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diff --git a/old/55713-0.txt b/old/55713-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ed7a2e1..0000000 --- a/old/55713-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1522 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Seeing America First, by Eleanor Colby - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Seeing America First - With the Berry Brothers - -Author: Eleanor Colby - -Illustrator: F. W. Pfeiffer - -Release Date: October 9, 2017 [EBook #55713] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEEING AMERICA FIRST *** - - - - -Produced by ellinora, David E. Brown and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - [Illustration: - - SEEING AMERICA FIRST - - WITH THE BERRY BROTHERS - - WRITTEN BY ELEANOR COLBY - - ILLUSTRATED BY F. W. PFEIFFER - - NIAGARA-BUFFALO. COPYRIGHT 1917 BY BERRY BROS., INCORPORATED DETROIT.] - - -Grown-ups talk a lot about "SEEING AMERICA FIRST." They say that this -is the most wonderful land in the world and that everyone ought to see -it before going to any other country. That is exactly what we Berry -Wagon Boys are going to do, and as we travel we are going to write this -little book for other boys and girls to read. - -Our home city, Detroit, is as interesting as any place we shall visit. -We love to hear of the days when Cadillac and his hundred men landed -here and built their fort and how within a year six thousand Indians -had camped within sight of the stockade. Detroit does not look much as -it did then. It is now one of the leading Metropolitan Cities of the -United States, and is growing as fast as Jack's famous beanstalk. It -has grown from 400,000 to 800,000 within the past ten years, and it is -lucky that there is lots of room for it to stretch in, for when people -once get the craze for living in Detroit, no other place satisfies them. - -We always take visiting friends to see the sights of Belle Isle, our -island park. They are amazed at the wonderful fish in the big aquarium -and interested in the zoo, the public bath house with its 800 rooms, -and the beautiful casino. After taking them to a fine lunch at the Boat -Club, we auto around the five and one-half miles of shore drive, and -they "oh" and "ah" till it sounds as though they were taking a singing -lesson. - -There is no fleet of fresh water passenger steamers in the world -equaling those which call Detroit their home port, and our Detroit -River is too fine and dignified to cut up any of the antics in which -some rivers indulge. It never rises and messes up the city for it is -too busy carrying its countless boats of precious freight. - -Detroit is a great manufacturing city, and it is quite likely that the -flowers and vegetables in your garden, the medicine that cures you when -you are sick, and the auto that you ride in, came from our city, for -Detroit leads the world in these manufactures. - -One thing is certain, if the varnish on your floors and furniture is -the best that can be bought, it came from BERRY BROTHERS. - - [Illustration: - - DETROIT - - The River Front - - Soldiers' Monument] - -Canada is larger than the whole United States including Alaska, and -probably it would keep on forever if the Pacific ocean did not stop it -on the west, the Arctic on the north, and the Atlantic on the east. - -Ottawa is the capital of Canada, and the Parliament buildings are among -the finest buildings in the world. Just to look at them makes one think -of kings and queens and all sorts of grandeur. We found it hard to -imagine that a little over a century ago, terrible Indian massacres -were taking place here. The Hurons and Algonquins used to come down the -Ottawa river with their canoes loaded with furs, and the cruel Iroquois -used to lie in wait to torture them in order to get those pelts. - -Montreal, on the St. Lawrence, is another beautiful city. Here we saw -great ocean steamers unloading freight from all parts of the earth. -The harbor of Montreal was the first port in the world to be lighted -with electricity, so that the loading of steamers can go on by night as -well as by day. They put in as many hours as possible, for during four -months of the year the river is frozen so that no commerce can go on. - -In the old Chateau de Ramezay, which used to be the governor's -residence, were signed the papers which made the colony an English -instead of a French one. - -A hundred and seventy two miles beyond Montreal lies Quebec. No, it -does not "lie," for it stands way up on a high bluff above the St. -Lawrence. This bluff is called the Citadel and is one of the strongest -fortresses in the world. It is sometimes called "the Gibraltar of the -Western Hemisphere." - -Quebec is divided into two parts called the "Lower Town" and the "Upper -Town," so that the city seems to have an upstairs and a downstairs. You -can climb up or down through some queer, crooked, narrow street like -Mountain Street or Breakneck Stairs, or can ride in a big "lift" which -is the English word for elevator. The Lower town is very picturesque -and artists like it, but we boys think the Upper town is much more -cheerful and beautiful. - -We often read of walled cities, but until we saw the ruins of the old -wall in Quebec, we had never seen a walled city. - - [Illustration: - - Chateau de Ramezay MONTREAL - - The Citadel QUEBEC - - Old City Wall QUEBEC - - Parliament Hill OTTAWA - - Old Street QUEBEC] - -We are visiting Aunt Penelope who lives in a part of Boston which is -called the "Back Bay." The waters of the bay used to roll right where -her house stands, but by filling in with earth the Bostonians made the -land and some of the finest buildings in the city stand on this "made -land." - -We can see the golden dome of the State House from our window and in -walking over to see the building we went through the Public Garden. It -seems like a magical spot, for yesterday the flower beds were filled -with violets and crocuses, and today those are gone and tulips are in -their places. When these begin to fade, other blooming plants will be -set out. - -In the old part of Boston are some very narrow crooked streets and -people say these were once the path made by cows across the meadows. -There are very few of these streets left and the newer part of Boston -has some of the finest streets in the world. Commonwealth Avenue is -famous for its width and costly homes, and Brookline, the finest part -of the city, is said to have more wealth and beauty to the square foot -than any other city in the United States. The roads around Boston are -fine and besides the interesting buildings, lovely parks, and historic -spots, one is constantly catching glimpses of the blue harbor. - -Climbing up the 295 winding stone steps of Bunker Hill Monument was -"some climb," but the view from the top was wonderful. - -Old North or Christ Church is interesting because from its belfry the -two lanterns were hung as a signal to Paul Revere to start on his -famous ride, and from Old South Church the patriots who took part in -the Boston Tea Party started. They disguised themselves as Indians so -that the British would not recognize them. It took a lot of courage to -pitch that cargo of tea into Boston Harbor, and if I could choose a -Boston ancestor, I would choose one of those brave men. - -One of the most historic spots in Boston is Faneuil Hall. It was given -to the town by Peter Faneuil as a place in which to hold town meetings, -and the most fiery speeches of those old Revolutionary patriots were -made in this old building which is called the "Cradle of Liberty." - - [Illustration: - - Faneuil Hall - - Old North Bridge at Concord Mass. - - Christ Church - - State House BOSTON - - Old South Church] - -Harvard is the oldest university in America. It was founded sixteen -years after the Pilgrims landed. In Memorial Hall we saw over a -thousand students eating dinner. The collection of glass flowers at -Harvard is famous. There is only one man in the world who knows how to -make them, and unless he tells someone before he dies, his secret will -be buried with him. He has made flowers exactly like those in all parts -of the world. - -We went up to New Haven to see Yale, for these two universities have -been rivals ever since Yale was founded fifty years after Harvard. -The wonderful old elms on the campus are famous, but we Berry Wagon -Boys would rather see a football game between Yale and Harvard than to -see all the glass flowers or historic elms in the world. The Harvard -fans would wave their deep crimson pennants and yell: "Rah-Rah-Rah (9 -times) Harvard!" Yale champions would wave the Yale Blue, and shout: -"Rah-Rah-Rah (9 times) Yale!" - -Although Princeton is much smaller, its students love it just as well, -for of course a fellow would not love his mother any less because she -did not weigh 400 pounds. Anyway, in athletics, the orange and black of -Princeton are as well known as any college colors and their yell has -cheered Princeton boys to victory on many gridirons: "'Ray, 'Ray, 'Ray! -Tiger, Tiger, Tiger! Sis, Sis, Sis! Boom, Boom, Boom! Ah, Ah, Ah! -Princeton! Princeton! Princeton!" - -The buildings of Cornell University at Ithaca, N. Y., are at the top -of a high hill and the campus is as fine as any in America. When Ezra -Cornell founded this university he said: "I would found an institution -where any person can receive instruction in any subject," and when we -had been through the buildings we decided that his wish had come true. -The Cornell colors are red and white, and their yell is: "Cornell! I -Yell, Yell, Yell, Cornell!" - -West Point, is the finest military school in the United States and we -wish we had space to tell about the wonderful drilling we saw there. It -is way up on the cliffs overlooking the Hudson. The West Point colors -are black, gold, and gray, and their yell is "Rah, Rah, 'Ray! Rah, Rah, -'Ray! West Point! Ar-may!" - - [Illustration: - - GREAT AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES - - The Campus at Cornell - - Memorial Hall Harvard - - West Point Military Academy - - Model of Yale Buildings - - Nassau Hall Princeton] - -There is not very much of Old New York left. The great sky-scrapers -have crowded out most of the ancient landmarks, but there are a few -relics. For instance, way down town is the Sub-Treasury building. It -looks like a nice dignified old gentleman dozing and dreaming of the -past, while the great high buildings around it with their rushing life -are like hustling boys and girls, full of energy and spirit. - -Another old-timer is Fraunces' Tavern. In Washington's day it was the -most popular tavern in New York. When the British evacuated New York -there was a great celebration, and that night General Washington dined -at Fraunces' Tavern. A few days later he went there to say good bye to -the generals who had served so bravely during the Revolutionary War. -Those small-paned windows have looked out on over a century and a half -of New York life, and if the old walls could speak, they could tell -thrilling stories. - -The most historic house in New York is the Jumel Mansion. In -Washington's time it was the handsomest house in the city, and besides, -it had a fine situation way up on Harlem Heights overlooking the river. -It was there that General Washington made his headquarters. It is -what grown-ups call "very quaint," and the glass for the windows and -the hand-painted paper for the walls came over from France. We saw -the narrow hall where the sentry paced back and forth as he guarded -Washington's slumber, and the council chamber where the general and his -staff decided so many questions. There is the cupboard where Andre, -the spy, hid, but the secret passage down to the river has been closed -because of the river rats. - -After the war the Jumels, (some wealthy French people) bought the -house, and later Madame Jumel married the famous Aaron Burr. Jerome -Bonaparte, brother of the Emperor Napoleon, once visited Madame Jumel -in this house, and many other distinguished people have slept under its -roof. It is the most interesting house we have ever seen, and someway -it has made United States history seem more real than it does in the -school books. - -Anyway, when at sunset we went down to the harbor and looked out at -the Statue of Liberty, she seemed to sort of belong to us and to all -American boys and girls. - - [Illustration: - - Dobb's Ferry - - Fraunces' Tavern - - THE OLD-NEW YORK - - Jumel Mansion - - Harbor and Statue of Liberty - - Sub-Treasury-Assay Office] - -An architect said to us: "New York has a wonderful skyline." He -explained that the "skyline" is the silhouette that the buildings make -against the sky. In some cities the buildings are so nearly one height -that the skyline is level and uninteresting, but in New York there -are tall sky-scrapers, low buildings, domes, towers, and smokestacks, -so that the skyline is full of variety. The picture shows the skyline -of lower New York as we saw it from Brooklyn Bridge, which is the -oldest bridge connecting Brooklyn with Manhattan. It is over a mile -long. The bridge was designed by John Roebling, but he died before it -was begun. His son took his place, but he worked so hard planning and -superintending the work that in three years he became an invalid. Then -he took a house overlooking the bridge, and from his invalid chair -he watched through a telescope and directed all the work till it was -completed ten years later. - -Not far from Brooklyn Bridge is the Stock Exchange, which is the most -famous business building in New York. We never knew that tame men could -act as wild as they do there. It is where they buy and sell stocks and -of course they are all anxious to make as much money as possible and -everyone seems to be gesturing and screaming and no one seems to be -listening. It is as exciting as a football game. - -After all the wild noises of the Stock Exchange, we went to the most -quiet place in the city, Grant's Tomb. We thought it would look like a -cemetery, but it is a beautiful white granite building high up above -the Hudson. The inside of the building is finished in white marble and -there are the great red porphyry tombs of General Ulysses S. Grant and -his wife. People who have traveled across the sea say that Napoleon's -Tomb is more showy, but we were satisfied with Grant's Tomb. Someway it -made us proud of America and its heroes. - -By this time the sun was setting behind the Palisades on the other side -of the river, and those great cliffs looked like pictures of castles on -the Rhine. The Hudson is far wider and more beautiful than the Rhine, -though, which is another good reason for "seeing America first." - - [Illustration: - - Manhattan Skyline - - Brooklyn Bridge - - NEW YORK CITY - - Grant's Tomb - - Stock Exchange] - -One of the finest parts of SEEING AMERICA FIRST is the trip around the -Great Lakes. They are so large that people call them "inland seas," and -when you are out of sight of land, it is just like being on the ocean. -Our steamer was what grown-ups call "a floating palace," and we learned -many interesting things as we went along. - -We never saw so many kinds of boats before. Great barges full of iron -and copper ore, small steamboats tugging a whole line of lazy big -barges, fine sailing vessels looking exactly like picture-book ships, -and little naptha launches that came out and played around our big -steamer when she neared a port. The great whaleback steamers looked -like angry sea monsters snorting smoke out of their high stacks, but -they are really kindly creatures for they carry immense loads of wheat -or ore from the Lake Superior region to the southern and eastern ports. -Another kind of boat is known as a "rabbit," and the pictures on the -opposite page show you these queer craft. - -People had told us that Lake Superior is twenty feet higher than Lake -Huron, and we boys were dreading the plunge which our steamer would -have to make, but it was as quiet as a mill-pond, for our boat merely -sailed into a sort of box or "lock" and the water was slowly lowered -till we sailed out on Lake Huron without even a jolt. There are locks -between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, too, for Niagara Falls would not be -very easy for a steamer to climb or descend. - -It is wonderful to watch the loading and unloading of the huge freight -barges. There are great derricks which reach out giant arms and pick up -monstrous loads and carry them up or down to deck or dock. - -Before the Erie Canal was built, the steamers could only go as far as -Buffalo and there the freight had to be taken from the boats and loaded -on trains in order to be sent farther east. The Erie Canal crosses New -York state like a great water boulevard and connects with the Hudson at -Albany and a boat sailing from Chicago can go clear to New York City -and get a glimpse of the ocean before starting back to the inland seas. - - [Illustration: - - Mouth of the Erie Canal at Buffalo N. Y. - - TRAFFIC ON THE GREAT LAKES - - _the "Rabbit"_ - - Copper-Ingots-at Houghton-Mich. - - "Whaleback" Steamer - - Types-of Lakecraft] - -We Berry Wagon Boys thought we had seen big machinery before, but when -we went to the huge steel mills at Gary, Indiana, we felt about as -small and unimportant as a couple of undersized ants standing before -the Pyramids of Egypt! - -Gary is called "the steel capital of the world," yet only a few years -ago the spot where the city stands was just miles of dreary sandy beach -on the southern shore of Lake Michigan. Columbus discovered America -all ready-made, but Judge Gary and the other men who were in the big -steel company did not discover Gary, they actually made it! Way up in -the Lake Superior country were enormous stores of ore, but there was no -coal and no limestone, so the ore had to be taken far away to be made -into steel, and the freight made the steel very expensive. These men -decided to find a place where the materials could be brought together -more cheaply. It had to be on the lake, so that steamers could haul the -ore. It had to be near several railroads, so that they could bring the -coal and limestone. It had to be near a big city so that there would be -a near-by market for the steel. Besides, they needed a lot of space to -grow in. They bought 9000 acres and seven miles of that barren shore -25 miles from Chicago and they set their designers to work. The whole -thing was built on paper before they began to build it out of concrete -and cement. If anything was in their way, they just moved it. They had -to move a river and a hundred miles of railroad track. Even then they -had to build four of their big blast furnaces right out in the lake. -It cost over two million dollars just to get things ready for the -buildings. - -If you were to go to Gary today and see the fine city they have built -for their workers to live in, the paved and electric-lighted streets, -the pretty homes, the parks, the wonderful steel plants, the fine -harbor and the docks where great steamers are always loading and -unloading, you would find it hard to believe that all of these had -grown up out of that sand in ten years. - - [Illustration: - - Furnaces & Stoves - - THE-STEEL-PLANT-AT-GARY INDIANA - - Billet Mill - - Charging Platform of the Open Hearth Furnaces] - -Until today all that we Berry Wagon Boys knew about meat was that we -liked our steak rare and our pork well done, and we never thought where -all the meat comes from or how it is prepared for the market. Here -at the Union Stock Yards of Chicago we have learned many interesting -things. Almost every farm in the United States has some cattle, hogs, -and sheep, and out in the far west there are huge ranches where -thousands of cow-boys are employed to care for the great herds of -cattle. In Texas there is a ranch larger than the whole state of -Connecticut. - -Farmers used to kill their own stock and sell the meat in the nearest -town, but now there are great meat-packing centers to which they ship -the live stock and where it is turned into canned meat or sent in -refrigerator trains or ships to all parts of the world, and because of -the intense cold in which it is kept, the meat will remain fresh for -months. The packing industry amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars -a year. - -In the stock yards of Chicago, there are over twenty miles of streets -filled with huge pens, each pen containing hundreds of cattle, pigs, or -sheep. While they are waiting to be killed, they are fed on good food -and watered with pure artesian water, so their last hours are made as -pleasant as possible. - -If the creatures could know how very useful they are to be, it would -be quite a comfort to them, for besides being made into dried, canned, -smoked, or fresh meat, they furnish materials for fertilizer, brushes, -oils, glue, lard, leather, hairpins, mattresses, and many other things. -The packers say that they can use every part of an ox but its kick and -every part of a pig but its squeal. - -After the meat is prepared for the market, it is kept two days in a -great chilling room where ten thousand sides of beef can be chilled at -one time. - -It was interesting to see the sausage meat being pressed into the -intestines of the pigs, for the big machines can fill a mile of skins -a minute. We saw them making lard, too, and are proud to say that -American lard is shipped all over the world and is considered the best. -The reason that American meat products are so good is because the -inspectors do not allow any carelessness. - - [Illustration: - - Scene in Chilling Room - - Cattle. Union Stock Yards - - Meat Inspection - - Rendering Lard - - STOCK YARDS AT CHICAGO - - Filling Sausage] - -Chicago has so many fine sky-scrapers that we Berry Wagon Boys had -almost passed the splendid Harvester Building with just a glance when -the man we were with stopped us and said: "Take a good look at that -building, for if a boy had not had ideas and perseverance, it would -never have been built. His name was Cyrus McCormick, and he lived in -Virginia. In the blacksmith shop on his father's farm, Cyrus and his -father used to make lots of labor-saving things and the boy decided -that he would invent a machine which would harvest the wheat better and -more quickly than could be done by hand. He spent every spare minute -working on the invention and was twenty-one years old when he saw his -first reaper at work in the harvest field. He thought that every farmer -would want to buy one, but it was ten years before he sold his first -machine. Soon after this he sold another and after that, the orders -came so fast that he went out west to the little city of Chicago, which -was quite young in 1847, and built his first factory. This factory was -the father of the nineteen huge factories in which the International -Harvester Company now makes every machine that a farmer needs for any -season and any crop." We saw only three of these plants, but when -we had been through the McCormick Works, the Deering Works, and the -steel mills and had seen all the wonderful things that are done in -those factories, we did not wonder that America is famous for its farm -implements. - -People complain a lot about the high cost of living, but if the grain -had to be planted and plowed and harvested by hand, I guess the -American kiddies would have to eat their bread and jam without the -bread. - - [Illustration: - - INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. CHICAGO - - _McCormick Works_ - - Deering Works - - The Harvester Building - - _Steel Mills_] - -We Berry Wagon Boys are visiting our Uncle Silas who owns a great farm -of fifty thousand acres in the northwest. When we look out over the -big wheat fields that stretch for miles, it is like looking out over a -great yellow sea, only the waves are made of wheat instead of water. - -Uncle Silas says that wheat is among the earliest known foods, and -that bread is the earliest known cooked food. The people of Egypt -were eating wheat bread four thousand years ago, only it was not like -the bread we have today. It was called "koscoussoo," and consisted of -flour and water cooked together in a basket over boiling water. Wheat -was brought to America by our forefathers, and George Washington was a -great wheat grower for those days. He had a mill at Mount Vernon and -shipped flour to the West Indies. - -When Uncle Silas and Aunt Mollie came west thirty years ago, this -country was just bleak prairie and one could travel miles without -seeing a sign of human life. They lived in a mover's wagon while -building a sod house. After three years they built a four-room house -and they were as proud as kings. As fast as they made any money they -bought more land, so now they own miles of this wonderful country. - -It is great to see the threshing machines out here. They mow down those -wheat heads just as the great machine guns across the sea mow down the -armies. Some of these machines are drawn by twenty or thirty horses, -and it takes as good a horseman to handle all of those horses as to do -chariot races at a circus. One of these threshers comes along through -the grain like a great giant, and with its huge claws and arms and -feet, it cuts the wheat, threshes it, puts it into bags, and weighs it. - -The grain is shipped to some city and stored in enormous elevators -until it is sold to the millers to be made into flour. - -Uncle Silas says that the life of the modern farmer is far from "slow." -There is something doing every minute, and when he looks out over -those fields of waving wheat and realizes that he is growing enough -food there to keep thousands of people happy and healthy, he would not -exchange places with anyone. - - [Illustration: - - Seeding - - Bonanza Farming - - WHEAT FIELDS OF NORTH DAKOTA - - Threshing] - - [Illustration: BIRDSEYE VIEW BERRY BROTHERS, Inc., DETROIT FACTORIES - - In 1858 Thomas and Joseph H. Berry, then young men of Detroit, made - their first kettle of varnish. The first batch was thirty gallons. - It was good honest varnish, and so from that this business grew. The - industry at the beginning was small. Today, we occupy 43 buildings, - covering seven acres. With the growth of the business the fame of - Berry Brothers' Varnishes, and other products has spread to every - corner of the civilized world. Instead of the little 30 gallon kettle, - we now have 45 kettles with a capacity of 11,500 gallons. The Company - has a storage capacity of 1,250,000 gallons. - - BERRY BROTHERS - - (INCORPORATED) - - World's Largest Varnish Makers] - - [Illustration: - - Animals in the Park - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - - Giant Geyser - - Yellowstone Falls - - Eagle Nest Rock - - Cleopatra Terrace, Mammoth Hot Springs] - -Most boys and girls think of a park as a little plot of ground with -a fountain in its center and neat little flower beds arranged primly -around. The Yellowstone Park is almost as large as Connecticut, and -Uncle Sam has given it to America so that no one can ever spoil -its beauty by building factories or cities there. Think of a park -containing mountains two miles high, cataracts higher than Niagara, -great canyons, and geysers which are the wonder of the world. There are -hundreds of these geysers which are huge natural fountains spouting -mud, boiling water, steam, and minerals. They burst out of the ground -and then sink back leaving pools where wonderful colors seem to be -painted on the rock. Each geyser has its own name and its own habits. -Old Faithful used to spout every sixty minutes to the very second, but -lately takes a little more time. He is getting old, but he still sends -up a column of boiling water and steam 150 feet high, which is "going -some." The Giant deserves its name for it spouts 200 feet, while the -Black Growler fusses and mutters a lot but does very little real work. -The Constant sends up a spout every minute with only a few seconds for -rest in between. - -You would not think that with all this boiling water there could be -any lakes of cold water, but the Yellowstone Lake is as clear and cold -and its fish as fine as any you could find in the world. People claim -that they have caught fish in the lake and then without moving a foot -have cooked them in a pool of boiling water. We could believe this only -we do not think the soldiers would let anyone fish there. Soldiers -are stationed all around the park to keep tourists from carrying off -souvenirs. Some tourists would run away with everything but the geysers -if they had a chance. A geyser would be pretty hard to carry in ones -suitcase. - -This great park has plains where bison run wild, great cliffs where the -eagles rear their young, and forests where Mr. Grizzly makes himself -quite at home. He even comes up to the hotels and carries off garbage -and though he seems quite tame, we boys did not feel like getting too -familiar with him. - - [Illustration: - - View from Mt. Jackson - - _Lake McDermott—from Many Glacier Camp_ - - Blue Lake - - Blackfeet Indians - - _Chief "Three Bears"_ - - GLACIER NATIONAL PARK] - -Glacier Park is way up at the northern edge of Montana. If it were -a little farther north, it would be a Canadian citizen instead of -being subject to Uncle Sam. It was the favorite hunting ground of the -Blackfeet Indians but about 27 years ago copper was discovered there -and Uncle Sam thought that the mines should be properly opened so he -bought the land. There was not enough copper to make mining pay, but -there was a stock of scenery so large that it would last forever, so -Uncle Sam gave the land to his big family for another playground and -the Blackfeet Indians now live on a reservation east of the park. - -There is lots of big game among the mountains, and the Rocky Mountain -sheep and mountain goats seem able to climb up the steep sides of the -rocks as easily as a fly goes up a wall. - -The park is named from its 60 glaciers, but is even more famous for its -250 lakes. People used to think that they had to go to Switzerland to -see the most beautiful lakes in the world, but before long the Swiss -will get the habit of "Seeing America First," for the lakes of Glacier -Park are as fine as those in the Alps. There are tiny little ones high -up among the mountains and large ones in the valleys and they are so -deep and clear and still that they are like mirrors. The streams are -wonderful, too. At the Triple Divide, the water separates and goes in -three directions. One stream flows to the Pacific, another to Hudson -Bay, and the third to the Gulf of Mexico. - -Perhaps you think that tourists have to endure a lot of hardship to -visit this wild spot, but if you could see some of these hotels (built -like Swiss chalets), and could eat some of the meals they serve, you -would change your mind. The fish from these mountain lakes have a -flavor that beats anything we have ever tasted, and we have lived -beside the Great Lakes all our lives. If we could stay here longer we -should join a camping party, for they have great fun living in tents, -fishing, hunting, tramping over the trails, and climbing glaciers. We -will do our glacier climbing when we get to Ranier Park. - - [Illustration: - - MOUNT RAINIER PARK-STATE OF WASHINGTON - - Snow Fields - - Tatoosh Mountains - - Mt. Rainier from Indian Henry's Camp - - Alpine Flowers] - -Uncle Sam has given the American people eleven national parks covering -over seven thousand square miles of the finest scenery in the world, -and Rainier Park in the State of Washington, is one of the most -wonderful of these. Think of a park containing one mountain nearly -three miles high, and having 28 rivers of ice or "glaciers" flowing -down its sides. Thousands of years ago Mount Rainier was a hot-tempered -old fellow and he and the smaller peaks in his range spent their time -belching out fire, but at last in a frightful fit of passion, Mount -Rainier blew off his entire head and where his brains were is now a -huge crater filled with thousands of feet of ice. The other volcanoes -put out their fires long ago, too, and now they all have snowy beards -on their wrinkled old cheeks. - -We climbed up one of the glaciers and it surely was "some climb." -Everyone in the party used an alpine stock and it gave us fellows a -kind of shaky feeling in our knees when we could look down a wall of -ice a thousand feet deep into a great crevasse or crack. We were glad -to stand pretty close to the guide who was big and strong and who knows -these glaciers as we boys know the streets of Detroit. We never knew -before that ice can flow like water only much more slowly. The center -of a glacier moves down the mountain about 16 inches a day. There -are tiny little insects living in this ice. We saw them through the -microscope and they were hopping around as though their feet were cold. -There are wee pink plants growing in the ice in some places and they -make the ice look rose colored. They are so small that you cannot see -them without a microscope. - -Rainier Park is one of the famous wild flower gardens of the world. -Blooming at the very edge of the snow fields are miles and miles of -wonderful flowers. There are daisies, columbine, larkspur, and many -others and they are much taller and finer than those in common gardens. -Grown-ups tell us boys that if we associate with great people we shall -grow to be like them, and perhaps these flowers grow so big and tall -from living so near Mount Rainier and the great cedars and firs. We do -not wonder that this part of the park is called "Paradise Valley." - - [Illustration: - - Filling Cans by Machinery - - Salmon Wheel - - Warehouse full of Salmon - - _Salmon Spawning_ - - COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON INDUSTRY - - Cooking Retort] - -Fishing here on the Columbia River is not just a sport. It is a -business which brings in millions of dollars a year. There are single -factories where a half a million cans of salmon are put up in one day, -and over a hundred million dollars worth of salmon have been taken from -the Columbia river since the white man first came here. - -The large salmon are called chinook, and one of these fish weighing -eighty pounds is not an unknown thing, though their average weight -is about twenty pounds. There are many small kinds of salmon, so the -chinook is called "the King of Salmon." - -The baby fish are hatched way up in the mountain streams and as they -grow friskier and larger, they swim down the stream into the Columbia -river and on to the ocean where they stay about four years till they -are quite grown up. Then they get homesick for the scenes of their -childhood, and, choosing their mates, they start back to a sort of -"home-coming." It takes a long time, for the current is strong, but if -they are lucky enough to miss getting caught and canned, they arrive at -the "spawning place" after several months, and lay their eggs, and soon -their little fish children are starting out to see the world as their -parents did before them. - -The salmon are caught with traps, nets, and water wheels, and ninety -thousand fish have been caught at once in one of the large netted traps -while one wheel has caught fifteen thousand fish in a day. These wheels -are covered with netting and are turned by the swift current of the -river, which raises the fish into the air and tosses them into the boat. - -When the boat is full, it is unloaded at the canning factory at the -edge of the river. The Chinese men who kill the fish are very swift, -and the machines which clean the salmon can handle about forty-five a -minute. They are then cut into pieces by machinery before being packed -into cans, and in these cans the salmon is steamed till thoroughly -cooked. - -We went through the warehouse of a great canning factory, and it seemed -as though there could not be enough people to eat all that fish, but -Columbia river salmon always finds a market. It is famous everywhere. - - [Illustration: - - El Capitan 3600 ft. - - Bridal Veil Falls - - _Yosemite Falls_ - - The Three Brothers - - THE YOSEMITE VALLEY] - -There is no country in the world which has kept for its people such -playgrounds as we have in the United States. Probably that is because -we are the only people who have an Uncle Sam. A king or an emperor -would never dream of putting great tracts of land aside for his -subjects to enjoy without paying a cent of toll or a penny of taxes, -but our Uncle Sam has given his nephews and nieces hundreds of miles of -the most wonderful land in the world and these huge parks belong to you -and to us just as much as they do to the Astors and Vanderbilts. - -The Yosemite Park is one of the finest of our National Parks. It is -nearly in the center of the state of California. Here you would almost -forget whether it is summer or winter for up on the mountains you are -in the land of perpetual snow, while down in the valley it is like the -finest summer day and birds and flowers are as plentiful as on a June -morning. There are all sorts of trees, too. Some of them are giant -redwood trees, cousins of the big sequoias. As you go higher and higher -in a mountainous country, the trees grow smaller and smaller until they -become dwarfs. Our guide showed us trees fully sixty years old whose -trunks were no larger than a pencil. - -The largest mass of solid rock in the world is in Yosemite Park. The -Indians used to worship it as the great chief of the valley and the -early Spaniards named it El Capitan which means "The Captain." On a -clear day the people in the San Joaquin valley sixty miles away can see -this giant rock. - -The cascades of the Yosemite Park are among the finest on earth. -The Bridal Veil is like a shower of lace or mist and is called "the -birthplace of the rainbow," because there are so many rainbows playing -in the spray. One of the cascades is called by the queer Indian name -of Lung-oo-too-koo-ya. The Yosemite Falls would make Niagara seem like -a dwarf so far as height is concerned, though a much larger volume of -water flows over the rocks at Niagara than at Yosemite Falls. - - [Illustration: - - General Sherman 280 feet high - - Logs on Flat Cars - - The Grizzly Giant Mariposa Grove - - SEQUOIA PARK-CALIFORNIA - - In The Giant Forest] - -Today we Berry Wagon Boys have seen the oldest living thing. It began -to grow at least 2000 years before Christ was born, and will probably -be living thousands of years from now. If it could talk, it could tell -wonderful stories of things it saw when the world was young, but it can -only stand and wave its arms gently when the wind blows, for it is just -a tree. It stands with many other giant cedar trees in Sequoia Park, -California, and until a hunter discovered it in 1879, probably no white -man had ever seen it. This hunter named the tree "General Sherman," -and it surely looks like the commanding officer of this huge tree -regiment. It is a sequoia tree 279 feet high and so large that twenty -men standing with outstretched arms can just reach around it. - -The Grizzly Giant, the biggest sequoia in Yosemite Park, is much more -shaggy-looking and battered than the general, and its heart has been -eaten out by fire, but it is a brave old giant and keeps right on -living in spite of that painful accident. - -The sequoias are named after Sequoyah, a Cherokee Indian who invented -an alphabet and a written language for his tribe. These trees will -surely "keep his name green" long after any other monument would have -turned to dust. The sequoias are sometimes called "the Methuselahs of -the forest," but that old Bible character only lived to be 969 years -old, and these giant trees are mere babies at that age. - -We boys think the sequoia forest the most solemn place we were ever in. -The trees tower up so high above you and make you feel so sort of small -and new and useless! Then there is scarcely a sound, and you cannot -hear your own footsteps on the soft carpet of pine needles. - -It seems dreadful to cut down trees which have been growing so long, -yet occasionally one is made into lumber. After standing for a thousand -years or more in the forest, it must seem strange to be cut into -sections, loaded on flat cars, and started on a journey to some distant -place to be made into ship masts or furniture or some other thing of -which the tree never dreamed when it stood in its home on the slope of -the Sierras. - - [Illustration: - - Hopi Point - - Side Walls of THE GRAND CANYON - - The Cambrian Plateau—_North from Grand View Point_] - -The Grand Canyon of Arizona does not look like a real place. It seems -like a place for giants, everything is so huge and wonderful. It is as -though some great giant had dug his house out of solid rock. He did not -make the walls smooth, but chiseled them out in strange shapes like -castles and towers and temples, and he made the sides so steep that for -thousands of years no human being dared to go down into his cellar. -Instead of leaving the walls gray, he stained them with purples and -pinks and browns and reds, and yellows, so that Joaquin Miller, the -California poet, called the Grand Canyon a "paint pot 218 miles long -and 15 miles wide." Our giant was a thirsty old fellow, so he let the -Colorado river flow through his cellar. When you stand on the rim of -the canyon, the river looks like a little thread of silver ribbon, but -if you were to descend 6000 feet, you would discover that the Colorado -is a wild, dashing, terrible river—so wild that only a few men have -ever tried to launch their boats on it, and some of those few have lost -their lives in the attempt. - -The Indians found several trails leading into the canyon, but they did -not tell their secret to the pale-face. However, when the white men -=did= discover the trails, they spread the good news and now you can go -to the very rim of the canyon in a Pullman car, can stay at a splendid -hotel, and can make the descent to the bottom of the canyon in perfect -safety, for there are guides to lead the way and sure-footed little -donkeys to carry you. The "hurricane deck" of one of these mules is not -the most comfortable place to spend a day, but the views one gets on -the trip are worth all the trouble. These pictures can only give you a -faint idea of the wonders of the Grand Canyon. - -It would be foolish for us to try to describe the scenery because -grown-ups have tried it and failed, but we would like to tell about the -Hopi Indians who live in their funny little huts near the hotel and who -may be seen weaving baskets, making jewelry and pottery, and dancing -their queer dances, but this page will not hold any more words. - - [Illustration: - - OIL FIELDS OF TEXAS - - Opening a Gusher] - -It must have been a pretty dark old world before people found out about -making kerosene from petroleum, for candles and queer little lamps -burning lard, sperm-oil, or camphine, furnished all the light there was -at night. All that time there were great lakes of petroleum down deep -in the earth, but when it oozed out to the surface, people thought it -was a nuisance and often abandoned their greasy farms. Later these same -farms were worth a fortune. - -It was a Pennsylvania man who first decided to bore for oil, and people -thought him a little bit flighty to do such an unheard-of thing. When -his oil well began to spurt out 35 barrels of oil a day, and people -learned how valuable this oil was, the whole country got excited and -in almost every neighborhood someone bored for oil. Of course in many -states they were disappointed, but vast fortunes have been made from -the oil wells of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, -Oklahoma, California, and Texas. - -The Texas oil fields we visited were interesting although very greasy -and smelly. The great derricks made the fields look as though a lot of -war vessels were lying at anchor, for they resemble the masts of modern -battle ships. These derricks hold the heavy steam drills which bore -down into the earth. When a big gusher is struck, it sometimes spurts -out a thousand barrels of oil a day, and you may be sure that no one is -allowed to be careless with matches on the oil fields, for if a gusher -or an oil tank gets afire, it is almost impossible to stop it, and -immense damage is done. - -The oil is piped from the oil fields or taken in huge tanks to some -city to be made into kerosene, gasoline, benzine, and scores of other -useful articles. Nothing is wasted, for from the left-overs, perfumes, -chewing-gum, and lots of other surprising things are made. These are -called by-products. - -On some of the railroads oil is used instead of coal in the engines, -and oil is also used in large quantities to keep the roadbed hard and -free from dust. In many parts of the country there are fine oiled auto -pikes. All of these things take a lot of petroleum, and it is a lucky -thing for America that she is the oiliest country in the world. - - [Illustration: - - THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY IN KENTUCKY & TENNESSEE - - _Seed Head_ - - Curing Barn - - A Field of Ripe Tobacco - - Frame for Hauling Tobacco] - -Among all the sights that Columbus and his men saw in the new world, -nothing amazed them more than to see the Indians "eating fire and -breathing smoke from the nostrils," but evidently the explorers were -not very much afraid to learn the trick from the Indians. When they -went back to Spain they took a lot of tobacco with them, and the -Spanish men and women soon had the smoking habit. It was Sir Walter -Raleigh who started the fashion in the court of Queen Elizabeth in -England. It seems as though he might have found something more useful -to do. The custom grew and spread all over the world. It is lucky for -us that the early explorers did not get the scalping habit along with -the tobacco habit or by this time we Americans would be a scalpless -race! - -The settlers learned from the Indians how to grow the tobacco and -before long the great plantations of Maryland and Virginia were -bringing a lot of wealth to the colonists, and people even paid their -taxes in tobacco. Today it is grown in many states and almost every -land, but the United States raises more than any other country, and -when we speak of the wealth of our nation, we must include tobacco -because its sale here and abroad brings in vast sums of money. - -Tobacco seeds are as small as grains of sand, and we BERRY WAGON BOYS -have held in our hands enough seeds to furnish plants for a large -plantation. A field of tobacco is a beautiful sight, for the plants -grow quite high and have huge, smooth, dark green leaves. When the -leaves grow yellow, the farmers cut off the stalks and hang them on -sticks or wires, and when the leaves are stripped from the stems they -are hauled to the "curing barn" to be "cured" or dried. These barns -are kept hot all of the time, until the leaves are cured when they are -started off to market. - -In many places tobacco is grown under great tents which make the fields -look like an army encampment. - - [Illustration: - - COTTON-FIELDS-OF-ALABAMA - - Cotton Gin - - Cotton Compress] - -A cotton field is a great sight. The plants come up about to our waists -and the fluffy tufts of white cotton pop out of the green pods or bolls -just as chestnuts burst out of their burrs. The negro cotton pickers go -up and down the rows many times, for the cotton does not all ripen at -the same time. - -We saw loads and loads of cotton being taken to the ginhouse where -the cotton gin picks out all the seeds and leaves the snowy cotton -ready to be pressed into bales. The seeds are not wasted for the oil -is pressed out and sold to be used, as olive oil is used in cooking -and salad. Sometimes this oil is sold to men who get mixed in putting -on the labels and instead of marking the bottles of oil with American -labels, they get marked as fancy olive oil from Italy. This must be -very humiliating to the cottonseed oil, for it cannot speak a word of -Italian and is ashamed of the lie that is printed on its front. - -When the cotton is taken out of the gin, it is ready to go to the -compress and be pressed into bales or huge bundles. A bale is about the -size of a traveling man's sample trunk and the cotton is squeezed in so -tightly that the bales have to be wrapped in burlap and bound with iron -bands to keep the cotton from bursting out. These great bales weigh -about five hundred pounds and we have seen the river boats loaded down -to the water's edge and railroad stations piled high with them. They -are sent to the cotton mills in various parts of our own country and -in foreign lands to be made into cloth. People all over the world use -cloth that once grew on our southern plantations. When we learned this, -we looked at the fluffy tufts with new interest. Perhaps this tuft -would be woven into a Kimona for a Japanese girl. Maybe that one would -someday be in the sail of a fishing boat off New Foundland or a tent on -the Sahara Desert, or a sheet on a hospital cot in San Francisco or New -York. - -Cotton is grown some in other countries, but American cotton is -considered the best and brings in great wealth to our Uncle Sam. - - [Illustration: - - Reading Room Library of Congress - - Arlington Cemetery - - South Front of White House - - Lincoln Memorial - - Mount Vernon - - CITY OF WASHINGTON] - -In SEEING AMERICA FIRST, we have left Washington till the last just as -you have cake and ice cream to wind up a dinner. - -The capitol is like a great marble palace and it would be easy to get -lost in those long corridors. We saw the House of Representatives with -the congressmen sitting at their desks like grown-up schoolboys in a -very handsome school-room. We climbed into the huge dome, and we went -into the Senate Chamber. The most impressive place was the Supreme -Court with the Chief Justices in their long black silk robes. We -wondered how people ever dared to break any American laws. - -We walked a mile on Pennsylvania Avenue to get to the White House, -where the President lives and has his business offices. It certainly is -a fine place and its grounds and rooms are very grand and stately. - -The American flag never looked better to us than when we saw it -floating at Arlington, the National Cemetery, where 16000 soldiers are -buried. Our country honors its heroes here and by many fine monuments, -and buildings, in the parks and squares of Washington. Some of these, -like the Lincoln Memorial, are very fine. - -If a person were very old and had seen all the sights in the world, he -might possibly auto over 200 miles of smooth pavement in Washington, -visit the Capitol, White House, Department Buildings, and Arlington -without having a thrill, but it would be a dried-up old Methuselah who -could go through the Library of Congress without getting excited. We -heard a man say as he stood on the great stairway, "It is so wonderful -that it takes all my words away!" - -Best of all was our trip to Mount Vernon, the home of Washington -for forty years. It is an old-fashioned white colonial house on the -banks of the Potomac river. We walked through halls where Washington -had walked, saw the queer old kitchen and brick oven where his meals -were cooked, the dining room and banquet hall where the Washingtons -entertained, and the room where "The Father of his Country" died. He -is buried out in the garden he loved so well and thousands of tourists -visit the spot each year. - -We Berry Wagon Boys are as proud of being Americans first as we are of -SEEING AMERICA FIRST! We hope that all American boys and girls feel -just the same about it. - -[Illustration] - - - - -TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: - - - Text in italics is surrounded with underscores: _italics_. - - Emboldened text is surrounded with equals signs: =bold=. - - Inconsistencies in spelling and punctuation have been standardized. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Seeing America First, by Eleanor Colby - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEEING AMERICA FIRST *** - -***** This file should be named 55713-0.txt or 55713-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/7/1/55713/ - -Produced by ellinora, David E. 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