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diff --git a/old/56292-0.txt b/old/56292-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2e0d370..0000000 --- a/old/56292-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5649 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Kultur in Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Kultur in Cartoons - With accompanying notes by well-known English writers - -Author: Louis Raemaekers - -Release Date: January 2, 2018 [EBook #56292] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KULTUR IN CARTOONS *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, Chuck Greif and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - - - KULTUR IN CARTOONS - - - - - KULTUR - - IN - - CARTOONS - - BY - - LOUIS RAEMAEKERS - - WITH ACCOMPANYING NOTES BY - WELL-KNOWN ENGLISH WRITERS - - _A Companion Volume to “Raemaekers’ Cartoons” - Published 1916, and now issued by - The Century Co._ - - [Illustration] - - NEW YORK - - THE CENTURY CO. - - 1917 - - - Copyright, 1917, by - - THE CENTURY CO. - - - _Published October 1917_ - - - - - _Publishers’ Announcement_ - - -Purchasers of “Kultur in Cartoons” may be interested to know that this -present work is a companion volume to “Raemaekers’ Cartoons,” issued in -1916. “Raemaekers’ Cartoons” includes many of the artist’s earlier work, -dealing particularly with the Belgian inferno. The two volumes are alike -in size and form, and together constitute a thoroughly representative -collection of Raemaekers’ drawings. - -THE CENTURY CO. - - - - - _Foreword_ - - BY - - J. MURRAY ALLISON - - -A year has passed since the first volume of Raemaekers’ work -(“Raemaekers’ Cartoons,” Century Co.), was published in the United -States. - -At that time Raemaekers was practically unknown in this country, just as -he was unknown in England and France until January, 1916, when his work -was first exhibited in the British Capital. - -The story of Raemaekers’ reception in London and Paris has been written -in the introduction to “Raemaekers’ Cartoons.” - -When his cartoons began to reach America toward the end of 1916 this -country was neutral. It is with peculiar satisfaction, therefore, that I -base this brief foreword upon press extracts published prior to -America’s participation in the war. - -If it were possible to discover to-day an individual who was entirely -ignorant as to the causes and conduct of the war, he would, after an -inspection of a hundred or more of these cartoons, probably utter his -conviction somewhat as follows: “I do not believe that these drawings -have the slightest relation to the truth; I do not believe that it is -possible for such things to happen in the twentieth century.” He would -be quite justified, in his ignorance of what has happened in Europe, in -expressing such an opinion, just as any of us, with the possible -exception of the disciples of Bernhardi himself, would have been -justified in expressing a similar view in July, 1914. - -What is the view of all informed people to-day? “To Raemaekers the war -is not a topic, or a subject for charity. It is a vivid heartrending -reality,” says the New York “Evening Post,” “and you come away from the -rooms where his cartoons now hang so aware of what war is that mental -neutrality is for you a horror. If you have slackened in your -determination to find out, these cartoons are a slap in the face. -Raemaekers drives home a universal point that concerns not merely -Germans, but every country where royal decrees have supreme power. Shall -one man ever be given the power to seek his ends, using the people as -his pawns? We cannot look at the cartoons and remain in ignorance of -exactly what is the basis of truth on which they are built.” - -The “Philadelphia American” likens Raemaekers to a sensitized plate upon -which the spirit which brought on the war has imprinted itself forever, -and adds: “What he gives out on that subject is as pitilessly true as a -photograph. They look down upon us in their naked truth, those pictures -which are to be, before the judgment-seat of history, the last -indictment of the German nation. Of all impressions, there is one which -will hold you in its inexorable grip: it is that Louis Raemaekers has -told you the truth.” - -This aspect of his appeal is insisted upon by “Vanity Fair,” thus: “That -each cartoon is a grim, merciless portrayal of the truth will be -apparent to even the meanest intelligence.” The same journal refers to -the almost uncanny power of prophecy suggested by many of the pictures. -“That they are conceived in a mighty brain and drawn by a skilled hand -will be recognized by a sophisticated minority. But only those capable -of deeper probing will see that each one is in itself an elemental drama -of compelling significance and power, heightened in many cases by -prophecy and suggestion.” - -The “Philadelphia Public Ledger” refers particularly to Raemaekers’ -prophetic instinct. “Here, indeed, is revealed the work not only of one -who has the artistic imagination to pictorialize the savagery of the -Kaiser and his obedient servants, and to caricature in a manner that -leaves nothing unsaid in the way of sinister presentation of evil -things, but the work of one who is distinctly a seer. Moreover, the -cartoons have been verified by subsequent events, though they seemed to -some at the time to be the bitter and ironical casual comment on things -most believed could never happen to modern civilization, and have that -insight that only a special inspiration and inner illumination could -give.” - -It is this obvious sincerity, this conviction on the part of the -beholder that Raemaekers is telling the simple truth and telling it -simply that gives his work its greatest value as a revelation of the -German purpose, and as an indictment of German methods of warfare and -the German practice of statecraft. - -The “Louisville Herald” finds it “impossible to do justice to these -remarkable drawings, this terrific gallery, impossible to estimate at -this distance the power and pressure of the indictment,” while the -“Baltimore Sun” goes so far as to claim that “no orator in any tongue -has so stirred the human soul to unspeakable pity and implacable wrath -as this Dutch artist in the universal language which his pencil knows -how to speak. Those who have forgotten the _Lusitania_ and the -innumerable tragedies in Belgium should avoid Raemaekers. They who look -at his work can never forget, can never wholly forgive.” - -The “Washington Star” thinks that his cartoons should not be taken -merely as dealing with events of the conflict, “but with principles.” -The writer proceeds: “To Germany and to Austria is upheld a mirror in -which are reflected those crimes for which neither will be able to make -full redress. There is no touch of vulgarity or hatred in his work, save -that which comes from righteous indignation against foul crimes and the -vulgarity of the thing itself.” - -In appraising the value of Raemaekers’ cartoons purely as political -documents, as historic records of crimes and barbarities which the -civilized world must not be permitted to forget lest the horrors of the -past three years descend upon us again, their purely artistic appeal is -frequently ignored or forgotten, but not always. “Raemaekers is an -artist,” says the “Boston Globe.” “He tells his story simply, eliminates -all unnecessary detail, knows the dramatic value of light and shade, and -draws a single figure cartoon with as much impressive suggestiveness as -he does a crowd.” The “Providence Journal” acclaims him as a great -artist to whose hand has been given the touch of immortality. “Like many -geniuses,” continues the “Journal,” “this Dutch artist awaited the -occasion in human affairs to awaken the power which he may not even have -been aware of possessing. It took a titanic force to stir his -conscience and that conscience, once stirred, leaped into aspiring -activity to the service of mankind.” Particular stress is laid by the -“Boston Transcript” on the artistic merit of the drawings. Comparing him -to Honoré Daumier, the great French cartoonist of the Franco-Prussian -War, the “Post” is of opinion that Raemaekers is the one artistic -personality whose genius has been developed by the stimulus of the war. -“If the measure of the influence wielded by a cartoonist is the extent -and intensity of emotion aroused by his work, then possibly there has -never been a cartoonist in the history of the world who can have -compared with Raemaekers. The inspiration of his pictorial polemics is a -hearty and profound and righteous indignation, a motive which is of -first-rate artistic worth, and which is shared by all the civilized -world. What strikes the mind in looking upon these cartoons is the -Dantesque quality of the artist’s passion and imagination.” The -“Transcript” concludes a remarkable appreciation of the cartoons with -the following words: “He guides the spirit and the conscience of the -world to-day through an inferno of wrong.” - - - - - _List of Cartoons_ - - - PAGE - -THE ZEPPELIN RAIDER 2 - -THE EXHUMATION OF THE MARTYRS OF AERSCHOT 4 - -THE OLD SERB 6 - -THE “LUSITANIA” NIGHTMARE 8 - -“FANCY, HOW NICE!” 10 - -THE LAODICEANS 12 - -“A PITIFUL EXODUS” 14 - -“DEATH THE FRIEND” 16 - -A HIGHER PILE 18 - -PEACE REIGNS AT DINANT 20 - -HUMANITY _vs._ KULTUR 22 - -THE BILL 24 - -“YOU NEED NOT STORM THIS PLACE” 26 - -HOHENZOLLERN MADNESS 28 - -“MY MASTER ASKS YOU TO LOOK AFTER THESE DOVES” 30 - -FAMINE IN BELGIUM 32 - -POOR OLD THING 34 - -GERMANY AND THE NEUTRALS 36 - -THOSE HORRIBLE BRITONS 38 - -DR. KUYPER TO GERMANY 40 - -THE KAISER’S DIPLOMACY 42 - -CAIN 44 - -THE COUNTER-ATTACK AT DOUAUMONT 46 - -THE MORNING PAPER 48 - -“AND SUCH A BRAVE ZEPP HE WAS” 50 - -FLYING OVER HOLLAND 52 - -“IF THEY DON’T INCREASE THEIR ARMY” 54 - -RELIGION AND PATRIOTISM 56 - -THE PRISONERS 58 - -“WELL, MY FRIEND” 60 - -“HOW QUIET IT MUST BE IN THE ENGLISH HARBORS BLOCKADED BY OUR FLEET” 62 - -THE BRIGANDS 64 - -IT LOOKS SO IN SERBIA 66 - -VICTORY BY IMPOSTURE 68 - -SHELL-MAKING 70 - -ANOTHER AUSTRALIAN SUCCESS 72 - -THE SEA THE PATH OF VICTORY 74 - -BALAAM AND HIS ASS 76 - -A GENUINE DUTCHMAN 78 - -ANOTHER VICTORY FOR THE GERMANS 80 - -SUBMARINE “BAGS” 82 - -WITHIN THE PINCERS 84 - -GERMAN POISON 86 - -THE ORGANIZATION OF VICTORY BY IMPOSTURE 88 - -WITTENBERG 90 - -THE BROKEN ALLIANCE 92 - -THE SHOWER-BATH 94 - -THE ANNIVERSARY BOUQUET 96 - -THE STRANDED SUBMARINE 98 - -HEROD’S NIGHTMARE 100 - -“MY BELOVED PEOPLE” 102 - -ON THEIR WAY TO VERDUN 104 - -BETHMANN-HOLLWEG’S PEACE SONG 106 - -A GERMAN “VICTORY” 108 - -“WAITING” 110 - -THE KAISER AS A DIPLOMATIST 112 - -HUN HYPOCRISY 114 - -THE PRUSSIAN GUARD 116 - -GREEK TREACHERY 118 - -THE WORLD’S JUDGMENT SEAT 120 - -THE KAISER’S CRY FOR PEACE 122 - -TIT FOR TAT 124 - -FORCED LABOR IN GERMANY 126 - -THE FALL OF THE CHILD-SLAYER 128 - -THE CLIMBER 130 - -CULTURE AT WITTENBERG 132 - -THE “CIVILIANS” 134 - -TWO PEALS OF THUNDER 136 - -A UNIVERSAL CONSCIENCE 138 - -JOAN OF ARC AND ST. GEORGE 140 - -THE BRINGERS OF HAPPINESS 142 - -THE OLD POILU 144 - -HUMANITY TORPEDOED 146 - -THE SUPER-HOOLIGANS 148 - -BEFORE THE FALL 150 - -THE SHIRKERS 152 - -FOR MERIT 154 - -DUTY _vs._ MILITARISM 156 - -THE TROUBADOUR 158 - -SEE THE CONQUERING HERO COMES 160 - -BELGIUM 162 - -THE GIANT’S TASK 164 - -“I MUST HAVE SOMETHING FOR MY TROUBLE” 166 - -“CINEMA CHOCOLATE” 168 - -THE DOCTRINE OF EXPEDIENCY 170 - -MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS 172 - -POUNDING AUSTRIA 174 - -DURCHHALTEN--“HOLD OUT” 176 - -THE SATYR OF THE SEA 178 - -WAR COUNCIL WITH FERDINAND AND ENVER PASHA 180 - -THE BURIAL OF PRIVATE WALKER 182 - -THE SUPREME EFFORT 184 - -“WER REITET SO SPÄT DURCH NACHT UND WIND? -DAS IST DER VATER MIT SEINEM KIND” 186 - -THE VOICES OF THE GUNS 188 - -THE DEATH’S-HEAD HUSSAR 190 - -THE “FRANC-TIREUR” EXCUSE 192 - -THE ENTRY INTO CONSTANTINOPLE 194 - -“COME AWAY, MY DEAR!” 196 - -THE “HARMLESS” GERMAN 198 - -THE PROPAGANDIST IN HOLLAND 200 - -TETANUS 202 - -SHAKSPERE’S TERCENTENARY 204 - -NOBODY SEES ME 206 - -THE ORIENT EXPRESS 208 - -THE BLOOMERSDYK 210 - -THE “U” BOATS OFF THE AMERICAN COAST 212 - -TO THE PEACE WOMAN 214 - -THE WOLF BLEATS 216 - -STRICT NEUTRALITY 218 - - - - - _Kultur in Cartoons_ - - - - -_The Zeppelin Raider_ - - -This cartoon is not in the least allegorical, and it is far less -terrible than the reality. For the simple reason is that children torn -to pieces by high explosives are far more horrible to look at than -children with their throats cut. - -Had these blood cartoons of Raemaekers been published in the spring of -1914, the artist would have been considered a maniac. - -But in the spring of 1916 we know him to be a man portraying the truth, -giving us the doings of the German Emperor and his satellites in colored -pictures, and a very mild interpretation of them at that. For it is a -fact that no man could bear to look at or consider the real truth of -what William of Germany has done through the hands of others, of the -horrors that he has committed against women who cannot here accuse him, -against children of whose very names he knows nothing. - -But their accusations are heard and their names remembered by those -whose eternal business it is to hear and record, and the silence of -those civilized nations who have said nothing before the doings of the -infamous One has spoken where silence is heard as well as speech. - -Just as St. Paul stood by in silence at the martyrdom of St. Stephen, so -have they stood at the martyrdom of these Innocents, and just as he -uttered that lamentable cry in the Temple of Jerusalem, so will they cry -in his very words, but without his justification of holiness: - - “I stood by and consented.” - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Exhumation of the Martyrs of Aerschot_ - - -Read here a few sentences from the sworn and sifted testimony of -witnesses who saw what happened at Aerschot in August, 1914. - -“When the war broke out a German whom I knew well by sight had been -living at Aerschot some three years. He had no apparent occupation, but -lived on his means in a small house. Occasionally he was away for some -time. On the outbreak of war he was expelled from Belgium. He came back -with the German troops and pointed out to them all houses and other -property belonging to the burgomaster, and the Germans destroyed it all. -Many civilians in Aerschot were killed by the Germans. I myself saw some -forty dead bodies, including three women. They had been shot.... In one -house the wife of a man whom I know well was burned alive. Her husband -broke both legs while attempting to rescue her.... The Germans with -their rifles prevented anyone going to help this man, and he had to drag -himself along the street, with his legs broken, as best he could....” - -“I saw some German infantry soldiers kill with bayonets two women who -were standing on their doorsteps....” - -“There we saw a whole street burning.... We heard children and beasts -crying in the flames.” - -“The Germans deliberately fired beyond us at four women, a child of 11 -or 12 years of age, an infant of six months (about) and four other -children who were clinging to their mothers’ skirts. The infant was in -its mother’s arms, and was riddled with shot, which passed through it -into the mother’s body. While she was trying to crawl into safety on her -knees the Germans still fired at her until she died.” - -“I saw the body of a little boy about 6½ or 7 years of age, with four -bayonet wounds in it. It was stiff and propped against a wall.” - -“The first thing we saw was the body of a young girl of about 18 to 20, -absolutely naked, with her abdomen cut open. Her body was also covered -with bruises.... About a kilometer farther on I saw the body of a little -boy, aged 8 or 9, with his head completely cut off. The head was some -distance from the trunk.” - -These simple phrases, and hundreds more like them, plain to read in the -book of evidence, make a better commentary than any I could write on -this drawing. There are, indeed, many passages more terrible, such as -the tale of the unspeakable treatment of the priest, dragged into -Aerschot from the neighboring village of Gelrode. And I turn from -reading such things to an English newspaper, wherein is the report of -the speech of a person at a great gathering of people interested in -coöperative trading--a person who hopes, after the war, to “take by the -hand” the creatures guilty of these infamies. It has been my experience -to know many sad blackguards in the worst parts of London, but I cannot -remember one who could fall as low as that. To find such we must search -the smuggeries and the priggeries and the Fellowships of Reconciliation. - -ARTHUR MORRISON. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Old Serb_ - - -The calculated brutality of German and Austrian “frightfulness,” its -cowardice and cold-blooded evil, are already familiar to all impartial -students of Teutonic warfare. But a Nation that has consented to its own -slavery cannot value freedom, or be supposed to respect the life or -liberty of the innocent and weak. With her neck under Prussia’s heel, -tamed Germany strives in word and deed to reflect the spirit of her -masters, and so far succeeds that she can contemplate the atrocities of -this war with satisfaction, and from pulpit, school, and press applaud -each new manifestation in turn. Blind obedience to command has brought -the Germans to a state where even their thinking is done for them; they -grovel before the brute power that drives them and kiss and sanctify the -bloody hands that hold the whip. - -Luther said the justification of liberty was that man could only truly -serve God and his fellow-man if freedom of choice of means were -permitted to him. The German of to-day relinquishes that freedom and is -content to be herded under a political system that denies him his -independent manhood. He sacrifices responsibility and liberty alike to a -race which he still suffers to inherit the privilege of directing his -State; he prostitutes his own reasoning faculties and ignores the -evolution of morals by applauding Prussia’s reactionary ideals at the -expense of every modern movement for the progress of humanity. He knows -the right and does the wrong--a willing slave to an archaic autocracy. -Thus servile obedience to physical power is the noblest principle that -United Germany has yet attained, and the consequences permeate the -people in a spiritual indifference to elementary honor displayed alike -on her battlefields and in her council chambers. - -The lie is accepted as her first diplomatic weapon; “frightfulness” is -developed as an invaluable ally of conquest; cruelty and treachery are -praised by the scholar and pastor, practised as a matter of course by -the soldier and politician. None sees what dishonor is thus heaped upon -his country and how her history has been defiled by this generation on -the precepts of the last. - -Ignoring, as she always does, every contact with other cultures, -Germany, out of a congenital megalomania, has evolved her own; and in -her eyes it is no doubt as beautiful and precious as the ugly treasure -of the child in the perambulator, who discards the most delightful -modern toys for its own battered and hideous doll. - -In this regard she is indeed still a child; but a study of comparative -cultures, following upon the destruction of her present rulers and their -doctrine of force, should create a larger-minded nation wherein the -civilized concepts of older States shall find recognition. - -“Until that final consummation,” as Francis Stopford has well said, -“Europe dare not rest secure, and the horrors of Belgium and Serbia will -be repeated for the next generation if Germany be left the freedom to -reëstablish her might and to reorganize the life of her peoples with the -sole object of crushing her neighbors at the first favorable -opportunity.” - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The “Lusitania” Nightmare_ - - -Though a year and more has passed since the great tragedy of the -_Lusitania_, and many evil things have been done since that day by the -enemy who strikes at rooted principles of civilization, yet by reason of -its magnitude and its utter disregard of the elementary principles of -humanity the memory of this deed is still alive in the minds of men. -This “nightmare” that Raemaekers pictures was no dream fancy, but a -reality; men and women walked along the rows of corpses laid out in the -sheds, searching for that which they dreaded to find.... - -“There is no right but might,” said Germany in that act, “and there is -no law in the exercise of might.” Men, women, and children alike of this -perverted nation were bidden to rejoice over the sinking of the -vessel--the fact cannot be too often stated or too fully kept in mind, -more especially now that the fabric whence that doctrine of unguided -force has emanated is crumbling under the blows of the Allied armies. -For in the day of peace will be found many who will merit Achan’s fate -through following Achan’s way, careless of the rows of little corpses -that lay out for indentification after the sinking of the -_Lusitania_--careless of all but the material aspect of the settlement -that must be made when the military power of this present Germany is -crushed. - -If it be not crushed beyond the possibility of rising again--if there be -any way left by which those who own no law but necessity and expedience -may repeat the experiment of these years of war, then these lives that -ended off the Old Head of Kinsale ended in vain, and their memory is -dishonored. With that which caused this nightmare there must be no -compromise. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“Fancy, How Nice....”_ - - -The ethics of war are difficult to reduce to consistent principles. At -first sight it does not seem more cruel to asphyxiate your enemy than to -blow him to pieces with a land-mine or to turn a machine-gun upon him. -Nevertheless, two facts are certain. One is that this very invention was -offered to our War Office years ago, and was rejected as unworthy of a -civilized nation. The other is that it is forbidden by The Hague -Convention in a clause accepted by Germany herself. - -The adoption, without warning, of poisonous gas is perhaps the most -shameless of all the treacherous violations of international law which -Germany has committed. It is now known that Germany had determined, -before hostilities began, to violate all the laws of war. In the -Official German War Book these conventions are referred to only with -contempt. To disregard them is what the Germans call “absolute war”; and -they claim that absolute war is the only logical kind of war. - -In adopting this theory Germany has fallen far behind barbarism; for, -cruel as the barbarian often is, there are always some things which he -will not do to his enemy, some conventions which he will observe, either -from the chivalry which belongs to the character of the genuine fighting -man or from fear of Divine anger, or from a vague sense of what is due -to human beings even when they are enemies. The notion that all moral -principles are in abeyance during war is the most revolting doctrine -that can be proclaimed. It is disgusting to find that it is openly -defended by many of the religious guides of the German people, who -profess to speak in the name of Christianity. - -Such moral obliquity, one thinks, can only exist in a nation which does -not play games. But perhaps the reason why games are discouraged in -Germany is that they encourage a “foolish” sense of honor and chivalry -in the serious business of life. - -W. R. INGE, -_Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral_. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Laodiceans_ - - -“Thou art neither cold nor hot. I would thou wert cold or hot.... -Because thou sayest, I am rich and increased with goods, and have need -of nothing.... I counsel thee ... anoint thine eyes with eye-salve, that -thou mayest see.” - -Raemaekers has patience with most things, but with neutrality he would -scorn to be patient. He refuses to parley with it, even when it waves -the colors of his own country in its hand--if it ever does anything so -sturdy as to wave colors. These old women are dreadful, they are almost -as terrifying as his Prussian monsters. The persuasive old fanatic in -the foreground arguing the divinity of lukewarmness is dreadful in -herself, and more dreadful still because we all know that she exists, in -belligerent as in neutral countries. And worse, far worse, is the -granite female with her stone brooch in her marble collar behind her. -The others are surprised, doubtful, not yet entirely won over to the -specious argument; but the woman behind is a very Gibraltar of -neutrality. - -Seldom, very seldom, does Raemaekers draw dreadful women. His Germania -is a symbol, not a woman. I can only remember one other cartoon, a -merciless drawing of the Kaiser and the Kaiserin, in which a woman -stands for evil. He likes to picture pity and mercy and nobility in the -form of women, and when he wishes to paint sorrow and endurance he gives -us such cartoons as those of the mothers and widows of Belgium. And this -makes it the more likely that in these gossiping, selfish, silly, wicked -creatures he is drawing a type of mind rather than a type of female. In -every country there are “old women”; but they are not always females. - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“A Pitiful Exodus”_ - - -This is one of Raemaekers’ crowds. He is fond of depicting crowds, and -he is right. He has the art of making them singularly effective. He -catches wonderfully both the general impression and the value of a face -or figure here and there not violently obtruded but individually -appealing. - -And these crowds are so effective because they are so true. This is a -war of crowds. The nations have fought in crowds, they have suffered in -crowds. “Multitudes--multitudes in the valley of decision” might be said -to be its text. - -And Antwerp was ever a place of crowds; though not, of course, like -this. Who does not know Antwerp as she was before the war? A great, -buzzing, thriving hive on the water’s edge, filled with a jolly, -comfortable, busy _bourgeoisie_; mediæval and modern at once, with her -churches and her quays, her florid “Rubenses” her Van Dycks, her -Teniers, her _Maison Plantin_, and all the rest of her past; her world -commerce, her fortifications of to-day, deemed impregnable! - -She had been besieged and fallen before. To-day she fell with scarcely a -siege. - -Who was responsible for this fiasco--for the defense which was no -defense, the relief which was no relief? Why was the Naval Brigade sent -there? Perhaps we shall know some day, when Raemaekers’ country is free -to set them also free again. - -What we can know is graphically and terribly told by Mr. John Buchan and -the witnesses he cites. - -The highways were black with the panting crowds: ladies of fashion, -white-haired men and women, wounded soldiers, priests old and young, -nuns, mothers, daughters, children. So it was described by one who saw -it. - -More than a quarter of a million of inhabitants left Antwerp in one day. -The world has never before seen such an emptying of a great city. “Some -day,” Mr. Buchan ends, “when its imagination has grown quicker, it will -find the essence of war not in gallant charges and heroic stands, but in -the pale women dragging their pitiful belongings through the Belgian -fields in the raw October night.” - -If anything could further quicken the world’s imagination it would be -this picture. Rubens devised the famous “pomps” for the entry of -Ferdinand of Austria. The German entry had no Rubens. But this miserable -pomp, this “pitiful exodus,” has found its realistic Rubens in -Raemaekers. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“Death the Friend”_ - - -When the white horse rode out to war with the clever, handsome -mountebank in the shining armor astride it (ignore for the moment the -duller fact of an anxious, field-gray man in a Benz limousine) the -demigod made, let us admit it, a brave show. - -’Tis credibly reported that in his company rode his august familiar, -“our old God” in a new mood and a brand new uniform, “wearing,” in fact, -in the words of a dithyrambic Teuton, “the Death’s Head cap of the -German Hussars and carrying a white banner.” - -What that Other may be assumed to have made of Dixmude, Termonde, and -the ineffable rest of it is for the curious to conjecture: as also at -what exact stage of the swift journeyings back and forth of the tired -white horse there came into a mind fed on rich, fat phrases and meaty -metaphors, and the flattery of astute, strong men and the dazzling -reflections of the imperial cheval glass, the first doubt as to whether -the high approval of that Other were indeed an objective reality, or -merely a figment of the imagination of an overwrought overman. In any -case, there must soon have dawned an aching wonder as to how the devil -the banner could be _white_. - -And when was it that in place of that Other Rider in the hussar’s cap -there seemed to be something queer and sinister astride behind him on -his battle-weary steed? Was it then that he began to whistle so -vigorously (_vide_ German Press _passim_) to keep up his spirits? And -will there come a time (has it already come?) when that caressing touch -on the shoulder will seem indeed the caress of a friend, and that gaunt -index point to the only peace he will ever know? - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_A Higher Pile_ - - - Full half a million men, yet not enough - To break this township on a winding stream; - More yet must fall, and more, ere the red stuff - That built a nation’s manhood may redeem - The Highest’s hopes and fructify his dream. - - They pave the way to Verdun; on their dust - The Hohenzollern mount and, hand in hand, - Gaze haggard south; for yet another thrust, - And higher hills must heap, ere they shall stand - To feed their eyes upon the promised land. - - One barrow, borne of women, lifts them high, - Piled up of many a thousand human dead. - Nursed in their mothers’ bosoms, now they lie-- - A Golgotha, all shattered, torn and sped, - A mountain for these royal feet to tread. - - A Golgotha, upon whose carrion clay - Justice of myriad men, still in the womb, - Shall heave two crosses; crucify and flay - Two memories accurs’d; then in the tomb - Of world-wide execration give them room. - - Verdun! Thy name is holy evermore; - In thine heroic ruin the nations see - A monument, upon whose living shore - In vain the evil breaks; we bend the knee, - Thou symbol of all human liberty. - - EDEN PHILLPOTTS. -[Illustration] - - - - -_Peace Reigns at Dinant_ - - -The mere human criminal will cover his crime with disguises; but it may -truly be said that the Prussian has buried even his crime in the -evidences of it. He has made massacre itself monotonous; and made us -weary of condemning what he was never weary of carrying out. - -It is said that General Von der Goltz, on receiving complaints of the -scarcely human parade of cruelty which accompanied the first entrance -into Belgium, declared that such first bad impressions of the Prussian -would wear off after his victory in the real campaign; and that, as he -expressed it, “Glory will efface all.” That sort of glory, however, was -itself effaced from the German prospects as early as the battle of the -Marne; and we shall never know whether humanity is capable of so vile a -forgiveness; or whether glory will efface all. - -But there is a real sense in which we may say that infamy has effaced -all. In the first stage of the war Prussia conducted assassination upon -the same scale as grand strategy; and it is as difficult to recall every -woman or child whose death was in itself a breach of all international -understandings as it is to recall every poor fellow in uniform who has -fallen in the open fighting which everyone understands. - -The pen becomes impotent when it attempts to give life to statistics; -and I do not know that anything can come closer to it than the pencil, -when it draws what the artist has drawn here--merely one quiet soldier, -in the corner of one quiet town; and beyond only the corner of a heap of -figures, which are yet more quiet. - -G. K. CHESTERTON. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Humanity v. Kultur_ - - -One of the most marked features of Raemaekers’ art is his intense -feeling of patriotism. He is proud of his country and of her past -history, and he is resolute to be true to the fame of the Netherlands in -the past and to preserve the freedom which is the heritage of her -people. Another characteristic is his abhorrence of the prospect of -German tyranny over his country. He hates that danger, which must ever -be present to the mind of a patriotic Dutchman. It has been the pressing -danger of the country for many years, and the danger increases and -becomes more imminent year by year. He hates that thought, both because -it would put an end to the freedom of his country and because he detests -the character of Germany, and many of his cartoons express this -abhorrence in the extremest form. He loathes the nature and the effects -of German “Kultur.” - -Both these characteristics are expressed in this cartoon. The -Netherlands is represented as a young Dutch girl in the national -costume, a working woman wearing apron and cap and big wooden shoes. She -has taken off one of the shoes, holding it ready to strike, while in a -threatening attitude and with flashing eye she faces a hideous hag in -dirty, slovenly attire, who represents the great enemy. The artist’s -cartoons vie with one another in the ugliness which is imparted, -sometimes in one way, sometimes in another, to the enemy, but there is -none which represents Prussia in a more detestable form than this. -Prussia is a drunken woman, who is just coming out from a public-house, -and is leaning against the door, hardly able to stagger on. The sign at -the door is inscribed in German: “Bierhaus zur Deutschen Kultur.” -Prussia shrinks back from the assault which Holland is threatening. Yet -the assault is not an armed one; it is the assault of criticism and -righteous indignation, as uttered in the press and through art. The -crown of the empire, with the iron cross hanging from the apex, is -tumbling off the head of the drunken woman. The right hand, which she -holds up in deprecation, is dripping with blood. The neck of a large -bottle protrudes from a pocket in her dirty and ragged apron on which -the bloody mark of a child’s hand is imprinted. But with her -bloodstained hand Prussia deprecates the attacks of criticism by the -protest: “A real lady like me does not do such a thing”--forgetting in -her drunken mind that she bears the marks of guilt on her person. She -has been indulging in “Kultur” until she is in the last stage of -intoxication, barely able to stand upright, and quite unable to preserve -the crown of empire. Another characteristic of Raemaekers is evident: -the perfect, absolute assurance of victory. There can be no question -what the future will be; the issue of conflict, either in discussion or -in other ways, between this stalwart young woman and the broken, drunken -wretch cannot be doubted for a moment. The crown is already slipping -away, and no gesture, no support, will be in time to keep it in its -place. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Bill_ - - - Even a dragon’s teeth decay - And then there comes a painful time - When morsels won’t be made away: - Hence spring this picture and this rhyme - Of dragons rather past their prime. - - A varied menu spread before - The hungry Kaiser and his son, - From which the royal epicure - With other courses chose this one-- - Paris to follow when ’twas done. - - A dainty dish the waiter thought - To set before a king, or clown; - Yet though they gulped and chewed and fought - Not sire nor son could get it down-- - This little, sturdy, ancient town. - - And, what is more, their appetites, - That yesterday were sharp and keen, - This wretched dish of Verdun blights: - Its toughness they had not foreseen; - The cooking’s bad, the inn unclean. - - “My son, I think we’ll try elsewhere.” - “Right O! dear father, so we will. - I’m spoiling for a change of air. - Don’t let this trifle make you ill: - Our cannon fodder pay the bill!” - - EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“_You need not storm this place_” - - -The magnificent imagery of Isaiah is alone adequate to interpret the -artist’s picture. The German Kaiser is at the entrance to hell, on the -gloomy portals of which is written the motto: “Abandon hope all ye who -enter here.” The devil, with a Mephistophelian irony, tells his captive: -“You need not storm this place.” Hell is only too ready to house the -great malefactors who have sinned against light and are doomed to -torment. - -It is inevitable to recall the great oracles of Isaiah on the King of -Babylon--that enemy of his race who had enslaved the Jewish people, -persecuted God’s elect and led them into captivity. “Hell from beneath -is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming; it stirreth up the dead -for thee, even all the chief ones of the earth; it hath raised up from -their thrones all the kings of the nations. All they shall speak and say -unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? Art thou become like unto -us?... How art thou fallen from Heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! -How art thou cast down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!” - -But the King of Babylon was received with greater ceremony than falls to -the lot of the German Kaiser. To welcome the former the old kings rise -from their thrones. Wilhelm is led by the devil alone, and no pomp or -circumstance of war surrounds him. His sin is as the sin of those who -have believed in their transcendent power and are the victims of -megalomania. He, too, said in his heart: “I will ascend into Heaven, I -will exalt my throne above the stars of God, I will be like the Most -High.” Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. - -And the sentence passed on such enemies of the human race is the same -which Isaiah uttered thousands of years ago. “Is this the man that made -the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms; that made the world as a -wilderness and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house -of his prisoners?” The very catalogue of offenses is the same. And the -penalty is that no such posthumous glory as encircles the monarchs of -the past will come to him. He goes down to the stones of the pit, cast -out from all honorable burial, as “a carcass trodden underfoot.” - -Never did Raemaekers dip his pen in bitterer gall than when he limned -this appalling picture of the fate which awaits a merciless and -bloodthirsty tyrant. - -W. L. COURTNEY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Hohenzollern Madness_ - - -Maybe the French poet of genius is already born who will sing the Epic -of Verdun. One thinks of him staring into his mother’s face, and -blinking a pair of wondrous brown eyes at the summer sun. France is too -near, too careful and troubled about the present, too deeply plunged in -grief and pain to tell that story with the majestic isolation of genius, -or fling her inspiration wide enough, as yet, to catch the significance -of this supreme event. - -Marble and bronze will record it, and imperishable verse--of that we may -be sure; for the nation that has defended Verdun against the might of -Germany holds the seeds of magistral art. Art must spring quickened, -enlarged, and ennobled from these furnace fires; and it will happen, as -of old, that a people great enough to do great deeds lack not for -children of genius to record their immortality in achievements -themselves immortal. - -That follows in fullness of time; for at this moment, while cannon -thunder and men die happy, with the light of coming victory for a crown, -we may well think of such men alone and pay our homage to the heroes who -have saved Verdun at the cost of their lives. - -But what of Germany’s sons? What of the thousands who have fallen in -fruitless attempts to take the hill of Dead Men? - -It may be ere long that these armies, driven by whip and revolver from -behind, will wake to the futility of their continued destruction and -begin to measure the worth of the royal command still hurling them to -death, that its own wounded vanity and strategical and political -incompetence shall find a salve in their sacrifice. - -Raemaekers imagines nothing here, for his picture is a transcript of -familiar truth. Death welcomes to its bony bosom the pride of a kingdom, -while the rulers of that kingdom flog their subjects on to the -annihilation that awaits them. Such forlorn tactics are all that remain -to the beggared tyrant and his son. But men are not as corn or the -beasts of the field: this harvest cannot be renewed by the passage of a -year; and when Death has fed full, he must wait for another such meal -until the boyhood of Germany has come to man’s estate. May the youthful -Teutons with their manhood win sanity also, and escape forever the -slavery that has driven more than half a million of their fathers to -fruitless destruction before Verdun. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“_My master asks you to look after these peace doves_” - - -Raemaekers in this excellent cartoon is not less direct, although he is -at the same time more subtle, than in some others. Holland, typified by -the seated figure, has an expression of amazement and suspicion, if not -actual fear, upon her face. The _Boche_ is not content with merely -offering the basket of spurious doves, but has thrust it upon Holland’s -lap. The bearer who, in the name of his master, asks the latter to look -after the “doves” is obviously trying to look agreeable as well as -innocent, but the battered helmet and the leer upon his face serve to -betray him. - -Holland, says her great artist in this picture, has no use for “peace -doves,” or, at least, for those of the breed that wear the spiked -helmets of the Prussians. One may suspect, as the artist and Holland -herself apparently do, that the “doves,” symbolic of peace, may prove -the stormy petrels of war. They may be said to typify the propagandists -who, having settled in Holland from the early days of the war, have -carried on a crafty campaign of misrepresentation and calumny not alone -against the Allies, but against the country which has hitherto preserved -neutrality and sacrificed so much in works of benevolence in regard to -Belgian and other refugees, and the British airmen and seamen which the -accidents and tides of war have brought to or thrown upon her shores. - -The “doves of peace,” and there are many Germans now resident in -Holland, have probably all of them “Mannlichers” as well as spiked -helmets for use if needed. - -In regard to all transactions with the Huns or their master, Holland -will do well to remember Virgil’s oft-quoted line: “Timeo Danaos et dona -ferentes.” - -Every “dove,” whether in the guise of propagandist, commercial -representative, official, or agent for the purchase of foodstuffs, and -whether bringing a cage of “peace doves” or bags of gold, is a potential -enemy to the peace and independence of Holland. The triumph of the -Central Empires means the subjugation of the Dutch people, and the -“peace doves” within her borders would soon quit their cooing and be -transformed into the “Prussian Eagle’s brood.” - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Famine in Belgium_ - - -“When the German conquers Belgium and Poland the first thing he does is -to raise agriculture, commerce, and industry to a state of immediate -prosperity. Gain and comfort for the new subjects cling to the soles of -his feet.” - -Thus the Rev. Gerhard Tolzien preaching in Schwerin Cathedral last -autumn at the harvest festival held on the 19th Sunday after Trinity. We -must suppose he believed it. One of the stock attributes of Kultur, -proclaimed by its apostles and obediently repeated by their pupils, is -the beneficent influence it sheds on other lands. It showers gratuitous -benefits on all, but only those fortunate enough to be brought under -German sway reap the full harvest of its blessings. So the domination of -the world by Germany is justified. It is for the people’s good; it would -be the millennium. - -Raemaekers shows it to us at work in Belgium. We see the Germans who -have conquered the land carrying out those beneficent functions -described by the German preacher. Having brought agriculture, commerce, -and industry to a state of unprecedented prosperity, they are watching, -with benevolent satisfaction, the signs of gain and comfort among the -inhabitants. If the emaciated peasants, leaving their roofless cottage, -limping down the empty street with the few odds and ends of rubbish not -worth looting which they still possess, or stopping to poke about in the -gutter for a scrap of food--if they seem to be at the last extremity of -misery, that is, no doubt, because they are too dull to appreciate the -blessings of Kultur. - -Truly this is a terrible picture, a veritable nightmare. There is -nothing more poignant in the whole series. It would be a relief to be -able to believe Herr Tolzien’s account, but we fear that the ghastly -contrast drawn by the neutral artist is only too well founded on fact. - -A. SHADWELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Poor Old Thing_ - - -An old English proverb, disdaining to be cramped by so feeble and -academic a thing as grammar, tells us that “courtesy is cumbersome to -him that kens it not.” It is one of the essential signs of breeding that -courtesy is natural and not cumbersome; and if we may take the saying of -the German naval officer as true, that the English will always be fools -and the Germans will never be gentlemen (though it is true that the -maker of such a saying must be a gentleman himself), we shall be able to -understand much about the Central Powers that is otherwise puzzling. -Despite their aristocracies and their history, and this applies -especially to Austria, those Powers have a streak of cheapness running -through them. They are cads. They snarl and bicker with each other like -a grocer’s family in a back parlor. Unlike Lamb’s “party in a parlor,” -they are not all silent; possibly the rest of the sentence holds true. -Where was Wilhelm? Why doesn’t Franz Joseph do better? But for him we’d -have done such and such. Why didn’t the fellow do better? - -They growl about each other to all the winds of heaven. Some of their -griefs are legitimate. Between allies of different race there must -always be grounds of difference and even of acute divergence of opinion. -For generations the Austrians have disliked the Germans with a hearty -and vigorous dislike. If ten years ago you called a German an Austrian, -he corrected you with superciliousness; if you called an Austrian a -German, he corrected you with fury. Germans called Austrians “stuck-up”; -Austrians called Germans merely “those Germans.” And now that they are -fighting side by side for their existence, now that their whole history -and homogeneity as European Powers are at stake, they carp and snap like -fretful sick puppies. - -We--the Allies--are Latin and Slav and Saxon and Celt, and we shall -never understand each other really well. The friendship of England with -France is new, and has been grafted on centuries of clean warfare and -honorable hostility; but on the many points on which we think -differently, do we reproach each other? We have all retreated since the -war began, and in each case our Allies have hurried up to tell us that -our retreat was a masterpiece, as honorable as a victory. Why? - -Because: _Noblesse oblige_. - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Germany and the Neutrals_ - - -There are some points in Germany’s attitude toward the neutrals which -are ambiguous. Others are only too tragically clear. If we consider in -its general character the German submarine crusade, we find that its -original intention--to damage not only ships of war but the merchantmen -of Great Britain, including passenger boats--involves also a studied -neglect of the rights of neutral ships. Everything that might -conceivably help Great Britain, either in respect to food-stuffs, -commerce, or international trade, or the voyage of harmless tourists on -the seas, was, from the point of view of Berlin, to be exposed to the -fury of submarine attacks without any nice discrimination between -enemies and neutrals. Clearly at one stage of the war the submarine -commanders had their orders to stop and overhaul whatever they met on -the seas, to give very inadequate time for the crews to escape, and to -refuse all assistance to the victims struggling in the water. - -The crisis of this submarine crusade was reached in the sinking of the -“Lusitania.” Thereupon the American Government took action, and the -Notes interchanged between President Wilson and the Wilhelmstrasse -eventually, after much correspondence, brought about a temporary -cessation of the more violent methods of the Teuton pirates. For it -became clear that the patience of President Wilson was almost exhausted, -and the possibility of a rupture of diplomatic relations gave some pause -to the German Higher Command. The leading principles, however, of the -enemy’s crusade have never been altered. Indeed, many observers have -foreseen the recrudescence of submarine attacks, with the aid of newer -and more formidable vessels with a wider range of action and a stronger -armament. - -The Berlin contention is that Great Britain, through her preponderance -of naval power, is a despot on the seas, infringing the liberties of -other nations. To restore freedom by limiting the activity of British -vessels has been a constant parrot-cry of the Teutonic enemy. The real -truth, of course, is that the blockade is having such serious effects on -Germany that she is almost bound to initiate new movements, if only to -shake off the fatal grasp of the British ships of war. - -Probably the neutrals understand the position quite as well as we do, -but for various reasons it is difficult for them to make an effective -protest. Meanwhile the innate brutality of submarine warfare is as -obvious as ever it was, and in Raemaekers’ cartoon the hideous gorilla -which represents the Teuton power is gloating over its victims and -breathing out defiance against all who attempt to curb it in its -reckless cruelty. The legend “Gott mit Uns” adds a biting irony to the -picture. - -W. L. COURTNEY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Those Horrible Britons_ - - -The English have always been misunderstood by foreign peoples, and I -think one of the most beneficial effects of this war will be the better -understanding of John Bull by the Slavs, by the Gauls--and by the -Teutons. - -The Slavs up to this time have not known us at all. In France till very -recently the Englishman has been the Englishman of the old Palais Royal -farces, a creature with red whiskers, front teeth like the double blank -in dominoes, shepherd’s plaid trousers, and a disengaging manner. Read -Daudet, read Hugo, read Loti and you will see that even the highest -intelligences in France have failed to appreciate John Bull at his true -worth, failed even to understand him. - -Germany, who understands everything but humanity, has been even more -backward than France. To Germany John has figured as a robber grown fat -on plunder, soft, flabby, and only waiting to be plundered. To Germany -and to the Kaiser John has not figured as a power, simply because he has -not figured as a military power. They believed him effete. - -The first seven divisions cut into this comfortable belief in a cruel -manner. The handful of English who drove the Hun hordes back from Calais -did not put balm on the wound. Slowly and by degrees the Kaiser has seen -his last hopes broken by the English. - - “THOSE HORRIBLE BRITONS.” - -Raemaekers, as always, has touched the truth. - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Dr. Kuyper to Germany_ - - -Of benevolent neutrality we have all heard; and of the existence of the -malevolent kind, too, we are quite frequently reminded. The Allied -countries failed to perceive the benevolence of the Vatican’s utterance -that the violation of Belgium “happened in the time of my predecessor,” -and so apparently called for no comment from the head of the Roman -Catholic Church. Since that interview the inaction of the Vatican, which -had till then been almost complete, and has since been troubled by one -or two tentative mentions of olive branches and no more, has appeared in -more than a dubious light to the Allied nations. In France, where the -opening of the war brought about something like a religious revival, the -Pope’s inaction and the Pope’s speech caused a cold Gulf Stream of -suspicion and disappointment to flow steadily Romeward. The spectacle of -a Protestant premier of a two thirds Protestant country favoring a -mission to the Vatican is one which would in any case have troubled -Protestants, and in this case does not even please Roman Catholics. Then -who does it please? Raemaekers knows. - -Alas for the days when we associated screens with “little French -milliners”; what a Lady Teazle have we here! And what a school of -something worse than scandal holds its classes in the seminaries of -war-politics! Dr. Kuyper, “the snowy-breasted pearl” of the drawing, is, -perhaps, guilty of hoping a thing he does not avow; of working for it; -but at least even Raemaekers, a stern critic, admits that without being -a villain (we know the mark Raemaekers sets on the brow of his villains) -he may be still quite pleased with himself. But the two behind the -screen are furtive, are anxious, are unable to enjoy even an act that -should further their plans; they are pleased, but their pleasure is -sicklied o’er with the pale cast of a thought which turns ever more -eagerly to the future, and turns back ever more anxiously to the -present. - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Kaiser’s Diplomacy_ - - -The true story of what happened in Montenegro, when the Austrians -reported that the country had submitted to superior force and accepted -the domination of the Central Powers, and that it was abandoning the -hopeless task of resisting their united strength, will perhaps be -revealed in the future. At present it is unknown. Probably it will turn -out to have been a great personal disappointment to the Kaiser and -another instance where his diplomacy failed. It would have been a -triumph to induce Montenegro to submit peaceably, and to have King -Nicholas accept the position of a client king at Berlin. But the -resistance of Montenegro was not wholly overcome. The king and the -people who had fought for freedom with success against all the forces of -Turkey and afterward of Austria during so many years could not submit to -being deluded by the blandishments of Hadji Wilhelm. - -Here the artist shows Nicholas with his bag packed for the journey to -France, and labelled “Lyon,” turning away from the Kaiser, who looks -toward him with seductive entreaty, and presses his hands in a gesture -of petition. He is making a last attempt to induce the king to submit to -fate and to himself; to come to Berlin, and to be received with royal -honors and enrolled alongside the many princely families of Germany. - -The Kaiser set great store by success in this negotiation. It would have -been the beginning, as he hoped, of the breaking up of the alliance -among his foes. Even though it was only the small and poor Montenegro -that abandoned the Allied cause, still it was to be the first stage of a -general break-up, which would have been hailed with triumph as the -beginning of the end. The Kaiser wanted Nicholas badly, but Nicholas was -not going alone to Berlin, and his last word is that “we will all come -later.” Raemaekers, with his unfailing confidence in a final victory, -looked forward then, when the cause of the Allies seemed to be at its -lowest ebb, to the victory of the future, and to the victorious entrance -of the united Allies into Berlin. The artist judged by faith, and not by -sight. He was not a mere calculator of chances, and an estimator of -military power; for those neutrals who judged on such principles were -apparently all so profoundly impressed with the overwhelming military -strength of Germany, that their moral judgment was warped. Raemaekers -had lived too close to Germany to be ignorant of her enormous strength; -but he judges as a prophet, who bears witness to the moral quality of -the world, despite of the apparent balance of probabilities. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Cain_ - - -Germany’s practical attitude to small countries has always given the lie -to her expressed benevolence. Her proposal at the beginning of the war -to localize conflict and leave Austria’s sixty millions to settle with -the four millions of Serbia will be remembered. Then, after solemn -assurance that her neutrality would be respected, “necessity” demanded -Germany’s broken oaths and unspeakable outrage upon an innocent nation. -It was merely a choice between Belgium and Switzerland; and convenience -decided for Belgium. Abroad we have seen the treatment of uncivilized -races and observed with what thanksgiving the indigenous peoples of West -Africa, East Africa, and the Cameroons have welcomed Germany’s downfall -as the first step to restoration of liberty and recognition of human -rights. Those fiends--Prince Arenberg, Carl Peters, Chancellor -Leist--are not forgotten, nor the Herero massacres. - -Belgium has been sacrificed by the Cain of nations. He, who has talked -most loudly about the rights of small kingdoms and his unbreakable -resolution to protect them against the threat of the mighty and the -tyranny of the strong; he, who desired to be his brother’s keeper, has -Belgium murdered on her pyre. Within two days of the promise to leave -her inviolate, she lay battered and bleeding under the club of the -oath-breaker. But the smoke of the burning is beaten back into the -assassin’s eyes. Even from the tribal god of the Huns this sacrifice has -won no smiles. - -It has been left for a Christian emperor in the twentieth century to -emulate the neolith barely emancipated from brutedom, and set an example -that the stone men of old might have hesitated to copy. - -We have so long grown accustomed to the spectacle of martyred Belgium, -and are so familiar with the whole story of her rape and massacre by -this royal savage of Prussia, that the grief is like to be deadened and -the pang grown dull; but let no such narcotic drift over our spirits -until the war is won. Not the onset of poison gas would be more fatal -than any emotion of indifference, or inclination to accept the situation -now achieved by treachery, falsehood, surprise, and villainy beyond -example, as a basis whereon to build any sort of peace. Let the word be -anathema while the Hun still sucks the blood of his sacrifice and while -Belgium and Serbia fester at the touch of his feet; let none breathe it -until the Allies alone, without enemy question or neutral interference, -are in a position to impose a peace commensurate with their victory. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Counter-Attack at Douaumont_ - - -The fortress of Verdun will stand forever, a bastion cut against the -sky, and behind and above, like a flaming cresset, will burn Douaumont. - -Verdun in March of 1916 was the name of a fortress and a town; to-day it -is no longer a name. It has become a word lifted among the star words -common to all languages and all times. Valor, splendor, devotion, -endurance, patriotism,--how grand are these words! Yet Verdun is the -grandest of them all, for it includes them all. - -It is the word that France has flung to the world not from her fleshly -lips, but from the lips of her soul. - -To the cringing neutrals; to Swiss waiters, and Dutch hucksters and -English sedition-mongers, and Irish hole-and-corner men, and Swedish -marketmen. To the hordes of the Beast and the powers of darkness France -has flung the light of that one burning word, just as the Spartans, four -hundred and eighty years before the birth of Christ, flung to us the -light of the word Thermopylæ. - -The old heroic times seemed dead, littleness seemed everywhere, till the -light of this war showed the soul of man great as in the days of -Alexander. - -The counter-attack at Douaumont is but an incident, a crystallized -moment out of the endless battle on the Meuse. - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Morning Paper_ - - -The Kaiser said “his heart bled” when the Allies raided Carlsruhe from -the air. The hemorrhage was not serious, but it had a value as tending -to show that the heart was there. Or was it that the Allies had -performed the classic feat of drawing blood from a stone? It was more -than his own airmen could do when they killed children and women in -London and Paris. - -Perhaps some day a poet will arise who will be able to write for us the -epic of the Morning Paper during this war. It used to lie under doors -till wanted, and then Father had it, and Mother didn’t want it till -after lunch, and George got it after Father, and Arthur must therefore -buy an “evening” paper at the station where he caught the 9:19 to the -City. And it really didn’t matter much, after all, except that it was -something to talk about, and the Other Side was taking the country to -the dogs (a trip on which it has been entering any time these last five -hundred years), and one must know the latest entries for the Thousand -Guineas, anyway, and yesterday’s goals. - -And now! “Hasn’t the paper come yet? Where’s the paper? Is there any -news? What are We doing? Have the French advanced? What about Verdun? -Why’s the paper late? How’s Russia this morning? Read it out, Father, or -else order a copy each!” The holy, classical, breakfast gloom of the -British family is shattered by machine-gun fire of questions, of -anxiety, of hope, of anguish, of pride, of horror, of hope again. Those -folded sheets of printing, less clear than it used to be, on paper less -good than it was, have even eclipsed that domestic Mercury, the postman! -Letters lie unopened till the news has been scanned. That alone -represents a revolution in British family life, and the same thing -obtains in all the Allied western countries. - -And what it represents is the change of focus in our minds. We are all -living more or less intensely in an impersonal and selfless atmosphere, -where what others are doing matters more than what our friends are -doing, and where we are blatantly, flagrantly, despite all our national -traditions, sure of an Ideal. We can even talk about it! I believe this -cartoon by Raemaekers has a special appeal to the British for this -reason; that the morning paper has come to mean so much to us, and now -rouses in us such large, splendid feelings, such a magnificence of pain, -such a glory of anxiety, such a pride of suffering--has made possible to -us expression of so much which we thought it right and decent to hide in -our hearts before--that this spectacle of the Kaiser and his dame -gloating over innocent deaths has a force and a drive which the British -are bound to recognize in a special degree. And the faces of the maniac -and his senile wife, glowering at _their_ “good news,” cannot help but -recall to us Father’s look when he read that we had taken La Boisselle, -Mother’s face when she heard that casualties were “comparatively” light. -The paper is something more than paper and ink nowadays. - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“And such a brave Zepp he was”_ - - Aestatem increpitans seram _Zepyrosque_ morantes. - - Chiding the lateness of the summer still - And “Zeppers” all too tardy for his will. - - -This is rather the attitude we should have expected of the all-highest, -whom, of course, the seasons ought to obey. It is hard on him that we -should have had such a late summer, and that his “Zeppers” should have -had to wait so long and, after all, done so little. - -For the “gentle Zeppers” from the east to-day, like those from the west -of old, come with fair weather and serene skies. They may find an -exceptional night in winter when “the moon is hid,” for, like all -evil-doers, “they love darkness rather than light,” and “the night is -still,” but it is in the calm of summer and autumn that they look to -make their best harvest and their boldest onslaughts. Equinoctial gales, -sleet and snow do not suit them, so brave are they. They are not keen to -face either the battle or the breeze, so brave are they. - -It would be unfair to deny bravery altogether to the _Boches_. They have -shown it in their own “book of arithmetic” way on land, on sea, and in -the air. (H)immelmann, as the Tommies of course called him, certainly -showed himself “at ’ome in his native (h)element, as bold as a ’awk,” -though brought down by a half-fledged eagle at the finish. But he was an -aviator and took risks. The brave “Zepps” have not taken many; we do not -blame them. There is no reason why they should, and every reason why -they should not. They are delicate and expensive birds to rear. When -they are on the wing there are a good many “marks over,” and when the -anti-aircraft gun finds those “marks,” light currency though they be, -they fall even faster than on the Exchange. - -Formidable, no doubt, the Zepps are. It is our good luck more than our -good management that they have not done more damage. But brave, as -bravery goes in this war, hardly that, so far. We should have expected -the Kaiser to curse them and the weather, not to weep. Weeping? Kaisers -and Kaiserins and Count Zeppelins should be made of sterner stuff. We do -not hear that Herod and Herodias were seen weeping because the attack on -Rachel cost them an assassin or two. Yet that is the picture Raemaekers -gives us here, scathingly, sarcastically, graphic as ever. - -“They were brave.” “They fought against odds unnumbered” (of women and -children and men 10,000 feet below them). “They fell with their tails to -the foe.” Yes, the Zepps are very brave. They’ll have to be braver still -before they’re done! - -HERBERT WARREN. - -P.S.--This was written before September 2. Yes, they’ll have to take -more risks, and they and their friends will have to be braver yet. - -H. W. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Flying Over Holland_ - - -Holland has acted a rather more than neutral part in this war. Cocoa and -bacon, butter and potatoes, lard and oil, beef, fish, sugar, and -rice--the amount she has eaten of these has been truly astounding. She -has eaten so much and slept so soundly that she has not heard the -Zeppelins flying over her, bound for England. - -Should aeroplanes fly over her, bound for Germany, would she wake up? - -She has also eaten rubber and dry-goods, and so many other indigestible -things that if she doesn’t sulfer from somnolence, for decency’s sake -and as a proof that she still belongs to the human family, she ought to -pretend to suffer from it--when the aeroplanes fly over her, bound for -Germany. - -One wonders what her opinions are on this cartoon presented to her by -her most illustrious son. - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“If they don’t increase their Army”_ - - -We were inclined at the beginning of this war to be a little -unreasonable in our demands on the sympathy of the neutral nations. This -was particularly the case with Holland, whose geographical position with -regard to Belgium and to ourselves is a most delicate one. We did not -always consider sufficiently what too lively an expression of opinion -friendly to the Allies might cost the Dutch. They saw themselves, three -years ago, watched through the peep-holes of their eastern frontier by a -neighbor without pity, without scruple, and without decency. To have -given the Germans an opportunity of attacking them unawares would have -been to see the tulips of Haarlem trampled into mud and the -church-windows of Gouda smashed; to let the libraries of Leyden be -pillaged and the art-treasures of The Hague be carried off to Berlin; to -find the cathedral tower of Utrecht used as a target for cannon, and the -canals of Amsterdam choked with the corpses of Dutch women and children. -What Belgium has endured would be poured out in fourfold horror upon -Holland. No wonder that the Dutch are prudent in their language, -circumspect in their actions. - -Moreover, till the autumn of 1914, Holland had cultivated a pacific -spirit. She did not believe in military danger, and through the masses -of the people there ran a kind of resentment against the army, as a body -of men paid out of the taxes for doing nothing. In all this Holland was -wittingly the opposite of her ferocious and gigantic neighbor. But all -this is over now. Raemaekers shows us the sturdy Dutch soldier, with his -back turned to wheedling German whisperers, guarding the long eastern -frontier beyond the Maas. Holland has been roused out of her opiate -dream of non-resistance, and she vibrates with heroic echoes from Ypres -and from Dixmude. She is fully aware that she is called upon to be the -arbiter of her own destiny, and that she must meet force with force. -Holland is safe so long as she prepares her own defense, for Germany -never attacks unless she believes herself to be sure of victory. She -knows that the Dutch _have_ “increased their army,” and that the hour of -“easy” and insolent conquest is over. - -EDMUND GOSSE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Religion and Patriotism_ - - -This horrible war that has been sprung upon us has taught the Empire -many useful lessons. It has been a revelation in character value. In the -long piping time of peace, before grim-visaged war broke in upon us, we -were much too self-centered. Colonials and others returning from our -overseas dominions to the “Old Country” did not hesitate to say how -appalled they were by the wealth and how shocked they were by the uses -to which it was being put in England. - -It seemed to them, coming home from the simple life to the lap of -luxury, that men and women in England were living to pile up colossal -wealth and to bask in the sunshine of newspaper notoriety. I might -continue in this strain for pages more, but that is not my purpose. What -I do want to say is that, as soon as the tocsin of war was heard across -the silver sea, and the bugle-call of duty was sounded, these same -club-loungers and society-loafers rolled up, rallying to the flag as -though they had been born for nothing else. In the story of England’s -life only will the headline “Five Millions of Volunteers to the Colors” -be read, topping the chapter telling of this European war to our -children’s children. - -Not only have those on the highest rung of the social ladder responded -to the King’s call for service, but those on the lowest rung also--never -was there such a fellowship in arms by land and on sea. - -But if England with her overseas peoples stands out in such fine relief -against the dark war background, we must not forget that our Allies have -shone out as conspicuously as ourselves as fighting patriots, resolved -to do or die. - -Chaplains, too, have done fine work for country as well as for religion. -Conspicuous among all Churchmen rises the lithe, imposing, ascetic -figure of His Eminence Cardinal Mercier. If ever there was a follower of -the Good Shepherd, ready to lay down his life for his sheep, it is the -Cardinal Archbishop of Malines. “The Good Shepherd giveth his life for -his sheep.” Nothing could have pleased the Cardinal better than to have -escaped the sights forced upon him by sacrificing his own life for his -flock. But it was not to be; his life has been spared that all the world -might find in this good shepherd its object lesson in true religion and -in true patriotism. - -BERNARD VAUGHAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Prisoners_ - - -Among the suggestions for treating our German prisoners, the public has -misunderstood that emanating from the Government. To utter the word -“reprisals,” when we know right well that the whole sense and tradition -of this country would rise in rebellion against any such system, is to -speak in vain. Moreover, other and juster lines of action are within our -reach. It has been suggested that we should treat our prisoners exactly -as Germany treats hers; but since her system is beneath the accepted -standards of humanity, and such as no civilized country could practise -without loss of self-respect, that course remains unjustified. A -worthier way would seem to be that those responsible for the crime are -made to suffer, and that, instead of doing injustice now by punishing -men not to blame for our enemy’s cruelties, we exact justice after the -war is ended and then look to it that all--chiefs and subordinates -alike--who have tortured and starved the Allied prisoners, in military -or internment camps, should be brought to pay the penalty for their -cowardly villainies. That will lie within our power; and did Germany -clearly understand the intention, it is reasonable to hope she might -take steps to save herself from the consequences of her brutality. -Moreover, the threat is no mere thunder, for though the country is still -in ignorance, still buoyed by false news and fatuous _communiqués_, -those at the helm know well enough the Central Empires are on a lee -shore of ultimate defeat. - -With some truth these boys, spectacled students and stunted human -failures swept into the net of France’s prisoners, may echo their -“all-highest” and say: “We did not want to do it.” They, indeed, did -not, and who can feel for them much more than pity? Such men are not -even good cannon fodder; and no more striking comment on the passes to -which Germany is coming in her efforts to fill the failing lines need be -sought than in the material our prisoners often reveal. She has, indeed, -many thousands more of the cream of her manhood to destroy before the -end; but to offer such feeble stuff as this to the combustion of war -cannot long delay the final need. - -Señor Gomez Garrillo, writing as a neutral in the “Gaulois,” has told us -how the British, though fully realizing the hatred of the German people, -do not echo it; for they see in their prisoners only unhappy men, to be -treated with compassion and respect. That is not a spirit that will be -found on the losing side of the World War. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Well, My Friend!_ - - -This picture represents two men whom the accidents of diplomacy and -intrigue have placed upon the thrones of two small nations of -southeastern Europe. The peoples whom they respectively rule have every -conceivable reason for desiring the triumph of that principle of -international right for which the Allies stand in this war, and which is -the only possible defense of small nationalities. They have also special -obligations toward those who are to-day championing that principle, for -the Bulgarians owe their liberation from Turkish tyranny primarily to -Russia, while the Greeks owe the restoration of their national -independence to that very combination of Great Britain, France and -Russia which at Navarino nearly a century ago half-foreshadowed the -present Great Alliance. - -But of these men one is an intriguer of mean origin, vile antecedents, -and corruptly personal aims, while the other is the husband of a -Hohenzollern. Therefore, in the one case the intriguer sells his people -to the enemy, while in the other the semi-German princeling deserts not -only his natural allies, but those to whom he is pledged by treaty. Of -the Balkan States, Serbia alone is faithful to the cause of nationality; -and it is not unimportant to note that of these states Serbia alone -possesses a native dynasty. It is to be hoped that after the war princes -will no longer figure among the exports of the German Empire. - -CECIL CHESTERTON. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“How quiet it must be in the English harbors blockaded by our fleet”_ - - -Raemaekers has here selected two typical naval officers, and has placed -them on the quay in Kiel Harbor, pacing along in sight of the water and -some of the ships of the High Seas Fleet lying at anchor. - -The expressions on the two faces are worth careful study. On that of the -taller and nearer man one has a cleverly caught and underlying -indication of doubt. He seems to say: “Of course, we are blockading the -British Fleet, which has taken shelter from our invincible warships in -the Thames Estuary. And, of course, since the Battle of Jutland, we have -swept the seas and wrested the trident from the grasp of Britain. -But....” At the back of his mind is evidently at all events the germ of -a question. “Why, if this be so, do our ships lie at anchor, and our -people go short of the imported necessities of life?” And in the mind of -that type of man no amount of inspired press accounts of fictitious -victories, and no thanks of the Kaiser and profusion in the decoration -of “naval heroes,” can lull to rest the suspicion that all is not as it -should be. - -The second type depicted is a more common one in the German Navy. He -carries his chin up, while his companion carries his down. He says: “Of -course, we have driven the British Battle Fleet to its harbors, and, of -course, we won a notable victory off Jutland, and, equally of course, -when we bombarded Scarborough and other seaside pleasure resorts we -actually destroyed immensely strong fortifications, and did enormous and -material damage to military and naval bases.” This type of man could -believe anything. And he does! He has assimilated greedily all the -mental pabulum that is designed to teach that Germany cannot be beaten -because she is Germany, and that the Germans are superior to every other -race. He swallowed it as greedily as a small boy, a collegian, or a -naval cadet, and it has become part of him. He neither can know, will -know, nor wishes to know the truth. There is something pathetic as well -as stupid in his blindness and imperviousness to facts. He is of the -type which will believe Germany invincible long after she has been -beaten. He is of the type that will prolong the war by continuing to -celebrate phantom victories even when the fleets of the Allies are -hammering at the gates of the Kiel Canal. In this cartoon Raemaekers’ -satire is gentler than its wont, but not less effective on that account. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Brigands_ - - -Ah, No! Not brigands! Not pirates! They belong to the good days of -youth, the “Boys’ Own Annual,” Stevenson, Henty, Kingston, when there -were words of pure magic that wrought spells. Is there a boy with soul -so dead who never to himself hath said “Sallee Rovers,” “High Barbary,” -“Masked Men on Maidenhead Thicket,” “A Toby Man on a Black Horse,” for -the sheer pleasure of evoking the little shiver that goes with Romance? -Has the deep villainy of _Long John Silver_ anything in common with -Tirpitz? _Long John_ would never have allowed the right of Tirpitz to -fly the Jolly Roger. Would _Claude Duval_ have taken the Kaiser’s hand? -Never! - -The skull and crossbones have fallen on evil days, the black flag has -had its sable purity rent and torn; no boy is going to stick his nose -into a book about the Kaiser and Willie in future days, in order to -snuff up sensuously the very smell of such a jolly good tale. Ah, these -others were a merry company, and they swung very rightly on creaking -gallows, or walked the plank into glittering foreign seas, for crimes -which would show saintly white upon the Potsdam flag. They were bad men, -but witless, too; they did such petty sins, imagined such small crimes. -If they bullied a little boy, we thought them already damnable rascals! -One little boy! Anybody could count him on their fingers; but we need -the higher mathematics to compute the wrong of Potsdam. It is like -weighing Saturn, or measuring Lucifer; we must go outside our world to -do either. - -Better the lonely gibbet on the heath than the stalled ox of Potsdam; -let us walk the plank like the honest murderers we are, and go to the -perdition that suits with our knaveries and cruelties and black crimes; -but let us from creaking chain and blanched sea-sand enter a protest -against having the Berlin brood fathered on us; nay, sirs, must even the -good fat swine in his filth be compared with such as these? - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_It Looks So in Serbia_ - - -It emphatically does _not_ look so in Serbia. No artist dare portray the -infamous truth of it. I have found something of that in the report of an -inquiry conducted by Dr. Reiss, of the Lausanne University, in such of -the devastated districts as were not left in the actual occupation of -the enemy. “Belgium was a mothers’ meeting to it,” as some phrase-maker -put it. All that was worst in a nation, of whom a tolerant general -opinion held that it was unfortunate rather than unkindly, came out in -that second version of the “punitive expedition” of which the first -ended so ingloriously. - -It is an attribute of chivalry to respect courage, and of civilization -to hold under control the passions that blaze up in the furnace of war. -Austria has eternally forfeited her reputation for chivalry and culture. -She has chosen to range herself with her allies: with the Germans of -Aerschot, Termonde, Dixmude; with the Turks of the Armenian holocausts; -with that glorious squadron of Bulgarian cavalry that charged and sabred -a square of defenseless prisoners. - -The first Austrian legions, underestimating their enemy, broke -ignominiously against the intrepid mountaineers. They came back in -overwhelming force and wreaked their vengeance for their former defeat -with a more than German frightfulness. - -One dare not take the responsibility of referring readers to Dr. Reiss’s -book. Its cold precision, its scientific tabulation, its sickening -photographs, make up a nightmare horror which should be thrust upon no -one who can avoid it. - -But if there be a recording angel---- - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Victory by Imposture_ - - -The peacemaker, Ford, is sailing away in a boat, with the flag of the -United States at the stern, leaving behind him the four Germanic Powers. -On their alliance is inscribed: “Victory! Victory! Colossal victory!”; -but the alliance is only a life-buoy, and the Powers are struggling in -the sea of fate, and are in imminent danger of drowning. They strive by -loud words to maintain to the world their pretense of victory; but it is -all sham, and they know that their lives are at stake. The whole fabric -of the German alliance is to this artist a morally gigantic imposture, -and rests on an elaborate system for duping the surrounding world. -Austria, Bulgaria, and Turkey have enough to do to hold on to the -life-buoy and save themselves from death. Turkey has a bad grip, and -looks as if he could hardly cling on. Bulgaria is, if possible, worse -situated; Ferdinand holds with one hand and with his chin. The Emperor -of Austria has his shoulder well over the life-saving buoy, but although -the hold is good, his physical strength is failing. The Kaiser alone has -a firm hold and plenty of strength left, but he has already been under -water, for his helmet is dripping; and his cry for help is addressed to -the retreating peacemaker. The boasting words inscribed on the alliance -are addressed to the surrounding world, but the word that comes from his -heart is a cry for peace. - -When this cartoon was published, Germany was apparently going on from -victory to victory. Many people feared that the Prussian victory was -assured, but Raemaekers never doubted. His confidence in the victory of -truth and justice never failed for an instant. In his cartoons he sees, -like a prophet or a poet, right into the heart of the great movements in -history. It is not that he conveys the impression of mere blind, -unreasoning confidence in the victory of any particular nation which he -admires, or in which he believes, or which he considers to be most -wealthy and most capable of paying the expenses and supplying the -“silver bullets” in unceasing abundance. His sublime assurance is based -on moral issues; he hates the cruel and the deceitful nation and man, -because among other things they are an outrage on nature, a blotch -disfiguring the fair face of the world, and he knows that a cause which -is based on disregard of international obligations, and buttressed by a -policy of “frightfulness” and a general system of imposture and -deception, must fail. The world of men will not endure it; the divine -order of things has rejected it. He can no more doubt about the issue -than could one of the old Hebrew prophets. He has seen, and he knows. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Shell-Making_ - - -Shells! Shells! In the name of the Prophet, shells! Shells for Britain -and Belgium, for France and Russia and Italy, for Serbia and Roumania! -Shells, shells, and ever more shells! It is a cry with which we are -familiar now, terribly familiar. We remember--though events crowd on so -fast that we forget much--how a year or two ago it was yet more -terrible, for it was a cry unanswered and unanswerable. - -Our little army--so little, but so great in heart--“our dauntless army, -scattered and so small,” _sans_ machine-guns, _sans_ howitzers, _sans_ -shells, _sans_ masks, _sans_ everything, still snatched for us, if not -victory, yet time, time for everything. To-day it has grown from -hundreds to thousands, and thousands to millions, and its munitions have -grown faster still. What were Mr. Montagu’s figures the other day? They -were incredible. Britain’s output of “heavy shell” has been multiplied -_ninety-four_, wellnigh _one hundred_, times. The tale of shells it took -a whole weary year to make in 1914 can now be made in _four days_! - -How has it been brought about? Largely by the enthusiasm, the faith and -fire, of one man and many women,--by Mr. Lloyd George and the workers -who have rallied to his call. - -This picture show’s the process. It is a picture truly striking, -graphic, beautiful, gladdening yet saddening. - -These countless, shapely, well-knit figures bending over their task -eagerly, earnestly; the power-bands revolving, the lathes turning -unceasingly, the tools biting, polishing, finishing; creation in full -swing! - -All the rare gifts of womanhood are here, but how strangely used! What a -pathetic paradox! It is women’s privilege to be the mothers, the nurses, -the ministers, the angels of life. But these are mothers and angels of -death. They know what they are doing. It is for their men, their babes, -their honor, they transform themselves. All the woman’s love and -passion, her enthusiasm, her neat and delicate hand, her docility are -here, making, moulding these shining shells, multitudinous as their -namesakes of the ocean; and like them each is fashioned nicely to -pattern, voluted, enamelled, burnished, with their strange knobs and -grooves the product of long evolution, exact and right, and then stacked -gross by gross, and thousand by thousand, canned earthquakes, bottled -death, to be broken and to break to-morrow in the storms and on the -ridges of war. - -_Dux femina facti!_ What work to-day is not woman’s? - -Shells, shells, ever more shells! - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Another Australian Success_ - - -A London snapshot in lighter mood and a pretty compliment to the -Australians, who are cutting out Jack, Tommy, and even Sandy in bonnet -and kilt, under the shadow of Nelson’s lions. Well, none but the brave -deserve the fair, and no one grudges them their success. - -But the picture may be read in a different sense. After all, whose is -the success here? If there were one Australian and two girls, now, that -would be something like success. Too much success, indeed! He might say: -“How happy could I be with either!” The girl does not say that; no girl -ever does. She wants them both and apparently she has got them. The -success is hers, and other girls will certainly grudge it to her, -particularly, one fancies, those in Australia, who may have their own -reasons for a qualified approval of conquests in Trafalgar Square. So -Britannia’s sons may be cut out, but Britannia’s daughter carries off -the honors and redresses the balance. - -This snapshot, by the way, was evidently taken before London was laid in -ruins by Zeppelins (see the Wolff Bureau and German papers _passim_). - -A. SHADWELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Sea the Path of Victory_ - - -The Kaiser and the Prussian people doubtless encourage themselves by -remembering the tremendous struggle which Frederick, so-called the -Great, waged against an almost overwhelming coalition of the neighboring -peoples, but they carefully and intentionally forget that Prussia had as -its ally throughout that desperate struggle of the Seven Years’ War the -power of England, which it hates. It deliberately forgets that the sea -was always open then, that its friends could come and go, and that -supplies of every kind could be brought in over a friendly “German -Ocean.” It has often been said that the Kaiser, when he fixed the date -for the beginning of the war, had forgotten to take counsel with the -naval command, but there seems no reason to doubt that at least he took -counsel with Tirpitz, the responsible head of the navy. - -Tirpitz was not a man to be ignored, but neither was he a man whose -opinion about naval strategy was to be trusted. He has shown himself a -typical German organizer, marvellously excellent in the building of a -fleet of ships, but his ignorance of the real principles of naval -warfare and of naval power has proved itself to be colossal and truly -Germanic. It would surprise no one if history should hereafter disclose -that Tirpitz, through some quaint perversion of reasoning power, had -come to the conclusion that the time for the war had arrived at the end -of July, 1914. The true principle of naval power manifests itself -steadily in the course of history, and the artist in this cartoon -expresses it through the figure of the hydraulic press, under which the -Kaiser is being slowly crushed. Beneath the irresistible weight of its -descent his sword is bending and useless; it will soon break. The figure -of the hydraulic press is more apt than the phrase which was applied to -the Russian armies at the beginning of the war by the English press. The -“steam-roller” has proved itself a singularly unsuitable figure to -express the strength of the Russian armies, for it is totally unlike the -lightning strategy of Brussilof or the enduring blows of the Grand Duke. - -To Raemaekers the hydraulic press becomes a sort of compendium of naval -power; and a quaint resemblance to the turrets and protruding guns of a -fleet of battleships is imparted by the artist to the upper parts of the -engine. The sea is the friend of Britain. The sea expresses its -friendship in many ways. It is the friend of the Netherlands to save -that country from German invasion, and it is the instrument through -which Great Britain crushes down the armies of Prussia. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Balaam and his Ass_ - - -We know the story of the oracles of Balaam as narrated in chapters XXII -and XXIII of “Numbers.” Balaam is sent for by Balak, king of the -Moabites, in order that he might curse the children of Israel whose -invasion threatened Moab with dire peril. Balaam first refuses to -journey to Balak; then, subsequently, he is induced to change his mind. -Riding on his ass the prophet accompanies the princes of Moab, and on -his way is confronted by the angel of the Lord. The ass, much wiser than -his master, dares not pass. Balaam, who could not see the obstacle in -the path, struck his ass three times. Thereupon his eyes were opened, -and the ass, speaking with the mouth of a man, rebuked the prophet for -his senselessness and his brutality. In the sequel, though Balaam meets -with Balak, he is not permitted to curse; he can only bless the children -of the Lord. - -This is the story which is in Raemaekers’ mind in his spirited cartoon. -Balaam is, of course, the German emperor; his ass is the long-suffering -German people, forced by threats to advance over millions of strewn -corpses and rotting skulls, and the angel in the path bears on its -shield the words Justice, Liberty, Humanity. - -Unlike the prototype whom Raemaekers has selected, the German emperor -refuses to recognize that his real opponent in the tremendous war is the -civilized conscience of mankind. But the German people is beginning to -understand and realize at what appalling cost it is being sent to the -shambles. Perhaps in time the eyes of the Kaiser himself may be opened, -and when that day of enlightenment comes he will discover that no amount -of iron crosses or lying telegrams will induce the German fatherland to -fight any longer against the ordinances of God. - -Far away on the horizon are to be observed the funeral crosses which -reveal so eloquently the history of the war. For, indeed, the best and -bravest youth of most of the nations of Europe is being sacrificed to -suit the truculent ambition of a blind and reckless autocrat. - -W. L. COURTNEY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_A Genuine Dutchman_ - - -Ever since the great poet, Willem Bilderdijk, more than a hundred years -ago, finding the intellectual life of his country submerged in Teutonic -sentimentality, turned the German doves out of the temple of the Dutch -Muses, Holland has followed the intellectual example of France more than -that of any other country. The Dutch have a passion for individualism -which carries them in a direction exactly opposite to the moral and -artistic tyranny of Prussian _Kultur_, and gives a totally different -coloring to their respect for mental distinction. But the insidious -propaganda of Berlin had of late done fresh mischief, and when the war -broke out a considerable portion of the Dutch clergy and a small but -violently militant university clique of professors showed themselves -surprisingly bitter against the Allies, and particularly against France. -There was a reflection of this in the ruling class, while the conduct of -the Government, although perfectly correct in regard to the Entente -Powers, was not considered by the mass of the Dutch people to protect -the nation vigilantly enough against the coarse propaganda of Germany. - -In Raemaekers’ cartoon we see this propaganda in action. A corpulent -journalist, _boche_ of the _boches_, fitted out with plenty of money and -a suit of Dutch peasant clothes provided by Wilhelmstrasse, struts about -in Holland, and being now “a genuine Dutchman,” will start a newspaper -in the German interest. But the real Dutch see through him and laugh at -his pretensions. - -The fall of Mr. Trub, the eminent statesman whose sympathies were openly -with the Allies, was considered in Germany to be a triumph for Teutonic -intrigue in Holland. The success of Mr. Cort van der Linden seemed to -confirm this impression. But the corpulent and bearded _boche_, in whom -Raemaekers symbolizes the secret journalistic work of Germany in -Holland, acted too insolently and went too far. He awakened the -Vaderlandsche Club, or Club of Patriots, which has been formed -specifically to guard Dutch interests and to oppose with vigor the -advances of Germany. The response with which this association has been -greeted in all parts of the country; the discomfiture of the “Toekomst,” -the newspaper mainly financed by our stout friend in the baggy breeches; -and the sustained prosperity of the “Telegraaf,” the patriotic journal -which Germany attempted first to purchase and then to suppress, show -that Holland can distinguish a travestied Prussian from “a genuine -Dutchman.” - -EDMUND GOSSE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Another Victory for the Germans_ - - -There is not much laughter in this war, but when Raemaekers chooses he -can recall to us for a little while the hearty, lung-filling delight of -other days. And here we have it. A Kaiser so prayerfully, passionately -ridiculous, a Tirpitz so stupendously, monumentally coy, and a cause for -rejoicing so very slender, must tickle even a hyphenated sense of humor. -Since the Battle of Jutland, of course, the joke is better still. But -even before that the German Navy was the one item in the German array -which could legitimately be found amusing, rather than painful. - -Did not the Germans, bottled up in Kiel, announce that they were roving -the seas looking for the British Navy, which at the same time, they -said, was cowering in its East Coast harbors? And did not our official -report of the Battle of the Bight begin with that sublimely -unselfconscious phrase, “Starting from a point near Heligoland, a -squadron of our fleet,” etc., etc.? Look at Heligoland on the map, for -every time one looks at it it is really farther from England and nearer -Germany than one had remembered; farther from our East Coast havens, and -nearer to that corked bottle of German fizz, the Kiel Canal. Those first -six words are a naval victory in themselves. - -So we can enjoy with special zest the idea of the Kaiser, bold and noble -baron, violating the modesty of village-maiden Tirpie with his ardent -embraces, because she has played _Una_ so beautifully that even the lion -did not know she was there! - -H. PEARL ADAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Submarine “Bags”_ - - -Most of the horrors committed in civilized societies are the work of men -or women who loathe the things they do, but would rather do the thing -they loathe than endure some other evil that seems intolerable. The -wretched Crippen poisons his wife, not because he hates her, or takes -any pleasure in killing her, but because her continued existence makes -the kind of life he wishes to lead impossible. But crime--and -particularly murder--seems to have a fascination of its own. It is a -truth preserved to us in the popular phrase, “tasting blood.” Those who -come under the spell grow into maniacs, fiends in human shape, who, -having plotted their first murder to gain some end that seems -irresistibly desirable, find an unexpected and terrible excitement in -it, and go on to the second from an irresistible desire to taste that -dreadful pleasure again. These men are the legendary figures of -horror--Bluebeard of the nursery, Jack the Ripper of history. - -When Germany resolved to assault the civilization of the centuries and -conquer the western world before that world grew too strong to be -conquered, having no other motive than to annex the territories and -steal the wealth of neighboring nations who had done her no harm, she -embarked upon a course of crime on so vast and appalling a scale that -she was doomed to exemplify in her own monstrous person the whole -psychology of crime. It is quite likely that the first murders committed -in Belgium were done not for the love of killing, but with the excellent -(?) military purpose of terrorizing a conquered population, and so -lessening the necessity for a garrison to keep them in order. The first -murders of English men, women, and children, perpetrated at the -bombardment of Yarmouth, Scarborough, and Whitby, may have been intended -merely as a demonstration that Germany could strike even at an island -that was impregnable. The first use of the submarine against a merchant -ship may have been made in the hope that a mere demonstration of -frightfulness would save her from the necessity of repeating it, by -frightening every trading ship off the sea. But indulgence in blood -brought upon our enemy the cruellest of all punishments. It brought an -insatiable appetite, until the killing of old men and boys, but -particularly of women and small children, has become a thing necessary -to the men that do it and to the nation that sends them on their mission -of murder. - -ARTHUR POLLEN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Within the Pincers_ - - -Raemaekers is a citizen of a small neutral nation, and it is a great -part of his European significance that he has perceived that such -nations cannot really remain neutral in an ultimate and spiritual sense -in a conflict like the present one. Whether they shall remain neutral in -a purely political sense is a matter for them and for them alone to -decide; and the Allies--in marked contrast to the consistent policy of -Prussia--have made many sacrifices in this war rather than violate -justice by attempting to interfere with their liberty of decision. - -The fact remains that there is no small, free State in Europe which does -not know that the victory of Prussia would be the end of its freedom. -Were so abominable a conclusion to this war still thinkable, it is -certain that the independent self-governing thing called Holland would -exist no more. Her fate would, indeed, be ultimately worse than that of -the martyred and ravaged Belgian nation; for she would not even be able -to point to a heroic legend of resistance such as has always presaged -the resurrection of murdered nationalities. She would simply be a part -of the Prussian Empire. No Dutchman, with the memory of the great -historic achievements of his race before his eyes, desires her to become -that. - -Indeed, it is the whole condemnation of Prussia that no human being -outside the limits of her direct control could possibly desire such a -fate for his own people. Yet that is unquestionably the fate that would -have befallen every free people in Europe had the conspiracy, so long -matured by Prussia, and so nearly successful, accomplished what its -promoters hoped. - -CECIL CHESTERTON. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_German Poison_ - - -“Now’s our chance; he’s asleep.” Mr. Raemaekers is, it must be -remembered, a Dutchman, and a certain percentage of his “picture -sermons” is addressed especially to the “congregation of faithful Dutch -people” and meant first and foremost to be understood, and taken to -heart, by them. This is one. A German officer, whose spurs act as a sort -of cloven hoof and betray his real character, is posing as a Dutch -pastor, or _Predikant_. He wears the preacher’s gown and the white bands -of his sacred office, and holds before his face an elaborate and -ingenious mask, representing the fat and foolish face, the snowy -whiskers and innocent “goggles” of a pastor, surmounted by his -professional tall hat, which it will be noticed is only the front half -of the “cylinder.” The contrast of the real face behind the mask, with -its grin of low cunning, is very clever. - -Armed with this disguise, he has crept up to a Dutch fisherman, a -Vollendammer or some one of this sort, in his fur cap, and broad-beamed -breeches, peacefully sleeping on the shores of the Zuyder Zee, and, like -_Hamlet’s_ treacherous stepfather, “stealing upon his secure hour” pours -into his ear from a phial the “leperous distilment” of falsehood, which, -if it is not to take his life, is to poison his mind and whole being. - -For the Dutch, doubtless, there is some special allusion, and perhaps -the mask may suggest a portrait. But for all men everywhere the meaning -is patent enough. Poison gas and poisoned wells are not the only -poisoned weapons the German has used against the Allies--including our -Dutch compatriots in Southwest Africa--or against neutrals the world -over. The moral air we breathe, the wells of truth--he has sought to -poison these also, and has not hesitated to enlist either the Catholic -priest or the Lutheran pastor in his sinister service. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Organization of Victory by Imposture_ - - -The professorial pedant who directs the internal administration of the -Prussian autocracy has created a system which justly rouses the -admiration of all who study the methods of cleverness and ingenuity. The -last ounce of food is weighed out, the last egg is counted and -distributed, and the last pfennig is taken from the safe of the private -individual for the use of the State and replaced by the paper of War -Loans. It is an astonishing triumph of economy and skill, but to -Raemaekers it is all imposture. Such achievements of mere cleverness -mean nothing to him; he knows that this is not the truth of the world, -for he cannot hear in it any trace of the harmony and the divine music -of the universe; and here he points the real fact that lies under and -behind this whole pretentious sham. The very ham which lies on the table -is merely wood, painted to look like a ham, while the safe is labelled -in Dutch with the words: “All is gold that glitters in here.” The wisdom -of experience struck out the proverb “All is not gold that glitters,” -but the official direction of the German Empire will have it that -everything that glitters in the German _bureau_ is gold. The future will -reveal whether that proverb or the new professorial dictum is correct. -The Dutch artist has no doubt about it. - -The official who is now putting on his coat is going to button it over a -great cushion of imposture, which will give him the appearance of good -feeding and good condition of body. He has arranged his wares to deceive -the people and to make them think that they have everything, when they -have only the barest minimum. What more should they require? Everything -that is needed is at their disposal, whether it be food or wood. What -more could they want? The world wants a good deal more, but the docile -German is content--up to a certain point. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Wittenberg_ - - -The “Black Hole of Calcutta” and the “Well of Cawnpore,” those dark -spots on the history of India, stand out in their blackness against -fairly light surroundings. Wittenberg, as dark in its way as either, -scarcely stands out in the History of Brutality which is the history of -the German conduct of the great war. - -The terrible thing about Germany is the fact that she seems to have -taken out letters patent for vileness; that vileness has become her -right and prerogative, and that the neutral nations have accepted the -fact as a natural one. - -A very mean man, once he gets a reputation for meanness, can commit mean -acts without raising much adverse comment. - -In the same way Germany, by a system of uniform brutality, can commit -“Wittenbergs” without creating any great excitement in the minds of -neutral onlookers. - -If England were to starve her German prisoners and set dogs on them and -thrash them, and force them to labor after the fashion of Germany, the -howl of outraged neutrals would be heard through the two Americas and -the Scandinavias. - -Germany does these things and worse, and there is no excitement over the -business. It is the German method. - -But, thank God, the future of humanity is not in the hands of the -neutrals, and the men whose part it will be to punish crimes will -remember Wittenberg. If not, Raemaekers will remind them. - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Broken Alliance_ - - -The birth of Italy as a national unity was one of the great events of -Europe, and nowhere was this struggle of a people toward freedom and a -right to decide the future destiny of Italy more sympathetically -encouraged, more warmly applauded, than in England. Then were laid and -firmly set the foundations of friendship which were later to bring Italy -and England into close and lasting alliance. Italian freedom was, -however, long hampered by the yoke of forced subservience to the Central -European Powers. - -Germany, more positive in her policy than Great Britain, lost no time in -riveting on Italy’s wrists the fetters of financial, industrial, and -commercial thraldom. Englishmen, who could have prevented this, did -nothing, and the new country, without developed resources, fell an easy -prey to the barbarous German and the bullying Austrian. In this cartoon -Raemaekers has succeeded in typifying the dominant feature of Austrian -rule. The face of Austria is that of the bullying, brutal, and bestial -police official, who sought to drive Italy as he has been accustomed to -drive the unfortunate races which a series of cold-blooded and -calculating international conferences and agreements have put under his -heel. - -The German type, the bland Hun, we are familiar with; the Austrian is -new. He stands, _kourbash_ in hand, baffled and snarling at the thought -of freedom--for to him freedom is anathema. It is true that nothing was -more certain than that Italy would break her manacles. Strong in the -virile force of a people sentient with national purpose and every day -more truly finding themselves, no greater blow has been struck at the -military despots of Berlin than the breaking free of Italy. The war has -brought into being the real, new Italy--serious of purpose and ardent of -aspiration--who till now has been unable to show herself, cramped and -fettered by the medieval military chains of Germany and Austria. - -ALFRED STEAD. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Shower-Bath_ - - -President Wilson lends himself to caricature and the art of the -cartoonist almost as readily as does the Kaiser himself. We fancy that -the war will be over ere the average British mind grasps either the -magnitude of the task of the President of the United States or the -underlying principles which have actuated him throughout. - -It has been the custom with many people (and this has been as marked in -the United States as in Great Britain) to condemn the President for “kid -glove” diplomacy, weakness, and indecision. And upon the surface one is -bound to admit that there appear to be grounds for both criticism and -disappointment. One would need to have the archives of the Foreign -Office at one’s disposal to form a just and perfectly informed judgment -concerning President Wilson’s “line of least resistance.” - -Perhaps an American has put the matter as succinctly as anyone. “It -needs a really strong man,” he said, “to keep one’s fingers out of a pie -like the European War. A free people do not see another free people, and -a weak nation at that, trampled, murdered, and destroyed, at least for -the time being, by the greatest fighting machine in Europe without -wanting to cut in. But I guess the best day’s work America and Wilson -have done for the Allies has been to keep out of it. Some day you’ll see -that we were cutting ice for you all the time.” - -Time will perhaps make clear what some of us only suspect. - -Whatever shortcomings President Wilson may appear to us to have as an -active champion of right and civilization against hideous wrong and -barbarism, he is a past-master in the art of the diplomatic shower-bath, -as the Kaiser and his unscrupulous minions in the United States have -discovered more than once. Every attempt to lead him into hostile acts -toward the Allies, every skilful diplomatic ruse which was engendered -with the object of involving America in hostilities, has been quietly -but effectively countered by the President. He appears to have had the -chain of the shower-bath ever in his hand. And the verbal “douches” -administered, though couched in the unemotional phraseology of -diplomacy, have always been effective. The officials of the -Wilhelmstrasse must have abandoned hope long ago. And, in the words of -an American friend, “they must turn up their collars and get out -umbrellas and prepare for some rain when a diplomatic note arrives from -Wilson.” - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Anniversary Bouquet_ - - -There remain yet a few people who state that, in beginning this world -war, Germany did not anticipate such slaughter as she has had to -compass; but these are the people who have not studied the apostle of -war whom Raemaekers portrays as presenting this bouquet of babies’ -heads. This cartoon was first published in August, 1915, and was -commemorative of the results of one year of war. It gained in -significance during the second year, for to Belgium must be added -Serbia, scene of unspeakable crimes against the civilian populace, and -Armenia, of which the full horrors will never be told, since none of the -victims remain to tell them. - -In these later days, when the whole world can see that Germany is -fighting a losing fight, one might admire the grim way in which the -victors are made to pay for every step of the path they have yet to -tread; if their hands were clean one might call magnificent the dogged -courage of the fighting men who resist our own. But the list of -slaughtered women and children is too long, the violation of the laws of -humanity is too complete. This grinning barbarian with his bouquet is -the German that the world will remember, not those exceptions to his -kind who, by humanity in the presence of wounded enemies, have made -themselves noteworthy--merely by their rarity. - -In the last phase of the war, that in which approaching defeat is -plainly evident, the German fights well--and so does a rat when it is -cornered. Raemaekers’ symbol of the bouquet is not less to be kept in -mind, nor would there be any hope of justice in the settlement if the -victors, in generosity to a beaten foe, should forget it. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Stranded Submarine_ - - -The circumstances of the incident depicted in this cartoon are well -known. A British submarine was stranded, helpless, on the Danish coast. -Its men were lined up--as men once lined up on the _Birkenhead_--and -stood at attention while German guns poured shell on them and their -craft. Further, this happened in Danish territorial waters, where, by -all the laws of humanity, and by the law of nations as well, the crew of -the submarine were entitled to consider themselves immune. Had there -been any respect for international law on the part of their aggressors, -they would have been immune. - -Now, if one observes the faces of the two German naval officers in the -cartoon, it is easy to understand why such outrages as this have come -about. Raemaekers knows his German, and, whether he is portraying -officer or man, emperor or soldier, he takes care in each case to bring -out the fact that the man represented belongs to a nation that has -either lost, or has not yet found, a soul. These two who stand above the -guns are two of the world’s materialists, men who understand only that -the end must be accomplished, no matter what the means may be. - -From their soulless philosophy has arisen not only incidents like these, -but the manufacture of a German God, such as the speeches of the Kaiser -describe. There has arisen, too, the denial of Western Christianity -altogether in a certain patronage of Islam, designed to placate Turkish -opinion, a patronage that is inconsistent even with the worship of the -German God. It is all means to the one end, world domination. Germany -has set out to gain the whole world, and has lost what soul she had. -Striving to set herself above the law, she has merely placed herself -outside the law, and for this her punishment is at hand. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Herod’s Nightmare_ - - -Certain publications in neutral countries, notably in America, have -given room in their pages during the course of the war to little -sketches--obviously part of the German system of propaganda--designed to -show that the Allied estimate of German barbarities is at the very least -a huge exaggeration, and is possibly altogether fabricated. The term -“undue sentimentality” is frequently used; travelers in the occupied -territories are represented as seeing the inhabitants quite contented -under German rule and surprised at the mention of atrocities. Their -conquerors are quite good people, necessarily subjecting them to strict -discipline, but in no way unjust. There _may_ have been atrocities -somewhere, at some time, but these travellers cannot get any reliable -accounts of them. - -Many of the papers that publish this sort of thing are probably quite -ignorant of its source; others, of course, do so with full knowledge of -the merits of the case and of the reason for its publication. Evidence -collected on oath from sufferers is ignored, and so cleverly are these -little sketches done that one is inclined to believe the German is not -so black as he has been painted. - -But not one of these sketches ever ventures near the subject of the -_Lusitania_, the _Arabic_, the Scarborough bombardment, or Louvain--or -any other of those horrors that are established beyond question in the -minds of men. And wherever these German efforts at lulling the world’s -conscience by sophistries appear, there should this cartoon appear also, -as a corrective. Throughout half the world these murdered children lie -under earth and water, and to forget them in the day when Germany fears -to add more to their number would be to share this modern Herod’s -infamy. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“My Beloved People”_ - - -The old emperor of Austria was said to have very vague ideas about the -present war. According to one fairly well authenticated story, he -sometimes fancied himself in 1866, and hoped that his troops were -killing a great many of those infernal Prussians. But Ferdinand of -Bulgaria is no imbecile. He is not a very able man, though certain -journalists have extolled his talents; he is merely cunning and -ambitious. His subjects do not love him. He is very extravagant, and -preferred, even before the war, to spend some eight months of the year -in other countries, where the opportunities for amusement are greater -than at Sofia. He is also a great stickler for etiquette, which his -subjects despise, and his court is a queer mixture of complicated -ceremony and bohemian license. - -The Bulgarians have always disliked him, and his policy in involving -them in a war with Russia is not likely to stimulate their loyalty. We -cannot wonder that he feels safer in a neutral country, such as -Switzerland. Bulgaria is a classic land of political assassination; -every year several unpopular politicians are “removed,” and no one -thinks much about it. Ferdinand’s chances of dying in his bed are not -favorable, unless he decides to say good-bye to his “beloved people.” In -that case, he may find distraction at Monte Carlo, which knows him well; -and the sturdy peasants of Bulgaria, who have many good qualities, will -be well rid of a knave. - -W. R. INGE, _Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral_. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_On Their Way to Verdun_ - - -Some time ago Louis Raemaekers drew a cartoon entitled “On Their Way to -Calais,” representing German corpses floating toward the sea. It will be -remembered that the Belgians let water into their dykes and so flooded -great tracts of the northern country. The inundation was one of the -obstacles--added to the determination of the Allies-which balked the -second great ambition of the Kaiser. If he failed in winning Paris, he -thought that at least he might win Calais. - -The present picture portrays another of the German failures. The road to -Verdun is blocked not only by the gallant resistance of the French, but -by the heaps of German slain, amounting, we are told, to at least five -hundred thousand men. In six months the enemy gained only a mile or so -of country, and though the furious attacks continue, there is no reason -for thinking they will be more successful than those which have broken -down in the past. - -Why the Germans elected to make their desperate assault on Verdun is -another matter. Probably many motives entered into the decision. The -German higher staff clearly underrated the fighting value of the French. -After the much-advertised determination to smash the Russians on the -Eastern frontier, and perhaps to press forward and capture Petrograd, it -seemed necessary to gain some triumph in order to satisfy the wishes of -Berlin and impress the Allies with the invincible character of the -Teuton hosts. Supposing the enemy succeeded in taking Verdun, it would -at all events be a spectacular victory, even though the military -advantages might not be great. If the attack failed, at all events it -might succeed in one of its objects--to destroy the French morale. -Therefore the Crown Prince, whose susceptibilities were also to be -considered, was set to work to destroy the French salient, and he has -sacrificed division after division to accomplish his purpose. - -The Crown Prince has not obtained much distinction in the present war, -and if the object was to crown him with laurels of victory, the result -has been disastrous. To lose as many as five hundred thousand men, when -the question of man-power is becoming serious for the Central Empires, -is a reckless policy which could only be justified, if justified at all, -by a colossal success. As we know, in six months’ fighting the positions -remained very much the same--attack and counter-attack, loss and gain, -masses of Germans driven up to slaughter and the French still holding -the much-coveted positions. Both east and west of the Meuse the story -has been the same. - -Mr. Raemaekers’ picture remains as true to the facts as ever it was. “On -Their Way to Verdun” is a history of enormous massacre and little -triumph for the Germans, to whom Verdun appeared originally an easy -prey. - -W. L. COURTNEY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Bethmann-Hollweg’s Peace Song_ - - -One felt interested in the “Campaign for Honorable Peace,” until it was -learned that the propagandists designed to proceed on Herr -Bethmann-Hollweg’s formula. But the map to which the German Chancellor -referred has already altered since he offered it as a basis for -negotiation, and before the German speakers have stumped the Fatherland -it may happen that still deeper modifications will appear on the -existent lines. The “honorable peace” at present in the minds of Prince -Wedel and his committee bears a suspicious resemblance to a very -respectable victory for Germany, and it is only the continued, carefully -fostered ignorance of that country that can make the forthcoming -campaign less ridiculous to the German man-in-the-street than it appears -to ourselves. The Kaiser’s sham door is still stuffed with high -explosives, and Herr Bethmann-Hollweg’s tears will help to water no -olive branch. - -Consider the only possible conditions of peace that do not involve a -treasonable attitude of mind in England and the Allies, and then observe -Germany’s attitude to those conditions. - -We may reduce the vital points to three, with M. Gustave Hervé; and in -taking his terms, be it remembered that we speak with the lips of a -great man and a great pacifist. - -He recognizes the awful need to destroy the domination of the Central -Powers and crush German militarism for the sake of his own ideals; and, -that done, dreams of the only possible peace and sees it based on a -triple foundation. The first and obvious need is that which the Union of -Democratic Control and those who think in its terms seem unable to -perceive as the most vital: a defeated Germany. Germany is the obstacle -that militates against any sort of future safety for great or small -States. It follows, therefore, that until we can impose our peace ideal -upon her, no Allied peace worthy the name is possible; and since our -terms must be profoundly distasteful to Germany and her first -accomplice, it is vain to present them until her power to decline them -has been destroyed. - -Only from a vanquished Germany may the remaining vital conditions of -peace follow. With her defeat she must be called upon to scrap the fatal -poisons that led to her insanity, and take her daily food no more from -the hands of war lords, hireling professors, and publicists. She must be -cleansed, freed of her seven devils, and taught that the only sovereign -power human progress can henceforth recognize is the sovereignty of a -people’s will. For the fighting kingdoms know now at this bitter cost -one eternal truth: that not nations, but their rulers will wars and make -them. - -If ideals of internationalism falter before this condition, and M. -Hervé’s peace will increase the enthusiasm of nationality, his -far-reaching view sees greater hopes beyond. For his third stipulation -allows no subject peoples. He would have Europe found a practical and -living system of justice upon these ruins--a system sprung of honor and -honesty, and based on international physical strength. - -From such a system federation must sooner or later spring, and the peace -ideals of nationalist and internationalist alike grow from dreams into -realities. - -The victory that can win such terms will in truth be “a victory of -industry, commerce, the arts, and humanity.” - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_A German “Victory”_ - - -Although this manifestation of the German spirit is new, and belongs to -this war only, yet the spirit itself is as old as Prussian power. That -spirit was evident in 1813, in the Napoleonic wars; it was evident in -the campaign of Sadowa, and again in the Franco-German war of 1870, when -the murder of women and children was proved to be the Prussian form of -retaliation for perfectly legitimate acts of war. This cartoon, which -first appeared after one of the earlier Zeppelin raids on England, gives -another result of the Prussian belief in terrorism as an aid to war; the -result is new, but the policy behind it is old. - -Because that policy is old, and is a deep-rooted principle of -Prussianism, any talk of “peace terms” is futile, and the “honorable -peace” of which German deputies talk in their gatherings is an -impossibility. There can be no terms for the nation that does these -things, no bargaining with it, and the world that has wakened to the -real nature of the thing which has attacked civilization will take care -that the thing itself has no power to impose “terms” in the day when -peace returns. - -It is worth noting that Germany alone among the nations has built -Zeppelins, and worthy of note, too, that these machines have served no -useful military purpose in the decisive actions of the war. Along the -battle fronts they do not appear, for they are too fragile to be risked -in purely military work. In the great naval battle of Jutland they -served no useful purpose, and the war has proved them instruments of -murder, safe only in darkness and undefended areas. And in saying that -Germany alone has built them in fleets, one says that Germany alone has -pinned faith to terrorism and a policy of murder, which is steadily -winning its just reward. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_“Waiting”_ - - -Imperial utterances are, or were till lately, treated with great respect -in Germany. What the “all-highest” says must surely be true. But a -modern oracle, if he wishes to keep his credit, should avoid prediction. -He may falsify the past and misread the present with impunity; but he -will be wise to leave the future alone. The Kaiser has been imprudent. -He began by telling his troops to walk over the “contemptible little -British army,” the finest and most experienced professional soldiers in -the world; next he informed them that they would all be at home again -“at the fall of the leaf,” in 1914; then he hazarded the statement that -Russia was done for, and the Allies generally at the end of their -resources; and lastly the carefully prepared thrust, which, he declared, -was to give France the _coup de grâce_, has missed its aim. - -It is impolite to treat an emperor in this way; he is not used to it and -does not like it. It is the business of his subjects to see that his -reign is a blaze of triumph. A breakdown after so many years of -rehearsals! It is really too bad; there must have been gross -mismanagement somewhere. - -W. R. INGE, _Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral_. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Kaiser as a Diplomatist_ - - -To many people, and especially to all Germans, the attitude of the South -African Boers in the Great War has been one of its most surprising -features. It was not a surprise to Raemaekers, and here, in this -cartoon, he states his reason, as the plain homely figure of the old -President Kruger expresses it to General Christian de Wet, who took the -wrong side. Kruger does not forget how the Kaiser led him on by -telegrams and secret messages of sympathy, and after all, when the war -broke out in South Africa, this same Kaiser made no attempt to implement -his promises. Some time later all the world learned the facts from the -Kaiser’s own lips, when he boasted of having been the friend of the -British and of having helped them during the South African War, by -communicating to General Roberts a strategic plan for crushing the -Dutch. There is certainly no reason to suppose that Roberts or Kitchener -made any use of the Kaiser’s plan, because they won the victory. If they -had used the plan, the result would have been different. - -In this cartoon the Kaiser is the ingenious diplomatist once more. -Though he deceived the Dutch formerly, he is now trying to induce them -to join him against Britain; and he did succeed in perverting the -judgment of de Wet. But the solid, homely sense of the Dutch came to the -right conclusion. The man who has once deliberately deceived a people is -not likely to succeed in deceiving them a second time. - -WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Hun Hypocrisy_ - - -When the history of this war is written with a sense of detachment which -only time can give--written, moreover, by an impartial neutral, with the -insight and intelligence of a Motley or a Hume--it will be interesting -and instructive to read the chapters which deal with the conviction -obsessing an entire nation that England for some mysterious purposes of -her own brought about hostilities, and that Germany, very reluctantly, -was forced to draw the sword in defense of the fatherland. No reasonable -man can doubt that this conviction is sincere upon the part of a large -majority of our enemies. From first-hand evidence it is equally -indisputable that the few, the Court Party, for example, and certain -writers, have frankly admitted the Teuton aims and ambitions, -crystallized into the famous phrase--“Weltmacht oder Niedergang.” The -amazing thing--perhaps the most amazing fact of the war--is the moral -Atlantic which heaves between the few who know and the many who do not. -And the bridging of this illimitable ocean, the future enlightenment of -at least sixty million persons, must be, for the moment, the problem -which is perplexing and tormenting the minds of the Great General Staff. - -Sooner or later--sooner, possibly, than we think--the truth must out. -What will happen then? Conjecture is simply paralyzed at the issues -involved. Briefly, it comes to this: these sixty millions have been -humbugged to an extent unparalleled in history. During three years they -have been gorged with lies, swallowed always with avidity and with -increasing appetite. The credulity of the ignorant may be taken for -granted; in this case it is the credulity of the wise, the so-called -intellectuals of Germany, which clamors to Heaven for explanation. Are -these schoolmasters, publicists, theologians, and scientists hypocrites? -That is the question which our cartoonist puts to us here. That is the -question which the impartial historian will be called upon to answer. - -Englishmen, with the rarest exceptions, have answered that question -already. We believe firmly that the informed Huns deliberately befooled -their uninformed fellow-countrymen. The few were honest and sincere in -the Jesuitical faith that the end, world dominion, justified the means. -They scrapped ruthlessly all principles which stood between themselves -and an insensate ambition. Had they won through to Paris and London, a -nation drunk with victory would have acclaimed their policy. But they -have not won through, and the reckoning has to be met. - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Prussian Guard_ - - -The German army has fought in this war with the Allies in front of it -and behind it the German press. - -Never has a war been accompanied by such ink-shed and such wholesale -massacre of truth. The Allies have done their bit in this direction, but -their bit has been as a mole-hill to Everest compared with the work of -the Central Powers. - -The fighting men resent it. They don’t like to be told that their foe is -a fool, even if they are getting the better of him. When they are -getting the worse the statement is a more peculiarly exasperating -insult. - -They don’t like to be told that their victories are defeats, but they -like even less to be told that their defeats are victories. In the one -case they feel that the press men are fools, in the other they feel that -the press men have made fools of them. - -There is a whole lot of common sense in human nature, even in German -human nature, and an army hit in its common sense receives a blow. - -This is why, perhaps, Hindenburg has been issuing reports lately -approaching the truth. - -There is a lot of common sense in the old Marshal. - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Greek Treachery_ - - -Raemaekers is a keen prophetic politician as well as satirist, and not -seldom his pencil has pointed to future events as yet unanticipated by -our “sufficient for the day” diplomacy. - -One would have thought, however, that the tergiversation of the King of -Greece had made it sufficiently clear no good thing could come out of -his country while he continued to rule it. - -Yet justice must be done to him. To Serbia, indeed, he proved false, -borrowing the “scrap of paper” doctrine from his masters; but to the -Allies he has preserved an unchanging front, and the logical action of -those Powers who affirmed his throne should long ago have been to remove -him from it, when he proceeded to abuse the constitution and deprive -Venizelos of the power the nation had put into that minister’s hands. -Hesitancy and delay have divided a Greece that was united when Venizelos -fell, and the sleepless activity of Germany bears the present fruits--so -poisonous for us. It passes the wit of the man-in-the-street to -understand what secret influence permitted the deadlock; but it seems -hard to believe that difficulties connected with Greece’s future have -not arisen in the councils of the Allies. Soon the hand that is willing -to wound, but afraid to strike, may be powerless to do so, for the -situation develops very swiftly and the attitude of the French Admiral -du Fournet has left no doubt of the Allied determination. - -As we write, after needless bloodshed, Greece gives way, the fighting is -at an end and her batteries of mountain guns are about to be -surrendered. We are told, also, that the refusal of the Government was -not inspired by the King, but by the military, who have formed a secret -league with the reservists. - -The exasperating problem of Greece has delayed progress very seriously -and, indeed, may be seen to have modified the whole course of the war in -the Balkans; for had we enjoyed her confidence and insisted on the -recognition of Venizelos from the first, the country must long since -have become an ally. With her aid, instead of the withdrawal from -Gallipoli, there might have been recorded a triumphant campaign with -radical results. - -But to cry over spilt milk is no business of the present. Concerning the -modern Greek it may be written that “unstable as water, he shall not -excel”; but we can yet hope that with our adequate recognition and -support of the only Greek who counts, his power will triumph and his -great spirit fortify a feeble people. His marvellous patience has been -worthy of our utmost admiration, and those who would withhold absolute -support from him at this critical juncture are certainly not the friends -of Greece. That a country of such majestic tradition--a nation that has -played her paramount part in the philosophy and art of the world--should -be extinguished in this conflagration would not be the least of the -tragedies our eyes may yet see; but the danger still exists, unless a -sterner and more comprehensive attitude be taken to save Greece from -herself and the ruler who is still permitted to occupy her throne. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The World’s Judgment Seat_ - - -The former German Chancellor was well known to be neither a Pan-German -nor a lover of war. He did his best to propitiate the war party by the -truculence of his harangues against England; but Reventlow and his -friends were notoriously dissatisfied with him. He probably belongs to a -large class of moderate-minded Germans who were brought over to the war -party by appeals to their fears. The militarists dinned into their ears -the ominous facts that Russia was reorganizing and increasing her army, -and planning strategic railways; that France was doing the same; that -everything pointed to a concerted attack upon Germany, say in 1917. “It -is absolutely necessary,” they said, “to strike now, before our enemies -are ready.” - -This large class probably included the emperor, and without its -concurrence the war could hardly have been launched. It is natural for -such men to protest that they had no aggressive designs, and that they -only wished to protect themselves against attack. It may be true, as far -as they are concerned; but it is not true of the soldiers who frightened -them for their own ends. Behind the Chancellor, in this picture, hides a -ruffian in uniform. - -It is also true that Germany has conducted the war in such a manner that -that nation is really fighting with a rope round its neck. The moderate -party would now welcome peace. But on what terms? These have been -divulged; but the Allies do not seem to have thought them worth serious -consideration. As long as the military caste is the director of German -policy it does not seem likely that any statesmanlike proposal will come -from Berlin. Meanwhile, Justice holds the scales and waits in vain for -some offer to make reparation for outrages unparalleled in civilized -warfare. - -W. R. INGE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Kaiser’s Cry for Peace_ - - -A drowning man catches at straws. The Kaiser, when the rising waters -threaten to overwhelm his bark, looks for salvation to the dove. - -At fairly regular intervals through the length of the war the German -Chancellor, speaking in his master’s name, has announced to an -unsympathetic world--to the western as well as to the eastern -hemisphere--that Germany is ready, nay is longing, for peace--for peace -on her own terms. None can doubt the sincerity of the declaration. Her -powerful preparations have yielded her, in the field and on the sea, -successes of a kind, but they are successes which decide nothing. Her -reiterated pleas for peace acknowledge that only the voluntary -withdrawal of her foes from the fray can assure her a final triumph. The -Kaiser and his friends profess from time to time that they are weary of -war’s brutalities and are eager to enjoy its spoils unmolested. The -fatuous cry rings very hollow in the ears of the Allies and neutral -peoples alike, and humanity outside Germany and her impotent kinsfolk in -America marvel at the Kaiser’s and his Chancellor’s waste of breath. - -Mr. Raemaekers’ cartoon supplies the key to the situation. The tide, -despite all local and temporary appearances to the contrary, is running -against the Kaiser. His men and money are dwindling. Foolhardy exploits, -which speciously look like victories, are straining his resources to the -breaking point. The waves are buffeting him, and unless the dove, which -he releases from his hand, brings back to him tidings of a falling -flood--tidings beyond all rational hope, his doom is sure. - -SIDNEY LEE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Tit for Tat_ - - -This cartoon illustrates what is, perhaps, the fundamental principle -which governs _Kultur_. The “Will to Conquer” has become such an -obsession that it defies not only law, but also those instinctive and -primitive compromises upon which law establishes itself. The Huns say: -“I hold you to your obligations; I scrap mine.” A Hun can sell munitions -to belligerents. During the Boer War they supplied England with anything -she wanted. But it is monstrous, according to the Hun code, that Uncle -Sam should munition the Allies. The Huns starved the women and children -of France. But it is abominable that Hun women and children should be -starved by England. One could cite a score of such instances. Raemaekers -remembers the treatment accorded by the “All Highest” to Oom Paul. So -does everybody--except, apparently, the “All Highest” himself. He and -his expected the cordial coöperation of the South Africans whom they had -flouted and abandoned. - -To what can we attribute this singular expectation? - -The answer may be found by the psychologist who has imagination enough -to Prussianize himself, and to look, panoramically, at the world from -the Prussian viewpoint. Prussia still believes in _Weltmacht_. A -Prussian is self-constituted a superman. So convinced is he of world -victory that he is amazed and exasperated with those--be they weak or -powerful--who dare to question his future supremacy. That supremacy, as -he admits candidly, must be established by force. He proposes to rule by -fear. He is confounded when he discovers that there are men and women -who do not fear him. In this cartoon Kruger puts a question which it may -be instructive to attempt to answer. - -KRUGER: “You want my people to help you now, and yet when I came to ask -you for help you chased me from your door like a dog.” - -KAISER: “Quite true. I had forgotten your little affair, which was -essentially negligible then as now. Had I helped you, I might have -embroiled myself with a Great Power with whom I was not ready to fight. -To-day, I am ready. Behold in me, my friend, a World-Conqueror! I give -you my All-Highest word that I shall win. What pains and perplexes me is -that you don’t back a certain winner. _Hoch dem Kaiser!_” - -That, in fine, is the Prussian point of view. Woe to those who do not -realize that it “pays” to bow down before the juggernaut of might! - -But there must be moments, ever-recurring moments, when the -“All-Highest” mutters to his august self: “What will become of ME if I -don’t win?” - -And at such moments he may recall the vast and pathetic figure of Oom -Paul, whom he chased from his door like a dog. - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Forced Labor in Germany_ - - -England has always had the credit for hypocrisy. The historic -commonplace, not wholly undeserved, was this, that with the advantages -of Puritanism, we developed its odious features and, from the -Commonwealth, began to thank God we were not as other men. The spirit -then created proved anathema to the Latin nations, and their accusation, -founded on truth, stuck to us. - -But civilization may cede the distinction to Germany henceforth, for -never until now has self-interest been practised and enforced under the -name of God as by the fatherland. Their archaic deity is invoked daily, -from the Kaiser to the last poor boy, whose bloodstained pocket-book is -found upon his corpse, with penciled prayer that the cup may be taken -from him. - -Few things have more illuminated the spirit that actuates Germany’s -higher command than the answer to America’s Note on the subject of the -Belgian and French deportations. - -America, as might have been expected, was peculiarly sensitive before a -return to the principle of slavery. None has known and felt the meaning -of that awful word; none has fought to expunge the fact from -civilization as she did. But her Note met the fate of all her Notes. She -was told that Germany, and not America, is Belgium’s true friend and -that an all-wise and prevenient Government has torn out the remaining -adult population of conquered territory into the bosom of the -fatherland--for its own sake. Such transparent insults to the -intelligence of a great nation were flung at America for two years; but -one must rejoice that the day of reckoning has come. - -Meantime the raided Belgians, of whom a hundred thousand have been swept -into Germany, are working at the point of the bayonet for their -conquerors, and this drawing is no cartoon, but a simple transcript of -truth repeated in a thousand of the enemy’s munition factories to-day. -The German lathe-worker joins the army, and his place is taken by the -father of those he goes to slay. - -And neutral nations still listen patiently, while this people proclaims -itself the “Chosen of the High God.” - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Fall of the Child-Slayer_ - - -This is an artist’s fanciful version of the headlong fall of one of -those inflated monsters on which the enemy had set such high hopes. -Well, we have been inconvenienced not a little by them in our goings and -comings by night, and no one need pretend that he likes bombs being -dropped on his or his children’s heads out of a midnight sky. But in the -old glorious volunteering days we never had such a recruiting sergeant, -so that the military value of the Zeppelin need not be denied. - -Apart from this manifest effect, there has transpired in this whole -business little to disturb the verdict of our optimists that there was -nothing to worry about. They venture only under cover of a darkness -which prevents them hitting what they dimly see from their once safe -heights, which is little, or seeing what they hit, which is -much--England being a biggish mark. - -And advertising their presence as burglars who knock over coal-scuttles, -a boy in an aeroplane flies over them and their miles of aluminium and -acres of silk make a Brock’s benefit for an awakened city to cheer. We -should cheer less, thinking with some pity of the imprisoned crews, if -the affair were conceived with less reckless vagueness, without such -disproportion between aim and result. A blind ape with a ton of high -explosives could do a good deal of damage in a city with ordinary luck. - -But Raemaekers sees this in symbol: “a vulnerable gasbag,” he seems to -say, “flaming, spectacular always, to destruction.” - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Climber_ - - -Fritz, apart from the blood with which he stained every rung of his two -ladders, climbed well, as these things go; unfortunately for him, he was -not careful at the outset to see that his ladders were solidly based. -Not only did he base them both in bad diplomacy, but he added to these -bases a lack of understanding of the temper of the nations whom he -opposed, and then again he added a scrupulous disregard for what are -generally termed the humanities. He viewed mankind as subservient to the -machinery that mankind should control, whether it be machinery of -government, of war, of trade, or of thought and philosophy. Organization -was of more moment to him than the spirit that should control -organization, and for that he will pay the penalty. - -One may observe, with a second glance at this cartoon, that though Fritz -has reached very nearly to the tops of his two ladders, yet he will -never get beyond the last rungs, even if he steadies himself and his -supports sufficiently to get on to those rungs. For over his head there -outthrusts a ledge. Could he surmount it, he might overlook the world, -and one may call that ledge the universal conscience, which the artist -has pictured elsewhere in different form. It is the last obstacle, and -it is insurmountable. With his crimes and cruelties, it is unthinkable -that Fritz should ever finish his climb, for the conscience of the world -will not permit it. - -And yet another point that the cartoon suggests. This climber, the -typical German, is not the stuff of which successful climbers are made. -Muscle is there, and a certain amount of brain, but success in an -enterprise of such magnitude demands a soul, and for sign of that one -may look in vain. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Culture at Wittenberg_ - - -Ecce Homo! - -In the hideous record of what took place at Wittenberg, the fact which -to me, personally, stands out in grotesque salience is the cowardice of -the Hun doctors, who lied, incontinent, from the ravages of the -pestilence which their negligence had provoked. In England, before the -war, Hun doctors were exalted above our own. That we owe much to their -indefatigable patience and research cannot be denied. To belittle their -achievements, especially in bacteriology, would be fatuous. And it would -be as fatuous to indict the courage of the many because we hold -indisputable evidence of the cowardice of the few. Nevertheless, the -facts of Wittenberg remain, an indelible stain upon the Herren -Professoren, and Raemaekers, in this cartoon, indicates unerringly the -cause which brought about so ignominious a retreat. - -They had turned their faces from that ineffable Face which looks down in -sorrow and pity upon the sufferings of Mankind. - -However we may regard that Face, whether as a precious symbol of the -Love which redeemed the world or as a Real and Divine Presence, this -much is certain. What It stands for in the history of civilization -cannot be ignored. It sustained the early martyrs and countless myriads -since during bitter hours of suffering and torment; It has illumined all -battlefields; It shines most steadfastly in storm and stress; It loses -its incomparable splendor only in the sunshine of a too smug prosperity. - -The doctors of Wittenberg may have glimpsed It, and glimpsing It reviled -It! Even to them that Face, divested by them of divine attributes, must -possess a material significance, inasmuch as none can escape sorrow and -pain. The cartoonist portrays the “All-Highest” hiding behind the -colossal image of Culture, the culture which has sprung to life at his -touch, the machine which has mastered its monarch, the machine which -defies God! - -Cowering behind that machine, aghast at the power he is unable to -control, we may leave the “All-Highest,” who boasts that he is God’s -vice-regent upon earth. - -Culture at Wittenberg! - -Culture bolting from Wittenberg! - -Perhaps Raemaekers will give us a cartoon showing the back of Culture. -We behold her in this cartoon crowned: we should like to see her -uncrowned. - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The “Civilians”_ - - -Here, with a vengeance, is majesty shorn of its externals. Although in -this cartoon we get Raemaekers in lighter vein, yet the irony and force -of the artist are as fully expressed as in those grimmer studies from -which he who runs may read the fate of Belgium, of Serbia, and of the -many non-combatants who have found death at sea through Germany’s mad -dream of conquest. - -The elder Willie, obviously, does not like the set of his coat, after -the glory of his many uniforms; the younger Willie, apparently, has -finished his trying on, and from his expression the result is as much as -he could expect, and no more. In both there is that suggestion of -posturing, of playing to the gallery and being determined that the -clothes shall be suited to the part, for which William Hohenzollern was -noted before ever this war showed him as the most infamous ruler of -modern time. - -There is a certain bitter correctness in Raemaekers’ estimate of these -exalted personages. Shorn of their uniforms, posturing before a mirror -in a slightly Parisian (using the adjective in the pre-war, foppish -sense) garb, they show as very little men--rather contemptible, in fact, -as, of course, they are. For it is open to any man to dream of ruling -the world, and of setting nations by the throat for the sake of an -ambition that civilization cannot tolerate; it is open to any head of a -government to set the machinery in motion which might gratify that -ambition--but it is open only to a _man_, in the very best of that one -syllable, to bring his ambition to fruition, and even then only by -strict adherence to natural law. And these two, posturing as Raemaekers -makes them posture here, have ignored law; they had the wit to dream, -but not the brain to make reality of dream, nor the moral sense through -which they might have made the world acknowledge the dream as worth -while translating into actualities. Probably, if they were set in a St. -Helena of to-day, they would fold their arms and try on cocked hats, as -once they tried on uniforms. But though the clothes declare the man, -they cannot make of him other than he is, and these two are mere -posturers, whatever may be their attitudes. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Two Peals of Thunder_ - - -Here the artist has depicted the Kaiser as a modern Ajax, not defying -the lightning but afraid of it. The arch Hun sees the neutral Powers one -by one abandoning their neutrality and entering the lists against him -and his gospel of force and world-power for Germany. Italy, after slow -progress and positive and seemingly disastrous set-backs, has emerged to -the fullness of a success which has proved invaluable to her Allies as a -whole. In Rumania’s dark hour there is yet a gleam of hope and the -indications of a dawn which shall see her triumphant and reaping where -she has sown, and ultimately honored among the nations for the part she -has determined to play in the struggle for freedom and for international -integrity. The reward of high courage and faith is often not at the -moment, but is none the less certain for all that. Truly the keenest of -all edges is upon the sword drawn in the cause of freedom. Rumania has -drawn that sword, and it will not be sheathed until freedom from tyranny -has been won, not alone for her but for the nations of Europe as a -whole. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_A Universal Conscience_ - - -Nothing should have more utterly “staggered humanity” in the conduct and -prosecution of a war that has been from first to last an exhibition of -Hunnish ferocity than the elasticity of the Hun “conscience.” The -Prussian, indeed, seems to have assembled in his person all the most -ignoble qualities of the untutored savage, and the most despicable vices -of the political and moral Chadband and Stiggins of common quotation. -Deeds which should have served to bring the whole neutral world actively -upon the side of the Allies, which should have called forth protests -that could not be misunderstood by the offenders, have been made even -more revolting and unforgivable by reason of the horrible association by -the Kaiser and his myrmidons of the Divine Being with them. - -“Gott mit Uns” has not merely been adopted as a motto by a people who -have been guilty of atrocities which rank with those of Nero and Attila, -but has been used as a cloak for deeds of diabolism which have caused a -shudder to run through the civilized world. And in this cartoon the -artist has sought to depict an outraged conscience pointing the finger -of accusation at the world which has looked on, contenting itself with -mild protests. Grasped in the hand of this accusing figure is the Hun; a -dripping dagger, which has been used to assassinate innocent women, -children, and civilians is in one hand, and a bomb containing poison gas -in the other. A Hun with his favorite motto inscribed upon his belt. -Surely a sight to make angels weep, and the Recording Angel to seek to -veil her face. - -The Hun at bay has added to the list of crimes to be ultimately laid at -his door that of slave-raider. And the tears of women and girls, and the -blood of the men who resisted the slave-raiders, cry aloud to Heaven -from the stricken land of Belgium and the conquered Provinces of France. - -And the slave-raider’s cry is, “Gott mit Uns,” accompanied by the crack -of rifle, the agonized cry of mothers and daughters separated from their -men folk, and the wail of little children left to starve and die. - -There is an old saying, “Whom the gods wish to destroy they first make -mad.” That madness, productive of diabolical wickedness, is eating into -the very brain and vitals of Germany. And like a mad dog she must, in -the persons of her responsible leaders, be destroyed utterly. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Joan of Arc and St. George_ - - -Not only those who are fighting the battle of tyranny and defending -force against the arms of civilization have failed to see this dazzling -white light in which they stand. Many who now support the Central -Kingdoms, to the extent of desiring an indecisive peace, are similarly -blind to the pure ray which bathes these allegorical figures. The -foulness of the shadowed protagonists comes from within. It belongs to -their spirits; and yet those who desire peace can survey facts and, in -the name of righteousness, wish that no humility or indignity should -fall upon them. The hearts of men are being searched out and by their -deeds shall men be judged. Vain, then, to beg that Germany be not thrust -beyond the pale of nations, for who put her there? Vain to pray that no -humiliation or indignity fall to her lot when peace returns, for who -have brought them upon her? She has outraged herself and stands -humiliated before her own conscience. “Let no wound fall upon her -inviolate land,” cry the peacemakers. As well might they pray that a man -shall escape the harvest he has sown. Not Belgium, not Serbia, not -Armenia stream with innocent blood and lie polluted under the filthiness -of these premeditated crimes; but Germany, Austria, Turkey reek to the -hearts of their capitals. Their kingdoms are defiled, their streets -shadowed and stained by their own abominations; the unnumbered ghosts of -murdered women and children haunt their homes. - -Let us hear no more cant that Germany is a great and noble nation, that -the Turk is an honorable, clean fighter and a good friend. We cannot see -one or other of them for the blood and tears of their defenseless -victims; nor do we desire to see them, nor breathe the same air with -them until the lustral waters have washed and the cleansing fires have -purged. We must know with whom we are called to make peace before the -word can touch our lips; for shall honest kingdoms be ordered to treat -with this horned murderer, or the leprous reptile crawling away from the -light into familiar darkness? Let the defeated nations cast out the -devils that have led them into their present degradation before they -dare to call upon the sacred name of Peace. - -A distinguished Academician, Mr. Nicholas Butler, President of Columbia -University, has very effectively voiced the situation in a recent -utterance. He holds that “no greater opportunity for an act of -constructive and far-reaching statesmanship has ever presented itself in -modern history than that now presented to the Governments of the Allied -Powers.” - -May we be found equal to this tremendous task when the way to humanity’s -triumph has been flung open by the spirits of Joan of Arc and St. -George, who typify our united arms. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Bringers of Happiness_ - - -“We will bring happiness to the conquered country after the war.” - -Pomposity, ponderosity, machine-like movement, ruthless, cold, and -calculating logic, which sticks at nothing, not even the lowest of low -cunning, want of sense of humor, the absence of anything like -sportsmanship or chivalry--these are qualities which the average -Englishman does not admire, and finds it difficult even to understand. -He cannot help reading his own characteristics, which are for good and -bad so different, into other men and creatures. He cannot understand -their entire absence, and it is difficult for him to believe that men so -differently constituted can exist. - -Mr. Raemaekers wants to make us realize the fact, to present it -embodied. The legitimate emphasis of his caricature has this for its -object. - -Ponderous, pompous, pachydermatous, self-satisfied, fat, successful and -comfortable; but without feeling for the comfort of others. We have here -the type of German military domination. Submit to Germany and you will -be happy, in the German way, which is the best way, because it is -German. If you don’t like that, you must lump it. That is the message of -this speaking likeness. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Old Poilu_ - - -Of all Raemaekers’ cartoons this is the one that pleases me most. It is -the French Army. - -The Grand Army that tramped away into the night after the bugles of -1812-15 left behind it more than a sentiment and a story. It was the -spirit of that army that broke the Germans at the Marne and held them at -Verdun, and it is the same spirit that is holding them now on the Somme. - -Here is the fighting face of France, recalling the baggage carts of the -Beresina no less than the guns of Austerlitz. The old soldier of the -Emperor, the old soldier of the Republic. Cambronne no less than Joffre. -It is the face that has seen the snows of Russia and the sunlight on the -Pyramids, victory and defeat, the heights and the depths, and always, -across all and through all, the fair land of France. - -The secret is in the eyes. Look at them! - -H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Humanity Torpedoed_ - - -That really is the essence of the matter, the summing up of the World -War in an illuminating phrase. The Machine _versus_ the Man! Before the -outbreak of war, in those far-off days when we talked so glibly of human -progress and civilization, the machinery which controlled and -coördinated life seemed to be a bigger thing than life itself. The -Machine in politics, in our myriad industries, in our moments of -relaxation was scrapping men relentlessly. The very few perceived this -and protested vigorously, but quite in vain. Even in religion, using the -word in its highest sense, the Machine held human souls in its grip and -ground them out to an approved pattern. - -Was the war inflicted upon a generation of fools to teach them wisdom? -It may well be so. - -_Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas!_ - -Juvenal’s well-worn tag echoes down the centuries. We ask ourselves once -more the eternal question: What makes life worth the living? None of us, -to-day, dares to answer that question lightly, but all--even our enemies -in the field--know by bitterest experience that Man is greater than the -Machine, that he soars high above it and may be crushed but not killed -by it. Humanity may be torpedoed, but it remains immortal. - -Our beloved dead still live. - -And what message do they send us? - -Surely the gospel of kindness, which has always triumphed gloriously -over cruelty. Indeed, the supreme lesson of the war would appear to be -this, and this only: that kindness is the supreme virtue and cruelty the -supreme vice. - -If our enemies could be made to realize so fundamental a truth, if the -men who control the destinies of the Allies could make it plain to the -Central Powers that we are fighting against the Machine in life and not -against men, the Dove of Peace might begin to preen its wings for -flight. - -Humanity has been torpedoed, but we look for its resurrection. Petard -must be hoisted by petard; that, for the moment, is inevitable. A -patched-up peace is unthinkable. Such a conclusion, most happily, has -become almost universal. - -And afterward? - -If the hopes and aspirations of to-day bear fruit to-morrow, may we not -envisage a brighter future during these dark hours? - -To think otherwise, to maintain, with whatever specious argument, that -Force must dominate mankind, is not merely a negation of Christianity, -but a negation of Humanity. Such is the creed of the Hun. By it he has -been judged and found wanting. - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Super-Hooligans_ - - -The suggestion of this caricature is perhaps not so obvious to -Englishmen as might be wished, for it represents the Kaiser, and the -forces behind him, as more broken down than we have reason to think they -were, or at any rate, than they appeared to us at the time this cartoon -first appeared. It may be that to the neutrals their cause seemed less -hopeful, and more out-at-elbows, as here depicted. The continuous fall -of the mark in neutral countries may mean this. - -The figure of President Wilson is at any rate exceedingly clever. -Detached, professorial, contemplative, slightly academic, not to say -donnish, he contemplates “Mr. Turveydrop” and “Bill Sykes,” for such -characters they appear to be, with pensive, amused speculation. He -certainly cannot expect more than swagger and sham gentility, scarcely -disguising brutal ruffianism, from such figures. But is not the reality -more serious and murderous? - -The Kaiser is doubtless an actor, but not quite such a shabby-genteel -third-rater as this, and his bullies are no doubt burglars and ruffians, -but not of the old-fashioned, bludgeon type; rather the smart, modern -operators, armed with automatic revolvers, oxygen blowpipes, swift -motors, and other appliances of up-to-date science. “Super-Hooligans” -both doubtless are, but unfortunately not to be despised as enemies. -This, however, would be less easy to present in caricature, and perhaps -less telling. - -The point is the folly of expecting any true “gentleness,” or anything -but a veneer of gentility, from Germany. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Before the Fall_ - - -When, in August of 1914, the German hosts set out on their way to -victory and yet greater victory, they had in their minds a figure which, -for them, had been girdled round with dignities almost sacred. Whatever -their secret thoughts regarding this figure might have been, it was -ostensibly something very nearly sacred; to the rest of the world it was -an imperial figure, portrayed in many attitudes, but in practically -every attitude there was the suggestion of illimitable pride. The world -that is not Germany had laughed at this figure a little: over certain -telegrams, over the assumption of genius in certain artistic fields, and -over a versatility that was almost Neronic. There was not wanting, among -free peoples, a certain amount of contempt for this figure. - -Here you have the figure in a new attitude, and though at the time this -cartoon was published the triumphs in Rumania were still to come, and -the German lines of defense were apparently as strong as ever, yet the -cartoon expressed a truth, as do all these cartoons of Raemaekers. As -insecurely as is pictured here stood this man who aped Napoleon and -Alexander, at whose bidding women and children were fed into the furnace -of war, through whose senseless ambition countless homes were made -places of mourning for the men who would return no more. More than three -years of suffering, and the face of the world changed, the progress of -the world arrested--for this! - -Beneath him is the gulf; he has hurled millions into it, and here -postures no more as second only to omnipotence, but waits the inevitable -fall. Thank God that it is inevitable. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Shirkers_ - - -It is inevitable that there should be in every country degenerates who -decline to play the game. England has her disreputable leaven of -shirkers; France, whose heroism beggars description, has to reckon with -her _embusqués_. The serene cheerfulness with which the bitterest -sacrifices are faced daily by the mass of the nations engaged in the -terrible conflict, bring into powerful relief the obliquity and -depravity of the handful of men who seek to escape the heavy burden that -lies upon all. There is no possibility of exaggerating the mean infamy -of the men who seek their own safety by skulking behind the broad backs -of the defenders of their country, when every call of duty and right -demands their presence in the fighting-line. It is very difficult to -distinguish between the sinfulness of shirking at a crisis like the -present and the crime of overt treachery. No injustice would be done if -every shirker were made to understand that he is liable to the traitor’s -penalty if he persist in his offense. - -The repetition of conscientious objections to war, at a time when a -nation is committed to a strife in which any slackening spells for it -practical annihilation, causes graver and graver perplexity. It is -doubtful whether any healthy mind can now plead a conscientious -objection without provoking suspicion of his powers of coherent -reasoning. A condition of things has arisen in which private sentiment, -however honestly cherished, is bound to yield to public needs. It is a -tradition of the country in normal times to treat the conscientious -objector with tenderness. As far as public safety allows, it is even now -a proper function of Government to discriminate between an honest -delusion, however anti-social, and a wilful defiance, from contemptible -motives of selfishness or cowardice, of right principle. A very -formidable danger clearly lurks in any continuance of the lax toleration -which is often extended to the conscientious objector, by virtue of the -opportunity such considerate treatment offers the shirker of indulging -his evil propensities. - -SIDNEY LEE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_For Merit_ - - -There is no doubt a certain unfairness in the inevitable wartime method -of laying the burden of the crimes of war upon this or that pair of -shoulders. Princes in particular must pay this penalty attached to their -august station. And few can have less just reason to complain than this -slim heir of the Hohenzollerns who so thirsted for the glory of war. He -has found out by now that it is a less glorious affair than it seemed -when set forth in heady, unwise speech (after unwise dining) from the -box of a Danzig theater. - -Deprived of his expected bays by the idiotic obstinacy of the so utterly -decadent French, his fond parent bestows on him the Order _pour le -Mérite_ with oak leaves. It is not quite easy to see why. Surely there -cannot have been any obscure sardonic reference to tanning. - -But if, as the artist suggests, and the plainest reading of the facts of -the fruitless Verdun assault seems to confirm, lives of men were -squandered in a reckless attempt to save the princeling’s face (which -was, in fact, beyond saving), then does he richly deserve the grim -decoration with which in the name of infamy he is here invested--the -Order of Butchery, with knives. And you may view the crosses upon the -pathetic mounds before Verdun as so many entries in the Recording -Angel’s ledger. - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Duty v. Militarism_ - - -Same here! - -Same, I suppose, in every country. - -The final necessity has put to the proof that which goes to the making -of a man and of a nation. - -The man who is prepared to lay down his life for his country simply -regards it as a duty, and does it regardless of everything. And Duty is -a noble leader. - -The man who is not prepared to give up his usual pleasures and -dissipations, even though his country be in extremity, looks askance at -the call, labels it militarism, and will have none of it. - -Every age and every nation has its shirkers, who have been only too -willing to let any but themselves bear their burdens so that their own -personal comfort might not be interfered with. And shirkers such as -these have the deserved contempt of every honest man. - -But, in strictest justice to the few--like the Friends, and those who -believe with them that force is no remedy--while one cannot but wonder -what would have become of the world if evil were to be allowed to ravage -it at will, and while one finds it difficult to view matters from their -standpoint, it must be acknowledged that the military coercion of -genuine conscience in these days is an anachronism which galls one’s -feelings. - -The one thing we have now to guard against in this free land of ours is -lest in breaking by force the unspeakable tyranny of Prussian militarism -we lay our own necks under an equal yoke. - -JOHN OXENHAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Troubadour_ - - -Germania loved music and so the troubadour sang to her. - -Gaily the troubadour sang of glory and empire, and the good German -sword. - -And he sang a song of _Kultur_, a pocketful of loot. - -And a song of tears, the tears of widows and orphans in other lands, -widows of foolish men who had denied her omnipotent will; and of foolish -reluctant virgins to whom was given the shining compensation of bearing -sons to her flushed warriors. - -And if he sang of her own sons that lay before Liége, and by the Yser, -and on the high road to Paris and to Calais, and Petrograd, it was still -a song of glory in a minor but triumphant key. - -For also he sang a song of an all-highest promise that, wreathed with -the splendid bays of victory, her sons should return before the next -ripening of the harvest. But the harvest was gathered and they came not. - -And then he sang a song of the sea with the moan of the winds in it, and -the cries of little children--which for a sea-song was not a pleasant -song. - -And thereafter with a fine operatic vehemence he broke into a song of -glorious hate. - -And again he sang (in a queer mocking voice) of the promise. But another -harvest was garnered (and eaten) and still her sons returned not. - -And she began to be afraid. - -So (for he had a pretty wit) he sang again a song of glory and feasting, -and there was laughter in his voice. - -And at the last a song of thanks most indubitably sincere. - -And she turned and looked upon the troubadour and found that he was -Death--in the high boots of a German Hussar. - -And she stopped her ears, not to mute his singing, but to shut out the -thunder of the guns that came down all the winds. - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_See the Conquering Hero Comes_ - - -A bitter satire on the moral and intellectual claims of Germany. The -conquering hero of the twentieth century and the bearer of _Kultur_ is -no mere Hun. He is a “throw-back” to an ancestral type far more remote -than Attila, who was a comparatively polished person. He is primitive -Man, not Rousseau’s imaginary _l’homme naturel_, but the _Urmensch_, a -veritable monster, gross, bloated, abominable, compact of evil, and more -repulsive than the wild beasts he has tamed to do his hideous will. They -are monstrous creatures too, but dull and brutish. They are incapable of -moral judgment; they follow their instincts and know no better. But he -knows. He is Man, to whom has been given understanding and lordship over -all the beasts. He is their master by reason of his superior brain, and -that superiority is the measure of his depravity. By choosing these -savage creatures to be his companions and to do his pleasure he -proclaims himself far lower than they, because he might have chosen -otherwise. - -We know those favorite satellites of his. One flies overhead--a vulture -with gore dripping from beak and claws. Two others walk behind their -master in docile servitude and ape his bearing as well as their dull -senses and uncouth forms allow. One is a gorilla, with bared fangs and -the glare of senseless destructiveness in his eyes; the other is a -whiskered wolf, sly, murderous and ruthless. They bear the hero’s train -and wear the marks of approbation he has bestowed upon them for the -services they have rendered by the exercise of the qualities proper to -their kind. - -And there is one other. Ever as he goes, there wriggles along by his -side a snake--that old serpent, the devil and the father of lies. - -So accompanied and swelling with pride the conquering hero swaggers on -over the bleached bones that bear witness to his triumph. He has decked -his repulsive form with the incongruous trappings of civilization, and -his foul visage wears an air of ineffable self-satisfaction and arrogant -disdain. In his own conceit he cuts a splendid figure and is the object -of universal admiration. From his girdle hang the heads of his latest -victims and in his right hand he carries, delicately poised as a scepter -and sign of sovereignty, a cudgel tipped with the hand of a child hacked -off at the wrist. This is his title of honor. The savage beasts that -accompany him cannot aspire to such majesty; they do not prey on their -own kind. - -And that is how a neutral sees the German hero. - -ARTHUR SHADWELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Belgium_ - - -It appears to me that Raemaekers’ wonderful cartoons more often than not -fall naturally into two main classes: the subtle and the direct. In both -methods of appeal he is a past-master, and his message never fails to -drive itself home, either through the medium of one’s intellect or one’s -heart. Here we have a good and vivid example of the direct method of -gaining our sympathy. An appeal to the emotional rather than to the -intellectual within us. - -The woes of devastated Belgium, of its starving population, of its -desolate homes, of its orphaned children, may be said by some to be an -“oft told tale.” But surely none looking upon this most poignant drawing -can fail to understand much of the tragedy and misery brought about by -the German occupation of Belgian soil and the methods of _Kultur_ which -for a period of three years now have held sway in that unhappy land. - -Those of us who know the facts--the things which do not always get into -the papers, as the phrase is--the wilful starvation of the poor by their -relentless conquerors, can best understand and appreciate the artist’s -message. - -What a pathetic picture this is! The starved woman--all the roundness -and beauty of womanhood and motherhood brutally stamped out of her face -and figure by the state of things brought about by the rule of the Hun; -the child clinging to her mother with the terror and amazement which is -the most piteous of all expressions that can come into and be graven -upon the face of childhood. Both bear in their faces and forms the cruel -marks of starvation and suffering. - -And yet there are those abroad in the land who can talk and write of -“saving Germany from too much humiliation.” Too much humiliation! For -one, I say that if Germany can be dragged in the dust; if her rulers can -be made to eat the bread of humiliation; if her bestial-minded military -officials, who have deported women and girls from Belgium and France to -God only knows where and to what end, can be brought to adequate -punishment, then there is still some justice left in this warring world -and some hope for poor, struggling, vexed, and fearful humanity. Unless -Germany is conquered and humiliated, unless the wrongs of Belgium and -the other devastated territories are avenged, we and the millions of our -Allies will have suffered, fought, and died for the greatest cause the -world has ever known--and in vain. - -From the welter of battle, after the shouts of the fighting men have -died away, must emerge a new basis of society and a set of new ideals in -international conduct. And it is up to all of us to see to it that this -comes about. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Giant’s Task_ - - -“I see you can hold them up, but----” - -The whole world sees that Germany can hold them up. Strength is -concentrated first on one side, and then on the other, and at the time -this cartoon was first published the little figure sitting up on the -Western side watched, unmoved alike by German promises and German -threats. It watched while the days of the Marne went by and proved that -German efforts in the West would be confined to “holding up”--that the -capture of Paris and of Calais were mere dreams that must pass -unfulfilled. It watched the steady thrusting back of Russia, the -apparent success in building an Eastern defense that could be held up -indefinitely. Then it added its weight to the Western boulder, and the -holding up process went on. - -Neither boulder has yet fallen; the strong man is not yet exhausted, but -the whole world knows what the end must be. Germany could not afford a -mere defensive war--from the outset she knew that decision must be won -in the first months, and that the alternative to this was defeat. This -grim figure, bent on “holding up” the two main fronts, is typical of -Germany to-day, a raging barbarian, wearying under the impossible task. -For such a task there was needed not only physical strength, but -spiritual strength, ideals as well as machinery, and soul as well as -brain. By his methods of war this soulless barbarian has added to the -weights that he must hold up; he has misinterpreted the meaning of -civilization, misunderstood the aims common to humanity outside Germany. -The weight that he must hold up and away is not merely that of Britain, -Russia, France, and the rest of the Allies; it is the weight of all men -who understand freedom rightly, steadily crushing freedom’s antithesis. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“_I Must Have Something for My Trouble_” - - -You shall, Germany, you shall! - -You shall have even more than ever you expected--but not after the -manner of your expectation. - -Even the burglar who, after long and arduous and risky training in his -profession, and careful plotting and planning, and detailed hard work -with jimmies and blowpipes and center-bits, has collared the swag and -been caught in the act, does not whine like this. If he is a wise man he -surrenders at discretion, puts a philosophic face on it, and plans more -artistic work while in confinement. If he is a hothead, he puts up a -fight and gets it in the neck. - -But he never whines for recompense for the nefarious trouble he has gone -to. - -Germany has not yet learned her lesson. She has burglariously and -treacherously broken into her neighbors’ houses and seized them and -their contents. - -The cost to herself, in life, money--and, more than all, in the -estimation of the world at large--is as yet hidden from her. When the -bill is presented and her bloodshot eyes are opened to it, it will -astound her. - -For--somehow or other--it will have to be paid--to the last farthing. -And while she is in confinement for her diabolical misdeeds, the world, -it is to be fervently hoped, will see to it that all further power for -mischief will be taken from her forever. - -This burglar has intrenched himself among his plunder. He would -negotiate with the besieging police to be allowed to keep something at -all events for all his trouble. - -He shall. He shall keep what he has earned--the loathing and contempt of -every honest man under the sun. - -JOHN OXENHAM. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“_Cinema Chocolate_” - - -It seems to be the irony of fate that Germany possesses everything good -in an inverted, it may perhaps be said a “perverted,” form. - -We all know the charms of the “Chocolate Soldier,” who originated, if we -remember rightly, like the best flavored chocolate, in France. - -Here we have a “Chocolate Soldier” of a very different kind. A young -officer, of the familiar decadent Lothario type, is presenting a -handsome stick of chocolate to a little Belgian or French girl. - -At the side is an old man, evidently got up as a stage property, his -face exceedingly cross as though he disliked the job, but his attitude -rather ambiguous. - -In the distance is the official military “filmer,” smug and grinning, -waiting to turn the handle in order to obtain a “moving” picture for the -German “movies.” - -Mr. Raemaekers’ satire is most strongly displayed in the child’s face -and clenched fists, fully visible to the spectator, but which _will not -appear_ in the film. It appears also, though less obviously, in the -cross old gentleman who will come out there as a benevolent pastor -blessing the whole proceeding. - -It is another instance of the systematic deception practised on the -German people and the neutrals. - -Monsieur Forain, the French Raemaekers, has something like it in his -“_Haltez-la, et souriez_.” It is not quite the same, but suggests that -both cartoons are based on fact, as doubtless they are. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Doctrine of Expediency_ - - -At the beginning of his reign Ferdinand was, or pretended to be, an -ardent Russophile. Then something happened which made him think that he -had been backing the wrong horse. Perhaps it was the result of the -Russo-Japanese War; perhaps it was because little Prince Boris did not -receive the usual decoration from St. Petersburg when he was made -honorary colonel of the Russian Regiment of Minsk. We may be sure, at -any rate, that the motive was not affection for Germany or the German -Empire. That great nation has not the gift of inspiring affection, least -of all in small peoples within reach of her claws. - -Ferdinand was bribed, and bribed heavily, we may be certain; and, like -the rulers of other Balkan States, he and his advisers thought for a -time that the Central Powers were going to win. He thought he saw his -way to an increase of territory at the expense of Serbia, perhaps also -of Greece. Some say that he dreamed of reigning at Constantinople. These -hopes must be wearing rather thin now. The time has not yet come for -turning his coat; but if, or when, it seems to him safe and expedient to -leave the Kaiser in the lurch, he will do it without the slightest -scruple. - -Meanwhile, there was no danger in making the Emperor of Austria his -confidant; the poor old gentleman, if he understood what was said to -him, probably thought the idea a very sensible one, and wished heartily -that he had come to terms with Russia. - -W. R. INGE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Murder on the High Seas_ - - -Germany stands convicted of such bestial crime upon land and sea that -one can only come to the conclusion her offence results not from passing -aberration or the ebriety of war, but indicates an infection deep-seated -and chronic. Her recent Imperial Government statistics of crime before -the war indicated very surely that some deep, moral distemper was -conquering the German character and running like a plague through her -spiritual and sociological life. - -It has been said that the problem is one for the anthropologist rather -than the lawyer; yet even if the Prussian be not a Teuton, but a Tatar, -his indifference to every human instinct would still remain -inexplicable. For others of the Tatar stock are amenable to the -evolution that time brings, and now pursue the business of war under -modern conditions that embrace respect for prisoners and wounded, -non-combatants, women and children. - -Among the numberless instances of murder and piracy on the high seas -space permits here but to dwell upon one, which has by no means received -the attention it deserves. International problems involved by the -destruction of American citizens have tended to focus public opinion on -the “Lusitania” and “Essex” murders; but consider again a crime in the -Black Sea and the depraved temper it implies. - -On the thirtieth day of March, while lying motionless off Cape Fathia, -the Russian hospital ship “Portugal” was destroyed in broad daylight by -a submarine, despite the fact that she bore all necessary marks demanded -by the Geneva Convention and Hague Covenant. - -There perished fourteen ladies of the Red Cross; fifty surgeons and -physicians; many male and female nurses; many Russian and French -sailors. But for the fact that a Russian destroyer was in the vicinity, -the fatalities must have been larger. A great hospital equipment was -also lost to humanity. - -Well might the Russian Government declare this outrage a flagrant -infraction of the rights of man and an act of common piracy, while -asking the judgment of all civilized countries on such barbarism. - -The people that perpetrated and applauded this act denies civilization, -and one may fairly argue that the national conscience, not only of her -fighting forces, but of those behind them, will soon reach a pitch where -disintegration must follow. The evolution of morals alone must break -them, for human nature cannot suffer this reaction. - -Meantime we wait in vain for the Allies’ Note informing Germany of our -intention with respect to her shipping. Did she know that we designed an -eye for an eye, a ton for a ton, she might yet hesitate upon a course -that promised to deplete her merchant marine after the war in the ratio -of her destruction. The point is equally vital to the weak maritime -neutrals, who see their merchant fleets dwindle and their protests -ignored by a nation that respects nothing on earth but force. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Pounding Austria_ - - -“I wonder how long my dear friend and ally will be able to stand this?” - -So “Wilhelm” is made to remark, as he peers over from behind his -parapet, safely guarded with barbed wire, and sees the aged Francis -Joseph receiving blow after blow, on the one side from the Italians, on -the other from the Rumanians. The caricature, it must be admitted, is -not quite up-to-date in one respect, for Wilhelm has certainly done his -best, and so far only too successfully, to tear off the smaller of these -foes. But it is more than up-to-date in another, for the ancient “Dual -Monarch” has already succumbed to his years and his enemies. And for -reasons best known to himself, “Wilhelm” has run away from his funeral, -and thinks he will consult his delicate health and his no less delicate -dignity, by sending the Crown Prince instead, that young man being no -longer wanted imperatively or imperially on the French front. How young -Wilhelm will get on with young Carl remains to be seen. The experience -may have dangers of its own. Mr. Raemaekers might look out for a further -opportunity in this new situation. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Durchhalten--“Hold Out”_ - - -The Roman Emperor Tiberius, that gloomy tyrant, is said to have remarked -that governing the Roman people was like holding a wolf by the ears. -Here the position is reversed. The patient, obedient, and faithful -German people, for such, however infatuated, we must allow it has been, -is represented as by no means like a wolf, but more like the traditional -opposite, a sheep. But even the sheep may turn if driven beyond measure. -Meanwhile, this caricature may help to bring home to it the true -position. - -The Kaiser, stout, with all his heavy, comfortable clothes, his military -cloak, his helmet, and boots and spurs, one of which he digs into his -beast of burden, rides comfortably on the back of “German Michael,” the -common soldier, and cheerfully bids him “hold out” and struggle up the -toilsome hill of victory, with its shifting, clogging soil. - -The desperate agony and pain of the poor victim, the drops of sweat -falling from his brow, his eyes starting from his head, are well -depicted, and also the complacency of the emperor, blended with senile -vanity and self-glorification. His aspiration not long ago was to be the -“Young Man of the Sea.” Here he is depicted as the “Old Man” of that -element. - -HERBERT WARREN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Satyr of the Sea_ - - -It is always difficult, after a series of catastrophic events, to go -back to one’s mental outlook of the time before they happened. But if -the civilized world could recapture its pre-war view, I believe it would -realize the most startling of all the results of Armageddon to be that -we now take Germany’s outrages on neutrals for granted. At first the -bulk of us simply could not believe the tale of the horrors inflicted on -non-combatant men, women, and children of innocent and neutral Belgium. -But Germany had at any rate made Belgium a belligerent, before beginning -them. Now that similar horrors should fall on men, women, and children -of Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and America, surprises no more: it -has become a mere matter of course. - -It is the business of the prophet, the seer, and the poet to awaken the -world when it is worshipping false gods, when from fear, or -self-interest, or sheer bewilderment, it fails to see the things that -are in their naked horror and their awful shame. But prophet, seer, and -poet can speak only through the printed word, and in the maze and mass -of conflicting appeals the words of truth are lost and ineffective. But -if the ear be deaf and the mind numb, the eyes of all retain their -childlike curiosity. It is Raemaekers’ secret that he can present his -own clear vision of the truth in figures that pierce instantly to the -conscience of the dullest. To kill a child at all for a political -purpose, is the sin of Herod. To kill the children of those with whom -you have no nominal quarrel, stipulates just that negation of soul which -we call beastly. The truth about Tirpitz, and all that that accursed -name stands for, is personified in the loathsome Satyr of the Sea -portrayed in this cartoon. - -ARTHUR POLLEN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_War Council with Ferdinand and Enver Pasha_ - - -Raemaekers is not merely a clever draftsman and a keen observer, but -also a deep and careful student of modern history and diplomacy. He -knows the by-paths, the _coulisses_, and the intrigues of the diplomatic -world, which are eternally going on behind the almost impenetrable -curtain with which the chancelleries of Europe seek to veil their -proceedings. - -Everyone knows, of course, that it was not merely affection or esteem -that has ranged Ferdinand of Bulgaria and Enver Pasha upon the side of -the Central Empires. In the case of the first, greed had not a little to -do with the final decision to which he came. He was not unwilling to be -persuaded by the blandishments of his “dear brother the Kaiser,” always -provided it was made worth his while at the time as well as _in futuro_. -In the case of the second, ambition played its part, backed up by years -of “ground baiting” of the kind in which German diplomacy excels. - -It has been left to the pencil of this great artist and satirist to -bring home to the mind of the man-in-the-street a knowledge of the -actual situation that has been created, and of the methods by which it -was brought about. In this cartoon we have the Kaiser in shop-walker -attitude, an oily smile upon his lips, bending forward and washing his -hands with invisible soap, while he exclaims, “I hope you have been well -served and are satisfied.” His dupes are shown bound hand and foot, with -an expression of their doubts as to the ultimate genuineness and benefit -of the bargain which they have struck shown upon the face of the one and -the back of the other. Bound hand and foot they stand in the presence of -this “artful dodger” among crowned heads, and in that of the decrepit -Franz Joseph, in whose figure the artist has succeeded in so cleverly -conveying an idea of the unstable and effete nature of the -Austro-Hungarian Empire. - -The “dear friends and allies” show neither the feeling of comfort nor -confidence about which their imperial taskmaster speaks and inquires so -glibly. - -Bound thus to the wheels of the car of Germany’s destiny, they begin -evidently to question the wisdom of their choice. Already Ferdinand’s -doubts must have commenced to take definite shape, for the luck of “the -great game” has begun to run against him at Monastir, and “crushed and -destroyed” Serbia is once more in fighting trim and eager to expel the -invader. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Burial of Private Walker_ - - -On September 9, 1914, Joseph Walker enlisted for the duration of the -war; on January 11, 1916, the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at West -Capelle. Usually a body washed ashore in this neighborhood is buried at -the foot of the dunes, without coffin, without ceremony. But not this -time. This afternoon, at 1 P.M., while the northwest wind whistled over -Walcheren, the English soldier was buried in the churchyard of West -Capelle. Behind the walls of the tower where we sought protection from -the gale the burial service was read. - -First the vice-consul in the name of England spread the British flag -over him who for England had sacrificed his young life. Four men of West -Capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the -tower, that old gray giant, which has witnessed so much world’s woe, -here opposite the sea. The Reverend Mr. Fraser, the English clergyman at -Kortryk, himself an exile, said we were gathered to pay the last homage -to a Briton who had died for his country. It was a simple, but touching -ceremony. - -“Man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live.... He cometh -forth like a flower and is cut down.” Thus spoke the voice of the -minister and the wind carried his words, and the wind played with the -flag of England, the flag that flies over all seas, in Flanders, in -France, in the Balkans, in Egypt, as the symbol of threatened -freedom--the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior. Deeply were -we moved when the clergyman in his prayer asked for a “message of -comfort to his home.” - - Who, tell me, oh silent field, - Who lies buried here? Here? - -Yes, who is Walker, No. 16092, Private Joseph Walker, Bedfordshire -regiment? Who, in loving thoughts, thinks of him with hope even now when -we, strangers to them, stand near to him in death? Where is his home? We -know it not, but in our inmost hearts we pray for a “message of comfort -and consolation” for his people. - -And in the roaring storm we went our way. There was he carried, the -soldier come to rest, and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped -itself round that son of England. Then the coffin sank into the ground -and the hearts of us, the departing witnesses, were sore. Earth fell on -it, and the preacher said: “Earth to earth, dust to dust.”--_From the -Amsterdam_ “Telegraaf,” _January, 1916_. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Supreme Effort_ - - -“The Religion of Valor”--that new creed for which Germany now claims to -be fighting--will call for many martyrs behind the fighting lines, and -we may suppose that the middle classes of the fatherland as little like -the sacrifices demanded from them as any other members of the community, -whose savings are the result of their own energy and enterprise. That -Germany is subscribing to her loans with generosity and self-denial we -have no reason to doubt; but since there is no free press, the nation as -a whole remains under delusion as to the value of its securities. The -dust, however, cannot be in every eye much longer, and before another -spring is spent, Germany’s people will know that she is powerless to -keep her paper promises. - -For the one hope that a victorious trade war would instantly break out -upon the arrival of peace is destined to be disappointed. - -As Mr. Kitson recently and very effectively showed, economic power is -the basis of political power, the root from which all national power, -which can be interpreted into force, must spring. “Trade warfare is -therefore a struggle for economic power, for the control of men and of -all factors of wealth production.” - -The British Empire seems to be grasping this fact for the first time in -her national history; and though we have far to go, and the panacea of -free trade will doubtless be vended again after the war--by those who, -before it, knew so well that Germany would never fight--a growing -conviction is none the less apparent that only by a direct and strenuous -offensive shall we win the war after the war. - -Let us banish inter-tariffs, as Germany did, and unite the nation in a -closer economic understanding; and let us not leave our frontiers open -to the legions of German and Austrian bagmen, who only await peace to -swarm over them. - -It depends largely upon us whether the gentleman in the picture will get -his money back. - -The grand total of the fatherland’s indebtedness, were war to go on -until last April, has been calculated in Germany to represent -£4,500,000,000, which would demand in annual interest a sum near -£800,000,000. - -One does not desire to be vindictive, but let no man forget the -barefaced villainy and devilish brutality with which the Central Nations -prosecuted war. It is not for us to forward the peaceful penetration of -such a people through the length and breadth of our empire if we desire -to preserve that empire as an entity. - -Let Germany redeem her pledges if she can; it will be no part of our -post-war activities to assist her task. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“_Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind? Dass ist der Vater mit seinem -Kind_” (_Erlkönig_) - - -Not only the father and his sick child ride storm-foundered and lost -through night, with the phantom king steadily gaining upon both: the -frantic, over-driven brute they ride should also be conscious of -approaching doom. But is it? - -We may take their steed to be the nation of the royal fugitives, and -wonder when Germany--a kingdom whose native qualities had won such ample -recognition among her elder sisters on the road to civilization--will -awaken into consciousness of her accursed load and perceive that the -Hohenzollerns ride only to death. They started on their gallop when -Bismarck fell, and now the end is in sight. - -Great must be the subjugation before a practical people can reach this -pass, or still fail to perceive, if on a material basis only, where the -legend of world-power and world-trade has brought them. As sleepwalkers -they pursued their dream and have not yet awakened to see where now they -stand. Still they believe the issue undetermined; still is it hidden -from them that their might is broken, that roughly half their foreign -trade, which lay with the Allies, has vanished. Only ignorance and the -tradition of servility postpone inevitable revolution. - -Of Germany’s evil-genius and arch-enemy, now far advanced on the road -that leads to his destruction, an illuminating picture has just been -flashed to us. One who was long a publicist in the capitals of Europe -has spoken of “Things I remember,” and he quotes a German author--a -woman--who spoke thus of the “War Lord” before the war. None is a more -shrewd and subtle student of character than a woman, when she holds an -object worthy of her study. - -“I can assure you that he extirpates, as of fell purpose, every -independent character, root and branch. Think of the number of poor -devils in prison for the crime of _lèse majesté_, not one instance of -which he has ever pardoned; while there is not a case of a man having -killed his opponent in a duel, however disgraceful might have been its -cause, whom he has not pardoned, or at least remitted the sentence. -Never has a monarch encouraged Byzantine servility to such a degree as -this man. No sunbeam but it must radiate from him; no incense but it -must fill his nostrils.” - -May Germany use her waking hour to be rid forever of this archaic -incubus; and if, at the end, she still cries for the domination of -Prussia, then it is to be hoped that, when they have won the war, the -Allies will save her from her own blindness and themselves perform the -act of liberation. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Voices of the Guns_ - - -One may characterize the figures in this cartoon as not altogether -imaginary. In the villages behind the lines of the Somme, and in the -tumbled country north of Verdun, there must be many such little homes as -that in which the old man is pictured, homes befouled and desecrated by -the presence of these hard-faced men who look on contemptuously while -the old man listens. He and his kind know the voices of the guns, for -they have heard them before. What memories of ’70 and his own fighting -days must come to him and to all his kind as they wait the coming of the -guns that shall drive out this scourge of France--this vileness that for -nearly half a century has poisoned the life of all Europe, and on France -especially has set an abiding mark? What hopes must be his for the day -when Prussianism shall be no more than a vague name, and the sons of -those sons of his who fight to-day shall work content in the knowledge -that their fathers have freed them from this Damoclean threat? - -How these people in the conquered territories have endured, how they -have waited and hoped, even when there seemed no ground for hope, in the -darkest of the days, we shall perhaps know when peace comes again. Yet -even then we in Britain can never know all, for there is given to us a -shield that France has never known--our shield, and in a measure our -danger. For no man in Britain sits and listens for the guns that shall -free his house and his land, and in that fact is possible lack of -comprehension and consequent great danger; as once it has been, so it -may be again. - -Yet it may be that, when the stories of these old men behind the enemy -lines are told, they will waken the whole of the world, not only to the -need for destruction of such a thing as the militarism of Prussia, but -to the knowledge that only the strong man armed may keep his house. Had -_all_ realized this in time---- - -Meanwhile, as this third year of the war ends, the guns that speak -freedom come nearer. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Death’s-Head Hussar_ - - -In Greek mythology Nemesis personified the moral law which chastises -arrogance and wanton excess by the inexorable consequences of their own -wrong-doing. So none who had offended could escape her. - -The Death’s-Head Hussars are a perfect example of that boastful pride -and transgression of the bounds of due proportion which it is the -function of Nemesis to punish. By their name and their device they make -a mock of the most solemn tragedy--of Death itself. Whether their emblem -threatens death to others or signifies their own contempt for death it -is a wanton and arrogant jest. The skull and cross-bones were the -traditional device of pirates, and it well became those grim outlaws who -declared a ruthless war against all mankind. There was no jest about it, -but a dreadful seriousness, and their proper end was the yard-arm. But -the Death’s-Head Hussars are what is called a “crack” regiment, one -officered by rich, aristocratic, and elegant young men, who have not set -themselves against the world, but are very much of it. Nor are they any -braver or more formidable than other regiments. The Death’s-Head -business is a silly and boastful affectation. - -Here is the just sentence of chastising Nemesis. The last of the -Death’s-Head Hussars, its imperial colonel, is being shot over the head -of his skeleton charger on to the heaped ranks of dead soldiers which -ring him round. He has his fill of skulls and cross-bones now. The Crown -Prince of Germany has confessed it to the world. - -A. SHADWELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The “Franc-tireur” Excuse_ - - -It is well sometimes, despite all that has happened since, to turn back -to Belgium and remember the rape, rapine, and arson of 1914. There will -be plenty of time to let bygones be bygones when might and right are -found on the same side and Justice, who is using her sword just now, -resumes her impartial scales; but until the Central Nations experience a -defeat of magnitude sufficient to penetrate to the hearts and heads of -their people, we may continue to keep in the forefront of our minds the -story of Belgium under Germany’s heel. - -That tale of brutal tyranny is not even yet told, for, short of selling -the deported Belgians as slaves, Germany would seem still to be doing -all that Hun and Vandal ever accomplished. But Raemaekers gives us a -glimpse from the past, when conquest was still in progress and the -German obsession of _franc-tireurs_ reached its height. How far they -pretended this fear to excuse their own murder of the defenseless, or -how far they really felt it, matters little; for it has been shown that -the cry was deliberately excited--by fabrication and circulation through -Germany of countless “fearful” falsehoods. Soldiery about to pass from -the Fatherland to Belgium were inflamed, as with drink, by lies of the -horrible treatment they must expect and endure from civil populations -and non-combatants. They were warned by calculated propaganda at home -that their eyes would be gouged out, their legs sawn off, their wounded -men murdered, with fiendish details of suffering by the Belgians. - -German valets of the type of Houston Chamberlain and Sven Hedin spread -these stories; Pastor Conrad wrote a little book and sold it to the -school children that they, too, might read about their fathers’ -gouged-out eyes in Belgium. - -The result was certain when German soldiers found themselves with a free -hand among unarmed women and their little ones; for Germany in Belgium -and Poland, and Austria in Serbia, have not been content to destroy the -manhood of weak nations: they have striven to stamp out their virginity -and their childhood also. - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Entry Into Constantinople_ - - -Nowhere has the caricaturist proved more effectively his command of -caustic satire. - -It is characteristic of the Kaiser and his family to claim Christian -sanction for all his sinister schemes. - -None of the many goals which the Kaiser confidently set out to win in -this war has he yet secured. The triumphal progress through the capital -city of Constantinople loomed large in his early programme. His vaulting -ambition still seeks the hegemony of the Mahomedan world no less than of -the Christian world. - -The Kaiser habitually appeals to religious authority. He garbles -Scripture to serve his turn. Nothing that the world regards as sacred is -safe from his profanation. His miscalculations are so colossal, his -hopes are so tangled, that the blasphemous dream which the artist -depicts may well have visited the imperial couch. The pious Mahomedan -might possibly find some specious compensation for submission to the -Prussian yoke were the Kaiser to enter the Turkish capital at the head -of his barbarian hordes flaunting in triumph the banner of the crescent, -while Christ rode on an ass at the imperial side, in bonds and wearing -the crown of thorns. It is a revolting piece of pictorial imagery, but -it is a legitimate interpretation of the imperial megalomania, which -enlists blasphemy in the service of the imperial propaganda. - -SIDNEY LEE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Come Away, My Dear!_ - - -Only historic interest now attaches to the activities of German -diplomacy which sought, by misplaced flattery, to prevent Italy from -joining the Powers of the Entente in the Great War. Prince von Bülow for -many months employed all his wiles to distract Italy from the pursuit of -a hostile policy. He had some good cards in his hand, and, after the -manner of all German diplomatists, he overestimated their strength, -while he underrated the skill and enthusiasm of the players against him. -The influences of German finance worked on his side, but -characteristically he ignored the spiritual forces of the Italian -national sentiment, on which bribes and blandishments could make no -impression. Italy’s traditional hatred of Austria was only speciously -held in check by the conventions of the old Triple Alliance. The perils -which Austria invited by engaging in the present war were bound to set -ancient memories fully aflame. It is a mangled unity of which Italy can -boast so long as the Italian peoples of the Trentino and Dalmatia live -under Austrian sway. - -The cry of the Trentino for release from a foreign servitude overcame -all those predilections for peace, which some material considerations -fostered in Italy in the early stages of the war. Von Bülow undertook a -thankless task when he sought by pretty speeches to deafen Italian ears -to the piercing appeals of Italy’s compatriots under alien sway. He may -cherish the delusion that he scored a minor success by postponing for a -season Italy’s declaration of war on Germany. For a short while Italy -was content with her defiance of Austria alone, but even this small -triumph on the prince’s part proved a phantasm. To-day all the prince’s -diplomatic adventures are seen to be empty mockeries and snares. - -SIDNEY LEE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The “Harmless” German_ - - -We may pause to wonder whether Germany ever considers her relations with -the weak neutral nations after the war. - -In the case of America, she preserves some show of explicit courtesy, -while performing actions of implicit insult. Where it matters not, she -conforms; where it does matter, she ignores; but she has no desire to -quarrel openly with the United States and has long since found that she -can do pretty much what she pleased without risking more than verbal -remonstrances. In the case of Norway and Sweden, Denmark and Holland, -she is not even at the pains to be civil; but treats them with her usual -indifference to all things physically weak. Sometimes she will add -insult to injury, as in the case of this cartoon, and needlessly pretend -an innocence that would not deceive a child; more often, as in her -pirate procedure against Holland, she cares nothing what the weak may -have to say while her own strength is paramount. - -But the war will end and what sort of relations will these insulted and -outraged kingdoms seek with Germany when the bully is beaten? One might -ask them another question. Is it beyond the power of the Northern -neutrals to assume a more hortatory tone and courageous attitude? Might -they not sensibly forward all rational hopes of civilization by taking a -stronger line with the enemy of Europe? Whining and grumbling serve no -good purpose; but a somewhat stronger and cleaner-cut expression of -opinion before the insulting scorn poured upon their protests would -increase general respect for Holland and the rest. - -Why are they so frightened? Is it from force of habit? They might surely -begin to perceive with sufficient distinctness that the Power that sank -the “Tubantia” and “Blommersdijk” is on the way herself to be sunk. Why -then this abject attitude? It is easy to guess. - -Meantime Holland’s recent protest to America was hardly worth making. -She may well ask what would have happened had the sinkings off Newport, -on the American coast, occurred off Ymuiden, on her own. But she will -receive no satisfactory reply to that question. Nor does it help -civilization to hear Holland say, “Submarine warfare cannot go on any -longer.” Germany laughs. She knows how much of her gold has crossed into -Holland of late, and that our Dutch friends doubtless have more to gain -in wealth than lose in honor by “taking it lying down.” - -EDEN PHILLPOTTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Propagandist in Holland_ - - -Raemaekers is never more pungent in his satire than when he deals with -the efforts of Germany to penetrate the conscience and persuade the will -of Holland. In the cartoon opposite we see the typical German -propagandist--half-professor, half-merchant, and wholly the servile -ambassador of his Government--exhibiting to the equally typical Dutch -peasant the recommendations and persuasions of Germany. These are -printed in Dutch for his behoof, and they declare that it can be proved -by the testimony of the Ninety-Three Intellectuals that all men who are -not enthusiastic about German _Kultur_ and all who are rash enough to -accuse German statesmen of breaking their word or behaving like -barbarians are worthless persons of no character. He tells the Dutchman -that “We Germans are fighting for the liberty of the sea, guaranteed as -Prussian.” Another belt of propaganda offers advice gratis to smugglers, -and urges the Dutch, in exchange for aniline dyes, to supply the German -Government with tin, oil, fat, leather, india-rubber, and other such -“peaceful” articles. The lowest line assures the Dutchman that the book -called “J’Accuse”--which is phonetically spelt “Sjakkuus” that the -Dutchman may have no doubt about it--is a vulgar production. The -“Toekomst”--a virulently pro-German newspaper, subventioned from -Berlin--is a genuine expression of Dutch feeling. - -Thus the fat missionary in spectacles volubly attempts to seduce the -grave and rather sardonic Dutch peasant, whose face is a triumph of -non-committal. He holds him long in conversation, while from behind -steal up the German soldiers and sailors waiting for the attention of -the peasant to be wholly absorbed in the propaganda, suddenly to capture -and to bind him, beyond all power of self-release. Here the satire of -Raemaekers is directed against the intrigues of German diplomacy at The -Hague, and the rumors which have of late been rife concerning a party of -politicians in the Dutch State who have been persuaded into recommending -a studied neutrality now, indeed, but a secret agreement with Germany -that shall not come into force until after the declaration of peace. The -draftsman warns his countrymen that they are not, in their simplicity, -capable of holding their own against a combination of Teutonic violence -and Teutonic guile. It may be that these Dutch disciples of -Wilhelmstrasse have not the naïveté which Raemaekers sees proper to -attribute to them. Their attitude has something more ignoble than -simple, and they remind us not a little of the particularists of the -seventeenth century, whose selfish and senseless anti-Orange policy left -the Dutch without a friend in Europe. But we can confidently believe -that general public opinion in Holland to-day will be too wholesome and -too intelligent to pursue the suicidal path which the “Toekomst” and its -German inspirers indicate. - -EDMUND GOSSE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Tetanus_ - - -Here Raemaekers draws aside from his fierce mood of indictment of the -aggressor and, touched with a neutral’s pity, tries to express something -of the agony that comes impartially to those who fight for and those who -fight against the right. The candid critic must confess that this mood -has not the interest of his satire and invective. But it is natural for -the imaginative artist to be deeply moved by these, as it were, -impartial horrors and good for us stay-at-homes to be helped to realize -them. - -In the early days of the war, waged as it was over the most intensively -cultivated soil in Europe, the mortality from this dread horror, -Tetanus, was very great. The skill of the bacteriologist and the surgeon -has indefinitely reduced the mortality. And perhaps those of us who are -bowed down by the thought of all the needless pain and incalculable -waste may take a crumb of comfort from the thought that out of all the -suffering and death grow knowledge and skill that will relieve suffering -and prevent death in the future. So the eternal courage and -resourcefulness of man always recapture the citadel he seems to have -lost in the first onset. - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Shakspere’s Tercentenary_ - - -Following out this truly Teutonic line of reasoning, there is no reason -why Beethoven should not be claimed as English, and surely Christopher -Columbus was Russian--or French, or Norwegian. A sense of humor would -have saved Germany from this absurdity of claiming the whole world’s -genius as her own, but that sense is the one thing that Germany lacks -above all others, and from the deficiency has arisen this war and all -its evils. - -For a sense of humor--or a sense of proportion, which is precisely the -same thing--would have given Germany to understand that in these days no -nation may aspire to domination over other and different races; it would -have given her to understand that there are other forms of culture -besides her own _Kultur_, which, after all, is merely order and -discipline, and not a finer perception or a greater development of -intellect; it would have given her to understand that which the world’s -history has failed to teach her, that aggression does not pay, and that -essays in tyrannic dominance inevitably fail. - -Raemaekers’ satire is unerring, for though no German has yet stated that -Shakspere’s plays are based on the work of a poet who lived two -centuries later, yet the professors and pedants of _Kultur_ have -attempted equal absurdities, even to showing Germany as a country of -simple, kindly people, who abhor a war that has been forced on them. One -is tempted to quote from the world-poet who, in this cartoon, faces his -antithesis with such an air of gentle incredulity, but the temptation, -if yielded to, would lead too far. - -Germany has not only claimed Shakspere, but she has claimed control of -all the Western world; one claim is as likely to be conceded as the -other. - -E. CHARLES VIVIAN. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Nobody Sees Me_ - - -The Huns have hugged this conviction to their obscene souls. And it is -not the least of a series of preposterous and ridiculous blunders. -Throwing as rubbish to the void the Tables of the Law, they have -cherished what they believe to be the last and greatest commandment: -_Thou shalt not be found out_. - -And “found out” they have been! - -For the moment this fact does not oppress them too seriously. Indeed, to -the commander of the submarine who sank the _Lusitania_ the Iron Cross -has been awarded. We wonder whether he will wear it, if he happens to -find himself after the war at some great function in any neutral -country? - -To the psychologist this Hun attribute, shared with the ostrich, of -hiding his head and believing that the rest of his person is unseen, -provokes some interesting hypotheses. _Inter alia_, it serves to remind -us that birds, however big, stand next to reptiles in the scale of -creation. Hun methods are distinctively reptilian. The Hun, when fully -gorged, becomes lethargic and stupid. In this cartoon, the Hun Eagle, -appropriately emblazoned upon that portion of the Hun body of which we -may confidently hope to see more and more in the near future, reminds me -of that loathsome beast--the Turkey Buzzard. In California, where I -first made his acquaintance, this horrible vulture would have been -exterminated long ago had he not been protected by the law, which -recognized his peculiar usefulness as a scavenger. Hungry, these -buzzards are almost unapproachable; after a carrion meal a child can -despatch them with a stone. - -May we not assume that the Huns, however clever and cunning when hungry, -become as boas and buzzards after a surfeit? To-day they are boasting of -what they have absorbed on the map of Europe. Do they realize yet the -dead weight of these temporary conquests? Germania, like some monstrous -viper, has swallowed her own young. Unlike the viper, she cannot -disgorge them alive. - -Such reflections are not intended to minimize the task that still -confronts the Allies. But what the Hun has done by land and air and sea -will be the measure of his undoing. - -_Nobody sees me and I can always deny it._ - -Everybody sees him; and if his acts are enough to make angels weep, his -denials of them move the world to inextinguishable laughter. - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Orient Express_ - - -One of the objectives of the present war was to secure Germany’s command -of the Near East. A railway from Berlin to Bagdad had long been treated -as a primary article in that creed of German _Welt-politik_ which the -war was to make prevail. For a time the plan promised excellently. The -Turkish alliance with the Central Empires seemed to bring Asia Minor -securely under German sway. The railway route was saved. - -The Kaiser and his advisers prematurely regarded Russia as an extinct -volcano, which was incapable of thwarting their Oriental policy. -Disillusionment came quickly. The German tourist who foresaw an -unimpeded road through Prussia to Persia was suddenly confronted with an -impassable barrier. The Russian Army of the Caucasus swept through -Armenia and occupied the Turkish citadel of Erzerum, which commanded the -line of travel at its most critical point. Small are the chances of -retrieving the lost foothold. The whole design is doomed beyond recall. - -It is the habit of our arch-foe to count his chickens before they are -hatched. - -SIDNEY LEE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Bloomersdijk_ - - -In this cartoon the artist symbolizes with drastic irony the -powerlessness of Holland to claim respect for her rights or to maintain -her national prestige. If the fair Dutch flag stands in the way of the -Teutonic bully, he just tears it down and tramples it underfoot. In the -view of Germany the time is long past when a little community of human -beings could sustain independent existence if its policy interfered in -the smallest degree with the convenience of the great German tyranny. -This is at once the humiliation of countries like Holland, and their -claim on the active sympathy of the Allies. What can the nice little boy -in the picture do to protect himself against the fists and the boots of -the huge man in a Prussian helmet? Manifestly, nothing! His only chance -is that his big brethren may succeed in thrashing the selfish, powerful -brute as he deserves. - -The attitude of Germany toward the little sovereign states of Europe was -laid down two years ago, with ineffable assurance, by Herr von Jägow. He -said: “In the transformation of Europe to the profit of the Teutonic -Powers, the little surrounding States must no longer presume to lead the -independent existence which at present feeds their vanity. They are all -destined to disappear in the orbit of the German Empire.” In other -words, as the rest of Germany has been subjugated by Prussia, so -Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Montenegro, and Serbia must make up their -minds to be melted into the Central Empire of _Kultur_. Not one of them -is rich enough to maintain its existence. In the meantime, if Prussia -finds it convenient to sink a _Bloomersdijk_, so much the worse for -Holland, who would do well to swallow the injury in silence. And all -that the civilized and cultured little countries can do is, through the -tears of their exasperation, to cry aloud to God, “How long, O Lord, how -long?” - -EDMUND GOSSE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The “U” Boats off the American Coast_ - - -There is a grim persistency with which Raemaekers pursues the power -which, in the first terrible weeks of the war, he recognized as the -enemy of European civilization. Time has not lessened the intensity of -that vision, which came to him--a neutral--with no prepossessions in -favor of England and her allies, and which is, indeed, the whole -significance of the fine work he has done for our cause throughout the -world. Less steadfast folk of our own blood begin to wonder if, after -all, it be quite worth while, seeing that the burglar is so strong, to -go on with our opposition to him; and whether it would not be better to -hand our valuables--freedom, mercy, and other trifling gewgaws--into his -safe keeping. - -Raemaekers sees in this relatively mild adventure of German -frightfulness, the torpedoing of unarmed ships in the American zone -under cover of American warships which, by saving the jettisoned crews, -were able to keep the pirate within the letter of his pledge--he sees -this as what it is, an act of intolerable brigandage and insolence. The -insolence, indeed, is so colossal as to be almost admirable. Officers of -the fleet do not talk for publication; but it would be illuminating to -hear the comments of the American naval messes on the retriever work to -which they were set by our friend the enemy. - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_To the Peace Woman_ - - -The cartoonist has devoted several of his drawings to the work of -exhibiting to the world at large and the pacifist in particular the -egregious folly of “peace talk” and “gentleness toward the Huns” while a -world war is being waged, and as yet all the ideals for which we are -fighting in company with our Allies hang in the balance. - -How necessary such cartoons really are is shown by the mere fact that -there can be found men and women who are anxious on every possible -occasion to “mouth wordy platitudes concerning peace,” and even to -sacrifice to the Moloch of Prussianism the ideals and the amenities of -national conduct upon which the basis of happiness and peace in reality -rests. - -The old legend of St. George and the Dragon has been skilfully and -effectively adapted by Raemaekers to the purposes of the lesson he would -teach. The peace woman is shown on her knees before the dragon of -Prussianism, not in terror at the fate which is impending for her, but -obsessed by the idea that the dragon is not so bad as it has been -painted and that it may be wicked to kill dragons. I confess that I have -not been able to penetrate the labyrinth of distorted ideas which has -produced the attitude of mind toward the Hun adopted by the pacifist, -male and female. But the most charitable among us may be forgiven, -perhaps, if we assume that this state of mind has been brought about by -a wrong-headed conception of the facts and the Hun himself, rather than -by any original liking for bloody deeds of rapine, the slaughter of -innocents, and wholesale and wanton destruction of beautiful, holy, and -gracious things. - -There are many who believe that the peace woman, who will be more and -more evident as the war drags along, is no imagined menace. It is well -therefore that this cartoon should have been drawn and published and -that its message, “to save the peace women despite themselves,” should -be driven home. - -The spirit of St. George of England and of the saints of God, who fought -tyrants and died in past ages that the fragrant and essential truths -should live, is not dead, and while this can be said there is hope for -the world, for surely God Who had these in His keeping is yet in His -heaven. - -CLIVE HOLLAND. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_The Wolf Bleats_ - - -This ranks as one of Raemaekers’ happiest cartoons. That wolf’s mask is -a clever travesty of the “All-Highest’s” best studio face. Better still -is the quip, “’Tis time all this bloodshed should cease,” as a summary -of all the peace suggestions which with discreet persistence have been -floated out from Berlin since the great game, as envisaged by the -challengers, was seen to be up. - -It would not readily occur to the German mind that the time when the -shepherds were just coming over the hill with axe, bill, and bludgeon -was the most appropriate time for the wolf to suggest that nothing -should be said of the unfortunate mistakes of the past. - -“See!” quoth the wolf, “there are already three corpses. Is that not -enough to satisfy the most bloodthirsty? Why drag in a fourth? Surely -even you who have not our advantages can see so plain an argument?” The -answer is in the negative. But let no one ever again accuse the Teuton -of not being a humorist. - -It is worth noting that it is a bonneted Highlander that here wields the -British club. Compensation at last to the sensitive Scot who so -desperately hates being lumped in with the English! - -JOSEPH THORP. - -[Illustration] - - - - -_Strict Neutrality_ - - -The historian of the future will attempt, probably, to deal adequately -with the complex questions which inform every line of this cartoon. It -is, indeed, a passionate note of interrogation. In a stupendous fight -upon the clearly defined issues of Right and Might, how comes it to pass -that any self-respecting nation remains neutral? Why, for example, did -not Uncle Sam sever diplomatic relations with the Huns the very moment -that Belgium was invaded and outraged? - -Americans, true citizens of the Land of the Free and the Home of the -Brave, have raised this question already and some have answered it. -Other Americans have answered them cleverly and speciously. Time alone -will decide upon the merits and demerits of all and sundry. We owe much -to the States euphemistically styled “United.” They have supplied us in -our hour of sorest need with a never-ceasing stream of munitions -percolating everywhere; they have sent us money, sympathy, and advice. -But the fact remains--_Uncle Sam was too proud to fight!_ And yet, each -day it is becoming more and more certain that every stout blow struck by -the Allies, every gallant life that is sacrificed, is a contribution to -the cause of Civilization and Christianity. We are fighting desperately -for our own salvation, and that salvation includes the salvation of -Holland, Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States. At the beginning -of the war the Neutral Countries missed a tremendous opportunity. -Together, acting under the ægis of Uncle Sam, with his hundred million -children, they could have protested in no uncertain terms against -Prussianism and the violation of every principle dear to and honored by -them. Prompt action, upon the heels of such a protest, would have ended -the war in three weeks. Germany, swollen with insolence and beer, has -perpetrated blunders in strategy and policy of which she now is reaping -the fruits, but with all her crass, pig-headed, brutal assurance she -would not have fought a whole world in arms against her. - -It is not for us to throw stones at others. We are far too busy hurling -shells at our enemy. But the question will be answered some day: - - “Why were the Neutrals too proud to fight?” - -HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. - -[Illustration] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Kultur in Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KULTUR IN CARTOONS *** - -***** This file should be named 56292-0.txt or 56292-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/2/9/56292/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, Chuck Greif and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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