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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index 6833f05..d7b82bc 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -* text=auto -*.txt text -*.md text +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf @@ -1,49 +1,5 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals -by Immanuel Kant -(#2 in our series by Immanuel Kant) +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 5682 *** -Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the -copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing -this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. - -This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project -Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the -header without written permission. - -Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the -eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is -important information about your specific rights and restrictions in -how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a -donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. - - -**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** - -**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** - -*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** - - -Title: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals - -Author: Immanuel Kant - -Release Date: May, 2004 [EBook #5682] -This file was first posted on August 7, 2002 -Last Updated: September 30, 2016 - -Edition: 10 - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS *** - - - - -This eBook was prepared by Matthew Stapleton. @@ -783,7 +739,7 @@ wants and inclinations, so that it may escape from the perplexity of opposite claims and not run the risk of losing all genuine moral principles through the equivocation into which it easily falls. Thus, when practical reason cultivates itself, there insensibly arises -in it a dialetic which forces it to seek aid in philosophy, just as +in it a dialectic which forces it to seek aid in philosophy, just as happens to it in its theoretic use; and in this case, therefore, as well as in the other, it will find rest nowhere but in a thorough critical examination of our reason. @@ -3117,321 +3073,4 @@ the very limit of human reason. THE END - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS *** - -This file should be named 5682.txt or 5682.zip - -Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US -unless a copyright notice is included. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END* - +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 5682 *** diff --git a/5682-h.zip b/5682-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8c0c304..0000000 --- a/5682-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/5682-h/5682-h.htm b/5682-h/5682-h.htm index e3b3d0f..be16f27 100644 --- a/5682-h/5682-h.htm +++ b/5682-h/5682-h.htm @@ -1,17 +1,14 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html> -<!DOCTYPE html - PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > - -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<html lang="en"> <head> - <meta content="pg2html (binary v0.17)" name="linkgenerator" /> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta content="pg2html (binary v0.17)" name="linkgenerator" > <title> - Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic Of Morals, by Immanuel Kant + Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic Of Morals | Project Gutenberg </title> - <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> - body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + <style> + body { margin:5%; text-align:justify} P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em; } H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} @@ -55,63 +52,7 @@ </style> </head> <body> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fundamental Principles ofthe Metaphysic -of Morals by Immanuel Kant (#2 in our series by Immanuel Kant) - -Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the -copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing -this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. - -This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project -Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the -header without written permission. - -Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the -eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is -important information about your specific rights and restrictions in -how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a -donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. - - -**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** - -**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** - -*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** - - -Title: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals - -Author: Immanuel Kant - -Release Date: May, 2004 [EBook #5682] -This file was first posted on August 7, 2002 -Last Updated: December 10, 2018 - - -Edition: 10 - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS *** - - - - -Etext prepared by Matthew Stapleton - -HTML file produced by David Widger - - - -</pre> - <div style="height: 8em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> - </div> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 5682 ***</div> <h1> FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS </h1> @@ -125,11 +66,11 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger Translated by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott </h4> <p> - <br /> + <br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <br /> + <br > </p> <p> <b>CONTENTS</b> @@ -184,14 +125,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger <a href="#link2H_4_0013"> CONCLUDING REMARK </a> </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_PREF" id="link2H_PREF"> </a> + <a id="link2H_PREF"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> PREFACE @@ -417,14 +358,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger of the pure practical reason. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0002" id="link2H_4_0002"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0002"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> FIRST SECTION—TRANSITION FROM THE COMMON RATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF @@ -716,7 +657,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger and consequently the maxim * that I should follow this law even to the thwarting of all my inclinations. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * A maxim is the subjective principle of volition. The objective principle (i.e., that which would also serve subjectively as a practical principle to all rational beings @@ -738,7 +679,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger who acts accordingly, and we have not to wait for it to appear first in the result. * </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * It might be here objected to me that I take refuge behind the word respect in an obscure feeling, instead of giving a distinct solution of the question by a concept of the @@ -908,20 +849,20 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger perplexity of opposite claims and not run the risk of losing all genuine moral principles through the equivocation into which it easily falls. Thus, when practical reason cultivates itself, there insensibly arises in - it a dialetic which forces it to seek aid in philosophy, just as happens + it a dialectic which forces it to seek aid in philosophy, just as happens to it in its theoretic use; and in this case, therefore, as well as in the other, it will find rest nowhere but in a thorough critical examination of our reason. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0003" id="link2H_4_0003"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0003"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> SECOND SECTION—TRANSITION FROM POPULAR MORAL PHILOSOPHY TO THE @@ -1077,7 +1018,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger public, which wishes for popular treatment, to await the issue of this undertaking. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * Just as pure mathematics are distinguished from applied, pure logic from applied, so if we choose we may also distinguish pure philosophy of morals (metaphysic) from @@ -1107,7 +1048,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger under any principle, which lead to good only by mere accident and very often also to evil. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * I have a letter from the late excellent Sulzer, in which he asks me what can be the reason that moral instruction, although containing much that is convincing for the reason, @@ -1213,7 +1154,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger of this or that one, and not as a principle of reason, which holds for every one. * </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * The dependence of the desires on sensations is called inclination, and this accordingly always indicates a want. The dependence of a contingently determinable will on @@ -1318,7 +1259,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger the action is not commanded absolutely, but only as means to another purpose. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * The word prudence is taken in two senses: in the one it may bear the name of knowledge of the world, in the other that of private prudence. The former is a man's ability to @@ -1358,7 +1299,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger welfare), the third moral (belonging to free conduct generally, that is, to morals). </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * It seems to me that the proper signification of the word pragmatic may be most accurately defined in this way. For sanctions are called pragmatic which flow properly not from @@ -1490,7 +1431,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger of this kind, it may readily be supposed that the difficulty will be no less with the practical. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * I connect the act with the will without presupposing any condition resulting from any inclination, but a priori, and therefore necessarily (though only objectively, i.e., @@ -1520,7 +1461,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger maxim of the action should conform to a universal law, and it is this conformity alone that the imperative properly represents as necessary. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * A maxim is a subjective principle of action, and must be distinguished from the objective principle, namely, practical law. The former contains the practical rule set by @@ -1553,7 +1494,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger into duties to ourselves and ourselves and to others, and into perfect and imperfect duties. * </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * It must be noted here that I reserve the division of duties for a future metaphysic of morals; so that I give it here only as an arbitrary one (in order to arrange my @@ -1736,7 +1677,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger in it, only not like virtue to one who has once beheld her in her true form. * </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * To behold virtue in her proper form is nothing else but to contemplate morality stripped of all admixture of sensible things and of every spurious ornament of reward or self- @@ -1842,7 +1783,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger in every case as an end withal, never as means only. We will now inquire whether this can be practically carried out. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * This proposition is here stated as a postulate. The ground of it will be found in the concluding section. </pre> @@ -1879,7 +1820,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger to be esteemed also as ends, that is, as beings who must be capable of containing in themselves the end of the very same action. * </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * Let it not be thought that the common "quod tibi non vis fieri, etc." could serve here as the rule or principle. For it is only a deduction from the former, though with several @@ -1978,7 +1919,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger imperative which it obeys are unconditional, since they cannot be based on any interest. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * I may be excused from adducing examples to elucidate this principle, as those which have already been used to elucidate the categorical imperative and its formula would @@ -2158,7 +2099,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger one and the same action under the three specified conceptions, and thereby as far as possible to bring it nearer to intuition. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * Teleology considers nature as a kingdom of ends; ethics regards a possible kingdom of ends as a kingdom nature. In the first case, the kingdom of ends is a theoretical idea, @@ -2286,14 +2227,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger same legislation. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0004" id="link2H_4_0004"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0004"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> The Autonomy of the Will as the Supreme Principle of Morality @@ -2317,14 +2258,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger is neither more nor less than this very autonomy. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0005" id="link2H_4_0005"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0005"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> Heteronomy of the Will as the Source of all spurious Principles of @@ -2354,14 +2295,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger cannot be comprehended as a universal law in one and the same volition. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0006" id="link2H_4_0006"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0006"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> Classification of all Principles of Morality which can be founded on the @@ -2408,7 +2349,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger and esteem we have for her and does not, as it were, tell her to her face that we are not attached to her by her beauty but by profit. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * I class the principle of moral feeling under that of happiness, because every empirical interest promises to contribute to our well-being by the agreeableness that a @@ -2511,28 +2452,28 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger sufficient for our purpose. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0007" id="link2H_4_0007"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0007"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> THIRD SECTION—TRANSITION FROM THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS TO THE CRITIQUE OF PURE PRACTICAL REASON </h2> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0008" id="link2H_4_0008"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0008"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> The Concept of Freedom is the Key that explains the Autonomy of the Will @@ -2588,14 +2529,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger required. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0009" id="link2H_4_0009"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0009"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> Freedom must be presupposed as a Property of the Will of all Rational @@ -2630,7 +2571,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger must therefore in a practical point of view be ascribed to every rational being. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * I adopt this method of assuming freedom merely as an idea which rational beings suppose in their actions, in order to avoid the necessity of proving it in its theoretical aspect @@ -2642,14 +2583,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger presses on the theory. </pre> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0010" id="link2H_4_0010"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0010"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> Of the Interest attaching to the Ideas of Morality @@ -2832,14 +2773,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger at the same time to the world of understanding. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0011" id="link2H_4_0011"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0011"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> How is a Categorical Imperative Possible? @@ -2917,14 +2858,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger member of the world of sense. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0012" id="link2H_4_0012"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0012"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> Of the Extreme Limits of all Practical Philosophy. @@ -3115,7 +3056,7 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger exercises on the will, the objective principle of which is furnished by reason alone. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> * Interest is that by which reason becomes practical, i.e., a cause determining the will. Hence we say of rational beings only that they take an interest in a thing; @@ -3229,14 +3170,14 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger to the maxims of freedom as if they were laws of nature. </p> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <a name="link2H_4_0013" id="link2H_4_0013"> </a> + <a id="link2H_4_0013"> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CONCLUDING REMARK @@ -3274,334 +3215,8 @@ HTML file produced by David Widger THE END </h3> <div style="height: 6em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br ><br ><br > </div> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS *** - -This file should be named 5682-h.htm or 5682-h.zip - -Etext prepared by Matthew Stapleton - -HTML file produced by David Widger - -Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US -unless a copyright notice is included. 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