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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #56210 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56210)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Lincoln Country in Pictures
-
-Author: Carl Frazier
- Rosalie Frazier
-
-Release Date: December 20, 2017 [EBook #56210]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The Isaac Golliher house.
-
- [Illustration: Split-rail fence.]
-
-
-
-
- _The_ LINCOLN
- COUNTRY
- _in Pictures_
-
-
- By CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER
-
- [Illustration: Ox-drawn wagon.]
-
- HASTINGS HOUSE _Publishers_ New York 22
-
- [Illustration: The story of Abraham Lincoln is ever fresh. It appeals
- to the imagination and grips the vision of many people in various
- ways. Perhaps that is why millions of visitors make pilgrimages to the
- humble abodes in which he lived and the places he frequented.
- _Photograph Courtesy Chicago Historical Society._]
-
- [Illustration: “Every man is said to have his peculiar ambition.
- Whether it be true or not, I can say for one that I have no other so
- great as that of being truly esteemed by my fellow men, rendering
- myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall succeed in gratifying
- this ambition, is yet to be developed.”
- —_Address to Sangamon County, March 9, 1832._]
-
- Copyright © 1963, by Carl and Rosalie Frazier
-
- All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
- without written permission of the publisher.
-
- Published simultaneously in Canada
- by S. J. Reginald Saunders, Publishers, Toronto 2B
-
- Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-19173
-
- _Printed in the United States of America_
-
-
-
-
- FOREWORD
-
-
-We know it is no longer possible to add anything new to the written word
-about Lincoln. The hundreds of historians who have attempted to write
-the life of the Great Emancipator have covered every facet of it.
-Therefore, we have chosen to present our story of a by-gone day in a
-series of camera impressions, hoping to arouse in our readers an
-emotional sense of “present being.”
-
-We have done this for two reasons: first, because Lincoln’s early
-frontier has achieved a factual and imaginative rebirth through loving
-care and painstaking efforts after having fallen into ruin for many
-years. Secondly, we believe as many historians do, that America owes
-much of the credit for its national character and institutions to the
-atmosphere of the early frontier. It was the appreciation of the role it
-played on the character of Lincoln that brought about the restoration of
-New Salem, Illinois, and those objects which were so closely associated
-with him. These objects are of special interest because it was among
-them that he moved slowly forward through a cycle of failures and
-successes before reaching the high place which destiny had reserved for
-him. No man in American history has started with so little and achieved
-so much.
-
-With a certain temerity then, we present our pictorial history of the
-environment in which Lincoln spent the most formative years of his life.
-It was from this frontier atmosphere and these frontier people that
-Lincoln acquired his uncanny understanding of how common folk think and
-the wisdom that enabled him to hold in his hands the ties that bound a
-people and made a nation.
-
-
-
-
- _A Brief Chronology of Abraham Lincoln_
-
-
- Feb. 12, 1809 Born on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
- 1811 to 1816 The family, which included Abe’s sister, Sarah, lived
- on Knob Creek near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
- Nov. 1816 The family moved to Pigeon Creek in Indiana.
- Oct. 5, 1818 Abe’s mother died of “milk sickness.”
- Dec. 2, 1819 Thomas Lincoln married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow
- with three children, from Elizabethtown, Kentucky.
- Jan. 20, 1828 Sister Sarah died.
- Mar. 1830 The Lincoln family moved from Indiana to Illinois.
- Apr. 19, 1831 Offut’s flatboat piloted by Lincoln got stuck on the
- dam at New Salem, Illinois.
- Mar. 9, 1832 Announced candidacy for the Illinois Legislature.
- May 8, 1832 Mustered into U.S. Army for service in Black Hawk War.
- July 16, 1832 Mustered out of military service.
- Aug. 6, 1832 Defeated for the Legislature.
- May 7, 1833 Appointed postmaster at New Salem, Illinois.
- Aug. 4, 1834 Elected to the Legislature.
- Mar. 24, 1836 Sworn in as a lawyer of the Circuit Court of Sangamon
- County.
- Aug. 1, 1836 Reelected to the Legislature for a second term.
- Sept. 9, 1836 Licensed to practice law.
- Mar. 1, 1837 Admitted to the bar in Illinois.
- Mar. 15, 1837 Moved from New Salem to Springfield, Illinois.
- Aug. 1, 1838 Reelected to the Legislature for a third term.
- Dec. 3, 1839 Admitted to practice law in the Circuit Court of the
- United States.
- Aug. 1, 1840 Reelected to the Legislature for a fourth term.
- Nov. 4, 1842 Married Mary Todd of Lexington, Kentucky.
- Aug. 1, 1843 First child, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born.
- Jan. 7, 1844 Bought home in Springfield.
- Mar. 10, 1846 Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, was born.
- Aug. 3, 1846 Elected to Congress.
- Dec. 6, 1847 Took seat in Congress.
- Mar. 7, 1849 Admitted to practice law before United States Supreme
- Court.
- Feb. 1, 1850 Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, died.
- Dec. 21, 1850 Third child, William Wallace Lincoln, was born.
- Jan. 17, 1851 Lincoln’s father, Thomas, died.
- Apr. 4, 1853 Fourth child, Thomas “Tad” Lincoln, was born.
- June 16, 1858 Delivered “house divided” speech at Springfield.
- Aug. 21, 1858 First debate, with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa,
- Illinois.
- Aug. 27, 1858 Second debate, at Freeport, Illinois.
- Sept. 15, 1858 Third debate, at Jonesboro, Illinois.
- Sept. 18, 1858 Fourth debate, at Charleston, Illinois.
- Oct. 7, 1858 Fifth debate, at Galesburg, Illinois.
- Oct. 13, 1858 Sixth debate, at Quincy, Illinois.
- Oct. 15, 1858 Seventh and last debate, at Alton, Illinois.
- Nov. 2, 1858 Defeated by Douglas for the United States Senate.
- Nov. 5, 1858 First mentioned in press for President.
- May 18, 1860 Nominated for the Presidency.
- Nov. 6, 1860 Elected President.
- Jan. 31, 1861 Visited for the last time with his stepmother.
- Mar. 4, 1861 Inaugurated as President.
- Nov. 8, 1864 Reelected as President.
- Mar. 4, 1865 Reinaugurated as President.
- Apr. 14, 1865 Shot by Booth.
- Apr. 15, 1865 Died in Washington.
- May 4, 1865 Buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois.
-
- [Illustration: It was from the faithful Sinking Spring, near
- Hodgenville, Kentucky, that the farm of Lincoln’s nativity got its
- name.]
-
- [Illustration: The branches of the Boundary Oak, a landmark for early
- frontiersmen, still shelter the hallowed birthplace of the man who
- went to school for perhaps a year, split rails in frontier clearings,
- traveled the Eighth Circuit as a lawyer, became President of the
- United States, freed the slaves, spoke the First and Second Inaugurals
- and the Gettysburg Address.]
-
- [Illustration: On February 12, 1809, a blizzard raged at Sinking
- Spring Farm, near Hodgenville, Kentucky. The wind howled down the
- chimney and through the cracks of the humble log cabin in which
- Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. The proud
- parents named the boy Abraham after his grandfather.]
-
- [Illustration: When Abe was two years old, his father moved the family
- to Knob Creek Farm where they lived until Abe was seven. The cabin lay
- nestled in a valley surrounded by rolling hills and deep gorges. Here
- Abe played with his friend, Austin Gollaher, gathered firewood from
- the forest, wild berries from the vales, and for a short time attended
- Mrs. Hodgen’s “blab” school. Thomas Lincoln decided to move his family
- across the Ohio River to live on Pigeon Creek in Indiana where the
- soil was richer and there were no slaves.]
-
- [Illustration: The Lincoln’s erected a new log cabin on Pigeon Creek
- in Indiana. For the next fourteen years they struggled with the almost
- impossible odds of a bitter and treacherous wilderness. It was here
- that Abe’s mother died, and he helped his father lay her to rest in
- the forest.]
-
- [Illustration: In the little Log Schoolhouse near Pigeon Creek, in
- Indiana, Abe managed to get a few scattered weeks of sporadic
- schooling in readin’ writin’ and cipherin’ to the rule of three.]
-
- [Illustration: Abe did his homework by the light of the smouldering
- fireplace. He would scrape his charcoal cipherin’ from wooden boards
- so as to use them over and over again.]
-
- [Illustration: The Lincoln family often attended services in the
- little Baptist Church that Abe helped his father to build, near Pigeon
- Creek, in Indiana.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home of Josiah Crawford, a neighboring
- farmer, where Abe alternated working and learning. Mr. Crawford had
- several books which he lent Abe. When plowing, Abe read at the end of
- each furrow while he stopped to allow his horse to “breathe.”]
-
- [Illustration: In Gentryville, not far from Pigeon Creek, Mr. Gentry,
- a farmer and storekeeper lived in this two-story log mansion. At
- times, when his father didn’t need his help, Abe worked in Mr.
- Gentry’s store and on the farm. He helped Allen, Mr. Gentry’s son,
- build a flatboat, load it with store produce and float it down the
- Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans.]
-
- [Illustration: It was early spring of 1830 when the Lincoln’s made the
- long dismal journey from Indiana to the promising prairies of
- Illinois. Their stout wagons were piled high with rough-hewn
- furniture, feather beds, personal belongings, iron pots and pans.
- There were plows for breaking the “prairie’s sleeping sod” and tools
- for building a new log cabin.]
-
- [Illustration: This rustic abode was the last home of Thomas and Sarah
- Lincoln. Abe, who was now past twenty-one, had left his parents to
- seek his fortune on the bustling Illinois frontier.]
-
- [Illustration: Timber lined the river’s banks and crowned the rolling
- hills.]
-
- [Illustration: Historical marker.]
-
-
- NEW SALEM
-
-In the fall of 1828, James Rutledge and John Camron erected homes on
-this hill. The following year they built a grist and sawmill on the
-Sangamon River just below the hill, laid out the town of New Salem and
-began to sell lots. The mill became so popular that the town grew
-rapidly and flourished for several years although it never included more
-than one hundred inhabitants. With the founding and growth of
-Petersburg, two miles to the north and more accessibly located, its
-decline began. When the seat of the new County of Menard was located at
-Petersburg in 1839, New Salem quickly passed out of existence.
-
-Abraham Lincoln resided at New Salem from the summer of 1831 until the
-spring of 1837, supporting himself successively as clerk and mill hand,
-soldier in the Black Hawk War, storekeeper, postmaster and deputy
-surveyor. In 1832 he entered politics. Although defeated in his first
-campaign for the Legislature, he was elected a member of the House of
-Representatives in 1834 and again in 1836. Throughout his residence at
-New Salem, Lincoln strove to perfect his education, studying grammar,
-mathematics, and finally law. Upon his admission to the bar in March
-1837, he sought greater opportunities than New Salem offered, and so
-removed to Springfield.
-
- [Illustration: It was on a pleasant April day that the flat-bottomed
- boat, loaded with barrel pork, corn and live pigs, and piloted by
- young Abe Lincoln, rounded a bend in the Sangamon River and came to
- rest on top of the miller’s dam that stretched out across the river.
- The bow of the boat was raised high into the air. The squeals of the
- frightened pigs brought the citizens of New Salem hurrying down the
- bluff to the river bank.
-
- This was Lincoln’s introduction to the people of New Salem. Denton
- Offut, a swaggering, boastful, hard-drinking frontiersman, was owner
- of the boat. He became so impressed with the thriving little village
- that he decided to return after the voyage to New Orleans, and open a
- store with Lincoln as his clerk. The new store was opened the
- following September.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln helped fell the trees from which Offut’s
- one-room log store was erected. It stands on the bluff that leads down
- to the grist mill and the river bank. It was the usual type of
- frontier store, stocked with produce from the prairie farms or objects
- made at home.
-
- It was while working for Offut that Lincoln decided to improve his
- education. In fair weather, when there were no customers about,
- Lincoln could be seen lounging on the porch studying or talking with
- friends about slavery, crops, politics, cockfighting, horse racing or
- just telling stories to listening loafers.]
-
- [Illustration: At the top of the bluff, among the tall oak trees,
- stood the cabin of Rowen Herndon. Lincoln boarded here because it was
- near the store.]
-
- [Illustration: Bill Cleary’s saloon stood a short distance down the
- bluff from Offut’s store. It was the hangout for Jack Armstrong, who
- challenged Lincoln to a wrestling match. Even though the match ended
- in a draw, it gave Lincoln the reputation for courage and strength
- that convinced his associates that he “belonged.”]
-
- [Illustration: New Salem was a trading post for the farmers who
- cultivated farms on the surrounding prairies. On Main Street there was
- a cobbler, a hatter, a cooper, a blacksmith and wagon builder, a
- wheelwright and several merchants.
-
- These tradesmen had come to New Salem to help fill the needs felt by
- everyone. At the height of its prosperity, New Salem had a population
- of a hundred citizens and some twenty-five or thirty buildings.]
-
- [Illustration: The buildings were made of logs, notched together at
- the corners and chinked with native clay.]
-
- [Illustration: Roofs were pitched and covered with clapboard shingles
- called “shakes.”]
-
- [Illustration: Better homes in New Salem had chimneys made of stone.]
-
- [Illustration: Most homes had “cat and clay” chimneys, made of logs
- and chinked with native clay. On cold windy days members of the
- household were kept busy running outside to see whether or not the
- chimney had caught fire.]
-
- [Illustration: New Salem homes had window panes made of glass.]
-
- [Illustration: Windows were usually near the fireplace where family
- activity was carried on.]
-
- [Illustration: Over an open fire, in iron pots, frying pans and
- skillets, housewives cooked venison stew, roasted pork and wild game,
- fried mush, baked corn bread and corn dodgers to a golden brown and
- often hard enough “to split a board or fell a deer at forty feet.”]
-
- [Illustration: Sturdy trestle tables served the pioneer family well.]
-
- [Illustration: Pioneer women were especially proud of their chinaware.]
-
- [Illustration: A Seth Thomas clock adorned the mantles of those who
- were able to afford a touch of elegance.]
-
- [Illustration: Housewives spun the wool from which they made garments
- often stiff and too large, but suitable as garments to protect the
- family from the elements.]
-
- [Illustration: Beds were dressed with home-woven coverlets.]
-
- [Illustration: Babies came in annual crops.]
-
- [Illustration: Of the humble one-room log house the cooper’s son
- wrote: “At meal time it was all kitchen. On rainy days, when neighbors
- came to relate their exploits, how many deer and wild turkey they had
- killed, it was all sitting room. On Sunday, when the young men all
- dressed up in their jeans, and the young ladies, in their best bow
- dresses, it was all parlor. At night it was all bedroom.”]
-
- [Illustration: Outside, wood stacked high during the summer, dwindled
- rapidly as the winter passed.]
-
- [Illustration: From the ash hoppers, found in every backyard, lye was
- leeched for use in making soap.]
-
- [Illustration: Wells with windlass ropes and wooden buckets supplied
- the household with needed water.]
-
- [Illustration: Rain barrels caught the “soft” water that dripped from
- the eaves. This water was used for the family washing.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill, New Salem’s most prosperous businessman,
- owned the only four-room, two-story house in the village.]
-
- [Illustration: The opulence reflected in the Hill residence was not
- common to the homes of New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill was also owner of the woolhouse and carding
- machine. In spring, during wool shearing time, farmers brought their
- wool to the warehouse in sacks, old bed quilts and petticoats, pinned
- with thorns from the honey locust.]
-
- [Illustration: The carding machine in action was New Salem’s most
- dramatic attraction. From dawn until darkness the weary treading of
- oxen hoofs on the cleated treadmill powered the squeaking, moaning,
- wooden gears of the carding machine.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill and John McNeal owned the most successful
- store in New Salem. It was the center of village life. Under its
- protective porch people gathered to argue the questions of temperance,
- travel and human slavery.]
-
- [Illustration: Doctor John Allen lived across the road from the
- Hill-McNeal store. Unconvinced of the virtue of quinine for treating
- malaria fever, the doctor kept to such old remedies as Peruvian bark,
- jalop, calomel and boneset tea.]
-
- [Illustration: Peter Lukin, the cobbler, lived next door to Doctor
- Allen. The cobbler shop was in the small lean-to. As winter approached
- the cobbler converted piles of animal hides into shoes for the
- community.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence and office of Doctor Francis Regnier, Allen’s
- capable colleague, who purged, bled, blistered, puked, and salivated
- his patients.]
-
- [Illustration: The Doctor’s medical laboratory and reference library.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home and workshop of Martin Waddell, the
- village hatter. He made hats from opossum, raccoon and rabbit skins. A
- rabbitskin hat cost fifty cents. A hat made from an opossum or raccoon
- skin, with the tail hanging down in the back, cost two dollars.]
-
- [Illustration: In this kettle Waddell prepared the skins from which he
- made the hats.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence of Isaac Burner. Very little is known about
- the Burner family.]
-
- [Illustration: A familiar sight on Main Street, New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: In the small lean-to in the rear of his cabin, Robert
- Johnson, the wheelwright and cabinetmaker, painstakingly made spinning
- wheels, wagon wheels, looms, and sturdy furniture for the community.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence of Isaac Golliher, who had the only root
- cellar in the village.]
-
- [Illustration: For three years Lincoln was postmaster at New Salem. In
- this position he became well-acquainted with people for miles around.
- It was here he began his lifelong habit of reading newspapers, through
- which, in part, he learned to interpret public opinion. To supplement
- his earnings as postmaster he did odd jobs, such as clerking in Hill’s
- store, helping out at the mill or splitting rails.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home of Alexander Trent. When Lincoln
- became postmaster he was required to furnish bond of five hundred
- dollars. Alexander Trent was one of his bondsmen.]
-
- [Illustration: Henry Onstat’s cabin and the cooperage where he made
- barrels so much in demand by the community of New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: The cooperage was a busy place. There was always a
- great pile of shavings in the fireplace. Lincoln often came to the
- cooperage at night and by the glow of the burning shavings he studied
- mathematics, literature and law.]
-
- [Illustration: Across the road from the cooperage stood the double
- cabin of Jack Kelso, philosopher and fisherman, and his
- brother-in-law, Joshua Miller, the powerful village blacksmith.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln was a frequent visitor to the Kelso cabin; he
- and Jack often sat around the table and by the cheerful glow of the
- fireplace, read and discussed Shakespeare, Blackstone and Burns. It
- was Jack Kelso who introduced Lincoln to the classics of literature.]
-
- [Illustration: Joshua Miller’s blacksmith shop was the busiest place
- in town. The ring of his anvil was heard from morning until night
- throughout the village as he shaped metal into oxen shoes, horseshoes
- and farm implements.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln, seeking an occupation that would afford him a
- better living than odd jobs, considered becoming a blacksmith. For a
- time his strong arms grappled with the chore, but he preferred lighter
- work which allowed him more time for studying. He also had thoughts of
- becoming a merchant.]
-
- [Illustration: The limbs of the great oak tree still cast their
- shadows across the Lincoln-Berry store. In fair weather, when
- housewives were busy and sales were restricted to an occasional pound
- of sugar or a piece of beeswax, Lincoln, barefoot, lay stretched out
- under the oak tree, lost in a book.]
-
- [Illustration: The Rutledge Tavern, where Lincoln courted Ann
- Rutledge, stood across the road from the Lincoln-Berry store. While
- waiting on a customer, or studying under the oak tree, he often paused
- to watch her as she moved about the yard of the tavern.]
-
- [Illustration: A burning candle in the tavern window welcomed whatever
- wayfarer might be seeking food and lodging.]
-
- [Illustration: The tavern was a pleasant and comfortable place. Every
- day brought new guests to the dining room. For a time Lincoln lived at
- the tavern; his wit and tall tales often made him the center of
- interest.]
-
- [Illustration: While residing at the tavern, Lincoln climbed the rungs
- of a well-worn ladder to the loft, where he shared a bed with E. Y.
- Ellis, who says that Lincoln’s wit and stories often kept the other
- male guests in an uproar until late at night.]
-
- [Illustration: The west room of the tavern accommodated the Rutledge
- family and now and then an overnight lady guest.]
-
- [Illustration: On Sunday evenings the Rutledge family and friends
- gathered before the fireplace to listen to a sermon and to sing hymns.
- Lincoln stood near Ann and turned the pages of her _Missouri Harmony
- Song Book_.]
-
- [Illustration: The betrothal of Ann Rutledge and Lincoln ended with
- her untimely death. Ann’s brother said: “The effect upon Mr. Lincoln’s
- mind was terrible. He became plunged in despair, and many of his
- friends feared reason would desert her throne. His extraordinary
- emotions were regarded as strong evidence of the existence of the
- tenderest relations between himself and the deceased.”]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln, the ardent student, could be found pursuing
- his studies in the most unusual places. Squire Godbey, seeing him
- stretched out on a pile of wood, inquired: “What are you reading Abe?”
- Lincoln replied: “I am not reading. I am studying Law.” “Law? Good God
- A’mighty!” exclaimed the surprised squire as he walked away.]
-
- [Illustration: The little subscription schoolhouse stands a half mile
- south of the village near Purkapile “crick.” Schoolmaster Mentor
- Graham was a constant stimulus to Lincoln and always ready to help and
- encourage him. After the day’s routine had ended Lincoln often came to
- the school so that the master might evaluate his progress.]
-
- [Illustration: In 1834, Lincoln’s quest for knowledge and esteem was
- rewarded. The citizens of Sangamon County sent the novice lawmaker to
- the State Capitol at Vandalia, to take his seat in the Ninth General
- Assembly of the Legislature of Illinois.]
-
- [Illustration: In the Assembly, Lincoln said little, but observed
- closely and learned much. He was among men of affairs, education and
- political experience. He became floor leader of the Whigs and an
- esteemed member of a political group known as the “Long Nine” who were
- successful in having the State Capitol moved from Vandalia to
- Springfield.]
-
- [Illustration: In March of 1837, after having been admitted to the bar
- in Illinois, Lincoln moved from New Salem to Springfield. For the next
- twenty-five years the first State Capitol Building in Springfield
- became the center of his many activities.]
-
- [Illustration: The Postville Courthouse was on the “Old Eighth
- Circuit.” In Lincoln’s day judges and lawyers rode horseback from one
- county courthouse to another, so as to make a living by representing
- the litigants in the suits to be heard. This was known as “riding the
- circuit.”]
-
- [Illustration: The Mount Pulaski Courthouse hasn’t changed much since
- Lincoln practiced law here more than a hundred years ago.]
-
- [Illustration: In the court and jury room Lincoln argued cases before
- such distinguished judges as David Davis, who became a Justice of the
- United States Supreme Court.]
-
- [Illustration: During those inevitable moments of disturbance when the
- courtroom became unruly, Judge Davis would sound this gavel calling
- for order in the court.]
-
- [Illustration: The Metamora Courthouse, dating from 1845, retains the
- atmosphere of those rugged days when Lincoln and his colleagues came
- here to plead for justice before the bar.]
-
- [Illustration: At Metamora, Lincoln sat at this table. The “skirt” was
- cut away to accommodate his long legs.]
-
- [Illustration: The well-worn courthouse doorstep is evidence of one
- court room visitor’s observations: “Court week is a general holiday.
- Not only suitors, jurors and witnesses, but all who can spare the time
- brush up their coats and brush down their horses to go to court.”]
-
- [Illustration: An atmosphere of exultation pervaded the Metamora
- courtroom when Lincoln was present. He was the most popular of all the
- barristers who traveled the Eighth Circuit.]
-
- [Illustration: The Old Cass County Courthouse in Beadstown, Illinois,
- was the scene of the “Duff” Armstrong murder trial in which Lincoln
- defended the son of “Aunt Hanna” Armstrong, who had befriended him
- when he lived in New Salem. During the trial Lincoln proved, by
- referring to an almanac, that the moon was not shining brightly at the
- time of the murder. It is said that tears stood in Lincoln’s eyes as
- he pleaded for the boy’s life and that the hardened pioneer jurymen
- wept with him. Young Armstrong was acquitted.]
-
- [Illustration: The courtroom.]
-
- [Illustration: On the evening of July 29, 1858, Lincoln, Republican
- Candidate for the United States Senate and the incumbent Democratic
- Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, were guests at the Bryant Home. It was
- here that the two politicians agreed to their seven debates.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln occupied the chair below during the evening’s
- discussion.]
-
- [Illustration: On this table Douglas wrote a letter to Lincoln
- confirming the schedule for seven debates.]
-
- [Illustration: This memorial to the Lincoln-Douglas debates, at
- Quincy, Illinois, stands as a symbol of Lincoln’s moral and spiritual
- convictions. They enabled him to match wits with Stephen A. Douglas,
- who was blind to the evils of slavery and deaf and dumb to those who
- expressed a desire to abolish it.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln had crossed the threshold of his greatest
- ambition when he and his family became frequent visitors to the
- Governor’s Mansion, where they mingled with the elite both politically
- and socially. Lincoln’s name had been mentioned in the press as a
- possible candidate for the Presidency.]
-
- [Illustration: “The Rail Splitter.” Lincoln acquired this nickname
- during the 1860 convention in Chicago, where he became known as “The
- Rail Splitter” candidate for President of the United States.]
-
- [Illustration: It was to this house, Lincoln’s Springfield residence,
- that the appointed committee came on May 19, 1860 to notify “The Rail
- Splitter” candidate of his nomination for the Presidency.]
-
- [Illustration: One of the committeemen rang the front doorbell, which
- has announced visitors to the Lincoln house for more than a hundred
- years.]
-
- [Illustration: “The Rail Splitter” himself opened the front door and
- welcomed the committee into the entrance hall, where both the humble
- and the great had always been welcome visitors.]
-
- [Illustration: It was in the north parlor that the committee
- spokesman, George Ashmun, delivered to Lincoln the letter which
- confirmed his nomination, a copy of the Republican platform and a
- short congratulatory speech. “The Rail Splitter” candidate stood tall
- and dignified, a grave expression on his rugged countenance.]
-
- [Illustration: The committee was introduced to Mrs. Lincoln in the
- south parlor, where she served refreshments and water. Later “The Rail
- Splitter” opined that the water seemed a sufficient stimulant.]
-
- [Illustration: Mr. Lincoln’s favorite rocker.]
-
- [Illustration: Mrs. Lincoln’s sewing rocker.]
-
- [Illustration: When Mrs. Lincoln was entertaining friends, “Honest
- Abe” often retired to the kitchen where he stretched out on the floor
- to read a book or newspaper.]
-
- [Illustration: It was a cold January day when Lincoln journeyed from
- Springfield to this quaint little house near Charleston, Illinois, to
- visit for the last time with his beloved stepmother, before leaving
- for Washington and his inauguration.]
-
- [Illustration: While sitting before the glowing fireplace, Lincoln and
- his stepmother must have reminisced about those formidable days in the
- forests of Indiana and the first few years on the prairies of
- Illinois.]
-
- [Illustration: “How slowly, and yet by happily prepared steps, he came
- to his place,” said Emerson. This statue is in Chicago’s Lincoln Park.]
-
- [Illustration: At the dedication of the memorial and tomb to the Great
- Emancipator in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, Governor
- Richard Oglesby spoke these words: “And now under the gracious favor
- of Almighty God, I dedicate this monument to the memory of the obscure
- boy, the honest man, the illustrious statesman, the great liberator,
- and the martyr President Abraham Lincoln, and to the keeping of Time.”]
-
-
-
-
- The LINCOLN COUNTRY:
- IN PICTURES
- _by Carl and Rosalie Frazier_
-
-
-Perhaps no man in American history has been viewed with such respect and
-reverence by the American people as has Abraham Lincoln. School children
-and scholars alike have been moved by the humanity of his deeply lined
-face, have marveled at his rise from poverty to the Presidency, have
-sorrowed anew at the tragedy of his death, have read his words and been
-unable to erase them from their memory. If there is one historic person
-most of us would like to know, it is Abraham Lincoln.
-
-Here—in these pages which recreate the world Lincoln knew as a child and
-a young man—the reader can come close to Lincoln. In these fine
-photographs, which carefully depict the familiar, everyday scenes of
-young Abe’s manhood, he can see Lincoln’s world as Lincoln saw it. As
-the authors say: “It was from this frontier atmosphere and these
-frontier people that Lincoln acquired his uncanny understanding of how
-common folk think and the wisdom that enabled him to hold in his hands
-the ties that bound a people and made a nation.”
-
-It is this atmosphere that the authors have captured in over 100
-photographs, and it is the rhythm of frontier life that they have caught
-in the factual simplicity of the text. Here is the farm in Kentucky
-where Lincoln was born; here are reconstructed the smithy, the tavern,
-the houses of New Salem, Illinois where Lincoln was a clerk, where he
-studied law, where he was elected to the state legislature. Here is the
-Springfield that Lincoln knew when he was first elected to Congress, the
-town where his sons were born, where in 1860 he learned that he was a
-candidate for the Presidency. This is Lincoln’s country. As the reader
-follows Lincoln through the pages of this book, he will feel suddenly
-close to the man who left such an indelible imprint on the history of
-this nation—and upon its people.
-
-
-CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER live in Chicago, Illinois where they pursue
-their professions as artists and photographers. Their knowledge of
-Abraham Lincoln comes from their considerable and extensive research
-into Lincoln’s life and their many pilgrimages to those places where he
-lived in Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois.
-
-The Fraziers became interested in trying to capture through the lenses
-of their cameras that certain something which attracts visitors by the
-thousands to the Lincoln shrines every year. They hope this picture book
-will preserve, or at least refresh the memories of these observant
-visitors, and bring to those who may never have this opportunity a
-better mental picture of this benevolent man’s environment.
-
-
- HASTINGS HOUSE • PUBLISHERS
- _New York 22_
-
- [Illustration: The Rutledge Tavern where Abraham Lincoln often stayed.
- The well-worn ladder leads to his bed in the loft.]
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
---Copyright notice provided as in the original—this e-text is public
- domain in the country of publication.
-
---Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and
- dialect unchanged.
-
---Moved some captions closer to the corresponding pictures.
-
---In the text versions, delimited italicized text by _underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Lincoln Country in Pictures
-
-Author: Carl Frazier
- Rosalie Frazier
-
-Release Date: December 20, 2017 [EBook #56210]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The Isaac Golliher house.
-
- [Illustration: Split-rail fence.]
-
-
-
-
- _The_ LINCOLN
- COUNTRY
- _in Pictures_
-
-
- By CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER
-
- [Illustration: Ox-drawn wagon.]
-
- HASTINGS HOUSE _Publishers_ New York 22
-
- [Illustration: The story of Abraham Lincoln is ever fresh. It appeals
- to the imagination and grips the vision of many people in various
- ways. Perhaps that is why millions of visitors make pilgrimages to the
- humble abodes in which he lived and the places he frequented.
- _Photograph Courtesy Chicago Historical Society._]
-
- [Illustration: "Every man is said to have his peculiar ambition.
- Whether it be true or not, I can say for one that I have no other so
- great as that of being truly esteemed by my fellow men, rendering
- myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall succeed in gratifying
- this ambition, is yet to be developed."
- --_Address to Sangamon County, March 9, 1832._]
-
- Copyright 1963, by Carl and Rosalie Frazier
-
- All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
- without written permission of the publisher.
-
- Published simultaneously in Canada
- by S. J. Reginald Saunders, Publishers, Toronto 2B
-
- Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-19173
-
- _Printed in the United States of America_
-
-
-
-
- FOREWORD
-
-
-We know it is no longer possible to add anything new to the written word
-about Lincoln. The hundreds of historians who have attempted to write
-the life of the Great Emancipator have covered every facet of it.
-Therefore, we have chosen to present our story of a by-gone day in a
-series of camera impressions, hoping to arouse in our readers an
-emotional sense of "present being."
-
-We have done this for two reasons: first, because Lincoln's early
-frontier has achieved a factual and imaginative rebirth through loving
-care and painstaking efforts after having fallen into ruin for many
-years. Secondly, we believe as many historians do, that America owes
-much of the credit for its national character and institutions to the
-atmosphere of the early frontier. It was the appreciation of the role it
-played on the character of Lincoln that brought about the restoration of
-New Salem, Illinois, and those objects which were so closely associated
-with him. These objects are of special interest because it was among
-them that he moved slowly forward through a cycle of failures and
-successes before reaching the high place which destiny had reserved for
-him. No man in American history has started with so little and achieved
-so much.
-
-With a certain temerity then, we present our pictorial history of the
-environment in which Lincoln spent the most formative years of his life.
-It was from this frontier atmosphere and these frontier people that
-Lincoln acquired his uncanny understanding of how common folk think and
-the wisdom that enabled him to hold in his hands the ties that bound a
-people and made a nation.
-
-
-
-
- _A Brief Chronology of Abraham Lincoln_
-
-
- Feb. 12, 1809 Born on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
- 1811 to 1816 The family, which included Abe's sister, Sarah, lived
- on Knob Creek near Hodgenville, Kentucky.
- Nov. 1816 The family moved to Pigeon Creek in Indiana.
- Oct. 5, 1818 Abe's mother died of "milk sickness."
- Dec. 2, 1819 Thomas Lincoln married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow
- with three children, from Elizabethtown, Kentucky.
- Jan. 20, 1828 Sister Sarah died.
- Mar. 1830 The Lincoln family moved from Indiana to Illinois.
- Apr. 19, 1831 Offut's flatboat piloted by Lincoln got stuck on the
- dam at New Salem, Illinois.
- Mar. 9, 1832 Announced candidacy for the Illinois Legislature.
- May 8, 1832 Mustered into U.S. Army for service in Black Hawk War.
- July 16, 1832 Mustered out of military service.
- Aug. 6, 1832 Defeated for the Legislature.
- May 7, 1833 Appointed postmaster at New Salem, Illinois.
- Aug. 4, 1834 Elected to the Legislature.
- Mar. 24, 1836 Sworn in as a lawyer of the Circuit Court of Sangamon
- County.
- Aug. 1, 1836 Reelected to the Legislature for a second term.
- Sept. 9, 1836 Licensed to practice law.
- Mar. 1, 1837 Admitted to the bar in Illinois.
- Mar. 15, 1837 Moved from New Salem to Springfield, Illinois.
- Aug. 1, 1838 Reelected to the Legislature for a third term.
- Dec. 3, 1839 Admitted to practice law in the Circuit Court of the
- United States.
- Aug. 1, 1840 Reelected to the Legislature for a fourth term.
- Nov. 4, 1842 Married Mary Todd of Lexington, Kentucky.
- Aug. 1, 1843 First child, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born.
- Jan. 7, 1844 Bought home in Springfield.
- Mar. 10, 1846 Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, was born.
- Aug. 3, 1846 Elected to Congress.
- Dec. 6, 1847 Took seat in Congress.
- Mar. 7, 1849 Admitted to practice law before United States Supreme
- Court.
- Feb. 1, 1850 Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, died.
- Dec. 21, 1850 Third child, William Wallace Lincoln, was born.
- Jan. 17, 1851 Lincoln's father, Thomas, died.
- Apr. 4, 1853 Fourth child, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born.
- June 16, 1858 Delivered "house divided" speech at Springfield.
- Aug. 21, 1858 First debate, with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa,
- Illinois.
- Aug. 27, 1858 Second debate, at Freeport, Illinois.
- Sept. 15, 1858 Third debate, at Jonesboro, Illinois.
- Sept. 18, 1858 Fourth debate, at Charleston, Illinois.
- Oct. 7, 1858 Fifth debate, at Galesburg, Illinois.
- Oct. 13, 1858 Sixth debate, at Quincy, Illinois.
- Oct. 15, 1858 Seventh and last debate, at Alton, Illinois.
- Nov. 2, 1858 Defeated by Douglas for the United States Senate.
- Nov. 5, 1858 First mentioned in press for President.
- May 18, 1860 Nominated for the Presidency.
- Nov. 6, 1860 Elected President.
- Jan. 31, 1861 Visited for the last time with his stepmother.
- Mar. 4, 1861 Inaugurated as President.
- Nov. 8, 1864 Reelected as President.
- Mar. 4, 1865 Reinaugurated as President.
- Apr. 14, 1865 Shot by Booth.
- Apr. 15, 1865 Died in Washington.
- May 4, 1865 Buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois.
-
- [Illustration: It was from the faithful Sinking Spring, near
- Hodgenville, Kentucky, that the farm of Lincoln's nativity got its
- name.]
-
- [Illustration: The branches of the Boundary Oak, a landmark for early
- frontiersmen, still shelter the hallowed birthplace of the man who
- went to school for perhaps a year, split rails in frontier clearings,
- traveled the Eighth Circuit as a lawyer, became President of the
- United States, freed the slaves, spoke the First and Second Inaugurals
- and the Gettysburg Address.]
-
- [Illustration: On February 12, 1809, a blizzard raged at Sinking
- Spring Farm, near Hodgenville, Kentucky. The wind howled down the
- chimney and through the cracks of the humble log cabin in which
- Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. The proud
- parents named the boy Abraham after his grandfather.]
-
- [Illustration: When Abe was two years old, his father moved the family
- to Knob Creek Farm where they lived until Abe was seven. The cabin lay
- nestled in a valley surrounded by rolling hills and deep gorges. Here
- Abe played with his friend, Austin Gollaher, gathered firewood from
- the forest, wild berries from the vales, and for a short time attended
- Mrs. Hodgen's "blab" school. Thomas Lincoln decided to move his family
- across the Ohio River to live on Pigeon Creek in Indiana where the
- soil was richer and there were no slaves.]
-
- [Illustration: The Lincoln's erected a new log cabin on Pigeon Creek
- in Indiana. For the next fourteen years they struggled with the almost
- impossible odds of a bitter and treacherous wilderness. It was here
- that Abe's mother died, and he helped his father lay her to rest in
- the forest.]
-
- [Illustration: In the little Log Schoolhouse near Pigeon Creek, in
- Indiana, Abe managed to get a few scattered weeks of sporadic
- schooling in readin' writin' and cipherin' to the rule of three.]
-
- [Illustration: Abe did his homework by the light of the smouldering
- fireplace. He would scrape his charcoal cipherin' from wooden boards
- so as to use them over and over again.]
-
- [Illustration: The Lincoln family often attended services in the
- little Baptist Church that Abe helped his father to build, near Pigeon
- Creek, in Indiana.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home of Josiah Crawford, a neighboring
- farmer, where Abe alternated working and learning. Mr. Crawford had
- several books which he lent Abe. When plowing, Abe read at the end of
- each furrow while he stopped to allow his horse to "breathe."]
-
- [Illustration: In Gentryville, not far from Pigeon Creek, Mr. Gentry,
- a farmer and storekeeper lived in this two-story log mansion. At
- times, when his father didn't need his help, Abe worked in Mr.
- Gentry's store and on the farm. He helped Allen, Mr. Gentry's son,
- build a flatboat, load it with store produce and float it down the
- Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans.]
-
- [Illustration: It was early spring of 1830 when the Lincoln's made the
- long dismal journey from Indiana to the promising prairies of
- Illinois. Their stout wagons were piled high with rough-hewn
- furniture, feather beds, personal belongings, iron pots and pans.
- There were plows for breaking the "prairie's sleeping sod" and tools
- for building a new log cabin.]
-
- [Illustration: This rustic abode was the last home of Thomas and Sarah
- Lincoln. Abe, who was now past twenty-one, had left his parents to
- seek his fortune on the bustling Illinois frontier.]
-
- [Illustration: Timber lined the river's banks and crowned the rolling
- hills.]
-
- [Illustration: Historical marker.]
-
-
- NEW SALEM
-
-In the fall of 1828, James Rutledge and John Camron erected homes on
-this hill. The following year they built a grist and sawmill on the
-Sangamon River just below the hill, laid out the town of New Salem and
-began to sell lots. The mill became so popular that the town grew
-rapidly and flourished for several years although it never included more
-than one hundred inhabitants. With the founding and growth of
-Petersburg, two miles to the north and more accessibly located, its
-decline began. When the seat of the new County of Menard was located at
-Petersburg in 1839, New Salem quickly passed out of existence.
-
-Abraham Lincoln resided at New Salem from the summer of 1831 until the
-spring of 1837, supporting himself successively as clerk and mill hand,
-soldier in the Black Hawk War, storekeeper, postmaster and deputy
-surveyor. In 1832 he entered politics. Although defeated in his first
-campaign for the Legislature, he was elected a member of the House of
-Representatives in 1834 and again in 1836. Throughout his residence at
-New Salem, Lincoln strove to perfect his education, studying grammar,
-mathematics, and finally law. Upon his admission to the bar in March
-1837, he sought greater opportunities than New Salem offered, and so
-removed to Springfield.
-
- [Illustration: It was on a pleasant April day that the flat-bottomed
- boat, loaded with barrel pork, corn and live pigs, and piloted by
- young Abe Lincoln, rounded a bend in the Sangamon River and came to
- rest on top of the miller's dam that stretched out across the river.
- The bow of the boat was raised high into the air. The squeals of the
- frightened pigs brought the citizens of New Salem hurrying down the
- bluff to the river bank.
-
- This was Lincoln's introduction to the people of New Salem. Denton
- Offut, a swaggering, boastful, hard-drinking frontiersman, was owner
- of the boat. He became so impressed with the thriving little village
- that he decided to return after the voyage to New Orleans, and open a
- store with Lincoln as his clerk. The new store was opened the
- following September.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln helped fell the trees from which Offut's
- one-room log store was erected. It stands on the bluff that leads down
- to the grist mill and the river bank. It was the usual type of
- frontier store, stocked with produce from the prairie farms or objects
- made at home.
-
- It was while working for Offut that Lincoln decided to improve his
- education. In fair weather, when there were no customers about,
- Lincoln could be seen lounging on the porch studying or talking with
- friends about slavery, crops, politics, cockfighting, horse racing or
- just telling stories to listening loafers.]
-
- [Illustration: At the top of the bluff, among the tall oak trees,
- stood the cabin of Rowen Herndon. Lincoln boarded here because it was
- near the store.]
-
- [Illustration: Bill Cleary's saloon stood a short distance down the
- bluff from Offut's store. It was the hangout for Jack Armstrong, who
- challenged Lincoln to a wrestling match. Even though the match ended
- in a draw, it gave Lincoln the reputation for courage and strength
- that convinced his associates that he "belonged."]
-
- [Illustration: New Salem was a trading post for the farmers who
- cultivated farms on the surrounding prairies. On Main Street there was
- a cobbler, a hatter, a cooper, a blacksmith and wagon builder, a
- wheelwright and several merchants.
-
- These tradesmen had come to New Salem to help fill the needs felt by
- everyone. At the height of its prosperity, New Salem had a population
- of a hundred citizens and some twenty-five or thirty buildings.]
-
- [Illustration: The buildings were made of logs, notched together at
- the corners and chinked with native clay.]
-
- [Illustration: Roofs were pitched and covered with clapboard shingles
- called "shakes."]
-
- [Illustration: Better homes in New Salem had chimneys made of stone.]
-
- [Illustration: Most homes had "cat and clay" chimneys, made of logs
- and chinked with native clay. On cold windy days members of the
- household were kept busy running outside to see whether or not the
- chimney had caught fire.]
-
- [Illustration: New Salem homes had window panes made of glass.]
-
- [Illustration: Windows were usually near the fireplace where family
- activity was carried on.]
-
- [Illustration: Over an open fire, in iron pots, frying pans and
- skillets, housewives cooked venison stew, roasted pork and wild game,
- fried mush, baked corn bread and corn dodgers to a golden brown and
- often hard enough "to split a board or fell a deer at forty feet."]
-
- [Illustration: Sturdy trestle tables served the pioneer family well.]
-
- [Illustration: Pioneer women were especially proud of their chinaware.]
-
- [Illustration: A Seth Thomas clock adorned the mantles of those who
- were able to afford a touch of elegance.]
-
- [Illustration: Housewives spun the wool from which they made garments
- often stiff and too large, but suitable as garments to protect the
- family from the elements.]
-
- [Illustration: Beds were dressed with home-woven coverlets.]
-
- [Illustration: Babies came in annual crops.]
-
- [Illustration: Of the humble one-room log house the cooper's son
- wrote: "At meal time it was all kitchen. On rainy days, when neighbors
- came to relate their exploits, how many deer and wild turkey they had
- killed, it was all sitting room. On Sunday, when the young men all
- dressed up in their jeans, and the young ladies, in their best bow
- dresses, it was all parlor. At night it was all bedroom."]
-
- [Illustration: Outside, wood stacked high during the summer, dwindled
- rapidly as the winter passed.]
-
- [Illustration: From the ash hoppers, found in every backyard, lye was
- leeched for use in making soap.]
-
- [Illustration: Wells with windlass ropes and wooden buckets supplied
- the household with needed water.]
-
- [Illustration: Rain barrels caught the "soft" water that dripped from
- the eaves. This water was used for the family washing.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill, New Salem's most prosperous businessman,
- owned the only four-room, two-story house in the village.]
-
- [Illustration: The opulence reflected in the Hill residence was not
- common to the homes of New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill was also owner of the woolhouse and carding
- machine. In spring, during wool shearing time, farmers brought their
- wool to the warehouse in sacks, old bed quilts and petticoats, pinned
- with thorns from the honey locust.]
-
- [Illustration: The carding machine in action was New Salem's most
- dramatic attraction. From dawn until darkness the weary treading of
- oxen hoofs on the cleated treadmill powered the squeaking, moaning,
- wooden gears of the carding machine.]
-
- [Illustration: Samuel Hill and John McNeal owned the most successful
- store in New Salem. It was the center of village life. Under its
- protective porch people gathered to argue the questions of temperance,
- travel and human slavery.]
-
- [Illustration: Doctor John Allen lived across the road from the
- Hill-McNeal store. Unconvinced of the virtue of quinine for treating
- malaria fever, the doctor kept to such old remedies as Peruvian bark,
- jalop, calomel and boneset tea.]
-
- [Illustration: Peter Lukin, the cobbler, lived next door to Doctor
- Allen. The cobbler shop was in the small lean-to. As winter approached
- the cobbler converted piles of animal hides into shoes for the
- community.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence and office of Doctor Francis Regnier, Allen's
- capable colleague, who purged, bled, blistered, puked, and salivated
- his patients.]
-
- [Illustration: The Doctor's medical laboratory and reference library.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home and workshop of Martin Waddell, the
- village hatter. He made hats from opossum, raccoon and rabbit skins. A
- rabbitskin hat cost fifty cents. A hat made from an opossum or raccoon
- skin, with the tail hanging down in the back, cost two dollars.]
-
- [Illustration: In this kettle Waddell prepared the skins from which he
- made the hats.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence of Isaac Burner. Very little is known about
- the Burner family.]
-
- [Illustration: A familiar sight on Main Street, New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: In the small lean-to in the rear of his cabin, Robert
- Johnson, the wheelwright and cabinetmaker, painstakingly made spinning
- wheels, wagon wheels, looms, and sturdy furniture for the community.]
-
- [Illustration: Residence of Isaac Golliher, who had the only root
- cellar in the village.]
-
- [Illustration: For three years Lincoln was postmaster at New Salem. In
- this position he became well-acquainted with people for miles around.
- It was here he began his lifelong habit of reading newspapers, through
- which, in part, he learned to interpret public opinion. To supplement
- his earnings as postmaster he did odd jobs, such as clerking in Hill's
- store, helping out at the mill or splitting rails.]
-
- [Illustration: This was the home of Alexander Trent. When Lincoln
- became postmaster he was required to furnish bond of five hundred
- dollars. Alexander Trent was one of his bondsmen.]
-
- [Illustration: Henry Onstat's cabin and the cooperage where he made
- barrels so much in demand by the community of New Salem.]
-
- [Illustration: The cooperage was a busy place. There was always a
- great pile of shavings in the fireplace. Lincoln often came to the
- cooperage at night and by the glow of the burning shavings he studied
- mathematics, literature and law.]
-
- [Illustration: Across the road from the cooperage stood the double
- cabin of Jack Kelso, philosopher and fisherman, and his
- brother-in-law, Joshua Miller, the powerful village blacksmith.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln was a frequent visitor to the Kelso cabin; he
- and Jack often sat around the table and by the cheerful glow of the
- fireplace, read and discussed Shakespeare, Blackstone and Burns. It
- was Jack Kelso who introduced Lincoln to the classics of literature.]
-
- [Illustration: Joshua Miller's blacksmith shop was the busiest place
- in town. The ring of his anvil was heard from morning until night
- throughout the village as he shaped metal into oxen shoes, horseshoes
- and farm implements.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln, seeking an occupation that would afford him a
- better living than odd jobs, considered becoming a blacksmith. For a
- time his strong arms grappled with the chore, but he preferred lighter
- work which allowed him more time for studying. He also had thoughts of
- becoming a merchant.]
-
- [Illustration: The limbs of the great oak tree still cast their
- shadows across the Lincoln-Berry store. In fair weather, when
- housewives were busy and sales were restricted to an occasional pound
- of sugar or a piece of beeswax, Lincoln, barefoot, lay stretched out
- under the oak tree, lost in a book.]
-
- [Illustration: The Rutledge Tavern, where Lincoln courted Ann
- Rutledge, stood across the road from the Lincoln-Berry store. While
- waiting on a customer, or studying under the oak tree, he often paused
- to watch her as she moved about the yard of the tavern.]
-
- [Illustration: A burning candle in the tavern window welcomed whatever
- wayfarer might be seeking food and lodging.]
-
- [Illustration: The tavern was a pleasant and comfortable place. Every
- day brought new guests to the dining room. For a time Lincoln lived at
- the tavern; his wit and tall tales often made him the center of
- interest.]
-
- [Illustration: While residing at the tavern, Lincoln climbed the rungs
- of a well-worn ladder to the loft, where he shared a bed with E. Y.
- Ellis, who says that Lincoln's wit and stories often kept the other
- male guests in an uproar until late at night.]
-
- [Illustration: The west room of the tavern accommodated the Rutledge
- family and now and then an overnight lady guest.]
-
- [Illustration: On Sunday evenings the Rutledge family and friends
- gathered before the fireplace to listen to a sermon and to sing hymns.
- Lincoln stood near Ann and turned the pages of her _Missouri Harmony
- Song Book_.]
-
- [Illustration: The betrothal of Ann Rutledge and Lincoln ended with
- her untimely death. Ann's brother said: "The effect upon Mr. Lincoln's
- mind was terrible. He became plunged in despair, and many of his
- friends feared reason would desert her throne. His extraordinary
- emotions were regarded as strong evidence of the existence of the
- tenderest relations between himself and the deceased."]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln, the ardent student, could be found pursuing
- his studies in the most unusual places. Squire Godbey, seeing him
- stretched out on a pile of wood, inquired: "What are you reading Abe?"
- Lincoln replied: "I am not reading. I am studying Law." "Law? Good God
- A'mighty!" exclaimed the surprised squire as he walked away.]
-
- [Illustration: The little subscription schoolhouse stands a half mile
- south of the village near Purkapile "crick." Schoolmaster Mentor
- Graham was a constant stimulus to Lincoln and always ready to help and
- encourage him. After the day's routine had ended Lincoln often came to
- the school so that the master might evaluate his progress.]
-
- [Illustration: In 1834, Lincoln's quest for knowledge and esteem was
- rewarded. The citizens of Sangamon County sent the novice lawmaker to
- the State Capitol at Vandalia, to take his seat in the Ninth General
- Assembly of the Legislature of Illinois.]
-
- [Illustration: In the Assembly, Lincoln said little, but observed
- closely and learned much. He was among men of affairs, education and
- political experience. He became floor leader of the Whigs and an
- esteemed member of a political group known as the "Long Nine" who were
- successful in having the State Capitol moved from Vandalia to
- Springfield.]
-
- [Illustration: In March of 1837, after having been admitted to the bar
- in Illinois, Lincoln moved from New Salem to Springfield. For the next
- twenty-five years the first State Capitol Building in Springfield
- became the center of his many activities.]
-
- [Illustration: The Postville Courthouse was on the "Old Eighth
- Circuit." In Lincoln's day judges and lawyers rode horseback from one
- county courthouse to another, so as to make a living by representing
- the litigants in the suits to be heard. This was known as "riding the
- circuit."]
-
- [Illustration: The Mount Pulaski Courthouse hasn't changed much since
- Lincoln practiced law here more than a hundred years ago.]
-
- [Illustration: In the court and jury room Lincoln argued cases before
- such distinguished judges as David Davis, who became a Justice of the
- United States Supreme Court.]
-
- [Illustration: During those inevitable moments of disturbance when the
- courtroom became unruly, Judge Davis would sound this gavel calling
- for order in the court.]
-
- [Illustration: The Metamora Courthouse, dating from 1845, retains the
- atmosphere of those rugged days when Lincoln and his colleagues came
- here to plead for justice before the bar.]
-
- [Illustration: At Metamora, Lincoln sat at this table. The "skirt" was
- cut away to accommodate his long legs.]
-
- [Illustration: The well-worn courthouse doorstep is evidence of one
- court room visitor's observations: "Court week is a general holiday.
- Not only suitors, jurors and witnesses, but all who can spare the time
- brush up their coats and brush down their horses to go to court."]
-
- [Illustration: An atmosphere of exultation pervaded the Metamora
- courtroom when Lincoln was present. He was the most popular of all the
- barristers who traveled the Eighth Circuit.]
-
- [Illustration: The Old Cass County Courthouse in Beadstown, Illinois,
- was the scene of the "Duff" Armstrong murder trial in which Lincoln
- defended the son of "Aunt Hanna" Armstrong, who had befriended him
- when he lived in New Salem. During the trial Lincoln proved, by
- referring to an almanac, that the moon was not shining brightly at the
- time of the murder. It is said that tears stood in Lincoln's eyes as
- he pleaded for the boy's life and that the hardened pioneer jurymen
- wept with him. Young Armstrong was acquitted.]
-
- [Illustration: The courtroom.]
-
- [Illustration: On the evening of July 29, 1858, Lincoln, Republican
- Candidate for the United States Senate and the incumbent Democratic
- Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, were guests at the Bryant Home. It was
- here that the two politicians agreed to their seven debates.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln occupied the chair below during the evening's
- discussion.]
-
- [Illustration: On this table Douglas wrote a letter to Lincoln
- confirming the schedule for seven debates.]
-
- [Illustration: This memorial to the Lincoln-Douglas debates, at
- Quincy, Illinois, stands as a symbol of Lincoln's moral and spiritual
- convictions. They enabled him to match wits with Stephen A. Douglas,
- who was blind to the evils of slavery and deaf and dumb to those who
- expressed a desire to abolish it.]
-
- [Illustration: Lincoln had crossed the threshold of his greatest
- ambition when he and his family became frequent visitors to the
- Governor's Mansion, where they mingled with the elite both politically
- and socially. Lincoln's name had been mentioned in the press as a
- possible candidate for the Presidency.]
-
- [Illustration: "The Rail Splitter." Lincoln acquired this nickname
- during the 1860 convention in Chicago, where he became known as "The
- Rail Splitter" candidate for President of the United States.]
-
- [Illustration: It was to this house, Lincoln's Springfield residence,
- that the appointed committee came on May 19, 1860 to notify "The Rail
- Splitter" candidate of his nomination for the Presidency.]
-
- [Illustration: One of the committeemen rang the front doorbell, which
- has announced visitors to the Lincoln house for more than a hundred
- years.]
-
- [Illustration: "The Rail Splitter" himself opened the front door and
- welcomed the committee into the entrance hall, where both the humble
- and the great had always been welcome visitors.]
-
- [Illustration: It was in the north parlor that the committee
- spokesman, George Ashmun, delivered to Lincoln the letter which
- confirmed his nomination, a copy of the Republican platform and a
- short congratulatory speech. "The Rail Splitter" candidate stood tall
- and dignified, a grave expression on his rugged countenance.]
-
- [Illustration: The committee was introduced to Mrs. Lincoln in the
- south parlor, where she served refreshments and water. Later "The Rail
- Splitter" opined that the water seemed a sufficient stimulant.]
-
- [Illustration: Mr. Lincoln's favorite rocker.]
-
- [Illustration: Mrs. Lincoln's sewing rocker.]
-
- [Illustration: When Mrs. Lincoln was entertaining friends, "Honest
- Abe" often retired to the kitchen where he stretched out on the floor
- to read a book or newspaper.]
-
- [Illustration: It was a cold January day when Lincoln journeyed from
- Springfield to this quaint little house near Charleston, Illinois, to
- visit for the last time with his beloved stepmother, before leaving
- for Washington and his inauguration.]
-
- [Illustration: While sitting before the glowing fireplace, Lincoln and
- his stepmother must have reminisced about those formidable days in the
- forests of Indiana and the first few years on the prairies of
- Illinois.]
-
- [Illustration: "How slowly, and yet by happily prepared steps, he came
- to his place," said Emerson. This statue is in Chicago's Lincoln Park.]
-
- [Illustration: At the dedication of the memorial and tomb to the Great
- Emancipator in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, Governor
- Richard Oglesby spoke these words: "And now under the gracious favor
- of Almighty God, I dedicate this monument to the memory of the obscure
- boy, the honest man, the illustrious statesman, the great liberator,
- and the martyr President Abraham Lincoln, and to the keeping of Time."]
-
-
-
-
- The LINCOLN COUNTRY:
- IN PICTURES
- _by Carl and Rosalie Frazier_
-
-
-Perhaps no man in American history has been viewed with such respect and
-reverence by the American people as has Abraham Lincoln. School children
-and scholars alike have been moved by the humanity of his deeply lined
-face, have marveled at his rise from poverty to the Presidency, have
-sorrowed anew at the tragedy of his death, have read his words and been
-unable to erase them from their memory. If there is one historic person
-most of us would like to know, it is Abraham Lincoln.
-
-Here--in these pages which recreate the world Lincoln knew as a child
-and a young man--the reader can come close to Lincoln. In these fine
-photographs, which carefully depict the familiar, everyday scenes of
-young Abe's manhood, he can see Lincoln's world as Lincoln saw it. As
-the authors say: "It was from this frontier atmosphere and these
-frontier people that Lincoln acquired his uncanny understanding of how
-common folk think and the wisdom that enabled him to hold in his hands
-the ties that bound a people and made a nation."
-
-It is this atmosphere that the authors have captured in over 100
-photographs, and it is the rhythm of frontier life that they have caught
-in the factual simplicity of the text. Here is the farm in Kentucky
-where Lincoln was born; here are reconstructed the smithy, the tavern,
-the houses of New Salem, Illinois where Lincoln was a clerk, where he
-studied law, where he was elected to the state legislature. Here is the
-Springfield that Lincoln knew when he was first elected to Congress, the
-town where his sons were born, where in 1860 he learned that he was a
-candidate for the Presidency. This is Lincoln's country. As the reader
-follows Lincoln through the pages of this book, he will feel suddenly
-close to the man who left such an indelible imprint on the history of
-this nation--and upon its people.
-
-
-CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER live in Chicago, Illinois where they pursue
-their professions as artists and photographers. Their knowledge of
-Abraham Lincoln comes from their considerable and extensive research
-into Lincoln's life and their many pilgrimages to those places where he
-lived in Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois.
-
-The Fraziers became interested in trying to capture through the lenses
-of their cameras that certain something which attracts visitors by the
-thousands to the Lincoln shrines every year. They hope this picture book
-will preserve, or at least refresh the memories of these observant
-visitors, and bring to those who may never have this opportunity a
-better mental picture of this benevolent man's environment.
-
-
- HASTINGS HOUSE PUBLISHERS
- _New York 22_
-
- [Illustration: The Rutledge Tavern where Abraham Lincoln often stayed.
- The well-worn ladder leads to his bed in the loft.]
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber's Notes
-
-
---Copyright notice provided as in the original--this e-text is public
- domain in the country of publication.
-
---Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and
- dialect unchanged.
-
---Moved some captions closer to the corresponding pictures.
-
---In the text versions, delimited italicized text by _underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
-
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Lincoln Country in Pictures
-
-Author: Carl Frazier
- Rosalie Frazier
-
-Release Date: December 20, 2017 [EBook #56210]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-
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-
-
-</pre>
-
-<div id="cover" class="img">
-<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Lincoln Country in Pictures" width="500" height="687" />
-</div>
-<p class="caption">The Isaac Golliher house.</p>
-<div class="img" id="fig1">
-<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="Split-rail fence." width="713" height="1000" />
-</div>
-<div class="box">
-<h1><i>The</i> LINCOLN
-<br />COUNTRY
-<br /><i>in Pictures</i></h1>
-<p class="center">By CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER</p>
-<div class="img" id="fig2">
-<img src="images/p02a.jpg" alt="Ox-drawn wagon." width="800" height="644" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">HASTINGS HOUSE<span class="hst"> <i>Publishers</i></span> <span class="hst">New York 22</span></p>
-</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig3">
-<img src="images/p02b.jpg" alt="" width="670" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The story of Abraham Lincoln is ever fresh. It appeals to the imagination and
-grips the vision of many people in various ways. Perhaps that is why millions of
-visitors make pilgrimages to the humble abodes in which he lived and the places
-he frequented.
-<span class="lr"><i>Photograph Courtesy Chicago Historical Society.</i></span></p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig4">
-<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="544" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">&ldquo;Every man is said to have his peculiar ambition. Whether it be true or not, I
-can say for one that I have no other so great as that of being truly esteemed by
-my fellow men, rendering myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall succeed
-in gratifying this ambition, is yet to be developed.&rdquo;
-<span class="lr">&mdash;<i>Address to Sangamon County, March 9, 1832.</i></span></p>
-</div></div>
-<p class="center">Copyright &copy; 1963, by Carl and Rosalie Frazier</p>
-<p class="center">All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced
-<br />without written permission of the publisher.</p>
-<p class="center">Published simultaneously in Canada
-<br />by S. J. Reginald Saunders, Publishers, Toronto 2B</p>
-<p class="center">Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-19173</p>
-<p class="center"><i>Printed in the United States of America</i></p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div>
-<h2 id="c1">FOREWORD</h2>
-<p>We know it is no longer possible to add anything new to the written word
-about Lincoln. The hundreds of historians who have attempted to write
-the life of the Great Emancipator have covered every facet of it. Therefore, we
-have chosen to present our story of a by-gone day in a series of camera impressions,
-hoping to arouse in our readers an emotional sense of &ldquo;present being.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>We have done this for two reasons: first, because Lincoln&rsquo;s early frontier
-has achieved a factual and imaginative rebirth through loving care and painstaking
-efforts after having fallen into ruin for many years. Secondly, we believe
-as many historians do, that America owes much of the credit for its national
-character and institutions to the atmosphere of the early frontier. It was the
-appreciation of the role it played on the character of Lincoln that brought about
-the restoration of New Salem, Illinois, and those objects which were so closely
-associated with him. These objects are of special interest because it was among
-them that he moved slowly forward through a cycle of failures and successes
-before reaching the high place which destiny had reserved for him. No man in
-American history has started with so little and achieved so much.</p>
-<p>With a certain temerity then, we present our pictorial history of the environment
-in which Lincoln spent the most formative years of his life. It was from
-this frontier atmosphere and these frontier people that Lincoln acquired his uncanny
-understanding of how common folk think and the wisdom that enabled
-him to hold in his hands the ties that bound a people and made a nation.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div>
-<h2 id="c2"><i>A Brief Chronology of Abraham Lincoln</i></h2>
-<table class="center" summary="">
-<tr><td class="l">Feb. 12, 1809 </td><td class="l">Born on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">1811 to 1816 </td><td class="l">The family, which included Abe&rsquo;s sister, Sarah, lived on Knob Creek near Hodgenville, Kentucky.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 1816 </td><td class="l">The family moved to Pigeon Creek in Indiana.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Oct. 5, 1818 </td><td class="l">Abe&rsquo;s mother died of &ldquo;milk sickness.&rdquo;</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Dec. 2, 1819 </td><td class="l">Thomas Lincoln married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow with three children, from Elizabethtown, Kentucky.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Jan. 20, 1828 </td><td class="l">Sister Sarah died.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 1830 </td><td class="l">The Lincoln family moved from Indiana to Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Apr. 19, 1831 </td><td class="l">Offut&rsquo;s flatboat piloted by Lincoln got stuck on the dam at New Salem, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 9, 1832 </td><td class="l">Announced candidacy for the Illinois Legislature.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">May 8, 1832 </td><td class="l">Mustered into U.S. Army for service in Black Hawk War.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">July 16, 1832 </td><td class="l">Mustered out of military service.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 6, 1832 </td><td class="l">Defeated for the Legislature.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">May 7, 1833 </td><td class="l">Appointed postmaster at New Salem, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 4, 1834 </td><td class="l">Elected to the Legislature.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 24, 1836 </td><td class="l">Sworn in as a lawyer of the Circuit Court of Sangamon County.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 1, 1836 </td><td class="l">Reelected to the Legislature for a second term.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Sept. 9, 1836 </td><td class="l">Licensed to practice law.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 1, 1837 </td><td class="l">Admitted to the bar in Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 15, 1837 </td><td class="l">Moved from New Salem to Springfield, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 1, 1838 </td><td class="l">Reelected to the Legislature for a third term.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Dec. 3, 1839 </td><td class="l">Admitted to practice law in the Circuit Court of the United States.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 1, 1840 </td><td class="l">Reelected to the Legislature for a fourth term.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 4, 1842 </td><td class="l">Married Mary Todd of Lexington, Kentucky.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 1, 1843 </td><td class="l">First child, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born.</td></tr>
-<tr class="pbtr"><td colspan="2">
-</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Jan. 7, 1844 </td><td class="l">Bought home in Springfield.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 10, 1846 </td><td class="l">Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, was born.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 3, 1846 </td><td class="l">Elected to Congress.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Dec. 6, 1847 </td><td class="l">Took seat in Congress.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 7, 1849 </td><td class="l">Admitted to practice law before United States Supreme Court.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Feb. 1, 1850 </td><td class="l">Second child, Edward Baker Lincoln, died.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Dec. 21, 1850 </td><td class="l">Third child, William Wallace Lincoln, was born.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Jan. 17, 1851 </td><td class="l">Lincoln&rsquo;s father, Thomas, died.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Apr. 4, 1853 </td><td class="l">Fourth child, Thomas &ldquo;Tad&rdquo; Lincoln, was born.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">June 16, 1858 </td><td class="l">Delivered &ldquo;house divided&rdquo; speech at Springfield.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 21, 1858 </td><td class="l">First debate, with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Aug. 27, 1858 </td><td class="l">Second debate, at Freeport, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Sept. 15, 1858 </td><td class="l">Third debate, at Jonesboro, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Sept. 18, 1858 </td><td class="l">Fourth debate, at Charleston, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Oct. 7, 1858 </td><td class="l">Fifth debate, at Galesburg, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Oct. 13, 1858 </td><td class="l">Sixth debate, at Quincy, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Oct. 15, 1858 </td><td class="l">Seventh and last debate, at Alton, Illinois.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 2, 1858 </td><td class="l">Defeated by Douglas for the United States Senate.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 5, 1858 </td><td class="l">First mentioned in press for President.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">May 18, 1860 </td><td class="l">Nominated for the Presidency.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 6, 1860 </td><td class="l">Elected President.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Jan. 31, 1861 </td><td class="l">Visited for the last time with his stepmother.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 4, 1861 </td><td class="l">Inaugurated as President.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Nov. 8, 1864 </td><td class="l">Reelected as President.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Mar. 4, 1865 </td><td class="l">Reinaugurated as President.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Apr. 14, 1865 </td><td class="l">Shot by Booth.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">Apr. 15, 1865 </td><td class="l">Died in Washington.</td></tr>
-<tr><td class="l">May 4, 1865 </td><td class="l">Buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois.</td></tr>
-</table>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig5">
-<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was from the faithful Sinking Spring, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, that the
-farm of Lincoln&rsquo;s nativity got its name.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig6">
-<img src="images/p04a.jpg" alt="" width="633" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The branches of the Boundary Oak, a landmark for early frontiersmen, still
-shelter the hallowed birthplace of the man who went to school for perhaps a
-year, split rails in frontier clearings, traveled the Eighth Circuit as a lawyer,
-became President of the United States, freed the slaves, spoke the First and Second
-Inaugurals and the Gettysburg Address.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig7">
-<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="672" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">On February 12, 1809, a blizzard raged at Sinking Spring Farm, near Hodgenville,
-Kentucky. The wind howled down the chimney and through the cracks of
-the humble log cabin in which Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy
-Lincoln. The proud parents named the boy Abraham after his grandfather.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig8">
-<img src="images/p05a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="785" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">When Abe was two years old, his father moved the family to Knob Creek Farm
-where they lived until Abe was seven. The cabin lay nestled in a valley surrounded
-by rolling hills and deep gorges. Here Abe played with his friend,
-Austin Gollaher, gathered firewood from the forest, wild berries from the vales,
-and for a short time attended Mrs. Hodgen&rsquo;s &ldquo;blab&rdquo; school. Thomas Lincoln
-decided to move his family across the Ohio River to live on Pigeon Creek in
-Indiana where the soil was richer and there were no slaves.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig9">
-<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="692" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Lincoln&rsquo;s erected a new log cabin on Pigeon Creek in Indiana. For the next
-fourteen years they struggled with the almost impossible odds of a bitter and
-treacherous wilderness. It was here that Abe&rsquo;s mother died, and he helped his
-father lay her to rest in the forest.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig10">
-<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="" width="632" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In the little Log Schoolhouse near Pigeon Creek, in Indiana, Abe managed to
-get a few scattered weeks of sporadic schooling in readin&rsquo; writin&rsquo; and cipherin&rsquo;
-to the rule of three.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig11">
-<img src="images/p07a.jpg" alt="" width="633" height="801" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Abe did his homework by the light of the smouldering fireplace. He would
-scrape his charcoal cipherin&rsquo; from wooden boards so as to use them over and
-over again.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig12">
-<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="" width="607" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Lincoln family often attended services in the little Baptist Church that Abe
-helped his father to build, near Pigeon Creek, in Indiana.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_17">17</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig13">
-<img src="images/p08a.jpg" alt="" width="645" height="799" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">This was the home of Josiah Crawford, a neighboring farmer, where Abe alternated
-working and learning. Mr. Crawford had several books which he lent Abe.
-When plowing, Abe read at the end of each furrow while he stopped to allow
-his horse to &ldquo;breathe.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_18">18</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig14">
-<img src="images/p09.jpg" alt="" width="693" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In Gentryville, not far from Pigeon Creek, Mr. Gentry, a farmer and storekeeper
-lived in this two-story log mansion. At times, when his father didn&rsquo;t need his
-help, Abe worked in Mr. Gentry&rsquo;s store and on the farm. He helped Allen, Mr.
-Gentry&rsquo;s son, build a flatboat, load it with store produce and float it down the
-Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig15">
-<img src="images/p09a.jpg" alt="" width="678" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was early spring of 1830 when the Lincoln&rsquo;s made the long dismal journey
-from Indiana to the promising prairies of Illinois. Their stout wagons were piled
-high with rough-hewn furniture, feather beds, personal belongings, iron pots
-and pans. There were plows for breaking the &ldquo;prairie&rsquo;s sleeping sod&rdquo; and tools
-for building a new log cabin.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_20">20</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig16">
-<img src="images/p10.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="693" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">This rustic abode was the last home of Thomas and Sarah Lincoln. Abe, who
-was now past twenty-one, had left his parents to seek his fortune on the bustling
-Illinois frontier.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_22">22</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig17">
-<img src="images/p11.jpg" alt="" width="595" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Timber lined the river&rsquo;s banks and crowned the rolling hills.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_23">23</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig18">
-<img src="images/p11a.jpg" alt="Historical marker." width="568" height="800" />
-</div>
-<h3 id="c3">NEW SALEM</h3>
-<p>In the fall of 1828, James Rutledge and John Camron
-erected homes on this hill. The following year
-they built a grist and sawmill on the Sangamon River
-just below the hill, laid out the town of New Salem
-and began to sell lots. The mill became so popular that the
-town grew rapidly and flourished for several years although
-it never included more than one hundred inhabitants. With
-the founding and growth of Petersburg, two miles to the north
-and more accessibly located, its decline began. When the seat
-of the new County of Menard was located at Petersburg in
-1839, New Salem quickly passed out of existence.</p>
-<p>Abraham Lincoln resided at New Salem from the
-summer of 1831 until the spring of 1837, supporting himself
-successively as clerk and mill hand, soldier in the Black Hawk
-War, storekeeper, postmaster and deputy surveyor. In 1832 he
-entered politics. Although defeated in his first campaign for
-the Legislature, he was elected a member of the House of
-Representatives in 1834 and again in 1836. Throughout his
-residence at New Salem, Lincoln strove to perfect his education,
-studying grammar, mathematics, and finally law. Upon his
-admission to the bar in March 1837, he sought greater opportunities
-than New Salem offered, and so removed to Springfield.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig19">
-<img src="images/p12.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="696" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was on a pleasant April day that the flat-bottomed boat, loaded with barrel
-pork, corn and live pigs, and piloted by young Abe Lincoln, rounded a bend in
-the Sangamon River and came to rest on top of the miller&rsquo;s dam that stretched
-out across the river. The bow of the boat was raised high into the air. The
-squeals of the frightened pigs brought the citizens of New Salem hurrying down
-the bluff to the river bank.</p>
-<p class="capbody">This was Lincoln&rsquo;s introduction to the people of New Salem. Denton Offut, a
-swaggering, boastful, hard-drinking frontiersman, was owner of the boat. He
-became so impressed with the thriving little village that he decided to return
-after the voyage to New Orleans, and open a store with Lincoln as his clerk.
-The new store was opened the following September.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_26">26</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig20">
-<img src="images/p13.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="692" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln helped fell the trees from which Offut&rsquo;s one-room log store was erected.
-It stands on the bluff that leads down to the grist mill and the river bank. It
-was the usual type of frontier store, stocked with produce from the prairie farms
-or objects made at home.</p>
-<p class="capbody">It was while working for Offut that Lincoln decided to improve his education.
-In fair weather, when there were no customers about, Lincoln could be seen
-lounging on the porch studying or talking with friends about slavery, crops,
-politics, cockfighting, horse racing or just telling stories to listening loafers.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_28">28</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig21">
-<img src="images/p14.jpg" alt="" width="617" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">At the top of the bluff, among the tall oak trees, stood the cabin of Rowen
-Herndon. Lincoln boarded here because it was near the store.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_29">29</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig22">
-<img src="images/p14a.jpg" alt="" width="656" height="799" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Bill Cleary&rsquo;s saloon stood a short distance down the bluff from Offut&rsquo;s store. It
-was the hangout for Jack Armstrong, who challenged Lincoln to a wrestling
-match. Even though the match ended in a draw, it gave Lincoln the reputation
-for courage and strength that convinced his associates that he &ldquo;belonged.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_30">30</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig23">
-<img src="images/p15.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="694" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">New Salem was a trading post for the farmers who cultivated farms on the surrounding
-prairies. On Main Street there was a cobbler, a hatter, a cooper, a
-blacksmith and wagon builder, a wheelwright and several merchants.</p>
-<p class="capbody">These tradesmen had come to New Salem to help fill the needs felt by everyone.
-At the height of its prosperity, New Salem had a population of a hundred citizens
-and some twenty-five or thirty buildings.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig24">
-<img src="images/p16.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="706" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The buildings were made of logs, notched
-together at the corners and chinked with native clay.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig25">
-<img src="images/p16a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="679" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Roofs were pitched and covered with
-clapboard shingles called &ldquo;shakes.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_33">33</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig26">
-<img src="images/p16b.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="669" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Better homes in New Salem had chimneys
-made of stone.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig27">
-<img src="images/p16c.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="702" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Most homes had &ldquo;cat and clay&rdquo; chimneys,
-made of logs and chinked with native clay. On cold windy
-days members of the household were kept busy running outside
-to see whether or not the chimney had caught fire.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_34">34</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig28">
-<img src="images/p17.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="681" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">New Salem homes
-had window panes
-made of glass.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig29">
-<img src="images/p17a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="683" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Windows were usually
-near the fireplace
-where family activity
-was carried on.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_35">35</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig30">
-<img src="images/p17b.jpg" alt="" width="656" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Over an open fire, in iron pots, frying pans and skillets, housewives cooked
-venison stew, roasted pork and wild game, fried mush, baked corn bread and
-corn dodgers to a golden brown and often hard enough &ldquo;to split a board or fell
-a deer at forty feet.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_36">36</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig31">
-<img src="images/p18.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="597" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Sturdy trestle tables
-served the pioneer
-family well.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig32">
-<img src="images/p18a.jpg" alt="" width="598" height="588" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Pioneer women were
-especially proud of
-their chinaware.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_37">37</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig33">
-<img src="images/p18b.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="691" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">A Seth Thomas clock
-adorned the mantles
-of those who were
-able to afford a touch
-of elegance.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig34">
-<img src="images/p18c.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="685" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Housewives spun the
-wool from which
-they made garments
-often stiff and too
-large, but suitable as
-garments to protect
-the family from the
-elements.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_38">38</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig35">
-<img src="images/p19.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="587" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Beds were dressed
-with home-woven
-coverlets.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig36">
-<img src="images/p19a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="589" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Babies came in annual
-crops.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_39">39</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig37">
-<img src="images/p19b.jpg" alt="" width="678" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Of the humble one-room log house the cooper&rsquo;s son wrote: &ldquo;At meal time it was
-all kitchen. On rainy days, when neighbors came to relate their exploits, how
-many deer and wild turkey they had killed, it was all sitting room. On Sunday,
-when the young men all dressed up in their jeans, and the young ladies, in their
-best bow dresses, it was all parlor. At night it was all bedroom.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_40">40</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig38">
-<img src="images/p20.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="702" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Outside, wood stacked
-high during the summer,
-dwindled rapidly
-as the winter passed.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig39">
-<img src="images/p20a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="712" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">From the ash hoppers,
-found in every
-backyard, lye was
-leeched for use in
-making soap.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_41">41</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig40">
-<img src="images/p20b.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="713" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Wells with windlass
-ropes and wooden
-buckets supplied the
-household with needed
-water.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig41">
-<img src="images/p20c.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="716" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Rain barrels caught
-the &ldquo;soft&rdquo; water that
-dripped from the
-eaves. This water was
-used for the family
-washing.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_42">42</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig42">
-<img src="images/p21.jpg" alt="" width="667" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Samuel Hill, New Salem&rsquo;s most prosperous businessman, owned the only four-room,
-two-story house in the village.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_43">43</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig43">
-<img src="images/p21a.jpg" alt="" width="664" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The opulence reflected in the Hill residence was not common to the homes of
-New Salem.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_44">44</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig44">
-<img src="images/p22.jpg" alt="" width="643" height="801" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Samuel Hill was also owner of the woolhouse and carding machine. In spring,
-during wool shearing time, farmers brought their wool to the warehouse in
-sacks, old bed quilts and petticoats, pinned with thorns from the honey locust.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_45">45</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig45">
-<img src="images/p22a.jpg" alt="" width="633" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The carding machine in action was New Salem&rsquo;s most dramatic attraction. From
-dawn until darkness the weary treading of oxen hoofs on the cleated treadmill
-powered the squeaking, moaning, wooden gears of the carding machine.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_46">46</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig46">
-<img src="images/p23.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Samuel Hill and John McNeal owned the most successful store in New Salem.
-It was the center of village life. Under its protective porch people gathered to
-argue the questions of temperance, travel and human slavery.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_47">47</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig47">
-<img src="images/p23a.jpg" alt="" width="642" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Doctor John Allen lived across the road from the Hill-McNeal store. Unconvinced
-of the virtue of quinine for treating malaria fever, the doctor kept to such
-old remedies as Peruvian bark, jalop, calomel and boneset tea.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_48">48</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig48">
-<img src="images/p24.jpg" alt="" width="633" height="801" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Peter Lukin, the cobbler, lived next door to Doctor Allen. The cobbler shop was
-in the small lean-to. As winter approached the cobbler converted piles of animal
-hides into shoes for the community.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_49">49</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig49">
-<img src="images/p24a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="609" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Residence and office
-of Doctor Francis
-Regnier, Allen&rsquo;s capable
-colleague, who
-purged, bled, blistered,
-puked, and salivated
-his patients.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig50">
-<img src="images/p24b.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="683" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Doctor&rsquo;s medical
-laboratory and reference
-library.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_50">50</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig51">
-<img src="images/p25.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="503" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">This was the home and workshop of Martin Waddell, the village hatter. He
-made hats from opossum, raccoon and rabbit skins. A rabbitskin hat cost fifty
-cents. A hat made from an opossum or raccoon skin, with the tail hanging down
-in the back, cost two dollars.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig52">
-<img src="images/p25a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="496" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In this kettle Waddell
-prepared the
-skins from which he
-made the hats.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_51">51</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig53">
-<img src="images/p25b.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="529" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Residence of Isaac Burner. Very little is known about the Burner family.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig54">
-<img src="images/p25c.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="430" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">A familiar sight on Main Street, New Salem.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_52">52</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig55">
-<img src="images/p26.jpg" alt="" width="788" height="1000" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In the small lean-to in the rear of his cabin, Robert Johnson, the wheelwright
-and cabinetmaker, painstakingly made spinning wheels, wagon wheels, looms,
-and sturdy furniture for the community.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_53">53</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig56">
-<img src="images/p26a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Residence of Isaac Golliher, who had the only root cellar in the village.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_54">54</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig57">
-<img src="images/p27.jpg" alt="" width="665" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">For three years Lincoln was postmaster at New Salem. In this position he became
-well-acquainted with people for miles around. It was here he began his
-lifelong habit of reading newspapers, through which, in part, he learned to
-interpret public opinion. To supplement his earnings as postmaster he did odd
-jobs, such as clerking in Hill&rsquo;s store, helping out at the mill or splitting rails.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_55">55</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig58">
-<img src="images/p27a.jpg" alt="" width="630" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">This was the home of Alexander Trent. When Lincoln became postmaster he
-was required to furnish bond of five hundred dollars. Alexander Trent was one
-of his bondsmen.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_56">56</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig59">
-<img src="images/p28.jpg" alt="" width="727" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Henry Onstat&rsquo;s cabin and the cooperage where he made barrels so much in demand
-by the community of New Salem.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_57">57</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig60">
-<img src="images/p28a.jpg" alt="" width="671" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The cooperage was a busy place. There was always a great pile of shavings in
-the fireplace. Lincoln often came to the cooperage at night and by the glow of
-the burning shavings he studied mathematics, literature and law.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_58">58</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig61">
-<img src="images/p29.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Across the road from the cooperage stood the double cabin of Jack Kelso, philosopher
-and fisherman, and his brother-in-law, Joshua Miller, the powerful village
-blacksmith.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_59">59</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig62">
-<img src="images/p29a.jpg" alt="" width="646" height="796" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln was a frequent visitor to the Kelso cabin; he and Jack often sat around
-the table and by the cheerful glow of the fireplace, read and discussed Shakespeare,
-Blackstone and Burns. It was Jack Kelso who introduced Lincoln to the
-classics of literature.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_60">60</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig63">
-<img src="images/p30.jpg" alt="" width="648" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Joshua Miller&rsquo;s blacksmith shop was the busiest place in town. The ring of his
-anvil was heard from morning until night throughout the village as he shaped
-metal into oxen shoes, horseshoes and farm implements.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_61">61</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig64">
-<img src="images/p30a.jpg" alt="" width="661" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln, seeking an occupation that would afford him a better living than odd
-jobs, considered becoming a blacksmith. For a time his strong arms grappled
-with the chore, but he preferred lighter work which allowed him more time for
-studying. He also had thoughts of becoming a merchant.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_62">62</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig65">
-<img src="images/p31.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="694" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The limbs of the great oak tree still cast their shadows across the Lincoln-Berry
-store. In fair weather, when housewives were busy and sales were restricted to
-an occasional pound of sugar or a piece of beeswax, Lincoln, barefoot, lay
-stretched out under the oak tree, lost in a book.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_64">64</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig66">
-<img src="images/p32.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="491" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Rutledge Tavern, where Lincoln courted Ann Rutledge, stood across the
-road from the Lincoln-Berry store. While waiting on a customer, or studying
-under the oak tree, he often paused to watch her as she moved about the yard of
-the tavern.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig67">
-<img src="images/p32a.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="682" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">A burning candle in
-the tavern window
-welcomed whatever
-wayfarer might be
-seeking food and
-lodging.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_65">65</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig68">
-<img src="images/p32b.jpg" alt="" width="639" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The tavern was a pleasant and comfortable place. Every day brought new guests
-to the dining room. For a time Lincoln lived at the tavern; his wit and tall tales
-often made him the center of interest.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_66">66</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig69">
-<img src="images/p33.jpg" alt="" width="642" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">While residing at the tavern, Lincoln climbed the rungs of a well-worn ladder to
-the loft, where he shared a bed with E. Y. Ellis, who says that Lincoln&rsquo;s wit and
-stories often kept the other male guests in an uproar until late at night.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_67">67</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig70">
-<img src="images/p33a.jpg" alt="" width="625" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The west room of the tavern accommodated the Rutledge family and now and
-then an overnight lady guest.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_68">68</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig71">
-<img src="images/p34.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">On Sunday evenings the Rutledge family and friends gathered before the fireplace
-to listen to a sermon and to sing hymns. Lincoln stood near Ann and
-turned the pages of her <i>Missouri Harmony Song Book</i>.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_69">69</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig72">
-<img src="images/p34a.jpg" alt="" width="669" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The betrothal of Ann Rutledge and Lincoln ended with her untimely death.
-Ann&rsquo;s brother said: &ldquo;The effect upon Mr. Lincoln&rsquo;s mind was terrible. He became
-plunged in despair, and many of his friends feared reason would desert her
-throne. His extraordinary emotions were regarded as strong evidence of the
-existence of the tenderest relations between himself and the deceased.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_70">70</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig73">
-<img src="images/p35.jpg" alt="" width="675" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln, the ardent student, could be found pursuing his studies in the most
-unusual places. Squire Godbey, seeing him stretched out on a pile of wood, inquired:
-&ldquo;What are you reading Abe?&rdquo; Lincoln replied: &ldquo;I am not reading. I am
-studying Law.&rdquo; &ldquo;Law? Good God A&rsquo;mighty!&rdquo; exclaimed the surprised squire as
-he walked away.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_71">71</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig74">
-<img src="images/p35a.jpg" alt="" width="673" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The little subscription schoolhouse stands a half mile south of the village near
-Purkapile &ldquo;crick.&rdquo; Schoolmaster Mentor Graham was a constant stimulus to
-Lincoln and always ready to help and encourage him. After the day&rsquo;s routine
-had ended Lincoln often came to the school so that the master might evaluate
-his progress.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_72">72</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig75">
-<img src="images/p36.jpg" alt="" width="645" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In 1834, Lincoln&rsquo;s quest for knowledge and esteem was rewarded. The citizens
-of Sangamon County sent the novice lawmaker to the State Capitol at Vandalia,
-to take his seat in the Ninth General Assembly of the Legislature of Illinois.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_73">73</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig76">
-<img src="images/p36a.jpg" alt="" width="683" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In the Assembly, Lincoln said little, but observed closely and learned much. He
-was among men of affairs, education and political experience. He became floor
-leader of the Whigs and an esteemed member of a political group known as the
-&ldquo;Long Nine&rdquo; who were successful in having the State Capitol moved from
-Vandalia to Springfield.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_74">74</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig77">
-<img src="images/p37.jpg" alt="" width="638" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In March of 1837, after having been admitted to the bar in Illinois, Lincoln
-moved from New Salem to Springfield. For the next twenty-five years the first
-State Capitol Building in Springfield became the center of his many activities.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_75">75</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig78">
-<img src="images/p37a.jpg" alt="" width="671" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Postville Courthouse was on the &ldquo;Old Eighth Circuit.&rdquo; In Lincoln&rsquo;s day
-judges and lawyers rode horseback from one county courthouse to another, so as
-to make a living by representing the litigants in the suits to be heard. This was
-known as &ldquo;riding the circuit.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_76">76</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig79">
-<img src="images/p38.jpg" alt="" width="613" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Mount Pulaski Courthouse hasn&rsquo;t changed much since Lincoln practiced
-law here more than a hundred years ago.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_77">77</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig80">
-<img src="images/p38a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="564" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">In the court and jury room Lincoln argued cases before such distinguished judges
-as David Davis, who became a Justice of the United States Supreme Court.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig81">
-<img src="images/p38b.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="546" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">During those inevitable moments of disturbance when the
-courtroom became unruly, Judge Davis would sound this gavel calling for order
-in the court.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_78">78</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig82">
-<img src="images/p39.jpg" alt="" width="634" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Metamora Courthouse, dating from 1845, retains the atmosphere of those
-rugged days when Lincoln and his colleagues came here to plead for justice before
-the bar.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_79">79</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig83">
-<img src="images/p39a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="607" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">At Metamora, Lincoln
-sat at this table.
-The &ldquo;skirt&rdquo; was cut
-away to accommodate
-his long legs.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig84">
-<img src="images/p39b.jpg" alt="" width="602" height="600" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The well-worn courthouse
-doorstep is evidence
-of one court
-room visitor&rsquo;s observations:
-&ldquo;Court week
-is a general holiday.
-Not only suitors, jurors
-and witnesses, but
-all who can spare the
-time brush up their
-coats and brush down
-their horses to go to
-court.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_80">80</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig85">
-<img src="images/p40.jpg" alt="" width="629" height="799" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">An atmosphere of exultation pervaded the Metamora courtroom when Lincoln
-was present. He was the most popular of all the barristers who traveled the
-Eighth Circuit.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_81">81</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig86">
-<img src="images/p40a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="453" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Old Cass County Courthouse in Beadstown, Illinois, was the scene of the
-&ldquo;Duff&rdquo; Armstrong murder trial in which Lincoln defended the son of &ldquo;Aunt
-Hanna&rdquo; Armstrong, who had befriended him when he lived in New Salem.
-During the trial Lincoln proved, by referring to an almanac, that the moon was
-not shining brightly at the time of the murder. It is said that tears stood in
-Lincoln&rsquo;s eyes as he pleaded for the boy&rsquo;s life and that the hardened pioneer
-jurymen wept with him. Young Armstrong was acquitted.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig87">
-<img src="images/p40b.jpg" alt="The courtroom." width="700" height="366" />
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_82">82</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig88">
-<img src="images/p41.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="517" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">On the evening of July 29, 1858, Lincoln, Republican Candidate for the United
-States Senate and the incumbent Democratic Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, were
-guests at the Bryant Home. It was here that the two politicians agreed to their
-seven debates.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig89">
-<img src="images/p41a.jpg" alt="" width="612" height="700" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln occupied the chair below during the evening&rsquo;s discussion.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig90">
-<img src="images/p41b.jpg" alt="" width="651" height="700" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">On this table
-Douglas wrote a letter to Lincoln confirming the schedule for seven debates.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_83">83</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig91">
-<img src="images/p41c.jpg" alt="" width="648" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">This memorial to the Lincoln-Douglas debates, at Quincy, Illinois, stands as a
-symbol of Lincoln&rsquo;s moral and spiritual convictions. They enabled him to match
-wits with Stephen A. Douglas, who was blind to the evils of slavery and deaf
-and dumb to those who expressed a desire to abolish it.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_84">84</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig92">
-<img src="images/p42.jpg" alt="" width="652" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Lincoln had crossed the threshold of his greatest ambition when he and his
-family became frequent visitors to the Governor&rsquo;s Mansion, where they mingled
-with the elite both politically and socially. Lincoln&rsquo;s name had been mentioned
-in the press as a possible candidate for the Presidency.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_85">85</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig93">
-<img src="images/p42a.jpg" alt="" width="636" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">&ldquo;The Rail Splitter.&rdquo; Lincoln acquired this nickname during the 1860 convention
-in Chicago, where he became known as &ldquo;The Rail Splitter&rdquo; candidate for President
-of the United States.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_86">86</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig94">
-<img src="images/p43.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="682" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was to this house, Lincoln&rsquo;s Springfield residence, that the appointed committee
-came on May 19, 1860 to notify &ldquo;The Rail Splitter&rdquo; candidate of his nomination
-for the Presidency.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_88">88</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig95">
-<img src="images/p44.jpg" alt="" width="619" height="801" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">One of the committeemen rang the front doorbell, which has announced visitors
-to the Lincoln house for more than a hundred years.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_89">89</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig96">
-<img src="images/p44a.jpg" alt="" width="644" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">&ldquo;The Rail Splitter&rdquo; himself opened the front door and welcomed the committee
-into the entrance hall, where both the humble and the great had always been
-welcome visitors.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_90">90</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig97">
-<img src="images/p45.jpg" alt="" width="668" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was in the north parlor that the committee spokesman, George Ashmun,
-delivered to Lincoln the letter which confirmed his nomination, a copy of the
-Republican platform and a short congratulatory speech. &ldquo;The Rail Splitter&rdquo;
-candidate stood tall and dignified, a grave expression on his rugged countenance.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_91">91</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig98">
-<img src="images/p45a.jpg" alt="" width="641" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The committee was introduced to Mrs. Lincoln in the south parlor, where she
-served refreshments and water. Later &ldquo;The Rail Splitter&rdquo; opined that the water
-seemed a sufficient stimulant.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_92">92</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig99">
-<img src="images/p46.jpg" alt="" width="596" height="595" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Mr. Lincoln&rsquo;s favorite rocker.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig100">
-<img src="images/p46a.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="590" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">Mrs. Lincoln&rsquo;s sewing rocker.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_93">93</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig101">
-<img src="images/p46b.jpg" alt="" width="634" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">When Mrs. Lincoln was entertaining friends, &ldquo;Honest Abe&rdquo; often retired to the
-kitchen where he stretched out on the floor to read a book or newspaper.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_94">94</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig102">
-<img src="images/p47.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="413" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">It was a cold January day when Lincoln journeyed from Springfield to this
-quaint little house near Charleston, Illinois, to visit for the last time
-with his beloved stepmother, before leaving for Washington and his inauguration.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="img" id="fig103">
-<img src="images/p47a.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="522" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">While sitting before the glowing fireplace, Lincoln and his stepmother
-must have reminisced about those formidable days in the forests of Indiana
-and the first few years on the prairies of Illinois.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_95">95</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig104">
-<img src="images/p47b.jpg" alt="" width="621" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">&ldquo;How slowly, and yet by happily prepared steps, he came to his place,&rdquo; said
-Emerson. This statue is in Chicago&rsquo;s Lincoln Park.</p>
-</div></div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_96">96</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig105">
-<img src="images/p48.jpg" alt="" width="706" height="800" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">At the dedication of the memorial and tomb to the Great Emancipator in Oak
-Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, Governor Richard Oglesby spoke these
-words: &ldquo;And now under the gracious favor of Almighty God, I dedicate this
-monument to the memory of the obscure boy, the honest man, the illustrious
-statesman, the great liberator, and the martyr President Abraham Lincoln, and
-to the keeping of Time.&rdquo;</p>
-</div></div>
-<hr />
-<h2 id="c4">The LINCOLN COUNTRY:
-<br /><span class="small">IN PICTURES
-<br /><i>by Carl and Rosalie Frazier</i></span></h2>
-<p>Perhaps no man in American history has
-been viewed with such respect and reverence
-by the American people as has Abraham
-Lincoln. School children and scholars alike
-have been moved by the humanity of his
-deeply lined face, have marveled at his rise
-from poverty to the Presidency, have sorrowed
-anew at the tragedy of his death, have
-read his words and been unable to erase them
-from their memory. If there is one historic
-person most of us would like to know, it is
-Abraham Lincoln.</p>
-<p>Here&mdash;in these pages which recreate the
-world Lincoln knew as a child and a young
-man&mdash;the reader can come close to Lincoln.
-In these fine photographs, which carefully
-depict the familiar, everyday scenes of young
-Abe&rsquo;s manhood, he can see Lincoln&rsquo;s world
-as Lincoln saw it. As the authors say: &ldquo;It
-was from this frontier atmosphere and these
-frontier people that Lincoln acquired his uncanny
-understanding of how common folk
-think and the wisdom that enabled him to
-hold in his hands the ties that bound a people
-and made a nation.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>It is this atmosphere that the authors have
-captured in over 100 photographs, and it is
-the rhythm of frontier life that they have
-caught in the factual simplicity of the text.
-<span class="pb" id="Page_98">98</span>
-Here is the farm in Kentucky where Lincoln
-was born; here are reconstructed the smithy,
-the tavern, the houses of New Salem, Illinois
-where Lincoln was a clerk, where he studied
-law, where he was elected to the state legislature.
-Here is the Springfield that Lincoln
-knew when he was first elected to Congress,
-the town where his sons were born, where
-in 1860 he learned that he was a candidate
-for the Presidency. This is Lincoln&rsquo;s country.
-As the reader follows Lincoln through the
-pages of this book, he will feel suddenly
-close to the man who left such an indelible
-imprint on the history of this nation&mdash;and
-upon its people.</p>
-<p class="tb"><b>CARL and ROSALIE FRAZIER</b> live in
-Chicago, Illinois where they pursue their professions
-as artists and photographers. Their
-knowledge of Abraham Lincoln comes from
-their considerable and extensive research into
-Lincoln&rsquo;s life and their many pilgrimages to
-those places where he lived in Kentucky,
-Indiana and Illinois.</p>
-<p>The Fraziers became interested in trying to
-capture through the lenses of their cameras
-that certain something which attracts visitors
-by the thousands to the Lincoln shrines every
-year. They hope this picture book will preserve,
-or at least refresh the memories of these
-observant visitors, and bring to those who may
-never have this opportunity a better mental
-picture of this benevolent man&rsquo;s environment.</p>
-<p class="tbcenter"><b>HASTINGS HOUSE &#149; PUBLISHERS</b>
-<br /><i>New York 22</i></p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_99">99</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig106">
-<img src="images/p49.jpg" alt="" width="757" height="799" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="caphead">The Rutledge Tavern where Abraham Lincoln often stayed.
-The well-worn ladder leads to his bed in the loft.</p>
-</div></div>
-<h2>Transcriber&rsquo;s Notes</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>Copyright notice provided as in the original&mdash;this e-text is public domain in the country of publication.</li>
-<li>Silently corrected palpable typos; left non-standard spellings and dialect unchanged.</li>
-<li>Moved some captions closer to the corresponding pictures.</li>
-<li>In the text versions, delimited italicized text by _underscores_.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Lincoln Country in Pictures, by
-Carl Frazier and Rosalie Frazier
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LINCOLN COUNTRY IN PICTURES ***
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-***** This file should be named 56210-h.htm or 56210-h.zip *****
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