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-Project Gutenberg's A Character of the Province of Maryland, by George Alsop
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll
-have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
-this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: A Character of the Province of Maryland
-       Described in four distinct parts; also a small Treatise
-       on the Wild and Naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of
-       Maryland, their customs, manners, absurdities, and religion;
-       together with a collection of historical letters.
-
-Author: George Alsop
-
-Contributor: John Gilmary Shay
-
-Release Date: August 30, 2018 [EBook #57811]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by ellinora, RichardW, and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-A CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND BY GEORGE ALSOP
-
-
-
-
- A Character of the Province of MARYLAND.
-
- [Illustration]
-
- By GEORGE ALSOP.
-
- 1666.
-
- Baltimore, 1880.
-
-
-
-
- ALSOP’S MARYLAND.
-
- 1666.
-
-
-
-
- REISSUED AS
-
- Fund-Publication, No. 15.
-
- A Character of the Province of MARYLAND.
-
- [Illustration]
-
- By GEORGE ALSOP.
-
- 1666.
-
- Baltimore, 1880.
-
-
-
-
- GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 5
-
-
- “Thy fathers went down into Egypt with three score and ten persons,
- and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for
- multitude.” . . . _Moses._
-
- “Two things are to be considered in writing history, truth and
- elocution, for in truth consisteth the soul, and in elocution the
- body of history; the latter without the former, is but a picture
- of history; the former without the latter, unapt to instruct. The
- principle and proper work of history, being to instruct, and enable
- men by their knowledge of actions past, to bear themselves prudently
- in the present, and providently towards the future.” . . . _T. Hobbes._
-
- [Illustration]
-
- NEW YORK:
-
- WILLIAM GOWANS.
-
- 1869.
-
-
-
-
-64 COPIES PRINTED ON LARGE PAPER 4TO.
-
-
-
-
- A
-
- CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE
-
- OF
-
- MARYLAND.
-
- DESCRIBED IN FOUR DISTINCT PARTS.
-
- ALSO
-
- A SMALL TREATISE ON THE WILD AND NAKED INDIANS (OR
- SUSQUEHANOKES) OF MARYLAND, THEIR CUSTOMS,
- MANNERS, ABSURDITIES, AND RELIGION.
-
- TOGETHER WITH
-
- A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL LETTERS.
-
- BY
-
- GEORGE ALSOP.
-
- A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPIOUS
- HISTORICAL NOTES.
-
-
- BY JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL.D.,
-
- MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
-
-    _Our western world, with all its matchless floods,_
-    _Our vast transparent lakes and boundless woods,_
-    _Stamped with the traits of majesty sublime,_
-    _Unhonored weep the silent lapse of time,_
-    _Spread their wild grandeur to the unconscious sky,_
-    _In sweetest seasons pass unheeded by;_
-    _While scarce one muse returns the songs they gave,_
-    _Or seeks to snatch their glories from the grave._
-                          ALEXANDER WILSON, The Ornithologist.
-
-_The greater part of the magnificent countries east of the Alleghanies
-is in a high state of cultivation and commercial prosperity, with
-natural advantages not surpassed in any country. Nature, however, still
-maintains her sway in some parts, especially where pine-barrens and
-swamps prevail. The territory of the United States covers an area of
-2,963,666 square miles, about one-half of which is capable of producing
-everything that is useful to man, but not more than a twenty-sixth
-part of it has been cleared. The climate is generally healthy, the
-soil fertile, abounding in mineral treasures, and it possesses every
-advantage from navigable rivers and excellent harbors_ . . . MRS.
-SOMERVILLE.
-
- [Illustration]
-
- NEW YORK: WILLIAM GOWANS.
-
- 1869.
-
-
-
-
- 5
-
-
- Not entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by
- W. GOWANS,
-
- In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
- the Southern District of New York.
-
-
- J. MUNSELL, PRINTER,
- ALBANY.
-
-
-
-
- DEDICATED
-
- TO
-
- THE MEMORY
-
- OF
-
- LORD BALTIMORE.
-
-
-
-
-ADVERTISEMENT.
-
-
-The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publishing
-a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biography,
-antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To be entitled
-
-GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.
-
-The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of reprints
-from old and scarce works, difficult to be produced in this country,
-and often also of very rare occurrence in Europe; occasionally an
-original work will be introduced into the series, designed to throw
-light upon some obscure point of American history, or to elucidate
-the biography of some of the distinguished men of our land. Faithful
-reprints of every work published will be given to the public; nothing
-will be added, except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will
-be presented entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will
-be brought out in the best style, both as to type, press work and
-paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy a place in any
-gentleman’s library.
-
-A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener, if the
-public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work, either an
-original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and at the same
-time scarce tract. From eight or twelve parts will form a handsome
-octavo volume, which the publisher is well assured, will be esteemed
-entitled to a high rank in every collection of American history and
-literature.
-
-Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collection may in
-the course of no long period of time become not less voluminous, and
-quite as valuable to the student in American history, as the celebrated
-Harleian Miscellany is now to the student and lover of British
-historical antiquities.
-
- W. GOWANS, _Publisher_.
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION.
-
-
-George Alsop, the author of this curious tract, was born according
-to the inscription on his portrait, in 1638. He served a two years’
-apprenticeship to some trade in London, but seems to have been wild
-enough. His portrait and his language alike bespeak the rollicking
-roysterer of the days of the restoration, thoroughly familiar with
-all the less reputable haunts of London. He expresses a hearty
-contempt for Cromwell and his party, and it may be that the fate which
-confined him to a four years’ servitude in Maryland was an order of
-transportation issued in the name of the commonwealth of England. He
-speaks disdainfully of the “mighty low and distracted life” of such as
-could not pay their passage, then, according to _Leah and Rachel_ (p.
-14), generally six pounds, as though want of money was not in his case
-the cause of his emigrating from England. He gives the letters he wrote
-to his family and friends on starting, but omits the date, although
-from allusions to the death of Cromwell in a letter dated at Gravesend,
-September 7th, he evidently sailed in 1658, the protector having died
-on the 3d of September in that year.
-
-In Maryland he fell to the lot of Thomas Stockett, Esq., one of three
-brothers who came to Maryland in 1658, {10} perhaps at the same time
-as Alsop, and settled originally it would seem in Baltimore county. It
-was on this estate that Alsop spent the four years which enabled him to
-write the following tract. He speaks highly of his treatment and the
-abundance that reigned in the Stockett mansion.
-
-Alsop’s book appeared in 1666. One of the laudatory verses that preface
-it is dated January, 1665 (5/6), and as it would appear that he did
-not remain in Maryland after the expiration of his four years, except
-perhaps for a short time in consequence of a fit of sickness to which
-he alludes, he probably returned to London to resume his old career.
-
-Of his subsequent life nothing is known, and though Allison ascribes to
-him a volume of Sermons, we may safely express our grave doubts whether
-the author of this tract can be suspected of anything of the kind.
-
-The book, written in a most extravagant style, contains no facts as to
-the stirring events in Maryland history which preceded its date, and
-in view, doubtless, of the still exasperated state of public feeling,
-seems to have studiously avoided all allusion to so unattractive a
-subject. As an historical tract it derives its chief value from the
-portion which comprises its _Relation of the Susquehanna Indians_.
-
-The object for which the tract was issued seems evident. It was
-designed to stimulate emigration to Maryland, and is written in
-a vulgar style to suit the class it was to reach. While from its
-dedication to Lord Baltimore, and the merchant adventurers, we may
-infer that it was paid for by them, in order to encourage emigration,
-especially of redemptioners. {11}
-
-Much of the early emigration to America was effected by what was called
-the redemption system. Under this, one disposed to emigrate, but unable
-to raise the £6, entered into a contract in the following form, with a
-merchant adventurer, ship owner or ship master, and occasionally with
-a gentleman emigrant of means, under which the latter gave him his
-passage and supplies:
-
- THE FORME OF BINDING A SERVANT.
-
- [From _A Relation of Maryland_, &c., 1635.]
-
- This indenture made the ...... day of .............. in the .........
- yeere of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles &c betweene ..............
- of the one party, and .............. on the other party, Witnesseth
- that the said .............. doth hereby covenant, promise and grant
- to and with the said .............. his Executors and Assignes, to
- serve him from the day of the date hereof, vntill his first and next
- arrivall in Maryland, and after for and during the tearme of ......
- yeeres, in such service and employment as the said ..............
- or his assignes shall there employ him, according to the custome
- of the countrey in the like kind. In consideration whereof, the
- said .............. doth promise and grant, to and with the said
- .............. to pay for his passing and to find him with Meat,
- Drinke, Apparell and Lodging, with other necessaries during the said
- terme; and at the end of the said terme, to give him one Whole yeeres
- provision of Corne and fifty acres of Land, according to the order
- of the countrey. In witnesse whereof, the said .............. hath
- hereunto put his hand and seale the day and yeere above written.
-
- Sealed and delivered
-   in the presence of
-
-The term of service, at first limited to five years (_Relation of
-Maryland_, 1635, p. 63), was subsequently reduced to four (Act of 1638,
-&c.), and so remained into the next {12} century (Act of April, 1715).
-Thus a woman in the _Sot Weed Factor_, after speaking of her life in
-England, says:
-
-    Not then a slave for twice two year,
-    My cloaths were fashionably new,
-    Nor were my shifts of linnen Blue;
-    But things are changed; now at the Hoe,
-    I daily work and Barefoot go,
-    In weeding Corn or feeding Swine,
-    I spend my melancholy Time.
-
-Disputes arose as to the time when the term began, and it was finally
-fixed at the anchoring of the vessel in the province, but not more than
-fourteen days were to be allowed for anchoring after they passed the
-Capes (Act of 1715). When these agreements were made with the merchant
-adventurer, ship owner or ship captain, the servants were sold at
-auctions, which were conducted on the principle of our tax sales, the
-condition being the payment of the advances, and the bidding being for
-the term of service, descending from the legal limit according to his
-supposed value as a mechanic or hand, the best man being taken for
-the shortest term. Where the emigrants made their agreement with the
-gentleman emigrant, they proceeded at once to the land he took up, and
-in the name of the servant the planter took up at least one hundred
-acres of land, fifty of which, under the agreement, he conveyed to the
-servant at the expiration of his term of service.
-
-Alsop seems to have made an agreement, perhaps on the voyage, with
-Thomas Stockett, Esq., as his first letter from America mentions his
-being in the service of that gentleman. His last letter is dated at
-Gravesend, the 7th of September, and his first in Maryland January 17
-(1659), making a voyage of four months, which he loosely calls five,
-and describes as “a blowing and dangerous passage.” {13}
-
-Through the kindness of George Lynn Lachlin Davis, Esq., I have been
-enabled to obtain from J. Shaaf Stockett, Esq., a descendant of Captain
-Stockett, some details as to his ancestor, the master of our author,
-during his four years’ servitude, which was not very grievous to
-him, for he says, “had I known my yoak would have been so easie (as
-I conceive it will) I would have been here long before now, rather
-than to have dwelt under the pressure of a Rebellious and Trayterous
-government so long as I did.”
-
-A manuscript statement made some years later by one Joseph Tilly,
-states: “About or in y^e year of o^r Lord 1667 or 8 I became acquainted
-w^{th} 4 Gent^n y^t were brethren & then dwellers here in Maryland the
-elder of them went by y^e name of Coll^o Lewis Stockett & y^e second
-by y^e name of Capt^n Thomas Stockett, y^e third was Doct^r Francis
-Stockett & y^e Fourth Brother was M^r Henry Stockett. These men were
-but y^n newly seated or seating in Anne Arunndell County & they had
-much business w^h the Lord Baltimore then pp^{etor} of y^e Provinces,
-my house standing convenient they were often entertained there: they
-told mee y^t they were Kentish men or Men of Kent & y^t for that they
-had been concerned for King Charles y^e first, were out of favour
-w^{th} y^e following Governm^t they Mortgaged a Good an estate to
-follow King Charles the second in his exile & at their Return they
-had not money to redeem their mortgage, w^{ch} was y^e cause of their
-coming hither.      JOSEPH TILLY.”
-
-Of the brothers, who are said to have arrived in the spring or summer
-of 1658, only Captain Thomas Stockett remained in Maryland, the others
-having, according to family tradition, returned to England. As stated
-in the {14} document just given, they settled in Anne Arundell county,
-and on the 19th of July, 1669, “Obligation,” a tract of 664 acres of
-land was patented to Captain Thomas Stockett, and a part still after
-the lapse of nearly two centuries remains in the family, being owned by
-Frank H. Stockett, Esq., of the Annapolis bar.
-
-By his wife Mary (_Wells_ it is supposed), Captain Thomas Stockett had
-one son, Thomas, born April 17, 1667, from whose marriage with Mary,
-daughter of Thomas Sprigg, of West River, gentleman (March 12, 1689),
-and subsequent marriage with Damarris Welch, the Stocketts of Maryland,
-Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey are descended.
-
-The arms of this branch, as given in the family archives, are “Or a
-Lyon rampant sable armed and Langued Gules a cheife of y^e second a
-castle Tripple towred argent betwixt two Beausants—to y^e crest upon a
-helm on a wreath of y^e colours, a Lyon Proper segeant supporte on a
-stock ragged and trunked argent Borne by the name of Stockett with a
-mantle Gules doubled Argent.” These agree with the arms given by Burke
-as the arms of the Stocketts of St. Stephens, county of Kent.
-
-Thomas Stockett’s will, dated April 23, 1671, was proved on the 4th of
-May in the same year, so that his death must have occurred within the
-ten intervening days. He left his estate to his wife for life, then his
-lands to his son Thomas, and his posthumous child if a son, and his
-personal estate to be divided among his daughters. His executors were
-his brothers Francis and Henry and his brother (in-law) Richard Wells.
-His dispositions of property are brief, much of the will consisting of
-pious expressions and wishes. {15}
-
-To return to the early Maryland emigration, at the time there was
-evident need for some popular tract to remove a prejudice that had been
-created against that colony, especially in regard to the redemptioners.
-The condition of those held for service in Maryland had been
-represented as pitiable indeed, the labor intolerable, the usage bad,
-the diet hard, and that no beds were allowed but the bare boards. Such
-calumnies had already been refuted in 1656 by Hammond, in his _Leah
-and Rachel_. Yet it would seem that ten years later the proprietor of
-Maryland found it necessary to give Alsop’s flattering picture as a new
-antidote.
-
-The original tract is reproduced so nearly in fac simile here that
-little need be said about it. The original is a very small volume, the
-printed matter on the page being only 2 1/8 inches by 4 7/8. (See note
-No. 1).
-
-At the end are two pages of advertisements headed “These Books, with
-others, are Printed for Peter Dring, and are to be sold at his Shop, at
-the Sun in the Poultrey, next door to the Rose Tavern.”
-
-Among the books are Eliana, Holesworth’s Valley of Vision, Robotham’s
-Exposition of Solomon’s Song, N. Byfields’ Marrow of the Oracle of
-God, Pheteplace’s Scrutinia Sacra, Featly Tears in Time of Pestilence,
-Templum Musicum by Joannes Henricus Alstedius, two cook books, a jest
-book, Troads Englished, and ends with A Comment upon the Two Tales of
-our Renowned Poet Sir Jeffray Chaucer, Knight.
-
-At the end of this is the following by way of erratum: “Courteous
-Reader. In the first Epistle Dedicatory, for Felton read Feltham.”
-
- [Illustration:
-
-    _View here the Shadow whoſe Ingenious Hand_
-    _Hath drawne exact the Province   Mary Land_
-    _Diſplay’d her Glory in ſuch Scænes of Witt_
-    _That thoſe that read must fall in Love with it_
-    _For which his Labour hee deſerves the praiſe_
-    _As well as Poets doe the wreath of Bays      ._
-
-           _Anno Dõ: 1666. Ætatis Suæ 28._    _H.W._
-
- _AM PHOTO-LITHOGR. OC (OSBORNES PROCESS.)_]
-
-
-
-
- A
-
- CHARACTER
-
- Of the PROVINCE of
-
- MARY-LAND,
-
- Wherein is Deſcribed in four diſtinct
- Parts, (_Viz._)
-
- I. _The Scituation, and plenty of the Province._
-
- II. _The Laws, Cuſtoms, and natural Demeanor
- of the Inhabitant._
-
- III. _The worſt and beſt Vſage of a Mary-Land
- Servant, opened in view._
-
- IV. _The Traffique, and Vendable Commodities
- of the Countrey._
-
- ALSO
-
- A SMALL _Treatiſe_ on the Wilde and
- Naked INDIANS (or _Suſquehanokes_)
- of _Mary-Land_, their Cuſtoms, Manners,
- Abſurdities, & Religion.
-
- Together with a Collection of Hiſtorical
- LETTERS.
-
- By GEORGE ALSOP.
-
- _London_, Printed by _T. J._ for _Peter Dring_,
- at the ſign of the Sun in the _Poultrey_; 1666.
-
-
-
-
- TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE
-
- CÆCILIUS LORD BALTEMORE, (see note No. 2)
-
- Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of _Mary-Land_ and
- _Avalon_ (see note No. 3) in _America_.
-
-
-MY LORD,
-
-I have adventured on your Lordships acceptance by guess; if presumption
-has led me into an Error that deserves correction, I heartily beg
-Indempnity, and resolve to repent soundly for it, and do so no
-more. What I present I know to be true, Experientia docet; It being
-an infallible Maxim, _That there is no Globe like the occular and
-experimental view of a Countrey_. And had not Fate by a necessary
-imployment, consin’d me within the narrow walks of a four years
-Servitude, and by degrees led me through the most intricate and dubious
-paths of this Countrey, by a commanding and undeniable Enjoyment, I
-could not, nor should I ever have undertaken to have written a line of
-this nature.
-
-
-
-
-THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.
-
-
-If I have wrote or composed any thing that’s wilde and confused, it is
-because I am so my self, and the world, as far as I can perceive, is
-not much out of the same trim; therefore I resolve, if I am brought to
-the Bar of _Common Law_ for any thing I have done here, to plead _Non
-compos mentis_, to save my Bacon.
-
-There is an old Saying in English, _He must rise betimes that would
-please every one_. And I am afraid I have lain so long a bed, that
-I think I shall please no body; if it must be so, I cannot help it.
-But as _Feltham_ (see note No. 4) in his _Resolves_ says, _In things
-that must be, ’tis good to be resolute_; And therefore what Destiny
-has ordained, I am resolved to wink, and stand to it. So leaving your
-Honour to more serious meditations, I subscribe my self,
-
- My Lord
- Your Lordship most
- Humble Servant,
- GEORGE ALSOP.
-
-
-
-
- To all the Merchant Adventurers for MARY-LAND,
- together with those Commanders of Ships
- that saile into that Province.
-
-
- SIRS,
-
- _You are both Adventurers, the one of Estate, the other of Life: I
- could tell you I am an Adventurer too, if I durst presume to come into
- your Company. I have ventured to come abroad in Print, and if I should
- be laughed at for my good meaning, it would so break the credit of
- my understanding, that I should never dare to shew my face upon the
- Exchange of (conceited) Wits again._
-
- _This dish of Discourse was intended for you at first, but it was
- manners to let my Lord have the first cut, the Pye being his own. I
- beseech you accept of the matter as ’tis drest, only to stay your
- stomachs, and I’le promise you the next shall be better done, ’Tis
- all as I can serve you in at present, and it may be questionable
- whether I have served you in this or no. Here I present you with_ A
- Character of Mary-Land_, it may be you will say ’tis weakly done, if
- you do I cannot help it, ’tis as well as I could do it, considering
- several Obstacles that like blocks were thrown in my way to hinder my
- proceeding: The major part thereof was written in the intermitting
- time of my sickness, therefore I hope the afflicting weakness of {24}
- my Microcosm may plead a just excuse for some imperfections of my
- pen. I protest what I have writ is from an experimental knowledge of
- the Country, and not from any imaginary supposition. If I am blamed
- for what I have done too much, it is the first, and I will irrevocably
- promise it shall be the last. There’s a Maxim upon Tryals at Assizes,
- That if a thief be taken upon the first fault, if it be not to
- hainous, they only burn him in the hand and let him go_ (see note No.
- 5): _So I desire you to do by me, if you find any thing that bears a
- criminal absurdity in it, only burn me for my first fact and let me
- go. But I am afraid I have kept you too long in the Entry, I shall
- desire you therefore to come in and sit down._
-
- G. ALSOP.
-
-
-
-
-THE PREFACE TO THE READER.
-
-
-The Reason why I appear in this place is, lest the general Reader
-should conclude I have nothing to say for my self; and truly he’s in
-the right on’t, for I have but little to say (for my self) at this
-time: For I have had so large a Journey, and so heavy a Burden to
-bring _Mary-Land_ into _England_, that I am almost out of breath: I’le
-promise you after I am come to my self, you shall hear more of me. Good
-Reader, because you see me make a brief Apologetical excuse for my
-self, don’t judge me; for I am so self-conceited of my own merits, that
-I almost think I want none. _De Lege non judicandum ex solâ linea_,
-saith the Civilian; We must not pass judgement upon a Law by one line:
-And because we see but a small Bush at a Tavern door, conclude there is
-no Canary (see note No. 6). For as in our vulgar Resolves ’tis said, _A
-good face needs no Band, and an ill one deserves none_: So the French
-Proverb sayes, Bon Vien il n’a faut point de Ensigne, Good Wine needs
-no Bush. I suppose by this time some of my speculative observers {26}
-have judged me vainglorious; but if they did but rightly consider me,
-they would not be so censorious. For I dwell so far from Neighbors,
-that if I do not praise my self, no body else will: And since I am left
-alone, I am resolved to summon the _Magna Charta_ of Fowles to the Bar
-for my excuse, and by their irrevocable Statutes plead my discharge.
-_For its an ill Bird will befoule her own Nest_: Besides, I have a
-thousand _Billings-gate_ (see note No. 7) Collegians that will give in
-their testimony, _That they never knew a Fish-woman cry stinking Fish_.
-Thus leaving the Nostrils of the Citizens Wives to demonstrate what
-they please as to that, and thee (Good Reader) to say what thou wilt, I
-bid thee Farewel.
-
- GEO. ALSOP.
-
-
-
-
- THE
- AUTHOR
- TO HIS
- BOOK.
-
-
-    When first _Apollo_ got my brain with Childe,
-    He made large promise never to beguile,
-    But like an honest Father, he would keep
-    Whatever Issue from my Brain did creep:
-    With that I gave consent, and up he threw
-    Me on a Bench, and strangely he did do;
-    Then every week he daily came to see
-    How his new Physick still did work with me.
-    And when he did perceive he’d don the feat,
-    Like an unworthy man he made retreat,
-    Left me in desolation, and where none
-    Compassionated when they heard me groan.
-    What could he judge the Parish then would think,
-    To see me fair, his Brat as black as Ink?
-    If they had eyes, they’d swear I were no Nun,
-    But got with Child by some black _Africk_ Son,
-    And so condemn me for my Fornication,
-    To beat them Hemp to stifle half the Nation.
-    Well, since ’tis so, I’le alter this base Fate,
-    And lay his Bastard at some Noble’s Gate;
-    Withdraw my self from Beadles, and from such,
-    Who would give twelve pence I were
-    in their clutch: {28}
-    Then, who can tell? this Child which I do hide,
-    May be in time a Small-beer Col’nel _Pride_ (see note No 8).
-    But while I talk, my business it is dumb,
-    I must lay double-clothes unto thy Bum,
-    Then lap thee warm, and to the world commit
-    The Bastard Off-spring of a New-born wit.
-    Farewel, poor Brat, thou in a monstrous World,
-    In swadling bands, thus up and down art hurl’d;
-    There to receive what Destiny doth contrive,
-    Either to perish, or be sav’d alive.
-    Good Fate protect thee from a Criticks power,
-    For If he comes, thou’rt gone in half an hour,
-    Stiff’d and blasted, ’tis their usual way,
-    To make that Night, which is as bright as Day.
-    For if they once but wring, and skrew their mouth,
-    Cock up their Hats, and set the point Du-South,
-    Armes all a kimbo, and with belly strut,
-    As if they had _Parnassus_ in their gut:
-    These are the Symtomes of the murthering fall
-    Of my poor Infant, and his burial.
-    Say he should miss thee, and some ign’rant Asse
-    Should find thee out, as he along doth pass,
-    It were all one, he’d look into thy Tayle,
-    To see if thou wert Feminine or Male;
-    When he’d half starv’d thee, for to satisfie
-    His peeping Ign’rance, he’d then let thee lie;
-    And vow by’s wit he ne’re could understand,
-    The Heathen dresses of another Land:
-    Well, ’tis no matter, wherever such as he
-    Knows one grain, more than his simplicity.
-    Now, how the pulses of my senses beat,
-    To think the rigid Fortune
-    thou wilt meet; {29}
-    Asses and captious Fools, not six in ten
-    Of thy Spectators will be real men,
-    To Umpire up the badness of the cause,
-    And screen my weakness from the rav’nous Laws,
-    Of those that will undoubted sit to see
-    How they might blast this new-born Infancy:
-    If they should burn him, they’d conclude hereafter,
-    ’Twere too good death for him to dye a Martyr;
-    And if they let him live, they think it will
-    Be but a means for to encourage ill,
-    And bring in time some strange _Antipod’ans_,
-    A thousand Leagues beyond _Philippians_,
-    To storm our Wits; therefore he must not rest,
-    But shall be hang’d, for all he has been prest:
-    Thus they conclude.—My Genius comforts give,
-    In Resurrection he will surely live.
-
-
-
-
-To my Friend Mr. GEORGE ALSOP, on his Character of MARY-LAND.
-
-
-    _Who such odd nookes of Earths great mass describe,_
-    _Prove their descent from old_ Columbus _tribe:_
-    _Some Boding augur did his Name devise,_
-    _Thy Genius too cast in th’ same mould and size;_
-    _His Name predicted he would be a Rover,_
-    _And hidden places of this Orb discover;_
-    _He made relation of that World in gross,_
-    _Thou the particulars retail’st to us:_
-    _By this first Peny of thy fancy we_
-    _Discover what thy greater Coines will be;_
-    _This Embryo thus well polisht doth presage,_
-    _The manly Atchievements of its future age._
-    _Auspicious winds blow gently on this spark,_
-    _Untill its flames discover what’s yet dark;_
-    _Mean while this short Abridgement we embrace,_
-    _Expecting that thy busy soul will trace_
-    _Some Mines at last which may enrich the World,_
-    _And all that poverty may be in oblivion hurl’d._
-    _Zoilus is dumb, for thou the mark hast hit,_
-    _By interlacing History with Wit:_
-    _Thou hast described its superficial Treasure,_
-    _Anatomiz’d its bowels at thy leasure;_
-    _That_ MARY-LAND _to thee may duty owe,_
-    _Who to the World dost all her Glory shew;_
-    _Then thou shalt make the Prophesie fall true,_
-    _Who fill’st the World (like th’ Sea) with knowledge new._
-
-    WILLIAM BOGHERST. (See note No. 9.)
-
-
-
-
-To my Friend Mr. GEORGE ALSOP, on his Character of MARY-LAND.
-
-
-    _This plain, yet pithy and concise Description_
-    _Of_ Mary-Lands _plentious and sedate condition,_
-    _With other things herein by you set forth,_
-    _To shew its Rareness, and declare its Worth;_
-    _Compos’d in such a time, when most men were_
-    _Smitten with Sickness, or surpriz’d with Fear,_
-    _Argues a Genius good, and Courage stout,_
-    _In bringing this Design so well about:_
-    _Such generous Freedom waited on thy brain,_
-    _The Work was done in midst of greatest pain;_
-    _And matters flow’d so swiftly from thy source,_
-    _Nature design’d thee (sure) for such Discourse._
-    _Go on then with thy Work so well begun,_
-    _Let it come forth, and boldly see the Sun;_
-    _Then shall’t be known to all, that from thy Youth_
-    _Thou heldst it Noble to maintain the Truth,_
-    _’Gainst all the Rabble-rout, that yelping stand,_
-    _To cast aspersions on thy_ MARY-LAND:
-    _But this thy Work shall vindicate its Fame,_
-    _And as a Trophy memorize thy Name,_
-    _So if without a Tomb thou buried be,_
-    _This Book’s a lasting Monument for thee._
-
-    H. W., Master of Arts. (See note No. 10).
-
-From my Study, _Jan._ 10, 1665.
-
-
-
-
- [Illustration:
-
- A Land-skip of the
- Province of
- MARY LAND
- Or the
- Lord Baltimors
- Plantation neere
- Virginia
- By Geo: Alsop Gent.
-
- Am. Photo-Lithographic Co. N.Y. Osborne’s Process]
-
-
-
-
-
- A
-
- CHARACTER
-
- OF THE PROVINCE OF
-
- MARY-LAND.
-
-
-
-
-CHAP. I.
-
-_Of the situation and plenty of the Province of_ Mary-Land.
-
-
-Mary-land is a Province situated upon the large extending bowels of
-_America_, under the Government of the Lord _Baltemore_, adjacent
-Northwardly upon the Confines of _New-England_, and neighbouring
-Southwardly upon _Virginia_, dwelling pleasantly upon the Bay of
-_Chæsapike_ (see note No. 11), between the Degrees of 36 and 38, in
-the Zone temperate, and by Mathematical computation is eleven hundred
-and odd Leagues in Longitude from _England_, being within her own
-imbraces extraordinary pleasant and fertile. Pleasant, in respect of
-the multitude of Navigable Rivers and Creeks that conveniently and
-most profitably lodge within the armes of her green, spreading, and
-delightful Woods; whose natural womb (by her plenty) maintains and
-preserves the several diversities of Animals that rangingly inhabit
-her Woods; as she doth otherwise generously fructifie {36} this
-piece of Earth with almost all sorts of Vegetables, as well Flowers
-with their varieties of colours and smells, as Herbes and Roots with
-their several effects and operative virtues, that offer their benefits
-daily to supply the want of the Inhabitant whene’re their necessities
-shall _Sub-pœna_ them to wait on their commands. So that he, who out
-of curiosity desires to see the Landskip of the Creation drawn to
-the life, or to read Natures universal Herbal without book, may with
-the Opticks of a discreet discerning, view _Mary-Land_ drest in her
-green and fragrant Mantle of the Spring. Neither do I think there is
-any place under the Heavenly altitude, or that has footing or room
-upon the circular Globe of this world, that can parallel this fertile
-and pleasant piece of ground in its multiplicity, or rather Natures
-extravagancy of a superabounding plenty. For so much doth this Country
-increase in a swelling Spring-tide of rich variety and diversities
-of all things, not only common provisions that supply the reaching
-stomach of man with a satisfactory plenty, but also extends with its
-liberality and free convenient benefits to each sensitive faculty,
-according to their several desiring Appetites. So that had Nature made
-it her business, on purpose to have found out a situation for the Soul
-of profitable Ingenuity, she could not have fitted herself better in
-the traverse of the whole Universe, nor in convenienter terms have told
-man, _Dwell here, live plentifully and be rich_. {37}
-
-The Trees, Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and Roots that grow here in
-_Mary-Land_, are the only Emblems or Hieroglyphicks of our Adamitical
-or Primitive situation, as well for their variety as odoriferous
-smells, together with their vertues, according to their several
-effects, kinds and properties, which still bear the Effigies of
-Innocency according to their original Grafts; which by their dumb
-vegetable Oratory, each hour speaks to the Inhabitant in silent acts,
-That they need not look for any other Terrestrial Paradice, to suspend
-or tyre their curiosity upon, while she is extant. For within her doth
-dwell so much of variety, so much of natural plenty, that there is not
-any thing that is or may be rare, but it inhabits within this plentious
-soyle: So that those parts of the Creation that have borne the Bell
-away (for many ages) for a vegetable plentiousness, must now in silence
-strike and vayle all, and whisper softly in the auditual parts of
-_Mary-Land_, that _None but she in this dwells singular_; and that as
-well for that she doth exceed in those Fruits, Plants, Trees and Roots,
-that dwell and grow in their several Clymes or habitable parts of the
-Earth besides, as the rareness and super-excellency of her own glory,
-which she flourishly abounds in, by the abundancy of reserved Rarities,
-such as the remainder of the World (with all its speculative art) never
-bore any occular testimony of as yet. I shall forbear to particularize
-those several sorts of vegetables that flourishingly grows here,
-by {38} reason of the vast tediousness that will attend upon the
-description, which therefore makes them much more fit for an Herbal,
-than a small Manuscript or History. (See note No. 12).
-
-As for the wilde Animals of this Country, which loosely inhabits the
-Woods in multitudes, it is impossible to give you an exact description
-of them all, considering the multiplicity as well as the diversity
-of so numerous an extent of Creatures: But such as has fallen within
-the compass or prospect of my knowledge, those you shall know of;
-_videlicet_, the Deer, because they are oftner seen, and more
-participated of by the Inhabitants of the Land, whose acquaintance by a
-customary familiarity becomes much more common than the rest of Beasts
-that inhabit the Woods by using themselves in Herds about the Christian
-Plantations. Their flesh, which in some places of this Province is the
-common provision the Inhabitants feed on, and which through the extreme
-glut and plenty of it, being daily killed by the _Indians_, and brought
-in to the _English_, as well as that which is killed by the Christian
-Inhabitant, that doth it more for recreation, than for the benefit they
-reap by it. I say, the flesh of Venison becomes (as to food) rather
-denyed, than any way esteemed or desired. And this I speak from an
-experimental knowledge; For when I was under a Command, and debarr’d
-of a four years ranging Liberty in the Province of _Mary-Land_, the
-Gentleman whom I served my conditional and {39} prefixed time withall,
-had at one time in his house fourscore Venisons, besides plenty of
-other provisions to serve his Family nine months, they being but seven
-in number; so that before this Venison was brought to a period by
-eating, it so nauseated our appetites and stomachs, that plain bread
-was rather courted and desired than it.
-
-The Deer (see note No. 13) here neither in shape nor action differ
-from our Deer in _England_: the Park they traverse their ranging and
-unmeasured walks in, is bounded and impanell’d in with no other pales
-than the rough and billowed Ocean: They are also mighty numerous in the
-Woods, and are little or not at all affrighted at the face of a man,
-but (like the Does of _Whetstons_ Park) (see note No. 14) though their
-hydes are not altogether so gaudy to extract an admiration from the
-beholder, yet they will stand (all most) till they be scratcht.
-
-As for the Wolves, Bears, and Panthers (see note No. 15) of this
-Country, they inhabit commonly in great multitudes up in the remotest
-parts of the Continent; yet at some certain time they come down near
-the Plantations, but do little hurt or injury worth noting, and that
-which they do is of so degenerate and low a nature, (as in reference
-to the fierceness and heroick vigour that dwell in the same kind of
-Beasts in other Countries), that they are hardly worth mentioning: For
-the highest of their designs and circumventing reaches is but cowardly
-and base, only {40} to steal a poor Pigg, or kill a lost and half
-starved Calf. The Effigies of a man terrifies them dreadfully, for they
-no sooner espy him but their hearts are at their mouths, and the spurs
-upon their heels, they (having no more manners than Beasts) gallop
-away, and never bid them farewell that are behind them.
-
-The Elke, the Cat of the Mountain, the Rackoon, the Fox, the Beaver,
-the Otter, the Possum, the Hare, the Squirril, the Monack, the Musk-Rat
-(see note No. 16), and several others (whom I’le omit for brevity sake)
-inhabit here in _Mary-Land_ in several droves and troops, ranging the
-Woods at their pleasure.
-
-The meat of most of these Creatures is good for eating, yet of no value
-nor esteem here, by reason of the great plenty of other provisions, and
-are only kill’d by the _Indians_ of the Country for their Hydes and
-Furrs, which become very profitable to those that have the right way of
-traffiquing for them, as well as it redounds to the _Indians_ that take
-the pains to catch them, and to slay and dress their several Hydes,
-selling and disposing them for such commodities as their Heathenish
-fancy delights in.
-
-As for those Beasts that were carried over at the first seating of the
-Country, to stock and increase the situation, as Cows, Horses, Sheep
-and Hogs (see note No. 17), they are generally tame, and use near
-home, especially the Cows, Sheep and Horses. The Hogs, whose increase
-is innumerable in the Woods, do {41} disfrequent home more than the
-rest of Creatures that are look’d upon as tame, yet with little trouble
-and pains they are slain and made provision of. Now they that will
-with a right Historical Survey, view the Woods of _Mary-Land_ in this
-particular, as in reference to Swine, must upon necessity judge this
-Land lineally descended from the _Gadarean_ Territories. (See note No.
-18.)
-
-_Mary-Land_ (I must confess) cannot boast of her plenty of Sheep here,
-as other Countries; not but that they will thrive and increase here,
-as well as in any place of the World besides, but few desire them,
-because they commonly draw down the Wolves among the Plantations, as
-well by the sweetness of their flesh, as by the humility of their
-nature, in not making a defensive resistance against the rough dealing
-of a ravenous Enemy. They who for curiosity will keep Sheep, may expect
-that after the Wolves have breathed themselves all day in the Woods to
-sharpen their stomachs, they will come without fail and sup with them
-at night, though many times they surfeit themselves with the sawce
-that’s dish’d out of the muzzle of a Gun, and so in the midst of their
-banquet (poor Animals) they often sleep with their Ancestors.
-
-Fowls of all sorts and varieties dwell at their several times and
-seasons here in _Mary-Land_. The Turkey, the Woodcock, the Pheasant,
-the Partrich, the Pigeon, and others, especially the Turkey, whom
-I have seen {42} in whole hundreds in flights in the Woods of
-_Mary-Land_, being an extraordinary fat Fowl, whose flesh is very
-pleasant and sweet. These Fowls that I have named are intayled from
-generation to generation to the Woods. The Swans, the Geese and Ducks
-(with other Water-Fowl) derogate in this point of setled residence; for
-they arrive in millionous multitudes in _Mary-Land_ about the middle of
-_September_, and take their winged farewell about the midst of _March_
-(see note No. 19): But while they do remain, and beleagure the borders
-of the shoar with their winged Dragoons, several of them are summoned
-by a Writ of _Fieri facias_, to answer their presumptuous contempt upon
-a Spit.
-
-As for Fish, which dwell in the watry tenements of the deep, and by
-a providential greatness of power, is kept for the relief of several
-Countries in the world (which would else sink under the rigid enemy of
-want), here in _Mary-Land_ is a large sufficiency, and plenty of almost
-all sorts of Fishes, which live and inhabit within her several Rivers
-and Creeks, far beyond the apprehending or crediting of those that
-never saw the same, which with very much ease is catched, to the great
-refreshment of the Inhabitants of the Province.
-
-All sorts of Grain, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oates, Pease, besides
-several others that have their original and birth from the fertile womb
-of this Land (and no where else), they all grow, increase, and thrive
-here {43} in _Mary-Land_, without the chargable and laborious manuring
-of the Land with Dung; increasing in such a measure and plenty, by
-the natural richness of the Earth, with the common, beneficial and
-convenient showers of rain that usually wait upon the several Fields
-of Grain (by a natural instinct), so that Famine (the dreadful Ghost
-of penury and want) is never known with his pale visage to haunt the
-Dominions of _Mary-Land_. (See note No. 20).
-
-    _Could’st thou (O Earth) live thus obscure, and now_
-    _Within an Age, shew forth thy plentious brow_
-    _Of rich variety, gilded with fruitful Fame,_
-    _That (Trumpet-like) doth Heraldize thy Name,_
-    _And tells the World there is a Land now found,_
-    _That all Earth’s Globe can’t parallel its Ground?_
-    _Dwell, and be prosperous, and with thy plenty feed_
-    _The craving Carkesses of those Souls that need._
-
-{44}
-
-
-
-
-CHAP. II.
-
-_Of the Government and Natural Disposition of the People._
-
-
-Mary-Land, not from the remoteness of her situation, but from the
-regularity of her well ordered Government, may (without sin, I think)
-be called _Singular_: And though she is not supported with such large
-Revenues as some of her Neighbours are, yet such is her wisdom in a
-reserved silence, and not in pomp, to shew her well-conditioned Estate,
-in relieving at a distance the proud poverty of those that wont be
-seen they want, as well as those which by undeniable necessities are
-drove upon the Rocks of pinching wants: Yet such a loathsome creature
-is a common and folding-handed Beggar, that upon the penalty of almost
-a perpetual working in Imprisonment, they are not to appear, nor lurk
-near our vigilant and laborious dwellings. The Country hath received a
-general spleen and antipathy against the very name and nature of it;
-and though there were no Law provided (as there is) to suppress it, I
-am certainly confident, there is none within the Province that would
-lower themselves so much below the dignity of men to beg, as long as
-limbs and life keep house together; so much is a vigilant industrious
-care esteem’d. {45}
-
-He that desires to see the real Platform of a quiet and sober
-Government extant, Superiority with a meek and yet commanding power
-sitting at the Helme, steering the actions of State quietly, through
-the multitude and diversity of Opinionous waves that diversly meet, let
-him look on _Mary-Land_ with eyes admiring, and he’ll then judge her,
-_The Miracle of this Age_.
-
-Here the _Roman Catholick_, and the _Protestant Episcopal_ (whom the
-world would perswade have proclaimed open Wars irrevocably against each
-other), contrarywise concur in an unanimous parallel of friendship,
-and inseparable love intayled into one another: All Inquisitions,
-Martyrdom, and Banishments are not so much as named, but unexpressably
-abhorr’d by each other.
-
-The several Opinions and Sects that lodge within this Government,
-meet not together in mutinous contempts to disquiet the power that
-bears Rule, but with a reverend quietness obeys the legal commands
-of Authority. (See note No. 21). Here’s never seen Five Monarchies
-in a Zealous Rebellion, opposing the Rights and Liberties of a true
-setled Government, or Monarchical Authority: Nor did I ever see (here
-in _Mary-Land_) any of those dancing Adamitical Sisters, that plead a
-primitive Innocency for their base obscenity, and naked deportment; but
-I conceive if some of them were there at some certain time of the year,
-between the Months of _January_ and _February_, {46} when the winds
-blow from the North-West quarter of the world, that it would both cool,
-and (I believe) convert the hottest of these Zealots from their burning
-and fiercest concupiscence. (See note No. 22).
-
-The Government of this Province doth continually, by all lawful means,
-strive to purge her Dominions from such base corroding humors, that
-would predominate upon the least smile of Liberty, did not the Laws
-check and bridle in those unwarranted and tumultuous Opinions. And
-truly, where a kingdom, State or Government, keeps or cuts down the
-weeds of destructive Opinions, there must certainly be a blessed
-harmony of quietness. And I really believe this Land or Government
-of _Mary-Land_ may boast, that she enjoys as much quietness from the
-disturbance of Rebellious Opinions, as most States or Kingdoms do in
-the world: For here every man lives quietly, and follows his labour
-and imployment desiredly; and by the protection of the Laws, they are
-supported from those molestious troubles that ever attend upon the
-Commons of other States and Kingdoms, as well as from the Aquafortial
-operation of great and eating Taxes. Here’s nothing to be levyed out
-of the Granaries of Corn; but contrarywise, by a Law every Domestick
-Governor of a Family is enjoyned to make or cause to be made so
-much Corn by a just limitation, as shall be sufficient for him and
-his Family (see note No. 23): So that by this wise and _Janus_-like
-providence, the thin-jawed Skeliton with his starv’d Carkess is never
-{47} seen walking the Woods of _Mary-Land_ to affrighten Children.
-
-Once every year within this Province is an Assembly called, and out
-of every respective County (by the consent of the people) there is
-chosen a number of men, and to them is deliver’d up the Grievances of
-the Country; and they maturely debate the matters, and according to
-their Consciences make Laws for the general good of the people; and
-where any former Law that was made, seems and is prejudicial to the
-good or quietness of the Land, it is repeal’d. These men that determine
-on these matters for the Republique, are called Burgesses, and they
-commonly sit in Junto about six weeks, being for the most part good
-ordinary Householders of the several Counties, which do more by a plain
-and honest Conscience, than by artificial Syllogisms drest up in gilded
-Orations. (See note No. 24).
-
-Here Suits and Tryals in Law seldome hold dispute two Terms or Courts,
-but according as the Equity of the Cause appears is brought to a
-period. (See note No. 25). The _Temples_ and _Grays-Inne_ are clear
-out of fashion here: Marriot (see note No. 26) would sooner get a
-paunch-devouring meal for nothing, than for his invading Counsil. Here
-if the Lawyer had nothing else to maintain him but his bawling, he
-might button up his Chops, and burn his Buckrom Bag, or else hang it
-upon a pin untill its Antiquity had eaten it up with durt and dust:
-Then with a {48} Spade, like his Grandsire _Adam_, turn up the face
-of the Creation, purchasing his bread by the sweat of his brows, that
-before was got by the motionated Water-works of his jaws. So contrary
-to the Genius of the people, if not to the quiet Government of the
-Province, that the turbulent Spirit of continued and vexatious Law,
-with all its querks and evasions, is openly and most eagerly opposed,
-that might make matters either dubious, tedious, or troublesom. All
-other matters that would be ranging in contrary and improper Spheres,
-(in short) are here by the Power moderated, lower’d and subdued. All
-villanous Outrages that are committed in other States, are not so much
-as known here: A man may walk in the open Woods as secure from being
-externally dissected, as in his own house or dwelling. So hateful is a
-Robber, that if but once imagin’d to be so, he’s kept at a distance,
-and shun’d as the Pestilential noysomness. (See note No. 27).
-
-It is generally and very remarkably observed, That those whose Lives
-and Conversations have had no other gloss nor glory stampt on them
-in their own Country, but the stigmatization of baseness, were here
-(by the common civilities and deportments of the Inhabitants of this
-Province) brought to detest and loath their former actions. Here
-the Constable hath no need of a train of Holberteers (see note No.
-28), that carry more Armour about them, than heart to guard him:
-Nor is he ever troubled to leave his {49} Feathered Nest to some
-friendly successor, while he is placing of his Lanthern-horn Guard
-at the end of some suspicious Street, to catch some Night-walker, or
-Batchelor of Leachery, that has taken his Degree three story high in a
-Bawdy-house. Here’s no _Newgates_ for pilfering Felons, nor _Ludgates_
-for Debtors, nor any _Bridewels_ (see note No. 29) to lash the soul of
-Concupiscence into a chast Repentance. For as there is none of these
-Prisons in _Mary-Land_, so the merits of the Country deserves none,
-but if any be foully vitious, he is so reserv’d in it, that he seldom
-or never becomes popular. Common Alehouses (whose dwellings are the
-only Receptacles of debauchery and baseness, and those Schools that
-trains up Youth, as well as Age, to ruine), in this Province there
-are none; neither hath Youth his swing or range in such a profuse and
-unbridled liberty as in other Countries; for from an antient Custom
-at the primitive seating of the place, the Son works as well as the
-Servant (an excellent cure for untam’d Youth), so that before they
-eat their bread, they are commonly taught how to earn it; which makes
-them by that time Age speaks them capable of receiving that which
-their Parents indulgency is ready to give them, and which partly is
-by their own laborious industry purchased, they manage it with such
-a serious, grave and watching care, as if they had been Masters of
-Families, trained up in that domestick and governing power from their
-Cradles. These Christian Natives of the Land, {50} especially those
-of the Masculine Sex, are generally conveniently confident, reservedly
-subtile, quick in apprehending, but slow in resolving; and where they
-spy profit sailing towards them with the wings of a prosperous gale,
-there they become much familiar. The Women differ something in this
-point, though not much: They are extreme bashful at the first view,
-but after a continuance of time hath brought them acquainted, there
-they become discreetly familiar, and are much more talkative then men.
-All Complemental Courtships, drest up in critical Rarities, are meer
-strangers to them, plain wit comes nearest their Genius; so that he
-that intends to Court a _Mary-Land_ Girle, must have something more
-than the Tautologies of a long-winded speech to carry on his design, or
-else he may (for ought I know) fall under the contempt of her frown,
-and his own windy Oration. (See note No. 30).
-
-One great part of the Inhabitants of this Province are desiredly
-Zealous, great pretenders to Holiness; and where any thing appears that
-carries on the Frontispiece of its Effigies the stamp of Religion,
-though fundamentally never so imperfect, they are suddenly taken with
-it, and out of an eager desire to any thing that’s new, not weighing
-the sure matter in the Ballance of Reason, are very apt to be catcht.
-(See note No. 31). _Quakerism_ is the only Opinion that bears the
-Bell away (see note No. 32): The _Anabaptists_ (see note No. 33)
-have little to say here, {51} as well as in other places, since the
-Ghost of _John_ of _Leyden_ haunts their Conventicles. The _Adamite_,
-_Ranter_, and _Fifty-Monarchy men_, _Mary-Land_ cannot, nay will not
-digest within her liberal stomach such corroding morsels: So that this
-Province is an utter Enemy to blasphemous and zealous Imprecations,
-drain’d from the Lymbeck of hellish and damnable Spirits, as well
-as profuse prophaness, that issues from the prodigality of none but
-cract-brain Sots.
-
-    _’Tis said the Gods lower down that Chain above,_
-    _That tyes both Prince and Subject up in Love;_
-    _And if this Fiction of the Gods be true,_
-    _Few_, Mary-Land, _in this can boast but you:_
-    _Live ever blest, and let those Clouds that do_
-    _Eclipse most States, be always Lights to you;_
-    _And dwelling so, you may for ever be_
-    _The only Emblem of Tranquility._
-
-{52}
-
-
-
-
-CHAP. III.
-
-_The necessariness of Servitude proved, with the common usage of
-Servants in_ Mary-Land, _together with their Priviledges_.
-
-
-As there can be no Monarchy without the Supremacy of a King and Crown,
-nor no King without Subjects, nor any Parents without it be by the
-fruitful off-spring of Children; neither can there be any Masters,
-unless it be by the inferior Servitude of those that dwell under
-them, by a commanding enjoynment: And since it is ordained from the
-original and superabounding wisdom of all things, That there should be
-Degrees and Diversities amongst the Sons of men, in acknowledging of a
-Superiority from Inferiors to Superiors; the Servant with a reverent
-and befitting Obedience is as liable to this duty in a measurable
-performance to him whom he serves, as the loyalest of Subjects to his
-Prince. Then since it is a common and ordained Fate, that there must
-be Servants as well as Masters, and that good Servitudes are those
-Colledges of Sobriety that checks in the giddy and wild-headed youth
-from his profuse and uneven course of life, by a limited constrainment,
-as well as it otherwise agrees with the moderate and discreet Servant:
-Why should there be such an exclusive {53} Obstacle in the minds and
-unreasonable dispositions of many people, against the limited time of
-convenient and necessary Servitude, when it is a thing so requisite,
-that the best of Kingdoms would be unhing’d from their quiet and well
-setled Government without it. Which levelling doctrine we here of
-_England_ in this latter age (whose womb was truss’d out with nothing
-but confused Rebellion) have too much experienced, and was daily rung
-into the ears of the tumultuous Vulgar by the Bell-weather Sectaries of
-the Times: But (blessed be God) those Clouds are blown over, and the
-Government of the Kingdom coucht under a more stable form.
-
-There is no truer Emblem of Confusion either in Monarchy or Domestick
-Governments, then when either the Subject, or the Servant, strives for
-the upper hand of his Prince, or Master, and to be equal with him,
-from whom he receives his present subsistance: Why then, if Servitude
-be so necessary that no place can be governed in order, nor people
-live without it, this may serve to tell those which prick up their
-ears and bray against it, That they are none but Asses, and deserve
-the Bridle of a strict commanding power to reine them in: For I’me
-certainly confident, that there are several Thousands in most Kingdoms
-of Christendom, that could not at all live and subsist, unless they had
-served some prefixed time, to learn either some Trade, Art, or Science,
-and by either of them to extract their present livelihood. {54}
-
-Then methinks this may stop the mouths of those that will undiscreetly
-compassionate them that dwell under necessary Servitudes; for let but
-Parents of an indifferent capacity in Estates, when their Childrens age
-by computation speak them seventeen or eighteen years old, turn them
-loose to the wide world, without a seven years working Apprenticeship
-(being just brought up to the bare formality of a little reading
-and writing) and you shall immediately see how weak and shiftless
-they’le be towards the maintaining and supporting of themselves; and
-(without either stealing or begging) their bodies like a Sentinel must
-continually wait to see when their Souls will be frighted away by the
-pale Ghost of a starving want.
-
-Then let such, where Providence hath ordained to live as Servants,
-either in _England_ or beyond Sea, endure the prefixed yoak of their
-limited time with patience, and then in a small computation of years,
-by an industrious endeavour, they may become Masters and Mistresses
-of Families themselves. And let this be spoke to the deserved praise
-of _Mary-Land_, That the four years I served there were not to me so
-slavish, as a two years Servitude of a Handicraft Apprenticeship was
-here in _London_; _Volenti enim nil difficile_: Not that I write this
-to seduce or delude any, or to draw them from their native soyle, but
-out of a love to my Countrymen, whom in the general I wish well to,
-and that the lowest of them may live in such a capacity of Estate, as
-that the bare interest of {55} their Livelihoods might not altogether
-depend upon persons of the greatest extendments.
-
-Now those whose abilities here in _England_ are capable of maintaining
-themselves in any reasonable and handsom manner, they had best so to
-remain, lest the roughness of the Ocean, together with the staring
-visages of the wilde Animals, which they may see after their arrival
-into the Country, may alter the natural dispositions of their bodies,
-that the stay’d and solid part that kept its motion by Doctor _Trigs_
-purgationary operation, may run beyond the byas of the wheel in a
-violent and laxative confusion.
-
-Now contrarywise, they who are low, and make bare shifts to buoy
-themselves up above the shabby center of beggarly and incident
-casualties, I heartily could wish the removal of some of them into
-_Mary-Land_, which would make much better for them that stay’d behind,
-as well as it would advantage those that went.
-
-They whose abilities cannot extend to purchase their own transportation
-into _Mary-Land_ (and surely he that cannot command so small a sum for
-so great a matter, his life must needs be mighty low and dejected), I
-say they may for the debarment of a four years sordid liberty, go over
-into this Province and there live plentiously well. And what’s a four
-years Servitude to advantage a man all the remainder of his dayes,
-making his predecessors happy in his {56} sufficient abilities, which
-he attained to partly by the restrainment of so small a time?
-
-Now those that commit themselves into the care of the Merchant to carry
-them over, they need not trouble themselves with any inquisitive search
-touching their Voyage; for there is such an honest care and provision
-made for them all the time they remain aboard the Ship, and are sailing
-over, that they want for nothing that is necessary and convenient.
-
-The Merchant commonly before they go aboard the Ship, or set themselves
-in any forwardness for their Voyage, has Conditions of Agreements
-drawn between him and those that by a voluntary consent become his
-Servants, to serve him, his Heirs or Assigns, according as they in
-their primitive acquaintance have made their bargain (see note No.
-34), some two, some three, some four years; and whatever the Master or
-Servant tyes himself up to here in _England_ by Condition, the Laws of
-the Province will force a performance of when they come there: Yet here
-is this Priviledge in it when they arrive, If they dwell not with the
-Merchant they made their first agreement withall, they may choose whom
-they will serve their prefixed time with; and after their curiosity
-has pitcht on one whom they think fit for their turn, and that they
-may live well withall, the Merchant makes an Assignment of the
-Indenture over to him whom they of their free will have chosen to be
-their Master, in the same nature as we here in _England_ (and no {57}
-otherwise) turn over Covenant Servants or Apprentices from one Master
-to another. Then let those whose chaps are always breathing forth those
-filthy dregs of abusive exclamations, which are Lymbeckt from their
-sottish and preposterous brains, against this Country of _Mary-Land_,
-saying, That those which are transported over thither, are sold in open
-Market for Slaves, and draw in Carts like Horses; which is so damnable
-an untruth, that if they should search to the very Center of Hell, and
-enquire for a Lye of the most antient and damned stamp, I confidently
-believe they could not find one to parallel this: For know, That
-the Servants here in _Mary-Land_ of all Colonies, distant or remote
-Plantations, have the least cause to complain, either for strictness
-of Servitude, want of Provisions, or need of Apparel: Five dayes and a
-half in the Summer weeks is the alotted time that they work in; and for
-two months, when the Sun predominates in the highest pitch of his heat,
-they claim an antient and customary Priviledge, to repose themselves
-three hours in the day within the house, and this is undeniably granted
-to them that work in the Fields.
-
-In the Winter time, which lasteth three months (viz.), _December_,
-_January_, and _February_, they do little or no work or imployment,
-save cutting of wood to make good fires to sit by, unless their
-Ingenuity will prompt them to hunt the Deer, or Bear, or recreate
-themselves in Fowling, to slaughter the Swans, Geese, and Turkeys
-(which this Country affords in a most {58} plentiful manner): For
-every Servant has a Gun, Powder and Shot allowed him, to sport him
-withall on all Holidayes and leasurable times, if he be capable of
-using it, or be willing to learn.
-
-Now those Servants which come over into this Province, being
-Artificers, they never (during their Servitude) work in the Fields, or
-do any other imployment save that which their Handicraft and Mechanick
-endeavours are capable of putting them upon, and are esteem’d as well
-by their Masters, as those that imploy them, above measure. He that’s
-a Tradesman here in _Mary-Land_ (though a Servant), lives as well as
-most common Handicrafts do in _London_, though they may want something
-of that Liberty which Freemen have, to go and come at their pleasure;
-yet if it were rightly understood and considered, what most of the
-Liberties of the several poor Tradesmen are taken up about, and what a
-care and trouble attends that thing they call Liberty, which according
-to the common translation is but Idleness, and (if weighed in the
-Ballance of a just Reason) will be found to be much heavier and cloggy
-then the four years restrainment of a _Mary-Land_ Servitude. He that
-lives in the nature of a Servant in this Province, must serve but four
-years by the Custom of the Country; and when the expiration of his
-time speaks him a Freeman, there’s a Law in the Province, that enjoyns
-his Master whom he hath served to give him Fifty Acres of Land, Corn
-to serve him a whole year, three Suits of Apparel, {59} with things
-necessary to them, and Tools to work withall; so that they are no
-sooner free, but they are ready to set up for themselves, and when once
-entred, they live passingly well. (See note No. 35).
-
-The Women that go over into this Province as Servants, have the best
-luck here as in any place of the world besides; for they are no sooner
-on shoar, but they are courted into a Copulative Matrimony, which some
-of them (for aught I know) had they not come to such a Market with
-their Virginity, might have kept it by them untill it had been mouldy,
-unless they had let it out by a yearly rent to some of the Inhabitants
-of _Lewknors-Lane_ (see note No. 36), or made a Deed of Gift of it
-to Mother _Coney_, having only a poor stipend out of it, untill the
-Gallows or Hospital called them away. Men have not altogether so good
-luck as Women in this kind, or natural preferment, without they be good
-Rhetoricians, and well vers’d in the Art of perswasion, then (probably)
-they may ryvet themselves in the time of their Servitude into the
-private and reserved favour of their Mistress, if Age speak their
-Master deficient.
-
-In short, touching the Servants of this Province, they live well in the
-time of their Service, and by their restrainment in that time, they are
-made capable of living much better when they come to be free; which
-in several other parts of the world I have observed, That after some
-servants have brought their indented and limited time to a just and
-legal period {60} by Servitude, they have been much more incapable of
-supporting themselves from sinking into the Gulf of a slavish, poor,
-fettered, and intangled life, then all the fastness of their prefixed
-time did involve them in before.
-
-Now the main and principal Reason of those incident casualties, that
-wait continually upon the residences of most poor Artificers, is (I
-gather) from the multiciplicity or innumerableness of those several
-Companies of Tradesmen, that dwell so closely and stiflingly together
-in one and the same place, that like the chafing Gum in Watered-Tabby,
-they eat into the folds of one anothers Estates. And this might easily
-be remedied, would but some of them remove and disperse distantly where
-want and necessity calls for them; their dwellings (I am confident)
-would be much larger, and their conditions much better, as well in
-reference to their Estates, as to the satisfactoriness of their minds,
-having a continual imployment, and from that imployment a continual
-benefit, without either begging, seducing, or flattering for it,
-encroaching that one month from one of the same profession, that
-they are heaved out themselves the next. For I have observed on the
-other side of _Mary-Land_, that the whole course of most Mechanical
-endeavours, is to catch, snatch, and undervalue one another, to get
-a little work, or a Customer; which when they have attained by their
-lowbuilt and sneaking circumventings, it stands upon so flashy,
-mutable, and transitory {61} a foundation, that the best of his hopes
-is commonly extinguisht before the poor undervalued Tradesman is warm
-in the enjoyment of his Customer.
-
-Then did not a cloud of low and base Cowardize eclipse the Spirits
-of these men, these things might easily be diverted; but they had as
-live take a Bear by the tooth, as think of leaving their own Country,
-though they live among their own National people, and are governed by
-the same Laws they have here, yet all this wont do with them; and all
-the Reason they can render to the contrary is, There’s a great Sea
-betwixt them and _Mary-Land_, and in that Sea there are Fishes, and
-not only Fishes but great Fishes, and then should a Ship meet with
-such an inconsiderable encounter as a Whale, one blow with his tayle,
-and then _Lord have Mercy upon us_: Yet meet with these men in their
-common Exchange, which is one story high in the bottom of a Celler,
-disputing over a Black-pot, it would be monstrously dreadful here to
-insert the particulars, one swearing that he was the first that scaled
-the Walls of _Dundee_, when the Bullets flew about their ears as thick
-as Hailstones usually fall from the Sky; which if it were but rightly
-examined, the most dangerous Engagement that ever he was in, was but
-at one of the flashy battels at _Finsbury_, (see note No. 37), where
-commonly there’s more Custard greedily devoured, than men prejudiced by
-the rigour of the War. Others of this Company relating their several
-dreadful exploits, {62} and when they are just entring into the
-particulars, let but one step in and interrupt their discourse, by
-telling them of a Sea Voyage, and the violency of storms that attends
-it, and that there are no back-doors to run out at, which they call,
-_a handsom Retreat and Charge again_; the apprehensive danger of this
-is so powerful and penetrating on them, that a damp sweat immediately
-involves their Microcosm, so that _Margery_ the old Matron of the
-Celler, is fain to run for a half-peny-worth of _Angelica_ to rub their
-nostrils; and though the Port-hole of their bodies has been stopt from
-a convenient Evacuation some several months, theyl’e need no other
-Suppository to open the Orifice of their Esculent faculties then this
-Relation, as their Drawers or Breeches can more at large demonstrate to
-the inquisitive search of the curious.
-
-Now I know that some will be apt to judge, that I have written this
-last part out of derision to some of my poor Mechanick Country-men:
-Truly I must needs tell those to their face that think so of me, that
-they prejudice me extremely, by censuring me as guilty of any such
-crime: What I have written is only to display the sordidness of their
-dispositions, who rather than they will remove to another Country to
-live plentiously well, and give their Neighbors more Elbow-room and
-space to breath in, they will croud and throng upon one another, with
-the pressure of a beggarly and unnecessary weight. {63}
-
-That which I have to say more in this business, is a hearty and
-desirous wish, that the several poor Tradesmen here in _London_ that
-I know, and have borne an occular testimony of their want, might live
-so free from care as I did when I dwelt in the bonds of a four years
-Servitude in _Mary-Land_.
-
-    _Be just (Domestick Monarchs) unto them_
-    _That dwell as Household Subjects to each Realm;_
-    _Let not your Power make you be too severe,_
-    _Where there’s small faults reign in your sharp Career:_
-    _So that the Worlds base yelping Crew_
-    _May’nt bark what I have wrote is writ untrue,_
-    _So use your Servants, if there come no more,_
-    _They may serve Eight, instead of serving Four._
-
-{64}
-
-
-
-
-CHAP. IV.
-
-_Upon Trafique, and what Merchandizing Commodities this Province
-affords, also how Tobacco is planted and made fit for Commerce._
-
-
-Trafique, Commerce, and Trade, are those great wheeles that by their
-circular and continued motion, turn into most Kingdoms of the Earth
-the plenty of abundant Riches that they are commonly fed withall: For
-Trafique in his right description, is the very soul of a Kingdom; and
-should but Fate ordain a removal of it for some years, from the richest
-and most populous Monarchy that dwells in the most fertile clyme of
-the whole Universe, he would soon find by a woful experiment, the miss
-and loss of so reviving a supporter. And I am certainly confident,
-that _England_ would as soon feel her feebleness by withdrawment of so
-great an upholder; as well in reference to the internal and healthful
-preservative of her Inhabitants, for want of those Medicinal Drugs that
-are landed upon her Coast every year, as the external profits, Glory
-and beneficial Graces that accrue by her.
-
-_Paracelsus_ might knock down his Forge, if Trafique and Commerce
-should once cease, and grynde the hilt of his Sword into Powder, and
-take some of the Infusion to make him so valorous, that he might cut
-his {65} own Throat in the honor of _Mercury_: _Galen_ might then
-burn his Herbal, and like _Joseph of Arimathea_, build him a Tomb in
-his Garden, and so rest from his labours: Our Physical Collegians of
-_London_ would have no cause then to thunder Fire-balls at _Nich.
-Culpeppers_ Dispensatory (see note No. 38). All Herbs, Roots, and
-Medicines would bear their original christening, that the ignorant
-might understand them: _Album grecum_ would not be _Album grecum_ (see
-note No. 39) then, but a Dogs turd would be a Dogs turd in plain terms,
-in spight of their teeth.
-
-If Trade should once cease, the Custom-house would soon miss her
-hundreds and thousands Hogs-heads of Tobacco (see note No. 40), that
-use to be throng in her every year, as well as the Grocers would in
-their Ware-houses and Boxes, the Gentry and Commonalty in their Pipes,
-the Physician in his Drugs and Medicinal Compositions; The (leering)
-Waiters for want of imployment, might (like so many _Diogenes_)
-intomb themselves in their empty Casks, and rouling themselves off
-the Key into the _Thames_, there wander up and down from tide to tide
-in contemplation of _Aristotles_ unresolved curiosity, until the
-rottenness of their circular habitation give them a _Quietus est_,
-and fairly surrender them up into the custody of those who both for
-profession, disposition and nature, lay as near claim to them, as if
-they both tumbled in one belly, and for name they jump alike, being
-according to the original translation both _Sharkes_. {66}
-
-Silks and Cambricks, and Lawns to make sleeves, would be as soon miss’d
-at Court, as Gold and Silver would be in the Mint and Pockets: The
-Low-Country Soldier would be at a cold stand for Outlandish Furrs to
-make him Muffs, to keep his ten similitudes warm in the Winter, as well
-as the Furrier for want of Skins to uphold his Trade.
-
-Should Commerce once cease, there is no Country in the habitable
-world but would undoubtedly miss that flourishing, splendid and rich
-gallantry of Equipage, that Trafique maintained and drest her up in,
-before she received that fatal Eclipse: _England_, _France_, _Germany_
-and _Spain_, together with all the Kingdoms——
-
-But stop (good Muse) lest I should, like the Parson of _Pancras_ (see
-note No. 41), run so far from my Text in half an hour, that a two hours
-trot back again would hardly fetch it up: I had best while I am alive
-in my Doctrine, to think again of _Mary-Land_, lest the business of
-other Countries take up so much room in my brain, that I forget and
-bury her in oblivion.
-
-The three main Commodities this Country affords for Trafique, are
-Tobacco, Furrs, and Flesh. Furrs and Skins, as Beavers, Otters,
-Musk-Rats, Rackoons, Wild-Cats, and Elke or Bufieloe (see note No. 42),
-with divers others, which were first made vendible by the _Indians_ of
-the Country, and sold to the Inhabitant, and by them to the Merchant,
-and so {67} transported into _England_ and other places where it
-becomes most commodious.
-
-Tobacco is the only solid Staple Commodity of this Province: The use of
-it was first found out by the _Indians_ many Ages agoe, and transferr’d
-into Christendom by that great Discoverer of _America Columbus_. It’s
-generally made by all the Inhabitants of this Province, and between the
-months of _March_ and _April_ they sow the seed (which is much smaller
-then Mustard-seed) in small beds and patches digg’d up and made so by
-art, and about _May_ the Plants commonly appear green in those beds:
-In _June_ they are transplanted from their beds, and set in little
-hillocks in distant rowes, dug up for the same purpose; some twice or
-thrice they are weeded, and succoured from their illegitimate Leaves
-that would be peeping out from the body of the Stalk. They top the
-several Plants as they find occasion in their predominating rankness:
-About the middle of _September_ they cut the Tobacco down, and carry
-it into houses, (made for that purpose) to bring it to its purity: And
-after it has attained, by a convenient attendance upon time, to its
-perfection, it is then tyed up in bundles, and packt into Hogs-heads,
-and then laid by for the Trade.
-
-Between _November_ and _January_ there arrives in this Province
-Shipping to the number of twenty sail and upwards (see note No. 43),
-all Merchant-men loaden with Commodities to Trafique and dispose of,
-{68} trucking with the Planter for Silks, Hollands, Serges, and
-Broad-clothes, with other necessary Goods, priz’d at such and such
-rates as shall be judg’d on is fair and legal, for Tobacco at so much
-the pound, and advantage on both sides considered; the Planter for his
-work, and the Merchant for adventuring himself and his Commodity into
-so far a Country: Thus is the Trade on both sides drove on with a fair
-and honest _Decorum_.
-
-The Inhabitants of this Province are seldom or never put to the
-affrightment of being robb’d of their money, nor to dirty their Fingers
-by telling of vast sums: They have more bags to carry Corn, then Coyn;
-and though they want, but why should I call that a want which is only a
-necessary miss? the very effects of the dirt of this Province affords
-as great a profit to the general Inhabitant, as the Gold of _Peru_ doth
-to the straight-breecht Commonalty of the _Spaniard_.
-
-Our Shops and Exchanges of _Mary-Land_, are the Merchants Store-houses,
-where with few words and protestations Goods are bought and delivered;
-not like those Shop-keepers Boys in _London_, that continually cry,
-_What do ye lack Sir? What d’ye buy?_ yelping with so wide a mouth, as
-if some Apothecary had hired their mouths to stand open to catch Gnats
-and Vagabond Flyes in.
-
-Tobacco is the currant Coyn of _Mary-Land_, and will sooner purchase
-Commodities from the Merchant, {69} then money. I must confess the
-_New-England_ men that trade into this Province, had rather have fat
-Pork for their Goods, than Tobacco or Furrs (see note No. 44), which I
-conceive is, because their bodies being fast bound up with the cords
-of restringent Zeal, they are fain to make use of the lineaments of
-this _Non-Canaanite_ creature physically to loosen them; for a bit of a
-pound upon a two-peny Rye loaf, according to the original Receipt, will
-bring the costiv’st red-ear’d Zealot in some three hours time to a fine
-stool, if methodically observed.
-
-_Medera_-Wines, Sugars, Salt, Wickar-Chairs, and Tin Candlesticks, is
-the most of the Commodities they bring in: They arrive in _Mary-Land_
-about _September_, being most of them Ketches and Barkes, and such
-small Vessels, and those dispersing themselves into several small
-Creeks of this Province, to sell and dispose of their Commodities,
-where they know the Market is most fit for their small Adventures.
-
-_Barbadoes_ (see note No. 45), together with the several adjacent
-Islands, has much Provision yearly from this Province: And though
-these Sun-burnt _Phaetons_ think to outvye _Mary-Land_ in their Silks
-and Puffs, daily speaking against her whom their necessities makes
-them beholding to, and like so many _Don Diegos_ that becackt _Pauls_,
-cock their Felts and look big upon’t; yet if a man could go down into
-their infernals, and see how it fares with them there, I believe he
-would hardly find any other Spirit to {70} buoy them up, then the
-ill-visaged Ghost of want, that continually wanders from gut to gut to
-feed upon the undigested rynes of Potatoes.
-
-    _Trafique is Earth’s great Atlas, that supports_
-    _The pay of Armies, and the height of Courts,_
-    _And makes Mechanicks live, that else would die_
-    _Meer starving Martyrs to their penury:_
-    _None but the Merchant of this thing can boast,_
-    _He, like the Bee, comes loaden from each Coast,_
-    _And to all Kingdoms, as within a Hive,_
-    _Stows up those Riches that doth make them thrive:_
-    _Be thrifty_, Mary-Land, _keep what thou hast in store,_
-    _And each years Trafique to thy self get more._
-
-{71}
-
-
-
-
-A Relation of the Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and Religion of the
-SUSQUEHANOCK (see note No. 46) INDIANS in and near MARY-LAND.
-
-
-As the diversities of Languages (since Babels confusion) has made the
-distinction between people and people, in this Christendompart of the
-world; so are they distinguished Nation from Nation, by the diversities
-and confusion of their Speech and Languages (see note No. 47) here
-in _America_: And as every Nation differs in their Laws, Manners and
-Customs, in _Europe_, _Asia_ and _Africa_, so do they the very same
-here; That it would be a most intricate and laborious trouble, to
-run (with a description) through the several Nations of _Indians_
-here in _America_, considering the innumerableness and diversities
-of them that dwell on this vast and unmeasured Continent: But rather
-then I’le be altogether silent, I shall do like the Painter in the
-Comedy, who being to limne out the Pourtraiture of the Furies, as they
-severally appeared, set himself behind a Pillar, and between fright and
-amazement, drew them by guess. Those _Indians_ that I have convers’d
-withall here in this Province of _Mary-Land_, and have had any occular
-experimental view of either of their Customs, Manners, Religions, and
-Absurdities, are called by the {72} name of _Susquehanocks_, being a
-people lookt upon by the Christian Inhabitants, as the most Noble and
-Heroick Nation of _Indians_ that dwell upon the confines of _America_;
-also are so allowed and lookt upon by the rest of the _Indians_, by
-a submissive and tributary acknowledgement; being a people cast into
-the mould of a most large and Warlike deportment, the men being for
-the most part seven foot high in latitude, and in magnitude and bulk
-suitable to so high a pitch; their voyce large and hollow, as ascending
-out of a Cave, their gate and behavior strait, stately and majestick,
-treading on the Earth with as much pride, contempt, and disdain to so
-sordid a Center, as can be imagined from a creature derived from the
-same mould and Earth.
-
-Their bodies are cloth’d with no other Armour to defend them from the
-nipping frosts of a benumbing Winter, or the penetrating and scorching
-influence of the Sun in a hot Summer, then what Nature gave them when
-they parted with the dark receptacle of their mothers womb. They go
-Men, Women and Children, all naked, only where shame leads them by a
-natural instinct to be reservedly modest, there they become cover’d.
-The formality of _Jezabels_ artificial Glory is much courted and
-followed by these _Indians_, only in matter of colours (I conceive)
-they differ.
-
-The _Indians_ paint upon their faces one stroke of red, another of
-green, another of white, and another of black, so that when they have
-accomplished the {73} Equipage of their Countenance in this trim, they
-are the only Hieroglyphicks and Representatives of the Furies. Their
-skins are naturally white, but altered from their originals by the
-several dyings of Roots and Barks, that they prepare and make useful
-to metamorphize their hydes into a dark Cinamon brown. The hair of
-their head is black, long and harsh, but where Nature hath appointed
-the situation of it any where else, they divert it (by an antient
-custom) from its growth, by pulling it up hair by hair by the root in
-its primitive appearance. Several of them wear divers impressions on
-their breasts and armes, as the picture of the Devil, Bears, Tigers,
-and Panthers, which are imprinted on their several lineaments with much
-difficulty and pain, with an irrevocable determination of its abiding
-there: And this they count a badge of Heroick Valour, and the only
-Ornament due to their _Heroes_. (See note No. 48).
-
-These _Susquehanock Indians_ are for the most part great Warriours, and
-seldom sleep one Summer in the quiet armes of a peaceable Rest, but
-keep (by their present Power, as well as by their former Conquest) the
-several Nations of _Indians_ round about them, in a forceable obedience
-and subjection.
-
-Their Government is wrapt up in so various and intricate a Laborynth,
-that the speculativ’st Artist in the whole World, with his artificial
-and natural Opticks, cannot see into the rule or sway of these
-_Indians_, to distinguish what name of Government to {74} call them
-by; though _Purchas_ (see note No. 49) in his _Peregrination_ between
-_London_ and _Essex_, (which he calls the whole World) will undertake
-(forsooth) to make a Monarchy of them, but if he had said Anarchy, his
-word would have pass’d with a better belief. All that ever I could
-observe in them as to this matter is, that he that is most cruelly
-Valorous, is accounted the most Noble: Here is very seldom any creeping
-from a Country Farm, into a Courtly Gallantry, by a sum of money; nor
-feeing the Heralds to put Daggers and Pistols into their Armes, to make
-the ignorant believe that they are lineally descended from the house of
-the Wars and Conquests; he that fights best carries it here.
-
-When they determine to go upon some Design that will and doth require a
-Consideration, some six of them get into a corner, and sit in Juncto;
-and if thought fit, their business is made popular, and immediately
-put into action; if not, they make a full stop to it, and are silently
-reserv’d.
-
-The Warlike Equipage they put themselves in when they prepare for
-_Belona’s_ March, is with their faces, armes, and breasts confusedly
-painted, their hair greased with Bears oyl, and stuck thick with
-Swans Feathers, with a wreath or Diadem of black and white Beads upon
-their heads, a small Hatchet, instead of a Cymetre, stuck in their
-girts behind them, and either with Guns, or Bows and Arrows. In this
-posture and dress they march out from their Fort, or {75} dwelling,
-to the number of Forty in a Troop, singing (or rather howling out) the
-Decades or Warlike exploits of their Ancestors, ranging the wide Woods
-untill their fury has met with an Enemy worthy of their Revenge. What
-Prisoners fall into their hands by the destiny of War, they treat them
-very civilly while they remain with them abroad, but when they once
-return homewards, they then begin to dress them in the habit for death,
-putting on their heads and armes wreaths of Beads, greazing their hair
-with fat, some going before, and the rest behind, at equal distance
-from their Prisoners, bellowing in a strange and confused manner, which
-is a true presage and forerunner of destruction to their then conquered
-Enemy. (See note No. 50).
-
-In this manner of march they continue till they have brought them to
-their Berken City (see note No. 51), where they deliver them up to
-those that in cruelty will execute them, without either the legal
-Judgement of a Council of War, or the benefit of their Clergy at the
-Common Law. The common and usual deaths they put their Prisoners to,
-is to bind them to stakes, making a fire some distance from them; then
-one or other of them, whose Genius delights in the art of Paganish
-dissection, with a sharp knife or flint cuts the Cutis or outermost
-skin of the brow so deep, untill their nails, or rather Talons, can
-fasten themselves firm and secure in, then (with a most rigid jerk)
-disrobeth the head of skin and hair at one pull, leaving {76} the
-skull almost as bare as those Monumental Skelitons at Chyrurgions-Hall;
-but for fear they should get cold by leaving so warm and customary
-a Cap off, they immediately apply to the skull a Cataplasm of hot
-Embers to keep their Pericanium warm. While they are thus acting this
-cruelty on their heads, several others are preparing pieces of Iron,
-and barrels of old Guns, which they make red hot, to sear each part and
-lineament of their bodies, which they perform and act in a most cruel
-and barbarous manner: And while they are thus in the midst of their
-torments and execrable usage, some tearing their skin and hair of their
-head off by violence, others searing their bodies with hot irons, some
-are cutting their flesh off, and eating it before their eyes raw while
-they are alive; yet all this and much more never makes them lower the
-Top-gallant sail of their Heroick courage, to beg with a submissive
-Repentance any indulgent favour from their persecuting Enemies; but
-with an undaunted contempt to their cruelty, eye it with so slight and
-mean a respect, as if it were below them to value what they did, they
-courageously (while breath doth libertize them) sing the summary of
-their Warlike Atchievements.
-
-Now after this cruelty has brought their tormented lives to a period,
-they immediately fall to butchering of them into parts, distributing
-the several pieces amongst the Sons of War, to intomb the ruines
-of their deceased Conquest in no other Sepulchre then {77} their
-unsanctified maws; which they with more appetite and desire do eat
-and digest, then if the best of foods should court their stomachs to
-participate of the most restorative Banquet. Yet though they now and
-then feed upon the Carkesses of their Enemies, this is not a common
-dyet, but only a particular dish for the better sort (see note No. 52);
-for there is not a Beast that runs in the Woods of _America_, but if
-they can by any means come at him, without any scruple of Conscience
-they’le fall too (Without saying Grace) with a devouring greediness.
-
-As for their Religion, together with their Rites and Ceremonies, they
-are so absurd and ridiculous, that its almost a sin to name them. They
-own no other Deity than the Devil, (solid or profound) but with a kind
-of a wilde imaginary conjecture, they suppose from their groundless
-conceits, that the World had a Maker, but where he is that made it,
-or whether he be living to this day, they know not. The Devil, as I
-said before, is all the God they own or worship; and that more out of
-a slavish fear then any real Reverence to his Infernal or Diabolical
-greatness, he forcing them to their Obedience by his rough and rigid
-dealing with them, often appearing visibly among them to their terrour,
-bastinadoing them (with cruel menaces) even unto death, and burning
-their Fields of Corn and houses, that the relation thereof makes them
-tremble themselves when they tell it. {78}
-
-Once in four years they Sacrifice a Childe to him (see note No. 53),
-in an acknowledgement of their firm obedience to all his Devillish
-powers, and Hellish commands. The Priests to whom they apply themselves
-in matters of importance and greatest distress, are like those that
-attended upon the Oracle at _Delphos_, who by their Magic-spells could
-command a _pro_ or _con_ from the Devil when they pleas’d. These
-_Indians_ oft-times raise great Tempests when they have any weighty
-matter or design in hand, and by blustering storms inquire of their
-Infernal God (the Devil) _How matters shall go with them either in
-publick or private._ (See note No. 54).
-
-When any among them depart this life, they give him no other
-intombment, then to set him upright upon his breech in a hole dug in
-the Earth some five foot long, and three foot deep, covered over with
-the Bark of Trees Arch-wise, with his face Du-West, only leaving a
-hole half a foot square open. They dress him in the same Equipage and
-Gallantry that he used to be trim’d in when he was alive, and so bury
-him (if a Soldier) with his Bows, Arrows, and Target, together with all
-the rest of his implements and weapons of War, with a Kettle of Broth,
-and Corn standing before him, lest he should meet with bad quarters
-in his way. (See note No. 55). His Kinred and Relations follow him to
-the Grave, sheath’d in Bear skins for close mourning, with the tayl
-droyling on the ground, in imitation of our _English_ Solemners, {79}
-that think there’s nothing like a tayl a Degree in length, to follow
-the dead Corpse to the Grave with. Here if that snuffling Prolocutor,
-that waits upon the dead Monuments of the Tombs at _Westminster_, with
-his white Rod were there, he might walk from Tomb to Tomb with his,
-_Here lies the Duke of_ Ferrara _and his Dutchess_, and never find any
-decaying vacation, unless it were in the moldering Consumption of his
-own Lungs. They bury all within the wall or Pallisado’d impalement of
-their City, or _Connadago_ (see note No. 56) as they call it. Their
-houses are low and long, built with the Bark of Trees Arch-wise,
-standing thick and confusedly together. They are situated a hundred and
-odd miles distant from the Christian Plantations of _Mary-Land_, at the
-head of a River that runs into the Bay of _Chæsapike_, called by their
-own name _The Susquehanock River_, where they remain and inhabit most
-part of the Summer time, and seldom remove far from it, unless it be to
-subdue any Forreign Rebellion.
-
-About _November_ the best Hunters draw off to several remote places of
-the Woods, where they know the Deer, Bear, and Elke useth; there they
-build them several Cottages, which they call their Winter-quarter,
-where they remain for the space of three months, untill they have
-killed up a sufficiency of Provisions to supply their Families with in
-the Summer.
-
-The Women are the Butchers, Cooks, and Tillers of the ground, the
-Men think it below the honour of {80} a Masculine, to stoop to any
-thing but that which their Gun, or Bow and Arrows can command. The Men
-kill the several Beasts which they meet withall in the Woods, and the
-Women are the Pack horses to fetch it in upon their backs, fleying
-and dressing the hydes, (as well as the flesh for provision) to make
-them fit for Trading, and which are brought down to the _English_ at
-several seasons in the year, to truck and dispose of them for course
-Blankets, Guns, Powder and lead, Beads, small Looking-glasses, Knives,
-and Razors. (See note No. 57).
-
-I never observed all the while I was amongst these naked _Indians_,
-that ever the Women wore the Breeches, or dared either in look or
-action predominate over the Men. They are very constant to their Wives;
-and let this be spoken to their Heathenish praise, that did they not
-alter their bodies by their dyings, paintings, and cutting themselves,
-marring those Excellencies that Nature bestowed upon them in their
-original conceptions and birth, there would be as amiable beauties
-amongst them, as any _Alexandria_ could afford, when _Mark Anthony_
-and _Cleopatra_ dwelt there together. Their Marriages are short and
-authentique; for after ’tis resolv’d upon by both parties, the Woman
-sends her intended Husband a Kettle of boyl’d Venison, or Bear; and he
-returns in lieu thereof Beaver or Otters Skins, and so their Nuptial
-Rites are concluded without other Ceremony. (See note No. 58). {81}
-
-Before I bring my Heathenish Story to a period, I have one thing worthy
-your observation: For as our Grammar Rules have it, _Non decet quenquam
-me ire currentem aut mandantem_: It doth not become any man to piss
-running or eating. These Pagan men naturally observe the same Rule;
-for they are so far from running, that like a Hare, they squat to the
-ground as low as they can, while the Women stand bolt upright with
-their armes a Kimbo, performing the same action, in so confident and
-obscene a posture (see note No. 59), as if they had taken their Degrees
-of Entrance at _Venice_, and commenced Bawds of Art at _Legorne_.
-
-{82}
-
-
-
-
-A Collection of some Letters that were written by the same Author, most
-of them in the time of his Servitude.
-
-
-_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B.
-
-SIR,
-
-I have lived with sorrow to see the Anointed of the Lord tore from his
-Throne by the hands of Paricides, and in contempt haled, in the view of
-God, Angels and Men, upon a public Theatre, and there murthered. I have
-seen the sacred Temple of the Almighty, in scorn by Schismatics made
-the Receptacle of Theeves and Robbers; and those Religious Prayers,
-that in devotion Evening and Morning were offered up as a Sacrifice to
-our God, rent by Sacrilegious hands, and made no other use of, then
-sold to Brothel-houses to light Tobacco with.
-
-Who then can stay, or will, to see things of so great weight steer’d
-by such barbarous Hounds as these: First, were there an _Egypt_ to
-go down to, I would involve my Liberty to them, upon condition ne’er
-more to see my Country. What? live in silence under the sway of such
-base actions, is to give consent; and though the lowness of my present
-Estate and Condition, with the hazard I put my future dayes upon, might
-plead a just excuse for me to stay at home; but Heavens forbid: I’le
-rather serve in {84} Chains, and draw the Plough with Animals, till
-death shall stop and say, _It is enough_. Sir, if you stay behind, I
-wish you well: I am bound for _Mary-Land_, this day I have made some
-entrance into my intended voyage, and when I have done more, you shall
-know of it. I have here inclosed what you of me desired, but truly
-trouble, discontent and business, have so amazed my senses, that what
-to write, or where to write, I conceive my self almost as uncapable
-as he that never did write. What you’le find will be _Ex tempore_,
-without the use of premeditation; and though there may want something
-of a flourishing stile to dress them forth, yet I’m certain there wants
-nothing of truth, will, and desire.
-
-    _Heavens bright Lamp, shine forth some of thy Light,_
-    _But just so long to paint this dismal Night;_
-    _Then draw thy beams, and hide thy glorious face,_
-    _From the dark sable actions of this place;_
-    _Leaving these lustful Sodomites groping still,_
-    _To satisfie each dark unsatiate will,_
-    _Untill at length the crimes that they commit,_
-    _May sink them down to Hells Infernal pit._
-    _Base and degenerate Earth, how dost thou lye,_
-    _That all that pass hiss, at thy Treachery?_
-    _Thou which couldst boast once of thy King and Crown,_
-    _By base Mechanicks now art tumbled down,_
-     Brewers _and_ Coblers, _that have scarce an Eye,_
-    _Walk hand in hand an thy Supremacy;_
-    _And all those Courts where Majesty did Throne,_
-    _Are now the Seats for Oliver and Ioan:_ {85}
-    _Persons of Honour, which did before inherit_
-    _Their glorious Titles from deserved merit,_
-    _Are all grown silent, and with wonder gaze,_
-    _To view such Slaves drest in their Courtly rayes;_
-    _To see a_ Drayman _that knows nought but Yeast,_
-    _Set in a Throne like_ Babylons _red Beast,_
-    _While heaps of Parasites do idolize_
-    _This red-nos’d_ Bell, _with fawning Sacrifice._
-    _What can we say? our King they’ve Murthered,_
-    _And those well born, are basely buried:_
-    _Nobles are slain, and Royalists in each street_
-    _Are scorn’d, and kick’d by most Men that they meet:_
-    _Religion’s banisht, and Heresie survives,_
-    _And none but Conventicks in this Age thrives._
-    _Oh could those_ Romans _from their Ashes rise,_
-    _That liv’d in_ Nero’s _time: Oh how their cries_
-    _Would our perfidious Island shake, nay rend,_
-    _With clamorous screaks unto the Heaven send:_
-    _Oh how they’d blush to see our Crimson crimes,_
-    _And know the Subjects Authors of these times:_
-    _When as the Peasant he shall take his King,_
-    _And without cause shall fall a murthering him;_
-    _And when that’s done, with Pride assume the Chair,_
-    _And_ Nimrod-_like, himself to heaven rear;_
-    _Command the People, make the Land Obey_
-    _His baser will, and swear to what he’l say._
-    _Sure, sure our God has not these evils sent_
-    _To please himself, but for mans punishment:_
-    _And when he shall from our dark sable Skies_
-    _Withdraw these Clouds, and let our Sun arise,_
-    _Our dayes will surely then in Glory shine,_
-    _Both in our Temporal, and our State divine:_ {86}
-    _May this come quickly, though I may never see_
-    _This glorious day, yet I would sympathie,_
-    _And feel a joy run through each vain of blood,_
-    _Though Vassalled on t’other side the Floud._
-    _Heavens protect his Sacred Majesty,_
-    _From secret Plots, & treacherous Villany._
-    _And that those Slaves that now predominate,_
-    _Hang’d and destroy’d may be their best of Fate;_
-    _And though Great_ Charles _be distant from his own,_
-    _Heaven I hope will seat him on his Throne._
-
- Vale.
-
- Yours what I may,
- G. A.
-
- From the Chimney Corner upon a
- low cricket, where I writ this in
- the noise of some six Women,
- _Aug._ 19. _Anno_
-
-
-_To my Honored Father at his House._
-
-SIR,
-
-Before I dare bid Adieu to the old World, or shake hands with my native
-Soyl for ever, I have a Conscience inwards tells me, that I must offer
-up the remains of that Obedience of mine, that lyes close centered
-within the cave of my Soul, at the Alter, of your paternal Love: And
-though this Sacrifice of mine may shew something low and thread-bare,
-(at this time) yet know, That in the Zenith of all {87} actions,
-Obedience is that great wheel that moves the lesser in their circular
-motion.
-
-I am now entring for some time to dwell under the Government of
-_Neptune_, a Monarchy that I was never manured to live under, nor to
-converse with in his dreadful Aspect, neither do I know how I shall
-bear with his rough demands; but that God has carried me through those
-many gusts a shoar, which I have met withall in the several voyages of
-my life, I hope will Pilot me safely to my desired Port, through the
-worst of Stormes I shall meet withall at Sea.
-
-We have strange, and yet good news aboard, that he whose vast mind
-could not be contented with spacious Territories to stretch his
-insatiate desires on, is (by an Almighty power) banished from his
-usuped Throne to dwell among the dead. I no sooner heard of it, but my
-melancholly Muse forced me upon this ensuing Distich.
-
-    _Poor vaunting Earth, gloss’d with uncertain Pride,_
-    _That liv’d in Pomp, yet worse than others dy’d:_
-    _Who shall blow forth a Trumpet to thy praise?_
-    _Or call thy sable Actions shining Rayes?_
-    _Such Lights as those blaze forth the vertued dead,_
-    _And make them live, though they are buried._
-    _Thou’st gone, and to thy memory let be said,_
-    _There lies that Oliver which of old betray’d_
-    _His King and Master, and after did assume,_
-    _With swelling Pride, to govern in his room._
-    _Here I’le rest satisfied, Scriptures expound to me,_
-    _Tophet was made for such Supremacy._
-
-{88}
-
-The death of this great Rebel (I hope) will prove an _Omen_ to
-presage destruction on the rest. The Worlds in a heap of troubles
-and confusion, and while they are in the midst of their changes and
-amazes, the best way to give them the bag, is to go out of the World
-and leave them. I am now bound for _Mary-Land_, and I am told that’s a
-New World, but if it prove no better than this, I shall not get much by
-my change; but before I’le revoke my Resolution, I am resolv’d to put
-it to adventure, for I think it can hardly be worse then this is: Thus
-committing you into the hands of that God that made you, I rest
-
- _Your Obedient Son_,
- G. A.
-
- From aboard a Ship at _Gravesend_,
- _Sept._ 7th, _Anno_
-
-
-_To my Brother._
-
-I leave you very near in the same condition as I am in my self, only
-here lies the difference, you were bound at Joyners Hall in _London_
-Apprentice-wise, and I conditionally at Navigators Hall, that now
-rides at an Anchor at _Gravesend_; I hope you will allow me to live
-in the largest Mayordom, by reason I am the eldest: None but the main
-Continent of _America_ will serve me for a Corporation to inhabit
-{89} in now, though I am affraid for all that, that the reins of my
-Liberty will be something shorter then yours will be in _London_: But
-as to that, what Destiny has ordered I am resolved with an adventerous
-Resolution to subscribe to, and with a contented imbracement enjoy
-it. I would fain have seen you once more in this Old World, before I
-go into the New, I know you have a chain about your Leg, as well as I
-have a clog about my Neck: If you can’t come, send a line or two, if
-not, wish me well at least: I have one thing to charge home upon you,
-and I hope you will take my counsel, That you have alwayes an obedient
-Respect and Reverence to your aged Parents, that while they live they
-may have comfort of you, and when that God shall sound a retreat to
-their lives, that there they may with their gray hairs in joy go down
-to their Graves.
-
-Thus concluding, wishing you a comfortable Servitude, a prosperous
-Life, and the assurance of a happy departure in the immutable love of
-him that made you,
-
- Vale.
-
- Your Brother,
- G. A.
-
- From _Gravesend_, Sept. 7. _Anno_
-
-{90}
-
-
-_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B. _at his House_.
-
-I am got ashoar with much ado, and it is very well it is as it is, for
-if I had stayed a little longer, I had certainly been a Creature of
-the Water, for I had hardly flesh enough to carry me to Land, not that
-I wanted for any thing that the Ship could afford me in reason: But
-oh the great bowls of Pease-porridge that appeared in sight every day
-about the hour of twelve, ingulfed the senses of my Appetite so, with
-the restringent quality of the Salt Beef, upon the internal Inhabitants
-of my belly, that a _Galenist_ for some days after my arrival, with his
-Bag-pipes of Physical operations, could hardly make my Puddings dance
-in any methodical order.
-
-But to set by these things that happened unto me at Sea, I am now upon
-Land, and there I’le keep my self if I can, and for four years I am
-pretty sure of my restraint; and had I known my yoak would have been
-so easie, (as I conceive it will) I would have been here long before
-now, rather then to have dwelt under the pressure of a Rebellious and
-Trayterous Government so long as I did. I dwell now by providence in
-the Province of _Mary-Land_, (under the quiet Government of the Lord
-_Baltemore_) which Country a bounds in a most glorious prosperity and
-plenty of all things. And though the Infancy of her situation might
-plead an excuse to those several imperfections, (if she were guilty
-of any of them) which by {91} scandalous and imaginary conjectures
-are falsly laid to her charge, and which she values with so little
-notice or perceivance of discontent, that she hardly alters her visage
-with a frown, to let them know she is angry with such a Rascality of
-people, that loves nothing better then their own sottish and abusive
-acclamations of baseness: To be short, the Country (so far forth as I
-have seen into it) is incomparable.
-
-Here is a sort of naked Inhabitants, or wilde people, that have for
-many ages I believe lived here in the Woods of _Mary-Land_, as well as
-in other parts of the Continent, before e’er it was by the Christian
-Discoverers found out; being a people strange to behold, as well in
-their looks, which by confused paintings makes them seem dreadful, as
-in their sterne and heroick gate and deportments, the Men are mighty
-tall and big limbed, the Women not altogether so large; they are most
-of them very well featured, did not their wilde and ridiculous dresses
-alter their original excellencies: The men are great Warriours and
-Hunters, the Women ingenious and laborious Housewives.
-
-As to matter of their Worship, they own no other Deity then the
-Devil, and him more out of a slavish fear, then any real devotion,
-or willing acknowledgement to his Hellish power. They live in little
-small Bark-Cottages, in the remote parts of the Woods, killing and
-slaying the several Animals that they meet withall to make provision
-of, dressing their {92} several Hydes and Skins to Trafique withall,
-when a conveniency of Trade presents. I would go on further, but like
-Doctor _Case_, when he had not a word more to speak for himself, _I am
-afraid my beloved I have kept you too long_. Now he that made you save
-you.     _Amen._
-
- _Yours to command_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, _Febr._ 6. _Anno_
-
-And not to forget _Tom Forge_ I beseech you, tell him that my Love’s
-the same towards him still, and as firm as it was about the overgrown
-Tryal, when Judgements upon judgements, had not I stept in, would have
-pursued him untill the day of Judgement, _&c._
-
-
-_To my Father at his House._
-
-SIR,
-
-After my Obedience (at so great and vast a distance) has humbly saluted
-you and my good Mother, with the cordialest of my prayers, wishes,
-and desires to wait upon you, with the very best of their effectual
-devotion, wishing from the very Center of my Soul your flourishing and
-well-being here upon Earth, and your glorious and everlasting happiness
-in the World to Come. {93}
-
-These lines (my dear Parents) come from that Son which by an irregular
-Fate was removed from his Native home, and after a five months
-dangerous passage, was landed on the remote Continent of _America_,
-in the Province of _Mary-Land_, where now by providence I reside. To
-give you the particulars of the several accidents that happened in our
-voyage by Sea, it would swell a Journal of some sheets, and therefore
-too large and tedious for a Letter: I think it therefore necessary to
-bind up the relation in Octavo, and give it you in short.
-
-We had a blowing and dangerous passage of it, and for some dayes after
-I arrived, I was an absolute _Copernicus_, it being one main point
-of my moral Creed, to believe the World had a pair of long legs, and
-walked with the burthen of the Creation upon her back. For to tell
-you the very truth of it, for some dayes upon Land, after so long
-and tossing a passage, I was so giddy that I could hardly tread an
-even step; so that all things both above and below (that was in view)
-appeared to me like the _Kentish Britains_ to _William the Conqueror_,
-in a moving posture.
-
-Those few number of weeks since my arrival, has given me but little
-experience to write any thing large of the Country; only thus much
-I can say, and that not from any imaginary conjectures, but from an
-occular observation, That this Country of _Mary-Land_ abounds in a
-flourishing variety of delightful Woods, {94} pleasant groves, lovely
-Springs, together with spacious Navigable Rivers and Creeks, it being
-a most helthful and pleasant situation, so far as my knowledge has yet
-had any view in it.
-
-Herds of Deer are as numerous in this Province of _Mary-Land_, as
-Cuckolds can be in _London_, only their horns are not so well drest and
-tipt with silver as theirs are.
-
-Here if the Devil had such a Vagary in his head as he had once among
-the _Gadareans_, he might drown a thousand head of Hogs and they’d
-ne’re be miss’d, for the very Woods of this Province swarms with them.
-
-The Christian Inhabitant of this Province, as to the general, lives
-wonderful well and contented: The Government of this Province is by
-the loyalness of the people, and loving demeanor of the Proprietor and
-Governor of the same, kept in a continued peace and unity.
-
-The Servant of this Province, which are stigmatiz’d for Slaves by the
-clappermouth jaws of the vulgar in _England_, live more like Freemen
-then the most Mechanick Apprentices in _London_, wanting for nothing
-that is convenient and necessary, and according to their several
-capacities, are extraordinary well used and respected. So leaving
-things here as I found them, and lest I should commit Sacriledge upon
-your more serious meditations, with the Tautologies of a long-winded
-Letter, I’le subscribe with a {95} heavenly Ejaculation to the God of
-Mercy to preserve you now and for evermore, _Amen_.
-
- _Your Obedient Son_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, _Jan._ 17. _Anno_
-
-
-_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. M. F.
-
-SIR,
-
-You writ to me when I was at _Gravesend_, (but I had no conveniency to
-send you an answer till now) enjoyning me, if possible, to give you a
-just Information by my diligent observance, what thing were best and
-most profitable to send into this Country for a commodious Trafique.
-
-_Sir_, The enclosed will demonstrate unto you both particularly and at
-large, to the full satisfaction of your desire, it being an Invoyce
-drawn as exact to the business you imployed me upon, as my weak
-capacity could extend to.
-
-_Sir_, If you send any Adventure to this Province, let me beg to give
-you this advice in it; That the Factor whom you imploy be a man of a
-Brain, otherwise the Planter will go near to make a Skimming-dish of
-his Skull: I know your Genius can interpret my meaning. The people of
-this place (whether the saltness of the Ocean gave them any alteration
-when they went over first, or their continual dwelling under {96} the
-remote Clyme where they now inhabit, I know not) are a more acute
-people in general, in matters of Trade and Commerce, then in any other
-place of the World (see note No. 60), and by their crafty and sure
-bargaining, do often over-reach the raw and unexperienced Merchant. To
-be short, he that undertakes Merchants imployment for _Mary-Land_, must
-have more of Knave in him then Fool; he must not be a windling piece
-of Formality, that will lose his Imployers Goods for Conscience sake;
-nor a flashy piece of Prodigality, that will give his Merchants fine
-Hollands, Laces, and Silks, to purchase the benevolence of a Female:
-But he must be a man of solid confidence, carrying alwayes in his looks
-the Effigies of an Execution upon Command, if he supposes a baffle or
-denyal of payment, where a debt for his Imployer is legally due. (See
-note No. 61).
-
-_Sir_, I had like almost to forgot to tell you in what part of the
-World I am: I dwell by providence Servant to Mr. _Thomas Stocket_
-(see note No. 62), in the County of _Baltemore_, within the Province
-of _Mary-Land_, under the Government of the Lord _Baltemore_, being a
-Country abounding with the variety and diversity of all that is or may
-be rare. But lest I should Tantalize you with a relation of that which
-is very unlikely of your enjoying, by reason of that strong Antipathy
-you have ever had ’gainst Travel, as to your own particular: I’le
-only tell you, that _Mary-Land_ is seated within the large extending
-armes {97} of _America_, between the Degrees of 36 and 38, being in
-Longitude from _England_ eleven hundred and odd Leagues.
-
- Vale.
-
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, _Jan._ 17. _Anno_
-
-
-_To my Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B. _at his House_.
-
-SIR,
-
-Yours I received, wherein I find my self much obliged to you for your
-good opinion of me, I return you millions of thanks.
-
-_Sir_, you wish me well, and I pray God as well that those wishes may
-light upon me, and then I question not but all will do well. Those
-Pictures you sent sewed up in a Pastboard, with a Letter tacked on the
-outside, you make no mention at all what should be done with them:
-If they are Saints, unless I knew their names, I could make no use
-of them. Pray in your next let me know what they are, for my fingers
-itch to be doing with them one way or another. Our Government here
-hath had a small fit of a Rebellious Quotidian, (see note No. 63), but
-five Grains of the powder of Subvertment has qualified it. Pray be
-larger in your next how things stand in _England_: I understand His
-Majesty is return’d with Honour, and seated in the hereditary Throne
-of his Father; God {98} bless him from Traytors, and the Church from
-Sacrilegious Schisms, and you as a loyal Subject to the one, and a true
-Member to the other; while you so continue, the God of order, peace and
-tranquility, bless and preserve you, _Amen_.
-
- _Vale._
-
- _Your real Friend_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, Febr. 20. _Anno_
-
-
-_To my Honored Father at his House._
-
-SIR,
-
-VVith a twofold unmeasurable joy I received your Letter: First, in
-the consideration of Gods great Mercy to you in particular, (though
-weak and aged) yet to give you dayes among the living. Next, that his
-now most Excellent Majesty _Charles_ the Second, is by the omnipotent
-Providence of God, seated in the Throne of his Father. I hope that God
-has placed him there, will give him a heart to praise and magnifie his
-name for ever, and a hand of just Revenge, to punish the murthering
-and rebellious Outrages of those Sons of shame and Apostacy, that
-Usurped the Throne of his Sacred Honour. Near about the time I received
-your Letter, (or a little before) here sprang up in this Province of
-_Mary-Land_ a kind of pigmie Rebellion: A company of {99} weak-witted
-men, which thought to have traced the steps of _Oliver_ in Rebellion
-(see note No. 63). They began to be mighty stiff and hidebound in their
-proceedings, clothing themselves with the flashy pretences of future
-and imaginary honour, and (had they not been suddenly quell’d) they
-might have done so much mischief (for aught I know) that nothing but
-utter ruine could have ransomed their headlong follies.
-
-His Majesty appearing in _England_, he quickly (by the splendor of his
-Rayes) thawed the stiffness of their frozen and slippery intentions.
-All things (blessed be God for it) are at peace and unity here now: And
-as _Luther_ being asked once, What he thought of some small Opinions
-that started up in his time? answered, _That he thought them to be good
-honest people, exempting their error_: So I judge of these men, That
-their thoughts were not so bad at first, as their actions would have
-led them into in process of time.
-
-I have here enclosed sent you something written in haste upon the
-Kings coming to the enjoyment of his Throne, with a reflection upon
-the former sad and bad times; I have done them as well as I could,
-considering all things: If they are not so well as they should be, all
-I can do is to wish them better for your sakes. My Obedience to you and
-my Mother alwayes devoted.
-
- _Your Son_
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, Febr. 9. _Anno_
-
-{100}
-
-
-_To my Cosen_ Mris. Ellinor Evins.
-
-    E’ _re I forget the Zenith of your Love,_
-    L  _et me be banisht from the Thrones above;_
-    L  _ight let me never see, when I grow rude,_
-    I  _ntomb your Love in base Ingratitude:_
-    N  _or may I prosper, but the state_
-    O  _f gaping_ Tantalus _be my fate;_
-    R  _ather then I should thus preposterous grow,_
-    E  _arth would condemn me to her vaults below._
-    V  _ertuous and Noble, could my Genius raise_
-    I  _mmortal Anthems to your Vestal praise,_
-    N  _one should be more laborious than I,_
-    S  _aint-like to Canonize you to the Sky._
-
-The Antimonial Cup (dear Cosen) you sent me, I had; and as soon as
-I received it, I went to work with the Infirmities and Diseases of
-my body. At the first draught, it made such havock among the several
-humors that had stolen into my body, that like a Conjurer in a room
-among a company of little Devils, they no sooner hear him begin to
-speak high words, but away they pack, and happy is he that can get
-out first, some up the Chimney, and the rest down stairs, till they
-are all disperst. So those malignant humors of my body, feeling the
-operative power, and medicinal virtue of this Cup, were so amazed at
-their sudden surprizal, (being alwayes before battered only by the weak
-assaults of some few Empyricks) they stood not long to dispute, but
-with joynt consent {101} made their retreat, some running through the
-sink of the Skullery, the rest climbing up my ribs, took my mouth for a
-Garret-window, and so leapt out.
-
-_Cosen_, For this great kindness of yours, in sending me this medicinal
-vertue, I return you my thanks: It came in a very good time, when I
-was dangerously sick, and by the assistance of God it hath perfectly
-recovered me.
-
-I have sent you here a few Furrs, they were all I could get at present,
-I humbly beg your acceptance of them, as a pledge of my love and
-thankfulness unto you; I subscribe,
-
- _Your loving Cosen_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary Land_, _Dec._ 9. _Anno_
-
-
-_To My Brother_ P. A.
-
-BROTHER,
-
-I have made a shift to unloose my self from my Collar now as well as
-you, but I see at present either small pleasure or profit in it: What
-the futurality of my dayes will bring forth, I know not; For while I
-was linckt with the Chain of a restraining Servitude, I had all things
-cared for, and now I have all things to care for my self, which makes
-me almost to wish my self in for the other four years.
-
-Liberty without money, is like a man opprest with the Gout, every step
-he puts forward puts him to {102} pain; when on the other side, he
-that has Coyn with his Liberty, is like the swift Post-Messenger of the
-Gods, that wears wings at his heels, his motion being swift or slow, as
-he pleaseth.
-
-I received this year two Caps, the one white, of an honest plain
-countenance, the other purple, which I conceive to be some antient
-Monumental Relique; which of them you sent I know not, and it was a
-wonder how I should, for there was no mention in the Letter, more then,
-_that my Brother had sent me a Cap_: They were delivered me in the
-company of some Gentlemen that ingaged me to write a few lines upon the
-purple one, and because they were my Friends I could not deny them; and
-here I present them to you as they were written.
-
-    _Haile from the dead, or from Eternity,_
-    _Thou Velvit Relique of Antiquity;_
-    _Thou which appear’st here in thy purple hew,_
-    _Tell’s how the dead within their Tombs do doe;_
-    _How those Ghosts fare within each Marble Cell,_
-    _Where amongst them for Ages thou didst dwell._
-    _What Brain didst cover there? tell us that we_
-    _Upon our knees vayle Hats to honour thee:_
-    _And if no honour’s due, tell us whose pate_
-    _Thou basely coveredst, and we’l joyntly hate:_
-    _Let’s know his name, that we may shew neglect;_
-    _If otherwise, we’l kiss thee with respect._
-    _Say, didst thou cover Noll’s old brazen head,_
-    _Which on the top of Westminster high Lead_ {103}
-    _Stands on a Pole, erected to the sky,_
-    _As a grand Trophy to his memory._
-    _From his perfidious skull didst thou fall down,_
-    _In a dis-dain to honour such a crown_
-    _With three-pile Velvet? tell me, hadst thou thy fall_
-    _From the high top of that Cathedral?_
-    _None of the_ Heroes _of the_ Roman _stem,_
-    _Wore ever such a fashion’d Diadem,_
-    _Didst thou speak_ Turkish _in thy unknown dress,_
-    _Thou’dst cover_ Great Mogull, _and no man less;_
-    _But in thy make methinks thou’rt too too scant,_
-    _To be so great a Monarch’s Turberant._
-    _The_ Jews _by_ Moses _swear, they never knew_
-    _E’re such a Cap drest up in_ Hebrew:
-    _Nor the strict Order of the_ Romish _See,_
-    _Wears any Cap that looks so base as thee;_
-    _His Holiness hates thy Lowness, and instead,_
-    _Wears Peters spired Steeple on his head:_
-    _The Cardinals descent is much more flat,_
-    _For want of name, baptized is_ A Hat;
-    _Through each strict Order has my fancy ran,_
-    _Both_ Ambrose, Austin, _and the_ Franciscan,
-    _Where I beheld rich Images of the dead,_
-    _Yet scarce had one a Cap upon his head:_
-     Episcopacy _wears Caps, but not like thee,_
-    _Though several shap’d, with much diversity:_
-    _’Twere best I think I presently should gang_
-    _To_ Edenburghs _strict_ Presbyterian;
-    _But Caps they’ve none, their ears being made so large,_
-    _Serves them to turn it like a_ Garnesey _Barge;_
-    _Those keep their skulls warm against North-west gusts,_
-    _When they in Pulpit do poor_ Calvin _curse._ {104}
-    _Thou art not_ Fortunatus, _for I daily see,_
-    _That which I wish is farthest off from me:_
-    _Thy low-built state none ever did advance,_
-    _To christen thee the_ Cap of Maintenance;
-    _Then till I know from whence thou didst derive,_
-    _Thou shalt be call’d, the_ Cap of Fugitive.
-
-You writ to me this year to send you some Smoak; at that instant it
-made me wonder that a man of a rational Soul, having both his eyes
-(blessed be God) should make so unreasonable a demand, when he that
-has but one eye, nay he which has never a one, and is fain to make use
-of an Animal conductive for his optick guidance, cannot endure the
-prejudice that Smoak brings with it: But since you are resolv’d upon
-it, I’le dispute it no farther.
-
-I have sent you that which will make Smoak, (namely Tobacco) though the
-Funk it self is so slippery that I could not send it, yet I have sent
-you the Substance from whence the Smoak derives: What use you imploy it
-to I know not, nor will I be too importunate to know; yet let me tell
-you this, That if you burn it in a room to affright the Devil from the
-house, you need not fear but it will work the same effect, as _Tobyes_
-galls did upon the leacherous Fiend.   No more at present.   _Vale._
-
- _Your Brother_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, _Dec._ 11. _Anno_
-
-{105}
-
-
-_To my Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B.
-
-SIR,
-
-This is the entrance upon my fifth year, and I fear ’twill prove
-the worst: I have been very much troubled with a throng of unruly
-Distempers, that have (contrary to my expectation) crouded into the
-Main-guard of my body, when the drowsie Sentinels of my brain were a
-sleep. Where they got in I know not, but to my grief and terror I find
-them predominant: Yet as Doctor _Dunne_, sometimes Dean of St. _Pauls,
-said, That the bodies diseases do but mellow a man for Heaven, and so
-ferments him in this World, as he shall need no long concoction in
-the Grave, but hasten to the Resurrection_. And if this were weighed
-seriously in the Ballance of Religious Reason, the World we dwell in
-would not seem so inticing and bewitching as it doth.
-
-We are only sent by God of an Errand into this World, and the time
-that’s allotted us for to stay, is only for an Answer. When God my
-great Master shall in good earnest call me home, which these warnings
-tell me I have not long to stay, I hope then I shall be able to give
-him a good account of my Message.
-
-_Sir_, My weakness gives a stop to my writing, my hand being so
-shakingly feeble, that I can hardly hold my pen any further then to
-tell you, I am yours {106} while I live, which I believe will be but
-some few minutes.
-
-If this Letter come to you before I’me dead, pray for me, but if I am
-gone, pray howsoever, for they can do me no harm if they come after me.
-
- _Vale._
-
- _Your real Friend_,
- G. A.
-
- From _Mary-Land_, Dec. 13. _Anno_
-
-
-_To my Parents._
-
-From the Grave or Receptacle of Death am I raised, and by an omnipotent
-power made capable of offering once more my Obedience (that lies close
-cabbined in the inwardmost apartment of my Soul) at the feet of your
-immutable Loves.
-
-My good Parents, God hath done marvellous things for me, far beyond
-my deserts, which at best were preposterously sinful, and unsuitable
-to the sacred will of an Almighty: _But he is merciful, and his mercy
-endures for ever._ When sinful man has by his Evils and Iniquities
-pull’d some penetrating Judgment upon his head, and finding himself
-immediately not able to stand under so great a burthen as Gods smallest
-stroke of Justice, lowers the Top-gallant sayle of his Pride, and
-with an humble submissiveness prostrates himself before the Throne
-of his sacred Mercy, and {107} like those three Lepars that sate at
-the Gate of _Samaria_, resolved, _If we go into the City we shall
-perish, and if we stay here we shall perish also: Therefore we will
-throw our selves into the hands of the_ Assyrians _and if we perish,
-we perish_: This was just my condition as to eternal state; my soul
-was at a stand in this black storm of affliction: I view’d the World,
-and all that’s pleasure in her, and found her altogether flashy,
-aiery, and full of notional pretensions, and not one firm place where
-a distressed Soul could hang his trust on. Next I viewed my self, and
-there I found, instead of good Works, lively Faith, and Charity, a
-most horrid neast of condemned Evils, bearing a supreme Prerogative
-over my internal faculties. You’l say here was little hope of rest in
-this extreme Eclipse, being in a desperate amaze to see my estate so
-deplorable: My better Angel urged me to deliver up my aggrievances to
-the Bench of Gods Mercy, the sure support of all distressed Souls: His
-Heavenly warning, and inward whispers of the good Spirit I was resolv’d
-to entertain, and not quench, and throw my self into the armes of a
-loving God, _If I perish, I perish_. ’Tis beyond wonder to think of the
-love of God extended to sinful man, that in the deepest distresses or
-agonies of Affliction, when all other things prove rather hinderances
-then advantages, even at that time God is ready and steps forth to the
-supportment of his drooping Spirit. Truly, about a fortnight before I
-wrote this Letter, two of our ablest Physicians {108} rendered me up
-into the hands of God, the universal Doctor of the whole World, and
-subscribed with a silent acknowledgement, That all their Arts, screw’d
-up to the very Zenith of Scholastique perfection, were not capable of
-keeping me from the Grave at that time: But God, the great preserver
-of Soul and Body, said contrary to the expectation of humane reason,
-_Arise, take up thy bed and walk_.
-
-I am now (through the help of my Maker) creeping up to my former
-strength and vigour, and every day I live, I hope I shall, through the
-assistance of divine Grace, climbe nearer and nearer to my eternal home.
-
-I have received this year three Letters from you, one by Capt. _Conway_
-Commander of the _Wheat-Sheaf_, the others by a _Bristol_ Ship. Having
-no more at present to trouble you with, but expecting your promise, I
-remain as ever,
-
- _Your dutiful Son_,
- G. A.
-
- _Mary-Land_, _April_ 9. _Anno_
-
-I desire my hearty love may be remembered to my Brother, and the rest
-of my Kinred.
-
-
-FINIS.
-
-{109}
-
-
-
-
-NOTES.
-
-
-_Note_ 1, _page_ 15.
-
-After having resolved to reprint Alsop’s early account of Maryland,
-as an addition to my _Bibliotheca Americana_, I immediately fell in
-with a difficulty which I had not counted on. After much inquiry and
-investigation, I could find no copy to print from among all my earnest
-book collecting acquaintances. At length some one informed me that
-Mr. Bancroft the historian had a copy in his library. I immediately
-took the liberty of calling on him and making known my wants, he
-generously offered to let me have the use of it for the purpose stated,
-I carried the book home, had it carefully copied, but unfortunately
-during the process I discovered the text was imperfect as well as
-deficient in both portrait and map. Like Sisyphus I had to begin
-anew, and do nearly all my labor over; I sent to London to learn if
-the functionaries in the British Museum would permit a tracing of the
-portrait and map to be made from their copy, the answer returned was,
-that they would or could not permit this, but I might perfect my text
-if I so choosed by copying from theirs. Here I was once more at sea
-without compass, rudder, or chart: I made known my condition to an
-eminent and judicious collector of old American literature in the city
-of New York, he very frankly informed me that he could aid me in my
-difficulty by letting me have the use of a copy, which would relieve
-me from my present dilemma. I was greatly rejoiced at this discovery
-as well as by the generosity of the owner. The following day the
-book was put into my possession, and so by the aid of it was enabled
-to complete the text. Here another difficulty burst into view, this
-copy had no portrait. That being the only defect in perfecting a copy
-of Alsop’s book, I now resolved to proceed and publish it without a
-portrait, but perhaps fortunately, making known this resolve to some
-of the knowing ones in book gathering, they remonstrated against this
-course, adding that it would ruin the book in the estimation of all
-who would buy such a rarity. I was inclined to listen favorably to
-this protest, and therefore had to commence a new effort to obtain a
-portrait. I then laid about me again to try and procure a copy that
-had one: I knew that not more than three or four collectors in the
-country who were likely to have such an heir-loom. To one living at a
-considerable distance from New York I took the liberty of addressing
-a letter on the subject, wherein I made known my difficulties. To my
-great gratification this courteous and confiding gentleman not only
-immediately made answer, but sent a perfect copy of this rare and much
-wanted book for my use. I immediately had the {110} portrait and map
-reproduced by the photo-lithographic process. During the time the book
-was in my possession, which was about ten days, so fearful was I that
-any harm should befall it that I took the precaution to wrap up the
-precious little volume in tissue paper and carry it about with me all
-the time in my side pocket, well knowing that if it was either injured
-or lost I could not replace it. I understand that a perfect copy of the
-original in the London market would bring fifty pounds sterling. I had
-the satisfaction to learn it reached the generous owner in safety.
-
-Had I known the difficulties I had to encounter of procuring a copy of
-the original of Alsop’s singular performance, I most certainly would
-never have undertaken to reproduce it in America. Mr. Jared Sparks told
-me that he had a like difficulty to encounter when he undertook to
-write the life of Ledyard the traveler. Said he: “a copy of his journal
-I could find nowhere to purchase, at length I was compelled to borrow
-a copy on very humiliating conditions; the owner perhaps valued it too
-highly.” I may add that I had nearly as much difficulty in securing an
-editor, as I had in procuring a perfect copy. However on this point I
-at last was very fortunate.
-
- WILLIAM GOWANS.
-
- 115 Nassau street, March 23d, 1869.
-
-
-_Note_ 2, _page_ 19.
-
-Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, eldest son of George Calvert, 1st Lord
-Baltimore, and Anne Wynne of Hertingfordbury, England, was born in
-1606. He succeeded to the title April 15, 1632, and married Anne,
-daughter of Lord Arundel, whose name was given to a county in Maryland.
-His rule over Maryland, disturbed in Cromwell’s time, but restored
-under Charles II, has always been extolled. He died Nov. 30, 1675,
-covered with age and reputation.—_O’Callaghan’s N. Y. Col. Doc._, II.
-p. 74.
-
-
-_Note_ 3, _page_ 19.
-
-Avalon, the territory in Newfoundland, of which the first Lord
-Baltimore obtained a grant in 1623, derived its name from the spot in
-England where, as tradition said, Christianity was first preached by
-Joseph of Arimathea.
-
-
-_Note_ 4, _page_ 21.
-
-Owen Feltham, as our author in his errata correctly gives the name, was
-an author who enjoyed a great reputation in his day. His _Resolves_
-appeared first about 1620, and in 1696 had reached the eleventh
-edition. They were once reprinted in the 18th century, and in full
-or in part four times in the {111} 19th, and an edition appeared
-in America about 1830. Hallam in spite of this popularity calls him
-“labored, artificial and shallow.”
-
-
-_Note_ 5, _page_ 24.
-
-Burning on the hand was not so much a punishment as a mark on those
-who, convicted of felony, pleaded the benefit of clergy, which they
-were allowed to do once only.
-
-
-_Note_ 6, _page_ 25.
-
-Literally: “Good wine needs no sign.”
-
-
-_Note_ 7, _page_ 26.
-
-Billingsgate is the great fish market of London, and the scurrilous
-tongues of the fish women have made the word synonymous with vulgar
-abuse.
-
-
-_Note_ 8, _page_ 28.
-
-Alsop though cautiously avoiding Maryland politics, omits no fling at
-the Puritans. Pride was a parliament colonel famous for _Pride’s Purge_.
-
-
-_Notes_ 9, 10, _pages_ 31, 33.
-
-William Bogherst, and H. W., Master of Arts, have eluded all our
-efforts to immortalize them.
-
-
-_Note_ 11, _page_ 35.
-
-Chesapeake is said to be K’tchisipik, Great Water, in Algonquin.
-
-
-_Note_ 12, _page_ 38.
-
-Less bombast and some details as to the botany of Maryland would have
-been preferable.
-
-
-_Note_ 13, _page_ 39.
-
-The American deer (_Cariacus Virginianus_) is here evidently meant.
-{112}
-
-
-_Note_ 14, _page_ 39.
-
-Whetston’s (Whetstone) park: “A dilapidated street in Lincoln’s Inn
-Fields, at the back of Holborn. It contains scarcely anything but
-old, half-tumble down houses; not a living plant of any kind adorns
-its nakedness, so it is presumable that as a park it never had an
-existence, or one so remote that even tradition has lost sight of the
-fact.”
-
-
-_Note_ 15, _page_ 39.
-
-The animals here mentioned are the black wolf (_canis occidentalis_),
-the black bear, the panther (_felis concolor_).
-
-
-_Note_ 16, _page_ 40.
-
-These animals are well known, the elk (_alces Americanus_), cat o’ the
-mountain or catamount (_felis concolor_), raccoon (_procyon lotor_),
-fox (_vulpes fulvus_), beaver (_castor fiber_), otter (_lutra_),
-opossum (_didelphys Virginiana_), hare, squirrel, musk-rat (_fiber
-zibethicus_). The monack is apparently the Maryland marmot or woodchuck
-(_arctomys monax_).
-
-
-_Note_ 17, _page_ 40.
-
-The domestic animals came chiefly from Virginia. As early as May 27,
-1634, they got 100 swine from Accomac, with 30 cows, and they expected
-goats and hens (_Relation of Maryland_, 1634). Horses and sheep had
-to be imported from England, Virginia being unable to give any. Yet
-in 1679 Dankers and Sluyters, the Labadists, say: “Sheep they have
-none.”—_Collections Long Island Hist. Soc._, I, p. 218.
-
-
-_Note_ 18, _page_ 41.
-
-Alluding to the herds of swine kept by the Gadarenes, into one of which
-the Saviour allowed the devil named Legion to enter.
-
-
-_Note_ 19, _page_ 42.
-
-The abundance of these birds is mentioned in the _Relations of
-Maryland_, 1634, p. 22, and 1635, p. 23. The Labadists with whose
-travels the Hon. {113} H. C. Murphy has enriched our literature,
-found the geese in 1679–80 so plentiful and noisy as to prevent their
-sleeping, and the ducks filling the sky like a cloud.—_Long Island
-Hist. Coll._, I, pp. 195, 204.
-
-
-_Note_ 20, _page_ 43.
-
-Alsop makes no allusion to the cultivation of maize, yet the Labadists
-less than twenty years after describe it at length as the principal
-grain crop of Maryland.—_Ib._, p. 216.
-
-
-_Note_ 21, _page_ 45.
-
-Considering the facts of history, this picture is sadly overdrawn,
-Maryland having had its full share of civil war.
-
-
-_Note_ 22, _page_ 46.
-
-The fifth monarchy men were a set of religionists who arose during the
-Puritan rule in England. They believed in a fifth universal monarchy of
-which Christ was to be the head, under whom they, his saints, were to
-possess the earth. In 1660 they caused an outbreak in London, in which
-many were killed and others tried and executed. Their leader was one
-Venner. The Adamites, a gnostic sect, who pretended that regenerated
-man should go naked like Adam and Eve in their state of innocence,
-were revived during the Puritan rule in England; and in our time in
-December, 1867, we have seen the same theory held and practiced in
-Newark, N. J.
-
-
-_Note_ 23, _page_ 46.
-
-In the provisional act, passed in the first assembly, March 19, 1638,
-and entitled “An Act ordaining certain laws for the government of this
-province,” the twelfth section required that “every person planting
-tobacco shall plant and tend two acres of corn.” A special act was
-introduced the same session and read twice, but not passed. A new
-law was passed, however, Oct. 23, 1640, renewed Aug. 1, 1642, April
-21, 1649, Oct. 20, 1654, April 12, 1662, and made perpetual in 1676.
-These acts imposed a fine of fifty pounds of tobacco for every half
-acre the offender fell short, besides fifty pounds of the same current
-leaf as constables’ fees. It was to this persistent enforcement of the
-cultivation of cereals that Maryland so soon became the granary of New
-England. {114}
-
-
-_Note_ 24, _page_ 47.
-
-The Assembly, or House of Burgesses, at first consisted of all freemen,
-but they gradually gave place to delegates. The influence of the
-proprietary, however, decided the selection. In 1650 fourteen burgesses
-met as delegates or representatives of the several hundreds, there
-being but two counties organized, St. Marys and the Isle of Kent. Ann
-Arundel, called at times Providence county, was erected April 29,
-1650. Patuxent was erected under Cromwell in 1654.—_Bacon’s Laws of
-Maryland_, 1765.
-
-
-_Note_ 25, _page_ 47.
-
-Things had changed when the _Sot Weed Factor_ appeared, as the author
-of that satirical poem dilates on the litigious character of the people.
-
-
-_Note_ 26, _page_ 47.
-
-The allusion here I have been unable to discover.
-
-
-_Note_ 27, _page_ 48.
-
-The colony seems to have justified some of this eulogy by its good
-order, which is the more remarkable, considering the height of party
-feeling.
-
-
-_Note_ 28, _page_ 48.
-
-Halberdeers; the halberd was smaller than the partisan, with a sharp
-pointed blade, with a point on one side like a pole-axe.
-
-
-_Note_ 29, _page_ 49.
-
-Newgate, Ludgate and Bridewell are the well known London prisons.
-
-
-_Note_ 30, _page_ 50.
-
-Our author evidently failed from this cause. {115}
-
-
-_Note_ 31, _page_ 50.
-
-A fling at the various Puritan schools, then active at home and abroad.
-
-
-_Note_ 32, _page_ 50.
-
-The first Quakers in Maryland were Elizabeth Harris, Josiah Cole, and
-Thomas Thurston, who visited it in 1657, but as early as July 23, 1659,
-the governor and council issued an order to seize any Quakers and whip
-them from constable to constable out of the province. Yet in spite of
-this they had settled meetings as early as 1661, and Peter Sharpe, the
-Quaker physician, appears as a landholder in 1665, the very year of
-Alsop’s publication.—_Norris, Early Friends or Quakers in Maryland_
-(Maryland Hist. Soc., March, 1862).
-
-
-_Note_ 33, _page_ 50.
-
-The Baptists centering in Rhode Island, extended across Long Island
-to New Jersey, and thence to New York city; but at this time had not
-reached the south.
-
-
-_Note_ 34, _page_ 56.
-
-A copy of the usual articles is given in the introduction. Alsop here
-refutes current charges against the Marylanders for their treatment
-of servants. Hammond, in his _Leah and Rachel_, p. 12, says: “The
-labour servants are put to is not so hard, nor of such continuance as
-husbandmen nor handecraftmen are kept at in England. . . . . The women
-are not (as is reported) put into the ground to worke, but occupie such
-domestic imployments and housewifery as in England.”
-
-
-_Note_ 35, _page_ 59.
-
-Laws as to the treatment of servants were passed in the Provisional act
-of 1638, and at many subsequent assemblies.
-
-
-_Notes_ 36, 37, _pages_ 59, 61.
-
-Lewknors lane or Charles street was in Drury lane, in the parish of St.
-Giles.—_Seymour’s History of London_, II, p. 767. Finsbury is still a
-well known quarter, in St. Luke’s parish, Middlesex. {116}
-
-
-_Note_ 38, _page_ 65.
-
-Nicholas Culpepper, “student in physic and astrology,” whose _English
-Physician_, published in 1652, ran through many editions, and is still
-a book published and sold.
-
-
-_Note_ 39, _page_ 65.
-
-Dogs dung, used in dressing morocco, is euphemized into _album græcum_,
-and is also called _pure_; those who gather it being still styled in
-England pure-finders.—_Mayhew, London Labor and London Poor_, II, p.
-158.
-
-
-_Note_ 40, _page_ 65.
-
-He has not mentioned tobacco as a crop, but describes it fully a few
-pages after. In Maryland as in Virginia it was the currency. Thus
-in 1638 an act authorized the erection of a water-mill to supersede
-hand-mills for grinding grain, and the cost was limited to 20,000 lbs.
-of tobacco.—_McSherry’s History of Maryland_, p. 56. The Labadists in
-their _Travels_ (p. 216) describe the cultivation at length. Tobacco at
-this time paid two shillings English a cask export duty in Maryland,
-and two-pence a pound duty on its arrival in England, besides weighing
-and other fees.
-
-
-_Note_ 41, _page_ 66.
-
-The Parson of Pancras is unknown to me: but the class he represents is
-certainly large.
-
-
-_Note_ 42, _page_ 66.
-
-The buffalo was not mentioned in the former list, and cannot be
-considered as synonymous with elk.
-
-
-_Note_ 43, _page_ 67.
-
-For satisfactory and correct information of the present commerce and
-condition of Maryland, the reader is referred to the _Census of the
-United States_ in 4 vols., 4to, published at Washington, 1865. {117}
-
-
-_Note_ 44, _page_ 69.
-
-This is a curious observation as to New England trade. A century
-later Hutchinson represents Massachusetts as receiving Maryland
-flour from the Pennsylvania mills, and paying in money and bills of
-exchange.—_Hist. of Massachusetts_, p. II, 397.
-
-
-_Note_ 45, _page_ 69.
-
-The trade with Barbadoes, now insignificant, was in our colonial times
-of great importance to all the colonies. Barbadoes is densely peopled
-and thoroughly cultivated; its imports and exports are each about five
-millions of dollars annually.
-
-
-_Note_ 46, _page_ 71.
-
-The Susquehannas. This _Relation_ is one of the most valuable
-portions of Alsop’s tract, as no other Maryland document gives as
-much concerning this tribe, which nevertheless figures extensively in
-Maryland annals. Dutch and Swedish writers speak of a tribe called
-Minquas (Minquosy, Machœretini in _De Laet_, p. 76); the French in
-Canada (_Champlain_, the _Jesuit Relations, Gendron, Particularitez
-du Pays des Hurons_, p. 7, etc.), make frequent allusion to the
-Gandastogués (more briefly Andastés), a tribe friendly to their
-allies the Hurons, and sturdy enemies of the Iroquois; later still
-Pennsylvania writers speak of the Conestogas, the tribe to which Logan
-belonged, and the tribe which perished at the hands of the Paxton boys.
-Although Gallatin in his map, followed by Bancroft, placed the Andastés
-near Lake Erie, my researches led me to correct this, and identify the
-Susquehannas, Minqua, Andastés or Gandastogués and Conestogas as being
-all the same tribe, the first name being apparently an appellation
-given them by the Virginia tribes; the second that given them by
-the Algonquins on the Delaware; while Gandastogué as the French, or
-Conestoga as the English wrote it, was their own tribal name, meaning
-cabin-pole men, _Natio Perticarum_, from Andasta, a cabin-pole (map in
-Creuxius, _Historia Canadensis_). I forwarded a paper on the subject
-to Mr. Schoolcraft, for insertion in the government work issuing under
-his supervision. It was inserted in the last volume without my name,
-and ostensibly as Mr. Schoolcraft’s. I then gave it with my name in the
-_Historical Magazine_, vol. II, p. 294. The result arrived at there has
-been accepted by Bancroft, in his large paper edition, by Parkman, in
-his _Jesuits in the Wilderness_, by Dr. O’Callaghan, S. F. Streeter,
-Esq., of the Maryland Historical Society, and students generally. {118}
-
-
-From the Virginian, Dutch, Swedish and French authorities, we can thus
-give their history briefly.
-
-The territory now called Canada, and most of the northern portion
-of the United States, from Lake Superior and the Mississippi to the
-mouth of the St. Lawrence and Chesapeake bay were, when discovered
-by Europeans, occupied by two families of tribes, the Algonquin and
-the Huron Iroquois. The former which included all the New England
-tribes, the Micmacs, Mohegans, Delawares, Illinois, Chippewas, Ottawas,
-Pottawatamies, Sacs, Foxes, Miamis, and many of the Maryland and
-Virginian tribes surrounded the more powerful and civilized tribes
-who have been called Huron Iroquois, from the names of the two most
-powerful nations of the group, the Hurons or Wyandots of Upper Canada,
-and the Iroquois or Five Nations of New York. Besides these the
-group included the Neuters on the Niagara, the Dinondadies in Upper
-Canada, the Eries south of the lake of that name, the Andastogués or
-Susquehannas on that river, the Nottaways and some other Virginian
-tribes, and finally the Tuscaroras in North Carolina and perhaps the
-Cherokees, whose language presents many striking points of similarity.
-
-Both these groups of tribes claimed a western origin, and seem, in
-their progress east, to have driven out of Ohio the Quappas, called by
-the Algonquins, Alkansas or Allegewi, who retreated down the Ohio and
-Mississippi to the district which has preserved the name given them by
-the Algonquins.
-
-After planting themselves on the Atlantic border, the various tribes
-seem to have soon divided and become embroiled in war. The Iroquois,
-at first inferior to the Algonquins were driven out of the valley
-of the St. Lawrence into the lake region of New York, where by
-greater cultivation, valor and union they soon became superior to the
-Algonquins of Canada and New York, as the Susquehannas who settled
-on the Susquehanna did over the tribes in New Jersey, Maryland and
-Virginia. (_Du Ponceau’s Campanius_, p. 158.) Prior to 1600 the
-Susquehannas and the Mohawks, the most eastern Iroquois tribe, came
-into collision, and the Susquehannas nearly exterminated the Mohawks in
-a war which lasted ten years. (_Relation de la Nouv. France_, 1659–60,
-p. 28.)
-
-In 1608 Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake and its tributaries,
-met a party of sixty of these Sasquesahanocks as he calls them (I, p.
-120–1), and he states that they were still at war with the Massawomekes
-or Mohawks. (_De Laet Novus Orbis_, p. 79.)
-
-DeVries, in his _Voyages_ (Murphy’s translation, p. 41–3), found
-them in 1633 at war with the Armewamen and Sankiekans, Algonquin
-tribes on the Delaware, maintaining their supremacy by butchery. They
-were friendly to the Dutch. When the Swedes in 1638 settled on the
-Delaware, they renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the Dutch.
-They purchased lands of the ruling tribe and thus secured their
-friendship. (_Hazard’s Annals_, p. 48). They carried the terror of
-their arms southward also, and {119} in 1634 to 1644 they waged war
-on the Yaomacoes, the Piscataways and Patuxents (_Bozman’s Maryland_,
-II. p. 161), and were so troublesome that in 1642 Governor Calvert, by
-proclamation, declared them public enemies.
-
-When the Hurons in Upper Canada in 1647 began to sink under the
-fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehannas sent an
-embassy to offer them aid against the common enemy. (_Gendron,
-Quelques Particularitez du Pays des Hurons_, p. 7). Nor was the offer
-one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put in the field
-1,300 warriors (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1647–8, p. 58)
-trained to the use of fire arms and European modes of war by three
-Swedish soldiers whom they had obtained to instruct them. (_Proud’s
-Pennsylvania_, I, p. 111; _Bozman’s Maryland_, II, p. 273.) Before
-interposing in the war, they began by negotiation, and sent an embassy
-to Onondaga to urge the cantons to peace. (_Relation_, 1648, p. 58).
-The Iroquois refused, and the Hurons, sunk in apathy, took no active
-steps to secure the aid of the friendly Susquehannas.
-
-That tribe, however, maintained its friendly intercourse with its
-European neighbors, and in 1652 Sawahegeh, Auroghteregh, Scarhuhadigh,
-Rutchogah and Nathheldianeh, in presence of a Swedish deputy, ceded to
-Maryland all the territory from the Patuxent river to Palmer’s island,
-and from the Choptauk to the northeast branch north of Elk river.
-(_Bozman’s Maryland_, II, p. 683).
-
-Four years later the Iroquois, grown insolent by their success in
-almost annihilating their kindred tribes north and south of Lake Erie,
-the Wyandots, Dinondadies, Neuters and Eries, provoked a war with the
-Susquehannas, plundering their hunters on Lake Ontario. (_Relation de
-la Nouvelle France_, 1657, pp. 11, 18).
-
-It was at this important period in their history that Alsop knew and
-described them to us.
-
-In 1661 the small-pox, that scourge of the native tribes, broke out
-in their town, sweeping off many and enfeebling the nation terribly.
-War had now begun in earnest with the Five Nations; and though the
-Susquehannas had some of their people killed near their town (_Hazard’s
-Annals_, 341–7), they in turn pressed the Cayugas so hard that some of
-them retreated across Lake Ontario to Canada (_Relation de la Nouvelle
-France_, 1661, p. 39, 1668, p. 20). They also kept the Senecas in such
-alarm that they no longer ventured to carry their peltries to New York,
-except in caravans escorted by six hundred men, who even took a most
-circuitous route. (_Relation_, 1661, p. 40). A law of Maryland passed
-May 1, 1661, authorized the governor to aid the Susquehannas.
-
-Smarting under constant defeat, the Five Nations solicited French
-aid (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1662–3, p. 11, 1663–4, p. 33;
-_Charlevoix_, II, p. 134), but in April, 1663, the Western cantons
-raised an army of eight hundred men to invest and storm the fort of the
-Susquehannas. They embarked on Lake Ontario, according to the French
-account, and then went overland to the Susquehanna. On reaching the
-fort, however, they found {120} it well defended on the river side,
-and on the land side with two bastions in European style with cannon
-mounted and connected by a double curtain of large trees. After some
-trifling skirmishes the Iroquois had recourse to stratagem. They sent
-in a party of twenty-five men to treat of peace and ask provisions to
-enable them to return. The Susquehannas admitted them, but immediately
-burned them all alive before the eyes of their countrymen. (_Relation
-de la Nouvelle France_, 1663, p. 10). The Pennsylvania writers,
-(_Hazard’s Annals of Pennsylvania_, p. 346) make the Iroquois force one
-thousand six hundred, and that of the Susquehannas only one hundred.
-They add that when the Iroquois retreated, the Susquehannas pursued
-them, killing ten and taking as many.
-
-After this the war was carried on in small parties, and Susquehanna
-prisoners were from time to time burned at Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and
-Cayuga (_Relations de la Nouvelle France_, 1668 to 1673), and their
-prisoners doubtless at Canoge on the Susquehanna. In the fall of 1669
-the Susquehannas, after defeating the Cayugas, offered peace, but the
-Cayugas put their ambassador and his nephew to death, after retaining
-him five or six months; the Oneidas having taken nine Susquehannas
-and sent some to Cayuga, with forty wampum belts to maintain the war.
-(_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1670, p. 68.)
-
-At this time the great war chief of the Susquehannas was one styled
-Hochitagete or Barefoot (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1670, p.
-47); and raving women and crafty medicine men deluded the Iroquois
-with promises of his capture and execution at the stake (_Relation_,
-1670, p. 47), and a famous medicine man of Oneida appeared after death
-to order his body to be taken up and interred on the trail leading to
-the Susquehannas as the only means of saving that canton from ruin.
-(_Relation_, 1672, p. 20.)
-
-Towards the summer of 1672 a body of forty Cayugas descended the
-Susquehanna in canoes, and twenty Senecas went by land to attack
-the Susquehannas in their fields; but a band of sixty Andasté or
-Susquehanna boys, the oldest not over sixteen, attacked the Senecas,
-and routed them, killing one brave and taking another. Flushed with
-victory they pushed on to attack the Cayugas, and defeated them also,
-killing eight and wounding with arrow, knife and hatchet, fifteen or
-sixteen more, losing, however, fifteen or sixteen of their gallant
-band. (_Relation_, 1672, p. 24.)
-
-At this time the Susquehannas or Andastés were so reduced by war and
-pestilence that they could muster only three hundred warriors. In 1675,
-however, the Susquehannas were completely overthrown (_Etat Present_,
-1675, manuscript; _Relation_, 1676, p. 2; _Relations Inédites_, II, p.
-44; _Colden’s Five Nations_, I, p. 126), but unfortunately we have no
-details whatever as to the forces which effected it, or the time or
-manner of their utter defeat.
-
-A party of about one hundred retreated into Maryland, and occupied
-some abandoned Indian forts. Accused of the murder of some settlers,
-apparently slain by the Senecas, they sent five of their chiefs to
-the Maryland and Virginia troops, under Washington and Brent, who
-went out in {121} pursuit. Although coming as deputies, and showing
-the Baltimore medal and certificate of friendship, these chiefs were
-cruelly put to death. The enraged Susquehannas then began a terrible
-border war, which was kept till their utter destruction (S. F.
-Streeter’s Destruction of the Susquehannas, _Historical Magazine_,
-I, p. 65). The rest of the tribe, after making overtures to Lord
-Baltimore, submitted to the Five Nations, and were allowed to retain
-their ancient grounds. When Pennsylvania was settled, they became known
-as Conestogas, and were always friendly to the colonists of Penn, as
-they had been to the Dutch and Swedes. In 1701 Canoodagtoh, their king,
-made a treaty with Penn, and in the document they are styled Minquas,
-Conestogos or Susquehannas. They appear as a tribe in a treaty in 1742,
-but were dwindling away. In 1763 the feeble remnant of the tribe became
-involved in the general suspicion entertained by the colonists against
-the red men, arising out of massacres on the borders. To escape danger
-the poor creatures took refuge in Lancaster jail, and here they were
-all butchered by the Paxton boys, who burst into the place. Parkman in
-his _Conspiracy of Pontiac_, p. 414, details the sad story.
-
-The last interest of this unfortunate tribe centres in Logan, the
-friend of the white man, whose speech is so familiar to all, that we
-must regret that it has not sustained the historical scrutiny of Brantz
-Mayer (_Tahgahjute; or, Logan and Capt. Michael Cresap_, Maryland Hist.
-Soc., May, 1851; and 8vo, Albany, 1867). Logan was a Conestoga, in
-other words a Susquehanna.
-
-
-_Note_ 47, _page_ 71.
-
-The language of the Susquehannas, as Smith remarks, differed from that
-of the Virginian tribes generally. As already stated, it was one of the
-dialects of the Huron-Iroquois, and its relation to other members of
-the family may be seen by the following table of the numerals:
-
- Susquehanna
-  or Minqua.    Hochelaga.   Huron.      Mohawk.   Onondaga.
-
- 1.  Onskat,    Segada,      Eskate,     Easka,    Unskat.
- 2.  Tiggene,   Tigneny,     Téni,       Tekeni,   Tegni.
- 3.  Axe,       Asche,       Hachin,     Aghsea,   Achen.
- 4.  Raiene,    Honnacon,    Dac,        Kieri,    Gayeri.
- 5.  Wisck,     Ouiscon,     Ouyche,     Wisk,     Wisk.
- 6.  Jaiack,    Indahir,     Houhahea,   Yayak,    Haiak.
- 7.  Tzadack,   Ayaga,       Sotaret,    Jatak,    Tchiatak.
- 8.  Tickerom,  Addegue,     Attaret,    Satego,   Tegeron.
- 9.  Waderom,   Madellon,    Nechon,     Tiyohto,  Waderom.
- 10. Assan,     Assem,                   Oyeri.
-
-{122}
-
-
-_Note_ 48, _page_ 73.
-
-Smith thus describes them: “Sixty of those Sasquesahanocks came to vs
-with skins, Bowes, Arrows, Targets, Beads, swords and Tobacco pipes for
-presents. Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene, for
-they seemed like Giants to the English; yea and to the neighbours, yet
-seemed of an honest and simple disposition, with much adoe restrained
-from adoring vs as Gods. Those are the strangest people of all those
-Countries, both in language and attire; for their language it may well
-beseeme their proportions, sounding from them as a voyce in a vault.
-Their attire is the skinnes of Beares, and Woolues, some have Cassacks
-made of Beares heads and skinnes, that a mans head goes through the
-skinnes neck, and the eares of the Beare fastened to his shoulders,
-the nose and teeth hanging downe his breast, another Beares face split
-behind him, and at the end of the Nose hung a Pawe, the halfe sleeues
-comming to the elbowes were the neckes of Beares and the armes through
-the mouth with the pawes hanging at their noses. One had the head of a
-Wolfe hanging in a chaine for a Iewell, his tobacco pipe three-quarters
-of a yard long, prettily carued with a Bird, a Deere or some such
-devise at the great end, sufficient to beat out ones braines; with
-Bowes, Arrowes and Clubs, suitable to their greatnesse. They are scarce
-known to Powhatan. They can make near 600 able men, and are palisadoed
-in their Townes to defend them from the Massawomekes, their mortal
-enemies. Five of their chief Werowances came aboord vs and crossed the
-Bay in their Barge. The picture of the greatest of them is signified in
-the Mappe. The calfe of whose leg was three-quarters of a yard about,
-and all the rest of his limbes so answerable to that proportion, that
-he seemed the goodliest man we ever beheld. His hayre, the one side
-was long, the other shore close with a ridge over his crowue like a
-cocks combe. His arrowes were five-quarters long, headed with the
-splinters of a White christall-like stone, in form of a heart, an inch
-broad, and an inch and a halfe or more long. These he wore in a Woolues
-skinne at his backe for his quiver, his bow in one hand and his club in
-the other, as described.”—_Smith’s Voyages_ (Am. ed.), I, p. 119–20.
-Tattooing referred to by our author, was an ancient Egyptian custom,
-and is still retained by the women. See _Lane’s Modern Egyptians_, etc.
-It was forbidden to the Jews in _Leviticus_, 19: 28.
-
-
-_Note_ 49, _page_ 74.
-
-“_Purchas, his Pilgrimage_, or Relations of the World, and the
-Religions observed in all Ages and Places discovered, from the Creation
-unto this present,” 1 vol., folio, 1613. In spite of Alsop, Purchas is
-still highly esteemed. {123}
-
-
-_Note_ 50, _page_ 75.
-
-As to their treatment of prisoners, see _Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_,
-II, p. 260.
-
-
-_Note_ 51, _page_ 75.
-
-Smith thus locates their town: “The Sasquesahannocks inhabit vpon the
-cheefe spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head, one day’s
-journey higher than our barge could passe for rocks,” vol. I, p. 182.
-Campanius thus describes their town, which he represents as twelve
-miles from New Sweden: “They live on a high mountain, very steep
-and difficult to climb; there they have a fort or square building,
-surrounded with palisades. There they have guns and small iron cannon,
-with which they shoot and defend themselves, and take with them when
-they go to war.”—_Campanius’s Nye Sverige_, p. 181; Du Ponceau’s
-translation, p. 158. A view of a Sasquesahannock town is given in
-_Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld_ (1671), p. 136, based
-evidently on Smith. De Lisle’s Map, dated June, 1718, lays down Canoge,
-Fort des Indiens Andastés ou Susquehanocs at about 40° N.; but I find
-the name nowhere else.
-
-
-_Note_ 52, _page_ 77.
-
-Scalping was practiced by the Scythians. (_Herodotus_, book IV, and in
-the second book of _Macchabees_, VII, 4, 7). Antiochus is said to have
-caused two of the seven Macchabee brothers to be scalped. “The skin
-of the head with the hairs being drawn off.” The torture of prisoners
-as here described originated with the Iroquois, and spread to nearly
-all the North American tribes. It was this that led the Algonquins to
-give the Iroquois tribes the names Magoué, Nadoué or Nottaway, which
-signified cruel. _Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_, II, p. 287.
-
-
-_Note_ 53, _page_ 78.
-
-The remarks here as to religion are vague. The Iroquois and Hurons
-recognized Aireskoi or Agreskoe, as the great deity, styling him also
-Teharonhiawagon. As to the Hurons, see _Sagard, Histoire du Canada_, p.
-485. The sacrifice of a child, as noted by Alsop, was unknown in the
-other tribes of this race, and is not mentioned by Campanius in regard
-to this one. {124}
-
-
-_Note_ 54, _page_ 78.
-
-The priests were the medicine men in all probability; no author
-mentioning any class that can be regarded properly as priests.
-
-
-_Note_ 55, _page_ 78.
-
-The burial rites here described resemble those of the Iroquois
-(_Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_, II, pp. 389, 407) and of the Hurons,
-as described by Sagard (_Histoire du Canada_, p. 702) in the manner of
-placing the dead body in a sitting posture; but there it was wrapped
-in furs, encased in bark and set upon a scaffold till the feast of the
-dead.
-
-
-_Note_ 56, _page_ 79.
-
-Sagard, in his _Huron Dictionary_, gives village, _andata_; he is in
-the fort or village, _andatagon_; which is equivalent to _Connadago_,
-_nd_ and _nn_ being frequently used for each other.
-
-
-_Note_ 57, _page_ 80.
-
-For the condition of the women in a kindred tribe, compare _Sagard,
-Histoire du Canada_, p. 272; _Grand Voyage_, p. 130; _Perrot, Moeurs et
-Coustumes des Sauvages_, p. 30.
-
-
-_Note_ 58, _page_ 80.
-
-Among the Iroquois the husband elect went to the wife’s cabin and sat
-down on the mat opposite the fire. If she accepted him she presented
-him a bowl of hominy and sat down beside him, turning modestly away. He
-then ate some and soon after retired.—_Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_,
-I, p. 566.
-
-
-_Note_ 59, _page_ 81.
-
-Sagard, in his _Histoire du Canada_, p. 185, makes a similar remark as
-to the Hurons, a kindred tribe, men and women acting as here stated,
-and he says that in this they resembled the ancient Egyptians. Compare
-_Hennepin, Moeurs des Sauvages_, p. 54; _Description d’un Pays plus
-grand que l’Europe, Voyages au Nord_, V, p. 341. {125}
-
-
-_Note_ 60, _page_ 96.
-
-This characteristic of the active trading propensities of the early
-settlers will apply to the present race of Americans in a fourfold
-degree.
-
-
-_Note_ 61, _page_ 96.
-
-One who brought goods to Maryland without following such advice as
-Alsop gives, describes in Hudibrastic verse his doleful story in the
-_Sot Weed Factor_, recently reprinted.
-
-
-_Note_ 62, _page_ 96.
-
-For an account of this gentleman, see ante, p. 13.
-
-
-_Note_ 63, _page_ 97.
-
-The rebellion in Maryland, twice alluded to by our author in his
-letters, was a very trifling matter. On the restoration of Charles II,
-Lord Baltimore sent over his brother Philip Calvert as governor, with
-authority to proceed against Governor Fendall, who, false alike to all
-parties, was now scheming to overthrow the proprietary government. The
-new governor was instructed on no account to permit Fendall to escape
-with his life; but Philip Calvert was more clement than Lord Baltimore,
-and though Fendall made a fruitless effort to excite the people to
-opposition, he was, on his voluntary submission, punished by a merely
-short imprisonment. This clemency he repaid by a subsequent attempt to
-excite a rebellion.—_McMahon’s History of Maryland_, pp. 213–14, citing
-Council Proceedings from 1656 to 1668, liber H. H., 74 to 82.
-
-
-THE END.
-
-
-
-
-TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
-Original spelling and grammar have been generally retained, with
-some exceptions noted below. Original small caps (and also one
-phrase in bold type) are now uppercase. Italics look _like this_.
-Enlarged curly brackets, used to combine information from two or
-more lines of text have been discarded. The transcriber produced
-the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain.
-The primary source of page images was archive.org—search for
-“characterofprovi00alsorich”. Secondary sources, also at archive.org,
-were “characterofprovince00also” and “gowansbibliothec00gowaiala”
-
-There were two series of page numbers printed on each page of the
-main text. One series, printed with gaps from 10 to 125, was printed
-at the top of each page in an ornamented header. This series has been
-retained, and is shown in curly brackets like this: {52}. Page one of
-this series, inferred by counting back from ten, is the title page of
-_Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5_, New York, William Gowans, 1869. The
-other series, printed with gaps from 417 to 533, in smaller type at the
-bottom of each page, has been discarded. The book actually transcribed
-herein was a reissue of _Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5_, titled
-_Fund-Publication, No. 15. A Character of the Province of Maryland_,
-The Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, 1880.
-
-
-Page 106. Changed “capaple” to “capable”.
-
-Page 117. Changed “p. II, 397” to “II, p. 397”.
-
-Page 119. Changed “p. 7),” to “p. 7).”. Changed “1647–8. p. 58)” to
-“1647–8, p. 58)”. Also “p. 273. Before” to “p. 273.) Before”.
-
-Page 121. “Waderom,” to “Waderom.”, in the last column of the table.
-
-Page 122. Added left double quotation mark to ‘_Purchas, his
-Pilgrimage_, or Relations’, to match the one after ‘this present,’.
-
-Page 124. Changed “p, 566” to “p. 566”.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-George Alsop
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+Project Gutenberg's A Character of the Province of Maryland, by George Alsop
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll
+have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
+this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: A Character of the Province of Maryland
+       Described in four distinct parts; also a small Treatise
+       on the Wild and Naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of
+       Maryland, their customs, manners, absurdities, and religion;
+       together with a collection of historical letters.
+
+Author: George Alsop
+
+Contributor: John Gilmary Shay
+
+Release Date: August 30, 2018 [EBook #57811]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by ellinora, RichardW, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE OF MARYLAND BY GEORGE ALSOP
+
+
+
+
+ A Character of the Province of MARYLAND.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ By GEORGE ALSOP.
+
+ 1666.
+
+ Baltimore, 1880.
+
+
+
+
+ ALSOP’S MARYLAND.
+
+ 1666.
+
+
+
+
+ REISSUED AS
+
+ Fund-Publication, No. 15.
+
+ A Character of the Province of MARYLAND.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ By GEORGE ALSOP.
+
+ 1666.
+
+ Baltimore, 1880.
+
+
+
+
+ GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA. 5
+
+
+ “Thy fathers went down into Egypt with three score and ten persons,
+ and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for
+ multitude.” . . . _Moses._
+
+ “Two things are to be considered in writing history, truth and
+ elocution, for in truth consisteth the soul, and in elocution the
+ body of history; the latter without the former, is but a picture
+ of history; the former without the latter, unapt to instruct. The
+ principle and proper work of history, being to instruct, and enable
+ men by their knowledge of actions past, to bear themselves prudently
+ in the present, and providently towards the future.” . . . _T. Hobbes._
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ NEW YORK:
+
+ WILLIAM GOWANS.
+
+ 1869.
+
+
+
+
+64 COPIES PRINTED ON LARGE PAPER 4TO.
+
+
+
+
+ A
+
+ CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE
+
+ OF
+
+ MARYLAND.
+
+ DESCRIBED IN FOUR DISTINCT PARTS.
+
+ ALSO
+
+ A SMALL TREATISE ON THE WILD AND NAKED INDIANS (OR
+ SUSQUEHANOKES) OF MARYLAND, THEIR CUSTOMS,
+ MANNERS, ABSURDITIES, AND RELIGION.
+
+ TOGETHER WITH
+
+ A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL LETTERS.
+
+ BY
+
+ GEORGE ALSOP.
+
+ A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPIOUS
+ HISTORICAL NOTES.
+
+
+ BY JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL.D.,
+
+ MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
+
+    _Our western world, with all its matchless floods,_
+    _Our vast transparent lakes and boundless woods,_
+    _Stamped with the traits of majesty sublime,_
+    _Unhonored weep the silent lapse of time,_
+    _Spread their wild grandeur to the unconscious sky,_
+    _In sweetest seasons pass unheeded by;_
+    _While scarce one muse returns the songs they gave,_
+    _Or seeks to snatch their glories from the grave._
+                          ALEXANDER WILSON, The Ornithologist.
+
+_The greater part of the magnificent countries east of the Alleghanies
+is in a high state of cultivation and commercial prosperity, with
+natural advantages not surpassed in any country. Nature, however, still
+maintains her sway in some parts, especially where pine-barrens and
+swamps prevail. The territory of the United States covers an area of
+2,963,666 square miles, about one-half of which is capable of producing
+everything that is useful to man, but not more than a twenty-sixth
+part of it has been cleared. The climate is generally healthy, the
+soil fertile, abounding in mineral treasures, and it possesses every
+advantage from navigable rivers and excellent harbors_ . . . MRS.
+SOMERVILLE.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ NEW YORK: WILLIAM GOWANS.
+
+ 1869.
+
+
+
+
+ 5
+
+
+ Not entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by
+ W. GOWANS,
+
+ In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
+ the Southern District of New York.
+
+
+ J. MUNSELL, PRINTER,
+ ALBANY.
+
+
+
+
+ DEDICATED
+
+ TO
+
+ THE MEMORY
+
+ OF
+
+ LORD BALTIMORE.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT.
+
+
+The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publishing
+a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biography,
+antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To be entitled
+
+GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.
+
+The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of reprints
+from old and scarce works, difficult to be produced in this country,
+and often also of very rare occurrence in Europe; occasionally an
+original work will be introduced into the series, designed to throw
+light upon some obscure point of American history, or to elucidate
+the biography of some of the distinguished men of our land. Faithful
+reprints of every work published will be given to the public; nothing
+will be added, except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will
+be presented entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will
+be brought out in the best style, both as to type, press work and
+paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy a place in any
+gentleman’s library.
+
+A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener, if the
+public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work, either an
+original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and at the same
+time scarce tract. From eight or twelve parts will form a handsome
+octavo volume, which the publisher is well assured, will be esteemed
+entitled to a high rank in every collection of American history and
+literature.
+
+Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collection may in
+the course of no long period of time become not less voluminous, and
+quite as valuable to the student in American history, as the celebrated
+Harleian Miscellany is now to the student and lover of British
+historical antiquities.
+
+ W. GOWANS, _Publisher_.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+George Alsop, the author of this curious tract, was born according
+to the inscription on his portrait, in 1638. He served a two years’
+apprenticeship to some trade in London, but seems to have been wild
+enough. His portrait and his language alike bespeak the rollicking
+roysterer of the days of the restoration, thoroughly familiar with
+all the less reputable haunts of London. He expresses a hearty
+contempt for Cromwell and his party, and it may be that the fate which
+confined him to a four years’ servitude in Maryland was an order of
+transportation issued in the name of the commonwealth of England. He
+speaks disdainfully of the “mighty low and distracted life” of such as
+could not pay their passage, then, according to _Leah and Rachel_ (p.
+14), generally six pounds, as though want of money was not in his case
+the cause of his emigrating from England. He gives the letters he wrote
+to his family and friends on starting, but omits the date, although
+from allusions to the death of Cromwell in a letter dated at Gravesend,
+September 7th, he evidently sailed in 1658, the protector having died
+on the 3d of September in that year.
+
+In Maryland he fell to the lot of Thomas Stockett, Esq., one of three
+brothers who came to Maryland in 1658, {10} perhaps at the same time
+as Alsop, and settled originally it would seem in Baltimore county. It
+was on this estate that Alsop spent the four years which enabled him to
+write the following tract. He speaks highly of his treatment and the
+abundance that reigned in the Stockett mansion.
+
+Alsop’s book appeared in 1666. One of the laudatory verses that preface
+it is dated January, 1665 (5/6), and as it would appear that he did
+not remain in Maryland after the expiration of his four years, except
+perhaps for a short time in consequence of a fit of sickness to which
+he alludes, he probably returned to London to resume his old career.
+
+Of his subsequent life nothing is known, and though Allison ascribes to
+him a volume of Sermons, we may safely express our grave doubts whether
+the author of this tract can be suspected of anything of the kind.
+
+The book, written in a most extravagant style, contains no facts as to
+the stirring events in Maryland history which preceded its date, and
+in view, doubtless, of the still exasperated state of public feeling,
+seems to have studiously avoided all allusion to so unattractive a
+subject. As an historical tract it derives its chief value from the
+portion which comprises its _Relation of the Susquehanna Indians_.
+
+The object for which the tract was issued seems evident. It was
+designed to stimulate emigration to Maryland, and is written in
+a vulgar style to suit the class it was to reach. While from its
+dedication to Lord Baltimore, and the merchant adventurers, we may
+infer that it was paid for by them, in order to encourage emigration,
+especially of redemptioners. {11}
+
+Much of the early emigration to America was effected by what was called
+the redemption system. Under this, one disposed to emigrate, but unable
+to raise the £6, entered into a contract in the following form, with a
+merchant adventurer, ship owner or ship master, and occasionally with
+a gentleman emigrant of means, under which the latter gave him his
+passage and supplies:
+
+ THE FORME OF BINDING A SERVANT.
+
+ [From _A Relation of Maryland_, &c., 1635.]
+
+ This indenture made the ...... day of .............. in the .........
+ yeere of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles &c betweene ..............
+ of the one party, and .............. on the other party, Witnesseth
+ that the said .............. doth hereby covenant, promise and grant
+ to and with the said .............. his Executors and Assignes, to
+ serve him from the day of the date hereof, vntill his first and next
+ arrivall in Maryland, and after for and during the tearme of ......
+ yeeres, in such service and employment as the said ..............
+ or his assignes shall there employ him, according to the custome
+ of the countrey in the like kind. In consideration whereof, the
+ said .............. doth promise and grant, to and with the said
+ .............. to pay for his passing and to find him with Meat,
+ Drinke, Apparell and Lodging, with other necessaries during the said
+ terme; and at the end of the said terme, to give him one Whole yeeres
+ provision of Corne and fifty acres of Land, according to the order
+ of the countrey. In witnesse whereof, the said .............. hath
+ hereunto put his hand and seale the day and yeere above written.
+
+ Sealed and delivered
+   in the presence of
+
+The term of service, at first limited to five years (_Relation of
+Maryland_, 1635, p. 63), was subsequently reduced to four (Act of 1638,
+&c.), and so remained into the next {12} century (Act of April, 1715).
+Thus a woman in the _Sot Weed Factor_, after speaking of her life in
+England, says:
+
+    Not then a slave for twice two year,
+    My cloaths were fashionably new,
+    Nor were my shifts of linnen Blue;
+    But things are changed; now at the Hoe,
+    I daily work and Barefoot go,
+    In weeding Corn or feeding Swine,
+    I spend my melancholy Time.
+
+Disputes arose as to the time when the term began, and it was finally
+fixed at the anchoring of the vessel in the province, but not more than
+fourteen days were to be allowed for anchoring after they passed the
+Capes (Act of 1715). When these agreements were made with the merchant
+adventurer, ship owner or ship captain, the servants were sold at
+auctions, which were conducted on the principle of our tax sales, the
+condition being the payment of the advances, and the bidding being for
+the term of service, descending from the legal limit according to his
+supposed value as a mechanic or hand, the best man being taken for
+the shortest term. Where the emigrants made their agreement with the
+gentleman emigrant, they proceeded at once to the land he took up, and
+in the name of the servant the planter took up at least one hundred
+acres of land, fifty of which, under the agreement, he conveyed to the
+servant at the expiration of his term of service.
+
+Alsop seems to have made an agreement, perhaps on the voyage, with
+Thomas Stockett, Esq., as his first letter from America mentions his
+being in the service of that gentleman. His last letter is dated at
+Gravesend, the 7th of September, and his first in Maryland January 17
+(1659), making a voyage of four months, which he loosely calls five,
+and describes as “a blowing and dangerous passage.” {13}
+
+Through the kindness of George Lynn Lachlin Davis, Esq., I have been
+enabled to obtain from J. Shaaf Stockett, Esq., a descendant of Captain
+Stockett, some details as to his ancestor, the master of our author,
+during his four years’ servitude, which was not very grievous to
+him, for he says, “had I known my yoak would have been so easie (as
+I conceive it will) I would have been here long before now, rather
+than to have dwelt under the pressure of a Rebellious and Trayterous
+government so long as I did.”
+
+A manuscript statement made some years later by one Joseph Tilly,
+states: “About or in y^e year of o^r Lord 1667 or 8 I became acquainted
+w^{th} 4 Gent^n y^t were brethren & then dwellers here in Maryland the
+elder of them went by y^e name of Coll^o Lewis Stockett & y^e second
+by y^e name of Capt^n Thomas Stockett, y^e third was Doct^r Francis
+Stockett & y^e Fourth Brother was M^r Henry Stockett. These men were
+but y^n newly seated or seating in Anne Arunndell County & they had
+much business w^h the Lord Baltimore then pp^{etor} of y^e Provinces,
+my house standing convenient they were often entertained there: they
+told mee y^t they were Kentish men or Men of Kent & y^t for that they
+had been concerned for King Charles y^e first, were out of favour
+w^{th} y^e following Governm^t they Mortgaged a Good an estate to
+follow King Charles the second in his exile & at their Return they
+had not money to redeem their mortgage, w^{ch} was y^e cause of their
+coming hither.      JOSEPH TILLY.”
+
+Of the brothers, who are said to have arrived in the spring or summer
+of 1658, only Captain Thomas Stockett remained in Maryland, the others
+having, according to family tradition, returned to England. As stated
+in the {14} document just given, they settled in Anne Arundell county,
+and on the 19th of July, 1669, “Obligation,” a tract of 664 acres of
+land was patented to Captain Thomas Stockett, and a part still after
+the lapse of nearly two centuries remains in the family, being owned by
+Frank H. Stockett, Esq., of the Annapolis bar.
+
+By his wife Mary (_Wells_ it is supposed), Captain Thomas Stockett had
+one son, Thomas, born April 17, 1667, from whose marriage with Mary,
+daughter of Thomas Sprigg, of West River, gentleman (March 12, 1689),
+and subsequent marriage with Damarris Welch, the Stocketts of Maryland,
+Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey are descended.
+
+The arms of this branch, as given in the family archives, are “Or a
+Lyon rampant sable armed and Langued Gules a cheife of y^e second a
+castle Tripple towred argent betwixt two Beausants—to y^e crest upon a
+helm on a wreath of y^e colours, a Lyon Proper segeant supporte on a
+stock ragged and trunked argent Borne by the name of Stockett with a
+mantle Gules doubled Argent.” These agree with the arms given by Burke
+as the arms of the Stocketts of St. Stephens, county of Kent.
+
+Thomas Stockett’s will, dated April 23, 1671, was proved on the 4th of
+May in the same year, so that his death must have occurred within the
+ten intervening days. He left his estate to his wife for life, then his
+lands to his son Thomas, and his posthumous child if a son, and his
+personal estate to be divided among his daughters. His executors were
+his brothers Francis and Henry and his brother (in-law) Richard Wells.
+His dispositions of property are brief, much of the will consisting of
+pious expressions and wishes. {15}
+
+To return to the early Maryland emigration, at the time there was
+evident need for some popular tract to remove a prejudice that had been
+created against that colony, especially in regard to the redemptioners.
+The condition of those held for service in Maryland had been
+represented as pitiable indeed, the labor intolerable, the usage bad,
+the diet hard, and that no beds were allowed but the bare boards. Such
+calumnies had already been refuted in 1656 by Hammond, in his _Leah
+and Rachel_. Yet it would seem that ten years later the proprietor of
+Maryland found it necessary to give Alsop’s flattering picture as a new
+antidote.
+
+The original tract is reproduced so nearly in fac simile here that
+little need be said about it. The original is a very small volume, the
+printed matter on the page being only 2 1/8 inches by 4 7/8. (See note
+No. 1).
+
+At the end are two pages of advertisements headed “These Books, with
+others, are Printed for Peter Dring, and are to be sold at his Shop, at
+the Sun in the Poultrey, next door to the Rose Tavern.”
+
+Among the books are Eliana, Holesworth’s Valley of Vision, Robotham’s
+Exposition of Solomon’s Song, N. Byfields’ Marrow of the Oracle of
+God, Pheteplace’s Scrutinia Sacra, Featly Tears in Time of Pestilence,
+Templum Musicum by Joannes Henricus Alstedius, two cook books, a jest
+book, Troads Englished, and ends with A Comment upon the Two Tales of
+our Renowned Poet Sir Jeffray Chaucer, Knight.
+
+At the end of this is the following by way of erratum: “Courteous
+Reader. In the first Epistle Dedicatory, for Felton read Feltham.”
+
+ [Illustration:
+
+    _View here the Shadow whoſe Ingenious Hand_
+    _Hath drawne exact the Province   Mary Land_
+    _Diſplay’d her Glory in ſuch Scænes of Witt_
+    _That thoſe that read must fall in Love with it_
+    _For which his Labour hee deſerves the praiſe_
+    _As well as Poets doe the wreath of Bays      ._
+
+           _Anno Dõ: 1666. Ætatis Suæ 28._    _H.W._
+
+ _AM PHOTO-LITHOGR. OC (OSBORNES PROCESS.)_]
+
+
+
+
+ A
+
+ CHARACTER
+
+ Of the PROVINCE of
+
+ MARY-LAND,
+
+ Wherein is Deſcribed in four diſtinct
+ Parts, (_Viz._)
+
+ I. _The Scituation, and plenty of the Province._
+
+ II. _The Laws, Cuſtoms, and natural Demeanor
+ of the Inhabitant._
+
+ III. _The worſt and beſt Vſage of a Mary-Land
+ Servant, opened in view._
+
+ IV. _The Traffique, and Vendable Commodities
+ of the Countrey._
+
+ ALSO
+
+ A SMALL _Treatiſe_ on the Wilde and
+ Naked INDIANS (or _Suſquehanokes_)
+ of _Mary-Land_, their Cuſtoms, Manners,
+ Abſurdities, & Religion.
+
+ Together with a Collection of Hiſtorical
+ LETTERS.
+
+ By GEORGE ALSOP.
+
+ _London_, Printed by _T. J._ for _Peter Dring_,
+ at the ſign of the Sun in the _Poultrey_; 1666.
+
+
+
+
+ TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE
+
+ CÆCILIUS LORD BALTEMORE, (see note No. 2)
+
+ Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces of _Mary-Land_ and
+ _Avalon_ (see note No. 3) in _America_.
+
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I have adventured on your Lordships acceptance by guess; if presumption
+has led me into an Error that deserves correction, I heartily beg
+Indempnity, and resolve to repent soundly for it, and do so no
+more. What I present I know to be true, Experientia docet; It being
+an infallible Maxim, _That there is no Globe like the occular and
+experimental view of a Countrey_. And had not Fate by a necessary
+imployment, consin’d me within the narrow walks of a four years
+Servitude, and by degrees led me through the most intricate and dubious
+paths of this Countrey, by a commanding and undeniable Enjoyment, I
+could not, nor should I ever have undertaken to have written a line of
+this nature.
+
+
+
+
+THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.
+
+
+If I have wrote or composed any thing that’s wilde and confused, it is
+because I am so my self, and the world, as far as I can perceive, is
+not much out of the same trim; therefore I resolve, if I am brought to
+the Bar of _Common Law_ for any thing I have done here, to plead _Non
+compos mentis_, to save my Bacon.
+
+There is an old Saying in English, _He must rise betimes that would
+please every one_. And I am afraid I have lain so long a bed, that
+I think I shall please no body; if it must be so, I cannot help it.
+But as _Feltham_ (see note No. 4) in his _Resolves_ says, _In things
+that must be, ’tis good to be resolute_; And therefore what Destiny
+has ordained, I am resolved to wink, and stand to it. So leaving your
+Honour to more serious meditations, I subscribe my self,
+
+ My Lord
+ Your Lordship most
+ Humble Servant,
+ GEORGE ALSOP.
+
+
+
+
+ To all the Merchant Adventurers for MARY-LAND,
+ together with those Commanders of Ships
+ that saile into that Province.
+
+
+ SIRS,
+
+ _You are both Adventurers, the one of Estate, the other of Life: I
+ could tell you I am an Adventurer too, if I durst presume to come into
+ your Company. I have ventured to come abroad in Print, and if I should
+ be laughed at for my good meaning, it would so break the credit of
+ my understanding, that I should never dare to shew my face upon the
+ Exchange of (conceited) Wits again._
+
+ _This dish of Discourse was intended for you at first, but it was
+ manners to let my Lord have the first cut, the Pye being his own. I
+ beseech you accept of the matter as ’tis drest, only to stay your
+ stomachs, and I’le promise you the next shall be better done, ’Tis
+ all as I can serve you in at present, and it may be questionable
+ whether I have served you in this or no. Here I present you with_ A
+ Character of Mary-Land_, it may be you will say ’tis weakly done, if
+ you do I cannot help it, ’tis as well as I could do it, considering
+ several Obstacles that like blocks were thrown in my way to hinder my
+ proceeding: The major part thereof was written in the intermitting
+ time of my sickness, therefore I hope the afflicting weakness of {24}
+ my Microcosm may plead a just excuse for some imperfections of my
+ pen. I protest what I have writ is from an experimental knowledge of
+ the Country, and not from any imaginary supposition. If I am blamed
+ for what I have done too much, it is the first, and I will irrevocably
+ promise it shall be the last. There’s a Maxim upon Tryals at Assizes,
+ That if a thief be taken upon the first fault, if it be not to
+ hainous, they only burn him in the hand and let him go_ (see note No.
+ 5): _So I desire you to do by me, if you find any thing that bears a
+ criminal absurdity in it, only burn me for my first fact and let me
+ go. But I am afraid I have kept you too long in the Entry, I shall
+ desire you therefore to come in and sit down._
+
+ G. ALSOP.
+
+
+
+
+THE PREFACE TO THE READER.
+
+
+The Reason why I appear in this place is, lest the general Reader
+should conclude I have nothing to say for my self; and truly he’s in
+the right on’t, for I have but little to say (for my self) at this
+time: For I have had so large a Journey, and so heavy a Burden to
+bring _Mary-Land_ into _England_, that I am almost out of breath: I’le
+promise you after I am come to my self, you shall hear more of me. Good
+Reader, because you see me make a brief Apologetical excuse for my
+self, don’t judge me; for I am so self-conceited of my own merits, that
+I almost think I want none. _De Lege non judicandum ex solâ linea_,
+saith the Civilian; We must not pass judgement upon a Law by one line:
+And because we see but a small Bush at a Tavern door, conclude there is
+no Canary (see note No. 6). For as in our vulgar Resolves ’tis said, _A
+good face needs no Band, and an ill one deserves none_: So the French
+Proverb sayes, Bon Vien il n’a faut point de Ensigne, Good Wine needs
+no Bush. I suppose by this time some of my speculative observers {26}
+have judged me vainglorious; but if they did but rightly consider me,
+they would not be so censorious. For I dwell so far from Neighbors,
+that if I do not praise my self, no body else will: And since I am left
+alone, I am resolved to summon the _Magna Charta_ of Fowles to the Bar
+for my excuse, and by their irrevocable Statutes plead my discharge.
+_For its an ill Bird will befoule her own Nest_: Besides, I have a
+thousand _Billings-gate_ (see note No. 7) Collegians that will give in
+their testimony, _That they never knew a Fish-woman cry stinking Fish_.
+Thus leaving the Nostrils of the Citizens Wives to demonstrate what
+they please as to that, and thee (Good Reader) to say what thou wilt, I
+bid thee Farewel.
+
+ GEO. ALSOP.
+
+
+
+
+ THE
+ AUTHOR
+ TO HIS
+ BOOK.
+
+
+    When first _Apollo_ got my brain with Childe,
+    He made large promise never to beguile,
+    But like an honest Father, he would keep
+    Whatever Issue from my Brain did creep:
+    With that I gave consent, and up he threw
+    Me on a Bench, and strangely he did do;
+    Then every week he daily came to see
+    How his new Physick still did work with me.
+    And when he did perceive he’d don the feat,
+    Like an unworthy man he made retreat,
+    Left me in desolation, and where none
+    Compassionated when they heard me groan.
+    What could he judge the Parish then would think,
+    To see me fair, his Brat as black as Ink?
+    If they had eyes, they’d swear I were no Nun,
+    But got with Child by some black _Africk_ Son,
+    And so condemn me for my Fornication,
+    To beat them Hemp to stifle half the Nation.
+    Well, since ’tis so, I’le alter this base Fate,
+    And lay his Bastard at some Noble’s Gate;
+    Withdraw my self from Beadles, and from such,
+    Who would give twelve pence I were
+    in their clutch: {28}
+    Then, who can tell? this Child which I do hide,
+    May be in time a Small-beer Col’nel _Pride_ (see note No 8).
+    But while I talk, my business it is dumb,
+    I must lay double-clothes unto thy Bum,
+    Then lap thee warm, and to the world commit
+    The Bastard Off-spring of a New-born wit.
+    Farewel, poor Brat, thou in a monstrous World,
+    In swadling bands, thus up and down art hurl’d;
+    There to receive what Destiny doth contrive,
+    Either to perish, or be sav’d alive.
+    Good Fate protect thee from a Criticks power,
+    For If he comes, thou’rt gone in half an hour,
+    Stiff’d and blasted, ’tis their usual way,
+    To make that Night, which is as bright as Day.
+    For if they once but wring, and skrew their mouth,
+    Cock up their Hats, and set the point Du-South,
+    Armes all a kimbo, and with belly strut,
+    As if they had _Parnassus_ in their gut:
+    These are the Symtomes of the murthering fall
+    Of my poor Infant, and his burial.
+    Say he should miss thee, and some ign’rant Asse
+    Should find thee out, as he along doth pass,
+    It were all one, he’d look into thy Tayle,
+    To see if thou wert Feminine or Male;
+    When he’d half starv’d thee, for to satisfie
+    His peeping Ign’rance, he’d then let thee lie;
+    And vow by’s wit he ne’re could understand,
+    The Heathen dresses of another Land:
+    Well, ’tis no matter, wherever such as he
+    Knows one grain, more than his simplicity.
+    Now, how the pulses of my senses beat,
+    To think the rigid Fortune
+    thou wilt meet; {29}
+    Asses and captious Fools, not six in ten
+    Of thy Spectators will be real men,
+    To Umpire up the badness of the cause,
+    And screen my weakness from the rav’nous Laws,
+    Of those that will undoubted sit to see
+    How they might blast this new-born Infancy:
+    If they should burn him, they’d conclude hereafter,
+    ’Twere too good death for him to dye a Martyr;
+    And if they let him live, they think it will
+    Be but a means for to encourage ill,
+    And bring in time some strange _Antipod’ans_,
+    A thousand Leagues beyond _Philippians_,
+    To storm our Wits; therefore he must not rest,
+    But shall be hang’d, for all he has been prest:
+    Thus they conclude.—My Genius comforts give,
+    In Resurrection he will surely live.
+
+
+
+
+To my Friend Mr. GEORGE ALSOP, on his Character of MARY-LAND.
+
+
+    _Who such odd nookes of Earths great mass describe,_
+    _Prove their descent from old_ Columbus _tribe:_
+    _Some Boding augur did his Name devise,_
+    _Thy Genius too cast in th’ same mould and size;_
+    _His Name predicted he would be a Rover,_
+    _And hidden places of this Orb discover;_
+    _He made relation of that World in gross,_
+    _Thou the particulars retail’st to us:_
+    _By this first Peny of thy fancy we_
+    _Discover what thy greater Coines will be;_
+    _This Embryo thus well polisht doth presage,_
+    _The manly Atchievements of its future age._
+    _Auspicious winds blow gently on this spark,_
+    _Untill its flames discover what’s yet dark;_
+    _Mean while this short Abridgement we embrace,_
+    _Expecting that thy busy soul will trace_
+    _Some Mines at last which may enrich the World,_
+    _And all that poverty may be in oblivion hurl’d._
+    _Zoilus is dumb, for thou the mark hast hit,_
+    _By interlacing History with Wit:_
+    _Thou hast described its superficial Treasure,_
+    _Anatomiz’d its bowels at thy leasure;_
+    _That_ MARY-LAND _to thee may duty owe,_
+    _Who to the World dost all her Glory shew;_
+    _Then thou shalt make the Prophesie fall true,_
+    _Who fill’st the World (like th’ Sea) with knowledge new._
+
+    WILLIAM BOGHERST. (See note No. 9.)
+
+
+
+
+To my Friend Mr. GEORGE ALSOP, on his Character of MARY-LAND.
+
+
+    _This plain, yet pithy and concise Description_
+    _Of_ Mary-Lands _plentious and sedate condition,_
+    _With other things herein by you set forth,_
+    _To shew its Rareness, and declare its Worth;_
+    _Compos’d in such a time, when most men were_
+    _Smitten with Sickness, or surpriz’d with Fear,_
+    _Argues a Genius good, and Courage stout,_
+    _In bringing this Design so well about:_
+    _Such generous Freedom waited on thy brain,_
+    _The Work was done in midst of greatest pain;_
+    _And matters flow’d so swiftly from thy source,_
+    _Nature design’d thee (sure) for such Discourse._
+    _Go on then with thy Work so well begun,_
+    _Let it come forth, and boldly see the Sun;_
+    _Then shall’t be known to all, that from thy Youth_
+    _Thou heldst it Noble to maintain the Truth,_
+    _’Gainst all the Rabble-rout, that yelping stand,_
+    _To cast aspersions on thy_ MARY-LAND:
+    _But this thy Work shall vindicate its Fame,_
+    _And as a Trophy memorize thy Name,_
+    _So if without a Tomb thou buried be,_
+    _This Book’s a lasting Monument for thee._
+
+    H. W., Master of Arts. (See note No. 10).
+
+From my Study, _Jan._ 10, 1665.
+
+
+
+
+ [Illustration:
+
+ A Land-skip of the
+ Province of
+ MARY LAND
+ Or the
+ Lord Baltimors
+ Plantation neere
+ Virginia
+ By Geo: Alsop Gent.
+
+ Am. Photo-Lithographic Co. N.Y. Osborne’s Process]
+
+
+
+
+
+ A
+
+ CHARACTER
+
+ OF THE PROVINCE OF
+
+ MARY-LAND.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. I.
+
+_Of the situation and plenty of the Province of_ Mary-Land.
+
+
+Mary-land is a Province situated upon the large extending bowels of
+_America_, under the Government of the Lord _Baltemore_, adjacent
+Northwardly upon the Confines of _New-England_, and neighbouring
+Southwardly upon _Virginia_, dwelling pleasantly upon the Bay of
+_Chæsapike_ (see note No. 11), between the Degrees of 36 and 38, in
+the Zone temperate, and by Mathematical computation is eleven hundred
+and odd Leagues in Longitude from _England_, being within her own
+imbraces extraordinary pleasant and fertile. Pleasant, in respect of
+the multitude of Navigable Rivers and Creeks that conveniently and
+most profitably lodge within the armes of her green, spreading, and
+delightful Woods; whose natural womb (by her plenty) maintains and
+preserves the several diversities of Animals that rangingly inhabit
+her Woods; as she doth otherwise generously fructifie {36} this
+piece of Earth with almost all sorts of Vegetables, as well Flowers
+with their varieties of colours and smells, as Herbes and Roots with
+their several effects and operative virtues, that offer their benefits
+daily to supply the want of the Inhabitant whene’re their necessities
+shall _Sub-pœna_ them to wait on their commands. So that he, who out
+of curiosity desires to see the Landskip of the Creation drawn to
+the life, or to read Natures universal Herbal without book, may with
+the Opticks of a discreet discerning, view _Mary-Land_ drest in her
+green and fragrant Mantle of the Spring. Neither do I think there is
+any place under the Heavenly altitude, or that has footing or room
+upon the circular Globe of this world, that can parallel this fertile
+and pleasant piece of ground in its multiplicity, or rather Natures
+extravagancy of a superabounding plenty. For so much doth this Country
+increase in a swelling Spring-tide of rich variety and diversities
+of all things, not only common provisions that supply the reaching
+stomach of man with a satisfactory plenty, but also extends with its
+liberality and free convenient benefits to each sensitive faculty,
+according to their several desiring Appetites. So that had Nature made
+it her business, on purpose to have found out a situation for the Soul
+of profitable Ingenuity, she could not have fitted herself better in
+the traverse of the whole Universe, nor in convenienter terms have told
+man, _Dwell here, live plentifully and be rich_. {37}
+
+The Trees, Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and Roots that grow here in
+_Mary-Land_, are the only Emblems or Hieroglyphicks of our Adamitical
+or Primitive situation, as well for their variety as odoriferous
+smells, together with their vertues, according to their several
+effects, kinds and properties, which still bear the Effigies of
+Innocency according to their original Grafts; which by their dumb
+vegetable Oratory, each hour speaks to the Inhabitant in silent acts,
+That they need not look for any other Terrestrial Paradice, to suspend
+or tyre their curiosity upon, while she is extant. For within her doth
+dwell so much of variety, so much of natural plenty, that there is not
+any thing that is or may be rare, but it inhabits within this plentious
+soyle: So that those parts of the Creation that have borne the Bell
+away (for many ages) for a vegetable plentiousness, must now in silence
+strike and vayle all, and whisper softly in the auditual parts of
+_Mary-Land_, that _None but she in this dwells singular_; and that as
+well for that she doth exceed in those Fruits, Plants, Trees and Roots,
+that dwell and grow in their several Clymes or habitable parts of the
+Earth besides, as the rareness and super-excellency of her own glory,
+which she flourishly abounds in, by the abundancy of reserved Rarities,
+such as the remainder of the World (with all its speculative art) never
+bore any occular testimony of as yet. I shall forbear to particularize
+those several sorts of vegetables that flourishingly grows here,
+by {38} reason of the vast tediousness that will attend upon the
+description, which therefore makes them much more fit for an Herbal,
+than a small Manuscript or History. (See note No. 12).
+
+As for the wilde Animals of this Country, which loosely inhabits the
+Woods in multitudes, it is impossible to give you an exact description
+of them all, considering the multiplicity as well as the diversity
+of so numerous an extent of Creatures: But such as has fallen within
+the compass or prospect of my knowledge, those you shall know of;
+_videlicet_, the Deer, because they are oftner seen, and more
+participated of by the Inhabitants of the Land, whose acquaintance by a
+customary familiarity becomes much more common than the rest of Beasts
+that inhabit the Woods by using themselves in Herds about the Christian
+Plantations. Their flesh, which in some places of this Province is the
+common provision the Inhabitants feed on, and which through the extreme
+glut and plenty of it, being daily killed by the _Indians_, and brought
+in to the _English_, as well as that which is killed by the Christian
+Inhabitant, that doth it more for recreation, than for the benefit they
+reap by it. I say, the flesh of Venison becomes (as to food) rather
+denyed, than any way esteemed or desired. And this I speak from an
+experimental knowledge; For when I was under a Command, and debarr’d
+of a four years ranging Liberty in the Province of _Mary-Land_, the
+Gentleman whom I served my conditional and {39} prefixed time withall,
+had at one time in his house fourscore Venisons, besides plenty of
+other provisions to serve his Family nine months, they being but seven
+in number; so that before this Venison was brought to a period by
+eating, it so nauseated our appetites and stomachs, that plain bread
+was rather courted and desired than it.
+
+The Deer (see note No. 13) here neither in shape nor action differ
+from our Deer in _England_: the Park they traverse their ranging and
+unmeasured walks in, is bounded and impanell’d in with no other pales
+than the rough and billowed Ocean: They are also mighty numerous in the
+Woods, and are little or not at all affrighted at the face of a man,
+but (like the Does of _Whetstons_ Park) (see note No. 14) though their
+hydes are not altogether so gaudy to extract an admiration from the
+beholder, yet they will stand (all most) till they be scratcht.
+
+As for the Wolves, Bears, and Panthers (see note No. 15) of this
+Country, they inhabit commonly in great multitudes up in the remotest
+parts of the Continent; yet at some certain time they come down near
+the Plantations, but do little hurt or injury worth noting, and that
+which they do is of so degenerate and low a nature, (as in reference
+to the fierceness and heroick vigour that dwell in the same kind of
+Beasts in other Countries), that they are hardly worth mentioning: For
+the highest of their designs and circumventing reaches is but cowardly
+and base, only {40} to steal a poor Pigg, or kill a lost and half
+starved Calf. The Effigies of a man terrifies them dreadfully, for they
+no sooner espy him but their hearts are at their mouths, and the spurs
+upon their heels, they (having no more manners than Beasts) gallop
+away, and never bid them farewell that are behind them.
+
+The Elke, the Cat of the Mountain, the Rackoon, the Fox, the Beaver,
+the Otter, the Possum, the Hare, the Squirril, the Monack, the Musk-Rat
+(see note No. 16), and several others (whom I’le omit for brevity sake)
+inhabit here in _Mary-Land_ in several droves and troops, ranging the
+Woods at their pleasure.
+
+The meat of most of these Creatures is good for eating, yet of no value
+nor esteem here, by reason of the great plenty of other provisions, and
+are only kill’d by the _Indians_ of the Country for their Hydes and
+Furrs, which become very profitable to those that have the right way of
+traffiquing for them, as well as it redounds to the _Indians_ that take
+the pains to catch them, and to slay and dress their several Hydes,
+selling and disposing them for such commodities as their Heathenish
+fancy delights in.
+
+As for those Beasts that were carried over at the first seating of the
+Country, to stock and increase the situation, as Cows, Horses, Sheep
+and Hogs (see note No. 17), they are generally tame, and use near
+home, especially the Cows, Sheep and Horses. The Hogs, whose increase
+is innumerable in the Woods, do {41} disfrequent home more than the
+rest of Creatures that are look’d upon as tame, yet with little trouble
+and pains they are slain and made provision of. Now they that will
+with a right Historical Survey, view the Woods of _Mary-Land_ in this
+particular, as in reference to Swine, must upon necessity judge this
+Land lineally descended from the _Gadarean_ Territories. (See note No.
+18.)
+
+_Mary-Land_ (I must confess) cannot boast of her plenty of Sheep here,
+as other Countries; not but that they will thrive and increase here,
+as well as in any place of the World besides, but few desire them,
+because they commonly draw down the Wolves among the Plantations, as
+well by the sweetness of their flesh, as by the humility of their
+nature, in not making a defensive resistance against the rough dealing
+of a ravenous Enemy. They who for curiosity will keep Sheep, may expect
+that after the Wolves have breathed themselves all day in the Woods to
+sharpen their stomachs, they will come without fail and sup with them
+at night, though many times they surfeit themselves with the sawce
+that’s dish’d out of the muzzle of a Gun, and so in the midst of their
+banquet (poor Animals) they often sleep with their Ancestors.
+
+Fowls of all sorts and varieties dwell at their several times and
+seasons here in _Mary-Land_. The Turkey, the Woodcock, the Pheasant,
+the Partrich, the Pigeon, and others, especially the Turkey, whom
+I have seen {42} in whole hundreds in flights in the Woods of
+_Mary-Land_, being an extraordinary fat Fowl, whose flesh is very
+pleasant and sweet. These Fowls that I have named are intayled from
+generation to generation to the Woods. The Swans, the Geese and Ducks
+(with other Water-Fowl) derogate in this point of setled residence; for
+they arrive in millionous multitudes in _Mary-Land_ about the middle of
+_September_, and take their winged farewell about the midst of _March_
+(see note No. 19): But while they do remain, and beleagure the borders
+of the shoar with their winged Dragoons, several of them are summoned
+by a Writ of _Fieri facias_, to answer their presumptuous contempt upon
+a Spit.
+
+As for Fish, which dwell in the watry tenements of the deep, and by
+a providential greatness of power, is kept for the relief of several
+Countries in the world (which would else sink under the rigid enemy of
+want), here in _Mary-Land_ is a large sufficiency, and plenty of almost
+all sorts of Fishes, which live and inhabit within her several Rivers
+and Creeks, far beyond the apprehending or crediting of those that
+never saw the same, which with very much ease is catched, to the great
+refreshment of the Inhabitants of the Province.
+
+All sorts of Grain, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oates, Pease, besides
+several others that have their original and birth from the fertile womb
+of this Land (and no where else), they all grow, increase, and thrive
+here {43} in _Mary-Land_, without the chargable and laborious manuring
+of the Land with Dung; increasing in such a measure and plenty, by
+the natural richness of the Earth, with the common, beneficial and
+convenient showers of rain that usually wait upon the several Fields
+of Grain (by a natural instinct), so that Famine (the dreadful Ghost
+of penury and want) is never known with his pale visage to haunt the
+Dominions of _Mary-Land_. (See note No. 20).
+
+    _Could’st thou (O Earth) live thus obscure, and now_
+    _Within an Age, shew forth thy plentious brow_
+    _Of rich variety, gilded with fruitful Fame,_
+    _That (Trumpet-like) doth Heraldize thy Name,_
+    _And tells the World there is a Land now found,_
+    _That all Earth’s Globe can’t parallel its Ground?_
+    _Dwell, and be prosperous, and with thy plenty feed_
+    _The craving Carkesses of those Souls that need._
+
+{44}
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+_Of the Government and Natural Disposition of the People._
+
+
+Mary-Land, not from the remoteness of her situation, but from the
+regularity of her well ordered Government, may (without sin, I think)
+be called _Singular_: And though she is not supported with such large
+Revenues as some of her Neighbours are, yet such is her wisdom in a
+reserved silence, and not in pomp, to shew her well-conditioned Estate,
+in relieving at a distance the proud poverty of those that wont be
+seen they want, as well as those which by undeniable necessities are
+drove upon the Rocks of pinching wants: Yet such a loathsome creature
+is a common and folding-handed Beggar, that upon the penalty of almost
+a perpetual working in Imprisonment, they are not to appear, nor lurk
+near our vigilant and laborious dwellings. The Country hath received a
+general spleen and antipathy against the very name and nature of it;
+and though there were no Law provided (as there is) to suppress it, I
+am certainly confident, there is none within the Province that would
+lower themselves so much below the dignity of men to beg, as long as
+limbs and life keep house together; so much is a vigilant industrious
+care esteem’d. {45}
+
+He that desires to see the real Platform of a quiet and sober
+Government extant, Superiority with a meek and yet commanding power
+sitting at the Helme, steering the actions of State quietly, through
+the multitude and diversity of Opinionous waves that diversly meet, let
+him look on _Mary-Land_ with eyes admiring, and he’ll then judge her,
+_The Miracle of this Age_.
+
+Here the _Roman Catholick_, and the _Protestant Episcopal_ (whom the
+world would perswade have proclaimed open Wars irrevocably against each
+other), contrarywise concur in an unanimous parallel of friendship,
+and inseparable love intayled into one another: All Inquisitions,
+Martyrdom, and Banishments are not so much as named, but unexpressably
+abhorr’d by each other.
+
+The several Opinions and Sects that lodge within this Government,
+meet not together in mutinous contempts to disquiet the power that
+bears Rule, but with a reverend quietness obeys the legal commands
+of Authority. (See note No. 21). Here’s never seen Five Monarchies
+in a Zealous Rebellion, opposing the Rights and Liberties of a true
+setled Government, or Monarchical Authority: Nor did I ever see (here
+in _Mary-Land_) any of those dancing Adamitical Sisters, that plead a
+primitive Innocency for their base obscenity, and naked deportment; but
+I conceive if some of them were there at some certain time of the year,
+between the Months of _January_ and _February_, {46} when the winds
+blow from the North-West quarter of the world, that it would both cool,
+and (I believe) convert the hottest of these Zealots from their burning
+and fiercest concupiscence. (See note No. 22).
+
+The Government of this Province doth continually, by all lawful means,
+strive to purge her Dominions from such base corroding humors, that
+would predominate upon the least smile of Liberty, did not the Laws
+check and bridle in those unwarranted and tumultuous Opinions. And
+truly, where a kingdom, State or Government, keeps or cuts down the
+weeds of destructive Opinions, there must certainly be a blessed
+harmony of quietness. And I really believe this Land or Government
+of _Mary-Land_ may boast, that she enjoys as much quietness from the
+disturbance of Rebellious Opinions, as most States or Kingdoms do in
+the world: For here every man lives quietly, and follows his labour
+and imployment desiredly; and by the protection of the Laws, they are
+supported from those molestious troubles that ever attend upon the
+Commons of other States and Kingdoms, as well as from the Aquafortial
+operation of great and eating Taxes. Here’s nothing to be levyed out
+of the Granaries of Corn; but contrarywise, by a Law every Domestick
+Governor of a Family is enjoyned to make or cause to be made so
+much Corn by a just limitation, as shall be sufficient for him and
+his Family (see note No. 23): So that by this wise and _Janus_-like
+providence, the thin-jawed Skeliton with his starv’d Carkess is never
+{47} seen walking the Woods of _Mary-Land_ to affrighten Children.
+
+Once every year within this Province is an Assembly called, and out
+of every respective County (by the consent of the people) there is
+chosen a number of men, and to them is deliver’d up the Grievances of
+the Country; and they maturely debate the matters, and according to
+their Consciences make Laws for the general good of the people; and
+where any former Law that was made, seems and is prejudicial to the
+good or quietness of the Land, it is repeal’d. These men that determine
+on these matters for the Republique, are called Burgesses, and they
+commonly sit in Junto about six weeks, being for the most part good
+ordinary Householders of the several Counties, which do more by a plain
+and honest Conscience, than by artificial Syllogisms drest up in gilded
+Orations. (See note No. 24).
+
+Here Suits and Tryals in Law seldome hold dispute two Terms or Courts,
+but according as the Equity of the Cause appears is brought to a
+period. (See note No. 25). The _Temples_ and _Grays-Inne_ are clear
+out of fashion here: Marriot (see note No. 26) would sooner get a
+paunch-devouring meal for nothing, than for his invading Counsil. Here
+if the Lawyer had nothing else to maintain him but his bawling, he
+might button up his Chops, and burn his Buckrom Bag, or else hang it
+upon a pin untill its Antiquity had eaten it up with durt and dust:
+Then with a {48} Spade, like his Grandsire _Adam_, turn up the face
+of the Creation, purchasing his bread by the sweat of his brows, that
+before was got by the motionated Water-works of his jaws. So contrary
+to the Genius of the people, if not to the quiet Government of the
+Province, that the turbulent Spirit of continued and vexatious Law,
+with all its querks and evasions, is openly and most eagerly opposed,
+that might make matters either dubious, tedious, or troublesom. All
+other matters that would be ranging in contrary and improper Spheres,
+(in short) are here by the Power moderated, lower’d and subdued. All
+villanous Outrages that are committed in other States, are not so much
+as known here: A man may walk in the open Woods as secure from being
+externally dissected, as in his own house or dwelling. So hateful is a
+Robber, that if but once imagin’d to be so, he’s kept at a distance,
+and shun’d as the Pestilential noysomness. (See note No. 27).
+
+It is generally and very remarkably observed, That those whose Lives
+and Conversations have had no other gloss nor glory stampt on them
+in their own Country, but the stigmatization of baseness, were here
+(by the common civilities and deportments of the Inhabitants of this
+Province) brought to detest and loath their former actions. Here
+the Constable hath no need of a train of Holberteers (see note No.
+28), that carry more Armour about them, than heart to guard him:
+Nor is he ever troubled to leave his {49} Feathered Nest to some
+friendly successor, while he is placing of his Lanthern-horn Guard
+at the end of some suspicious Street, to catch some Night-walker, or
+Batchelor of Leachery, that has taken his Degree three story high in a
+Bawdy-house. Here’s no _Newgates_ for pilfering Felons, nor _Ludgates_
+for Debtors, nor any _Bridewels_ (see note No. 29) to lash the soul of
+Concupiscence into a chast Repentance. For as there is none of these
+Prisons in _Mary-Land_, so the merits of the Country deserves none,
+but if any be foully vitious, he is so reserv’d in it, that he seldom
+or never becomes popular. Common Alehouses (whose dwellings are the
+only Receptacles of debauchery and baseness, and those Schools that
+trains up Youth, as well as Age, to ruine), in this Province there
+are none; neither hath Youth his swing or range in such a profuse and
+unbridled liberty as in other Countries; for from an antient Custom
+at the primitive seating of the place, the Son works as well as the
+Servant (an excellent cure for untam’d Youth), so that before they
+eat their bread, they are commonly taught how to earn it; which makes
+them by that time Age speaks them capable of receiving that which
+their Parents indulgency is ready to give them, and which partly is
+by their own laborious industry purchased, they manage it with such
+a serious, grave and watching care, as if they had been Masters of
+Families, trained up in that domestick and governing power from their
+Cradles. These Christian Natives of the Land, {50} especially those
+of the Masculine Sex, are generally conveniently confident, reservedly
+subtile, quick in apprehending, but slow in resolving; and where they
+spy profit sailing towards them with the wings of a prosperous gale,
+there they become much familiar. The Women differ something in this
+point, though not much: They are extreme bashful at the first view,
+but after a continuance of time hath brought them acquainted, there
+they become discreetly familiar, and are much more talkative then men.
+All Complemental Courtships, drest up in critical Rarities, are meer
+strangers to them, plain wit comes nearest their Genius; so that he
+that intends to Court a _Mary-Land_ Girle, must have something more
+than the Tautologies of a long-winded speech to carry on his design, or
+else he may (for ought I know) fall under the contempt of her frown,
+and his own windy Oration. (See note No. 30).
+
+One great part of the Inhabitants of this Province are desiredly
+Zealous, great pretenders to Holiness; and where any thing appears that
+carries on the Frontispiece of its Effigies the stamp of Religion,
+though fundamentally never so imperfect, they are suddenly taken with
+it, and out of an eager desire to any thing that’s new, not weighing
+the sure matter in the Ballance of Reason, are very apt to be catcht.
+(See note No. 31). _Quakerism_ is the only Opinion that bears the
+Bell away (see note No. 32): The _Anabaptists_ (see note No. 33)
+have little to say here, {51} as well as in other places, since the
+Ghost of _John_ of _Leyden_ haunts their Conventicles. The _Adamite_,
+_Ranter_, and _Fifty-Monarchy men_, _Mary-Land_ cannot, nay will not
+digest within her liberal stomach such corroding morsels: So that this
+Province is an utter Enemy to blasphemous and zealous Imprecations,
+drain’d from the Lymbeck of hellish and damnable Spirits, as well
+as profuse prophaness, that issues from the prodigality of none but
+cract-brain Sots.
+
+    _’Tis said the Gods lower down that Chain above,_
+    _That tyes both Prince and Subject up in Love;_
+    _And if this Fiction of the Gods be true,_
+    _Few_, Mary-Land, _in this can boast but you:_
+    _Live ever blest, and let those Clouds that do_
+    _Eclipse most States, be always Lights to you;_
+    _And dwelling so, you may for ever be_
+    _The only Emblem of Tranquility._
+
+{52}
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+_The necessariness of Servitude proved, with the common usage of
+Servants in_ Mary-Land, _together with their Priviledges_.
+
+
+As there can be no Monarchy without the Supremacy of a King and Crown,
+nor no King without Subjects, nor any Parents without it be by the
+fruitful off-spring of Children; neither can there be any Masters,
+unless it be by the inferior Servitude of those that dwell under
+them, by a commanding enjoynment: And since it is ordained from the
+original and superabounding wisdom of all things, That there should be
+Degrees and Diversities amongst the Sons of men, in acknowledging of a
+Superiority from Inferiors to Superiors; the Servant with a reverent
+and befitting Obedience is as liable to this duty in a measurable
+performance to him whom he serves, as the loyalest of Subjects to his
+Prince. Then since it is a common and ordained Fate, that there must
+be Servants as well as Masters, and that good Servitudes are those
+Colledges of Sobriety that checks in the giddy and wild-headed youth
+from his profuse and uneven course of life, by a limited constrainment,
+as well as it otherwise agrees with the moderate and discreet Servant:
+Why should there be such an exclusive {53} Obstacle in the minds and
+unreasonable dispositions of many people, against the limited time of
+convenient and necessary Servitude, when it is a thing so requisite,
+that the best of Kingdoms would be unhing’d from their quiet and well
+setled Government without it. Which levelling doctrine we here of
+_England_ in this latter age (whose womb was truss’d out with nothing
+but confused Rebellion) have too much experienced, and was daily rung
+into the ears of the tumultuous Vulgar by the Bell-weather Sectaries of
+the Times: But (blessed be God) those Clouds are blown over, and the
+Government of the Kingdom coucht under a more stable form.
+
+There is no truer Emblem of Confusion either in Monarchy or Domestick
+Governments, then when either the Subject, or the Servant, strives for
+the upper hand of his Prince, or Master, and to be equal with him,
+from whom he receives his present subsistance: Why then, if Servitude
+be so necessary that no place can be governed in order, nor people
+live without it, this may serve to tell those which prick up their
+ears and bray against it, That they are none but Asses, and deserve
+the Bridle of a strict commanding power to reine them in: For I’me
+certainly confident, that there are several Thousands in most Kingdoms
+of Christendom, that could not at all live and subsist, unless they had
+served some prefixed time, to learn either some Trade, Art, or Science,
+and by either of them to extract their present livelihood. {54}
+
+Then methinks this may stop the mouths of those that will undiscreetly
+compassionate them that dwell under necessary Servitudes; for let but
+Parents of an indifferent capacity in Estates, when their Childrens age
+by computation speak them seventeen or eighteen years old, turn them
+loose to the wide world, without a seven years working Apprenticeship
+(being just brought up to the bare formality of a little reading
+and writing) and you shall immediately see how weak and shiftless
+they’le be towards the maintaining and supporting of themselves; and
+(without either stealing or begging) their bodies like a Sentinel must
+continually wait to see when their Souls will be frighted away by the
+pale Ghost of a starving want.
+
+Then let such, where Providence hath ordained to live as Servants,
+either in _England_ or beyond Sea, endure the prefixed yoak of their
+limited time with patience, and then in a small computation of years,
+by an industrious endeavour, they may become Masters and Mistresses
+of Families themselves. And let this be spoke to the deserved praise
+of _Mary-Land_, That the four years I served there were not to me so
+slavish, as a two years Servitude of a Handicraft Apprenticeship was
+here in _London_; _Volenti enim nil difficile_: Not that I write this
+to seduce or delude any, or to draw them from their native soyle, but
+out of a love to my Countrymen, whom in the general I wish well to,
+and that the lowest of them may live in such a capacity of Estate, as
+that the bare interest of {55} their Livelihoods might not altogether
+depend upon persons of the greatest extendments.
+
+Now those whose abilities here in _England_ are capable of maintaining
+themselves in any reasonable and handsom manner, they had best so to
+remain, lest the roughness of the Ocean, together with the staring
+visages of the wilde Animals, which they may see after their arrival
+into the Country, may alter the natural dispositions of their bodies,
+that the stay’d and solid part that kept its motion by Doctor _Trigs_
+purgationary operation, may run beyond the byas of the wheel in a
+violent and laxative confusion.
+
+Now contrarywise, they who are low, and make bare shifts to buoy
+themselves up above the shabby center of beggarly and incident
+casualties, I heartily could wish the removal of some of them into
+_Mary-Land_, which would make much better for them that stay’d behind,
+as well as it would advantage those that went.
+
+They whose abilities cannot extend to purchase their own transportation
+into _Mary-Land_ (and surely he that cannot command so small a sum for
+so great a matter, his life must needs be mighty low and dejected), I
+say they may for the debarment of a four years sordid liberty, go over
+into this Province and there live plentiously well. And what’s a four
+years Servitude to advantage a man all the remainder of his dayes,
+making his predecessors happy in his {56} sufficient abilities, which
+he attained to partly by the restrainment of so small a time?
+
+Now those that commit themselves into the care of the Merchant to carry
+them over, they need not trouble themselves with any inquisitive search
+touching their Voyage; for there is such an honest care and provision
+made for them all the time they remain aboard the Ship, and are sailing
+over, that they want for nothing that is necessary and convenient.
+
+The Merchant commonly before they go aboard the Ship, or set themselves
+in any forwardness for their Voyage, has Conditions of Agreements
+drawn between him and those that by a voluntary consent become his
+Servants, to serve him, his Heirs or Assigns, according as they in
+their primitive acquaintance have made their bargain (see note No.
+34), some two, some three, some four years; and whatever the Master or
+Servant tyes himself up to here in _England_ by Condition, the Laws of
+the Province will force a performance of when they come there: Yet here
+is this Priviledge in it when they arrive, If they dwell not with the
+Merchant they made their first agreement withall, they may choose whom
+they will serve their prefixed time with; and after their curiosity
+has pitcht on one whom they think fit for their turn, and that they
+may live well withall, the Merchant makes an Assignment of the
+Indenture over to him whom they of their free will have chosen to be
+their Master, in the same nature as we here in _England_ (and no {57}
+otherwise) turn over Covenant Servants or Apprentices from one Master
+to another. Then let those whose chaps are always breathing forth those
+filthy dregs of abusive exclamations, which are Lymbeckt from their
+sottish and preposterous brains, against this Country of _Mary-Land_,
+saying, That those which are transported over thither, are sold in open
+Market for Slaves, and draw in Carts like Horses; which is so damnable
+an untruth, that if they should search to the very Center of Hell, and
+enquire for a Lye of the most antient and damned stamp, I confidently
+believe they could not find one to parallel this: For know, That
+the Servants here in _Mary-Land_ of all Colonies, distant or remote
+Plantations, have the least cause to complain, either for strictness
+of Servitude, want of Provisions, or need of Apparel: Five dayes and a
+half in the Summer weeks is the alotted time that they work in; and for
+two months, when the Sun predominates in the highest pitch of his heat,
+they claim an antient and customary Priviledge, to repose themselves
+three hours in the day within the house, and this is undeniably granted
+to them that work in the Fields.
+
+In the Winter time, which lasteth three months (viz.), _December_,
+_January_, and _February_, they do little or no work or imployment,
+save cutting of wood to make good fires to sit by, unless their
+Ingenuity will prompt them to hunt the Deer, or Bear, or recreate
+themselves in Fowling, to slaughter the Swans, Geese, and Turkeys
+(which this Country affords in a most {58} plentiful manner): For
+every Servant has a Gun, Powder and Shot allowed him, to sport him
+withall on all Holidayes and leasurable times, if he be capable of
+using it, or be willing to learn.
+
+Now those Servants which come over into this Province, being
+Artificers, they never (during their Servitude) work in the Fields, or
+do any other imployment save that which their Handicraft and Mechanick
+endeavours are capable of putting them upon, and are esteem’d as well
+by their Masters, as those that imploy them, above measure. He that’s
+a Tradesman here in _Mary-Land_ (though a Servant), lives as well as
+most common Handicrafts do in _London_, though they may want something
+of that Liberty which Freemen have, to go and come at their pleasure;
+yet if it were rightly understood and considered, what most of the
+Liberties of the several poor Tradesmen are taken up about, and what a
+care and trouble attends that thing they call Liberty, which according
+to the common translation is but Idleness, and (if weighed in the
+Ballance of a just Reason) will be found to be much heavier and cloggy
+then the four years restrainment of a _Mary-Land_ Servitude. He that
+lives in the nature of a Servant in this Province, must serve but four
+years by the Custom of the Country; and when the expiration of his
+time speaks him a Freeman, there’s a Law in the Province, that enjoyns
+his Master whom he hath served to give him Fifty Acres of Land, Corn
+to serve him a whole year, three Suits of Apparel, {59} with things
+necessary to them, and Tools to work withall; so that they are no
+sooner free, but they are ready to set up for themselves, and when once
+entred, they live passingly well. (See note No. 35).
+
+The Women that go over into this Province as Servants, have the best
+luck here as in any place of the world besides; for they are no sooner
+on shoar, but they are courted into a Copulative Matrimony, which some
+of them (for aught I know) had they not come to such a Market with
+their Virginity, might have kept it by them untill it had been mouldy,
+unless they had let it out by a yearly rent to some of the Inhabitants
+of _Lewknors-Lane_ (see note No. 36), or made a Deed of Gift of it
+to Mother _Coney_, having only a poor stipend out of it, untill the
+Gallows or Hospital called them away. Men have not altogether so good
+luck as Women in this kind, or natural preferment, without they be good
+Rhetoricians, and well vers’d in the Art of perswasion, then (probably)
+they may ryvet themselves in the time of their Servitude into the
+private and reserved favour of their Mistress, if Age speak their
+Master deficient.
+
+In short, touching the Servants of this Province, they live well in the
+time of their Service, and by their restrainment in that time, they are
+made capable of living much better when they come to be free; which
+in several other parts of the world I have observed, That after some
+servants have brought their indented and limited time to a just and
+legal period {60} by Servitude, they have been much more incapable of
+supporting themselves from sinking into the Gulf of a slavish, poor,
+fettered, and intangled life, then all the fastness of their prefixed
+time did involve them in before.
+
+Now the main and principal Reason of those incident casualties, that
+wait continually upon the residences of most poor Artificers, is (I
+gather) from the multiciplicity or innumerableness of those several
+Companies of Tradesmen, that dwell so closely and stiflingly together
+in one and the same place, that like the chafing Gum in Watered-Tabby,
+they eat into the folds of one anothers Estates. And this might easily
+be remedied, would but some of them remove and disperse distantly where
+want and necessity calls for them; their dwellings (I am confident)
+would be much larger, and their conditions much better, as well in
+reference to their Estates, as to the satisfactoriness of their minds,
+having a continual imployment, and from that imployment a continual
+benefit, without either begging, seducing, or flattering for it,
+encroaching that one month from one of the same profession, that
+they are heaved out themselves the next. For I have observed on the
+other side of _Mary-Land_, that the whole course of most Mechanical
+endeavours, is to catch, snatch, and undervalue one another, to get
+a little work, or a Customer; which when they have attained by their
+lowbuilt and sneaking circumventings, it stands upon so flashy,
+mutable, and transitory {61} a foundation, that the best of his hopes
+is commonly extinguisht before the poor undervalued Tradesman is warm
+in the enjoyment of his Customer.
+
+Then did not a cloud of low and base Cowardize eclipse the Spirits
+of these men, these things might easily be diverted; but they had as
+live take a Bear by the tooth, as think of leaving their own Country,
+though they live among their own National people, and are governed by
+the same Laws they have here, yet all this wont do with them; and all
+the Reason they can render to the contrary is, There’s a great Sea
+betwixt them and _Mary-Land_, and in that Sea there are Fishes, and
+not only Fishes but great Fishes, and then should a Ship meet with
+such an inconsiderable encounter as a Whale, one blow with his tayle,
+and then _Lord have Mercy upon us_: Yet meet with these men in their
+common Exchange, which is one story high in the bottom of a Celler,
+disputing over a Black-pot, it would be monstrously dreadful here to
+insert the particulars, one swearing that he was the first that scaled
+the Walls of _Dundee_, when the Bullets flew about their ears as thick
+as Hailstones usually fall from the Sky; which if it were but rightly
+examined, the most dangerous Engagement that ever he was in, was but
+at one of the flashy battels at _Finsbury_, (see note No. 37), where
+commonly there’s more Custard greedily devoured, than men prejudiced by
+the rigour of the War. Others of this Company relating their several
+dreadful exploits, {62} and when they are just entring into the
+particulars, let but one step in and interrupt their discourse, by
+telling them of a Sea Voyage, and the violency of storms that attends
+it, and that there are no back-doors to run out at, which they call,
+_a handsom Retreat and Charge again_; the apprehensive danger of this
+is so powerful and penetrating on them, that a damp sweat immediately
+involves their Microcosm, so that _Margery_ the old Matron of the
+Celler, is fain to run for a half-peny-worth of _Angelica_ to rub their
+nostrils; and though the Port-hole of their bodies has been stopt from
+a convenient Evacuation some several months, theyl’e need no other
+Suppository to open the Orifice of their Esculent faculties then this
+Relation, as their Drawers or Breeches can more at large demonstrate to
+the inquisitive search of the curious.
+
+Now I know that some will be apt to judge, that I have written this
+last part out of derision to some of my poor Mechanick Country-men:
+Truly I must needs tell those to their face that think so of me, that
+they prejudice me extremely, by censuring me as guilty of any such
+crime: What I have written is only to display the sordidness of their
+dispositions, who rather than they will remove to another Country to
+live plentiously well, and give their Neighbors more Elbow-room and
+space to breath in, they will croud and throng upon one another, with
+the pressure of a beggarly and unnecessary weight. {63}
+
+That which I have to say more in this business, is a hearty and
+desirous wish, that the several poor Tradesmen here in _London_ that
+I know, and have borne an occular testimony of their want, might live
+so free from care as I did when I dwelt in the bonds of a four years
+Servitude in _Mary-Land_.
+
+    _Be just (Domestick Monarchs) unto them_
+    _That dwell as Household Subjects to each Realm;_
+    _Let not your Power make you be too severe,_
+    _Where there’s small faults reign in your sharp Career:_
+    _So that the Worlds base yelping Crew_
+    _May’nt bark what I have wrote is writ untrue,_
+    _So use your Servants, if there come no more,_
+    _They may serve Eight, instead of serving Four._
+
+{64}
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+_Upon Trafique, and what Merchandizing Commodities this Province
+affords, also how Tobacco is planted and made fit for Commerce._
+
+
+Trafique, Commerce, and Trade, are those great wheeles that by their
+circular and continued motion, turn into most Kingdoms of the Earth
+the plenty of abundant Riches that they are commonly fed withall: For
+Trafique in his right description, is the very soul of a Kingdom; and
+should but Fate ordain a removal of it for some years, from the richest
+and most populous Monarchy that dwells in the most fertile clyme of
+the whole Universe, he would soon find by a woful experiment, the miss
+and loss of so reviving a supporter. And I am certainly confident,
+that _England_ would as soon feel her feebleness by withdrawment of so
+great an upholder; as well in reference to the internal and healthful
+preservative of her Inhabitants, for want of those Medicinal Drugs that
+are landed upon her Coast every year, as the external profits, Glory
+and beneficial Graces that accrue by her.
+
+_Paracelsus_ might knock down his Forge, if Trafique and Commerce
+should once cease, and grynde the hilt of his Sword into Powder, and
+take some of the Infusion to make him so valorous, that he might cut
+his {65} own Throat in the honor of _Mercury_: _Galen_ might then
+burn his Herbal, and like _Joseph of Arimathea_, build him a Tomb in
+his Garden, and so rest from his labours: Our Physical Collegians of
+_London_ would have no cause then to thunder Fire-balls at _Nich.
+Culpeppers_ Dispensatory (see note No. 38). All Herbs, Roots, and
+Medicines would bear their original christening, that the ignorant
+might understand them: _Album grecum_ would not be _Album grecum_ (see
+note No. 39) then, but a Dogs turd would be a Dogs turd in plain terms,
+in spight of their teeth.
+
+If Trade should once cease, the Custom-house would soon miss her
+hundreds and thousands Hogs-heads of Tobacco (see note No. 40), that
+use to be throng in her every year, as well as the Grocers would in
+their Ware-houses and Boxes, the Gentry and Commonalty in their Pipes,
+the Physician in his Drugs and Medicinal Compositions; The (leering)
+Waiters for want of imployment, might (like so many _Diogenes_)
+intomb themselves in their empty Casks, and rouling themselves off
+the Key into the _Thames_, there wander up and down from tide to tide
+in contemplation of _Aristotles_ unresolved curiosity, until the
+rottenness of their circular habitation give them a _Quietus est_,
+and fairly surrender them up into the custody of those who both for
+profession, disposition and nature, lay as near claim to them, as if
+they both tumbled in one belly, and for name they jump alike, being
+according to the original translation both _Sharkes_. {66}
+
+Silks and Cambricks, and Lawns to make sleeves, would be as soon miss’d
+at Court, as Gold and Silver would be in the Mint and Pockets: The
+Low-Country Soldier would be at a cold stand for Outlandish Furrs to
+make him Muffs, to keep his ten similitudes warm in the Winter, as well
+as the Furrier for want of Skins to uphold his Trade.
+
+Should Commerce once cease, there is no Country in the habitable
+world but would undoubtedly miss that flourishing, splendid and rich
+gallantry of Equipage, that Trafique maintained and drest her up in,
+before she received that fatal Eclipse: _England_, _France_, _Germany_
+and _Spain_, together with all the Kingdoms——
+
+But stop (good Muse) lest I should, like the Parson of _Pancras_ (see
+note No. 41), run so far from my Text in half an hour, that a two hours
+trot back again would hardly fetch it up: I had best while I am alive
+in my Doctrine, to think again of _Mary-Land_, lest the business of
+other Countries take up so much room in my brain, that I forget and
+bury her in oblivion.
+
+The three main Commodities this Country affords for Trafique, are
+Tobacco, Furrs, and Flesh. Furrs and Skins, as Beavers, Otters,
+Musk-Rats, Rackoons, Wild-Cats, and Elke or Bufieloe (see note No. 42),
+with divers others, which were first made vendible by the _Indians_ of
+the Country, and sold to the Inhabitant, and by them to the Merchant,
+and so {67} transported into _England_ and other places where it
+becomes most commodious.
+
+Tobacco is the only solid Staple Commodity of this Province: The use of
+it was first found out by the _Indians_ many Ages agoe, and transferr’d
+into Christendom by that great Discoverer of _America Columbus_. It’s
+generally made by all the Inhabitants of this Province, and between the
+months of _March_ and _April_ they sow the seed (which is much smaller
+then Mustard-seed) in small beds and patches digg’d up and made so by
+art, and about _May_ the Plants commonly appear green in those beds:
+In _June_ they are transplanted from their beds, and set in little
+hillocks in distant rowes, dug up for the same purpose; some twice or
+thrice they are weeded, and succoured from their illegitimate Leaves
+that would be peeping out from the body of the Stalk. They top the
+several Plants as they find occasion in their predominating rankness:
+About the middle of _September_ they cut the Tobacco down, and carry
+it into houses, (made for that purpose) to bring it to its purity: And
+after it has attained, by a convenient attendance upon time, to its
+perfection, it is then tyed up in bundles, and packt into Hogs-heads,
+and then laid by for the Trade.
+
+Between _November_ and _January_ there arrives in this Province
+Shipping to the number of twenty sail and upwards (see note No. 43),
+all Merchant-men loaden with Commodities to Trafique and dispose of,
+{68} trucking with the Planter for Silks, Hollands, Serges, and
+Broad-clothes, with other necessary Goods, priz’d at such and such
+rates as shall be judg’d on is fair and legal, for Tobacco at so much
+the pound, and advantage on both sides considered; the Planter for his
+work, and the Merchant for adventuring himself and his Commodity into
+so far a Country: Thus is the Trade on both sides drove on with a fair
+and honest _Decorum_.
+
+The Inhabitants of this Province are seldom or never put to the
+affrightment of being robb’d of their money, nor to dirty their Fingers
+by telling of vast sums: They have more bags to carry Corn, then Coyn;
+and though they want, but why should I call that a want which is only a
+necessary miss? the very effects of the dirt of this Province affords
+as great a profit to the general Inhabitant, as the Gold of _Peru_ doth
+to the straight-breecht Commonalty of the _Spaniard_.
+
+Our Shops and Exchanges of _Mary-Land_, are the Merchants Store-houses,
+where with few words and protestations Goods are bought and delivered;
+not like those Shop-keepers Boys in _London_, that continually cry,
+_What do ye lack Sir? What d’ye buy?_ yelping with so wide a mouth, as
+if some Apothecary had hired their mouths to stand open to catch Gnats
+and Vagabond Flyes in.
+
+Tobacco is the currant Coyn of _Mary-Land_, and will sooner purchase
+Commodities from the Merchant, {69} then money. I must confess the
+_New-England_ men that trade into this Province, had rather have fat
+Pork for their Goods, than Tobacco or Furrs (see note No. 44), which I
+conceive is, because their bodies being fast bound up with the cords
+of restringent Zeal, they are fain to make use of the lineaments of
+this _Non-Canaanite_ creature physically to loosen them; for a bit of a
+pound upon a two-peny Rye loaf, according to the original Receipt, will
+bring the costiv’st red-ear’d Zealot in some three hours time to a fine
+stool, if methodically observed.
+
+_Medera_-Wines, Sugars, Salt, Wickar-Chairs, and Tin Candlesticks, is
+the most of the Commodities they bring in: They arrive in _Mary-Land_
+about _September_, being most of them Ketches and Barkes, and such
+small Vessels, and those dispersing themselves into several small
+Creeks of this Province, to sell and dispose of their Commodities,
+where they know the Market is most fit for their small Adventures.
+
+_Barbadoes_ (see note No. 45), together with the several adjacent
+Islands, has much Provision yearly from this Province: And though
+these Sun-burnt _Phaetons_ think to outvye _Mary-Land_ in their Silks
+and Puffs, daily speaking against her whom their necessities makes
+them beholding to, and like so many _Don Diegos_ that becackt _Pauls_,
+cock their Felts and look big upon’t; yet if a man could go down into
+their infernals, and see how it fares with them there, I believe he
+would hardly find any other Spirit to {70} buoy them up, then the
+ill-visaged Ghost of want, that continually wanders from gut to gut to
+feed upon the undigested rynes of Potatoes.
+
+    _Trafique is Earth’s great Atlas, that supports_
+    _The pay of Armies, and the height of Courts,_
+    _And makes Mechanicks live, that else would die_
+    _Meer starving Martyrs to their penury:_
+    _None but the Merchant of this thing can boast,_
+    _He, like the Bee, comes loaden from each Coast,_
+    _And to all Kingdoms, as within a Hive,_
+    _Stows up those Riches that doth make them thrive:_
+    _Be thrifty_, Mary-Land, _keep what thou hast in store,_
+    _And each years Trafique to thy self get more._
+
+{71}
+
+
+
+
+A Relation of the Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and Religion of the
+SUSQUEHANOCK (see note No. 46) INDIANS in and near MARY-LAND.
+
+
+As the diversities of Languages (since Babels confusion) has made the
+distinction between people and people, in this Christendompart of the
+world; so are they distinguished Nation from Nation, by the diversities
+and confusion of their Speech and Languages (see note No. 47) here
+in _America_: And as every Nation differs in their Laws, Manners and
+Customs, in _Europe_, _Asia_ and _Africa_, so do they the very same
+here; That it would be a most intricate and laborious trouble, to
+run (with a description) through the several Nations of _Indians_
+here in _America_, considering the innumerableness and diversities
+of them that dwell on this vast and unmeasured Continent: But rather
+then I’le be altogether silent, I shall do like the Painter in the
+Comedy, who being to limne out the Pourtraiture of the Furies, as they
+severally appeared, set himself behind a Pillar, and between fright and
+amazement, drew them by guess. Those _Indians_ that I have convers’d
+withall here in this Province of _Mary-Land_, and have had any occular
+experimental view of either of their Customs, Manners, Religions, and
+Absurdities, are called by the {72} name of _Susquehanocks_, being a
+people lookt upon by the Christian Inhabitants, as the most Noble and
+Heroick Nation of _Indians_ that dwell upon the confines of _America_;
+also are so allowed and lookt upon by the rest of the _Indians_, by
+a submissive and tributary acknowledgement; being a people cast into
+the mould of a most large and Warlike deportment, the men being for
+the most part seven foot high in latitude, and in magnitude and bulk
+suitable to so high a pitch; their voyce large and hollow, as ascending
+out of a Cave, their gate and behavior strait, stately and majestick,
+treading on the Earth with as much pride, contempt, and disdain to so
+sordid a Center, as can be imagined from a creature derived from the
+same mould and Earth.
+
+Their bodies are cloth’d with no other Armour to defend them from the
+nipping frosts of a benumbing Winter, or the penetrating and scorching
+influence of the Sun in a hot Summer, then what Nature gave them when
+they parted with the dark receptacle of their mothers womb. They go
+Men, Women and Children, all naked, only where shame leads them by a
+natural instinct to be reservedly modest, there they become cover’d.
+The formality of _Jezabels_ artificial Glory is much courted and
+followed by these _Indians_, only in matter of colours (I conceive)
+they differ.
+
+The _Indians_ paint upon their faces one stroke of red, another of
+green, another of white, and another of black, so that when they have
+accomplished the {73} Equipage of their Countenance in this trim, they
+are the only Hieroglyphicks and Representatives of the Furies. Their
+skins are naturally white, but altered from their originals by the
+several dyings of Roots and Barks, that they prepare and make useful
+to metamorphize their hydes into a dark Cinamon brown. The hair of
+their head is black, long and harsh, but where Nature hath appointed
+the situation of it any where else, they divert it (by an antient
+custom) from its growth, by pulling it up hair by hair by the root in
+its primitive appearance. Several of them wear divers impressions on
+their breasts and armes, as the picture of the Devil, Bears, Tigers,
+and Panthers, which are imprinted on their several lineaments with much
+difficulty and pain, with an irrevocable determination of its abiding
+there: And this they count a badge of Heroick Valour, and the only
+Ornament due to their _Heroes_. (See note No. 48).
+
+These _Susquehanock Indians_ are for the most part great Warriours, and
+seldom sleep one Summer in the quiet armes of a peaceable Rest, but
+keep (by their present Power, as well as by their former Conquest) the
+several Nations of _Indians_ round about them, in a forceable obedience
+and subjection.
+
+Their Government is wrapt up in so various and intricate a Laborynth,
+that the speculativ’st Artist in the whole World, with his artificial
+and natural Opticks, cannot see into the rule or sway of these
+_Indians_, to distinguish what name of Government to {74} call them
+by; though _Purchas_ (see note No. 49) in his _Peregrination_ between
+_London_ and _Essex_, (which he calls the whole World) will undertake
+(forsooth) to make a Monarchy of them, but if he had said Anarchy, his
+word would have pass’d with a better belief. All that ever I could
+observe in them as to this matter is, that he that is most cruelly
+Valorous, is accounted the most Noble: Here is very seldom any creeping
+from a Country Farm, into a Courtly Gallantry, by a sum of money; nor
+feeing the Heralds to put Daggers and Pistols into their Armes, to make
+the ignorant believe that they are lineally descended from the house of
+the Wars and Conquests; he that fights best carries it here.
+
+When they determine to go upon some Design that will and doth require a
+Consideration, some six of them get into a corner, and sit in Juncto;
+and if thought fit, their business is made popular, and immediately
+put into action; if not, they make a full stop to it, and are silently
+reserv’d.
+
+The Warlike Equipage they put themselves in when they prepare for
+_Belona’s_ March, is with their faces, armes, and breasts confusedly
+painted, their hair greased with Bears oyl, and stuck thick with
+Swans Feathers, with a wreath or Diadem of black and white Beads upon
+their heads, a small Hatchet, instead of a Cymetre, stuck in their
+girts behind them, and either with Guns, or Bows and Arrows. In this
+posture and dress they march out from their Fort, or {75} dwelling,
+to the number of Forty in a Troop, singing (or rather howling out) the
+Decades or Warlike exploits of their Ancestors, ranging the wide Woods
+untill their fury has met with an Enemy worthy of their Revenge. What
+Prisoners fall into their hands by the destiny of War, they treat them
+very civilly while they remain with them abroad, but when they once
+return homewards, they then begin to dress them in the habit for death,
+putting on their heads and armes wreaths of Beads, greazing their hair
+with fat, some going before, and the rest behind, at equal distance
+from their Prisoners, bellowing in a strange and confused manner, which
+is a true presage and forerunner of destruction to their then conquered
+Enemy. (See note No. 50).
+
+In this manner of march they continue till they have brought them to
+their Berken City (see note No. 51), where they deliver them up to
+those that in cruelty will execute them, without either the legal
+Judgement of a Council of War, or the benefit of their Clergy at the
+Common Law. The common and usual deaths they put their Prisoners to,
+is to bind them to stakes, making a fire some distance from them; then
+one or other of them, whose Genius delights in the art of Paganish
+dissection, with a sharp knife or flint cuts the Cutis or outermost
+skin of the brow so deep, untill their nails, or rather Talons, can
+fasten themselves firm and secure in, then (with a most rigid jerk)
+disrobeth the head of skin and hair at one pull, leaving {76} the
+skull almost as bare as those Monumental Skelitons at Chyrurgions-Hall;
+but for fear they should get cold by leaving so warm and customary
+a Cap off, they immediately apply to the skull a Cataplasm of hot
+Embers to keep their Pericanium warm. While they are thus acting this
+cruelty on their heads, several others are preparing pieces of Iron,
+and barrels of old Guns, which they make red hot, to sear each part and
+lineament of their bodies, which they perform and act in a most cruel
+and barbarous manner: And while they are thus in the midst of their
+torments and execrable usage, some tearing their skin and hair of their
+head off by violence, others searing their bodies with hot irons, some
+are cutting their flesh off, and eating it before their eyes raw while
+they are alive; yet all this and much more never makes them lower the
+Top-gallant sail of their Heroick courage, to beg with a submissive
+Repentance any indulgent favour from their persecuting Enemies; but
+with an undaunted contempt to their cruelty, eye it with so slight and
+mean a respect, as if it were below them to value what they did, they
+courageously (while breath doth libertize them) sing the summary of
+their Warlike Atchievements.
+
+Now after this cruelty has brought their tormented lives to a period,
+they immediately fall to butchering of them into parts, distributing
+the several pieces amongst the Sons of War, to intomb the ruines
+of their deceased Conquest in no other Sepulchre then {77} their
+unsanctified maws; which they with more appetite and desire do eat
+and digest, then if the best of foods should court their stomachs to
+participate of the most restorative Banquet. Yet though they now and
+then feed upon the Carkesses of their Enemies, this is not a common
+dyet, but only a particular dish for the better sort (see note No. 52);
+for there is not a Beast that runs in the Woods of _America_, but if
+they can by any means come at him, without any scruple of Conscience
+they’le fall too (Without saying Grace) with a devouring greediness.
+
+As for their Religion, together with their Rites and Ceremonies, they
+are so absurd and ridiculous, that its almost a sin to name them. They
+own no other Deity than the Devil, (solid or profound) but with a kind
+of a wilde imaginary conjecture, they suppose from their groundless
+conceits, that the World had a Maker, but where he is that made it,
+or whether he be living to this day, they know not. The Devil, as I
+said before, is all the God they own or worship; and that more out of
+a slavish fear then any real Reverence to his Infernal or Diabolical
+greatness, he forcing them to their Obedience by his rough and rigid
+dealing with them, often appearing visibly among them to their terrour,
+bastinadoing them (with cruel menaces) even unto death, and burning
+their Fields of Corn and houses, that the relation thereof makes them
+tremble themselves when they tell it. {78}
+
+Once in four years they Sacrifice a Childe to him (see note No. 53),
+in an acknowledgement of their firm obedience to all his Devillish
+powers, and Hellish commands. The Priests to whom they apply themselves
+in matters of importance and greatest distress, are like those that
+attended upon the Oracle at _Delphos_, who by their Magic-spells could
+command a _pro_ or _con_ from the Devil when they pleas’d. These
+_Indians_ oft-times raise great Tempests when they have any weighty
+matter or design in hand, and by blustering storms inquire of their
+Infernal God (the Devil) _How matters shall go with them either in
+publick or private._ (See note No. 54).
+
+When any among them depart this life, they give him no other
+intombment, then to set him upright upon his breech in a hole dug in
+the Earth some five foot long, and three foot deep, covered over with
+the Bark of Trees Arch-wise, with his face Du-West, only leaving a
+hole half a foot square open. They dress him in the same Equipage and
+Gallantry that he used to be trim’d in when he was alive, and so bury
+him (if a Soldier) with his Bows, Arrows, and Target, together with all
+the rest of his implements and weapons of War, with a Kettle of Broth,
+and Corn standing before him, lest he should meet with bad quarters
+in his way. (See note No. 55). His Kinred and Relations follow him to
+the Grave, sheath’d in Bear skins for close mourning, with the tayl
+droyling on the ground, in imitation of our _English_ Solemners, {79}
+that think there’s nothing like a tayl a Degree in length, to follow
+the dead Corpse to the Grave with. Here if that snuffling Prolocutor,
+that waits upon the dead Monuments of the Tombs at _Westminster_, with
+his white Rod were there, he might walk from Tomb to Tomb with his,
+_Here lies the Duke of_ Ferrara _and his Dutchess_, and never find any
+decaying vacation, unless it were in the moldering Consumption of his
+own Lungs. They bury all within the wall or Pallisado’d impalement of
+their City, or _Connadago_ (see note No. 56) as they call it. Their
+houses are low and long, built with the Bark of Trees Arch-wise,
+standing thick and confusedly together. They are situated a hundred and
+odd miles distant from the Christian Plantations of _Mary-Land_, at the
+head of a River that runs into the Bay of _Chæsapike_, called by their
+own name _The Susquehanock River_, where they remain and inhabit most
+part of the Summer time, and seldom remove far from it, unless it be to
+subdue any Forreign Rebellion.
+
+About _November_ the best Hunters draw off to several remote places of
+the Woods, where they know the Deer, Bear, and Elke useth; there they
+build them several Cottages, which they call their Winter-quarter,
+where they remain for the space of three months, untill they have
+killed up a sufficiency of Provisions to supply their Families with in
+the Summer.
+
+The Women are the Butchers, Cooks, and Tillers of the ground, the
+Men think it below the honour of {80} a Masculine, to stoop to any
+thing but that which their Gun, or Bow and Arrows can command. The Men
+kill the several Beasts which they meet withall in the Woods, and the
+Women are the Pack horses to fetch it in upon their backs, fleying
+and dressing the hydes, (as well as the flesh for provision) to make
+them fit for Trading, and which are brought down to the _English_ at
+several seasons in the year, to truck and dispose of them for course
+Blankets, Guns, Powder and lead, Beads, small Looking-glasses, Knives,
+and Razors. (See note No. 57).
+
+I never observed all the while I was amongst these naked _Indians_,
+that ever the Women wore the Breeches, or dared either in look or
+action predominate over the Men. They are very constant to their Wives;
+and let this be spoken to their Heathenish praise, that did they not
+alter their bodies by their dyings, paintings, and cutting themselves,
+marring those Excellencies that Nature bestowed upon them in their
+original conceptions and birth, there would be as amiable beauties
+amongst them, as any _Alexandria_ could afford, when _Mark Anthony_
+and _Cleopatra_ dwelt there together. Their Marriages are short and
+authentique; for after ’tis resolv’d upon by both parties, the Woman
+sends her intended Husband a Kettle of boyl’d Venison, or Bear; and he
+returns in lieu thereof Beaver or Otters Skins, and so their Nuptial
+Rites are concluded without other Ceremony. (See note No. 58). {81}
+
+Before I bring my Heathenish Story to a period, I have one thing worthy
+your observation: For as our Grammar Rules have it, _Non decet quenquam
+me ire currentem aut mandantem_: It doth not become any man to piss
+running or eating. These Pagan men naturally observe the same Rule;
+for they are so far from running, that like a Hare, they squat to the
+ground as low as they can, while the Women stand bolt upright with
+their armes a Kimbo, performing the same action, in so confident and
+obscene a posture (see note No. 59), as if they had taken their Degrees
+of Entrance at _Venice_, and commenced Bawds of Art at _Legorne_.
+
+{82}
+
+
+
+
+A Collection of some Letters that were written by the same Author, most
+of them in the time of his Servitude.
+
+
+_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B.
+
+SIR,
+
+I have lived with sorrow to see the Anointed of the Lord tore from his
+Throne by the hands of Paricides, and in contempt haled, in the view of
+God, Angels and Men, upon a public Theatre, and there murthered. I have
+seen the sacred Temple of the Almighty, in scorn by Schismatics made
+the Receptacle of Theeves and Robbers; and those Religious Prayers,
+that in devotion Evening and Morning were offered up as a Sacrifice to
+our God, rent by Sacrilegious hands, and made no other use of, then
+sold to Brothel-houses to light Tobacco with.
+
+Who then can stay, or will, to see things of so great weight steer’d
+by such barbarous Hounds as these: First, were there an _Egypt_ to
+go down to, I would involve my Liberty to them, upon condition ne’er
+more to see my Country. What? live in silence under the sway of such
+base actions, is to give consent; and though the lowness of my present
+Estate and Condition, with the hazard I put my future dayes upon, might
+plead a just excuse for me to stay at home; but Heavens forbid: I’le
+rather serve in {84} Chains, and draw the Plough with Animals, till
+death shall stop and say, _It is enough_. Sir, if you stay behind, I
+wish you well: I am bound for _Mary-Land_, this day I have made some
+entrance into my intended voyage, and when I have done more, you shall
+know of it. I have here inclosed what you of me desired, but truly
+trouble, discontent and business, have so amazed my senses, that what
+to write, or where to write, I conceive my self almost as uncapable
+as he that never did write. What you’le find will be _Ex tempore_,
+without the use of premeditation; and though there may want something
+of a flourishing stile to dress them forth, yet I’m certain there wants
+nothing of truth, will, and desire.
+
+    _Heavens bright Lamp, shine forth some of thy Light,_
+    _But just so long to paint this dismal Night;_
+    _Then draw thy beams, and hide thy glorious face,_
+    _From the dark sable actions of this place;_
+    _Leaving these lustful Sodomites groping still,_
+    _To satisfie each dark unsatiate will,_
+    _Untill at length the crimes that they commit,_
+    _May sink them down to Hells Infernal pit._
+    _Base and degenerate Earth, how dost thou lye,_
+    _That all that pass hiss, at thy Treachery?_
+    _Thou which couldst boast once of thy King and Crown,_
+    _By base Mechanicks now art tumbled down,_
+     Brewers _and_ Coblers, _that have scarce an Eye,_
+    _Walk hand in hand an thy Supremacy;_
+    _And all those Courts where Majesty did Throne,_
+    _Are now the Seats for Oliver and Ioan:_ {85}
+    _Persons of Honour, which did before inherit_
+    _Their glorious Titles from deserved merit,_
+    _Are all grown silent, and with wonder gaze,_
+    _To view such Slaves drest in their Courtly rayes;_
+    _To see a_ Drayman _that knows nought but Yeast,_
+    _Set in a Throne like_ Babylons _red Beast,_
+    _While heaps of Parasites do idolize_
+    _This red-nos’d_ Bell, _with fawning Sacrifice._
+    _What can we say? our King they’ve Murthered,_
+    _And those well born, are basely buried:_
+    _Nobles are slain, and Royalists in each street_
+    _Are scorn’d, and kick’d by most Men that they meet:_
+    _Religion’s banisht, and Heresie survives,_
+    _And none but Conventicks in this Age thrives._
+    _Oh could those_ Romans _from their Ashes rise,_
+    _That liv’d in_ Nero’s _time: Oh how their cries_
+    _Would our perfidious Island shake, nay rend,_
+    _With clamorous screaks unto the Heaven send:_
+    _Oh how they’d blush to see our Crimson crimes,_
+    _And know the Subjects Authors of these times:_
+    _When as the Peasant he shall take his King,_
+    _And without cause shall fall a murthering him;_
+    _And when that’s done, with Pride assume the Chair,_
+    _And_ Nimrod-_like, himself to heaven rear;_
+    _Command the People, make the Land Obey_
+    _His baser will, and swear to what he’l say._
+    _Sure, sure our God has not these evils sent_
+    _To please himself, but for mans punishment:_
+    _And when he shall from our dark sable Skies_
+    _Withdraw these Clouds, and let our Sun arise,_
+    _Our dayes will surely then in Glory shine,_
+    _Both in our Temporal, and our State divine:_ {86}
+    _May this come quickly, though I may never see_
+    _This glorious day, yet I would sympathie,_
+    _And feel a joy run through each vain of blood,_
+    _Though Vassalled on t’other side the Floud._
+    _Heavens protect his Sacred Majesty,_
+    _From secret Plots, & treacherous Villany._
+    _And that those Slaves that now predominate,_
+    _Hang’d and destroy’d may be their best of Fate;_
+    _And though Great_ Charles _be distant from his own,_
+    _Heaven I hope will seat him on his Throne._
+
+ Vale.
+
+ Yours what I may,
+ G. A.
+
+ From the Chimney Corner upon a
+ low cricket, where I writ this in
+ the noise of some six Women,
+ _Aug._ 19. _Anno_
+
+
+_To my Honored Father at his House._
+
+SIR,
+
+Before I dare bid Adieu to the old World, or shake hands with my native
+Soyl for ever, I have a Conscience inwards tells me, that I must offer
+up the remains of that Obedience of mine, that lyes close centered
+within the cave of my Soul, at the Alter, of your paternal Love: And
+though this Sacrifice of mine may shew something low and thread-bare,
+(at this time) yet know, That in the Zenith of all {87} actions,
+Obedience is that great wheel that moves the lesser in their circular
+motion.
+
+I am now entring for some time to dwell under the Government of
+_Neptune_, a Monarchy that I was never manured to live under, nor to
+converse with in his dreadful Aspect, neither do I know how I shall
+bear with his rough demands; but that God has carried me through those
+many gusts a shoar, which I have met withall in the several voyages of
+my life, I hope will Pilot me safely to my desired Port, through the
+worst of Stormes I shall meet withall at Sea.
+
+We have strange, and yet good news aboard, that he whose vast mind
+could not be contented with spacious Territories to stretch his
+insatiate desires on, is (by an Almighty power) banished from his
+usuped Throne to dwell among the dead. I no sooner heard of it, but my
+melancholly Muse forced me upon this ensuing Distich.
+
+    _Poor vaunting Earth, gloss’d with uncertain Pride,_
+    _That liv’d in Pomp, yet worse than others dy’d:_
+    _Who shall blow forth a Trumpet to thy praise?_
+    _Or call thy sable Actions shining Rayes?_
+    _Such Lights as those blaze forth the vertued dead,_
+    _And make them live, though they are buried._
+    _Thou’st gone, and to thy memory let be said,_
+    _There lies that Oliver which of old betray’d_
+    _His King and Master, and after did assume,_
+    _With swelling Pride, to govern in his room._
+    _Here I’le rest satisfied, Scriptures expound to me,_
+    _Tophet was made for such Supremacy._
+
+{88}
+
+The death of this great Rebel (I hope) will prove an _Omen_ to
+presage destruction on the rest. The Worlds in a heap of troubles
+and confusion, and while they are in the midst of their changes and
+amazes, the best way to give them the bag, is to go out of the World
+and leave them. I am now bound for _Mary-Land_, and I am told that’s a
+New World, but if it prove no better than this, I shall not get much by
+my change; but before I’le revoke my Resolution, I am resolv’d to put
+it to adventure, for I think it can hardly be worse then this is: Thus
+committing you into the hands of that God that made you, I rest
+
+ _Your Obedient Son_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From aboard a Ship at _Gravesend_,
+ _Sept._ 7th, _Anno_
+
+
+_To my Brother._
+
+I leave you very near in the same condition as I am in my self, only
+here lies the difference, you were bound at Joyners Hall in _London_
+Apprentice-wise, and I conditionally at Navigators Hall, that now
+rides at an Anchor at _Gravesend_; I hope you will allow me to live
+in the largest Mayordom, by reason I am the eldest: None but the main
+Continent of _America_ will serve me for a Corporation to inhabit
+{89} in now, though I am affraid for all that, that the reins of my
+Liberty will be something shorter then yours will be in _London_: But
+as to that, what Destiny has ordered I am resolved with an adventerous
+Resolution to subscribe to, and with a contented imbracement enjoy
+it. I would fain have seen you once more in this Old World, before I
+go into the New, I know you have a chain about your Leg, as well as I
+have a clog about my Neck: If you can’t come, send a line or two, if
+not, wish me well at least: I have one thing to charge home upon you,
+and I hope you will take my counsel, That you have alwayes an obedient
+Respect and Reverence to your aged Parents, that while they live they
+may have comfort of you, and when that God shall sound a retreat to
+their lives, that there they may with their gray hairs in joy go down
+to their Graves.
+
+Thus concluding, wishing you a comfortable Servitude, a prosperous
+Life, and the assurance of a happy departure in the immutable love of
+him that made you,
+
+ Vale.
+
+ Your Brother,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Gravesend_, Sept. 7. _Anno_
+
+{90}
+
+
+_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B. _at his House_.
+
+I am got ashoar with much ado, and it is very well it is as it is, for
+if I had stayed a little longer, I had certainly been a Creature of
+the Water, for I had hardly flesh enough to carry me to Land, not that
+I wanted for any thing that the Ship could afford me in reason: But
+oh the great bowls of Pease-porridge that appeared in sight every day
+about the hour of twelve, ingulfed the senses of my Appetite so, with
+the restringent quality of the Salt Beef, upon the internal Inhabitants
+of my belly, that a _Galenist_ for some days after my arrival, with his
+Bag-pipes of Physical operations, could hardly make my Puddings dance
+in any methodical order.
+
+But to set by these things that happened unto me at Sea, I am now upon
+Land, and there I’le keep my self if I can, and for four years I am
+pretty sure of my restraint; and had I known my yoak would have been
+so easie, (as I conceive it will) I would have been here long before
+now, rather then to have dwelt under the pressure of a Rebellious and
+Trayterous Government so long as I did. I dwell now by providence in
+the Province of _Mary-Land_, (under the quiet Government of the Lord
+_Baltemore_) which Country a bounds in a most glorious prosperity and
+plenty of all things. And though the Infancy of her situation might
+plead an excuse to those several imperfections, (if she were guilty
+of any of them) which by {91} scandalous and imaginary conjectures
+are falsly laid to her charge, and which she values with so little
+notice or perceivance of discontent, that she hardly alters her visage
+with a frown, to let them know she is angry with such a Rascality of
+people, that loves nothing better then their own sottish and abusive
+acclamations of baseness: To be short, the Country (so far forth as I
+have seen into it) is incomparable.
+
+Here is a sort of naked Inhabitants, or wilde people, that have for
+many ages I believe lived here in the Woods of _Mary-Land_, as well as
+in other parts of the Continent, before e’er it was by the Christian
+Discoverers found out; being a people strange to behold, as well in
+their looks, which by confused paintings makes them seem dreadful, as
+in their sterne and heroick gate and deportments, the Men are mighty
+tall and big limbed, the Women not altogether so large; they are most
+of them very well featured, did not their wilde and ridiculous dresses
+alter their original excellencies: The men are great Warriours and
+Hunters, the Women ingenious and laborious Housewives.
+
+As to matter of their Worship, they own no other Deity then the
+Devil, and him more out of a slavish fear, then any real devotion,
+or willing acknowledgement to his Hellish power. They live in little
+small Bark-Cottages, in the remote parts of the Woods, killing and
+slaying the several Animals that they meet withall to make provision
+of, dressing their {92} several Hydes and Skins to Trafique withall,
+when a conveniency of Trade presents. I would go on further, but like
+Doctor _Case_, when he had not a word more to speak for himself, _I am
+afraid my beloved I have kept you too long_. Now he that made you save
+you.     _Amen._
+
+ _Yours to command_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, _Febr._ 6. _Anno_
+
+And not to forget _Tom Forge_ I beseech you, tell him that my Love’s
+the same towards him still, and as firm as it was about the overgrown
+Tryal, when Judgements upon judgements, had not I stept in, would have
+pursued him untill the day of Judgement, _&c._
+
+
+_To my Father at his House._
+
+SIR,
+
+After my Obedience (at so great and vast a distance) has humbly saluted
+you and my good Mother, with the cordialest of my prayers, wishes,
+and desires to wait upon you, with the very best of their effectual
+devotion, wishing from the very Center of my Soul your flourishing and
+well-being here upon Earth, and your glorious and everlasting happiness
+in the World to Come. {93}
+
+These lines (my dear Parents) come from that Son which by an irregular
+Fate was removed from his Native home, and after a five months
+dangerous passage, was landed on the remote Continent of _America_,
+in the Province of _Mary-Land_, where now by providence I reside. To
+give you the particulars of the several accidents that happened in our
+voyage by Sea, it would swell a Journal of some sheets, and therefore
+too large and tedious for a Letter: I think it therefore necessary to
+bind up the relation in Octavo, and give it you in short.
+
+We had a blowing and dangerous passage of it, and for some dayes after
+I arrived, I was an absolute _Copernicus_, it being one main point
+of my moral Creed, to believe the World had a pair of long legs, and
+walked with the burthen of the Creation upon her back. For to tell
+you the very truth of it, for some dayes upon Land, after so long
+and tossing a passage, I was so giddy that I could hardly tread an
+even step; so that all things both above and below (that was in view)
+appeared to me like the _Kentish Britains_ to _William the Conqueror_,
+in a moving posture.
+
+Those few number of weeks since my arrival, has given me but little
+experience to write any thing large of the Country; only thus much
+I can say, and that not from any imaginary conjectures, but from an
+occular observation, That this Country of _Mary-Land_ abounds in a
+flourishing variety of delightful Woods, {94} pleasant groves, lovely
+Springs, together with spacious Navigable Rivers and Creeks, it being
+a most helthful and pleasant situation, so far as my knowledge has yet
+had any view in it.
+
+Herds of Deer are as numerous in this Province of _Mary-Land_, as
+Cuckolds can be in _London_, only their horns are not so well drest and
+tipt with silver as theirs are.
+
+Here if the Devil had such a Vagary in his head as he had once among
+the _Gadareans_, he might drown a thousand head of Hogs and they’d
+ne’re be miss’d, for the very Woods of this Province swarms with them.
+
+The Christian Inhabitant of this Province, as to the general, lives
+wonderful well and contented: The Government of this Province is by
+the loyalness of the people, and loving demeanor of the Proprietor and
+Governor of the same, kept in a continued peace and unity.
+
+The Servant of this Province, which are stigmatiz’d for Slaves by the
+clappermouth jaws of the vulgar in _England_, live more like Freemen
+then the most Mechanick Apprentices in _London_, wanting for nothing
+that is convenient and necessary, and according to their several
+capacities, are extraordinary well used and respected. So leaving
+things here as I found them, and lest I should commit Sacriledge upon
+your more serious meditations, with the Tautologies of a long-winded
+Letter, I’le subscribe with a {95} heavenly Ejaculation to the God of
+Mercy to preserve you now and for evermore, _Amen_.
+
+ _Your Obedient Son_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, _Jan._ 17. _Anno_
+
+
+_To my much Honored Friend_ Mr. M. F.
+
+SIR,
+
+You writ to me when I was at _Gravesend_, (but I had no conveniency to
+send you an answer till now) enjoyning me, if possible, to give you a
+just Information by my diligent observance, what thing were best and
+most profitable to send into this Country for a commodious Trafique.
+
+_Sir_, The enclosed will demonstrate unto you both particularly and at
+large, to the full satisfaction of your desire, it being an Invoyce
+drawn as exact to the business you imployed me upon, as my weak
+capacity could extend to.
+
+_Sir_, If you send any Adventure to this Province, let me beg to give
+you this advice in it; That the Factor whom you imploy be a man of a
+Brain, otherwise the Planter will go near to make a Skimming-dish of
+his Skull: I know your Genius can interpret my meaning. The people of
+this place (whether the saltness of the Ocean gave them any alteration
+when they went over first, or their continual dwelling under {96} the
+remote Clyme where they now inhabit, I know not) are a more acute
+people in general, in matters of Trade and Commerce, then in any other
+place of the World (see note No. 60), and by their crafty and sure
+bargaining, do often over-reach the raw and unexperienced Merchant. To
+be short, he that undertakes Merchants imployment for _Mary-Land_, must
+have more of Knave in him then Fool; he must not be a windling piece
+of Formality, that will lose his Imployers Goods for Conscience sake;
+nor a flashy piece of Prodigality, that will give his Merchants fine
+Hollands, Laces, and Silks, to purchase the benevolence of a Female:
+But he must be a man of solid confidence, carrying alwayes in his looks
+the Effigies of an Execution upon Command, if he supposes a baffle or
+denyal of payment, where a debt for his Imployer is legally due. (See
+note No. 61).
+
+_Sir_, I had like almost to forgot to tell you in what part of the
+World I am: I dwell by providence Servant to Mr. _Thomas Stocket_
+(see note No. 62), in the County of _Baltemore_, within the Province
+of _Mary-Land_, under the Government of the Lord _Baltemore_, being a
+Country abounding with the variety and diversity of all that is or may
+be rare. But lest I should Tantalize you with a relation of that which
+is very unlikely of your enjoying, by reason of that strong Antipathy
+you have ever had ’gainst Travel, as to your own particular: I’le
+only tell you, that _Mary-Land_ is seated within the large extending
+armes {97} of _America_, between the Degrees of 36 and 38, being in
+Longitude from _England_ eleven hundred and odd Leagues.
+
+ Vale.
+
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, _Jan._ 17. _Anno_
+
+
+_To my Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B. _at his House_.
+
+SIR,
+
+Yours I received, wherein I find my self much obliged to you for your
+good opinion of me, I return you millions of thanks.
+
+_Sir_, you wish me well, and I pray God as well that those wishes may
+light upon me, and then I question not but all will do well. Those
+Pictures you sent sewed up in a Pastboard, with a Letter tacked on the
+outside, you make no mention at all what should be done with them:
+If they are Saints, unless I knew their names, I could make no use
+of them. Pray in your next let me know what they are, for my fingers
+itch to be doing with them one way or another. Our Government here
+hath had a small fit of a Rebellious Quotidian, (see note No. 63), but
+five Grains of the powder of Subvertment has qualified it. Pray be
+larger in your next how things stand in _England_: I understand His
+Majesty is return’d with Honour, and seated in the hereditary Throne
+of his Father; God {98} bless him from Traytors, and the Church from
+Sacrilegious Schisms, and you as a loyal Subject to the one, and a true
+Member to the other; while you so continue, the God of order, peace and
+tranquility, bless and preserve you, _Amen_.
+
+ _Vale._
+
+ _Your real Friend_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, Febr. 20. _Anno_
+
+
+_To my Honored Father at his House._
+
+SIR,
+
+VVith a twofold unmeasurable joy I received your Letter: First, in
+the consideration of Gods great Mercy to you in particular, (though
+weak and aged) yet to give you dayes among the living. Next, that his
+now most Excellent Majesty _Charles_ the Second, is by the omnipotent
+Providence of God, seated in the Throne of his Father. I hope that God
+has placed him there, will give him a heart to praise and magnifie his
+name for ever, and a hand of just Revenge, to punish the murthering
+and rebellious Outrages of those Sons of shame and Apostacy, that
+Usurped the Throne of his Sacred Honour. Near about the time I received
+your Letter, (or a little before) here sprang up in this Province of
+_Mary-Land_ a kind of pigmie Rebellion: A company of {99} weak-witted
+men, which thought to have traced the steps of _Oliver_ in Rebellion
+(see note No. 63). They began to be mighty stiff and hidebound in their
+proceedings, clothing themselves with the flashy pretences of future
+and imaginary honour, and (had they not been suddenly quell’d) they
+might have done so much mischief (for aught I know) that nothing but
+utter ruine could have ransomed their headlong follies.
+
+His Majesty appearing in _England_, he quickly (by the splendor of his
+Rayes) thawed the stiffness of their frozen and slippery intentions.
+All things (blessed be God for it) are at peace and unity here now: And
+as _Luther_ being asked once, What he thought of some small Opinions
+that started up in his time? answered, _That he thought them to be good
+honest people, exempting their error_: So I judge of these men, That
+their thoughts were not so bad at first, as their actions would have
+led them into in process of time.
+
+I have here enclosed sent you something written in haste upon the
+Kings coming to the enjoyment of his Throne, with a reflection upon
+the former sad and bad times; I have done them as well as I could,
+considering all things: If they are not so well as they should be, all
+I can do is to wish them better for your sakes. My Obedience to you and
+my Mother alwayes devoted.
+
+ _Your Son_
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, Febr. 9. _Anno_
+
+{100}
+
+
+_To my Cosen_ Mris. Ellinor Evins.
+
+    E’ _re I forget the Zenith of your Love,_
+    L  _et me be banisht from the Thrones above;_
+    L  _ight let me never see, when I grow rude,_
+    I  _ntomb your Love in base Ingratitude:_
+    N  _or may I prosper, but the state_
+    O  _f gaping_ Tantalus _be my fate;_
+    R  _ather then I should thus preposterous grow,_
+    E  _arth would condemn me to her vaults below._
+    V  _ertuous and Noble, could my Genius raise_
+    I  _mmortal Anthems to your Vestal praise,_
+    N  _one should be more laborious than I,_
+    S  _aint-like to Canonize you to the Sky._
+
+The Antimonial Cup (dear Cosen) you sent me, I had; and as soon as
+I received it, I went to work with the Infirmities and Diseases of
+my body. At the first draught, it made such havock among the several
+humors that had stolen into my body, that like a Conjurer in a room
+among a company of little Devils, they no sooner hear him begin to
+speak high words, but away they pack, and happy is he that can get
+out first, some up the Chimney, and the rest down stairs, till they
+are all disperst. So those malignant humors of my body, feeling the
+operative power, and medicinal virtue of this Cup, were so amazed at
+their sudden surprizal, (being alwayes before battered only by the weak
+assaults of some few Empyricks) they stood not long to dispute, but
+with joynt consent {101} made their retreat, some running through the
+sink of the Skullery, the rest climbing up my ribs, took my mouth for a
+Garret-window, and so leapt out.
+
+_Cosen_, For this great kindness of yours, in sending me this medicinal
+vertue, I return you my thanks: It came in a very good time, when I
+was dangerously sick, and by the assistance of God it hath perfectly
+recovered me.
+
+I have sent you here a few Furrs, they were all I could get at present,
+I humbly beg your acceptance of them, as a pledge of my love and
+thankfulness unto you; I subscribe,
+
+ _Your loving Cosen_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary Land_, _Dec._ 9. _Anno_
+
+
+_To My Brother_ P. A.
+
+BROTHER,
+
+I have made a shift to unloose my self from my Collar now as well as
+you, but I see at present either small pleasure or profit in it: What
+the futurality of my dayes will bring forth, I know not; For while I
+was linckt with the Chain of a restraining Servitude, I had all things
+cared for, and now I have all things to care for my self, which makes
+me almost to wish my self in for the other four years.
+
+Liberty without money, is like a man opprest with the Gout, every step
+he puts forward puts him to {102} pain; when on the other side, he
+that has Coyn with his Liberty, is like the swift Post-Messenger of the
+Gods, that wears wings at his heels, his motion being swift or slow, as
+he pleaseth.
+
+I received this year two Caps, the one white, of an honest plain
+countenance, the other purple, which I conceive to be some antient
+Monumental Relique; which of them you sent I know not, and it was a
+wonder how I should, for there was no mention in the Letter, more then,
+_that my Brother had sent me a Cap_: They were delivered me in the
+company of some Gentlemen that ingaged me to write a few lines upon the
+purple one, and because they were my Friends I could not deny them; and
+here I present them to you as they were written.
+
+    _Haile from the dead, or from Eternity,_
+    _Thou Velvit Relique of Antiquity;_
+    _Thou which appear’st here in thy purple hew,_
+    _Tell’s how the dead within their Tombs do doe;_
+    _How those Ghosts fare within each Marble Cell,_
+    _Where amongst them for Ages thou didst dwell._
+    _What Brain didst cover there? tell us that we_
+    _Upon our knees vayle Hats to honour thee:_
+    _And if no honour’s due, tell us whose pate_
+    _Thou basely coveredst, and we’l joyntly hate:_
+    _Let’s know his name, that we may shew neglect;_
+    _If otherwise, we’l kiss thee with respect._
+    _Say, didst thou cover Noll’s old brazen head,_
+    _Which on the top of Westminster high Lead_ {103}
+    _Stands on a Pole, erected to the sky,_
+    _As a grand Trophy to his memory._
+    _From his perfidious skull didst thou fall down,_
+    _In a dis-dain to honour such a crown_
+    _With three-pile Velvet? tell me, hadst thou thy fall_
+    _From the high top of that Cathedral?_
+    _None of the_ Heroes _of the_ Roman _stem,_
+    _Wore ever such a fashion’d Diadem,_
+    _Didst thou speak_ Turkish _in thy unknown dress,_
+    _Thou’dst cover_ Great Mogull, _and no man less;_
+    _But in thy make methinks thou’rt too too scant,_
+    _To be so great a Monarch’s Turberant._
+    _The_ Jews _by_ Moses _swear, they never knew_
+    _E’re such a Cap drest up in_ Hebrew:
+    _Nor the strict Order of the_ Romish _See,_
+    _Wears any Cap that looks so base as thee;_
+    _His Holiness hates thy Lowness, and instead,_
+    _Wears Peters spired Steeple on his head:_
+    _The Cardinals descent is much more flat,_
+    _For want of name, baptized is_ A Hat;
+    _Through each strict Order has my fancy ran,_
+    _Both_ Ambrose, Austin, _and the_ Franciscan,
+    _Where I beheld rich Images of the dead,_
+    _Yet scarce had one a Cap upon his head:_
+     Episcopacy _wears Caps, but not like thee,_
+    _Though several shap’d, with much diversity:_
+    _’Twere best I think I presently should gang_
+    _To_ Edenburghs _strict_ Presbyterian;
+    _But Caps they’ve none, their ears being made so large,_
+    _Serves them to turn it like a_ Garnesey _Barge;_
+    _Those keep their skulls warm against North-west gusts,_
+    _When they in Pulpit do poor_ Calvin _curse._ {104}
+    _Thou art not_ Fortunatus, _for I daily see,_
+    _That which I wish is farthest off from me:_
+    _Thy low-built state none ever did advance,_
+    _To christen thee the_ Cap of Maintenance;
+    _Then till I know from whence thou didst derive,_
+    _Thou shalt be call’d, the_ Cap of Fugitive.
+
+You writ to me this year to send you some Smoak; at that instant it
+made me wonder that a man of a rational Soul, having both his eyes
+(blessed be God) should make so unreasonable a demand, when he that
+has but one eye, nay he which has never a one, and is fain to make use
+of an Animal conductive for his optick guidance, cannot endure the
+prejudice that Smoak brings with it: But since you are resolv’d upon
+it, I’le dispute it no farther.
+
+I have sent you that which will make Smoak, (namely Tobacco) though the
+Funk it self is so slippery that I could not send it, yet I have sent
+you the Substance from whence the Smoak derives: What use you imploy it
+to I know not, nor will I be too importunate to know; yet let me tell
+you this, That if you burn it in a room to affright the Devil from the
+house, you need not fear but it will work the same effect, as _Tobyes_
+galls did upon the leacherous Fiend.   No more at present.   _Vale._
+
+ _Your Brother_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, _Dec._ 11. _Anno_
+
+{105}
+
+
+_To my Honored Friend_ Mr. T. B.
+
+SIR,
+
+This is the entrance upon my fifth year, and I fear ’twill prove
+the worst: I have been very much troubled with a throng of unruly
+Distempers, that have (contrary to my expectation) crouded into the
+Main-guard of my body, when the drowsie Sentinels of my brain were a
+sleep. Where they got in I know not, but to my grief and terror I find
+them predominant: Yet as Doctor _Dunne_, sometimes Dean of St. _Pauls,
+said, That the bodies diseases do but mellow a man for Heaven, and so
+ferments him in this World, as he shall need no long concoction in
+the Grave, but hasten to the Resurrection_. And if this were weighed
+seriously in the Ballance of Religious Reason, the World we dwell in
+would not seem so inticing and bewitching as it doth.
+
+We are only sent by God of an Errand into this World, and the time
+that’s allotted us for to stay, is only for an Answer. When God my
+great Master shall in good earnest call me home, which these warnings
+tell me I have not long to stay, I hope then I shall be able to give
+him a good account of my Message.
+
+_Sir_, My weakness gives a stop to my writing, my hand being so
+shakingly feeble, that I can hardly hold my pen any further then to
+tell you, I am yours {106} while I live, which I believe will be but
+some few minutes.
+
+If this Letter come to you before I’me dead, pray for me, but if I am
+gone, pray howsoever, for they can do me no harm if they come after me.
+
+ _Vale._
+
+ _Your real Friend_,
+ G. A.
+
+ From _Mary-Land_, Dec. 13. _Anno_
+
+
+_To my Parents._
+
+From the Grave or Receptacle of Death am I raised, and by an omnipotent
+power made capable of offering once more my Obedience (that lies close
+cabbined in the inwardmost apartment of my Soul) at the feet of your
+immutable Loves.
+
+My good Parents, God hath done marvellous things for me, far beyond
+my deserts, which at best were preposterously sinful, and unsuitable
+to the sacred will of an Almighty: _But he is merciful, and his mercy
+endures for ever._ When sinful man has by his Evils and Iniquities
+pull’d some penetrating Judgment upon his head, and finding himself
+immediately not able to stand under so great a burthen as Gods smallest
+stroke of Justice, lowers the Top-gallant sayle of his Pride, and
+with an humble submissiveness prostrates himself before the Throne
+of his sacred Mercy, and {107} like those three Lepars that sate at
+the Gate of _Samaria_, resolved, _If we go into the City we shall
+perish, and if we stay here we shall perish also: Therefore we will
+throw our selves into the hands of the_ Assyrians _and if we perish,
+we perish_: This was just my condition as to eternal state; my soul
+was at a stand in this black storm of affliction: I view’d the World,
+and all that’s pleasure in her, and found her altogether flashy,
+aiery, and full of notional pretensions, and not one firm place where
+a distressed Soul could hang his trust on. Next I viewed my self, and
+there I found, instead of good Works, lively Faith, and Charity, a
+most horrid neast of condemned Evils, bearing a supreme Prerogative
+over my internal faculties. You’l say here was little hope of rest in
+this extreme Eclipse, being in a desperate amaze to see my estate so
+deplorable: My better Angel urged me to deliver up my aggrievances to
+the Bench of Gods Mercy, the sure support of all distressed Souls: His
+Heavenly warning, and inward whispers of the good Spirit I was resolv’d
+to entertain, and not quench, and throw my self into the armes of a
+loving God, _If I perish, I perish_. ’Tis beyond wonder to think of the
+love of God extended to sinful man, that in the deepest distresses or
+agonies of Affliction, when all other things prove rather hinderances
+then advantages, even at that time God is ready and steps forth to the
+supportment of his drooping Spirit. Truly, about a fortnight before I
+wrote this Letter, two of our ablest Physicians {108} rendered me up
+into the hands of God, the universal Doctor of the whole World, and
+subscribed with a silent acknowledgement, That all their Arts, screw’d
+up to the very Zenith of Scholastique perfection, were not capable of
+keeping me from the Grave at that time: But God, the great preserver
+of Soul and Body, said contrary to the expectation of humane reason,
+_Arise, take up thy bed and walk_.
+
+I am now (through the help of my Maker) creeping up to my former
+strength and vigour, and every day I live, I hope I shall, through the
+assistance of divine Grace, climbe nearer and nearer to my eternal home.
+
+I have received this year three Letters from you, one by Capt. _Conway_
+Commander of the _Wheat-Sheaf_, the others by a _Bristol_ Ship. Having
+no more at present to trouble you with, but expecting your promise, I
+remain as ever,
+
+ _Your dutiful Son_,
+ G. A.
+
+ _Mary-Land_, _April_ 9. _Anno_
+
+I desire my hearty love may be remembered to my Brother, and the rest
+of my Kinred.
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+{109}
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+_Note_ 1, _page_ 15.
+
+After having resolved to reprint Alsop’s early account of Maryland,
+as an addition to my _Bibliotheca Americana_, I immediately fell in
+with a difficulty which I had not counted on. After much inquiry and
+investigation, I could find no copy to print from among all my earnest
+book collecting acquaintances. At length some one informed me that
+Mr. Bancroft the historian had a copy in his library. I immediately
+took the liberty of calling on him and making known my wants, he
+generously offered to let me have the use of it for the purpose stated,
+I carried the book home, had it carefully copied, but unfortunately
+during the process I discovered the text was imperfect as well as
+deficient in both portrait and map. Like Sisyphus I had to begin
+anew, and do nearly all my labor over; I sent to London to learn if
+the functionaries in the British Museum would permit a tracing of the
+portrait and map to be made from their copy, the answer returned was,
+that they would or could not permit this, but I might perfect my text
+if I so choosed by copying from theirs. Here I was once more at sea
+without compass, rudder, or chart: I made known my condition to an
+eminent and judicious collector of old American literature in the city
+of New York, he very frankly informed me that he could aid me in my
+difficulty by letting me have the use of a copy, which would relieve
+me from my present dilemma. I was greatly rejoiced at this discovery
+as well as by the generosity of the owner. The following day the
+book was put into my possession, and so by the aid of it was enabled
+to complete the text. Here another difficulty burst into view, this
+copy had no portrait. That being the only defect in perfecting a copy
+of Alsop’s book, I now resolved to proceed and publish it without a
+portrait, but perhaps fortunately, making known this resolve to some
+of the knowing ones in book gathering, they remonstrated against this
+course, adding that it would ruin the book in the estimation of all
+who would buy such a rarity. I was inclined to listen favorably to
+this protest, and therefore had to commence a new effort to obtain a
+portrait. I then laid about me again to try and procure a copy that
+had one: I knew that not more than three or four collectors in the
+country who were likely to have such an heir-loom. To one living at a
+considerable distance from New York I took the liberty of addressing
+a letter on the subject, wherein I made known my difficulties. To my
+great gratification this courteous and confiding gentleman not only
+immediately made answer, but sent a perfect copy of this rare and much
+wanted book for my use. I immediately had the {110} portrait and map
+reproduced by the photo-lithographic process. During the time the book
+was in my possession, which was about ten days, so fearful was I that
+any harm should befall it that I took the precaution to wrap up the
+precious little volume in tissue paper and carry it about with me all
+the time in my side pocket, well knowing that if it was either injured
+or lost I could not replace it. I understand that a perfect copy of the
+original in the London market would bring fifty pounds sterling. I had
+the satisfaction to learn it reached the generous owner in safety.
+
+Had I known the difficulties I had to encounter of procuring a copy of
+the original of Alsop’s singular performance, I most certainly would
+never have undertaken to reproduce it in America. Mr. Jared Sparks told
+me that he had a like difficulty to encounter when he undertook to
+write the life of Ledyard the traveler. Said he: “a copy of his journal
+I could find nowhere to purchase, at length I was compelled to borrow
+a copy on very humiliating conditions; the owner perhaps valued it too
+highly.” I may add that I had nearly as much difficulty in securing an
+editor, as I had in procuring a perfect copy. However on this point I
+at last was very fortunate.
+
+ WILLIAM GOWANS.
+
+ 115 Nassau street, March 23d, 1869.
+
+
+_Note_ 2, _page_ 19.
+
+Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, eldest son of George Calvert, 1st Lord
+Baltimore, and Anne Wynne of Hertingfordbury, England, was born in
+1606. He succeeded to the title April 15, 1632, and married Anne,
+daughter of Lord Arundel, whose name was given to a county in Maryland.
+His rule over Maryland, disturbed in Cromwell’s time, but restored
+under Charles II, has always been extolled. He died Nov. 30, 1675,
+covered with age and reputation.—_O’Callaghan’s N. Y. Col. Doc._, II.
+p. 74.
+
+
+_Note_ 3, _page_ 19.
+
+Avalon, the territory in Newfoundland, of which the first Lord
+Baltimore obtained a grant in 1623, derived its name from the spot in
+England where, as tradition said, Christianity was first preached by
+Joseph of Arimathea.
+
+
+_Note_ 4, _page_ 21.
+
+Owen Feltham, as our author in his errata correctly gives the name, was
+an author who enjoyed a great reputation in his day. His _Resolves_
+appeared first about 1620, and in 1696 had reached the eleventh
+edition. They were once reprinted in the 18th century, and in full
+or in part four times in the {111} 19th, and an edition appeared
+in America about 1830. Hallam in spite of this popularity calls him
+“labored, artificial and shallow.”
+
+
+_Note_ 5, _page_ 24.
+
+Burning on the hand was not so much a punishment as a mark on those
+who, convicted of felony, pleaded the benefit of clergy, which they
+were allowed to do once only.
+
+
+_Note_ 6, _page_ 25.
+
+Literally: “Good wine needs no sign.”
+
+
+_Note_ 7, _page_ 26.
+
+Billingsgate is the great fish market of London, and the scurrilous
+tongues of the fish women have made the word synonymous with vulgar
+abuse.
+
+
+_Note_ 8, _page_ 28.
+
+Alsop though cautiously avoiding Maryland politics, omits no fling at
+the Puritans. Pride was a parliament colonel famous for _Pride’s Purge_.
+
+
+_Notes_ 9, 10, _pages_ 31, 33.
+
+William Bogherst, and H. W., Master of Arts, have eluded all our
+efforts to immortalize them.
+
+
+_Note_ 11, _page_ 35.
+
+Chesapeake is said to be K’tchisipik, Great Water, in Algonquin.
+
+
+_Note_ 12, _page_ 38.
+
+Less bombast and some details as to the botany of Maryland would have
+been preferable.
+
+
+_Note_ 13, _page_ 39.
+
+The American deer (_Cariacus Virginianus_) is here evidently meant.
+{112}
+
+
+_Note_ 14, _page_ 39.
+
+Whetston’s (Whetstone) park: “A dilapidated street in Lincoln’s Inn
+Fields, at the back of Holborn. It contains scarcely anything but
+old, half-tumble down houses; not a living plant of any kind adorns
+its nakedness, so it is presumable that as a park it never had an
+existence, or one so remote that even tradition has lost sight of the
+fact.”
+
+
+_Note_ 15, _page_ 39.
+
+The animals here mentioned are the black wolf (_canis occidentalis_),
+the black bear, the panther (_felis concolor_).
+
+
+_Note_ 16, _page_ 40.
+
+These animals are well known, the elk (_alces Americanus_), cat o’ the
+mountain or catamount (_felis concolor_), raccoon (_procyon lotor_),
+fox (_vulpes fulvus_), beaver (_castor fiber_), otter (_lutra_),
+opossum (_didelphys Virginiana_), hare, squirrel, musk-rat (_fiber
+zibethicus_). The monack is apparently the Maryland marmot or woodchuck
+(_arctomys monax_).
+
+
+_Note_ 17, _page_ 40.
+
+The domestic animals came chiefly from Virginia. As early as May 27,
+1634, they got 100 swine from Accomac, with 30 cows, and they expected
+goats and hens (_Relation of Maryland_, 1634). Horses and sheep had
+to be imported from England, Virginia being unable to give any. Yet
+in 1679 Dankers and Sluyters, the Labadists, say: “Sheep they have
+none.”—_Collections Long Island Hist. Soc._, I, p. 218.
+
+
+_Note_ 18, _page_ 41.
+
+Alluding to the herds of swine kept by the Gadarenes, into one of which
+the Saviour allowed the devil named Legion to enter.
+
+
+_Note_ 19, _page_ 42.
+
+The abundance of these birds is mentioned in the _Relations of
+Maryland_, 1634, p. 22, and 1635, p. 23. The Labadists with whose
+travels the Hon. {113} H. C. Murphy has enriched our literature,
+found the geese in 1679–80 so plentiful and noisy as to prevent their
+sleeping, and the ducks filling the sky like a cloud.—_Long Island
+Hist. Coll._, I, pp. 195, 204.
+
+
+_Note_ 20, _page_ 43.
+
+Alsop makes no allusion to the cultivation of maize, yet the Labadists
+less than twenty years after describe it at length as the principal
+grain crop of Maryland.—_Ib._, p. 216.
+
+
+_Note_ 21, _page_ 45.
+
+Considering the facts of history, this picture is sadly overdrawn,
+Maryland having had its full share of civil war.
+
+
+_Note_ 22, _page_ 46.
+
+The fifth monarchy men were a set of religionists who arose during the
+Puritan rule in England. They believed in a fifth universal monarchy of
+which Christ was to be the head, under whom they, his saints, were to
+possess the earth. In 1660 they caused an outbreak in London, in which
+many were killed and others tried and executed. Their leader was one
+Venner. The Adamites, a gnostic sect, who pretended that regenerated
+man should go naked like Adam and Eve in their state of innocence,
+were revived during the Puritan rule in England; and in our time in
+December, 1867, we have seen the same theory held and practiced in
+Newark, N. J.
+
+
+_Note_ 23, _page_ 46.
+
+In the provisional act, passed in the first assembly, March 19, 1638,
+and entitled “An Act ordaining certain laws for the government of this
+province,” the twelfth section required that “every person planting
+tobacco shall plant and tend two acres of corn.” A special act was
+introduced the same session and read twice, but not passed. A new
+law was passed, however, Oct. 23, 1640, renewed Aug. 1, 1642, April
+21, 1649, Oct. 20, 1654, April 12, 1662, and made perpetual in 1676.
+These acts imposed a fine of fifty pounds of tobacco for every half
+acre the offender fell short, besides fifty pounds of the same current
+leaf as constables’ fees. It was to this persistent enforcement of the
+cultivation of cereals that Maryland so soon became the granary of New
+England. {114}
+
+
+_Note_ 24, _page_ 47.
+
+The Assembly, or House of Burgesses, at first consisted of all freemen,
+but they gradually gave place to delegates. The influence of the
+proprietary, however, decided the selection. In 1650 fourteen burgesses
+met as delegates or representatives of the several hundreds, there
+being but two counties organized, St. Marys and the Isle of Kent. Ann
+Arundel, called at times Providence county, was erected April 29,
+1650. Patuxent was erected under Cromwell in 1654.—_Bacon’s Laws of
+Maryland_, 1765.
+
+
+_Note_ 25, _page_ 47.
+
+Things had changed when the _Sot Weed Factor_ appeared, as the author
+of that satirical poem dilates on the litigious character of the people.
+
+
+_Note_ 26, _page_ 47.
+
+The allusion here I have been unable to discover.
+
+
+_Note_ 27, _page_ 48.
+
+The colony seems to have justified some of this eulogy by its good
+order, which is the more remarkable, considering the height of party
+feeling.
+
+
+_Note_ 28, _page_ 48.
+
+Halberdeers; the halberd was smaller than the partisan, with a sharp
+pointed blade, with a point on one side like a pole-axe.
+
+
+_Note_ 29, _page_ 49.
+
+Newgate, Ludgate and Bridewell are the well known London prisons.
+
+
+_Note_ 30, _page_ 50.
+
+Our author evidently failed from this cause. {115}
+
+
+_Note_ 31, _page_ 50.
+
+A fling at the various Puritan schools, then active at home and abroad.
+
+
+_Note_ 32, _page_ 50.
+
+The first Quakers in Maryland were Elizabeth Harris, Josiah Cole, and
+Thomas Thurston, who visited it in 1657, but as early as July 23, 1659,
+the governor and council issued an order to seize any Quakers and whip
+them from constable to constable out of the province. Yet in spite of
+this they had settled meetings as early as 1661, and Peter Sharpe, the
+Quaker physician, appears as a landholder in 1665, the very year of
+Alsop’s publication.—_Norris, Early Friends or Quakers in Maryland_
+(Maryland Hist. Soc., March, 1862).
+
+
+_Note_ 33, _page_ 50.
+
+The Baptists centering in Rhode Island, extended across Long Island
+to New Jersey, and thence to New York city; but at this time had not
+reached the south.
+
+
+_Note_ 34, _page_ 56.
+
+A copy of the usual articles is given in the introduction. Alsop here
+refutes current charges against the Marylanders for their treatment
+of servants. Hammond, in his _Leah and Rachel_, p. 12, says: “The
+labour servants are put to is not so hard, nor of such continuance as
+husbandmen nor handecraftmen are kept at in England. . . . . The women
+are not (as is reported) put into the ground to worke, but occupie such
+domestic imployments and housewifery as in England.”
+
+
+_Note_ 35, _page_ 59.
+
+Laws as to the treatment of servants were passed in the Provisional act
+of 1638, and at many subsequent assemblies.
+
+
+_Notes_ 36, 37, _pages_ 59, 61.
+
+Lewknors lane or Charles street was in Drury lane, in the parish of St.
+Giles.—_Seymour’s History of London_, II, p. 767. Finsbury is still a
+well known quarter, in St. Luke’s parish, Middlesex. {116}
+
+
+_Note_ 38, _page_ 65.
+
+Nicholas Culpepper, “student in physic and astrology,” whose _English
+Physician_, published in 1652, ran through many editions, and is still
+a book published and sold.
+
+
+_Note_ 39, _page_ 65.
+
+Dogs dung, used in dressing morocco, is euphemized into _album græcum_,
+and is also called _pure_; those who gather it being still styled in
+England pure-finders.—_Mayhew, London Labor and London Poor_, II, p.
+158.
+
+
+_Note_ 40, _page_ 65.
+
+He has not mentioned tobacco as a crop, but describes it fully a few
+pages after. In Maryland as in Virginia it was the currency. Thus
+in 1638 an act authorized the erection of a water-mill to supersede
+hand-mills for grinding grain, and the cost was limited to 20,000 lbs.
+of tobacco.—_McSherry’s History of Maryland_, p. 56. The Labadists in
+their _Travels_ (p. 216) describe the cultivation at length. Tobacco at
+this time paid two shillings English a cask export duty in Maryland,
+and two-pence a pound duty on its arrival in England, besides weighing
+and other fees.
+
+
+_Note_ 41, _page_ 66.
+
+The Parson of Pancras is unknown to me: but the class he represents is
+certainly large.
+
+
+_Note_ 42, _page_ 66.
+
+The buffalo was not mentioned in the former list, and cannot be
+considered as synonymous with elk.
+
+
+_Note_ 43, _page_ 67.
+
+For satisfactory and correct information of the present commerce and
+condition of Maryland, the reader is referred to the _Census of the
+United States_ in 4 vols., 4to, published at Washington, 1865. {117}
+
+
+_Note_ 44, _page_ 69.
+
+This is a curious observation as to New England trade. A century
+later Hutchinson represents Massachusetts as receiving Maryland
+flour from the Pennsylvania mills, and paying in money and bills of
+exchange.—_Hist. of Massachusetts_, p. II, 397.
+
+
+_Note_ 45, _page_ 69.
+
+The trade with Barbadoes, now insignificant, was in our colonial times
+of great importance to all the colonies. Barbadoes is densely peopled
+and thoroughly cultivated; its imports and exports are each about five
+millions of dollars annually.
+
+
+_Note_ 46, _page_ 71.
+
+The Susquehannas. This _Relation_ is one of the most valuable
+portions of Alsop’s tract, as no other Maryland document gives as
+much concerning this tribe, which nevertheless figures extensively in
+Maryland annals. Dutch and Swedish writers speak of a tribe called
+Minquas (Minquosy, Machœretini in _De Laet_, p. 76); the French in
+Canada (_Champlain_, the _Jesuit Relations, Gendron, Particularitez
+du Pays des Hurons_, p. 7, etc.), make frequent allusion to the
+Gandastogués (more briefly Andastés), a tribe friendly to their
+allies the Hurons, and sturdy enemies of the Iroquois; later still
+Pennsylvania writers speak of the Conestogas, the tribe to which Logan
+belonged, and the tribe which perished at the hands of the Paxton boys.
+Although Gallatin in his map, followed by Bancroft, placed the Andastés
+near Lake Erie, my researches led me to correct this, and identify the
+Susquehannas, Minqua, Andastés or Gandastogués and Conestogas as being
+all the same tribe, the first name being apparently an appellation
+given them by the Virginia tribes; the second that given them by
+the Algonquins on the Delaware; while Gandastogué as the French, or
+Conestoga as the English wrote it, was their own tribal name, meaning
+cabin-pole men, _Natio Perticarum_, from Andasta, a cabin-pole (map in
+Creuxius, _Historia Canadensis_). I forwarded a paper on the subject
+to Mr. Schoolcraft, for insertion in the government work issuing under
+his supervision. It was inserted in the last volume without my name,
+and ostensibly as Mr. Schoolcraft’s. I then gave it with my name in the
+_Historical Magazine_, vol. II, p. 294. The result arrived at there has
+been accepted by Bancroft, in his large paper edition, by Parkman, in
+his _Jesuits in the Wilderness_, by Dr. O’Callaghan, S. F. Streeter,
+Esq., of the Maryland Historical Society, and students generally. {118}
+
+
+From the Virginian, Dutch, Swedish and French authorities, we can thus
+give their history briefly.
+
+The territory now called Canada, and most of the northern portion
+of the United States, from Lake Superior and the Mississippi to the
+mouth of the St. Lawrence and Chesapeake bay were, when discovered
+by Europeans, occupied by two families of tribes, the Algonquin and
+the Huron Iroquois. The former which included all the New England
+tribes, the Micmacs, Mohegans, Delawares, Illinois, Chippewas, Ottawas,
+Pottawatamies, Sacs, Foxes, Miamis, and many of the Maryland and
+Virginian tribes surrounded the more powerful and civilized tribes
+who have been called Huron Iroquois, from the names of the two most
+powerful nations of the group, the Hurons or Wyandots of Upper Canada,
+and the Iroquois or Five Nations of New York. Besides these the
+group included the Neuters on the Niagara, the Dinondadies in Upper
+Canada, the Eries south of the lake of that name, the Andastogués or
+Susquehannas on that river, the Nottaways and some other Virginian
+tribes, and finally the Tuscaroras in North Carolina and perhaps the
+Cherokees, whose language presents many striking points of similarity.
+
+Both these groups of tribes claimed a western origin, and seem, in
+their progress east, to have driven out of Ohio the Quappas, called by
+the Algonquins, Alkansas or Allegewi, who retreated down the Ohio and
+Mississippi to the district which has preserved the name given them by
+the Algonquins.
+
+After planting themselves on the Atlantic border, the various tribes
+seem to have soon divided and become embroiled in war. The Iroquois,
+at first inferior to the Algonquins were driven out of the valley
+of the St. Lawrence into the lake region of New York, where by
+greater cultivation, valor and union they soon became superior to the
+Algonquins of Canada and New York, as the Susquehannas who settled
+on the Susquehanna did over the tribes in New Jersey, Maryland and
+Virginia. (_Du Ponceau’s Campanius_, p. 158.) Prior to 1600 the
+Susquehannas and the Mohawks, the most eastern Iroquois tribe, came
+into collision, and the Susquehannas nearly exterminated the Mohawks in
+a war which lasted ten years. (_Relation de la Nouv. France_, 1659–60,
+p. 28.)
+
+In 1608 Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake and its tributaries,
+met a party of sixty of these Sasquesahanocks as he calls them (I, p.
+120–1), and he states that they were still at war with the Massawomekes
+or Mohawks. (_De Laet Novus Orbis_, p. 79.)
+
+DeVries, in his _Voyages_ (Murphy’s translation, p. 41–3), found
+them in 1633 at war with the Armewamen and Sankiekans, Algonquin
+tribes on the Delaware, maintaining their supremacy by butchery. They
+were friendly to the Dutch. When the Swedes in 1638 settled on the
+Delaware, they renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the Dutch.
+They purchased lands of the ruling tribe and thus secured their
+friendship. (_Hazard’s Annals_, p. 48). They carried the terror of
+their arms southward also, and {119} in 1634 to 1644 they waged war
+on the Yaomacoes, the Piscataways and Patuxents (_Bozman’s Maryland_,
+II. p. 161), and were so troublesome that in 1642 Governor Calvert, by
+proclamation, declared them public enemies.
+
+When the Hurons in Upper Canada in 1647 began to sink under the
+fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehannas sent an
+embassy to offer them aid against the common enemy. (_Gendron,
+Quelques Particularitez du Pays des Hurons_, p. 7). Nor was the offer
+one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put in the field
+1,300 warriors (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1647–8, p. 58)
+trained to the use of fire arms and European modes of war by three
+Swedish soldiers whom they had obtained to instruct them. (_Proud’s
+Pennsylvania_, I, p. 111; _Bozman’s Maryland_, II, p. 273.) Before
+interposing in the war, they began by negotiation, and sent an embassy
+to Onondaga to urge the cantons to peace. (_Relation_, 1648, p. 58).
+The Iroquois refused, and the Hurons, sunk in apathy, took no active
+steps to secure the aid of the friendly Susquehannas.
+
+That tribe, however, maintained its friendly intercourse with its
+European neighbors, and in 1652 Sawahegeh, Auroghteregh, Scarhuhadigh,
+Rutchogah and Nathheldianeh, in presence of a Swedish deputy, ceded to
+Maryland all the territory from the Patuxent river to Palmer’s island,
+and from the Choptauk to the northeast branch north of Elk river.
+(_Bozman’s Maryland_, II, p. 683).
+
+Four years later the Iroquois, grown insolent by their success in
+almost annihilating their kindred tribes north and south of Lake Erie,
+the Wyandots, Dinondadies, Neuters and Eries, provoked a war with the
+Susquehannas, plundering their hunters on Lake Ontario. (_Relation de
+la Nouvelle France_, 1657, pp. 11, 18).
+
+It was at this important period in their history that Alsop knew and
+described them to us.
+
+In 1661 the small-pox, that scourge of the native tribes, broke out
+in their town, sweeping off many and enfeebling the nation terribly.
+War had now begun in earnest with the Five Nations; and though the
+Susquehannas had some of their people killed near their town (_Hazard’s
+Annals_, 341–7), they in turn pressed the Cayugas so hard that some of
+them retreated across Lake Ontario to Canada (_Relation de la Nouvelle
+France_, 1661, p. 39, 1668, p. 20). They also kept the Senecas in such
+alarm that they no longer ventured to carry their peltries to New York,
+except in caravans escorted by six hundred men, who even took a most
+circuitous route. (_Relation_, 1661, p. 40). A law of Maryland passed
+May 1, 1661, authorized the governor to aid the Susquehannas.
+
+Smarting under constant defeat, the Five Nations solicited French
+aid (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1662–3, p. 11, 1663–4, p. 33;
+_Charlevoix_, II, p. 134), but in April, 1663, the Western cantons
+raised an army of eight hundred men to invest and storm the fort of the
+Susquehannas. They embarked on Lake Ontario, according to the French
+account, and then went overland to the Susquehanna. On reaching the
+fort, however, they found {120} it well defended on the river side,
+and on the land side with two bastions in European style with cannon
+mounted and connected by a double curtain of large trees. After some
+trifling skirmishes the Iroquois had recourse to stratagem. They sent
+in a party of twenty-five men to treat of peace and ask provisions to
+enable them to return. The Susquehannas admitted them, but immediately
+burned them all alive before the eyes of their countrymen. (_Relation
+de la Nouvelle France_, 1663, p. 10). The Pennsylvania writers,
+(_Hazard’s Annals of Pennsylvania_, p. 346) make the Iroquois force one
+thousand six hundred, and that of the Susquehannas only one hundred.
+They add that when the Iroquois retreated, the Susquehannas pursued
+them, killing ten and taking as many.
+
+After this the war was carried on in small parties, and Susquehanna
+prisoners were from time to time burned at Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and
+Cayuga (_Relations de la Nouvelle France_, 1668 to 1673), and their
+prisoners doubtless at Canoge on the Susquehanna. In the fall of 1669
+the Susquehannas, after defeating the Cayugas, offered peace, but the
+Cayugas put their ambassador and his nephew to death, after retaining
+him five or six months; the Oneidas having taken nine Susquehannas
+and sent some to Cayuga, with forty wampum belts to maintain the war.
+(_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1670, p. 68.)
+
+At this time the great war chief of the Susquehannas was one styled
+Hochitagete or Barefoot (_Relation de la Nouvelle France_, 1670, p.
+47); and raving women and crafty medicine men deluded the Iroquois
+with promises of his capture and execution at the stake (_Relation_,
+1670, p. 47), and a famous medicine man of Oneida appeared after death
+to order his body to be taken up and interred on the trail leading to
+the Susquehannas as the only means of saving that canton from ruin.
+(_Relation_, 1672, p. 20.)
+
+Towards the summer of 1672 a body of forty Cayugas descended the
+Susquehanna in canoes, and twenty Senecas went by land to attack
+the Susquehannas in their fields; but a band of sixty Andasté or
+Susquehanna boys, the oldest not over sixteen, attacked the Senecas,
+and routed them, killing one brave and taking another. Flushed with
+victory they pushed on to attack the Cayugas, and defeated them also,
+killing eight and wounding with arrow, knife and hatchet, fifteen or
+sixteen more, losing, however, fifteen or sixteen of their gallant
+band. (_Relation_, 1672, p. 24.)
+
+At this time the Susquehannas or Andastés were so reduced by war and
+pestilence that they could muster only three hundred warriors. In 1675,
+however, the Susquehannas were completely overthrown (_Etat Present_,
+1675, manuscript; _Relation_, 1676, p. 2; _Relations Inédites_, II, p.
+44; _Colden’s Five Nations_, I, p. 126), but unfortunately we have no
+details whatever as to the forces which effected it, or the time or
+manner of their utter defeat.
+
+A party of about one hundred retreated into Maryland, and occupied
+some abandoned Indian forts. Accused of the murder of some settlers,
+apparently slain by the Senecas, they sent five of their chiefs to
+the Maryland and Virginia troops, under Washington and Brent, who
+went out in {121} pursuit. Although coming as deputies, and showing
+the Baltimore medal and certificate of friendship, these chiefs were
+cruelly put to death. The enraged Susquehannas then began a terrible
+border war, which was kept till their utter destruction (S. F.
+Streeter’s Destruction of the Susquehannas, _Historical Magazine_,
+I, p. 65). The rest of the tribe, after making overtures to Lord
+Baltimore, submitted to the Five Nations, and were allowed to retain
+their ancient grounds. When Pennsylvania was settled, they became known
+as Conestogas, and were always friendly to the colonists of Penn, as
+they had been to the Dutch and Swedes. In 1701 Canoodagtoh, their king,
+made a treaty with Penn, and in the document they are styled Minquas,
+Conestogos or Susquehannas. They appear as a tribe in a treaty in 1742,
+but were dwindling away. In 1763 the feeble remnant of the tribe became
+involved in the general suspicion entertained by the colonists against
+the red men, arising out of massacres on the borders. To escape danger
+the poor creatures took refuge in Lancaster jail, and here they were
+all butchered by the Paxton boys, who burst into the place. Parkman in
+his _Conspiracy of Pontiac_, p. 414, details the sad story.
+
+The last interest of this unfortunate tribe centres in Logan, the
+friend of the white man, whose speech is so familiar to all, that we
+must regret that it has not sustained the historical scrutiny of Brantz
+Mayer (_Tahgahjute; or, Logan and Capt. Michael Cresap_, Maryland Hist.
+Soc., May, 1851; and 8vo, Albany, 1867). Logan was a Conestoga, in
+other words a Susquehanna.
+
+
+_Note_ 47, _page_ 71.
+
+The language of the Susquehannas, as Smith remarks, differed from that
+of the Virginian tribes generally. As already stated, it was one of the
+dialects of the Huron-Iroquois, and its relation to other members of
+the family may be seen by the following table of the numerals:
+
+ Susquehanna
+  or Minqua.    Hochelaga.   Huron.      Mohawk.   Onondaga.
+
+ 1.  Onskat,    Segada,      Eskate,     Easka,    Unskat.
+ 2.  Tiggene,   Tigneny,     Téni,       Tekeni,   Tegni.
+ 3.  Axe,       Asche,       Hachin,     Aghsea,   Achen.
+ 4.  Raiene,    Honnacon,    Dac,        Kieri,    Gayeri.
+ 5.  Wisck,     Ouiscon,     Ouyche,     Wisk,     Wisk.
+ 6.  Jaiack,    Indahir,     Houhahea,   Yayak,    Haiak.
+ 7.  Tzadack,   Ayaga,       Sotaret,    Jatak,    Tchiatak.
+ 8.  Tickerom,  Addegue,     Attaret,    Satego,   Tegeron.
+ 9.  Waderom,   Madellon,    Nechon,     Tiyohto,  Waderom.
+ 10. Assan,     Assem,                   Oyeri.
+
+{122}
+
+
+_Note_ 48, _page_ 73.
+
+Smith thus describes them: “Sixty of those Sasquesahanocks came to vs
+with skins, Bowes, Arrows, Targets, Beads, swords and Tobacco pipes for
+presents. Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene, for
+they seemed like Giants to the English; yea and to the neighbours, yet
+seemed of an honest and simple disposition, with much adoe restrained
+from adoring vs as Gods. Those are the strangest people of all those
+Countries, both in language and attire; for their language it may well
+beseeme their proportions, sounding from them as a voyce in a vault.
+Their attire is the skinnes of Beares, and Woolues, some have Cassacks
+made of Beares heads and skinnes, that a mans head goes through the
+skinnes neck, and the eares of the Beare fastened to his shoulders,
+the nose and teeth hanging downe his breast, another Beares face split
+behind him, and at the end of the Nose hung a Pawe, the halfe sleeues
+comming to the elbowes were the neckes of Beares and the armes through
+the mouth with the pawes hanging at their noses. One had the head of a
+Wolfe hanging in a chaine for a Iewell, his tobacco pipe three-quarters
+of a yard long, prettily carued with a Bird, a Deere or some such
+devise at the great end, sufficient to beat out ones braines; with
+Bowes, Arrowes and Clubs, suitable to their greatnesse. They are scarce
+known to Powhatan. They can make near 600 able men, and are palisadoed
+in their Townes to defend them from the Massawomekes, their mortal
+enemies. Five of their chief Werowances came aboord vs and crossed the
+Bay in their Barge. The picture of the greatest of them is signified in
+the Mappe. The calfe of whose leg was three-quarters of a yard about,
+and all the rest of his limbes so answerable to that proportion, that
+he seemed the goodliest man we ever beheld. His hayre, the one side
+was long, the other shore close with a ridge over his crowue like a
+cocks combe. His arrowes were five-quarters long, headed with the
+splinters of a White christall-like stone, in form of a heart, an inch
+broad, and an inch and a halfe or more long. These he wore in a Woolues
+skinne at his backe for his quiver, his bow in one hand and his club in
+the other, as described.”—_Smith’s Voyages_ (Am. ed.), I, p. 119–20.
+Tattooing referred to by our author, was an ancient Egyptian custom,
+and is still retained by the women. See _Lane’s Modern Egyptians_, etc.
+It was forbidden to the Jews in _Leviticus_, 19: 28.
+
+
+_Note_ 49, _page_ 74.
+
+“_Purchas, his Pilgrimage_, or Relations of the World, and the
+Religions observed in all Ages and Places discovered, from the Creation
+unto this present,” 1 vol., folio, 1613. In spite of Alsop, Purchas is
+still highly esteemed. {123}
+
+
+_Note_ 50, _page_ 75.
+
+As to their treatment of prisoners, see _Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_,
+II, p. 260.
+
+
+_Note_ 51, _page_ 75.
+
+Smith thus locates their town: “The Sasquesahannocks inhabit vpon the
+cheefe spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head, one day’s
+journey higher than our barge could passe for rocks,” vol. I, p. 182.
+Campanius thus describes their town, which he represents as twelve
+miles from New Sweden: “They live on a high mountain, very steep
+and difficult to climb; there they have a fort or square building,
+surrounded with palisades. There they have guns and small iron cannon,
+with which they shoot and defend themselves, and take with them when
+they go to war.”—_Campanius’s Nye Sverige_, p. 181; Du Ponceau’s
+translation, p. 158. A view of a Sasquesahannock town is given in
+_Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld_ (1671), p. 136, based
+evidently on Smith. De Lisle’s Map, dated June, 1718, lays down Canoge,
+Fort des Indiens Andastés ou Susquehanocs at about 40° N.; but I find
+the name nowhere else.
+
+
+_Note_ 52, _page_ 77.
+
+Scalping was practiced by the Scythians. (_Herodotus_, book IV, and in
+the second book of _Macchabees_, VII, 4, 7). Antiochus is said to have
+caused two of the seven Macchabee brothers to be scalped. “The skin
+of the head with the hairs being drawn off.” The torture of prisoners
+as here described originated with the Iroquois, and spread to nearly
+all the North American tribes. It was this that led the Algonquins to
+give the Iroquois tribes the names Magoué, Nadoué or Nottaway, which
+signified cruel. _Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_, II, p. 287.
+
+
+_Note_ 53, _page_ 78.
+
+The remarks here as to religion are vague. The Iroquois and Hurons
+recognized Aireskoi or Agreskoe, as the great deity, styling him also
+Teharonhiawagon. As to the Hurons, see _Sagard, Histoire du Canada_, p.
+485. The sacrifice of a child, as noted by Alsop, was unknown in the
+other tribes of this race, and is not mentioned by Campanius in regard
+to this one. {124}
+
+
+_Note_ 54, _page_ 78.
+
+The priests were the medicine men in all probability; no author
+mentioning any class that can be regarded properly as priests.
+
+
+_Note_ 55, _page_ 78.
+
+The burial rites here described resemble those of the Iroquois
+(_Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_, II, pp. 389, 407) and of the Hurons,
+as described by Sagard (_Histoire du Canada_, p. 702) in the manner of
+placing the dead body in a sitting posture; but there it was wrapped
+in furs, encased in bark and set upon a scaffold till the feast of the
+dead.
+
+
+_Note_ 56, _page_ 79.
+
+Sagard, in his _Huron Dictionary_, gives village, _andata_; he is in
+the fort or village, _andatagon_; which is equivalent to _Connadago_,
+_nd_ and _nn_ being frequently used for each other.
+
+
+_Note_ 57, _page_ 80.
+
+For the condition of the women in a kindred tribe, compare _Sagard,
+Histoire du Canada_, p. 272; _Grand Voyage_, p. 130; _Perrot, Moeurs et
+Coustumes des Sauvages_, p. 30.
+
+
+_Note_ 58, _page_ 80.
+
+Among the Iroquois the husband elect went to the wife’s cabin and sat
+down on the mat opposite the fire. If she accepted him she presented
+him a bowl of hominy and sat down beside him, turning modestly away. He
+then ate some and soon after retired.—_Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages_,
+I, p. 566.
+
+
+_Note_ 59, _page_ 81.
+
+Sagard, in his _Histoire du Canada_, p. 185, makes a similar remark as
+to the Hurons, a kindred tribe, men and women acting as here stated,
+and he says that in this they resembled the ancient Egyptians. Compare
+_Hennepin, Moeurs des Sauvages_, p. 54; _Description d’un Pays plus
+grand que l’Europe, Voyages au Nord_, V, p. 341. {125}
+
+
+_Note_ 60, _page_ 96.
+
+This characteristic of the active trading propensities of the early
+settlers will apply to the present race of Americans in a fourfold
+degree.
+
+
+_Note_ 61, _page_ 96.
+
+One who brought goods to Maryland without following such advice as
+Alsop gives, describes in Hudibrastic verse his doleful story in the
+_Sot Weed Factor_, recently reprinted.
+
+
+_Note_ 62, _page_ 96.
+
+For an account of this gentleman, see ante, p. 13.
+
+
+_Note_ 63, _page_ 97.
+
+The rebellion in Maryland, twice alluded to by our author in his
+letters, was a very trifling matter. On the restoration of Charles II,
+Lord Baltimore sent over his brother Philip Calvert as governor, with
+authority to proceed against Governor Fendall, who, false alike to all
+parties, was now scheming to overthrow the proprietary government. The
+new governor was instructed on no account to permit Fendall to escape
+with his life; but Philip Calvert was more clement than Lord Baltimore,
+and though Fendall made a fruitless effort to excite the people to
+opposition, he was, on his voluntary submission, punished by a merely
+short imprisonment. This clemency he repaid by a subsequent attempt to
+excite a rebellion.—_McMahon’s History of Maryland_, pp. 213–14, citing
+Council Proceedings from 1656 to 1668, liber H. H., 74 to 82.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
+
+Original spelling and grammar have been generally retained, with
+some exceptions noted below. Original small caps (and also one
+phrase in bold type) are now uppercase. Italics look _like this_.
+Enlarged curly brackets, used to combine information from two or
+more lines of text have been discarded. The transcriber produced
+the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain.
+The primary source of page images was archive.org—search for
+“characterofprovi00alsorich”. Secondary sources, also at archive.org,
+were “characterofprovince00also” and “gowansbibliothec00gowaiala”
+
+There were two series of page numbers printed on each page of the
+main text. One series, printed with gaps from 10 to 125, was printed
+at the top of each page in an ornamented header. This series has been
+retained, and is shown in curly brackets like this: {52}. Page one of
+this series, inferred by counting back from ten, is the title page of
+_Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5_, New York, William Gowans, 1869. The
+other series, printed with gaps from 417 to 533, in smaller type at the
+bottom of each page, has been discarded. The book actually transcribed
+herein was a reissue of _Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5_, titled
+_Fund-Publication, No. 15. A Character of the Province of Maryland_,
+The Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, 1880.
+
+
+Page 106. Changed “capaple” to “capable”.
+
+Page 117. Changed “p. II, 397” to “II, p. 397”.
+
+Page 119. Changed “p. 7),” to “p. 7).”. Changed “1647–8. p. 58)” to
+“1647–8, p. 58)”. Also “p. 273. Before” to “p. 273.) Before”.
+
+Page 121. “Waderom,” to “Waderom.”, in the last column of the table.
+
+Page 122. Added left double quotation mark to ‘_Purchas, his
+Pilgrimage_, or Relations’, to match the one after ‘this present,’.
+
+Page 124. Changed “p, 566” to “p. 566”.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Character of the Province of Maryland, by 
+George Alsop
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
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-<pre>
-
-Project Gutenberg's A Character of the Province of Maryland, by George Alsop
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll
-have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
-this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: A Character of the Province of Maryland
-       Described in four distinct parts; also a small Treatise
-              on the Wild and Naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of
-              Maryland, their customs, manners, absurdities, and religion;
-              together with a collection of historical letters.
-
-Author: George Alsop
-
-Contributor: John Gilmary Shay
-
-Release Date: August 30, 2018 [EBook #57811]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by ellinora, RichardW, and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-
-<div id="dcoverpage"><img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg"
-width="600" height="800" alt="" /></div>
-
-<h1 class="h1herein"><span class="fsz7">A</span> Character
-of the Province of <span class="spwrdspc1">
-Maryland by</span>
-George Alsop</h1>
-
-<div class="section borall">
-<div class="fsz1"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
-Character of the Province<br />
-<span class="fsz9">of</span><br />
-<span class="fsz4">MARYLAND.</span></div>
-
-<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1880.jpg"
-width="427" height="426" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="fsz5"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span> GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz5">1666.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz5 padtopa">Baltimore, 1880.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall">
-<div class="fsz1 padtopa">ALSOP’S MARYLAND.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz5 padtopa">1666.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall">
-<div class="fsz4 padtopa"><span class="fsz7">REISSUED AS</span><br />
-
-Fund-Publication, No. 15.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz1"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
-Character of the Province<br />
-<span class="fsz9">of</span><br />
-<span class="fsz4">MARYLAND.</span></div>
-
-<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1880reissue.jpg"
-width="426" height="423" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="fsz4"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span> GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz5 padtopc">1666.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz5 padtopa">Baltimore, 1880.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p001">
-<div id="p001a">
-<div class="fsz1"><em class="embold">GOWANS’</em><br />
-<span class="fsz7">BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.</span><br />
-<em class="embold">5</em></div>
-
-<p class="fsz7">“Thy fathers went down into Egypt with three score and
-ten persons, and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of
-heaven for multitude.”&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<i>Moses.</i></p>
-
-<p class="fsz7 padtopb">“Two things are to be considered in writing
-history, truth and elocution, for in truth consisteth the soul, and
-in elocution the body of history; the latter without the former,
-is but a picture of history; the former without the latter, unapt
-to instruct. The principle and proper work of history, being to
-instruct, and enable men by their knowledge of actions past, to bear
-themselves prudently in the present, and providently towards the
-future.”&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<i>T. Hobbes.</i></p>
-
-<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/i007.jpg"
-width="337" height="228" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="fsz6">NEW YORK:</div>
-
-<div>WILLIAM GOWANS.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz7 padtopc">1869.</div>
-</div><!--p001a--></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall" id="p002">
-<div class="fsz8">64
-<span class="smcap">C<b>OPIES</b></span>
-<span class="smmaj">PRINTED</span>
-<span class="smmaj">ON</span>
-<span class="smmaj">LARGE</span>
-<span class="smmaj">PAPER</span> 4<span class="smmaj">TO.</span></div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p003">
-<div id="p003a" class="splineha">
-<div class="fsz4"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
-
-CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE<br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">OF</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz2">MARYLAND.</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz7">DESCRIBED IN FOUR DISTINCT PARTS.</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">ALSO</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz8">A SMALL TREATISE ON THE WILD AND NAKED INDIANS (OR
-SUSQUEHANOKES) OF MARYLAND, THEIR CUSTOMS,
-MANNERS, ABSURDITIES, AND RELIGION.</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">TOGETHER WITH</span><br />
-
-<span class="">A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL LETTERS.</span></div>
-
-<div class="fsz4"><span class="fsz9">BY</span><br />
-
-GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz6 padtopc">A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPIOUS
-HISTORICAL NOTES.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz4"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span>
-JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL.D.,<br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL
-SOCIETY.</span></div>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft fsz7"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Our western world, with all its matchless floods,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Our vast transparent lakes and boundless woods,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Stamped with the traits of majesty sublime,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Unhonored weep the silent lapse of time,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Spread their wild grandeur to the unconscious sky,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In sweetest seasons pass unheeded by;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">While scarce one muse returns the songs they gave,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Or seeks to snatch their glories from the grave.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="poemcite"><span class="smcap">A<b>LEXANDER</b></span>
- <span class="smcap">W<b>ILSON,</b></span> The Ornithologist.</div></div>
-
-<p class="fsz7 padtopc spitalic">
-The greater part of the magnificent countries east of the Alleghanies
-is in a high state of cultivation and commercial prosperity, with
-natural advantages not surpassed in any country. Nature, however, still
-maintains her sway in some parts, especially where pine-barrens and
-swamps prevail. The territory of the United States covers an area of
-2,963,666 square miles, about one-half of which is capable of producing
-everything that is useful to man, but not more than a twenty-sixth
-part of it has been cleared. The climate is generally healthy, the
-soil fertile, abounding in mineral treasures, and it possesses every
-advantage from navigable rivers and excellent harbors
-.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<span class="smcap">M<b>RS.</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">S<b>OMERVILLE.</b></span></p>
-
-<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1869.jpg"
-width="257" height="169" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="fsz6">NEW YORK:</div>
-<div>WILLIAM GOWANS.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz7 padtopc">1869.</div>
-</div><!--p003a--></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall"><div id="p004">
-<div class="fsz1">5</div>
-
-<div class="fsz7 padtopa">
-Not entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by<br />
-W. GOWANS,<br />
-
-In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
-the Southern District of New York.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz9 padtopa">J. MUNSELL, PRINTER,<br />
-ALBANY.</div></div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall"><div id="p005">
-<div class="fsz3">
-<span class="fsz8">DEDICATED</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">TO</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz6">THE MEMORY</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz9">OF</span><br />
-
-LORD BALTIMORE.</div></div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p006">
-<h2 class="h2herein">ADVERTISEMENT.</h2>
-
-<p>The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publishing
-a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biography,
-antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To be
-entitled</p>
-
-<div class="fsz4">GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.</div>
-
-<p>The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of reprints
-from old and scarce works, difficult to be produced in this
-country, and often also of very rare occurrence in Europe; occasionally
-an original work will be introduced into the series, designed
-to throw light upon some obscure point of American
-history, or to elucidate the biography of some of the distinguished
-men of our land. Faithful reprints of every work
-published will be given to the public; nothing will be added,
-except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will be presented
-entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will
-be brought out in the best style, both as to type, press work and
-paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy a place
-in any gentleman’s library.</p>
-
-<p>A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener,
-if the public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work,
-either an original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and
-at the same time scarce tract. From eight or twelve parts will
-form a handsome octavo volume, which the publisher is well
-assured, will be esteemed entitled to a high rank in every collection
-of American history and literature.</p>
-
-<p>Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collection
-may in the course of no long period of time become not less
-voluminous, and quite as valuable to the student in American
-history, as the celebrated Harleian Miscellany is now to the student
-and lover of British historical antiquities.</p>
-
-<p class="psignature">W. GOWANS, <i>Publisher</i>.</p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h2 class="h2herein">INTRODUCTION.</h2>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b> A<b>LSOP</b>,</span>
-the author of this curious tract, was born
-according to the inscription on his portrait, in 1638. He
-served a two years’ apprenticeship to some trade in
-London, but seems to have been wild enough. His
-portrait and his language alike bespeak the rollicking
-roysterer of the days of the restoration, thoroughly
-familiar with all the less reputable haunts of London.
-He expresses a hearty contempt for Cromwell and his
-party, and it may be that the fate which confined him to
-a four years’ servitude in Maryland was an order of transportation
-issued in the name of the commonwealth of
-England. He speaks disdainfully of the “mighty low
-and distracted life” of such as could not pay their passage,
-then, according to <i>Leah and Rachel</i> (p. 14), generally
-six pounds, as though want of money was not in his case
-the cause of his emigrating from England. He gives the
-letters he wrote to his family and friends on starting, but
-omits the date, although from allusions to the death of
-Cromwell in a letter dated at Gravesend, September 7th,
-he evidently sailed in 1658, the protector having died on
-the 3d of September in that year.</p>
-
-<p>In Maryland he fell to the lot of Thomas Stockett, Esq.,
-one of three brothers who came
-to Maryland in 1658, <span class="xxpn" id="p010">{10}</span>
-perhaps at the same time as Alsop, and settled originally
-it would seem in Baltimore county. It was on this estate
-that Alsop spent the four years which enabled him to
-write the following tract. He speaks highly of his treatment
-and the abundance that reigned in the Stockett
-mansion.</p>
-
-<p>Alsop’s book appeared in 1666. One of the laudatory
-verses that preface it is dated January, 1665
-(<span class="fract"><span class="fup">5</span><span class="fdn">6</span></span>),
-and as it
-would appear that he did not remain in Maryland after
-the expiration of his four years, except perhaps for a short
-time in consequence of a fit of sickness to which he
-alludes, he probably returned to London to resume his
-old career.</p>
-
-<p>Of his subsequent life nothing is known, and though
-Allison ascribes to him a volume of Sermons, we may
-safely express our grave doubts whether the author of
-this tract can be suspected of anything of the kind.</p>
-
-<p>The book, written in a most extravagant style, contains
-no facts as to the stirring events in Maryland history
-which preceded its date, and in view, doubtless, of the
-still exasperated state of public feeling, seems to have
-studiously avoided all allusion to so unattractive a subject.
-As an historical tract it derives its chief value from the
-portion which comprises its <i>Relation of the Susquehanna
-Indians</i>.</p>
-
-<p>The object for which the tract was issued seems evident.
-It was designed to stimulate emigration to Maryland, and
-is written in a vulgar style to suit the class it was to reach.
-While from its dedication to Lord Baltimore, and the
-merchant adventurers, we may infer that it was paid for
-by them, in order to encourage emigration, especially of
-redemptioners. <span class="xxpn" id="p011">{11}</span></p>
-
-<p>Much of the early emigration to America was effected
-by what was called the redemption system. Under this,
-one disposed to emigrate, but unable to raise the £6,
-entered into a contract in the following form, with a
-merchant adventurer, ship owner or ship master, and
-occasionally with a gentleman emigrant of means, under
-which the latter gave him his passage and supplies:</p>
-
-<div id="p011quote">
-<div class="fsz5"><span class="smcap">T<b>HE</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">F<b>ORME</b></span>
-<span class="smmaj">OF</span>
-<span class="smcap">B<b>INDING</b></span>
-<span class="smmaj">A</span>
-<span class="smcap">S<b>ERVANT.</b></span></div>
-
-<div class="fsz7 padtopc">[From <i>A Relation of Maryland</i>, &amp;c., 1635.]</div>
-
-<p class="padtopc">This indenture made the&#x200a;......&#x200a;day
-of&#x200a;..............&#x200a;in the&#x200a;.........&#x200a;yeere
-of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles &amp;c.
-betweene&#x200a;..............&#x200a;of the one party,
-and&#x200a;..............&#x200a;on the other party, Witnesseth that
-the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;doth hereby covenant, promise and
-grant to and with the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;his Executors
-and Assignes, to serve him from the day of the date hereof, vntill
-his first and next arrivall in Maryland, and after for and during the
-tearme of&#x200a;......&#x200a;yeeres, in such service and employment
-as the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;or his assignes shall there
-employ him, according to the custome of the countrey in the like kind.
-In consideration whereof, the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;doth
-promise and grant, to and with the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;to
-pay for his passing and to find him with Meat, Drinke, Apparell and
-Lodging, with other necessaries during the said terme; and at the end
-of the said terme, to give him one Whole yeeres provision of Corne
-and fifty acres of Land, according to the order of the countrey. In
-witnesse whereof, the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;hath hereunto
-put his hand and seale the day and yeere above written.</p>
-
-<p>Sealed and delivered
-in the presence of</p>
-</div><!--p011quote-->
-
-<p>The term of service, at first limited to five years (<i>Relation
-of Maryland</i>, 1635, p. 63), was subsequently reduced
-to four (Act of 1638, &amp;c.), and so remained
-into the next <span class="xxpn" id="p012">{12}</span>
-century (Act of April, 1715). Thus a woman in the <i>Sot
-Weed Factor</i>, after speaking of her life in England, says:</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Not then a slave for twice two year,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">My cloaths were fashionably new,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Nor were my shifts of linnen Blue;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But things are changed; now at the Hoe,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">I daily work and Barefoot go,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In weeding Corn or feeding Swine,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">I spend my melancholy Time.</div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Disputes arose as to the time when the term began, and
-it was finally fixed at the anchoring of the vessel in the
-province, but not more than fourteen days were to be
-allowed for anchoring after they passed the Capes (Act of
-1715). When these agreements were made with the merchant
-adventurer, ship owner or ship captain, the servants
-were sold at auctions, which were conducted on the principle
-of our tax sales, the condition being the payment of
-the advances, and the bidding being for the term of
-service, descending from the legal limit according to his
-supposed value as a mechanic or hand, the best man being
-taken for the shortest term. Where the emigrants made
-their agreement with the gentleman emigrant, they proceeded
-at once to the land he took up, and in the name of
-the servant the planter took up at least one hundred acres
-of land, fifty of which, under the agreement, he conveyed
-to the servant at the expiration of his term of service.</p>
-
-<p>Alsop seems to have made an agreement, perhaps on
-the voyage, with Thomas Stockett, Esq., as his first letter
-from America mentions his being in the service of that
-gentleman. His last letter is dated at Gravesend, the 7th
-of September, and his first in Maryland January 17 (1659),
-making a voyage of four months, which he loosely calls
-five, and describes as “a blowing and
-dangerous passage.” <span class="xxpn" id="p013">{13}</span></p>
-
-<p>Through the kindness of George Lynn Lachlin Davis,
-Esq., I have been enabled to obtain from J. Shaaf Stockett,
-Esq., a descendant of Captain Stockett, some details as to
-his ancestor, the master of our author, during his four
-years’ servitude, which was not very grievous to him, for
-he says, “had I known my yoak would have been so
-easie (as I conceive it will) I would have been here long
-before now, rather than to have dwelt under the pressure
-of a Rebellious and Trayterous government so long as I
-did.”</p>
-
-<p>A manuscript statement made some years later by one
-Joseph Tilly, states: “About or in y<sup>e</sup> year of o<sup>r</sup> Lord 1667
-or 8 I became acquainted w<sup>th</sup> 4 Gent<sup>n</sup> y<sup>t</sup> were brethren &amp;
-then dwellers here in Maryland the elder of them went by
-y<sup>e</sup> name of Coll<sup>o</sup> Lewis Stockett &amp; y<sup>e</sup> second by y<sup>e</sup> name
-of Capt<sup>n</sup> Thomas Stockett, y<sup>e</sup> third was Doct<sup>r</sup> Francis
-Stockett &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Fourth Brother was M<sup>r</sup> Henry Stockett.
-These men were but y<sup>n</sup> newly seated or seating in Anne
-Arunndell County &amp; they had much business w<sup>h</sup> the Lord
-Baltimore then pp<sup>etor</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Provinces, my house standing
-convenient they were often entertained there: they told
-mee y<sup>t</sup> they were Kentish men or Men of Kent &amp; y<sup>t</sup> for
-that they had been concerned for King Charles y<sup>e</sup> first,
-were out of favour w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> following Governm<sup>t</sup> they Mortgaged
-a Good an estate to follow King Charles the second
-in his exile &amp; at their Return they had not money to
-redeem their mortgage, w<sup>ch</sup> was y<sup>e</sup> cause of their coming
-hither. <span class="dfloatright"><span class="smcap">J<b>OSEPH</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">T<b>ILLY</b>.”</span></span></p>
-
-<p class="dclearfix">Of
-the brothers, who are said to have arrived in the
-spring or summer of 1658, only Captain Thomas Stockett
-remained in Maryland, the others having, according to
-family tradition, returned to England. As
-stated in the <span class="xxpn" id="p014">{14}</span>
-document just given, they settled in Anne Arundell
-county, and on the 19th of July, 1669, “Obligation,” a
-tract of 664 acres of land was patented to Captain Thomas
-Stockett, and a part still after the lapse of nearly two
-centuries remains in the family, being owned by Frank H.
-Stockett, Esq., of the Annapolis bar.</p>
-
-<p>By his wife Mary (<i>Wells</i> it is supposed), Captain Thomas
-Stockett had one son, Thomas, born April 17, 1667, from
-whose marriage with Mary, daughter of Thomas Sprigg,
-of West River, gentleman (March 12, 1689), and subsequent
-marriage with Damarris Welch, the Stocketts of
-Maryland, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York and New
-Jersey are descended.</p>
-
-<p>The arms of this branch, as given in the family archives,
-are “Or a Lyon rampant sable armed and Langued Gules
-a cheife of y<sup>e</sup> second a castle Tripple towred argent
-betwixt two Beausants—to y<sup>e</sup> crest upon a helm on a
-wreath of y<sup>e</sup> colours, a Lyon Proper segeant supporte on a
-stock ragged and trunked argent Borne by the name of
-Stockett with a mantle Gules doubled Argent.” These
-agree with the arms given by Burke as the arms of the
-Stocketts of St. Stephens, county of Kent.</p>
-
-<p>Thomas Stockett’s will, dated April 23, 1671, was
-proved on the 4th of May in the same year, so that his
-death must have occurred within the ten intervening days.
-He left his estate to his wife for life, then his lands to his
-son Thomas, and his posthumous child if a son, and his
-personal estate to be divided among his daughters. His
-executors were his brothers Francis and Henry and his
-brother (in-law) Richard Wells. His dispositions of property
-are brief, much of the will consisting of pious
-expressions and wishes. <span class="xxpn" id="p015">{15}</span></p>
-
-<p>To return to the early Maryland emigration, at the time
-there was evident need for some popular tract to remove a
-prejudice that had been created against that colony, especially
-in regard to the redemptioners. The condition of
-those held for service in Maryland had been represented
-as pitiable indeed, the labor intolerable, the usage bad,
-the diet hard, and that no beds were allowed but the bare
-boards. Such calumnies had already been refuted in
-1656 by Hammond, in his <i>Leah and Rachel</i>. Yet it
-would seem that ten years later the proprietor of Maryland
-found it necessary to give Alsop’s flattering picture
-as a new antidote.</p>
-
-<p>The original tract is reproduced so nearly in fac simile
-here that little need be said about it. The original is a
-very small volume, the printed matter on the page being
-only <span class="nowrap">2&#x200a;<span class="fract"><span
-class="fup">1</span><span class="fdn">8</span></span></span>
-inches by <span class="nowrap">4&#x200a;<span class="fract"><span
-class="fup">7</span><span class="fdn">8.</span></span></span> (See note No. <a
-href="#note01" title="go to n&#x6f;te 1">1</a>).</p>
-
-<p>At the end are two pages of advertisements headed
-“These Books, with others, are Printed for Peter Dring,
-and are to be sold at his Shop, at the Sun in the Poultrey,
-next door to the Rose Tavern.”</p>
-
-<p>Among the books are Eliana, Holesworth’s Valley of
-Vision, Robotham’s Exposition of Solomon’s Song, N.
-Byfields’ Marrow of the Oracle of God, Pheteplace’s
-Scrutinia Sacra, Featly Tears in Time of Pestilence,
-Templum Musicum by Joannes Henricus Alstedius, two
-cook books, a jest book, Troads Englished, and ends with
-A Comment upon the Two Tales of our Renowned Poet
-Sir Jeffray Chaucer, Knight.</p>
-
-<p>At the end of this is the following by way of erratum:
-“Courteous Reader. In the first Epistle Dedicatory, for
-Felton read Feltham.”</p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall">
-<div class="dctr03"><img src="images/i024.jpg"
-width="600" height="682" alt="" />
-<div class="dcaption">
-<div class="dpoemlft spitalic"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">View here the Shadow whoſe Ingenious Hand</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Hath drawne exact the
- <span class="spwrdspc1">Province Mary</span> Land</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Diſplay’d her Glory in ſuch Scænes of Witt</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That thoſe that read muſt fall in Love with it</div>
-<div class="dpp00">For which his Labour hee deſerves the praiſe</div>
-<div class="dpp00 spwrdspca">As well as Poets doe the wreath of Bays.</div>
-</div><!--dstanzalft-->
-<div class="poemcite">Anno Dõ: 1666. Ætatis Suæ
-<span class="spwrdspc2">28. H.W.</span></div></div>
-
-<div class="fsz8 spitalic padtopc">AM
- PHOTO-LITHOGR. OC (OSBORNES PROCESS.)</div>
-</div><!--dcaption--></div><!--dctr02--></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section borall" id="p017">
-<div class="fsz1 padtopc">
-<span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz6 spltrspacea">CHARACTER</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz8">Of the PROVINCE of</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz3 spltrspacea">MARY-LAND,</span></div>
-
-<div class="fsz5 din2 splineha">Wherein is Deſcribed in four diſtinct
-Parts, (<i>Viz.</i>)</div>
-
-<ul id="p017ul" class="splineha">
-<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">I.</span>
-The Scituation, and plenty of the Province.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">II.</span>
-The Laws, Cuſtoms, and natural Demeanor
-of the Inhabitant.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">III.</span>
-The worſt and beſt Vſage of a Mary-Land
-Servant, opened in view.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">IV.</span>
-The Traffique, and Vendable Commodities
-of the Countrey.</p></li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="fsz6">ALSO</div>
-
-<div class="fsz4 din1"><em class="embold">A ſmall</em>
-<i>Treatiſe</i> on the Wilde and Naked INDIANS (<span class="fsz7">or
-<i>Suſquehanokes</i></span>) of <i>Mary-Land</i>, their Cuſtoms, Manners,
-Abſurdities, &amp; Religion.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz4 din1 padtopb">Together with a Collection of Hiſtorical
-LETTERS.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz3 padtopb">By GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
-
-<div class="fsz7 padtopa din2 splineha"><i>London</i>, Printed by <i>T. J.</i>
-for <i>Peter Dring</i>, at the ſign of the Sun in the <i>Poultrey</i>; 1666.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p019">
-<h2 class="h2herein">
-<span class="fsz7 spblk">TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE</span>
-CÆCILIUS LORD BALTEMORE,
-<span class="fsz7 spblk">(see
-note No. <a href="#note02" title="go to n&#x6f;te 2">2</a>)</span>
-<span class="fsz7 spblk">
-Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces
-of <i>Mary-Land</i> and <i>Avalon</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note03" title="go to n&#x6f;te 3">3</a>)
-in <i>America</i>.</span>
-</h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="smcap">M<b>Y</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">L<b>ORD,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
-Have adventured on your Lordships acceptance
-by guess; if presumption has led me into an
-Error that deserves correction, I heartily beg Indempnity,
-and resolve to repent soundly for it, and do so
-no more. What I present I know to be true, Experientia
-docet; It being an infallible Maxim, <i>That
-there is no Globe like the occular and experimental view
-of a Countrey</i>. And had not Fate by a necessary
-imployment, consin’d me within the narrow walks of
-a four years Servitude, and by degrees led me through
-the most intricate and dubious paths of this Countrey,
-by a commanding and undeniable Enjoyment, I could
-not, nor should I ever have undertaken to have written
-a line of this nature.</p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p021">
-<h2 class="h2herein">THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.</h2>
-
-<p>If I have wrote or composed any thing that’s wilde
-and confused, it is because I am so my self, and the
-world, as far as I can perceive, is not much out of the
-same trim; therefore I resolve, if I am brought to
-the Bar of <i>Common Law</i> for any thing I have done
-here, to plead <i>Non compos mentis</i>, to save my Bacon.</p>
-
-<p>There is an old Saying in English, <i>He must rise
-betimes that would please every one</i>. And I am afraid
-I have lain so long a bed, that I think I shall please
-no body; if it must be so, I cannot help it. But as
-<i>Feltham</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note04" title="go to n&#x6f;te 4">4</a>)
-in his <i>Resolves</i> says, <i>In things
-that must be, ’tis good to be resolute</i>; And therefore
-what Destiny has ordained, I am resolved to wink,
-and stand to it. So leaving your Honour to more
-serious meditations, I subscribe my self,</p>
-
-<div>My Lord</div>
-<div class="psignature00">Your Lordship most</div>
-<div class="psignature0">Humble Servant,</div>
-<div class="psignature"><span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">To all the Merchant Adventurers for MARY-LAND,
-together with those Commanders of Ships
-that saile into that Province.</span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="smcap">S<b>IRS,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst spitalic"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span><span class="smmaj">OU</span>
-are both Adventurers, the one of Estate, the
-other of Life: I could tell you I am an Adventurer
-too, if I durst presume to come into your Company.
-I have ventured to come abroad in Print, and if I should
-be laughed at for my good meaning, it would so break
-the credit of my understanding, that I should never dare
-to shew my face upon the Exchange of (conceited) Wits
-again.</p>
-
-<p class="spitalic">This dish of Discourse was intended for you at
-first, but it was manners to let my Lord have the first cut, the Pye
-being his own. I beseech you accept of the matter as ’tis drest,
-only to stay your stomachs, and I’le promise you the next shall be
-better done, ’Tis all as I can serve you in at present, and it may be
-questionable whether I have served you in this or no. Here I present
-you with <em class="emupright">A Character of Mary-Land</em>, it may
-be you will say ’tis weakly done, if you do I cannot help it, ’tis as
-well as I could do it, considering several Obstacles that like blocks
-were thrown in my way to hinder my proceeding: The major part thereof
-was written in the intermitting time of my sickness, therefore I hope
-the afflicting weakness of <span class="xxpn" id="p024">{24}</span>
-my Microcosm may plead a just excuse for some imperfections of my
-pen. I protest what I have writ is from an experimental knowledge
-of the Country, and not from any imaginary supposition. If I am
-blamed for what I have done too much, it is the first, and I will
-irrevocably promise it shall be the last. There’s a Maxim upon Tryals
-at Assizes, That if a thief be taken upon the first fault, if it be
-not to hainous, they only burn him in the hand and let him go <em
-class="emupright">(see
-note No. <a href="#note05" title="go to n&#x6f;te 5">5</a>):</em> So I desire you to do by me,
-if you find any thing that bears a criminal absurdity in it, only burn
-me for my first fact and let me go. But I am afraid I have kept you
-too long in the Entry, I shall desire you therefore to come in and sit
-down.</p>
-
-<p class="psignature">G.
-<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p025">
-<h2 class="h2herein spltrspacea"><span class="fsz8">THE</span><br />
-PREFACE<br />
-<span class="fsz8">TO THE</span><br />
-READER.</h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span><span class="smmaj">HE</span>
-Reason why I appear in this place is, lest the
-general Reader should conclude I have nothing
-to say for my self; and truly he’s in the right on’t,
-for I have but little to say (for my self) at this time:
-For I have had so large a Journey, and so heavy a
-Burden to bring <i>Mary-Land</i> into <i>England</i>, that I am
-almost out of breath: I’le promise you after I am
-come to my self, you shall hear more of me. Good
-Reader, because you see me make a brief Apologetical
-excuse for my self, don’t judge me; for I am so self-conceited
-of my own merits, that I almost think I
-want none. <i>De Lege non judicandum ex solâ linea</i>,
-saith the Civilian; We must not pass judgement upon
-a Law by one line: And because we see but a small
-Bush at a Tavern door, conclude there is no Canary
-(see
-note No. <a href="#note06" title="go to n&#x6f;te 6">6</a>)
-For as in our vulgar Resolves ’tis
-said, <i>A good face needs no Band, and an ill one deserves
-none</i>: So the French Proverb sayes, Bon Vien il n’a
-faut point de Ensigne, Good Wine needs no Bush. I
-suppose by this time some of my
-speculative observers <span class="xxpn" id="p026">{26}</span>
-have judged me vainglorious; but if they did but
-rightly consider me, they would not be so censorious.
-For I dwell so far from Neighbors, that if I do not
-praise my self, no body else will: And since I am left
-alone, I am resolved to summon the <i>Magna Charta</i> of
-Fowles to the Bar for my excuse, and by their irrevocable
-Statutes plead my discharge. <i>For its an ill
-Bird will befoule her own Nest</i>: Besides, I have a
-thousand <i>Billings-gate</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note07" title="go to n&#x6f;te 7">7</a>)
-Collegians that
-will give in their testimony, <i>That they never knew a
-Fish-woman cry stinking Fish</i>. Thus leaving the
-Nostrils of the Citizens Wives to demonstrate what
-they please as to that, and thee (Good Reader) to say
-what thou wilt, I bid thee Farewel.</p>
-
-<p class="psignature"><span class="smcap">G<b>EO.</b></span>
- <span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h2 class="h2herein spltrspacea"><span class="fsz8">THE</span><br />
-AUTHOR<br />
-<span class="fsz8">TO HIS</span><br />
-BOOK.</h2>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft">
-<div class="dpp00">When first <i>Apollo</i> got my brain with Childe,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">He made large promise never to beguile,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But like an honest Father, he would keep</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Whatever Issue from my Brain did creep:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">With that I gave consent, and up he threw</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Me on a Bench, and strangely he did do;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then every week he daily came to see</div>
-<div class="dpp00">How his new Physick still did work with me.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And when he did perceive he’d don the feat,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Like an unworthy man he made retreat,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Left me in desolation, and where none</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Compassionated when they heard me groan.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">What could he judge the Parish then would think,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To see me fair, his Brat as black as Ink?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">If they had eyes, they’d swear I were no Nun,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But got with Child by some black <i>Africk</i> Son,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And so condemn me for my Fornication,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To beat them Hemp to stifle half the Nation.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Well, since ’tis so, I’le alter this base Fate,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And lay his Bastard at some Noble’s Gate;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Withdraw my self from Beadles, and from such,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Who would give twelve pence I were
- in their clutch: <span class="xxpn" id="p028">{28}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then, who can tell? this Child which I do hide,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">
- <span class="dfloatright fsz7" id="padtopd">(see
- note No <a href="#note08" title="go to n&#x6f;te 8">8</a>).</span>
-May be in time a Small-beer Col’nel <i>Pride</i>
-</div>
-<div class="dpp00 dclearfix">But while I talk, my business it is dumb,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">I must lay double-clothes unto thy Bum,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then lap thee warm, and to the world commit</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The Bastard Off-spring of a New-born wit.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Farewel, poor Brat, thou in a monstrous World,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In swadling bands, thus up and down art hurl’d;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">There to receive what Destiny doth contrive,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Either to perish, or be sav’d alive.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Good Fate protect thee from a Criticks power,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">For If he comes, thou’rt gone in half an hour,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Stiff’d and blasted, ’tis their usual way,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To make that Night, which is as bright as Day.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">For if they once but wring, and skrew their mouth,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Cock up their Hats, and set the point Du-South,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Armes all a kimbo, and with belly strut,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">As if they had <i>Parnassus</i> in their gut:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">These are the Symtomes of the murthering fall</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Of my poor Infant, and his burial.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Say he should miss thee, and some ign’rant Asse</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Should find thee out, as he along doth pass,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">It were all one, he’d look into thy Tayle,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To see if thou wert Feminine or Male;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">When he’d half starv’d thee, for to satisfie</div>
-<div class="dpp00">His peeping Ign’rance, he’d then let thee lie;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And vow by’s wit he ne’re could understand,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The Heathen dresses of another Land:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Well, ’tis no matter, wherever such as he</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Knows one grain, more than his simplicity.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Now, how the pulses of my senses beat,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To think the rigid Fortune
- thou wilt meet; <span class="xxpn" id="p029">{29}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Asses and captious Fools, not six in ten</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Of thy Spectators will be real men,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To Umpire up the badness of the cause,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And screen my weakness from the rav’nous Laws,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Of those that will undoubted sit to see</div>
-<div class="dpp00">How they might blast this new-born Infancy:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">If they should burn him, they’d conclude hereafter,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">’Twere too good death for him to dye a Martyr;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And if they let him live, they think it will</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Be but a means for to encourage ill,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And bring in time some strange <i>Antipod’ans</i>,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">A thousand Leagues beyond <i>Philippians</i>,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To storm our Wits; therefore he must not rest,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But shall be hang’d, for all he has been prest:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thus they conclude.—My Genius comforts give,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In Resurrection he will surely live.</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h2 class="h2herein">To my Friend Mr.
-<span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP,</b></span> on his Character of
-MARY-LAND.</h2>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
-<div class="dpp00">Who such odd nookes of Earths great mass describe,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Prove their descent from old
- <em class="emupright">Columbus</em> tribe:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Some Boding augur did his Name devise,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thy Genius too cast in th’ same mould and size;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">His Name predicted he would be a Rover,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And hidden places of this Orb discover;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">He made relation of that World in gross,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou the particulars retail’st to us:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">By this first Peny of thy fancy we</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Discover what thy greater Coines will be;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">This Embryo thus well polisht doth presage,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The manly Atchievements of its future age.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Auspicious winds blow gently on this spark,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Untill its flames discover what’s yet dark;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Mean while this short Abridgement we embrace,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Expecting that thy busy soul will trace</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Some Mines at last which may enrich the World,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And all that poverty may be in oblivion hurl’d.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Zoilus is dumb, for thou the mark hast hit,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">By interlacing History with Wit:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou hast described its superficial Treasure,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Anatomiz’d its bowels at thy leasure;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That <em class="emupright">MARY-LAND</em>
- to thee may duty owe,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Who to the World dost all her Glory shew;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then thou shalt make the Prophesie fall true,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Who fill’st the World (like th’ Sea) with knowledge new.</div>
-</div><div class="dstanzalft">
-<div class="poemcite"><span class="smcap">W<b>ILLIAM</b></span>
- <span class="smcap">B<b>OGHERST.</b></span> (See
- note No. <a href="#note09" title="go to n&#x6f;te 9">9</a>.)</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h2 class="h2herein">To my Friend Mr.
-<span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP,</b></span> on his Character of
-MARY-LAND.</h2>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
-<div class="dpp00">This plain, yet pithy and concise Description</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Of <em class="emupright">Mary-Lands</em>
- plentious and sedate condition,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">With other things herein by you set forth,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To shew its Rareness, and declare its Worth;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Compos’d in such a time, when most men were</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Smitten with Sickness, or surpriz’d with Fear,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Argues a Genius good, and Courage stout,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In bringing this Design so well about:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Such generous Freedom waited on thy brain,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The Work was done in midst of greatest pain;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And matters flow’d so swiftly from thy source,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Nature design’d thee (sure) for such Discourse.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Go on then with thy Work so well begun,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Let it come forth, and boldly see the Sun;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then shall’t be known to all, that from thy Youth</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou heldst it Noble to maintain the Truth,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">’Gainst all the Rabble-rout, that yelping stand,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To cast aspersions on thy
- <em class="emupright">MARY-LAND:</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">But this thy Work shall vindicate its Fame,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And as a Trophy memorize thy Name,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">So if without a Tomb thou buried be,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">This Book’s a lasting Monument for thee.</div>
-</div><div class="stanza">
-<div class="poemcite">H. W., Master of Arts. (See
- note No. <a href="#note10" title="go to n&#x6f;te 10">10</a>).</div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p class="fsz7 phanga">From my Study,<br />
-<i>Jan.</i> 10, 1665.</p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p034">
-<div class="dctr01"><img src="images/i044.jpg"
-width="800" height="588" alt="" />
-<div class="dcaption">
-
-<p id="p034a">A Land-skip of the
-Province of <span class="smcap">M<b>ARY</b></span> <span
-class="smmaj">LAND</span> Or the Lord Baltimors Plantation neere
-<span class="spwrdspc1">Virginia By</span> Geo: Alsop Gent.</p>
-
-<p class="psignature padtopc">Am.
-Photo-Lithographic Co. N.Y. Osborne’s Process</p>
-</div></div><!--dctr01--></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p035">
-<div class="fsz3 spltrspacea padtopc">
-<span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz6">CHARACTER</span><br />
-
-<span class="fsz9"><span class="smmaj">OF THE</span>
- PROVINCE <span class="smmaj">OF</span></span><br />
-
-MARY-LAND.</div>
-
-<h2 class="h2herein-b">CHAP. I.
-<span class="hsmall spitalic">Of
-the situation and plenty of the Province of<br />
-<em class="emupright">Mary-Land.</em></span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">M</span></span>ARY-LAND
-is a Province situated upon the
-large extending bowels of <i>America</i>, under the
-Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>, adjacent Northwardly
-upon the Confines of <i>New-England</i>, and
-neighbouring Southwardly upon <i>Virginia</i>, dwelling
-pleasantly upon the Bay of <i>Chæsapike</i> (see
-note No.
-<a href="#note11" title="go to n&#x6f;te 11">11</a>)
-between the Degrees of 36 and 38, in the Zone
-temperate, and by Mathematical computation is eleven
-hundred and odd Leagues in Longitude from <i>England</i>,
-being within her own imbraces extraordinary pleasant
-and fertile. Pleasant, in respect of the multitude of
-Navigable Rivers and Creeks that conveniently and
-most profitably lodge within the armes of her green,
-spreading, and delightful Woods; whose natural
-womb (by her plenty) maintains and preserves the
-several diversities of Animals that rangingly inhabit
-her Woods; as she doth otherwise
-generously fructifie <span class="xxpn" id="p036">{36}</span>
-this piece of Earth with almost all sorts of Vegetables,
-as well Flowers with their varieties of colours and
-smells, as Herbes and Roots with their several effects
-and operative virtues, that offer their benefits daily to
-supply the want of the Inhabitant whene’re their
-necessities shall <i>Sub-pœna</i> them to wait on their commands.
-So that he, who out of curiosity desires to
-see the Landskip of the Creation drawn to the life, or
-to read Natures universal Herbal without book, may
-with the Opticks of a discreet discerning, view <i>Mary-Land</i>
-drest in her green and fragrant Mantle of the
-Spring. Neither do I think there is any place under
-the Heavenly altitude, or that has footing or room
-upon the circular Globe of this world, that can parallel
-this fertile and pleasant piece of ground in its multiplicity,
-or rather Natures extravagancy of a superabounding
-plenty. For so much doth this Country
-increase in a swelling Spring-tide of rich variety and
-diversities of all things, not only common provisions
-that supply the reaching stomach of man with a
-satisfactory plenty, but also extends with its liberality
-and free convenient benefits to each sensitive faculty,
-according to their several desiring Appetites. So that
-had Nature made it her business, on purpose to have
-found out a situation for the Soul of profitable Ingenuity,
-she could not have fitted herself better in the
-traverse of the whole Universe, nor in convenienter
-terms have told man, <i>Dwell here, live plentifully and
-be rich</i>. <span class="xxpn" id="p037">{37}</span></p>
-
-<p>The Trees, Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and Roots that
-grow here in <i>Mary-Land</i>, are the only Emblems or
-Hieroglyphicks of our Adamitical or Primitive situation,
-as well for their variety as odoriferous smells,
-together with their vertues, according to their several
-effects, kinds and properties, which still bear the Effigies
-of Innocency according to their original Grafts;
-which by their dumb vegetable Oratory, each hour
-speaks to the Inhabitant in silent acts, That they
-need not look for any other Terrestrial Paradice, to
-suspend or tyre their curiosity upon, while she is
-extant. For within her doth dwell so much of
-variety, so much of natural plenty, that there is not
-any thing that is or may be rare, but it inhabits
-within this plentious soyle: So that those parts of
-the Creation that have borne the Bell away (for many
-ages) for a vegetable plentiousness, must now in
-silence strike and vayle all, and whisper softly in the
-auditual parts of <i>Mary-Land</i>, that <i>None but she in this
-dwells singular</i>; and that as well for that she doth
-exceed in those Fruits, Plants, Trees and Roots, that
-dwell and grow in their several Clymes or habitable
-parts of the Earth besides, as the rareness and super-excellency
-of her own glory, which she flourishly
-abounds in, by the abundancy of reserved Rarities,
-such as the remainder of the World (with all its
-speculative art) never bore any occular testimony of
-as yet. I shall forbear to particularize those several
-sorts of vegetables that flourishingly
-grows here, by <span class="xxpn" id="p038">{38}</span>
-reason of the vast tediousness that will attend upon
-the description, which therefore makes them much
-more fit for an Herbal, than a small Manuscript or
-History. (See note No. <a href="#note12" title="go to n&#x6f;te 12">12</a>).</p>
-
-<p>As for the wilde Animals of this Country, which
-loosely inhabits the Woods in multitudes, it is impossible
-to give you an exact description of them all,
-considering the multiplicity as well as the diversity of
-so numerous an extent of Creatures: But such as has
-fallen within the compass or prospect of my knowledge,
-those you shall know of; <i>videlicet</i>, the Deer, because
-they are oftner seen, and more participated of by the
-Inhabitants of the Land, whose acquaintance by a
-customary familiarity becomes much more common
-than the rest of Beasts that inhabit the Woods by
-using themselves in Herds about the Christian Plantations.
-Their flesh, which in some places of this
-Province is the common provision the Inhabitants
-feed on, and which through the extreme glut and
-plenty of it, being daily killed by the <i>Indians</i>, and
-brought in to the <i>English</i>, as well as that which is
-killed by the Christian Inhabitant, that doth it more
-for recreation, than for the benefit they reap by it.
-I say, the flesh of Venison becomes (as to food) rather
-denyed, than any way esteemed or desired. And this
-I speak from an experimental knowledge; For when
-I was under a Command, and debarr’d of a four years
-ranging Liberty in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, the
-Gentleman whom I served
-my conditional and <span class="xxpn" id="p039">{39}</span>
-prefixed time withall, had at one time in his house fourscore
-Venisons, besides plenty of other provisions to
-serve his Family nine months, they being but seven
-in number; so that before this Venison was brought
-to a period by eating, it so nauseated our appetites
-and stomachs, that plain bread was rather courted
-and desired than it.</p>
-
-<p>The Deer (see
-note No. <a href="#note13" title="go to n&#x6f;te 13">13</a>)
-here neither in shape
-nor action differ from our Deer in <i>England</i>: the Park
-they traverse their ranging and unmeasured walks in,
-is bounded and impanell’d in with no other pales than
-the rough and billowed Ocean: They are also mighty
-numerous in the Woods, and are little or not at all
-affrighted at the face of a man, but (like the Does of
-<i>Whetstons</i> Park) (see
-note No. <a href="#note14" title="go to n&#x6f;te 14">14</a>)
-though their hydes
-are not altogether so gaudy to extract an admiration
-from the beholder, yet they will stand (all most) till
-they be scratcht.</p>
-
-<p>As for the Wolves, Bears, and Panthers (see
-note
-No. <a href="#note15" title="go to n&#x6f;te 15">15</a>)
-of this Country, they inhabit commonly in
-great multitudes up in the remotest parts of the Continent;
-yet at some certain time they come down
-near the Plantations, but do little hurt or injury
-worth noting, and that which they do is of so degenerate
-and low a nature, (as in reference to the fierceness
-and heroick vigour that dwell in the same kind of
-Beasts in other Countries), that they are hardly worth
-mentioning: For the highest of their designs and
-circumventing reaches is but
-cowardly
-and base, only <span class="xxpn" id="p040">{40}</span>
-to steal a poor Pigg, or kill a lost and half starved
-Calf. The Effigies of a man terrifies them dreadfully,
-for they no sooner espy him but their hearts are at
-their mouths, and the spurs upon their heels, they
-(having no more manners than Beasts) gallop away,
-and never bid them farewell that are behind them.</p>
-
-<p>The Elke, the Cat of the Mountain, the Rackoon,
-the Fox, the Beaver, the Otter, the Possum, the Hare,
-the Squirril, the Monack, the Musk-Rat (see
-note
-No. <a href="#note16" title="go to n&#x6f;te 16">16</a>)
-and several others (whom I’le omit for
-brevity sake) inhabit here in <i>Mary-Land</i> in several
-droves and troops, ranging the Woods at their
-pleasure.</p>
-
-<p>The meat of most of these Creatures is good for
-eating, yet of no value nor esteem here, by reason of
-the great plenty of other provisions, and are only
-kill’d by the <i>Indians</i> of the Country for their Hydes
-and Furrs, which become very profitable to those that
-have the right way of traffiquing for them, as well as
-it redounds to the <i>Indians</i> that take the pains to catch
-them, and to slay and dress their several Hydes,
-selling and disposing them for such commodities as
-their Heathenish fancy delights in.</p>
-
-<p>As for those Beasts that were carried over at the
-first seating of the Country, to stock and increase the
-situation, as Cows, Horses, Sheep and Hogs (see
-note
-No. <a href="#note17" title="go to n&#x6f;te 17">17</a>)
-they are generally tame, and use near home,
-especially the Cows, Sheep and Horses. The Hogs,
-whose increase is innumerable in
-the Woods, do <span class="xxpn" id="p041">{41}</span>
-disfrequent home more than the rest of Creatures that
-are look’d upon as tame, yet with little trouble and
-pains they are slain and made provision of. Now
-they that will with a right Historical Survey, view
-the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i> in this particular, as in
-reference to Swine, must upon necessity judge this
-Land lineally descended from the <i>Gadarean</i> Territories.
-(See note No. <a href="#note18" title="go to n&#x6f;te 18">18</a>.)</p>
-
-<p><i>Mary-Land</i> (I must confess) cannot boast of her
-plenty of Sheep here, as other Countries; not but
-that they will thrive and increase here, as well as in
-any place of the World besides, but few desire them,
-because they commonly draw down the Wolves among
-the Plantations, as well by the sweetness of their
-flesh, as by the humility of their nature, in not
-making a defensive resistance against the rough dealing
-of a ravenous Enemy. They who for curiosity
-will keep Sheep, may expect that after the Wolves
-have breathed themselves all day in the Woods to
-sharpen their stomachs, they will come without fail
-and sup with them at night, though many times they
-surfeit themselves with the sawce that’s dish’d out of
-the muzzle of a Gun, and so in the midst of their
-banquet (poor Animals) they often sleep with their
-Ancestors.</p>
-
-<p>Fowls of all sorts and varieties dwell at their several
-times and seasons here in <i>Mary-Land</i>. The Turkey,
-the Woodcock, the Pheasant, the Partrich, the Pigeon,
-and others, especially the Turkey, whom
-I have seen <span class="xxpn" id="p042">{42}</span>
-in whole hundreds in flights in the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
-being an extraordinary fat Fowl, whose flesh
-is very pleasant and sweet. These Fowls that I have
-named are intayled from generation to generation to
-the Woods. The Swans, the Geese and Ducks (with
-other Water-Fowl) derogate in this point of setled
-residence; for they arrive in millionous multitudes in
-<i>Mary-Land</i> about the middle of <i>September</i>, and take
-their winged farewell about the midst of <i>March</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note19" title="go to n&#x6f;te 19">19</a>)
-But while they do remain, and beleagure
-the borders of the shoar with their winged
-Dragoons, several of them are summoned by a Writ
-of <i>Fieri facias</i>, to answer their presumptuous contempt
-upon a Spit.</p>
-
-<p>As for Fish, which dwell in the watry tenements
-of the deep, and by a providential greatness of power,
-is kept for the relief of several Countries in the world
-(which would else sink under the rigid enemy of
-want), here in <i>Mary-Land</i> is a large sufficiency, and
-plenty of almost all sorts of Fishes, which live and
-inhabit within her several Rivers and Creeks, far
-beyond the apprehending or crediting of those that
-never saw the same, which with very much ease is
-catched, to the great refreshment of the Inhabitants
-of the Province.</p>
-
-<p>All sorts of Grain, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oates,
-Pease, besides several others that have their original
-and birth from the fertile womb of this Land (and no
-where else), they all grow, increase,
-and thrive here <span class="xxpn" id="p043">{43}</span>
-in <i>Mary-Land</i>, without the chargable and laborious
-manuring of the Land with Dung; increasing in such
-a measure and plenty, by the natural richness of the
-Earth, with the common, beneficial and convenient
-showers of rain that usually wait upon the several
-Fields of Grain (by a natural instinct), so that Famine
-(the dreadful Ghost of penury and want) is never
-known with his pale visage to haunt the Dominions
-of <i>Mary-Land</i>. (See note No. <a href="#note20" title="go to n&#x6f;te 20">20</a>).</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Could’st thou (O Earth) live thus obscure, and now</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Within an Age, shew forth thy plentious brow</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Of rich variety, gilded with fruitful Fame,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That (Trumpet-like) doth Heraldize thy Name,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And tells the World there is a Land now found,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That all Earth’s Globe can’t parallel its Ground?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Dwell, and be prosperous, and with thy plenty feed</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The craving Carkesses of those Souls that need.</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p044">
-<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. II.
-<span class="hsmall spitalic">Of the Government and Natural Disposition of the
-People.</span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">M</span></span>ARY-LAND,
-not from the remoteness of her
-situation, but from the regularity of her well
-ordered Government, may (without sin, I think) be
-called <i>Singular</i>: And though she is not supported
-with such large Revenues as some of her Neighbours
-are, yet such is her wisdom in a reserved silence, and
-not in pomp, to shew her well-conditioned Estate, in
-relieving at a distance the proud poverty of those that
-wont be seen they want, as well as those which by
-undeniable necessities are drove upon the Rocks of
-pinching wants: Yet such a loathsome creature is a
-common and folding-handed Beggar, that upon the
-penalty of almost a perpetual working in Imprisonment,
-they are not to appear, nor lurk near our
-vigilant and laborious dwellings. The Country hath
-received a general spleen and antipathy against the
-very name and nature of it; and though there were
-no Law provided (as there is) to suppress it, I am
-certainly confident, there is none within the Province
-that would lower themselves so much below the dignity
-of men to beg, as long as limbs and life keep
-house together; so much is a vigilant industrious care
-esteem’d. <span class="xxpn" id="p045">{45}</span></p>
-
-<p>He that desires to see the real Platform of a quiet
-and sober Government extant, Superiority with a
-meek and yet commanding power sitting at the
-Helme, steering the actions of State quietly, through
-the multitude and diversity of Opinionous waves that
-diversly meet, let him look on <i>Mary-Land</i> with eyes
-admiring, and he’ll then judge her, <i>The Miracle of
-this Age</i>.</p>
-
-<p>Here the <i>Roman Catholick</i>, and the <i>Protestant Episcopal</i>
-(whom the world would perswade have proclaimed
-open Wars irrevocably against each other),
-contrarywise concur in an unanimous parallel of
-friendship, and inseparable love intayled into one
-another: All Inquisitions, Martyrdom, and Banishments
-are not so much as named, but unexpressably
-abhorr’d by each other.</p>
-
-<p>The several Opinions and Sects that lodge within
-this Government, meet not together in mutinous contempts
-to disquiet the power that bears Rule, but
-with a reverend quietness obeys the legal commands
-of Authority. (See note No. <a href="#note21" title="go to n&#x6f;te 21">21</a>)
-Here’s never seen
-Five Monarchies in a Zealous Rebellion, opposing the
-Rights and Liberties of a true setled Government, or
-Monarchical Authority: Nor did I ever see (here in
-<i>Mary-Land</i>) any of those dancing Adamitical Sisters,
-that plead a primitive Innocency for their base
-obscenity, and naked deportment; but I conceive if
-some of them were there at some certain time of the
-year, between the Months of
-<i>January</i> and <i>February</i>, <span class="xxpn" id="p046">{46}</span>
-when the winds blow from the North-West quarter of
-the world, that it would both cool, and (I believe)
-convert the hottest of these Zealots from their burning
-and fiercest concupiscence. (See note No. <a href="#note22" title="go to n&#x6f;te 22">22</a>).</p>
-
-<p>The Government of this Province doth continually,
-by all lawful means, strive to purge her Dominions
-from such base corroding humors, that would predominate
-upon the least smile of Liberty, did not the Laws
-check and bridle in those unwarranted and tumultuous
-Opinions. And truly, where a kingdom, State or
-Government, keeps or cuts down the weeds of destructive
-Opinions, there must certainly be a blessed harmony
-of quietness. And I really believe this Land or
-Government of <i>Mary-Land</i> may boast, that she enjoys
-as much quietness from the disturbance of Rebellious
-Opinions, as most States or Kingdoms do in the
-world: For here every man lives quietly, and follows
-his labour and imployment desiredly; and by the
-protection of the Laws, they are supported from those
-molestious troubles that ever attend upon the Commons
-of other States and Kingdoms, as well as from
-the Aquafortial operation of great and eating Taxes.
-Here’s nothing to be levyed out of the Granaries of
-Corn; but contrarywise, by a Law every Domestick
-Governor of a Family is enjoyned to make or cause
-to be made so much Corn by a just limitation, as shall
-be sufficient for him and his Family (see
-note No. <a href="#note23" title="go to n&#x6f;te 23">23</a>):
-So that by this wise and <i>Janus</i>-like providence, the
-thin-jawed Skeliton with his starv’d
-Carkess is never <span class="xxpn" id="p047">{47}</span>
-seen walking the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i> to affrighten
-Children.</p>
-
-<p>Once every year within this Province is an Assembly
-called, and out of every respective County (by the
-consent of the people) there is chosen a number of
-men, and to them is deliver’d up the Grievances of the
-Country; and they maturely debate the matters, and
-according to their Consciences make Laws for the
-general good of the people; and where any former
-Law that was made, seems and is prejudicial to the
-good or quietness of the Land, it is repeal’d. These
-men that determine on these matters for the Republique,
-are called Burgesses, and they commonly sit in
-Junto about six weeks, being for the most part good
-ordinary Householders of the several Counties, which
-do more by a plain and honest Conscience, than by
-artificial Syllogisms drest up in gilded Orations. (See
-note No. <a href="#note24" title="go to n&#x6f;te 24">24</a>).</p>
-
-<p>Here Suits and Tryals in Law seldome hold dispute
-two Terms or Courts, but according as the Equity of
-the Cause appears is brought to a period. (See note
-No. <a href="#note25" title="go to n&#x6f;te 25">25</a>)
-The <i>Temples</i> and <i>Grays-Inne</i> are clear out
-of fashion here: Marriot (see
-note No. <a href="#note26" title="go to n&#x6f;te 26">26</a>)
-would
-sooner get a paunch-devouring meal for nothing, than
-for his invading Counsil. Here if the Lawyer had
-nothing else to maintain him but his bawling, he
-might button up his Chops, and burn his Buckrom
-Bag, or else hang it upon a pin untill its Antiquity
-had eaten it up with durt and dust:
-Then with a <span class="xxpn" id="p048">{48}</span>
-Spade, like his Grandsire <i>Adam</i>, turn up the face of
-the Creation, purchasing his bread by the sweat of his
-brows, that before was got by the motionated Water-works
-of his jaws. So contrary to the Genius of the
-people, if not to the quiet Government of the Province,
-that the turbulent Spirit of continued and vexatious
-Law, with all its querks and evasions, is openly and
-most eagerly opposed, that might make matters either
-dubious, tedious, or troublesom. All other matters
-that would be ranging in contrary and improper
-Spheres, (in short) are here by the Power moderated,
-lower’d and subdued. All villanous Outrages that
-are committed in other States, are not so much as
-known here: A man may walk in the open Woods
-as secure from being externally dissected, as in his
-own house or dwelling. So hateful is a Robber, that
-if but once imagin’d to be so, he’s kept at a distance,
-and shun’d as the Pestilential noysomness. (See note
-No. <a href="#note27" title="go to n&#x6f;te 27">27</a>).</p>
-
-<p>It is generally and very remarkably observed, That
-those whose Lives and Conversations have had no
-other gloss nor glory stampt on them in their own
-Country, but the stigmatization of baseness, were here
-(by the common civilities and deportments of the
-Inhabitants of this Province) brought to detest and
-loath their former actions. Here the Constable hath
-no need of a train of Holberteers (see
-note No. <a href="#note28" title="go to n&#x6f;te 28">28</a>),
-that carry more Armour about them, than heart to
-guard him: Nor is he ever troubled
-to leave his <span class="xxpn" id="p049">{49}</span>
-Feathered Nest to some friendly successor, while he
-is placing of his Lanthern-horn Guard at the end of
-some suspicious Street, to catch some Night-walker,
-or Batchelor of Leachery, that has taken his Degree
-three story high in a Bawdy-house. Here’s no <i>Newgates</i>
-for pilfering Felons, nor <i>Ludgates</i> for Debtors,
-nor any <i>Bridewels</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note29" title="go to n&#x6f;te 29">29</a>)
-to lash the soul
-of Concupiscence into a chast Repentance. For as
-there is none of these Prisons in <i>Mary-Land</i>, so the
-merits of the Country deserves none, but if any be
-foully vitious, he is so reserv’d in it, that he seldom
-or never becomes popular. Common Alehouses (whose
-dwellings are the only Receptacles of debauchery and
-baseness, and those Schools that trains up Youth, as
-well as Age, to ruine), in this Province there are
-none; neither hath Youth his swing or range in such
-a profuse and unbridled liberty as in other Countries;
-for from an antient Custom at the primitive seating
-of the place, the Son works as well as the Servant (an
-excellent cure for untam’d Youth), so that before they
-eat their bread, they are commonly taught how to
-earn it; which makes them by that time Age speaks
-them capable of receiving that which their Parents
-indulgency is ready to give them, and which partly
-is by their own laborious industry purchased, they
-manage it with such a serious, grave and watching
-care, as if they had been Masters of Families, trained
-up in that domestick and governing power from their
-Cradles. These Christian Natives
-of the Land, <span class="xxpn" id="p050">{50}</span>
-especially those of the Masculine Sex, are generally conveniently
-confident, reservedly subtile, quick in
-apprehending, but slow in resolving; and where they
-spy profit sailing towards them with the wings of a
-prosperous gale, there they become much familiar.
-The Women differ something in this point, though
-not much: They are extreme bashful at the first
-view, but after a continuance of time hath brought
-them acquainted, there they become discreetly familiar,
-and are much more talkative then men. All
-Complemental Courtships, drest up in critical Rarities,
-are meer strangers to them, plain wit comes nearest
-their Genius; so that he that intends to Court a
-<i>Mary-Land</i> Girle, must have something more than
-the Tautologies of a long-winded speech to carry on
-his design, or else he may (for ought I know) fall
-under the contempt of her frown, and his own windy
-Oration. (See note No. <a href="#note30" title="go to n&#x6f;te 30">30</a>).</p>
-
-<p>One great part of the Inhabitants of this Province
-are desiredly Zealous, great pretenders to Holiness;
-and where any thing appears that carries on the
-Frontispiece of its Effigies the stamp of Religion,
-though fundamentally never so imperfect, they are
-suddenly taken with it, and out of an eager desire to
-any thing that’s new, not weighing the sure matter in
-the Ballance of Reason, are very apt to be catcht.
-(See note No. <a href="#note31" title="go to n&#x6f;te 31">31</a>)
-<i>Quakerism</i> is the only Opinion
-that bears the Bell away (see
-note No. <a href="#note32" title="go to n&#x6f;te 32">32</a>)
-The
-<i>Anabaptists</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note33" title="go to n&#x6f;te 33">33</a>)
-have little
-to say here, <span class="xxpn" id="p051">{51}</span>
-as well as in other places, since the Ghost of <i>John</i> of
-<i>Leyden</i> haunts their Conventicles. The <i>Adamite</i>,
-<i>Ranter</i>, and <i>Fifty-Monarchy men</i>, <i>Mary-Land</i> cannot,
-nay will not digest within her liberal stomach such
-corroding morsels: So that this Province is an utter
-Enemy to blasphemous and zealous Imprecations,
-drain’d from the Lymbeck of hellish and damnable
-Spirits, as well as profuse prophaness, that issues from
-the prodigality of none but cract-brain Sots.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">’Tis said the Gods lower down that Chain above,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That tyes both Prince and Subject up in Love;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And if this Fiction of the Gods be true,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Few, <em class="emupright">Mary-Land,</em>
- in this can boast but you:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Live ever blest, and let those Clouds that do</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Eclipse most States, be always Lights to you;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And dwelling so, you may for ever be</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The only Emblem of Tranquility.</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p052">
-<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. III.
-<span class="hsmall spitalic">The necessariness of
-Servitude proved, with the common usage of Servants in
-<em class="emupright">Mary-Land</em>, together with their
-Priviledges.</span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span><span class="smmaj">S</span>
-there can be no Monarchy without the Supremacy
-of a King and Crown, nor no King without
-Subjects, nor any Parents without it be by the
-fruitful off-spring of Children; neither can there be
-any Masters, unless it be by the inferior Servitude of
-those that dwell under them, by a commanding enjoynment:
-And since it is ordained from the original
-and superabounding wisdom of all things, That there
-should be Degrees and Diversities amongst the Sons
-of men, in acknowledging of a Superiority from Inferiors
-to Superiors; the Servant with a reverent and
-befitting Obedience is as liable to this duty in a
-measurable performance to him whom he serves, as
-the loyalest of Subjects to his Prince. Then since it
-is a common and ordained Fate, that there must be
-Servants as well as Masters, and that good Servitudes
-are those Colledges of Sobriety that checks in the
-giddy and wild-headed youth from his profuse and
-uneven course of life, by a limited constrainment, as
-well as it otherwise agrees with the moderate and discreet
-Servant: Why should there be
-such an exclusive <span class="xxpn" id="p053">{53}</span>
-Obstacle in the minds and unreasonable dispositions
-of many people, against the limited time of convenient
-and necessary Servitude, when it is a thing so requisite,
-that the best of Kingdoms would be unhing’d
-from their quiet and well setled Government without
-it. Which levelling doctrine we here of <i>England</i> in
-this latter age (whose womb was truss’d out with
-nothing but confused Rebellion) have too much experienced,
-and was daily rung into the ears of the
-tumultuous Vulgar by the Bell-weather Sectaries of
-the Times: But (blessed be God) those Clouds are
-blown over, and the Government of the Kingdom
-coucht under a more stable form.</p>
-
-<p>There is no truer Emblem of Confusion either in
-Monarchy or Domestick Governments, then when
-either the Subject, or the Servant, strives for the
-upper hand of his Prince, or Master, and to be equal
-with him, from whom he receives his present subsistance:
-Why then, if Servitude be so necessary that no
-place can be governed in order, nor people live without
-it, this may serve to tell those which prick up their
-ears and bray against it, That they are none but
-Asses, and deserve the Bridle of a strict commanding
-power to reine them in: For I’me certainly confident,
-that there are several Thousands in most Kingdoms
-of Christendom, that could not at all live and subsist,
-unless they had served some prefixed time, to learn
-either some Trade, Art, or Science, and by either of
-them to extract
-their present livelihood. <span class="xxpn" id="p054">{54}</span></p>
-
-<p>Then methinks this may stop the mouths of those
-that will undiscreetly compassionate them that dwell
-under necessary Servitudes; for let but Parents of
-an indifferent capacity in Estates, when their Childrens
-age by computation speak them seventeen or
-eighteen years old, turn them loose to the wide world,
-without a seven years working Apprenticeship (being
-just brought up to the bare formality of a little reading
-and writing) and you shall immediately see how
-weak and shiftless they’le be towards the maintaining
-and supporting of themselves; and (without either
-stealing or begging) their bodies like a Sentinel must
-continually wait to see when their Souls will be
-frighted away by the pale Ghost of a starving want.</p>
-
-<p>Then let such, where Providence hath ordained to
-live as Servants, either in <i>England</i> or beyond Sea,
-endure the prefixed yoak of their limited time with
-patience, and then in a small computation of years,
-by an industrious endeavour, they may become Masters
-and Mistresses of Families themselves. And let
-this be spoke to the deserved praise of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
-That the four years I served there were not to me so
-slavish, as a two years Servitude of a Handicraft
-Apprenticeship was here in <i>London</i>; <i>Volenti enim nil
-difficile</i>: Not that I write this to seduce or delude
-any, or to draw them from their native soyle, but out
-of a love to my Countrymen, whom in the general I
-wish well to, and that the lowest of them may live in
-such a capacity of Estate, as that the
-bare interest of <span class="xxpn" id="p055">{55}</span>
-their Livelihoods might not altogether depend upon
-persons of the greatest extendments.</p>
-
-<p>Now those whose abilities here in <i>England</i> are
-capable of maintaining themselves in any reasonable
-and handsom manner, they had best so to remain,
-lest the roughness of the Ocean, together with the
-staring visages of the wilde Animals, which they
-may see after their arrival into the Country, may
-alter the natural dispositions of their bodies, that
-the stay’d and solid part that kept its motion by
-Doctor <i>Trigs</i> purgationary operation, may run beyond
-the byas of the wheel in a violent and laxative confusion.</p>
-
-<p>Now contrarywise, they who are low, and make
-bare shifts to buoy themselves up above the shabby
-center of beggarly and incident casualties, I heartily
-could wish the removal of some of them into <i>Mary-Land</i>,
-which would make much better for them that
-stay’d behind, as well as it would advantage those
-that went.</p>
-
-<p>They whose abilities cannot extend to purchase
-their own transportation into <i>Mary-Land</i> (and surely
-he that cannot command so small a sum for so great
-a matter, his life must needs be mighty low and
-dejected), I say they may for the debarment of a four
-years sordid liberty, go over into this Province and
-there live plentiously well. And what’s a four years
-Servitude to advantage a man all the remainder of
-his dayes, making his predecessors
-happy in his <span class="xxpn" id="p056">{56}</span>
-sufficient abilities, which he attained to partly by the
-restrainment of so small a time?</p>
-
-<p>Now those that commit themselves into the care of
-the Merchant to carry them over, they need not
-trouble themselves with any inquisitive search touching
-their Voyage; for there is such an honest care
-and provision made for them all the time they remain
-aboard the Ship, and are sailing over, that they want
-for nothing that is necessary and convenient.</p>
-
-<p>The Merchant commonly before they go aboard the
-Ship, or set themselves in any forwardness for their
-Voyage, has Conditions of Agreements drawn between
-him and those that by a voluntary consent become
-his Servants, to serve him, his Heirs or Assigns,
-according as they in their primitive acquaintance
-have made their bargain (see
-note No. <a href="#note34" title="go to n&#x6f;te 34">34</a>)
-some two,
-some three, some four years; and whatever the Master
-or Servant tyes himself up to here in <i>England</i> by
-Condition, the Laws of the Province will force a performance
-of when they come there: Yet here is this
-Priviledge in it when they arrive, If they dwell not
-with the Merchant they made their first agreement
-withall, they may choose whom they will serve their
-prefixed time with; and after their curiosity has
-pitcht on one whom they think fit for their turn, and
-that they may live well withall, the Merchant makes
-an Assignment of the Indenture over to him whom
-they of their free will have chosen to be their Master,
-in the same nature as we here in
-<i>England</i> (and no <span class="xxpn" id="p057">{57}</span>
-otherwise) turn over Covenant Servants or Apprentices
-from one Master to another. Then let those
-whose chaps are always breathing forth those filthy
-dregs of abusive exclamations, which are Lymbeckt
-from their sottish and preposterous brains, against
-this Country of <i>Mary-Land</i>, saying, That those which
-are transported over thither, are sold in open Market
-for Slaves, and draw in Carts like Horses; which is
-so damnable an untruth, that if they should search to
-the very Center of Hell, and enquire for a Lye of the
-most antient and damned stamp, I confidently believe
-they could not find one to parallel this: For know,
-That the Servants here in <i>Mary-Land</i> of all Colonies,
-distant or remote Plantations, have the least cause to
-complain, either for strictness of Servitude, want of
-Provisions, or need of Apparel: Five dayes and a half
-in the Summer weeks is the alotted time that they
-work in; and for two months, when the Sun predominates
-in the highest pitch of his heat, they claim an
-antient and customary Priviledge, to repose themselves
-three hours in the day within the house, and this is
-undeniably granted to them that work in the Fields.</p>
-
-<p>In the Winter time, which lasteth three months
-(viz.), <i>December</i>, <i>January</i>, and <i>February</i>, they do little
-or no work or imployment, save cutting of wood to
-make good fires to sit by, unless their Ingenuity will
-prompt them to hunt the Deer, or Bear, or recreate
-themselves in Fowling, to slaughter the Swans, Geese,
-and Turkeys (which this Country affords
-in a most <span class="xxpn" id="p058">{58}</span>
-plentiful manner): For every Servant has a Gun,
-Powder and Shot allowed him, to sport him withall
-on all Holidayes and leasurable times, if he be capable
-of using it, or be willing to learn.</p>
-
-<p>Now those Servants which come over into this
-Province, being Artificers, they never (during their
-Servitude) work in the Fields, or do any other imployment
-save that which their Handicraft and Mechanick
-endeavours are capable of putting them upon, and are
-esteem’d as well by their Masters, as those that imploy
-them, above measure. He that’s a Tradesman here
-in <i>Mary-Land</i> (though a Servant), lives as well as
-most common Handicrafts do in <i>London</i>, though they
-may want something of that Liberty which Freemen
-have, to go and come at their pleasure; yet if it were
-rightly understood and considered, what most of the
-Liberties of the several poor Tradesmen are taken up
-about, and what a care and trouble attends that thing
-they call Liberty, which according to the common
-translation is but Idleness, and (if weighed in the
-Ballance of a just Reason) will be found to be much
-heavier and cloggy then the four years restrainment
-of a <i>Mary-Land</i> Servitude. He that lives in the
-nature of a Servant in this Province, must serve but
-four years by the Custom of the Country; and when
-the expiration of his time speaks him a Freeman,
-there’s a Law in the Province, that enjoyns his Master
-whom he hath served to give him Fifty Acres of Land,
-Corn to serve him a whole year, three
-Suits of Apparel, <span class="xxpn" id="p059">{59}</span>
-with things necessary to them, and Tools to work
-withall; so that they are no sooner free, but they are
-ready to set up for themselves, and when once entred,
-they live passingly well. (See note No. <a href="#note35" title="go to n&#x6f;te 35">35</a>).</p>
-
-<p>The Women that go over into this Province as Servants,
-have the best luck here as in any place of the
-world besides; for they are no sooner on shoar, but
-they are courted into a Copulative Matrimony, which
-some of them (for aught I know) had they not come to
-such a Market with their Virginity, might have kept
-it by them untill it had been mouldy, unless they had
-let it out by a yearly rent to some of the Inhabitants
-of <i>Lewknors-Lane</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note36" title="go to n&#x6f;te 36">36</a>)
-or made a Deed
-of Gift of it to Mother <i>Coney</i>, having only a poor
-stipend out of it, untill the Gallows or Hospital called
-them away. Men have not altogether so good luck
-as Women in this kind, or natural preferment, without
-they be good Rhetoricians, and well vers’d in the
-Art of perswasion, then (probably) they may ryvet
-themselves in the time of their Servitude into the
-private and reserved favour of their Mistress, if Age
-speak their Master deficient.</p>
-
-<p>In short, touching the Servants of this Province,
-they live well in the time of their Service, and by
-their restrainment in that time, they are made capable
-of living much better when they come to be free;
-which in several other parts of the world I have
-observed, That after some servants have brought their
-indented and limited time to a just
-and legal period <span class="xxpn" id="p060">{60}</span>
-by Servitude, they have been much more incapable of
-supporting themselves from sinking into the Gulf of a
-slavish, poor, fettered, and intangled life, then all the
-fastness of their prefixed time did involve them in
-before.</p>
-
-<p>Now the main and principal Reason of those incident
-casualties, that wait continually upon the residences
-of most poor Artificers, is (I gather) from the
-multiciplicity or innumerableness of those several
-Companies of Tradesmen, that dwell so closely and
-stiflingly together in one and the same place, that
-like the chafing Gum in Watered-Tabby, they eat into
-the folds of one anothers Estates. And this might
-easily be remedied, would but some of them remove
-and disperse distantly where want and necessity calls
-for them; their dwellings (I am confident) would be
-much larger, and their conditions much better, as well
-in reference to their Estates, as to the satisfactoriness
-of their minds, having a continual imployment, and
-from that imployment a continual benefit, without
-either begging, seducing, or flattering for it, encroaching
-that one month from one of the same profession,
-that they are heaved out themselves the next. For
-I have observed on the other side of <i>Mary-Land</i>, that
-the whole course of most Mechanical endeavours, is
-to catch, snatch, and undervalue one another, to get
-a little work, or a Customer; which when they have
-attained by their lowbuilt and sneaking circumventings,
-it stands upon so flashy,
-mutable, and transitory <span class="xxpn" id="p061">{61}</span>
-a foundation, that the best of his hopes is commonly
-extinguisht before the poor undervalued Tradesman
-is warm in the enjoyment of his Customer.</p>
-
-<p>Then did not a cloud of low and base Cowardize
-eclipse the Spirits of these men, these things might
-easily be diverted; but they had as live take a Bear
-by the tooth, as think of leaving their own Country,
-though they live among their own National people,
-and are governed by the same Laws they have here,
-yet all this wont do with them; and all the Reason
-they can render to the contrary is, There’s a great
-Sea betwixt them and <i>Mary-Land</i>, and in that Sea
-there are Fishes, and not only Fishes but great Fishes,
-and then should a Ship meet with such an inconsiderable
-encounter as a Whale, one blow with his
-tayle, and then <i>Lord have Mercy upon us</i>: Yet meet
-with these men in their common Exchange, which is
-one story high in the bottom of a Celler, disputing
-over a Black-pot, it would be monstrously dreadful
-here to insert the particulars, one swearing that he
-was the first that scaled the Walls of <i>Dundee</i>, when
-the Bullets flew about their ears as thick as Hailstones
-usually fall from the Sky; which if it were but
-rightly examined, the most dangerous Engagement
-that ever he was in, was but at one of the flashy
-battels at <i>Finsbury</i>, (see
-note No. <a href="#note37" title="go to n&#x6f;te 37">37</a>)
-where commonly
-there’s more Custard greedily devoured, than
-men prejudiced by the rigour of the War. Others of
-this Company relating their
-several dreadful exploits, <span class="xxpn" id="p062">{62}</span>
-and when they are just entring into the particulars,
-let but one step in and interrupt their discourse, by
-telling them of a Sea Voyage, and the violency of
-storms that attends it, and that there are no back-doors
-to run out at, which they call, <i>a handsom
-Retreat and Charge again</i>; the apprehensive danger
-of this is so powerful and penetrating on them, that a
-damp sweat immediately involves their Microcosm,
-so that <i>Margery</i> the old Matron of the Celler, is fain
-to run for a half-peny-worth of <i>Angelica</i> to rub their
-nostrils; and though the Port-hole of their bodies
-has been stopt from a convenient Evacuation some
-several months, theyl’e need no other Suppository to
-open the Orifice of their Esculent faculties then this
-Relation, as their Drawers or Breeches can more at
-large demonstrate to the inquisitive search of the
-curious.</p>
-
-<p>Now I know that some will be apt to judge, that I
-have written this last part out of derision to some of
-my poor Mechanick Country-men: Truly I must
-needs tell those to their face that think so of me, that
-they prejudice me extremely, by censuring me as
-guilty of any such crime: What I have written is
-only to display the sordidness of their dispositions,
-who rather than they will remove to another Country
-to live plentiously well, and give their Neighbors
-more Elbow-room and space to breath in, they will
-croud and throng upon one another, with the pressure
-of a beggarly
-and unnecessary weight. <span class="xxpn" id="p063">{63}</span></p>
-
-<p>That which I have to say more in this business, is
-a hearty and desirous wish, that the several poor
-Tradesmen here in <i>London</i> that I know, and have
-borne an occular testimony of their want, might live
-so free from care as I did when I dwelt in the bonds
-of a four years Servitude in <i>Mary-Land</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Be just (Domestick Monarchs) unto them</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That dwell as Household Subjects to each Realm;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Let not your Power make you be too severe,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Where there’s small faults reign in your sharp Career:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">So that the Worlds base yelping Crew</div>
-<div class="dpp00">May’nt bark what I have wrote is writ untrue,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">So use your Servants, if there come no more,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">They may serve Eight, instead of serving Four.</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p064">
-<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. IV.
-<span class="hsmall spitalic">Upon Trafique, and what Merchandizing
-Commodities this Province affords, also how Tobacco is
-planted and made fit for Commerce.</span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span>Rafique,
-Commerce, and Trade, are those great
-wheeles that by their circular and continued
-motion, turn into most Kingdoms of the Earth the
-plenty of abundant Riches that they are commonly
-fed withall: For Trafique in his right description, is
-the very soul of a Kingdom; and should but Fate
-ordain a removal of it for some years, from the richest
-and most populous Monarchy that dwells in the most
-fertile clyme of the whole Universe, he would soon
-find by a woful experiment, the miss and loss of so
-reviving a supporter. And I am certainly confident,
-that <i>England</i> would as soon feel her feebleness by
-withdrawment of so great an upholder; as well in
-reference to the internal and healthful preservative of
-her Inhabitants, for want of those Medicinal Drugs
-that are landed upon her Coast every year, as the
-external profits, Glory and beneficial Graces that
-accrue by her.</p>
-
-<p><i>Paracelsus</i> might knock down his Forge, if Trafique
-and Commerce should once cease, and grynde the hilt
-of his Sword into Powder, and take some of the Infusion
-to make him so valorous, that he
-might cut his <span class="xxpn" id="p065">{65}</span>
-own Throat in the honor of <i>Mercury</i>: <i>Galen</i> might
-then burn his Herbal, and like <i>Joseph of Arimathea</i>,
-build him a Tomb in his Garden, and so rest from his
-labours: Our Physical Collegians of <i>London</i> would
-have no cause then to thunder Fire-balls at <i>Nich. Culpeppers</i>
-Dispensatory (see
-note No. <a href="#note38" title="go to n&#x6f;te 38">38</a>)
-All Herbs,
-Roots, and Medicines would bear their original christening,
-that the ignorant might understand them:
-<i>Album grecum</i> would not be <i>Album grecum</i> (see
-note
-No. <a href="#note39" title="go to n&#x6f;te 39">39</a>)
-then, but a Dogs turd would be a Dogs turd
-in plain terms, in spight of their teeth.</p>
-
-<p>If Trade should once cease, the Custom-house would
-soon miss her hundreds and thousands Hogs-heads of
-Tobacco (see
-note No. <a href="#note40" title="go to n&#x6f;te 40">40</a>)
-that use to be throng in
-her every year, as well as the Grocers would in their
-Ware-houses and Boxes, the Gentry and Commonalty
-in their Pipes, the Physician in his Drugs and Medicinal
-Compositions; The (leering) Waiters for want
-of imployment, might (like so many <i>Diogenes</i>) intomb
-themselves in their empty Casks, and rouling themselves
-off the Key into the <i>Thames</i>, there wander up
-and down from tide to tide in contemplation of <i>Aristotles</i>
-unresolved curiosity, until the rottenness of their
-circular habitation give them a <i>Quietus est</i>, and fairly
-surrender them up into the custody of those who both
-for profession, disposition and nature, lay as near
-claim to them, as if they both tumbled in one belly,
-and for name they jump alike, being according to the
-original
-translation both <i>Sharkes</i>. <span class="xxpn" id="p066">{66}</span></p>
-
-<p>Silks and Cambricks, and Lawns to make sleeves,
-would be as soon miss’d at Court, as Gold and Silver
-would be in the Mint and Pockets: The Low-Country
-Soldier would be at a cold stand for Outlandish Furrs
-to make him Muffs, to keep his ten similitudes warm
-in the Winter, as well as the Furrier for want of
-Skins to uphold his Trade.</p>
-
-<p>Should Commerce once cease, there is no Country
-in the habitable world but would undoubtedly miss
-that flourishing, splendid and rich gallantry of Equipage,
-that Trafique maintained and drest her up in,
-before she received that fatal Eclipse: <i>England</i>,
-<i>France</i>, <i>Germany</i> and <i>Spain</i>, together with all the
-Kingdoms——</p>
-
-<p>But stop (good Muse) lest I should, like the Parson
-of <i>Pancras</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note41" title="go to n&#x6f;te 41">41</a>)
-run so far from my Text
-in half an hour, that a two hours trot back again
-would hardly fetch it up: I had best while I am
-alive in my Doctrine, to think again of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
-lest the business of other Countries take up so much
-room in my brain, that I forget and bury her in
-oblivion.</p>
-
-<p>The three main Commodities this Country affords
-for Trafique, are Tobacco, Furrs, and Flesh. Furrs
-and Skins, as Beavers, Otters, Musk-Rats, Rackoons,
-Wild-Cats, and Elke or Bufieloe (see
-note No. <a href="#note42" title="go to n&#x6f;te 42">42</a>),
-with divers others, which were first made vendible by
-the <i>Indians</i> of the Country, and sold to the Inhabitant,
-and by them to the
-Merchant, and so <span class="xxpn" id="p067">{67}</span>
-transported into <i>England</i> and other places where it becomes
-most commodious.</p>
-
-<p>Tobacco is the only solid Staple Commodity of this
-Province: The use of it was first found out by the
-<i>Indians</i> many Ages agoe, and transferr’d into Christendom
-by that great Discoverer of <i>America Columbus</i>.
-It’s generally made by all the Inhabitants of this
-Province, and between the months of <i>March</i> and <i>April</i>
-they sow the seed (which is much smaller then Mustard-seed)
-in small beds and patches digg’d up and
-made so by art, and about <i>May</i> the Plants commonly
-appear green in those beds: In <i>June</i> they are transplanted
-from their beds, and set in little hillocks in
-distant rowes, dug up for the same purpose; some
-twice or thrice they are weeded, and succoured from
-their illegitimate Leaves that would be peeping out
-from the body of the Stalk. They top the several
-Plants as they find occasion in their predominating
-rankness: About the middle of <i>September</i> they cut
-the Tobacco down, and carry it into houses, (made
-for that purpose) to bring it to its purity: And after
-it has attained, by a convenient attendance upon
-time, to its perfection, it is then tyed up in bundles,
-and packt into Hogs-heads, and then laid by for the
-Trade.</p>
-
-<p>Between <i>November</i> and <i>January</i> there arrives in
-this Province Shipping to the number of twenty sail
-and upwards (see
-note No. <a href="#note43" title="go to n&#x6f;te 43">43</a>)
-all Merchant-men
-loaden with Commodities to Trafique
-and dispose of, <span class="xxpn" id="p068">{68}</span>
-trucking with the Planter for Silks, Hollands, Serges,
-and Broad-clothes, with other necessary Goods, priz’d
-at such and such rates as shall be judg’d on is fair
-and legal, for Tobacco at so much the pound, and
-advantage on both sides considered; the Planter for
-his work, and the Merchant for adventuring himself
-and his Commodity into so far a Country: Thus is the
-Trade on both sides drove on with a fair and honest
-<i>Decorum</i>.</p>
-
-<p>The Inhabitants of this Province are seldom or
-never put to the affrightment of being robb’d of their
-money, nor to dirty their Fingers by telling of vast
-sums: They have more bags to carry Corn, then
-Coyn; and though they want, but why should I call
-that a want which is only a necessary miss? the very
-effects of the dirt of this Province affords as great a
-profit to the general Inhabitant, as the Gold of <i>Peru</i>
-doth to the straight-breecht Commonalty of the
-<i>Spaniard</i>.</p>
-
-<p>Our Shops and Exchanges of <i>Mary-Land</i>, are the
-Merchants Store-houses, where with few words and
-protestations Goods are bought and delivered; not
-like those Shop-keepers Boys in <i>London</i>, that continually
-cry, <i>What do ye lack Sir? What d’ye buy?</i>
-yelping with so wide a mouth, as if some Apothecary
-had hired their mouths to stand open to catch Gnats
-and Vagabond Flyes in.</p>
-
-<p>Tobacco is the currant Coyn of <i>Mary-Land</i>, and
-will sooner purchase Commodities
-from the Merchant, <span class="xxpn" id="p069">{69}</span>
-then money. I must confess the <i>New-England</i> men
-that trade into this Province, had rather have fat
-Pork for their Goods, than Tobacco or Furrs (see
-note No. <a href="#note44" title="go to n&#x6f;te 44">44</a>)
-which I conceive is, because their bodies
-being fast bound up with the cords of restringent
-Zeal, they are fain to make use of the lineaments
-of this <i>Non-Canaanite</i> creature physically to loosen
-them; for a bit of a pound upon a two-peny Rye loaf,
-according to the original Receipt, will bring the costiv’st
-red-ear’d Zealot in some three hours time to a
-fine stool, if methodically observed.</p>
-
-<p><i>Medera</i>-Wines, Sugars, Salt, Wickar-Chairs, and
-Tin Candlesticks, is the most of the Commodities they
-bring in: They arrive in <i>Mary-Land</i> about <i>September</i>,
-being most of them Ketches and Barkes, and such
-small Vessels, and those dispersing themselves into
-several small Creeks of this Province, to sell and dispose
-of their Commodities, where they know the
-Market is most fit for their small Adventures.</p>
-
-<p><i>Barbadoes</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note45" title="go to n&#x6f;te 45">45</a>)
-together with the
-several adjacent Islands, has much Provision yearly
-from this Province: And though these Sun-burnt
-<i>Phaetons</i> think to outvye <i>Mary-Land</i> in their Silks
-and Puffs, daily speaking against her whom their
-necessities makes them beholding to, and like so
-many <i>Don Diegos</i> that becackt <i>Pauls</i>, cock their Felts
-and look big upon’t; yet if a man could go down into
-their infernals, and see how it fares with them there,
-I believe he would hardly find any
-other Spirit to <span class="xxpn" id="p070">{70}</span>
-buoy them up, then the ill-visaged Ghost of want,
-that continually wanders from gut to gut to feed upon
-the undigested rynes of Potatoes.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Trafique is Earth’s great Atlas, that supports</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The pay of Armies, and the height of Courts,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And makes Mechanicks live, that else would die</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Meer starving Martyrs to their penury:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">None but the Merchant of this thing can boast,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">He, like the Bee, comes loaden from each Coast,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And to all Kingdoms, as within a Hive,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Stows up those Riches that doth make them thrive:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Be thrifty, <em class="emupright">Mary-Land,</em>
- keep what thou hast in store,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And each years Trafique to thy self get more.</div>
-</div></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p071">
-
-<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">
-A Relation of the Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and
-Religion of the
-<span class="smcap">S<b>USQUEHANOCK</b></span> (see
-note No. <a href="#note46" title="go to n&#x6f;te 46">46</a>)
-<span class="smcap">I<b>NDIANS</b></span> in and near
-<span class="smcap">M<b>ARY</b>-L<b>AND.</b></span></span></h2>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span>S
-the diversities of Languages (since Babels confusion)
-has made the distinction between people
-and people, in this Christendompart of the world; so
-are they distinguished Nation from Nation, by the
-diversities and confusion of their Speech and Languages
-(see
-note No. <a href="#note47" title="go to n&#x6f;te 47">47</a>)
-here in <i>America</i>: And as
-every Nation differs in their Laws, Manners and Customs,
-in <i>Europe</i>, <i>Asia</i> and <i>Africa</i>, so do they the very
-same here; That it would be a most intricate and
-laborious trouble, to run (with a description) through
-the several Nations of <i>Indians</i> here in <i>America</i>, considering
-the innumerableness and diversities of them
-that dwell on this vast and unmeasured Continent:
-But rather then I’le be altogether silent, I shall do
-like the Painter in the Comedy, who being to limne
-out the Pourtraiture of the Furies, as they severally
-appeared, set himself behind a Pillar, and between
-fright and amazement, drew them by guess. Those
-<i>Indians</i> that I have convers’d withall here in this
-Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, and have had any occular
-experimental view of either of their Customs, Manners,
-Religions, and Absurdities, are
-called by the <span class="xxpn" id="p072">{72}</span>
-name of <i>Susquehanocks</i>, being a people lookt upon by
-the Christian Inhabitants, as the most Noble and
-Heroick Nation of <i>Indians</i> that dwell upon the confines
-of <i>America</i>; also are so allowed and lookt upon
-by the rest of the <i>Indians</i>, by a submissive and tributary
-acknowledgement; being a people cast into the
-mould of a most large and Warlike deportment, the
-men being for the most part seven foot high in latitude,
-and in magnitude and bulk suitable to so high
-a pitch; their voyce large and hollow, as ascending
-out of a Cave, their gate and behavior strait, stately
-and majestick, treading on the Earth with as much
-pride, contempt, and disdain to so sordid a Center,
-as can be imagined from a creature derived from the
-same mould and Earth.</p>
-
-<p>Their bodies are cloth’d with no other Armour to
-defend them from the nipping frosts of a benumbing
-Winter, or the penetrating and scorching influence of
-the Sun in a hot Summer, then what Nature gave
-them when they parted with the dark receptacle of
-their mothers womb. They go Men, Women and
-Children, all naked, only where shame leads them by
-a natural instinct to be reservedly modest, there they
-become cover’d. The formality of <i>Jezabels</i> artificial
-Glory is much courted and followed by these <i>Indians</i>,
-only in matter of colours (I conceive) they differ.</p>
-
-<p>The <i>Indians</i> paint upon their faces one stroke of
-red, another of green, another of white, and another
-of black, so that when they
-have accomplished the <span class="xxpn" id="p073">{73}</span>
-Equipage of their Countenance in this trim, they are
-the only Hieroglyphicks and Representatives of the
-Furies. Their skins are naturally white, but altered
-from their originals by the several dyings of Roots
-and Barks, that they prepare and make useful to
-metamorphize their hydes into a dark Cinamon brown.
-The hair of their head is black, long and harsh, but
-where Nature hath appointed the situation of it any
-where else, they divert it (by an antient custom) from
-its growth, by pulling it up hair by hair by the root
-in its primitive appearance. Several of them wear
-divers impressions on their breasts and armes, as the
-picture of the Devil, Bears, Tigers, and Panthers,
-which are imprinted on their several lineaments with
-much difficulty and pain, with an irrevocable determination
-of its abiding there: And this they count a
-badge of Heroick Valour, and the only Ornament due
-to their <i>Heroes</i>. (See
-note No. <a href="#note48" title="go to n&#x6f;te 48">48</a>).</p>
-
-<p>These <i>Susquehanock Indians</i> are for the most part
-great Warriours, and seldom sleep one Summer in the
-quiet armes of a peaceable Rest, but keep (by their
-present Power, as well as by their former Conquest)
-the several Nations of <i>Indians</i> round about them, in a
-forceable obedience and subjection.</p>
-
-<p>Their Government is wrapt up in so various and
-intricate a Laborynth, that the speculativ’st Artist in
-the whole World, with his artificial and natural
-Opticks, cannot see into the rule or sway of these
-<i>Indians</i>, to distinguish what name
-of Government to <span class="xxpn" id="p074">{74}</span>
-call them by; though <i>Purchas</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note49" title="go to n&#x6f;te 49">49</a>)
-in
-his <i>Peregrination</i> between <i>London</i> and <i>Essex</i>, (which
-he calls the whole World) will undertake (forsooth)
-to make a Monarchy of them, but if he had said
-Anarchy, his word would have pass’d with a better
-belief. All that ever I could observe in them as to
-this matter is, that he that is most cruelly Valorous,
-is accounted the most Noble: Here is very seldom
-any creeping from a Country Farm, into a Courtly
-Gallantry, by a sum of money; nor feeing the Heralds
-to put Daggers and Pistols into their Armes, to make
-the ignorant believe that they are lineally descended
-from the house of the Wars and Conquests; he that
-fights best carries it here.</p>
-
-<p>When they determine to go upon some Design that
-will and doth require a Consideration, some six of
-them get into a corner, and sit in Juncto; and if
-thought fit, their business is made popular, and immediately
-put into action; if not, they make a full stop
-to it, and are silently reserv’d.</p>
-
-<p>The Warlike Equipage they put themselves in
-when they prepare for <i>Belona’s</i> March, is with their
-faces, armes, and breasts confusedly painted, their
-hair greased with Bears oyl, and stuck thick with
-Swans Feathers, with a wreath or Diadem of black
-and white Beads upon their heads, a small Hatchet,
-instead of a Cymetre, stuck in their girts behind them,
-and either with Guns, or Bows and Arrows. In this
-posture and dress they march out from
-their Fort, or <span class="xxpn" id="p075">{75}</span>
-dwelling, to the number of Forty in a Troop, singing
-(or rather howling out) the Decades or Warlike
-exploits of their Ancestors, ranging the wide Woods
-untill their fury has met with an Enemy worthy of
-their Revenge. What Prisoners fall into their hands
-by the destiny of War, they treat them very civilly
-while they remain with them abroad, but when they
-once return homewards, they then begin to dress them
-in the habit for death, putting on their heads and
-armes wreaths of Beads, greazing their hair with fat,
-some going before, and the rest behind, at equal distance
-from their Prisoners, bellowing in a strange and
-confused manner, which is a true presage and forerunner
-of destruction to their then conquered Enemy. (See note
-No. <a href="#note50" title="go to n&#x6f;te 50">50</a>).</p>
-
-<p>In this manner of march they continue till they
-have brought them to their Berken City (see
-note No. <a href="#note51" title="go to n&#x6f;te 51">51</a>)
-where they deliver them up to those that in
-cruelty will execute them, without either the legal
-Judgement of a Council of War, or the benefit of their
-Clergy at the Common Law. The common and usual
-deaths they put their Prisoners to, is to bind them to
-stakes, making a fire some distance from them; then
-one or other of them, whose Genius delights in the art
-of Paganish dissection, with a sharp knife or flint cuts
-the Cutis or outermost skin of the brow so deep, untill
-their nails, or rather Talons, can fasten themselves
-firm and secure in, then (with a most rigid jerk) disrobeth
-the head of skin and hair at
-one pull, leaving <span class="xxpn" id="p076">{76}</span>
-the skull almost as bare as those Monumental Skelitons
-at Chyrurgions-Hall; but for fear they should
-get cold by leaving so warm and customary a Cap off,
-they immediately apply to the skull a Cataplasm of
-hot Embers to keep their Pericanium warm. While
-they are thus acting this cruelty on their heads,
-several others are preparing pieces of Iron, and barrels
-of old Guns, which they make red hot, to sear each
-part and lineament of their bodies, which they perform
-and act in a most cruel and barbarous manner:
-And while they are thus in the midst of their torments
-and execrable usage, some tearing their skin
-and hair of their head off by violence, others searing
-their bodies with hot irons, some are cutting their
-flesh off, and eating it before their eyes raw while
-they are alive; yet all this and much more never
-makes them lower the Top-gallant sail of their
-Heroick courage, to beg with a submissive Repentance
-any indulgent favour from their persecuting Enemies;
-but with an undaunted contempt to their cruelty, eye
-it with so slight and mean a respect, as if it were
-below them to value what they did, they courageously
-(while breath doth libertize them) sing the summary
-of their Warlike Atchievements.</p>
-
-<p>Now after this cruelty has brought their tormented
-lives to a period, they immediately fall to butchering
-of them into parts, distributing the several pieces
-amongst the Sons of War, to intomb the ruines of
-their deceased Conquest in no
-other Sepulchre then <span class="xxpn" id="p077">{77}</span>
-their unsanctified maws; which they with more appetite
-and desire do eat and digest, then if the best of
-foods should court their stomachs to participate of the
-most restorative Banquet. Yet though they now and
-then feed upon the Carkesses of their Enemies, this is
-not a common dyet, but only a particular dish for the
-better sort (see
-note No. <a href="#note52" title="go to n&#x6f;te 52">52</a>)
-for there is not a Beast
-that runs in the Woods of <i>America</i>, but if they can by
-any means come at him, without any scruple of Conscience
-they’le fall too (Without saying Grace) with a
-devouring greediness.</p>
-
-<p>As for their Religion, together with their Rites and
-Ceremonies, they are so absurd and ridiculous, that
-its almost a sin to name them. They own no other
-Deity than the Devil, (solid or profound) but with a
-kind of a wilde imaginary conjecture, they suppose
-from their groundless conceits, that the World had a
-Maker, but where he is that made it, or whether he
-be living to this day, they know not. The Devil, as
-I said before, is all the God they own or worship;
-and that more out of a slavish fear then any real
-Reverence to his Infernal or Diabolical greatness, he
-forcing them to their Obedience by his rough and
-rigid dealing with them, often appearing visibly
-among them to their terrour, bastinadoing them
-(with cruel menaces) even unto death, and burning
-their Fields of Corn and houses, that the relation
-thereof makes them tremble themselves when they
-tell it. <span class="xxpn" id="p078">{78}</span></p>
-
-<p>Once in four years they Sacrifice a Childe to him
-(see
-note No. <a href="#note53" title="go to n&#x6f;te 53">53</a>)
-in an acknowledgement of their
-firm obedience to all his Devillish powers, and Hellish
-commands. The Priests to whom they apply themselves
-in matters of importance and greatest distress,
-are like those that attended upon the Oracle at
-<i>Delphos</i>, who by their Magic-spells could command a
-<i>pro</i> or <i>con</i> from the Devil when they pleas’d. These
-<i>Indians</i> oft-times raise great Tempests when they
-have any weighty matter or design in hand, and by
-blustering storms inquire of their Infernal God (the
-Devil) <i>How matters shall go with them either in publick
-or private.</i> (See
-note No. <a href="#note54" title="go to n&#x6f;te 54">54</a>).</p>
-
-<p>When any among them depart this life, they give
-him no other intombment, then to set him upright
-upon his breech in a hole dug in the Earth some five
-foot long, and three foot deep, covered over with the
-Bark of Trees Arch-wise, with his face Du-West, only
-leaving a hole half a foot square open. They dress
-him in the same Equipage and Gallantry that he used
-to be trim’d in when he was alive, and so bury him
-(if a Soldier) with his Bows, Arrows, and Target,
-together with all the rest of his implements and
-weapons of War, with a Kettle of Broth, and Corn
-standing before him, lest he should meet with bad
-quarters in his way. (See note No. <a href="#note55" title="go to n&#x6f;te 55">55</a>)
-His Kinred
-and Relations follow him to the Grave, sheath’d in
-Bear skins for close mourning, with the tayl droyling
-on the ground, in imitation of
-our <i>English</i> Solemners, <span class="xxpn" id="p079">{79}</span>
-that think there’s nothing like a tayl a Degree in
-length, to follow the dead Corpse to the Grave with.
-Here if that snuffling Prolocutor, that waits upon the
-dead Monuments of the Tombs at <i>Westminster</i>, with
-his white Rod were there, he might walk from Tomb
-to Tomb with his, <i>Here lies the Duke of</i> Ferrara <i>and
-his Dutchess</i>, and never find any decaying vacation,
-unless it were in the moldering Consumption of his
-own Lungs. They bury all within the wall or
-Pallisado’d impalement of their City, or <i>Connadago</i>
-(see
-note No. <a href="#note56" title="go to n&#x6f;te 56">56</a>)
-as they call it. Their houses are
-low and long, built with the Bark of Trees Arch-wise,
-standing thick and confusedly together. They are
-situated a hundred and odd miles distant from the
-Christian Plantations of <i>Mary-Land</i>, at the head of a
-River that runs into the Bay of <i>Chæsapike</i>, called by
-their own name <i>The Susquehanock River</i>, where they
-remain and inhabit most part of the Summer time,
-and seldom remove far from it, unless it be to subdue
-any Forreign Rebellion.</p>
-
-<p>About <i>November</i> the best Hunters draw off to
-several remote places of the Woods, where they know
-the Deer, Bear, and Elke useth; there they build them
-several Cottages, which they call their Winter-quarter,
-where they remain for the space of three months, untill
-they have killed up a sufficiency of Provisions to supply
-their Families with in the Summer.</p>
-
-<p>The Women are the Butchers, Cooks, and Tillers
-of the ground, the Men think it below
-the honour of <span class="xxpn" id="p080">{80}</span>
-a Masculine, to stoop to any thing but that which
-their Gun, or Bow and Arrows can command. The
-Men kill the several Beasts which they meet withall
-in the Woods, and the Women are the Pack horses to
-fetch it in upon their backs, fleying and dressing the
-hydes, (as well as the flesh for provision) to make
-them fit for Trading, and which are brought down to
-the <i>English</i> at several seasons in the year, to truck
-and dispose of them for course Blankets, Guns, Powder
-and lead, Beads, small Looking-glasses, Knives,
-and Razors. (See note No. <a href="#note57" title="go to n&#x6f;te 57">57</a>).</p>
-
-<p>I never observed all the while I was amongst these
-naked <i>Indians</i>, that ever the Women wore the
-Breeches, or dared either in look or action predominate
-over the Men. They are very constant to their
-Wives; and let this be spoken to their Heathenish
-praise, that did they not alter their bodies by their
-dyings, paintings, and cutting themselves, marring
-those Excellencies that Nature bestowed upon them
-in their original conceptions and birth, there would
-be as amiable beauties amongst them, as any <i>Alexandria</i>
-could afford, when <i>Mark Anthony</i> and <i>Cleopatra</i>
-dwelt there together. Their Marriages are
-short and authentique; for after ’tis resolv’d upon by
-both parties, the Woman sends her intended Husband
-a Kettle of boyl’d Venison, or Bear; and he returns
-in lieu thereof Beaver or Otters Skins, and so their
-Nuptial Rites are concluded without other Ceremony.
-(See
-note No. <a href="#note58" title="go to n&#x6f;te 58">58</a>)
-<span class="xxpn" id="p081">{81}</span></p>
-
-<p>Before I bring my Heathenish Story to a period, I
-have one thing worthy your observation: For as our
-Grammar Rules have it, <i>Non decet quenquam me ire
-currentem aut mandantem</i>: It doth not become any
-man to piss running or eating. These Pagan men
-naturally observe the same Rule; for they are so far
-from running, that like a Hare, they squat to the
-ground as low as they can, while the Women stand
-bolt upright with their armes a Kimbo, performing
-the same action, in so confident and obscene a posture
-(see
-note No. <a href="#note59" title="go to n&#x6f;te 59">59</a>)
-as if they had taken their Degrees
-of Entrance at <i>Venice</i>, and commenced Bawds of Art
-at <i>Legorne</i>.</p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p082">
-<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">A Collection of some Letters
-that were written by the same Author, most of them in the time of his
-Servitude.</span></h2>
-
-<h3 class="h3letter">To my much Honored Friend
-<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em></h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
-Have lived with sorrow to see the Anointed of the
-Lord tore from his Throne by the hands of Paricides,
-and in contempt haled, in the view of God,
-Angels and Men, upon a public Theatre, and there
-murthered. I have seen the sacred Temple of the
-Almighty, in scorn by Schismatics made the Receptacle
-of Theeves and Robbers; and those Religious
-Prayers, that in devotion Evening and Morning were
-offered up as a Sacrifice to our God, rent by Sacrilegious
-hands, and made no other use of, then sold to
-Brothel-houses to light Tobacco with.</p>
-
-<p>Who then can stay, or will, to see things of so great
-weight steer’d by such barbarous Hounds as these:
-First, were there an <i>Egypt</i> to go down to, I would
-involve my Liberty to them, upon condition ne’er
-more to see my Country. What? live in silence
-under the sway of such base actions, is to give consent;
-and though the lowness of my present Estate
-and Condition, with the hazard I put my future dayes
-upon, might plead a just excuse for me to stay at
-home; but Heavens forbid: I’le
-rather serve in <span class="xxpn" id="p084">{84}</span>
-Chains, and draw the Plough with Animals, till death
-shall stop and say, <i>It is enough</i>. Sir, if you stay
-behind, I wish you well: I am bound for <i>Mary-Land</i>,
-this day I have made some entrance into my intended
-voyage, and when I have done more, you shall know
-of it. I have here inclosed what you of me desired,
-but truly trouble, discontent and business, have so
-amazed my senses, that what to write, or where to
-write, I conceive my self almost as uncapable as he
-that never did write. What you’le find will be <i>Ex
-tempore</i>, without the use of premeditation; and though
-there may want something of a flourishing stile to
-dress them forth, yet I’m certain there wants nothing
-of truth, will, and desire.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
-<div class="dpp00">Heavens bright Lamp, shine forth some of thy Light,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But just so long to paint this dismal Night;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then draw thy beams, and hide thy glorious face,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">From the dark sable actions of this place;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Leaving these lustful Sodomites groping still,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To satisfie each dark unsatiate will,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Untill at length the crimes that they commit,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">May sink them down to Hells Infernal pit.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Base and degenerate Earth, how dost thou lye,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That all that pass hiss, at thy Treachery?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou which couldst boast once of thy King and Crown,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">By base Mechanicks now art tumbled down,</div>
-<div class="dpp00"><em class="emupright">Brewers</em> and <em
- class="emupright">Coblers,</em> that have scarce an Eye,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Walk hand in hand an thy Supremacy;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And all those Courts where Majesty did Throne,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Are now the Seats for Oliver and Ioan:
- <span class="xxpn" id="p085">{85}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Persons of Honour, which did before inherit</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Their glorious Titles from deserved merit,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Are all grown silent, and with wonder gaze,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To view such Slaves drest in their Courtly rayes;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To see a <em class="emupright">Drayman</em>
- that knows nought but Yeast,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Set in a Throne like <em class="emupright">Babylons</em>
- red Beast,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">While heaps of Parasites do idolize</div>
-<div class="dpp00">This red-nos’d <em class="emupright">Bell,</em>
- with fawning Sacrifice.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">What can we say? our King they’ve Murthered,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And those well born, are basely buried:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Nobles are slain, and Royalists in each street</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Are scorn’d, and kick’d by most Men that they meet:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Religion’s banisht, and Heresie survives,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And none but Conventicks in this Age thrives.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Oh could those <em class="emupright">Romans</em>
- from their Ashes rise,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That liv’d in <em class="emupright">Nero’s</em>
- time: Oh how their cries</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Would our perfidious Island shake, nay rend,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">With clamorous screaks unto the Heaven send:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Oh how they’d blush to see our Crimson crimes,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And know the Subjects Authors of these times:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">When as the Peasant he shall take his King,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And without cause shall fall a murthering him;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And when that’s done, with Pride assume the Chair,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And <em class="emupright">Nimrod</em>-like,
- himself to heaven rear;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Command the People, make the Land Obey</div>
-<div class="dpp00">His baser will, and swear to what he’l say.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Sure, sure our God has not these evils sent</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To please himself, but for mans punishment:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And when he shall from our dark sable Skies</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Withdraw these Clouds, and let our Sun arise,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Our dayes will surely then in Glory shine,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Both in our Temporal, and our State divine:
- <span class="xxpn" id="p086">{86}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">May this come quickly, though I may never see</div>
-<div class="dpp00">This glorious day, yet I would sympathie,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And feel a joy run through each vain of blood,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Though Vassalled on t’other side the Floud.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Heavens protect his Sacred Majesty,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">From secret Plots, &amp; treacherous Villany.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And that those Slaves that now predominate,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Hang’d and destroy’d may be their best of Fate;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And though Great <em class="emupright">Charles</em>
- be distant from his own,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Heaven I hope will seat him on his Throne.</div>
-</div></div>
-
-<div class="psignature00">Vale.</div>
-<div class="psignature0">Yours what I may,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From the Chimney Corner upon a low cricket,
-where I writ this in the noise of some six Women, <i>Aug.</i> 19.
-<i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Father at his House.</h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">B</span></span>Efore
-I dare bid Adieu to the old World, or
-shake hands with my native Soyl for ever, I
-have a Conscience inwards tells me, that I must offer
-up the remains of that Obedience of mine, that lyes
-close centered within the cave of my Soul, at the
-Alter, of your paternal Love: And though this Sacrifice
-of mine may shew something low and thread-bare,
-(at this time) yet know, That in the
-Zenith of all <span class="xxpn" id="p087">{87}</span>
-actions, Obedience is that great wheel that moves the
-lesser in their circular motion.</p>
-
-<p>I am now entring for some time to dwell under the
-Government of <i>Neptune</i>, a Monarchy that I was never
-manured to live under, nor to converse with in his
-dreadful Aspect, neither do I know how I shall bear
-with his rough demands; but that God has carried
-me through those many gusts a shoar, which I have
-met withall in the several voyages of my life, I hope
-will Pilot me safely to my desired Port, through the
-worst of Stormes I shall meet withall at Sea.</p>
-
-<p>We have strange, and yet good news aboard, that
-he whose vast mind could not be contented with
-spacious Territories to stretch his insatiate desires on,
-is (by an Almighty power) banished from his usuped
-Throne to dwell among the dead. I no sooner heard
-of it, but my melancholly Muse forced me upon this
-ensuing Distich.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">Poor vaunting Earth, gloss’d with uncertain Pride,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That liv’d in Pomp, yet worse than others dy’d:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Who shall blow forth a Trumpet to thy praise?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Or call thy sable Actions shining Rayes?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Such Lights as those blaze forth the vertued dead,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And make them live, though they are buried.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou’st gone, and to thy memory let be said,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">There lies that Oliver which of old betray’d</div>
-<div class="dpp00">His King and Master, and after did assume,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">With swelling Pride, to govern in his room.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Here I’le rest satisfied, Scriptures expound to me,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Tophet was made for such Supremacy.</div>
-</div></div>
-
-<div class="dxxpn" id="p088">{88}</div>
-
-<p>The death of this great Rebel (I hope) will prove
-an <i>Omen</i> to presage destruction on the rest. The
-Worlds in a heap of troubles and confusion, and
-while they are in the midst of their changes and
-amazes, the best way to give them the bag, is to go
-out of the World and leave them. I am now bound
-for <i>Mary-Land</i>, and I am told that’s a New World,
-but if it prove no better than this, I shall not get
-much by my change; but before I’le revoke my
-Resolution, I am resolv’d to put it to adventure, for I
-think it can hardly be worse then this is: Thus committing
-you into the hands of that God that made
-you, I rest</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Obedient Son</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From aboard a Ship at <i>Gravesend</i>,
-<i>Sept.</i> 7th, <i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Brother.</h3>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
-Leave you very near in the same condition as I
-am in my self, only here lies the difference, you
-were bound at Joyners Hall in <i>London</i> Apprentice-wise,
-and I conditionally at Navigators Hall, that
-now rides at an Anchor at <i>Gravesend</i>; I hope you
-will allow me to live in the largest Mayordom, by
-reason I am the eldest: None but the main Continent
-of <i>America</i> will serve me for a
-Corporation to inhabit <span class="xxpn" id="p089">{89}</span>
-in now, though I am affraid for all that, that the
-reins of my Liberty will be something shorter then
-yours will be in <i>London</i>: But as to that, what Destiny
-has ordered I am resolved with an adventerous
-Resolution to subscribe to, and with a contented
-imbracement enjoy it. I would fain have seen you
-once more in this Old World, before I go into the
-New, I know you have a chain about your Leg, as
-well as I have a clog about my Neck: If you can’t
-come, send a line or two, if not, wish me well at least:
-I have one thing to charge home upon you, and I
-hope you will take my counsel, That you have
-alwayes an obedient Respect and Reverence to your
-aged Parents, that while they live they may have
-comfort of you, and when that God shall sound a
-retreat to their lives, that there they may with their
-gray hairs in joy go down to their Graves.</p>
-
-<p>Thus concluding, wishing you a comfortable Servitude,
-a prosperous Life, and the assurance of a happy
-departure in the immutable love of him that made
-you,</p>
-
-<div class="psignature00">Vale.</div>
-<div class="psignature0">Your Brother,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Gravesend</i>, Sept. 7. <i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<div class="dxxpn" id="p090">{90}</div>
-
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my much Honored Friend
-<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em> at his
-House.</h3>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
-Am got ashoar with much ado, and it is very well
-it is as it is, for if I had stayed a little longer, I
-had certainly been a Creature of the Water, for I had
-hardly flesh enough to carry me to Land, not that I
-wanted for any thing that the Ship could afford me in
-reason: But oh the great bowls of Pease-porridge that
-appeared in sight every day about the hour of twelve,
-ingulfed the senses of my Appetite so, with the
-restringent quality of the Salt Beef, upon the internal
-Inhabitants of my belly, that a <i>Galenist</i> for some days
-after my arrival, with his Bag-pipes of Physical operations,
-could hardly make my Puddings dance in any
-methodical order.</p>
-
-<p>But to set by these things that happened unto me
-at Sea, I am now upon Land, and there I’le keep my
-self if I can, and for four years I am pretty sure of
-my restraint; and had I known my yoak would have
-been so easie, (as I conceive it will) I would have
-been here long before now, rather then to have dwelt
-under the pressure of a Rebellious and Trayterous
-Government so long as I did. I dwell now by providence
-in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, (under the quiet
-Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>) which Country
-a bounds in a most glorious prosperity and plenty of
-all things. And though the Infancy of her situation
-might plead an excuse to those several imperfections,
-(if she were guilty of any of
-them) which by <span class="xxpn" id="p091">{91}</span>
-scandalous and imaginary conjectures are falsly laid to her
-charge, and which she values with so little notice or
-perceivance of discontent, that she hardly alters her
-visage with a frown, to let them know she is angry
-with such a Rascality of people, that loves nothing
-better then their own sottish and abusive acclamations
-of baseness: To be short, the Country (so far
-forth as I have seen into it) is incomparable.</p>
-
-<p>Here is a sort of naked Inhabitants, or wilde
-people, that have for many ages I believe lived here
-in the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i>, as well as in other parts
-of the Continent, before e’er it was by the Christian
-Discoverers found out; being a people strange to
-behold, as well in their looks, which by confused
-paintings makes them seem dreadful, as in their
-sterne and heroick gate and deportments, the Men
-are mighty tall and big limbed, the Women not altogether
-so large; they are most of them very well
-featured, did not their wilde and ridiculous dresses
-alter their original excellencies: The men are great
-Warriours and Hunters, the Women ingenious and
-laborious Housewives.</p>
-
-<p>As to matter of their Worship, they own no other
-Deity then the Devil, and him more out of a slavish
-fear, then any real devotion, or willing acknowledgement
-to his Hellish power. They live in little small
-Bark-Cottages, in the remote parts of the Woods,
-killing and slaying the several Animals that they
-meet withall to make provision
-of, dressing their <span class="xxpn" id="p092">{92}</span>
-several Hydes and Skins to Trafique withall, when a
-conveniency of Trade presents. I would go on further,
-but like Doctor <i>Case</i>, when he had not a word
-more to speak for himself, <i>I am afraid my beloved I
-have kept you too long</i>. Now he that made you save
-<span class="spwrdspc2">you. <i>Amen.</i></span></p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Yours to command</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Febr.</i>
-6. <i>Anno</i></p>
-
-<p class="padtopb">And not to forget <i>Tom Forge</i> I beseech you, tell
-him that my Love’s the same towards him still, and
-as firm as it was about the overgrown Tryal, when
-Judgements upon judgements, had not I stept in,
-would have pursued him untill the day of Judgement,
-<i>&amp;c.</i></p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Father at his House.</h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span>Fter
-my Obedience (at so great and vast a distance)
-has humbly saluted you and my good
-Mother, with the cordialest of my prayers, wishes,
-and desires to wait upon you, with the very best of
-their effectual devotion, wishing from the very Center
-of my Soul your flourishing and well-being here upon
-Earth, and your glorious and everlasting happiness in
-the World to Come. <span class="xxpn" id="p093">{93}</span></p>
-
-<p>These lines (my dear Parents) come from that Son
-which by an irregular Fate was removed from his
-Native home, and after a five months dangerous passage,
-was landed on the remote Continent of <i>America</i>,
-in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, where now by providence
-I reside. To give you the particulars of the
-several accidents that happened in our voyage by
-Sea, it would swell a Journal of some sheets, and
-therefore too large and tedious for a Letter: I think
-it therefore necessary to bind up the relation in
-Octavo, and give it you in short.</p>
-
-<p>We had a blowing and dangerous passage of it, and
-for some dayes after I arrived, I was an absolute
-<i>Copernicus</i>, it being one main point of my moral
-Creed, to believe the World had a pair of long legs,
-and walked with the burthen of the Creation upon
-her back. For to tell you the very truth of it, for
-some dayes upon Land, after so long and tossing a
-passage, I was so giddy that I could hardly tread an
-even step; so that all things both above and below
-(that was in view) appeared to me like the <i>Kentish
-Britains</i> to <i>William the Conqueror</i>, in a moving
-posture.</p>
-
-<p>Those few number of weeks since my arrival, has
-given me but little experience to write any thing
-large of the Country; only thus much I can say, and
-that not from any imaginary conjectures, but from an
-occular observation, That this Country of <i>Mary-Land</i>
-abounds in a flourishing variety
-of delightful Woods, <span class="xxpn" id="p094">{94}</span>
-pleasant groves, lovely Springs, together with spacious
-Navigable Rivers and Creeks, it being a most helthful
-and pleasant situation, so far as my knowledge has
-yet had any view in it.</p>
-
-<p>Herds of Deer are as numerous in this Province of
-<i>Mary-Land</i>, as Cuckolds can be in <i>London</i>, only their
-horns are not so well drest and tipt with silver as
-theirs are.</p>
-
-<p>Here if the Devil had such a Vagary in his head as
-he had once among the <i>Gadareans</i>, he might drown
-a thousand head of Hogs and they’d ne’re be miss’d,
-for the very Woods of this Province swarms with
-them.</p>
-
-<p>The Christian Inhabitant of this Province, as to the
-general, lives wonderful well and contented: The
-Government of this Province is by the loyalness of
-the people, and loving demeanor of the Proprietor
-and Governor of the same, kept in a continued peace
-and unity.</p>
-
-<p>The Servant of this Province, which are stigmatiz’d
-for Slaves by the clappermouth jaws of the vulgar in
-<i>England</i>, live more like Freemen then the most
-Mechanick Apprentices in <i>London</i>, wanting for
-nothing that is convenient and necessary, and according
-to their several capacities, are extraordinary well
-used and respected. So leaving things here as I
-found them, and lest I should commit Sacriledge
-upon your more serious meditations, with the Tautologies
-of a long-winded Letter, I’le
-subscribe with a <span class="xxpn" id="p095">{95}</span>
-heavenly Ejaculation to the God of Mercy to preserve
-you now and for evermore, <i>Amen</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Obedient Son</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Jan.</i> 17.
-<i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my much Honored Friend
- <em class="emupright">Mr. M. F.</em></h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span>Ou
-writ to me when I was at <i>Gravesend</i>, (but I
-had no conveniency to send you an answer till
-now) enjoyning me, if possible, to give you a just
-Information by my diligent observance, what thing
-were best and most profitable to send into this
-Country for a commodious Trafique.</p>
-
-<p><i>Sir</i>, The enclosed will demonstrate unto you both
-particularly and at large, to the full satisfaction of
-your desire, it being an Invoyce drawn as exact to
-the business you imployed me upon, as my weak
-capacity could extend to.</p>
-
-<p><i>Sir</i>, If you send any Adventure to this Province,
-let me beg to give you this advice in it; That the
-Factor whom you imploy be a man of a Brain, otherwise
-the Planter will go near to make a Skimming-dish
-of his Skull: I know your Genius can interpret
-my meaning. The people of this place (whether the
-saltness of the Ocean gave them any alteration when
-they went over first, or their
-continual dwelling under <span class="xxpn" id="p096">{96}</span>
-the remote Clyme where they now inhabit, I know
-not) are a more acute people in general, in matters of
-Trade and Commerce, then in any other place of the
-World (see
-note No. <a href="#note60" title="go to n&#x6f;te 60">60</a>)
-and by their crafty and sure
-bargaining, do often over-reach the raw and unexperienced
-Merchant. To be short, he that undertakes
-Merchants imployment for <i>Mary-Land</i>, must have
-more of Knave in him then Fool; he must not be a
-windling piece of Formality, that will lose his Imployers
-Goods for Conscience sake; nor a flashy piece
-of Prodigality, that will give his Merchants fine
-Hollands, Laces, and Silks, to purchase the benevolence
-of a Female: But he must be a man of solid
-confidence, carrying alwayes in his looks the Effigies
-of an Execution upon Command, if he supposes a
-baffle or denyal of payment, where a debt for his
-Imployer is legally due. (See note No.
-<a href="#note61" title="go to n&#x6f;te 61">61</a>).</p>
-
-<p><i>Sir</i>, I had like almost to forgot to tell you in what
-part of the World I am: I dwell by providence Servant
-to Mr. <i>Thomas Stocket</i> (see
-note No. <a href="#note62" title="go to n&#x6f;te 62">62</a>)
-in the County of <i>Baltemore</i>, within the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, under
-the Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>, being a Country abounding with
-the variety and diversity of all that is or may be rare. But lest I
-should Tantalize you with a relation of that which is very unlikely
-of your enjoying, by reason of that strong Antipathy you have ever
-had ’gainst Travel, as to your own particular: I’le only tell you,
-that <i>Mary-Land</i> is seated within the large extending armes <span
-class="xxpn" id="p097">{97}</span> of <i>America</i>, between the Degrees
-of 36 and 38, being in Longitude from <i>England</i> eleven hundred and odd
-Leagues.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0">Vale.</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From
-<i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Jan.</i> 17. <i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Friend <em class="emupright">Mr.
- T. B.</em> at his House.</h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span>Ours
-I received, wherein I find my self much
-obliged to you for your good opinion of me, I
-return you millions of thanks.</p>
-
-<p><i>Sir</i>, you wish me well, and I pray God as well that
-those wishes may light upon me, and then I question
-not but all will do well. Those Pictures you sent
-sewed up in a Pastboard, with a Letter tacked on the
-outside, you make no mention at all what should be
-done with them: If they are Saints, unless I knew
-their names, I could make no use of them. Pray in
-your next let me know what they are, for my fingers
-itch to be doing with them one way or another. Our
-Government here hath had a small fit of a Rebellious
-Quotidian, (see
-note No. <a href="#note63" title="go to n&#x6f;te 63">63</a>),
-but five Grains of the
-powder of Subvertment has qualified it. Pray be
-larger in your next how things stand in <i>England</i>: I
-understand His Majesty is return’d with Honour, and
-seated in the hereditary Throne of
-his Father; God <span class="xxpn" id="p098">{98}</span>
-bless him from Traytors, and the Church from Sacrilegious
-Schisms, and you as a loyal Subject to the
-one, and a true Member to the other; while you so
-continue, the God of order, peace and tranquility,
-bless and preserve you, <i>Amen</i>.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature00"><i>Vale.</i></div>
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your real Friend</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Febr. 20. <i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored
- Father at his House.</h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">VV</span></span>Ith
-a twofold unmeasurable joy I received
-your Letter: First, in the consideration of
-Gods great Mercy to you in particular, (though weak
-and aged) yet to give you dayes among the living.
-Next, that his now most Excellent Majesty <i>Charles</i>
-the Second, is by the omnipotent Providence of God,
-seated in the Throne of his Father. I hope that God
-has placed him there, will give him a heart to praise
-and magnifie his name for ever, and a hand of just
-Revenge, to punish the murthering and rebellious
-Outrages of those Sons of shame and Apostacy, that
-Usurped the Throne of his Sacred Honour. Near
-about the time I received your Letter, (or a little
-before) here sprang up in this Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>
-a kind of pigmie Rebellion:
-A company of <span class="xxpn" id="p099">{99}</span>
-weak-witted men, which thought to have traced the steps
-of <i>Oliver</i> in Rebellion (see
-note No. <a href="#note63" title="go to n&#x6f;te 63">63</a>). They
-began to be mighty stiff and hidebound in their proceedings,
-clothing themselves with the flashy pretences
-of future and imaginary honour, and (had they
-not been suddenly quell’d) they might have done so
-much mischief (for aught I know) that nothing but
-utter ruine could have ransomed their headlong follies.</p>
-
-<p>His Majesty appearing in <i>England</i>, he quickly (by
-the splendor of his Rayes) thawed the stiffness of
-their frozen and slippery intentions. All things
-(blessed be God for it) are at peace and unity here
-now: And as <i>Luther</i> being asked once, What he
-thought of some small Opinions that started up in his
-time? answered, <i>That he thought them to be good honest
-people, exempting their error</i>: So I judge of these men,
-That their thoughts were not so bad at first, as their
-actions would have led them into in process of time.</p>
-
-<p>I have here enclosed sent you something written in
-haste upon the Kings coming to the enjoyment of his
-Throne, with a reflection upon the former sad and
-bad times; I have done them as well as I could, considering
-all things: If they are not so well as they
-should be, all I can do is to wish them better for your
-sakes. My Obedience to you and my Mother alwayes
-devoted.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Son</i></div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Febr. 9. <i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<div class="dxxpn" id="p100">{100}</div>
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Cosen
- <em class="emupright">Mris. Ellinor Evins.</em></h3>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
-<div class="dpp00">E’&#x202f;<i>re I forget the Zenith of your Love,</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">L&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>et me be banisht from the Thrones above;</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">L&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ight let me never see, when I grow rude,</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">I&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ntomb your Love in base Ingratitude:</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">N&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>or may I prosper, but the state</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">O&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>f gaping</i> Tantalus <i>be my fate;</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">R&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ather then I should thus preposterous grow,</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">E&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>arth would condemn me to her vaults below.</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">V&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ertuous and Noble, could my Genius raise</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">I&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>mmortal Anthems to your Vestal praise,</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">N&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>one should be more laborious than I,</i></div>
-<div class="dpp00">S&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>aint-like to Canonize you to the Sky.</i></div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The Antimonial Cup (dear Cosen) you sent me, I
-had; and as soon as I received it, I went to work
-with the Infirmities and Diseases of my body. At
-the first draught, it made such havock among the
-several humors that had stolen into my body, that
-like a Conjurer in a room among a company of little
-Devils, they no sooner hear him begin to speak high
-words, but away they pack, and happy is he that can
-get out first, some up the Chimney, and the rest down
-stairs, till they are all disperst. So those malignant
-humors of my body, feeling the operative power, and
-medicinal virtue of this Cup, were so amazed at their
-sudden surprizal, (being alwayes before battered only
-by the weak assaults of some few Empyricks) they
-stood not long to dispute, but
-with joynt consent <span class="xxpn" id="p101">{101}</span>
-made their retreat, some running through the sink of
-the Skullery, the rest climbing up my ribs, took my
-mouth for a Garret-window, and so leapt out.</p>
-
-<p><i>Cosen</i>, For this great kindness of yours, in sending
-me this medicinal vertue, I return you my thanks:
-It came in a very good time, when I was dangerously
-sick, and by the assistance of God it hath perfectly
-recovered me.</p>
-
-<p>I have sent you here a few Furrs, they were all I
-could get at present, I humbly beg your acceptance
-of them, as a pledge of my love and thankfulness unto
-you; I subscribe,</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0">Your loving Cosen,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary Land</i>, <i>Dec.</i> 9.
- <i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To My Brother <em class="emupright">P. A.</em></h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">B<b>ROTHER,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
-Have made a shift to unloose my self from my
-Collar now as well as you, but I see at present
-either small pleasure or profit in it: What the futurality
-of my dayes will bring forth, I know not; For
-while I was linckt with the Chain of a restraining
-Servitude, I had all things cared for, and now I have
-all things to care for my self, which makes me almost
-to wish my self in for the other four years.</p>
-
-<p>Liberty without money, is like a man opprest with
-the Gout, every step he puts forward
-puts him to <span class="xxpn" id="p102">{102}</span>
-pain; when on the other side, he that has Coyn with
-his Liberty, is like the swift Post-Messenger of the
-Gods, that wears wings at his heels, his motion being
-swift or slow, as he pleaseth.</p>
-
-<p>I received this year two Caps, the one white, of an
-honest plain countenance, the other purple, which I
-conceive to be some antient Monumental Relique;
-which of them you sent I know not, and it was a
-wonder how I should, for there was no mention in
-the Letter, more then, <i>that my Brother had sent me a
-Cap</i>: They were delivered me in the company of
-some Gentlemen that ingaged me to write a few lines
-upon the purple one, and because they were my
-Friends I could not deny them; and here I present
-them to you as they were written.</p>
-
-<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
-<div class="dpp00">Haile from the dead, or from Eternity,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou Velvit Relique of Antiquity;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou which appear’st here in thy purple hew,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Tell’s how the dead within their Tombs do doe;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">How those Ghosts fare within each Marble Cell,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Where amongst them for Ages thou didst dwell.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">What Brain didst cover there? tell us that we</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Upon our knees vayle Hats to honour thee:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">And if no honour’s due, tell us whose pate</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou basely coveredst, and we’l joyntly hate:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Let’s know his name, that we may shew neglect;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">If otherwise, we’l kiss thee with respect.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Say, didst thou cover Noll’s old brazen head,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Which on the top of Westminster high Lead <span class="xxpn" id="p103">{103}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Stands on a Pole, erected to the sky,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">As a grand Trophy to his memory.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">From his perfidious skull didst thou fall down,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">In a dis-dain to honour such a crown</div>
-<div class="dpp00">With three-pile Velvet? tell me, hadst thou thy fall</div>
-<div class="dpp00">From the high top of that Cathedral?</div>
-<div class="dpp00">None of the <em class="emupright">Heroes</em> of the
- <em class="emupright">Roman</em> stem,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Wore ever such a fashion’d Diadem,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Didst thou speak <em class="emupright">Turkish</em>
- in thy unknown dress,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou’dst cover <em class="emupright">Great Mogull,</em>
- and no man less;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">But in thy make methinks thou’rt too too scant,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To be so great a Monarch’s Turberant.</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The <em class="emupright">Jews</em> by
- <em class="emupright">Moses</em> swear, they never knew</div>
-<div class="dpp00">E’re such a Cap drest up in
- <em class="emupright">Hebrew:</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Nor the strict Order of the <em class="emupright">Romish</em> See,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Wears any Cap that looks so base as thee;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">His Holiness hates thy Lowness, and instead,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Wears Peters spired Steeple on his head:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">The Cardinals descent is much more flat,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">For want of name, baptized is
- <em class="emupright">A Hat;</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Through each strict Order has my fancy ran,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Both <em class="emupright">Ambrose, Austin,</em>
- and the <em class="emupright">Franciscan,</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Where I beheld rich Images of the dead,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Yet scarce had one a Cap upon his head:</div>
-<div class="dpp00"><em class="emupright">Episcopacy</em> wears Caps, but not like thee,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Though several shap’d, with much diversity:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">’Twere best I think I presently should gang</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To <em class="emupright">Edenburghs</em>
- strict <em class="emupright">Presbyterian;</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">But Caps they’ve none, their ears being made so large,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Serves them to turn it like a
- <em class="emupright">Garnesey</em> Barge;</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Those keep their skulls warm against North-west gusts,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">When they in Pulpit do poor
- <em class="emupright">Calvin</em> curse.
- <span class="xxpn" id="p104">{104}</span></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou art not <em class="emupright">Fortunatus,</em> for I daily see,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">That which I wish is farthest off from me:</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thy low-built state none ever did advance,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">To christen thee the <em class="emupright">Cap of Maintenance;</em></div>
-<div class="dpp00">Then till I know from whence thou didst derive,</div>
-<div class="dpp00">Thou shalt be call’d, the
- <em class="emupright">Cap of Fugitive.</em></div>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>You writ to me this year to send you some Smoak;
-at that instant it made me wonder that a man of a
-rational Soul, having both his eyes (blessed be God)
-should make so unreasonable a demand, when he that
-has but one eye, nay he which has never a one, and
-is fain to make use of an Animal conductive for his
-optick guidance, cannot endure the prejudice that
-Smoak brings with it: But since you are resolv’d
-upon it, I’le dispute it no farther.</p>
-
-<p>I have sent you that which will make Smoak,
-(namely Tobacco) though the Funk it self is so
-slippery that I could not send it, yet I have sent you
-the Substance from whence the Smoak derives: What
-use you imploy it to I know not, nor will I be too
-importunate to know; yet let me tell you this, That
-if you burn it in a room to affright the Devil from
-the house, you need not fear but it will work the
-same effect, as <i>Tobyes</i> galls did upon the leacherous
-<span class="spwrdspc2">Fiend. No</span> more at
-<span class="spwrdspc2">present. <i>Vale.</i></span></p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Brother</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Dec.</i> 11.
-<i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<div class="dxxpn" id="p105">{105}</div>
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Friend
-<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em></h3>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span>His
-is the entrance upon my fifth year, and I
-fear ’twill prove the worst: I have been very
-much troubled with a throng of unruly Distempers,
-that have (contrary to my expectation) crouded into
-the Main-guard of my body, when the drowsie Sentinels
-of my brain were a sleep. Where they got in I
-know not, but to my grief and terror I find them
-predominant: Yet as Doctor <i>Dunne</i>, sometimes Dean
-of St. <i>Pauls, said, That the bodies diseases do but mellow
-a man for Heaven, and so ferments him in this World,
-as he shall need no long concoction in the Grave, but
-hasten to the Resurrection</i>. And if this were weighed
-seriously in the Ballance of Religious Reason, the
-World we dwell in would not seem so inticing and
-bewitching as it doth.</p>
-
-<p>We are only sent by God of an Errand into this
-World, and the time that’s allotted us for to stay, is
-only for an Answer. When God my great Master
-shall in good earnest call me home, which these
-warnings tell me I have not long to stay, I hope then
-I shall be able to give him a good account of my
-Message.</p>
-
-<p><i>Sir</i>, My weakness gives a stop to my writing, my
-hand being so shakingly feeble, that I can hardly
-hold my pen any further then to tell you,
-I am yours <span class="xxpn" id="p106">{106}</span>
-while I live, which I believe will be but some few
-minutes.</p>
-
-<p>If this Letter come to you before I’me dead, pray
-for me, but if I am gone, pray howsoever, for they
-can do me no harm if they come after me.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature00"><i>Vale.</i></div>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your real Friend</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Dec. 13. <i>Anno</i></p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section">
-<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Parents.</h3>
-
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
-<span class="fsz0 splineha">F</span></span>Rom
-the Grave or Receptacle of Death am I
-raised, and by an omnipotent power made capable
-of offering once more my Obedience (that lies
-close cabbined in the inwardmost apartment of my
-Soul) at the feet of your immutable Loves.</p>
-
-<p>My good Parents, God hath done marvellous things
-for me, far beyond my deserts, which at best were
-preposterously sinful, and unsuitable to the sacred
-will of an Almighty: <i>But he is merciful, and his mercy
-endures for ever.</i> When sinful man has by his Evils
-and Iniquities pull’d some penetrating Judgment upon
-his head, and finding himself immediately not able to
-stand under so great a burthen as Gods smallest
-stroke of Justice, lowers the Top-gallant sayle of his
-Pride, and with an humble submissiveness prostrates
-himself before the Throne of his
-sacred Mercy, and <span class="xxpn" id="p107">{107}</span>
-like those three Lepars that sate at the Gate of
-<i>Samaria</i>, resolved, <i>If we go into the City we shall perish,
-and if we stay here we shall perish also: Therefore we
-will throw our selves into the hands of the</i> Assyrians <i>and
-if we perish, we perish</i>: This was just my condition as
-to eternal state; my soul was at a stand in this black
-storm of affliction: I view’d the World, and all that’s
-pleasure in her, and found her altogether flashy, aiery,
-and full of notional pretensions, and not one firm
-place where a distressed Soul could hang his trust on.
-Next I viewed my self, and there I found, instead of
-good Works, lively Faith, and Charity, a most horrid
-neast of condemned Evils, bearing a supreme Prerogative
-over my internal faculties. You’l say here
-was little hope of rest in this extreme Eclipse, being
-in a desperate amaze to see my estate so deplorable:
-My better Angel urged me to deliver up my aggrievances
-to the Bench of Gods Mercy, the sure support
-of all distressed Souls: His Heavenly warning, and
-inward whispers of the good Spirit I was resolv’d to
-entertain, and not quench, and throw my self into the
-armes of a loving God, <i>If I perish, I perish</i>. ’Tis
-beyond wonder to think of the love of God extended
-to sinful man, that in the deepest distresses or agonies
-of Affliction, when all other things prove rather
-hinderances then advantages, even at that time God
-is ready and steps forth to the supportment of his
-drooping Spirit. Truly, about a fortnight before I
-wrote this Letter, two of
-our ablest Physicians <span class="xxpn" id="p108">{108}</span>
-rendered me up into the hands of God, the universal
-Doctor of the whole World, and subscribed with a
-silent acknowledgement, That all their Arts, screw’d
-up to the very Zenith of Scholastique perfection, were
-not capable of keeping me from the Grave at that
-time: But God, the great preserver of Soul and Body,
-said contrary to the expectation of humane reason,
-<i>Arise, take up thy bed and walk</i>.</p>
-
-<p>I am now (through the help of my Maker) creeping
-up to my former strength and vigour, and every day
-I live, I hope I shall, through the assistance of divine
-Grace, climbe nearer and nearer to my eternal home.</p>
-
-<p>I have received this year three Letters from you,
-one by Capt. <i>Conway</i> Commander of the <i>Wheat-Sheaf</i>,
-the others by a <i>Bristol</i> Ship. Having no more at
-present to trouble you with, but expecting your
-promise, I remain as ever,</p>
-
-<div class="psignature0"><i>Your dutiful Son</i>,</div>
-<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
-
-<p class="p086from"><i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>April</i> 9. <i>Anno</i></p>
-
-<p class="padtopb">I desire my hearty love may be remembered to my
-Brother, and the rest of my Kinred.</p>
-
-<div class="padtopb fsz5">FINIS.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p109">
-<h2 class="h2herein">NOTES.</h2>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note01"><i>Note</i> 1, <i>page</i> <a href="#p015">15</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>After having resolved to reprint Alsop’s early account of Maryland, as an
-addition to my <i>Bibliotheca Americana</i>, I immediately fell in with a difficulty
-which I had not counted on. After much inquiry and investigation, I could
-find no copy to print from among all my earnest book collecting acquaintances.
-At length some one informed me that Mr. Bancroft the historian
-had a copy in his library. I immediately took the liberty of calling on him
-and making known my wants, he generously offered to let me have the
-use of it for the purpose stated, I carried the book home, had it carefully
-copied, but unfortunately during the process I discovered the text was
-imperfect as well as deficient in both portrait and map. Like Sisyphus I
-had to begin anew, and do nearly all my labor over; I sent to London to
-learn if the functionaries in the British Museum would permit a tracing of
-the portrait and map to be made from their copy, the answer returned was,
-that they would or could not permit this, but I might perfect my text if I
-so choosed by copying from theirs. Here I was once more at sea without
-compass, rudder, or chart: I made known my condition to an eminent and
-judicious collector of old American literature in the city of New York, he
-very frankly informed me that he could aid me in my difficulty by letting
-me have the use of a copy, which would relieve me from my present
-dilemma. I was greatly rejoiced at this discovery as well as by the generosity
-of the owner. The following day the book was put into my possession,
-and so by the aid of it was enabled to complete the text. Here another
-difficulty burst into view, this copy had no portrait. That being the only
-defect in perfecting a copy of Alsop’s book, I now resolved to proceed and
-publish it without a portrait, but perhaps fortunately, making known this
-resolve to some of the knowing ones in book gathering, they remonstrated
-against this course, adding that it would ruin the book in the estimation of
-all who would buy such a rarity. I was inclined to listen favorably to this
-protest, and therefore had to commence a new effort to obtain a portrait.
-I then laid about me again to try and procure a copy that had one: I knew
-that not more than three or four collectors in the country who were likely
-to have such an heir-loom. To one living at a considerable distance from
-New York I took the liberty of addressing a letter on the subject, wherein I
-made known my difficulties. To my great gratification this courteous and
-confiding gentleman not only immediately made answer, but sent a perfect
-copy of this rare and much wanted book for my use. I
-immediately had the <span class="xxpn" id="p110">{110}</span>
-portrait and map reproduced by the photo-lithographic process. During
-the time the book was in my possession, which was about ten days, so
-fearful was I that any harm should befall it that I took the precaution to
-wrap up the precious little volume in tissue paper and carry it about with
-me all the time in my side pocket, well knowing that if it was either injured
-or lost I could not replace it. I understand that a perfect copy of the
-original in the London market would bring fifty pounds sterling. I had
-the satisfaction to learn it reached the generous owner in safety.</p>
-
-<p>Had I known the difficulties I had to encounter of procuring a copy of
-the original of Alsop’s singular performance, I most certainly would never
-have undertaken to reproduce it in America. Mr. Jared Sparks told me
-that he had a like difficulty to encounter when he undertook to write the
-life of Ledyard the traveler. Said he: “a copy of his journal I could find
-nowhere to purchase, at length I was compelled to borrow a copy on very
-humiliating conditions; the owner perhaps valued it too highly.” I may
-add that I had nearly as much difficulty in securing an editor, as I had in procuring
-a perfect copy. However on this point I at last was very fortunate.</p>
-
-<div class="psignature"><span class="smcap">W<b>ILLIAM</b></span>
-<span class="smcap">G<b>OWANS.</b></span></div>
-
-<p>115 Nassau street, March 23d, 1869.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note02"><i>Note</i> 2, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p019">19</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, eldest son of George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore,
-and Anne Wynne of Hertingfordbury, England, was born in 1606. He
-succeeded to the title April 15, 1632, and married Anne, daughter of Lord
-Arundel, whose name was given to a county in Maryland. His rule over
-Maryland, disturbed in Cromwell’s time, but restored under Charles II, has
-always been extolled. He died Nov. 30, 1675, covered with age and
-reputation.—<i>O’Callaghan’s
-N. Y. Col. Doc.</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>. p. 74.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note03"><i>Note</i> 3, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p019" title="go to &#x70;. 19">19</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Avalon, the territory in Newfoundland, of which the first Lord Baltimore
-obtained a grant in 1623, derived its name from the spot in England where,
-as tradition said, Christianity was first preached by Joseph of Arimathea.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note04"><i>Note</i> 4, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p021" title="go to &#x70;. 21">21</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Owen Feltham, as our author in his errata correctly gives the name, was
-an author who enjoyed a great reputation in his day. His <i>Resolves</i> appeared
-first about 1620, and in 1696 had reached the eleventh edition. They were
-once reprinted in the 18th century, and in full or in part four
-times in the <span class="xxpn" id="p111">{111}</span>
-19th, and an edition appeared in America about 1830. Hallam in spite of
-this popularity calls him “labored, artificial and shallow.”</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note05"><i>Note</i> 5, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p024" title="go to &#x70;. 24">24</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Burning on the hand was not so much a punishment as a mark on those
-who, convicted of felony, pleaded the benefit of clergy, which they were
-allowed to do once only.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note06"><i>Note</i> 6, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p025" title="go to &#x70;. 25">25</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Literally: “Good wine needs no sign.”</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note07"><i>Note</i> 7, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p026" title="go to &#x70;. 26">26</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Billingsgate is the great fish market of London, and the scurrilous
-tongues of the fish women have made the word synonymous with vulgar
-abuse.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note08"><i>Note</i> 8, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p028" title="go to &#x70;. 28">28</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Alsop though cautiously avoiding Maryland politics, omits no fling at the
-Puritans. Pride was a parliament colonel famous for <i>Pride’s Purge</i>.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note09"><i id="note10">Notes</i> 9, 10, <i>pages</i> 31, 33.</h3>
-
-<p>William Bogherst, and H. W., Master of Arts, have eluded all our efforts
-to immortalize them.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note11"><i>Note</i> 11, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p035" title="go to &#x70;. 35">35</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Chesapeake is said to be K’tchisipik, Great Water, in Algonquin.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note12"><i>Note</i> 12, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p038" title="go to &#x70;. 38">38</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Less bombast and some details as to the botany of Maryland would have
-been preferable.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note13"><i>Note</i> 13, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The American deer (<i>Cariacus Virginianus</i>) is
-here evidently meant. <span class="xxpn" id="p112">{112}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note14"><i>Note</i> 14, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Whetston’s (Whetstone) park: “A dilapidated street in Lincoln’s Inn
-Fields, at the back of Holborn. It contains scarcely anything but old, half-tumble
-down houses; not a living plant of any kind adorns its nakedness,
-so it is presumable that as a park it never had an existence, or one so remote
-that even tradition has lost sight of the fact.”</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note15"><i>Note</i> 15, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The animals here mentioned are the black wolf (<i>canis occidentalis</i>), the
-black bear, the panther (<i>felis concolor</i>).</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note16"><i>Note</i> 16, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p040" title="go to &#x70;. 40">40</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>These animals are well known, the elk (<i>alces Americanus</i>), cat o’ the
-mountain or catamount (<i>felis concolor</i>), raccoon (<i>procyon lotor</i>),
-fox (<i>vulpes fulvus</i>), beaver (<i>castor fiber</i>), otter (<i>lutra</i>),
-opossum (<i>didelphys Virginiana</i>), hare, squirrel, musk-rat (<i>fiber
-zibethicus</i>). The monack is apparently the Maryland marmot or woodchuck
-(<i>arctomys monax</i>).</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note17"><i>Note</i> 17, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p040" title="go to &#x70;. 40">40</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The domestic animals came chiefly from Virginia. As early as May 27,
-1634, they got 100 swine from Accomac, with 30 cows, and they expected
-goats and hens (<i>Relation of Maryland</i>, 1634). Horses and sheep had to be
-imported from England, Virginia being unable to give any. Yet in 1679
-Dankers and Sluyters, the Labadists, say: “Sheep they have none.”—<i>Collections
-Long Island Hist. Soc.</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 218.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note18"><i>Note</i> 18, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p041" title="go to &#x70;. 41">41</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Alluding to the herds of swine kept by the Gadarenes, into one of which
-the Saviour allowed the devil named Legion to enter.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note19"><i>Note</i> 19, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p042" title="go to &#x70;. 42">42</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The abundance of these birds is mentioned in the <i>Relations of Maryland</i>,
-1634, p. 22, and 1635, p. 23. The Labadists with whose
-travels the Hon. <span class="xxpn" id="p113">{113}</span>
-H. C. Murphy has enriched our literature, found the geese in 1679–80 so
-plentiful and noisy as to prevent their sleeping, and the ducks filling the
-sky like a cloud.—<i>Long Island Hist. Coll.</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, pp. 195, 204.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note20"><i>Note</i> 20, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p043" title="go to &#x70;. 43">43</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Alsop makes no allusion to the cultivation of maize, yet the Labadists
-less than twenty years after describe it at length as the principal grain
-crop of Maryland.—<i>Ib.</i>, p. 216.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note21"><i>Note</i> 21, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p045" title="go to &#x70;. 45">45</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Considering the facts of history, this picture is sadly overdrawn, Maryland
-having had its full share of civil war.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note22"><i>Note</i> 22, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p046" title="go to &#x70;. 46">46</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The fifth monarchy men were a set of religionists who arose during the
-Puritan rule in England. They believed in a fifth universal monarchy of
-which Christ was to be the head, under whom they, his saints, were to
-possess the earth. In 1660 they caused an outbreak in London, in which
-many were killed and others tried and executed. Their leader was one
-Venner. The Adamites, a gnostic sect, who pretended that regenerated
-man should go naked like Adam and Eve in their state of innocence, were
-revived during the Puritan rule in England; and in our time in December,
-1867, we have seen the same theory held and practiced in Newark, N. J.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note23"><i>Note</i> 23, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p046" title="go to &#x70;. 46">46</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>In the provisional act, passed in the first assembly, March 19, 1638, and
-entitled “An Act ordaining certain laws for the government of this province,”
-the twelfth section required that “every person planting tobacco
-shall plant and tend two acres of corn.” A special act was introduced the
-same session and read twice, but not passed. A new law was passed, however,
-Oct. 23, 1640, renewed Aug. 1, 1642, April 21, 1649, Oct. 20, 1654,
-April 12, 1662, and made perpetual in 1676. These acts imposed a fine of
-fifty pounds of tobacco for every half acre the offender fell short, besides
-fifty pounds of the same current leaf as constables’ fees. It was to this
-persistent enforcement of the cultivation of cereals that Maryland so soon
-became the granary of New England. <span class="xxpn" id="p114">{114}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note24"><i>Note</i> 24, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The Assembly, or House of Burgesses, at first consisted of all freemen, but
-they gradually gave place to delegates. The influence of the proprietary,
-however, decided the selection. In 1650 fourteen burgesses met as delegates
-or representatives of the several hundreds, there being but two
-counties organized, St. Marys and the Isle of Kent. Ann Arundel, called
-at times Providence county, was erected April 29, 1650. Patuxent was
-erected under Cromwell in 1654.—<i>Bacon’s Laws of Maryland</i>, 1765.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note25"><i>Note</i> 25, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Things had changed when the <i>Sot Weed Factor</i> appeared, as the author
-of that satirical poem dilates on the litigious character of the people.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note26"><i>Note</i> 26, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The allusion here I have been unable to discover.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note27"><i>Note</i> 27, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p048" title="go to &#x70;. 48">48</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The colony seems to have justified some of this eulogy by its good order,
-which is the more remarkable, considering the height of party feeling.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note28"><i>Note</i> 28, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p048" title="go to &#x70;. 48">48</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Halberdeers; the halberd was smaller than the partisan, with a sharp
-pointed blade, with a point on one side like a pole-axe.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note29"><i>Note</i> 29, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p049" title="go to &#x70;. 49">49</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Newgate, Ludgate and Bridewell are the well known London prisons.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note30"><i>Note</i> 30, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Our author evidently failed
-from this cause. <span class="xxpn" id="p115">{115}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note31"><i>Note</i> 31, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>A fling at the various Puritan schools, then active at home and abroad.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note32"><i>Note</i> 32, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The first Quakers in Maryland were Elizabeth Harris, Josiah Cole, and
-Thomas Thurston, who visited it in 1657, but as early as July 23, 1659,
-the governor and council issued an order to seize any Quakers and whip
-them from constable to constable out of the province. Yet in spite of
-this they had settled meetings as early as 1661, and Peter Sharpe, the
-Quaker physician, appears as a landholder in 1665, the very year of
-Alsop’s publication.—<i>Norris, Early Friends or Quakers in Maryland</i>
-(Maryland Hist. Soc., March, 1862).</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note33"><i>Note</i> 33, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The Baptists centering in Rhode Island, extended across Long Island to
-New Jersey, and thence to New York city; but at this time had not reached
-the south.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note34"><i>Note</i> 34, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p056" title="go to &#x70;. 56">56</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>A copy of the usual articles is given in the introduction. Alsop here refutes
-current charges against the Marylanders for their treatment of servants.
-Hammond, in his <i>Leah and Rachel</i>, p. 12, says: “The labour servants are
-put to is not so hard, nor of such continuance as husbandmen nor handecraftmen
-are kept at in England. .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. The women are not (as is reported)
-put into the ground to worke, but occupie such domestic imployments and
-housewifery as in England.”</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note35"><i>Note</i> 35, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p059" title="go to &#x70;. 59">59</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Laws as to the treatment of servants were passed in the Provisional act
-of 1638, and at many subsequent assemblies.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note36"><i id="note37">Notes</i> 36, 37, <i>pages</i> 59, 61.</h3>
-
-<p>Lewknors lane or Charles street was in Drury lane, in the parish of St.
-Giles.—<i>Seymour’s History of London</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 767. Finsbury is still a well
-known quarter, in St.
-Luke’s parish, Middlesex. <span class="xxpn" id="p116">{116}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note38"><i>Note</i> 38, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Nicholas Culpepper, “student in physic and astrology,” whose <i>English
-Physician</i>, published in 1652, ran through many editions, and is still a book
-published and sold.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note39"><i>Note</i> 39, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Dogs dung, used in dressing morocco, is euphemized into <i>album græcum</i>,
-and is also called <i>pure</i>; those who gather it being still styled in England
-pure-finders.—<i>Mayhew, London Labor and London Poor</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 158.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note40"><i>Note</i> 40, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>He has not mentioned tobacco as a crop, but describes it fully a few pages
-after. In Maryland as in Virginia it was the currency. Thus in 1638 an
-act authorized the erection of a water-mill to supersede hand-mills for
-grinding grain, and the cost was limited to 20,000 lbs. of tobacco.—<i>McSherry’s
-History of Maryland</i>, p. 56. The Labadists in their <i>Travels</i> (p. 216)
-describe the cultivation at length. Tobacco at this time paid two shillings
-English a cask export duty in Maryland, and two-pence a pound duty on
-its arrival in England, besides weighing and other fees.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note41"><i>Note</i> 41, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p066" title="go to &#x70;. 66">66</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The Parson of Pancras is unknown to me: but the class he represents is
-certainly large.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note42"><i>Note</i> 42, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p066" title="go to &#x70;. 66">66</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The buffalo was not mentioned in the former list, and cannot be considered
-as synonymous with elk.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note43"><i>Note</i> 43, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p067" title="go to &#x70;. 67">67</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>For satisfactory and correct information of the present commerce and
-condition of Maryland, the reader is referred to the <i>Census of the United
-States</i> in 4 vols., 4to, published
-at Washington, 1865. <span class="xxpn" id="p117">{117}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note44"><i>Note</i> 44, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p069" title="go to &#x70;. 69">69</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>This is a curious observation as to New England trade. A century later
-Hutchinson represents Massachusetts as receiving Maryland flour from the
-Pennsylvania mills, and paying in money and bills of exchange.—<i>Hist. of
-Massachusetts</i>, p.
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, 397.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note45"><i>Note</i> 45, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p069" title="go to &#x70;. 69">69</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The trade with Barbadoes, now insignificant, was in our colonial times
-of great importance to all the colonies. Barbadoes is densely peopled and
-thoroughly cultivated; its imports and exports are each about five millions
-of dollars annually.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note46"><i>Note</i> 46, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p071" title="go to &#x70;. 71">71</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The <span class="spwrdspc1">Susquehannas. This</span>
-<i>Relation</i> is one of the most valuable portions
-of Alsop’s tract, as no other Maryland document gives as much concerning
-this tribe, which nevertheless figures extensively in Maryland annals.
-Dutch and Swedish writers speak of a tribe called Minquas (Minquosy,
-Machœretini in <i>De Laet</i>, p. 76); the French in Canada (<i>Champlain</i>, the
-<i>Jesuit Relations, Gendron, Particularitez du Pays des Hurons</i>, p. 7, etc.),
-make frequent allusion to the Gandastogués (more briefly Andastés), a tribe
-friendly to their allies the Hurons, and sturdy enemies of the Iroquois;
-later still Pennsylvania writers speak of the Conestogas, the tribe to which
-Logan belonged, and the tribe which perished at the hands of the Paxton
-boys. Although Gallatin in his map, followed by Bancroft, placed the
-Andastés near Lake Erie, my researches led me to correct this, and identify
-the Susquehannas, Minqua, Andastés or Gandastogués and Conestogas as
-being all the same tribe, the first name being apparently an appellation
-given them by the Virginia tribes; the second that given them by the
-Algonquins on the Delaware; while Gandastogué as the French, or Conestoga
-as the English wrote it, was their own tribal name, meaning cabin-pole
-men, <i>Natio Perticarum</i>, from Andasta, a cabin-pole (map in Creuxius,
-<i>Historia Canadensis</i>). I forwarded a paper on the subject to Mr. Schoolcraft,
-for insertion in the government work issuing under his supervision.
-It was inserted in the last volume without my name, and ostensibly as Mr.
-Schoolcraft’s. I then gave it with my name in the <i>Historical Magazine</i>,
-vol.
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 294. The result arrived at there has been accepted by Bancroft,
-in his large paper edition, by Parkman, in his <i>Jesuits in the Wilderness</i>, by
-Dr. O’Callaghan, S. F. Streeter, Esq., of the Maryland Historical Society,
-and students generally. <span class="xxpn" id="p118">{118}</span></p>
-
-<p>From the Virginian, Dutch, Swedish and French authorities, we can thus
-give their history briefly.</p>
-
-<p>The territory now called Canada, and most of the northern portion of the
-United States, from Lake Superior and the Mississippi to the mouth of the
-St. Lawrence and Chesapeake bay were, when discovered by Europeans,
-occupied by two families of tribes, the Algonquin and the Huron Iroquois.
-The former which included all the New England tribes, the Micmacs, Mohegans,
-Delawares, Illinois, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatamies, Sacs, Foxes,
-Miamis, and many of the Maryland and Virginian tribes surrounded the
-more powerful and civilized tribes who have been called Huron Iroquois,
-from the names of the two most powerful nations of the group, the Hurons
-or Wyandots of Upper Canada, and the Iroquois or Five Nations of New
-York. Besides these the group included the Neuters on the Niagara, the
-Dinondadies in Upper Canada, the Eries south of the lake of that name,
-the Andastogués or Susquehannas on that river, the Nottaways and some
-other Virginian tribes, and finally the Tuscaroras in North Carolina and
-perhaps the Cherokees, whose language presents many striking points of
-similarity.</p>
-
-<p>Both these groups of tribes claimed a western origin, and seem, in their
-progress east, to have driven out of Ohio the Quappas, called by the
-Algonquins, Alkansas or Allegewi, who retreated down the Ohio and
-Mississippi to the district which has preserved the name given them by the
-Algonquins.</p>
-
-<p>After planting themselves on the Atlantic border, the various tribes
-seem to have soon divided and become embroiled in war. The Iroquois, at
-first inferior to the Algonquins were driven out of the valley of the St.
-Lawrence into the lake region of New York, where by greater cultivation,
-valor and union they soon became superior to the Algonquins of Canada
-and New York, as the Susquehannas who settled on the Susquehanna did
-over the tribes in New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia. (<i>Du Ponceau’s
-Campanius</i>, p. 158.) Prior to 1600 the Susquehannas and the Mohawks,
-the most eastern Iroquois tribe, came into collision, and the Susquehannas
-nearly exterminated the Mohawks in a war which lasted ten years. (<i>Relation
-de la Nouv. France</i>, 1659–60, p. 28.)</p>
-
-<p>In 1608 Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake and its tributaries,
-met a party of sixty of these Sasquesahanocks as he calls them
-(<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 120–1),
-and he states that they were still at war with the Massawomekes or
-Mohawks. (<i>De Laet Novus Orbis</i>, p. 79.)</p>
-
-<p>DeVries, in his <i>Voyages</i> (Murphy’s translation, p. 41–3), found them in
-1633 at war with the Armewamen and Sankiekans, Algonquin tribes on the
-Delaware, maintaining their supremacy by butchery. They were friendly
-to the Dutch. When the Swedes in 1638 settled on the Delaware, they
-renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the Dutch. They purchased
-lands of the ruling tribe and thus secured their friendship. (<i>Hazard’s
-Annals</i>, p. 48). They carried the terror of their arms
-southward also, and <span class="xxpn" id="p119">{119}</span>
-in 1634 to 1644 they waged war on the Yaomacoes, the Piscataways and
-Patuxents (<i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>. p. 161), and were so troublesome that in
-1642 Governor Calvert, by proclamation, declared them public enemies.</p>
-
-<p>When the Hurons in Upper Canada in 1647 began to sink under the
-fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehannas sent an
-embassy to offer them aid against the common enemy. (<i>Gendron,
-Quelques Particularitez du Pays des Hurons</i>, p. 7). Nor was the
-offer one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put in the
-field 1,300 warriors (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1647–8,
-p. 58) trained to the use of fire arms and European modes of war
-by three Swedish soldiers whom they had obtained to instruct them.
-(<i>Proud’s Pennsylvania</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 111; <i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 273.) Before interposing in the war, they began
-by negotiation, and sent an embassy to Onondaga to urge the cantons to
-peace. (<i>Relation</i>, 1648, p. 58). The Iroquois refused, and the Hurons,
-sunk in apathy, took no active steps to secure the aid of the friendly
-Susquehannas.</p>
-
-<p>That tribe, however, maintained its friendly intercourse with its European
-neighbors, and in 1652 Sawahegeh, Auroghteregh, Scarhuhadigh, Rutchogah
-and Nathheldianeh, in presence of a Swedish deputy, ceded to Maryland
-all the territory from the Patuxent river to Palmer’s island, and from the
-Choptauk to the northeast branch north of Elk river. (<i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 683).</p>
-
-<p>Four years later the Iroquois, grown insolent by their success in almost
-annihilating their kindred tribes north and south of Lake Erie, the Wyandots,
-Dinondadies, Neuters and Eries, provoked a war with the Susquehannas,
-plundering their hunters on Lake Ontario. (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle
-France</i>, 1657, pp. 11, 18).</p>
-
-<p>It was at this important period in their history that Alsop knew and
-described them to us.</p>
-
-<p>In 1661 the small-pox, that scourge of the native tribes, broke out in their
-town, sweeping off many and enfeebling the nation terribly. War had
-now begun in earnest with the Five Nations; and though the Susquehannas
-had some of their people killed near their town (<i>Hazard’s Annals</i>, 341–7),
-they in turn pressed the Cayugas so hard that some of them retreated
-across Lake Ontario to Canada (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1661, p. 39,
-1668, p. 20). They also kept the Senecas in such alarm that they no longer
-ventured to carry their peltries to New York, except in caravans escorted
-by six hundred men, who even took a most circuitous route. (<i>Relation</i>, 1661,
-p. 40). A law of Maryland passed May 1, 1661, authorized the governor to
-aid the Susquehannas.</p>
-
-<p>Smarting under constant defeat, the Five Nations solicited French aid
-(<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1662–3, p. 11, 1663–4, p. 33;
-<i>Charlevoix</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>,
-p. 134), but in April, 1663, the Western cantons raised an army of eight
-hundred men to invest and storm the fort of the Susquehannas. They
-embarked on Lake Ontario, according to the French account, and then went
-overland to the Susquehanna. On reaching the fort,
-however, they found <span class="xxpn" id="p120">{120}</span>
-it well defended on the river side, and on the land side with two bastions in
-European style with cannon mounted and connected by a double curtain of
-large trees. After some trifling skirmishes the Iroquois had recourse to
-stratagem. They sent in a party of twenty-five men to treat of peace and
-ask provisions to enable them to return. The Susquehannas admitted them,
-but immediately burned them all alive before the eyes of their countrymen.
-(<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1663, p. 10). The Pennsylvania writers,
-(<i>Hazard’s Annals of Pennsylvania</i>, p. 346) make the Iroquois force one
-thousand six hundred, and that of the Susquehannas only one hundred.
-They add that when the Iroquois retreated, the Susquehannas pursued
-them, killing ten and taking as many.</p>
-
-<p>After this the war was carried on in small parties, and Susquehanna
-prisoners were from time to time burned at Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and
-Cayuga (<i>Relations de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1668 to 1673), and their prisoners
-doubtless at Canoge on the Susquehanna. In the fall of 1669 the Susquehannas,
-after defeating the Cayugas, offered peace, but the Cayugas put
-their ambassador and his nephew to death, after retaining him five or six
-months; the Oneidas having taken nine Susquehannas and sent some to
-Cayuga, with forty wampum belts to maintain the war. (<i>Relation de la
-Nouvelle France</i>, 1670, p. 68.)</p>
-
-<p>At this time the great war chief of the Susquehannas was one styled
-Hochitagete or Barefoot (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1670, p. 47); and
-raving women and crafty medicine men deluded the Iroquois with promises
-of his capture and execution at the stake (<i>Relation</i>, 1670, p. 47), and a
-famous medicine man of Oneida appeared after death to order his body to
-be taken up and interred on the trail leading to the Susquehannas as the
-only means of saving that canton from ruin. (<i>Relation</i>, 1672, p. 20.)</p>
-
-<p>Towards the summer of 1672 a body of forty Cayugas descended the
-Susquehanna in canoes, and twenty Senecas went by land to attack the
-Susquehannas in their fields; but a band of sixty Andasté or Susquehanna
-boys, the oldest not over sixteen, attacked the Senecas, and routed them,
-killing one brave and taking another. Flushed with victory they pushed
-on to attack the Cayugas, and defeated them also, killing eight and wounding
-with arrow, knife and hatchet, fifteen or sixteen more, losing, however,
-fifteen or sixteen of their gallant band. (<i>Relation</i>, 1672, p. 24.)</p>
-
-<p>At this time the Susquehannas or Andastés were so reduced by war and
-pestilence that they could muster only three hundred warriors. In 1675,
-however, the Susquehannas were completely overthrown (<i>Etat Present</i>,
-1675, manuscript; <i>Relation</i>, 1676, p. 2; <i>Relations Inédites</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 44; <i>Colden’s Five Nations</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 126),
-but unfortunately we have no details whatever as to the forces which
-effected it, or the time or manner of their utter defeat.</p>
-
-<p>A party of about one hundred retreated into Maryland, and occupied
-some abandoned Indian forts. Accused of the murder of some settlers,
-apparently slain by the Senecas, they sent five of their chiefs to the Maryland
-and Virginia troops, under Washington and Brent, who
-went out in <span class="xxpn" id="p121">{121}</span>
-pursuit. Although coming as deputies, and showing the Baltimore medal
-and certificate of friendship, these chiefs were cruelly put to death. The
-enraged Susquehannas then began a terrible border war, which was kept
-till their utter destruction (S. F. Streeter’s Destruction of the Susquehannas,
-<i>Historical Magazine</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 65). The rest of the tribe, after making overtures
-to Lord Baltimore, submitted to the Five Nations, and were allowed to
-retain their ancient grounds. When Pennsylvania was settled, they became
-known as Conestogas, and were always friendly to the colonists of Penn, as
-they had been to the Dutch and Swedes. In 1701 Canoodagtoh, their king,
-made a treaty with Penn, and in the document they are styled Minquas,
-Conestogos or Susquehannas. They appear as a tribe in a treaty in 1742,
-but were dwindling away. In 1763 the feeble remnant of the tribe became
-involved in the general suspicion entertained by the colonists against the
-red men, arising out of massacres on the borders. To escape danger the
-poor creatures took refuge in Lancaster jail, and here they were all
-butchered by the Paxton boys, who burst into the place. Parkman in his
-<i>Conspiracy of Pontiac</i>, p. 414, details the sad story.</p>
-
-<p>The last interest of this unfortunate tribe centres in Logan, the friend of
-the white man, whose speech is so familiar to all, that we must regret that
-it has not sustained the historical scrutiny of Brantz Mayer (<i>Tahgahjute;
-or, Logan and Capt. Michael Cresap</i>, Maryland Hist. Soc., May, 1851; and
-8vo, Albany, 1867). Logan was a Conestoga, in other words a Susquehanna.</p>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p121a">
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note47"><i>Note</i> 47, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p071" title="go to &#x70;. 71">71</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The language of the Susquehannas, as Smith remarks, differed from that
-of the Virginian tribes generally. As already stated, it was one of the
-dialects of the Huron-Iroquois, and its relation to other members of the
-family may be seen by the following table of the numerals:</p>
-
-<div class="dtablebox">
-<table summary="">
-<tr>
- <th scope="col"></th>
- <th scope="col">Susquehanna<br />or Minqua.</th>
- <th scope="col">Hochelaga.</th>
- <th scope="col">Huron.</th>
- <th scope="col">Mohawk.</th>
- <th scope="col">Onondaga.</th></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;1.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Onskat,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Segada,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Eskate,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Easka,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Unskat.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;2.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tiggene,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tigneny,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Téni,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tekeni,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tegni.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;3.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Axe,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Asche,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Hachin,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Aghsea,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Achen.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;4.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Raiene,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Honnacon,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Dac,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Kieri,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Gayeri.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;5.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisck,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Ouiscon,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Ouyche,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisk,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisk.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;6.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Jaiack,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Indahir,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Houhahea,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Yayak,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Haiak.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;7.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tzadack,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Ayaga,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Sotaret,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Jatak,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tchiatak.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;8.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tickerom,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Addegue,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Attaret,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Satego,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tegeron.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;9.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Waderom,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Madellon,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Nechon,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Tiyohto,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Waderom.</p></td></tr>
-<tr>
- <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">10.</p></th>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Assan,</p></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Assem,</p></td>
- <td></td>
- <td><p class="ptdlft">Oyeri.</p></td>
- <td></td></tr>
-</table></div></div><!--section-->
-
-<div class="section" id="p122a">
-<div class="dxxpn" id="p122">{122}</div>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note48"><i>Note</i> 48, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p073" title="go to &#x70;. 73">73</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Smith thus describes them: “Sixty of those Sasquesahanocks came to vs
-with skins, Bowes, Arrows, Targets, Beads, swords and Tobacco pipes for
-presents. Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene, for
-they seemed like Giants to the English; yea and to the neighbours, yet
-seemed of an honest and simple disposition, with much adoe restrained
-from adoring vs as Gods. Those are the strangest people of all those
-Countries, both in language and attire; for their language it may well
-beseeme their proportions, sounding from them as a voyce in a vault.
-Their attire is the skinnes of Beares, and Woolues, some have Cassacks
-made of Beares heads and skinnes, that a mans head goes through the
-skinnes neck, and the eares of the Beare fastened to his shoulders, the nose
-and teeth hanging downe his breast, another Beares face split behind him,
-and at the end of the Nose hung a Pawe, the halfe sleeues comming to the
-elbowes were the neckes of Beares and the armes through the mouth with
-the pawes hanging at their noses. One had the head of a Wolfe hanging
-in a chaine for a Iewell, his tobacco pipe three-quarters of a yard long,
-prettily carued with a Bird, a Deere or some such devise at the great end,
-sufficient to beat out ones braines; with Bowes, Arrowes and Clubs, suitable
-to their greatnesse. They are scarce known to Powhatan. They can
-make near 600 able men, and are palisadoed in their Townes to defend
-them from the Massawomekes, their mortal enemies. Five of their chief
-Werowances came aboord vs and crossed the Bay in their Barge. The
-picture of the greatest of them is signified in the Mappe. The calfe of
-whose leg was three-quarters of a yard about, and all the rest of his limbes
-so answerable to that proportion, that he seemed the goodliest man we ever
-beheld. His hayre, the one side was long, the other shore close with a
-ridge over his crowue like a cocks combe. His arrowes were five-quarters
-long, headed with the splinters of a White christall-like stone, in form of a
-heart, an inch broad, and an inch and a halfe or more long. These he wore
-in a Woolues skinne at his backe for his quiver, his bow in one hand and
-his club in the other, as described.”—<i>Smith’s Voyages</i> (Am. ed.),
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 119–20.
-Tattooing referred to by our author, was an ancient Egyptian custom, and
-is still retained by the women. See <i>Lane’s Modern Egyptians</i>, etc. It was
-forbidden to the Jews in <i>Leviticus</i>, 19:&#x202f;28.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note49"><i>Note</i> 49, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p074" title="go to &#x70;. 74">74</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>“<i>Purchas, his Pilgrimage</i>, or Relations of the World, and the Religions
-observed in all Ages and Places discovered, from the Creation unto this
-present,” 1 vol., folio, 1613. In spite of Alsop, Purchas is still highly
-esteemed. <span class="xxpn" id="p123">{123}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note50"><i>Note</i> 50, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p075" title="go to &#x70;. 75">75</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>As to their treatment of prisoners, see <i>Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>,
-p. 260.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note51"><i>Note</i> 51, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p075" title="go to &#x70;. 75">75</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Smith thus locates their town: “The Sasquesahannocks inhabit vpon the
-cheefe spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head, one day’s journey
-higher than our barge could passe for rocks,” vol.
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 182. Campanius
-thus describes their town, which he represents as twelve miles from New
-Sweden: “They live on a high mountain, very steep and difficult to climb;
-there they have a fort or square building, surrounded with palisades. There
-they have guns and small iron cannon, with which they shoot and defend
-themselves, and take with them when they go to war.”—<i>Campanius’s Nye
-Sverige</i>, p. 181; Du Ponceau’s translation, p. 158. A view of a Sasquesahannock
-town is given in <i>Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld</i>
-(1671), p. 136, based evidently on Smith. De Lisle’s Map, dated June, 1718,
-lays down Canoge, Fort des Indiens Andastés ou Susquehanocs at about
-40° N.; but I find the name nowhere else.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note52"><i>Note</i> 52, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p077" title="go to &#x70;. 77">77</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Scalping was practiced by the Scythians. (<i>Herodotus</i>, book
-<span class="smmaj">IV</span>, and in the
-second book of <i>Macchabees</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">VII,</span> 4, 7). Antiochus is said to have caused two
-of the seven Macchabee brothers to be scalped. “The skin of the head with
-the hairs being drawn off.” The torture of prisoners as here described
-originated with the Iroquois, and spread to nearly all the North American
-tribes. It was this that led the Algonquins to give the Iroquois tribes the
-names Magoué, Nadoué or Nottaway, which signified cruel. <i>Lafitau,
-Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 287.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note53"><i>Note</i> 53, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The remarks here as to religion are vague. The Iroquois and Hurons
-recognized Aireskoi or Agreskoe, as the great deity, styling him also
-Teharonhiawagon. As to the Hurons, see <i>Sagard, Histoire du Canada</i>,
-p. 485. The sacrifice of a child, as noted by Alsop, was unknown in the
-other tribes of this race, and is not mentioned by Campanius in regard to
-this one. <span class="xxpn" id="p124">{124}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note54"><i>Note</i> 54, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The priests were the medicine men in all probability; no author mentioning
-any class that can be regarded properly as priests.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note55"><i>Note</i> 55, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The burial rites here described resemble those of the Iroquois (<i>Lafitau,
-Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, pp. 389, 407) and of the Hurons, as described by
-Sagard (<i>Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 702) in the manner of placing the dead
-body in a sitting posture; but there it was wrapped in furs, encased in bark
-and set upon a scaffold till the feast of the dead.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note56"><i>Note</i> 56, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p079" title="go to &#x70;. 79">79</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Sagard, in his <i>Huron Dictionary</i>, gives village, <i>andata</i>; he is in
-the fort or village, <i>andatagon</i>; which is equivalent to <i>Connadago</i>,
-<i>nd</i> and <i>nn</i> being frequently used for each other.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note57"><i>Note</i> 57, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p080" title="go to &#x70;. 80">80</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>For the condition of the women in a kindred tribe, compare <i>Sagard,
-Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 272; <i>Grand Voyage</i>, p. 130; <i>Perrot, Moeurs et
-Coustumes des Sauvages</i>, p. 30.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note58"><i>Note</i> 58, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p080" title="go to &#x70;. 80">80</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Among the Iroquois the husband elect went to the wife’s cabin and sat
-down on the mat opposite the fire. If she accepted him she presented him
-a bowl of hominy and sat down beside him, turning modestly away. He
-then ate some and soon after retired.—<i>Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">I</span>,
-p. 566.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note59"><i>Note</i> 59, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p081" title="go to &#x70;. 81">81</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>Sagard, in his <i>Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 185, makes a similar remark as to
-the Hurons, a kindred tribe, men and women acting as here stated, and he
-says that in this they resembled the ancient Egyptians. Compare <i>Hennepin,
-Moeurs des Sauvages</i>, p. 54; <i>Description d’un Pays plus grand que
-l’Europe, Voyages au Nord</i>,
-<span class="smmaj">V</span>, p. 341. <span class="xxpn" id="p125">{125}</span></p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note60"><i>Note</i> 60, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>This characteristic of the active trading propensities of the early settlers
-will apply to the present race of Americans in a fourfold degree.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note61"><i>Note</i> 61, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>One who brought goods to Maryland without following such advice as
-Alsop gives, describes in Hudibrastic verse his doleful story in the <i>Sot Weed
-Factor</i>, recently reprinted.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note62"><i>Note</i> 62, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>For an account of this gentleman, see ante, p. 13.</p>
-
-<h3 class="h3note" id="note63"><i>Note</i> 63, <i>page</i>
-<a href="#p097" title="go to &#x70;. 97">97</a>.</h3>
-
-<p>The rebellion in Maryland, twice alluded to by our author in his
-letters, was a very trifling matter. On the restoration of Charles II,
-Lord Baltimore sent over his brother Philip Calvert as governor, with
-authority to proceed against Governor Fendall, who, false alike to all
-parties, was now scheming to overthrow the proprietary government. The
-new governor was instructed on no account to permit Fendall to escape
-with his life; but Philip Calvert was more clement than Lord Baltimore,
-and though Fendall made a fruitless effort to excite the people to
-opposition, he was, on his voluntary submission, punished by a merely
-short imprisonment. This clemency he repaid by a subsequent attempt
-to excite a rebellion.—<i>McMahon’s History of Maryland</i>, pp. 213–14,
-citing Council Proceedings from 1656 to 1668, liber H. H., 74 to 82.</p>
-
-<div class="padtopa">THE END.</div>
-</div><!--section-->
-
-<div id="dtransnote">
-TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
-<p class="pfirst plefta">Original spelling and grammar have been
-generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Enlarged
-curly brackets, used to combine information from two or more
-lines of text have been discarded. The transcriber produced
-the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain.
-The primary source of page images was archive.org—search for
-“characterofprovi00alsorich”. Secondary sources, also at archive.org,
-were “characterofprovince00also” and “gowansbibliothec00gowaiala”</p>
-
-<p class="plefta">There were two series of page numbers printed on
-each page of the main text. One series, printed (with gaps) from 10 to
-125, was printed at the top of each page in an ornamented header. This
-series has been retained, and is shown in curly brackets like this:
-{52}. Page one of this series, inferred by counting back from ten, is
-the title page of <i>Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5</i>, New York, William
-Gowans, 1869. The other series, printed with gaps from 417 to 533,
-in smaller type at the bottom of each page, has been discarded. The
-book actually transcribed herein was a reissue of <i>Gowans’ Bibliotheca
-Americana 5</i>, titled <i>Fund-Publication, No. 15. A Character of the
-Province of Maryland</i>, The Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore,
-1880.</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p106" title="go to &#x70;. 106">106</a>.
-Changed “capaple” to “capable”.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p117" title="go to &#x70;. 117">117</a>.
-Changed “p.
-<span class="smmaj">II</span>, 397” to “<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 397”.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p119" title="go to &#x70;. 119">119</a>.
-Changed “p. 7),” to “p. 7).”. Changed “1647–8. p. 58)”
-to “1647–8, p. 58)”. Also “p. 273. Before” to “p. 273.) Before”.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p121" title="go to &#x70;. 121">121</a>.
-“Waderom,” to “Waderom.”, in the last column of the table.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p122" title="go to &#x70;. 122">122</a>.
-Added left double quotation mark to ‘<i>Purchas, his
-Pilgrimage</i>, or Relations’, to match the one after ‘this present,’.</p></li>
-
-<li><p class="phangb">Page
-<a href="#p124" title="go to &#x70;. 124">124</a>.
-Changed “p, 566” to “p. 566”.</p></li>
-</ul>
-
-</div><!--transnote-->
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's A Character of the Province of Maryland, by George Alsop
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
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+have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
+this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: A Character of the Province of Maryland
+       Described in four distinct parts; also a small Treatise
+              on the Wild and Naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of
+              Maryland, their customs, manners, absurdities, and religion;
+              together with a collection of historical letters.
+
+Author: George Alsop
+
+Contributor: John Gilmary Shay
+
+Release Date: August 30, 2018 [EBook #57811]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by ellinora, RichardW, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
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+
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+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div id="dcoverpage"><img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg"
+width="600" height="800" alt="" /></div>
+
+<h1 class="h1herein"><span class="fsz7">A</span> Character
+of the Province of <span class="spwrdspc1">
+Maryland by</span>
+George Alsop</h1>
+
+<div class="section borall">
+<div class="fsz1"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
+Character of the Province<br />
+<span class="fsz9">of</span><br />
+<span class="fsz4">MARYLAND.</span></div>
+
+<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1880.jpg"
+width="427" height="426" alt="" /></div>
+
+<div class="fsz5"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span> GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz5">1666.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz5 padtopa">Baltimore, 1880.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall">
+<div class="fsz1 padtopa">ALSOP’S MARYLAND.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz5 padtopa">1666.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall">
+<div class="fsz4 padtopa"><span class="fsz7">REISSUED AS</span><br />
+
+Fund-Publication, No. 15.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz1"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
+Character of the Province<br />
+<span class="fsz9">of</span><br />
+<span class="fsz4">MARYLAND.</span></div>
+
+<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1880reissue.jpg"
+width="426" height="423" alt="" /></div>
+
+<div class="fsz4"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span> GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz5 padtopc">1666.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz5 padtopa">Baltimore, 1880.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p001">
+<div id="p001a">
+<div class="fsz1"><em class="embold">GOWANS’</em><br />
+<span class="fsz7">BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.</span><br />
+<em class="embold">5</em></div>
+
+<p class="fsz7">“Thy fathers went down into Egypt with three score and
+ten persons, and now the Lord thy God hath made thee as the stars of
+heaven for multitude.”&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<i>Moses.</i></p>
+
+<p class="fsz7 padtopb">“Two things are to be considered in writing
+history, truth and elocution, for in truth consisteth the soul, and
+in elocution the body of history; the latter without the former,
+is but a picture of history; the former without the latter, unapt
+to instruct. The principle and proper work of history, being to
+instruct, and enable men by their knowledge of actions past, to bear
+themselves prudently in the present, and providently towards the
+future.”&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<i>T. Hobbes.</i></p>
+
+<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/i007.jpg"
+width="337" height="228" alt="" /></div>
+
+<div class="fsz6">NEW YORK:</div>
+
+<div>WILLIAM GOWANS.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz7 padtopc">1869.</div>
+</div><!--p001a--></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall" id="p002">
+<div class="fsz8">64
+<span class="smcap">C<b>OPIES</b></span>
+<span class="smmaj">PRINTED</span>
+<span class="smmaj">ON</span>
+<span class="smmaj">LARGE</span>
+<span class="smmaj">PAPER</span> 4<span class="smmaj">TO.</span></div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p003">
+<div id="p003a" class="splineha">
+<div class="fsz4"><span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
+
+CHARACTER OF THE PROVINCE<br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">OF</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz2">MARYLAND.</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz7">DESCRIBED IN FOUR DISTINCT PARTS.</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">ALSO</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz8">A SMALL TREATISE ON THE WILD AND NAKED INDIANS (OR
+SUSQUEHANOKES) OF MARYLAND, THEIR CUSTOMS,
+MANNERS, ABSURDITIES, AND RELIGION.</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">TOGETHER WITH</span><br />
+
+<span class="">A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL LETTERS.</span></div>
+
+<div class="fsz4"><span class="fsz9">BY</span><br />
+
+GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz6 padtopc">A NEW EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND COPIOUS
+HISTORICAL NOTES.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz4"><span class="smcap">B<b>Y</b></span>
+JOHN GILMARY SHEA, LL.D.,<br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL
+SOCIETY.</span></div>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft fsz7"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Our western world, with all its matchless floods,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Our vast transparent lakes and boundless woods,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Stamped with the traits of majesty sublime,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Unhonored weep the silent lapse of time,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Spread their wild grandeur to the unconscious sky,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In sweetest seasons pass unheeded by;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">While scarce one muse returns the songs they gave,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Or seeks to snatch their glories from the grave.</div>
+</div>
+<div class="poemcite"><span class="smcap">A<b>LEXANDER</b></span>
+ <span class="smcap">W<b>ILSON,</b></span> The Ornithologist.</div></div>
+
+<p class="fsz7 padtopc spitalic">
+The greater part of the magnificent countries east of the Alleghanies
+is in a high state of cultivation and commercial prosperity, with
+natural advantages not surpassed in any country. Nature, however, still
+maintains her sway in some parts, especially where pine-barrens and
+swamps prevail. The territory of the United States covers an area of
+2,963,666 square miles, about one-half of which is capable of producing
+everything that is useful to man, but not more than a twenty-sixth
+part of it has been cleared. The climate is generally healthy, the
+soil fertile, abounding in mineral treasures, and it possesses every
+advantage from navigable rivers and excellent harbors
+.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;<span class="smcap">M<b>RS.</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">S<b>OMERVILLE.</b></span></p>
+
+<div class="dctr07"><img src="images/title1869.jpg"
+width="257" height="169" alt="" /></div>
+
+<div class="fsz6">NEW YORK:</div>
+<div>WILLIAM GOWANS.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz7 padtopc">1869.</div>
+</div><!--p003a--></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall"><div id="p004">
+<div class="fsz1">5</div>
+
+<div class="fsz7 padtopa">
+Not entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by<br />
+W. GOWANS,<br />
+
+In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for
+the Southern District of New York.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz9 padtopa">J. MUNSELL, PRINTER,<br />
+ALBANY.</div></div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall"><div id="p005">
+<div class="fsz3">
+<span class="fsz8">DEDICATED</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">TO</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz6">THE MEMORY</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz9">OF</span><br />
+
+LORD BALTIMORE.</div></div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p006">
+<h2 class="h2herein">ADVERTISEMENT.</h2>
+
+<p>The subscriber announces to the public, that he intends publishing
+a series of works, relating to the history, literature, biography,
+antiquities and curiosities of the Continent of America. To be
+entitled</p>
+
+<div class="fsz4">GOWANS’ BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA.</div>
+
+<p>The books to form this collection, will chiefly consist of reprints
+from old and scarce works, difficult to be produced in this
+country, and often also of very rare occurrence in Europe; occasionally
+an original work will be introduced into the series, designed
+to throw light upon some obscure point of American
+history, or to elucidate the biography of some of the distinguished
+men of our land. Faithful reprints of every work
+published will be given to the public; nothing will be added,
+except in the way of notes, or introduction, which will be presented
+entirely distinct from the body of the work. They will
+be brought out in the best style, both as to type, press work and
+paper, and in such a manner as to make them well worthy a place
+in any gentleman’s library.</p>
+
+<p>A part will appear about once in every six months, or oftener,
+if the public taste demand it; each part forming an entire work,
+either an original production, or a reprint of some valuable, and
+at the same time scarce tract. From eight or twelve parts will
+form a handsome octavo volume, which the publisher is well
+assured, will be esteemed entitled to a high rank in every collection
+of American history and literature.</p>
+
+<p>Should reasonable encouragement be given, the whole collection
+may in the course of no long period of time become not less
+voluminous, and quite as valuable to the student in American
+history, as the celebrated Harleian Miscellany is now to the student
+and lover of British historical antiquities.</p>
+
+<p class="psignature">W. GOWANS, <i>Publisher</i>.</p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h2 class="h2herein">INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b> A<b>LSOP</b>,</span>
+the author of this curious tract, was born
+according to the inscription on his portrait, in 1638. He
+served a two years’ apprenticeship to some trade in
+London, but seems to have been wild enough. His
+portrait and his language alike bespeak the rollicking
+roysterer of the days of the restoration, thoroughly
+familiar with all the less reputable haunts of London.
+He expresses a hearty contempt for Cromwell and his
+party, and it may be that the fate which confined him to
+a four years’ servitude in Maryland was an order of transportation
+issued in the name of the commonwealth of
+England. He speaks disdainfully of the “mighty low
+and distracted life” of such as could not pay their passage,
+then, according to <i>Leah and Rachel</i> (p. 14), generally
+six pounds, as though want of money was not in his case
+the cause of his emigrating from England. He gives the
+letters he wrote to his family and friends on starting, but
+omits the date, although from allusions to the death of
+Cromwell in a letter dated at Gravesend, September 7th,
+he evidently sailed in 1658, the protector having died on
+the 3d of September in that year.</p>
+
+<p>In Maryland he fell to the lot of Thomas Stockett, Esq.,
+one of three brothers who came
+to Maryland in 1658, <span class="xxpn" id="p010">{10}</span>
+perhaps at the same time as Alsop, and settled originally
+it would seem in Baltimore county. It was on this estate
+that Alsop spent the four years which enabled him to
+write the following tract. He speaks highly of his treatment
+and the abundance that reigned in the Stockett
+mansion.</p>
+
+<p>Alsop’s book appeared in 1666. One of the laudatory
+verses that preface it is dated January, 1665
+(<span class="fract"><span class="fup">5</span><span class="fdn">6</span></span>),
+and as it
+would appear that he did not remain in Maryland after
+the expiration of his four years, except perhaps for a short
+time in consequence of a fit of sickness to which he
+alludes, he probably returned to London to resume his
+old career.</p>
+
+<p>Of his subsequent life nothing is known, and though
+Allison ascribes to him a volume of Sermons, we may
+safely express our grave doubts whether the author of
+this tract can be suspected of anything of the kind.</p>
+
+<p>The book, written in a most extravagant style, contains
+no facts as to the stirring events in Maryland history
+which preceded its date, and in view, doubtless, of the
+still exasperated state of public feeling, seems to have
+studiously avoided all allusion to so unattractive a subject.
+As an historical tract it derives its chief value from the
+portion which comprises its <i>Relation of the Susquehanna
+Indians</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The object for which the tract was issued seems evident.
+It was designed to stimulate emigration to Maryland, and
+is written in a vulgar style to suit the class it was to reach.
+While from its dedication to Lord Baltimore, and the
+merchant adventurers, we may infer that it was paid for
+by them, in order to encourage emigration, especially of
+redemptioners. <span class="xxpn" id="p011">{11}</span></p>
+
+<p>Much of the early emigration to America was effected
+by what was called the redemption system. Under this,
+one disposed to emigrate, but unable to raise the £6,
+entered into a contract in the following form, with a
+merchant adventurer, ship owner or ship master, and
+occasionally with a gentleman emigrant of means, under
+which the latter gave him his passage and supplies:</p>
+
+<div id="p011quote">
+<div class="fsz5"><span class="smcap">T<b>HE</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">F<b>ORME</b></span>
+<span class="smmaj">OF</span>
+<span class="smcap">B<b>INDING</b></span>
+<span class="smmaj">A</span>
+<span class="smcap">S<b>ERVANT.</b></span></div>
+
+<div class="fsz7 padtopc">[From <i>A Relation of Maryland</i>, &amp;c., 1635.]</div>
+
+<p class="padtopc">This indenture made the&#x200a;......&#x200a;day
+of&#x200a;..............&#x200a;in the&#x200a;.........&#x200a;yeere
+of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles &amp;c.
+betweene&#x200a;..............&#x200a;of the one party,
+and&#x200a;..............&#x200a;on the other party, Witnesseth that
+the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;doth hereby covenant, promise and
+grant to and with the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;his Executors
+and Assignes, to serve him from the day of the date hereof, vntill
+his first and next arrivall in Maryland, and after for and during the
+tearme of&#x200a;......&#x200a;yeeres, in such service and employment
+as the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;or his assignes shall there
+employ him, according to the custome of the countrey in the like kind.
+In consideration whereof, the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;doth
+promise and grant, to and with the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;to
+pay for his passing and to find him with Meat, Drinke, Apparell and
+Lodging, with other necessaries during the said terme; and at the end
+of the said terme, to give him one Whole yeeres provision of Corne
+and fifty acres of Land, according to the order of the countrey. In
+witnesse whereof, the said&#x200a;..............&#x200a;hath hereunto
+put his hand and seale the day and yeere above written.</p>
+
+<p>Sealed and delivered
+in the presence of</p>
+</div><!--p011quote-->
+
+<p>The term of service, at first limited to five years (<i>Relation
+of Maryland</i>, 1635, p. 63), was subsequently reduced
+to four (Act of 1638, &amp;c.), and so remained
+into the next <span class="xxpn" id="p012">{12}</span>
+century (Act of April, 1715). Thus a woman in the <i>Sot
+Weed Factor</i>, after speaking of her life in England, says:</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Not then a slave for twice two year,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">My cloaths were fashionably new,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Nor were my shifts of linnen Blue;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But things are changed; now at the Hoe,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">I daily work and Barefoot go,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In weeding Corn or feeding Swine,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">I spend my melancholy Time.</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Disputes arose as to the time when the term began, and
+it was finally fixed at the anchoring of the vessel in the
+province, but not more than fourteen days were to be
+allowed for anchoring after they passed the Capes (Act of
+1715). When these agreements were made with the merchant
+adventurer, ship owner or ship captain, the servants
+were sold at auctions, which were conducted on the principle
+of our tax sales, the condition being the payment of
+the advances, and the bidding being for the term of
+service, descending from the legal limit according to his
+supposed value as a mechanic or hand, the best man being
+taken for the shortest term. Where the emigrants made
+their agreement with the gentleman emigrant, they proceeded
+at once to the land he took up, and in the name of
+the servant the planter took up at least one hundred acres
+of land, fifty of which, under the agreement, he conveyed
+to the servant at the expiration of his term of service.</p>
+
+<p>Alsop seems to have made an agreement, perhaps on
+the voyage, with Thomas Stockett, Esq., as his first letter
+from America mentions his being in the service of that
+gentleman. His last letter is dated at Gravesend, the 7th
+of September, and his first in Maryland January 17 (1659),
+making a voyage of four months, which he loosely calls
+five, and describes as “a blowing and
+dangerous passage.” <span class="xxpn" id="p013">{13}</span></p>
+
+<p>Through the kindness of George Lynn Lachlin Davis,
+Esq., I have been enabled to obtain from J. Shaaf Stockett,
+Esq., a descendant of Captain Stockett, some details as to
+his ancestor, the master of our author, during his four
+years’ servitude, which was not very grievous to him, for
+he says, “had I known my yoak would have been so
+easie (as I conceive it will) I would have been here long
+before now, rather than to have dwelt under the pressure
+of a Rebellious and Trayterous government so long as I
+did.”</p>
+
+<p>A manuscript statement made some years later by one
+Joseph Tilly, states: “About or in y<sup>e</sup> year of o<sup>r</sup> Lord 1667
+or 8 I became acquainted w<sup>th</sup> 4 Gent<sup>n</sup> y<sup>t</sup> were brethren &amp;
+then dwellers here in Maryland the elder of them went by
+y<sup>e</sup> name of Coll<sup>o</sup> Lewis Stockett &amp; y<sup>e</sup> second by y<sup>e</sup> name
+of Capt<sup>n</sup> Thomas Stockett, y<sup>e</sup> third was Doct<sup>r</sup> Francis
+Stockett &amp; y<sup>e</sup> Fourth Brother was M<sup>r</sup> Henry Stockett.
+These men were but y<sup>n</sup> newly seated or seating in Anne
+Arunndell County &amp; they had much business w<sup>h</sup> the Lord
+Baltimore then pp<sup>etor</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Provinces, my house standing
+convenient they were often entertained there: they told
+mee y<sup>t</sup> they were Kentish men or Men of Kent &amp; y<sup>t</sup> for
+that they had been concerned for King Charles y<sup>e</sup> first,
+were out of favour w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> following Governm<sup>t</sup> they Mortgaged
+a Good an estate to follow King Charles the second
+in his exile &amp; at their Return they had not money to
+redeem their mortgage, w<sup>ch</sup> was y<sup>e</sup> cause of their coming
+hither. <span class="dfloatright"><span class="smcap">J<b>OSEPH</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">T<b>ILLY</b>.”</span></span></p>
+
+<p class="dclearfix">Of
+the brothers, who are said to have arrived in the
+spring or summer of 1658, only Captain Thomas Stockett
+remained in Maryland, the others having, according to
+family tradition, returned to England. As
+stated in the <span class="xxpn" id="p014">{14}</span>
+document just given, they settled in Anne Arundell
+county, and on the 19th of July, 1669, “Obligation,” a
+tract of 664 acres of land was patented to Captain Thomas
+Stockett, and a part still after the lapse of nearly two
+centuries remains in the family, being owned by Frank H.
+Stockett, Esq., of the Annapolis bar.</p>
+
+<p>By his wife Mary (<i>Wells</i> it is supposed), Captain Thomas
+Stockett had one son, Thomas, born April 17, 1667, from
+whose marriage with Mary, daughter of Thomas Sprigg,
+of West River, gentleman (March 12, 1689), and subsequent
+marriage with Damarris Welch, the Stocketts of
+Maryland, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York and New
+Jersey are descended.</p>
+
+<p>The arms of this branch, as given in the family archives,
+are “Or a Lyon rampant sable armed and Langued Gules
+a cheife of y<sup>e</sup> second a castle Tripple towred argent
+betwixt two Beausants—to y<sup>e</sup> crest upon a helm on a
+wreath of y<sup>e</sup> colours, a Lyon Proper segeant supporte on a
+stock ragged and trunked argent Borne by the name of
+Stockett with a mantle Gules doubled Argent.” These
+agree with the arms given by Burke as the arms of the
+Stocketts of St. Stephens, county of Kent.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Stockett’s will, dated April 23, 1671, was
+proved on the 4th of May in the same year, so that his
+death must have occurred within the ten intervening days.
+He left his estate to his wife for life, then his lands to his
+son Thomas, and his posthumous child if a son, and his
+personal estate to be divided among his daughters. His
+executors were his brothers Francis and Henry and his
+brother (in-law) Richard Wells. His dispositions of property
+are brief, much of the will consisting of pious
+expressions and wishes. <span class="xxpn" id="p015">{15}</span></p>
+
+<p>To return to the early Maryland emigration, at the time
+there was evident need for some popular tract to remove a
+prejudice that had been created against that colony, especially
+in regard to the redemptioners. The condition of
+those held for service in Maryland had been represented
+as pitiable indeed, the labor intolerable, the usage bad,
+the diet hard, and that no beds were allowed but the bare
+boards. Such calumnies had already been refuted in
+1656 by Hammond, in his <i>Leah and Rachel</i>. Yet it
+would seem that ten years later the proprietor of Maryland
+found it necessary to give Alsop’s flattering picture
+as a new antidote.</p>
+
+<p>The original tract is reproduced so nearly in fac simile
+here that little need be said about it. The original is a
+very small volume, the printed matter on the page being
+only <span class="nowrap">2&#x200a;<span class="fract"><span
+class="fup">1</span><span class="fdn">8</span></span></span>
+inches by <span class="nowrap">4&#x200a;<span class="fract"><span
+class="fup">7</span><span class="fdn">8.</span></span></span> (See note No. <a
+href="#note01" title="go to n&#x6f;te 1">1</a>).</p>
+
+<p>At the end are two pages of advertisements headed
+“These Books, with others, are Printed for Peter Dring,
+and are to be sold at his Shop, at the Sun in the Poultrey,
+next door to the Rose Tavern.”</p>
+
+<p>Among the books are Eliana, Holesworth’s Valley of
+Vision, Robotham’s Exposition of Solomon’s Song, N.
+Byfields’ Marrow of the Oracle of God, Pheteplace’s
+Scrutinia Sacra, Featly Tears in Time of Pestilence,
+Templum Musicum by Joannes Henricus Alstedius, two
+cook books, a jest book, Troads Englished, and ends with
+A Comment upon the Two Tales of our Renowned Poet
+Sir Jeffray Chaucer, Knight.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of this is the following by way of erratum:
+“Courteous Reader. In the first Epistle Dedicatory, for
+Felton read Feltham.”</p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall">
+<div class="dctr03"><img src="images/i024.jpg"
+width="600" height="682" alt="" />
+<div class="dcaption">
+<div class="dpoemlft spitalic"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">View here the Shadow whoſe Ingenious Hand</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Hath drawne exact the
+ <span class="spwrdspc1">Province Mary</span> Land</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Diſplay’d her Glory in ſuch Scænes of Witt</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That thoſe that read muſt fall in Love with it</div>
+<div class="dpp00">For which his Labour hee deſerves the praiſe</div>
+<div class="dpp00 spwrdspca">As well as Poets doe the wreath of Bays.</div>
+</div><!--dstanzalft-->
+<div class="poemcite">Anno Dõ: 1666. Ætatis Suæ
+<span class="spwrdspc2">28. H.W.</span></div></div>
+
+<div class="fsz8 spitalic padtopc">AM
+ PHOTO-LITHOGR. OC (OSBORNES PROCESS.)</div>
+</div><!--dcaption--></div><!--dctr02--></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section borall" id="p017">
+<div class="fsz1 padtopc">
+<span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz6 spltrspacea">CHARACTER</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz8">Of the PROVINCE of</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz3 spltrspacea">MARY-LAND,</span></div>
+
+<div class="fsz5 din2 splineha">Wherein is Deſcribed in four diſtinct
+Parts, (<i>Viz.</i>)</div>
+
+<ul id="p017ul" class="splineha">
+<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">I.</span>
+The Scituation, and plenty of the Province.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">II.</span>
+The Laws, Cuſtoms, and natural Demeanor
+of the Inhabitant.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">III.</span>
+The worſt and beſt Vſage of a Mary-Land
+Servant, opened in view.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb"><span class="p017rn">IV.</span>
+The Traffique, and Vendable Commodities
+of the Countrey.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="fsz6">ALSO</div>
+
+<div class="fsz4 din1"><em class="embold">A ſmall</em>
+<i>Treatiſe</i> on the Wilde and Naked INDIANS (<span class="fsz7">or
+<i>Suſquehanokes</i></span>) of <i>Mary-Land</i>, their Cuſtoms, Manners,
+Abſurdities, &amp; Religion.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz4 din1 padtopb">Together with a Collection of Hiſtorical
+LETTERS.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz3 padtopb">By GEORGE ALSOP.</div>
+
+<div class="fsz7 padtopa din2 splineha"><i>London</i>, Printed by <i>T. J.</i>
+for <i>Peter Dring</i>, at the ſign of the Sun in the <i>Poultrey</i>; 1666.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p019">
+<h2 class="h2herein">
+<span class="fsz7 spblk">TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE</span>
+CÆCILIUS LORD BALTEMORE,
+<span class="fsz7 spblk">(see
+note No. <a href="#note02" title="go to n&#x6f;te 2">2</a>)</span>
+<span class="fsz7 spblk">
+Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Provinces
+of <i>Mary-Land</i> and <i>Avalon</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note03" title="go to n&#x6f;te 3">3</a>)
+in <i>America</i>.</span>
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="smcap">M<b>Y</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">L<b>ORD,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
+Have adventured on your Lordships acceptance
+by guess; if presumption has led me into an
+Error that deserves correction, I heartily beg Indempnity,
+and resolve to repent soundly for it, and do so
+no more. What I present I know to be true, Experientia
+docet; It being an infallible Maxim, <i>That
+there is no Globe like the occular and experimental view
+of a Countrey</i>. And had not Fate by a necessary
+imployment, consin’d me within the narrow walks of
+a four years Servitude, and by degrees led me through
+the most intricate and dubious paths of this Countrey,
+by a commanding and undeniable Enjoyment, I could
+not, nor should I ever have undertaken to have written
+a line of this nature.</p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p021">
+<h2 class="h2herein">THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.</h2>
+
+<p>If I have wrote or composed any thing that’s wilde
+and confused, it is because I am so my self, and the
+world, as far as I can perceive, is not much out of the
+same trim; therefore I resolve, if I am brought to
+the Bar of <i>Common Law</i> for any thing I have done
+here, to plead <i>Non compos mentis</i>, to save my Bacon.</p>
+
+<p>There is an old Saying in English, <i>He must rise
+betimes that would please every one</i>. And I am afraid
+I have lain so long a bed, that I think I shall please
+no body; if it must be so, I cannot help it. But as
+<i>Feltham</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note04" title="go to n&#x6f;te 4">4</a>)
+in his <i>Resolves</i> says, <i>In things
+that must be, ’tis good to be resolute</i>; And therefore
+what Destiny has ordained, I am resolved to wink,
+and stand to it. So leaving your Honour to more
+serious meditations, I subscribe my self,</p>
+
+<div>My Lord</div>
+<div class="psignature00">Your Lordship most</div>
+<div class="psignature0">Humble Servant,</div>
+<div class="psignature"><span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">To all the Merchant Adventurers for MARY-LAND,
+together with those Commanders of Ships
+that saile into that Province.</span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="smcap">S<b>IRS,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst spitalic"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span><span class="smmaj">OU</span>
+are both Adventurers, the one of Estate, the
+other of Life: I could tell you I am an Adventurer
+too, if I durst presume to come into your Company.
+I have ventured to come abroad in Print, and if I should
+be laughed at for my good meaning, it would so break
+the credit of my understanding, that I should never dare
+to shew my face upon the Exchange of (conceited) Wits
+again.</p>
+
+<p class="spitalic">This dish of Discourse was intended for you at
+first, but it was manners to let my Lord have the first cut, the Pye
+being his own. I beseech you accept of the matter as ’tis drest,
+only to stay your stomachs, and I’le promise you the next shall be
+better done, ’Tis all as I can serve you in at present, and it may be
+questionable whether I have served you in this or no. Here I present
+you with <em class="emupright">A Character of Mary-Land</em>, it may
+be you will say ’tis weakly done, if you do I cannot help it, ’tis as
+well as I could do it, considering several Obstacles that like blocks
+were thrown in my way to hinder my proceeding: The major part thereof
+was written in the intermitting time of my sickness, therefore I hope
+the afflicting weakness of <span class="xxpn" id="p024">{24}</span>
+my Microcosm may plead a just excuse for some imperfections of my
+pen. I protest what I have writ is from an experimental knowledge
+of the Country, and not from any imaginary supposition. If I am
+blamed for what I have done too much, it is the first, and I will
+irrevocably promise it shall be the last. There’s a Maxim upon Tryals
+at Assizes, That if a thief be taken upon the first fault, if it be
+not to hainous, they only burn him in the hand and let him go <em
+class="emupright">(see
+note No. <a href="#note05" title="go to n&#x6f;te 5">5</a>):</em> So I desire you to do by me,
+if you find any thing that bears a criminal absurdity in it, only burn
+me for my first fact and let me go. But I am afraid I have kept you
+too long in the Entry, I shall desire you therefore to come in and sit
+down.</p>
+
+<p class="psignature">G.
+<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p025">
+<h2 class="h2herein spltrspacea"><span class="fsz8">THE</span><br />
+PREFACE<br />
+<span class="fsz8">TO THE</span><br />
+READER.</h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span><span class="smmaj">HE</span>
+Reason why I appear in this place is, lest the
+general Reader should conclude I have nothing
+to say for my self; and truly he’s in the right on’t,
+for I have but little to say (for my self) at this time:
+For I have had so large a Journey, and so heavy a
+Burden to bring <i>Mary-Land</i> into <i>England</i>, that I am
+almost out of breath: I’le promise you after I am
+come to my self, you shall hear more of me. Good
+Reader, because you see me make a brief Apologetical
+excuse for my self, don’t judge me; for I am so self-conceited
+of my own merits, that I almost think I
+want none. <i>De Lege non judicandum ex solâ linea</i>,
+saith the Civilian; We must not pass judgement upon
+a Law by one line: And because we see but a small
+Bush at a Tavern door, conclude there is no Canary
+(see
+note No. <a href="#note06" title="go to n&#x6f;te 6">6</a>)
+For as in our vulgar Resolves ’tis
+said, <i>A good face needs no Band, and an ill one deserves
+none</i>: So the French Proverb sayes, Bon Vien il n’a
+faut point de Ensigne, Good Wine needs no Bush. I
+suppose by this time some of my
+speculative observers <span class="xxpn" id="p026">{26}</span>
+have judged me vainglorious; but if they did but
+rightly consider me, they would not be so censorious.
+For I dwell so far from Neighbors, that if I do not
+praise my self, no body else will: And since I am left
+alone, I am resolved to summon the <i>Magna Charta</i> of
+Fowles to the Bar for my excuse, and by their irrevocable
+Statutes plead my discharge. <i>For its an ill
+Bird will befoule her own Nest</i>: Besides, I have a
+thousand <i>Billings-gate</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note07" title="go to n&#x6f;te 7">7</a>)
+Collegians that
+will give in their testimony, <i>That they never knew a
+Fish-woman cry stinking Fish</i>. Thus leaving the
+Nostrils of the Citizens Wives to demonstrate what
+they please as to that, and thee (Good Reader) to say
+what thou wilt, I bid thee Farewel.</p>
+
+<p class="psignature"><span class="smcap">G<b>EO.</b></span>
+ <span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP.</b></span></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h2 class="h2herein spltrspacea"><span class="fsz8">THE</span><br />
+AUTHOR<br />
+<span class="fsz8">TO HIS</span><br />
+BOOK.</h2>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft">
+<div class="dpp00">When first <i>Apollo</i> got my brain with Childe,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">He made large promise never to beguile,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But like an honest Father, he would keep</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Whatever Issue from my Brain did creep:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">With that I gave consent, and up he threw</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Me on a Bench, and strangely he did do;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then every week he daily came to see</div>
+<div class="dpp00">How his new Physick still did work with me.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And when he did perceive he’d don the feat,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Like an unworthy man he made retreat,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Left me in desolation, and where none</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Compassionated when they heard me groan.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">What could he judge the Parish then would think,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To see me fair, his Brat as black as Ink?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">If they had eyes, they’d swear I were no Nun,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But got with Child by some black <i>Africk</i> Son,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And so condemn me for my Fornication,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To beat them Hemp to stifle half the Nation.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Well, since ’tis so, I’le alter this base Fate,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And lay his Bastard at some Noble’s Gate;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Withdraw my self from Beadles, and from such,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Who would give twelve pence I were
+ in their clutch: <span class="xxpn" id="p028">{28}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then, who can tell? this Child which I do hide,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">
+ <span class="dfloatright fsz7" id="padtopd">(see
+ note No <a href="#note08" title="go to n&#x6f;te 8">8</a>).</span>
+May be in time a Small-beer Col’nel <i>Pride</i>
+</div>
+<div class="dpp00 dclearfix">But while I talk, my business it is dumb,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">I must lay double-clothes unto thy Bum,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then lap thee warm, and to the world commit</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The Bastard Off-spring of a New-born wit.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Farewel, poor Brat, thou in a monstrous World,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In swadling bands, thus up and down art hurl’d;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">There to receive what Destiny doth contrive,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Either to perish, or be sav’d alive.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Good Fate protect thee from a Criticks power,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">For If he comes, thou’rt gone in half an hour,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Stiff’d and blasted, ’tis their usual way,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To make that Night, which is as bright as Day.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">For if they once but wring, and skrew their mouth,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Cock up their Hats, and set the point Du-South,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Armes all a kimbo, and with belly strut,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">As if they had <i>Parnassus</i> in their gut:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">These are the Symtomes of the murthering fall</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Of my poor Infant, and his burial.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Say he should miss thee, and some ign’rant Asse</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Should find thee out, as he along doth pass,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">It were all one, he’d look into thy Tayle,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To see if thou wert Feminine or Male;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">When he’d half starv’d thee, for to satisfie</div>
+<div class="dpp00">His peeping Ign’rance, he’d then let thee lie;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And vow by’s wit he ne’re could understand,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The Heathen dresses of another Land:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Well, ’tis no matter, wherever such as he</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Knows one grain, more than his simplicity.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Now, how the pulses of my senses beat,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To think the rigid Fortune
+ thou wilt meet; <span class="xxpn" id="p029">{29}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Asses and captious Fools, not six in ten</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Of thy Spectators will be real men,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To Umpire up the badness of the cause,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And screen my weakness from the rav’nous Laws,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Of those that will undoubted sit to see</div>
+<div class="dpp00">How they might blast this new-born Infancy:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">If they should burn him, they’d conclude hereafter,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">’Twere too good death for him to dye a Martyr;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And if they let him live, they think it will</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Be but a means for to encourage ill,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And bring in time some strange <i>Antipod’ans</i>,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">A thousand Leagues beyond <i>Philippians</i>,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To storm our Wits; therefore he must not rest,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But shall be hang’d, for all he has been prest:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thus they conclude.—My Genius comforts give,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In Resurrection he will surely live.</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h2 class="h2herein">To my Friend Mr.
+<span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP,</b></span> on his Character of
+MARY-LAND.</h2>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
+<div class="dpp00">Who such odd nookes of Earths great mass describe,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Prove their descent from old
+ <em class="emupright">Columbus</em> tribe:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Some Boding augur did his Name devise,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thy Genius too cast in th’ same mould and size;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">His Name predicted he would be a Rover,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And hidden places of this Orb discover;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">He made relation of that World in gross,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou the particulars retail’st to us:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">By this first Peny of thy fancy we</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Discover what thy greater Coines will be;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">This Embryo thus well polisht doth presage,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The manly Atchievements of its future age.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Auspicious winds blow gently on this spark,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Untill its flames discover what’s yet dark;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Mean while this short Abridgement we embrace,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Expecting that thy busy soul will trace</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Some Mines at last which may enrich the World,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And all that poverty may be in oblivion hurl’d.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Zoilus is dumb, for thou the mark hast hit,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">By interlacing History with Wit:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou hast described its superficial Treasure,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Anatomiz’d its bowels at thy leasure;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That <em class="emupright">MARY-LAND</em>
+ to thee may duty owe,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Who to the World dost all her Glory shew;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then thou shalt make the Prophesie fall true,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Who fill’st the World (like th’ Sea) with knowledge new.</div>
+</div><div class="dstanzalft">
+<div class="poemcite"><span class="smcap">W<b>ILLIAM</b></span>
+ <span class="smcap">B<b>OGHERST.</b></span> (See
+ note No. <a href="#note09" title="go to n&#x6f;te 9">9</a>.)</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h2 class="h2herein">To my Friend Mr.
+<span class="smcap">G<b>EORGE</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">A<b>LSOP,</b></span> on his Character of
+MARY-LAND.</h2>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
+<div class="dpp00">This plain, yet pithy and concise Description</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Of <em class="emupright">Mary-Lands</em>
+ plentious and sedate condition,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">With other things herein by you set forth,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To shew its Rareness, and declare its Worth;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Compos’d in such a time, when most men were</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Smitten with Sickness, or surpriz’d with Fear,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Argues a Genius good, and Courage stout,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In bringing this Design so well about:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Such generous Freedom waited on thy brain,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The Work was done in midst of greatest pain;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And matters flow’d so swiftly from thy source,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Nature design’d thee (sure) for such Discourse.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Go on then with thy Work so well begun,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Let it come forth, and boldly see the Sun;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then shall’t be known to all, that from thy Youth</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou heldst it Noble to maintain the Truth,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">’Gainst all the Rabble-rout, that yelping stand,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To cast aspersions on thy
+ <em class="emupright">MARY-LAND:</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">But this thy Work shall vindicate its Fame,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And as a Trophy memorize thy Name,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">So if without a Tomb thou buried be,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">This Book’s a lasting Monument for thee.</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<div class="poemcite">H. W., Master of Arts. (See
+ note No. <a href="#note10" title="go to n&#x6f;te 10">10</a>).</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="fsz7 phanga">From my Study,<br />
+<i>Jan.</i> 10, 1665.</p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p034">
+<div class="dctr01"><img src="images/i044.jpg"
+width="800" height="588" alt="" />
+<div class="dcaption">
+
+<p id="p034a">A Land-skip of the
+Province of <span class="smcap">M<b>ARY</b></span> <span
+class="smmaj">LAND</span> Or the Lord Baltimors Plantation neere
+<span class="spwrdspc1">Virginia By</span> Geo: Alsop Gent.</p>
+
+<p class="psignature padtopc">Am.
+Photo-Lithographic Co. N.Y. Osborne’s Process</p>
+</div></div><!--dctr01--></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p035">
+<div class="fsz3 spltrspacea padtopc">
+<span class="fsz9">A</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz6">CHARACTER</span><br />
+
+<span class="fsz9"><span class="smmaj">OF THE</span>
+ PROVINCE <span class="smmaj">OF</span></span><br />
+
+MARY-LAND.</div>
+
+<h2 class="h2herein-b">CHAP. I.
+<span class="hsmall spitalic">Of
+the situation and plenty of the Province of<br />
+<em class="emupright">Mary-Land.</em></span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">M</span></span>ARY-LAND
+is a Province situated upon the
+large extending bowels of <i>America</i>, under the
+Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>, adjacent Northwardly
+upon the Confines of <i>New-England</i>, and
+neighbouring Southwardly upon <i>Virginia</i>, dwelling
+pleasantly upon the Bay of <i>Chæsapike</i> (see
+note No.
+<a href="#note11" title="go to n&#x6f;te 11">11</a>)
+between the Degrees of 36 and 38, in the Zone
+temperate, and by Mathematical computation is eleven
+hundred and odd Leagues in Longitude from <i>England</i>,
+being within her own imbraces extraordinary pleasant
+and fertile. Pleasant, in respect of the multitude of
+Navigable Rivers and Creeks that conveniently and
+most profitably lodge within the armes of her green,
+spreading, and delightful Woods; whose natural
+womb (by her plenty) maintains and preserves the
+several diversities of Animals that rangingly inhabit
+her Woods; as she doth otherwise
+generously fructifie <span class="xxpn" id="p036">{36}</span>
+this piece of Earth with almost all sorts of Vegetables,
+as well Flowers with their varieties of colours and
+smells, as Herbes and Roots with their several effects
+and operative virtues, that offer their benefits daily to
+supply the want of the Inhabitant whene’re their
+necessities shall <i>Sub-pœna</i> them to wait on their commands.
+So that he, who out of curiosity desires to
+see the Landskip of the Creation drawn to the life, or
+to read Natures universal Herbal without book, may
+with the Opticks of a discreet discerning, view <i>Mary-Land</i>
+drest in her green and fragrant Mantle of the
+Spring. Neither do I think there is any place under
+the Heavenly altitude, or that has footing or room
+upon the circular Globe of this world, that can parallel
+this fertile and pleasant piece of ground in its multiplicity,
+or rather Natures extravagancy of a superabounding
+plenty. For so much doth this Country
+increase in a swelling Spring-tide of rich variety and
+diversities of all things, not only common provisions
+that supply the reaching stomach of man with a
+satisfactory plenty, but also extends with its liberality
+and free convenient benefits to each sensitive faculty,
+according to their several desiring Appetites. So that
+had Nature made it her business, on purpose to have
+found out a situation for the Soul of profitable Ingenuity,
+she could not have fitted herself better in the
+traverse of the whole Universe, nor in convenienter
+terms have told man, <i>Dwell here, live plentifully and
+be rich</i>. <span class="xxpn" id="p037">{37}</span></p>
+
+<p>The Trees, Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and Roots that
+grow here in <i>Mary-Land</i>, are the only Emblems or
+Hieroglyphicks of our Adamitical or Primitive situation,
+as well for their variety as odoriferous smells,
+together with their vertues, according to their several
+effects, kinds and properties, which still bear the Effigies
+of Innocency according to their original Grafts;
+which by their dumb vegetable Oratory, each hour
+speaks to the Inhabitant in silent acts, That they
+need not look for any other Terrestrial Paradice, to
+suspend or tyre their curiosity upon, while she is
+extant. For within her doth dwell so much of
+variety, so much of natural plenty, that there is not
+any thing that is or may be rare, but it inhabits
+within this plentious soyle: So that those parts of
+the Creation that have borne the Bell away (for many
+ages) for a vegetable plentiousness, must now in
+silence strike and vayle all, and whisper softly in the
+auditual parts of <i>Mary-Land</i>, that <i>None but she in this
+dwells singular</i>; and that as well for that she doth
+exceed in those Fruits, Plants, Trees and Roots, that
+dwell and grow in their several Clymes or habitable
+parts of the Earth besides, as the rareness and super-excellency
+of her own glory, which she flourishly
+abounds in, by the abundancy of reserved Rarities,
+such as the remainder of the World (with all its
+speculative art) never bore any occular testimony of
+as yet. I shall forbear to particularize those several
+sorts of vegetables that flourishingly
+grows here, by <span class="xxpn" id="p038">{38}</span>
+reason of the vast tediousness that will attend upon
+the description, which therefore makes them much
+more fit for an Herbal, than a small Manuscript or
+History. (See note No. <a href="#note12" title="go to n&#x6f;te 12">12</a>).</p>
+
+<p>As for the wilde Animals of this Country, which
+loosely inhabits the Woods in multitudes, it is impossible
+to give you an exact description of them all,
+considering the multiplicity as well as the diversity of
+so numerous an extent of Creatures: But such as has
+fallen within the compass or prospect of my knowledge,
+those you shall know of; <i>videlicet</i>, the Deer, because
+they are oftner seen, and more participated of by the
+Inhabitants of the Land, whose acquaintance by a
+customary familiarity becomes much more common
+than the rest of Beasts that inhabit the Woods by
+using themselves in Herds about the Christian Plantations.
+Their flesh, which in some places of this
+Province is the common provision the Inhabitants
+feed on, and which through the extreme glut and
+plenty of it, being daily killed by the <i>Indians</i>, and
+brought in to the <i>English</i>, as well as that which is
+killed by the Christian Inhabitant, that doth it more
+for recreation, than for the benefit they reap by it.
+I say, the flesh of Venison becomes (as to food) rather
+denyed, than any way esteemed or desired. And this
+I speak from an experimental knowledge; For when
+I was under a Command, and debarr’d of a four years
+ranging Liberty in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, the
+Gentleman whom I served
+my conditional and <span class="xxpn" id="p039">{39}</span>
+prefixed time withall, had at one time in his house fourscore
+Venisons, besides plenty of other provisions to
+serve his Family nine months, they being but seven
+in number; so that before this Venison was brought
+to a period by eating, it so nauseated our appetites
+and stomachs, that plain bread was rather courted
+and desired than it.</p>
+
+<p>The Deer (see
+note No. <a href="#note13" title="go to n&#x6f;te 13">13</a>)
+here neither in shape
+nor action differ from our Deer in <i>England</i>: the Park
+they traverse their ranging and unmeasured walks in,
+is bounded and impanell’d in with no other pales than
+the rough and billowed Ocean: They are also mighty
+numerous in the Woods, and are little or not at all
+affrighted at the face of a man, but (like the Does of
+<i>Whetstons</i> Park) (see
+note No. <a href="#note14" title="go to n&#x6f;te 14">14</a>)
+though their hydes
+are not altogether so gaudy to extract an admiration
+from the beholder, yet they will stand (all most) till
+they be scratcht.</p>
+
+<p>As for the Wolves, Bears, and Panthers (see
+note
+No. <a href="#note15" title="go to n&#x6f;te 15">15</a>)
+of this Country, they inhabit commonly in
+great multitudes up in the remotest parts of the Continent;
+yet at some certain time they come down
+near the Plantations, but do little hurt or injury
+worth noting, and that which they do is of so degenerate
+and low a nature, (as in reference to the fierceness
+and heroick vigour that dwell in the same kind of
+Beasts in other Countries), that they are hardly worth
+mentioning: For the highest of their designs and
+circumventing reaches is but
+cowardly
+and base, only <span class="xxpn" id="p040">{40}</span>
+to steal a poor Pigg, or kill a lost and half starved
+Calf. The Effigies of a man terrifies them dreadfully,
+for they no sooner espy him but their hearts are at
+their mouths, and the spurs upon their heels, they
+(having no more manners than Beasts) gallop away,
+and never bid them farewell that are behind them.</p>
+
+<p>The Elke, the Cat of the Mountain, the Rackoon,
+the Fox, the Beaver, the Otter, the Possum, the Hare,
+the Squirril, the Monack, the Musk-Rat (see
+note
+No. <a href="#note16" title="go to n&#x6f;te 16">16</a>)
+and several others (whom I’le omit for
+brevity sake) inhabit here in <i>Mary-Land</i> in several
+droves and troops, ranging the Woods at their
+pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>The meat of most of these Creatures is good for
+eating, yet of no value nor esteem here, by reason of
+the great plenty of other provisions, and are only
+kill’d by the <i>Indians</i> of the Country for their Hydes
+and Furrs, which become very profitable to those that
+have the right way of traffiquing for them, as well as
+it redounds to the <i>Indians</i> that take the pains to catch
+them, and to slay and dress their several Hydes,
+selling and disposing them for such commodities as
+their Heathenish fancy delights in.</p>
+
+<p>As for those Beasts that were carried over at the
+first seating of the Country, to stock and increase the
+situation, as Cows, Horses, Sheep and Hogs (see
+note
+No. <a href="#note17" title="go to n&#x6f;te 17">17</a>)
+they are generally tame, and use near home,
+especially the Cows, Sheep and Horses. The Hogs,
+whose increase is innumerable in
+the Woods, do <span class="xxpn" id="p041">{41}</span>
+disfrequent home more than the rest of Creatures that
+are look’d upon as tame, yet with little trouble and
+pains they are slain and made provision of. Now
+they that will with a right Historical Survey, view
+the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i> in this particular, as in
+reference to Swine, must upon necessity judge this
+Land lineally descended from the <i>Gadarean</i> Territories.
+(See note No. <a href="#note18" title="go to n&#x6f;te 18">18</a>.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Mary-Land</i> (I must confess) cannot boast of her
+plenty of Sheep here, as other Countries; not but
+that they will thrive and increase here, as well as in
+any place of the World besides, but few desire them,
+because they commonly draw down the Wolves among
+the Plantations, as well by the sweetness of their
+flesh, as by the humility of their nature, in not
+making a defensive resistance against the rough dealing
+of a ravenous Enemy. They who for curiosity
+will keep Sheep, may expect that after the Wolves
+have breathed themselves all day in the Woods to
+sharpen their stomachs, they will come without fail
+and sup with them at night, though many times they
+surfeit themselves with the sawce that’s dish’d out of
+the muzzle of a Gun, and so in the midst of their
+banquet (poor Animals) they often sleep with their
+Ancestors.</p>
+
+<p>Fowls of all sorts and varieties dwell at their several
+times and seasons here in <i>Mary-Land</i>. The Turkey,
+the Woodcock, the Pheasant, the Partrich, the Pigeon,
+and others, especially the Turkey, whom
+I have seen <span class="xxpn" id="p042">{42}</span>
+in whole hundreds in flights in the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
+being an extraordinary fat Fowl, whose flesh
+is very pleasant and sweet. These Fowls that I have
+named are intayled from generation to generation to
+the Woods. The Swans, the Geese and Ducks (with
+other Water-Fowl) derogate in this point of setled
+residence; for they arrive in millionous multitudes in
+<i>Mary-Land</i> about the middle of <i>September</i>, and take
+their winged farewell about the midst of <i>March</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note19" title="go to n&#x6f;te 19">19</a>)
+But while they do remain, and beleagure
+the borders of the shoar with their winged
+Dragoons, several of them are summoned by a Writ
+of <i>Fieri facias</i>, to answer their presumptuous contempt
+upon a Spit.</p>
+
+<p>As for Fish, which dwell in the watry tenements
+of the deep, and by a providential greatness of power,
+is kept for the relief of several Countries in the world
+(which would else sink under the rigid enemy of
+want), here in <i>Mary-Land</i> is a large sufficiency, and
+plenty of almost all sorts of Fishes, which live and
+inhabit within her several Rivers and Creeks, far
+beyond the apprehending or crediting of those that
+never saw the same, which with very much ease is
+catched, to the great refreshment of the Inhabitants
+of the Province.</p>
+
+<p>All sorts of Grain, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oates,
+Pease, besides several others that have their original
+and birth from the fertile womb of this Land (and no
+where else), they all grow, increase,
+and thrive here <span class="xxpn" id="p043">{43}</span>
+in <i>Mary-Land</i>, without the chargable and laborious
+manuring of the Land with Dung; increasing in such
+a measure and plenty, by the natural richness of the
+Earth, with the common, beneficial and convenient
+showers of rain that usually wait upon the several
+Fields of Grain (by a natural instinct), so that Famine
+(the dreadful Ghost of penury and want) is never
+known with his pale visage to haunt the Dominions
+of <i>Mary-Land</i>. (See note No. <a href="#note20" title="go to n&#x6f;te 20">20</a>).</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Could’st thou (O Earth) live thus obscure, and now</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Within an Age, shew forth thy plentious brow</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Of rich variety, gilded with fruitful Fame,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That (Trumpet-like) doth Heraldize thy Name,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And tells the World there is a Land now found,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That all Earth’s Globe can’t parallel its Ground?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Dwell, and be prosperous, and with thy plenty feed</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The craving Carkesses of those Souls that need.</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p044">
+<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. II.
+<span class="hsmall spitalic">Of the Government and Natural Disposition of the
+People.</span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">M</span></span>ARY-LAND,
+not from the remoteness of her
+situation, but from the regularity of her well
+ordered Government, may (without sin, I think) be
+called <i>Singular</i>: And though she is not supported
+with such large Revenues as some of her Neighbours
+are, yet such is her wisdom in a reserved silence, and
+not in pomp, to shew her well-conditioned Estate, in
+relieving at a distance the proud poverty of those that
+wont be seen they want, as well as those which by
+undeniable necessities are drove upon the Rocks of
+pinching wants: Yet such a loathsome creature is a
+common and folding-handed Beggar, that upon the
+penalty of almost a perpetual working in Imprisonment,
+they are not to appear, nor lurk near our
+vigilant and laborious dwellings. The Country hath
+received a general spleen and antipathy against the
+very name and nature of it; and though there were
+no Law provided (as there is) to suppress it, I am
+certainly confident, there is none within the Province
+that would lower themselves so much below the dignity
+of men to beg, as long as limbs and life keep
+house together; so much is a vigilant industrious care
+esteem’d. <span class="xxpn" id="p045">{45}</span></p>
+
+<p>He that desires to see the real Platform of a quiet
+and sober Government extant, Superiority with a
+meek and yet commanding power sitting at the
+Helme, steering the actions of State quietly, through
+the multitude and diversity of Opinionous waves that
+diversly meet, let him look on <i>Mary-Land</i> with eyes
+admiring, and he’ll then judge her, <i>The Miracle of
+this Age</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Here the <i>Roman Catholick</i>, and the <i>Protestant Episcopal</i>
+(whom the world would perswade have proclaimed
+open Wars irrevocably against each other),
+contrarywise concur in an unanimous parallel of
+friendship, and inseparable love intayled into one
+another: All Inquisitions, Martyrdom, and Banishments
+are not so much as named, but unexpressably
+abhorr’d by each other.</p>
+
+<p>The several Opinions and Sects that lodge within
+this Government, meet not together in mutinous contempts
+to disquiet the power that bears Rule, but
+with a reverend quietness obeys the legal commands
+of Authority. (See note No. <a href="#note21" title="go to n&#x6f;te 21">21</a>)
+Here’s never seen
+Five Monarchies in a Zealous Rebellion, opposing the
+Rights and Liberties of a true setled Government, or
+Monarchical Authority: Nor did I ever see (here in
+<i>Mary-Land</i>) any of those dancing Adamitical Sisters,
+that plead a primitive Innocency for their base
+obscenity, and naked deportment; but I conceive if
+some of them were there at some certain time of the
+year, between the Months of
+<i>January</i> and <i>February</i>, <span class="xxpn" id="p046">{46}</span>
+when the winds blow from the North-West quarter of
+the world, that it would both cool, and (I believe)
+convert the hottest of these Zealots from their burning
+and fiercest concupiscence. (See note No. <a href="#note22" title="go to n&#x6f;te 22">22</a>).</p>
+
+<p>The Government of this Province doth continually,
+by all lawful means, strive to purge her Dominions
+from such base corroding humors, that would predominate
+upon the least smile of Liberty, did not the Laws
+check and bridle in those unwarranted and tumultuous
+Opinions. And truly, where a kingdom, State or
+Government, keeps or cuts down the weeds of destructive
+Opinions, there must certainly be a blessed harmony
+of quietness. And I really believe this Land or
+Government of <i>Mary-Land</i> may boast, that she enjoys
+as much quietness from the disturbance of Rebellious
+Opinions, as most States or Kingdoms do in the
+world: For here every man lives quietly, and follows
+his labour and imployment desiredly; and by the
+protection of the Laws, they are supported from those
+molestious troubles that ever attend upon the Commons
+of other States and Kingdoms, as well as from
+the Aquafortial operation of great and eating Taxes.
+Here’s nothing to be levyed out of the Granaries of
+Corn; but contrarywise, by a Law every Domestick
+Governor of a Family is enjoyned to make or cause
+to be made so much Corn by a just limitation, as shall
+be sufficient for him and his Family (see
+note No. <a href="#note23" title="go to n&#x6f;te 23">23</a>):
+So that by this wise and <i>Janus</i>-like providence, the
+thin-jawed Skeliton with his starv’d
+Carkess is never <span class="xxpn" id="p047">{47}</span>
+seen walking the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i> to affrighten
+Children.</p>
+
+<p>Once every year within this Province is an Assembly
+called, and out of every respective County (by the
+consent of the people) there is chosen a number of
+men, and to them is deliver’d up the Grievances of the
+Country; and they maturely debate the matters, and
+according to their Consciences make Laws for the
+general good of the people; and where any former
+Law that was made, seems and is prejudicial to the
+good or quietness of the Land, it is repeal’d. These
+men that determine on these matters for the Republique,
+are called Burgesses, and they commonly sit in
+Junto about six weeks, being for the most part good
+ordinary Householders of the several Counties, which
+do more by a plain and honest Conscience, than by
+artificial Syllogisms drest up in gilded Orations. (See
+note No. <a href="#note24" title="go to n&#x6f;te 24">24</a>).</p>
+
+<p>Here Suits and Tryals in Law seldome hold dispute
+two Terms or Courts, but according as the Equity of
+the Cause appears is brought to a period. (See note
+No. <a href="#note25" title="go to n&#x6f;te 25">25</a>)
+The <i>Temples</i> and <i>Grays-Inne</i> are clear out
+of fashion here: Marriot (see
+note No. <a href="#note26" title="go to n&#x6f;te 26">26</a>)
+would
+sooner get a paunch-devouring meal for nothing, than
+for his invading Counsil. Here if the Lawyer had
+nothing else to maintain him but his bawling, he
+might button up his Chops, and burn his Buckrom
+Bag, or else hang it upon a pin untill its Antiquity
+had eaten it up with durt and dust:
+Then with a <span class="xxpn" id="p048">{48}</span>
+Spade, like his Grandsire <i>Adam</i>, turn up the face of
+the Creation, purchasing his bread by the sweat of his
+brows, that before was got by the motionated Water-works
+of his jaws. So contrary to the Genius of the
+people, if not to the quiet Government of the Province,
+that the turbulent Spirit of continued and vexatious
+Law, with all its querks and evasions, is openly and
+most eagerly opposed, that might make matters either
+dubious, tedious, or troublesom. All other matters
+that would be ranging in contrary and improper
+Spheres, (in short) are here by the Power moderated,
+lower’d and subdued. All villanous Outrages that
+are committed in other States, are not so much as
+known here: A man may walk in the open Woods
+as secure from being externally dissected, as in his
+own house or dwelling. So hateful is a Robber, that
+if but once imagin’d to be so, he’s kept at a distance,
+and shun’d as the Pestilential noysomness. (See note
+No. <a href="#note27" title="go to n&#x6f;te 27">27</a>).</p>
+
+<p>It is generally and very remarkably observed, That
+those whose Lives and Conversations have had no
+other gloss nor glory stampt on them in their own
+Country, but the stigmatization of baseness, were here
+(by the common civilities and deportments of the
+Inhabitants of this Province) brought to detest and
+loath their former actions. Here the Constable hath
+no need of a train of Holberteers (see
+note No. <a href="#note28" title="go to n&#x6f;te 28">28</a>),
+that carry more Armour about them, than heart to
+guard him: Nor is he ever troubled
+to leave his <span class="xxpn" id="p049">{49}</span>
+Feathered Nest to some friendly successor, while he
+is placing of his Lanthern-horn Guard at the end of
+some suspicious Street, to catch some Night-walker,
+or Batchelor of Leachery, that has taken his Degree
+three story high in a Bawdy-house. Here’s no <i>Newgates</i>
+for pilfering Felons, nor <i>Ludgates</i> for Debtors,
+nor any <i>Bridewels</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note29" title="go to n&#x6f;te 29">29</a>)
+to lash the soul
+of Concupiscence into a chast Repentance. For as
+there is none of these Prisons in <i>Mary-Land</i>, so the
+merits of the Country deserves none, but if any be
+foully vitious, he is so reserv’d in it, that he seldom
+or never becomes popular. Common Alehouses (whose
+dwellings are the only Receptacles of debauchery and
+baseness, and those Schools that trains up Youth, as
+well as Age, to ruine), in this Province there are
+none; neither hath Youth his swing or range in such
+a profuse and unbridled liberty as in other Countries;
+for from an antient Custom at the primitive seating
+of the place, the Son works as well as the Servant (an
+excellent cure for untam’d Youth), so that before they
+eat their bread, they are commonly taught how to
+earn it; which makes them by that time Age speaks
+them capable of receiving that which their Parents
+indulgency is ready to give them, and which partly
+is by their own laborious industry purchased, they
+manage it with such a serious, grave and watching
+care, as if they had been Masters of Families, trained
+up in that domestick and governing power from their
+Cradles. These Christian Natives
+of the Land, <span class="xxpn" id="p050">{50}</span>
+especially those of the Masculine Sex, are generally conveniently
+confident, reservedly subtile, quick in
+apprehending, but slow in resolving; and where they
+spy profit sailing towards them with the wings of a
+prosperous gale, there they become much familiar.
+The Women differ something in this point, though
+not much: They are extreme bashful at the first
+view, but after a continuance of time hath brought
+them acquainted, there they become discreetly familiar,
+and are much more talkative then men. All
+Complemental Courtships, drest up in critical Rarities,
+are meer strangers to them, plain wit comes nearest
+their Genius; so that he that intends to Court a
+<i>Mary-Land</i> Girle, must have something more than
+the Tautologies of a long-winded speech to carry on
+his design, or else he may (for ought I know) fall
+under the contempt of her frown, and his own windy
+Oration. (See note No. <a href="#note30" title="go to n&#x6f;te 30">30</a>).</p>
+
+<p>One great part of the Inhabitants of this Province
+are desiredly Zealous, great pretenders to Holiness;
+and where any thing appears that carries on the
+Frontispiece of its Effigies the stamp of Religion,
+though fundamentally never so imperfect, they are
+suddenly taken with it, and out of an eager desire to
+any thing that’s new, not weighing the sure matter in
+the Ballance of Reason, are very apt to be catcht.
+(See note No. <a href="#note31" title="go to n&#x6f;te 31">31</a>)
+<i>Quakerism</i> is the only Opinion
+that bears the Bell away (see
+note No. <a href="#note32" title="go to n&#x6f;te 32">32</a>)
+The
+<i>Anabaptists</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note33" title="go to n&#x6f;te 33">33</a>)
+have little
+to say here, <span class="xxpn" id="p051">{51}</span>
+as well as in other places, since the Ghost of <i>John</i> of
+<i>Leyden</i> haunts their Conventicles. The <i>Adamite</i>,
+<i>Ranter</i>, and <i>Fifty-Monarchy men</i>, <i>Mary-Land</i> cannot,
+nay will not digest within her liberal stomach such
+corroding morsels: So that this Province is an utter
+Enemy to blasphemous and zealous Imprecations,
+drain’d from the Lymbeck of hellish and damnable
+Spirits, as well as profuse prophaness, that issues from
+the prodigality of none but cract-brain Sots.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">’Tis said the Gods lower down that Chain above,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That tyes both Prince and Subject up in Love;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And if this Fiction of the Gods be true,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Few, <em class="emupright">Mary-Land,</em>
+ in this can boast but you:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Live ever blest, and let those Clouds that do</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Eclipse most States, be always Lights to you;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And dwelling so, you may for ever be</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The only Emblem of Tranquility.</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p052">
+<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. III.
+<span class="hsmall spitalic">The necessariness of
+Servitude proved, with the common usage of Servants in
+<em class="emupright">Mary-Land</em>, together with their
+Priviledges.</span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span><span class="smmaj">S</span>
+there can be no Monarchy without the Supremacy
+of a King and Crown, nor no King without
+Subjects, nor any Parents without it be by the
+fruitful off-spring of Children; neither can there be
+any Masters, unless it be by the inferior Servitude of
+those that dwell under them, by a commanding enjoynment:
+And since it is ordained from the original
+and superabounding wisdom of all things, That there
+should be Degrees and Diversities amongst the Sons
+of men, in acknowledging of a Superiority from Inferiors
+to Superiors; the Servant with a reverent and
+befitting Obedience is as liable to this duty in a
+measurable performance to him whom he serves, as
+the loyalest of Subjects to his Prince. Then since it
+is a common and ordained Fate, that there must be
+Servants as well as Masters, and that good Servitudes
+are those Colledges of Sobriety that checks in the
+giddy and wild-headed youth from his profuse and
+uneven course of life, by a limited constrainment, as
+well as it otherwise agrees with the moderate and discreet
+Servant: Why should there be
+such an exclusive <span class="xxpn" id="p053">{53}</span>
+Obstacle in the minds and unreasonable dispositions
+of many people, against the limited time of convenient
+and necessary Servitude, when it is a thing so requisite,
+that the best of Kingdoms would be unhing’d
+from their quiet and well setled Government without
+it. Which levelling doctrine we here of <i>England</i> in
+this latter age (whose womb was truss’d out with
+nothing but confused Rebellion) have too much experienced,
+and was daily rung into the ears of the
+tumultuous Vulgar by the Bell-weather Sectaries of
+the Times: But (blessed be God) those Clouds are
+blown over, and the Government of the Kingdom
+coucht under a more stable form.</p>
+
+<p>There is no truer Emblem of Confusion either in
+Monarchy or Domestick Governments, then when
+either the Subject, or the Servant, strives for the
+upper hand of his Prince, or Master, and to be equal
+with him, from whom he receives his present subsistance:
+Why then, if Servitude be so necessary that no
+place can be governed in order, nor people live without
+it, this may serve to tell those which prick up their
+ears and bray against it, That they are none but
+Asses, and deserve the Bridle of a strict commanding
+power to reine them in: For I’me certainly confident,
+that there are several Thousands in most Kingdoms
+of Christendom, that could not at all live and subsist,
+unless they had served some prefixed time, to learn
+either some Trade, Art, or Science, and by either of
+them to extract
+their present livelihood. <span class="xxpn" id="p054">{54}</span></p>
+
+<p>Then methinks this may stop the mouths of those
+that will undiscreetly compassionate them that dwell
+under necessary Servitudes; for let but Parents of
+an indifferent capacity in Estates, when their Childrens
+age by computation speak them seventeen or
+eighteen years old, turn them loose to the wide world,
+without a seven years working Apprenticeship (being
+just brought up to the bare formality of a little reading
+and writing) and you shall immediately see how
+weak and shiftless they’le be towards the maintaining
+and supporting of themselves; and (without either
+stealing or begging) their bodies like a Sentinel must
+continually wait to see when their Souls will be
+frighted away by the pale Ghost of a starving want.</p>
+
+<p>Then let such, where Providence hath ordained to
+live as Servants, either in <i>England</i> or beyond Sea,
+endure the prefixed yoak of their limited time with
+patience, and then in a small computation of years,
+by an industrious endeavour, they may become Masters
+and Mistresses of Families themselves. And let
+this be spoke to the deserved praise of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
+That the four years I served there were not to me so
+slavish, as a two years Servitude of a Handicraft
+Apprenticeship was here in <i>London</i>; <i>Volenti enim nil
+difficile</i>: Not that I write this to seduce or delude
+any, or to draw them from their native soyle, but out
+of a love to my Countrymen, whom in the general I
+wish well to, and that the lowest of them may live in
+such a capacity of Estate, as that the
+bare interest of <span class="xxpn" id="p055">{55}</span>
+their Livelihoods might not altogether depend upon
+persons of the greatest extendments.</p>
+
+<p>Now those whose abilities here in <i>England</i> are
+capable of maintaining themselves in any reasonable
+and handsom manner, they had best so to remain,
+lest the roughness of the Ocean, together with the
+staring visages of the wilde Animals, which they
+may see after their arrival into the Country, may
+alter the natural dispositions of their bodies, that
+the stay’d and solid part that kept its motion by
+Doctor <i>Trigs</i> purgationary operation, may run beyond
+the byas of the wheel in a violent and laxative confusion.</p>
+
+<p>Now contrarywise, they who are low, and make
+bare shifts to buoy themselves up above the shabby
+center of beggarly and incident casualties, I heartily
+could wish the removal of some of them into <i>Mary-Land</i>,
+which would make much better for them that
+stay’d behind, as well as it would advantage those
+that went.</p>
+
+<p>They whose abilities cannot extend to purchase
+their own transportation into <i>Mary-Land</i> (and surely
+he that cannot command so small a sum for so great
+a matter, his life must needs be mighty low and
+dejected), I say they may for the debarment of a four
+years sordid liberty, go over into this Province and
+there live plentiously well. And what’s a four years
+Servitude to advantage a man all the remainder of
+his dayes, making his predecessors
+happy in his <span class="xxpn" id="p056">{56}</span>
+sufficient abilities, which he attained to partly by the
+restrainment of so small a time?</p>
+
+<p>Now those that commit themselves into the care of
+the Merchant to carry them over, they need not
+trouble themselves with any inquisitive search touching
+their Voyage; for there is such an honest care
+and provision made for them all the time they remain
+aboard the Ship, and are sailing over, that they want
+for nothing that is necessary and convenient.</p>
+
+<p>The Merchant commonly before they go aboard the
+Ship, or set themselves in any forwardness for their
+Voyage, has Conditions of Agreements drawn between
+him and those that by a voluntary consent become
+his Servants, to serve him, his Heirs or Assigns,
+according as they in their primitive acquaintance
+have made their bargain (see
+note No. <a href="#note34" title="go to n&#x6f;te 34">34</a>)
+some two,
+some three, some four years; and whatever the Master
+or Servant tyes himself up to here in <i>England</i> by
+Condition, the Laws of the Province will force a performance
+of when they come there: Yet here is this
+Priviledge in it when they arrive, If they dwell not
+with the Merchant they made their first agreement
+withall, they may choose whom they will serve their
+prefixed time with; and after their curiosity has
+pitcht on one whom they think fit for their turn, and
+that they may live well withall, the Merchant makes
+an Assignment of the Indenture over to him whom
+they of their free will have chosen to be their Master,
+in the same nature as we here in
+<i>England</i> (and no <span class="xxpn" id="p057">{57}</span>
+otherwise) turn over Covenant Servants or Apprentices
+from one Master to another. Then let those
+whose chaps are always breathing forth those filthy
+dregs of abusive exclamations, which are Lymbeckt
+from their sottish and preposterous brains, against
+this Country of <i>Mary-Land</i>, saying, That those which
+are transported over thither, are sold in open Market
+for Slaves, and draw in Carts like Horses; which is
+so damnable an untruth, that if they should search to
+the very Center of Hell, and enquire for a Lye of the
+most antient and damned stamp, I confidently believe
+they could not find one to parallel this: For know,
+That the Servants here in <i>Mary-Land</i> of all Colonies,
+distant or remote Plantations, have the least cause to
+complain, either for strictness of Servitude, want of
+Provisions, or need of Apparel: Five dayes and a half
+in the Summer weeks is the alotted time that they
+work in; and for two months, when the Sun predominates
+in the highest pitch of his heat, they claim an
+antient and customary Priviledge, to repose themselves
+three hours in the day within the house, and this is
+undeniably granted to them that work in the Fields.</p>
+
+<p>In the Winter time, which lasteth three months
+(viz.), <i>December</i>, <i>January</i>, and <i>February</i>, they do little
+or no work or imployment, save cutting of wood to
+make good fires to sit by, unless their Ingenuity will
+prompt them to hunt the Deer, or Bear, or recreate
+themselves in Fowling, to slaughter the Swans, Geese,
+and Turkeys (which this Country affords
+in a most <span class="xxpn" id="p058">{58}</span>
+plentiful manner): For every Servant has a Gun,
+Powder and Shot allowed him, to sport him withall
+on all Holidayes and leasurable times, if he be capable
+of using it, or be willing to learn.</p>
+
+<p>Now those Servants which come over into this
+Province, being Artificers, they never (during their
+Servitude) work in the Fields, or do any other imployment
+save that which their Handicraft and Mechanick
+endeavours are capable of putting them upon, and are
+esteem’d as well by their Masters, as those that imploy
+them, above measure. He that’s a Tradesman here
+in <i>Mary-Land</i> (though a Servant), lives as well as
+most common Handicrafts do in <i>London</i>, though they
+may want something of that Liberty which Freemen
+have, to go and come at their pleasure; yet if it were
+rightly understood and considered, what most of the
+Liberties of the several poor Tradesmen are taken up
+about, and what a care and trouble attends that thing
+they call Liberty, which according to the common
+translation is but Idleness, and (if weighed in the
+Ballance of a just Reason) will be found to be much
+heavier and cloggy then the four years restrainment
+of a <i>Mary-Land</i> Servitude. He that lives in the
+nature of a Servant in this Province, must serve but
+four years by the Custom of the Country; and when
+the expiration of his time speaks him a Freeman,
+there’s a Law in the Province, that enjoyns his Master
+whom he hath served to give him Fifty Acres of Land,
+Corn to serve him a whole year, three
+Suits of Apparel, <span class="xxpn" id="p059">{59}</span>
+with things necessary to them, and Tools to work
+withall; so that they are no sooner free, but they are
+ready to set up for themselves, and when once entred,
+they live passingly well. (See note No. <a href="#note35" title="go to n&#x6f;te 35">35</a>).</p>
+
+<p>The Women that go over into this Province as Servants,
+have the best luck here as in any place of the
+world besides; for they are no sooner on shoar, but
+they are courted into a Copulative Matrimony, which
+some of them (for aught I know) had they not come to
+such a Market with their Virginity, might have kept
+it by them untill it had been mouldy, unless they had
+let it out by a yearly rent to some of the Inhabitants
+of <i>Lewknors-Lane</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note36" title="go to n&#x6f;te 36">36</a>)
+or made a Deed
+of Gift of it to Mother <i>Coney</i>, having only a poor
+stipend out of it, untill the Gallows or Hospital called
+them away. Men have not altogether so good luck
+as Women in this kind, or natural preferment, without
+they be good Rhetoricians, and well vers’d in the
+Art of perswasion, then (probably) they may ryvet
+themselves in the time of their Servitude into the
+private and reserved favour of their Mistress, if Age
+speak their Master deficient.</p>
+
+<p>In short, touching the Servants of this Province,
+they live well in the time of their Service, and by
+their restrainment in that time, they are made capable
+of living much better when they come to be free;
+which in several other parts of the world I have
+observed, That after some servants have brought their
+indented and limited time to a just
+and legal period <span class="xxpn" id="p060">{60}</span>
+by Servitude, they have been much more incapable of
+supporting themselves from sinking into the Gulf of a
+slavish, poor, fettered, and intangled life, then all the
+fastness of their prefixed time did involve them in
+before.</p>
+
+<p>Now the main and principal Reason of those incident
+casualties, that wait continually upon the residences
+of most poor Artificers, is (I gather) from the
+multiciplicity or innumerableness of those several
+Companies of Tradesmen, that dwell so closely and
+stiflingly together in one and the same place, that
+like the chafing Gum in Watered-Tabby, they eat into
+the folds of one anothers Estates. And this might
+easily be remedied, would but some of them remove
+and disperse distantly where want and necessity calls
+for them; their dwellings (I am confident) would be
+much larger, and their conditions much better, as well
+in reference to their Estates, as to the satisfactoriness
+of their minds, having a continual imployment, and
+from that imployment a continual benefit, without
+either begging, seducing, or flattering for it, encroaching
+that one month from one of the same profession,
+that they are heaved out themselves the next. For
+I have observed on the other side of <i>Mary-Land</i>, that
+the whole course of most Mechanical endeavours, is
+to catch, snatch, and undervalue one another, to get
+a little work, or a Customer; which when they have
+attained by their lowbuilt and sneaking circumventings,
+it stands upon so flashy,
+mutable, and transitory <span class="xxpn" id="p061">{61}</span>
+a foundation, that the best of his hopes is commonly
+extinguisht before the poor undervalued Tradesman
+is warm in the enjoyment of his Customer.</p>
+
+<p>Then did not a cloud of low and base Cowardize
+eclipse the Spirits of these men, these things might
+easily be diverted; but they had as live take a Bear
+by the tooth, as think of leaving their own Country,
+though they live among their own National people,
+and are governed by the same Laws they have here,
+yet all this wont do with them; and all the Reason
+they can render to the contrary is, There’s a great
+Sea betwixt them and <i>Mary-Land</i>, and in that Sea
+there are Fishes, and not only Fishes but great Fishes,
+and then should a Ship meet with such an inconsiderable
+encounter as a Whale, one blow with his
+tayle, and then <i>Lord have Mercy upon us</i>: Yet meet
+with these men in their common Exchange, which is
+one story high in the bottom of a Celler, disputing
+over a Black-pot, it would be monstrously dreadful
+here to insert the particulars, one swearing that he
+was the first that scaled the Walls of <i>Dundee</i>, when
+the Bullets flew about their ears as thick as Hailstones
+usually fall from the Sky; which if it were but
+rightly examined, the most dangerous Engagement
+that ever he was in, was but at one of the flashy
+battels at <i>Finsbury</i>, (see
+note No. <a href="#note37" title="go to n&#x6f;te 37">37</a>)
+where commonly
+there’s more Custard greedily devoured, than
+men prejudiced by the rigour of the War. Others of
+this Company relating their
+several dreadful exploits, <span class="xxpn" id="p062">{62}</span>
+and when they are just entring into the particulars,
+let but one step in and interrupt their discourse, by
+telling them of a Sea Voyage, and the violency of
+storms that attends it, and that there are no back-doors
+to run out at, which they call, <i>a handsom
+Retreat and Charge again</i>; the apprehensive danger
+of this is so powerful and penetrating on them, that a
+damp sweat immediately involves their Microcosm,
+so that <i>Margery</i> the old Matron of the Celler, is fain
+to run for a half-peny-worth of <i>Angelica</i> to rub their
+nostrils; and though the Port-hole of their bodies
+has been stopt from a convenient Evacuation some
+several months, theyl’e need no other Suppository to
+open the Orifice of their Esculent faculties then this
+Relation, as their Drawers or Breeches can more at
+large demonstrate to the inquisitive search of the
+curious.</p>
+
+<p>Now I know that some will be apt to judge, that I
+have written this last part out of derision to some of
+my poor Mechanick Country-men: Truly I must
+needs tell those to their face that think so of me, that
+they prejudice me extremely, by censuring me as
+guilty of any such crime: What I have written is
+only to display the sordidness of their dispositions,
+who rather than they will remove to another Country
+to live plentiously well, and give their Neighbors
+more Elbow-room and space to breath in, they will
+croud and throng upon one another, with the pressure
+of a beggarly
+and unnecessary weight. <span class="xxpn" id="p063">{63}</span></p>
+
+<p>That which I have to say more in this business, is
+a hearty and desirous wish, that the several poor
+Tradesmen here in <i>London</i> that I know, and have
+borne an occular testimony of their want, might live
+so free from care as I did when I dwelt in the bonds
+of a four years Servitude in <i>Mary-Land</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Be just (Domestick Monarchs) unto them</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That dwell as Household Subjects to each Realm;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Let not your Power make you be too severe,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Where there’s small faults reign in your sharp Career:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">So that the Worlds base yelping Crew</div>
+<div class="dpp00">May’nt bark what I have wrote is writ untrue,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">So use your Servants, if there come no more,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">They may serve Eight, instead of serving Four.</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p064">
+<h2 class="h2herein">CHAP. IV.
+<span class="hsmall spitalic">Upon Trafique, and what Merchandizing
+Commodities this Province affords, also how Tobacco is
+planted and made fit for Commerce.</span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span>Rafique,
+Commerce, and Trade, are those great
+wheeles that by their circular and continued
+motion, turn into most Kingdoms of the Earth the
+plenty of abundant Riches that they are commonly
+fed withall: For Trafique in his right description, is
+the very soul of a Kingdom; and should but Fate
+ordain a removal of it for some years, from the richest
+and most populous Monarchy that dwells in the most
+fertile clyme of the whole Universe, he would soon
+find by a woful experiment, the miss and loss of so
+reviving a supporter. And I am certainly confident,
+that <i>England</i> would as soon feel her feebleness by
+withdrawment of so great an upholder; as well in
+reference to the internal and healthful preservative of
+her Inhabitants, for want of those Medicinal Drugs
+that are landed upon her Coast every year, as the
+external profits, Glory and beneficial Graces that
+accrue by her.</p>
+
+<p><i>Paracelsus</i> might knock down his Forge, if Trafique
+and Commerce should once cease, and grynde the hilt
+of his Sword into Powder, and take some of the Infusion
+to make him so valorous, that he
+might cut his <span class="xxpn" id="p065">{65}</span>
+own Throat in the honor of <i>Mercury</i>: <i>Galen</i> might
+then burn his Herbal, and like <i>Joseph of Arimathea</i>,
+build him a Tomb in his Garden, and so rest from his
+labours: Our Physical Collegians of <i>London</i> would
+have no cause then to thunder Fire-balls at <i>Nich. Culpeppers</i>
+Dispensatory (see
+note No. <a href="#note38" title="go to n&#x6f;te 38">38</a>)
+All Herbs,
+Roots, and Medicines would bear their original christening,
+that the ignorant might understand them:
+<i>Album grecum</i> would not be <i>Album grecum</i> (see
+note
+No. <a href="#note39" title="go to n&#x6f;te 39">39</a>)
+then, but a Dogs turd would be a Dogs turd
+in plain terms, in spight of their teeth.</p>
+
+<p>If Trade should once cease, the Custom-house would
+soon miss her hundreds and thousands Hogs-heads of
+Tobacco (see
+note No. <a href="#note40" title="go to n&#x6f;te 40">40</a>)
+that use to be throng in
+her every year, as well as the Grocers would in their
+Ware-houses and Boxes, the Gentry and Commonalty
+in their Pipes, the Physician in his Drugs and Medicinal
+Compositions; The (leering) Waiters for want
+of imployment, might (like so many <i>Diogenes</i>) intomb
+themselves in their empty Casks, and rouling themselves
+off the Key into the <i>Thames</i>, there wander up
+and down from tide to tide in contemplation of <i>Aristotles</i>
+unresolved curiosity, until the rottenness of their
+circular habitation give them a <i>Quietus est</i>, and fairly
+surrender them up into the custody of those who both
+for profession, disposition and nature, lay as near
+claim to them, as if they both tumbled in one belly,
+and for name they jump alike, being according to the
+original
+translation both <i>Sharkes</i>. <span class="xxpn" id="p066">{66}</span></p>
+
+<p>Silks and Cambricks, and Lawns to make sleeves,
+would be as soon miss’d at Court, as Gold and Silver
+would be in the Mint and Pockets: The Low-Country
+Soldier would be at a cold stand for Outlandish Furrs
+to make him Muffs, to keep his ten similitudes warm
+in the Winter, as well as the Furrier for want of
+Skins to uphold his Trade.</p>
+
+<p>Should Commerce once cease, there is no Country
+in the habitable world but would undoubtedly miss
+that flourishing, splendid and rich gallantry of Equipage,
+that Trafique maintained and drest her up in,
+before she received that fatal Eclipse: <i>England</i>,
+<i>France</i>, <i>Germany</i> and <i>Spain</i>, together with all the
+Kingdoms——</p>
+
+<p>But stop (good Muse) lest I should, like the Parson
+of <i>Pancras</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note41" title="go to n&#x6f;te 41">41</a>)
+run so far from my Text
+in half an hour, that a two hours trot back again
+would hardly fetch it up: I had best while I am
+alive in my Doctrine, to think again of <i>Mary-Land</i>,
+lest the business of other Countries take up so much
+room in my brain, that I forget and bury her in
+oblivion.</p>
+
+<p>The three main Commodities this Country affords
+for Trafique, are Tobacco, Furrs, and Flesh. Furrs
+and Skins, as Beavers, Otters, Musk-Rats, Rackoons,
+Wild-Cats, and Elke or Bufieloe (see
+note No. <a href="#note42" title="go to n&#x6f;te 42">42</a>),
+with divers others, which were first made vendible by
+the <i>Indians</i> of the Country, and sold to the Inhabitant,
+and by them to the
+Merchant, and so <span class="xxpn" id="p067">{67}</span>
+transported into <i>England</i> and other places where it becomes
+most commodious.</p>
+
+<p>Tobacco is the only solid Staple Commodity of this
+Province: The use of it was first found out by the
+<i>Indians</i> many Ages agoe, and transferr’d into Christendom
+by that great Discoverer of <i>America Columbus</i>.
+It’s generally made by all the Inhabitants of this
+Province, and between the months of <i>March</i> and <i>April</i>
+they sow the seed (which is much smaller then Mustard-seed)
+in small beds and patches digg’d up and
+made so by art, and about <i>May</i> the Plants commonly
+appear green in those beds: In <i>June</i> they are transplanted
+from their beds, and set in little hillocks in
+distant rowes, dug up for the same purpose; some
+twice or thrice they are weeded, and succoured from
+their illegitimate Leaves that would be peeping out
+from the body of the Stalk. They top the several
+Plants as they find occasion in their predominating
+rankness: About the middle of <i>September</i> they cut
+the Tobacco down, and carry it into houses, (made
+for that purpose) to bring it to its purity: And after
+it has attained, by a convenient attendance upon
+time, to its perfection, it is then tyed up in bundles,
+and packt into Hogs-heads, and then laid by for the
+Trade.</p>
+
+<p>Between <i>November</i> and <i>January</i> there arrives in
+this Province Shipping to the number of twenty sail
+and upwards (see
+note No. <a href="#note43" title="go to n&#x6f;te 43">43</a>)
+all Merchant-men
+loaden with Commodities to Trafique
+and dispose of, <span class="xxpn" id="p068">{68}</span>
+trucking with the Planter for Silks, Hollands, Serges,
+and Broad-clothes, with other necessary Goods, priz’d
+at such and such rates as shall be judg’d on is fair
+and legal, for Tobacco at so much the pound, and
+advantage on both sides considered; the Planter for
+his work, and the Merchant for adventuring himself
+and his Commodity into so far a Country: Thus is the
+Trade on both sides drove on with a fair and honest
+<i>Decorum</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Inhabitants of this Province are seldom or
+never put to the affrightment of being robb’d of their
+money, nor to dirty their Fingers by telling of vast
+sums: They have more bags to carry Corn, then
+Coyn; and though they want, but why should I call
+that a want which is only a necessary miss? the very
+effects of the dirt of this Province affords as great a
+profit to the general Inhabitant, as the Gold of <i>Peru</i>
+doth to the straight-breecht Commonalty of the
+<i>Spaniard</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Our Shops and Exchanges of <i>Mary-Land</i>, are the
+Merchants Store-houses, where with few words and
+protestations Goods are bought and delivered; not
+like those Shop-keepers Boys in <i>London</i>, that continually
+cry, <i>What do ye lack Sir? What d’ye buy?</i>
+yelping with so wide a mouth, as if some Apothecary
+had hired their mouths to stand open to catch Gnats
+and Vagabond Flyes in.</p>
+
+<p>Tobacco is the currant Coyn of <i>Mary-Land</i>, and
+will sooner purchase Commodities
+from the Merchant, <span class="xxpn" id="p069">{69}</span>
+then money. I must confess the <i>New-England</i> men
+that trade into this Province, had rather have fat
+Pork for their Goods, than Tobacco or Furrs (see
+note No. <a href="#note44" title="go to n&#x6f;te 44">44</a>)
+which I conceive is, because their bodies
+being fast bound up with the cords of restringent
+Zeal, they are fain to make use of the lineaments
+of this <i>Non-Canaanite</i> creature physically to loosen
+them; for a bit of a pound upon a two-peny Rye loaf,
+according to the original Receipt, will bring the costiv’st
+red-ear’d Zealot in some three hours time to a
+fine stool, if methodically observed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Medera</i>-Wines, Sugars, Salt, Wickar-Chairs, and
+Tin Candlesticks, is the most of the Commodities they
+bring in: They arrive in <i>Mary-Land</i> about <i>September</i>,
+being most of them Ketches and Barkes, and such
+small Vessels, and those dispersing themselves into
+several small Creeks of this Province, to sell and dispose
+of their Commodities, where they know the
+Market is most fit for their small Adventures.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barbadoes</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note45" title="go to n&#x6f;te 45">45</a>)
+together with the
+several adjacent Islands, has much Provision yearly
+from this Province: And though these Sun-burnt
+<i>Phaetons</i> think to outvye <i>Mary-Land</i> in their Silks
+and Puffs, daily speaking against her whom their
+necessities makes them beholding to, and like so
+many <i>Don Diegos</i> that becackt <i>Pauls</i>, cock their Felts
+and look big upon’t; yet if a man could go down into
+their infernals, and see how it fares with them there,
+I believe he would hardly find any
+other Spirit to <span class="xxpn" id="p070">{70}</span>
+buoy them up, then the ill-visaged Ghost of want,
+that continually wanders from gut to gut to feed upon
+the undigested rynes of Potatoes.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Trafique is Earth’s great Atlas, that supports</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The pay of Armies, and the height of Courts,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And makes Mechanicks live, that else would die</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Meer starving Martyrs to their penury:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">None but the Merchant of this thing can boast,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">He, like the Bee, comes loaden from each Coast,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And to all Kingdoms, as within a Hive,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Stows up those Riches that doth make them thrive:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Be thrifty, <em class="emupright">Mary-Land,</em>
+ keep what thou hast in store,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And each years Trafique to thy self get more.</div>
+</div></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p071">
+
+<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">
+A Relation of the Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and
+Religion of the
+<span class="smcap">S<b>USQUEHANOCK</b></span> (see
+note No. <a href="#note46" title="go to n&#x6f;te 46">46</a>)
+<span class="smcap">I<b>NDIANS</b></span> in and near
+<span class="smcap">M<b>ARY</b>-L<b>AND.</b></span></span></h2>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span>S
+the diversities of Languages (since Babels confusion)
+has made the distinction between people
+and people, in this Christendompart of the world; so
+are they distinguished Nation from Nation, by the
+diversities and confusion of their Speech and Languages
+(see
+note No. <a href="#note47" title="go to n&#x6f;te 47">47</a>)
+here in <i>America</i>: And as
+every Nation differs in their Laws, Manners and Customs,
+in <i>Europe</i>, <i>Asia</i> and <i>Africa</i>, so do they the very
+same here; That it would be a most intricate and
+laborious trouble, to run (with a description) through
+the several Nations of <i>Indians</i> here in <i>America</i>, considering
+the innumerableness and diversities of them
+that dwell on this vast and unmeasured Continent:
+But rather then I’le be altogether silent, I shall do
+like the Painter in the Comedy, who being to limne
+out the Pourtraiture of the Furies, as they severally
+appeared, set himself behind a Pillar, and between
+fright and amazement, drew them by guess. Those
+<i>Indians</i> that I have convers’d withall here in this
+Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, and have had any occular
+experimental view of either of their Customs, Manners,
+Religions, and Absurdities, are
+called by the <span class="xxpn" id="p072">{72}</span>
+name of <i>Susquehanocks</i>, being a people lookt upon by
+the Christian Inhabitants, as the most Noble and
+Heroick Nation of <i>Indians</i> that dwell upon the confines
+of <i>America</i>; also are so allowed and lookt upon
+by the rest of the <i>Indians</i>, by a submissive and tributary
+acknowledgement; being a people cast into the
+mould of a most large and Warlike deportment, the
+men being for the most part seven foot high in latitude,
+and in magnitude and bulk suitable to so high
+a pitch; their voyce large and hollow, as ascending
+out of a Cave, their gate and behavior strait, stately
+and majestick, treading on the Earth with as much
+pride, contempt, and disdain to so sordid a Center,
+as can be imagined from a creature derived from the
+same mould and Earth.</p>
+
+<p>Their bodies are cloth’d with no other Armour to
+defend them from the nipping frosts of a benumbing
+Winter, or the penetrating and scorching influence of
+the Sun in a hot Summer, then what Nature gave
+them when they parted with the dark receptacle of
+their mothers womb. They go Men, Women and
+Children, all naked, only where shame leads them by
+a natural instinct to be reservedly modest, there they
+become cover’d. The formality of <i>Jezabels</i> artificial
+Glory is much courted and followed by these <i>Indians</i>,
+only in matter of colours (I conceive) they differ.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Indians</i> paint upon their faces one stroke of
+red, another of green, another of white, and another
+of black, so that when they
+have accomplished the <span class="xxpn" id="p073">{73}</span>
+Equipage of their Countenance in this trim, they are
+the only Hieroglyphicks and Representatives of the
+Furies. Their skins are naturally white, but altered
+from their originals by the several dyings of Roots
+and Barks, that they prepare and make useful to
+metamorphize their hydes into a dark Cinamon brown.
+The hair of their head is black, long and harsh, but
+where Nature hath appointed the situation of it any
+where else, they divert it (by an antient custom) from
+its growth, by pulling it up hair by hair by the root
+in its primitive appearance. Several of them wear
+divers impressions on their breasts and armes, as the
+picture of the Devil, Bears, Tigers, and Panthers,
+which are imprinted on their several lineaments with
+much difficulty and pain, with an irrevocable determination
+of its abiding there: And this they count a
+badge of Heroick Valour, and the only Ornament due
+to their <i>Heroes</i>. (See
+note No. <a href="#note48" title="go to n&#x6f;te 48">48</a>).</p>
+
+<p>These <i>Susquehanock Indians</i> are for the most part
+great Warriours, and seldom sleep one Summer in the
+quiet armes of a peaceable Rest, but keep (by their
+present Power, as well as by their former Conquest)
+the several Nations of <i>Indians</i> round about them, in a
+forceable obedience and subjection.</p>
+
+<p>Their Government is wrapt up in so various and
+intricate a Laborynth, that the speculativ’st Artist in
+the whole World, with his artificial and natural
+Opticks, cannot see into the rule or sway of these
+<i>Indians</i>, to distinguish what name
+of Government to <span class="xxpn" id="p074">{74}</span>
+call them by; though <i>Purchas</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note49" title="go to n&#x6f;te 49">49</a>)
+in
+his <i>Peregrination</i> between <i>London</i> and <i>Essex</i>, (which
+he calls the whole World) will undertake (forsooth)
+to make a Monarchy of them, but if he had said
+Anarchy, his word would have pass’d with a better
+belief. All that ever I could observe in them as to
+this matter is, that he that is most cruelly Valorous,
+is accounted the most Noble: Here is very seldom
+any creeping from a Country Farm, into a Courtly
+Gallantry, by a sum of money; nor feeing the Heralds
+to put Daggers and Pistols into their Armes, to make
+the ignorant believe that they are lineally descended
+from the house of the Wars and Conquests; he that
+fights best carries it here.</p>
+
+<p>When they determine to go upon some Design that
+will and doth require a Consideration, some six of
+them get into a corner, and sit in Juncto; and if
+thought fit, their business is made popular, and immediately
+put into action; if not, they make a full stop
+to it, and are silently reserv’d.</p>
+
+<p>The Warlike Equipage they put themselves in
+when they prepare for <i>Belona’s</i> March, is with their
+faces, armes, and breasts confusedly painted, their
+hair greased with Bears oyl, and stuck thick with
+Swans Feathers, with a wreath or Diadem of black
+and white Beads upon their heads, a small Hatchet,
+instead of a Cymetre, stuck in their girts behind them,
+and either with Guns, or Bows and Arrows. In this
+posture and dress they march out from
+their Fort, or <span class="xxpn" id="p075">{75}</span>
+dwelling, to the number of Forty in a Troop, singing
+(or rather howling out) the Decades or Warlike
+exploits of their Ancestors, ranging the wide Woods
+untill their fury has met with an Enemy worthy of
+their Revenge. What Prisoners fall into their hands
+by the destiny of War, they treat them very civilly
+while they remain with them abroad, but when they
+once return homewards, they then begin to dress them
+in the habit for death, putting on their heads and
+armes wreaths of Beads, greazing their hair with fat,
+some going before, and the rest behind, at equal distance
+from their Prisoners, bellowing in a strange and
+confused manner, which is a true presage and forerunner
+of destruction to their then conquered Enemy. (See note
+No. <a href="#note50" title="go to n&#x6f;te 50">50</a>).</p>
+
+<p>In this manner of march they continue till they
+have brought them to their Berken City (see
+note No. <a href="#note51" title="go to n&#x6f;te 51">51</a>)
+where they deliver them up to those that in
+cruelty will execute them, without either the legal
+Judgement of a Council of War, or the benefit of their
+Clergy at the Common Law. The common and usual
+deaths they put their Prisoners to, is to bind them to
+stakes, making a fire some distance from them; then
+one or other of them, whose Genius delights in the art
+of Paganish dissection, with a sharp knife or flint cuts
+the Cutis or outermost skin of the brow so deep, untill
+their nails, or rather Talons, can fasten themselves
+firm and secure in, then (with a most rigid jerk) disrobeth
+the head of skin and hair at
+one pull, leaving <span class="xxpn" id="p076">{76}</span>
+the skull almost as bare as those Monumental Skelitons
+at Chyrurgions-Hall; but for fear they should
+get cold by leaving so warm and customary a Cap off,
+they immediately apply to the skull a Cataplasm of
+hot Embers to keep their Pericanium warm. While
+they are thus acting this cruelty on their heads,
+several others are preparing pieces of Iron, and barrels
+of old Guns, which they make red hot, to sear each
+part and lineament of their bodies, which they perform
+and act in a most cruel and barbarous manner:
+And while they are thus in the midst of their torments
+and execrable usage, some tearing their skin
+and hair of their head off by violence, others searing
+their bodies with hot irons, some are cutting their
+flesh off, and eating it before their eyes raw while
+they are alive; yet all this and much more never
+makes them lower the Top-gallant sail of their
+Heroick courage, to beg with a submissive Repentance
+any indulgent favour from their persecuting Enemies;
+but with an undaunted contempt to their cruelty, eye
+it with so slight and mean a respect, as if it were
+below them to value what they did, they courageously
+(while breath doth libertize them) sing the summary
+of their Warlike Atchievements.</p>
+
+<p>Now after this cruelty has brought their tormented
+lives to a period, they immediately fall to butchering
+of them into parts, distributing the several pieces
+amongst the Sons of War, to intomb the ruines of
+their deceased Conquest in no
+other Sepulchre then <span class="xxpn" id="p077">{77}</span>
+their unsanctified maws; which they with more appetite
+and desire do eat and digest, then if the best of
+foods should court their stomachs to participate of the
+most restorative Banquet. Yet though they now and
+then feed upon the Carkesses of their Enemies, this is
+not a common dyet, but only a particular dish for the
+better sort (see
+note No. <a href="#note52" title="go to n&#x6f;te 52">52</a>)
+for there is not a Beast
+that runs in the Woods of <i>America</i>, but if they can by
+any means come at him, without any scruple of Conscience
+they’le fall too (Without saying Grace) with a
+devouring greediness.</p>
+
+<p>As for their Religion, together with their Rites and
+Ceremonies, they are so absurd and ridiculous, that
+its almost a sin to name them. They own no other
+Deity than the Devil, (solid or profound) but with a
+kind of a wilde imaginary conjecture, they suppose
+from their groundless conceits, that the World had a
+Maker, but where he is that made it, or whether he
+be living to this day, they know not. The Devil, as
+I said before, is all the God they own or worship;
+and that more out of a slavish fear then any real
+Reverence to his Infernal or Diabolical greatness, he
+forcing them to their Obedience by his rough and
+rigid dealing with them, often appearing visibly
+among them to their terrour, bastinadoing them
+(with cruel menaces) even unto death, and burning
+their Fields of Corn and houses, that the relation
+thereof makes them tremble themselves when they
+tell it. <span class="xxpn" id="p078">{78}</span></p>
+
+<p>Once in four years they Sacrifice a Childe to him
+(see
+note No. <a href="#note53" title="go to n&#x6f;te 53">53</a>)
+in an acknowledgement of their
+firm obedience to all his Devillish powers, and Hellish
+commands. The Priests to whom they apply themselves
+in matters of importance and greatest distress,
+are like those that attended upon the Oracle at
+<i>Delphos</i>, who by their Magic-spells could command a
+<i>pro</i> or <i>con</i> from the Devil when they pleas’d. These
+<i>Indians</i> oft-times raise great Tempests when they
+have any weighty matter or design in hand, and by
+blustering storms inquire of their Infernal God (the
+Devil) <i>How matters shall go with them either in publick
+or private.</i> (See
+note No. <a href="#note54" title="go to n&#x6f;te 54">54</a>).</p>
+
+<p>When any among them depart this life, they give
+him no other intombment, then to set him upright
+upon his breech in a hole dug in the Earth some five
+foot long, and three foot deep, covered over with the
+Bark of Trees Arch-wise, with his face Du-West, only
+leaving a hole half a foot square open. They dress
+him in the same Equipage and Gallantry that he used
+to be trim’d in when he was alive, and so bury him
+(if a Soldier) with his Bows, Arrows, and Target,
+together with all the rest of his implements and
+weapons of War, with a Kettle of Broth, and Corn
+standing before him, lest he should meet with bad
+quarters in his way. (See note No. <a href="#note55" title="go to n&#x6f;te 55">55</a>)
+His Kinred
+and Relations follow him to the Grave, sheath’d in
+Bear skins for close mourning, with the tayl droyling
+on the ground, in imitation of
+our <i>English</i> Solemners, <span class="xxpn" id="p079">{79}</span>
+that think there’s nothing like a tayl a Degree in
+length, to follow the dead Corpse to the Grave with.
+Here if that snuffling Prolocutor, that waits upon the
+dead Monuments of the Tombs at <i>Westminster</i>, with
+his white Rod were there, he might walk from Tomb
+to Tomb with his, <i>Here lies the Duke of</i> Ferrara <i>and
+his Dutchess</i>, and never find any decaying vacation,
+unless it were in the moldering Consumption of his
+own Lungs. They bury all within the wall or
+Pallisado’d impalement of their City, or <i>Connadago</i>
+(see
+note No. <a href="#note56" title="go to n&#x6f;te 56">56</a>)
+as they call it. Their houses are
+low and long, built with the Bark of Trees Arch-wise,
+standing thick and confusedly together. They are
+situated a hundred and odd miles distant from the
+Christian Plantations of <i>Mary-Land</i>, at the head of a
+River that runs into the Bay of <i>Chæsapike</i>, called by
+their own name <i>The Susquehanock River</i>, where they
+remain and inhabit most part of the Summer time,
+and seldom remove far from it, unless it be to subdue
+any Forreign Rebellion.</p>
+
+<p>About <i>November</i> the best Hunters draw off to
+several remote places of the Woods, where they know
+the Deer, Bear, and Elke useth; there they build them
+several Cottages, which they call their Winter-quarter,
+where they remain for the space of three months, untill
+they have killed up a sufficiency of Provisions to supply
+their Families with in the Summer.</p>
+
+<p>The Women are the Butchers, Cooks, and Tillers
+of the ground, the Men think it below
+the honour of <span class="xxpn" id="p080">{80}</span>
+a Masculine, to stoop to any thing but that which
+their Gun, or Bow and Arrows can command. The
+Men kill the several Beasts which they meet withall
+in the Woods, and the Women are the Pack horses to
+fetch it in upon their backs, fleying and dressing the
+hydes, (as well as the flesh for provision) to make
+them fit for Trading, and which are brought down to
+the <i>English</i> at several seasons in the year, to truck
+and dispose of them for course Blankets, Guns, Powder
+and lead, Beads, small Looking-glasses, Knives,
+and Razors. (See note No. <a href="#note57" title="go to n&#x6f;te 57">57</a>).</p>
+
+<p>I never observed all the while I was amongst these
+naked <i>Indians</i>, that ever the Women wore the
+Breeches, or dared either in look or action predominate
+over the Men. They are very constant to their
+Wives; and let this be spoken to their Heathenish
+praise, that did they not alter their bodies by their
+dyings, paintings, and cutting themselves, marring
+those Excellencies that Nature bestowed upon them
+in their original conceptions and birth, there would
+be as amiable beauties amongst them, as any <i>Alexandria</i>
+could afford, when <i>Mark Anthony</i> and <i>Cleopatra</i>
+dwelt there together. Their Marriages are
+short and authentique; for after ’tis resolv’d upon by
+both parties, the Woman sends her intended Husband
+a Kettle of boyl’d Venison, or Bear; and he returns
+in lieu thereof Beaver or Otters Skins, and so their
+Nuptial Rites are concluded without other Ceremony.
+(See
+note No. <a href="#note58" title="go to n&#x6f;te 58">58</a>)
+<span class="xxpn" id="p081">{81}</span></p>
+
+<p>Before I bring my Heathenish Story to a period, I
+have one thing worthy your observation: For as our
+Grammar Rules have it, <i>Non decet quenquam me ire
+currentem aut mandantem</i>: It doth not become any
+man to piss running or eating. These Pagan men
+naturally observe the same Rule; for they are so far
+from running, that like a Hare, they squat to the
+ground as low as they can, while the Women stand
+bolt upright with their armes a Kimbo, performing
+the same action, in so confident and obscene a posture
+(see
+note No. <a href="#note59" title="go to n&#x6f;te 59">59</a>)
+as if they had taken their Degrees
+of Entrance at <i>Venice</i>, and commenced Bawds of Art
+at <i>Legorne</i>.</p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p082">
+<h2 class="h2herein"><span class="hsmall">A Collection of some Letters
+that were written by the same Author, most of them in the time of his
+Servitude.</span></h2>
+
+<h3 class="h3letter">To my much Honored Friend
+<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
+Have lived with sorrow to see the Anointed of the
+Lord tore from his Throne by the hands of Paricides,
+and in contempt haled, in the view of God,
+Angels and Men, upon a public Theatre, and there
+murthered. I have seen the sacred Temple of the
+Almighty, in scorn by Schismatics made the Receptacle
+of Theeves and Robbers; and those Religious
+Prayers, that in devotion Evening and Morning were
+offered up as a Sacrifice to our God, rent by Sacrilegious
+hands, and made no other use of, then sold to
+Brothel-houses to light Tobacco with.</p>
+
+<p>Who then can stay, or will, to see things of so great
+weight steer’d by such barbarous Hounds as these:
+First, were there an <i>Egypt</i> to go down to, I would
+involve my Liberty to them, upon condition ne’er
+more to see my Country. What? live in silence
+under the sway of such base actions, is to give consent;
+and though the lowness of my present Estate
+and Condition, with the hazard I put my future dayes
+upon, might plead a just excuse for me to stay at
+home; but Heavens forbid: I’le
+rather serve in <span class="xxpn" id="p084">{84}</span>
+Chains, and draw the Plough with Animals, till death
+shall stop and say, <i>It is enough</i>. Sir, if you stay
+behind, I wish you well: I am bound for <i>Mary-Land</i>,
+this day I have made some entrance into my intended
+voyage, and when I have done more, you shall know
+of it. I have here inclosed what you of me desired,
+but truly trouble, discontent and business, have so
+amazed my senses, that what to write, or where to
+write, I conceive my self almost as uncapable as he
+that never did write. What you’le find will be <i>Ex
+tempore</i>, without the use of premeditation; and though
+there may want something of a flourishing stile to
+dress them forth, yet I’m certain there wants nothing
+of truth, will, and desire.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
+<div class="dpp00">Heavens bright Lamp, shine forth some of thy Light,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But just so long to paint this dismal Night;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then draw thy beams, and hide thy glorious face,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">From the dark sable actions of this place;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Leaving these lustful Sodomites groping still,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To satisfie each dark unsatiate will,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Untill at length the crimes that they commit,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">May sink them down to Hells Infernal pit.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Base and degenerate Earth, how dost thou lye,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That all that pass hiss, at thy Treachery?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou which couldst boast once of thy King and Crown,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">By base Mechanicks now art tumbled down,</div>
+<div class="dpp00"><em class="emupright">Brewers</em> and <em
+ class="emupright">Coblers,</em> that have scarce an Eye,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Walk hand in hand an thy Supremacy;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And all those Courts where Majesty did Throne,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Are now the Seats for Oliver and Ioan:
+ <span class="xxpn" id="p085">{85}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Persons of Honour, which did before inherit</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Their glorious Titles from deserved merit,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Are all grown silent, and with wonder gaze,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To view such Slaves drest in their Courtly rayes;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To see a <em class="emupright">Drayman</em>
+ that knows nought but Yeast,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Set in a Throne like <em class="emupright">Babylons</em>
+ red Beast,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">While heaps of Parasites do idolize</div>
+<div class="dpp00">This red-nos’d <em class="emupright">Bell,</em>
+ with fawning Sacrifice.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">What can we say? our King they’ve Murthered,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And those well born, are basely buried:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Nobles are slain, and Royalists in each street</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Are scorn’d, and kick’d by most Men that they meet:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Religion’s banisht, and Heresie survives,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And none but Conventicks in this Age thrives.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Oh could those <em class="emupright">Romans</em>
+ from their Ashes rise,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That liv’d in <em class="emupright">Nero’s</em>
+ time: Oh how their cries</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Would our perfidious Island shake, nay rend,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">With clamorous screaks unto the Heaven send:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Oh how they’d blush to see our Crimson crimes,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And know the Subjects Authors of these times:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">When as the Peasant he shall take his King,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And without cause shall fall a murthering him;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And when that’s done, with Pride assume the Chair,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And <em class="emupright">Nimrod</em>-like,
+ himself to heaven rear;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Command the People, make the Land Obey</div>
+<div class="dpp00">His baser will, and swear to what he’l say.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Sure, sure our God has not these evils sent</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To please himself, but for mans punishment:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And when he shall from our dark sable Skies</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Withdraw these Clouds, and let our Sun arise,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Our dayes will surely then in Glory shine,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Both in our Temporal, and our State divine:
+ <span class="xxpn" id="p086">{86}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">May this come quickly, though I may never see</div>
+<div class="dpp00">This glorious day, yet I would sympathie,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And feel a joy run through each vain of blood,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Though Vassalled on t’other side the Floud.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Heavens protect his Sacred Majesty,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">From secret Plots, &amp; treacherous Villany.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And that those Slaves that now predominate,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Hang’d and destroy’d may be their best of Fate;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And though Great <em class="emupright">Charles</em>
+ be distant from his own,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Heaven I hope will seat him on his Throne.</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="psignature00">Vale.</div>
+<div class="psignature0">Yours what I may,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From the Chimney Corner upon a low cricket,
+where I writ this in the noise of some six Women, <i>Aug.</i> 19.
+<i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Father at his House.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">B</span></span>Efore
+I dare bid Adieu to the old World, or
+shake hands with my native Soyl for ever, I
+have a Conscience inwards tells me, that I must offer
+up the remains of that Obedience of mine, that lyes
+close centered within the cave of my Soul, at the
+Alter, of your paternal Love: And though this Sacrifice
+of mine may shew something low and thread-bare,
+(at this time) yet know, That in the
+Zenith of all <span class="xxpn" id="p087">{87}</span>
+actions, Obedience is that great wheel that moves the
+lesser in their circular motion.</p>
+
+<p>I am now entring for some time to dwell under the
+Government of <i>Neptune</i>, a Monarchy that I was never
+manured to live under, nor to converse with in his
+dreadful Aspect, neither do I know how I shall bear
+with his rough demands; but that God has carried
+me through those many gusts a shoar, which I have
+met withall in the several voyages of my life, I hope
+will Pilot me safely to my desired Port, through the
+worst of Stormes I shall meet withall at Sea.</p>
+
+<p>We have strange, and yet good news aboard, that
+he whose vast mind could not be contented with
+spacious Territories to stretch his insatiate desires on,
+is (by an Almighty power) banished from his usuped
+Throne to dwell among the dead. I no sooner heard
+of it, but my melancholly Muse forced me upon this
+ensuing Distich.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">Poor vaunting Earth, gloss’d with uncertain Pride,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That liv’d in Pomp, yet worse than others dy’d:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Who shall blow forth a Trumpet to thy praise?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Or call thy sable Actions shining Rayes?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Such Lights as those blaze forth the vertued dead,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And make them live, though they are buried.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou’st gone, and to thy memory let be said,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">There lies that Oliver which of old betray’d</div>
+<div class="dpp00">His King and Master, and after did assume,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">With swelling Pride, to govern in his room.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Here I’le rest satisfied, Scriptures expound to me,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Tophet was made for such Supremacy.</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="dxxpn" id="p088">{88}</div>
+
+<p>The death of this great Rebel (I hope) will prove
+an <i>Omen</i> to presage destruction on the rest. The
+Worlds in a heap of troubles and confusion, and
+while they are in the midst of their changes and
+amazes, the best way to give them the bag, is to go
+out of the World and leave them. I am now bound
+for <i>Mary-Land</i>, and I am told that’s a New World,
+but if it prove no better than this, I shall not get
+much by my change; but before I’le revoke my
+Resolution, I am resolv’d to put it to adventure, for I
+think it can hardly be worse then this is: Thus committing
+you into the hands of that God that made
+you, I rest</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Obedient Son</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From aboard a Ship at <i>Gravesend</i>,
+<i>Sept.</i> 7th, <i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Brother.</h3>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
+Leave you very near in the same condition as I
+am in my self, only here lies the difference, you
+were bound at Joyners Hall in <i>London</i> Apprentice-wise,
+and I conditionally at Navigators Hall, that
+now rides at an Anchor at <i>Gravesend</i>; I hope you
+will allow me to live in the largest Mayordom, by
+reason I am the eldest: None but the main Continent
+of <i>America</i> will serve me for a
+Corporation to inhabit <span class="xxpn" id="p089">{89}</span>
+in now, though I am affraid for all that, that the
+reins of my Liberty will be something shorter then
+yours will be in <i>London</i>: But as to that, what Destiny
+has ordered I am resolved with an adventerous
+Resolution to subscribe to, and with a contented
+imbracement enjoy it. I would fain have seen you
+once more in this Old World, before I go into the
+New, I know you have a chain about your Leg, as
+well as I have a clog about my Neck: If you can’t
+come, send a line or two, if not, wish me well at least:
+I have one thing to charge home upon you, and I
+hope you will take my counsel, That you have
+alwayes an obedient Respect and Reverence to your
+aged Parents, that while they live they may have
+comfort of you, and when that God shall sound a
+retreat to their lives, that there they may with their
+gray hairs in joy go down to their Graves.</p>
+
+<p>Thus concluding, wishing you a comfortable Servitude,
+a prosperous Life, and the assurance of a happy
+departure in the immutable love of him that made
+you,</p>
+
+<div class="psignature00">Vale.</div>
+<div class="psignature0">Your Brother,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Gravesend</i>, Sept. 7. <i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="dxxpn" id="p090">{90}</div>
+
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my much Honored Friend
+<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em> at his
+House.</h3>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
+Am got ashoar with much ado, and it is very well
+it is as it is, for if I had stayed a little longer, I
+had certainly been a Creature of the Water, for I had
+hardly flesh enough to carry me to Land, not that I
+wanted for any thing that the Ship could afford me in
+reason: But oh the great bowls of Pease-porridge that
+appeared in sight every day about the hour of twelve,
+ingulfed the senses of my Appetite so, with the
+restringent quality of the Salt Beef, upon the internal
+Inhabitants of my belly, that a <i>Galenist</i> for some days
+after my arrival, with his Bag-pipes of Physical operations,
+could hardly make my Puddings dance in any
+methodical order.</p>
+
+<p>But to set by these things that happened unto me
+at Sea, I am now upon Land, and there I’le keep my
+self if I can, and for four years I am pretty sure of
+my restraint; and had I known my yoak would have
+been so easie, (as I conceive it will) I would have
+been here long before now, rather then to have dwelt
+under the pressure of a Rebellious and Trayterous
+Government so long as I did. I dwell now by providence
+in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, (under the quiet
+Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>) which Country
+a bounds in a most glorious prosperity and plenty of
+all things. And though the Infancy of her situation
+might plead an excuse to those several imperfections,
+(if she were guilty of any of
+them) which by <span class="xxpn" id="p091">{91}</span>
+scandalous and imaginary conjectures are falsly laid to her
+charge, and which she values with so little notice or
+perceivance of discontent, that she hardly alters her
+visage with a frown, to let them know she is angry
+with such a Rascality of people, that loves nothing
+better then their own sottish and abusive acclamations
+of baseness: To be short, the Country (so far
+forth as I have seen into it) is incomparable.</p>
+
+<p>Here is a sort of naked Inhabitants, or wilde
+people, that have for many ages I believe lived here
+in the Woods of <i>Mary-Land</i>, as well as in other parts
+of the Continent, before e’er it was by the Christian
+Discoverers found out; being a people strange to
+behold, as well in their looks, which by confused
+paintings makes them seem dreadful, as in their
+sterne and heroick gate and deportments, the Men
+are mighty tall and big limbed, the Women not altogether
+so large; they are most of them very well
+featured, did not their wilde and ridiculous dresses
+alter their original excellencies: The men are great
+Warriours and Hunters, the Women ingenious and
+laborious Housewives.</p>
+
+<p>As to matter of their Worship, they own no other
+Deity then the Devil, and him more out of a slavish
+fear, then any real devotion, or willing acknowledgement
+to his Hellish power. They live in little small
+Bark-Cottages, in the remote parts of the Woods,
+killing and slaying the several Animals that they
+meet withall to make provision
+of, dressing their <span class="xxpn" id="p092">{92}</span>
+several Hydes and Skins to Trafique withall, when a
+conveniency of Trade presents. I would go on further,
+but like Doctor <i>Case</i>, when he had not a word
+more to speak for himself, <i>I am afraid my beloved I
+have kept you too long</i>. Now he that made you save
+<span class="spwrdspc2">you. <i>Amen.</i></span></p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Yours to command</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Febr.</i>
+6. <i>Anno</i></p>
+
+<p class="padtopb">And not to forget <i>Tom Forge</i> I beseech you, tell
+him that my Love’s the same towards him still, and
+as firm as it was about the overgrown Tryal, when
+Judgements upon judgements, had not I stept in,
+would have pursued him untill the day of Judgement,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Father at his House.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">A</span></span>Fter
+my Obedience (at so great and vast a distance)
+has humbly saluted you and my good
+Mother, with the cordialest of my prayers, wishes,
+and desires to wait upon you, with the very best of
+their effectual devotion, wishing from the very Center
+of my Soul your flourishing and well-being here upon
+Earth, and your glorious and everlasting happiness in
+the World to Come. <span class="xxpn" id="p093">{93}</span></p>
+
+<p>These lines (my dear Parents) come from that Son
+which by an irregular Fate was removed from his
+Native home, and after a five months dangerous passage,
+was landed on the remote Continent of <i>America</i>,
+in the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, where now by providence
+I reside. To give you the particulars of the
+several accidents that happened in our voyage by
+Sea, it would swell a Journal of some sheets, and
+therefore too large and tedious for a Letter: I think
+it therefore necessary to bind up the relation in
+Octavo, and give it you in short.</p>
+
+<p>We had a blowing and dangerous passage of it, and
+for some dayes after I arrived, I was an absolute
+<i>Copernicus</i>, it being one main point of my moral
+Creed, to believe the World had a pair of long legs,
+and walked with the burthen of the Creation upon
+her back. For to tell you the very truth of it, for
+some dayes upon Land, after so long and tossing a
+passage, I was so giddy that I could hardly tread an
+even step; so that all things both above and below
+(that was in view) appeared to me like the <i>Kentish
+Britains</i> to <i>William the Conqueror</i>, in a moving
+posture.</p>
+
+<p>Those few number of weeks since my arrival, has
+given me but little experience to write any thing
+large of the Country; only thus much I can say, and
+that not from any imaginary conjectures, but from an
+occular observation, That this Country of <i>Mary-Land</i>
+abounds in a flourishing variety
+of delightful Woods, <span class="xxpn" id="p094">{94}</span>
+pleasant groves, lovely Springs, together with spacious
+Navigable Rivers and Creeks, it being a most helthful
+and pleasant situation, so far as my knowledge has
+yet had any view in it.</p>
+
+<p>Herds of Deer are as numerous in this Province of
+<i>Mary-Land</i>, as Cuckolds can be in <i>London</i>, only their
+horns are not so well drest and tipt with silver as
+theirs are.</p>
+
+<p>Here if the Devil had such a Vagary in his head as
+he had once among the <i>Gadareans</i>, he might drown
+a thousand head of Hogs and they’d ne’re be miss’d,
+for the very Woods of this Province swarms with
+them.</p>
+
+<p>The Christian Inhabitant of this Province, as to the
+general, lives wonderful well and contented: The
+Government of this Province is by the loyalness of
+the people, and loving demeanor of the Proprietor
+and Governor of the same, kept in a continued peace
+and unity.</p>
+
+<p>The Servant of this Province, which are stigmatiz’d
+for Slaves by the clappermouth jaws of the vulgar in
+<i>England</i>, live more like Freemen then the most
+Mechanick Apprentices in <i>London</i>, wanting for
+nothing that is convenient and necessary, and according
+to their several capacities, are extraordinary well
+used and respected. So leaving things here as I
+found them, and lest I should commit Sacriledge
+upon your more serious meditations, with the Tautologies
+of a long-winded Letter, I’le
+subscribe with a <span class="xxpn" id="p095">{95}</span>
+heavenly Ejaculation to the God of Mercy to preserve
+you now and for evermore, <i>Amen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Obedient Son</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Jan.</i> 17.
+<i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my much Honored Friend
+ <em class="emupright">Mr. M. F.</em></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span>Ou
+writ to me when I was at <i>Gravesend</i>, (but I
+had no conveniency to send you an answer till
+now) enjoyning me, if possible, to give you a just
+Information by my diligent observance, what thing
+were best and most profitable to send into this
+Country for a commodious Trafique.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir</i>, The enclosed will demonstrate unto you both
+particularly and at large, to the full satisfaction of
+your desire, it being an Invoyce drawn as exact to
+the business you imployed me upon, as my weak
+capacity could extend to.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir</i>, If you send any Adventure to this Province,
+let me beg to give you this advice in it; That the
+Factor whom you imploy be a man of a Brain, otherwise
+the Planter will go near to make a Skimming-dish
+of his Skull: I know your Genius can interpret
+my meaning. The people of this place (whether the
+saltness of the Ocean gave them any alteration when
+they went over first, or their
+continual dwelling under <span class="xxpn" id="p096">{96}</span>
+the remote Clyme where they now inhabit, I know
+not) are a more acute people in general, in matters of
+Trade and Commerce, then in any other place of the
+World (see
+note No. <a href="#note60" title="go to n&#x6f;te 60">60</a>)
+and by their crafty and sure
+bargaining, do often over-reach the raw and unexperienced
+Merchant. To be short, he that undertakes
+Merchants imployment for <i>Mary-Land</i>, must have
+more of Knave in him then Fool; he must not be a
+windling piece of Formality, that will lose his Imployers
+Goods for Conscience sake; nor a flashy piece
+of Prodigality, that will give his Merchants fine
+Hollands, Laces, and Silks, to purchase the benevolence
+of a Female: But he must be a man of solid
+confidence, carrying alwayes in his looks the Effigies
+of an Execution upon Command, if he supposes a
+baffle or denyal of payment, where a debt for his
+Imployer is legally due. (See note No.
+<a href="#note61" title="go to n&#x6f;te 61">61</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir</i>, I had like almost to forgot to tell you in what
+part of the World I am: I dwell by providence Servant
+to Mr. <i>Thomas Stocket</i> (see
+note No. <a href="#note62" title="go to n&#x6f;te 62">62</a>)
+in the County of <i>Baltemore</i>, within the Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>, under
+the Government of the Lord <i>Baltemore</i>, being a Country abounding with
+the variety and diversity of all that is or may be rare. But lest I
+should Tantalize you with a relation of that which is very unlikely
+of your enjoying, by reason of that strong Antipathy you have ever
+had ’gainst Travel, as to your own particular: I’le only tell you,
+that <i>Mary-Land</i> is seated within the large extending armes <span
+class="xxpn" id="p097">{97}</span> of <i>America</i>, between the Degrees
+of 36 and 38, being in Longitude from <i>England</i> eleven hundred and odd
+Leagues.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0">Vale.</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From
+<i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Jan.</i> 17. <i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Friend <em class="emupright">Mr.
+ T. B.</em> at his House.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">Y</span></span>Ours
+I received, wherein I find my self much
+obliged to you for your good opinion of me, I
+return you millions of thanks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir</i>, you wish me well, and I pray God as well that
+those wishes may light upon me, and then I question
+not but all will do well. Those Pictures you sent
+sewed up in a Pastboard, with a Letter tacked on the
+outside, you make no mention at all what should be
+done with them: If they are Saints, unless I knew
+their names, I could make no use of them. Pray in
+your next let me know what they are, for my fingers
+itch to be doing with them one way or another. Our
+Government here hath had a small fit of a Rebellious
+Quotidian, (see
+note No. <a href="#note63" title="go to n&#x6f;te 63">63</a>),
+but five Grains of the
+powder of Subvertment has qualified it. Pray be
+larger in your next how things stand in <i>England</i>: I
+understand His Majesty is return’d with Honour, and
+seated in the hereditary Throne of
+his Father; God <span class="xxpn" id="p098">{98}</span>
+bless him from Traytors, and the Church from Sacrilegious
+Schisms, and you as a loyal Subject to the
+one, and a true Member to the other; while you so
+continue, the God of order, peace and tranquility,
+bless and preserve you, <i>Amen</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature00"><i>Vale.</i></div>
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your real Friend</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Febr. 20. <i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored
+ Father at his House.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">VV</span></span>Ith
+a twofold unmeasurable joy I received
+your Letter: First, in the consideration of
+Gods great Mercy to you in particular, (though weak
+and aged) yet to give you dayes among the living.
+Next, that his now most Excellent Majesty <i>Charles</i>
+the Second, is by the omnipotent Providence of God,
+seated in the Throne of his Father. I hope that God
+has placed him there, will give him a heart to praise
+and magnifie his name for ever, and a hand of just
+Revenge, to punish the murthering and rebellious
+Outrages of those Sons of shame and Apostacy, that
+Usurped the Throne of his Sacred Honour. Near
+about the time I received your Letter, (or a little
+before) here sprang up in this Province of <i>Mary-Land</i>
+a kind of pigmie Rebellion:
+A company of <span class="xxpn" id="p099">{99}</span>
+weak-witted men, which thought to have traced the steps
+of <i>Oliver</i> in Rebellion (see
+note No. <a href="#note63" title="go to n&#x6f;te 63">63</a>). They
+began to be mighty stiff and hidebound in their proceedings,
+clothing themselves with the flashy pretences
+of future and imaginary honour, and (had they
+not been suddenly quell’d) they might have done so
+much mischief (for aught I know) that nothing but
+utter ruine could have ransomed their headlong follies.</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty appearing in <i>England</i>, he quickly (by
+the splendor of his Rayes) thawed the stiffness of
+their frozen and slippery intentions. All things
+(blessed be God for it) are at peace and unity here
+now: And as <i>Luther</i> being asked once, What he
+thought of some small Opinions that started up in his
+time? answered, <i>That he thought them to be good honest
+people, exempting their error</i>: So I judge of these men,
+That their thoughts were not so bad at first, as their
+actions would have led them into in process of time.</p>
+
+<p>I have here enclosed sent you something written in
+haste upon the Kings coming to the enjoyment of his
+Throne, with a reflection upon the former sad and
+bad times; I have done them as well as I could, considering
+all things: If they are not so well as they
+should be, all I can do is to wish them better for your
+sakes. My Obedience to you and my Mother alwayes
+devoted.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Son</i></div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Febr. 9. <i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="dxxpn" id="p100">{100}</div>
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Cosen
+ <em class="emupright">Mris. Ellinor Evins.</em></h3>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft dkeeptgth">
+<div class="dpp00">E’&#x202f;<i>re I forget the Zenith of your Love,</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">L&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>et me be banisht from the Thrones above;</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">L&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ight let me never see, when I grow rude,</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">I&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ntomb your Love in base Ingratitude:</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">N&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>or may I prosper, but the state</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">O&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>f gaping</i> Tantalus <i>be my fate;</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">R&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ather then I should thus preposterous grow,</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">E&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>arth would condemn me to her vaults below.</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">V&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>ertuous and Noble, could my Genius raise</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">I&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>mmortal Anthems to your Vestal praise,</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">N&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>one should be more laborious than I,</i></div>
+<div class="dpp00">S&#x2008;&#x202f;<i>aint-like to Canonize you to the Sky.</i></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The Antimonial Cup (dear Cosen) you sent me, I
+had; and as soon as I received it, I went to work
+with the Infirmities and Diseases of my body. At
+the first draught, it made such havock among the
+several humors that had stolen into my body, that
+like a Conjurer in a room among a company of little
+Devils, they no sooner hear him begin to speak high
+words, but away they pack, and happy is he that can
+get out first, some up the Chimney, and the rest down
+stairs, till they are all disperst. So those malignant
+humors of my body, feeling the operative power, and
+medicinal virtue of this Cup, were so amazed at their
+sudden surprizal, (being alwayes before battered only
+by the weak assaults of some few Empyricks) they
+stood not long to dispute, but
+with joynt consent <span class="xxpn" id="p101">{101}</span>
+made their retreat, some running through the sink of
+the Skullery, the rest climbing up my ribs, took my
+mouth for a Garret-window, and so leapt out.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cosen</i>, For this great kindness of yours, in sending
+me this medicinal vertue, I return you my thanks:
+It came in a very good time, when I was dangerously
+sick, and by the assistance of God it hath perfectly
+recovered me.</p>
+
+<p>I have sent you here a few Furrs, they were all I
+could get at present, I humbly beg your acceptance
+of them, as a pledge of my love and thankfulness unto
+you; I subscribe,</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0">Your loving Cosen,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary Land</i>, <i>Dec.</i> 9.
+ <i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To My Brother <em class="emupright">P. A.</em></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">B<b>ROTHER,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">I</span></span>
+Have made a shift to unloose my self from my
+Collar now as well as you, but I see at present
+either small pleasure or profit in it: What the futurality
+of my dayes will bring forth, I know not; For
+while I was linckt with the Chain of a restraining
+Servitude, I had all things cared for, and now I have
+all things to care for my self, which makes me almost
+to wish my self in for the other four years.</p>
+
+<p>Liberty without money, is like a man opprest with
+the Gout, every step he puts forward
+puts him to <span class="xxpn" id="p102">{102}</span>
+pain; when on the other side, he that has Coyn with
+his Liberty, is like the swift Post-Messenger of the
+Gods, that wears wings at his heels, his motion being
+swift or slow, as he pleaseth.</p>
+
+<p>I received this year two Caps, the one white, of an
+honest plain countenance, the other purple, which I
+conceive to be some antient Monumental Relique;
+which of them you sent I know not, and it was a
+wonder how I should, for there was no mention in
+the Letter, more then, <i>that my Brother had sent me a
+Cap</i>: They were delivered me in the company of
+some Gentlemen that ingaged me to write a few lines
+upon the purple one, and because they were my
+Friends I could not deny them; and here I present
+them to you as they were written.</p>
+
+<div class="dpoemlft"><div class="dstanzalft spitalic">
+<div class="dpp00">Haile from the dead, or from Eternity,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou Velvit Relique of Antiquity;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou which appear’st here in thy purple hew,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Tell’s how the dead within their Tombs do doe;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">How those Ghosts fare within each Marble Cell,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Where amongst them for Ages thou didst dwell.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">What Brain didst cover there? tell us that we</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Upon our knees vayle Hats to honour thee:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">And if no honour’s due, tell us whose pate</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou basely coveredst, and we’l joyntly hate:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Let’s know his name, that we may shew neglect;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">If otherwise, we’l kiss thee with respect.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Say, didst thou cover Noll’s old brazen head,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Which on the top of Westminster high Lead <span class="xxpn" id="p103">{103}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Stands on a Pole, erected to the sky,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">As a grand Trophy to his memory.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">From his perfidious skull didst thou fall down,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">In a dis-dain to honour such a crown</div>
+<div class="dpp00">With three-pile Velvet? tell me, hadst thou thy fall</div>
+<div class="dpp00">From the high top of that Cathedral?</div>
+<div class="dpp00">None of the <em class="emupright">Heroes</em> of the
+ <em class="emupright">Roman</em> stem,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Wore ever such a fashion’d Diadem,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Didst thou speak <em class="emupright">Turkish</em>
+ in thy unknown dress,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou’dst cover <em class="emupright">Great Mogull,</em>
+ and no man less;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">But in thy make methinks thou’rt too too scant,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To be so great a Monarch’s Turberant.</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The <em class="emupright">Jews</em> by
+ <em class="emupright">Moses</em> swear, they never knew</div>
+<div class="dpp00">E’re such a Cap drest up in
+ <em class="emupright">Hebrew:</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Nor the strict Order of the <em class="emupright">Romish</em> See,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Wears any Cap that looks so base as thee;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">His Holiness hates thy Lowness, and instead,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Wears Peters spired Steeple on his head:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">The Cardinals descent is much more flat,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">For want of name, baptized is
+ <em class="emupright">A Hat;</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Through each strict Order has my fancy ran,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Both <em class="emupright">Ambrose, Austin,</em>
+ and the <em class="emupright">Franciscan,</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Where I beheld rich Images of the dead,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Yet scarce had one a Cap upon his head:</div>
+<div class="dpp00"><em class="emupright">Episcopacy</em> wears Caps, but not like thee,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Though several shap’d, with much diversity:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">’Twere best I think I presently should gang</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To <em class="emupright">Edenburghs</em>
+ strict <em class="emupright">Presbyterian;</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">But Caps they’ve none, their ears being made so large,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Serves them to turn it like a
+ <em class="emupright">Garnesey</em> Barge;</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Those keep their skulls warm against North-west gusts,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">When they in Pulpit do poor
+ <em class="emupright">Calvin</em> curse.
+ <span class="xxpn" id="p104">{104}</span></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou art not <em class="emupright">Fortunatus,</em> for I daily see,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">That which I wish is farthest off from me:</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thy low-built state none ever did advance,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">To christen thee the <em class="emupright">Cap of Maintenance;</em></div>
+<div class="dpp00">Then till I know from whence thou didst derive,</div>
+<div class="dpp00">Thou shalt be call’d, the
+ <em class="emupright">Cap of Fugitive.</em></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>You writ to me this year to send you some Smoak;
+at that instant it made me wonder that a man of a
+rational Soul, having both his eyes (blessed be God)
+should make so unreasonable a demand, when he that
+has but one eye, nay he which has never a one, and
+is fain to make use of an Animal conductive for his
+optick guidance, cannot endure the prejudice that
+Smoak brings with it: But since you are resolv’d
+upon it, I’le dispute it no farther.</p>
+
+<p>I have sent you that which will make Smoak,
+(namely Tobacco) though the Funk it self is so
+slippery that I could not send it, yet I have sent you
+the Substance from whence the Smoak derives: What
+use you imploy it to I know not, nor will I be too
+importunate to know; yet let me tell you this, That
+if you burn it in a room to affright the Devil from
+the house, you need not fear but it will work the
+same effect, as <i>Tobyes</i> galls did upon the leacherous
+<span class="spwrdspc2">Fiend. No</span> more at
+<span class="spwrdspc2">present. <i>Vale.</i></span></p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your Brother</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>Dec.</i> 11.
+<i>Anno</i></p></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<div class="dxxpn" id="p105">{105}</div>
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Honored Friend
+<em class="emupright">Mr. T. B.</em></h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S<b>IR,</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">T</span></span>His
+is the entrance upon my fifth year, and I
+fear ’twill prove the worst: I have been very
+much troubled with a throng of unruly Distempers,
+that have (contrary to my expectation) crouded into
+the Main-guard of my body, when the drowsie Sentinels
+of my brain were a sleep. Where they got in I
+know not, but to my grief and terror I find them
+predominant: Yet as Doctor <i>Dunne</i>, sometimes Dean
+of St. <i>Pauls, said, That the bodies diseases do but mellow
+a man for Heaven, and so ferments him in this World,
+as he shall need no long concoction in the Grave, but
+hasten to the Resurrection</i>. And if this were weighed
+seriously in the Ballance of Religious Reason, the
+World we dwell in would not seem so inticing and
+bewitching as it doth.</p>
+
+<p>We are only sent by God of an Errand into this
+World, and the time that’s allotted us for to stay, is
+only for an Answer. When God my great Master
+shall in good earnest call me home, which these
+warnings tell me I have not long to stay, I hope then
+I shall be able to give him a good account of my
+Message.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir</i>, My weakness gives a stop to my writing, my
+hand being so shakingly feeble, that I can hardly
+hold my pen any further then to tell you,
+I am yours <span class="xxpn" id="p106">{106}</span>
+while I live, which I believe will be but some few
+minutes.</p>
+
+<p>If this Letter come to you before I’me dead, pray
+for me, but if I am gone, pray howsoever, for they
+can do me no harm if they come after me.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature00"><i>Vale.</i></div>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your real Friend</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from">From <i>Mary-Land</i>, Dec. 13. <i>Anno</i></p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section">
+<h3 class="h3lettera">To my Parents.</h3>
+
+<p class="pfirst"><span class="ddropcapbox">
+<span class="fsz0 splineha">F</span></span>Rom
+the Grave or Receptacle of Death am I
+raised, and by an omnipotent power made capable
+of offering once more my Obedience (that lies
+close cabbined in the inwardmost apartment of my
+Soul) at the feet of your immutable Loves.</p>
+
+<p>My good Parents, God hath done marvellous things
+for me, far beyond my deserts, which at best were
+preposterously sinful, and unsuitable to the sacred
+will of an Almighty: <i>But he is merciful, and his mercy
+endures for ever.</i> When sinful man has by his Evils
+and Iniquities pull’d some penetrating Judgment upon
+his head, and finding himself immediately not able to
+stand under so great a burthen as Gods smallest
+stroke of Justice, lowers the Top-gallant sayle of his
+Pride, and with an humble submissiveness prostrates
+himself before the Throne of his
+sacred Mercy, and <span class="xxpn" id="p107">{107}</span>
+like those three Lepars that sate at the Gate of
+<i>Samaria</i>, resolved, <i>If we go into the City we shall perish,
+and if we stay here we shall perish also: Therefore we
+will throw our selves into the hands of the</i> Assyrians <i>and
+if we perish, we perish</i>: This was just my condition as
+to eternal state; my soul was at a stand in this black
+storm of affliction: I view’d the World, and all that’s
+pleasure in her, and found her altogether flashy, aiery,
+and full of notional pretensions, and not one firm
+place where a distressed Soul could hang his trust on.
+Next I viewed my self, and there I found, instead of
+good Works, lively Faith, and Charity, a most horrid
+neast of condemned Evils, bearing a supreme Prerogative
+over my internal faculties. You’l say here
+was little hope of rest in this extreme Eclipse, being
+in a desperate amaze to see my estate so deplorable:
+My better Angel urged me to deliver up my aggrievances
+to the Bench of Gods Mercy, the sure support
+of all distressed Souls: His Heavenly warning, and
+inward whispers of the good Spirit I was resolv’d to
+entertain, and not quench, and throw my self into the
+armes of a loving God, <i>If I perish, I perish</i>. ’Tis
+beyond wonder to think of the love of God extended
+to sinful man, that in the deepest distresses or agonies
+of Affliction, when all other things prove rather
+hinderances then advantages, even at that time God
+is ready and steps forth to the supportment of his
+drooping Spirit. Truly, about a fortnight before I
+wrote this Letter, two of
+our ablest Physicians <span class="xxpn" id="p108">{108}</span>
+rendered me up into the hands of God, the universal
+Doctor of the whole World, and subscribed with a
+silent acknowledgement, That all their Arts, screw’d
+up to the very Zenith of Scholastique perfection, were
+not capable of keeping me from the Grave at that
+time: But God, the great preserver of Soul and Body,
+said contrary to the expectation of humane reason,
+<i>Arise, take up thy bed and walk</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I am now (through the help of my Maker) creeping
+up to my former strength and vigour, and every day
+I live, I hope I shall, through the assistance of divine
+Grace, climbe nearer and nearer to my eternal home.</p>
+
+<p>I have received this year three Letters from you,
+one by Capt. <i>Conway</i> Commander of the <i>Wheat-Sheaf</i>,
+the others by a <i>Bristol</i> Ship. Having no more at
+present to trouble you with, but expecting your
+promise, I remain as ever,</p>
+
+<div class="psignature0"><i>Your dutiful Son</i>,</div>
+<div class="psignature">G. A.</div>
+
+<p class="p086from"><i>Mary-Land</i>, <i>April</i> 9. <i>Anno</i></p>
+
+<p class="padtopb">I desire my hearty love may be remembered to my
+Brother, and the rest of my Kinred.</p>
+
+<div class="padtopb fsz5">FINIS.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p109">
+<h2 class="h2herein">NOTES.</h2>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note01"><i>Note</i> 1, <i>page</i> <a href="#p015">15</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>After having resolved to reprint Alsop’s early account of Maryland, as an
+addition to my <i>Bibliotheca Americana</i>, I immediately fell in with a difficulty
+which I had not counted on. After much inquiry and investigation, I could
+find no copy to print from among all my earnest book collecting acquaintances.
+At length some one informed me that Mr. Bancroft the historian
+had a copy in his library. I immediately took the liberty of calling on him
+and making known my wants, he generously offered to let me have the
+use of it for the purpose stated, I carried the book home, had it carefully
+copied, but unfortunately during the process I discovered the text was
+imperfect as well as deficient in both portrait and map. Like Sisyphus I
+had to begin anew, and do nearly all my labor over; I sent to London to
+learn if the functionaries in the British Museum would permit a tracing of
+the portrait and map to be made from their copy, the answer returned was,
+that they would or could not permit this, but I might perfect my text if I
+so choosed by copying from theirs. Here I was once more at sea without
+compass, rudder, or chart: I made known my condition to an eminent and
+judicious collector of old American literature in the city of New York, he
+very frankly informed me that he could aid me in my difficulty by letting
+me have the use of a copy, which would relieve me from my present
+dilemma. I was greatly rejoiced at this discovery as well as by the generosity
+of the owner. The following day the book was put into my possession,
+and so by the aid of it was enabled to complete the text. Here another
+difficulty burst into view, this copy had no portrait. That being the only
+defect in perfecting a copy of Alsop’s book, I now resolved to proceed and
+publish it without a portrait, but perhaps fortunately, making known this
+resolve to some of the knowing ones in book gathering, they remonstrated
+against this course, adding that it would ruin the book in the estimation of
+all who would buy such a rarity. I was inclined to listen favorably to this
+protest, and therefore had to commence a new effort to obtain a portrait.
+I then laid about me again to try and procure a copy that had one: I knew
+that not more than three or four collectors in the country who were likely
+to have such an heir-loom. To one living at a considerable distance from
+New York I took the liberty of addressing a letter on the subject, wherein I
+made known my difficulties. To my great gratification this courteous and
+confiding gentleman not only immediately made answer, but sent a perfect
+copy of this rare and much wanted book for my use. I
+immediately had the <span class="xxpn" id="p110">{110}</span>
+portrait and map reproduced by the photo-lithographic process. During
+the time the book was in my possession, which was about ten days, so
+fearful was I that any harm should befall it that I took the precaution to
+wrap up the precious little volume in tissue paper and carry it about with
+me all the time in my side pocket, well knowing that if it was either injured
+or lost I could not replace it. I understand that a perfect copy of the
+original in the London market would bring fifty pounds sterling. I had
+the satisfaction to learn it reached the generous owner in safety.</p>
+
+<p>Had I known the difficulties I had to encounter of procuring a copy of
+the original of Alsop’s singular performance, I most certainly would never
+have undertaken to reproduce it in America. Mr. Jared Sparks told me
+that he had a like difficulty to encounter when he undertook to write the
+life of Ledyard the traveler. Said he: “a copy of his journal I could find
+nowhere to purchase, at length I was compelled to borrow a copy on very
+humiliating conditions; the owner perhaps valued it too highly.” I may
+add that I had nearly as much difficulty in securing an editor, as I had in procuring
+a perfect copy. However on this point I at last was very fortunate.</p>
+
+<div class="psignature"><span class="smcap">W<b>ILLIAM</b></span>
+<span class="smcap">G<b>OWANS.</b></span></div>
+
+<p>115 Nassau street, March 23d, 1869.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note02"><i>Note</i> 2, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p019">19</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, eldest son of George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore,
+and Anne Wynne of Hertingfordbury, England, was born in 1606. He
+succeeded to the title April 15, 1632, and married Anne, daughter of Lord
+Arundel, whose name was given to a county in Maryland. His rule over
+Maryland, disturbed in Cromwell’s time, but restored under Charles II, has
+always been extolled. He died Nov. 30, 1675, covered with age and
+reputation.—<i>O’Callaghan’s
+N. Y. Col. Doc.</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>. p. 74.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note03"><i>Note</i> 3, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p019" title="go to &#x70;. 19">19</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Avalon, the territory in Newfoundland, of which the first Lord Baltimore
+obtained a grant in 1623, derived its name from the spot in England where,
+as tradition said, Christianity was first preached by Joseph of Arimathea.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note04"><i>Note</i> 4, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p021" title="go to &#x70;. 21">21</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Owen Feltham, as our author in his errata correctly gives the name, was
+an author who enjoyed a great reputation in his day. His <i>Resolves</i> appeared
+first about 1620, and in 1696 had reached the eleventh edition. They were
+once reprinted in the 18th century, and in full or in part four
+times in the <span class="xxpn" id="p111">{111}</span>
+19th, and an edition appeared in America about 1830. Hallam in spite of
+this popularity calls him “labored, artificial and shallow.”</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note05"><i>Note</i> 5, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p024" title="go to &#x70;. 24">24</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Burning on the hand was not so much a punishment as a mark on those
+who, convicted of felony, pleaded the benefit of clergy, which they were
+allowed to do once only.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note06"><i>Note</i> 6, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p025" title="go to &#x70;. 25">25</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Literally: “Good wine needs no sign.”</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note07"><i>Note</i> 7, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p026" title="go to &#x70;. 26">26</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Billingsgate is the great fish market of London, and the scurrilous
+tongues of the fish women have made the word synonymous with vulgar
+abuse.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note08"><i>Note</i> 8, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p028" title="go to &#x70;. 28">28</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Alsop though cautiously avoiding Maryland politics, omits no fling at the
+Puritans. Pride was a parliament colonel famous for <i>Pride’s Purge</i>.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note09"><i id="note10">Notes</i> 9, 10, <i>pages</i> 31, 33.</h3>
+
+<p>William Bogherst, and H. W., Master of Arts, have eluded all our efforts
+to immortalize them.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note11"><i>Note</i> 11, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p035" title="go to &#x70;. 35">35</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Chesapeake is said to be K’tchisipik, Great Water, in Algonquin.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note12"><i>Note</i> 12, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p038" title="go to &#x70;. 38">38</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Less bombast and some details as to the botany of Maryland would have
+been preferable.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note13"><i>Note</i> 13, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The American deer (<i>Cariacus Virginianus</i>) is
+here evidently meant. <span class="xxpn" id="p112">{112}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note14"><i>Note</i> 14, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Whetston’s (Whetstone) park: “A dilapidated street in Lincoln’s Inn
+Fields, at the back of Holborn. It contains scarcely anything but old, half-tumble
+down houses; not a living plant of any kind adorns its nakedness,
+so it is presumable that as a park it never had an existence, or one so remote
+that even tradition has lost sight of the fact.”</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note15"><i>Note</i> 15, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p039" title="go to &#x70;. 39">39</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The animals here mentioned are the black wolf (<i>canis occidentalis</i>), the
+black bear, the panther (<i>felis concolor</i>).</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note16"><i>Note</i> 16, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p040" title="go to &#x70;. 40">40</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>These animals are well known, the elk (<i>alces Americanus</i>), cat o’ the
+mountain or catamount (<i>felis concolor</i>), raccoon (<i>procyon lotor</i>),
+fox (<i>vulpes fulvus</i>), beaver (<i>castor fiber</i>), otter (<i>lutra</i>),
+opossum (<i>didelphys Virginiana</i>), hare, squirrel, musk-rat (<i>fiber
+zibethicus</i>). The monack is apparently the Maryland marmot or woodchuck
+(<i>arctomys monax</i>).</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note17"><i>Note</i> 17, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p040" title="go to &#x70;. 40">40</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The domestic animals came chiefly from Virginia. As early as May 27,
+1634, they got 100 swine from Accomac, with 30 cows, and they expected
+goats and hens (<i>Relation of Maryland</i>, 1634). Horses and sheep had to be
+imported from England, Virginia being unable to give any. Yet in 1679
+Dankers and Sluyters, the Labadists, say: “Sheep they have none.”—<i>Collections
+Long Island Hist. Soc.</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 218.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note18"><i>Note</i> 18, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p041" title="go to &#x70;. 41">41</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Alluding to the herds of swine kept by the Gadarenes, into one of which
+the Saviour allowed the devil named Legion to enter.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note19"><i>Note</i> 19, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p042" title="go to &#x70;. 42">42</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The abundance of these birds is mentioned in the <i>Relations of Maryland</i>,
+1634, p. 22, and 1635, p. 23. The Labadists with whose
+travels the Hon. <span class="xxpn" id="p113">{113}</span>
+H. C. Murphy has enriched our literature, found the geese in 1679–80 so
+plentiful and noisy as to prevent their sleeping, and the ducks filling the
+sky like a cloud.—<i>Long Island Hist. Coll.</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, pp. 195, 204.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note20"><i>Note</i> 20, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p043" title="go to &#x70;. 43">43</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Alsop makes no allusion to the cultivation of maize, yet the Labadists
+less than twenty years after describe it at length as the principal grain
+crop of Maryland.—<i>Ib.</i>, p. 216.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note21"><i>Note</i> 21, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p045" title="go to &#x70;. 45">45</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Considering the facts of history, this picture is sadly overdrawn, Maryland
+having had its full share of civil war.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note22"><i>Note</i> 22, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p046" title="go to &#x70;. 46">46</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The fifth monarchy men were a set of religionists who arose during the
+Puritan rule in England. They believed in a fifth universal monarchy of
+which Christ was to be the head, under whom they, his saints, were to
+possess the earth. In 1660 they caused an outbreak in London, in which
+many were killed and others tried and executed. Their leader was one
+Venner. The Adamites, a gnostic sect, who pretended that regenerated
+man should go naked like Adam and Eve in their state of innocence, were
+revived during the Puritan rule in England; and in our time in December,
+1867, we have seen the same theory held and practiced in Newark, N. J.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note23"><i>Note</i> 23, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p046" title="go to &#x70;. 46">46</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>In the provisional act, passed in the first assembly, March 19, 1638, and
+entitled “An Act ordaining certain laws for the government of this province,”
+the twelfth section required that “every person planting tobacco
+shall plant and tend two acres of corn.” A special act was introduced the
+same session and read twice, but not passed. A new law was passed, however,
+Oct. 23, 1640, renewed Aug. 1, 1642, April 21, 1649, Oct. 20, 1654,
+April 12, 1662, and made perpetual in 1676. These acts imposed a fine of
+fifty pounds of tobacco for every half acre the offender fell short, besides
+fifty pounds of the same current leaf as constables’ fees. It was to this
+persistent enforcement of the cultivation of cereals that Maryland so soon
+became the granary of New England. <span class="xxpn" id="p114">{114}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note24"><i>Note</i> 24, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The Assembly, or House of Burgesses, at first consisted of all freemen, but
+they gradually gave place to delegates. The influence of the proprietary,
+however, decided the selection. In 1650 fourteen burgesses met as delegates
+or representatives of the several hundreds, there being but two
+counties organized, St. Marys and the Isle of Kent. Ann Arundel, called
+at times Providence county, was erected April 29, 1650. Patuxent was
+erected under Cromwell in 1654.—<i>Bacon’s Laws of Maryland</i>, 1765.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note25"><i>Note</i> 25, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Things had changed when the <i>Sot Weed Factor</i> appeared, as the author
+of that satirical poem dilates on the litigious character of the people.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note26"><i>Note</i> 26, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p047" title="go to &#x70;. 47">47</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The allusion here I have been unable to discover.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note27"><i>Note</i> 27, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p048" title="go to &#x70;. 48">48</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The colony seems to have justified some of this eulogy by its good order,
+which is the more remarkable, considering the height of party feeling.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note28"><i>Note</i> 28, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p048" title="go to &#x70;. 48">48</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Halberdeers; the halberd was smaller than the partisan, with a sharp
+pointed blade, with a point on one side like a pole-axe.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note29"><i>Note</i> 29, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p049" title="go to &#x70;. 49">49</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Newgate, Ludgate and Bridewell are the well known London prisons.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note30"><i>Note</i> 30, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Our author evidently failed
+from this cause. <span class="xxpn" id="p115">{115}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note31"><i>Note</i> 31, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>A fling at the various Puritan schools, then active at home and abroad.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note32"><i>Note</i> 32, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The first Quakers in Maryland were Elizabeth Harris, Josiah Cole, and
+Thomas Thurston, who visited it in 1657, but as early as July 23, 1659,
+the governor and council issued an order to seize any Quakers and whip
+them from constable to constable out of the province. Yet in spite of
+this they had settled meetings as early as 1661, and Peter Sharpe, the
+Quaker physician, appears as a landholder in 1665, the very year of
+Alsop’s publication.—<i>Norris, Early Friends or Quakers in Maryland</i>
+(Maryland Hist. Soc., March, 1862).</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note33"><i>Note</i> 33, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p050" title="go to &#x70;. 50">50</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The Baptists centering in Rhode Island, extended across Long Island to
+New Jersey, and thence to New York city; but at this time had not reached
+the south.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note34"><i>Note</i> 34, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p056" title="go to &#x70;. 56">56</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>A copy of the usual articles is given in the introduction. Alsop here refutes
+current charges against the Marylanders for their treatment of servants.
+Hammond, in his <i>Leah and Rachel</i>, p. 12, says: “The labour servants are
+put to is not so hard, nor of such continuance as husbandmen nor handecraftmen
+are kept at in England. .&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. The women are not (as is reported)
+put into the ground to worke, but occupie such domestic imployments and
+housewifery as in England.”</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note35"><i>Note</i> 35, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p059" title="go to &#x70;. 59">59</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Laws as to the treatment of servants were passed in the Provisional act
+of 1638, and at many subsequent assemblies.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note36"><i id="note37">Notes</i> 36, 37, <i>pages</i> 59, 61.</h3>
+
+<p>Lewknors lane or Charles street was in Drury lane, in the parish of St.
+Giles.—<i>Seymour’s History of London</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 767. Finsbury is still a well
+known quarter, in St.
+Luke’s parish, Middlesex. <span class="xxpn" id="p116">{116}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note38"><i>Note</i> 38, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Nicholas Culpepper, “student in physic and astrology,” whose <i>English
+Physician</i>, published in 1652, ran through many editions, and is still a book
+published and sold.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note39"><i>Note</i> 39, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Dogs dung, used in dressing morocco, is euphemized into <i>album græcum</i>,
+and is also called <i>pure</i>; those who gather it being still styled in England
+pure-finders.—<i>Mayhew, London Labor and London Poor</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 158.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note40"><i>Note</i> 40, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p065" title="go to &#x70;. 65">65</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>He has not mentioned tobacco as a crop, but describes it fully a few pages
+after. In Maryland as in Virginia it was the currency. Thus in 1638 an
+act authorized the erection of a water-mill to supersede hand-mills for
+grinding grain, and the cost was limited to 20,000 lbs. of tobacco.—<i>McSherry’s
+History of Maryland</i>, p. 56. The Labadists in their <i>Travels</i> (p. 216)
+describe the cultivation at length. Tobacco at this time paid two shillings
+English a cask export duty in Maryland, and two-pence a pound duty on
+its arrival in England, besides weighing and other fees.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note41"><i>Note</i> 41, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p066" title="go to &#x70;. 66">66</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The Parson of Pancras is unknown to me: but the class he represents is
+certainly large.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note42"><i>Note</i> 42, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p066" title="go to &#x70;. 66">66</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The buffalo was not mentioned in the former list, and cannot be considered
+as synonymous with elk.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note43"><i>Note</i> 43, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p067" title="go to &#x70;. 67">67</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>For satisfactory and correct information of the present commerce and
+condition of Maryland, the reader is referred to the <i>Census of the United
+States</i> in 4 vols., 4to, published
+at Washington, 1865. <span class="xxpn" id="p117">{117}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note44"><i>Note</i> 44, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p069" title="go to &#x70;. 69">69</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>This is a curious observation as to New England trade. A century later
+Hutchinson represents Massachusetts as receiving Maryland flour from the
+Pennsylvania mills, and paying in money and bills of exchange.—<i>Hist. of
+Massachusetts</i>, p.
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, 397.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note45"><i>Note</i> 45, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p069" title="go to &#x70;. 69">69</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The trade with Barbadoes, now insignificant, was in our colonial times
+of great importance to all the colonies. Barbadoes is densely peopled and
+thoroughly cultivated; its imports and exports are each about five millions
+of dollars annually.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note46"><i>Note</i> 46, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p071" title="go to &#x70;. 71">71</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The <span class="spwrdspc1">Susquehannas. This</span>
+<i>Relation</i> is one of the most valuable portions
+of Alsop’s tract, as no other Maryland document gives as much concerning
+this tribe, which nevertheless figures extensively in Maryland annals.
+Dutch and Swedish writers speak of a tribe called Minquas (Minquosy,
+Machœretini in <i>De Laet</i>, p. 76); the French in Canada (<i>Champlain</i>, the
+<i>Jesuit Relations, Gendron, Particularitez du Pays des Hurons</i>, p. 7, etc.),
+make frequent allusion to the Gandastogués (more briefly Andastés), a tribe
+friendly to their allies the Hurons, and sturdy enemies of the Iroquois;
+later still Pennsylvania writers speak of the Conestogas, the tribe to which
+Logan belonged, and the tribe which perished at the hands of the Paxton
+boys. Although Gallatin in his map, followed by Bancroft, placed the
+Andastés near Lake Erie, my researches led me to correct this, and identify
+the Susquehannas, Minqua, Andastés or Gandastogués and Conestogas as
+being all the same tribe, the first name being apparently an appellation
+given them by the Virginia tribes; the second that given them by the
+Algonquins on the Delaware; while Gandastogué as the French, or Conestoga
+as the English wrote it, was their own tribal name, meaning cabin-pole
+men, <i>Natio Perticarum</i>, from Andasta, a cabin-pole (map in Creuxius,
+<i>Historia Canadensis</i>). I forwarded a paper on the subject to Mr. Schoolcraft,
+for insertion in the government work issuing under his supervision.
+It was inserted in the last volume without my name, and ostensibly as Mr.
+Schoolcraft’s. I then gave it with my name in the <i>Historical Magazine</i>,
+vol.
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 294. The result arrived at there has been accepted by Bancroft,
+in his large paper edition, by Parkman, in his <i>Jesuits in the Wilderness</i>, by
+Dr. O’Callaghan, S. F. Streeter, Esq., of the Maryland Historical Society,
+and students generally. <span class="xxpn" id="p118">{118}</span></p>
+
+<p>From the Virginian, Dutch, Swedish and French authorities, we can thus
+give their history briefly.</p>
+
+<p>The territory now called Canada, and most of the northern portion of the
+United States, from Lake Superior and the Mississippi to the mouth of the
+St. Lawrence and Chesapeake bay were, when discovered by Europeans,
+occupied by two families of tribes, the Algonquin and the Huron Iroquois.
+The former which included all the New England tribes, the Micmacs, Mohegans,
+Delawares, Illinois, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatamies, Sacs, Foxes,
+Miamis, and many of the Maryland and Virginian tribes surrounded the
+more powerful and civilized tribes who have been called Huron Iroquois,
+from the names of the two most powerful nations of the group, the Hurons
+or Wyandots of Upper Canada, and the Iroquois or Five Nations of New
+York. Besides these the group included the Neuters on the Niagara, the
+Dinondadies in Upper Canada, the Eries south of the lake of that name,
+the Andastogués or Susquehannas on that river, the Nottaways and some
+other Virginian tribes, and finally the Tuscaroras in North Carolina and
+perhaps the Cherokees, whose language presents many striking points of
+similarity.</p>
+
+<p>Both these groups of tribes claimed a western origin, and seem, in their
+progress east, to have driven out of Ohio the Quappas, called by the
+Algonquins, Alkansas or Allegewi, who retreated down the Ohio and
+Mississippi to the district which has preserved the name given them by the
+Algonquins.</p>
+
+<p>After planting themselves on the Atlantic border, the various tribes
+seem to have soon divided and become embroiled in war. The Iroquois, at
+first inferior to the Algonquins were driven out of the valley of the St.
+Lawrence into the lake region of New York, where by greater cultivation,
+valor and union they soon became superior to the Algonquins of Canada
+and New York, as the Susquehannas who settled on the Susquehanna did
+over the tribes in New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia. (<i>Du Ponceau’s
+Campanius</i>, p. 158.) Prior to 1600 the Susquehannas and the Mohawks,
+the most eastern Iroquois tribe, came into collision, and the Susquehannas
+nearly exterminated the Mohawks in a war which lasted ten years. (<i>Relation
+de la Nouv. France</i>, 1659–60, p. 28.)</p>
+
+<p>In 1608 Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake and its tributaries,
+met a party of sixty of these Sasquesahanocks as he calls them
+(<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 120–1),
+and he states that they were still at war with the Massawomekes or
+Mohawks. (<i>De Laet Novus Orbis</i>, p. 79.)</p>
+
+<p>DeVries, in his <i>Voyages</i> (Murphy’s translation, p. 41–3), found them in
+1633 at war with the Armewamen and Sankiekans, Algonquin tribes on the
+Delaware, maintaining their supremacy by butchery. They were friendly
+to the Dutch. When the Swedes in 1638 settled on the Delaware, they
+renewed the friendly intercourse begun by the Dutch. They purchased
+lands of the ruling tribe and thus secured their friendship. (<i>Hazard’s
+Annals</i>, p. 48). They carried the terror of their arms
+southward also, and <span class="xxpn" id="p119">{119}</span>
+in 1634 to 1644 they waged war on the Yaomacoes, the Piscataways and
+Patuxents (<i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>. p. 161), and were so troublesome that in
+1642 Governor Calvert, by proclamation, declared them public enemies.</p>
+
+<p>When the Hurons in Upper Canada in 1647 began to sink under the
+fearful blows dealt by the Five Nations, the Susquehannas sent an
+embassy to offer them aid against the common enemy. (<i>Gendron,
+Quelques Particularitez du Pays des Hurons</i>, p. 7). Nor was the
+offer one of little value, for the Susquehannas could put in the
+field 1,300 warriors (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1647–8,
+p. 58) trained to the use of fire arms and European modes of war
+by three Swedish soldiers whom they had obtained to instruct them.
+(<i>Proud’s Pennsylvania</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 111; <i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 273.) Before interposing in the war, they began
+by negotiation, and sent an embassy to Onondaga to urge the cantons to
+peace. (<i>Relation</i>, 1648, p. 58). The Iroquois refused, and the Hurons,
+sunk in apathy, took no active steps to secure the aid of the friendly
+Susquehannas.</p>
+
+<p>That tribe, however, maintained its friendly intercourse with its European
+neighbors, and in 1652 Sawahegeh, Auroghteregh, Scarhuhadigh, Rutchogah
+and Nathheldianeh, in presence of a Swedish deputy, ceded to Maryland
+all the territory from the Patuxent river to Palmer’s island, and from the
+Choptauk to the northeast branch north of Elk river. (<i>Bozman’s Maryland</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 683).</p>
+
+<p>Four years later the Iroquois, grown insolent by their success in almost
+annihilating their kindred tribes north and south of Lake Erie, the Wyandots,
+Dinondadies, Neuters and Eries, provoked a war with the Susquehannas,
+plundering their hunters on Lake Ontario. (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle
+France</i>, 1657, pp. 11, 18).</p>
+
+<p>It was at this important period in their history that Alsop knew and
+described them to us.</p>
+
+<p>In 1661 the small-pox, that scourge of the native tribes, broke out in their
+town, sweeping off many and enfeebling the nation terribly. War had
+now begun in earnest with the Five Nations; and though the Susquehannas
+had some of their people killed near their town (<i>Hazard’s Annals</i>, 341–7),
+they in turn pressed the Cayugas so hard that some of them retreated
+across Lake Ontario to Canada (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1661, p. 39,
+1668, p. 20). They also kept the Senecas in such alarm that they no longer
+ventured to carry their peltries to New York, except in caravans escorted
+by six hundred men, who even took a most circuitous route. (<i>Relation</i>, 1661,
+p. 40). A law of Maryland passed May 1, 1661, authorized the governor to
+aid the Susquehannas.</p>
+
+<p>Smarting under constant defeat, the Five Nations solicited French aid
+(<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1662–3, p. 11, 1663–4, p. 33;
+<i>Charlevoix</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>,
+p. 134), but in April, 1663, the Western cantons raised an army of eight
+hundred men to invest and storm the fort of the Susquehannas. They
+embarked on Lake Ontario, according to the French account, and then went
+overland to the Susquehanna. On reaching the fort,
+however, they found <span class="xxpn" id="p120">{120}</span>
+it well defended on the river side, and on the land side with two bastions in
+European style with cannon mounted and connected by a double curtain of
+large trees. After some trifling skirmishes the Iroquois had recourse to
+stratagem. They sent in a party of twenty-five men to treat of peace and
+ask provisions to enable them to return. The Susquehannas admitted them,
+but immediately burned them all alive before the eyes of their countrymen.
+(<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1663, p. 10). The Pennsylvania writers,
+(<i>Hazard’s Annals of Pennsylvania</i>, p. 346) make the Iroquois force one
+thousand six hundred, and that of the Susquehannas only one hundred.
+They add that when the Iroquois retreated, the Susquehannas pursued
+them, killing ten and taking as many.</p>
+
+<p>After this the war was carried on in small parties, and Susquehanna
+prisoners were from time to time burned at Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and
+Cayuga (<i>Relations de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1668 to 1673), and their prisoners
+doubtless at Canoge on the Susquehanna. In the fall of 1669 the Susquehannas,
+after defeating the Cayugas, offered peace, but the Cayugas put
+their ambassador and his nephew to death, after retaining him five or six
+months; the Oneidas having taken nine Susquehannas and sent some to
+Cayuga, with forty wampum belts to maintain the war. (<i>Relation de la
+Nouvelle France</i>, 1670, p. 68.)</p>
+
+<p>At this time the great war chief of the Susquehannas was one styled
+Hochitagete or Barefoot (<i>Relation de la Nouvelle France</i>, 1670, p. 47); and
+raving women and crafty medicine men deluded the Iroquois with promises
+of his capture and execution at the stake (<i>Relation</i>, 1670, p. 47), and a
+famous medicine man of Oneida appeared after death to order his body to
+be taken up and interred on the trail leading to the Susquehannas as the
+only means of saving that canton from ruin. (<i>Relation</i>, 1672, p. 20.)</p>
+
+<p>Towards the summer of 1672 a body of forty Cayugas descended the
+Susquehanna in canoes, and twenty Senecas went by land to attack the
+Susquehannas in their fields; but a band of sixty Andasté or Susquehanna
+boys, the oldest not over sixteen, attacked the Senecas, and routed them,
+killing one brave and taking another. Flushed with victory they pushed
+on to attack the Cayugas, and defeated them also, killing eight and wounding
+with arrow, knife and hatchet, fifteen or sixteen more, losing, however,
+fifteen or sixteen of their gallant band. (<i>Relation</i>, 1672, p. 24.)</p>
+
+<p>At this time the Susquehannas or Andastés were so reduced by war and
+pestilence that they could muster only three hundred warriors. In 1675,
+however, the Susquehannas were completely overthrown (<i>Etat Present</i>,
+1675, manuscript; <i>Relation</i>, 1676, p. 2; <i>Relations Inédites</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 44; <i>Colden’s Five Nations</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 126),
+but unfortunately we have no details whatever as to the forces which
+effected it, or the time or manner of their utter defeat.</p>
+
+<p>A party of about one hundred retreated into Maryland, and occupied
+some abandoned Indian forts. Accused of the murder of some settlers,
+apparently slain by the Senecas, they sent five of their chiefs to the Maryland
+and Virginia troops, under Washington and Brent, who
+went out in <span class="xxpn" id="p121">{121}</span>
+pursuit. Although coming as deputies, and showing the Baltimore medal
+and certificate of friendship, these chiefs were cruelly put to death. The
+enraged Susquehannas then began a terrible border war, which was kept
+till their utter destruction (S. F. Streeter’s Destruction of the Susquehannas,
+<i>Historical Magazine</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 65). The rest of the tribe, after making overtures
+to Lord Baltimore, submitted to the Five Nations, and were allowed to
+retain their ancient grounds. When Pennsylvania was settled, they became
+known as Conestogas, and were always friendly to the colonists of Penn, as
+they had been to the Dutch and Swedes. In 1701 Canoodagtoh, their king,
+made a treaty with Penn, and in the document they are styled Minquas,
+Conestogos or Susquehannas. They appear as a tribe in a treaty in 1742,
+but were dwindling away. In 1763 the feeble remnant of the tribe became
+involved in the general suspicion entertained by the colonists against the
+red men, arising out of massacres on the borders. To escape danger the
+poor creatures took refuge in Lancaster jail, and here they were all
+butchered by the Paxton boys, who burst into the place. Parkman in his
+<i>Conspiracy of Pontiac</i>, p. 414, details the sad story.</p>
+
+<p>The last interest of this unfortunate tribe centres in Logan, the friend of
+the white man, whose speech is so familiar to all, that we must regret that
+it has not sustained the historical scrutiny of Brantz Mayer (<i>Tahgahjute;
+or, Logan and Capt. Michael Cresap</i>, Maryland Hist. Soc., May, 1851; and
+8vo, Albany, 1867). Logan was a Conestoga, in other words a Susquehanna.</p>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p121a">
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note47"><i>Note</i> 47, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p071" title="go to &#x70;. 71">71</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The language of the Susquehannas, as Smith remarks, differed from that
+of the Virginian tribes generally. As already stated, it was one of the
+dialects of the Huron-Iroquois, and its relation to other members of the
+family may be seen by the following table of the numerals:</p>
+
+<div class="dtablebox">
+<table summary="">
+<tr>
+ <th scope="col"></th>
+ <th scope="col">Susquehanna<br />or Minqua.</th>
+ <th scope="col">Hochelaga.</th>
+ <th scope="col">Huron.</th>
+ <th scope="col">Mohawk.</th>
+ <th scope="col">Onondaga.</th></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;1.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Onskat,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Segada,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Eskate,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Easka,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Unskat.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;2.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tiggene,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tigneny,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Téni,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tekeni,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tegni.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;3.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Axe,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Asche,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Hachin,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Aghsea,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Achen.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;4.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Raiene,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Honnacon,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Dac,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Kieri,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Gayeri.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;5.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisck,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Ouiscon,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Ouyche,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisk,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Wisk.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;6.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Jaiack,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Indahir,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Houhahea,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Yayak,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Haiak.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;7.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tzadack,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Ayaga,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Sotaret,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Jatak,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tchiatak.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;8.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tickerom,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Addegue,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Attaret,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Satego,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tegeron.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">&#x2007;9.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Waderom,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Madellon,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Nechon,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Tiyohto,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Waderom.</p></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <th scope="row"><p class="ptdlft">10.</p></th>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Assan,</p></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Assem,</p></td>
+ <td></td>
+ <td><p class="ptdlft">Oyeri.</p></td>
+ <td></td></tr>
+</table></div></div><!--section-->
+
+<div class="section" id="p122a">
+<div class="dxxpn" id="p122">{122}</div>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note48"><i>Note</i> 48, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p073" title="go to &#x70;. 73">73</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Smith thus describes them: “Sixty of those Sasquesahanocks came to vs
+with skins, Bowes, Arrows, Targets, Beads, swords and Tobacco pipes for
+presents. Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene, for
+they seemed like Giants to the English; yea and to the neighbours, yet
+seemed of an honest and simple disposition, with much adoe restrained
+from adoring vs as Gods. Those are the strangest people of all those
+Countries, both in language and attire; for their language it may well
+beseeme their proportions, sounding from them as a voyce in a vault.
+Their attire is the skinnes of Beares, and Woolues, some have Cassacks
+made of Beares heads and skinnes, that a mans head goes through the
+skinnes neck, and the eares of the Beare fastened to his shoulders, the nose
+and teeth hanging downe his breast, another Beares face split behind him,
+and at the end of the Nose hung a Pawe, the halfe sleeues comming to the
+elbowes were the neckes of Beares and the armes through the mouth with
+the pawes hanging at their noses. One had the head of a Wolfe hanging
+in a chaine for a Iewell, his tobacco pipe three-quarters of a yard long,
+prettily carued with a Bird, a Deere or some such devise at the great end,
+sufficient to beat out ones braines; with Bowes, Arrowes and Clubs, suitable
+to their greatnesse. They are scarce known to Powhatan. They can
+make near 600 able men, and are palisadoed in their Townes to defend
+them from the Massawomekes, their mortal enemies. Five of their chief
+Werowances came aboord vs and crossed the Bay in their Barge. The
+picture of the greatest of them is signified in the Mappe. The calfe of
+whose leg was three-quarters of a yard about, and all the rest of his limbes
+so answerable to that proportion, that he seemed the goodliest man we ever
+beheld. His hayre, the one side was long, the other shore close with a
+ridge over his crowue like a cocks combe. His arrowes were five-quarters
+long, headed with the splinters of a White christall-like stone, in form of a
+heart, an inch broad, and an inch and a halfe or more long. These he wore
+in a Woolues skinne at his backe for his quiver, his bow in one hand and
+his club in the other, as described.”—<i>Smith’s Voyages</i> (Am. ed.),
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 119–20.
+Tattooing referred to by our author, was an ancient Egyptian custom, and
+is still retained by the women. See <i>Lane’s Modern Egyptians</i>, etc. It was
+forbidden to the Jews in <i>Leviticus</i>, 19:&#x202f;28.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note49"><i>Note</i> 49, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p074" title="go to &#x70;. 74">74</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>“<i>Purchas, his Pilgrimage</i>, or Relations of the World, and the Religions
+observed in all Ages and Places discovered, from the Creation unto this
+present,” 1 vol., folio, 1613. In spite of Alsop, Purchas is still highly
+esteemed. <span class="xxpn" id="p123">{123}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note50"><i>Note</i> 50, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p075" title="go to &#x70;. 75">75</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>As to their treatment of prisoners, see <i>Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>,
+p. 260.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note51"><i>Note</i> 51, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p075" title="go to &#x70;. 75">75</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Smith thus locates their town: “The Sasquesahannocks inhabit vpon the
+cheefe spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head, one day’s journey
+higher than our barge could passe for rocks,” vol.
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>, p. 182. Campanius
+thus describes their town, which he represents as twelve miles from New
+Sweden: “They live on a high mountain, very steep and difficult to climb;
+there they have a fort or square building, surrounded with palisades. There
+they have guns and small iron cannon, with which they shoot and defend
+themselves, and take with them when they go to war.”—<i>Campanius’s Nye
+Sverige</i>, p. 181; Du Ponceau’s translation, p. 158. A view of a Sasquesahannock
+town is given in <i>Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld</i>
+(1671), p. 136, based evidently on Smith. De Lisle’s Map, dated June, 1718,
+lays down Canoge, Fort des Indiens Andastés ou Susquehanocs at about
+40° N.; but I find the name nowhere else.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note52"><i>Note</i> 52, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p077" title="go to &#x70;. 77">77</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Scalping was practiced by the Scythians. (<i>Herodotus</i>, book
+<span class="smmaj">IV</span>, and in the
+second book of <i>Macchabees</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">VII,</span> 4, 7). Antiochus is said to have caused two
+of the seven Macchabee brothers to be scalped. “The skin of the head with
+the hairs being drawn off.” The torture of prisoners as here described
+originated with the Iroquois, and spread to nearly all the North American
+tribes. It was this that led the Algonquins to give the Iroquois tribes the
+names Magoué, Nadoué or Nottaway, which signified cruel. <i>Lafitau,
+Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 287.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note53"><i>Note</i> 53, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The remarks here as to religion are vague. The Iroquois and Hurons
+recognized Aireskoi or Agreskoe, as the great deity, styling him also
+Teharonhiawagon. As to the Hurons, see <i>Sagard, Histoire du Canada</i>,
+p. 485. The sacrifice of a child, as noted by Alsop, was unknown in the
+other tribes of this race, and is not mentioned by Campanius in regard to
+this one. <span class="xxpn" id="p124">{124}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note54"><i>Note</i> 54, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The priests were the medicine men in all probability; no author mentioning
+any class that can be regarded properly as priests.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note55"><i>Note</i> 55, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p078" title="go to &#x70;. 78">78</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The burial rites here described resemble those of the Iroquois (<i>Lafitau,
+Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, pp. 389, 407) and of the Hurons, as described by
+Sagard (<i>Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 702) in the manner of placing the dead
+body in a sitting posture; but there it was wrapped in furs, encased in bark
+and set upon a scaffold till the feast of the dead.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note56"><i>Note</i> 56, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p079" title="go to &#x70;. 79">79</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Sagard, in his <i>Huron Dictionary</i>, gives village, <i>andata</i>; he is in
+the fort or village, <i>andatagon</i>; which is equivalent to <i>Connadago</i>,
+<i>nd</i> and <i>nn</i> being frequently used for each other.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note57"><i>Note</i> 57, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p080" title="go to &#x70;. 80">80</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>For the condition of the women in a kindred tribe, compare <i>Sagard,
+Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 272; <i>Grand Voyage</i>, p. 130; <i>Perrot, Moeurs et
+Coustumes des Sauvages</i>, p. 30.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note58"><i>Note</i> 58, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p080" title="go to &#x70;. 80">80</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Among the Iroquois the husband elect went to the wife’s cabin and sat
+down on the mat opposite the fire. If she accepted him she presented him
+a bowl of hominy and sat down beside him, turning modestly away. He
+then ate some and soon after retired.—<i>Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">I</span>,
+p. 566.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note59"><i>Note</i> 59, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p081" title="go to &#x70;. 81">81</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>Sagard, in his <i>Histoire du Canada</i>, p. 185, makes a similar remark as to
+the Hurons, a kindred tribe, men and women acting as here stated, and he
+says that in this they resembled the ancient Egyptians. Compare <i>Hennepin,
+Moeurs des Sauvages</i>, p. 54; <i>Description d’un Pays plus grand que
+l’Europe, Voyages au Nord</i>,
+<span class="smmaj">V</span>, p. 341. <span class="xxpn" id="p125">{125}</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note60"><i>Note</i> 60, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>This characteristic of the active trading propensities of the early settlers
+will apply to the present race of Americans in a fourfold degree.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note61"><i>Note</i> 61, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>One who brought goods to Maryland without following such advice as
+Alsop gives, describes in Hudibrastic verse his doleful story in the <i>Sot Weed
+Factor</i>, recently reprinted.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note62"><i>Note</i> 62, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p096" title="go to &#x70;. 96">96</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>For an account of this gentleman, see ante, p. 13.</p>
+
+<h3 class="h3note" id="note63"><i>Note</i> 63, <i>page</i>
+<a href="#p097" title="go to &#x70;. 97">97</a>.</h3>
+
+<p>The rebellion in Maryland, twice alluded to by our author in his
+letters, was a very trifling matter. On the restoration of Charles II,
+Lord Baltimore sent over his brother Philip Calvert as governor, with
+authority to proceed against Governor Fendall, who, false alike to all
+parties, was now scheming to overthrow the proprietary government. The
+new governor was instructed on no account to permit Fendall to escape
+with his life; but Philip Calvert was more clement than Lord Baltimore,
+and though Fendall made a fruitless effort to excite the people to
+opposition, he was, on his voluntary submission, punished by a merely
+short imprisonment. This clemency he repaid by a subsequent attempt
+to excite a rebellion.—<i>McMahon’s History of Maryland</i>, pp. 213–14,
+citing Council Proceedings from 1656 to 1668, liber H. H., 74 to 82.</p>
+
+<div class="padtopa">THE END.</div>
+</div><!--section-->
+
+<div id="dtransnote">
+TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
+
+<p class="pfirst plefta">Original spelling and grammar have been
+generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Enlarged
+curly brackets, used to combine information from two or more
+lines of text have been discarded. The transcriber produced
+the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain.
+The primary source of page images was archive.org—search for
+“characterofprovi00alsorich”. Secondary sources, also at archive.org,
+were “characterofprovince00also” and “gowansbibliothec00gowaiala”</p>
+
+<p class="plefta">There were two series of page numbers printed on
+each page of the main text. One series, printed (with gaps) from 10 to
+125, was printed at the top of each page in an ornamented header. This
+series has been retained, and is shown in curly brackets like this:
+{52}. Page one of this series, inferred by counting back from ten, is
+the title page of <i>Gowans’ Bibliotheca Americana 5</i>, New York, William
+Gowans, 1869. The other series, printed with gaps from 417 to 533,
+in smaller type at the bottom of each page, has been discarded. The
+book actually transcribed herein was a reissue of <i>Gowans’ Bibliotheca
+Americana 5</i>, titled <i>Fund-Publication, No. 15. A Character of the
+Province of Maryland</i>, The Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore,
+1880.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p106" title="go to &#x70;. 106">106</a>.
+Changed “capaple” to “capable”.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p117" title="go to &#x70;. 117">117</a>.
+Changed “p.
+<span class="smmaj">II</span>, 397” to “<span class="smmaj">II</span>, p. 397”.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p119" title="go to &#x70;. 119">119</a>.
+Changed “p. 7),” to “p. 7).”. Changed “1647–8. p. 58)”
+to “1647–8, p. 58)”. Also “p. 273. Before” to “p. 273.) Before”.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p121" title="go to &#x70;. 121">121</a>.
+“Waderom,” to “Waderom.”, in the last column of the table.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p122" title="go to &#x70;. 122">122</a>.
+Added left double quotation mark to ‘<i>Purchas, his
+Pilgrimage</i>, or Relations’, to match the one after ‘this present,’.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="phangb">Page
+<a href="#p124" title="go to &#x70;. 124">124</a>.
+Changed “p, 566” to “p. 566”.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!--transnote-->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Character of the Province of Maryland, by 
+George Alsop
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROVINCE OF MARYLAND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 57811-h.htm or 57811-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-08 09:26:55 -0800
committer	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-08 09:26:55 -0800
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