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diff --git a/old/55799.txt b/old/55799.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7daa924..0000000 --- a/old/55799.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1717 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lassen Trails, by Stephen Halsey Matteson - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Lassen Trails - -Author: Stephen Halsey Matteson - -Illustrator: Dorothy M. Matteson - -Release Date: October 24, 2017 [EBook #55799] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LASSEN TRAILS *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - LASSEN TRAILS - - - By - STEPHEN H. MATTESON - Former Seasonal Naturalist - - Illustrations by Dorothy Matteson - - _A brief guide to the Trails of Lassen Volcanic National Park_ - - [Illustration: National Park Service] - - Copyright 1963 - Loomis Museum Association - Third Printing 1970 - Produced in cooperation with the - National Park Service - - - - - TABLE OF CONTENTS - - - Page - Preface 3 - Introduction 4 - Using the Trails: A Few Tips for Beginners 5 - The Trails: - 1. Forest Lake and Brokeoff Mountain 10 - 2. Mill Creek Falls 12 - 3. Ridge Lakes 13 - 4. Sulphur Works Hot Springs 14 - 5. Bumpass Hell 16 - 6. Bumpass Hell to Cold Boiling Lake and Kings Creek Campground 18 - 7. Lassen Peak 20 - 8. Terrace, Shadow, and Cliff Lakes 22 - 9. Park Road to Summit Lake 23 - 10. Park Road to Hat Lake 24 - 11. Cold Boiling and Crumbaugh Lakes, Conard Meadows, Mill Creek - Falls, and Sulphur Works Campground 25 - 12. Kings Creek Falls 26 - 13. Summit Lake to Echo and Twin Lakes 27 - 14. Summit Lake to Horseshoe Lake via Upper Twin Lake 30 - 15. Summit Lake to Horseshoe Lake via Grassy Swale Creek 32 - 16. Cluster Lakes 33 - 17. Paradise Meadows 34 - 18. Chaos Crags and Crags Lake 36 - 19. Lily Pond 37 - 20. Manzanita Lake 38 - 21. Manzanita Creek 39 - 22. Cinder Cone 40 - 23. Prospect Peak 42 - 24. Bathtub Lake 43 - 25. Butte Lake (North and East Shores) 44 - 26. Widow Lake 45 - 27. Butte Lake to Snag Lake 46 - 28. Horseshoe Lake to Snag Lake 47 - 29. Juniper Lake to Snag Lake 48 - 30. Inspiration Point 50 - 31. Crystal Lake 51 - 32. Mount Harkness 52 - 33. Boiling Springs Lake 54 - 34. Devil's Kitchen 55 - Map of Lassen Volcanic National Park 28-29 - - - - - PREFACE - - -Since most of Lassen Volcanic National Park can best be seen and enjoyed -by walking the trails, this booklet is written to help those who wish to -know more about the park. Much can be observed from the Lassen Park -Road, including some of the best scenery and most interesting geology, -but to become thoroughly acquainted with the park and to appreciate -fully what it has to offer, there is no better way than walking the -trails. - -Thirty-four trails are briefly described in this booklet. Rather than -give a complete description of each trail, an attempt is made to -indicate the highlights of each, giving enough information so that a -hiker can decide which trails will interest him most. - -The author would like to express his thanks and appreciation to a number -of persons who have helped to make this publication possible: To Raymond -L. Nelson, former Chief Park Naturalist, for guidance and sketch maps; -Lester D. Bodine, former Chief Park Ranger; Harold L. Stanley, Robert -Ball, and H. Trickey Lewis, seasonal rangers, for their aid and -information; and to Dorothy Matteson, art department of Chico State -College for the excellent illustrations. - - - - - INTRODUCTION - - -Lassen Volcanic National Park, established on August 9, 1916, and -containing more than 160 square miles, is administered by the National -Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior. - -The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to -conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United -States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. - -Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior--America's Department of -Natural Resources--is concerned with the management, conservation, and -development of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park -and recreation resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian -and Territorial affairs. - -As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to -assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that -park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that -renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, -prosperity, and security of the United States--now and in the future. - - - - - USING THE TRAILS: A FEW TIPS FOR BEGINNERS - - -1. STAY ON THE TRAIL. This is usually a simple matter, but in a few -places animal trails obscure the main trail. On some trails orange -markers are nailed to trees to guide the hiker, and, on others, rock -cairns mark the way. - -2. AVOID SHORT CUTS. In the long run, they are not short cuts, as they -use up more energy and are more tiring than the somewhat longer trail. -They are often dangerous to the person using them and, also, dislodged -rocks may injure hikers below. In addition, they always damage the trail -by filling it with debris and by accelerating erosion. - -3. KEEP YOUR BEARINGS. In Lassen Volcanic there are plenty of landmarks, -so this should not be difficult. A good map will help, and topographic -maps of Lassen are available. If you are going to return via the same -trail and have any doubts about remaining on it, use the Indian method -of looking back frequently. - -4. BE CAREFUL WITH FIRE. A campfire should be soaked and the ashes -thoroughly mixed with water until every ember is out. To build a -campfire anywhere except at a regular campground you must secure a -special permit from a Park Ranger. Do not smoke while hiking on the -trails. When you want a smoke, sit down, break your match before -throwing it away and completely extinguish the butt before leaving. - -5. KEEP TOGETHER. It is the person who is separated from the rest who -gets lost. - -6. CONSERVE YOUR STRENGTH. The elevations in Lassen Volcanic are -considerably higher than most people are used to, and you may tire more -easily. If you start out at a pace which seems slow you are more likely -to finish than if you hurry. Rest often. - -7. CARRY A LIGHT AND COMFORTABLE PACK. - -8. CARRY YOUR OWN WATER unless you know the area. The water in the -streams should be pure, but the National Park Service cannot guarantee -it against human pollution. Snow may be used, but only a little at a -time, in order to prevent cramps. - -9. KEEP THE TRAILS FREE FROM LITTER. The beauty of clean, wild places is -so fragile even a bit of paper dropped can mar it. - -10. WEAR PROPER CLOTHING--hiking boots for extensive or rugged hikes, -and light but warm clothing. A light jacket is recommended, as hot -summer days often cool quickly. - -11. PLAN YOUR HIKE. By careful utilization of your time you will be able -to see more and have a more enjoyable trip. Allow plenty of time. -Usually it is more satisfying to thoroughly explore a few sections than -to hurriedly try to see everything. - -12. CONSIDER comfort items such as, bandaids, mosquito repellant, sun -glasses, suntan lotion. - - [Illustration: Mountain Hemlock Cones] - - - - - THE TRAILS - - -No attempt is made to give a complete description of any trail, but -instead to give sufficient information to enable a prospective user to -know if he is likely to find a particular one interesting. Before the -description of each trail, the following items are given: Starting -point, distance, topography, time, and features. Many starting points -are at guide marker numbers which are referred to in the _Road Guide to -Lassen Volcanic National Park_. "Topography" refers to the vertical rise -or fall. For example a "descent of 500 feet" means a drop in elevation -of 500 feet. As "Time" varies considerably among different persons; an -attempt is made to indicate the time needed for a leisurely hike. A -young person in good condition will require less time than indicated, -while a bird watcher, photographer, or naturalist might take much -longer. - -It is hoped that with these items indicated, as well as a description of -the more interesting features of each trail, you will be able to decide -which trails will offer the greatest satisfaction and enjoyment. - -Opening of the trails in the park varies from year to year according to -the amount of snow during the previous winter. During July, August and -September most of the trails are open. - -The following tables of opening dates are for years of average snowfall, -and the actual dates will vary from two weeks earlier to two weeks later -than indicated. Trails at lower elevations and on open slopes facing -south will be available as much as a month earlier than higher trails on -north slopes, or trails through heavy forest. Trail crews attempt to -open some trails early, especially the Lassen Peak and Bumpass Hell -trails. Even though snow has melted, down trees may prevent easy hiking -until trail crews can find time to work the trails. - - MAY 15 - Lily Pond - Manzanita Lake - Sulphur Works - JUNE 1 - Bathtub Lake - Butte Lake - Cinder Cone - JUNE 15 - Boiling Springs Lake - Chaos Crags and Crags Lake - Cluster Lakes - Devil's Kitchen Lake - Mill Creek Falls - Paradise Meadow - Summit Lake to Echo and Twin Lakes - Summit Lake to Horseshoe Lake via Upper Twin Lake - Summit Lake to Horseshoe Lake via Grassy Swale Creek - Widow Lake - JULY 1 - Bumpass Hell - Butte Lake to Snag Lake - Cold Boiling and Crumbaugh Lakes - Crystal Lake - Forest Lake - Horseshoe Lake to Snag Lake - Inspiration Point - Juniper Lake to Snag Lake - Kings Creek Falls - Lassen Peak - Manzanita Creek - Mount Harkness - Park Road to Summit Lake - Park Road to Hat Lake - Prospect Peak - Ridge Lakes - Terrace, Shadow, and Cliff Lakes - JULY 15 - Brokeoff Mountain - - [Illustration: MAP SYMBOLS] - - TRAILS - ROADS - PARKING AREAS - BUILDINGS - CAMPGROUNDS - STREAMS - WATERFALLS - MOUNTAINS - LAKES - THERMAL ACTIVITY - NORTH DIRECTION - - -1. FOREST LAKE AND BROKEOFF MOUNTAIN - - Starting Point: Guide Marker 2 - Distances: Forest Lake, 1.5 miles; Brokeoff Mountain, 3.7 - miles. Total round trip 7.4 miles - Topography: Uphill--Forest Lake, 700 feet; Brokeoff Mountain, - 2600 feet - Time: Forest Lake, 2-1/2 hours; Brokeoff Mountain, 5 hours - Features: Scenic views, flowers, streams - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -For sheer beauty and rugged mountain scenery the Brokeoff trail is one -of the best in Lassen. From the entrance station it climbs steadily -through open meadows and forest for two miles and then through the -scattered hemlocks and finally above timberline to the top. Forest Lake -is near the trail, and is a good objective for a leisurely nature walk. -A wide variety of wildflowers will be found changing with the seasons, -and the Brewer mountainheath produces an outstanding display. Birds -frequently seen include juncos, chickadees, western tanagers, -flycatchers, and a number of others. Deer are common. - -Beyond Forest Lake the forest becomes more open. At the west end of the -mountain just before the last half mile of climb, there is a good view -of Mt. Shasta. From the top of the mountain there are good views of -Lassen Peak, Conard, Chaos Crags, Diller, Shasta, and other mountains of -the vicinity. Also, the view of the old Tehama caldera is excellent from -this point. - -Pikas are sometimes seen among the rocks near the top, and marmots among -the rocks at lower elevations. - -Snow is likely to be found in places along the trail until about -mid-August, and there is usually too much snow for climbing before -mid-July. - - [Illustration: Mountain Chickadee] - - -2. MILL CREEK FALLS - - Starting Point: Sulphur Works Campground - Distances: 2.3 miles, round trip 4.6 miles - Topography: Downhill about 300 feet and uphill about the same - Time: 2-1/2 hours - Features: Waterfall, forest, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Mill Creek Falls is the highest waterfall in the park with a drop of 75 -feet. It is at the junction of East Sulphur and Bumpass creeks. Because -of the surrounding forest and rugged terrain there are only two or three -points from which it can be photographed. - -The trail descends to the crossing of West Sulphur Creek, crosses an -open hillside and follows through forested areas to the falls. Deer are -likely to be seen as well as a variety of birds. Mule-ears, also called -wyethia, is the common wildflower that covers the open hillsides. Many -other wildflowers, including the blue and white stickseed, can be seen. -There are good views of Brokeoff Mountain and Mount Diller. - -There are no fish in the streams near the falls nor for some distance -below as there is too much sulphur from the thermal areas above. Farther -down, the water is diluted sufficiently for fish to live. - -The trail continues beyond the crossing of East Sulphur and Bumpass -creeks to Kings Creek Campground. (See Cold Boiling and Crumbaugh Lakes -Trail.) - - -3. RIDGE LAKES - - Starting Point: Sulphur Works parking area - Distances: 1.1 miles, round trip 2.2 miles - Topography: Rather steep climb of 1,000 feet - Time: 2 hours - Features: Lakes, flowers, scenic views, wildlife, forests - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -These small lakes are in a cirque below the rim of the old Mount Tehama -caldera. From them excellent views of Mount Diller and Diamond Peak can -be seen. You will find good subjects for pictures, and naturalists will -find a variety of flowers (including the striking leopard lily), birds, -trees, and probably deer. - -The trail follows the ridge directly above the parking area for about a -half mile, going through red fir and white pine forests. It then crosses -an open hillside and finally goes over the moraine below the lakes. When -the water is high the two lakes are joined into one. Above the lakes -game trails go up the side of the Tehama rim, which is steep and covered -with loose rock. Only experienced hikers should continue, and never -alone. - - -4. SULPHUR WORKS - - Starting Point: East end of the parking area - Distances: 0.3 mile, round trip - Topography: A few steep places - Time: 25 minutes - Features: Hydrothermal activity - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -The name "Sulphur Works" was given to this area when two men, Boarman -and Supan, tried unsuccessfully to develop the sulphur and clay -properties in 1865. The hydrothermal activity consists of hot springs, -mud pots, and fumaroles. As a result of the hydrothermal activity a -number of different minerals are deposited in the area giving it pastel -shades of yellow, orange, green, and red. Some of the minerals found are -powdery opal, chalcedony, hematite, pyrite, kaolinite, alunite, and -sulphur. - -It is believed that this is part of the vent system of the ancient -volcano, Mount Tehama, which collapsed thousands of years ago. Signs -posted along the trail explain the various features. This is the only -hydrothermal area close to the park road. - -As crusts may be thin with boiling water underneath, visitors are warned -to stay on the trail. - - [Illustration: Bumpass Hell] - - -5. BUMPASS HELL - - Starting Point: Parking area by Guide Marker 17 - Distances: Round trip to view point, 2.2 miles; round trip over - entire nature trail, 3.0 miles - Topography: A gradual climb of 500 feet in the first mile, and a - descent of 250 feet into the thermal area - Time: 2 hours to view point and return, 3 hours for - complete round trip - Features: Hydrothermal activity, glacial evidence, scenic - views, flowers, forest - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Bumpass Hell is the largest hydrothermal area in the park, and the trail -to it is one of the most scenic. Because of the popularity of this trail -it is usually opened around July 1, although occasionally the snow is -too deep and opening has to be postponed. The first mile is an open and -sparsely wooded mountainside with grand views of Lassen, Brokeoff, -Diller, and Diamond peaks, as well as the more distant Sierra. - -The hydrothermal area can be seen from the summit of the trail. Dropping -into the area the trail passes by a number of hot springs, steam vents, -mud pots and boiling pools. A variety of trees and wildflowers are along -the trail, chiefly mountain hemlock and white-bark pine, silver leaf -lupine, red penstemon, bog kalmia and other flowers. Birds, too, are -abundant, and deer, marmots, and pikas may be encountered. - -At the beginning of the trail is a box with self-guiding leaflets -describing the numbered points of interest on the trail. We urge you to -use them. You are warned to stay on the established trails as crusts are -thin over some hot areas. - - [Illustration: Lake Helen] - - -6. BUMPASS HELL TO COLD BOILING LAKE AND KINGS CREEK - - Starting Point: Bumpass Hell parking area - Distances: 4 miles one way - Topography: A rise of 500 feet in the first mile followed by a - descent of 1,000 feet - Time: 5 hours, round trip - Features: Flowers, forest, scenic views, hydrothermal activity - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Following the trail from Bumpass Hell to the Kings Creek campground -furnishes an interesting variation from the usual round trip. Starting -at stake 23 on the Bumpass Hell self-guiding trail, it crosses the creek -and leaves the basin on the east side. It then goes downgrade for 1-1/2 -miles to Cold Boiling Lake. Along this section of the trail are good -views of Mount Conard and Crumbaugh Lake, and the wildflower display, -especially lupine, is exceptionally good in the open places where seeps -provide moisture. - -Cold gas bubbles are continuously coming from Cold Boiling Lake, hence -its name. From Cold Boiling Lake the trail is in the open, passing by -clumps of mountain hemlock and other trees. - -By arranging for pick up at Kings Creek, this trail makes an ideal -downhill hike, and cuts the time in half. - - [Illustration: White-bark Pine] - - -7. LASSEN PEAK - - Starting Point: Parking lot by Guide Marker 22 - Distances: 2.5 miles to top, round trip 5 miles - Topography: 2,000 feet uphill on a steady and rather steep grade - (15%), starting at 8,500 feet elevation - Time: 4-1/2 hours, round trip - Features: Scenic views, recent volcanic activity, timberline - trees - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Although persons of all ages have climbed Lassen Peak, it is not -recommended for children under 4, unless carried part way, nor for -adults past 70, unless in exceptionally good physical condition. -Experienced hikers will find it a comparatively easy hike. But many who -climb it are not experienced and may suffer mildly from being winded and -from tired muscles and feet. Many people do not allow enough time for -the trip. By starting slowly and resting often, most people should be -able to reach the summit and experience the thrill of being on "top of -the world". - -The mountain Chickadee and Clark's nutcracker are commonly seen along -the trail. The gnarled mountain hemlocks and white-bark pines at -timberline, clinging tenaciously to the windswept slopes, are truly -picturesque. Views of distant peaks and lakes are magnificent. On the -very top, the skunkleaf polemonium blooms profusely in the short, -snow-free season. - -Take water (snow won't really quench your thirst) and a sweater or -jacket along. If you walk through the craters on top of the peak, use -extreme caution. DO NOT SHORTCUT. - -In the event a summer thunder storm develops, it is best to turn back. -Lightning strikes outstanding projections, and the top of Lassen Peak is -a favorite target. Never remain on any mountaintop during a thunder -storm. - -Leaflets explaining the past geologic history as well as present natural -history of the peak are available to make your hike more enjoyable. - - [Illustration: Pilot Pinnacle] - - -8. TERRACE, SHADOW, AND CLIFF LAKES - - Starting Point: Guide Marker 27 - Distances: Terrace Lake, 0.5 mile; Shadow Lake, 0.8 mile; Cliff - Lake, 1.5 miles. Round trip 3 miles - Topography: Downhill, 300 feet to Terrace Lake, 350 to Shadow - Lake, and 650 to Cliff Lake, uphill on return - Time: Terrace Lake, 1 hour; Shadow Lake, 1-1/2 hours, - Cliff Lake, 3 hours, all round trip times - Features: Forests, lakes, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -These three jewels lie in cirques under the north base of Reading Peak, -and are not difficult to reach. For the photographer they present plenty -of contrasting colors, for the naturalist a variety of trees, flowers, -birds, and animal life. - -From the sign at the highway the trail descends rapidly. The trail forks -after 0.2 of a mile, the left fork going to Hat Lake and the right fork -to Terrace Lake. After Terrace Lake it passes along the shore of Shadow -Lake, and then through open woods and meadows for over a half mile to -the Cliff Lake junction. An animal trail goes towards Reading Peak -through a meadow and over a low moraine to Cliff Lake. - -Because this trail starts at a high elevation and is largely on north -slopes it is not free from snow as early as many trails of the park. - - -9. PARK ROAD TO SUMMIT LAKE - - Starting Point: Guide Marker 27 - Distances: To road at guide marker 38, 3.7 miles; to Summit - Lake, 4.2 miles; both distances one way - Topography: Downhill, dropping 1,300 feet - Time: 3 hours, one way - Features: Lakes, forest, flowers, scenic views - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -The first part of this trail is #8, then it continues beyond the Cliff -Lake junction, down to the park road. There is a good variety of trees, -wildflowers, and birds. And for a feeling of being completely in the -wilderness, this trail is ideal, for a few yards off the road there are -no noises of civilization nor other reminders of the bustle of the -world. - -Beyond the Cliff Lake turnoff the trail descends quite rapidly through -the Open forest, which becomes more dense as it approaches the lower -loop of the road. Lupines, both yellow and blue, are the predominant -flowers along the trail. At higher elevations the mountain hemlocks are -most common, but give way to red firs, white pines, and ponderosa pines -as the trail descends. - -By arranging for transportation at guide marker 38 where the trail -crosses the road, one can have an easy hike of about 3 hours. The return -hike uphill will take about twice as long as coming down. - - -10. PARK ROAD TO HAT LAKE - - Starting Point: Guide Marker 27 - Distances: 2.8 miles, one way - Topography: Downhill, 1,600 feet, descending rapidly in places - Time: 2-1/2 hours, one way - Features: Flowers, forests, scenic views, stream - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Starting where Trails No. 8 and 9 start, 0.2 mile from the road the left -trail fork is followed, and the trail passes through forests and other -natural features similar to No. 8 and 9. A number of good views of -Lassen Peak can be seen along the way. For wildflowers it is one of the -best in the park for variety, with lupine, scarlet gilia, red and blue -penstemon, monkshood, columbine, and many others. - -After separating from the Terrace Lake trail it goes through open -forests, then descends rapidly before crossing the east fork of Hat -Creek. Just past this crossing the Paradise Meadows trail turns to the -right (south) while the Hat Creek trail turns to the left. The short -trip to Paradise Meadows is well worth the time, for here you can find -one of the outstanding wildflower displays of the park. The Hat Creek -trail descends through the forests to the Devastated Area and Hat Lake, -reaching the park road at guide marker 42. By arranging transportation -at Hat Lake, the hike is an easy one, taking about 2-1/2 hours. The -round trip will require 6 or 7 hours. - - -11. COLD BOILING AND CRUMBAUGH LAKES, CONARD MEADOWS, MILL CREEK FALLS, -AND SULPHUR WORKS CAMPGROUND - - Starting Point: Kings Creek Campground - Distances: Cold Boiling Lake, 0.8 mile; Crumbaugh Lake, 1.3; - Conard Meadows, 2.2; Mill Creek Falls, 3; Sulphur - Works Campground 5.3; all distances one way - Topography: Downhill 800 feet to campground - Time: Cold Boiling Lake, 3/4 hour; Crumbaugh Lake 1-1/2 - hours; Conard Meadows, 2 hours; Sulphur Works - Campground, 4 hours. For round trips times should be - at least doubled - Features: Forests, flowers, waterfalls, lakes, scenic views, - streams - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This little-traveled area is excellent for birds, wildflowers, and deer. -Cold Boiling Lake is so named because gas bubbles are continually rising -at some points near the shore. The meadow by Crumbaugh Lake has a -variety of wildflowers and Conard Meadows is ideal for wildlife. There -are no fish in either lake, as they will not live when introduced. - -The trail is fairly level to Cold Boiling Lake, and then descends to -Crumbaugh Lake. It is level to Conard Meadows, and from there to Mill -Creek Falls descends by a steep grade (see Mill Creek Falls trail). A -one-way trip to the Sulphur Works campground, arranging for -transportation at the lower end, makes an ideal, easy, half-day hike. - - -12. KINGS CREEK FALLS - - Starting Point: Guide Marker 32 - Distances: 3 miles round trip - Topography: Descent of 700 feet - Time: 2-1/2 hours - Features: Waterfalls, cascades, forest, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -About half a mile down, the trail splits. It is recommended that the -left trail be followed downhill, where it rejoins the other section. The -right fork follows the cascades, and is much easier to climb on the -return trip. The trail goes down through pine and fir forests, and over -a meadow where flowers bloom all summer. Here one can find the leopard -lily, grass-of-parnassus, and many others. Watch for glacial polishing -on the rocks along the way. - -Morning is the best time to photograph the falls, as later in the day -(after 2:00 p.m.) they are in shadow. The height of the falls is about -30 feet. - -Follow the beautiful cascades (left) on the return trip. Watch for -mountainash, as this is one of the few places one can see this small, -shrublike tree that produces clumps of brilliant red berries in late -August and September. - -Below the falls the trail continues downhill to Drakesbad, another 2.5 -miles. - - -13. SUMMIT LAKE TO ECHO AND TWIN LAKES - - Starting Point: East side of Summit Lake, from the trail that - encircles the lake - Distances: Echo lake, 2 miles; Upper Twin, 3-1/2 miles; Lower - Twin, 4 miles, one way - Topography: Uphill 500 feet in the first mile, descending 500 - feet to Lower Twin Lake - Time: Echo Lake, 1-1/2 hours; Upper Twin, 2-1/2 hours; - Lower Twin, 3 hours, all one way. Double these times - for round trips - Features: Lakes, forests, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This is a good nature trail, as many kinds of wildflowers, trees, and -birds are found. Deer are common in the area. Swimming is good in late -summer. This is also a favorite trail for overnight hikers as it leads -to the wilderness area of the eastern part of the park. - -Hardy hikers may wish to go beyond Twin Lakes. The trail continues past -Rainbow Lake to Snag Lake, 3.5 miles, and another trail goes to Butte -Lake, 5.5 miles. - - - [Illustration: LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK] - - -14. SUMMIT LAKE TO HORSESHOE LAKE VIA UPPER TWIN LAKE - - Starting Point: East side of Summit Lake - Distances: 8 miles, one way - Topography: Two ridges to cross, 500 feet and 300 feet - Time: 6 hours one way. For round trip, it will take - approximately twice the time - Features: Lakes, forest, flowers, wildlife - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This is one of the two main trails to the east part of the park. -Horseshoe Lake can also be reached by a dirt road from Chester. If -transportation can be arranged this trail will make a comparatively easy -day's hike. There is a campground at Horseshoe Lake, so it can make a -good objective for an overnight hike. Hardy hikers can make the round -trip in one day. - -The first part of the trip is most of No. 13, and from Upper Twin Lake -the trail goes south and passes close to the base of Crater Butte. Part -of the trip is in open meadows and part through fir-pine forest. - -An interesting variation for a round trip is to return via Grassy Swale -Creek. (See No. 15, Summit Lake to Horseshoe Lake via Grassy Swale -Creek.) - - [Illustration: Mountain lake] - - -15. SUMMIT LAKE TO HORSESHOE LAKE VIA GRASSY SWALE CREEK - - Starting Point: South end of Summit Lake campground - Distances: 8 miles, one way - Topography: Downgrade 700 feet during first 3 miles, then - gradually upgrade 500 feet - Time: 6 hours, one way. Double the time for round trip - Features: Flowers, forest, lakes, wildlife, streams - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Grassy Swale Creek passes through some beautiful meadows in which are -found a variety of wildflowers. Sundew, a rare, insect-eating plant, may -be found near the trail in the wet section of the meadow about one mile -northeast of Corral Meadow. Douglas spirea also makes a colorful display -here. - -The trail descends along Summit Creek about 3 miles to Corral Meadow. -Here it leaves the Drakesbad trail, crosses Kings Creek and follows -along Grassy Swale Creek to the base of Crater Butte. It then follows on -to Horseshoe Lake. It may be quite wet in places until late summer. -Mosquito repellent may be needed. - -This is an excellent trail for naturalists as many species of trees, -flowers, birds, and mammals can be observed. - - -16. CLUSTER LAKES - - Starting Point: Locked gate at Budget Flat. Badger Flat is 6 miles - down the dirt road which leaves the Park Road at - Guide Marker 41 - Distances: First Cluster Lake, 2 miles; second, 2.5; Silver - Lake, 3; Big Bear Lake, 4, one way - Topography: Uphill 200 feet on a gradual grade - Time: Round trips: 2-1/2, 3, 4 and 5 hours respectively - Features: Lakes, forest, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This group of six lakes is easily reached by the trail from Badger Flat. - -Mule-ears (wyethia) puts on a magnificent display in Badger Flats, and -falsehellebore is prevalent in places. Spreading phlox is especially -attractive in late June and early July along the beginning of the trail, -and paintbrush further up, along with Newberry penstemon or -pride-of-the-mountains. - -The trail passes through open forested areas in a relatively level -section of Lassen. After passing the second lake the trail forks. The -left trail goes to Silver Lake. The trail continues over rather level -terrain past Feather Lake to Lower Twin Lake, another 2 miles. - -From Big Bear Lake the trail continues 3.5 miles to Summit Lake, -crossing two ridges on the way. - - -17. PARADISE MEADOWS - - Starting Point: Hat lake parking area, Guide Marker 42 - Distances: 1.5 miles, one way - Topography: Uphill, 600 feet - Time: 2 hours, one way, 3 hours for round trip - Features: Flowers, forest, stream - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -For wildflowers during midsummer Paradise Meadows is one of the best -areas in the park. Elephanthead and gentian can be seen near Hat Lake; -scarlet gilia along the first mile; and columbine, lupine, monkshood, -penstemon (both red and blue), falsehellebore, and many other species -will be found in the meadow area. Also, it is a good area to see birds -and deer. - -For about a mile the trail goes up rather steeply. At the meadows there -are good views of Lassen and Reading peaks, and the cirque in which the -meadows lie. - -Upon reaching lower Paradise Meadows a trail turns to the right. This -goes to the Park Road near Terrace Lake. (See Park Road to Hat Lake -trail.) - - [Illustration: Mertens Cassiope] - - -18. CHAOS CRAGS AND CRAGS LAKE - - Starting Point: The trail leaves the Manzanita Lake Camp road about - 100 yards south of the store and near the creek - crossing - Distances: 1.8 miles, one way - Topography: Uphill about 700 feet - Time: 3 hours, round trip - Features: Forest, flowers, recent volcanic activity, dwarfed - trees - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Chaos Crags were formed by lava being forced upward and hardening in -place, similar to squeezing toothpaste out of a tube. Considerable -volcanic activity took place in the crater at the north base of the -Crags. As a result of this activity a huge landslide occurred, strewing -rocks over 2-1/2 square miles, including the area around Manzanita and -Reflection lakes. This rock slide is called Chaos Jumbles. - -The trail follows through pine-fir forests close to the edge of the -Jumbles. Many saprophytes can be seen along the trail, together with -pipsissewa and pyrolas. - -The crater at the base of the Crags is filled with snow early in the -season, later melting to form a small lake which may dry up toward the -end of the summer. - -The trees in the Jumbles are small, but in spite of their size, many are -over 250 years old. From the age of the oldest trees it is estimated -that the eruption and landslide occurred about 1690. - - -19. LILY POND - - Starting Point: Across the Park Road from the Manzanita Lake Visitor - Center - Distances: 1 mile - Topography: Level - Time: 1 hour - Features: Trees, flowers, shrubs, ponds, recent volcanic - activity - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This trail is maintained by the National Park Service primarily as a -nature trail. Leaflets are available describing 43 numbered points of -interest, many of which are trees, shrubs, and flowers. Ten of the 12 -species of coniferous trees found in the park are along this trail. In -the pond itself are aquatic plants and amphibians. The willows and -alders nearby are shelters for several species of birds. Deer are -frequently seen in the area, as well as ground squirrels and other small -mammals. In the early summer the brilliant snowplant is quite common -along the trail. - -This is an excellent trail for a person to become acquainted with the -flora and fauna of Lassen Volcanic National Park. Leaflets may be -purchased at the trail head describing 43 points of interest. - - -20. MANZANITA LAKE - - Starting Point: Any place along the lake - Distances: 1.7 miles around the lake - Topography: Level - Time: 1-1/2 hours - Features: Lake, flowers, wildlife, trees, shrubs, scenic views - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -On the south side of the lake the trail goes through manzanita brush and -open meadows. Along the west side is ponderosa pine forest with alder -thickets by the lake. Along this stretch can be seen some of the few -black cottonwood trees found in the park. On the north side is the road, -with willow and alder thickets by the shore, and on the east side is the -lodge and campground. From the west side are excellent views of Lassen -Peak and Chaos Crags. A good variety of birds may be observed, including -ducks, geese, coots, grebes, warblers, finches, swallows, blackbirds, -sapsuckers, and nighthawks. Deer are frequently seen in the manzanita. -An easy, pleasant walk. - - -21. MANZANITA CREEK - - Starting Point: South end of Manzanita lake Campground - Distances: 3.5 miles to upper meadows, one way - Topography: Uphill, 1,250 feet - Time: 5 hours for the round trip - Features: Forest, flowers, scenic views, stream - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This hike starts on a fire road that provides steady, but relatively -easy climbing. The first 0.7 mile is through manzanita, and birds and -smaller mammals can be observed. When the forest of red fir and -lodgepole pine is reached the trail becomes much more appealing, and -striking views of Chaos Crags and Lassen Peak are glimpsed through the -trees. - -On the last half mile, where the creek winds and tumbles through sloping -meadows, the wildflower display is magnificent. Flowers bloom profusely -through July and August. Walk through the upper meadows to see the -Lassen paintbrush (found only in this park), the pink Lewis -monkeyflower, the brilliant fireweed, both the blue and the white -monkshood, and many others. Camera, binoculars, and lunch are all -advisable for this trip. - - -22. CINDER CONE - - Starting Point: West end of Butte Lake Campground - Distances: 2 miles to the summit, one way. A trail continues - down the south side for a round trip of 5 miles. - Topography: 800 feet climbing cone - Time: 3 hours to the cone summit and back, 4 hours if - trail down south slope is followed back to Butte - Lake Campground - Features: Forest, recent volcanic activity, history, views - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This is one of the most perfectly formed cinder cones in the United -States, and one of the most recent. In the spring of 1851, pioneers -following Emigrant, or Nobles, Trail saw the results of the previous -winter's eruption. - -For persons interested in geology or photography this trail is a must. -It goes through open forest for about 1.5 miles, close to the base of -the cone, and the rest of the trail is in the open. The trail up the -cone is fairly steep, and is in loose Cinders, making climbing similar -to what it would be in loose sand. The climb is not difficult if made -with frequent rest stops. High shoes or boots are advisable. - -The Cinder Cone Summit commands excellent views of Lassen, Prospect, -Harkness, and other mountains, of Butte and Snag Lakes, and of the -Fantastic Lava Beds and Painted Dunes. A trail completely encircles the -double crater, and a spur goes down into the crater. Another trail -continues down the south side of the cone and encircles it, adding -another mile for a 5 mile round trip. It passes near the 1851 vent from -which lava flowed. This is now a small ice grotto. - -Self-guiding leaflets which describe 44 numbered points of interest may -be purchased at the Ranger Station. - - [Illustration: Mountain Hemlock Cones] - - -23. PROSPECT PEAK - - Starting Point: Cinder Cone Trail Marker 13 - Distances: 3.5 miles to the summit - Topography: 2,200 feet of climbing - Time: 5 hours for the round trip of 7 miles - Features: Scenic views, forest - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Prospect Peak provides commanding views of Lassen, Harkness, West -Prospect, Shasta, and other surrounding mountains, several lakes, and -the crater of the Cinder Cone. In the early summer there is a small lake -in the crater of Prospect Peak, an ancient volcano. - -About a half mile from Butte Lake the trail leaves the Cinder Cone -trail, and climbs steadily through ponderosa pine, fir, and sub-alpine -forests to above timberline. Birds and other wildlife abound, and -occasionally, bobcats or even a mountain lion may be seen. - -During June and early July there is snow in the crater. No drinking -water is available. - - -24. BATHTUB LAKE - - Starting Point: Butte Lake Parking Lot - Distances: 0.4 mile, one way - Topography: 70 foot climb at start - Time: 1 hour for the round trip - Features: Lakes, forest, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This is a delightful, easy walk through open ponderosa pine and fir -forest to two small lakes. The first lake is a quarter mile and the -second (Bathtub) a half mile from the camp. For good (not icy) swimming -these lakes are recommended. And for a leisurely nature walk one can -easily spend two hours looking for birds and flowers and identifying -trees and shrubs. - - -25. BUTTE LAKE (North and East Shores) - - Starting Point: Butte Lake Parking Lot - Distances: 2 miles to the south end of the lake - Topography: Uphill 150 feet and down along the north shore, then - quite level - Time: 3 hours for the round trip - Features: Forest, scenic views, flowers, lake - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -For sheer beauty and a feeling of wilderness, this is an excellent -trail. Good views of the lake and the Cinder Cone are frequent. Deer and -a variety of birds, trees, and flowers may be observed. - -In the first mile the trail ascends a hill overlooking the lake. After -crossing Butte Creek it follows close to the shore to the south end. - -From the south end of the lake the trail continues 2.5 miles to Snag -Lake and another 3 miles to either Juniper or Horseshoe lakes. (See -Trail No. 27, Butte Lake to Snag Lake; No. 28, Horseshoe Lake to Snag -Lake; and No. 29, Juniper Lake to Snag Lake.) - - -26. WIDOW LAKE - - Starting Point: Butte Lake Parking Lot - Distances: 4 miles, one way - Topography: Climb of 1,000 feet - Time: 5-1/2 hours for the round trip - Features: Lake, forest, scenic views - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -The first 2 miles is trail No. 25, Butte Lake. From the Widow Lake trail -are scenic views of Cinder Cone, Lassen Peak, Prospect Peak, Mount -Harkness, and many other mountains of the vicinity. From the south end -of Butte Lake the trail climbs rapidly, about 1,000 feet in 2 miles. - -From Widow Lake the trail continues south, past the Red Cinder Cone to -Jakey Lake (6 miles), and on to Juniper Lake (10 miles). - - -27. BUTTE LAKE TO SNAG LAKE - - Starting Point: Butte Lake Parking Lot - Distances: 6.5 miles to south end of Snag Lake, one way - Topography: Rise of 100 feet - Time: 5 hours round trip to north end of Snag Lake, 8 - hours round trip to south end of Snag Lake - Features: Lakes, recent volcanic activity, forest, flowers - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -The first 2 miles is Trail No. 25, Butte Lake. From the south end of -Butte Lake there are two trails. One, not maintained by the Park -Service, goes by the base of the lava flow, and the other goes through -the forest to Snag Lake. Along the lava flow one can easily picture the -volcanic activity as the trail winds close to huge basalt blocks. - -The two trails come together at the bay on the east shore and one trail -continues to the south end of the lake. From this point a trail leads to -Juniper Lake, another to Horseshoe Lake, and another around Snag Lake -and back to Butte Lake via the Cinder Cone. The total distances from -Butte Lake are: to Juniper or Horseshoe lakes, 10 miles; and around Snag -Lake and the Cinder Cone back to Butte Lake, 13 miles. - - -28. HORSESHOE LAKE TO SNAG LAKE - - Starting Point: Horseshoe Lake Ranger Station - Distances: 3 miles, one way, to southern end of Snag lake - Topography: Descent of 600 feet - Time: 3-1/2 hours, round trip - Features: Lakes, stream, flowers, forest, history - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -In the meadow northeast of the Horseshoe Lake Ranger Station the remains -of an early settler's cabin can be seen, and many wildflowers and birds. -The trail follows Grassy Creek much of the way to Snag Lake. - -Snag Lake was created by lava flows from Cinder Cone damming Grassy -Creek. The trees that were killed slowly rotted and fell into the lake, -but in the early days of the park there were many standing snags to be -seen. Since the lake seeps through lava, the level varies considerably -from year to year and season to season, depending on the rains. - -Trails follow both the east and west sides of Snag Lake, continuing to -Butte Lake. (See Trail No. 27.) - - -29. JUNIPER LAKE TO SNAG LAKE - - Starting Point: Juniper Lake Ranger Station - Distances: 3 miles, one way, to southern end of Snag Lake - Topography: Climb 240 feet in first half mile, followed by a - descent of 1,000 feet - Time: 4-1/2 hours, round trip - Features: Lakes, stream, flowers, forest, history - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Wildflowers bloom profusely in Cameron Meadows during July and often -into August, and it is a good area for birds and deer. Here, also, are -the remains of an early settler's cabin. - -The trail is shaded by ponderosa pine and fir forest most of the way, -except for a short stretch at Cameron Meadows. From here it swings close -to the east fork of Grassy Creek and continues on to Snag Lake. - -From Snag Lake Trail No. 27 continues on to Butte Lake. - - [Illustration: Jeffrey Pine] - - -30. INSPIRATION POINT - - Starting Point: Juniper Lake Ranger Station - Distances: 0.8 mile to the overlook - Topography: Climb of 400 feet - Time: 2-1/2 hours for the round trip - Features: Scenic views, forest - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -Inspiration Point is well named, as it affords some of the finest views -of Lassen, Harkness, Prospect, and more distant mountains. Snag, Butte, -and Juniper lakes are in full view, as well as Cameron Meadows and -Cinder Cone. To the southeast of the trail, as you approach Inspiration -Point, look for the fine specimens of western juniper. The trail climbs -steadily through western white pine and red fir timber to the open area -of the point. Various birds may be seen as well as deer and small -mammals. - - -31. CRYSTAL LAKE - - Starting Point: From along the road on the east side of Juniper Lake - about a mile from the ranger station - Distances: 0.4 mile, one way - Topography: Climb of 450 feet - Time: 1 hour, round trip - Features: Lake, scenic views, forest - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This lake lies in a cirque below the Crystal Cliffs. From the trail are -views of Juniper Lake, Lassen and other peaks. Many consider it the most -beautiful lake in Lassen. A relatively easy hike through forests and -meadows surrounding the lake. - - -32. MOUNT HARKNESS - - Starting Point: Juniper Lake near campground at the southeast end - Distances: 2 miles to the summit of Mount Harkness - Topography: 1,300-foot climb - Time: 4 hours for the round trip - Features: Forest, scenic views - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -The trail winds upward through the pine-fir forest. On top of Mount -Harkness is the only fire lookout station in the park. From it are -outstanding views of Juniper Lake and Lassen, Brokeoff, Prospect, and -other peaks in the park, as well as the Sierra to the south and other -mountains to the east and north. On top, the brilliant red bloom of the -smooth cycladenia brightens the rocky slopes during July. - -The lookout is staffed during the summer months and usually these people -are glad to have visitors provided water or food are not requested. All -of their supplies must be packed to the mountain top. - -By proceeding down the west side of Mount Harkness, then turning -northeast along the shores of Juniper Lake, an interesting all-day hike -can be had. The round trip will require about 6 hours and involve about -5-1/2 miles of hiking. - - [Illustration: Trail map] - - -33. BOILING SPRINGS LAKE - - Starting Point: Drakesbad Lodge - Distances: 1 mile to the lake, 2 miles round trip - Topography: Easy 200-foot climb - Time: 2 hours for the round trip - Features: Flowers, forest, hydrothermal activity - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -A number of steam vents are located under Boiling Springs Lake, keeping -the temperature of the lake around 125 degrees. The mudpots on the -southeast shore are among the best in the park. Their coloring is -magnificent. - -The trail crosses a meadow and then goes through forest to the lake and -around it. Trees include incense-cedar, ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, -white fir, sugar pine, and others. A variety of wildflowers are found, -and it is a good area to observe birds. - -At the beginning of the trail hikers can pick up a leaflet describing 44 -points of interest. These refer to trees, shrubs, flowers, geology, and -other nature subjects. This is a relatively easy walk and one can -profitably spend half a day using the leaflet. - - -34. DEVIL'S KITCHEN - - Starting Point: Drakesbad Lodge - Distances: 1.5 miles one way - Topography: Gradually uphill 300 feet - Time: 2-1/2 hours for the round trip - Features: Flowers, forest, hydrothermal activity - - [Illustration: Trail map] - -This hydrothermal area is larger than the Sulphur Works, smaller than -Bumpass Hell, and differs from both. Hot Springs Creek runs through the -area, and on a shelf just above this creek are a number of mudpots. -Whoever named this area apparently imagined the devil cooking over these -pots. The area extends above and beyond the mudpots with a number of -steam vents on the side of the hill. And at the lower end are a group of -trees which were killed quite recently when new vents opened up. In -exploring the hot springs area, hikers should be extremely careful as -crusts may be thin and trails thru the area have not been established. - -The trail to Devil's Kitchen crosses a meadow near Drakesbad (where one -should look for wildflowers) and enters the forest. Just beyond the -meadow are some dead snags where marmots are frequently seen. Further -along, just below the trail and in the creek are some beaver dams. - -This is an excellent trail for those interested in biology and geology. - - - - - Trails not described in the booklet: - - - Kings Creek to Drakesbad, 5 miles, downhill - Around Butte and Snag lakes via Cinder Cone, 13 miles - Butte Lake to Rainbow and Twin lakes, 7 miles - Summit Lake to Rainbow and Snag Lakes, 6 and 8 miles - Juniper Lake to Jakey Lake, 3 miles - Juniper Lake to Jakey, Widow, and Butte lakes, 12 miles - Around Juniper Lake, 5-1/2 miles - Drakesbad to Drake Lake, 1-1/2 miles - Kings Creek to Twin Meadows, 2-1/2 miles - -These trails are shown on the topographic map of Lassen Volcanic -National Park. - -Experienced hikers may want to visit places not on the trails, and with -a topographic map as a guide should be able to go to a number of places -in comparative safety. But beginners should stick to the established -trails. Before venturing off the trails one should consult with a park -ranger. - - - - - INDEX - - - Trail No. Page No. - - Bathtub Lake 24 43 - Boiling Springs Lake 33 54 - Brokeoff Mountain 1 10 - Bumpass Hell 5, 6 16, 18 - Butte Lake 25, 27 44, 46 - Cinder Cone 22 40 - Chaos Crags 18 36 - Cliff Lake 8 22 - Cluster Lakes 16 33 - Cold Boiling Lake 6, 11 18, 25 - Conard Meadows 11 25 - Crags Lake 18 36 - Crumbaugh Lake 11 25 - Crystal Lake 31 51 - Devil's Kitchen 34 55 - Echo Lake 13 27 - Forest Lake 1 10 - Grassy Swale Creek 15 32 - Hat Lake 10, 17 24, 34 - Horseshoe Lake 14, 15, 28 30, 32, 47 - Inspiration Point 30 50 - Juniper Lake 29 48 - Kings Creek Falls 12 26 - Lassen Peak 7 20 - Lily Pond 19 37 - Manzanita Lake 20 38 - Mill Creek Falls 2, 11 12, 25 - Mount Harkness 32 52 - Paradise Meadows 10, 17 24, 34 - Prospect Peak 23 42 - Ridge Lakes 3 13 - Shadow Lake 8 22 - Snag Lake 27, 28, 29 46, 47, 48 - Summit Lake 9, 13, 14, 15 23, 27, 30, 32 - Sulphur Works Hot Springs 4 14 - Terrace Lake 8 22 - Twin Lakes 13, 14 27, 30 - Widow Lake 26 45 - - - - - Transcriber's Notes - - ---Silently corrected a few typos. - ---Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - ---In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Lassen Trails, by Stephen Halsey Matteson - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LASSEN TRAILS *** - -***** This file should be named 55799.txt or 55799.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/7/9/55799/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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