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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/5742.txt b/5742.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3a19e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/5742.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2026 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark +Expedition, by Katherine Chandler + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark Expedition + +Author: Katherine Chandler + +Release Date: May, 2004 [EBook #5742] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on August 20, 2002] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BIRD-WOMAN *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + +THE BIRD-WOMAN OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION + +A SUPPLEMENTARY READER FOR +FIRST AND SECOND GRADES + +BY KATHERINE CHANDLER + +Author of +"Habits of California Plants" and "In the Reign of Coyote: Folk-Lore +from the Pacific" + +1905 + + +To my friend +GENEVRA SISSON SNEDDEN +whose interest in this little book has encouraged its completion + + + + +PREFACE. + +Because children invariably ask for "more" of the stories they find +interesting, this little book of continuous narrative has been written. +Every incident is found in the Lewis and Clark Journals, so that the +child's frequent question, "Is it true?" can be answered in the +affirmative. + +The vocabulary consists of fewer than 700 words. Over half of these are +found in popular primers. Therefore, the child should have no difficulty +in reading this historical story after completing a first reader. + +The illustrations on pages 13, 15, 29, 64, and the last one on page 79, +are redrawn from Catlin's "Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, +and Conditions of the North-American Indians." + +My acknowledgments are due Miss Lilian Bridgman, of San Francisco, for +help in arranging the vocabulary. + +KATHERINE CHANDLER. + +SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. +July 1, 1905. + + + + +CONTENTS + +THE BIRD-WOMAN +WHO THE WHITE MEN WERE +WHY SACAJAWEA WENT WEST +AT FORT MANDAN +THE BLACK MAN +SACAJAWEA'S BABY +MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE INDIANS +SACAJAWEA SAVES THE CAPTAINS' GOODS +SACAJAWEA'S RIVER +THE FIRST SIGHT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS +SACAJAWEA IS ILL +HOW THE INDIANS HUNTED BUFFALO +THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURI +THE CACHE NEAR THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURI +HOW SACAJAWEA CURED RATTLESNAKE BITES +GOING AROUND THE FALLS +GRIZZLY BEARS +AT THE TOP OF THE FALLS +THE CLOUD-BURST +AT THE SOURCE OF THE MISSOURI +SACAJAWEA FINDS ROOTS AND SEED +SACAJAWEA'S PEOPLE +SACAJAWEA'S BROTHER +SACAJAWEA'S PEOPLE WILL SHOW THE WAY +THE INDIANS TRY TO LEAVE THE WHITES +CROSSING THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS +AT THE COLUMBIA RIVER +HOW THE INDIANS DRIED SALMON +THE WAPPATOO +TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN +THE PACIFIC OCEAN +SACAJAWEA ON THE OCEAN BEACH +THE WHALE +SACAJAWEA'S BELT +AT FORT CLATSOP +THE START HOME +AT CAMP CHOPUNNISH +OVER THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS GOING HOME +EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AGAIN +SACAJAWEA SAYS GOOD-BYE TO THE SOLDIERS +THE CENTENNIAL + + + +[Illustration: THE STATUE OF SACAJAWEA, THE BIRD WOMAN, UNVEILED AT THE +LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL, IN PORTLAND, OREGON, IN 1905] + + + + +a go hun dred Sa ca ja we a years + + +THE BIRD-WOMAN. + +The Bird-Woman was an Indian. +She showed the white men the way into the West. +There were no roads to the West then. +That was one hundred years ago. +This Indian woman took the white men across streams. +She took them over hills. +She took them through bushes. +She seemed to find her way as a bird does. +The white men said, "She goes like a bird. +We will call her the Bird-Woman." +Her Indian name was Sacajawea. + + + + +Clark A mer i can Lew is +met cap tains part +sol diers twen ty nine peo pie +Mis sou ri Riv er + + +WHO THE WHITE MEN WERE. + +The white men Sacajawea went with were soldiers. +There were twenty-nine soldiers. +There were two captains. +The name of one captain was Lewis. +The name of the other captain was Clark. +They were American soldiers. + +[Illustration: CAPTAIN CLARK.] +[Illustration: CAPTAIN LEWIS.] + +They carried the American flag into the West. +No white men knew about that part of the West then. +The captains wished to learn all about the West. +They wished to tell the people in the East about it. +They had been going West a long time before they met Sacajawea. +They had rowed up the Missouri River. +They had come to many little streams. +They did not know what the Indians called these streams. +So they gave them new names for the white men. + + +camp Fourth of Ju ly Man dan +cheered French man rest ed +ice In de pend ence creek +hus band Kan sas snow + + +On Fourth of July they named one stream Fourth of July Creek. +They named another Independence Creek. +We still call this stream by that name. +You can find it on the map of Kansas. +On Fourth of July the men rested. +The soldier who woke first fired a gun. +Then they all woke up and cheered for the Fourth of July. +At night they fired another gun. +Then the soldiers danced around the camp fire. +After a time the ice and snow would not let them go on. +They made a winter camp near the Mandan Indians. +Here they met Sacajawea and her husband. +Her husband was a Frenchman who knew a little about the West. +Sacajawea was the only one there who had been to the far West. +Lewis and Clark told the Frenchman they would pay him to go with them. +He said he would go. +Then he and Sacajawea came to live at the soldiers' camp. + + + + +be longed roots tribe +mar ried Snake twelve +Rocky Mountains thought war + + +WHY SACAJAWEA WENT WEST. + +Sacajawea belonged in the West. +Her tribe was called the Snake Indians. +They lived in the Rocky Mountains. +Sacajawea lived in the Mountains until she was twelve years old. +Then her tribe went to war with the Mandans from the East. +One day Sacajawea and some other girls were getting roots. +They were down by a stream. +Some Mandans came upon them. +The girls ran fast to get away. + +[Illustration: MANDAN DRAWING ON A BUFFALO ROBE] + +Sacajawea ran into the stream. +An Indian caught her. +He took her up on his horse. +He carried her away to the East, to the country of the Mandans. +There she married the Frenchman. +There the Americans found her. +She was glad when her husband said he would go West with Lewis and +Clark. +She thought she would see her own tribe again. + + + + +an i mals coun try friends +med i cine read y chiefs +froz en plants wrote +fort sweat house + + +AT FORT MANDAN. + +The soldiers called their winter camp Fort Mandan. They had a hard +winter there. +It was so cold that many men were ill. +They had no time to be ill. +They had to work to be ready to go West when Spring opened. +The captains wrote in their books about the Indians and animals and +plants they had seen. +They made maps of the country they had come through. +They had long talks with the Indian chiefs. +They made friends with the Indians by giving them medicine. +An Indian boy had his feet frozen near the soldiers' camp. +The captains kept him until his feet were well again. +His people all came and thanked the captains. + +[Illustration: AN INDIAN SWEAT-HOUSE] + +The Indians told each other about the white men's medicine. +They said, "The white men's medicine is better than our sweat-house." +So they came for miles to the white camp to get the medicine. +They gave the captains food. +They wanted to be friends with them. + + +ar rows din ner hunt ed +mon ey beads fid dle +knives pie ces blan kets +gal lons med als stove + + +The soldiers hunted animals for food and for their skins. +One soldier cut an old stove into pieces. +The Indians wanted these pieces to make arrows and knives. +They would give eight gallons of corn for one piece. +The Indians did not know what money was. +The captains did not carry money with them. +They took flags and medals, knives and blankets, looking-glasses and +beads, and many other things. +With these they could get food from the Indians. +On Christmas Day, 1804, the soldiers put the American flag up over the +fort. +They told the Indians not to come to see them on that day. +They said it was the best day of their year. +It was a cold day, with much ice and snow. +They had a good dinner and after dinner the soldiers danced. +On New Year's Day, 1805, they fired off all their guns. +The captains let the soldiers go to the Mandan camp. +They took their fiddle and danced for the Indians. +One soldier danced on his hands with his head down. +The Indians liked this dancing very much. +They gave the soldiers some corn and some skins. + + + + +sur prised hair paint ed stran ger +fin ger wa ter helped York + + +THE BLACK MAN. + +Captain Clark had his black man, York, with him. +The Indians were always surprised to see the black man. +They thought he was stranger than the white men. +One Mandan chief said, "This is a white man painted black." +He wet his finger and tried to wash the black off York's skin. +The black would not come off. +Then York took off his hat. +The chief had not seen such hair before. +Then the chief said, "You are not like a white man. +You are a black man." +The Indians told each other of this black man. +They came from far to see him. +York helped make them friends with the whites. +The captains named a river for York. +The river had only a little water in it. +They named it York's Dry River. + + + + +bas ket laugh weeks +born su gar + + +SACAJAWEA'S BABY. + +At Fort Mandan, Sacajawea's baby boy was born. +He was only eight weeks old when the white men began to go to the far +West. +Sacajawea made a basket of skins for her baby. +She put it on her back. +The baby could sleep in the basket as Sacajawea walked. +The soldiers liked the baby. +They gave it sugar. +They made it playthings of wood. +They danced to make it laugh. +Indian babies do not laugh much and they do not cry much. +Once in the West the baby was ill. +Then the soldiers camped for some days. +They were very still. +Captain Lewis gave the baby medicine. +This made the baby well again. +Then the men laughed. +They said, "Let us sing and dance for the baby." +The baby laughed as it looked at the men. + + +A pril par ty shot +broke shoot warm + + +The warm April sun broke up the ice in the Missouri River. +Then the party got into their boats and rowed on up the river. +From this time on, Sacajawea and her baby were a help to the soldiers. +When the Indians saw a woman and a baby with the men, they knew it was +not a war party. +Indians would not take a woman and baby to war. +Only men go to war. +The Indians did not shoot at the men. +They came up to see what they wanted. +If Sacajawea had not been there, they would have shot the white men. +The Indians thought that all strangers wanted war. +They thought this until the strangers showed that they were friends. + + + + +bare foot ed cov ered prick ly +threw cor ners pears +same moc ca sins true + + +MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE INDIANS. + +Sacajawea showed the captains how to make friends with the Indians. +The Indians on the upper Missouri River and in the Rocky Mountains +showed that they wanted to be friends in the same way. +When they saw strangers, they stood still and talked to each other. +If they wished to be friends, the chief walked out ahead of his people. +He took off his blanket. +He took hold of it by two corners. +He threw it up high. +Then he put it on the ground. +This showed that he was putting down a skin for a friend to sit on. +He did this three times. +Then the strangers came up to him. +They sat down together. +They took off their moccasins. +This showed that they wished to be true friends. +If they were not true friends, they would go barefooted all their days. +They thought it hard to go barefooted. +The ground was covered with prickly pears. +The prickly pears would hurt their feet. + + + + +great pres ents smoked +pipes send Wash ing ton + + +When the strangers had their moccasins off, they smoked some pipes +together. +Then they gave each other presents. +Then they told each other why they had come together. +Captain Lewis and Captain Clark always told the Indians: + +"We have come from the Great Father in Washington. +He sends you these presents. +He wants you to be friends with the white men. +He wants you to be friends with the other Indians. +When you all are friends, the men can get many animals and the women can +get many roots. +The Great Father will send you out the white men's goods when you are +all friends." + +The Indians always said to Lewis and Clark: + +"We are glad to hear from the Great Father in Washington. +We like his presents. +We shall be glad to get the white men's goods. +We will be friends with all men with Indians and with white men." + + + + +a fraid com pass canoe +straight ened turned hit +rud der + + +SACAJAWEA SAVES THE CAPTAINS' GOODS. + +Going up the Missouri, the compass, the books, and the maps were in one +canoe. +The captains had the compass to find the West. +One day a big wind hit this canoe and turned it nearly over. +Sacajawea's husband was at the rudder. +He was afraid and let go. The water came into the canoe. +The maps and books came up to the top of the water. +Sacajawea saw them going out into the river. +She took the compass into her lap. +She caught the books. +She called to her husband. +He took the rudder again. +He straightened the boat again. +Then Sacajawea caught the maps that were on top of the river. + + + + +Crook ed Mon ta na wide +hand some saved yards + + +SACAJAWEA'S RIVER. + +As the maps and books were wet, the soldiers had to camp two days. +They put the maps and the books and the compass in the sun. +When these were dry, they went on again. +Ten days after, they came to a river that no white man had seen before. +Captain Lewis wrote in his book, "It is a handsome river about 50 yards +wide." +They did not know the Indian name for it. +The captains were so glad Sacajawea had saved their things that they +named it for her. +They said, "We will call it the Sacajawea or Bird-Woman's River." +This river is still running. +Look on a map of Montana. +Do you see a stream named "Crooked Creek?" +That is the stream Lewis and Clark named Sacajawea's River. +Which do you think is the prettier name? +Which do you think we should call it? + + + + +blew elk pleas ure +cross plains steep +buf fa lo mos qui toes sight + + +THE FIRST SIGHT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. + +Going up the Missouri, the party had to drink the river water. +It was not good and it made them ill. +The sand blew in their eyes. +The mosquitoes bit them all the time. +But still the soldiers were happy. +They carried their goods in boats. +They walked when they wished to. +They hunted buffalo and elk on the plains near the river. +They had all they wanted to eat. +One day in May, Captain Lewis was out hunting. +He went up a little hill. +Then far off to the West he saw the Rocky Mountains high and steep. +Captain Lewis was the first white man to see these mountains. +He wrote in his book that he felt a great pleasure on first seeing them. +He knew they would be very hard to cross. +They were all white with snow. +But he was ready to go on so as to get to the West. +He went back to the boats and told the others about the mountains. +The men were happy and worked harder to get near them. + + + + +grew fell hot sul phur worse + + +SACAJAWEA IS ILL. + +Going up the Missouri, Sacajawea fell ill. +She could not eat. +She grew worse each day. +Captain Clark gave her some medicine. +It did not make her well. +The soldiers had to camp until she could go on. +They could not go on without her. +They wanted her with them to make friends with her tribe. +One day the soldiers found a hot sulphur spring. +They carried Sacajawea to this spring. +The water made her well. +In a week she could go on. + + + + +bank killed hole to ward + + +HOW THE INDIANS HUNTED BUFFALO. + +On the plains of the Missouri there were many buffaloes. +Sacajawea told the soldiers how the Indians hunted them. +An Indian put on a buffalo skin. +The buffalo's head was over his head. +He walked out to where the buffaloes were eating. +He stood between them and a high bank of the river. +The other Indians went behind the buffaloes. +The buffaloes ran toward the man in the buffalo skin. +He ran fast toward the river. +Then the buffaloes ran fast toward the river. +At the high bank the man ran down and hid in a hole. +The buffaloes came so fast that they could not stop at the bank. +They fell over the bank on to the rocks near the river. +Many were killed. +Then the Indians came around the bank. +They skinned the buffaloes. +They dried the meat. +They dried the skins to make blankets and houses. + + + + +June won der ful draw +pic ture spray write cache + + +THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURI. + +One June day Captain Lewis was walking ahead of the boats. +He heard a great noise up the River. +He pushed on fast. +After walking seven miles, he came to the great Falls of the Missouri. +He was the first white man to see these Falls. +He sat down on a rock and watched the water dash and spray. +He tried to draw a picture of the Falls. +He tried to write about it in his book. +But he said it was so wonderful that he could not draw it well nor +picture it in words. +When the men came up, they could not take their boats near the Falls. +The Falls are very, very high. +The highest fall is eighty-seven feet high, and the water comes down +with a great rush. +So the soldiers had to go around the Falls. +That was a long, long way. +It would be hard to carry all their things around the Falls. +The captains said, "We will make a cache here. +"We will put in the skins and plants and maps. +"We can get them all again when we are coming home." +The soldiers made two caches. +In these they hid all the things they could do without. +Without so much to carry, it would not be so hard to go around the +Falls. + + + + +dried dug ring sod +bot tom branch es earth sides + + +THE CACHE NEAR THE FALLS OF THE MISSOURI. + +To make a cache, the soldiers made a ring on the ground. +They took up the sod inside the ring. +They dug straight down for a foot. +They put dried branches on the bottom and at the sides of this hole. +They put dried skins over the branches. +Then they put their goods into the hole, or cache. +They put dried skins over the goods. +Then they put the earth in. +Then they put the sod on. +The ring did not look as if it had been dug up. +The Indians would not think to look there for goods. + + + + +bite fresh rat tle snakes +cure morn ing sev en teen + beat + + +HOW SACAJAWEA CURED RATTLESNAKE BITES. + +Near the Falls of the Missouri, the party met many rattlesnakes. +The snakes liked to lie in the sun on the river banks. +Some times they went up trees and lay on the branches. +One night Captain Lewis was sleeping under a tree. +In the morning he looked up through the tree. +He saw a big rattlesnake on a branch. +It was going to spring at him. +He caught his gun and killed it. +It had seventeen rattles. +Sometimes the soldiers had to go barefooted. +The snakes bit their bare feet. +Sacajawea knew how to cure the bite. +She took a root she called the rattlesnake root. +She beat it hard. +She opened the snake bite. +She tied the root on it. +She put fresh root on two times a day. +It cured the snake bite. +The root would kill a man if he should eat it, but it will cure a snake +bite. + + + + +ax les even hail tongues +bears e nough knocked wheels +griz zly cot ton wood mast wil low + + +GOING AROUND THE FALLS. + +The party had to go up a high hill to get around the Falls. +It would take too long to carry the canoes on their backs. +They could see only one big tree on the plains. +It was a cottonwood. +The soldiers cut it down. +They cut wheels and tongues from it. +The cottonwood is not hard enough for axles. +The soldiers cut up the mast of their big boat for axles. +They began to go up the hill. +In a little time the axles broke. +They put in willow axles. +Then the cottonwood tongues broke. +Then the men had to carry the goods on their backs. +It was very hot. +The mosquitoes and blow-flies bit them all the time. +The prickly pear hurt their feet. +It hurt them even through their moccasins. +If they drank water, they were ill. +One day it hailed hard. +The hail knocked some of the men down. +At night the grizzly bears took their food. + + + + +load point ed large safe +mouth roared fierce waist + + +GRIZZLY BEARS. + +After many hard days, they got all the goods to the top of the Falls. +The party saw many grizzly bears near the Falls. +They were the first white men to see the grizzly bear. +They found it a very large and very fierce bear. +One day Captain Lewis was out hunting. +He had killed a buffalo for dinner. +He turned around to load his gun again. +He saw a big bear coming after him. +It was only twenty feet away. +He did not have time to load his gun. +There was no tree near. +There was no rock near. +The river bank was not high. +Captain Lewis ran to the river. +The bear ran after him with open mouth. +It nearly caught him. +Captain Lewis ran into the river. +He turned around when the water was up to his waist. +He pointed his gun at the bear. +It stopped still. +Then it roared and ran away. +Captain Lewis did not know why the bear roared and ran, but he was glad +to be safe. + + +body de feat ed shoul der +brave ly ing angry + + +One day six of the soldiers saw a big bear lying on a little hill near +the river. +The six soldiers came near him. +They were all good shots. +Four shot at him. +Four balls went into his body. +He jumped up. +He ran at them with open mouth. +Then the two other men fired. +Their balls went into his body, too. +One ball broke his shoulder. +Still he ran at them. +The men ran to the river. +Two jumped into their canoe. +The others hid in the willows. +They loaded their guns as fast as they could. +They shot him again. +The shots only made him angry. +He came very near two of the men. +They threw away their guns and jumped down twenty feet into the river. +The bear jumped in after them. +He nearly caught the last one. +Then one soldier in the willows shot the bear in the head. +This shot killed him. +The soldiers pulled the bear out of the river. +They found eight balls in him. +They took his skin to show the captains. +They said he was a brave old bear. +They named a creek near-by for him. +They called it "The Brown-Bear-Defeated Creek." + + +be cause fright ened +climb kicked wait + + +One day a grizzly bear ran after a soldier. +The soldier tried to shoot the bear. +His gun would not go off. +The gun was wet because he had been in the river all day. +He ran to a tree. +He got to the tree just in time. +As the soldier climbed, he kicked the bear. +The grizzly bear can not climb a tree. +This grizzly sat at the foot of the tree to wait until the soldier would +come down. +The soldier called out loud. +Two other soldiers heard him. +They came running to help him. +They saw the man in the tree. +They saw the bear at the foot of the tree. +They shot off their guns and made a big noise. +The grizzly grew frightened. +It ran away. +Then the soldier came down from the tree. +He was glad that his friends had come to his help. + + + + +a ble beans su et +ba con dump lings played +a mused them selves shake + + +AT THE TOP OF THE FALLS. + +After the men had carried all the goods to the top of the Falls, they +made canoes to take them up the river. +They were camping at the top of the Falls on the Fourth of July, 1805. +Captain Lewis wrote that they had a good dinner that day. +He said they had as good as if they were at home. +They had "bacon, beans, buffalo meat, and suet dumplings." +After dinner a soldier played the fiddle. +Captain Lewis wrote: "Such as were able to shake a foot amused +themselves in dancing on the green." + + + + +burst fif teen ra vine +cloud clothes wave + + +THE CLOUD-BURST. + +One day Captain Clark took Sacajawea and her husband with him to look +over the top of the Falls. +Sacajawea's baby was in his basket on her back. +Captain Clark saw a black cloud. +He said, "It will rain soon. +Let us go into that ravine." +They sat under some big rocks. +Sacajawea took off the baby's basket and put it at her feet. +All the baby's clothes were in the basket. +Sacajawea took the baby in her lap. +It began to rain a little. +The rain did not get to them. +It rained harder. +Then the cloud burst just over the ravine. +The rain and hail made a big wave in the little ravine. +Captain Clark saw the wave coming. +He jumped up and caught his gun in his left hand. +With his right hand he pushed Sacajawea up the bank. +The wave was up to their waists. +They ran faster and got to the top of the bank. +Then the wave was fifteen feet high. +It made a big noise as it ran down the ravine. +Soon it would have caught them and carried them over the Falls. +It did carry away the baby's basket and his clothes, and Captain Clark's +compass. +The next day a soldier found the compass in the mud. + + + + +a live be stride min er als be gin ning +ra pid nar row source Co lum bia + + +AT THE SOURCE OF THE MISSOURI. + +When the canoes were ready, the party started up the river above the +Falls. +As they reached the mountains, the river grew narrow. +It was not deep, but it was rapid. +The soldiers had to pull the canoes with ropes. +The river did not run straight. +One day the men dragged the canoes twelve miles. +Then they were only four miles from where they had started. +They had to walk in the river all day. +Their feet were cut by the rocks. +They were ill from being wet so much. +It was hot in the day and cold at night. +They had no wood but willow. +They could not make a good fire. +But they had enough to eat. +Then the river grew very narrow. +The canoes could not go up it. +The soldiers put the canoes under water with rocks in them. +They made another cache. +In it they put skins, plants, seeds, minerals, maps, and some medicines. +Captain Lewis and some men went ahead. +They were looking for Indians. +They wanted to buy some horses. +After a time the river grew so narrow that a soldier put one foot on one +bank and his other foot on the other bank. +Then he said, "Thank God, I am alive to bestride the mighty Missouri." +Before this, people did not know where the Missouri began. +A little way off was the beginning of the mighty Columbia River. +The soldiers reached this place in August. +Captain Lewis was very happy as he drank some cold water from the +beginnings of these two rivers. +Captain Clark and the other men were coming behind. +Sacajawea was with them. +They had all the goods and walked slowly. + + + + +a nise grease pound +bread mixed pow der +hun gry mush roast ed +tastes um brel la yamp + + +SACAJAWEA FINDS ROOTS AND SEEDS. + +Far up on the Missouri, Sacajawea knew the plants that were good to +eat. +The captains and soldiers were glad that she did. +They had only a little corn left, and there were not many animals +near. +Sacajawea told Captain Clark all about the yamp plant, as her tribe knew +it. +It grew in wet ground. +It had one stem and deeply cut leaves. +Its stem and leaves were dark green. +It had an umbrella of white flowers at the top of the stem. +The Indian women watched the yamp until the stem dried up. +Then they dug for the roots. +The yamp root is white and hard. +The Indians eat it fresh or dried. +When it is dry, they pound it into a fine white powder. +The Indian women make the yamp powder into a mush. +Indian children like yamp mush as much as white children like candy. +It tastes like our anise seed. +The soldiers liked the yamp mush that Sacajawea made. +Sacajawea also made a sunflower mush. +She roasted sunflower seeds. +Then she pounded them into a powder and made a mush with hot water. +She made a good drink of the sunflower powder and cold water. +She mixed the sunflower powder with bear grease and roasted it on hot +rocks. +This made a bread the soldiers liked very much. +Without Sacajawea the soldiers would have been hungry. +They did not know the plants. +Some plants would kill them. +But Sacajawea knew those good to eat. + + + + +meet sang sucked +own short taken + +SACAJAWEA'S PEOPLE. + +One day near the head of the Missouri, Sacajawea stopped short as she +walked. +She looked hard to the West. +She saw far away some Indians on horseback. +She began to dance and jump. +She waved her arms. +She laughed and called out. +She turned to Captain Clark and sucked her fingers. +This showed that these Indians were her own people. +She ran ahead to meet them. +After a time a woman from the Indians ran out to meet Sacajawea. +When they came together, they put their arms around each other. +They danced together. +They cried together. +This woman had been Sacajawea's friend from the time when they were +babies. +She had been taken East by the same Indians that took Sacajawea. +On the way East she got away from these Indians. +She found her way home. +She had been afraid she would never see Sacajawea again. +Now they were happy to meet. +They danced and sang and cried and laughed with their arms around each +other. + + + + +broth er sent tied + sell shells + + +SACAJAWEA'S BROTHER. + +The party went with Sacajawea's people to their camp. +Captain Clark was taken to the chief's house. +The house was made of a ring of willows. +The chief put his arms about Captain Clark. +He made him sit on a white skin. +He tied in his hair six shells. +Each one then took off his moccasins. +Then they smoked without talking. +When they wanted to talk, they sent for Sacajawea. +She came into the house and sat down. +She looked at the chief. +She saw that he was her brother. +She jumped up and ran to him. +She threw her blanket over his head. +She cried aloud in joy. +He was glad to see her. +He did not cry nor jump. +He did not like to show that he was glad. +Sacajawea told him about the white men. +She said they wanted to go across the Rocky Mountains to the Big Water +in the West. +She did not know the way across the mountains. +The Indians could help them. +They could sell them horses and show them the way across the steep +mountain tops. + + +Ca me ah wa it kind + + +Sacajawea said the white men had many things the Indians would like. +If they found a good way over the mountains, the white men would send +these things to the Indians each summer. +Sacajawea said the white men were kind to her and her baby. +If they had not taken care of her when she was ill, she would not have +seen her brother again. +Her brother said he was glad that the white men had been kind to her. +He would help them over the mountains. +He would talk to his men about it. +He said to Captain Clark: "You have been kind to Sacajawea. +I am your friend until my days are over. +You shall own my house. +You shall sit on my blanket. +You shall have what I kill. +You shall bear my name. +My name belonged to me only, but now it is yours. +You are Cameahwait." +After that, all this tribe called Captain Clark "Cameahwait." + + + + +Ah hi e! death oars pleased +bought nev er sad dles + + +SACAJAWEA'S PEOPLE WILL SHOW THE WAY. + +Cameahwait told his people how good the white men were. +He told them what good things they had. +He said, "If we sell them horses and take them over the mountains, they +can get back soon. +No goods will come to us until they go back to their home. +If we do not help them, they cannot cross the mountains. +They do not know the way. +They cannot carry food enough. +They will meet death in the mountains. +Then we shall never get their goods. +Shall we help them, my brothers?" + +And the people said, "Ah hi e! Ah hi e!" +That means, "We are pleased." +They got horses to carry the goods. +They could not get enough horses to give the men to ride. +The captains bought a horse for Sacajawea to ride. +The soldiers made saddles from the oars tied together with pieces of +skins. +Then they started up the steep mountain. + + + + +heard must to-night slipped + + +THE INDIANS TRY TO LEAVE THE WHITES. + +When they were in the mountain tops, Sacajawea overheard some Indians +talking. +They said: "We do not want to go across the mountains with the whites. +We want to go down to the plains and hunt buffalo. +We are hungry here. +On the plains are many buffalo. +We must hunt them now for our winter food. +We do not care for the white men's goods. +Our fathers lived without their goods. +We can live without them. +We will go off to-night and leave them. +They will meet death in the mountains. +In the Spring we can come back and get their goods." + +Sacajawea went to Captain Lewis. +She told him what she had heard. +He called the chiefs together. +They smoked a pipe together. +Sacajawea slipped a piece of sugar into Cameahwait's hand. +As he sucked it, she said, "You will get this good thing from the white +men if you are friends with them." + + +gone land word +keep prom ise yes + + +Then Captain Lewis said, "Are you men of your word?" + +The Indians said, "Yes." + +He said, "Did you not promise to carry our goods over the mountains?" + +The Indians said, "Yes." + +"Then," he said, "why are you going to leave us now? +If you had not promised, we would have gone back down the Missouri. +Then no other white man would come to your land. +You wish the whites to be your friends. +You want them to give you goods. +You should keep you promise to them. +I will keep my promise to you. +You seem afraid to keep your promise." + +The chiefs said, "We are not afraid. +We will keep our promise." + +They sent out word to all their men to keep their promise. +Captain Lewis thanked Sacajawea. +If she had not told him, the Indians would have gone off in the night. +The whites would have been left in the steep Rocky Mountains with no +horses and no way of getting food. + + + + +stiff Pa cif ic O cean +melt sharp trip + + +CROSSING THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. + +The trip across the mountains was very hard. +The mountain tops were steep. +There was no road. +The ground was made of sharp rocks. +The horses slipped and fell down. +The men's feet were cut and black and blue. +It rained many days and snowed nights. +They had no houses. +Before they could start on each day, they had to melt the snow off their +goods. +The men grew stiff from the wet and the cold. +The only way they could get warm was to keep on walking. +They had little food. +They had only a little corn when they started across the mountains. +This was soon gone. +There were no animals, no fish, and no roots on the way. +They had to kill their horses. +They had only horsemeat to eat. +The soldiers grew sick. +Some could hardly stand. +But they did not want to turn back. +They knew the Indians could find the way down to the Columbia River. +Then they could get to the Pacific Ocean without the Indians. +So they went on. + + + + +sud den ly fun salm on watch + + +AT THE COLUMBIA RIVER. + +At last they got across the mountains and down on the Columbia River. +The Indians who had showed them the way went home again. +There were other Indians near the Columbia. +These Indians gave the men salmon and roots. +They ate so much that they were ill. +The captains and all the soldiers were ill. +But they started to make canoes to ride down the Columbia. +They did not get well. +So they bought some dogs. +They cooked the dogs and ate them. +For days they could eat only dog. +The Indians laughed at them for eating dog. +They said, "Dogs are good to watch the camp. +They are not good to eat. +We do not eat them. +What poor men these must be to eat dog!" +Suddenly the captains fired off their guns and a soldier played the +fiddle. +Then the Indians stopped laughing. +They had never heard a gun before. +They had never before heard a fiddle. +They thought the white men must be wonderful people to have guns and +fiddles. +They wished to be friends with such wonderful people. +So they did not make fun of them any more. + + + + +full grass stones + + +HOW THE INDIANS DRIED SALMON. + +The soldiers left their horses here on the Columbia River. +They asked the Indians to keep them until they should come back from the +West. +Then they started down the river in canoes. +On the Columbia, the party saw some Indians drying salmon. +They opened the fish. +Then they put it in the sun. +When it was well dried, they pounded it to powder between two stones. +Then they put it into a basket. +The basket was made of grass. +It had dried salmon skin inside. +The Indians pounded the powdered salmon down hard into the basket. +When a basket was full, they put dried salmon skin on the top. +Then the basket was put where it would keep dry. +The salmon powder would keep for years. +Only one tribe of Indians knew how to make it well. +The other tribes bought it from them. +All the tribes liked it. +The white men, too, liked it. + + + + +gath ered ar row head + sum mer wap pa to + pond toes + + +THE WAPPATO. + +The party found a root new to them on the lower Columbia. +The Indians called it wappato. +Captain Clark called it arrowhead. +The wappato grew all the year. +The Indian women gathered it. +A woman carried a light canoe to a pond. +She waded into the pond. +She put the canoe on the water. +With her toes she pulled up the wappato from the bottom of the pond. +The woman caught it and put it in the canoe. +She was in the water many hours, summer and winter. +When her canoe was full, she put it on her head and carried it home. +She roasted the wappato on hot stones. +It tasted very good. +The soldiers said it was the best root they had tasted. +The Indian women used to put some wappato in grass baskets and sell it +to the tribes up the river. + + + + +anx ious cheer ful view +break ing dis tinct ly shores + + +TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. + +The party went down the Columbia River in canoes. +It was a hard trip. +It rained all the time. +Each day the men were wet to the skin. +They had to carry their goods around some rapids. +They could not be very cheerful. +One day it stopped raining for a little time. +The low clouds went away. +The party saw that the river was very wide. +They rowed on. +Then they saw the great ocean lying in the sun. +They became very happy. +They cheered and laughed and sang. +They rowed on very fast. +Captain Lewis wrote in his book: +"Ocean in view! O! the joy! We are in VIEW of the Ocean, this great +Pacific Ocean, which we have been so long anxious to see. The noise made +by the waves breaking on the rocky shores may be heard distinctly." + + + + +half for got jour ney troub les + + +THE PACIFIC OCEAN. + +The party saw that they had come to the end of their journey. +They had come 4,134 miles from the mouth of the Missouri River. +It had taken them a year and a half to come. +But now they forgot their troubles. +They forgot the times they had been hungry. +They forgot their cut feet and their black and blue backs. +They forgot the bears and the snakes and the mosquitoes. +They saw the Pacific Ocean before them. +They sang because they were the first white men to make this journey. +They did not care for the troubles going back. +They knew that they could go home faster than they had come. +And they sang together, "The Ocean! The Ocean! O joy! O joy!" + + + + +beach blub ber line thun der +Clat sop salt whale sand + + +SACAJAWEA ON THE OCEAN BEACH. + +The party made a winter camp at the mouth of the Columbia River. +They called it Fort Clatsop. +The Indians near-by were the Clatsop tribe. +These Indians gave the whites some whale blubber. +They said that a whale was on the ocean beach. +Captain Clark and some men got ready to go to see it. +Sacajawea came to Captain Clark and said, "May I go, too? +I have come over the mountains with you to find the Great Water and I +have not been to it yet. +Now I would see the Big Animal and the Great Water, too." +Captain Clark was glad to have her go. +He wrote in his book that this was the only time she asked for anything. +She took her baby on her back and walked with Captain Clark. +When she got near the ocean, she was afraid. +The noise seemed to her like thunder. +She always had been afraid of thunder. +When she saw the waves, she was afraid they would come over the earth. +She had never before seen any big body of water. +She had seen only rivers and ponds. +The ocean looked very big. +She would not go near the waves. +Then Captain Clark showed her the high water line. +He told her that the waves would not go over that line. +She sat down on the sand with her baby in her lap. +She watched the waves a long time. +Then she was not afraid. +She walked out to the waves. +When they came to shore, she ran before them. +She let them come over her feet. +She took some ocean water in her hand and tasted it. +She did not like its salt taste. +But she did like to run after the waves. + + + + +bags oil wood en +eight y pork trough + + +THE WHALE. + +Captain Clark and his party walked all day before they came to where the +whale lay. +The waves had carried it up on the shore. +It was a very big animal. +It was longer than most houses. +It was eighty feet long. +The Indians were cutting it up. +They put the meat into a large wooden trough. +Then they put hot stones into the trough. +The hot stones melted out the oil. +The Indians put the oil into skin bags. +They used it to eat with roots and mush. +They did not wish to sell the oil. +But after a time, they did sell some oil to Captain Clark. +They sold him some blubber, too. +The blubber was white and looked like pork fat. +The soldiers cooked some and ate it. +They liked it very much. +Sacajawea was happy to see the whale. +She walked all around it. +She made her baby to look well at it. +She told him he might never see one again. +The baby did not care for the whale, but he laughed because Sacajawea +laughed. + + + + +beau ti ful robe sor ry +belt sea-ot ter wear + + +SACAJAWEA'S BELT. + +The Clatsop chief came to Fort Clatsop to see the captains. +He had on a robe made of two sea-otter skins. +The skins were the most beautiful the captains had yet seen. +They wanted the chief to sell the robe. +He did not want to sell it, as sea-otters are hard to get. +They said they would give him anything they had for it. +Still he would not sell it. +Sacajawea saw him looking at her blue bead belt. +She had made this belt from beads Captain Clark had given her. +She used to wear it all the time. +She said to the Clatsop chief, "Will you sell the robe for my belt?" +He said, "Yes, I will sell it for the chief beads." +The Indians called blue beads "chief beads." +Sacajawea thought a little time. +Then she gave her belt to him. +He put it around his neck. +He gave her his sea-otter robe. +She gave it to Captain Clark for a present. +She was sorry to give up her belt. +The captains had no more blue beads to give her to make another. +But she was glad to give Captain Clark the beautiful sea-otter skins. + + + + +boiled crust five pairs +burned filled kegs treat + + +AT FORT CLATSOP. + +At Fort Clatsop, the captains wrote in their books. +They wrote about all they had seen coming to the Pacific. +They wrote about things near Fort Clatsop. +They made maps of the land near the Missouri River, in the Rocky +Mountains, and on the banks of the Columbia. +Some of the men hunted. +They made the skins of animals into clothes and moccasins. +They made between three and four hundred pairs of moccasins. +They saved these to wear on the way home. +Five soldiers were sent down to the ocean beach to make salt. +Each had a big kettle. +They filled the kettles with ocean water. +They burned a fire under the kettles day and night. +In time, the water all boiled away. +A crust of salt was left on the inside of the kettles. +The soldiers gathered this salt into wooden kegs. +It took seven weeks to make enough salt for their journey home. +Captain Lewis wrote, "This salt was a great treat to many of the party." +He liked salt very much. +Captain Clark wrote that he did not care if he had salt or not. + + +hand ker chief un der wear wea sel +mer ry wak en wel come + + +On Christmas Day, 1805, the soldiers got up without making any noise. +They fired their guns all at one time to waken the captains. +Then they sang an old Christmas song. +Then they wished the captains "Merry Christmas." +They gave each other presents. +Captain Clark wrote that he had twelve weasel tails, some underwear, +some moccasins, and an Indian blanket for his Christmas presents. +He gave a handkerchief or some little present to each man. +There was no snow and no ice, but there was much rain. +The soldiers had to stay in their log fort all day. +They had only poor elk, poor roots, and some bad dried salmon for +dinner. +But they were cheerful. +They danced and sang into the night. +On New Year's Day, they fired their guns to welcome in the New Year. +They had more to eat than on Christmas Day. +The captains wrote, "Our greatest pleasure to-day is thinking about +New Year's, 1807. Then we shall be home." + + + + +game or der let ters stol en + + +THE START HOME. + +In March, the elk left the woods near Fort Clatsop. +The soldiers could not get enough to eat. +The captains said, "It is time to start home." +They bought a canoe with a soldier-coat and some little things. +They took another canoe from the Clatsops for some elk meat that the +Indians had stolen. +They had not many things left to get food and horses with on the way +home. +But their guns were in good order. +They had good powder and balls. +They could kill game on the way. +They cut up their big flag into five robes. +They could sell them robes for food. +The captains gave the Clatsops letters to give to any white men who +should come there. +These letters told about the party's trip out West. +They told how they were going back East. +The Clatsops promised to give these letters to the first white men who +should come. +Then the party said good-bye to the Clatsops. +This was in the month of March. +They started up the Columbia River, singing. +They were happy because they were going home. + + + + +awl nee dles skeins +Cho pun nish ounce thread +knit ting-pin rib bon ver mil ion + + +AT CAMP CHOPUNNISH. + +On the way up the Columbia, the soldiers killed game. +They gave some to the Indians for roots. +They came to the foot of the mountains in May. +There was too much snow then for them to cross +They made a camp near the Chopunnish Indians. +They called it Camp Chopunnish. +They sent out to get the horses they had left when camping there before. +They tried to get enough food to last them over the mountains. +Many of the Indians were ill. +Captain Clark gave them medicine. +They gave him food and horses for the medicine. +Captain Lewis talked with the Indian chiefs all day. +They promised to let some young Indians show the way over the mountains. +The captains gave each soldier some of their goods and sent him out to +get food. +Captain Lewis wrote that each man had "only one awl and one knitting- +pin, half an ounce of vermilion, two needles, a few skeins of thread, +and a yard of ribbon." +Two of the men took their goods with them in a canoe. +The canoe turned over. +They lost all their goods. +They just saved their lives. + + +bot tles bush els pris on ers' base +box es but tons raft ra ces + + +Two other men went up the river with their goods on a horse. +The horse slipped down a steep bank into the river. +He got safe to the bank across the river. +An Indian made him swim back to the two soldiers. +On the way, most of the goods were lost. +The paint melted, and the horse's back was all red. +The Indians on the bank across the river saw what the soldiers wanted. +They loaded some roots and bread on a raft. +They tried to cross to the soldiers. +A high wind sent the raft on a rock. +The raft turned over. +The roots and bread were lost. +Then the captains and men felt unhappy. +They cut the buttons from their clothes. +They gathered up all the bottles and medicine boxes they had. +With these things, two soldiers went out to get food. +They got three bushels of roots and some bread. +The other men hunted. +They dried some meat, and gave some to the Indians for roots. +They became good friends with the Chopunnish Indians. +They used to run fast races together. +Both soldiers and Indians could run fast. +The soldiers took sides and played prisoners' base. + + + + +ear ly sec ond fold ed +means Yo me kol lick la ter + + +OVER THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS GOING HOME. + +The party wanted to start over the mountains in early June. +The Indians were not ready to go with them then. +The party started to go without the Indians. +They could not find food for the horses. +There was snow all over the ground. +They had to turn back and camp where there was grass. +A week later the Indians were ready to go with them. +They started a second time. +The Indians showed them the way. +They found food for the horses each night. +The trip across the mountains was not so hard as it had been the year +before. +Now the snow covered all the sharp rocks. +The snow was so hard that the horses could walk on it. +Now they had enough food. +All the men had horses. +They went many miles each day. +All were happy. +One of the Indians liked Captain Lewis so much that he gave him his +name, "Yomekollick." + +[Illustration: YOMEKOLLICK] + +This means "White Bear-skin Folded." +The Indians thought their names were the best thing they could give to +any one. + + + + +dif fer ent di vide ser vice third +good-bye south Yel low stone + + +EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AGAIN. + +Before they left the mountains, the captains said: + +"We will divide our party. +Then we can go different ways. +Then we shall see more of the country east of the Rocky Mountains." + +So Captain Lewis and nine men started in a straight line to the Falls of +the Missouri. +Captain Clark and the others went more to the South. +Sacajawea went with Captain Clark. +The two parties promised to meet again down on the Missouri. +They said good-bye to each other on July third. +On the next day, Captain Clark wrote that they had a good Fourth of July +dinner. +They had fat deer and roots. +Then they went on until time to sleep. +They had no time to dance now. +They were going home. +Captain Lewis and his men pushed on all day. +He did not write that they thought of the Fourth of July. +Captain Clark sent ten men down the Missouri River the way they had +come West. +He went with Sacajawea and ten other men across to the Yellowstone +River. +Sacajawea found the way for him. +She also found roots good to eat. +Captain Clark wrote that she was of "great service" to him. +Captain Clark's party went down the Yellowstone River to the Missouri +River. +Here they met two white men. +These were the first white men besides themselves that they had seen for +a year and four months. +They were glad to hear news from the East. +Soon after they met these white men, Captain Lewis and the other +soldiers came down to them. +This was in August. +Captain Lewis had been shot by one of his best men. +The man thought that Captain Lewis was an elk, because his clothes were +brown. +The man was very sorry for having shot him. +Captain Lewis soon got well. +The soldiers were happy to be together again. +They forgot their troubles. +They went down the Missouri, singing. + +[Illustration: THE WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE AS DRAWN BY CAPTAIN LEWIS IN HIS +JOURNAL] + +They were glad they had gone West. +They had taken the country for the Americans. +They had made friends with the Indians. +They knew where food could be found. +They knew about the animals and plants. +Now other people could find the way from the maps the captains had made. + + + +dol lars vil lage + + +SACAJAWEA SAYS GOOD-BYE TO THE SOLDIERS. + +Sacajawea's husband would not go to the captains' home. +He wanted to live with the Mandans. + +[Illustration: A MANDAN EARTH LODGE] + +So Sacajawea had to say good-bye to the soldiers. +The captains gave her husband five hundred dollars. +They did not give Sacajawea any money. +In those days, people did not think of paying women. +All the party were sorry to leave Sacajawea and the baby. +Sacajawea was sorry to stay behind. +She stood on the bank of the river watching the soldiers as long as she +could see them. +The soldiers went down the Missouri to its mouth. +When they saw the village there, they fired off all their guns. +The people came out to see them and cheered that they were home again. + + + + +Cen ten nial Port land Or e gon +for est ry build ing not ed +fair hon or stat ue suc cess + + +THE CENTENNIAL. + +The American people have always been glad that Lewis and Clark made this +long, hard journey. +That was just one hundred years ago. +In this year of 1905, the American people are holding a centennial fair +in honor of the Lewis and Clark journey. +The Fair is at Portland, Oregon, because Lewis and Clark reached the +Pacific Ocean in Oregon. +At the Fair, there is a statue of Sacajawea and her baby. +This statue is put there because Lewis and Clark wrote in their books: +"The wonderful Bird-Woman did a full man's share to make the trip a +success, besides taking care of her baby. She was one of the best of +mothers." +Some day, you can read these books for yourself, and learn more about +Sacajawea and Captains Lewis and Clark. + +[Illustration: THE FORESTRY BUILDING, LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL] + +The forestry building is made from the large trees for which Oregon is +noted. +Fort Clatsop was built from the large trees of Oregon, too, but the +soldiers did not know how to make such a fine building as this one +hundred years ago. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Bird-Woman of the Lewis and Clark +Expedition, by Katherine Chandler + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BIRD-WOMAN *** + +This file should be named 5742.txt or 5742.zip + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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