robert M.

-  Collard, Job Starks

-  Collins, Willis

-  Collinsworth, James

-  Colton, William

-  Conlee, Preston

-  Conn, James

-  Connell, Sampson

-  Connor, James

-  Cook, James R.

-  Cooke, Francis Jarvis

-  Cooke, Thomas

-  Cooke, William Gordon

-  Cooper, Mathias

-  Corry, Thomas F.

-  Corzine, Hershel

-  Cox, Lewis

-  Cox, Thomas

-  Craddock, John Robert

-  Craft, James A.

-  Craft, Russell B.

-  Craig, Henry R.

-  Crain, Joel Burditt

-  Crain, Roden Taylor

-  Cravens, Robert M.

-  Crawford, Robert

-  Criswell, William Vanoy

-  Crittenden, Robert

-  Crittenden, William

-  Crosby, Ganey

-  Crunk, Nicholas S.

-  Cruz, Antonio

-  Cumba, James

-  Cumberland, George

-  Cunningham, Leander Calvin

-  Curbiere, Antonio

-  Curbiere, Matias

-  Curtis, Hinton

-  Curtis, James, Sr.

-

-  Dale, Elijah Valentine

-  Dallas, Walter Riddle

-  Dalrymple, John

-  Darling, Socrates

-  Darr, George

-  Darst, Edmund Calloway

-  Darst, Richard Brownfield

-  Davey, Thomas P.

-  Davidson, John F.

-  Davis, Abner C.

-  Davis, George Washington

-  Davis, James P.

-  Davis, Jesse Kencheloe

-  Davis, Moses H.

-  Davis, Samuel

-  Davis, Travis

-  Davis, Washington H.

-  Dawson, Nicholas Mosby

-  Day, William

-  Deadrick, David

-  Deadrick, Fielding

-  Deadrick, George M.

-  Denham, M. H.

-  Denman, Colden

-  Dennis, Thomas Mason

-  De Vore, Cornelius

-  DeWitt, James C.

-  Dibble, Henry

-  Dillard, Abraham

-  Dixon, James W.

-  Doan, Joseph

-  Doolittle, Berry

-  Doubt, Daniel L.

-  Douthet, James

-  Dubromer, Dr. Tobias

-  Duffee, William

-  Dunbar, William

-  Duncan, John

-  Dunham, Daniel T.

-  Dunn, Matthew

-  Durham, William Daniel

-  Dutcher, Alfred

-

-  Earl, William

-  Eastland, William Mosby

-  Edgar, Joseph Smith

-  Edingburg, Christopher Columbus

-  Edson, Amos B.

-  Edwards, Isiah

-  Edwards, Tilford C.

-  Egbert, James D.

-  Eggleston, Horace

-  Ehlinger, Joseph

-  Eldridge, James J.

-  Ellinger, Joseph

-  Elliot, James D.

-  Elliot, Peter S.

-  Ellis, Willis L.

-  Enriquez, Lucio

-  Erath, George Bernhard

-  Evetts, James H.

-  Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray

-  Eyler, Jacob

-

-  Faris, Hezekiah

-  Farley, Thomas M.

-  Farmer, James

-  Farrish, Oscar

-  Farwell, Joseph

-  Fennell, George

-  Ferrell, John P.

-  Ferrill, William L.

-  Fields, Henry

-  Finch, Matthew

-  Fisher, William

-  Fisher, William S.

-  Fitch, Benjamin Franklin

-  Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.

-  Flick, John

-  Flores, Manuel

-  Flores, Martin

-  Flores, Nepomuceno

-  Floyd, Joseph

-  Flynn, Thomas

-  Foard, Charles A.

-  Fogle, Andrew

-  Foley, Steven Tucker

-  Forbes, George Washington

-  Forbes, John

-  Ford, Simon Peter

-  Forrester, Charles

-  Foster, Anthony

-  Foster, John Ray

-  Fowle, Thomas Patton

-  Fowler, Styles J.

-  Fowler, Thomas M.

-  Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell

-  Frazer, Hugh

-  Freele, James

-  Fry, Benjamin Franklin

-  Fullerton, William

-

-  Gafford, John

-  Gage, Calvin

-  Gainer, John N.

-  Gallaher, Edward

-  Gallatin, Albert

-  Gammell, William

-  Gant, William W.

-  Gardner, George Washington

-  Garner, John

-  Garwood, S. Joseph

-  Gay, Thomas

-  Gedry, Lefroy

-  Gentry, Frederick Browder

-  Giddings, Giles Albert

-  Gilbert, John Floyd

-  Gill, John Porter

-  Gill, William

-  Gillaspie, James

-  Gillespie, Luke John

-  Glidwell, Abner

-  Goheen, Michael R.

-  Goodloe, Robert Kemp

-  Goodwin, Lewis

-  Graham, John

-  Graves, Alexander S.

-  Graves, Thomas A.

-  Gray, James

-  Gray, Mayberry B.

-  Green, B.

-  Green, George

-  Green, James

-  Green, Thomas

-  Greenlaw, Augus

-  Greenwood, James

-  Greer, Thomas N. B.

-  Grice, James B.

-  Grieves, David

-  Griffin, William

-  Grigsby, Crawford

-  Gross, Jacob

-  Gustine, Dr. Lemuel

-

-  Halderman, Jesse

-  Hale, John C.

-  Hale, William

-  Hall, James S.

-  Hall, John

-  Hallet, John, Jr.

-  Hallmark, William Calvert

-  Halstead, E. B.

-  Hamilton, Elias E.

-  Hancock, George Duncan

-  Handy, Robert Eden

-  Hanson, Thomas

-  Hardaway, Samuel G.

-  Hardeman, Thomas Monroe

-  Hardin, Benjamin Franklin

-  Harmon, Clark M.

-  Harmon, John A.

-  Harness, William

-  Harper, Benjamin J.

-  Harper, John

-  Harper, Peter

-  Harris, Andrew Jackson

-  Harris, James

-  Harris, Temple Overton

-  Harrison, A. L.

-  Harrison, Elzy

-  Harvey, David

-  Harvey, John

-  Haskins, Thomas A.

-  Hassell, John W.

-  Hawkins, William J.

-  Hawkins, William Washington

-  Hayr, James

-  Hays, William C.

-  Hazen, Nathaniel C.

-  Heard, William Jones Elliot

-  Heck, Charles F.

-  Henderson, Francis K.

-  Henderson, Hugh

-  Henderson, Robert

-  Henderstrom, Augustus

-  Henry, Charles M.

-  Henry, Robert

-  Herrera, Pedro

-  Herron, John Harvey

-  Hickox, Franklin B.

-  Higsmith, Ahijah M.

-  Hill, Abraham Webb

-  Hill, H.

-  Hill, Isaac Lafayette

-  Hill, James Monroe

-  Hobson, John

-  Hockley, George Washington

-  Hogan, Josiah

-  Hogan, Thomas

-  Holder, Prior A.

-  Holman, Sanford

-  Holmes, Peter W.

-  Homan, Harvey

-  Hood, Robert

-  Hope, Prosper

-  Hopson, Lucien

-  Horton, Alexander

-  Hotchkiss, Rinaldo

-  Houston, Samuel

-  Howard, William C.

-  Howell, Robert F.

-  Hueser, John A.

-  Hughes, Thomas M.

-  Hunt, John Campbell

-  Hyland, Joseph

-

-  Ijams, Basil G.

-  Ingram, Allen

-  Ingram, John

-  Irvine, James Thomas Patton

-  Irvine, Josephus Somerville

-  Isbell, James H.

-  Isbell, William

-

-  Jack, William Houston

-  Jackson, W. R.

-  James, Denward

-  Jaques, Isaac L.

-  Jennings, James D.

-  Jett, James Matthew

-  Jett, Stephen

-  Johnson, Benjamin

-  Johnson, George

-  Johnson, George J.

-  Johnson, James

-  Johnson, John R.

-  Johnson, John R.

-  Johnston, Thomas F.

-  Jones, Allen B.

-  Jones, Dr. Anson

-  Jones, David J.

-  Jones, Edward S.

-  Jones, George Washington

-  Jordan, Alfred S.

-  Joslin, James

-

-  Karner, John

-  Karnes, Henry Wax

-  Kelly, Connell O'Donnell

-  Kelso, Alfred

-  Kenkennon, William P.

-  Kennard, William Stephens

-  Kent, Joseph

-  Kenyon, Amos D.

-  Kibbe, William

-  Kimbro, William

-  Kincheloe, Daniel R.

-  King, W.

-  Kleburg, Robert Justus

-  Kornegay, David Smith

-  Kraatz, Lewis

-  Kuykendall, Matthew

-

-  Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp's

-  Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte

-  Lamar, Shelly W.

-  Lamb, George A.

-  Lambert, Walter

-  Lane, Walter Paye

-  Lang, George Washington

-  Lapham, Moses

-  Larbarthrier, Charles

-  Larrison, Allen

-  Lasater, Francis B.

-  Lawrence, George Washington

-  Lawrence, Joseph

-  Lealand, James

-  Leek, George W.

-  Leeper, Samuel

-  Legg, Seneca

-  Legrand, Edward Oswald

-  Lemsky, Frederick

-  Lessassier, Alexander

-  Lester, James Seaton

-  Leuders, Ferdinand

-  Lewellyn, John

-  Lewis, Abraham

-  Lewis, Archibald S.

-  Lewis, Edward

-  Lewis, John Edward

-  Lightfoot, William W.

-  Lightfoot, Wilson T.

-  Lind, John F.

-  Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.

-  Loderback, John D.

-  Logan, William M.

-  Lolison, Abiah

-  Lonis, George Washington

-  Loughridge, William Wallace

-  Love, David Hall

-  Love, Robert S.

-  Lowary, John L.

-  Lupton, Cyrus W.

-  Lyford, John

-  Lynch, Nicholas

-

-  Magill, William Harrison

-  Maiden, Isaac

-  Maldonado, Juan

-  Malone, Charles

-  Mancha, Jose Maria

-  Manning, James M.

-  Manuel, Albert C.

-  Marner, John

-  Marre, Achelle

-  Marsh, Alonzo

-  Marshall, John Ligett

-  Martin, Joseph

-  Martin, Philip

-  Mason, Charles

-  Mason, George W.

-  Massey, William

-  Maxwell, Pierre Menard

-  Maxwell, Thomas

-  Maybee, Jacob

-  Mays, Ambrose

-  Mays, Thomas H.

-  McAllister, Joseph

-  McClelland, Samuel

-  McCloskey, Robert D.

-  McCorlay, Placide B.

-  McCormick, Joseph Manton

-  McCoy, John

-  McCoy, William

-  McCrabb, John

-  McCrabb, Joseph

-  McCullough, Benjamin

-  McFadin, David Hutcheson

-  McFarlane, John W. B.

-  McGary, Daniel H.

-  McGary, Isaac

-  McGay, Thomas

-  McGown, Andrew Jackson

-  McHorse, John W.

-  McIntire, Thomas H.

-  McIntire, William

-  McKay, Daniel

-  McKenzie, Hugh

-  McKinza, Alexander

-  McKneely, Samuel M.

-  McLaughlin, Robert

-  McLaughlin, Stephen

-  McLean, McDougald

-  McMillan, Edward

-  McNeel, Pleasant D.

-  McNelly, Bennett

-  McStea, Andrew M.

-  Menchaca, Jose Antonio

-  Menefee, John Sutherland

-  Mercer, Eli

-  Mercer, Elijah G.

-  Mercer, George Richie

-  Merritt, Robert

-  Merwin, Joseph W.

-  Miles, Alfred H.

-  Miles, Edward

-  Millard, Henry

-  Millen, William A.

-  Miller, Daniel

-  Miller, Hugh

-  Miller, Joseph

-  Miller, William H.

-  Millerman, Ira

-  Millett, Samuel

-  Mills, Andrew Granville

-  Mims, Benjamin Franklin

-  Minnitt, Joshua.

-  Mitchell, Alexander S.

-  Mitchell, James

-  Mitchell, Nathen

-  Mitchell, S. B.

-  Mixon, Noel

-  Mock, William N.

-  Molino, Jose

-  Money, John Hamilton

-  Montgomery, Andrew M.

-  Montgomery, John

-  Montgomery, Robert W.

-  Moore, Robert

-  Moore, Robert D.

-  Moore, Samuel

-  Moore, William P.

-  Mordorff, Henry

-  Moreland, Isaac N.

-  Morgan, Hugh

-  Morris, Jonathan D.

-  Morton, John

-  Mosier, Adam

-  Moss, John

-  Moss, Matthew Mark

-  Mottley, Dr. Junius William

-  Murphree, David

-  Murphy, Daniel

-  Murray, William

-  Myrick, Eliakin P.

-

-  Nabers, Robert

-  Nabers, William

-  Nash, James H.

-  Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno

-  Neal, John C.

-  Nealis, Francis

-  Neill, James Clinton

-  Nelson, David S.

-  Nelson, James

-  Newman, William P.

-  Noland, Eli

-

-  O'Banion, Jennings

-  O'Connor, Patrick B.

-  O'Connor, Thomas

-  Odem, David

-  O'Driscoll, Daniel

-  O'Neil, John

-  Orr, Thomas

-  Osborne, Benjamin S.

-  Ownsby, James P.

-

-  Pace, Dempsey Council

-  Pace, James Robert

-  Pace, Wesley Walker

-  Pace, William Carroll

-  Park, Joseph Belton

-  Park, William A.

-  Parker, Dickerson

-  Parrott, C. W.

-  Paschall, Samuel

-  Pate, William H.

-  Patterson, James S.

-  Patton, St. Clair

-  Patton, William

-  Patton, William Hester

-  Pearce, Edward

-  Pearce, William J. C.

-  Peck, Nathaniel

-  Peck, Nicholas

-  Peebles, Samuel W.

-  Pena, Jacinto

-  Penticost, George Washington

-  Perry, Daniel

-  Perry, James Hazard

-  Peterson, John

-  Peterson, William

-  Pettus, Edward Cratic

-  Pettus, John Freeman

-  Petty, George Washington

-  Peveto, Michael, Jr.

-  Phelps, James A. E.

-  Phillips, Eli

-  Phillips, Samuel

-  Phillips, Sydney

-  Pickering, John

-  Pinchback, James R.

-  Plaster, Thomas Pliney

-  Pleasants, John

-  Plunkett, John

-  Poe, George Washington

-  Powell, James

-  Pratt, Thomas A. S.

-  Proctor, Joseph W.

-  Pruitt, Levi

-  Pruitt, Martin

-  Putnam, Mitchell

-

-  Rainey, Clement

-  Rainwater, Edwin R.

-  Ramey, Lawrence

-  Ramirez, Eduardo

-  Raymond, Samuel B.

-  Reaves, Dimer W.

-  Rector, Claiborne

-  Rector, Elbridge Gerry

-  Rector, Pendleton

-  Redd, William Davis

-  Reed, Henry

-  Reed, Nathaniel

-  Reel, Robert J. W.

-  Reese, Charles Keller

-  Reese, Washington Perry

-  Rheinhart, Asa

-  Rhodes, Joseph

-  Rial, John W.

-  Richardson, Daniel

-  Richardson, John

-  Richardson, Lewis

-  Richardson, William

-  Ripley, Phineas

-  Robbins, John

-  Robbins, Thomas

-  Roberts, David

-  Roberts, Zion

-  Robinson, George Washington

-  Robinson, James W.

-  Robinson, Jesse

-  Robinson, Thomas Jefferson

-  Robinson, William

-  Robison, Joel Walter

-  Rockwell, Chester B.

-  Rodriquez, Ambrosio

-  Roeder, Louis Von

-  Roman, Richard

-  Rounds, Lyman Frank

-  Rowe, James

-  Ruddell, John

-  Rudder, Nathaniel

-  Rusk, David

-  Rusk, Thomas Jefferson

-  Russell, Robert Benedict

-  Ryans, Thomas

-

-  Sadler, John

-  Sadler, William Turner

-  Sanders, John

-  Sanders, Uriah

-  Sanett, D. Andrew

-  Sayers, John

-  Scallorn, John Wesley

-  Scarborough, Paul

-  Scates, William Bennett

-  Scott, David

-  Scott, William P.

-  Scurry, Richardson A.

-  Seaton, George Washington

-  Secrest, Fielding Grundy

-  Secrest, Washington Hampton

-  Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno

-  Self, George

-  Sergent, W.

-  Sevey, Manasseh

-  Sevey, Ralph E.

-  Shain, Charles B.

-  Sharp, John

-  Shaw, James

-  Sherman, Sidney

-  Shesten, Henry

-  Shreve, John Milton

-  Shupe, Samuel

-  Sigmon, Abel

-  Simmons, William

-  Slack, Joseph H.

-  Slayton, John

-  Smith, Benjamin Fort

-  Smith, Erastus

-  Smith, George

-  Smith, James Monroe

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John

-  Smith, John N. O.

-  Smith, Leander

-  Smith, Maxlin

-  Smith, Robert W.

-  Smith, William

-  Smith, William C.

-  Smith, William H.

-  Smith, William M.

-  Snell, Martin Kingsley

-  Snyder, Asberry McKendree

-  Somervell, Alexander

-  Sovereign, Joseph

-  Sparks, Stephen Franklin

-  Spicer, Joseph A.

-  Spillman, James H.

-  Stancell, John F.

-  Standifer, Jacob Littleton

-  Standifer, William Bailey

-  Stibbins, Charles C.

-  Steel, Maxwell

-  Steele, Alfonso

-  Stephens, Ashley R.

-  Stephenson, John Allen

-  Stevenson, R.

-  Stevenson, Robert

-  Stewart, Charles

-  Stewart, James

-  Stilwell, William S.

-  Stouffer, Henry S.

-  Stout, William B.

-  Stroh, Phillip

-  Stroud, John W.

-  Stump, John S.

-  Sullivan, Dennis

-  Summers, William W.

-  Sutherland, George

-  Swain, William L.

-  Swearingen, Valentine Wesley

-  Swearingen, William C.

-  Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson

-  Sweeny, William Burrell

-  Swift, Hugh Montgomery

-  Swisher, Henry H.

-  Swisher, John Milton

-  Sylvester, James Austin

-

-  Tanner, Edward M.

-  Tarin, Manuel

-  Tarlton, James

-  Taylor, Abraham R.

-  Taylor, Campbell

-  Taylor, Edward W.

-  Taylor, John B.

-  Taylor, John N.

-  Taylor, Thomas

-  Taylor, William S.

-  Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.

-  Thomas, Algernon P.

-  Thompson, Charles P.

-  Thompson, Cyrus W.

-  Thompson, James B.

-  Thompson, Jesse G.

-  Threadgill, Joshua

-  Tierwester, Henry H.

-  Tindale, Daniel

-  Tindall, William Pike

-  Tinsley, James W.

-  Tom, John Files

-  Townsend, Spencer Burton

-  Townsend, Stephen

-  Trask, Olwyn J.

-  Trenary, John B.

-  Tumlinson, John James

-  Turnage, Shelby C.

-  Turner, Amasa

-  Tyler, Charles C.

-  Tyler, Robert D.

-

-  Usher, Patrick

-  Utley, Thomas C.

-

-  Vandeveer, Logan

-  Van Winkle, John

-  Vermillion, Joseph D.

-  Vinator, James

-  Viven, John

-  Votaw, Elijah

-

-  Wade, John Marshall

-  Waldron, C. W.

-  Walker, James

-  Walker, Martin

-  Walker, Philip

-  Walker, William S.

-  Walling, Jesse

-  Walmsley, James

-  Walnut, Francis

-  Wardziski, Felix

-  Ware, William

-  Waters, George

-  Waters, William

-  Watkins, James E.

-  Watson, Dexter

-  Webb, George

-  Webb, Thomas H.

-  Weedon, George

-  Welch, James

-  Wells, James A.

-  Wells, Lysander

-  Weppler, Phillip

-  Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf

-  Westgate, Ezra C.

-  Wharton, James

-  Wharton, John Austin

-  Wheeler, Samuel L.

-  Whitaker, Madison G.

-  White, John Carey

-  White, Joseph E.

-  White, Levi W.

-  Whitesides, Elisha S.

-  Wilcox, Ozwin

-  Wilder, Joseph

-  Wildy, Samuel

-  Wilkinson, Freeman

-  Wilkinson, James

-  Wilkinson, James G., Jr.

-  Wilkinson, John

-  Wilkinson, Leroy

-  Williams, Charles

-  Williams, Francis F.

-  Williams, Hezekiah Reams

-  Williams, Matthew R.

-  Williams, William F.

-  Williamson, John W.

-  Williamson, Robert McAlpin

-  Willoughby, Leiper

-  Wilmouth, Louis

-  Wilson, James

-  Wilson, Thomas

-  Wilson, Walker

-  Winburn, McHenry

-  Winn, Walter

-  Winters, James Washington

-  Winters, John Frelan

-  Winters, William Carvin

-  Wood, Edward B.

-  Wood, William

-  Woodlief, Deveraux J.

-  Woods, Samuel

-  Woodward, F. Marion

-  Woolsey, Abner W.

-  Wright, George Washington

-  Wright, Rufus

-  Wyly, Alfred Henderson

-

-  Yancy, John

-  Yarborough, Swanson

-  York, James Allison

-  Young, William Foster

-

-  Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.

-  Zumwalt, Andrew

-

-

-Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers and

-men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established

-opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades who

-guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main army.

-

-  Abbott, Calvin P.

-  Abbott, Launcelot

-  Allphin, Ransom

-  Anderson, John D.

-  Anderson, John W.

-  Anderson, Thomas

-  Anderson, Thomas P.

-  Atkinson, John

-

-  Baker, Walter Elias

-  Barker, William

-  Bartlett, Jesse

-  Beams, Obediah P.

-  Belcher, Isham G.

-  Bennett, James

-  Benton, Jesse, Jr.

-  Berry, John Bate

-  Black, Albert

-  Blaylock, James B.

-  Blount, Stephen William

-  Bomar, Dr. William W.

-  Bond, George

-  Bostick, James H.

-  Box, Stilwell

-  Boyce, Jeptha

-  Bracey, McLin

-  Bradley, Daniel

-  Breeding, John

-  Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte

-  Brown, Alexander

-  Brown, Robert

-  Bryody, Patrick

-  Burch, James

-  Burch, Valentine

-  Burditt, Newell W.

-  Burditt, William Buck

-  Burleson, Jonathan

-  Burtrang, Thomas

-

-  Campbell, David Wilson

-  Campbell, Heil Otem

-  Campbell, John

-  Campbell, Rufus Easton

-  Cannon, Thomas

-  Caruthers, Young

-  Casey, George M.

-  Castleman, Jacob

-  Chamberlin, Willard

-  Chance, Joseph Bell

-  Chelaup, James K.

-  Childress, James R.

-  Cockrell, John R.

-  Coe, Philip Haddox

-  Cole, James

-  Collard, James Hillness

-  Collard, Jonathan S.

-  Connell, David C.

-  Conner, Evan

-  Cook, Octavious A.

-  Cottle, Sylvanus

-  Cox, Phillip

-  Crawford, John B.

-  Crier, Andrew

-  Crownover, Arter

-

-  Darst, Emory Holman

-  Davis, John

-  Davis, William Francis H.

-  Dickinson, Edward

-  Douglass, Freeman Walker

-  Douglass, Jonathan

-  Duff, James Carson

-  Dunn, Josiah G.

-

-  Emmons, Calvin Brallery

-  Etheridge, Godfrey

-  Evans, Moses

-

-  Farley, Massillon

-  Farnsworth, Oliver

-  Finley, Benjamin C.

-  Fisk, Greenleaf

-  Fitzgerald, Lankford

-  Francis, Miller

-  Freed, Henry

-  Freeman, Thomas

-

-  Gillett, Samuel S.

-  Goolsey, William G.

-  Gordon, James

-  Gorham, Isaac

-  Gorham, William

-  Granville, Benjamin

-  Gravis, John A. F.

-  Grimes, Frederick Miller

-  Grimes, George W.

-

-  Haggard, Henry H.

-  Hale, Jonas

-  Hallmark, Alfred M.

-  Harbour, John Monroe

-  Harbour, T. J.

-  Hardin, Ennis

-  Harris, Isaac

-  Hatfield, Basil Muse

-  Head, Wiley M.

-  Hensley, John M.

-  Hill, David

-  Hill, William Warner

-  Hinds, James B.

-  Hodge, Archibald

-  Hodge, James

-  Hodge, Robert

-  Hodge, William

-  Holcombe, James J.

-  Hollingsworth, James

-  Hope, Richard

-  Hughes, James

-  Hunter, Robert Hancock

-

-  Jackson, Joseph

-  Johnson, Joseph Ranson

-  Johnson, Nathan B.

-  Jones, Keeton McLemore

-

-  Kemp, Thomas

-  Kennard, William Everett

-  Kenney, William H.

-  Kerr, William P.

-  Kokernot, Daniel L.

-  Kuykendall, Adam

-  Kuykendall, Brazilla

-  Kuykendall, Gibson

-  Kuykendall, H. A.

-  Kuykendall, James Hampton

-  Kuykendall, John

-  Kuykendall, Thornton S.

-

-  Law, Garret

-  Lee, Hiram

-  Lee, Theodore Staunton

-  Lightfoot, Henry L.

-  Litton, Addison

-  Litton, Jesse

-  Litton, John

-  Liverall, A.

-  Lloyd, Peterson

-  Lynch, Joseph Penn

-

-  Manning, James H.

-  Mantin, L.

-  Marshall, Elias J.

-  Marshall, Hugh Lewis

-  Marshall, John, Jr.

-  Marshall, Joseph Taylor

-  Marshall, Samuel B.

-  Mather, Elisha

-  Maurry, James

-  McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey

-  McFaddin, Nathaniel A.

-  McFadin, William M.

-  McFall, Samuel

-  McGown, Samuel

-  McIntire, William

-  McLaughlin, James

-  McLaughlin, William

-  McMaster, William

-  McMillan, Andrew

-  McMillan, James

-  McNutt, Robert

-  Means, William

-  Merritt, Robert

-  Moore, Azariah G.

-  Moore, John D.

-  Moore, Lewis

-  Moore, Morris

-  Morris, Burrel

-  Morris, George

-  Morris, James H.

-  Morris, Spencer

-  Newton, John

-  Norment, Thomas

-

-  Owen, James D.

-

-  Page, Soloman Calvin

-  Parker, Wiley

-  Peebles, Richard Rodgers

-  Pennington, J. M.

-  Perry, Sion W.

-  Perry, William M.

-  Pettus, William

-  Pevehouse, Preston

-  Pier, James B.

-  Pleasants, George Washington

-  Polk, Thomas

-  Polk, William P.

-  Potts, R.

-  Prewitt, Elisha

-  Price, Hardy William Brown

-  Price, Perry

-  Price, Robert

-  Price, William

-

-  Rankin, David

-  Raper, Daniel

-  Reamos, Sherwood Y.

-  Rhodes, John B.

-  Rhorer, Conrad

-  Ricks, George Washington

-  Robbins, Early

-  Roberts, Stephen R.

-  Robertson, Sterling Clack

-  Robinett, Enoch

-  Robinett, James M.

-  Robinson, Benjamin W.

-  Robinson, James

-  Rowlett, Alexander W.

-

-  Scaggs, John H.

-  Scott, Robert

-  Seaton, George Washington

-  Sharp, John

-  Simpson, Jeremiah W.

-  Smith, John G.

-  Smith, William A.

-  Smith, William P.

-  Smith, William W.

-  Snodgrass, J. G.

-  Splane, Peyton R.

-  Splane, Thomas M.

-  Stephens, John

-  Stevenson, Thomas B.

-  Swoap, Benjamin Franklin

-

-  Taylor, Josiah

-  Teal, Henry

-  Thompson, Thomas

-  Tinnett, Robert

-  Tollett, Wesley

-  Tong, John B.

-  Townsend, Moses

-  Townsend, P. John

-  Townsend, Stephen

-  Townsend, William

-

-  Vardeman, Henry W.

-  Varner, Martin

-  Vaughan, Richard

-

-  Walker, John

-  Walker, Josiah

-  Walling, John C.

-  Whitehead, Nicholas

-  Whitlock, Robert

-  Wilburn, Ransom

-  Williams, Edward

-  Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.

-  Williams, Jesse

-  Winnett, Robert

-  Winters, Agabus

-  Wood, William Riley

-  Woods, Joseph H.

-  Wright, Gilbert

-

-  Yarborough, Joseph Randolph

-

-  Zuber, William Physick

-

-

-

-

-                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

-

-

-Frontispiece "Battle of San Jacinto" is a photograph of a painting by

-Henry A. McArdle.

-

-Sam Houston's picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching

-made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.

-

-Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the

-inscriptions.

-

-Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype

-in the Museum.

-

-The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender

-marker also are by Paul Peters.

-

-The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of

-a painting by W. H. Huddle.

-

-The map showing the route of Sam Houston's army was drawn by L. W. Kemp.

-Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.

-

-    [Illustration: Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield

-    in memory of the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San

-    Jacinto.

-

-The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet in

-circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters of

-the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and was

-dedicated April 21, 1940.]

-

-

-

-

-                               Footnotes

-

-

-[1]This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian

-    John Henry Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he

-    owned which was situated in the present county of Grimes, and known

-    as "Groce's Retreat."

-

-[2]Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the

-    battle said the battle cry was "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember La

-    Bahia!"

-

-[3]With "Deaf" Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young

-    P. Alsbury, John Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R.

-    Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.

-

-[4]In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said

-    783 Texans took part. Yet in a roster published later he listed 845

-    officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight omitted Captain

-    Alfred H. Wyly's Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,

-    Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point.

-    Conclusive evidence in official records brings the total number at

-    San Jacinto up to 910.

-

-[5]Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was "Yankee

-    Doodle."

-

-[6]With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison,

-    Joseph D. Vermillion, Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.

-

-

-

-

-                          Transcriber's Notes

-

-

---Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook

-  is public-domain in the country of publication.

-

---Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

-

---In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by

-  _underscores_.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-***** This file should be named 57849-8.txt or 57849-8.zip *****

-This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:

-        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will

-be renamed.

-

-Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright

-law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,

-so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United

-States without permission and without paying copyright

-royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part

-of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm

-concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,

-and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive

-specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this

-eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook

-for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,

-performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given

-away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks

-not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the

-trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

-

-START: FULL LICENSE

-

-THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

-PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

-

-To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free

-distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work

-(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full

-Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at

-www.gutenberg.org/license.

-

-Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-

-1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to

-and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property

-(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all

-the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or

-destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your

-possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a

-Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound

-by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the

-person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph

-1.E.8.

-

-1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be

-used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who

-agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few

-things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See

-paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this

-agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

-

-1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the

-Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection

-of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual

-works in the collection are in the public domain in the United

-States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the

-United States and you are located in the United States, we do not

-claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,

-displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as

-all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope

-that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting

-free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm

-works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the

-Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily

-comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the

-same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when

-you share it without charge with others.

-

-1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern

-what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are

-in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,

-check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this

-agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,

-distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any

-other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no

-representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any

-country outside the United States.

-

-1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

-

-1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

-immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear

-prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work

-on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the

-phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,

-performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

-

-  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and

-  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no

-  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it

-  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this

-  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the

-  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you

-  are located before using this ebook.

-

-1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is

-derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not

-contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the

-copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in

-the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are

-redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply

-either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or

-obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted

-with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution

-must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any

-additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms

-will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works

-posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the

-beginning of this work.

-

-1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this

-work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

-

-1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

-electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without

-prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with

-active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm License.

-

-1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,

-compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including

-any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access

-to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format

-other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official

-version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site

-(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense

-to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means

-of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain

-Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the

-full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

-

-1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

-performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works

-unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

-access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-provided that

-

-* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from

-  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method

-  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed

-  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has

-  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid

-  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are

-  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty

-  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in

-  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg

-  Literary Archive Foundation."

-

-* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies

-  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he

-  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all

-  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue

-  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm

-  works.

-

-* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

-  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the

-  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of

-  receipt of the work.

-

-* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free

-  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

-

-1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than

-are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing

-from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The

-Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

-

-1.F.

-

-1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable

-effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread

-works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project

-Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may

-contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate

-or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other

-intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or

-other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or

-cannot be read by your equipment.

-

-1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right

-of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all

-liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal

-fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT

-LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE

-PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE

-TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE

-LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR

-INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

-DAMAGE.

-

-1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a

-defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can

-receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a

-written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you

-received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium

-with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you

-with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in

-lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person

-or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second

-opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If

-the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing

-without further opportunities to fix the problem.

-

-1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth

-in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO

-OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT

-LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

-

-1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

-warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of

-damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement

-violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the

-agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or

-limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or

-unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the

-remaining provisions.

-

-1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the

-trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone

-providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in

-accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the

-production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,

-including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of

-the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this

-or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or

-additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any

-Defect you cause.

-

-Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of

-electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of

-computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It

-exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations

-from people in all walks of life.

-

-Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

-assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's

-goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will

-remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure

-and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future

-generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see

-Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at

-www.gutenberg.org

-

-

-

-Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

-

-The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit

-501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the

-state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal

-Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification

-number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by

-U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

-

-The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the

-mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its

-volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous

-locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt

-Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to

-date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and

-official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

-

-For additional contact information:

-

-    Dr. Gregory B. Newby

-    Chief Executive and Director

-    gbnewby@pglaf.org

-

-Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg

-Literary Archive Foundation

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide

-spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of

-increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be

-freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest

-array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations

-($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt

-status with the IRS.

-

-The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

-charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United

-States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a

-considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up

-with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations

-where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND

-DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular

-state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we

-have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition

-against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who

-approach us with offers to donate.

-

-International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

-any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from

-outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

-

-Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation

-methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other

-ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To

-donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.

-

-Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be

-freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and

-distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of

-volunteer support.

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed

-editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in

-the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not

-necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper

-edition.

-

-Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search

-facility: www.gutenberg.org

-

-This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,

-including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to

-subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

-

+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign
+
+Author: Edward Wolf Kilman
+        Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    [Illustration: THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO]
+
+
+
+
+                             THE BATTLE OF
+                              SAN JACINTO
+                               _and the_
+                          SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN
+
+
+    [Illustration: Flags]
+
+                                   by
+                        L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman
+
+                            COPYRIGHT, 1947
+                                   by
+                        L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN
+                            Second Printing
+
+                Printed in the United States of America
+                  The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston
+
+
+
+
+                       The Battle of San Jacinto
+                               _and the_
+                          San Jacinto Campaign
+
+
+                                FOREWORD
+
+San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto, one of the
+world's decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where, with cries of "Remember
+the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910
+pioneers routed Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of
+Mexico and self-styled "Napoleon of the West," with his proud army, and
+changed the map of North America!
+
+Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century ... a
+story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim hardship, tragedy
+and romance ... the story of the epochal battle that established the
+independent Lone Star Republic, on April 21, 1836, and indelibly
+inscribed the names of Texas patriots on history's scroll of American
+immortals.
+
+The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes, but it
+was in the making for six years. It had its prelude in the oppressive
+Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further emigration of
+Anglo-Americans from the United States to Texas; in the disturbance at
+Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco, in 1832; in the imprisonment of
+Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas," in Mexico in 1834.
+
+Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at Gonzales, the
+capture of Goliad, the "Grass Fight," and the siege and capture of San
+Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration of Independence at
+Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, officially signalized the
+revolution.
+
+
+                         RETREAT FROM GONZALES
+
+Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came to the
+convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel William
+Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio. Sam Houston,
+commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left Washington post-haste for
+Gonzales, to take command of the troops there and go to the aid of
+Travis. He arrived there on the 11th, and at about dark learned from two
+Mexicans who had just arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen
+and its 183 brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later
+by Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans after
+seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She was
+trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when the Texas army
+scouts found her.
+
+The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of Gonzales.
+They were panic-stricken by the general belief that Santa Anna next
+would sweep eastward with his well-trained army, in a drive to wipe the
+rebellious Texans from the face of the earth.
+
+Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas history as the
+"Runaway Scrape." Men, women and children packed what belongings they
+could take in wagons and carts, on horseback, or on their own backs, and
+fled their homes in terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving
+eastward toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the
+bloodthirsty Santa Anna.
+
+General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops were no
+match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated Gonzales and
+had the rear guard put the town to the torch. The Texans crossed the
+Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse Burnam's, and camped there for two
+days. Then the army resumed its march down the east bank to Benjamin
+Beason's crossing, some twenty miles below, near the present town of
+Columbus. Camp was pitched at Beason's on the 20th.
+
+Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south, the troops
+might have heard the distant rumble and crackle of gunfire. On March 19,
+Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr., commanding about 450 volunteers
+withdrawing from Goliad toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on
+Coleto Creek by General Jose Urrea's forces of 1200 infantry and 700
+cavalry. Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352 of his
+men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and brutally shot down, by
+order of Santa Anna.
+
+
+                          THE MEXICAN PURSUIT
+
+Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were following the
+colonists. Houston's scouts reported that General Ramirez y Sesma and
+General Adrian Woll were on the west side of the Colorado with
+approximately 725 troops and General Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this
+time recruits and reinforcements had increased Houston's army to a
+strength estimated as high as 1200.
+
+The chilling news of Fannin's defeat, reaching the Texas forces on March
+25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their families beyond
+the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action, but Houston decided to
+continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping his own counsel, he marched
+his army five miles. On the 27th the column reached the timbers of the
+Brazos River bottoms, and on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin,
+on the west bank of the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles
+up the river in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th
+after a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across
+the river from "Bernardo," on one of the plantations of the wealthy
+Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly a fortnight.[1]
+
+When the _ad interim_ Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos
+learned of the Mexicans' approach, in mid-March, it fled to Harrisburg.
+President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief, a caustic note,
+prodding him to stop his retreat and fight. Secretary of War Thomas J.
+Rusk arrived at the camp April 4 at Burnet's direction, to urge Houston
+to a more aggressive course.
+
+Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna decided to take
+possession of the coast and seaports, as a step in his plan to round up
+the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos at Fort Bend (now called
+Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican general proceeded on April 14 on the
+road to Harrisburg, taking with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder
+cannon. Urrea was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere
+between Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend, with
+about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and Fort Bend, with
+nearly 1800 men.
+
+    [Illustration: Route of Sam Houston's army (line of crosses) from
+    San Felipe to San Jacinto, with stops at Groce's, Donoho's,
+    McCurley's, Burnett's, White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.]
+
+Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he learned that the
+Burnet government had gone down Buffalo Bayou to New Washington (now
+Morgan's Point), about eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg,
+Santa Anna sped after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New
+Washington he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.
+Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.
+
+
+                        THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO
+
+Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce's received two small
+cannon, known to history as the "Twin Sisters," a gift from citizens of
+Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston, after a consultation
+with Rusk, decided to move on to the east side of the Brazos. The river
+being very high, the steamboat "Yellow Stone" and a yawl were used to
+ferry the army horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on
+the 12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.
+
+On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain Moseley Baker,
+and other commanders of detachments assigned to delaying actions, to
+rejoin the main army at the house of Charles Donoho, about three miles
+from Groce's. At Donoho's the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas
+crossed the road south from Groce's.
+
+On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of Samuel McCurley
+on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The creek forms the boundary
+line between Harris and Montgomery counties. Three miles beyond
+McCurley's was the home of Abram Roberts at a settlement known as "New
+Kentucky." At Roberts' two wagon trails crossed, one leading to
+Harrisburg and the other to Robbins' Ferry on the Trinity and on to the
+Sabine.
+
+Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials, believed
+that Houston's strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans to the Sabine
+River, the eastern border of Texas. There, it was known, were camped
+United States troops under General Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the
+Texans might turn on their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17,
+when Roberts' place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road
+instead of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification
+of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the home of Matthew
+Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from McCurley's. On April 18 the
+army marched twenty miles to White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of
+the present city of Houston, and only about eight miles from
+Harrisburg--now a part of Houston.
+
+From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus "Deaf" Smith, the famous Texas
+spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had burned Harrisburg and
+had gone down the west side of the bayou and of San Jacinto River, and
+that Santa Anna in person was in command. In his march downstream Santa
+Anna had been forced to cross the bridge over Vince's Bayou, a tributary
+of Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross the same
+bridge to return.
+
+Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th, Houston
+told his troops it looked as if they would soon get action. And he
+admonished them to remember the massacres at San Antonio and at Goliad.
+
+"Remember the Alamo!" The soldiers took up the cry. "Remember
+Goliad!"[2]
+
+In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:
+
+"This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only
+chance for saving Texas."
+
+In an address "To the People of Texas" he wrote:
+
+"We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved for the contest,
+and must conquer or perish.... We must act now or abandon all hope."
+
+Houston's force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near the home of
+Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg, on the evening
+of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick and non-effective, were left with
+the baggage at the camp opposite Harrisburg. The march was continued
+until midnight.
+
+
+                          ON THE EVE OF BATTLE
+
+At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the bayou, to
+intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch's ferry, near the juncture of Buffalo
+Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured a boat laden with supplies
+for Santa Anna. This probably was some of the plunder of Harrisburg or
+New Washington. Ascertaining that none of the enemy forces had crossed,
+the Texans drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped
+in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.
+
+That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment of
+cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing on a general action.
+In the clash two Texans were wounded--one of them, Olwyn J. Trask,
+mortally--and several horses were killed. In this preliminary skirmish
+Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private from Georgia (later President of the
+Republic of Texas), so distinguished himself that on the next day he was
+placed in command of the cavalry.
+
+Santa Anna's blue-uniformed army made camp under the high ground
+overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a mile from the Texas camp.
+They threw up breastworks of trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other
+equipment. Both sides prepared for the expected conflict.
+
+The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine day. Refreshed
+by a breakfast of bread made with flour from the captured supplies and
+meat from beeves slaughtered the day before, they were eager to attack
+the enemy. They could see Santa Anna's flags floating over the enemy
+camp, and heard the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.
+
+It was discovered at about nine o'clock that General Martin Perfecto de
+Cos had crossed Vince's bridge, about eight miles behind the Texans'
+camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling the enemy forces to about
+1265. General Houston ordered "Deaf" Smith and a detail to destroy the
+bridge and prevent further enemy reinforcements.[3] This also would
+prevent the retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward
+Harrisburg. In dry weather Vince's Bayou was about fifty feet wide and
+ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several times
+wider and deeper.
+
+    [Illustration: Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of
+    Texas army and Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry,
+    Artillery and Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna's breastworks.]
+
+Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war with Colonels
+Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels Henry Millard,
+Alexander Somervell and Joseph L. Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two
+of the officers suggested attacking the enemy in his position, while the
+others favored awaiting Santa Anna's attack. Houston withheld his own
+views, but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted it
+to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.
+
+
+                       THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO
+
+General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about 3:30 in the
+afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet; many of the foemen
+were enjoying their customary _siesta_. The Texans' movements were
+screened by the trees and the rising ground, and evidently Santa Anna
+had no lookouts posted.
+
+Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary garb, the
+Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. "Now hold your fire,
+men," he warned in his deep voice, "until you get the order!"
+
+At the command, "Advance," the patriots, 910 strong, moved quickly out
+of the woods and over the rise, deploying.[4] Bearded and ragged from
+forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking band. But their long
+rifles were clean and well oiled. Only one company, Captain William
+Wood's "Kentucky Rifles," originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore
+uniforms.
+
+The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson's regiment in the
+center; Sherman's on the left wing; the artillery, under George W.
+Hockley, on Burleson's right; the infantry, under Henry Millard, on the
+right of the artillery; and the cavalry, led by Lamar, on the extreme
+right.
+
+Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the prairie and
+swale that was No Man's land, the men bending low. A soldier's fife
+piped up with "Will You Come to the Bower,"[5] a popular tune of the
+day. That was the only music of the battle.
+
+As the troops advanced, "Deaf" Smith galloped up and told Houston,
+"Vince's bridge has been cut down." The General announced it to the men.
+Now both armies were cut off from retreat in all directions but one, by
+a roughly circular moat formed by Vince's and Buffalo Bayous to the west
+and north, San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes
+and the bay to the east and southeast.
+
+At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide thongs, were
+wheeled into position and belched their charges of iron slugs into the
+enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led by Sherman's men, sprang
+forward on the run, yelling, "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember Goliad!"
+All together they opened fire, blazing away practically point-blank at
+the surprised and panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the
+breastworks, seized the enemy's artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand
+combat, emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing
+right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores under the
+impact of the savage assault.
+
+General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried to rally the
+swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men became crazed with fright.
+Many threw down their guns and ran; many wailed, "Me no Alamo!" "Me no
+Goliad!" But their pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists
+reloaded and chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing
+them, clubbing them to death.
+
+From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,
+frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the prairie
+and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the Alamo and Goliad
+followed and slew them, or drove them into the waters to drown. Men and
+horses, dead and dying, in the morass in the rear and right of the
+Mexican camp, formed a bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened
+the water. General Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of
+his men was beyond restraint.
+
+    [Illustration: Sam Houston]
+
+    [Illustration: The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San
+    Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.]
+
+Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince's bridge, only to
+find that the bridge was gone. In desperation, some of the flying
+horsemen spurred their mounts down the steep bank; some dismounted and
+plunged into the swollen stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly
+fire into the welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was
+virtually impossible.
+
+
+General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory, his ankle
+shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where he had slept the
+previous night he fainted and slid from his horse into the arms of Major
+Hockley, his chief of staff.
+
+As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented to him
+as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who had surrendered formally
+with about 400 men.
+
+The casualties, according to Houston's official report, numbered 630
+Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner. As against this
+heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or mortally wounded, and
+thirty wounded less seriously. Most of their injuries came from the
+first scattered Mexican volley when the attackers stormed their
+barricade. The Texans captured a large supply of muskets, pistols,
+sabers, mules, horses, provisions, clothing, tents and paraphernalia,
+and $12,000 in silver.
+
+
+                       THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA
+
+Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day General
+Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding territory for him.
+In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester[6] spotted a Mexican slipping
+through the woods toward Vince's Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades
+caught the fugitive trying to hide in the high grass. He wore a common
+soldier's apparel--round jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and
+soldier's shoes.
+
+They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican prisoners
+recognized him and cried, "El Presidente!" Thus his identity was
+betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below the Rio Grande. He was
+brought to General Houston, who lay under the headquarters oak, nursing
+his wounded foot.
+
+The Mexican President pompously announced, "I am General Antonio Lopez
+de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your disposition."
+
+General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly. He sent for
+young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala Jr. to act as
+interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as the excited Texas
+soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence. He pleaded for the
+treatment due a prisoner of war. "You can afford to be generous," he
+whined; "you have captured the Napoleon of the West."
+
+"What claim have you to mercy?" Houston retorted, "when you showed none
+at the Alamo or at Goliad?"
+
+They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala and Almonte as
+interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to write an order commanding
+all Mexican troops to evacuate Texas. Later, treaties were signed at
+Velasco, looking to the adjustment of all differences and the
+recognition of Texas independence.
+
+
+Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute battle which
+established Texas as a free republic and opened the way for the United
+States to extend its boundaries to the Rio Grande on the southwest and
+to the Pacific on the west. Few military engagements in history have
+been more decisive or of more far-reaching ultimate influence than the
+battle of San Jacinto.
+
+    [Illustration: Outline of Texas]
+
+
+
+
+                      Opposing Commanders' Reports
+
+
+It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of San Jacinto
+written by leaders of the opposing Texan and Mexican forces.
+
+General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement to
+President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed his movements
+during the three days preceding the battle, and then said:
+
+"_About nine o'clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy were
+reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of General Cos,
+increasing their effective force to upward of 1500 men, whilst our
+aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At half-past three o'clock
+in the evening, I ordered the officers of the Texian army to parade
+their respective commands, having in the meantime ordered the bridge on
+the only road communicating with the Brazos, distant eight miles from
+the encampment, to be destroyed--thus cutting off all possibility of
+escape. Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious
+for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed only to
+increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened their anxiety
+for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an opportunity of making the
+arrangements preparatory to the attack without exposing our designs to
+the enemy. The first regiment, commanded by Colonel Burleson, was
+assigned to the center. The second regiment, under the command of
+Colonel Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under
+special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General, was
+placed on the right of the first regiment; and four companies of
+infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry Millard, sustained the
+artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61 in number, commanded by
+Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose gallant and daring conduct on the
+previous day had attracted the admiration of his comrades), completed
+our line. Our cavalry was first dispatched to the front of the enemy's
+left, for the purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive
+island of timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,
+and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design of the
+troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the whole advancing
+rapidly in line, and through an open prairie, without any protection
+whatever for our men. The artillery advanced and took station within 200
+yards of the enemy's breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with
+grape and canister._
+
+"_Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced the action upon
+our left wing, the whole line, at the center and on the right, advancing
+in double quick time, rung the war-cry, 'Remember the Alamo!' received
+the enemy's fire, and advanced within point blank shot, before a piece
+was discharged from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until
+they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy's breastwork--the
+right wing of Burleson's and the left of Millard's taking possession of
+the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly charged up within seventy
+yards of the enemy's cannon, when it was taken by our troops. The
+conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close action
+until we were in possession of the enemy's encampment, taking one piece
+of cannon (loaded), four stand of colors, all their camp equipage,
+stores and baggage. Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy
+upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did not cease
+until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned before--Captain
+Karnes, always among the foremost in danger, commanding the pursuers.
+The conflict in the breastwork lasted but a few moments; many of the
+troops encountered hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of
+bayonets on our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs,
+breaking many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past
+four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until twilight. A guard
+was then left in charge of the enemy's encampment, and our army returned
+with our killed and wounded. In the battle, our loss was two killed and
+twenty-three wounded, six of them mortally. The enemy's loss was 630
+killed ... wounded 208 ... prisoners 730...._"
+
+
+                       MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE
+
+General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a brief and
+untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an alibi blaming
+General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had ordered Filisola to join
+him by forced marches, for the attack on Houston's army, and was waiting
+for the reinforcements when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto.
+He continued:
+
+"_At two o'clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had fallen asleep
+in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would moderate so that I might
+begin the march (to find Filisola), when the filibusterers surprised my
+camp with admirable skill. Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and
+finding myself surrounded by those people, threatening me with their
+rifles and overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was
+obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by his
+criminal disobedience._"
+
+This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which Santa Anna
+recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops in the battle until
+"the new recruits threw everything into confusion, breaking their ranks
+and preventing veterans from making use of their arms, whilst the enemy
+was rapidly advancing with loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a
+victory which they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of."
+
+Then, _El Presidente_ went on:
+
+"_All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I found
+myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp ...
+offered me his horse, with the tenderest and most urging expressions
+insisted on my riding off the field.... I remembered that General
+Filisola was only seventeen leagues off, and I took my direction toward
+him, darting through the enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride
+of one league and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the
+bridge over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit._
+
+    [Illustration: ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA]
+
+"_I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded in
+concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night coming on I escaped
+them, and the hope of reaching the army gave me strength. I crossed the
+creek with the water up to my breast and continued my route on foot. I
+found, in a house which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing,
+which enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o'clock a.m., while I
+was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again. Such is the
+history of my capture. On account of my change of apparel they did not
+recognize me, and inquired whether I had seen Santa Anna. To this I
+answered that he had made his escape; and this answer saved me from
+assassination, as I have since been given to understand._"
+
+
+Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna's staff, gave a more detailed and
+more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He told how Santa Anna, his
+staff and most of the men were asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm
+of the Texan advance. Some of the men were out gathering boughs for
+shelter; cavalrymen were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:
+
+"_I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe the
+movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a mere line of
+one rank, and very extended. In their center was the Texas flag; on both
+wings, they had two light cannons, well manned. Their cavalry was
+opposite our front, overlapping our left. In this disposition yelling
+furiously, with a brisk fire of grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced
+resolutely upon our camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General
+Castrillon shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving
+orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down and avoid
+the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency._
+
+"_Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified, and
+sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to force some of
+them to fight, but all efforts were in vain--the evil was beyond remedy;
+they were a bewildered and panic-stricken herd._
+
+"_The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods. Presently
+we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of their clamor.
+Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like upon our deserted
+camp._
+
+"_Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost excitement,
+wringing his hands, and unable to give an order. General Castrillon was
+stretched on the ground, wounded in the leg. Colonel Trevino was killed,
+and Colonel Marcial Aguirre was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy
+reaching the ordnance train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who
+had been detailed to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the
+previous evening._"
+
+In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans wrought the
+worst carnage of the battle.
+
+"_There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been all over with
+us had not Providence placed us in the hands of the noble and generous
+captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great exertion, saved us repeatedly
+from being slaughtered by the drunken and infuriated volunteers._"
+
+    [Illustration: Star]
+
+
+               San Jacinto Museum of History Association
+
+                           BOARD OF TRUSTEES
+
+                    George A. Hill, Jr., _President_
+                      L. W. Kemp, _Vice President_
+                   W. B. Bates, _Secretary-Treasurer_
+                               A. C. Finn
+                          Mrs. Madge W. Hearne
+                      Dorothy W. Estes, _Director_
+
+
+                   San Jacinto State Park Commission
+
+                       J. Perry Moore, _Chairman_
+                                Mary Tod
+                             W. E. Kendall
+
+
+
+
+                          San Jacinto Monument
+
+
+The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the scene of the
+historic conflict between Sam Houston's pioneers and Santa Anna's
+Mexican invaders, was erected as a memorial to the Texas heroes,
+commemorating the Centennial of 1836. Appropriations aggregating
+$1,866,148 were made by the State of Texas and the Federal Government
+for the construction of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto
+State Park. Of this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building
+the monument.
+
+On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle of San
+Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was broken for the
+monument. Among the participants was General Andrew Jackson Houston,
+only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief of the Texas Army at San
+Jacinto. The monument, 570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21,
+1939.
+
+The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn fossilized
+limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County, Texas. The interior
+walls are highly polished. The base of the building is 124 feet square
+and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet square at the base and 30 feet at
+the top.
+
+On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the ground, a
+frieze 178 feet around and 15� feet high shows in relief the history of
+Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans to the present day. This
+was executed by William McVey, Houston sculptor.
+
+On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved inscriptions,
+summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution. Each of these
+eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and the letters in the
+inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by L. W. Kemp with
+collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert Gambrell and other
+historical authorities, they epitomize the whole evolution of Texas
+independence in approximately 600 words.
+
+    [Illustration: San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum]
+
+There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The entrance is
+through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two spacious rooms. The
+south room houses the exhibits relating to the Spanish and Mexican
+period of Texas history, many of them donated by Colonel and Mrs. George
+A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the north room relate to the Anglo-American
+period until the beginning of the War between the States. An entrance
+lobby from the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the
+observation deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery
+for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting the north
+and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic life.
+
+Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument. One,
+in the south room, records the names of the 910 heroes who fought in the
+battle; the other, in the north room, lists the 248 men of Houston's
+army, mostly sick and non-effectives, who were detailed to remain at the
+camp established opposite Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W.
+Kemp. In this booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.
+
+The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed by the
+W. S. Bellows Construction Company of Houston.
+
+Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is financed,
+without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee charged for
+riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by the sale of
+souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association, which operates
+the monument, is a non-profit organization incorporated under the laws
+of Texas, November 7, 1938. Members of the Association's board of
+trustees are nominated by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved
+by the State Board of Control.
+
+
+                       THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH
+
+It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas coast
+during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now known as San Jacinto
+River so choked with water hyacinths (a mauve species of lily that still
+abounds in this region) that they could not pass. They called it the
+"hyacinth stream." From that name evolved "San Jacinto"--Spanish for
+"Saint Hyacinth."
+
+Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave the battlefield
+its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured, while conversing
+with a group of Texan officers inquired concerning the correct name of
+the field. One officer is supposed to have answered "Lynchburg," but
+Wharton suggested "San Jacinto."
+
+The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three miles from
+the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park of 402 acres. It is
+situated near the confluence of San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou--now
+the Houston Ship Channel--not far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural
+beauty. The land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild
+flowers here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor.
+Nowhere else in this section are more luxuriant mossy "beards" to be
+found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.
+
+The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg--known in
+the old days as "Lynch's Ferry"--was one of the early settlements of
+Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along the wide stream and adjacent
+lagoons were once popular as homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou
+from the battleground was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, _ad interim_
+Vice President of the Republic.
+
+Nearby lived David G. Burnet, _ad interim_ President. Later General
+Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from the battlefield. It
+is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister of the Republic of Texas
+to England, had his home at about the site of present Goose Creek, not
+far from Lynchburg.
+
+    [Illustration: Entrance to monument]
+
+
+
+
+                      Texas Revolution Epitomized
+
+
+The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed on the exterior
+of the monument's base in eight panels, is as follows:
+
+  THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN
+  EXTREMELY LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO
+  TAXES OR DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS
+  AND MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN
+  IN 1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO.
+  THEIR UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.
+
+  IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC
+  TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE
+  BATTLE OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2,
+  FOLLOWED: IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS. STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN,
+  "FATHER OF TEXAS", WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834, AND HELD IN MEXICO
+  WITHOUT TRIAL UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED AN ARMY, AND ON
+  NOVEMBER 12, 1835, ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
+
+  THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS
+  AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN
+  SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN
+  GARRISON AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY
+  THE TEXANS, OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED DECEMBER 10, 1835
+  AFTER FIVE DAYS OF FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE BENJAMIN R. MILAM
+  DIED A HERO, AND THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.
+
+  TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.
+  FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES
+  GRANT'S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET
+  TRAVIS AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6,
+  WILLIAM WARD WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14, AMON B. KING'S MEN
+  WERE EXECUTED NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES WALKER FANNIN AND HIS
+  ARMY WERE PUT TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.
+
+  ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL
+  SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK,
+  ATTACKED THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA
+  ANNA. THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY
+  SHERMAN'S REGIMENT, EDWARD BURLESON'S REGIMENT, THE ARTILLERY
+  COMMANDED BY GEORGE W. HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD'S INFANTRY AND THE
+  CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR. SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.
+
+  WITH THE BATTLE CRY, "REMEMBER THE ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!" THE TEXANS
+  CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE, RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES, THEN
+  FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE. THE
+  SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE
+  FOLLOWING DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED
+  "NAPOLEON OF THE WEST," RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS FOE THE MERCY HE HAD
+  DENIED TRAVIS AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.
+
+  CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT SAN
+  JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,
+  ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA, MAINE, MARYLAND,
+  MASSACHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW
+  YORK, NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH
+  CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT, VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA,
+  ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY, MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND
+  SCOTLAND.
+
+  MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES
+  OF THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM MEXICO WON HERE LED TO
+  ANNEXATION AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE
+  UNITED STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA,
+  CALIFORNIA, UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING, KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA.
+  ALMOST ONE-THIRD OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN NATION, NEARLY A
+  MILLION SQUARE MILES OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.
+
+
+
+
+                            Brigham Monument
+
+
+                       DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR
+
+Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal memorial
+on the battlefield was a plain square spire monument of Rutland
+variegated marble, fifteen and one-half feet high, which with the base
+stands seventeen feet. After its dedication it was placed at the grave
+of Benjamin R. Brigham, one of the nine Texans who were killed or
+mortally wounded in the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception,
+were buried on the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.
+Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in 1879
+Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise funds by public
+subscription to erect a joint monument where their bodies lay, the grave
+of Brigham was alone recognizable.
+
+The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies August
+25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General Sam Houston, being the
+orator of the occasion. On April 23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature
+purchased for $1,500, ten acres of land surrounding the monument. This
+was the beginning of the present San Jacinto State Park.
+
+Carved on the east front of the monument is:
+                      "DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR"
+
+Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a wreath of
+oak and laurel leaves.
+
+Beneath the star:
+                            "B. R. BRIGHAM"
+
+On the base:
+                             "SAN JACINTO"
+
+Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are cut two
+stars on each front and one above the band on the east front. These
+represent the nine who fell in the battle.
+
+    [Illustration: Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the
+    nine dead at San Jacinto.]
+
+    [Illustration: Marker at site of Santa Anna's surrender at San
+    Jacinto.]
+
+On the north front, beneath the heading:
+
+                      "TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE"
+
+is recorded the statement of General Houston:
+
+"_This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna. It is the only
+chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have looked for
+reinforcements in vain: We will only have about seven hundred men to
+march with besides the camp guard. We go on to conquer. It is wisdom
+growing out of necessity to meet the enemy now. Every consideration
+enforces it. No previous occasion would justify it. The troops are in
+fine spirits and now is the time for action. We shall use our best
+efforts to fight the enemy to such advantage as will insure victory
+though the odds are greatly against us._
+
+"_I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon His
+providence._
+
+"_My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right for which
+we fight will be secured, and Texas free._"
+
+Below this is inscribed:
+                          "REMEMBER THE ALAMO"
+
+On the south front beneath the heading:
+                       "THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE"
+
+is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:
+
+"_The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced, but, at
+the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence rose in
+Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by the clouds of
+despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and pursued with ardour
+the annals of war; we have contemplated, with the highest emotions of
+sublimity, the loud roaring thunder, the desolating tornado, and the
+withering simoon of the desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired
+us with emotions like those felt on this occasion! There was a general
+cry which pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA BAHIA!
+These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The unerring aim and
+irresistible energy of the Texan army could not be withstood, it was
+freemen fighting against the minions of tyranny and the result proved
+the inequality of such a contest._"
+
+And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston's
+charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:
+                      "WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER"
+
+On the west front:
+
+                 "This monument stands at the grave of
+                         BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM
+                who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836
+
+                              "Nearby rest
+
+                         LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY
+                              JOHN C. HALE
+                             GEORGE A. LAMB
+                         DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY
+                             MATHIAS COOPER
+                          THOMAS PATTON FOWLE
+                           ASHLEY R. STEPHENS
+
+ "Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto
+
+                            "OLWYN J. TRASK
+ died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound
+he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April
+                               20, 1836.
+
+ "This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens
+   of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to
+           perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess"
+
+On the base following this tribute is the war cry,
+                           "REMEMBER GOLIAD"
+
+    [Illustration: MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER
+
+THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE
+
+GENERAL HOUSTON    APRIL 19 1836
+
+OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT
+HERE APRIL 21 1836 OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY]
+
+
+
+
+                           The Roll of Honor
+
+
+One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls of the San
+Jacinto museum records the names of the officers and men of the Texas
+army who fought in the battle on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of
+the previous day. The other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or
+non-effective, who were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.
+
+Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:
+
+  Adams, Thomas Jefferson
+  Aldrich, Collin
+  Alexander, Jerome B.
+  Allen, John Melville
+  Allison, John C.
+  Allison, Moses
+  Alsbury, Horace Arlington
+  Alsbury, Young Perry
+  Anderson, Washington
+  Andrews, Micah
+  Angel, John
+  Anson, Orin D.
+  Armot, W. S.
+  Armstrong, Irwin
+  Arnold, Hayden
+  Arocha, Jose Maria
+  Arocha, Manuel
+  Arreola, Simon
+  Atkinson, Milton B.
+  Avery, Willis
+
+  Bailey, Alexander
+  Bailey, Howard W.
+  Bain, Noel M.
+  Baker, Daniel Davis D.
+  Baker, Joseph
+  Baker, Moseley
+  Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin
+  Balch, John
+  Bancroft, Jethro Russell
+  Banks, Reason
+  Barcinas, Andres
+  Bardwell, Soloman B.
+  Barker, George
+  Barkley, John A.
+  Barr, Robert
+  Barstow, Joshua
+  Bateman, William
+  Barton, Jefferson A.
+  Barton, Wayne
+  Barton, Elder B.
+  Baxter, Montgomery
+  Baylor, Dr. John Walker
+  Bear, Isaac H.
+  Beard, Andrew Jackson
+  Beason, Leander
+  Beauchamp, John
+  Beebe, John N.
+  Begley, John
+  Belden, John
+  Belknap, Thomas
+  Bell, James Madison
+  Bell, Peter Hansbrough
+  Bell, Thomas Henry
+  Bennett, Joseph L.
+  Bennett, W. B.
+  Bennett, William
+  Benson, Ellis
+  Benton, Alfred
+  Benton, Daniel
+  Bernardi, Prospero
+  Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick
+  Berry, Andrew Jackson
+  Berryhill, William M.
+  Billingsley, Jesse
+  Bingham, Mathias A.
+  Bird, James
+  Birt, Samuel Pearce
+  Bissett, Robert B.
+  Blackwell, Thomas
+  Blakey, Lemuel Stockton
+  Bledsoe, George L.
+  Blue, Uriah
+  Bollinger, Ephriam
+  Bollinger, Peter
+  Bond, Henry
+  Booker, Dr. Shields
+  Boom, Garret E.
+  Borden, John Pettit
+  Borden, Paschal Pavolo
+  Bostick, Sion Record
+  Bottsford, Seymour
+  Bowen, William Robert
+  Box, James Edward
+  Box, John Andrew
+  Box, Nelson
+  Box, Thomas Griffin
+  Boyd, James C.
+  Boyle, William
+  Bradley, Isaac B.
+  Bradley, James
+  Brake, Michael J.
+  Branch, Edward Thomas
+  Breeding, Fidelie S.
+  Breedlove, A. W.
+  Brenan, William
+  Brewer, Henry Mitchell
+  Brewster, Henry Percy
+  Brigham, Benjamin Rice
+  Brigham, Moses W.
+  Briscoe, Andrew
+  Brookfield, Francis E.
+  Brooks, Thomas D.
+  Brown, David
+  Brown, George J.
+  Brown, Oliver T.
+  Brown, Wilson C.
+  Browning, George Washington
+  Bruff, Christopher Columbus
+  Bryan, Luke O.
+  Bryan, Moses Austin
+  Bryant, Benjamin Franklin
+  Buffington, Anderson
+  Buford, Thomas Young
+  Bullock, David M.
+  Bunton, John Wheeler
+  Burleson, Aaron
+  Burleson, Edward
+  Burnam, John Hickerson
+  Burnam, William Owen
+  Burton, Isaac Watts
+  Bust, Luke W.
+  Butts, Augustus J.
+
+  Caddell, Andrew
+  Cage, Benjamin Franklin
+  Calder, Robert James
+  Caldwell, Pinckney
+  Callicoatte, John B.
+  Callihan, Thomas Jefferson
+  Campbell, Joseph
+  Campbell, Michael
+  Cannan, William Jarvis
+  Carmona, Ceasario
+  Carnal, Patrick
+  Carpenter, John W.
+  Carper, Dr. William M.
+  Carr, John
+  Carter, Robert W. P.
+  Cartwright, Matthew Winston
+  Cartwright, William P.
+  Caruthers, Allen
+  Casillas, Gabriel
+  Cassidy, John W.
+  Chadduck, Richard H.
+  Chaffin, James A.
+  Chapman, Henry S.
+  Chavenoe, Michael
+  Cheairs, John F.
+  Cheevers, John
+  Chenoweth, John
+  Chiles, Lewis L.
+  Choate, David, Jr.
+  Christie, John
+  Clapp, Elisha
+  Clark, James
+  Clark, John
+  Clark, William
+  Clarke, Charles A.
+  Clarkson, Charles
+  Clayton, Joseph Alvey
+  Clelens, Josh
+  Clemmons, Lewis Chapman
+  Clemmons, William H.
+  Cleveland, Horatio N.
+  Clopper, ----
+  Coble, Adam
+  Cochran, Jeremiah D.
+  Coffman, Elkin G.
+  Coker, John
+  Cole, Benjamin L.
+  Cole, David
+  Coleman, Robert M.
+  Collard, Job Starks
+  Collins, Willis
+  Collinsworth, James
+  Colton, William
+  Conlee, Preston
+  Conn, James
+  Connell, Sampson
+  Connor, James
+  Cook, James R.
+  Cooke, Francis Jarvis
+  Cooke, Thomas
+  Cooke, William Gordon
+  Cooper, Mathias
+  Corry, Thomas F.
+  Corzine, Hershel
+  Cox, Lewis
+  Cox, Thomas
+  Craddock, John Robert
+  Craft, James A.
+  Craft, Russell B.
+  Craig, Henry R.
+  Crain, Joel Burditt
+  Crain, Roden Taylor
+  Cravens, Robert M.
+  Crawford, Robert
+  Criswell, William Vanoy
+  Crittenden, Robert
+  Crittenden, William
+  Crosby, Ganey
+  Crunk, Nicholas S.
+  Cruz, Antonio
+  Cumba, James
+  Cumberland, George
+  Cunningham, Leander Calvin
+  Curbiere, Antonio
+  Curbiere, Matias
+  Curtis, Hinton
+  Curtis, James, Sr.
+
+  Dale, Elijah Valentine
+  Dallas, Walter Riddle
+  Dalrymple, John
+  Darling, Socrates
+  Darr, George
+  Darst, Edmund Calloway
+  Darst, Richard Brownfield
+  Davey, Thomas P.
+  Davidson, John F.
+  Davis, Abner C.
+  Davis, George Washington
+  Davis, James P.
+  Davis, Jesse Kencheloe
+  Davis, Moses H.
+  Davis, Samuel
+  Davis, Travis
+  Davis, Washington H.
+  Dawson, Nicholas Mosby
+  Day, William
+  Deadrick, David
+  Deadrick, Fielding
+  Deadrick, George M.
+  Denham, M. H.
+  Denman, Colden
+  Dennis, Thomas Mason
+  De Vore, Cornelius
+  DeWitt, James C.
+  Dibble, Henry
+  Dillard, Abraham
+  Dixon, James W.
+  Doan, Joseph
+  Doolittle, Berry
+  Doubt, Daniel L.
+  Douthet, James
+  Dubromer, Dr. Tobias
+  Duffee, William
+  Dunbar, William
+  Duncan, John
+  Dunham, Daniel T.
+  Dunn, Matthew
+  Durham, William Daniel
+  Dutcher, Alfred
+
+  Earl, William
+  Eastland, William Mosby
+  Edgar, Joseph Smith
+  Edingburg, Christopher Columbus
+  Edson, Amos B.
+  Edwards, Isiah
+  Edwards, Tilford C.
+  Egbert, James D.
+  Eggleston, Horace
+  Ehlinger, Joseph
+  Eldridge, James J.
+  Ellinger, Joseph
+  Elliot, James D.
+  Elliot, Peter S.
+  Ellis, Willis L.
+  Enriquez, Lucio
+  Erath, George Bernhard
+  Evetts, James H.
+  Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray
+  Eyler, Jacob
+
+  Faris, Hezekiah
+  Farley, Thomas M.
+  Farmer, James
+  Farrish, Oscar
+  Farwell, Joseph
+  Fennell, George
+  Ferrell, John P.
+  Ferrill, William L.
+  Fields, Henry
+  Finch, Matthew
+  Fisher, William
+  Fisher, William S.
+  Fitch, Benjamin Franklin
+  Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.
+  Flick, John
+  Flores, Manuel
+  Flores, Martin
+  Flores, Nepomuceno
+  Floyd, Joseph
+  Flynn, Thomas
+  Foard, Charles A.
+  Fogle, Andrew
+  Foley, Steven Tucker
+  Forbes, George Washington
+  Forbes, John
+  Ford, Simon Peter
+  Forrester, Charles
+  Foster, Anthony
+  Foster, John Ray
+  Fowle, Thomas Patton
+  Fowler, Styles J.
+  Fowler, Thomas M.
+  Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell
+  Frazer, Hugh
+  Freele, James
+  Fry, Benjamin Franklin
+  Fullerton, William
+
+  Gafford, John
+  Gage, Calvin
+  Gainer, John N.
+  Gallaher, Edward
+  Gallatin, Albert
+  Gammell, William
+  Gant, William W.
+  Gardner, George Washington
+  Garner, John
+  Garwood, S. Joseph
+  Gay, Thomas
+  Gedry, Lefroy
+  Gentry, Frederick Browder
+  Giddings, Giles Albert
+  Gilbert, John Floyd
+  Gill, John Porter
+  Gill, William
+  Gillaspie, James
+  Gillespie, Luke John
+  Glidwell, Abner
+  Goheen, Michael R.
+  Goodloe, Robert Kemp
+  Goodwin, Lewis
+  Graham, John
+  Graves, Alexander S.
+  Graves, Thomas A.
+  Gray, James
+  Gray, Mayberry B.
+  Green, B.
+  Green, George
+  Green, James
+  Green, Thomas
+  Greenlaw, Augus
+  Greenwood, James
+  Greer, Thomas N. B.
+  Grice, James B.
+  Grieves, David
+  Griffin, William
+  Grigsby, Crawford
+  Gross, Jacob
+  Gustine, Dr. Lemuel
+
+  Halderman, Jesse
+  Hale, John C.
+  Hale, William
+  Hall, James S.
+  Hall, John
+  Hallet, John, Jr.
+  Hallmark, William Calvert
+  Halstead, E. B.
+  Hamilton, Elias E.
+  Hancock, George Duncan
+  Handy, Robert Eden
+  Hanson, Thomas
+  Hardaway, Samuel G.
+  Hardeman, Thomas Monroe
+  Hardin, Benjamin Franklin
+  Harmon, Clark M.
+  Harmon, John A.
+  Harness, William
+  Harper, Benjamin J.
+  Harper, John
+  Harper, Peter
+  Harris, Andrew Jackson
+  Harris, James
+  Harris, Temple Overton
+  Harrison, A. L.
+  Harrison, Elzy
+  Harvey, David
+  Harvey, John
+  Haskins, Thomas A.
+  Hassell, John W.
+  Hawkins, William J.
+  Hawkins, William Washington
+  Hayr, James
+  Hays, William C.
+  Hazen, Nathaniel C.
+  Heard, William Jones Elliot
+  Heck, Charles F.
+  Henderson, Francis K.
+  Henderson, Hugh
+  Henderson, Robert
+  Henderstrom, Augustus
+  Henry, Charles M.
+  Henry, Robert
+  Herrera, Pedro
+  Herron, John Harvey
+  Hickox, Franklin B.
+  Higsmith, Ahijah M.
+  Hill, Abraham Webb
+  Hill, H.
+  Hill, Isaac Lafayette
+  Hill, James Monroe
+  Hobson, John
+  Hockley, George Washington
+  Hogan, Josiah
+  Hogan, Thomas
+  Holder, Prior A.
+  Holman, Sanford
+  Holmes, Peter W.
+  Homan, Harvey
+  Hood, Robert
+  Hope, Prosper
+  Hopson, Lucien
+  Horton, Alexander
+  Hotchkiss, Rinaldo
+  Houston, Samuel
+  Howard, William C.
+  Howell, Robert F.
+  Hueser, John A.
+  Hughes, Thomas M.
+  Hunt, John Campbell
+  Hyland, Joseph
+
+  Ijams, Basil G.
+  Ingram, Allen
+  Ingram, John
+  Irvine, James Thomas Patton
+  Irvine, Josephus Somerville
+  Isbell, James H.
+  Isbell, William
+
+  Jack, William Houston
+  Jackson, W. R.
+  James, Denward
+  Jaques, Isaac L.
+  Jennings, James D.
+  Jett, James Matthew
+  Jett, Stephen
+  Johnson, Benjamin
+  Johnson, George
+  Johnson, George J.
+  Johnson, James
+  Johnson, John R.
+  Johnson, John R.
+  Johnston, Thomas F.
+  Jones, Allen B.
+  Jones, Dr. Anson
+  Jones, David J.
+  Jones, Edward S.
+  Jones, George Washington
+  Jordan, Alfred S.
+  Joslin, James
+
+  Karner, John
+  Karnes, Henry Wax
+  Kelly, Connell O'Donnell
+  Kelso, Alfred
+  Kenkennon, William P.
+  Kennard, William Stephens
+  Kent, Joseph
+  Kenyon, Amos D.
+  Kibbe, William
+  Kimbro, William
+  Kincheloe, Daniel R.
+  King, W.
+  Kleburg, Robert Justus
+  Kornegay, David Smith
+  Kraatz, Lewis
+  Kuykendall, Matthew
+
+  Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp's
+  Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte
+  Lamar, Shelly W.
+  Lamb, George A.
+  Lambert, Walter
+  Lane, Walter Paye
+  Lang, George Washington
+  Lapham, Moses
+  Larbarthrier, Charles
+  Larrison, Allen
+  Lasater, Francis B.
+  Lawrence, George Washington
+  Lawrence, Joseph
+  Lealand, James
+  Leek, George W.
+  Leeper, Samuel
+  Legg, Seneca
+  Legrand, Edward Oswald
+  Lemsky, Frederick
+  Lessassier, Alexander
+  Lester, James Seaton
+  Leuders, Ferdinand
+  Lewellyn, John
+  Lewis, Abraham
+  Lewis, Archibald S.
+  Lewis, Edward
+  Lewis, John Edward
+  Lightfoot, William W.
+  Lightfoot, Wilson T.
+  Lind, John F.
+  Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.
+  Loderback, John D.
+  Logan, William M.
+  Lolison, Abiah
+  Lonis, George Washington
+  Loughridge, William Wallace
+  Love, David Hall
+  Love, Robert S.
+  Lowary, John L.
+  Lupton, Cyrus W.
+  Lyford, John
+  Lynch, Nicholas
+
+  Magill, William Harrison
+  Maiden, Isaac
+  Maldonado, Juan
+  Malone, Charles
+  Mancha, Jose Maria
+  Manning, James M.
+  Manuel, Albert C.
+  Marner, John
+  Marre, Achelle
+  Marsh, Alonzo
+  Marshall, John Ligett
+  Martin, Joseph
+  Martin, Philip
+  Mason, Charles
+  Mason, George W.
+  Massey, William
+  Maxwell, Pierre Menard
+  Maxwell, Thomas
+  Maybee, Jacob
+  Mays, Ambrose
+  Mays, Thomas H.
+  McAllister, Joseph
+  McClelland, Samuel
+  McCloskey, Robert D.
+  McCorlay, Placide B.
+  McCormick, Joseph Manton
+  McCoy, John
+  McCoy, William
+  McCrabb, John
+  McCrabb, Joseph
+  McCullough, Benjamin
+  McFadin, David Hutcheson
+  McFarlane, John W. B.
+  McGary, Daniel H.
+  McGary, Isaac
+  McGay, Thomas
+  McGown, Andrew Jackson
+  McHorse, John W.
+  McIntire, Thomas H.
+  McIntire, William
+  McKay, Daniel
+  McKenzie, Hugh
+  McKinza, Alexander
+  McKneely, Samuel M.
+  McLaughlin, Robert
+  McLaughlin, Stephen
+  McLean, McDougald
+  McMillan, Edward
+  McNeel, Pleasant D.
+  McNelly, Bennett
+  McStea, Andrew M.
+  Menchaca, Jose Antonio
+  Menefee, John Sutherland
+  Mercer, Eli
+  Mercer, Elijah G.
+  Mercer, George Richie
+  Merritt, Robert
+  Merwin, Joseph W.
+  Miles, Alfred H.
+  Miles, Edward
+  Millard, Henry
+  Millen, William A.
+  Miller, Daniel
+  Miller, Hugh
+  Miller, Joseph
+  Miller, William H.
+  Millerman, Ira
+  Millett, Samuel
+  Mills, Andrew Granville
+  Mims, Benjamin Franklin
+  Minnitt, Joshua.
+  Mitchell, Alexander S.
+  Mitchell, James
+  Mitchell, Nathen
+  Mitchell, S. B.
+  Mixon, Noel
+  Mock, William N.
+  Molino, Jose
+  Money, John Hamilton
+  Montgomery, Andrew M.
+  Montgomery, John
+  Montgomery, Robert W.
+  Moore, Robert
+  Moore, Robert D.
+  Moore, Samuel
+  Moore, William P.
+  Mordorff, Henry
+  Moreland, Isaac N.
+  Morgan, Hugh
+  Morris, Jonathan D.
+  Morton, John
+  Mosier, Adam
+  Moss, John
+  Moss, Matthew Mark
+  Mottley, Dr. Junius William
+  Murphree, David
+  Murphy, Daniel
+  Murray, William
+  Myrick, Eliakin P.
+
+  Nabers, Robert
+  Nabers, William
+  Nash, James H.
+  Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno
+  Neal, John C.
+  Nealis, Francis
+  Neill, James Clinton
+  Nelson, David S.
+  Nelson, James
+  Newman, William P.
+  Noland, Eli
+
+  O'Banion, Jennings
+  O'Connor, Patrick B.
+  O'Connor, Thomas
+  Odem, David
+  O'Driscoll, Daniel
+  O'Neil, John
+  Orr, Thomas
+  Osborne, Benjamin S.
+  Ownsby, James P.
+
+  Pace, Dempsey Council
+  Pace, James Robert
+  Pace, Wesley Walker
+  Pace, William Carroll
+  Park, Joseph Belton
+  Park, William A.
+  Parker, Dickerson
+  Parrott, C. W.
+  Paschall, Samuel
+  Pate, William H.
+  Patterson, James S.
+  Patton, St. Clair
+  Patton, William
+  Patton, William Hester
+  Pearce, Edward
+  Pearce, William J. C.
+  Peck, Nathaniel
+  Peck, Nicholas
+  Peebles, Samuel W.
+  Pena, Jacinto
+  Penticost, George Washington
+  Perry, Daniel
+  Perry, James Hazard
+  Peterson, John
+  Peterson, William
+  Pettus, Edward Cratic
+  Pettus, John Freeman
+  Petty, George Washington
+  Peveto, Michael, Jr.
+  Phelps, James A. E.
+  Phillips, Eli
+  Phillips, Samuel
+  Phillips, Sydney
+  Pickering, John
+  Pinchback, James R.
+  Plaster, Thomas Pliney
+  Pleasants, John
+  Plunkett, John
+  Poe, George Washington
+  Powell, James
+  Pratt, Thomas A. S.
+  Proctor, Joseph W.
+  Pruitt, Levi
+  Pruitt, Martin
+  Putnam, Mitchell
+
+  Rainey, Clement
+  Rainwater, Edwin R.
+  Ramey, Lawrence
+  Ramirez, Eduardo
+  Raymond, Samuel B.
+  Reaves, Dimer W.
+  Rector, Claiborne
+  Rector, Elbridge Gerry
+  Rector, Pendleton
+  Redd, William Davis
+  Reed, Henry
+  Reed, Nathaniel
+  Reel, Robert J. W.
+  Reese, Charles Keller
+  Reese, Washington Perry
+  Rheinhart, Asa
+  Rhodes, Joseph
+  Rial, John W.
+  Richardson, Daniel
+  Richardson, John
+  Richardson, Lewis
+  Richardson, William
+  Ripley, Phineas
+  Robbins, John
+  Robbins, Thomas
+  Roberts, David
+  Roberts, Zion
+  Robinson, George Washington
+  Robinson, James W.
+  Robinson, Jesse
+  Robinson, Thomas Jefferson
+  Robinson, William
+  Robison, Joel Walter
+  Rockwell, Chester B.
+  Rodriquez, Ambrosio
+  Roeder, Louis Von
+  Roman, Richard
+  Rounds, Lyman Frank
+  Rowe, James
+  Ruddell, John
+  Rudder, Nathaniel
+  Rusk, David
+  Rusk, Thomas Jefferson
+  Russell, Robert Benedict
+  Ryans, Thomas
+
+  Sadler, John
+  Sadler, William Turner
+  Sanders, John
+  Sanders, Uriah
+  Sanett, D. Andrew
+  Sayers, John
+  Scallorn, John Wesley
+  Scarborough, Paul
+  Scates, William Bennett
+  Scott, David
+  Scott, William P.
+  Scurry, Richardson A.
+  Seaton, George Washington
+  Secrest, Fielding Grundy
+  Secrest, Washington Hampton
+  Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno
+  Self, George
+  Sergent, W.
+  Sevey, Manasseh
+  Sevey, Ralph E.
+  Shain, Charles B.
+  Sharp, John
+  Shaw, James
+  Sherman, Sidney
+  Shesten, Henry
+  Shreve, John Milton
+  Shupe, Samuel
+  Sigmon, Abel
+  Simmons, William
+  Slack, Joseph H.
+  Slayton, John
+  Smith, Benjamin Fort
+  Smith, Erastus
+  Smith, George
+  Smith, James Monroe
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John
+  Smith, John N. O.
+  Smith, Leander
+  Smith, Maxlin
+  Smith, Robert W.
+  Smith, William
+  Smith, William C.
+  Smith, William H.
+  Smith, William M.
+  Snell, Martin Kingsley
+  Snyder, Asberry McKendree
+  Somervell, Alexander
+  Sovereign, Joseph
+  Sparks, Stephen Franklin
+  Spicer, Joseph A.
+  Spillman, James H.
+  Stancell, John F.
+  Standifer, Jacob Littleton
+  Standifer, William Bailey
+  Stibbins, Charles C.
+  Steel, Maxwell
+  Steele, Alfonso
+  Stephens, Ashley R.
+  Stephenson, John Allen
+  Stevenson, R.
+  Stevenson, Robert
+  Stewart, Charles
+  Stewart, James
+  Stilwell, William S.
+  Stouffer, Henry S.
+  Stout, William B.
+  Stroh, Phillip
+  Stroud, John W.
+  Stump, John S.
+  Sullivan, Dennis
+  Summers, William W.
+  Sutherland, George
+  Swain, William L.
+  Swearingen, Valentine Wesley
+  Swearingen, William C.
+  Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson
+  Sweeny, William Burrell
+  Swift, Hugh Montgomery
+  Swisher, Henry H.
+  Swisher, John Milton
+  Sylvester, James Austin
+
+  Tanner, Edward M.
+  Tarin, Manuel
+  Tarlton, James
+  Taylor, Abraham R.
+  Taylor, Campbell
+  Taylor, Edward W.
+  Taylor, John B.
+  Taylor, John N.
+  Taylor, Thomas
+  Taylor, William S.
+  Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.
+  Thomas, Algernon P.
+  Thompson, Charles P.
+  Thompson, Cyrus W.
+  Thompson, James B.
+  Thompson, Jesse G.
+  Threadgill, Joshua
+  Tierwester, Henry H.
+  Tindale, Daniel
+  Tindall, William Pike
+  Tinsley, James W.
+  Tom, John Files
+  Townsend, Spencer Burton
+  Townsend, Stephen
+  Trask, Olwyn J.
+  Trenary, John B.
+  Tumlinson, John James
+  Turnage, Shelby C.
+  Turner, Amasa
+  Tyler, Charles C.
+  Tyler, Robert D.
+
+  Usher, Patrick
+  Utley, Thomas C.
+
+  Vandeveer, Logan
+  Van Winkle, John
+  Vermillion, Joseph D.
+  Vinator, James
+  Viven, John
+  Votaw, Elijah
+
+  Wade, John Marshall
+  Waldron, C. W.
+  Walker, James
+  Walker, Martin
+  Walker, Philip
+  Walker, William S.
+  Walling, Jesse
+  Walmsley, James
+  Walnut, Francis
+  Wardziski, Felix
+  Ware, William
+  Waters, George
+  Waters, William
+  Watkins, James E.
+  Watson, Dexter
+  Webb, George
+  Webb, Thomas H.
+  Weedon, George
+  Welch, James
+  Wells, James A.
+  Wells, Lysander
+  Weppler, Phillip
+  Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf
+  Westgate, Ezra C.
+  Wharton, James
+  Wharton, John Austin
+  Wheeler, Samuel L.
+  Whitaker, Madison G.
+  White, John Carey
+  White, Joseph E.
+  White, Levi W.
+  Whitesides, Elisha S.
+  Wilcox, Ozwin
+  Wilder, Joseph
+  Wildy, Samuel
+  Wilkinson, Freeman
+  Wilkinson, James
+  Wilkinson, James G., Jr.
+  Wilkinson, John
+  Wilkinson, Leroy
+  Williams, Charles
+  Williams, Francis F.
+  Williams, Hezekiah Reams
+  Williams, Matthew R.
+  Williams, William F.
+  Williamson, John W.
+  Williamson, Robert McAlpin
+  Willoughby, Leiper
+  Wilmouth, Louis
+  Wilson, James
+  Wilson, Thomas
+  Wilson, Walker
+  Winburn, McHenry
+  Winn, Walter
+  Winters, James Washington
+  Winters, John Frelan
+  Winters, William Carvin
+  Wood, Edward B.
+  Wood, William
+  Woodlief, Deveraux J.
+  Woods, Samuel
+  Woodward, F. Marion
+  Woolsey, Abner W.
+  Wright, George Washington
+  Wright, Rufus
+  Wyly, Alfred Henderson
+
+  Yancy, John
+  Yarborough, Swanson
+  York, James Allison
+  Young, William Foster
+
+  Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.
+  Zumwalt, Andrew
+
+
+Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers and
+men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established
+opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades who
+guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main army.
+
+  Abbott, Calvin P.
+  Abbott, Launcelot
+  Allphin, Ransom
+  Anderson, John D.
+  Anderson, John W.
+  Anderson, Thomas
+  Anderson, Thomas P.
+  Atkinson, John
+
+  Baker, Walter Elias
+  Barker, William
+  Bartlett, Jesse
+  Beams, Obediah P.
+  Belcher, Isham G.
+  Bennett, James
+  Benton, Jesse, Jr.
+  Berry, John Bate
+  Black, Albert
+  Blaylock, James B.
+  Blount, Stephen William
+  Bomar, Dr. William W.
+  Bond, George
+  Bostick, James H.
+  Box, Stilwell
+  Boyce, Jeptha
+  Bracey, McLin
+  Bradley, Daniel
+  Breeding, John
+  Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte
+  Brown, Alexander
+  Brown, Robert
+  Bryody, Patrick
+  Burch, James
+  Burch, Valentine
+  Burditt, Newell W.
+  Burditt, William Buck
+  Burleson, Jonathan
+  Burtrang, Thomas
+
+  Campbell, David Wilson
+  Campbell, Heil Otem
+  Campbell, John
+  Campbell, Rufus Easton
+  Cannon, Thomas
+  Caruthers, Young
+  Casey, George M.
+  Castleman, Jacob
+  Chamberlin, Willard
+  Chance, Joseph Bell
+  Chelaup, James K.
+  Childress, James R.
+  Cockrell, John R.
+  Coe, Philip Haddox
+  Cole, James
+  Collard, James Hillness
+  Collard, Jonathan S.
+  Connell, David C.
+  Conner, Evan
+  Cook, Octavious A.
+  Cottle, Sylvanus
+  Cox, Phillip
+  Crawford, John B.
+  Crier, Andrew
+  Crownover, Arter
+
+  Darst, Emory Holman
+  Davis, John
+  Davis, William Francis H.
+  Dickinson, Edward
+  Douglass, Freeman Walker
+  Douglass, Jonathan
+  Duff, James Carson
+  Dunn, Josiah G.
+
+  Emmons, Calvin Brallery
+  Etheridge, Godfrey
+  Evans, Moses
+
+  Farley, Massillon
+  Farnsworth, Oliver
+  Finley, Benjamin C.
+  Fisk, Greenleaf
+  Fitzgerald, Lankford
+  Francis, Miller
+  Freed, Henry
+  Freeman, Thomas
+
+  Gillett, Samuel S.
+  Goolsey, William G.
+  Gordon, James
+  Gorham, Isaac
+  Gorham, William
+  Granville, Benjamin
+  Gravis, John A. F.
+  Grimes, Frederick Miller
+  Grimes, George W.
+
+  Haggard, Henry H.
+  Hale, Jonas
+  Hallmark, Alfred M.
+  Harbour, John Monroe
+  Harbour, T. J.
+  Hardin, Ennis
+  Harris, Isaac
+  Hatfield, Basil Muse
+  Head, Wiley M.
+  Hensley, John M.
+  Hill, David
+  Hill, William Warner
+  Hinds, James B.
+  Hodge, Archibald
+  Hodge, James
+  Hodge, Robert
+  Hodge, William
+  Holcombe, James J.
+  Hollingsworth, James
+  Hope, Richard
+  Hughes, James
+  Hunter, Robert Hancock
+
+  Jackson, Joseph
+  Johnson, Joseph Ranson
+  Johnson, Nathan B.
+  Jones, Keeton McLemore
+
+  Kemp, Thomas
+  Kennard, William Everett
+  Kenney, William H.
+  Kerr, William P.
+  Kokernot, Daniel L.
+  Kuykendall, Adam
+  Kuykendall, Brazilla
+  Kuykendall, Gibson
+  Kuykendall, H. A.
+  Kuykendall, James Hampton
+  Kuykendall, John
+  Kuykendall, Thornton S.
+
+  Law, Garret
+  Lee, Hiram
+  Lee, Theodore Staunton
+  Lightfoot, Henry L.
+  Litton, Addison
+  Litton, Jesse
+  Litton, John
+  Liverall, A.
+  Lloyd, Peterson
+  Lynch, Joseph Penn
+
+  Manning, James H.
+  Mantin, L.
+  Marshall, Elias J.
+  Marshall, Hugh Lewis
+  Marshall, John, Jr.
+  Marshall, Joseph Taylor
+  Marshall, Samuel B.
+  Mather, Elisha
+  Maurry, James
+  McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey
+  McFaddin, Nathaniel A.
+  McFadin, William M.
+  McFall, Samuel
+  McGown, Samuel
+  McIntire, William
+  McLaughlin, James
+  McLaughlin, William
+  McMaster, William
+  McMillan, Andrew
+  McMillan, James
+  McNutt, Robert
+  Means, William
+  Merritt, Robert
+  Moore, Azariah G.
+  Moore, John D.
+  Moore, Lewis
+  Moore, Morris
+  Morris, Burrel
+  Morris, George
+  Morris, James H.
+  Morris, Spencer
+  Newton, John
+  Norment, Thomas
+
+  Owen, James D.
+
+  Page, Soloman Calvin
+  Parker, Wiley
+  Peebles, Richard Rodgers
+  Pennington, J. M.
+  Perry, Sion W.
+  Perry, William M.
+  Pettus, William
+  Pevehouse, Preston
+  Pier, James B.
+  Pleasants, George Washington
+  Polk, Thomas
+  Polk, William P.
+  Potts, R.
+  Prewitt, Elisha
+  Price, Hardy William Brown
+  Price, Perry
+  Price, Robert
+  Price, William
+
+  Rankin, David
+  Raper, Daniel
+  Reamos, Sherwood Y.
+  Rhodes, John B.
+  Rhorer, Conrad
+  Ricks, George Washington
+  Robbins, Early
+  Roberts, Stephen R.
+  Robertson, Sterling Clack
+  Robinett, Enoch
+  Robinett, James M.
+  Robinson, Benjamin W.
+  Robinson, James
+  Rowlett, Alexander W.
+
+  Scaggs, John H.
+  Scott, Robert
+  Seaton, George Washington
+  Sharp, John
+  Simpson, Jeremiah W.
+  Smith, John G.
+  Smith, William A.
+  Smith, William P.
+  Smith, William W.
+  Snodgrass, J. G.
+  Splane, Peyton R.
+  Splane, Thomas M.
+  Stephens, John
+  Stevenson, Thomas B.
+  Swoap, Benjamin Franklin
+
+  Taylor, Josiah
+  Teal, Henry
+  Thompson, Thomas
+  Tinnett, Robert
+  Tollett, Wesley
+  Tong, John B.
+  Townsend, Moses
+  Townsend, P. John
+  Townsend, Stephen
+  Townsend, William
+
+  Vardeman, Henry W.
+  Varner, Martin
+  Vaughan, Richard
+
+  Walker, John
+  Walker, Josiah
+  Walling, John C.
+  Whitehead, Nicholas
+  Whitlock, Robert
+  Wilburn, Ransom
+  Williams, Edward
+  Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.
+  Williams, Jesse
+  Winnett, Robert
+  Winters, Agabus
+  Wood, William Riley
+  Woods, Joseph H.
+  Wright, Gilbert
+
+  Yarborough, Joseph Randolph
+
+  Zuber, William Physick
+
+
+
+
+                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+
+
+Frontispiece "Battle of San Jacinto" is a photograph of a painting by
+Henry A. McArdle.
+
+Sam Houston's picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching
+made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.
+
+Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the
+inscriptions.
+
+Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype
+in the Museum.
+
+The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender
+marker also are by Paul Peters.
+
+The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of
+a painting by W. H. Huddle.
+
+The map showing the route of Sam Houston's army was drawn by L. W. Kemp.
+Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.
+
+    [Illustration: Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield
+    in memory of the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San
+    Jacinto.
+
+The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet in
+circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters of
+the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and was
+dedicated April 21, 1940.]
+
+
+
+
+                               Footnotes
+
+
+[1]This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian
+    John Henry Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he
+    owned which was situated in the present county of Grimes, and known
+    as "Groce's Retreat."
+
+[2]Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the
+    battle said the battle cry was "Remember the Alamo!" "Remember La
+    Bahia!"
+
+[3]With "Deaf" Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young
+    P. Alsbury, John Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R.
+    Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.
+
+[4]In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said
+    783 Texans took part. Yet in a roster published later he listed 845
+    officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight omitted Captain
+    Alfred H. Wyly's Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,
+    Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point.
+    Conclusive evidence in official records brings the total number at
+    San Jacinto up to 910.
+
+[5]Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was "Yankee
+    Doodle."
+
+[6]With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison,
+    Joseph D. Vermillion, Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.
+
+
+
+
+                          Transcriber's Notes
+
+
+--Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
+  is public-domain in the country of publication.
+
+--Silently corrected a few palpable typos.
+
+--In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
+  _underscores_.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+***** This file should be named 57849-8.txt or 57849-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
+be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
+law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
+so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
+States without permission and without paying copyright
+royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
+of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
+and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
+specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
+eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
+for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
+performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
+away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
+not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
+trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
+
+START: FULL LICENSE
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
+Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+
+1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
+destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
+possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
+Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
+by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
+person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
+1.E.8.
+
+1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
+paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
+agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
+Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
+of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
+works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
+States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
+United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
+claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
+displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
+all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
+that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
+free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
+works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
+Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
+comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
+same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
+you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
+in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
+check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
+agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
+distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
+other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
+representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
+country outside the United States.
+
+1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
+immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
+prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
+on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
+performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
+
+  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
+  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
+  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
+  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
+  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
+  are located before using this ebook.
+
+1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
+derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
+contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
+copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
+the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
+redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
+either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
+obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
+additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
+will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
+posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
+beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
+any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
+to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
+other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
+version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
+(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
+to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
+of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
+Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
+full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+provided that
+
+* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
+  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
+  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
+  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
+  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
+  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
+  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
+  Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
+  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
+  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
+  works.
+
+* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
+  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
+  receipt of the work.
+
+* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
+are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
+from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
+Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
+Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
+contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
+or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
+other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
+cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
+with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
+with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
+lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
+or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
+opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
+the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
+without further opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
+OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
+damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
+violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
+agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
+limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
+unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
+remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
+accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
+production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
+including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
+the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
+or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
+additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
+Defect you cause.
+
+Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
+computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
+exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
+from people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
+generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
+Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
+www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
+U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
+mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
+volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
+locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
+Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
+date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
+official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+
+    Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+    Chief Executive and Director
+    gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
+DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
+state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
+donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
+freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
+distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
+volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
+the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
+necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
+edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
+facility: www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
diff --git a/57849-h/57849-h.htm b/57849-h/57849-h.htm
index 8a6f323..238b866 100644
--- a/57849-h/57849-h.htm
+++ b/57849-h/57849-h.htm
@@ -1,2797 +1,2797 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

-<head>

-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />

-<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />

-<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />

-<title>The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign, by L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman: a Project Gutenberg eBook</title>

-<meta name="author" content="L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman" />

-<meta name="pss.pubdate" content="1947" />

-<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />

-<link rel="spine" href="images/spine.jpg" />

-<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/" />

-<meta name="DC.Title" content="The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign" />

-<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />

-<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />

-<meta name="DC.Created" content="1947" />

-<meta name="DC.Creator" content="L. W. Kemp (****-****)" />

-<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Ed Kilman (****-****)" />

-<style type="text/css">

-large { font-size:125%; }

-sc    { font-variant:small-caps; font-style: normal; }

-

-/* == GLOBAL MARKUP == */

-body, table.twocol tr td  { margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; }   /* BODY */

-.box     { border-style:double; margin-bottom:2em; max-width:30em; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-top:2em; }

-.box p   { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; }

-.box dl  { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; }

-h1, h2, h3, h5, h6, .titlepg p { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; }   /* HEADINGS */

-h2                { margin-top:1.5em; margin-bottom:1em; }

-h1                { margin-top:3em; }

-div.box h1        { margin-top:1em; }

-h3                { margin-top:2.5em; font-size:80%; }

-h4, h5            { font-size:100%; text-align:center; clear:right; }

-h6                { font-size:100%; }

-h6.var            { font-size:80%; font-style:normal; }

-.titlepg          { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border-style:double; clear:both; }

-span.chaptertitle { font-style:normal; display:block; text-align:center; font-size:150%; text-indent:0; }

-.tblttl           { text-align:center; text-indent:0;}

-.tblsttl          { text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; }

-

-pre sub.ms { width:4em; letter-spacing:1em; }

-table.fmla { text-align:center; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; }

-table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; }

-td.cola           { text-align:left; vertical-align:100%; }

-td.colb           { text-align:justify; }

-

-p, blockquote, div.p, div.bq { text-align:justify; }                              /* PARAGRAPHS */

-div.p, div.bq   { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; }

-blockquote, .bq { margin-left:1em; margin-right:0em; }

-.verse    { font-size:100%; }

-p.indent  {text-indent:2em; text-align:left; }

-p.tb, p.tbcenter, verse.tb, blockquote.tb      { margin-top:2em; }

-

-span.pb, div.pb, dt.pb, p.pb                   /* PAGE BREAKS */

-{ text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:0em; clear:right; }

-div.pb { display:inline; }

-.pb, dt.pb, dl.toc dt.pb, dl.tocl dt.pb, dl.undent dt.pb, dl.index dt.pb    { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left: 1.5em;

-         margin-top:.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; display:inline; text-indent:0;

-         font-size:80%; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;

-         color:gray; border:1px solid gray;padding:1px 3px; }

-div.index .pb  { display:block; }

-.bq  div.pb, .bq span.pb  { font-size:90%; margin-right:2em; }

-

-div.img, body a img  {text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em; clear:right; }

-

-sup, a.fn { font-size:75%; vertical-align:100%; line-height:50%; font-weight:normal; }

-h3   a.fn { font-size:65%; }

-sub { font-size:75%; }

-.center, .tbcenter       { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; }                  /* TEXTUAL MARKUP */

-span.center              { display:block; }

-table.center { clear:both; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; }

-table.center tr td.l  {text-align:left; margin-left:0em; }

-table.center tr td.j  {text-align:justify; }

-table.center tr td.ltab { text-align:left; width:2em; }

-table.center tr td.t  {text-align:left; text-indent:1em; }

-table.center tr td.t2 {text-align:left; text-indent:2em; }

-table.center tr td.r  {text-align:right; }

-table.center tr th    {vertical-align:bottom; }

-table.center tr td    {vertical-align:top; }

-table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; }

-

-p           { clear:left; }

-.small, .lsmall      { font-size:90%; }

-.smaller    { font-size:80%; }

-.smallest   { font-size:67%; }

-.larger     { font-size:150%; }

-.large      { font-size:125%; }

-.xlarge     { font-size:200%; line-height:60%; }

-.xxlarge    { font-size:200%; line-height:60%; }

-.gs         { letter-spacing:1em; }

-.gs3        { letter-spacing:2em; }

-.gslarge    { letter-spacing:.3em; font-size:110%; }

-.sc         { font-variant:small-caps; font-style:normal; }

-.unbold     { font-weight:normal; }

-.xo         { position:relative; left:-.3em; }

-.over, over { text-decoration: overline; display:inline; }

-hr          { width:20%; }

-hr.dwide    { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; width:90%; }

-.jl         { text-align:left; }

-.jr         { text-align:right; min-width:2em; display:inline-block; float:right; }

-.jr1        { text-align:right; margin-right:2em; }

-h1 .jr      { margin-right:.5em; }

-.ind1       { text-align:left;  margin-left:2em; }

-.u          { text-decoration:underline; }

-.hst        { margin-left:2em; }

-.rubric     { color:red; }

-.cnwhite    { color:white; background-color:black; min-width:2em; display:inline-block;

-              text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-family:sans-serif; }

-.cwhite     { color:white; background-color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;

-              font-family:sans-serif; }

-ul  li      { text-align:justify; }

-u.dbl       { text-decoration:underline; }

-.ss         { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; }

-p.revint    { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }

-

-dd.t           { text-align:left; margin-left: 5.5em; }

-dl.toc         { clear:both; margin-top:1em; }                    /* CONTENTS (.TOC) */

-.toc  dt.center    { text-align:center; clear:both; margin-top:3em; margin-bottom:1em; text-indent:0;}

-.toc  dt      { text-align:right; clear:left; }

-.toc  dd      { text-align:right; clear:both; }

-.toc  dd.ddt  { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:4em; }

-.toc  dd.ddt2 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:5em; }

-.toc  dd.ddt3 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:6em; }

-.toc  dd.ddt4 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:7em; }

-.toc  dd.ddt5 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:8em; }

-.toc  dd.note { text-align:justify; clear:both; margin-left:5em; text-indent:-1em; margin-right:3em; }

-.toc  dt .xxxtest {width:17em; display:block; position:relative; left:4em; }

-.toc  dt  a,

-.toc  dd  a,

-.toc dt span.left,

-.toc dt span.lsmall,

-.toc dd span.left { text-align:left; clear:right; float:left; }

-.toc  dt  a  span.cn { width:4em; text-align:right; margin-right:.7em;  float:left; }

-.toc  dt.sc   { text-align:right;  clear:both; }

-.toc  dt.scl  { text-align:left;   clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; }

-.toc  dt.sct  { text-align:right;  clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; margin-left:1em; }

-.toc  dt.jl   { text-align:left;   clear:both; font-variant:normal; }

-.toc  dt.scc  { text-align:center; clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; }

-.toc  dt span.lj { text-align:left; display:block; float:left; }

-.toc  dd.center { text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-dd.tocsummary {text-align:justify; margin-right:2em; margin-left:2em; }

-dd.center sc  {display:block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-/* BOX CELL */

-td.top { border-top:1px    solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; }

-td.bot { border-bottom:1px solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; }

-td.rb  { border:1px solid; border-left:none;  width:.5em; height:.8em;  }

-td.lb  { border:1px solid; border-right:none; width:.5em; height:.8em;  }

-

-/* INDEX (.INDEX) */

-dl.index   { clear:both; }

-.index dt  { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }

-.index dd  { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }

-.index dd.t  { margin-left:6em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }

-.index dt.center {text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-

-.ab, .ab1, .ab2 {

-font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none;

-border-style:solid; border-color:gray; border-width:1px;

-margin-right:0px; margin-top:5px; display:inline-block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-.ab { width:1em; }

-.ab2 { width:1.5em; }

-a.gloss { background-color:#f2f2f2; border-bottom-style:dotted; text-decoration:none; border-color:#c0c0c0; color:inherit; }

-                                                           /* FOOTNOTE BLOCKS */

-div.notes p  { margin-left:1em; text-indent:-1em; text-align:justify; }

-

-dl.undent dd   { margin-left:3em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; }

-dl.undent dt   { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; }

-dl.undent dd.t { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; }

-                                                           /* POETRY LINE NUMBER */

-.lnum   { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left:.5em; display:inline; }

-

-.hymn     { text-align:left; }                                  /*  HYMN AND VERSE: HTML  */

-.verse    { text-align:left; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; }

-.versetb  { text-align:left; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; }

-.originc  { text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-.subttl   { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; }

-.srcttl   { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; font-weight:bold; }

-p.lc      { text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; }

-p.t0, p.l { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.lb                 { margin-left:4em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.tw, div.tw, .tw    { margin-left:1em;  text-indent:-1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t,  div.t,  .t     { margin-left:5em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t2,  div.t2,  .t2  { margin-left:6em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t3,  div.t3,  .t3  { margin-left:7em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t4,  div.t4,  .t4  { margin-left:8em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t5,  div.t5,  .t5  { margin-left:9em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t6,  div.t6,  .t6  { margin-left:10em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t7,  div.t7,  .t7  { margin-left:11em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t8,  div.t8,  .t8  { margin-left:12em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t9,  div.t9,  .t9  { margin-left:13em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t10, div.t10,.t10  { margin-left:14em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t11, div.t11,.t11  { margin-left:15em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t12, div.t12,.t12  { margin-left:16em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t13, div.t13,.t13  { margin-left:17em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t14, div.t14,.t14  { margin-left:18em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.t15, div.t15,.t15  { margin-left:19em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }

-p.lr, div.lr, span.lr { display:block; margin-left:0em; margin-right:1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:right; }

-dt.lr                { width:100%; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:1em; text-align:right; }

-dl dt.lr a           { text-align:left; clear:left; float:left; }

-

-.fnblock   { margin-top:2em; }

-.fndef, p.fn     { text-align:justify; margin-top:1.5em; margin-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; }

-.fndef p.fncont, .fndef dl { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em; }

-.fnblock dl  { margin-top:0; margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; }

-.fnblock dt  { text-align:justify; }

-dl.catalog dd { font-style:italic; }

-dl.catalog dt { margin-top:1em; }

-.author { text-align:right; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; display:block; }

-

-dl.biblio  dt        { margin-top:.6em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; }

-dl.biblio  dt  div   { display:block; float:left; margin-left:-6em; width:6em; clear:both; }

-dl.biblio  dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }

-dl.biblio  dd        { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; }

-p.biblio             { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }

-.clear     { clear:both; }

-p.book     { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }

-p.review   { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; }

-p.pcap     { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; font-family:sans-serif; }

-p.pcapc    { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em; text-align:center; font-family:sans-serif; }

-span.pn    { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style>

-</head>

-<body>

-

-

-<pre>

-

-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign

-

-Author: Edward Wolf Kilman

-        Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: UTF-8

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-

-

-

-

-

-</pre>

-

-<div id="cover" class="img">

-<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign" width="500" height="755" />

-</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig1">

-<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="448" />

-<p class="pcap">THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO</p>

-</div>

-<div class="box">

-<h1>THE BATTLE OF

-<br />SAN JACINTO

-<br /><span class="smallest"><i>and the</i></span>

-<br /><span class="smaller">SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN</span></h1>

-<div class="img">

-<img src="images/p01a.jpg" alt="Flags" width="400" height="429" />

-</div>

-<p class="center"><span class="sc">by

-<br />L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman</span></p>

-</div>

-<p class="center smaller">COPYRIGHT, 1947

-<br />by

-<br />L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN

-<br />Second Printing</p>

-<p class="center smaller">Printed in the United States of America

-<br />The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div>

-<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">The Battle of San Jacinto</span>

-<br /><span class="smaller"><i>and the</i></span>

-<br />San Jacinto Campaign</h2>

-<h3 id="c2">FOREWORD</h3>

-<p>San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto,

-one of the world&rsquo;s decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where,

-with cries of &ldquo;Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!&rdquo;

-Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910 pioneers routed Antonio

-Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of Mexico and self-styled

-&ldquo;Napoleon of the West,&rdquo; with his proud army, and

-changed the map of North America!</p>

-<p>Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century

-... a story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim

-hardship, tragedy and romance ... the story of the epochal battle

-that established the independent Lone Star Republic, on April

-21, 1836, and indelibly inscribed the names of Texas patriots on

-history&rsquo;s scroll of American immortals.</p>

-<p>The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes,

-but it was in the making for six years. It had its prelude

-in the oppressive Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further

-emigration of Anglo-Americans from the United States to

-Texas; in the disturbance at Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco,

-in 1832; in the imprisonment of Stephen F. Austin, the

-&ldquo;Father of Texas,&rdquo; in Mexico in 1834.</p>

-<p>Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at

-Gonzales, the capture of Goliad, the &ldquo;Grass Fight,&rdquo; and the siege

-and capture of San Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration

-of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2,

-1836, officially signalized the revolution.</p>

-<h3 id="c3">RETREAT FROM GONZALES</h3>

-<p>Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came

-to the convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel

-William Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio.

-Sam Houston, commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left

-<span class="pb" id="Page_6">6</span>

-Washington post-haste for Gonzales, to take command of the

-troops there and go to the aid of Travis. He arrived there on the

-11th, and at about dark learned from two Mexicans who had just

-arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen and its 183

-brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later by

-Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans

-after seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She

-was trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when

-the Texas army scouts found her.</p>

-<p>The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of

-Gonzales. They were panic-stricken by the general belief that

-Santa Anna next would sweep eastward with his well-trained

-army, in a drive to wipe the rebellious Texans from the face of

-the earth.</p>

-<p>Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas

-history as the &ldquo;Runaway Scrape.&rdquo; Men, women and children

-packed what belongings they could take in wagons and carts,

-on horseback, or on their own backs, and fled their homes in

-terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving eastward

-toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the bloodthirsty

-Santa Anna.</p>

-<p>General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops

-were no match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated

-Gonzales and had the rear guard put the town to the torch.

-The Texans crossed the Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse

-Burnam&rsquo;s, and camped there for two days. Then the army resumed

-its march down the east bank to Benjamin Beason&rsquo;s crossing,

-some twenty miles below, near the present town of Columbus.

-Camp was pitched at Beason&rsquo;s on the 20th.</p>

-<p>Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south,

-the troops might have heard the distant rumble and crackle

-of gunfire. On March 19, Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr.,

-commanding about 450 volunteers withdrawing from Goliad

-toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on Coleto Creek by

-General Jose Urrea&rsquo;s forces of 1200 infantry and 700 cavalry.

-Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352

-of his men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and

-brutally shot down, by order of Santa Anna.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div>

-<h3 id="c4">THE MEXICAN PURSUIT</h3>

-<p>Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were

-following the colonists. Houston&rsquo;s scouts reported that General

-Ramirez y Sesma and General Adrian Woll were on the west

-side of the Colorado with approximately 725 troops and General

-Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this time recruits and reinforcements

-had increased Houston&rsquo;s army to a strength estimated as

-high as 1200.</p>

-<p>The chilling news of Fannin&rsquo;s defeat, reaching the Texas forces

-on March 25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their

-families beyond the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action,

-but Houston decided to continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping

-his own counsel, he marched his army five miles. On the 27th

-the column reached the timbers of the Brazos River bottoms, and

-on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin, on the west bank of

-the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles up the river

-in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th after

-a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across

-the river from &ldquo;Bernardo,&rdquo; on one of the plantations of the

-wealthy Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly

-a fortnight.<a class="fn" id="fr_1" href="#fn_1">[1]</a></p>

-<p>When the <i>ad interim</i> Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos

-learned of the Mexicans&rsquo; approach, in mid-March, it fled

-to Harrisburg. President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief,

-a caustic note, prodding him to stop his retreat and

-fight. Secretary of War Thomas J. Rusk arrived at the camp

-April 4 at Burnet&rsquo;s direction, to urge Houston to a more aggressive

-course.</p>

-<p>Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna

-decided to take possession of the coast and seaports, as a step

-in his plan to round up the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos

-at Fort Bend (now called Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican

-general proceeded on April 14 on the road to Harrisburg, taking

-with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder cannon. Urrea

-was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere between

-Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend,

-with about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and

-Fort Bend, with nearly 1800 men.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig2">

-<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="765" />

-<p class="pcap">Route of Sam Houston&rsquo;s army (line of crosses) from San Felipe to

-San Jacinto, with stops at Groce&rsquo;s, Donoho&rsquo;s, McCurley&rsquo;s, Burnett&rsquo;s,

-White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div>

-<p>Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he

-learned that the Burnet government had gone down Buffalo

-Bayou to New Washington (now Morgan&rsquo;s Point), about

-eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg, Santa Anna sped

-after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New Washington

-he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.

-Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.</p>

-<h3 id="c5">THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO</h3>

-<p>Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce&rsquo;s received two

-small cannon, known to history as the &ldquo;Twin Sisters,&rdquo; a gift

-from citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston,

-after a consultation with Rusk, decided to move on to the

-east side of the Brazos. The river being very high, the steamboat

-&ldquo;Yellow Stone&rdquo; and a yawl were used to ferry the army

-horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on the

-12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.</p>

-<p>On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain

-Moseley Baker, and other commanders of detachments assigned

-to delaying actions, to rejoin the main army at the house of

-Charles Donoho, about three miles from Groce&rsquo;s. At Donoho&rsquo;s

-the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas crossed the road

-south from Groce&rsquo;s.</p>

-<p>On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of

-Samuel McCurley on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The

-creek forms the boundary line between Harris and Montgomery

-counties. Three miles beyond McCurley&rsquo;s was the home of Abram

-Roberts at a settlement known as &ldquo;New Kentucky.&rdquo; At Roberts&rsquo;

-two wagon trails crossed, one leading to Harrisburg and the other

-to Robbins&rsquo; Ferry on the Trinity and on to the Sabine.</p>

-<p>Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials,

-believed that Houston&rsquo;s strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans

-to the Sabine River, the eastern border of Texas. There,

-it was known, were camped United States troops under General

-Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the Texans might turn on

-their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17, when Roberts&rsquo;

-<span class="pb" id="Page_10">10</span>

-place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road instead

-of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification

-of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the

-home of Matthew Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from

-McCurley&rsquo;s. On April 18 the army marched twenty miles to

-White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of the present city

-of Houston, and only about eight miles from Harrisburg&mdash;now

-a part of Houston.</p>

-<p>From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith, the

-famous Texas spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had

-burned Harrisburg and had gone down the west side of the bayou

-and of San Jacinto River, and that Santa Anna in person was

-in command. In his march downstream Santa Anna had been

-forced to cross the bridge over Vince&rsquo;s Bayou, a tributary of

-Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross

-the same bridge to return.</p>

-<p>Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th,

-Houston told his troops it looked as if they would soon get

-action. And he admonished them to remember the massacres at

-San Antonio and at Goliad.</p>

-<p>&ldquo;Remember the Alamo!&rdquo; The soldiers took up the cry. &ldquo;Remember

-Goliad!&rdquo;<a class="fn" id="fr_2" href="#fn_2">[2]</a></p>

-<p>In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna.

-It is the only chance for saving Texas.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>In an address &ldquo;To the People of Texas&rdquo; he wrote:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved

-for the contest, and must conquer or perish.... We must act

-now or abandon all hope.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>Houston&rsquo;s force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near

-the home of Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg,

-on the evening of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick

-and non-effective, were left with the baggage at the camp opposite

-Harrisburg. The march was continued until midnight.</p>

-<h3 id="c6">ON THE EVE OF BATTLE</h3>

-<p>At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the

-<span class="pb" id="Page_11">11</span>

-bayou, to intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch&rsquo;s ferry, near the

-juncture of Buffalo Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured

-a boat laden with supplies for Santa Anna. This probably was

-some of the plunder of Harrisburg or New Washington. Ascertaining

-that none of the enemy forces had crossed, the Texans

-drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped

-in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.</p>

-<p>That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment

-of cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing

-on a general action. In the clash two Texans were wounded&mdash;one

-of them, Olwyn J. Trask, mortally&mdash;and several horses were

-killed. In this preliminary skirmish Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private

-from Georgia (later President of the Republic of Texas),

-so distinguished himself that on the next day he was placed in

-command of the cavalry.</p>

-<p>Santa Anna&rsquo;s blue-uniformed army made camp under the

-high ground overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a

-mile from the Texas camp. They threw up breastworks of

-trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other equipment. Both sides

-prepared for the expected conflict.</p>

-<p>The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine

-day. Refreshed by a breakfast of bread made with flour from

-the captured supplies and meat from beeves slaughtered the day

-before, they were eager to attack the enemy. They could see

-Santa Anna&rsquo;s flags floating over the enemy camp, and heard

-the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.</p>

-<p>It was discovered at about nine o&rsquo;clock that General Martin

-Perfecto de Cos had crossed Vince&rsquo;s bridge, about eight miles

-behind the Texans&rsquo; camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling

-the enemy forces to about 1265. General Houston ordered

-&ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith and a detail to destroy the bridge and prevent

-further enemy reinforcements.<a class="fn" id="fr_3" href="#fn_3">[3]</a> This also would prevent the

-retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward Harrisburg.

-In dry weather Vince&rsquo;s Bayou was about fifty feet wide and

-ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several

-times wider and deeper.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig3">

-<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="729" />

-<p class="pcap">Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of Texas army and

-Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry, Artillery and

-Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna&rsquo;s breastworks.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div>

-<p>Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war

-with Colonels Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels

-Henry Millard, Alexander Somervell and Joseph L.

-Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two of the officers suggested

-attacking the enemy in his position, while the others favored

-awaiting Santa Anna&rsquo;s attack. Houston withheld his own views,

-but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted

-it to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.</p>

-<h3 id="c7">THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO</h3>

-<p>General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about

-3:30 in the afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet;

-many of the foemen were enjoying their customary <i>siesta</i>. The

-Texans&rsquo; movements were screened by the trees and the rising

-ground, and evidently Santa Anna had no lookouts posted.</p>

-<p>Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary

-garb, the Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. &ldquo;Now

-hold your fire, men,&rdquo; he warned in his deep voice, &ldquo;until you

-get the order!&rdquo;</p>

-<p>At the command, &ldquo;Advance,&rdquo; the patriots, 910 strong, moved

-quickly out of the woods and over the rise, deploying.<a class="fn" id="fr_4" href="#fn_4">[4]</a> Bearded

-and ragged from forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking

-band. But their long rifles were clean and well oiled.

-Only one company, Captain William Wood&rsquo;s &ldquo;Kentucky Rifles,&rdquo;

-originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore uniforms.</p>

-<p>The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson&rsquo;s regiment

-in the center; Sherman&rsquo;s on the left wing; the artillery, under

-George W. Hockley, on Burleson&rsquo;s right; the infantry, under

-Henry Millard, on the right of the artillery; and the cavalry,

-led by Lamar, on the extreme right.</p>

-<p>Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the

-prairie and swale that was No Man&rsquo;s land, the men bending low.

-A soldier&rsquo;s fife piped up with &ldquo;Will You Come to the Bower,&rdquo;<a class="fn" id="fr_5" href="#fn_5">[5]</a>

-a popular tune of the day. That was the only music of the battle.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div>

-<p>As the troops advanced, &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith galloped up and told

-Houston, &ldquo;Vince&rsquo;s bridge has been cut down.&rdquo; The General announced

-it to the men. Now both armies were cut off from

-retreat in all directions but one, by a roughly circular moat

-formed by Vince&rsquo;s and Buffalo Bayous to the west and north,

-San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes

-and the bay to the east and southeast.</p>

-<p>At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide

-thongs, were wheeled into position and belched their charges of

-iron slugs into the enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led

-by Sherman&rsquo;s men, sprang forward on the run, yelling, &ldquo;Remember

-the Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Remember Goliad!&rdquo; All together they opened

-fire, blazing away practically point-blank at the surprised and

-panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the breastworks,

-seized the enemy&rsquo;s artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand combat,

-emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing

-right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores

-under the impact of the savage assault.</p>

-<p>General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried

-to rally the swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men

-became crazed with fright. Many threw down their guns and

-ran; many wailed, &ldquo;Me no Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Me no Goliad!&rdquo; But their

-pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists reloaded and

-chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing

-them, clubbing them to death.</p>

-<p>From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,

-frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the

-prairie and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the

-Alamo and Goliad followed and slew them, or drove them into

-the waters to drown. Men and horses, dead and dying, in the

-morass in the rear and right of the Mexican camp, formed a

-bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened the water. General

-Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of his

-men was beyond restraint.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div>

-<div class="img">

-<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="Sam Houston" width="485" height="800" />

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig4">

-<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="433" />

-<p class="pcap">The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div>

-<p>Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince&rsquo;s

-bridge, only to find that the bridge was gone. In desperation,

-some of the flying horsemen spurred their mounts down the

-steep bank; some dismounted and plunged into the swollen

-stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly fire into the

-welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was virtually

-impossible.</p>

-<hr />

-<p>General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory,

-his ankle shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where

-he had slept the previous night he fainted and slid from his

-horse into the arms of Major Hockley, his chief of staff.</p>

-<p>As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented

-to him as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who

-had surrendered formally with about 400 men.</p>

-<p>The casualties, according to Houston&rsquo;s official report, numbered

-630 Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner.

-As against this heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or

-mortally wounded, and thirty wounded less seriously. Most of

-their injuries came from the first scattered Mexican volley

-when the attackers stormed their barricade. The Texans captured

-a large supply of muskets, pistols, sabers, mules, horses, provisions,

-clothing, tents and paraphernalia, and $12,000 in silver.</p>

-<h3 id="c8">THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA</h3>

-<p>Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day

-General Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding

-territory for him. In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester<a class="fn" id="fr_6" href="#fn_6">[6]</a>

-spotted a Mexican slipping through the woods toward Vince&rsquo;s

-Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades caught the fugitive trying to

-hide in the high grass. He wore a common soldier&rsquo;s apparel&mdash;round

-jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and soldier&rsquo;s shoes.</p>

-<p>They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican

-prisoners recognized him and cried, &ldquo;El Presidente!&rdquo; Thus his

-identity was betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below

-the Rio Grande. He was brought to General Houston, who lay

-under the headquarters oak, nursing his wounded foot.</p>

-<p>The Mexican President pompously announced, &ldquo;I am General

-Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your

-disposition.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly.

-<span class="pb" id="Page_18">18</span>

-He sent for young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala

-Jr. to act as interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as

-the excited Texas soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence.

-He pleaded for the treatment due a prisoner of war. &ldquo;You

-can afford to be generous,&rdquo; he whined; &ldquo;you have captured the

-Napoleon of the West.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>&ldquo;What claim have you to mercy?&rdquo; Houston retorted, &ldquo;when

-you showed none at the Alamo or at Goliad?&rdquo;</p>

-<p>They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala

-and Almonte as interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to

-write an order commanding all Mexican troops to evacuate

-Texas. Later, treaties were signed at Velasco, looking to the adjustment

-of all differences and the recognition of Texas independence.</p>

-<hr />

-<p>Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute

-battle which established Texas as a free republic and opened the

-way for the United States to extend its boundaries to the Rio

-Grande on the southwest and to the Pacific on the west. Few

-military engagements in history have been more decisive or of

-more far-reaching ultimate influence than the battle of San

-Jacinto.</p>

-<div class="img">

-<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="Outline of Texas" width="276" height="266" />

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div>

-<h2 id="c9"><span class="small">Opposing Commanders&rsquo; Reports</span></h2>

-<p>It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of

-San Jacinto written by leaders of the opposing Texan and

-Mexican forces.</p>

-<p>General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement

-to President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed

-his movements during the three days preceding the

-battle, and then said:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>About nine o&rsquo;clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy

-were reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of

-General Cos, increasing their effective force to upward of 1500

-men, whilst our aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At

-half-past three o&rsquo;clock in the evening, I ordered the officers of

-the Texian army to parade their respective commands, having

-in the meantime ordered the bridge on the only road communicating

-with the Brazos, distant eight miles from the encampment,

-to be destroyed&mdash;thus cutting off all possibility of escape.

-Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious

-for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed

-only to increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened

-their anxiety for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an

-opportunity of making the arrangements preparatory to the attack

-without exposing our designs to the enemy. The first regiment,

-commanded by Colonel Burleson, was assigned to the

-center. The second regiment, under the command of Colonel

-Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under

-special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General,

-was placed on the right of the first regiment; and four

-companies of infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry

-Millard, sustained the artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61

-in number, commanded by Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose

-gallant and daring conduct on the previous day had attracted

-the admiration of his comrades), completed our line. Our cavalry

-was first dispatched to the front of the enemy&rsquo;s left, for the

-purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive island of

-<span class="pb" id="Page_20">20</span>

-timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,

-and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design

-of the troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the

-whole advancing rapidly in line, and through an open prairie,

-without any protection whatever for our men. The artillery

-advanced and took station within 200 yards of the enemy&rsquo;s

-breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with grape and

-canister.</i></p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced

-the action upon our left wing, the whole line, at the center and

-on the right, advancing in double quick time, rung the war-cry,

-&lsquo;Remember the Alamo!&rsquo; received the enemy&rsquo;s fire, and advanced

-within point blank shot, before a piece was discharged

-from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until they

-were in possession of the woodland and the enemy&rsquo;s breastwork&mdash;the

-right wing of Burleson&rsquo;s and the left of Millard&rsquo;s taking

-possession of the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly

-charged up within seventy yards of the enemy&rsquo;s cannon, when

-it was taken by our troops. The conflict lasted about eighteen

-minutes from the time of close action until we were in possession

-of the enemy&rsquo;s encampment, taking one piece of cannon (loaded),

-four stand of colors, all their camp equipage, stores and baggage.

-Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy

-upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did

-not cease until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned

-before&mdash;Captain Karnes, always among the foremost in

-danger, commanding the pursuers. The conflict in the breastwork

-lasted but a few moments; many of the troops encountered

-hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of bayonets on

-our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs, breaking

-many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past

-four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until

-twilight. A guard was then left in charge of the enemy&rsquo;s encampment,

-and our army returned with our killed and wounded.

-In the battle, our loss was two killed and twenty-three wounded,

-six of them mortally. The enemy&rsquo;s loss was 630 killed ...

-wounded 208 ... prisoners 730....</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div>

-<h3 id="c10">MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE</h3>

-<p>General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a

-brief and untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an

-alibi blaming General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had

-ordered Filisola to join him by forced marches, for the attack

-on Houston&rsquo;s army, and was waiting for the reinforcements

-when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto. He continued:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>At two o&rsquo;clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had

-fallen asleep in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would

-moderate so that I might begin the march (to find Filisola),

-when the filibusterers surprised my camp with admirable skill.

-Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and finding myself

-surrounded by those people, threatening me with their rifles and

-overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was

-obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by

-his criminal disobedience.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<p>This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which

-Santa Anna recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops

-in the battle until &ldquo;the new recruits threw everything into confusion,

-breaking their ranks and preventing veterans from making

-use of their arms, whilst the enemy was rapidly advancing with

-loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a victory which

-they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>Then, <i>El Presidente</i> went on:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I

-found myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp

-... offered me his horse, with the tenderest and

-most urging expressions insisted on my riding off the field....

-I remembered that General Filisola was only seventeen leagues

-off, and I took my direction toward him, darting through the

-enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride of one league

-and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the bridge

-over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit.</i></p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig5">

-<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="759" />

-<p class="pcap">ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_23">23</div>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded

-in concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night

-coming on I escaped them, and the hope of reaching the army

-gave me strength. I crossed the creek with the water up to my

-breast and continued my route on foot. I found, in a house

-which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing, which

-enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o&rsquo;clock a.m., while

-I was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again.

-Such is the history of my capture. On account of my change

-of apparel they did not recognize me, and inquired whether I

-had seen Santa Anna. To this I answered that he had made his

-escape; and this answer saved me from assassination, as I have

-since been given to understand.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<hr />

-<p>Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna&rsquo;s staff, gave a more

-detailed and more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He

-told how Santa Anna, his staff and most of the men were

-asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm of the Texan advance.

-Some of the men were out gathering boughs for shelter; cavalrymen

-were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe

-the movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a

-mere line of one rank, and very extended. In their center was the

-Texas flag; on both wings, they had two light cannons, well

-manned. Their cavalry was opposite our front, overlapping our

-left. In this disposition yelling furiously, with a brisk fire of

-grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced resolutely upon our

-camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General Castrillon

-shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving

-orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down

-and avoid the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency.</i></p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified,

-and sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to

-force some of them to fight, but all efforts were in vain&mdash;the

-evil was beyond remedy; they were a bewildered and panic-stricken

-herd.</i></p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods.

-Presently we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of

-their clamor. Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like

-upon our deserted camp.</i></p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost

-excitement, wringing his hands, and unable to give an order.

-General Castrillon was stretched on the ground, wounded in the

-leg. Colonel Trevino was killed, and Colonel Marcial Aguirre

-was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy reaching the ordnance

-train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who had been detailed

-to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the previous

-evening.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<p>In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans

-wrought the worst carnage of the battle.</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been

-all over with us had not Providence placed us in the hands of

-the noble and generous captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great

-exertion, saved us repeatedly from being slaughtered by the

-drunken and infuriated volunteers.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<div class="img">

-<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="Star" width="98" height="97" />

-</div>

-<h4><span class="sc">San Jacinto Museum of History Association</span></h4>

-<p class="center small">BOARD OF TRUSTEES</p>

-<p class="center small"><span class="sc">George A. Hill, Jr.</span>, <i>President</i>

-<br /><span class="sc">L. W. Kemp</span>, <i>Vice President</i>

-<br /><span class="sc">W. B. Bates</span>, <i>Secretary-Treasurer</i>

-<br /><span class="sc">A. C. Finn</span>

-<br /><span class="sc">Mrs. Madge W. Hearne</span>

-<br /><span class="sc">Dorothy W. Estes</span>, <i>Director</i></p>

-<h4><span class="sc">San Jacinto State Park Commission</span></h4>

-<p class="center small"><span class="sc">J. Perry Moore</span>, <i>Chairman</i>

-<br /><span class="sc">Mary Tod</span>

-<br /><span class="sc">W. E. Kendall</span></p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_25">25</div>

-<h2 id="c11"><span class="small">San Jacinto Monument</span></h2>

-<p>The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the

-scene of the historic conflict between Sam Houston&rsquo;s pioneers

-and Santa Anna&rsquo;s Mexican invaders, was erected as

-a memorial to the Texas heroes, commemorating the Centennial of

-1836. Appropriations aggregating $1,866,148 were made by the

-State of Texas and the Federal Government for the construction

-of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto State Park. Of

-this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building the

-monument.</p>

-<p>On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle

-of San Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was

-broken for the monument. Among the participants was General

-Andrew Jackson Houston, only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief

-of the Texas Army at San Jacinto. The monument,

-570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21, 1939.</p>

-<p>The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn

-fossilized limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County,

-Texas. The interior walls are highly polished. The base of the

-building is 124 feet square and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet

-square at the base and 30 feet at the top.</p>

-<p>On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the

-ground, a frieze 178 feet around and 15&frac12; feet high shows in

-relief the history of Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans

-to the present day. This was executed by William McVey,

-Houston sculptor.</p>

-<p>On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved

-inscriptions, summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution.

-Each of these eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and

-the letters in the inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by

-L. W. Kemp with collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert

-Gambrell and other historical authorities, they epitomize the

-whole evolution of Texas independence in approximately 600

-words.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig6">

-<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="" width="491" height="800" />

-<p class="pcap">San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_27">27</div>

-<p>There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The

-entrance is through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two

-spacious rooms. The south room houses the exhibits relating to

-the Spanish and Mexican period of Texas history, many of them

-donated by Colonel and Mrs. George A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the

-north room relate to the Anglo-American period until the beginning

-of the War between the States. An entrance lobby from

-the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the observation

-deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery

-for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting

-the north and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic

-life.</p>

-<p>Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument.

-One, in the south room, records the names of the 910

-heroes who fought in the battle; the other, in the north room,

-lists the 248 men of Houston&rsquo;s army, mostly sick and non-effectives,

-who were detailed to remain at the camp established opposite

-Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W. Kemp. In this

-booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.</p>

-<p>The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed

-by the W. S. Bellows Construction Company of

-Houston.</p>

-<p>Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is

-financed, without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee

-charged for riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by

-the sale of souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association,

-which operates the monument, is a non-profit organization

-incorporated under the laws of Texas, November 7, 1938.

-Members of the Association&rsquo;s board of trustees are nominated

-by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved by the State

-Board of Control.</p>

-<h3 id="c12">THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH</h3>

-<p>It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas

-coast during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now

-known as San Jacinto River so choked with water hyacinths

-(a mauve species of lily that still abounds in this region) that

-they could not pass. They called it the &ldquo;hyacinth stream.&rdquo; From

-<span class="pb" id="Page_28">28</span>

-that name evolved &ldquo;San Jacinto&rdquo;&mdash;Spanish for &ldquo;Saint Hyacinth.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave

-the battlefield its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured,

-while conversing with a group of Texan officers inquired

-concerning the correct name of the field. One officer is supposed

-to have answered &ldquo;Lynchburg,&rdquo; but Wharton suggested

-&ldquo;San Jacinto.&rdquo;</p>

-<p>The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three

-miles from the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park

-of 402 acres. It is situated near the confluence of San

-Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou&mdash;now the Houston Ship Channel&mdash;not

-far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural beauty. The

-land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild flowers

-here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor. Nowhere

-else in this section are more luxuriant mossy &ldquo;beards&rdquo;

-to be found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.</p>

-<p>The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg&mdash;known

-in the old days as &ldquo;Lynch&rsquo;s Ferry&rdquo;&mdash;was one of

-the early settlements of Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along

-the wide stream and adjacent lagoons were once popular as

-homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou from the battleground

-was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, <i>ad interim</i> Vice

-President of the Republic.</p>

-<p>Nearby lived David G. Burnet, <i>ad interim</i> President. Later

-General Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from

-the battlefield. It is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister

-of the Republic of Texas to England, had his home at about

-the site of present Goose Creek, not far from Lynchburg.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div>

-<div class="img">

-<img src="images/p10.jpg" alt="Entrance to monument" width="700" height="404" />

-</div>

-<h2 id="c13"><span class="small">Texas Revolution Epitomized</span></h2>

-<p>The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed

-on the exterior of the monument&rsquo;s base in eight panels,

-is as follows:</p>

-<blockquote>

-<p>THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD

-HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN EXTREMELY

-LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND

-WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO TAXES OR

-DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP

-BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS AND

-MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING

-A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN IN

-1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY

-SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO. THEIR

-UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES

-LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div>

-<p>IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED

-THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC

-TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS

-FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE BATTLE

-OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE

-OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2, FOLLOWED:

-IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS.

-STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN, &ldquo;FATHER OF

-TEXAS&rdquo;, WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834,

-AND HELD IN MEXICO WITHOUT TRIAL

-UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED

-AN ARMY, AND ON NOVEMBER 12, 1835,

-ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.</p>

-<p>THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION

-OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS

-AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE

-TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN

-SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY

-THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN GARRISON

-AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE

-OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY THE TEXANS,

-OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED

-DECEMBER 10, 1835 AFTER FIVE DAYS OF

-FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE

-BENJAMIN R. MILAM DIED A HERO, AND

-THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.</p>

-<p>TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT

-WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.

-FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES

-MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES

-GRANT&rsquo;S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA

-DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET TRAVIS

-AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES

-AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6, WILLIAM WARD

-WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14,

-AMON B. KING&rsquo;S MEN WERE EXECUTED

-NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES

-WALKER FANNIN AND HIS ARMY WERE PUT

-TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_31">31</div>

-<p>ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE

-ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL

-SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE

-SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK, ATTACKED

-THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF

-MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA ANNA.

-THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT

-WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY SHERMAN&rsquo;S REGIMENT,

-EDWARD BURLESON&rsquo;S REGIMENT,

-THE ARTILLERY COMMANDED BY GEORGE W.

-HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD&rsquo;S INFANTRY AND

-THE CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR.

-SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.</p>

-<p>WITH THE BATTLE CRY, &ldquo;REMEMBER THE

-ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!&rdquo; THE TEXANS

-CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE,

-RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES,

-THEN FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS

-HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE.

-THE SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY

-COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE FOLLOWING

-DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE

-SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED &ldquo;NAPOLEON OF

-THE WEST,&rdquo; RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS

-FOE THE MERCY HE HAD DENIED TRAVIS

-AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div>

-<p>CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT

-SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT

-SAN JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA,

-ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,

-ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA,

-MAINE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS,

-MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW

-HAMPSHIRE, NEW YORK, NORTH CAROLINA,

-OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH

-CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT,

-VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA, ENGLAND,

-FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY,

-MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND SCOTLAND.</p>

-<p>MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO

-WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES OF

-THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM

-MEXICO WON HERE LED TO ANNEXATION

-AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING

-IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE UNITED

-STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW

-MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA, CALIFORNIA,

-UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING,

-KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA. ALMOST ONE-THIRD

-OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN

-NATION, NEARLY A MILLION SQUARE MILES

-OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.</p>

-</blockquote>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div>

-<h2 id="c14"><span class="small">Brigham Monument</span></h2>

-<h3 id="c15">DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR</h3>

-<p>Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal

-memorial on the battlefield was a plain square spire

-monument of Rutland variegated marble, fifteen and one-half

-feet high, which with the base stands seventeen feet. After

-its dedication it was placed at the grave of Benjamin R. Brigham,

-one of the nine Texans who were killed or mortally wounded in

-the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception, were buried on

-the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.

-Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in

-1879 Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise

-funds by public subscription to erect a joint monument where

-their bodies lay, the grave of Brigham was alone recognizable.</p>

-<p>The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies

-August 25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General

-Sam Houston, being the orator of the occasion. On April

-23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature purchased for $1,500, ten

-acres of land surrounding the monument. This was the beginning

-of the present San Jacinto State Park.</p>

-<p>Carved on the east front of the monument is:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a

-wreath of oak and laurel leaves.</p>

-<p>Beneath the star:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;B. R. BRIGHAM&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>On the base:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;SAN JACINTO&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are

-cut two stars on each front and one above the band on the east

-front. These represent the nine who fell in the battle.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_34">34</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig7">

-<img src="images/p11.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="745" />

-<p class="pcap">Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the nine dead at San Jacinto.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig8">

-<img src="images/p11a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="512" />

-<p class="pcap">Marker at site of Santa Anna&rsquo;s surrender at San Jacinto.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_35">35</div>

-<p>On the north front, beneath the heading:</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE&rdquo;</p>

-<p>is recorded the statement of General Houston:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna.

-It is the only chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have

-looked for reinforcements in vain: We will only have about

-seven hundred men to march with besides the camp guard. We

-go on to conquer. It is wisdom growing out of necessity to meet

-the enemy now. Every consideration enforces it. No previous occasion

-would justify it. The troops are in fine spirits and now is

-the time for action. We shall use our best efforts to fight the

-enemy to such advantage as will insure victory though the odds

-are greatly against us.</i></p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon

-His providence.</i></p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right

-for which we fight will be secured, and Texas free.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<p>Below this is inscribed:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;REMEMBER THE ALAMO&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>On the south front beneath the heading:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:</p>

-<p>&ldquo;<i>The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced,

-but, at the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence

-rose in Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by

-the clouds of despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and

-pursued with ardour the annals of war; we have contemplated,

-with the highest emotions of sublimity, the loud roaring thunder,

-the desolating tornado, and the withering simoon of the

-desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired us with emotions

-like those felt on this occasion! There was a general cry which

-pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA

-BAHIA! These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The

-unerring aim and irresistible energy of the Texan army could

-not be withstood, it was freemen fighting against the minions

-of tyranny and the result proved the inequality of such a

-contest.</i>&rdquo;</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_36">36</div>

-<p>And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston&rsquo;s

-charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:

-<span class="center">&ldquo;WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER&rdquo;</span></p>

-<p>On the west front:</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;This monument stands at the grave of

-<br />BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM

-<br />who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;Nearby rest</p>

-<p class="center">LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY

-<br />JOHN C. HALE

-<br />GEORGE A. LAMB

-<br />DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY

-<br />MATHIAS COOPER

-<br />THOMAS PATTON FOWLE

-<br />ASHLEY R. STEPHENS</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;OLWYN J. TRASK

-<br />died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April 20, 1836.</p>

-<p class="center">&ldquo;This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess&rdquo;</p>

-<p>On the base following this tribute is the war cry,

-<span class="center">&ldquo;REMEMBER GOLIAD&rdquo;</span></p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_37">37</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig9">

-<img src="images/p12.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="262" />

-<p class="pcap">MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER</p>

-<p class="pcapc">THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE</p>

-<p class="pcapc">GENERAL HOUSTON<span class="hst"> APRIL 19 1836</span></p>

-<p class="pcapc">OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED

-IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT HERE APRIL 21 1836

-OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY</p>

-</div>

-<h2 id="c16"><span class="small">The Roll of Honor</span></h2>

-<p>One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls

-of the San Jacinto museum records the names of the officers

-and men of the Texas army who fought in the battle

-on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of the previous day. The

-other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or non-effective, who

-were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.</p>

-<p>Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:</p>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Adams, Thomas Jefferson</dt>

-<dt>Aldrich, Collin</dt>

-<dt>Alexander, Jerome B.</dt>

-<dt>Allen, John Melville</dt>

-<dt>Allison, John C.</dt>

-<dt>Allison, Moses</dt>

-<dt>Alsbury, Horace Arlington</dt>

-<dt>Alsbury, Young Perry</dt>

-<dt>Anderson, Washington</dt>

-<dt>Andrews, Micah</dt>

-<dt>Angel, John</dt>

-<dt>Anson, Orin D.</dt>

-<dt>Armot, W. S.</dt>

-<dt>Armstrong, Irwin</dt>

-<dt>Arnold, Hayden</dt>

-<dt>Arocha, Jose Maria</dt>

-<dt>Arocha, Manuel</dt>

-<dt>Arreola, Simon</dt>

-<dt>Atkinson, Milton B.</dt>

-<dt>Avery, Willis</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Bailey, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>Bailey, Howard W.</dt>

-<dt>Bain, Noel M.</dt>

-<dt>Baker, Daniel Davis D.</dt>

-<dt>Baker, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Baker, Moseley</dt>

-<dt>Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin</dt>

-<dt>Balch, John</dt>

-<dt>Bancroft, Jethro Russell</dt>

-<dt>Banks, Reason</dt>

-<dt>Barcinas, Andres</dt>

-<dt>Bardwell, Soloman B.</dt>

-<dt>Barker, George</dt>

-<dt>Barkley, John A.</dt>

-<dt>Barr, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Barstow, Joshua</dt>

-<dt>Bateman, William</dt>

-<dt>Barton, Jefferson A.</dt>

-<dt>Barton, Wayne</dt>

-<dt>Barton, Elder B.</dt>

-<dt>Baxter, Montgomery</dt>

-<dt>Baylor, Dr. John Walker</dt>

-<dt>Bear, Isaac H.</dt>

-<dt>Beard, Andrew Jackson</dt>

-<dt>Beason, Leander</dt>

-<dt>Beauchamp, John</dt>

-<dt>Beebe, John N.</dt>

-<dt>Begley, John</dt>

-<dt>Belden, John</dt>

-<dt>Belknap, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Bell, James Madison</dt>

-<dt>Bell, Peter Hansbrough</dt>

-<dt>Bell, Thomas Henry</dt>

-<dt>Bennett, Joseph L.</dt>

-<dt>Bennett, W. B.</dt>

-<dt>Bennett, William</dt>

-<dt>Benson, Ellis</dt>

-<dt>Benton, Alfred</dt>

-<dt>Benton, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Bernardi, Prospero</dt>

-<dt>Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick</dt>

-<dt>Berry, Andrew Jackson</dt>

-<dt>Berryhill, William M.</dt>

-<dt>Billingsley, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Bingham, Mathias A.</dt>

-<dt>Bird, James</dt>

-<dt>Birt, Samuel Pearce</dt>

-<dt>Bissett, Robert B.</dt>

-<dt>Blackwell, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Blakey, Lemuel Stockton</dt>

-<dt>Bledsoe, George L.</dt>

-<dt>Blue, Uriah</dt>

-<dt>Bollinger, Ephriam</dt>

-<dt>Bollinger, Peter</dt>

-<dt>Bond, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Booker, Dr. Shields</dt>

-<dt>Boom, Garret E.</dt>

-<dt>Borden, John Pettit</dt>

-<dt>Borden, Paschal Pavolo</dt>

-<dt>Bostick, Sion Record</dt>

-<dt>Bottsford, Seymour</dt>

-<dt>Bowen, William Robert</dt>

-<dt>Box, James Edward</dt>

-<dt>Box, John Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Box, Nelson</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_38">38</dt>

-<dt>Box, Thomas Griffin</dt>

-<dt>Boyd, James C.</dt>

-<dt>Boyle, William</dt>

-<dt>Bradley, Isaac B.</dt>

-<dt>Bradley, James</dt>

-<dt>Brake, Michael J.</dt>

-<dt>Branch, Edward Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Breeding, Fidelie S.</dt>

-<dt>Breedlove, A. W.</dt>

-<dt>Brenan, William</dt>

-<dt>Brewer, Henry Mitchell</dt>

-<dt>Brewster, Henry Percy</dt>

-<dt>Brigham, Benjamin Rice</dt>

-<dt>Brigham, Moses W.</dt>

-<dt>Briscoe, Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Brookfield, Francis E.</dt>

-<dt>Brooks, Thomas D.</dt>

-<dt>Brown, David</dt>

-<dt>Brown, George J.</dt>

-<dt>Brown, Oliver T.</dt>

-<dt>Brown, Wilson C.</dt>

-<dt>Browning, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Bruff, Christopher Columbus</dt>

-<dt>Bryan, Luke O.</dt>

-<dt>Bryan, Moses Austin</dt>

-<dt>Bryant, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Buffington, Anderson</dt>

-<dt>Buford, Thomas Young</dt>

-<dt>Bullock, David M.</dt>

-<dt>Bunton, John Wheeler</dt>

-<dt>Burleson, Aaron</dt>

-<dt>Burleson, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Burnam, John Hickerson</dt>

-<dt>Burnam, William Owen</dt>

-<dt>Burton, Isaac Watts</dt>

-<dt>Bust, Luke W.</dt>

-<dt>Butts, Augustus J.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Caddell, Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Cage, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Calder, Robert James</dt>

-<dt>Caldwell, Pinckney</dt>

-<dt>Callicoatte, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Callihan, Thomas Jefferson</dt>

-<dt>Campbell, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Campbell, Michael</dt>

-<dt>Cannan, William Jarvis</dt>

-<dt>Carmona, Ceasario</dt>

-<dt>Carnal, Patrick</dt>

-<dt>Carpenter, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Carper, Dr. William M.</dt>

-<dt>Carr, John</dt>

-<dt>Carter, Robert W. P.</dt>

-<dt>Cartwright, Matthew Winston</dt>

-<dt>Cartwright, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Caruthers, Allen</dt>

-<dt>Casillas, Gabriel</dt>

-<dt>Cassidy, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Chadduck, Richard H.</dt>

-<dt>Chaffin, James A.</dt>

-<dt>Chapman, Henry S.</dt>

-<dt>Chavenoe, Michael</dt>

-<dt>Cheairs, John F.</dt>

-<dt>Cheevers, John</dt>

-<dt>Chenoweth, John</dt>

-<dt>Chiles, Lewis L.</dt>

-<dt>Choate, David, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Christie, John</dt>

-<dt>Clapp, Elisha</dt>

-<dt>Clark, James</dt>

-<dt>Clark, John</dt>

-<dt>Clark, William</dt>

-<dt>Clarke, Charles A.</dt>

-<dt>Clarkson, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Clayton, Joseph Alvey</dt>

-<dt>Clelens, Josh</dt>

-<dt>Clemmons, Lewis Chapman</dt>

-<dt>Clemmons, William H.</dt>

-<dt>Cleveland, Horatio N.</dt>

-<dt>Clopper, &mdash;&mdash;</dt>

-<dt>Coble, Adam</dt>

-<dt>Cochran, Jeremiah D.</dt>

-<dt>Coffman, Elkin G.</dt>

-<dt>Coker, John</dt>

-<dt>Cole, Benjamin L.</dt>

-<dt>Cole, David</dt>

-<dt>Coleman, Robert M.</dt>

-<dt>Collard, Job Starks</dt>

-<dt>Collins, Willis</dt>

-<dt>Collinsworth, James</dt>

-<dt>Colton, William</dt>

-<dt>Conlee, Preston</dt>

-<dt>Conn, James</dt>

-<dt>Connell, Sampson</dt>

-<dt>Connor, James</dt>

-<dt>Cook, James R.</dt>

-<dt>Cooke, Francis Jarvis</dt>

-<dt>Cooke, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Cooke, William Gordon</dt>

-<dt>Cooper, Mathias</dt>

-<dt>Corry, Thomas F.</dt>

-<dt>Corzine, Hershel</dt>

-<dt>Cox, Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Cox, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Craddock, John Robert</dt>

-<dt>Craft, James A.</dt>

-<dt>Craft, Russell B.</dt>

-<dt>Craig, Henry R.</dt>

-<dt>Crain, Joel Burditt</dt>

-<dt>Crain, Roden Taylor</dt>

-<dt>Cravens, Robert M.</dt>

-<dt>Crawford, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Criswell, William Vanoy</dt>

-<dt>Crittenden, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Crittenden, William</dt>

-<dt>Crosby, Ganey</dt>

-<dt>Crunk, Nicholas S.</dt>

-<dt>Cruz, Antonio</dt>

-<dt>Cumba, James</dt>

-<dt>Cumberland, George</dt>

-<dt>Cunningham, Leander Calvin</dt>

-<dt>Curbiere, Antonio</dt>

-<dt>Curbiere, Matias</dt>

-<dt>Curtis, Hinton</dt>

-<dt>Curtis, James, Sr.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Dale, Elijah Valentine</dt>

-<dt>Dallas, Walter Riddle</dt>

-<dt>Dalrymple, John</dt>

-<dt>Darling, Socrates</dt>

-<dt>Darr, George</dt>

-<dt>Darst, Edmund Calloway</dt>

-<dt>Darst, Richard Brownfield</dt>

-<dt>Davey, Thomas P.</dt>

-<dt>Davidson, John F.</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Abner C.</dt>

-<dt>Davis, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Davis, James P.</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Jesse Kencheloe</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Moses H.</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Travis</dt>

-<dt>Davis, Washington H.</dt>

-<dt>Dawson, Nicholas Mosby</dt>

-<dt>Day, William</dt>

-<dt>Deadrick, David</dt>

-<dt>Deadrick, Fielding</dt>

-<dt>Deadrick, George M.</dt>

-<dt>Denham, M. H.</dt>

-<dt>Denman, Colden</dt>

-<dt>Dennis, Thomas Mason</dt>

-<dt>De Vore, Cornelius</dt>

-<dt>DeWitt, James C.</dt>

-<dt>Dibble, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Dillard, Abraham</dt>

-<dt>Dixon, James W.</dt>

-<dt>Doan, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Doolittle, Berry</dt>

-<dt>Doubt, Daniel L.</dt>

-<dt>Douthet, James</dt>

-<dt>Dubromer, Dr. Tobias</dt>

-<dt>Duffee, William</dt>

-<dt>Dunbar, William</dt>

-<dt>Duncan, John</dt>

-<dt>Dunham, Daniel T.</dt>

-<dt>Dunn, Matthew</dt>

-<dt>Durham, William Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Dutcher, Alfred</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Earl, William</dt>

-<dt>Eastland, William Mosby</dt>

-<dt>Edgar, Joseph Smith</dt>

-<dt>Edingburg, Christopher Columbus</dt>

-<dt>Edson, Amos B.</dt>

-<dt>Edwards, Isiah</dt>

-<dt>Edwards, Tilford C.</dt>

-<dt>Egbert, James D.</dt>

-<dt>Eggleston, Horace</dt>

-<dt>Ehlinger, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Eldridge, James J.</dt>

-<dt>Ellinger, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Elliot, James D.</dt>

-<dt>Elliot, Peter S.</dt>

-<dt>Ellis, Willis L.</dt>

-<dt>Enriquez, Lucio</dt>

-<dt>Erath, George Bernhard</dt>

-<dt>Evetts, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray</dt>

-<dt>Eyler, Jacob</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Faris, Hezekiah</dt>

-<dt>Farley, Thomas M.</dt>

-<dt>Farmer, James</dt>

-<dt>Farrish, Oscar</dt>

-<dt>Farwell, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Fennell, George</dt>

-<dt>Ferrell, John P.</dt>

-<dt>Ferrill, William L.</dt>

-<dt>Fields, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Finch, Matthew</dt>

-<dt>Fisher, William</dt>

-<dt>Fisher, William S.</dt>

-<dt>Fitch, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.</dt>

-<dt>Flick, John</dt>

-<dt>Flores, Manuel</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_39">39</dt>

-<dt>Flores, Martin</dt>

-<dt>Flores, Nepomuceno</dt>

-<dt>Floyd, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Flynn, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Foard, Charles A.</dt>

-<dt>Fogle, Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Foley, Steven Tucker</dt>

-<dt>Forbes, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Forbes, John</dt>

-<dt>Ford, Simon Peter</dt>

-<dt>Forrester, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Foster, Anthony</dt>

-<dt>Foster, John Ray</dt>

-<dt>Fowle, Thomas Patton</dt>

-<dt>Fowler, Styles J.</dt>

-<dt>Fowler, Thomas M.</dt>

-<dt>Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell</dt>

-<dt>Frazer, Hugh</dt>

-<dt>Freele, James</dt>

-<dt>Fry, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Fullerton, William</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Gafford, John</dt>

-<dt>Gage, Calvin</dt>

-<dt>Gainer, John N.</dt>

-<dt>Gallaher, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Gallatin, Albert</dt>

-<dt>Gammell, William</dt>

-<dt>Gant, William W.</dt>

-<dt>Gardner, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Garner, John</dt>

-<dt>Garwood, S. Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Gay, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Gedry, Lefroy</dt>

-<dt>Gentry, Frederick Browder</dt>

-<dt>Giddings, Giles Albert</dt>

-<dt>Gilbert, John Floyd</dt>

-<dt>Gill, John Porter</dt>

-<dt>Gill, William</dt>

-<dt>Gillaspie, James</dt>

-<dt>Gillespie, Luke John</dt>

-<dt>Glidwell, Abner</dt>

-<dt>Goheen, Michael R.</dt>

-<dt>Goodloe, Robert Kemp</dt>

-<dt>Goodwin, Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Graham, John</dt>

-<dt>Graves, Alexander S.</dt>

-<dt>Graves, Thomas A.</dt>

-<dt>Gray, James</dt>

-<dt>Gray, Mayberry B.</dt>

-<dt>Green, B.</dt>

-<dt>Green, George</dt>

-<dt>Green, James</dt>

-<dt>Green, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Greenlaw, Augus</dt>

-<dt>Greenwood, James</dt>

-<dt>Greer, Thomas N. B.</dt>

-<dt>Grice, James B.</dt>

-<dt>Grieves, David</dt>

-<dt>Griffin, William</dt>

-<dt>Grigsby, Crawford</dt>

-<dt>Gross, Jacob</dt>

-<dt>Gustine, Dr. Lemuel</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Halderman, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Hale, John C.</dt>

-<dt>Hale, William</dt>

-<dt>Hall, James S.</dt>

-<dt>Hall, John</dt>

-<dt>Hallet, John, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Hallmark, William Calvert</dt>

-<dt>Halstead, E. B.</dt>

-<dt>Hamilton, Elias E.</dt>

-<dt>Hancock, George Duncan</dt>

-<dt>Handy, Robert Eden</dt>

-<dt>Hanson, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Hardaway, Samuel G.</dt>

-<dt>Hardeman, Thomas Monroe</dt>

-<dt>Hardin, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Harmon, Clark M.</dt>

-<dt>Harmon, John A.</dt>

-<dt>Harness, William</dt>

-<dt>Harper, Benjamin J.</dt>

-<dt>Harper, John</dt>

-<dt>Harper, Peter</dt>

-<dt>Harris, Andrew Jackson</dt>

-<dt>Harris, James</dt>

-<dt>Harris, Temple Overton</dt>

-<dt>Harrison, A. L.</dt>

-<dt>Harrison, Elzy</dt>

-<dt>Harvey, David</dt>

-<dt>Harvey, John</dt>

-<dt>Haskins, Thomas A.</dt>

-<dt>Hassell, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Hawkins, William J.</dt>

-<dt>Hawkins, William Washington</dt>

-<dt>Hayr, James</dt>

-<dt>Hays, William C.</dt>

-<dt>Hazen, Nathaniel C.</dt>

-<dt>Heard, William Jones Elliot</dt>

-<dt>Heck, Charles F.</dt>

-<dt>Henderson, Francis K.</dt>

-<dt>Henderson, Hugh</dt>

-<dt>Henderson, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Henderstrom, Augustus</dt>

-<dt>Henry, Charles M.</dt>

-<dt>Henry, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Herrera, Pedro</dt>

-<dt>Herron, John Harvey</dt>

-<dt>Hickox, Franklin B.</dt>

-<dt>Higsmith, Ahijah M.</dt>

-<dt>Hill, Abraham Webb</dt>

-<dt>Hill, H.</dt>

-<dt>Hill, Isaac Lafayette</dt>

-<dt>Hill, James Monroe</dt>

-<dt>Hobson, John</dt>

-<dt>Hockley, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Hogan, Josiah</dt>

-<dt>Hogan, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Holder, Prior A.</dt>

-<dt>Holman, Sanford</dt>

-<dt>Holmes, Peter W.</dt>

-<dt>Homan, Harvey</dt>

-<dt>Hood, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Hope, Prosper</dt>

-<dt>Hopson, Lucien</dt>

-<dt>Horton, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>Hotchkiss, Rinaldo</dt>

-<dt>Houston, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Howard, William C.</dt>

-<dt>Howell, Robert F.</dt>

-<dt>Hueser, John A.</dt>

-<dt>Hughes, Thomas M.</dt>

-<dt>Hunt, John Campbell</dt>

-<dt>Hyland, Joseph</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Ijams, Basil G.</dt>

-<dt>Ingram, Allen</dt>

-<dt>Ingram, John</dt>

-<dt>Irvine, James Thomas Patton</dt>

-<dt>Irvine, Josephus Somerville</dt>

-<dt>Isbell, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Isbell, William</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Jack, William Houston</dt>

-<dt>Jackson, W. R.</dt>

-<dt>James, Denward</dt>

-<dt>Jaques, Isaac L.</dt>

-<dt>Jennings, James D.</dt>

-<dt>Jett, James Matthew</dt>

-<dt>Jett, Stephen</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, Benjamin</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, George</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, George J.</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, James</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, John R.</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, John R.</dt>

-<dt>Johnston, Thomas F.</dt>

-<dt>Jones, Allen B.</dt>

-<dt>Jones, Dr. Anson</dt>

-<dt>Jones, David J.</dt>

-<dt>Jones, Edward S.</dt>

-<dt>Jones, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Jordan, Alfred S.</dt>

-<dt>Joslin, James</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Karner, John</dt>

-<dt>Karnes, Henry Wax</dt>

-<dt>Kelly, Connell O&rsquo;Donnell</dt>

-<dt>Kelso, Alfred</dt>

-<dt>Kenkennon, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Kennard, William Stephens</dt>

-<dt>Kent, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Kenyon, Amos D.</dt>

-<dt>Kibbe, William</dt>

-<dt>Kimbro, William</dt>

-<dt>Kincheloe, Daniel R.</dt>

-<dt>King, W.</dt>

-<dt>Kleburg, Robert Justus</dt>

-<dt>Kornegay, David Smith</dt>

-<dt>Kraatz, Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, Matthew</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp&rsquo;s</dt>

-<dt>Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte</dt>

-<dt>Lamar, Shelly W.</dt>

-<dt>Lamb, George A.</dt>

-<dt>Lambert, Walter</dt>

-<dt>Lane, Walter Paye</dt>

-<dt>Lang, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Lapham, Moses</dt>

-<dt>Larbarthrier, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Larrison, Allen</dt>

-<dt>Lasater, Francis B.</dt>

-<dt>Lawrence, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Lawrence, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Lealand, James</dt>

-<dt>Leek, George W.</dt>

-<dt>Leeper, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Legg, Seneca</dt>

-<dt>Legrand, Edward Oswald</dt>

-<dt>Lemsky, Frederick</dt>

-<dt>Lessassier, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>Lester, James Seaton</dt>

-<dt>Leuders, Ferdinand</dt>

-<dt>Lewellyn, John</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_40">40</dt>

-<dt>Lewis, Abraham</dt>

-<dt>Lewis, Archibald S.</dt>

-<dt>Lewis, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Lewis, John Edward</dt>

-<dt>Lightfoot, William W.</dt>

-<dt>Lightfoot, Wilson T.</dt>

-<dt>Lind, John F.</dt>

-<dt>Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Loderback, John D.</dt>

-<dt>Logan, William M.</dt>

-<dt>Lolison, Abiah</dt>

-<dt>Lonis, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Loughridge, William Wallace</dt>

-<dt>Love, David Hall</dt>

-<dt>Love, Robert S.</dt>

-<dt>Lowary, John L.</dt>

-<dt>Lupton, Cyrus W.</dt>

-<dt>Lyford, John</dt>

-<dt>Lynch, Nicholas</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Magill, William Harrison</dt>

-<dt>Maiden, Isaac</dt>

-<dt>Maldonado, Juan</dt>

-<dt>Malone, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Mancha, Jose Maria</dt>

-<dt>Manning, James M.</dt>

-<dt>Manuel, Albert C.</dt>

-<dt>Marner, John</dt>

-<dt>Marre, Achelle</dt>

-<dt>Marsh, Alonzo</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, John Ligett</dt>

-<dt>Martin, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Martin, Philip</dt>

-<dt>Mason, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Mason, George W.</dt>

-<dt>Massey, William</dt>

-<dt>Maxwell, Pierre Menard</dt>

-<dt>Maxwell, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Maybee, Jacob</dt>

-<dt>Mays, Ambrose</dt>

-<dt>Mays, Thomas H.</dt>

-<dt>McAllister, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>McClelland, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>McCloskey, Robert D.</dt>

-<dt>McCorlay, Placide B.</dt>

-<dt>McCormick, Joseph Manton</dt>

-<dt>McCoy, John</dt>

-<dt>McCoy, William</dt>

-<dt>McCrabb, John</dt>

-<dt>McCrabb, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>McCullough, Benjamin</dt>

-<dt>McFadin, David Hutcheson</dt>

-<dt>McFarlane, John W. B.</dt>

-<dt>McGary, Daniel H.</dt>

-<dt>McGary, Isaac</dt>

-<dt>McGay, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>McGown, Andrew Jackson</dt>

-<dt>McHorse, John W.</dt>

-<dt>McIntire, Thomas H.</dt>

-<dt>McIntire, William</dt>

-<dt>McKay, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>McKenzie, Hugh</dt>

-<dt>McKinza, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>McKneely, Samuel M.</dt>

-<dt>McLaughlin, Robert</dt>

-<dt>McLaughlin, Stephen</dt>

-<dt>McLean, McDougald</dt>

-<dt>McMillan, Edward</dt>

-<dt>McNeel, Pleasant D.</dt>

-<dt>McNelly, Bennett</dt>

-<dt>McStea, Andrew M.</dt>

-<dt>Menchaca, Jose Antonio</dt>

-<dt>Menefee, John Sutherland</dt>

-<dt>Mercer, Eli</dt>

-<dt>Mercer, Elijah G.</dt>

-<dt>Mercer, George Richie</dt>

-<dt>Merritt, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Merwin, Joseph W.</dt>

-<dt>Miles, Alfred H.</dt>

-<dt>Miles, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Millard, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Millen, William A.</dt>

-<dt>Miller, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Miller, Hugh</dt>

-<dt>Miller, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Miller, William H.</dt>

-<dt>Millerman, Ira</dt>

-<dt>Millett, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Mills, Andrew Granville</dt>

-<dt>Mims, Benjamin Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Minnitt, Joshua.</dt>

-<dt>Mitchell, Alexander S.</dt>

-<dt>Mitchell, James</dt>

-<dt>Mitchell, Nathen</dt>

-<dt>Mitchell, S. B.</dt>

-<dt>Mixon, Noel</dt>

-<dt>Mock, William N.</dt>

-<dt>Molino, Jose</dt>

-<dt>Money, John Hamilton</dt>

-<dt>Montgomery, Andrew M.</dt>

-<dt>Montgomery, John</dt>

-<dt>Montgomery, Robert W.</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Robert D.</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Moore, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Mordorff, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Moreland, Isaac N.</dt>

-<dt>Morgan, Hugh</dt>

-<dt>Morris, Jonathan D.</dt>

-<dt>Morton, John</dt>

-<dt>Mosier, Adam</dt>

-<dt>Moss, John</dt>

-<dt>Moss, Matthew Mark</dt>

-<dt>Mottley, Dr. Junius William</dt>

-<dt>Murphree, David</dt>

-<dt>Murphy, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Murray, William</dt>

-<dt>Myrick, Eliakin P.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Nabers, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Nabers, William</dt>

-<dt>Nash, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno</dt>

-<dt>Neal, John C.</dt>

-<dt>Nealis, Francis</dt>

-<dt>Neill, James Clinton</dt>

-<dt>Nelson, David S.</dt>

-<dt>Nelson, James</dt>

-<dt>Newman, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Noland, Eli</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>O&rsquo;Banion, Jennings</dt>

-<dt>O&rsquo;Connor, Patrick B.</dt>

-<dt>O&rsquo;Connor, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Odem, David</dt>

-<dt>O&rsquo;Driscoll, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>O&rsquo;Neil, John</dt>

-<dt>Orr, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Osborne, Benjamin S.</dt>

-<dt>Ownsby, James P.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Pace, Dempsey Council</dt>

-<dt>Pace, James Robert</dt>

-<dt>Pace, Wesley Walker</dt>

-<dt>Pace, William Carroll</dt>

-<dt>Park, Joseph Belton</dt>

-<dt>Park, William A.</dt>

-<dt>Parker, Dickerson</dt>

-<dt>Parrott, C. W.</dt>

-<dt>Paschall, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Pate, William H.</dt>

-<dt>Patterson, James S.</dt>

-<dt>Patton, St. Clair</dt>

-<dt>Patton, William</dt>

-<dt>Patton, William Hester</dt>

-<dt>Pearce, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Pearce, William J. C.</dt>

-<dt>Peck, Nathaniel</dt>

-<dt>Peck, Nicholas</dt>

-<dt>Peebles, Samuel W.</dt>

-<dt>Pena, Jacinto</dt>

-<dt>Penticost, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Perry, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Perry, James Hazard</dt>

-<dt>Peterson, John</dt>

-<dt>Peterson, William</dt>

-<dt>Pettus, Edward Cratic</dt>

-<dt>Pettus, John Freeman</dt>

-<dt>Petty, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Peveto, Michael, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Phelps, James A. E.</dt>

-<dt>Phillips, Eli</dt>

-<dt>Phillips, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Phillips, Sydney</dt>

-<dt>Pickering, John</dt>

-<dt>Pinchback, James R.</dt>

-<dt>Plaster, Thomas Pliney</dt>

-<dt>Pleasants, John</dt>

-<dt>Plunkett, John</dt>

-<dt>Poe, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Powell, James</dt>

-<dt>Pratt, Thomas A. S.</dt>

-<dt>Proctor, Joseph W.</dt>

-<dt>Pruitt, Levi</dt>

-<dt>Pruitt, Martin</dt>

-<dt>Putnam, Mitchell</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Rainey, Clement</dt>

-<dt>Rainwater, Edwin R.</dt>

-<dt>Ramey, Lawrence</dt>

-<dt>Ramirez, Eduardo</dt>

-<dt>Raymond, Samuel B.</dt>

-<dt>Reaves, Dimer W.</dt>

-<dt>Rector, Claiborne</dt>

-<dt>Rector, Elbridge Gerry</dt>

-<dt>Rector, Pendleton</dt>

-<dt>Redd, William Davis</dt>

-<dt>Reed, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Reed, Nathaniel</dt>

-<dt>Reel, Robert J. W.</dt>

-<dt>Reese, Charles Keller</dt>

-<dt>Reese, Washington Perry</dt>

-<dt>Rheinhart, Asa</dt>

-<dt>Rhodes, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Rial, John W.</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_41">41</dt>

-<dt>Richardson, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Richardson, John</dt>

-<dt>Richardson, Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Richardson, William</dt>

-<dt>Ripley, Phineas</dt>

-<dt>Robbins, John</dt>

-<dt>Robbins, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Roberts, David</dt>

-<dt>Roberts, Zion</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, James W.</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, Thomas Jefferson</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, William</dt>

-<dt>Robison, Joel Walter</dt>

-<dt>Rockwell, Chester B.</dt>

-<dt>Rodriquez, Ambrosio</dt>

-<dt>Roeder, Louis Von</dt>

-<dt>Roman, Richard</dt>

-<dt>Rounds, Lyman Frank</dt>

-<dt>Rowe, James</dt>

-<dt>Ruddell, John</dt>

-<dt>Rudder, Nathaniel</dt>

-<dt>Rusk, David</dt>

-<dt>Rusk, Thomas Jefferson</dt>

-<dt>Russell, Robert Benedict</dt>

-<dt>Ryans, Thomas</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Sadler, John</dt>

-<dt>Sadler, William Turner</dt>

-<dt>Sanders, John</dt>

-<dt>Sanders, Uriah</dt>

-<dt>Sanett, D. Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Sayers, John</dt>

-<dt>Scallorn, John Wesley</dt>

-<dt>Scarborough, Paul</dt>

-<dt>Scates, William Bennett</dt>

-<dt>Scott, David</dt>

-<dt>Scott, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Scurry, Richardson A.</dt>

-<dt>Seaton, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Secrest, Fielding Grundy</dt>

-<dt>Secrest, Washington Hampton</dt>

-<dt>Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno</dt>

-<dt>Self, George</dt>

-<dt>Sergent, W.</dt>

-<dt>Sevey, Manasseh</dt>

-<dt>Sevey, Ralph E.</dt>

-<dt>Shain, Charles B.</dt>

-<dt>Sharp, John</dt>

-<dt>Shaw, James</dt>

-<dt>Sherman, Sidney</dt>

-<dt>Shesten, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Shreve, John Milton</dt>

-<dt>Shupe, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Sigmon, Abel</dt>

-<dt>Simmons, William</dt>

-<dt>Slack, Joseph H.</dt>

-<dt>Slayton, John</dt>

-<dt>Smith, Benjamin Fort</dt>

-<dt>Smith, Erastus</dt>

-<dt>Smith, George</dt>

-<dt>Smith, James Monroe</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John N. O.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, Leander</dt>

-<dt>Smith, Maxlin</dt>

-<dt>Smith, Robert W.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William C.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William H.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William M.</dt>

-<dt>Snell, Martin Kingsley</dt>

-<dt>Snyder, Asberry McKendree</dt>

-<dt>Somervell, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>Sovereign, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Sparks, Stephen Franklin</dt>

-<dt>Spicer, Joseph A.</dt>

-<dt>Spillman, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Stancell, John F.</dt>

-<dt>Standifer, Jacob Littleton</dt>

-<dt>Standifer, William Bailey</dt>

-<dt>Stibbins, Charles C.</dt>

-<dt>Steel, Maxwell</dt>

-<dt>Steele, Alfonso</dt>

-<dt>Stephens, Ashley R.</dt>

-<dt>Stephenson, John Allen</dt>

-<dt>Stevenson, R.</dt>

-<dt>Stevenson, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Stewart, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Stewart, James</dt>

-<dt>Stilwell, William S.</dt>

-<dt>Stouffer, Henry S.</dt>

-<dt>Stout, William B.</dt>

-<dt>Stroh, Phillip</dt>

-<dt>Stroud, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Stump, John S.</dt>

-<dt>Sullivan, Dennis</dt>

-<dt>Summers, William W.</dt>

-<dt>Sutherland, George</dt>

-<dt>Swain, William L.</dt>

-<dt>Swearingen, Valentine Wesley</dt>

-<dt>Swearingen, William C.</dt>

-<dt>Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson</dt>

-<dt>Sweeny, William Burrell</dt>

-<dt>Swift, Hugh Montgomery</dt>

-<dt>Swisher, Henry H.</dt>

-<dt>Swisher, John Milton</dt>

-<dt>Sylvester, James Austin</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Tanner, Edward M.</dt>

-<dt>Tarin, Manuel</dt>

-<dt>Tarlton, James</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, Abraham R.</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, Campbell</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, Edward W.</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, John N.</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Taylor, William S.</dt>

-<dt>Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Thomas, Algernon P.</dt>

-<dt>Thompson, Charles P.</dt>

-<dt>Thompson, Cyrus W.</dt>

-<dt>Thompson, James B.</dt>

-<dt>Thompson, Jesse G.</dt>

-<dt>Threadgill, Joshua</dt>

-<dt>Tierwester, Henry H.</dt>

-<dt>Tindale, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Tindall, William Pike</dt>

-<dt>Tinsley, James W.</dt>

-<dt>Tom, John Files</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, Spencer Burton</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, Stephen</dt>

-<dt>Trask, Olwyn J.</dt>

-<dt>Trenary, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Tumlinson, John James</dt>

-<dt>Turnage, Shelby C.</dt>

-<dt>Turner, Amasa</dt>

-<dt>Tyler, Charles C.</dt>

-<dt>Tyler, Robert D.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Usher, Patrick</dt>

-<dt>Utley, Thomas C.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Vandeveer, Logan</dt>

-<dt>Van Winkle, John</dt>

-<dt>Vermillion, Joseph D.</dt>

-<dt>Vinator, James</dt>

-<dt>Viven, John</dt>

-<dt>Votaw, Elijah</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Wade, John Marshall</dt>

-<dt>Waldron, C. W.</dt>

-<dt>Walker, James</dt>

-<dt>Walker, Martin</dt>

-<dt>Walker, Philip</dt>

-<dt>Walker, William S.</dt>

-<dt>Walling, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Walmsley, James</dt>

-<dt>Walnut, Francis</dt>

-<dt>Wardziski, Felix</dt>

-<dt>Ware, William</dt>

-<dt>Waters, George</dt>

-<dt>Waters, William</dt>

-<dt>Watkins, James E.</dt>

-<dt>Watson, Dexter</dt>

-<dt>Webb, George</dt>

-<dt>Webb, Thomas H.</dt>

-<dt>Weedon, George</dt>

-<dt>Welch, James</dt>

-<dt>Wells, James A.</dt>

-<dt>Wells, Lysander</dt>

-<dt>Weppler, Phillip</dt>

-<dt>Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf</dt>

-<dt>Westgate, Ezra C.</dt>

-<dt>Wharton, James</dt>

-<dt>Wharton, John Austin</dt>

-<dt>Wheeler, Samuel L.</dt>

-<dt>Whitaker, Madison G.</dt>

-<dt>White, John Carey</dt>

-<dt>White, Joseph E.</dt>

-<dt>White, Levi W.</dt>

-<dt>Whitesides, Elisha S.</dt>

-<dt>Wilcox, Ozwin</dt>

-<dt>Wilder, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Wildy, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Wilkinson, Freeman</dt>

-<dt>Wilkinson, James</dt>

-<dt>Wilkinson, James G., Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Wilkinson, John</dt>

-<dt>Wilkinson, Leroy</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Charles</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Francis F.</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Hezekiah Reams</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Matthew R.</dt>

-<dt>Williams, William F.</dt>

-<dt>Williamson, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Williamson, Robert McAlpin</dt>

-<dt>Willoughby, Leiper</dt>

-<dt>Wilmouth, Louis</dt>

-<dt>Wilson, James</dt>

-<dt>Wilson, Thomas</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_42">42</dt>

-<dt>Wilson, Walker</dt>

-<dt>Winburn, McHenry</dt>

-<dt>Winn, Walter</dt>

-<dt>Winters, James Washington</dt>

-<dt>Winters, John Frelan</dt>

-<dt>Winters, William Carvin</dt>

-<dt>Wood, Edward B.</dt>

-<dt>Wood, William</dt>

-<dt>Woodlief, Deveraux J.</dt>

-<dt>Woods, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>Woodward, F. Marion</dt>

-<dt>Woolsey, Abner W.</dt>

-<dt>Wright, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Wright, Rufus</dt>

-<dt>Wyly, Alfred Henderson</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Yancy, John</dt>

-<dt>Yarborough, Swanson</dt>

-<dt>York, James Allison</dt>

-<dt>Young, William Foster</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Zumwalt, Andrew</dt></dl>

-<p class="tb">Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers

-and men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established

-opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades

-who guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main

-army.</p>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Abbott, Calvin P.</dt>

-<dt>Abbott, Launcelot</dt>

-<dt>Allphin, Ransom</dt>

-<dt>Anderson, John D.</dt>

-<dt>Anderson, John W.</dt>

-<dt>Anderson, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Anderson, Thomas P.</dt>

-<dt>Atkinson, John</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Baker, Walter Elias</dt>

-<dt>Barker, William</dt>

-<dt>Bartlett, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Beams, Obediah P.</dt>

-<dt>Belcher, Isham G.</dt>

-<dt>Bennett, James</dt>

-<dt>Benton, Jesse, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Berry, John Bate</dt>

-<dt>Black, Albert</dt>

-<dt>Blaylock, James B.</dt>

-<dt>Blount, Stephen William</dt>

-<dt>Bomar, Dr. William W.</dt>

-<dt>Bond, George</dt>

-<dt>Bostick, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Box, Stilwell</dt>

-<dt>Boyce, Jeptha</dt>

-<dt>Bracey, McLin</dt>

-<dt>Bradley, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Breeding, John</dt>

-<dt>Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte</dt>

-<dt>Brown, Alexander</dt>

-<dt>Brown, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Bryody, Patrick</dt>

-<dt>Burch, James</dt>

-<dt>Burch, Valentine</dt>

-<dt>Burditt, Newell W.</dt>

-<dt>Burditt, William Buck</dt>

-<dt>Burleson, Jonathan</dt>

-<dt>Burtrang, Thomas</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Campbell, David Wilson</dt>

-<dt>Campbell, Heil Otem</dt>

-<dt>Campbell, John</dt>

-<dt>Campbell, Rufus Easton</dt>

-<dt>Cannon, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Caruthers, Young</dt>

-<dt>Casey, George M.</dt>

-<dt>Castleman, Jacob</dt>

-<dt>Chamberlin, Willard</dt>

-<dt>Chance, Joseph Bell</dt>

-<dt>Chelaup, James K.</dt>

-<dt>Childress, James R.</dt>

-<dt>Cockrell, John R.</dt>

-<dt>Coe, Philip Haddox</dt>

-<dt>Cole, James</dt>

-<dt>Collard, James Hillness</dt>

-<dt>Collard, Jonathan S.</dt>

-<dt>Connell, David C.</dt>

-<dt>Conner, Evan</dt>

-<dt>Cook, Octavious A.</dt>

-<dt>Cottle, Sylvanus</dt>

-<dt>Cox, Phillip</dt>

-<dt>Crawford, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Crier, Andrew</dt>

-<dt>Crownover, Arter</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Darst, Emory Holman</dt>

-<dt>Davis, John</dt>

-<dt>Davis, William Francis H.</dt>

-<dt>Dickinson, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Douglass, Freeman Walker</dt>

-<dt>Douglass, Jonathan</dt>

-<dt>Duff, James Carson</dt>

-<dt>Dunn, Josiah G.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Emmons, Calvin Brallery</dt>

-<dt>Etheridge, Godfrey</dt>

-<dt>Evans, Moses</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Farley, Massillon</dt>

-<dt>Farnsworth, Oliver</dt>

-<dt>Finley, Benjamin C.</dt>

-<dt>Fisk, Greenleaf</dt>

-<dt>Fitzgerald, Lankford</dt>

-<dt>Francis, Miller</dt>

-<dt>Freed, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Freeman, Thomas</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Gillett, Samuel S.</dt>

-<dt>Goolsey, William G.</dt>

-<dt>Gordon, James</dt>

-<dt>Gorham, Isaac</dt>

-<dt>Gorham, William</dt>

-<dt>Granville, Benjamin</dt>

-<dt>Gravis, John A. F.</dt>

-<dt>Grimes, Frederick Miller</dt>

-<dt>Grimes, George W.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Haggard, Henry H.</dt>

-<dt>Hale, Jonas</dt>

-<dt>Hallmark, Alfred M.</dt>

-<dt>Harbour, John Monroe</dt>

-<dt>Harbour, T. J.</dt>

-<dt>Hardin, Ennis</dt>

-<dt>Harris, Isaac</dt>

-<dt>Hatfield, Basil Muse</dt>

-<dt>Head, Wiley M.</dt>

-<dt>Hensley, John M.</dt>

-<dt>Hill, David</dt>

-<dt>Hill, William Warner</dt>

-<dt>Hinds, James B.</dt>

-<dt>Hodge, Archibald</dt>

-<dt>Hodge, James</dt>

-<dt>Hodge, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Hodge, William</dt>

-<dt>Holcombe, James J.</dt>

-<dt>Hollingsworth, James</dt>

-<dt>Hope, Richard</dt>

-<dt>Hughes, James</dt>

-<dt>Hunter, Robert Hancock</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Jackson, Joseph</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, Joseph Ranson</dt>

-<dt>Johnson, Nathan B.</dt>

-<dt>Jones, Keeton McLemore</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Kemp, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Kennard, William Everett</dt>

-<dt>Kenney, William H.</dt>

-<dt>Kerr, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Kokernot, Daniel L.</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, Adam</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, Brazilla</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, Gibson</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, H. A.</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, James Hampton</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, John</dt>

-<dt>Kuykendall, Thornton S.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Law, Garret</dt>

-<dt>Lee, Hiram</dt>

-<dt>Lee, Theodore Staunton</dt>

-<dt>Lightfoot, Henry L.</dt>

-<dt>Litton, Addison</dt>

-<dt>Litton, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Litton, John</dt>

-<dt>Liverall, A.</dt>

-<dt>Lloyd, Peterson</dt>

-<dt class="pb" id="Page_43">43</dt>

-<dt>Lynch, Joseph Penn</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Manning, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Mantin, L.</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, Elias J.</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, Hugh Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, John, Jr.</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, Joseph Taylor</dt>

-<dt>Marshall, Samuel B.</dt>

-<dt>Mather, Elisha</dt>

-<dt>Maurry, James</dt>

-<dt>McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey</dt>

-<dt>McFaddin, Nathaniel A.</dt>

-<dt>McFadin, William M.</dt>

-<dt>McFall, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>McGown, Samuel</dt>

-<dt>McIntire, William</dt>

-<dt>McLaughlin, James</dt>

-<dt>McLaughlin, William</dt>

-<dt>McMaster, William</dt>

-<dt>McMillan, Andrew</dt>

-<dt>McMillan, James</dt>

-<dt>McNutt, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Means, William</dt>

-<dt>Merritt, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Azariah G.</dt>

-<dt>Moore, John D.</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Lewis</dt>

-<dt>Moore, Morris</dt>

-<dt>Morris, Burrel</dt>

-<dt>Morris, George</dt>

-<dt>Morris, James H.</dt>

-<dt>Morris, Spencer</dt>

-<dt>Newton, John</dt>

-<dt>Norment, Thomas</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Owen, James D.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Page, Soloman Calvin</dt>

-<dt>Parker, Wiley</dt>

-<dt>Peebles, Richard Rodgers</dt>

-<dt>Pennington, J. M.</dt>

-<dt>Perry, Sion W.</dt>

-<dt>Perry, William M.</dt>

-<dt>Pettus, William</dt>

-<dt>Pevehouse, Preston</dt>

-<dt>Pier, James B.</dt>

-<dt>Pleasants, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Polk, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Polk, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Potts, R.</dt>

-<dt>Prewitt, Elisha</dt>

-<dt>Price, Hardy William Brown</dt>

-<dt>Price, Perry</dt>

-<dt>Price, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Price, William</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Rankin, David</dt>

-<dt>Raper, Daniel</dt>

-<dt>Reamos, Sherwood Y.</dt>

-<dt>Rhodes, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Rhorer, Conrad</dt>

-<dt>Ricks, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Robbins, Early</dt>

-<dt>Roberts, Stephen R.</dt>

-<dt>Robertson, Sterling Clack</dt>

-<dt>Robinett, Enoch</dt>

-<dt>Robinett, James M.</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, Benjamin W.</dt>

-<dt>Robinson, James</dt>

-<dt>Rowlett, Alexander W.</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Scaggs, John H.</dt>

-<dt>Scott, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Seaton, George Washington</dt>

-<dt>Sharp, John</dt>

-<dt>Simpson, Jeremiah W.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, John G.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William A.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William P.</dt>

-<dt>Smith, William W.</dt>

-<dt>Snodgrass, J. G.</dt>

-<dt>Splane, Peyton R.</dt>

-<dt>Splane, Thomas M.</dt>

-<dt>Stephens, John</dt>

-<dt>Stevenson, Thomas B.</dt>

-<dt>Swoap, Benjamin Franklin</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Taylor, Josiah</dt>

-<dt>Teal, Henry</dt>

-<dt>Thompson, Thomas</dt>

-<dt>Tinnett, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Tollett, Wesley</dt>

-<dt>Tong, John B.</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, Moses</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, P. John</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, Stephen</dt>

-<dt>Townsend, William</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Vardeman, Henry W.</dt>

-<dt>Varner, Martin</dt>

-<dt>Vaughan, Richard</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Walker, John</dt>

-<dt>Walker, Josiah</dt>

-<dt>Walling, John C.</dt>

-<dt>Whitehead, Nicholas</dt>

-<dt>Whitlock, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Wilburn, Ransom</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Edward</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.</dt>

-<dt>Williams, Jesse</dt>

-<dt>Winnett, Robert</dt>

-<dt>Winters, Agabus</dt>

-<dt>Wood, William Riley</dt>

-<dt>Woods, Joseph H.</dt>

-<dt>Wright, Gilbert</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Yarborough, Joseph Randolph</dt></dl>

-<dl class="undent"><dt>Zuber, William Physick</dt></dl>

-<h2 id="c17"><span class="small">ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</span></h2>

-<p>Frontispiece &ldquo;Battle of San Jacinto&rdquo; is a photograph of a painting by

-Henry A. McArdle.</p>

-<p>Sam Houston&rsquo;s picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching

-made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.</p>

-<p>Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the

-inscriptions.</p>

-<p>Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype in

-the Museum.</p>

-<p>The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender

-marker also are by Paul Peters.</p>

-<p>The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of

-a painting by W. H. Huddle.</p>

-<p>The map showing the route of Sam Houston&rsquo;s army was drawn by L. W.

-Kemp. Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.</p>

-<div class="pb" id="Page_44">44</div>

-<div class="img" id="fig10">

-<img src="images/p13.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="704" />

-<p class="pcap">Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield in memory of

-the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San Jacinto.</p>

-<p class="pcapc">The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet

-in circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters

-of the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and

-was dedicated April 21, 1940.</p>

-</div>

-<h2 id="c18"><span class="small">Footnotes</span></h2>

-<div class="fnblock"><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_1" href="#fr_1">[1]</a>This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian John Henry

-Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he owned which was situated in the

-present county of Grimes, and known as &ldquo;Groce&rsquo;s Retreat.&rdquo;

-</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_2" href="#fr_2">[2]</a>Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the battle said the

-battle cry was &ldquo;Remember the Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Remember La Bahia!&rdquo;

-</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_3" href="#fr_3">[3]</a>With &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young P. Alsbury, John

-Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R. Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.

-</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_4" href="#fr_4">[4]</a>In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said 783 Texans took part.

-Yet in a roster published later he listed 845 officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight

-omitted Captain Alfred H. Wyly&rsquo;s Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,

-Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point. Conclusive evidence in

-official records brings the total number at San Jacinto up to 910.

-</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_5" href="#fr_5">[5]</a>Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was &ldquo;Yankee Doodle.&rdquo;

-</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_6" href="#fr_6">[6]</a>With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison, Joseph D. Vermillion,

-Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.

-</div>

-</div>

-<h2>Transcriber&rsquo;s Notes</h2>

-<ul>

-<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li>

-<li>Silently corrected a few palpable typos.</li>

-<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li>

-</ul>

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-<pre>

-

-

-

-

-

-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San

-Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp

-

-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***

-

-***** This file should be named 57849-h.htm or 57849-h.zip *****

-This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:

-        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/

-

-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

-

-Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will

-be renamed.

-

-Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright

-law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,

-so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United

-States without permission and without paying copyright

-royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part

-of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm

-concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,

-and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive

-specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this

-eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook

-for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,

-performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given

-away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks

-not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the

-trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

-

-START: FULL LICENSE

-

-THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

-PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

-

-To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free

-distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work

-(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full

-Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at

-www.gutenberg.org/license.

-

-Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-

-1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to

-and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property

-(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all

-the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or

-destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your

-possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a

-Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound

-by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the

-person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph

-1.E.8.

-

-1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be

-used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who

-agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few

-things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See

-paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this

-agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

-

-1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the

-Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection

-of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual

-works in the collection are in the public domain in the United

-States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the

-United States and you are located in the United States, we do not

-claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,

-displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as

-all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope

-that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting

-free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm

-works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the

-Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily

-comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the

-same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when

-you share it without charge with others.

-

-1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern

-what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are

-in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,

-check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this

-agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,

-distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any

-other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no

-representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any

-country outside the United States.

-

-1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

-

-1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

-immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear

-prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work

-on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the

-phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,

-performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

-

-  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and

-  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no

-  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it

-  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this

-  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the

-  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you

-  are located before using this ebook.

-

-1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is

-derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not

-contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the

-copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in

-the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are

-redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project

-Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply

-either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or

-obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted

-with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution

-must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any

-additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms

-will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works

-posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the

-beginning of this work.

-

-1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this

-work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

-

-1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

-electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without

-prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with

-active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm License.

-

-1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,

-compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including

-any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access

-to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format

-other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official

-version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site

-(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense

-to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means

-of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain

-Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the

-full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

-

-1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

-performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works

-unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

-

-1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

-access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works

-provided that

-

-* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from

-  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method

-  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed

-  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has

-  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid

-  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are

-  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty

-  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project

-  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in

-  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg

-  Literary Archive Foundation."

-

-* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies

-  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he

-  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm

-  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all

-  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue

-  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm

-  works.

-

-* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

-  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the

-  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of

-  receipt of the work.

-

-* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free

-  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

-

-1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than

-are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing

-from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The

-Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm

-trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

-

-1.F.

-

-1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable

-effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread

-works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project

-Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may

-contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate

-or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other

-intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or

-other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or

-cannot be read by your equipment.

-

-1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right

-of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project

-Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all

-liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal

-fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT

-LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE

-PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE

-TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE

-LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR

-INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH

-DAMAGE.

-

-1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a

-defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can

-receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a

-written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you

-received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium

-with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you

-with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in

-lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person

-or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second

-opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If

-the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing

-without further opportunities to fix the problem.

-

-1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth

-in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO

-OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT

-LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

-

-1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

-warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of

-damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement

-violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the

-agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or

-limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or

-unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the

-remaining provisions.

-

-1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the

-trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone

-providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in

-accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the

-production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm

-electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,

-including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of

-the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this

-or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or

-additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any

-Defect you cause.

-

-Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of

-electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of

-computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It

-exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations

-from people in all walks of life.

-

-Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

-assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's

-goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will

-remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project

-Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure

-and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future

-generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see

-Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at

-www.gutenberg.org

-

-

-

-Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

-

-The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit

-501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the

-state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal

-Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification

-number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by

-U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

-

-The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the

-mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its

-volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous

-locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt

-Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to

-date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and

-official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

-

-For additional contact information:

-

-    Dr. Gregory B. Newby

-    Chief Executive and Director

-    gbnewby@pglaf.org

-

-Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg

-Literary Archive Foundation

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide

-spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of

-increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be

-freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest

-array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations

-($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt

-status with the IRS.

-

-The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

-charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United

-States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a

-considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up

-with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations

-where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND

-DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular

-state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we

-have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition

-against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who

-approach us with offers to donate.

-

-International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

-any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from

-outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

-

-Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation

-methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other

-ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To

-donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate

-

-Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.

-

-Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project

-Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be

-freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and

-distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of

-volunteer support.

-

-Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed

-editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in

-the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not

-necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper

-edition.

-

-Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search

-facility: www.gutenberg.org

-

-This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,

-including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary

-Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to

-subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

-

-

-

-</pre>

-

-</body>

-</html>

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+<title>The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign, by L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman: a Project Gutenberg eBook</title>
+<meta name="author" content="L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman" />
+<meta name="pss.pubdate" content="1947" />
+<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
+<link rel="spine" href="images/spine.jpg" />
+<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/" />
+<meta name="DC.Title" content="The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign" />
+<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
+<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
+<meta name="DC.Created" content="1947" />
+<meta name="DC.Creator" content="L. W. Kemp (****-****)" />
+<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Ed Kilman (****-****)" />
+<style type="text/css">
+large { font-size:125%; }
+sc    { font-variant:small-caps; font-style: normal; }
+
+/* == GLOBAL MARKUP == */
+body, table.twocol tr td  { margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; }   /* BODY */
+.box     { border-style:double; margin-bottom:2em; max-width:30em; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-top:2em; }
+.box p   { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; }
+.box dl  { margin-right:1em; margin-left:1em; }
+h1, h2, h3, h5, h6, .titlepg p { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; }   /* HEADINGS */
+h2                { margin-top:1.5em; margin-bottom:1em; }
+h1                { margin-top:3em; }
+div.box h1        { margin-top:1em; }
+h3                { margin-top:2.5em; font-size:80%; }
+h4, h5            { font-size:100%; text-align:center; clear:right; }
+h6                { font-size:100%; }
+h6.var            { font-size:80%; font-style:normal; }
+.titlepg          { margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border-style:double; clear:both; }
+span.chaptertitle { font-style:normal; display:block; text-align:center; font-size:150%; text-indent:0; }
+.tblttl           { text-align:center; text-indent:0;}
+.tblsttl          { text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; }
+
+pre sub.ms { width:4em; letter-spacing:1em; }
+table.fmla { text-align:center; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; }
+table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; }
+td.cola           { text-align:left; vertical-align:100%; }
+td.colb           { text-align:justify; }
+
+p, blockquote, div.p, div.bq { text-align:justify; }                              /* PARAGRAPHS */
+div.p, div.bq   { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; }
+blockquote, .bq { margin-left:1em; margin-right:0em; }
+.verse    { font-size:100%; }
+p.indent  {text-indent:2em; text-align:left; }
+p.tb, p.tbcenter, verse.tb, blockquote.tb      { margin-top:2em; }
+
+span.pb, div.pb, dt.pb, p.pb                   /* PAGE BREAKS */
+{ text-align:right; float:right; margin-right:0em; clear:right; }
+div.pb { display:inline; }
+.pb, dt.pb, dl.toc dt.pb, dl.tocl dt.pb, dl.undent dt.pb, dl.index dt.pb    { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left: 1.5em;
+         margin-top:.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; display:inline; text-indent:0;
+         font-size:80%; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;
+         color:gray; border:1px solid gray;padding:1px 3px; }
+div.index .pb  { display:block; }
+.bq  div.pb, .bq span.pb  { font-size:90%; margin-right:2em; }
+
+div.img, body a img  {text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em; clear:right; }
+
+sup, a.fn { font-size:75%; vertical-align:100%; line-height:50%; font-weight:normal; }
+h3   a.fn { font-size:65%; }
+sub { font-size:75%; }
+.center, .tbcenter       { text-align:center; clear:both; text-indent:0; }                  /* TEXTUAL MARKUP */
+span.center              { display:block; }
+table.center { clear:both; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; }
+table.center tr td.l  {text-align:left; margin-left:0em; }
+table.center tr td.j  {text-align:justify; }
+table.center tr td.ltab { text-align:left; width:2em; }
+table.center tr td.t  {text-align:left; text-indent:1em; }
+table.center tr td.t2 {text-align:left; text-indent:2em; }
+table.center tr td.r  {text-align:right; }
+table.center tr th    {vertical-align:bottom; }
+table.center tr td    {vertical-align:top; }
+table.inline, table.symbol { display: inline-table; vertical-align: middle; }
+
+p           { clear:left; }
+.small, .lsmall      { font-size:90%; }
+.smaller    { font-size:80%; }
+.smallest   { font-size:67%; }
+.larger     { font-size:150%; }
+.large      { font-size:125%; }
+.xlarge     { font-size:200%; line-height:60%; }
+.xxlarge    { font-size:200%; line-height:60%; }
+.gs         { letter-spacing:1em; }
+.gs3        { letter-spacing:2em; }
+.gslarge    { letter-spacing:.3em; font-size:110%; }
+.sc         { font-variant:small-caps; font-style:normal; }
+.unbold     { font-weight:normal; }
+.xo         { position:relative; left:-.3em; }
+.over, over { text-decoration: overline; display:inline; }
+hr          { width:20%; }
+hr.dwide    { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; width:90%; }
+.jl         { text-align:left; }
+.jr         { text-align:right; min-width:2em; display:inline-block; float:right; }
+.jr1        { text-align:right; margin-right:2em; }
+h1 .jr      { margin-right:.5em; }
+.ind1       { text-align:left;  margin-left:2em; }
+.u          { text-decoration:underline; }
+.hst        { margin-left:2em; }
+.rubric     { color:red; }
+.cnwhite    { color:white; background-color:black; min-width:2em; display:inline-block;
+              text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-family:sans-serif; }
+.cwhite     { color:white; background-color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;
+              font-family:sans-serif; }
+ul  li      { text-align:justify; }
+u.dbl       { text-decoration:underline; }
+.ss         { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; }
+p.revint    { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }
+
+dd.t           { text-align:left; margin-left: 5.5em; }
+dl.toc         { clear:both; margin-top:1em; }                    /* CONTENTS (.TOC) */
+.toc  dt.center    { text-align:center; clear:both; margin-top:3em; margin-bottom:1em; text-indent:0;}
+.toc  dt      { text-align:right; clear:left; }
+.toc  dd      { text-align:right; clear:both; }
+.toc  dd.ddt  { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:4em; }
+.toc  dd.ddt2 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:5em; }
+.toc  dd.ddt3 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:6em; }
+.toc  dd.ddt4 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:7em; }
+.toc  dd.ddt5 { text-align:right; clear:both; margin-left:8em; }
+.toc  dd.note { text-align:justify; clear:both; margin-left:5em; text-indent:-1em; margin-right:3em; }
+.toc  dt .xxxtest {width:17em; display:block; position:relative; left:4em; }
+.toc  dt  a,
+.toc  dd  a,
+.toc dt span.left,
+.toc dt span.lsmall,
+.toc dd span.left { text-align:left; clear:right; float:left; }
+.toc  dt  a  span.cn { width:4em; text-align:right; margin-right:.7em;  float:left; }
+.toc  dt.sc   { text-align:right;  clear:both; }
+.toc  dt.scl  { text-align:left;   clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; }
+.toc  dt.sct  { text-align:right;  clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; margin-left:1em; }
+.toc  dt.jl   { text-align:left;   clear:both; font-variant:normal; }
+.toc  dt.scc  { text-align:center; clear:both; font-variant:small-caps; text-indent:0; }
+.toc  dt span.lj { text-align:left; display:block; float:left; }
+.toc  dd.center { text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+dd.tocsummary {text-align:justify; margin-right:2em; margin-left:2em; }
+dd.center sc  {display:block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+/* BOX CELL */
+td.top { border-top:1px    solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; }
+td.bot { border-bottom:1px solid; width:.5em; height:.8em; }
+td.rb  { border:1px solid; border-left:none;  width:.5em; height:.8em;  }
+td.lb  { border:1px solid; border-right:none; width:.5em; height:.8em;  }
+
+/* INDEX (.INDEX) */
+dl.index   { clear:both; }
+.index dt  { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }
+.index dd  { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }
+.index dd.t  { margin-left:6em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left; }
+.index dt.center {text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+
+.ab, .ab1, .ab2 {
+font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none;
+border-style:solid; border-color:gray; border-width:1px;
+margin-right:0px; margin-top:5px; display:inline-block; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+.ab { width:1em; }
+.ab2 { width:1.5em; }
+a.gloss { background-color:#f2f2f2; border-bottom-style:dotted; text-decoration:none; border-color:#c0c0c0; color:inherit; }
+                                                           /* FOOTNOTE BLOCKS */
+div.notes p  { margin-left:1em; text-indent:-1em; text-align:justify; }
+
+dl.undent dd   { margin-left:3em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; }
+dl.undent dt   { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; }
+dl.undent dd.t { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; }
+                                                           /* POETRY LINE NUMBER */
+.lnum   { text-align:right; float:right; margin-left:.5em; display:inline; }
+
+.hymn     { text-align:left; }                                  /*  HYMN AND VERSE: HTML  */
+.verse    { text-align:left; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; }
+.versetb  { text-align:left; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:0em; }
+.originc  { text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+.subttl   { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; }
+.srcttl   { text-align:center; font-size:80%; text-indent:0; font-weight:bold; }
+p.lc      { text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; }
+p.t0, p.l { margin-left:4em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.lb                 { margin-left:4em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.tw, div.tw, .tw    { margin-left:1em;  text-indent:-1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t,  div.t,  .t     { margin-left:5em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t2,  div.t2,  .t2  { margin-left:6em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t3,  div.t3,  .t3  { margin-left:7em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t4,  div.t4,  .t4  { margin-left:8em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t5,  div.t5,  .t5  { margin-left:9em;  text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t6,  div.t6,  .t6  { margin-left:10em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t7,  div.t7,  .t7  { margin-left:11em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t8,  div.t8,  .t8  { margin-left:12em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t9,  div.t9,  .t9  { margin-left:13em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t10, div.t10,.t10  { margin-left:14em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t11, div.t11,.t11  { margin-left:15em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t12, div.t12,.t12  { margin-left:16em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t13, div.t13,.t13  { margin-left:17em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t14, div.t14,.t14  { margin-left:18em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.t15, div.t15,.t15  { margin-left:19em; text-indent:-3em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:left; }
+p.lr, div.lr, span.lr { display:block; margin-left:0em; margin-right:1em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-align:right; }
+dt.lr                { width:100%; margin-left:0em; margin-right:0em; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:1em; text-align:right; }
+dl dt.lr a           { text-align:left; clear:left; float:left; }
+
+.fnblock   { margin-top:2em; }
+.fndef, p.fn     { text-align:justify; margin-top:1.5em; margin-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; }
+.fndef p.fncont, .fndef dl { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em; }
+.fnblock dl  { margin-top:0; margin-left:4em; text-indent:-2em; }
+.fnblock dt  { text-align:justify; }
+dl.catalog dd { font-style:italic; }
+dl.catalog dt { margin-top:1em; }
+.author { text-align:right; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; display:block; }
+
+dl.biblio  dt        { margin-top:.6em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; }
+dl.biblio  dt  div   { display:block; float:left; margin-left:-6em; width:6em; clear:both; }
+dl.biblio  dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; }
+dl.biblio  dd        { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; }
+p.biblio             { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }
+.clear     { clear:both; }
+p.book     { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; }
+p.review   { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; }
+p.pcap     { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; font-family:sans-serif; }
+p.pcapc    { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em; text-align:center; font-family:sans-serif; }
+span.pn    { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign
+
+Author: Edward Wolf Kilman
+        Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+Release Date: September 4, 2018 [EBook #57849]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div id="cover" class="img">
+<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign" width="500" height="755" />
+</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig1">
+<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="448" />
+<p class="pcap">THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO</p>
+</div>
+<div class="box">
+<h1>THE BATTLE OF
+<br />SAN JACINTO
+<br /><span class="smallest"><i>and the</i></span>
+<br /><span class="smaller">SAN JACINTO CAMPAIGN</span></h1>
+<div class="img">
+<img src="images/p01a.jpg" alt="Flags" width="400" height="429" />
+</div>
+<p class="center"><span class="sc">by
+<br />L. W. Kemp and Ed Kilman</span></p>
+</div>
+<p class="center smaller">COPYRIGHT, 1947
+<br />by
+<br />L. W. KEMP and ED KILMAN
+<br />Second Printing</p>
+<p class="center smaller">Printed in the United States of America
+<br />The Webb Printing Co., Inc., Houston</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div>
+<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">The Battle of San Jacinto</span>
+<br /><span class="smaller"><i>and the</i></span>
+<br />San Jacinto Campaign</h2>
+<h3 id="c2">FOREWORD</h3>
+<p>San Jacinto, birthplace of Texas liberty!... San Jacinto,
+one of the world&rsquo;s decisive battles!... San Jacinto, where,
+with cries of &ldquo;Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!&rdquo;
+Sam Houston and his ragged band of 910 pioneers routed Antonio
+Lopez de Santa Anna, President and Dictator of Mexico and self-styled
+&ldquo;Napoleon of the West,&rdquo; with his proud army, and
+changed the map of North America!</p>
+<p>Here is a story that has thrilled Texans for more than a century
+... a story of desperate valor and high adventure; of grim
+hardship, tragedy and romance ... the story of the epochal battle
+that established the independent Lone Star Republic, on April
+21, 1836, and indelibly inscribed the names of Texas patriots on
+history&rsquo;s scroll of American immortals.</p>
+<p>The actual battle of San Jacinto lasted less than twenty minutes,
+but it was in the making for six years. It had its prelude
+in the oppressive Mexican edict of April 6, 1830, prohibiting further
+emigration of Anglo-Americans from the United States to
+Texas; in the disturbance at Anahuac and in the battle of Velasco,
+in 1832; in the imprisonment of Stephen F. Austin, the
+&ldquo;Father of Texas,&rdquo; in Mexico in 1834.</p>
+<p>Immediate preliminaries were the skirmish over a cannon at
+Gonzales, the capture of Goliad, the &ldquo;Grass Fight,&rdquo; and the siege
+and capture of San Antonio ... all in 1835. The Texas Declaration
+of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2,
+1836, officially signalized the revolution.</p>
+<h3 id="c3">RETREAT FROM GONZALES</h3>
+<p>Four days after the Declaration of Independence, news came
+to the convention on the Brazos of the desperate plight of Colonel
+William Barret Travis, under siege at the Alamo in San Antonio.
+Sam Houston, commander-in-chief of the Texas Army, left
+<span class="pb" id="Page_6">6</span>
+Washington post-haste for Gonzales, to take command of the
+troops there and go to the aid of Travis. He arrived there on the
+11th, and at about dark learned from two Mexicans who had just
+arrived from San Antonio that the Alamo had fallen and its 183
+brave defenders massacred. This was confirmed two days later by
+Mrs. Almeron Dickinson who had been released by the Mexicans
+after seeing her lieutenant husband killed in the old mission. She
+was trudging toward Gonzales with her babe in her arms when
+the Texas army scouts found her.</p>
+<p>The reports of the Alamo slaughter terrified the people of
+Gonzales. They were panic-stricken by the general belief that
+Santa Anna next would sweep eastward with his well-trained
+army, in a drive to wipe the rebellious Texans from the face of
+the earth.</p>
+<p>Then began the exodus of frantic colonists known to Texas
+history as the &ldquo;Runaway Scrape.&rdquo; Men, women and children
+packed what belongings they could take in wagons and carts,
+on horseback, or on their own backs, and fled their homes in
+terror across the rain soaked country ... all moving eastward
+toward the Louisiana border to escape the wrath of the bloodthirsty
+Santa Anna.</p>
+<p>General Houston, realizing that his few hundred green troops
+were no match for the well-drilled hordes from Mexico, evacuated
+Gonzales and had the rear guard put the town to the torch.
+The Texans crossed the Colorado River on the 17th at Jesse
+Burnam&rsquo;s, and camped there for two days. Then the army resumed
+its march down the east bank to Benjamin Beason&rsquo;s crossing,
+some twenty miles below, near the present town of Columbus.
+Camp was pitched at Beason&rsquo;s on the 20th.</p>
+<p>Had the retreating column been fifty miles farther south,
+the troops might have heard the distant rumble and crackle
+of gunfire. On March 19, Colonel James Walker Fannin Jr.,
+commanding about 450 volunteers withdrawing from Goliad
+toward Victoria, was defeated in battle on Coleto Creek by
+General Jose Urrea&rsquo;s forces of 1200 infantry and 700 cavalry.
+Fannin surrendered. On Palm Sunday, March 27, he and 352
+of his men were marched out on the roads near Goliad and
+brutally shot down, by order of Santa Anna.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div>
+<h3 id="c4">THE MEXICAN PURSUIT</h3>
+<p>Flushed with their Alamo victory, the Mexican forces were
+following the colonists. Houston&rsquo;s scouts reported that General
+Ramirez y Sesma and General Adrian Woll were on the west
+side of the Colorado with approximately 725 troops and General
+Eugenio Tolsa with 600. By this time recruits and reinforcements
+had increased Houston&rsquo;s army to a strength estimated as
+high as 1200.</p>
+<p>The chilling news of Fannin&rsquo;s defeat, reaching the Texas forces
+on March 25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their
+families beyond the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action,
+but Houston decided to continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping
+his own counsel, he marched his army five miles. On the 27th
+the column reached the timbers of the Brazos River bottoms, and
+on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin, on the west bank of
+the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles up the river
+in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th after
+a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across
+the river from &ldquo;Bernardo,&rdquo; on one of the plantations of the
+wealthy Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly
+a fortnight.<a class="fn" id="fr_1" href="#fn_1">[1]</a></p>
+<p>When the <i>ad interim</i> Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos
+learned of the Mexicans&rsquo; approach, in mid-March, it fled
+to Harrisburg. President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief,
+a caustic note, prodding him to stop his retreat and
+fight. Secretary of War Thomas J. Rusk arrived at the camp
+April 4 at Burnet&rsquo;s direction, to urge Houston to a more aggressive
+course.</p>
+<p>Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna
+decided to take possession of the coast and seaports, as a step
+in his plan to round up the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos
+at Fort Bend (now called Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican
+general proceeded on April 14 on the road to Harrisburg, taking
+with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder cannon. Urrea
+was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere between
+Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend,
+with about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and
+Fort Bend, with nearly 1800 men.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig2">
+<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="765" />
+<p class="pcap">Route of Sam Houston&rsquo;s army (line of crosses) from San Felipe to
+San Jacinto, with stops at Groce&rsquo;s, Donoho&rsquo;s, McCurley&rsquo;s, Burnett&rsquo;s,
+White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div>
+<p>Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he
+learned that the Burnet government had gone down Buffalo
+Bayou to New Washington (now Morgan&rsquo;s Point), about
+eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg, Santa Anna sped
+after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New Washington
+he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.
+Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.</p>
+<h3 id="c5">THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO</h3>
+<p>Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce&rsquo;s received two
+small cannon, known to history as the &ldquo;Twin Sisters,&rdquo; a gift
+from citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston,
+after a consultation with Rusk, decided to move on to the
+east side of the Brazos. The river being very high, the steamboat
+&ldquo;Yellow Stone&rdquo; and a yawl were used to ferry the army
+horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on the
+12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.</p>
+<p>On the 13th Houston ordered Major Wyly Martin, Captain
+Moseley Baker, and other commanders of detachments assigned
+to delaying actions, to rejoin the main army at the house of
+Charles Donoho, about three miles from Groce&rsquo;s. At Donoho&rsquo;s
+the road from San Felipe to eastern Texas crossed the road
+south from Groce&rsquo;s.</p>
+<p>On April 16 the army marched twelve miles to the home of
+Samuel McCurley on Spring Creek, in present Harris county. The
+creek forms the boundary line between Harris and Montgomery
+counties. Three miles beyond McCurley&rsquo;s was the home of Abram
+Roberts at a settlement known as &ldquo;New Kentucky.&rdquo; At Roberts&rsquo;
+two wagon trails crossed, one leading to Harrisburg and the other
+to Robbins&rsquo; Ferry on the Trinity and on to the Sabine.</p>
+<p>Many of his officers and men, as well as government officials,
+believed that Houston&rsquo;s strategy was to lead the pursuing Mexicans
+to the Sabine River, the eastern border of Texas. There,
+it was known, were camped United States troops under General
+Pendleton Gaines, with whose help the Texans might turn on
+their foes and destroy them. However, on April 17, when Roberts&rsquo;
+<span class="pb" id="Page_10">10</span>
+place was reached, Houston took the Harrisburg road instead
+of the one toward the Louisiana line, much to the gratification
+of his men. They spent the night of the 17th near the
+home of Matthew Burnett on Cypress Creek, twenty miles from
+McCurley&rsquo;s. On April 18 the army marched twenty miles to
+White Oak Bayou in the Heights District of the present city
+of Houston, and only about eight miles from Harrisburg&mdash;now
+a part of Houston.</p>
+<p>From two prisoners, captured by Erasmus &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith, the
+famous Texas spy, Houston first learned that the Mexicans had
+burned Harrisburg and had gone down the west side of the bayou
+and of San Jacinto River, and that Santa Anna in person was
+in command. In his march downstream Santa Anna had been
+forced to cross the bridge over Vince&rsquo;s Bayou, a tributary of
+Buffalo Bayou, then out of its banks. He would have to cross
+the same bridge to return.</p>
+<p>Viewing this strategic situation on the morning of the 19th,
+Houston told his troops it looked as if they would soon get
+action. And he admonished them to remember the massacres at
+San Antonio and at Goliad.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Remember the Alamo!&rdquo; The soldiers took up the cry. &ldquo;Remember
+Goliad!&rdquo;<a class="fn" id="fr_2" href="#fn_2">[2]</a></p>
+<p>In a letter to Henry Raguet he said:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna.
+It is the only chance for saving Texas.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In an address &ldquo;To the People of Texas&rdquo; he wrote:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;We view ourselves on the eve of battle. We are nerved
+for the contest, and must conquer or perish.... We must act
+now or abandon all hope.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Houston&rsquo;s force crossed Buffalo Bayou to the west side, near
+the home of Isaac Batterson, two and a half miles below Harrisburg,
+on the evening of the 19th. Some 248 men, mostly sick
+and non-effective, were left with the baggage at the camp opposite
+Harrisburg. The march was continued until midnight.</p>
+<h3 id="c6">ON THE EVE OF BATTLE</h3>
+<p>At dawn April 20 the Texans resumed their trek down the
+<span class="pb" id="Page_11">11</span>
+bayou, to intercept the Mexicans. At Lynch&rsquo;s ferry, near the
+juncture of Buffalo Bayou and San Jacinto River, they captured
+a boat laden with supplies for Santa Anna. This probably was
+some of the plunder of Harrisburg or New Washington. Ascertaining
+that none of the enemy forces had crossed, the Texans
+drew back about a mile on the Harrisburg road, and encamped
+in a skirt of timber protected by a rising ground.</p>
+<p>That afternoon, Colonel Sidney Sherman with a small detachment
+of cavalry engaged the enemy infantry, almost bringing
+on a general action. In the clash two Texans were wounded&mdash;one
+of them, Olwyn J. Trask, mortally&mdash;and several horses were
+killed. In this preliminary skirmish Mirabeau B. Lamar, a private
+from Georgia (later President of the Republic of Texas),
+so distinguished himself that on the next day he was placed in
+command of the cavalry.</p>
+<p>Santa Anna&rsquo;s blue-uniformed army made camp under the
+high ground overlooking a marsh, about three-fourths of a
+mile from the Texas camp. They threw up breastworks of
+trunks, baggage, pack-saddles and other equipment. Both sides
+prepared for the expected conflict.</p>
+<p>The Texans awoke to find Thursday, April 21, a clear fine
+day. Refreshed by a breakfast of bread made with flour from
+the captured supplies and meat from beeves slaughtered the day
+before, they were eager to attack the enemy. They could see
+Santa Anna&rsquo;s flags floating over the enemy camp, and heard
+the Mexican bugle calls on the crisp morning air.</p>
+<p>It was discovered at about nine o&rsquo;clock that General Martin
+Perfecto de Cos had crossed Vince&rsquo;s bridge, about eight miles
+behind the Texans&rsquo; camp, with some 540 picked troops, swelling
+the enemy forces to about 1265. General Houston ordered
+&ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith and a detail to destroy the bridge and prevent
+further enemy reinforcements.<a class="fn" id="fr_3" href="#fn_3">[3]</a> This also would prevent the
+retreat of either the Texans or the Mexicans toward Harrisburg.
+In dry weather Vince&rsquo;s Bayou was about fifty feet wide and
+ten feet deep, but the excessive April rains had made it several
+times wider and deeper.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig3">
+<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="729" />
+<p class="pcap">Map of San Jacinto battlefield, showing positions of Texas army and
+Mexican army, and battle formation of Texas Infantry, Artillery and
+Cavalry in the attack on Santa Anna&rsquo;s breastworks.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div>
+<p>Shortly before noon, General Houston held a council of war
+with Colonels Edward Burleson and Sidney Sherman, Lieutenant-Colonels
+Henry Millard, Alexander Somervell and Joseph L.
+Bennett, and Major Lysander Wells. Two of the officers suggested
+attacking the enemy in his position, while the others favored
+awaiting Santa Anna&rsquo;s attack. Houston withheld his own views,
+but later, after having formed his plan of battle, submitted
+it to Secretary of War Rusk, who approved it.</p>
+<h3 id="c7">THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO</h3>
+<p>General Houston disposed his forces in battle order at about
+3:30 in the afternoon. Over on the Mexican side all was quiet;
+many of the foemen were enjoying their customary <i>siesta</i>. The
+Texans&rsquo; movements were screened by the trees and the rising
+ground, and evidently Santa Anna had no lookouts posted.</p>
+<p>Big, shaggy and commanding in his mud-stained unmilitary
+garb, the Chieftain rode his horse up and down the line. &ldquo;Now
+hold your fire, men,&rdquo; he warned in his deep voice, &ldquo;until you
+get the order!&rdquo;</p>
+<p>At the command, &ldquo;Advance,&rdquo; the patriots, 910 strong, moved
+quickly out of the woods and over the rise, deploying.<a class="fn" id="fr_4" href="#fn_4">[4]</a> Bearded
+and ragged from forty days in the field, they were a fierce-looking
+band. But their long rifles were clean and well oiled.
+Only one company, Captain William Wood&rsquo;s &ldquo;Kentucky Rifles,&rdquo;
+originally recruited by Sidney Sherman, wore uniforms.</p>
+<p>The battle line was formed with Edward Burleson&rsquo;s regiment
+in the center; Sherman&rsquo;s on the left wing; the artillery, under
+George W. Hockley, on Burleson&rsquo;s right; the infantry, under
+Henry Millard, on the right of the artillery; and the cavalry,
+led by Lamar, on the extreme right.</p>
+<p>Silently and tensely the Texas battle line swept across the
+prairie and swale that was No Man&rsquo;s land, the men bending low.
+A soldier&rsquo;s fife piped up with &ldquo;Will You Come to the Bower,&rdquo;<a class="fn" id="fr_5" href="#fn_5">[5]</a>
+a popular tune of the day. That was the only music of the battle.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div>
+<p>As the troops advanced, &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith galloped up and told
+Houston, &ldquo;Vince&rsquo;s bridge has been cut down.&rdquo; The General announced
+it to the men. Now both armies were cut off from
+retreat in all directions but one, by a roughly circular moat
+formed by Vince&rsquo;s and Buffalo Bayous to the west and north,
+San Jacinto River to the north and east, and by the marshes
+and the bay to the east and southeast.</p>
+<p>At close range, the two little cannon, drawn by rawhide
+thongs, were wheeled into position and belched their charges of
+iron slugs into the enemy barricade. Then the whole line, led
+by Sherman&rsquo;s men, sprang forward on the run, yelling, &ldquo;Remember
+the Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Remember Goliad!&rdquo; All together they opened
+fire, blazing away practically point-blank at the surprised and
+panic-stricken Mexicans. They stormed over the breastworks,
+seized the enemy&rsquo;s artillery, and joined in hand-to-hand combat,
+emptying their pistols, swinging their guns as clubs, slashing
+right and left with their knives. Mexicans fell by the scores
+under the impact of the savage assault.</p>
+<p>General Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, a brave Mexican, tried
+to rally the swarthy Latins, but he was killed and his men
+became crazed with fright. Many threw down their guns and
+ran; many wailed, &ldquo;Me no Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Me no Goliad!&rdquo; But their
+pleas won no mercy. The enraged revolutionists reloaded and
+chased after the stampeding enemy, shooting them, stabbing
+them, clubbing them to death.</p>
+<p>From the moment of the first collision the battle was a slaughter,
+frightful to behold. The fugitives ran in wild terror over the
+prairie and into the boggy marshes, but the avengers of the
+Alamo and Goliad followed and slew them, or drove them into
+the waters to drown. Men and horses, dead and dying, in the
+morass in the rear and right of the Mexican camp, formed a
+bridge for the pursuing Texans. Blood reddened the water. General
+Houston tried to check the execution but the fury of his
+men was beyond restraint.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div>
+<div class="img">
+<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="Sam Houston" width="485" height="800" />
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig4">
+<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="433" />
+<p class="pcap">The surrender of Santa Anna to Sam Houston on San Jacinto battlefield, April 22, 1836.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div>
+<p>Some of the Mexican cavalry tried to escape over Vince&rsquo;s
+bridge, only to find that the bridge was gone. In desperation,
+some of the flying horsemen spurred their mounts down the
+steep bank; some dismounted and plunged into the swollen
+stream. The Texans came up and poured a deadly fire into the
+welter of Mexicans struggling with the flood. Escape was virtually
+impossible.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>General Houston rode slowly from the field of victory,
+his ankle shattered by a rifle ball. At the foot of the oak where
+he had slept the previous night he fainted and slid from his
+horse into the arms of Major Hockley, his chief of staff.</p>
+<p>As the crowning stroke of a glorious day, General Rusk presented
+to him as a prisoner the Mexican general Almonte, who
+had surrendered formally with about 400 men.</p>
+<p>The casualties, according to Houston&rsquo;s official report, numbered
+630 Mexicans killed, 208 wounded, and 730 taken prisoner.
+As against this heavy score, only nine Texans were killed or
+mortally wounded, and thirty wounded less seriously. Most of
+their injuries came from the first scattered Mexican volley
+when the attackers stormed their barricade. The Texans captured
+a large supply of muskets, pistols, sabers, mules, horses, provisions,
+clothing, tents and paraphernalia, and $12,000 in silver.</p>
+<h3 id="c8">THE CAPTURE OF SANTA ANNA</h3>
+<p>Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle, and next day
+General Houston ordered a thorough search of the surrounding
+territory for him. In the afternoon Sergeant J. A. Sylvester<a class="fn" id="fr_6" href="#fn_6">[6]</a>
+spotted a Mexican slipping through the woods toward Vince&rsquo;s
+Bayou. Sylvester and his comrades caught the fugitive trying to
+hide in the high grass. He wore a common soldier&rsquo;s apparel&mdash;round
+jacket, blue cotton pantaloons, skin cap and soldier&rsquo;s shoes.</p>
+<p>They took the captive to camp, and on the way Mexican
+prisoners recognized him and cried, &ldquo;El Presidente!&rdquo; Thus his
+identity was betrayed; it was indeed the dictator from below
+the Rio Grande. He was brought to General Houston, who lay
+under the headquarters oak, nursing his wounded foot.</p>
+<p>The Mexican President pompously announced, &ldquo;I am General
+Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, and a prisoner of war at your
+disposition.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>General Houston, suffering with pain, received him coldly.
+<span class="pb" id="Page_18">18</span>
+He sent for young Moses Austin Bryan and Lorenzo de Zavala
+Jr. to act as interpreters. Santa Anna cringed with fright as
+the excited Texas soldiers pressed around him, fearing mob violence.
+He pleaded for the treatment due a prisoner of war. &ldquo;You
+can afford to be generous,&rdquo; he whined; &ldquo;you have captured the
+Napoleon of the West.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&ldquo;What claim have you to mercy?&rdquo; Houston retorted, &ldquo;when
+you showed none at the Alamo or at Goliad?&rdquo;</p>
+<p>They talked for nearly two hours, using Bryan, de Zavala
+and Almonte as interpreters. In the end Santa Anna agreed to
+write an order commanding all Mexican troops to evacuate
+Texas. Later, treaties were signed at Velasco, looking to the adjustment
+of all differences and the recognition of Texas independence.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Thus ended the revolution of 1836, with an eighteen-minute
+battle which established Texas as a free republic and opened the
+way for the United States to extend its boundaries to the Rio
+Grande on the southwest and to the Pacific on the west. Few
+military engagements in history have been more decisive or of
+more far-reaching ultimate influence than the battle of San
+Jacinto.</p>
+<div class="img">
+<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="Outline of Texas" width="276" height="266" />
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div>
+<h2 id="c9"><span class="small">Opposing Commanders&rsquo; Reports</span></h2>
+<p>It is interesting to compare the accounts of the battle of
+San Jacinto written by leaders of the opposing Texan and
+Mexican forces.</p>
+<p>General Sam Houston, in his official report of the engagement
+to President David G. Burnet, dated April 25, 1836, reviewed
+his movements during the three days preceding the
+battle, and then said:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>About nine o&rsquo;clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy
+were reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of
+General Cos, increasing their effective force to upward of 1500
+men, whilst our aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At
+half-past three o&rsquo;clock in the evening, I ordered the officers of
+the Texian army to parade their respective commands, having
+in the meantime ordered the bridge on the only road communicating
+with the Brazos, distant eight miles from the encampment,
+to be destroyed&mdash;thus cutting off all possibility of escape.
+Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were anxious
+for the contest. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed
+only to increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened
+their anxiety for the conflict. Our situation afforded me an
+opportunity of making the arrangements preparatory to the attack
+without exposing our designs to the enemy. The first regiment,
+commanded by Colonel Burleson, was assigned to the
+center. The second regiment, under the command of Colonel
+Sherman, formed the left wing of the army. The artillery, under
+special command of Colonel George W. Hockley, Inspector-General,
+was placed on the right of the first regiment; and four
+companies of infantry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Henry
+Millard, sustained the artillery upon the right. Our cavalry, 61
+in number, commanded by Colonel Mirabeau B. Lamar (whose
+gallant and daring conduct on the previous day had attracted
+the admiration of his comrades), completed our line. Our cavalry
+was first dispatched to the front of the enemy&rsquo;s left, for the
+purpose of attracting their notice, whilst an extensive island of
+<span class="pb" id="Page_20">20</span>
+timber afforded us an opportunity of concentrating our forces,
+and deploying from that point, agreeably to the previous design
+of the troops. Every evolution was performed with alacrity, the
+whole advancing rapidly in line, and through an open prairie,
+without any protection whatever for our men. The artillery
+advanced and took station within 200 yards of the enemy&rsquo;s
+breastwork, and commenced an effective fire with grape and
+canister.</i></p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Colonel Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced
+the action upon our left wing, the whole line, at the center and
+on the right, advancing in double quick time, rung the war-cry,
+&lsquo;Remember the Alamo!&rsquo; received the enemy&rsquo;s fire, and advanced
+within point blank shot, before a piece was discharged
+from our lines. Our lines advanced without a halt, until they
+were in possession of the woodland and the enemy&rsquo;s breastwork&mdash;the
+right wing of Burleson&rsquo;s and the left of Millard&rsquo;s taking
+possession of the breastwork; our artillery having gallantly
+charged up within seventy yards of the enemy&rsquo;s cannon, when
+it was taken by our troops. The conflict lasted about eighteen
+minutes from the time of close action until we were in possession
+of the enemy&rsquo;s encampment, taking one piece of cannon (loaded),
+four stand of colors, all their camp equipage, stores and baggage.
+Our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy
+upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which did
+not cease until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned
+before&mdash;Captain Karnes, always among the foremost in
+danger, commanding the pursuers. The conflict in the breastwork
+lasted but a few moments; many of the troops encountered
+hand to hand, and, not having the advantage of bayonets on
+our side, our riflemen used their pieces as war clubs, breaking
+many of them off at the breech. The rout commenced at half-past
+four, and the pursuit by the main army continued until
+twilight. A guard was then left in charge of the enemy&rsquo;s encampment,
+and our army returned with our killed and wounded.
+In the battle, our loss was two killed and twenty-three wounded,
+six of them mortally. The enemy&rsquo;s loss was 630 killed ...
+wounded 208 ... prisoners 730....</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div>
+<h3 id="c10">MEXICAN VERSION OF BATTLE</h3>
+<p>General Santa Anna, in the memoirs of his old age, wrote a
+brief and untruthful account of the battle of San Jacinto, an
+alibi blaming General Filisola for the defeat. He said he had
+ordered Filisola to join him by forced marches, for the attack
+on Houston&rsquo;s army, and was waiting for the reinforcements
+when he found Houston camped on the San Jacinto. He continued:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>At two o&rsquo;clock in the afternoon of Aprl 21, 1836, I had
+fallen asleep in the shade of an oak, hoping the heat would
+moderate so that I might begin the march (to find Filisola),
+when the filibusterers surprised my camp with admirable skill.
+Imagine my surprise, on opening my eyes, and finding myself
+surrounded by those people, threatening me with their rifles and
+overpowering my person. The responsibility of Filisola was
+obvious, because he and only he had caused such a catastrophe by
+his criminal disobedience.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<p>This is somewhat at variance with an earlier report, in which
+Santa Anna recounted his own heroic efforts to rally his troops
+in the battle until &ldquo;the new recruits threw everything into confusion,
+breaking their ranks and preventing veterans from making
+use of their arms, whilst the enemy was rapidly advancing with
+loud hurrahs, and in a few minutes obtained a victory which
+they could not some hours before, even have dreamed of.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Then, <i>El Presidente</i> went on:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>All hopes being lost, and everyone flying as fast as he could, I
+found myself in the greatest danger, when a servant of my aide-de-camp
+... offered me his horse, with the tenderest and
+most urging expressions insisted on my riding off the field....
+I remembered that General Filisola was only seventeen leagues
+off, and I took my direction toward him, darting through the
+enemy ranks. They pursued me, and after a ride of one league
+and a half, overtook me on the banks of a large creek, the bridge
+over which had been burned by the enemy to retard our pursuit.</i></p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig5">
+<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="759" />
+<p class="pcap">ANTONIO LOPEZ de SANTA ANNA</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_23">23</div>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>I alighted from my horse and with much difficulty succeeded
+in concealing myself in a thicket of dwarf pines. Night
+coming on I escaped them, and the hope of reaching the army
+gave me strength. I crossed the creek with the water up to my
+breast and continued my route on foot. I found, in a house
+which had been abandoned, some articles of clothing, which
+enabled me to change my apparel. At eleven o&rsquo;clock a.m., while
+I was crossing a large plain, my pursuers overtook me again.
+Such is the history of my capture. On account of my change
+of apparel they did not recognize me, and inquired whether I
+had seen Santa Anna. To this I answered that he had made his
+escape; and this answer saved me from assassination, as I have
+since been given to understand.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Colonel Pedro Delgado, of Santa Anna&rsquo;s staff, gave a more
+detailed and more accurate Mexican version of the battle. He
+told how Santa Anna, his staff and most of the men were
+asleep when the bugler sounded the alarm of the Texan advance.
+Some of the men were out gathering boughs for shelter; cavalrymen
+were riding bareback, to and from water. Continuing:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>I stepped upon some ammunition boxes the better to observe
+the movements of the enemy. I saw that their formation was a
+mere line of one rank, and very extended. In their center was the
+Texas flag; on both wings, they had two light cannons, well
+manned. Their cavalry was opposite our front, overlapping our
+left. In this disposition yelling furiously, with a brisk fire of
+grape, muskets and rifles, they advanced resolutely upon our
+camp. There the utmost confusion prevailed. General Castrillon
+shouted on one side; on another Colonel Almonte was giving
+orders; some cried out to commence firing; others to lie down
+and avoid the grape shot. Among the latter was His Excellency.</i></p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Then already, I saw our men; flying in small groups, terrified,
+and sheltering themselves behind large trees. I endeavored to
+force some of them to fight, but all efforts were in vain&mdash;the
+evil was beyond remedy; they were a bewildered and panic-stricken
+herd.</i></p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>The enemy kept up a brisk cross-fire of grape on the woods.
+Presently we heard, in close proximity, the unpleasant noise of
+their clamor. Meeting no resistance they dashed, lightning-like
+upon our deserted camp.</i></p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Then I saw His Excellency running about in the utmost
+excitement, wringing his hands, and unable to give an order.
+General Castrillon was stretched on the ground, wounded in the
+leg. Colonel Trevino was killed, and Colonel Marcial Aguirre
+was severely injured. I saw also, the enemy reaching the ordnance
+train, and killing a corporal and two gunners who had been detailed
+to repair cartridges which had been damaged on the previous
+evening.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<p>In a grove on the bayshore, Colonel Delgado said, the Texans
+wrought the worst carnage of the battle.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>There they killed Colonel Batres; and it would have been
+all over with us had not Providence placed us in the hands of
+the noble and generous captain of cavalry, Allen, who by great
+exertion, saved us repeatedly from being slaughtered by the
+drunken and infuriated volunteers.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<div class="img">
+<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="Star" width="98" height="97" />
+</div>
+<h4><span class="sc">San Jacinto Museum of History Association</span></h4>
+<p class="center small">BOARD OF TRUSTEES</p>
+<p class="center small"><span class="sc">George A. Hill, Jr.</span>, <i>President</i>
+<br /><span class="sc">L. W. Kemp</span>, <i>Vice President</i>
+<br /><span class="sc">W. B. Bates</span>, <i>Secretary-Treasurer</i>
+<br /><span class="sc">A. C. Finn</span>
+<br /><span class="sc">Mrs. Madge W. Hearne</span>
+<br /><span class="sc">Dorothy W. Estes</span>, <i>Director</i></p>
+<h4><span class="sc">San Jacinto State Park Commission</span></h4>
+<p class="center small"><span class="sc">J. Perry Moore</span>, <i>Chairman</i>
+<br /><span class="sc">Mary Tod</span>
+<br /><span class="sc">W. E. Kendall</span></p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_25">25</div>
+<h2 id="c11"><span class="small">San Jacinto Monument</span></h2>
+<p>The great shaft of San Jacinto, piercing the sky from the
+scene of the historic conflict between Sam Houston&rsquo;s pioneers
+and Santa Anna&rsquo;s Mexican invaders, was erected as
+a memorial to the Texas heroes, commemorating the Centennial of
+1836. Appropriations aggregating $1,866,148 were made by the
+State of Texas and the Federal Government for the construction
+of the monument and improvement of San Jacinto State Park. Of
+this amount approximately $1,200,000 was used in building the
+monument.</p>
+<p>On April 21, 1936, the one hundredth anniversary of the battle
+of San Jacinto, with impressive ceremonies, the ground was
+broken for the monument. Among the participants was General
+Andrew Jackson Houston, only surviving child of the Commander-in-Chief
+of the Texas Army at San Jacinto. The monument,
+570 feet high, was officially dedicated April 21, 1939.</p>
+<p>The reinforced concrete structure is faced with rough sawn
+fossilized limestone quarried near Leander, Williamson County,
+Texas. The interior walls are highly polished. The base of the
+building is 124 feet square and 36 feet high. The shaft is 47 feet
+square at the base and 30 feet at the top.</p>
+<p>On the exterior walls of the shaft, about 90 feet above the
+ground, a frieze 178 feet around and 15&frac12; feet high shows in
+relief the history of Texas from the coming of the Anglo-Americans
+to the present day. This was executed by William McVey,
+Houston sculptor.</p>
+<p>On the outer sides of the base of the monument are carved
+inscriptions, summarizing the salient events of the Texas revolution.
+Each of these eight spaces measures 25 feet by 13 feet, and
+the letters in the inscriptions are 8 inches in height. Written by
+L. W. Kemp with collaboration of Dr. E. C. Barker, Mrs. Herbert
+Gambrell and other historical authorities, they epitomize the
+whole evolution of Texas independence in approximately 600
+words.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig6">
+<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="" width="491" height="800" />
+<p class="pcap">San Jacinto Memorial Monument and Museum</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_27">27</div>
+<p>There are five rooms on the first floor of the monument. The
+entrance is through the Hall of Honor, which is flanked by two
+spacious rooms. The south room houses the exhibits relating to
+the Spanish and Mexican period of Texas history, many of them
+donated by Colonel and Mrs. George A. Hill, Jr. Exhibits in the
+north room relate to the Anglo-American period until the beginning
+of the War between the States. An entrance lobby from
+the Hall of Honor leads to the elevator which runs to the observation
+deck in the tower. The elevator lobby serves as a gallery
+for paintings. Behind the elevator is a small room connecting
+the north and south rooms. It is devoted to relics of domestic
+life.</p>
+<p>Two great bronze plaques adorn the interior walls of the monument.
+One, in the south room, records the names of the 910
+heroes who fought in the battle; the other, in the north room,
+lists the 248 men of Houston&rsquo;s army, mostly sick and non-effectives,
+who were detailed to remain at the camp established opposite
+Harrisburg. The lists were compiled by L. W. Kemp. In this
+booklet they were revised to January 1, 1947.</p>
+<p>The monument was designed by Alfred C. Finn and was constructed
+by the W. S. Bellows Construction Company of
+Houston.</p>
+<p>Operation and maintenance of the monument and museum is
+financed, without cost to the State, by receipts from a small fee
+charged for riding the elevator to the observation tower, and by
+the sale of souvenirs. The San Jacinto Museum of History Association,
+which operates the monument, is a non-profit organization
+incorporated under the laws of Texas, November 7, 1938.
+Members of the Association&rsquo;s board of trustees are nominated
+by the San Jacinto State Park Board and approved by the State
+Board of Control.</p>
+<h3 id="c12">THE FIELD OF ST. HYACINTH</h3>
+<p>It is told that Franciscan friars of Mexico, exploring the Texas
+coast during the period 1751-1772, found the stream now
+known as San Jacinto River so choked with water hyacinths
+(a mauve species of lily that still abounds in this region) that
+they could not pass. They called it the &ldquo;hyacinth stream.&rdquo; From
+<span class="pb" id="Page_28">28</span>
+that name evolved &ldquo;San Jacinto&rdquo;&mdash;Spanish for &ldquo;Saint Hyacinth.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Legend has it that Adjutant General John A. Wharton gave
+the battlefield its name. Santa Anna, shortly after being captured,
+while conversing with a group of Texan officers inquired
+concerning the correct name of the field. One officer is supposed
+to have answered &ldquo;Lynchburg,&rdquo; but Wharton suggested
+&ldquo;San Jacinto.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>The battleground, off the La Porte road, some twenty-three
+miles from the County Courthouse in Houston, is a State park
+of 402 acres. It is situated near the confluence of San
+Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou&mdash;now the Houston Ship Channel&mdash;not
+far from the Bay. It is a spot of natural beauty. The
+land has a gentle roll, and vegetation is brilliant. Wild flowers
+here grow in profusion and fairly radiate their splendor. Nowhere
+else in this section are more luxuriant mossy &ldquo;beards&rdquo;
+to be found than on the huge liveoaks of San Jacinto.</p>
+<p>The country surrounding the battlefield and nearby Lynchburg&mdash;known
+in the old days as &ldquo;Lynch&rsquo;s Ferry&rdquo;&mdash;was one of
+the early settlements of Texas colonists. The sylvan retreats along
+the wide stream and adjacent lagoons were once popular as
+homes of prominent Texans. Across the bayou from the battleground
+was the home of Lorenzo de Zavala, <i>ad interim</i> Vice
+President of the Republic.</p>
+<p>Nearby lived David G. Burnet, <i>ad interim</i> President. Later
+General Houston had a home on Trinity Bay, a few miles from
+the battlefield. It is now a Boy Scout camp. Ashbel Smith, minister
+of the Republic of Texas to England, had his home at about
+the site of present Goose Creek, not far from Lynchburg.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div>
+<div class="img">
+<img src="images/p10.jpg" alt="Entrance to monument" width="700" height="404" />
+</div>
+<h2 id="c13"><span class="small">Texas Revolution Epitomized</span></h2>
+<p>The thumbnail history of the Texas revolution, inscribed
+on the exterior of the monument&rsquo;s base in eight panels,
+is as follows:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>THE EARLY POLICIES OF MEXICO TOWARD
+HER TEXAS COLONISTS HAD BEEN EXTREMELY
+LIBERAL. LARGE GRANTS OF LAND
+WERE MADE TO THEM, AND NO TAXES OR
+DUTIES IMPOSED. THE RELATIONSHIP
+BETWEEN THE ANGLO-AMERICANS AND
+MEXICANS WAS CORDIAL. BUT, FOLLOWING
+A SERIES OF REVOLUTIONS BEGUN IN
+1829, UNSCRUPULOUS RULERS SUCCESSIVELY
+SEIZED POWER IN MEXICO. THEIR
+UNJUST ACTS AND DESPOTIC DECREES
+LED TO THE REVOLUTION IN TEXAS.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div>
+<p>IN JUNE, 1832, THE COLONISTS FORCED
+THE MEXICAN AUTHORITIES AT ANAHUAC
+TO RELEASE WM. B. TRAVIS AND OTHERS
+FROM UNJUST IMPRISONMENT. THE BATTLE
+OF VELASCO, JUNE 26, AND THE BATTLE
+OF NACOGDOCHES, AUGUST 2, FOLLOWED:
+IN BOTH THE TEXANS WERE VICTORIOUS.
+STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN, &ldquo;FATHER OF
+TEXAS&rdquo;, WAS ARRESTED JANUARY 3, 1834,
+AND HELD IN MEXICO WITHOUT TRIAL
+UNTIL JULY, 1835. THE TEXANS FORMED
+AN ARMY, AND ON NOVEMBER 12, 1835,
+ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.</p>
+<p>THE FIRST SHOT OF THE REVOLUTION
+OF 1835-1836 WAS FIRED BY THE TEXANS
+AT GONZALES, OCTOBER 2, 1835, IN RESISTANCE
+TO A DEMAND BY MEXICAN
+SOLDIERS FOR A SMALL CANNON HELD BY
+THE COLONISTS. THE MEXICAN GARRISON
+AT GOLIAD FELL OCTOBER 9, THE BATTLE
+OF CONCEPCION WAS WON BY THE TEXANS,
+OCTOBER 28. SAN ANTONIO WAS CAPTURED
+DECEMBER 10, 1835 AFTER FIVE DAYS OF
+FIGHTING IN WHICH THE INDOMITABLE
+BENJAMIN R. MILAM DIED A HERO, AND
+THE MEXICAN ARMY EVACUATED TEXAS.</p>
+<p>TEXAS DECLARED HER INDEPENDENCE AT
+WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS, MARCH 2.
+FOR NEARLY TWO MONTHS HER ARMIES
+MET DISASTER AND DEFEAT; DR. JAMES
+GRANT&rsquo;S MEN WERE KILLED ON THE AGUA
+DULCE, MARCH 2, WILLIAM BARRET TRAVIS
+AND HIS MEN SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES
+AT THE ALAMO, MARCH 6, WILLIAM WARD
+WAS DEFEATED AT REFUGIO, MARCH 14,
+AMON B. KING&rsquo;S MEN WERE EXECUTED
+NEAR REFUGIO, MARCH 16, AND JAMES
+WALKER FANNIN AND HIS ARMY WERE PUT
+TO DEATH NEAR GOLIAD, MARCH 27, 1836.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_31">31</div>
+<p>ON THIS FIELD ON APRIL 21, 1836 THE
+ARMY OF TEXAS COMMANDED BY GENERAL
+SAM HOUSTON, AND ACCOMPANIED BY THE
+SECRETARY OF WAR, THOMAS J. RUSK, ATTACKED
+THE SUPERIOR INVADING ARMY OF
+MEXICANS UNDER GENERAL SANTA ANNA.
+THE BATTLE LINE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
+WAS FORMED BY SIDNEY SHERMAN&rsquo;S REGIMENT,
+EDWARD BURLESON&rsquo;S REGIMENT,
+THE ARTILLERY COMMANDED BY GEORGE W.
+HOCKLEY, HENRY MILLARD&rsquo;S INFANTRY AND
+THE CAVALRY UNDER MIRABEAU B. LAMAR.
+SAM HOUSTON LED THE INFANTRY CHARGE.</p>
+<p>WITH THE BATTLE CRY, &ldquo;REMEMBER THE
+ALAMO! REMEMBER GOLIAD!&rdquo; THE TEXANS
+CHARGED. THE ENEMY, TAKEN BY SURPRISE,
+RALLIED FOR A FEW MINUTES,
+THEN FLED IN DISORDER. THE TEXANS
+HAD ASKED NO QUARTER AND GAVE NONE.
+THE SLAUGHTER WAS APPALLING, VICTORY
+COMPLETE, AND TEXAS FREE! ON THE FOLLOWING
+DAY GENERAL ANTONIO LOPEZ DE
+SANTA ANNA, SELF-STYLED &ldquo;NAPOLEON OF
+THE WEST,&rdquo; RECEIVED FROM A GENEROUS
+FOE THE MERCY HE HAD DENIED TRAVIS
+AT THE ALAMO AND FANNIN AT GOLIAD.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div>
+<p>CITIZENS OF TEXAS AND IMMIGRANT
+SOLDIERS IN THE ARMY OF TEXAS AT
+SAN JACINTO WERE NATIVES OF ALABAMA,
+ARKANSAS, CONNECTICUT, GEORGIA,
+ILLINOIS, INDIANA, KENTUCKY, LOUISIANA,
+MAINE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS,
+MICHIGAN, MISSISSIPPI, MISSOURI, NEW
+HAMPSHIRE, NEW YORK, NORTH CAROLINA,
+OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, RHODE ISLAND, SOUTH
+CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, TEXAS, VERMONT,
+VIRGINIA, AUSTRIA, CANADA, ENGLAND,
+FRANCE, GERMANY, IRELAND, ITALY,
+MEXICO, POLAND, PORTUGAL AND SCOTLAND.</p>
+<p>MEASURED BY ITS RESULTS, SAN JACINTO
+WAS ONE OF THE DECISIVE BATTLES OF
+THE WORLD. THE FREEDOM OF TEXAS FROM
+MEXICO WON HERE LED TO ANNEXATION
+AND TO THE MEXICAN WAR, RESULTING
+IN THE ACQUISITION BY THE UNITED
+STATES OF THE STATES OF TEXAS, NEW
+MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA, CALIFORNIA,
+UTAH, AND PARTS OF COLORADO, WYOMING,
+KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA. ALMOST ONE-THIRD
+OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE AMERICAN
+NATION, NEARLY A MILLION SQUARE MILES
+OF TERRITORY, CHANGED SOVEREIGNTY.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div>
+<h2 id="c14"><span class="small">Brigham Monument</span></h2>
+<h3 id="c15">DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR</h3>
+<p>Prior to the erection of the present great shaft, the principal
+memorial on the battlefield was a plain square spire
+monument of Rutland variegated marble, fifteen and one-half
+feet high, which with the base stands seventeen feet. After
+its dedication it was placed at the grave of Benjamin R. Brigham,
+one of the nine Texans who were killed or mortally wounded in
+the battle, and whose bodies, with one exception, were buried on
+the ground on which the Texan army had camped April 20.
+Board markers had been placed at all of the graves but when in
+1879 Judge J. L. Sullivan of Richmond, Texas, began to raise
+funds by public subscription to erect a joint monument where
+their bodies lay, the grave of Brigham was alone recognizable.</p>
+<p>The monument was unveiled at Galveston with fitting ceremonies
+August 25, 1881, Temple Houston, youngest son of General
+Sam Houston, being the orator of the occasion. On April
+23, 1883, the Eighteenth Legislature purchased for $1,500, ten
+acres of land surrounding the monument. This was the beginning
+of the present San Jacinto State Park.</p>
+<p>Carved on the east front of the monument is:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;DEAD ON THE FIELD OF HONOR&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>Below which, in bold relief is a Lone Star, surrounded by a
+wreath of oak and laurel leaves.</p>
+<p>Beneath the star:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;B. R. BRIGHAM&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>On the base:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;SAN JACINTO&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>Near the top of the shaft is a polished band, upon which are
+cut two stars on each front and one above the band on the east
+front. These represent the nine who fell in the battle.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_34">34</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig7">
+<img src="images/p11.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="745" />
+<p class="pcap">Brigham monument, marking the graves of eight of the nine dead at San Jacinto.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig8">
+<img src="images/p11a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="512" />
+<p class="pcap">Marker at site of Santa Anna&rsquo;s surrender at San Jacinto.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_35">35</div>
+<p>On the north front, beneath the heading:</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;TWO DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE&rdquo;</p>
+<p>is recorded the statement of General Houston:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>This morning we are in preparation to meet Santa Anna.
+It is the only chance of saving Texas. From time to time I have
+looked for reinforcements in vain: We will only have about
+seven hundred men to march with besides the camp guard. We
+go on to conquer. It is wisdom growing out of necessity to meet
+the enemy now. Every consideration enforces it. No previous occasion
+would justify it. The troops are in fine spirits and now is
+the time for action. We shall use our best efforts to fight the
+enemy to such advantage as will insure victory though the odds
+are greatly against us.</i></p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>I leave the result in the hands of a wise God, and rely upon
+His providence.</i></p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>My country will do justice to those who serve her. The right
+for which we fight will be secured, and Texas free.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<p>Below this is inscribed:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;REMEMBER THE ALAMO&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>On the south front beneath the heading:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;THE DAY AFTER THE BATTLE&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>is the report of Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War:</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>The sun was sinking in the horizon as the battle commenced,
+but, at the close of the conflict, the sun of liberty and independence
+rose in Texas, never, it is to be hoped, to be obscured by
+the clouds of despotism. We have read of deeds of chivalry, and
+pursued with ardour the annals of war; we have contemplated,
+with the highest emotions of sublimity, the loud roaring thunder,
+the desolating tornado, and the withering simoon of the
+desert; but neither of these, nor all, inspired us with emotions
+like those felt on this occasion! There was a general cry which
+pervaded the ranks: Remember the ALAMO! Remember LA
+BAHIA! These words electrified all. Onward was the cry. The
+unerring aim and irresistible energy of the Texan army could
+not be withstood, it was freemen fighting against the minions
+of tyranny and the result proved the inequality of such a
+contest.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_36">36</div>
+<p>And below is the love song, then popular, which one of Houston&rsquo;s
+charging soldiers is said to have played on the flute:
+<span class="center">&ldquo;WILL YOU COME TO THE BOWER&rdquo;</span></p>
+<p>On the west front:</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;This monument stands at the grave of
+<br />BENJAMIN RICE BRIGHAM
+<br />who was mortally wounded April 21, 1836</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;Nearby rest</p>
+<p class="center">LEMUEL STOCKTON BLAKEY
+<br />JOHN C. HALE
+<br />GEORGE A. LAMB
+<br />DR. WM. JUNIUS MOTTLEY
+<br />MATHIAS COOPER
+<br />THOMAS PATTON FOWLE
+<br />ASHLEY R. STEPHENS</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;Who were also killed or mortally wounded in the battle of San Jacinto</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;OLWYN J. TRASK
+<br />died on Galveston Island on about May 20 from the effects of the wound he had received on the San Jacinto Battlefield in the skirmish of April 20, 1836.</p>
+<p class="center">&ldquo;This shaft was erected in 1881 by voluntary contributions of citizens of Texas to forever mark the spot where these heroes sleep and to perpetuate a knowledge of their names and prowess&rdquo;</p>
+<p>On the base following this tribute is the war cry,
+<span class="center">&ldquo;REMEMBER GOLIAD&rdquo;</span></p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_37">37</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig9">
+<img src="images/p12.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="262" />
+<p class="pcap">MY COUNTRY WILL DO JUSTICE TO THEM WHO SERVE HER</p>
+<p class="pcapc">THE RIGHT FOR WHICH WE FIGHT WILL BE RESCUED AND TEXAS FREE</p>
+<p class="pcapc">GENERAL HOUSTON<span class="hst"> APRIL 19 1836</span></p>
+<p class="pcapc">OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE TEXAS ARMY WHO PARTICIPATED
+IN THE BATTLE FOUGHT HERE APRIL 21 1836
+OR IN THE SKIRMISH OF THE PREVIOUS DAY</p>
+</div>
+<h2 id="c16"><span class="small">The Roll of Honor</span></h2>
+<p>One of the two great bronze plaques that adorn the walls
+of the San Jacinto museum records the names of the officers
+and men of the Texas army who fought in the battle
+on April 21, 1836, and in the skirmish of the previous day. The
+other plaque lists the troops, mostly sick or non-effective, who
+were left at Harrisburg two days before the battle.</p>
+<p>Following is the roster of the participants at San Jacinto:</p>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Adams, Thomas Jefferson</dt>
+<dt>Aldrich, Collin</dt>
+<dt>Alexander, Jerome B.</dt>
+<dt>Allen, John Melville</dt>
+<dt>Allison, John C.</dt>
+<dt>Allison, Moses</dt>
+<dt>Alsbury, Horace Arlington</dt>
+<dt>Alsbury, Young Perry</dt>
+<dt>Anderson, Washington</dt>
+<dt>Andrews, Micah</dt>
+<dt>Angel, John</dt>
+<dt>Anson, Orin D.</dt>
+<dt>Armot, W. S.</dt>
+<dt>Armstrong, Irwin</dt>
+<dt>Arnold, Hayden</dt>
+<dt>Arocha, Jose Maria</dt>
+<dt>Arocha, Manuel</dt>
+<dt>Arreola, Simon</dt>
+<dt>Atkinson, Milton B.</dt>
+<dt>Avery, Willis</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Bailey, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>Bailey, Howard W.</dt>
+<dt>Bain, Noel M.</dt>
+<dt>Baker, Daniel Davis D.</dt>
+<dt>Baker, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Baker, Moseley</dt>
+<dt>Balch, Hezekiah Benjamin</dt>
+<dt>Balch, John</dt>
+<dt>Bancroft, Jethro Russell</dt>
+<dt>Banks, Reason</dt>
+<dt>Barcinas, Andres</dt>
+<dt>Bardwell, Soloman B.</dt>
+<dt>Barker, George</dt>
+<dt>Barkley, John A.</dt>
+<dt>Barr, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Barstow, Joshua</dt>
+<dt>Bateman, William</dt>
+<dt>Barton, Jefferson A.</dt>
+<dt>Barton, Wayne</dt>
+<dt>Barton, Elder B.</dt>
+<dt>Baxter, Montgomery</dt>
+<dt>Baylor, Dr. John Walker</dt>
+<dt>Bear, Isaac H.</dt>
+<dt>Beard, Andrew Jackson</dt>
+<dt>Beason, Leander</dt>
+<dt>Beauchamp, John</dt>
+<dt>Beebe, John N.</dt>
+<dt>Begley, John</dt>
+<dt>Belden, John</dt>
+<dt>Belknap, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Bell, James Madison</dt>
+<dt>Bell, Peter Hansbrough</dt>
+<dt>Bell, Thomas Henry</dt>
+<dt>Bennett, Joseph L.</dt>
+<dt>Bennett, W. B.</dt>
+<dt>Bennett, William</dt>
+<dt>Benson, Ellis</dt>
+<dt>Benton, Alfred</dt>
+<dt>Benton, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Bernardi, Prospero</dt>
+<dt>Bernbeck, Wilhelm Christoph Frederick</dt>
+<dt>Berry, Andrew Jackson</dt>
+<dt>Berryhill, William M.</dt>
+<dt>Billingsley, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Bingham, Mathias A.</dt>
+<dt>Bird, James</dt>
+<dt>Birt, Samuel Pearce</dt>
+<dt>Bissett, Robert B.</dt>
+<dt>Blackwell, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Blakey, Lemuel Stockton</dt>
+<dt>Bledsoe, George L.</dt>
+<dt>Blue, Uriah</dt>
+<dt>Bollinger, Ephriam</dt>
+<dt>Bollinger, Peter</dt>
+<dt>Bond, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Booker, Dr. Shields</dt>
+<dt>Boom, Garret E.</dt>
+<dt>Borden, John Pettit</dt>
+<dt>Borden, Paschal Pavolo</dt>
+<dt>Bostick, Sion Record</dt>
+<dt>Bottsford, Seymour</dt>
+<dt>Bowen, William Robert</dt>
+<dt>Box, James Edward</dt>
+<dt>Box, John Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Box, Nelson</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_38">38</dt>
+<dt>Box, Thomas Griffin</dt>
+<dt>Boyd, James C.</dt>
+<dt>Boyle, William</dt>
+<dt>Bradley, Isaac B.</dt>
+<dt>Bradley, James</dt>
+<dt>Brake, Michael J.</dt>
+<dt>Branch, Edward Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Breeding, Fidelie S.</dt>
+<dt>Breedlove, A. W.</dt>
+<dt>Brenan, William</dt>
+<dt>Brewer, Henry Mitchell</dt>
+<dt>Brewster, Henry Percy</dt>
+<dt>Brigham, Benjamin Rice</dt>
+<dt>Brigham, Moses W.</dt>
+<dt>Briscoe, Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Brookfield, Francis E.</dt>
+<dt>Brooks, Thomas D.</dt>
+<dt>Brown, David</dt>
+<dt>Brown, George J.</dt>
+<dt>Brown, Oliver T.</dt>
+<dt>Brown, Wilson C.</dt>
+<dt>Browning, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Bruff, Christopher Columbus</dt>
+<dt>Bryan, Luke O.</dt>
+<dt>Bryan, Moses Austin</dt>
+<dt>Bryant, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Buffington, Anderson</dt>
+<dt>Buford, Thomas Young</dt>
+<dt>Bullock, David M.</dt>
+<dt>Bunton, John Wheeler</dt>
+<dt>Burleson, Aaron</dt>
+<dt>Burleson, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Burnam, John Hickerson</dt>
+<dt>Burnam, William Owen</dt>
+<dt>Burton, Isaac Watts</dt>
+<dt>Bust, Luke W.</dt>
+<dt>Butts, Augustus J.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Caddell, Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Cage, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Calder, Robert James</dt>
+<dt>Caldwell, Pinckney</dt>
+<dt>Callicoatte, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Callihan, Thomas Jefferson</dt>
+<dt>Campbell, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Campbell, Michael</dt>
+<dt>Cannan, William Jarvis</dt>
+<dt>Carmona, Ceasario</dt>
+<dt>Carnal, Patrick</dt>
+<dt>Carpenter, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Carper, Dr. William M.</dt>
+<dt>Carr, John</dt>
+<dt>Carter, Robert W. P.</dt>
+<dt>Cartwright, Matthew Winston</dt>
+<dt>Cartwright, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Caruthers, Allen</dt>
+<dt>Casillas, Gabriel</dt>
+<dt>Cassidy, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Chadduck, Richard H.</dt>
+<dt>Chaffin, James A.</dt>
+<dt>Chapman, Henry S.</dt>
+<dt>Chavenoe, Michael</dt>
+<dt>Cheairs, John F.</dt>
+<dt>Cheevers, John</dt>
+<dt>Chenoweth, John</dt>
+<dt>Chiles, Lewis L.</dt>
+<dt>Choate, David, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Christie, John</dt>
+<dt>Clapp, Elisha</dt>
+<dt>Clark, James</dt>
+<dt>Clark, John</dt>
+<dt>Clark, William</dt>
+<dt>Clarke, Charles A.</dt>
+<dt>Clarkson, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Clayton, Joseph Alvey</dt>
+<dt>Clelens, Josh</dt>
+<dt>Clemmons, Lewis Chapman</dt>
+<dt>Clemmons, William H.</dt>
+<dt>Cleveland, Horatio N.</dt>
+<dt>Clopper, &mdash;&mdash;</dt>
+<dt>Coble, Adam</dt>
+<dt>Cochran, Jeremiah D.</dt>
+<dt>Coffman, Elkin G.</dt>
+<dt>Coker, John</dt>
+<dt>Cole, Benjamin L.</dt>
+<dt>Cole, David</dt>
+<dt>Coleman, Robert M.</dt>
+<dt>Collard, Job Starks</dt>
+<dt>Collins, Willis</dt>
+<dt>Collinsworth, James</dt>
+<dt>Colton, William</dt>
+<dt>Conlee, Preston</dt>
+<dt>Conn, James</dt>
+<dt>Connell, Sampson</dt>
+<dt>Connor, James</dt>
+<dt>Cook, James R.</dt>
+<dt>Cooke, Francis Jarvis</dt>
+<dt>Cooke, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Cooke, William Gordon</dt>
+<dt>Cooper, Mathias</dt>
+<dt>Corry, Thomas F.</dt>
+<dt>Corzine, Hershel</dt>
+<dt>Cox, Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Cox, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Craddock, John Robert</dt>
+<dt>Craft, James A.</dt>
+<dt>Craft, Russell B.</dt>
+<dt>Craig, Henry R.</dt>
+<dt>Crain, Joel Burditt</dt>
+<dt>Crain, Roden Taylor</dt>
+<dt>Cravens, Robert M.</dt>
+<dt>Crawford, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Criswell, William Vanoy</dt>
+<dt>Crittenden, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Crittenden, William</dt>
+<dt>Crosby, Ganey</dt>
+<dt>Crunk, Nicholas S.</dt>
+<dt>Cruz, Antonio</dt>
+<dt>Cumba, James</dt>
+<dt>Cumberland, George</dt>
+<dt>Cunningham, Leander Calvin</dt>
+<dt>Curbiere, Antonio</dt>
+<dt>Curbiere, Matias</dt>
+<dt>Curtis, Hinton</dt>
+<dt>Curtis, James, Sr.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Dale, Elijah Valentine</dt>
+<dt>Dallas, Walter Riddle</dt>
+<dt>Dalrymple, John</dt>
+<dt>Darling, Socrates</dt>
+<dt>Darr, George</dt>
+<dt>Darst, Edmund Calloway</dt>
+<dt>Darst, Richard Brownfield</dt>
+<dt>Davey, Thomas P.</dt>
+<dt>Davidson, John F.</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Abner C.</dt>
+<dt>Davis, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Davis, James P.</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Jesse Kencheloe</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Moses H.</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Travis</dt>
+<dt>Davis, Washington H.</dt>
+<dt>Dawson, Nicholas Mosby</dt>
+<dt>Day, William</dt>
+<dt>Deadrick, David</dt>
+<dt>Deadrick, Fielding</dt>
+<dt>Deadrick, George M.</dt>
+<dt>Denham, M. H.</dt>
+<dt>Denman, Colden</dt>
+<dt>Dennis, Thomas Mason</dt>
+<dt>De Vore, Cornelius</dt>
+<dt>DeWitt, James C.</dt>
+<dt>Dibble, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Dillard, Abraham</dt>
+<dt>Dixon, James W.</dt>
+<dt>Doan, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Doolittle, Berry</dt>
+<dt>Doubt, Daniel L.</dt>
+<dt>Douthet, James</dt>
+<dt>Dubromer, Dr. Tobias</dt>
+<dt>Duffee, William</dt>
+<dt>Dunbar, William</dt>
+<dt>Duncan, John</dt>
+<dt>Dunham, Daniel T.</dt>
+<dt>Dunn, Matthew</dt>
+<dt>Durham, William Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Dutcher, Alfred</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Earl, William</dt>
+<dt>Eastland, William Mosby</dt>
+<dt>Edgar, Joseph Smith</dt>
+<dt>Edingburg, Christopher Columbus</dt>
+<dt>Edson, Amos B.</dt>
+<dt>Edwards, Isiah</dt>
+<dt>Edwards, Tilford C.</dt>
+<dt>Egbert, James D.</dt>
+<dt>Eggleston, Horace</dt>
+<dt>Ehlinger, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Eldridge, James J.</dt>
+<dt>Ellinger, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Elliot, James D.</dt>
+<dt>Elliot, Peter S.</dt>
+<dt>Ellis, Willis L.</dt>
+<dt>Enriquez, Lucio</dt>
+<dt>Erath, George Bernhard</dt>
+<dt>Evetts, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Ewing, Dr. Alexander Wray</dt>
+<dt>Eyler, Jacob</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Faris, Hezekiah</dt>
+<dt>Farley, Thomas M.</dt>
+<dt>Farmer, James</dt>
+<dt>Farrish, Oscar</dt>
+<dt>Farwell, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Fennell, George</dt>
+<dt>Ferrell, John P.</dt>
+<dt>Ferrill, William L.</dt>
+<dt>Fields, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Finch, Matthew</dt>
+<dt>Fisher, William</dt>
+<dt>Fisher, William S.</dt>
+<dt>Fitch, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Fitzhugh, Dr. John P. T.</dt>
+<dt>Flick, John</dt>
+<dt>Flores, Manuel</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_39">39</dt>
+<dt>Flores, Martin</dt>
+<dt>Flores, Nepomuceno</dt>
+<dt>Floyd, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Flynn, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Foard, Charles A.</dt>
+<dt>Fogle, Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Foley, Steven Tucker</dt>
+<dt>Forbes, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Forbes, John</dt>
+<dt>Ford, Simon Peter</dt>
+<dt>Forrester, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Foster, Anthony</dt>
+<dt>Foster, John Ray</dt>
+<dt>Fowle, Thomas Patton</dt>
+<dt>Fowler, Styles J.</dt>
+<dt>Fowler, Thomas M.</dt>
+<dt>Franklin, Benjamin Cromwell</dt>
+<dt>Frazer, Hugh</dt>
+<dt>Freele, James</dt>
+<dt>Fry, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Fullerton, William</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Gafford, John</dt>
+<dt>Gage, Calvin</dt>
+<dt>Gainer, John N.</dt>
+<dt>Gallaher, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Gallatin, Albert</dt>
+<dt>Gammell, William</dt>
+<dt>Gant, William W.</dt>
+<dt>Gardner, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Garner, John</dt>
+<dt>Garwood, S. Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Gay, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Gedry, Lefroy</dt>
+<dt>Gentry, Frederick Browder</dt>
+<dt>Giddings, Giles Albert</dt>
+<dt>Gilbert, John Floyd</dt>
+<dt>Gill, John Porter</dt>
+<dt>Gill, William</dt>
+<dt>Gillaspie, James</dt>
+<dt>Gillespie, Luke John</dt>
+<dt>Glidwell, Abner</dt>
+<dt>Goheen, Michael R.</dt>
+<dt>Goodloe, Robert Kemp</dt>
+<dt>Goodwin, Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Graham, John</dt>
+<dt>Graves, Alexander S.</dt>
+<dt>Graves, Thomas A.</dt>
+<dt>Gray, James</dt>
+<dt>Gray, Mayberry B.</dt>
+<dt>Green, B.</dt>
+<dt>Green, George</dt>
+<dt>Green, James</dt>
+<dt>Green, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Greenlaw, Augus</dt>
+<dt>Greenwood, James</dt>
+<dt>Greer, Thomas N. B.</dt>
+<dt>Grice, James B.</dt>
+<dt>Grieves, David</dt>
+<dt>Griffin, William</dt>
+<dt>Grigsby, Crawford</dt>
+<dt>Gross, Jacob</dt>
+<dt>Gustine, Dr. Lemuel</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Halderman, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Hale, John C.</dt>
+<dt>Hale, William</dt>
+<dt>Hall, James S.</dt>
+<dt>Hall, John</dt>
+<dt>Hallet, John, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Hallmark, William Calvert</dt>
+<dt>Halstead, E. B.</dt>
+<dt>Hamilton, Elias E.</dt>
+<dt>Hancock, George Duncan</dt>
+<dt>Handy, Robert Eden</dt>
+<dt>Hanson, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Hardaway, Samuel G.</dt>
+<dt>Hardeman, Thomas Monroe</dt>
+<dt>Hardin, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Harmon, Clark M.</dt>
+<dt>Harmon, John A.</dt>
+<dt>Harness, William</dt>
+<dt>Harper, Benjamin J.</dt>
+<dt>Harper, John</dt>
+<dt>Harper, Peter</dt>
+<dt>Harris, Andrew Jackson</dt>
+<dt>Harris, James</dt>
+<dt>Harris, Temple Overton</dt>
+<dt>Harrison, A. L.</dt>
+<dt>Harrison, Elzy</dt>
+<dt>Harvey, David</dt>
+<dt>Harvey, John</dt>
+<dt>Haskins, Thomas A.</dt>
+<dt>Hassell, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Hawkins, William J.</dt>
+<dt>Hawkins, William Washington</dt>
+<dt>Hayr, James</dt>
+<dt>Hays, William C.</dt>
+<dt>Hazen, Nathaniel C.</dt>
+<dt>Heard, William Jones Elliot</dt>
+<dt>Heck, Charles F.</dt>
+<dt>Henderson, Francis K.</dt>
+<dt>Henderson, Hugh</dt>
+<dt>Henderson, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Henderstrom, Augustus</dt>
+<dt>Henry, Charles M.</dt>
+<dt>Henry, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Herrera, Pedro</dt>
+<dt>Herron, John Harvey</dt>
+<dt>Hickox, Franklin B.</dt>
+<dt>Higsmith, Ahijah M.</dt>
+<dt>Hill, Abraham Webb</dt>
+<dt>Hill, H.</dt>
+<dt>Hill, Isaac Lafayette</dt>
+<dt>Hill, James Monroe</dt>
+<dt>Hobson, John</dt>
+<dt>Hockley, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Hogan, Josiah</dt>
+<dt>Hogan, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Holder, Prior A.</dt>
+<dt>Holman, Sanford</dt>
+<dt>Holmes, Peter W.</dt>
+<dt>Homan, Harvey</dt>
+<dt>Hood, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Hope, Prosper</dt>
+<dt>Hopson, Lucien</dt>
+<dt>Horton, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>Hotchkiss, Rinaldo</dt>
+<dt>Houston, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Howard, William C.</dt>
+<dt>Howell, Robert F.</dt>
+<dt>Hueser, John A.</dt>
+<dt>Hughes, Thomas M.</dt>
+<dt>Hunt, John Campbell</dt>
+<dt>Hyland, Joseph</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Ijams, Basil G.</dt>
+<dt>Ingram, Allen</dt>
+<dt>Ingram, John</dt>
+<dt>Irvine, James Thomas Patton</dt>
+<dt>Irvine, Josephus Somerville</dt>
+<dt>Isbell, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Isbell, William</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Jack, William Houston</dt>
+<dt>Jackson, W. R.</dt>
+<dt>James, Denward</dt>
+<dt>Jaques, Isaac L.</dt>
+<dt>Jennings, James D.</dt>
+<dt>Jett, James Matthew</dt>
+<dt>Jett, Stephen</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, Benjamin</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, George</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, George J.</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, James</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, John R.</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, John R.</dt>
+<dt>Johnston, Thomas F.</dt>
+<dt>Jones, Allen B.</dt>
+<dt>Jones, Dr. Anson</dt>
+<dt>Jones, David J.</dt>
+<dt>Jones, Edward S.</dt>
+<dt>Jones, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Jordan, Alfred S.</dt>
+<dt>Joslin, James</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Karner, John</dt>
+<dt>Karnes, Henry Wax</dt>
+<dt>Kelly, Connell O&rsquo;Donnell</dt>
+<dt>Kelso, Alfred</dt>
+<dt>Kenkennon, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Kennard, William Stephens</dt>
+<dt>Kent, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Kenyon, Amos D.</dt>
+<dt>Kibbe, William</dt>
+<dt>Kimbro, William</dt>
+<dt>Kincheloe, Daniel R.</dt>
+<dt>King, W.</dt>
+<dt>Kleburg, Robert Justus</dt>
+<dt>Kornegay, David Smith</dt>
+<dt>Kraatz, Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, Matthew</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Labadie, Dr. Nicholas Descomp&rsquo;s</dt>
+<dt>Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte</dt>
+<dt>Lamar, Shelly W.</dt>
+<dt>Lamb, George A.</dt>
+<dt>Lambert, Walter</dt>
+<dt>Lane, Walter Paye</dt>
+<dt>Lang, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Lapham, Moses</dt>
+<dt>Larbarthrier, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Larrison, Allen</dt>
+<dt>Lasater, Francis B.</dt>
+<dt>Lawrence, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Lawrence, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Lealand, James</dt>
+<dt>Leek, George W.</dt>
+<dt>Leeper, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Legg, Seneca</dt>
+<dt>Legrand, Edward Oswald</dt>
+<dt>Lemsky, Frederick</dt>
+<dt>Lessassier, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>Lester, James Seaton</dt>
+<dt>Leuders, Ferdinand</dt>
+<dt>Lewellyn, John</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_40">40</dt>
+<dt>Lewis, Abraham</dt>
+<dt>Lewis, Archibald S.</dt>
+<dt>Lewis, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Lewis, John Edward</dt>
+<dt>Lightfoot, William W.</dt>
+<dt>Lightfoot, Wilson T.</dt>
+<dt>Lind, John F.</dt>
+<dt>Lindsay, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Loderback, John D.</dt>
+<dt>Logan, William M.</dt>
+<dt>Lolison, Abiah</dt>
+<dt>Lonis, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Loughridge, William Wallace</dt>
+<dt>Love, David Hall</dt>
+<dt>Love, Robert S.</dt>
+<dt>Lowary, John L.</dt>
+<dt>Lupton, Cyrus W.</dt>
+<dt>Lyford, John</dt>
+<dt>Lynch, Nicholas</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Magill, William Harrison</dt>
+<dt>Maiden, Isaac</dt>
+<dt>Maldonado, Juan</dt>
+<dt>Malone, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Mancha, Jose Maria</dt>
+<dt>Manning, James M.</dt>
+<dt>Manuel, Albert C.</dt>
+<dt>Marner, John</dt>
+<dt>Marre, Achelle</dt>
+<dt>Marsh, Alonzo</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, John Ligett</dt>
+<dt>Martin, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Martin, Philip</dt>
+<dt>Mason, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Mason, George W.</dt>
+<dt>Massey, William</dt>
+<dt>Maxwell, Pierre Menard</dt>
+<dt>Maxwell, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Maybee, Jacob</dt>
+<dt>Mays, Ambrose</dt>
+<dt>Mays, Thomas H.</dt>
+<dt>McAllister, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>McClelland, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>McCloskey, Robert D.</dt>
+<dt>McCorlay, Placide B.</dt>
+<dt>McCormick, Joseph Manton</dt>
+<dt>McCoy, John</dt>
+<dt>McCoy, William</dt>
+<dt>McCrabb, John</dt>
+<dt>McCrabb, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>McCullough, Benjamin</dt>
+<dt>McFadin, David Hutcheson</dt>
+<dt>McFarlane, John W. B.</dt>
+<dt>McGary, Daniel H.</dt>
+<dt>McGary, Isaac</dt>
+<dt>McGay, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>McGown, Andrew Jackson</dt>
+<dt>McHorse, John W.</dt>
+<dt>McIntire, Thomas H.</dt>
+<dt>McIntire, William</dt>
+<dt>McKay, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>McKenzie, Hugh</dt>
+<dt>McKinza, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>McKneely, Samuel M.</dt>
+<dt>McLaughlin, Robert</dt>
+<dt>McLaughlin, Stephen</dt>
+<dt>McLean, McDougald</dt>
+<dt>McMillan, Edward</dt>
+<dt>McNeel, Pleasant D.</dt>
+<dt>McNelly, Bennett</dt>
+<dt>McStea, Andrew M.</dt>
+<dt>Menchaca, Jose Antonio</dt>
+<dt>Menefee, John Sutherland</dt>
+<dt>Mercer, Eli</dt>
+<dt>Mercer, Elijah G.</dt>
+<dt>Mercer, George Richie</dt>
+<dt>Merritt, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Merwin, Joseph W.</dt>
+<dt>Miles, Alfred H.</dt>
+<dt>Miles, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Millard, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Millen, William A.</dt>
+<dt>Miller, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Miller, Hugh</dt>
+<dt>Miller, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Miller, William H.</dt>
+<dt>Millerman, Ira</dt>
+<dt>Millett, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Mills, Andrew Granville</dt>
+<dt>Mims, Benjamin Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Minnitt, Joshua.</dt>
+<dt>Mitchell, Alexander S.</dt>
+<dt>Mitchell, James</dt>
+<dt>Mitchell, Nathen</dt>
+<dt>Mitchell, S. B.</dt>
+<dt>Mixon, Noel</dt>
+<dt>Mock, William N.</dt>
+<dt>Molino, Jose</dt>
+<dt>Money, John Hamilton</dt>
+<dt>Montgomery, Andrew M.</dt>
+<dt>Montgomery, John</dt>
+<dt>Montgomery, Robert W.</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Robert D.</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Moore, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Mordorff, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Moreland, Isaac N.</dt>
+<dt>Morgan, Hugh</dt>
+<dt>Morris, Jonathan D.</dt>
+<dt>Morton, John</dt>
+<dt>Mosier, Adam</dt>
+<dt>Moss, John</dt>
+<dt>Moss, Matthew Mark</dt>
+<dt>Mottley, Dr. Junius William</dt>
+<dt>Murphree, David</dt>
+<dt>Murphy, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Murray, William</dt>
+<dt>Myrick, Eliakin P.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Nabers, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Nabers, William</dt>
+<dt>Nash, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Navarro, Juan Nepomuceno</dt>
+<dt>Neal, John C.</dt>
+<dt>Nealis, Francis</dt>
+<dt>Neill, James Clinton</dt>
+<dt>Nelson, David S.</dt>
+<dt>Nelson, James</dt>
+<dt>Newman, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Noland, Eli</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>O&rsquo;Banion, Jennings</dt>
+<dt>O&rsquo;Connor, Patrick B.</dt>
+<dt>O&rsquo;Connor, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Odem, David</dt>
+<dt>O&rsquo;Driscoll, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>O&rsquo;Neil, John</dt>
+<dt>Orr, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Osborne, Benjamin S.</dt>
+<dt>Ownsby, James P.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Pace, Dempsey Council</dt>
+<dt>Pace, James Robert</dt>
+<dt>Pace, Wesley Walker</dt>
+<dt>Pace, William Carroll</dt>
+<dt>Park, Joseph Belton</dt>
+<dt>Park, William A.</dt>
+<dt>Parker, Dickerson</dt>
+<dt>Parrott, C. W.</dt>
+<dt>Paschall, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Pate, William H.</dt>
+<dt>Patterson, James S.</dt>
+<dt>Patton, St. Clair</dt>
+<dt>Patton, William</dt>
+<dt>Patton, William Hester</dt>
+<dt>Pearce, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Pearce, William J. C.</dt>
+<dt>Peck, Nathaniel</dt>
+<dt>Peck, Nicholas</dt>
+<dt>Peebles, Samuel W.</dt>
+<dt>Pena, Jacinto</dt>
+<dt>Penticost, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Perry, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Perry, James Hazard</dt>
+<dt>Peterson, John</dt>
+<dt>Peterson, William</dt>
+<dt>Pettus, Edward Cratic</dt>
+<dt>Pettus, John Freeman</dt>
+<dt>Petty, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Peveto, Michael, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Phelps, James A. E.</dt>
+<dt>Phillips, Eli</dt>
+<dt>Phillips, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Phillips, Sydney</dt>
+<dt>Pickering, John</dt>
+<dt>Pinchback, James R.</dt>
+<dt>Plaster, Thomas Pliney</dt>
+<dt>Pleasants, John</dt>
+<dt>Plunkett, John</dt>
+<dt>Poe, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Powell, James</dt>
+<dt>Pratt, Thomas A. S.</dt>
+<dt>Proctor, Joseph W.</dt>
+<dt>Pruitt, Levi</dt>
+<dt>Pruitt, Martin</dt>
+<dt>Putnam, Mitchell</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Rainey, Clement</dt>
+<dt>Rainwater, Edwin R.</dt>
+<dt>Ramey, Lawrence</dt>
+<dt>Ramirez, Eduardo</dt>
+<dt>Raymond, Samuel B.</dt>
+<dt>Reaves, Dimer W.</dt>
+<dt>Rector, Claiborne</dt>
+<dt>Rector, Elbridge Gerry</dt>
+<dt>Rector, Pendleton</dt>
+<dt>Redd, William Davis</dt>
+<dt>Reed, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Reed, Nathaniel</dt>
+<dt>Reel, Robert J. W.</dt>
+<dt>Reese, Charles Keller</dt>
+<dt>Reese, Washington Perry</dt>
+<dt>Rheinhart, Asa</dt>
+<dt>Rhodes, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Rial, John W.</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_41">41</dt>
+<dt>Richardson, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Richardson, John</dt>
+<dt>Richardson, Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Richardson, William</dt>
+<dt>Ripley, Phineas</dt>
+<dt>Robbins, John</dt>
+<dt>Robbins, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Roberts, David</dt>
+<dt>Roberts, Zion</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, James W.</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, Thomas Jefferson</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, William</dt>
+<dt>Robison, Joel Walter</dt>
+<dt>Rockwell, Chester B.</dt>
+<dt>Rodriquez, Ambrosio</dt>
+<dt>Roeder, Louis Von</dt>
+<dt>Roman, Richard</dt>
+<dt>Rounds, Lyman Frank</dt>
+<dt>Rowe, James</dt>
+<dt>Ruddell, John</dt>
+<dt>Rudder, Nathaniel</dt>
+<dt>Rusk, David</dt>
+<dt>Rusk, Thomas Jefferson</dt>
+<dt>Russell, Robert Benedict</dt>
+<dt>Ryans, Thomas</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Sadler, John</dt>
+<dt>Sadler, William Turner</dt>
+<dt>Sanders, John</dt>
+<dt>Sanders, Uriah</dt>
+<dt>Sanett, D. Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Sayers, John</dt>
+<dt>Scallorn, John Wesley</dt>
+<dt>Scarborough, Paul</dt>
+<dt>Scates, William Bennett</dt>
+<dt>Scott, David</dt>
+<dt>Scott, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Scurry, Richardson A.</dt>
+<dt>Seaton, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Secrest, Fielding Grundy</dt>
+<dt>Secrest, Washington Hampton</dt>
+<dt>Seguin, Juan Nepomuceno</dt>
+<dt>Self, George</dt>
+<dt>Sergent, W.</dt>
+<dt>Sevey, Manasseh</dt>
+<dt>Sevey, Ralph E.</dt>
+<dt>Shain, Charles B.</dt>
+<dt>Sharp, John</dt>
+<dt>Shaw, James</dt>
+<dt>Sherman, Sidney</dt>
+<dt>Shesten, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Shreve, John Milton</dt>
+<dt>Shupe, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Sigmon, Abel</dt>
+<dt>Simmons, William</dt>
+<dt>Slack, Joseph H.</dt>
+<dt>Slayton, John</dt>
+<dt>Smith, Benjamin Fort</dt>
+<dt>Smith, Erastus</dt>
+<dt>Smith, George</dt>
+<dt>Smith, James Monroe</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John N. O.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, Leander</dt>
+<dt>Smith, Maxlin</dt>
+<dt>Smith, Robert W.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William C.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William H.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William M.</dt>
+<dt>Snell, Martin Kingsley</dt>
+<dt>Snyder, Asberry McKendree</dt>
+<dt>Somervell, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>Sovereign, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Sparks, Stephen Franklin</dt>
+<dt>Spicer, Joseph A.</dt>
+<dt>Spillman, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Stancell, John F.</dt>
+<dt>Standifer, Jacob Littleton</dt>
+<dt>Standifer, William Bailey</dt>
+<dt>Stibbins, Charles C.</dt>
+<dt>Steel, Maxwell</dt>
+<dt>Steele, Alfonso</dt>
+<dt>Stephens, Ashley R.</dt>
+<dt>Stephenson, John Allen</dt>
+<dt>Stevenson, R.</dt>
+<dt>Stevenson, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Stewart, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Stewart, James</dt>
+<dt>Stilwell, William S.</dt>
+<dt>Stouffer, Henry S.</dt>
+<dt>Stout, William B.</dt>
+<dt>Stroh, Phillip</dt>
+<dt>Stroud, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Stump, John S.</dt>
+<dt>Sullivan, Dennis</dt>
+<dt>Summers, William W.</dt>
+<dt>Sutherland, George</dt>
+<dt>Swain, William L.</dt>
+<dt>Swearingen, Valentine Wesley</dt>
+<dt>Swearingen, William C.</dt>
+<dt>Sweeny, Thomas Jefferson</dt>
+<dt>Sweeny, William Burrell</dt>
+<dt>Swift, Hugh Montgomery</dt>
+<dt>Swisher, Henry H.</dt>
+<dt>Swisher, John Milton</dt>
+<dt>Sylvester, James Austin</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Tanner, Edward M.</dt>
+<dt>Tarin, Manuel</dt>
+<dt>Tarlton, James</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, Abraham R.</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, Campbell</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, Edward W.</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, John N.</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Taylor, William S.</dt>
+<dt>Thomas, Benjamin, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Thomas, Algernon P.</dt>
+<dt>Thompson, Charles P.</dt>
+<dt>Thompson, Cyrus W.</dt>
+<dt>Thompson, James B.</dt>
+<dt>Thompson, Jesse G.</dt>
+<dt>Threadgill, Joshua</dt>
+<dt>Tierwester, Henry H.</dt>
+<dt>Tindale, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Tindall, William Pike</dt>
+<dt>Tinsley, James W.</dt>
+<dt>Tom, John Files</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, Spencer Burton</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, Stephen</dt>
+<dt>Trask, Olwyn J.</dt>
+<dt>Trenary, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Tumlinson, John James</dt>
+<dt>Turnage, Shelby C.</dt>
+<dt>Turner, Amasa</dt>
+<dt>Tyler, Charles C.</dt>
+<dt>Tyler, Robert D.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Usher, Patrick</dt>
+<dt>Utley, Thomas C.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Vandeveer, Logan</dt>
+<dt>Van Winkle, John</dt>
+<dt>Vermillion, Joseph D.</dt>
+<dt>Vinator, James</dt>
+<dt>Viven, John</dt>
+<dt>Votaw, Elijah</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Wade, John Marshall</dt>
+<dt>Waldron, C. W.</dt>
+<dt>Walker, James</dt>
+<dt>Walker, Martin</dt>
+<dt>Walker, Philip</dt>
+<dt>Walker, William S.</dt>
+<dt>Walling, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Walmsley, James</dt>
+<dt>Walnut, Francis</dt>
+<dt>Wardziski, Felix</dt>
+<dt>Ware, William</dt>
+<dt>Waters, George</dt>
+<dt>Waters, William</dt>
+<dt>Watkins, James E.</dt>
+<dt>Watson, Dexter</dt>
+<dt>Webb, George</dt>
+<dt>Webb, Thomas H.</dt>
+<dt>Weedon, George</dt>
+<dt>Welch, James</dt>
+<dt>Wells, James A.</dt>
+<dt>Wells, Lysander</dt>
+<dt>Weppler, Phillip</dt>
+<dt>Wertzner, Christian Gotthelf</dt>
+<dt>Westgate, Ezra C.</dt>
+<dt>Wharton, James</dt>
+<dt>Wharton, John Austin</dt>
+<dt>Wheeler, Samuel L.</dt>
+<dt>Whitaker, Madison G.</dt>
+<dt>White, John Carey</dt>
+<dt>White, Joseph E.</dt>
+<dt>White, Levi W.</dt>
+<dt>Whitesides, Elisha S.</dt>
+<dt>Wilcox, Ozwin</dt>
+<dt>Wilder, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Wildy, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Wilkinson, Freeman</dt>
+<dt>Wilkinson, James</dt>
+<dt>Wilkinson, James G., Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Wilkinson, John</dt>
+<dt>Wilkinson, Leroy</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Charles</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Francis F.</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Hezekiah Reams</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Matthew R.</dt>
+<dt>Williams, William F.</dt>
+<dt>Williamson, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Williamson, Robert McAlpin</dt>
+<dt>Willoughby, Leiper</dt>
+<dt>Wilmouth, Louis</dt>
+<dt>Wilson, James</dt>
+<dt>Wilson, Thomas</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_42">42</dt>
+<dt>Wilson, Walker</dt>
+<dt>Winburn, McHenry</dt>
+<dt>Winn, Walter</dt>
+<dt>Winters, James Washington</dt>
+<dt>Winters, John Frelan</dt>
+<dt>Winters, William Carvin</dt>
+<dt>Wood, Edward B.</dt>
+<dt>Wood, William</dt>
+<dt>Woodlief, Deveraux J.</dt>
+<dt>Woods, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>Woodward, F. Marion</dt>
+<dt>Woolsey, Abner W.</dt>
+<dt>Wright, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Wright, Rufus</dt>
+<dt>Wyly, Alfred Henderson</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Yancy, John</dt>
+<dt>Yarborough, Swanson</dt>
+<dt>York, James Allison</dt>
+<dt>Young, William Foster</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Zavala, Lorenzo de, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Zumwalt, Andrew</dt></dl>
+<p class="tb">Obeying the instructions of General Houston, the following officers
+and men remained April 21, 1836, at the camp of the Texas army established
+opposite Harrisburg. There the sick were attended by their comrades
+who guarded the baggage and acted as rear guard of the main
+army.</p>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Abbott, Calvin P.</dt>
+<dt>Abbott, Launcelot</dt>
+<dt>Allphin, Ransom</dt>
+<dt>Anderson, John D.</dt>
+<dt>Anderson, John W.</dt>
+<dt>Anderson, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Anderson, Thomas P.</dt>
+<dt>Atkinson, John</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Baker, Walter Elias</dt>
+<dt>Barker, William</dt>
+<dt>Bartlett, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Beams, Obediah P.</dt>
+<dt>Belcher, Isham G.</dt>
+<dt>Bennett, James</dt>
+<dt>Benton, Jesse, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Berry, John Bate</dt>
+<dt>Black, Albert</dt>
+<dt>Blaylock, James B.</dt>
+<dt>Blount, Stephen William</dt>
+<dt>Bomar, Dr. William W.</dt>
+<dt>Bond, George</dt>
+<dt>Bostick, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Box, Stilwell</dt>
+<dt>Boyce, Jeptha</dt>
+<dt>Bracey, McLin</dt>
+<dt>Bradley, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Breeding, John</dt>
+<dt>Breeding, Napoleon Bonaparte</dt>
+<dt>Brown, Alexander</dt>
+<dt>Brown, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Bryody, Patrick</dt>
+<dt>Burch, James</dt>
+<dt>Burch, Valentine</dt>
+<dt>Burditt, Newell W.</dt>
+<dt>Burditt, William Buck</dt>
+<dt>Burleson, Jonathan</dt>
+<dt>Burtrang, Thomas</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Campbell, David Wilson</dt>
+<dt>Campbell, Heil Otem</dt>
+<dt>Campbell, John</dt>
+<dt>Campbell, Rufus Easton</dt>
+<dt>Cannon, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Caruthers, Young</dt>
+<dt>Casey, George M.</dt>
+<dt>Castleman, Jacob</dt>
+<dt>Chamberlin, Willard</dt>
+<dt>Chance, Joseph Bell</dt>
+<dt>Chelaup, James K.</dt>
+<dt>Childress, James R.</dt>
+<dt>Cockrell, John R.</dt>
+<dt>Coe, Philip Haddox</dt>
+<dt>Cole, James</dt>
+<dt>Collard, James Hillness</dt>
+<dt>Collard, Jonathan S.</dt>
+<dt>Connell, David C.</dt>
+<dt>Conner, Evan</dt>
+<dt>Cook, Octavious A.</dt>
+<dt>Cottle, Sylvanus</dt>
+<dt>Cox, Phillip</dt>
+<dt>Crawford, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Crier, Andrew</dt>
+<dt>Crownover, Arter</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Darst, Emory Holman</dt>
+<dt>Davis, John</dt>
+<dt>Davis, William Francis H.</dt>
+<dt>Dickinson, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Douglass, Freeman Walker</dt>
+<dt>Douglass, Jonathan</dt>
+<dt>Duff, James Carson</dt>
+<dt>Dunn, Josiah G.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Emmons, Calvin Brallery</dt>
+<dt>Etheridge, Godfrey</dt>
+<dt>Evans, Moses</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Farley, Massillon</dt>
+<dt>Farnsworth, Oliver</dt>
+<dt>Finley, Benjamin C.</dt>
+<dt>Fisk, Greenleaf</dt>
+<dt>Fitzgerald, Lankford</dt>
+<dt>Francis, Miller</dt>
+<dt>Freed, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Freeman, Thomas</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Gillett, Samuel S.</dt>
+<dt>Goolsey, William G.</dt>
+<dt>Gordon, James</dt>
+<dt>Gorham, Isaac</dt>
+<dt>Gorham, William</dt>
+<dt>Granville, Benjamin</dt>
+<dt>Gravis, John A. F.</dt>
+<dt>Grimes, Frederick Miller</dt>
+<dt>Grimes, George W.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Haggard, Henry H.</dt>
+<dt>Hale, Jonas</dt>
+<dt>Hallmark, Alfred M.</dt>
+<dt>Harbour, John Monroe</dt>
+<dt>Harbour, T. J.</dt>
+<dt>Hardin, Ennis</dt>
+<dt>Harris, Isaac</dt>
+<dt>Hatfield, Basil Muse</dt>
+<dt>Head, Wiley M.</dt>
+<dt>Hensley, John M.</dt>
+<dt>Hill, David</dt>
+<dt>Hill, William Warner</dt>
+<dt>Hinds, James B.</dt>
+<dt>Hodge, Archibald</dt>
+<dt>Hodge, James</dt>
+<dt>Hodge, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Hodge, William</dt>
+<dt>Holcombe, James J.</dt>
+<dt>Hollingsworth, James</dt>
+<dt>Hope, Richard</dt>
+<dt>Hughes, James</dt>
+<dt>Hunter, Robert Hancock</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Jackson, Joseph</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, Joseph Ranson</dt>
+<dt>Johnson, Nathan B.</dt>
+<dt>Jones, Keeton McLemore</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Kemp, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Kennard, William Everett</dt>
+<dt>Kenney, William H.</dt>
+<dt>Kerr, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Kokernot, Daniel L.</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, Adam</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, Brazilla</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, Gibson</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, H. A.</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, James Hampton</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, John</dt>
+<dt>Kuykendall, Thornton S.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Law, Garret</dt>
+<dt>Lee, Hiram</dt>
+<dt>Lee, Theodore Staunton</dt>
+<dt>Lightfoot, Henry L.</dt>
+<dt>Litton, Addison</dt>
+<dt>Litton, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Litton, John</dt>
+<dt>Liverall, A.</dt>
+<dt>Lloyd, Peterson</dt>
+<dt class="pb" id="Page_43">43</dt>
+<dt>Lynch, Joseph Penn</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Manning, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Mantin, L.</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, Elias J.</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, Hugh Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, John, Jr.</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, Joseph Taylor</dt>
+<dt>Marshall, Samuel B.</dt>
+<dt>Mather, Elisha</dt>
+<dt>Maurry, James</dt>
+<dt>McCrocklin, Jesse Lindsey</dt>
+<dt>McFaddin, Nathaniel A.</dt>
+<dt>McFadin, William M.</dt>
+<dt>McFall, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>McGown, Samuel</dt>
+<dt>McIntire, William</dt>
+<dt>McLaughlin, James</dt>
+<dt>McLaughlin, William</dt>
+<dt>McMaster, William</dt>
+<dt>McMillan, Andrew</dt>
+<dt>McMillan, James</dt>
+<dt>McNutt, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Means, William</dt>
+<dt>Merritt, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Azariah G.</dt>
+<dt>Moore, John D.</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Lewis</dt>
+<dt>Moore, Morris</dt>
+<dt>Morris, Burrel</dt>
+<dt>Morris, George</dt>
+<dt>Morris, James H.</dt>
+<dt>Morris, Spencer</dt>
+<dt>Newton, John</dt>
+<dt>Norment, Thomas</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Owen, James D.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Page, Soloman Calvin</dt>
+<dt>Parker, Wiley</dt>
+<dt>Peebles, Richard Rodgers</dt>
+<dt>Pennington, J. M.</dt>
+<dt>Perry, Sion W.</dt>
+<dt>Perry, William M.</dt>
+<dt>Pettus, William</dt>
+<dt>Pevehouse, Preston</dt>
+<dt>Pier, James B.</dt>
+<dt>Pleasants, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Polk, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Polk, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Potts, R.</dt>
+<dt>Prewitt, Elisha</dt>
+<dt>Price, Hardy William Brown</dt>
+<dt>Price, Perry</dt>
+<dt>Price, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Price, William</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Rankin, David</dt>
+<dt>Raper, Daniel</dt>
+<dt>Reamos, Sherwood Y.</dt>
+<dt>Rhodes, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Rhorer, Conrad</dt>
+<dt>Ricks, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Robbins, Early</dt>
+<dt>Roberts, Stephen R.</dt>
+<dt>Robertson, Sterling Clack</dt>
+<dt>Robinett, Enoch</dt>
+<dt>Robinett, James M.</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, Benjamin W.</dt>
+<dt>Robinson, James</dt>
+<dt>Rowlett, Alexander W.</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Scaggs, John H.</dt>
+<dt>Scott, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Seaton, George Washington</dt>
+<dt>Sharp, John</dt>
+<dt>Simpson, Jeremiah W.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, John G.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William A.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William P.</dt>
+<dt>Smith, William W.</dt>
+<dt>Snodgrass, J. G.</dt>
+<dt>Splane, Peyton R.</dt>
+<dt>Splane, Thomas M.</dt>
+<dt>Stephens, John</dt>
+<dt>Stevenson, Thomas B.</dt>
+<dt>Swoap, Benjamin Franklin</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Taylor, Josiah</dt>
+<dt>Teal, Henry</dt>
+<dt>Thompson, Thomas</dt>
+<dt>Tinnett, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Tollett, Wesley</dt>
+<dt>Tong, John B.</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, Moses</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, P. John</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, Stephen</dt>
+<dt>Townsend, William</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Vardeman, Henry W.</dt>
+<dt>Varner, Martin</dt>
+<dt>Vaughan, Richard</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Walker, John</dt>
+<dt>Walker, Josiah</dt>
+<dt>Walling, John C.</dt>
+<dt>Whitehead, Nicholas</dt>
+<dt>Whitlock, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Wilburn, Ransom</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Edward</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Hezekiah, Sr.</dt>
+<dt>Williams, Jesse</dt>
+<dt>Winnett, Robert</dt>
+<dt>Winters, Agabus</dt>
+<dt>Wood, William Riley</dt>
+<dt>Woods, Joseph H.</dt>
+<dt>Wright, Gilbert</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Yarborough, Joseph Randolph</dt></dl>
+<dl class="undent"><dt>Zuber, William Physick</dt></dl>
+<h2 id="c17"><span class="small">ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</span></h2>
+<p>Frontispiece &ldquo;Battle of San Jacinto&rdquo; is a photograph of a painting by
+Henry A. McArdle.</p>
+<p>Sam Houston&rsquo;s picture is a photograph by Elwood M. Payne, of an etching
+made from a daguerreotype in the San Jacinto Museum of History.</p>
+<p>Mr. Payne also photographed the base of the monument, showing the
+inscriptions.</p>
+<p>Picture of Santa Anna is a photograph by Paul Peters of a daguerreotype in
+the Museum.</p>
+<p>The photographs of the Brigham monument and the Santa Anna surrender
+marker also are by Paul Peters.</p>
+<p>The surrender of Santa Anna is a photograph by Harry Pennington, Jr., of
+a painting by W. H. Huddle.</p>
+<p>The map showing the route of Sam Houston&rsquo;s army was drawn by L. W.
+Kemp. Map of San Jacinto battleground by Ed Kilman.</p>
+<div class="pb" id="Page_44">44</div>
+<div class="img" id="fig10">
+<img src="images/p13.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="704" />
+<p class="pcap">Bronze armillary sun dial erected on the battlefield in memory of
+the nine Texans killed or mortally wounded at San Jacinto.</p>
+<p class="pcapc">The dial, wrought by Julian Muench, measures twenty-five feet
+in circumference. It was constructed with funds raised by the Daughters
+of the Republic of Texas and the Texas Veterans association and
+was dedicated April 21, 1940.</p>
+</div>
+<h2 id="c18"><span class="small">Footnotes</span></h2>
+<div class="fnblock"><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_1" href="#fr_1">[1]</a>This plantation belonging to Groce has been confused by the historian John Henry
+Brown, and perhaps others, with another plantation he owned which was situated in the
+present county of Grimes, and known as &ldquo;Groce&rsquo;s Retreat.&rdquo;
+</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_2" href="#fr_2">[2]</a>Thomas J. Rusk, Secretary of War, and other Texans who were in the battle said the
+battle cry was &ldquo;Remember the Alamo!&rdquo; &ldquo;Remember La Bahia!&rdquo;
+</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_3" href="#fr_3">[3]</a>With &ldquo;Deaf&rdquo; Smith in the detail that destroyed the bridge were Young P. Alsbury, John
+Coker, John Garner, Moses Lapham. Edwin R. Rainwater and Dimer W. Reaves.
+</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_4" href="#fr_4">[4]</a>In his official report of the battle, April 25, 1836, Houston said 783 Texans took part.
+Yet in a roster published later he listed 845 officers and men at San Jacinto, and by oversight
+omitted Captain Alfred H. Wyly&rsquo;s Company. In a Senate speech February 28, 1859,
+Houston said his effective force never exceeded 700 at any point. Conclusive evidence in
+official records brings the total number at San Jacinto up to 910.
+</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_5" href="#fr_5">[5]</a>Several veterans of the battle said the tune played was &ldquo;Yankee Doodle.&rdquo;
+</div><div class="fndef"><a class="fn"  id="fn_6" href="#fr_6">[6]</a>With Sylvester in the capture of Santa Anna were Joel W. Robison, Joseph D. Vermillion,
+Alfred H. Miles and David Cole.
+</div>
+</div>
+<h2>Transcriber&rsquo;s Notes</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li>
+<li>Silently corrected a few palpable typos.</li>
+<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Battle of San Jacinto and the San
+Jacinto Campaign, by Edward Wolf Kilman and Louis Wiltz Kemp
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO ***
+
+***** This file should be named 57849-h.htm or 57849-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/5/7/8/4/57849/
+
+Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
+be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
+law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
+so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
+States without permission and without paying copyright
+royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
+of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
+and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
+specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
+eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
+for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
+performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
+away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
+not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
+trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
+
+START: FULL LICENSE
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
+Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+
+1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
+destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
+possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
+Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
+by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
+person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
+1.E.8.
+
+1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
+paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
+agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
+Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
+of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
+works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
+States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
+United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
+claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
+displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
+all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
+that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
+free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
+works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
+Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
+comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
+same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
+you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
+in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
+check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
+agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
+distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
+other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
+representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
+country outside the United States.
+
+1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
+immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
+prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
+on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
+performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
+
+  This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+  most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
+  restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
+  under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
+  eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
+  United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
+  are located before using this ebook.
+
+1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
+derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
+contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
+copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
+the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
+redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
+either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
+obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
+additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
+will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
+posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
+beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
+any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
+to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
+other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
+version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
+(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
+to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
+of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
+Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
+full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+provided that
+
+* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+  the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+  you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
+  to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
+  agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
+  within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
+  legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
+  payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
+  Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
+  Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
+  Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+  you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+  does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+  License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
+  copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
+  all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
+  works.
+
+* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
+  any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+  electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
+  receipt of the work.
+
+* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+  distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
+are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
+from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
+Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
+Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
+contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
+or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
+other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
+cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
+with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
+with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
+lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
+or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
+opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
+the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
+without further opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
+OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
+damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
+violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
+agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
+limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
+unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
+remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
+accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
+production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
+including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
+the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
+or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
+additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
+Defect you cause.
+
+Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
+computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
+exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
+from people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
+generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
+Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
+www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
+U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
+mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
+volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
+locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
+Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
+date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
+official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+
+    Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+    Chief Executive and Director
+    gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
+DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
+state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
+donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
+freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
+distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
+volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
+the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
+necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
+edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
+facility: www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>