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diff --git a/old/55585-0.txt b/old/55585-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9fe9a72..0000000 --- a/old/55585-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4193 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition and -Proof Reading in the Government Printing , by United States Government Printing Office - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Manual of Style governing Composition and Proof Reading in the Government Printing Office - -Author: United States Government Printing Office - -Release Date: September 20, 2017 [EBook #55585] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MANUAL OF STYLE *** - - - - -Produced by deaurider, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. - Strikethru text is denoted by ++double plus signs++. - A small box representing a space is denoted by the ▢ symbol. - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example A^1 or ^{cm}. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - - MANUAL OF STYLE - - GOVERNING - - COMPOSITION AND PROOF READING - - IN THE - - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. - - PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER. - - WASHINGTON: - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. - 1894. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Page. - - ABBREVIATIONS 8 - - BILL STYLE 25-28 - - CAPITALIZATION 9-16 - - COMPOUNDING 17 - - COURT WORK 22 - - FOLLOW--FOLLOW LIT 22 - - GENERAL TESTIMONY 23 - - GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 7 - - GREEK ACCENTS 40 - - GREEK ALPHABET 40 - - GREEK CASE 40 - - JOURNAL WORK 29-32 - - MATHEMATICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND PHYSICAL SIGNS 39 - - MISCELLANEOUS 24 - - ORTHOGRAPHY 7 - - PREFACE 5 - - STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS 39 - - SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS 6 - - SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, READERS, AND REVISERS 33-38 - - TABULAR WORK 19-21 - - USE OF FIGURES 18 - - USE OF ITALIC 23 - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Clear and positive rules for composition and proof reading are -needed in printing offices to prevent confusion and unnecessary -delay and expense. Inflexible rules for style in all works can -not be given, but for the general work of the Government Printing -Office the rules herein contained will be observed. When important -changes are to be made, written or printed instructions will be -furnished or there will be a special preparation of copy. - -All persons connected with the typographical divisions of this -office are requested to preserve this book and study carefully and -well the rules and suggestions offered for their guidance. - -Department editors are requested to make their copy conform as -nearly as possible to the style here presented, and to specify -fully when sending work to this office any general deviation -therefrom that may be desired. - - - - -SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. - - -Authors are advised to so prepare their copy that it can be clearly -understood by the printer. Nothing should be left for conjecture. -Measurable perfection can be secured by first transcribing copy on -the typewriter, and before releasing it for publication giving it -as careful revision as is afterwards given proof sheets. In the -end this will not only save time, but Department printing funds -frequently exhausted in making author’s corrections in proof will -be available for other work. Typewritten copy is always preferable, -when not on paper too thin, but plain copy is absolutely essential -to good work. - -The following are offered as suggestions which, if heeded, will -enable this office to achieve the best results: - -1. All paragraphs should be clearly marked on copy, thus avoiding -vexatious misprints due to overrunning in proof. - -2. Objects, photographs, or drawings for illustration should -accompany manuscript. Each should bear the name of the publication -to which it belongs, together with the figure or plate number, and -necessary titles or legends for the same should be inserted at the -proper place in copy. A complete list of plates and figures should -always accompany the paper. - -3. When a work is made up of several parts, or papers, a carefully -prepared schedule of the desired arrangement should be forwarded -with the manuscript. - -4. Proper names and technical terms should be plainly and carefully -written, using CAPITAL letters if necessary, and each should be -verified before the copy is sent to the printer. - -5. Details of capitalization and punctuation may be safely left to -the printers and proof readers. It is part of their profession; -they make a study of the subject, and will generally meet the -author’s taste. - -6. Write only on one side of the paper. When printed matter -covering more than one side of a sheet is used as copy, a DUPLICATE -should be furnished; otherwise much trouble is caused in cutting. - -7. When, as an afterthought, new matter making more than a line is -inserted, it should be written on a separate sheet and the place -for its insertion clearly indicated. - -8. Galley proofs will be furnished when desired. It is important -that all corrections be made on the first proofs; later ones should -be used only for purposes of verification. - -9. Corrections in stereotype or electrotype plates usually do -more harm than good. They weaken the plate and render new errors -probable through damaged letters. - -10. Authors and compilers are requested to direct those handling -their manuscript to transmit the same to the Printing Office in -flat form--never to roll it if it can be avoided. - - - - -RULES GOVERNING WORK IN THE DOCUMENT DIVISIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT -PRINTING OFFICE. - -(Adopted December 3, 1894.) - - - - -ORTHOGRAPHY. - - -1. Follow Webster’s International Dictionary. - -2. Observe the spelling of the following words: - - Arapahoe - Arapahoes - Navajo - Navajoes - upward - downward - backward - forward - toward - aftward - afterwards - draft, drafting, etc. - manila (city and product) - canyon - embed - waterway - employee - missfire - farther (distance) - further (other than distance) - -3. Use the following forms of words: - - O. K. - taggers tin - feet, B. M. - Anderson & Co.’s invoice - 5 by (not x) 10 inches - by day (not day’s) labor - State (not State’s) prison - quartermaster stores - one-fourth (where ¼ is marked “spell” in copy) - Jones’s (possessive) - can not - waterworks - waterway - cattleman - -4. Omit the dieresis in such words as reexamine, cooperation, -preemption, zoology. - -5. The following is a list of words in common use in which accented -letters occur. Follow it, except in works of the United States -Geological Survey and United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in -which no accented letters are permissible: - - attaché - bête noir - blasé - Champs Élysées - chargé d’affaires - confrère - coup d’état - coup de grâce - débris - élite - en arriére - en échelon - en déshabille - en règle - entrée - entrepôt - eozoon - exposé - façade - fête champêtre - garçon - matériel (Fr.) - mêlée - née - papier mâché - procés verbal - protégé - régime - résumé - rôle - rôle d’équipage - - - - -GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. - - -1. In the spelling of geographic names give preference as follows: -Decisions of the United States Board on Geographic Names, United -States Postal Guide, Lippincott’s Gazetteer, and Rand, McNally & -Co.’s Atlas, in the order named. - -2. The following are the general rules governing the decisions of -the Board on Geographic Names: - - The possessive apostrophe is dropped. - The final “h” is dropped from names ending in “burgh”: Pittsburg, - not Pittsburgh. - Names ending in “borough” are contracted to “boro”: Boonsboro, not - Boonsborough. - Names are not compounded: Alluwe, not Al-lu-we; Hongkong, not - Hong-Kong. - “C. H.” is omitted as part of the names of county seats: Fairfax, - not Fairfax C. H. - Spell Center, not Centre. - Accented letters are not used, except in rare instances, as Curaçao; - Réunion; St. François. - - - - -ABBREVIATIONS. - - -1. Follow Postal-Guide contractions for States and Territories -(except Oregon, for which use Oreg.) after names of forts, -barracks, arsenals, navy-yards, naval stations, post-offices, -counties, military or Indian reservations, and Indian agencies. -Note the following examples: - - Fort Barrancas, Fla. - Vancouver Barracks, Wash. - Rock Island Arsenal, Ill. - League Island Navy-Yard, Pa. - Key West Naval Station, Fla. - Albany, N. Y. - Hudson County, N. J. - Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev. - Pine Ridge Agency, S. Dak. - Springfield Armory, Mass. - Fort Myer Military Reservation, Va. - - -POSTAL-GUIDE CONTRACTIONS. - - Alabama Ala. - Alaska Territory Alaska - Arizona Territory Ariz. - Arkansas Ark. - California Cal. - Colorado Colo. - Connecticut Conn. - Delaware Del. - District of Columbia D. C. - Florida Fla. - Georgia Ga. - Idaho Idaho - Illinois Ill. - Indiana Ind. - Indian Territory Ind. T. - Iowa Iowa - Kansas Kans. - Kentucky Ky. - Louisiana La. - Maine Me. - Maryland Md. - Massachusetts Mass. - Michigan Mich. - Minnesota Minn. - Mississippi Miss. - Missouri Mo. - Montana Mont. - Nebraska Nebr. - Nevada Nev. - New Hampshire N. H. - New Jersey N. J. - New Mexico Territory N. Mex. - New York N. Y. - North Carolina N. C. - North Dakota N. Dak. - Ohio Ohio - Oklahoma Territory Okla. - Oregon Oregon - Pennsylvania Pa. - Rhode Island R. I. - South Carolina S. C. - South Dakota S. Dak. - Tennessee Tenn. - Texas Tex. - Utah Territory Utah - Vermont Vt. - Virginia Va. - Washington Wash. - West Virginia W. Va. - Wisconsin Wis. - Wyoming Wyo. - -2. Titles of courtesy and professional titles preceding names will -be contracted or spelled according to the following list: - - Mr. - Messrs. - Mrs. - Dr. - Professor (with surname) - Prof. (with Christian name) - Rev. (the Reverend) - Right Rev. - Very Rev. - Hon. (the Honorable) - Right Hon. - * M. (monsieur) - * MM. (messieurs) - * Mme. (madame) - * Mlle. (mademoiselle) - * Mgr. (monsignor) - * Sig. (signor) - * Signora - * Signorita - * Señor - * Señorita - * Señora - * Herr - - NOTE.--When any of the titles marked with an asterisk, with or - without the Christian name, precedes “de,” use lower-case “d;” - otherwise use capital “D.” This rule applies also to “du,” “von,” - “van,” etc. - -3. Military and official titles preceding names will be spelled -out in text when the Christian name or initial is not used, but in -tabular work and where the Christian name or initial is used the -annexed list will be the guide: - - President - Governor - Supt. - Bvt. (brevet) - Army titles: - Gen. - Lieut. Gen. - Maj. Gen. - Brig. Gen. - Adjt. Gen. - Surg. Gen. - Judge-Advocate-Gen. - Insp. Gen. - Com. Gen. - Q. M. Gen. - P. M. Gen. - Col. - Lieut. Col. - Maj. - Surg. - Chaplain - Capt. - Asst. Surg. - First Lieut. - Second Lieut. - Sergt. Maj. - Hosp. Steward - Com. Sergt. - Q. M. Sergt. - Ord. (ordnance) Sergt. - Sergt. - First Sergt. - Second Sergt. - Orderly-Sergt. - Corpl. - Private - Musician - Navy titles: - Admiral - Vice-Admiral - Rear-Admiral - Commodore - Capt. - Commander - Lieut. Commander - Lieut. - Lieut. (Junior Grade) - Ensign - Surg. - P. A. Surg., etc. - Asst. Surg. - Chief Engineer - Chaplain - -4. Distinguishing titles and college degrees, following names, will -always be contracted, as jr., sr., esq.; Ph. D., LL. D.; U. S. A., -U. S. N. (See also under “CAPITALIZATION.”) - - NOTE.--The contractions “U. S. A.” and “U. S. N.,” for United - States Army and United States Navy will be used when so written. - When written “U. S. Army” or “U. S. Navy,” spell in full, as-- - - John L. Worden, U. S. N. - R. W. Meade, United States Navy. - N. A. Miles, U. S. A. - G. G. Crook, United States Army. - -5. In parenthetic references to books use “p.” and “pp.” for page -and pages, and “sec.” and “secs.” for section and sections. - -6. “St.” will be used for Saint, but Fort and Mount will not be -abbreviated. - -7. Use “etc.” instead of “&c.” Use the character “&” in firm names, -but not in titles of companies having geographic or commercial -words as part of the corporate name, nor in literary, scientific, -artistic, or musical companionships. Examples: - - Smith & Brown. - George W. Johnson & Co. - William Greene & Bro. - Wigton Bros. & Co. - Harlan & Hollingsworth Company. - Brown & Jones Mining and Milling Company. - Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. - Washington and Norfolk Steamboat Company. - Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company. - Washington Flour and Feed Company. - Eastern and Western Transportation Company. - Gilbert and Sullivan. - Cuvier and Valenciennes. - Hay and Nicolay. - -8. Comprehensive examples of the use of the word “Company” and its -contraction “Co.” are given above. (See also “Contractions” under -“TABULAR WORK.”) - -9. Do not use abbreviation “U. S.” except in connection with naval -and other vessels of the Government, as U. S. S. _Kearsarge_, U. -S. gunboat _Katahdin_, U. S. monitor _Miantonomoh_, U. S. torpedo -boat _Ericsson_, U. S. light-house tender _Maple_, etc.; but the -contraction may be used in signature and address lines where -extreme length makes it desirable. - -10. Set references to scriptural texts as follows: Genesis xv, 24; -II Samuel viii, 9-13; St. Matthew vii, 5. - -11. Streets of the District of Columbia: Fifth street NW.; Florida -avenue NE.; Four-and-a-half street SW. - -12. Where compass directions are contracted, use the forms NE., -NNW., etc. - -13. Use “F.” for Fahrenheit and “C.” for centigrade when -temperatures are given. - -14. Use “Pl.” and “Fig.” for plate and figure before roman -numerals, as Pl. VI, Fig. XII; “pl.” and “fig.” before figures, as -pl. 6, fig. 12. - -15. Use “Rev. Stat.” for Revised Statutes, and “Stat. L.” for -Statutes at Large, in citations. - -16. Set abbreviations for section, township, range, etc., thus: SE. -¼ sec. 5, T. 9 N., R. 2 E. - -17. Use “loc. cit.” for loco citato; “op. cit.” for opere citato; -“sp. gr.” for specific gravity, and “sp. nov.” for species nova. - -18. Where the metric system of weights and measures is used, follow -copy, and where contractions occur use roman lower-case or superior -letters, according to indicated preference, as “cm. or ^{cm},” for -centimeter; “mm. or ^{mm},” for millimeter; “c. c. or ^{cc},” for -cubic centimeter. - -19. After “per cent” and “viz” omit the period. - -20. References to Congressional documents: House Ex. Doc. No. 6, -Forty-seventh Congress, second session; Senate Mis. Doc. No. 10, -Forty-sixth Congress, first session. - -21. Use “_v._” (_versus_) in all cases except “fol.” and “fol. lit.” - -22. The symbol “m/n,” used in connection with South American -financial statements, will be spelled “national money,” in -parentheses, immediately following the amount, as $146 (national -money); Rs. 146 (national money). - -23. English money will be expressed by the use of the symbols “£” -“s.” “d.” when amounts are given, as £227 14s. 6d. - -(See also “Contractions” under “TABULAR WORK,” “Supreme Court -records,” and “Court of Claims opinions, briefs, and decisions.”) - - - - -CAPITALIZATION. - - -1. Use caps for roman numerals designating pages, chapters, -articles, or plates. - -2. Use caps for college degrees, viz, D. D., Ph. D., LL. D., A. M., -B. A., etc. - -3. Use lower-case “r” in Sr. and Jr., and “sq.” in Esq. in -addresses and signatures. - -4. Capitalize, both singular and plural, “department,” “bureau,” -“survey,” “corps,” and “service,” when referring to an Executive -Department or important bureau, of the United States Government; -“congress,” referring to the United States Congress; “house,” -referring to the United States Senate or House of Representatives. - -5. Capitalize, singular and plural, Senator, Representative, -Delegate, and Member of the United States Congress and the -principal officers of both Houses. Observe the following: - - Architect of the Capitol - President - Secretary - Chaplain - Sergeant-at-Arms - Speaker - Clerk - Doorkeeper - -6. Capitalize the legislative bodies, with their sections, of -Governments: - - Parliament - House of Lords - House of Commons - the Lords - the Commons - the Reichstag - Rigsdag - Reichsrath - National Assembly - Corps Législatif - Bundesrath - Skupshtina - Cortes - Legislature (Hawaii) - the Right - the Center - the Left - States-General (Holland) - -7. The words “president,” “king,” “queen,” “czar,” “emperor,” etc., -when used definitely and referring to rulers of countries, should -be capitalized, as the President, the Emperor, the Emperor of -China, the Chinese Emperor, etc. - -8. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Example: -Solomon says, “Pride goeth before destruction.” Do not capitalize -such indirect quotations as “a wise man says that pride goeth -before destruction.” - -9. Capitalize the first word of such indirect quotations as the -following, but do not quote: - - The orator’s chief thought was, How shall we pay the debt? - The penitent’s cry was, What shall I do to be saved? - The subject for debate was, Which is the greater, the pen or the - sword? - -10. Capitalize all commissions and boards authorized by act -of Congress when given in full, singular and plural, as Fish -Commission, Civil Service Commission, Mississippi River Commission, -District of Columbia Board of Commissioners, Light-House Board, -etc.; also the words “commission,” “commissioner,” and “board” -where standing alone and referring to the above. - -11. Capitalize all words denoting the Deity; “Reformation” (the), -“Revolution” (1776), “Revolutionary war,” “French Revolution.” - -12. Capitalize the words “army” and “navy” only when they mean the -entire Army and Navy of the United States, and lower-case when used -as adjectives. Examples: - - The troops were supplied with army saddles and blankets. - The army before Nashville was commanded by General Thomas. - He spoke for the Army and Navy, as well as the Administration. - Their clothes were made of navy cloth, and their general appearance - was that of navy officials. - He is at the head of the American Navy and conversant with - everything pertaining to navy affairs. - -13. When any word is used specifically as a synonym for -“Government” and refers to any nation, as “crown,” “empire,” -“kingdom,” “republic,” “administration,” or “state,” capitalize it, -singular or plural. When indefinite or applied to dependencies, -lower-case it. Examples: - - The Government of the United States, which Government is the best - of Governments. - President Cleveland’s Administration compared favorably with - preceding Administrations. - His estates were forfeited to the Crown, and his jewels were used - to adorn the King’s crown. - Upon the fall of the French Empire, the Empire of Germany was - proclaimed. - France, as a republic, strengthened the Republics of the world; - as an empire, it weakened them. - -14. Capitalize “state,” “territory,” “district” (applied to a -Federal district, as District of Alaska, District of Columbia), -“canton” (in Switzerland), “province” (in Canada and Australia), -etc., both singular and plural, when referring to administrative -divisions of any country. - -15. When the word “state” is used in contradistinction to “church,” -lower-case it, as “A union of church and state;” also “secretary of -state of New York,” “state policy,” “affairs of state,” etc. - -16. Capitalize heads of Departments and Bureaus (of the United -States Government only), but lower-case division and section -officers. - -17. Capitalize names of political parties: Republicans, Democrats, -Tories, Home Rulers, Populists, People’s Party, Prohibition party, -Prohibitionists, Farmers’ Alliance, Liberals, etc. - -18. Capitalize names of societies: Odd Fellows, B’nai B’rith, etc. - -19. Capitalize names of geological ages, eras, and periods: - - Ages: - Archæan - Paleozoic - Cenozoic - Eras: - Lower Silurian - Upper Silurian - Devonian - Carboniferous - Mesozoic - Jura-Trias - Jurassic-- - Lias - Oolite - Purbeck - Triassic-- - Lower - Middle - Upper - Rhætic - Cretaceous-- - Lower - Tertiary - Quaternary - Post-Tertiary - Azoic - Ezoic - Cambrian - Periods: - Calciferous - Chazy - Corniferous - Subcarboniferous - Carboniferous - Permian - Eocene - Oligocene - Miocene - Pliocene - Glacial - Recent - -20. Capitalize all designations in connection with capital letters -or roman numerals, as Title XV, Schedule C, Finding VI, Exhibit K, -Statement B, Article IV, Art. V, Chapter IX, Chap. XI, Volume XX, -Vol. X, Section VII, Sec. VI, etc.; but lower-case when used with -figures, as chapter 10, volume 5, chap. 8, vol. 2, etc. “Exhibit,” -“Appendix,” and “Table” will be capitalized in all cases when -preceding numerals or figures. - -21. Capitalize the principal words in full titles of books, plays, -and pictures, but do not quote. Also short titles of books, when -in the singular, as Brown’s Grammar, Bancroft’s History, Webster’s -Dictionary, etc. When referring to a subject in a book, quote, but -capitalize only the first word. - -22. Capitalize “Presidential,” “Congressional,” “Senatorial,” and -“Territorial,” referring to the President, Congress, Senate, and a -Territory of the United States. - -23. Signature and address names will be set in caps and small caps, -with title or direction following in italics, in the same line if -not over half the line is used for the purpose; otherwise hanging -two ems or more. Capitalize principal words in lines connected with -signatures and addresses. Make signatures and addresses compact, -using partially filled lines where the contiguous matter is open -enough to give a signature proper prominence. It is well to have a -white line between text and signature, but this is not imperative; -general appearance must govern. Signatures are placed at the right -of the page, indented 1, 3, or 5 ems from the right, as may be -necessary; addresses are placed to the left, flush if at the top of -a paper, indented one em if at the bottom, italic lines following -indented as much as necessary to a good appearance. Do not use -slugs to separate dash lines from signature or address lines where -the dash will bear off one or more blank lines if solid. The -following examples cover the most common forms: - - the Clerk of the House of Representatives on the 4th day of December, - A. D. 1893. - - ▢▢▢Very respectfully, JAMES KERR,▢▢▢ - _Clerk of the House of Representatives_.▢ - - ▢Hon. CHARLES F. CRISP, - ▢▢▢_Speaker of the House of Representatives_. - - - ▢▢▢I am, very respectfully, yours, etc., - JOHN RANDOLPH,▢▢▢ - _Assistant Clerk Court of Claims_.▢ - - - disposed of, both as a record of the fact and as a limitation of the - authority conferred. - - ▢▢▢(Signed) JOHN S. HENDERSON,▢▢▢ - JNO. A. CALDWELL, - _Committee on the part of the House of Representatives_.▢ - [Observe lead.] WM. F. VILAS, - JAMES MCMILLAN, - _Committee on the part of the Senate_.▢ - - - bia, on account of the sewer debt of the District of Columbia to the - United States. - - ▢▢▢Very respectfully, - A. C. MATTHEWS,▢▢▢ - _Comptroller_. - By J. R. GARRISON, - _Deputy Comptroller_.▢ - ▢JOHN JAY, _Washington, D. C._ - - - report, which has been received, and is herewith transmitted with my - concurrence. - - ▢▢▢Respectfully, yours, - J. G. CARLISLE, _Secretary_. - ▢Hon. GEORGE D. WISE, - ▢▢▢_Chairman Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, - House of Representatives_. - - - Brig. Gen. THOMAS L. CASEY, - ▢▢_Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., Washington, D. C._ - - ▢DEAR SIR: - * * * * * - of Maryland, this 28th day of May, A. D. 1885. - ▢[SEAL.] T. WATKINS LIGON.▢ - ▢By the governor: - ▢▢▢NATHANIEL COX, _Secretary of State_. - - - the day and year first above written. - J. M. WILBUR. [SEAL.]▢ - BARTLETT, ROBINS & CO.▢[SEAL.]▢ - ▢In presence of-- - ▢▢▢A. T. BROWN. - A. B. W. DEW. - - - ▢▢▢I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, - C. G. SAWTELLE,▢▢▢ - _Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Military Division of the Gulf_.▢ - ▢Maj. Gen. M. C. MEIGS, - ▢▢▢_Quartermaster-General United States Army, Washington, D. C._ - - - ▢▢▢I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient - servant, - S. P. LANGLEY, _Secretary_.▢ - -NOTE.--In cases like the two preceding observe use of lead between -text line and signature. - -24. Titles preceding names will always be capitalized: Senior -Warden Brown; Grand Master Williamson; Master Workman Sovereign; -Sergeant Murphy; Private O’Donnell; Boatswain Given; Tinsmith -Harris, etc. - -25. Lower-case participles derived from proper names, such as -anglicized, frenchified, romanized, gallicized; also adjective or -qualifying nouns indirectly derived from and compounded with proper -names, as tropical, arctic, transatlantic, etc. - -26. Geographic zones or sections of the world, when used as proper -nouns, take the capital, as the Tropics, the Arctics, the Levant, -the Orient. When used as adjectives, use lower-case, as antarctic -ice, tropical plants, oriental customs, levantine silk, morocco -or russia leather, china or wedgwood pottery. Such words as india -rubber, india ink, paris green, london purple, prussian blue, -venetian red, roman type, gothic letter (but Gothic architecture), -that describe things and are also used as nouns, do not take the -capital, although they are, or are derived from, proper names. - -27. Capitalize titles clearly intended as synonyms of proper names. -Examples: - - You will go, Major, to New York. - I am anxious about our friend, the Captain. - Mr. Speaker, I rise to a point of order. - I am, General, your obedient servant. - -28. Titles not clearly used as synonyms, or when used in a general -way, will not be capitalized. Examples: - - He was taken before the judge. - The captain was breveted. - -29. Where the word “o’clock” occurs in phrases or headlines -involving the use of capitals, always set it “o’clock;” never use -the form o’Clock, O’Clock, or O’clock. - -30. In caps-and-small-caps cross headings, or headings of any kind -in which capitals are used, capitalize principal words. [Copy -preparers will take full responsibility for uniformity in this -matter and mark copy plainly.] - -31. In tables of contents which are set in small caps capitalize -only the first word and proper names. - -32. Capitalize the titles of standing and select committees of the -Senate and House of Representatives of the United States and the -different forms of the same, both singular and plural, as Committee -on Ways and Means; Ways and Means Committees. The following list -gives the official nomenclature of Congressional committees, with -the proper capitalization: - -HOUSE. - - Committee on-- - Elections. - Ways and Means. - Appropriations. - the Judiciary. - Banking and Currency. - Coinage, Weights, and Measures. - Interstate and Foreign Commerce. - Rivers and Harbors. - Merchant Marine and Fisheries. - Agriculture. - Foreign Affairs. - Military Affairs. - Naval Affairs. - the Post-Office and Post-Roads. - the Public Lands. - Indian Affairs. - the Territories. - Railways and Canals. - Manufactures. - Mines and Mining. - Public Buildings and Grounds. - the Pacific Railroads. - Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River. - Education. - Labor. - the Militia. - Patents. - Invalid Pensions. - Pensions. - Claims. - War Claims. - Private Land Claims. - the District of Columbia. - the Revision of the Laws. - Reform in the Civil Service. - Election of President and Vice-President and Representatives - in Congress. - Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. - Irrigation of Arid Lands. - Immigration and Naturalization. - Ventilation and Acoustics. - Expenditures in the State Department. - Expenditures in the Treasury Department. - Expenditures in the War Department. - Expenditures in the Navy Department. - Expenditures in the Post-Office Department. - Expenditures in the Interior Department. - Expenditures in the Department of Justice. - Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture. - Expenditures on Public Buildings. - Rules. - Accounts. - Mileage. - the Library (also Joint Committee on). - Printing (also Joint Committee on). - Enrolled Bills (also Joint Committee on). - Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire into the Status of Laws - Organizing the Executive Departments. - Joint Commission on Disposition of Useless Papers in Executive - Departments. - -SENATE. - - Committee-- - on Agriculture and Forestry. - on Appropriations. - to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. - on the Census. - on Civil Service and Retrenchment. - on Claims. - on Coast Defenses. - on Commerce. - on the District of Columbia. - on Education and Labor. - on Engrossed Bills. - on Enrolled Bills. - on Epidemic Diseases. - to Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service. - on Finance. - on Fisheries. - on Foreign Relations. - on Immigration. - on Improvement of the Mississippi River and its Tributaries. - on Indian Affairs. - on Indian Depredations. - on Interstate Commerce. - on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. - on the Judiciary. - on the Library. - on Manufactures. - on Military Affairs. - on Mines and Mining. - on Naval Affairs. - on Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive - Departments. - on Pacific Railroads. - on Patents. - on Pensions. - on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. - on Printing. - on Private Land Claims. - on Privileges and Elections. - on Public Buildings and Grounds. - on Public Lands. - on Railroads. - on Relations with Canada. - on the Revision of the Laws of the United States. - on Revolutionary Claims. - on Rules. - on Territories. - on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. - Select Committee-- - to Investigate the Condition of the Potomac River Front of - Washington. - to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United States - against the Government of Nicaragua. - on Woman Suffrage. - on Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress. - on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. - on Transportation and Sale of Meat Products. - to Establish the University of the United States. - on the Quadro-Centennial. - to Investigate the Geological Survey. - on National Banks. - on Forest Reservations. - on Corporations in the District of Columbia. - to Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands. - on Ford Theater Disaster. - -33. Capitalize “county,” “township,” and “ward” (singular form -only), when used with the proper name. - -34. Capitalize “river,” “bay,” “cape,” “harbor,” “mount,” “island,” -etc. (singular form only), when used with the proper name. - -35. Capitalize such words as “building,” “asylum,” “bridge,” -“bank,” “school,” “hospital,” etc. (singular form only), when used -with the proper name. - -36. The following list will be found convenient as a guide to -capitalization: - - Absentee Shawnees. - Act, Thurman, Tucker, etc. - Acting Secretary of the Senate. - Acting Secretary of State, etc. - Administration (National). - Admiral. - Admiralty (British). - Agency, Chippewa, etc. - Agricultural Report. - Albany Penitentiary. - Appendix IV. - Appendix A. - Appointment Office. - Aqueduct, Washington, etc. - Aqueduct Bridge. - Army Gun Factory. - Army: - General of the - Lieutenant-General of the - Major-General Commanding the - Adjutant-General (’s Office). - Inspector-General (’s Office). - Judge-Advocate-General. - Quartermaster-General (’s Office). - Commissary-General of Subsistence. - Surgeon-General (’s Office). - Paymaster-General (’s Office). - Chief of Engineers. - Chief Signal Officer. - Chief of Ordnance. - Regular Army. - Volunteer Army. - Army Medical Museum. - army officer, nurse, wagon, etc. - Architect of the Capitol. - Architect of the Treasury Department. - Armory (Springfield). - Arsenal, Rock Island, etc. - Articles of War. - article of war, sixty-second. - Artillery School (United States). - assembly, Pennsylvania - Assistant Attorney-General (United States). - Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office. - Assistant Commissioner of Patents. - Assistant Postmaster-General, First, Second, etc. - Assistant Secretary of the Interior, etc. - Associated Press. - Atlantic Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country). - Attorney-General. - Auditor, First, Second, etc. - Auditor of Railroad Accounts. - Band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokees. - Bank, Central, etc. - Bay, Chesapeake, etc. - Bethlehem Iron Works. - Bible or Scriptures. - Black Friday. - Board (when definite). - Board of Engineers. - Board of General Appraisers. - Board of Ordnance and Fortification. - board of public works (District of Columbia). - Board of Underwriters (New York). - Board of Managers of the Soldiers’ Home. - Board of Trade of Philadelphia, etc. - Board on Geographic Names. - Book of Estimates. - Botanist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Botanic Garden. - Bowman Act. - Building, Winder, etc. - buildings, Winder and Logan - building, Treasury, etc. - Bureau (when definite). - Bureau of Accounts (and all other bureaus of the Navy Department). - Cabinet, the - Calendar, the - Calendar of Bills and Resolutions. - Calendar, Private. - Capitol Grounds. - Capitol, the - Capitol police. - Carnegie Steel Works. - Cavalry and Infantry School (United States). - Census Bulletin No. 420. - Census, Tenth, Eleventh, etc. - central Ohio. - Chairman (Committee of the Whole). - Chairman of the Light-House Board. - Chamber (of House or Senate). - Charles II of England. - Chemist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Cherokee Strip or Outlet. - Chief of the Bureau of, etc. - Chief Clerk, House or Senate. - Chief Intelligence Officer. - Chief of the Record and Pension Division. - Chief Justice (of United States Supreme Court). - Chief Magistrate. - Christian. - Christianity. - Christendom. - Christianize. - Church, the Methodist, etc. (denomination) - Church, St. Aloysius, etc. (congregation) - church, St. Paul’s (building) - Circle, Iowa, etc. (as a park) - cisatlantic, etc. - City of Mexico. - Civil Service Commission (ers). - Clerk of the House. - Coast and Geodetic Survey. - Code, the Mississippi - College, Columbia, etc. - Colonel Commandant (Marine Corps). - Commissioner of Patents, etc. - Commissioners of District of Columbia. - Comptroller, First, Second, etc. - Comptroller of the Currency. - Confederate States. - Consular Bureau. - Congressional. - Congressional Directory. - Congressional Library. - Constitution (United States). - Continent, the (Europe) - Contract Office. - Corps of Engineers. - Corps of Judge-Advocates. - Council, Choctaw. - County, Clarion, etc. - Court of Claims. - Court of Private Land Claims. - Court of St. James. - court of appeals. - Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. - Crown (referring to Government). - Dalles, The - Dam No. 4. - Day, Thanksgiving, Independence, Memorial, etc. - Dead-Letter Office. - Delegate (in Congress). - Democrat. - Department of Justice. - Deputy Second Auditor, etc. - Diplomatic Bureau. - Director of the Geological Survey, etc. - district: - First assembly - Fifth Congressional - Third light-house - District of Columbia Jail. - Dome (of Capitol). - Dominion of Canada. - Du Pont Powder Works. - Eastern States, the - Eastern Continent. - Eastern Hemisphere. - eastern New York, etc. - Electoral Commission. - Engine No. 6. - Engineer in Chief. - Engineer Corps. - Engineer Department. - Entomologist, the (Agr. Dept.) - Evangelical Alliance. - Executive, the - Executive order. - Executive Departments. - executive department (one of the three coordinate departments of - the Government). - Executive Document No. 95. - Federal Government. - Fish Commission (er). - Forty-seventh Congress. - Fourth of July. - Freedman’s Savings Bank. - General Government. - Gentile. - General Assembly (Presbyterian Church). - General Superintendent of Life-Saving Service. - Geological Survey. - gospel. - governor. - Government: - Imperial - Royal - Federal - General - National - British, etc. - Government of Great Britain. - Government Hospital for the Insane. - Governor-General (of Canada). - Grand Army post. (But Post No. 63, etc.) - Great Lakes. - Gulf Coast (section of country). - Gulf, the (Gulf of Mexico) - Hague, The - Hall (of the House). - Hall, Statuary (of Capitol) - Harbor, Boston, etc. - Headquarters of the Army. - Health Bureau. - Her Majesty the Queen. - His Excellency the President. - His Excellency Li Hung Chang. - his excellency the governor. - His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. - Home and Branch (singular or plural, referring to Soldiers’ Home). - Hospital, Providence, etc. - Hotel, Metropolitan, etc. - House Calendar. - House Executive Document No. 12. - House, Ebbitt, etc. - Howard University. - Hydrographic Office. - imperial edict. - india rubber. - Isthmus, the (of Panama) - Journal Clerk. - Journal of the House (or Senate). - Lafayette, General - la Fayette, Marquis de - Lafayette County. - Lakes Erie and Huron. - legislature, Connecticut, etc. - Lake Michigan. - Librarian of Congress. - Library of Congress. - Life-Saving Service. - Light-House Board. - light-house district, Fourth, etc. - Line, Cunard, etc. - london purple. - Long Bridge. - lower House of Congress. - Lower Mississippi. - Mall, the - Marine Corps. - Marine-Hospital Service. - Medical Corps. - Medical Department (Army or Navy). - Members and Delegates. - Merino (sheep). - merino (goods, wool, etc.). - Metropolitan police. - Microscopist, the (Agr. Dept.) - middle Tennessee. - Military Academy (United States). - Mikado. - Miscellaneous Document No. 2. - Mississippi Delta. - Mississippi River: - Pass - Passes - Head of Passes - Money-Order Office (of P. O. Dept.). - Monument Lot. - Mormon. - Nation, Choctaw, etc. - National Board of Health. - National Cemetery, Arlington, etc. - national cemetery at Arlington. - National Guard. - National Legislature. - National Government. - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. - National Medical Museum. - National Park, Yellowstone, etc. - national park in California. - Naval Academy. - Naval Asylum. - Naval Militia (the entire body). - Naval Observatory. - Naval Reserves. - Navy, the - Navy-Yard, New York, etc. - Netherlands, the - New World. - New York City. - North, the - North Pole. - northern Illinois. - Northwest, the - Office of Experiment Stations. - Office of Steamboat Inspection. - Old World. - One hundred and twenty-fifth street. - Order of Business No. 56. - Ordnance Department. - Pacific coast (the sea line). - Pacific Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country). - paris green. - Parish, Caddo - Park, Jackson, etc. - Pay Corps. - Pay Department. - Penitentiary, Albany, etc. - Pension Bureau. - Pension Office. - People’s Party. - plaster of paris. - Populist. - Postal Union. - Postmaster-General. - Post-Office appropriation bill. - Presidential. - Prince of Monaco. - prussian blue. - Public Land Strip. - Public Printer. - Quartermaster’s Department. - Railway Mail Service. - Record and Pension Office (or Division). - Reform School of District of Columbia. - Reform School, Girls’ - Reformatory, Elmira, etc. - Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. - Register of the Treasury. - Regular Army. - Regular Navy. - Reporter of the Senate. - Republican. - Reservation, Sioux, etc. - Revenue-Cutter Service. - Revenue-Marine Service. - Revolutionary war. - Revised Statutes. - River, Ohio, etc. - Rotunda (of Capitol). - royal command. - Rule XXI. - Rules and Articles of War. - Schedule B. - schedule 6. - School, Peabody, etc. - schools, Peabody and Brent - Scriptures (the Bible). - Secretary of State, etc. (United States). - Senate Chamber. - Sergeant-at-Arms. - Signal Corps. - Signal Office. - Signal Service. - Six Companies (Chinese). - Smithsonian Institution. - Solicitor-General. - Solicitor of Internal Revenue. - Solicitor of the Treasury. - Solicitor for the Department of State. - Sound, the (referring to Long Island or Puget Sound) - South, the - Southern States, the - southern Illinois. - Southwest, the - Square, Madison, etc. (as a park) - square, Lafayette, etc. (as a street) - star route. - Stars and Stripes. - Statistician, the (Agr. Dept.) - Statistical Abstract. - Statutes at Large. - Straits of Magellan, etc. - Streets, etc.: - New York avenue. - First street (northeast, etc.). - Jackson alley. - Phillips court. - Mount Vernon place (as a street). - Iowa circle (as a street). - Pudding lane. - Bennings road. - Lafayette square (as a street). - Subsistence Department. - Superintendent of the Census. - Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey. - Superintendent of Foreign Mails. - Superintendent of Immigration. - Superintendent of the Money-Order System. - Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac. - Superintendent of the Naval Observatory. - Supervising Architect’s Office. - Supervising Architect of the Treasury. - Supervising Inspector-General of Steam Vessels. - Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine-Hospital Service. - Supplement to Revised Statutes. - Supreme Bench. - Supreme Court (United States). - supreme court (District of Columbia or of a State). - surveyor-general. - Survey, Geological, etc. - Territorial assembly. - Territorial legislature. - transmississippi. - transatlantic. - Treasurer of the United States. - Treasury building. - Treasury Cattle Commission. - Treasury (National). - United Press. - Upper Mississippi. - Valley, Mississippi, etc. - Vice-President (of United States). - Vice-Admiral. - war, Mexican - war of the rebellion. - Washington Aqueduct. - Washington’s Headquarters. - Western Continent. - Western Hemisphere. - White Lot. - - - - -COMPOUNDING. - - -1. In compounding words the International Dictionary will be -followed, with but few exceptions. - -2. The following words are so common in the work of this office -that the usage of many years will be continued: - - post-office - court-house - custom-house - light-house - navy-yard - attorney-general, etc. - consul-general - vice-consul - lieutenant-general, etc. - sergeant-major - quartermaster-sergeant, etc. - color-corporal - lieutenant-commander - rear-admiral - flag-officer - judge-advocate-general - provost-marshal - provost-marshal-general - -3. Make one word of horsepower, candlepower, and hundredweight, and -use adjectively as laid down in the succeeding paragraph. - -4. Compound adjectives take the hyphen: A 2-foot rule, -10-horsepower engine, 16-candlepower light, 6-hundredweight -load, many-colored coat, light-armed soldier, asked-for opinion, -fine-grained wood, light-green color, etc. - -5. Compound the following: - - mid-channel - double-loader - single-loader - pleuro-pneumonia - national-bank notes - re-treat (to treat again) - ante-mortem - micro-organism - micro-millimeter - micro-photograph - acre-foot (plural acre-feet) - foot-acre (plural foot-acres) - pound-foot (plural pound-feet) - post-mortem - foot-pound (plural foot-pounds) - foot-poundal (plural foot-poundals) - foot-second (plural foot-seconds) - second-foot (plural second-feet) - foot-ton (plural foot-tons) - pound-degree (plural pound-degrees) - -6. Follow compounding, etc., in the appended list of fishes and -fishery appliances: - - alewife - amber-fish - angel-fish - bag seine - bass net - bellows-fish - black bass - black-cod - blackfish - black perch - blue crab - bluefish - boat fishermen - boat-steerer - bomb-gun - bottom-feeding fish - bowhead whale - boxfish - brook trout - buffalo-fish - bullhead - bull’s-eye mackerel - buoy line - butter-fish - candle-fish - catboat - catfish - cigar-fish - coast line - codfish - codfish fishery - cod fishery - cod fishing - cod line - crampfish - crawfish - crayfish - crayfish pot - cultus-cod - cutting-in (of a whale) - datefish - dealfish - devil-fish - dingey - doctor-fish - dogfish - dollar-fish - drag net - drag seine - drift net - drumfish - fat-head - fiddler-crab - finback whale - fish-culture - fish eggs - fishing-camp - fishing-ground - fishing-place - fish roe - fish-wheel - flake-yard - flatfish - flying-fish - food-fish - frostfish - garfish - gill net - gill-net fishing - goldfish - goosefish - green crab - greenfish - ground line - hagfish - hair seal - hand lance - harbor porpoise - harpoon gun - hermit-crab - hickory-jack - hogfish - hoop net - horsefish - horse-mackerel - horseshoe-crab - houndfish - humpback whale - jackfish - jelly-fish - jewfish - jonah-crab - kelp-crab - kelpfish - kingfish - lady-crab - lady-fish - land-crab - landlocked salmon - live-car - lobster pot - lumpfish - mollusk - monkfish - moonfish - mossbunker - mud-crab - mudfish - muskellunge - mussel-crab - mutton-fish - nigger-fish - nursefish - oyster bed - oyster-crab - paddle-fish - pan-fish - parrot-fish - peacock-fish - pigfish - pilot-fish - pipefish - purse seine - ratfish - red crab - red-eye - redfish - red grouper - red-horse - red perch - red snapper - rock-bass - rock-cod - rock-crab - rockfish - rock lobster - rose-fish - round-fish - rowboat - rudder-fish - salmon canning - salmon-canning industry - salmon trout - sand-crab - sawfish - scallop - sea bass - sea-cucumber - sea-horse - seal oil - seal skin - sea moss - sea mullet - sea-urchin - seaweed - seine-haul - seine-reach - set net - sheat-fish - sheepshead - shellfish - shore-crab - skipjack - smelt net - snake-fish - snapping mackerel - soft crab - Spanish mackerel - spearfish - spider-crab - squeteague - squirrel-fish - starfish - steelhead - stingray - stone-crab - striped bass - sulphur-bottom whale - sunfish - swordfish - tautog - threadfish - tilefish - toadfish - tomcod - trammel net - trawl basket - trawling-ground - treefish - trigger-fish - trumpet-fish - trying-out (of a whale) - try-works - tubfish - weakfish - whaleboat - whalebone - whale line - whistling buoy - whitefish - wolf-fish - yellow-tail - -7. Fractions, when spelled, will be compounded: One twenty-first, -one-fifth, eighty-one one-hundredths, one one-hundredth, the -one-hundredth part. - -8. The words “well,” “so,” and “ill” will be used as follows: -He is an ill-tempered man; he is very ill tempered. Well-meant -intentions; his intentions are well meant. His so-called poem; his -poem (so called) is, etc. But generally adverbs are not compounded -with adjectives which they qualify: A divinely inspired book; a -finely modeled statue; a nicely kept lawn. - - - - -USE OF FIGURES. - - -1. Where figures are used to express the time of day, use the -period to separate the hours and minutes: It was 5.30 p. m.; 10.02 -a. m. - -2. Use degree and minute marks after figures in all cases referring -to degrees and minutes, and where whole numbers and decimals are -used place the marks after the decimals, as 14.25°; 13.5′; 24.36″. - -3. In straight matter and reading columns of tables, where decimal -fractions occur without a unit, put a cipher in the unit’s place: -0.38; but a .38-caliber revolver. - -4. Omit the comma in serial numbers: No. 165473; section 2436. - -5. Use inferior figures in all chemical symbols, and omit spaces -between the letters and signs. - -6. Use superior figures in connection with reference letters, as -A^1, A^2, _a_^1, _a_^2. - -7. It is impossible to give definite rules that will govern in all -cases as to what should go in figures and what should be spelled -out. It is a question which must be left to the judgment of the -workman. General rules which will serve as a guide to the tendency -of the style follow: - - -PUT IN FIGURES-- - - =Distances=: 50 miles; 17 yards; 8 leagues. - - =Clock time=: 10.25 p. m.; 12 o’clock and 30 minutes; half past 9. - - =Weights=: 12 pounds of beef; 4 hundredweight of stone; 8 centals - of wheat; 2 grams of powder. - - =Measures=: 40 bushels of wheat; 1 gallon of wine; 15 knots; 6 - acres; 9 hectares. - - =Degrees, etc.=: 17° 24′ 17″; 10° below zero; in longitude 46° - west (but tenth meridian of longitude, sixth degree of latitude, - etc.). - - =Dimensions=: 16 feet square; 24 by (not x) 12 feet; 2 by 6 inch - plank; 4 kilometers square. - - =Percentage=: 15 per cent; 27.4 per cent; but one-half of 1 per - cent, etc. - - =Money=: $2 per 100 pounds; $1.37½ per bale; 35 cents apiece; a - 25-cent piece; 20 francs. - - =Age=: My age is 52 years and 6 months; a boy 6 years old; - 3-year-old colt; 3-months-old child; wine 8 years old (but a - boy about six years old; wine four or five years old--where - indefinite and isolated, spell out). - - =Population=: The population of Chicago is 1,000,000, of whom - 150,000 are voters; a hamlet of 18 persons. (But see paragraphs 9 - and 10 under “Spell out.”) - - =Bonds or stocks=: Gold is 109; Metropolitan Railroad, 109; - 5-20 bonds; 10-40 bonds; 7.30 bonds; 3.65 bonds; 4½ per cent - bonds; 3 per cent bonds; 3½ percents; 4 percents. Where the word - “bonds” does not follow the designating expression, spell out, as - five-twenties, ten-forties, three-sixty-fives, four-and-a-halfs, - threes, etc. - - =Votes, ballots, etc.=: 75 votes; 50 ballots; 300 voters; 167 - Democrats; 14 majority. - - =Definite enumerations= (when of a statistical character): 275 - persons, 6 sleek horses, 20 head of sheep, 9 dusty travelers; 43 - reports, covering 109 pages. (But see paragraph 9 under “Spell - out.”) - - =Dates=: June 29, A. D. 1882; December 6, 1846; the 1st of - January, 1883; June 12; the 5th instant; the 20th day of March; - the 1st (day) of the month. July 4, 1776, was the great day which - gave to the world the celebrated Declaration of Independence, - and now our Fourth of July is something to be remembered by all - patriotic Americans; 4th of July claims. - - =Serial numbers=: Section 3; No. 1728; paragraph 247; page 125; - volume 6 (or Volume VI, as written); 1536 Ninth street; Route No. - 17342; clerk of class 3. - - -SPELL OUT-- - -1. Length of time: It lasted fifteen years; we were three days on -the way; four hours and ten minutes. - -2. Amounts or numbers larger than 1,000, if spelled, are expressed -thus: One thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars; A. D. eighteen -hundred and fifty; number seventeen hundred and twenty-two. But -in serial numbers, where even multiples of one thousand occur, use -the word “thousand,” as section two thousand and four (not twenty -hundred and four); paragraph seven thousand and sixty-nine. - -3. When beginning a sentence: Five million dollars’ worth; in other -cases, $5,000,000 worth. - -4. All amounts beginning sentences or paragraphs, except when, in -testimony, an answer begins with a serial or complex number, in -which case use figures. Examples: - - Q. In what year was that?--A. 1876. - Q. What was the amount involved?--A. $101.50. - Q. How much was the sum?--A. Five (or fifteen, or sixty-seven) - dollars. - -5. Numbered streets of all cities, except in tabular matter. - -6. Regimental numbers of United States Regular or Volunteer Army, -as Eighth Infantry, One hundred and ninth Ohio Regiment, Third -Massachusetts Cavalry. - -7. Sums of money, when they are referred to in a general way, as -“four or five millions,” or “I would not contribute one dollar to -such a purpose.” [This is not to be construed as meaning round -numbers, but simply a general or indefinite statement.] - -8. Isolated fractions not connected with whole numbers, as -one-fourth, three-tenths. - -9. Isolated enumerations less than 10: “I saw three men at work.” -“There were four horses in the field.” - -10. Number of persons, when not in statistical matter or when -general or indefinite: “There were thirty or forty persons in the -town.” - -11. When numbers are mentioned casually, or by way of illustration, -or in connection with serious and dignified subjects, they should -be spelled out: - - In nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of every thousand. - It is now five years since I first took my stand in opposition to - this measure, and if my stay among you should be extended - to twenty years instead of five, I shall still be found - opposing it with the same earnestness as at first. - Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. - The twelve Apostles. - The three Graces. - The nine Muses. - The seven wise men of Greece. - For twelve years he struggled manfully and the thirteenth year - crowned his efforts with success. - Congress has now been in session two months and three weeks, - lacking two days. - It is twenty-four years since the rebellion turned the two sections - of our country into two armed bodies composed of two or three - million men. - It is the twelfth hour which is dreaded most at night by - superstitions mortals. - At eleven and a half o’clock. - In the thirtieth degree of latitude the thermometer reached the - fifth degree above zero. - -12. When a paper is divided into clauses numbered “1, 2, 3,” etc., -in the copy, put in figures; but if written “1st, 2d, 3d,” etc., -spell out. - - - - -TABULAR WORK. - - -=_Box heads_=.--Box heads should be run across whenever -practicable; if it is necessary to run them up, reduce to the -minimum depth. - -In boxes of two or more lines which run across, or where two or -more boxes occur in the same head, use en quads above and below the -greater number of lines. - -In boxes of three lines or more in depth and 10 ems or more in -width over reading columns or over several figure columns, and in -all run-up heads of three lines or more, make hanging indention; -otherwise center each line. - -In boxes containing two lines the first line must be the longer -when possible. - -=_Contractions_=.--In columns of names of persons, follow copy -in the use of contractions of given names; but to avoid overruns -always contract such names as William and Charles. Use “Co.” for -“Company” where the name of the company is given; use “R. R.” for -railroad and “Rwy.” for railway where the name of the railroad or -railway is given, and use Bro. and Bros. in firm names. Contract -names of months whenever the day of the month is given, excepting -in first columns consisting of dates only, which may, however, be -contracted to save overruns. All other well-known contractions -can be used, by direction of copy preparer, to save overruns. The -following contractions for months of the year will be used: - - January Jan. - February Feb. - March Mar. - April Apr. - May May - June June - July July - August Aug. - September Sept. - October Oct. - November Nov. - December Dec. - -=_Use of “dittoes.”_=--Ditto whenever it can properly be done, and -ditto under blank spaces in all cases excepting center heads, but -never ditto under leaders. - -In columns less than 6 ems in width use 1½ ems of quads (in -addition to en quad used for bearing off) or 2 ems of leaders, as -may be required, before the “do.”; in columns of 6 ems and over, -use 2 ems of quads (in addition to en quad used for bearing off) or -2½ ems of leaders. - -In first columns, where flush headings are used with indentions -under them, proportionate allowance must be made for those -indentions, and it will generally be indicated by the copy preparer. - -=_Date columns._=--In 7-em date columns, bear off 3-em space -from rules, use only en commas after day of month, and put the -remaining space between month and day. Observe same style in 5-em -date columns, with the exception of using en quads instead of 3-em -spaces in bearing off from rules. - -Ditto in both 5 and 7 em columns. - -=_Leading from top or bottom lines_=.--Where there is only one -reading column, lead from the bottom; if more than one, from the -top. - -Date columns are not classified as reading columns in connection -with leading from top line. - -In parallel tables, where the lines are numbered on the outside of -each page, lead from the top. - -Where the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, use -en leader if space permits; if not, use a thin space, but never -use a full point, excepting where a reference mark follows an -abbreviation. - -Unless specially directed otherwise, continue leaders across entire -width of tables when the right-hand columns are of figures; when -the last column is a reading column, omit the leaders from that -column only. - -=_Figures in reading columns_=.--Numerical expressions in reading -columns will be expressed in figures, even at the beginning of the -sentence: 155 days from Dec. 1; trains 3 times a day. - -=_Figures from or against rules._=--In figure columns bear off an -en quad from rules on right of figures; and so make the cast as -to bear off the longest line of figures an en quad from the rule -on the left where possible. If crowded, and but few figures will -touch, close up on the left; if still more crowded, close up on the -right. If found necessary to set the figures in one column against -the rule on the right (which, by the way, must always be done -before closing up on the left when the mass of figures is of nearly -even width), do the same with the remaining columns of the table. -Exceptions will be marked by copy preparer. - -Common fractions to be set against rules unless otherwise indicated. - -=_Decimals._=--In columns of figures containing decimals omit the -point and ciphers where no decimal occurs. This rule does not apply -to money columns consisting of both dollars and cents, where the -points and ciphers will be used. Always align the decimal points. - -=_Dollar mark._=--Repeat dollar mark under rules in continuous -tables; also in leader work where center heads occur indicating a -separate or independent statement. But in statements where amounts -are added to make a general aggregate do not repeat the dollar -mark, even where center heads occur. - -=_Parallel dashes._=--Use parallel dashes in figure columns in all -cases where necessary to cut off from figures following. This rule -will apply also to leader work. - -=_Tables in rules._=--In tables inclosed in rules, where the first -column consists of figures, do not use leaders. [This rule will -not apply to date columns or to reading columns clearly requiring -leaders.] Bear off matter one em from side rules. - -=_Full point in leader lines._=--Use full point between -abbreviation and reference mark in leader lines, as Boston, Mass.† -... - -=_Blanks for center heads._=--Use full blank line above and below -all center heads in stubs or reading columns, excepting where -leaders run back far enough to clear the head, in which case use -only a line of en quads below. - -=_Plus and minus marks._=--Plus and minus marks in figure columns -must be aligned when occurring at left of figures. - -=_Dates and figures in reading columns._=--Do not range dates or -figures in first or reading columns unless figures are added up to -make a total. This rule will apply also to leader work. - -=_En-quadded tables._=--Use en quads in runovers [copy preparers -will give instructions when change is desired]; scabbard will not -be allowed; all box heads solid. - -=_Reference marks._=--Set off all reference marks a 5-em space when -preceding words or figures. Use superior figures (^1, ^2, ^3, etc.) -for reference marks and footnotes in all cases, unless otherwise -instructed. In a series of short footnotes range the reference -marks, and also the first letter of the note. - -=_Words in figure columns._=--Range all words occurring in figure -columns one en from rule on right; also capitalize and use full -point. - -=_Indention from rules._=--An indention from a rule means so many -ems in addition to the en quad used for bearing off. - -=_Word “number.”_=--Spell the word “number,” referring to quantity -or things, in box heads where possible. Where necessary to -abbreviate or where used in connection with serial figures, use -“No.” - -=_Flush and sub heads._=--Use colons after flush heads and em -dashes after heads subordinate thereto. - -=_Units of quantity._=--Units of quantity to the right of reading -columns and over figure columns will be spelled where possible. -Where the space available demands a contraction, use the following -forms: Dolls., galls., lbs., oz., bbls., cwt., yds., ft., in. -(inches), doz., bush., M, sq. feet, M feet, cub. feet, kilo., -kilos. Observe style of the following table: - - - [[TABLE -- PART 1 of 2]] - -------------------------------------------+-------------------+ - | Between Chicago, | - | Ill., and-- | - Articles. +---------+---------+ - | Jackson-| Athens, | - | ville, | and Ma- | - | Fla. | con, Ga.| - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+ - Agricultural implements: | | | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds) per 100 lbs | $0.87 | $0.85 | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds), released, | | | - per 100 pounds | .58 | .58 | - Apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, beets, | | | - and turnips, straight and mixed, C. L. | | | - per 100 lbs | .43 | .43 | - Beans and pease, in barrels or sacks do | .73 | .71 | - Butter: | | | - Dairy-- | | | - In wood do | 1.35 | 1.47 | - In wood, released do | 1.00 | 1.06 | - Flour: | | | - In barrels per barrel | .44 | .74 | - In sacks per 100 pounds | .28 | .41 | - Grain, in bulk, C. L. do | .27 | .37 | - Hominy and grits per barrel | .54 | .73 | - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+ - - [[TABLE -- PART 2 of 2]] - -------------------------------------------+---------------------------- - | Between St. Louis, Mo., - | and-- - Articles. +---------+---------+-------- - | Jackson-| Athens, |Atlanta, - | ville, | Ga. | Ga. - | Fla. | | - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------- - Agricultural implements: | | | - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds) per 100 lbs | $0.84 | $0.82 | $0.82 - C. L. (weight 20,000 pounds), released, | | | - per 100 pounds | .56 | .56 | .56 - Apples, onions, potatoes, cabbage, beets, | | | - and turnips, straight and mixed, C. L. | | | - per 100 lbs | .41 | .41 | .41 - Beans and pease, in barrels or sacks do | .70 | .68 | .68 - Butter: | | | - Dairy-- | | | - In wood do | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.35 - In wood, released do | .95 | 1.01 | 1.01 - Flour: | | | - In barrels per barrel | .48 | .68 | .62 - In sacks per 100 pounds | .23 | .38 | .35 - Grain, in bulk, C. L. do | .22 | .32 | .29 - Hominy and grits per barrel | .56 | .64 | .58 - -------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------- - -=_Leader work._=--Leader work is not classified as tabular work. - -=_Continued heads._=--Continued heads over tables must be condensed -into one line where possible. - - - - -FOLLOW--FOL. LIT. - - -1. Copy marked “fol.” means to follow figures, italics, -abbreviations, idiomatic words and expressions, and &c. or etc., -but not capitalization or punctuation. The exceptions are: (1) -Always spell out the & except in firm names; (2) always spell -out the % mark; (3) always use “at” or “to,” as the case may be, -instead of the commercial @. All orthography in “fol.” matter is -good that has the sanction of any dictionary. - -2. Copy marked “fol. lit.” means follow everything--caps, -punctuation, and contractions. - - - - -COURT WORK. - - -COURT OF CLAIMS OPINIONS, BRIEFS, AND DECISIONS. - -1. In the case of _The United States_ v. _Union Pacific Railroad -Company_ (99 U. S., 22), the court - -2. In the case of _United States_ v. _The Union Pacific Railroad -Company_ (99 U. S., 33), the court - -3. (_The United States_ v. _Union Pacific R. R. Co._) - -4. (_United States_ v. _The Union Pacific R. R. Co._) - -5. In _Taylor’s Case_ (16 C. Cls. R., 14) the claimant. (_Taylor’s -Case_, 16 C. Cls. R., 14.) - -6. In _Taylor_ v. _Smith_ the court held - -7. _Edwards’s Lessee_ v. _Darby_ (12 Wheat., 210) - -8. _Legal-Tender Case_ (110 U. S., 334) - -9. (_Ex parte_ Robinson, 19 Wall., 304) - -10. In Taylor’s Case the court say; in the case of Taylor there was - -11. In the case of _Payne_ (7 U. S., 252) - -12. By the _Act of March 3, 1881_, chapter 34, section 4 (Rev. -Stat., § 33). - -13. _Bowman Act_ (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, § 9, p. 284); the Bowman Act -was referred to. - -14. _Act 5th August, 1882_ (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 84). - -15. In the petition (Rec., p. 7) there is - -16. In the record (p. 7; Test., p. 7; Ev., p. 7; Rec., p. 9; q. 7; -c. q. 7; int. 7; c. int. 7; qq. 6-9; c. qq. 7-9; ints. 9, 10) - -17. Finding VI--the sixth finding; section 6--the sixth section. - -18. Omit quotation marks for exhibits in all cases except “fol. -lit.” - -19. “United States” to be used in the singular number where -practicable. - -20. In Court of Claims records, when questions are numbered, let -the number precede the question: 23. Question. - -21. Spell out “Question” and “Answer” and make separate paragraphs. - -22. When the title of the case is braced to the left, the rule is -to have the braced portion occupy two-thirds of the line; but this -may be varied to avoid bad divisions or when there is but little -matter inside the brace. - -23. Make sentences of citations, excepting (p. 84) or (pp. 90-95). - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - -SUPREME COURT RECORDS. - - 24. X Int. - X Int. 1. - X 20. - 24. X. - 24. Q. - 24. Question. - X Q. 1. - 24. Int. - 1. X Q. - X Ques. 1. - 1. Add. Direct. - 2. R. D. Q. - 3. Re D. Q. - 4. R. X Q. - Re X Q. 1. - R. X Int. 1. - 5. Re X Q. - 24th. Cross-ques. - 46th. Cross-int. - 46. Cross-int. - 46. Cross-ques. - 46. C. Int. - 46th. C. Int. - Answer to Cross-int. 1. - -1. Follow copy literally, except italics (which stand for errors -only), capitalization, and punctuation. - -2. Use italic letters to indicate errors of orthography and -apostrophes to indicate errors of omission. In case of a doublet, -italicize the repeated portion. Use no dashes, but indicate blanks -with quads. - -3. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. - -4. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb’y, c’t, -etc.; but in well-established abbreviations use the period, as Mr., -deft., plff. - -5. Many words, although not spelled according to Webster, if -sanctioned by other authorities, should be set without italic -letters. - -6. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax, or -errors of orthography, in foreign languages, except in law terms, -as fi_a_ri f_e_cias; nor should italics be used in variations of -orthography of proper names of persons or places. - -7. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word -“the,” use a cap. T, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co.; The Sun -v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; the -defendant The Davies County Bank. - -8. Errors in italics will always be indicated by roman letters, -thus: _fi_e_r_e _f_e_cias_, _co_n_plain_e_ants_. - -9. Names of vessels will be set in roman, quoted. - -10. Do not change the spelling of proper names, nor use italics to -indicate errors therein. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - - - -GENERAL TESTIMONY. - - -1. Contract the first Q. and A., as well as the following ones. - -2. Make one paragraph of question and answer, connecting the -question and its answer by an em dash. - -3. Where the answer is not introduced by the usual “A.,” “Ans.,” or -“Answer,” or where the name or title of a participant is used, make -a new paragraph. - -4. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, -and parentheses: - - The CHAIRMAN (to Mr. Smith). - Mr. KELLEY (to the chairman). - The WITNESS. He did it that way [indicating]. - - Q. (By Mr. SMITH.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]? - (Objected to.) - A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. - - Q. (Continuing.)--A. (Reads:) - Question (continuing).--Answer (reads): - A. (Interrupting.) - Answer (interrupting). - (Counsel objects to its admission.) - -5. Observe punctuation in the following paragraphs: - - The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. [where there - is only one defendant (or plaintiff) in the case]. - The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there - are two or more defendants (or plaintiffs) in the case]. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.” and paragraph 3 under -“MISCELLANEOUS.”) - - - - -USE OF ITALIC. - - -1. Names of vessels and generic names should be set in italic, -except in tabular matter, indexes, lists set in columns, and -Supreme Court work. - -2. The words “see,” “see also,” etc., in italic in indexes only. - -3. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign -words or for emphasis, unless special instructions to that effect -are given. - -4. When letters are used as references in explaining diagrams, -figures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for -caps, not quoted: Cogwheel _a_; pinion B; angle _ab_; line CD; -points _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, _e_. - -(See also “FOLLOW--FOL. LIT.”) - - - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - - -1. Use spaces in place of hyphens in Indian names. - -2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs. - -3. Observe the following examples of punctuation: - - George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes - and says: - Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows: - P. L. Rodier, sworn and examined. - Colonel Seventh Cavalry. - Captain, Seventh Cavalry. - Respectfully, yours, - Yours, respectfully, - Congressional, No. 25. - Congressional case No. 25. - Record, case No. 384. - Term No., 625. - Indian Depredations, No. 25. - Indian depredation case No. 625. - French Spoliations, No. 18. - French spoliation case No. 325. - first session Fifty-third Congress. - Jones & Co., Limited. - Latitude, 40° 19′ 12″ north; longitude, 30° 8′ 14″ west. - In latitude 40° 19′ 12″ north, longitude 30° 8′ 14″ west. - Have you any interest in this case? If so, what? - Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what. - Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what? - Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what. - -4. “Line of stars” means seven asterisks in a full-measure line, -indented two ems at each end, the remaining space to be evenly -divided between the stars. Exception: In briefs, etc., set in -“general-order” measure, use but five asterisks, indented two ems -at each end. - -5. Avoid, by overrunning, the use of a dash at the beginning of a -line, two-letter divisions, and the repetition of divisions at the -end of three or more contiguous lines. - -6. After addresses at the head of communications use the period, -as-- - - Hon. AMOS J. CUMMINGS, - _House of Representatives_. - DEAR SIR: I have the honor, etc. - - Lieut. Commander RICHARD RUSH, - _Navy Department_. - DEAR SIR: The care shown by you, etc. - -7. Use en quads in cap and small-cap lines in addresses and in -signatures, and a proportionate increase of space in heads of -extended type. - -8. In illustrating certain shapes or forms, as ⟙ rails, use gothic -letters (case 288 cap. in long-primer text, and case 287 cap. in -brevier text). - -9. In solid matter, when extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, -separate by using two leads; in leaded matter use three leads. - -10. Use two leads before footnotes in all cases. - -11. Where slugs are called for specially, use a slug of same body -as type. - -12. Separate center heads from text by slugs one size less than -type used. - -13. When two consecutive years are intended, set: 1875-76, 1801-2; -when more than two consecutive years are intended: 1875-1879, -1895-1904; when two or more distinct years are intended: 1894, -1895; 1873, 1876; 1888, 1891, 1894. - -14. When laws are set in long-primer type, document measure, the -first line of the enacting clause must be set so as to conform to -the following examples: - - _Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the - United_ - - _Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the - United States_ - -15. In indexes, when the page folios overrun, retain only the -first folio number in the leader line; but when necessary to save -an overrun, figures may be run back to within an em leader of the -words. When the folios overrunning make two or more lines, indent -evenly not less than seven ems on the left, the folios in excess -of even-length lines to be worked into the leader line. When the -figures extend back into the leader line, use an en quad between -the leaders and the first figure. - -16. Never divide a word in a headline if it can possibly be -avoided. In subhead and legend lines it is not necessary to make -the first line full. - -17. Always keep together, at the beginning or end of a line, such -abbreviations as U. S. N.; D. C.; N. Y.; N. J.; M. D., etc. The -contractions esq., sr., and jr. should always be in the same line -with the name they follow. - -18. Never divide the last word of a paragraph if it can be avoided; -overrun if necessary. The last line of a paragraph should contain -at least a four-letter word. - - - - -BILL STYLE. - - -Unless special directions are given--sometimes necessary in -particular cases--the following rules govern the printing of bills: - - -Type. - -1. Bills are always set in English type, full-slugged. - -2. A new bill is always all roman, italic being used only for the -enacting clause and the word “_Provided_.” - - -Side Folios. - -3. The direction “Allow for two figures” means that TWO 1-EM quads -(not one 2-em quad) are to be used in allowing for side folios at -left of text. “Allow for three figures” means indent two 1-em quads -and 1 en quad. - -4. Always supply the word “That” immediately following the section -number, and after the word “_Provided_” of a proviso. - -5. Begin side folios with figure 1 at the first line of each -section. Exceptions to this are sometimes made for convenience in -handling, and side folios begun with figure 1 at the top of each -page; but in such cases special instructions will be given. - - -Engrossed and Enrolled Bills. - -6. A bill is said to be _engrossed_ when it has passed one House of -Congress; to be _enrolled_ when final action has been taken in both -Houses. - -7. Follow literally in engrossed and enrolled bills. This applies -to the title of the bill on the filing or indorsement as well as to -the text, but not to the caption of engrossed amendments. - - -Heads and Indorsements. - -8. The “indorsement” on a bill is the form printed on the back for -convenience of reference when folded. “Document style” prevails -on indorsements until the bill reaches the “engrossed” stage. -Senate bills differ from House bills in the forms used in heads -and indorsements. As a bill progresses new “actions” appear, which -should be set in the same style as the “actions” that precede. The -“style” of a head or indorsement is governed by the “style” for the -branch of Congress in which the bill is pending. Examples of a new -bill in each House are given on the following page: - - -HEADING OF HOUSE BILL. - - --[Cast.]-- --[Cast.]-- - 53D CONGRESS, H. R. 9846. - _3d Session_. - - [English caps--cast.] - IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. - - [Long primer type.] - DECEMBER 22, 1894. - - Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. - - [English type.] - Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia, (by request) introduced the following - bill: - - --[Cast.]-- - A BILL - - [English type.] - For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, West - Virginia. - [Slug.] - - _Be it enacted, etc._, That - - -HEADING OF SENATE BILLS. - - --[Cast.]-- --[Cast.]-- - 53D CONGRESS, S. 4973. - _3d Session_. - - [English caps--cast.] - IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. - - [Long primer type.] - JANUARY 4, 1895. - - Mr. VOORHEES introduced the following bill; which was read - twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions. - - --[Cast.]-- - A BILL - - [English type.] - Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War. - [Slug.] - - _Be it enacted, etc._, That - - -INDORSEMENTS. - - _House._ _Senate._ - - 53D CONGRESS,} 53D CONGRESS,} S. 4973 - _3d Session_. } H. R. 9846. _3d Session_. } - - ================== ================== - - A BILL A BILL - - For the relief of George Washington Granting an increase of pension - Watkins, of Martinsburg, W. Va. to the survivors of the - Mexican War. - - ================== ================== - By Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia. By Mr. VOORHEES. - ================== ================== - - DECEMBER 22, 1894.--Referred to the 1895--JANUARY 4.--Read twice - Committee on Claims and ordered and referred to the Committee - to be printed. on Pensions. - -9. In indorsements on bills in the Senate use a 9-em dash under the -bill number; on bills in the House a parallel dash. - -10. The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried -under the title in the indorsement, in long primer caps and small -caps, between parallel rules, in both Houses, through each printing -until bill or resolution passes one House. - -11. When the title of a bill on the indorsement makes more than two -lines, indent the runovers 1½ ems; center the title when it makes -but one or two lines. On the face of the bill where a title makes -more than one line, set the first line to full measure, centering -the runover if there be two lines in the title; if more than two -lines, indent the runovers 2 ems. - -12. Titles for HOUSE BILLS are taken from the INDORSEMENT of copy; -for SENATE BILLS from the FACE of copy. - -13. Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each -“whereas” being flush and the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an -agreement or treaty is part of a preamble, follow literally, -indenting the paragraphs 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full measure. - -14. Titles and preambles following the head of a bill are always -half-slugged. - -15. Set “Calendar No.--,” on both face and indorsement of bills -which have reached the Senate Calendar, in each case at the upper -right-hand corner. - -16. Set “Report No.” on both face and indorsement of reported bills -in both Houses, centering under the number of the bill. - -[It is impracticable to give illustrations of the minutiæ of -headings and indorsements of bills in all their stages. Samples and -information can always be had upon inquiry at the foreman’s desk. -Compositors and others must familiarize themselves with the forms -called for by the clerks’ notes on copy.] - - -Amendments. - -17. “Line type” and italic are used only to show amendments. When -it is proposed to strike out certain portions in a bill that is -“reported with amendments,” such portions will be set in “line -type.” Example: - - in accordance with ++existing++ _proposed_ plan, ++twenty++ - _twenty-five_ thousand dollars. - -18. When new matter is inserted, it is set in italics. - -19. When it is proposed to strike out and insert, always let the -italics FOLLOW the line type. - -20. Do not complicate amendments. When one amendment can be made to -cover the sense, as in the complete changing of a sum of money, so -set it, rather than divide into two or more short amendments. - -21. Proposed Senate amendments are printed in bill form, all roman. -The general style of the head may be either that of bills or of -“miscellaneous documents.” These headings are generally in proper -form as they come from the bill clerk. - -22. When it is proposed in the Senate to make several short -amendments, the caption should read as follows: - - - AMENDMENTS - - Intended to be proposed by Mr. HOAR to the bill (H. R. 4864) to - reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and - for other purposes, viz: - - 1 In line 24, page 19, strike out the words “per centum ad valorem” - and insert the words - 2 “cents per pound;” in line 16, page 25, strike out the word “shall;” - and in line 12, page 34, after - 3 the word “and,” insert the word “any.” - -23. When a proposed amendment in the Senate is expressed by one or -more full paragraphs, the caption should read: - - AMENDMENT - - Intended to be proposed by Mr. GORMAN to the bill (H. R. 2476) - entitled “An Act to establish a fish-hatching station at Port - Tobacco, Maryland,” viz: After the word “Maryland,” in line 14, - section 2, insert the following: - - 1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to - carry out the provisions - 2 of this act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five - thousand dollars. - - -Reported Bills. - -24. Observe the difference in _form_ of action taken on Senate and -House bills reported with amendments: - - _House._-- - - DECEMBER 12, 1894. - - Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole - House, and ordered to be printed. - - Omit the parts struck through and insert the parts printed in - _italics_. - - _Senate._-- - - DECEMBER 13, 1894. - - Reported by Mr. HARRIS with an amendment, viz: Omit the part struck - through and insert the part printed in _italics_. - -[The wording varies with the necessities of the case, but the style -remains the same.] - - -General Instructions. - -25. Spell out everything, except “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” and classification -of vessels, as “A 1.” On indorsements follow document style. - -26. Make the contractions “&c.” and “etc.” read “and so forth,” and -in the title and body of a bill make “viz” read “namely.” - -27. When, in the use of figures, the comma is used in ordinary work -to show notation, in bills thousands and hundreds are spelled; as, -for 1,750, make it “one thousand seven hundred and fifty.” - -28. In serial numbers, or where the comma is not used in general -work, spell by hundreds all numbers less than 10000; as, for -2742, make it “twenty-seven hundred and forty-two;” but in serial -numbers where even multiples of one thousand occur, use the word -“thousand,” as “section two thousand and four,” “paragraph seven -thousand and sixty-nine” (not “twenty hundred and four” or “seventy -hundred and sixty-nine”). - -29. Years and dates are expressed thus: June thirtieth, eighteen -hundred and ninety-three. - -30. When the expression usually indicated by “No.” occurs, use the -word “numbered.” Observe, in this connection, the capitalization -for kindred expressions: House Executive Document Numbered Eighteen. - -31. References to the Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, court -reports, etc., are expressed thus: Revised Statutes, page two -hundred and forty-two; Twelfth Statutes, page eleven hundred and -sixteen; Tenth Court of Claims Reports, page ten. - -32. Capitalize the word “act” wherever it occurs as a synonym for -“bill” or “law.” - -33. The indorsement on a printed bill must always fall on an even -page. In House bills 4 lines of text may be worked in with the -indorsement, and in Senate bills 7 lines. - - -Special Instructions for Enrolled Bills. - -34. Set in quarto measure, paragraphs indented 2 ems. - -35. Lead with 3-to-pica leads. When center heads occur use a full -pica slug above and below. - -36. Set entirely in roman type, except the enacting clause and -“Provided,” which go in _italic._ - -37. Avoid divisions of words and space evenly. Two-letter divisions -must not be made. - -38. In enrolled bills of the _Senate_ place the bill number (using -the form “S. 146”) in pica antique, at the upper _left-hand_ -corner. In enrolled bills of the _House_ the number goes at the -upper _right-hand_ corner, using the form “H. R. No. 4864.” - -39. In enrolled bills of the Senate use a parallel dash above and -below title; in those of the House use the parallel dash above -only, with two full slugs below. - - - - -JOURNAL WORK. - - -GENERAL DIRECTIONS. - -Spell out States after county in both Journals. - -The Journals are set in brevier, solid, Record measure, and as a -rule Record style prevails. - -Compositors will observe the style of the following paragraphs: - - -HOUSE. - -MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1894. - -A message from the Senate, by Mr. Cox, its Secretary, announced -that the Senate had passed a bill entitled: - -S. 2905. An act for the relief of John M. Smith. - -It also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following -titles, in which the concurrence of the House was requested: - -S. 2000. An act for the relief of James Robinson; and - -S. 2001. An act granting a pension to Sam Jones. - -It further announced that the Senate had passed, without amendment, -the bill (H. R. 10241) to amend “An act making appropriations for -the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works -on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes,” approved July 4, -1894. - -The committees were called for reports; - -When, - -Bills were reported, the reports thereon ordered to be printed, and -referred to the Calendars as follows: - -By Mr. Black, of Illinois, from the Committee on Military Affairs, -the bill entitled (S. 527) an act to construct a road to the -national cemetery at Dover, Tenn.--to the Committee of the Whole -House on the state of the Union. - -The amendments recommended by the Committee of the Whole were then -agreed to, and as amended the bill was ordered to be engrossed, was -read a third time, and passed. - -The Speaker laid before the House the bill entitled: - -S. 1262. An act for the relief of Paul McCormick; - -Which was referred to the Committee on Claims. - -The Speaker pro tempore laid before the House the bill--with -amendments of the Senate thereto--entitled: - -H. R. 3458. An act extending the time for final proof on land -claims under the public land laws. - -On motion of Mr. Sweet the amendments were concurred in. - -Mr. Pearson, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that -the committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the -following titles; which were thereupon signed by the Speaker, to -wit: - -H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith; - -S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and - -H. R. 3858. An act to pension John Jones. - -By Mr. Maguire: A resolution for the appointment of a special -committee to investigate Pacific railroads--to the Committee on -Rules. - -By Mr. Holman: - -Whereas it appears by an act passed June 4, 1894, the sum of -$10,000 was appropriated to enable the Secretary of War, etc.; and - -Whereas it is alleged that trouble exists, etc.; - -_Resolved_, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to -settle the difficulty-- to the Committee on Military Affairs. - -The Committee on Indian Affairs was called; - -When, - -On motion of Mr. Lynch, on behalf of said committee, the House -resolved itself into Committee of the Whole House on the state of -the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing -for opening the Uintah Indian Reservation in Utah; and after some -time spent therein, the Speaker resumed the chair, and Mr. Dockery -reported that the committee having had under consideration the said -bill (H. R. 6557) had come to no resolution thereon; - -When the morning hour expired. - -The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit: - -_Resolved_, That John J. O’Neill was not legally elected and is not -entitled to a seat in this House; - -And being put, - -Will the House agree thereto? - - { Yeas............................ 23 - It was decided in the negative, { Nays............................ 160 - { Not voting...................... 168 - -After further debate, - -The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray tellers. - -The question being put, - -Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time? - -The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the members present, - -[One line only.] - - { Yeas............................................ 123 - { Nays............................................ 55 - There appeared, { Answering “present”............................. 1 - { Not answering................................... 172 - { Reported by tellers as present and not answering.. 4 - -The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of -the Senate: - -S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the -laws relating to compensation of officials in United States courts; - -Which was referred to the Committee on Printing. - -Mr. Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule -XXVI. - -And then, in pursuance of Rule XXVI, the House took a recess until -8 p. m. - -A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Pruden, -one of his secretaries, announced that the President had approved -and signed bills and a joint resolution of the following titles: - -On June 29, 1894: - -H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge of the Knights -of Pythias; and - -H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to -construct a wagon bridge. - -On July 6, 1894: - -H. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the -expenditures of the Government. - -The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two -Houses to the bill (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers -and harbors do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: - -That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of -the Senate numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as -follows: Strike out all the matter preceding and insert on page 77, -after line 7, the following as a new item: - -_Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To widen the ship channel to one -thousand feet, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and -fifty-one cents._ - -And the Senate agree to the same. - -That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of -the Senate numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment -as follows: Strike out “eight hundred dollars” and insert in lieu -thereof the following: _three hundred and fifty dollars;_ and the -Senate agree to the same. - -Amend section 2 to read as follows: - -SEC. 2. _For an exhibit by the Government of the United States at -the Cotton States International Exposition to be held at Atlanta, -Georgia, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-five, one hundred -thousand dollars._ - -And the House agree to the same. - -Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black -of Illinois, indefinitely; to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. -Bartlett, until Saturday next; and to Mr. Lacey, for four days. - -And then, - -On motion of Mr. Cummings, at 5 o’clock and 20 minutes p. m., the -House adjourned. - - -SENATE. - -MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. - -A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Towles, its -chief clerk. - -_Mr. President:_ The House of Representatives has disagreed to -the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making -appropriations for the current expenses of the Indian Department. -It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has appointed Mr. -Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the -same on its part. - - -ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. - -Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and -found duly enrolled the following bill: - -H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy; - -Whereupon, - -The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to -the committee to be presented to the President of the United States. - -The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said -bill as in Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it -was reported to the Senate. - -_Ordered,_ That it pass to a third reading. - -The said bill was read the third time. - -_Resolved_, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as -aforesaid. - -The Senate proceeded to consider, as in Committee of the Whole, the -bill (S. 1296) for the relief of Andrew Gray; and - -On motion by Mr. White, - -_Ordered_, That it be postponed indefinitely. - -Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and - -On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, viz: Insert as -an additional paragraph the following: - -_109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton,_ - - { Yeas........................... 2 - It was determined in the negative, { Nays........................... 5 - -On motion by Mr. Hill, - -The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators -present, - -[One line only.] - -Those who voted in the affirmative are, - -Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby. - -Those who voted in the negative are, - -Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin. - -[NOTE.--Observe that commas are left out after names when there are -a number of them, like the above.] - -The question being on the motion of Mr. Hill that the Senate recede -from its amendment No. 87, - -Pending debate, - -Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, raised a question as to the presence of a -quorum; - -[NOTE.--Observe that comma is used when but a single name occurs.] - -Whereupon, - -The Presiding Officer (Mr. Mitchell, of Oregon, in the chair) -directed the roll to be called; - -When, - -Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names. - -A quorum being present, - - -EXECUTIVE SESSION. - -On motion of Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, - -The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; and - -After the consideration of executive business the doors were -reopened; - -When, - -On motion of Mr. Gorman, at 3 o’clock and 40 minutes p. m., - -The Senate adjourned. - - - - -Suggestions for Compositors, Readers, and Revisers. - - -HELP EACH OTHER. - -Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit -as well as in letter. Unthinking performance--the listless doing -of just what has been told and no more--is not satisfactory. It is -believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is -expected at suitable times to help others in their work. The excuse -that it is “none of my business,” or that “it was the reader’s -business,” or that “it was the foreman’s business” to give a word -of warning or a helping hand to prevent delay, error, or other -trouble is a poor one. It is the business of every man to do what -he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is -usually done through inattention or unfamiliarity with the style, -suggestions should be courteously offered and received. - - -TYPESETTING. - -For the successful maintenance of a high standard of workmanship -and for the correctness of the work done in the office, not a -little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of -the compositors. Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an -office where important publications are constantly being prepared -for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those -handling the work may cause serious delay and confusion in some -other division of the office. Recollect that one badly justified -line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole -edition of a book. - -_Study the rules._--Compositors are expected to carefully study the -rules governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly -in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work done in -the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. -Special instructions will invariably accompany copy of this kind, -and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether it -is to be set according to office style; if it is not, he should -read instructions carefully and confer fully with the foreman or -man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of type for the -text (other than long primer) and the use of leads are indicated in -the preparation of the copy, as are indention, type for headlines, -“cast” of tables, and other minor details. The compositor should -not go wrong on these matters, nor should his type contain many -errors, if he will apply himself, think, make certain of his -instructions, and use care. - -_Divisions._--Frequent divisions of words are undesirable, but do -not avoid them entirely at the expense of uniform spacing. - -Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in -any but extreme cases. - -Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by -readers except in extreme cases or in narrow measure. - -Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely. - -_Spacing and justifying._--The spacing of matter must be governed -by the leading. - -Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about -to divide a word prefer to take in. - -Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when -about to divide a word prefer to drive over. - -In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions -driven over. - -Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first -line of a paragraph. - -All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they -will stand unsupported in the stick. - -Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should -be less space between final “y” and initial “w,” for instance, -than between final “d” and initial “h;” less between final “o” and -initial “c” than between final “f” and initial “b.” When a little -extra spacing is necessary, never place it between a comma and -the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital -letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation. - -Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, -but distribute it in conformity with the foregoing suggestions. The -appearance of a page as a whole depends very much upon the care -shown in spacing. - -Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of -proof sheets, as it is necessary for the reviser to see clearly -every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected. - -Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read -the first time, if a word or line is pied, or if a “dropout” -occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the -workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof -sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, stone revise, -press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available -or immediately at hand, put the types involved FEET UPPERMOST when -returning them to the galley, page, or form. This direction is -intended for all who handle type--laborers, compositors, makers-up, -imposers, and electrotypers--and will be insisted upon. Accidents -will happen, and correctness can be assured only by faithfully -following the instruction here given. - - -READING. - -Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and -thoughtful. - -Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too -narrow for proper marking, or for any reason are not good proofs, -must be refused. - -When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully -as to the character of the work, whether there are any special -instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will -be sent out or the work go directly to press, and get such other -information as he may think will assist him; and before beginning -to read he should make sure that copy agrees with proof and that -the entire proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and -take a general survey of a proof before beginning to read it. - -The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an -element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical -characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or -below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from -an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks -made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the -eraser to obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made, are all -faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not respected by the -compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering -what they mean and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide -tables the reader should take advantage of white space as near as -possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding -all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards. - -The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in -a great measure, by its importance. While in certain classes of -ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the -plainer errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value -he should read critically and try to discover more serious blunders -than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should -never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness. - -A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be -sufficient. The failure of first reader and copyholder to detect -wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in them is immediately -strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read -by them and feel compelled to reread entire proof by copy, and many -far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does -not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight -becomes confused by a multiplicity of figures or from other cause, -he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. -Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and indifference are -always culpable. - -The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to “fol. -lit.” matter, especially bills, laws, and court work. - -When an entire “take” or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a -reader should never make important changes in indentions of tables -or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of work -without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at -the proof table. - -The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the -office, all proper names, whether they are of people or places, or -whatever they may be; every date; every quotation from standard -works; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature -of science. When this can not be done and he has a reasonable -doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the -reader does discover errors of this class or when he detects -inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer -through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty -to correct. He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not -suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to -vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. -If he does not know, he should query. - -When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness -of a date, phrase, name, quotation, etc., or if he does not feel -at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to -“follow” or “follow literally,” or because he is reading a bill or -law, he should query. This should not always be done by a simple -question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author -that he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), -but by writing the suggested amendment or explaining the reason for -the query in full. - -In work of particular value--historic or scientific publications, -books that may be used for reference, etc.--the reader should -be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, bad -metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and -defects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs -of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably -welcome reasonable suggestions; but the reader must not worry -himself or the author about the extreme niceties of grammar or -suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the -author’s style not confounded with his lapses. - -Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to -spacing, division of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when -work is imperfect. - -Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first -readers and copy preparers. They must always consult with the -latter before making important changes in proof, and they should -feel free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader -to errors in style or blunders of any kind that may have been -frequently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must -be given consideration by all. He has probably handled the entire -work and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities than -the man who reads but a small portion. - - -GALLEY-PROOF REVISING. - -The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. -While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for -him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which -has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to -discover new errors, if possible, make the matter uniform in all -essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a -difference of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should -see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that -words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making -the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of -words, and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors -have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting -the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who -passes bad spacing will be held in fault. - -A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make -any serious changes in the work unless the matter apparently -needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it -necessary that an important change should be made, he should submit -the change proposed to the foreman for his decision. - -All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the -proof to be sent out, which should always be clean and well printed. - -Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes -one or more overruns must be reread as first proof. It must -be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the -paragraph, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the -proper correction has been made and no new errors have slipped in -while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the -alteration only and of rereading without copyholder has been the -source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted. - -Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work -must not be sacrificed to haste. The “hurry” excuse for passing bad -work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished whenever -necessary. - - -PRESS REVISING. - -Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special -adaptability and great diligence and care. Not only must the -reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who -precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a -multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a -clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with -the make-up of various publications, a high sense of order, an -ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easily disturbed are -prerequisites to success in the work. - -A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. -He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it -presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get -behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a -sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed. - -The following rules should be carefully studied: - -1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press -revise. - -2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are -correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly -placed. - -3. See that the series of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for -another proof in case they are not. - -4. Revise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying -all unanswered queries, and taking care that continued and repeated -lines are free from errors. - -5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not -reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof -(stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates. - -6. Be on the lookout for “dropouts,” doublets, and transpositions, -applying the rules laid down for first revisers. - -7. Read by copy all running heads, and box heads in continuous -tables; see that all leading lines are carried at the top where -subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic -captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the -matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that -footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, -and are symmetrically arranged. - -8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in -the ordinary course of business, especially of the final proofs -from which a work is sent to the press or foundry. - -9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry -the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions -that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed. - -10. Be particular in making the “mark-off” on a galley slip when -the first page proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and -noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the -succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the -“mark-off” and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the -proof clerk. - -11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any -work are correctly marked in series, as “R,” “2d R,” “3d R,” -etc., and when a sheet is stamped “another proof” carry the same -designating “R” on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the -stamped proof when it has served its purpose. - -12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be -filled in by the press reviser, the first signature being retained -for that purpose. - -13. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser -should separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar -with the “fold,” however, caution must be exercised in cutting the -sheet. - -14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the -latter especial care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work -is not jammed in the “lockup,” that damaged letters and “slips” are -indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass -severe criticism. - -15. Government publications are usually made up in the following -order: - - Page 1. Title. - Page 2. Blank. - Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then-- - Page 4. Blank. - Page 5. Letter of transmittal. - Page 6. Blank. - Page 7. Text proper. - -In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the -proof sheet. Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of -illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following -half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page. - - -SIGNATURES. - -16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers--2, 3, -4, etc.--from the first to the last. The distinguishing feature -is usually the jacket number, preceding the signature number and -connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions -of the title are used, especially in annual or other periodical -reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one -issued. House and Senate documents take the following signature -forms: - - H. Ex. 123----7 S. Rep. 13----9 - H. Rep. 247----3 S. Ex. 27----3 - H. Mis. 17----2 S. Mis. 123----2 - H. Ex. 13--pt 2----5 S. Mis. 42--pt 3----9 - -Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the -form of eights is the standard when printed from type. - - -BILL REVISING. - -17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched -which do not appear in other work. The open character of the -pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page -must be closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully -conversant with all the details and peculiarities of bill work and -be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style -or apparent fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall -on “even” pages and that they back up properly and have the proper -make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement -with that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any -change has been made in the side folios, he must run the same to -the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must -see that the proper number of copies is written on each signature -page, according to the schedule or memorandum furnished him. In -short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his -qualification for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, -but he must train his eye to detect errors at a glance. - -18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up -like the following: - - Senate bills: Senate amendments to House bills: - S. 2433----2 A. H. R. 4864----2 - - Senate resolutions: House bills: - S. R. 196----2 H. R. 2142----3 - - Senate Mis. Docs.: House resolutions: - S. Mis. 24----2 H. Res. 194----3 - -19. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an -asterisk is used at the foot of the first page. When more than one -signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number. - -20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight -pages the distinguishing signature must be invented and placed on -the first as well as succeeding forms. There are usually several -prints of committee bills, each of which must be distinguished by -serial additions to the signature, as A, B, C, etc. - -21. Every paragraph which has been overrun in correcting must -be read aloud by copyholder from the proof sheet, which must be -followed literally. - - -SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR EIGHTS. - - 1 TITLE | 26 201 | 51 401 | 76 601 | 101 801 - 2 9 | 27 209 | 52 409 | 77 609 | 102 809 - 3 17 | 28 217 | 53 417 | 78 617 | 103 817 - 4 25 | 29 225 | 54 425 | 79 625 | 104 825 - 5 33 | 30 233 | 55 433 | 80 633 | 105 833 - 6 41 | 31 241 | 56 441 | 81 641 | 106 841 - 7 49 | 32 249 | 57 449 | 82 649 | 107 849 - 8 57 | 33 257 | 58 457 | 83 657 | 108 857 - 9 65 | 34 265 | 59 465 | 84 665 | 109 865 - 10 73 | 35 273 | 60 473 | 85 673 | 110 873 - 11 81 | 36 281 | 61 481 | 86 681 | 111 881 - 12 89 | 37 289 | 62 489 | 87 689 | 112 889 - 13 97 | 38 297 | 63 497 | 88 697 | 113 897 - 14 105 | 39 305 | 64 505 | 89 705 | 114 905 - 15 113 | 40 313 | 65 513 | 90 713 | 115 913 - 16 121 | 41 321 | 66 521 | 91 721 | 116 921 - 17 129 | 42 329 | 67 529 | 92 729 | 117 929 - 18 137 | 43 337 | 68 537 | 93 737 | 118 937 - 19 145 | 44 345 | 69 545 | 94 745 | 119 945 - 20 153 | 45 353 | 70 553 | 95 753 | 120 953 - 21 161 | 46 361 | 71 561 | 96 761 | 121 961 - 22 169 | 47 369 | 72 569 | 97 769 | 122 969 - 23 177 | 48 377 | 73 577 | 98 777 | 123 977 - 24 185 | 49 385 | 74 585 | 99 785 | 124 985 - 25 193 | 50 393 | 75 593 | 100 793 | 125 993 - - -SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR SIXTEENS. - - 1 TITLE | 39 609 | 77 1217 | 115 1825 | 153 2433 - 2 17 | 40 625 | 78 1233 | 116 1841 | 154 2449 - 3 33 | 41 641 | 79 1249 | 117 1857 | 155 2465 - 4 49 | 42 657 | 80 1265 | 118 1873 | 156 2481 - 5 65 | 43 673 | 81 1281 | 119 1889 | 157 2497 - 6 81 | 44 689 | 82 1297 | 120 1905 | 158 2513 - 7 97 | 45 705 | 83 1313 | 121 1921 | 159 2529 - 8 113 | 46 721 | 84 1329 | 122 1937 | 160 2545 - 9 129 | 47 737 | 85 1345 | 123 1953 | 161 2561 - 10 145 | 48 753 | 86 1361 | 124 1969 | 162 2577 - 11 161 | 49 769 | 87 1377 | 125 1985 | 163 2593 - 12 177 | 50 785 | 88 1393 | 126 2001 | 164 2609 - 13 193 | 51 801 | 89 1409 | 127 2017 | 165 2625 - 14 209 | 52 817 | 90 1425 | 128 2033 | 166 2641 - 15 225 | 53 833 | 91 1441 | 129 2049 | 167 2657 - 16 241 | 54 849 | 92 1457 | 130 2065 | 168 2673 - 17 257 | 55 865 | 93 1473 | 131 2081 | 169 2689 - 18 273 | 56 881 | 94 1489 | 132 2097 | 170 2705 - 19 289 | 57 897 | 95 1505 | 133 2113 | 171 2721 - 20 305 | 58 913 | 96 1521 | 134 2129 | 172 2737 - 21 321 | 59 929 | 97 1537 | 135 2145 | 173 2753 - 22 337 | 60 945 | 98 1553 | 136 2161 | 174 2769 - 23 353 | 61 961 | 99 1569 | 137 2177 | 175 2785 - 24 369 | 62 977 | 100 1585 | 138 2193 | 176 2801 - 25 385 | 63 993 | 101 1601 | 139 2209 | 177 2817 - 26 401 | 64 1009 | 102 1617 | 140 2225 | 178 2833 - 27 417 | 65 1025 | 103 1633 | 141 2241 | 179 2849 - 28 433 | 66 1041 | 104 1649 | 142 2257 | 180 2865 - 29 449 | 67 1057 | 105 1665 | 143 2273 | 181 2881 - 30 465 | 68 1073 | 106 1681 | 144 2289 | 182 2897 - 31 481 | 69 1089 | 107 1697 | 145 2305 | 183 2913 - 32 497 | 70 1105 | 108 1713 | 146 2321 | 184 2929 - 33 513 | 71 1121 | 109 1729 | 147 2337 | 185 2945 - 34 529 | 72 1137 | 110 1745 | 148 2353 | 186 2961 - 35 545 | 73 1153 | 111 1761 | 149 2369 | 187 2977 - 36 561 | 74 1169 | 112 1777 | 150 2385 | 188 2993 - 37 577 | 75 1185 | 113 1793 | 151 2401 | 189 3009 - 38 593 | 76 1201 | 114 1809 | 152 2417 | 190 3025 - - - - -APPENDIX. - - - - -STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS. - - -WIDTH OF PAGE. - - | | | Bulletins - | Pica. | Record | Bureau of - | | Small pica, old style. | type. | American - | | | Long primer. | | Republics. - | | | | Long primer, old style.+---------+--------------- - | | | | | Brevier. | | - | | | | | | Brevier, old style. | - | | | | | | | Nonpareil. | - | | | | | | | | Nonpareil, old style. - | | | | | | | | | Brevier. - | | | | | | | | | | Nonpareil. - | | | | | | | | | | | Brevier. - | | | | | | | | | | | | L.primer. - | | | | | | | | | | | | |Pica. ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- -Census | 42 | | 53 | | 66½| | 84 | 65 | 85½| | | | -Quarto | 36 | | 45½| 45½| 57 | 55¼| 72 | 72¾| 55½| 73½| | | -Statutes | 32 | | 40½| | 50⅔| | 64 | | 49½| 65½| | | -Prof. papers | | | | | | | | | | | - (new) | 31½| | 39½| 39½| 50 | | 63 | | 48½| 64 | | | -Document | 26 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 41¼| 39½| 52 | 52¾| 40 | 52¾| 40 | 32⅔| 26⅖ -Court decisions[1] | | | | | | | | | | | -12mo | 22 | | 28 | 28 | 35 | | 44 | | | | | | -Law[2] | 21½| | 27¼| 27¼| 34⅓| 33¼| 43 | 43¾| 33 | 43½| | | -General | | | | | | | | | | | | | - order | 20¼| | 25½| 25½| 32 | 31¼| 40½| 41¼| 31⅓| 41¼| | | -Record[3]| 20⅞| 24 | 26⅓| 26⅓| 33 | 33 | 41½| 41½| 32 | 42¼| | | ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- - -LENGTH OF PAGE.[4] - ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- -Census | 58 | | 72 | | 91 | |116 | | 88 |116 | | | -Quarto | 52 | | 65 | 65 | 82 | 80¼|104 |106 | 80 |106 | | | -Statutes | 50 | | 62½| 62½| 78½| |100 | | 76 |100 | | | -Prof. papers | | | | | | | | | | | | - (new) | 44⅔| | 56½| 56½| 71 | | 89⅓| | 69 | 91 | | | -Document | 44¼ {51½} 56 | 56 | 70¼| 68⅓| 88½| 90 | 68 | 90 | 58¾| 48 | 38¾ - | {44⅕} | | | | | | | | [5]| [5]| [5] - | | [5]| | | | | | | | | | | -Court | | | | | | | | | | | | | - decisions 40½| | 50½| 50½| 64 | | 81 | | | | | | -12mo | 40 | | 49¾| 50 | 62½| | 80 | | | | | | -Law[6] | 44¼| | 56 | 56 | 70 | 68⅓| 88½| 90 | 61 | 81 | | | -General | | | | | | | | | | | | | - order | 31½| | 40 | 40 | 50 | 48¾| 63 | 63 | 49 | 63 | | | -Record | 58 | 65 | 72 | 72 | 89 | 89 |113 |113 | 87 |114 | | | ----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] The same width as document, indented 2 ems primer on each side. - -[2] Text only. - -[3] Width of column. - -[4] Does not include head or foot slug. - -[5] Bulletins Bureau of American Republics in length. - -[6] When made up with side notes. - - - - -SIGNS. - - -MATHEMATICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, AND PHYSICAL. - -[Illustration] - - - - -GREEK ALPHABET. - - - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - | CAPS. | LOWER | GREEK | ENGLISH | - | | CASE. | SOUND. | SOUND. | - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - | Α | α | Alpha. | A. | - | Β | β ϐ | Beta. | B. | - | Γ | γ | Gamma. | G. | - | Δ | δ | Delta. | D. | - | Ε | ε ϵ | Epsilon. | E short. | - | Ζ | ζ | Zeta. | Z. | - | Η | η | Eta. | E long. | - | Θ | θ ϑ | Theta. | Th. | - | Ι | ι | Iota. | I. | - | Κ | κ ϰ | Kappa. | K. | - | Λ | λ | Lambda. | L. | - | Μ | μ | Mu. | M. | - | Ν | ν | Nu. | N. | - | Ξ | ξ | Xi. | X. | - | Ο | ο | Omicron. | O short. | - | Π | π ϖ | Pi. | P. | - | Ρ | ρ | Rho. | R. | - | Σ | σ ς | Sigma. | S. | - | Τ | τ | Tau. | T. | - | Υ | υ | Upsilon. | U. | - | Φ | φ ϕ | Phi. | F. | - | Χ | χ | Chi. | Ch. | - | Ψ | ψ | Psi. | Ps. | - | Ω | ω | Omega. | O long. | - +---------+-------------+------------+------------+ - - - - -GREEK CASE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -PRINCIPAL GREEK ACCENTS. - -[Illustration] - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - The only Footnotes in the book refer to the first Table on pg 39 and - have been kept at the bottom of that Table. - - The Table on pg 21 was very wide and has been split into two parts, - with the first column repeated in each part. - - The ‘STANDARD PAGE MEASUREMENTS’ Table on pg 39 had vertical column - headings, which have been made horizontal in this etext. - - The ‘GREEK ALPHABET’ Table on pg 40 is missing three lower-case letter - variants (two for zeta and one for psi) that were present in the - original book, but have no modern representation in Unicode. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. - - Pg 24, ‘even. length’ replaced by ‘even-length’. - Pg 31, ‘itsert in lieu’ replaced by ‘insert in lieu’. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Manual of Style governing Composition -and Proof Reading in the Government P, by United States Government Printing Office - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MANUAL OF STYLE *** - -***** This file should be named 55585-0.txt or 55585-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - 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