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diff --git a/old/55357-h/55357-h.htm b/old/55357-h/55357-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 9a6445f..0000000 --- a/old/55357-h/55357-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1986 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 46, May 15, 1841, by Various. - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - -<style type="text/css"> - -a { - text-decoration: none; -} - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -hr { - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb { - width: 45%; - margin-left: 27.5%; - margin-right: 27.5%; -} - -p { - margin-top: 0.5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; -} - -table { - margin: 1em auto 1em auto; - width: 40em; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.blockquote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -.center { - text-align: center; -} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - -.footnotes { - margin-top: 1em; - border: dashed 1px; -} - -.footnote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 0.9em; -} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.gap4 { - margin-top: 4em; -} - -.poetry-container { - text-align: center; - margin: 1em; -} - -.poetry { - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza { - margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; -} - -.poetry .verse { - text-indent: -3em; - padding-left: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent1 { - text-indent: -2em; -} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: smaller; -} - -.smcap { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; -} - -.smcapuc { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; - text-transform: lowercase; -} - -@media handheld { - -img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.poetry { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; -} - -.blockquote { - margin-left: 5%; - margin-right: 5%; -} -} - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 46, May -15, 1841, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 46, May 15, 1841 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 14, 2017 [EBook #55357] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, MAY 15, 1841 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[Pg 361]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1> - -<table summary="Headline layout"> - <tr> - <td class="smcap">Number 46.</td> - <td class="center">SATURDAY, MAY 15, 1841.</td> - <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/dangan.jpg" width="500" height="325" alt="Dangan Castle" /> -</div> - -<h2>DANGAN CASTLE, COUNTY OF MEATH.</h2> - -<p>The ruins of Dangan Castle, situated about two miles of -the village of Summerhill, in the county of Meath, stand -in the centre of an extensive demesne, once richly wooded, -and within which, formerly spread the placid waters of a small -but handsome lake, since drained. The grounds have been -almost entirely deprived of their ancient timber, but still retain -some traces of their former beauty. The remains of -this once noble mansion, of which our engraving represents -the rere, consist of a massive keep, which, with outworks long -since destroyed, formed the ancient fortress: attached to this -is the mansion built in the Italian style, the front of which -is surmounted by a heavy and richly-moulded cornice. Of -this part of the building (apparently erected about the beginning -of the last century) nothing but the outer walls remain, -and the interior space, once formed into ample hulls and -chambers, has been converted into a flower garden.</p> - -<p>It would perhaps be impossible now to determine with any -degree of certainty the age to which the original erection of -this castle should be referred, its ancient architectural peculiarities -having been completely destroyed in the endeavour -to make it harmonize with the buildings of more recent erection, -which have been appended to it, and the property having -changed masters so often; but it is doubtless of no small antiquity.</p> - -<p>Dangan was anciently part of the possessions of the Fitz-Eustace -family, who were long distinguished for loyalty and -valour, as a reward for which the title of Baron of Portlester -was bestowed upon Rowland Fitz-Eustace in the year 1462, -by King Edward IV. In the fifteenth century it came into the -possession of the Earl of Kildare, by marriage with Anne, the -daughter and heiress of Sir Nicholas Fitz-Eustace of Castle-martin; -but in the same century a daughter of this earl -married Christopher Plunket, son of the Baron of Killeen, and -in her right he succeeded to this and several other estates.<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> - -<p>Dangan afterwards (but at what time we are uncertain) -became the property of the De Wellesleys or Westleys, alias -Posleys, a family of the greatest antiquity and of Saxon origin, -who had settled in the county of Sussex in England, one of -whom was standard-bearer to King Henry II., in which capacity -he accompanied that monarch into Ireland, and was rewarded -for his services with large grants of lands in the -counties of Meath and Kildare. From this illustrious ancestor -sprang a numerous and respectable family, who received -several distinguished marks of royal favour: and we find that -in the year 1303 “Wulfrane de Wellesley and Sir Robert Percival -were slain the second day before the calends of November” -fighting against the Irish; and that John de Wellesley, -who received from King Edward II. a grant of the custody of -the Castle of Arden, was the first of the family created a Baron -of Parliament, these honours being conferred on him as a reward -for having in the year 1327 overthrown the Irish of Wicklow -in a battle in which their leader David O’Toole was taken -prisoner.</p> - -<p>But it is the modern, not the ancient history of Dangan Castle, -which gives to it a more than ordinary degree of interest. -Within those now silent chambers and tottering walls, on the -1st of May 1769, the great Duke of Wellington, the illustrious -hero of Waterloo, commenced that auspicious life which was -afterwards so replete with honour and renown. The grandfather -of this truly great man, Richard Colley, succeeded to -the possession of this castle and estate by bequest from his -cousin Garrett Wesley or Wellesley, in the year 1728. He was -descended from the Colleys of the county of Rutland, of whom<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span> -the first who came to Ireland was Walter Colley, who migrated -hither in the reign of King Henry VIII., and he settling -at Kilkenny, was in the year 1537 appointed Solicitor-General, -which office he resigned in 1546, but was soon after created -Surveyor-General of Ireland. Richard Colley with the estate -also took the name of Wesley or Wellesley, and was created -Baron of Mornington in the year 1746. His son and successor -Garret Colley Wellesley was on the 20th of October 1760 -created Viscount Wellesley of Dangan, and Earl of Mornington. -This nobleman died on the 22d of May 1781, leaving seven -sons, the eldest of whom, Richard, second Earl of Mornington, -was created Marquis Wellesley on the 2d day of December -1799; and the fifth was no less a person than the present -Arthur Duke of Wellington, who was born (an extraordinary -coincidence) in the same year which gave birth to Napoleon -Bonaparte. In the year 1788 he received his first commission -as ensign in the 73d regiment, and after going through the regular -gradation he was presented with the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the 33d regiment in 1793. Step by step he advanced, till, -raised to the high pinnacle of rank on which he now stands, he -commanded the British army in twenty-eight victoriously -fought fields, the final one of which was the glorious battle of -Waterloo, which victory added the last and most illustrious -military laurel to the wreath which crowns his noble -brow. In the year 1811 he was made Earl and Marquis of -Wellington, and Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo and Vittoria, and -in 1814 he was created Duke of Wellington and Marquis of -Douro, and received from Parliament a grant of £300,000. -All subjects bordering on religion or politics being forbidden -in our publication, we must say nothing of the subsequent -life of the Duke of Wellington; and shall only add, that there -exists not an unprejudiced man in Ireland of any sect or party -who does not feel a pride in the honour of being a fellow-countryman -of the hero of Waterloo.</p> - -<p>While the most eminent descendant of its ancient noble -owners was thus progressing to distinction and renown, -Dangan Castle was as fast hastening to decay and desolation; -it was sold by the Marquis Wellesley to Colonel Burrows, -by whom it was underlet to Mr Roger O’Connor, during -whose tenancy it was completely destroyed by a conflagration, -not supposed to be accidental; and if report be true, it was -converted (at no distant period) into a place of concealment -for plunder, and a resort of thieves.</p> - -<p class="right">J. G. S. P.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The preceding statement of our correspondent appears to be somewhat -erroneous; Dangan was the seat of the Wellesley family at an earlier -period.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<h2 class="gap4">A LEGEND OF CLARE;<br /> -<span class="smaller">BY J. GERAGHTY M’TEAGUE.</span></h2> - -<p>The author of a “Tour in Connaught” has some curious -and interesting remarks and notes concerning the almost -universal belief of the inhabitants of the West, that not only -in former ages was this our native island much more extensive -than at present, but that the land of <span class="smcap">Erin</span> itself is but a -mere corner, a little <em>slice</em> as it were of that which was once -an immense continent. He adduces in support of this, and -gravely and seriously too, by the bye, many most ingenious -proofs; nor does he at all discard or hesitate to bring forward -the more “circumstantial evidence” of tradition to his aid. -He relates too the popular story about O’Brassil, or the -Enchanted Island, and another of the island of the “Bo-Fin,” -(or “Fiune,”) <em>the fair cow</em>, which had lain beneath the waves -spell-bound.</p> - -<p>There are points in which all these traditions concerning -the islands undoubtedly agree; but there is one among them -remarkable on many accounts, which has excited my own -curiosity more than once; and as it certainly confirms rather -than invalidates the opinions of “C. O.” on the subject, I will -relate it, perhaps with less hesitation.</p> - -<p>But, oh ye geologists! who by a single word (if ye should -so will it) can overset all our theories—who have but to say -“it is impossible,” when all our speculations, nay, even our -firmly rooted belief, would be scattered, like the Atlantic -wave, against the cliffs of Moher—oh, spare us! Let not the -delicious, the hallowed lands of “legendarie lore” be invaded -by one of you heartless monsters! Let us but picture to -ourselves the sturdy figure of this investigator of pyrogeneous -and heterogeneous stratifications, hammer in hand, attending -to the account of some magic island or delightful land -which once stretched out far and wide before him; he listens -with apparent earnestness. But beware!—suddenly he is seen -to stoop; he cracks off with his execrable instrument a little -“specimen” of some overhanging romantic-looking cliff; -anon he shakes his head portentously, and out comes an awful -volley from his well-stored vocabulary of Greek derivatives, -and Latin or German jaw-smashers. Out upon him, the horrid -creature!</p> - -<p>Our tale, nevertheless, may be as <em>geologically</em> true as the -strictest of the Bucklands or Sedgwicks could desire; we -hope so too; but may he, if one <em>should</em> do us the honour to -read our story, at least dissemble for the nonce, and <em>pretend</em> -to be as ignorant and as happy as ourselves!</p> - -<p>The land of Kylestafeen extended in former ages more -than a hundred miles to the westward of the present boundary -of Ireland. There was also contiguous to it, to the northward, -the far-famed island of O’Brassil, besides others of -inferior note. But Kylestafeen surpassed them all, not only -in superior extent, but in the fertility of its soil, and in the -number and capacity of its magnificent harbours; near which, -under the wise and gentle sway of its beneficent monarch, -flourished splendid cities. Its lovely valleys were watered -by the clearest rivers, and in the grandeur of its mountains, -and the beauty of its plains, by no other country under heaven -could it be rivalled.</p> - -<p>We have mentioned the character of that king who at the -period of our tale ruled in Kylestafeen. At this time King -Loydann was extremely old, and wished to relieve his mind, -for the remainder of his life, from the cares of royalty. So, -on a certain day, he made a formal abdication of his throne and -power to his two sons, pursuant to an old-established law in -that country, which ordained, that in case the king should -leave behind but two sons, they were to reign conjointly.</p> - -<p>But ere the king finally gave up the important charge to -his sons, he called them to him, and bound them by the most -solemn vows to conform to the following promise:—That if -at any moment one of them should by any act of his own -incur the displeasure of his brother, he should at once be -chained, and his sides pierced by two daggers. “This dreadful -oath I now exact from you, my sons,” said Loydann, “in -order that you never may be liable to the slightest disagreement, -for the remembrance of it will for ever hold you -both united; and if, in whatsoever you do, you consult each -other, the most remote possibility of such a contingency will -be avoided.”</p> - -<p>Though the strict propriety of this act may be considered -questionable, Loydann did it from the best motives; and this -too will be apparent, if we consider the respective characters -of the two brothers Fahune and Niall; the elder, Fahune, -being of a remarkably fiery, and, as his father feared, unforgiving -disposition, whilst the younger was famed for gentleness; -both were brave and impetuous, yet of dissimilar -tempers and habits.</p> - -<p>Now, at the time this act of abdication was performed, a -series of rejoicings took place at the court of Kylestafeen, -which were conducted with great magnificence. The days -were spent in the manly recreations of the chase, while the -dance and the strains of music enlivened their evenings’ -entertainments.</p> - -<p>Amidst a number of lovely forms which graced the court -of Kylestafeen, the daughter of the Prince of O’Brassil was -peculiarly conspicuous. The inhabitants of both countries -had ever been on the most amicable terms, and by the request -of Teartha, the young and graceful sister of the princes, Corgeana -had been invited to pass the pleasant hours of summer -at Kylestafeen, and to be present at the festivities.</p> - -<p>Corgeana was dangerously beautiful. Both brothers had -frequent opportunities of converse with her; both admired -her, struck with the elegance of her manners, and her many -accomplishments; each, in short, wished her for his own! -Yet it was only towards Niall, that, on her part, a corresponding -affection existed; the imperious spirit of Fahune -was uncongenial to her. But unfortunately Fahune thought -even now that she was his, and that he had but to signify his -intention, and her compliance would succeed, while at the -same time she had already listened to and favourably received -the solicitations of his brother!</p> - -<p>But now the dreary winter approached, and the time came -when Corgeana should depart from the hospitable shores of -Kylestafeen. Their galleys were prepared, and all being -ready, they took their farewell of her, and she sailed for the -island of O’Brassil.</p> - -<p>Not many days elapsed, ere from the distant horizon a vessel -was seen approaching the harbour. It anchored, and bore -the distressing intelligence that a horde of Northern pirates -were daily expected to land at the island of O’Brassil, while -the messenger delivered a most earnest request that both the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[Pg 363]</a></span> -brothers would immediately send assistance to his master, and -help to drive away the treacherous Northmen from their -coasts.</p> - -<p>But this duty the brothers resolved to execute themselves. -Accordingly, the numerous galleys of war belonging to Kylestafeen -were speedily equipped, and the full number of warriors -allotted to each. The evening before the fleet set sail, -a conference was held, and the plans of action arranged, after -which the brothers separated, each to his galley; for it had -been determined at the council that the larger number of the -ships, commanded by Fahune, should scour the seas in pursuit -of the enemy, while that portion headed by Niall should proceed -at once to O’Brassil, to join forces with the king. This -duty too did Niall undertake the more willingly, as it gave -him hope of a more speedy meeting with his beloved Corgeana.</p> - -<p>On the third day after the last-mentioned division of the -fleet had sailed from Kylestafeen, two strange sails were -plainly observed from the deck of Niall’s galley, and it soon -became too evident that the ship in which Corgeana had sailed -had been taken by the Northmen, and that she was even now -in their power; for one of the vessels was hers, and the other -was also well known, for it was the favourite galley of Froskos, -the most rapacious and cruel savage of them all!</p> - -<p>Fearful was the suspense and the agony of mind which Niall -endured, till he had overtaken this hostile ship and its prize; -for though sure of success, and that the pirate would be captured, -yet he knew not what the crafty chief might have -already perpetrated. However, having surrounded them with -his vessels, the pirates at once perceived the futility of resistance, -and accordingly surrendered to Niall. And who can -imagine the mutual joy experienced by these lovers, when -they saw that each was safe! In triumph did Niall at once -make sail for O’Brassil, and land with his precious freight, -where he was received by the old king with every demonstration -of gratitude and joy.</p> - -<p>“And why,” said Niall to Corgeana, “why now should we -delay our nuptials? Shall they not at once be celebrated? -Oh, return with me as one of the Queens of Kylestafeen!”</p> - -<p>But the king her father would have overruled this, in his -opinion, too precipitate determination, and would at least -have waited till the arrival of Fahune and his squadron; but -Niall would not listen, and it was then determined that if -Fahune made not his appearance for the space of seven days, -the marriage should take place.</p> - -<p>“And, surely,” said Niall to himself, “the vow which I -have made can never interfere with this! How could my -marriage, at which he would rejoice, possibly be displeasing -to him? When he considers the circumstances of the case, -he will, even though I do infringe the strict letter of the oath -in not consulting him, cheerfully forgive me.”</p> - -<p>Seven days had now passed, but Fahune was even then -chasing and capturing numerous fleets of pirates. At length -the day arrived, and the ceremonies of marriage were performed -amidst banquetings and joyful celebrations.</p> - -<p>And now it was judged prudent that they should set sail for -Kylestafeen; and a great feast having been given to Niall and -Corgeana, and to the whole of the squadron, they took their -departure and put to sea.</p> - -<p>O’Brassil was but three short days’ sail at farthest from Kylestafeen, -and they hoped soon to reach their destination, when -lo! a dreadful tempest suddenly sprang up, which dispersed -the fleet in all directions. The most expert seamen were completely -foiled in all their efforts; the vessel laboured and -creaked as if she would each moment fall to pieces, and was -driven, being quite unmanageable, far away out to sea, and -for many days and nights were they drifted onwards with -irresistible fury.</p> - -<p>But at length the storm abated, the waves gradually subsided, -and after another day the wind was completely gone. -The gallant vessel, which had heretofore been impelled with -terrific violence, now, with all her sails unfurled, hardly crept -along; and the men, who had been almost all constantly employed -during the hurricane, had retired below.</p> - -<p>And now the grey dawn was just apparent in the east, -when all on board were suddenly aroused by the cries of the -watchman, who proclaimed that a vessel with the flag of Kylestafeen -was rapidly approaching, and would almost immediately -be alongside. Niall arose, and looking forth, saw with -the rest that it was the galley of his brother, while he fondly -anticipated a joyful reunion with Fahune, when they could relate -their several exploits and dangers. But how were these -hopes about to be realised?</p> - -<p>The vessels neared each other, and greetings were exchanged. -A boat was now lowered from the side of Niall’s -galley, and he went on board that of his brother. After some -inquiries and salutations, Fahune questioned Niall concerning -his voyages and adventures. This Niall commenced, and Fahune -seemed to rejoice, and a smile, as if of triumph, crossed -his features when he learnt that Corgeana was safe; but when -Niall proceeded, and told of the nuptials, the countenance of -Fahune became as pale as death.</p> - -<p>“Miserable man,” said he, “prepare to die! You have -broken through our solemn vow; you have taken this step without -having consulted me; this alone would have condemned -you, but to this dreadful dereliction you have added a still -greater insult—you have supplanted me in the affections of -one to whom I was engaged. But she”——he could utter no -more; he was convulsed with passion. Niall was now about -to reply, but Fahune shouted, “Let him be gagged! Let me -not hear a word from him whom once I loved; for the sound -of his voice might tempt me to relent. Executioners, at once -bind him to the mast.” It was done; and in another moment, -by Fahune’s directions, his sides were deeply pierced by the -fatal daggers!</p> - -<p>When the dreadful tale was related to the bereaved Corgeana, -she lay for some hours insensible; but when at length -she awoke, it was but to be compelled to endure still greater -miseries. The sentence of Fahune was at once put in execution, -namely, that Corgeana should be turned adrift in a small -open boat, with a scanty supply of food, and left to perish, -while the body of her husband should also be cast along with -her into the boat.</p> - -<p>But whilst the implacable Fahune was sailing towards the -shores of Kylestafeen, and even now repented of his cruelty -and rashness to those who were once beloved by him, Corgeana -was wafted over the trackless ocean in her frail bark, -alone, and wretched; yet still that bark was guided by -myriads of fairy beings, who were even then conducting her -to a haven of safety.</p> - -<p>When the seventh weary night had passed, and daylight -appeared, Corgeana found herself quite close to shore, but in -what part of the world she was, she knew not. Her little -boat was quietly drifted to the beach. She landed, and walking -forth, soon found herself in view of a palace of magnificent -appearance, to which she bent her steps.</p> - -<p>Now, on entering this beautiful structure, which appeared -to be ornamented with the utmost splendour, she was surprised -exceedingly when she heard sounds of lamentation and -loud wailing issuing from the apartments and halls. Advancing, -she discovered an immense multitude of chieftains -of noble mien, together with a number of youths and attendants, -who, wearied, exhausted, and covered with wounds, -reclined on couches; many, who seemed more severely hurt, -uttering piercing shrieks, while others appeared binding up -their wounds, and administering the comforts of medicine.</p> - -<p>She watched these proceedings, unnoticed, for some time, -and her attention was more particularly attracted to one -venerable personage, who, going round to all, and bathing -their wounds, at once relieved them from their agony; and, -strange to say, she remarked many who appeared to possess -but few signs even of existence, at once restored to the use -of their faculties.</p> - -<p>At length she was perceived by him who was apparently a -king or chief, who demanded her history, and an account of -her adventures. This she commenced. Her great beauty, the -violence of her grief, as well as the interest which the relation -of her sufferings occasioned, caused the emperor (for so he -was) to take compassion on her, and he listened intently to -her narrative. But when Corgeana came to that part of her -mournful tale in which she spoke of the cruelty of Fahune, -and how her husband had been, as she supposed, inhumanly -murdered, the emperor manifested signs of extreme impatience, -and summoning his attendants—“Hasten,” said he, “to the -beach, and bring hither, without delay, the body of the prince.” -This was at once done, and they returned, bearing Niall in -their arms.</p> - -<p>“And now,” said the emperor, “we will leave him with -our venerable physician, whose skill was never known to fail, -and whom we have remembered often to recall to existence -many who have been considered for ever as lost to us.”</p> - -<p>When the physician was taken to the apartment in which -the body of Niall lay, a smile of hope might have been seen -upon his countenance, and he proceeded to exert his utmost -skill. After he had himself applied his far-famed remedies,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span> -he left for a moment, to deliver his opinion to the emperor -his master.</p> - -<p>But in that moment had Niall recovered! Faintly and -slowly his eyes opened, and he looked around. But what were -then his thoughts? Remembering the dreadful scene in the -galley of his brother, even <em>then</em> he saw the executioners -plunging the daggers into his side, and the words of Fahune -still rang in his ears: again he looked, and thought he was -in another world—that region, where he had often heard the -spirits of the brave would congregate. And then of Corgeana!—but -was this her voice he heard? Was she too murdered?</p> - -<p>The physician now entered, and all was soon explained; his -great skill had indeed been successful. Who can picture the -joy experienced by Niall and Corgeana when they found -themselves so unexpectedly re-united!</p> - -<p>The recovery of Niall was exceedingly rapid; he frequently -expressed his gratitude to his benefactors, and on one particular -day, being engaged in conversation with the emperor, -he ventured to address him thus. “How comes it, oh -king, that you, the undisputed sovereign of this magnificent -and powerful empire, are so frequently dejected, and that the -nobles of your court give way to melancholy in your presence? -Your very musicians appear to have forgotten the strains of -gladness, and the raven of despondency seems to overshadow -the royal court with its foreboding wings! Is it thus, oh -king? No; it must be my own gloomy thoughts which possess -me, and render me insensible to happiness!”</p> - -<p>“That which you now remark is but too true,” said the -emperor; “how can we be otherwise, when our dominions -though extensive, and our army though possessed of courage, -are each moment assailed by a cruel and still more -powerful enemy, who live in an adjoining island, and against -whom we have never been able to obtain any decided victory? -If we attack them, we are repulsed with disgrace and shame, -while they are continually making inroads, and devastating -our beautiful country. Even the day which brought you in -so extraordinary a manner to our shores, was the last of our -encounters with them, and on which most of our bravest commanders -were dreadfully mangled by our cruel opponents, -and I myself was wounded; to-morrow, however, we intend -to renew our armaments against them; but, alas! all will be -unavailing, for ever since I came to this throne, and even in -the reign of my father, have we been thus oppressed. It is -true, we possess an elixir of inestimable value, the effect of -which is almost immediately to heal the most dreadful -wound, and to which, applied by our chief physician, you -doubtless owe the preservation of your life; but on the other -hand, our enemies have on their side auxiliaries still more -powerful; so that, while we are all but invulnerable, they are -completely invincible; and though our commanders are preparing -with all possible alacrity, and seem confident of success, -I for one already too well know the result!”</p> - -<p>“Nay, speak not thus, oh king!” said Niall; “I myself, for -I am now recovered, will accompany you; I perhaps was accounted -brave in my own country, and will not spare my -blood, if occasion require, in your service; allow me then a -number of men under my command, and, with the help of the -gods, we will certainly cause these formidable foes to yield to -our superior prowess.”</p> - -<p>“Niall,” answered the emperor, “your words are as those -of the brave; but did you know, or could you catch a single -glance of our enemy, your utterance would be frozen with -dread; horror would be on your countenance; and if you were -not immediately overwhelmed, you would turn and fly as we -do.”</p> - -<p>“And wherefore, oh king?” said Niall.</p> - -<p>“Listen!” said the emperor. “These giants, for they far -exceed us in ordinary stature, are commanded by one who excels -them in even a greater degree in height, in strength, and -in the awfulness of his appearance: he marches at the head -of the army to the accompaniment of music—oh, accursed music!—the -first sound of which, though at a distance, has the -dreadful effect of at once stupifying us, and causing an unnatural -drowsiness to come over us; we fall, and he, marching -up with his men, cuts us to pieces like sheep. But, oh Niall! -how can I describe or give you the slightest idea of the -horrid hag, this giant’s wife? One sight of her is sufficient -to unnerve the most courageous mortal; afar off she is seen; -her eyes are as glowing coals; her feet like enormous plough-shares, -tearing up the earth before her as she walks; whilst -her hair, trailing far behind her, is like as many harrows following -in her track; lurid flames issue from her nostrils! -Frightful indeed is she to behold; but should a glance of her accursed -eye meet yours, no earthly power could for an instant -save you from immediate death! She is followed by a horde of -demons, who I hear are her children, imps that spare no life, -but revel in slaughter and mischief. Such are our enemies!”</p> - -<p>“Your description horrifies me,” said Niall; “nevertheless, -let us summon all our energies to the encounter, and I -trust I may bear my part in the struggle with fortitude.”</p> - -<p>And now the day arrived when this resolution was to be -tested. The emperor himself took Niall into his armoury, -and bade him choose any kind of weapon which that place -could afford; but of all the implements of war collected -there, none seemed to suit his purpose but one small sword -with a sharp point, with which having equipped himself, he -prepared for the engagement. They embarked, and soon -reached the hostile island, where immediately the giants -collected, headed by the chief and his wife, who now seemed -invested with double their usual horrors. As they advanced, -his friend the emperor frequently called on Niall to retrace -his steps, but this he firmly refused. The fatal languor was -now fast overcoming him, but, drawing his small sword, he -continued pricking himself in various places, which prevented -his sinking altogether to sleep. Meantime the giant came -on, trusting as usual for conquest to the power of the music; -however, he was for once mistaken. Feigning sleep, Niall -lay still, in the best position for his purpose; and when the -giant, confidently marching on, had come up, and stooped -over to kill him, he seized his opportunity, and at one blow -severed his head from his shoulders.</p> - -<p>Fortunately this brave act was not witnessed by the old -hag his wife, who had delayed by the way; it is enough for -us to know that the same success here also attended him, -and she fell a sacrifice also to his valour. Nor was this all: -the emperor came up with his army, and an easy conquest -soon decided the long-continued hostilities. Niall was immediately -given by the emperor the sovereignty of the island, -and took possession of the giant’s palaces, where he and -Corgeana long lived in mutual love, and, crowned with the -enjoyment of all happiness, dwelt in perfect amity with the -emperor their benefactor. He built an immense number of -the most beautiful galleys, and maintained an army disciplined -and instructed completely in all the arts of war.</p> - -<p>But we must now hasten to the conclusion of our legend, -though volumes might be filled by a recital of the well-remembered -acts of Niall the good, and Corgeana his queen.</p> - -<p>They held, then, frequent conversations about Fahune, -and were accustomed to recount the many dangers they had -experienced, when on a certain day Niall appeared to be -engaged in the deliberation of some affair of more than ordinary -importance. His brows were bent as in earnest thought, -and even tears were observed on his cheek. This was remarked -by Corgeana, who gently demanded what new design -he was arranging.</p> - -<p>To this Niall answered, “Oh, Corgeana, my awful parting -from Fahune my brother frequently recurs to me; I begin to -fear his life is most unhappy; he thinks me dead, and the injustice -of his mad decree must certainly be fearfully apparent -to him also; it is therefore my intention, shouldst thou approve -of it, to prepare an expedition to revisit the land of my birth, -my beloved Kylestafeen; and wouldst thou not also wish to -see again the lovely O’Brassil? I am now powerful, and -would go attended by a large fleet; so that if Fahune should -still be vindictive, I might be supported; nor should I dread -his power, or that of any other monarch.”</p> - -<p>To this Corgeana most willingly assented, and resolved -herself to accompany the squadron, which having been made -ready in an extraordinarily short space of time, put to sea.</p> - -<p>Niall well remembered the direction that dreadful tempest -had taken which had conveyed him to Fahune, and accordingly -sailed onwards. Not many days elapsed ere the men -reported with joy that land was in sight. It was true; -and all assembled on the decks of their galleys, hailing with -shouts their near approach.</p> - -<p>But lo! what is that which now rivets their attention, and -causes them to stand like men bereft of reason, gazing on -the mountains of Kylestafeen? And nearer and nearer they -approached, and fixed their eyes in silent wonder on the -awful scene; those hills, the shapes of which were at once -recognized by Niall and Corgeana, were too apparently -sinking into the ocean! Still nearer they sailed, and the -noble bay at the head of which was the city, lay before them.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span> -They came close to the shore, and now was their astonishment -intense. That beautiful valley through which the -gentle stream took its course was quickly enlarging its boundaries; -and while it sank, the waters from the ocean were -madly rushing in, causing devastation to all. Hundreds of -human forms were wildly rushing to and fro, and those who -were able to reach the shore screamed loudly for assistance, -or for boats to carry them away; while all who could not -profit by this mode of escape climbed the summits of the highest -mountains, and escaped immediate death, only to endure a -protraction of their sufferings.</p> - -<p>In the midst of this confusion and these dreadful scenes, -many galleys, densely crowded with beings, put off from shore. -Niall anxiously looked for his brother; nor was he destined to -be disappointed, for Fahune, observing the strange ships, immediately -directed his course to the galley of his brother, where -a reconciliation having at once taken place, all re-assembled to -witness the consummation of this most dreadful catastrophe.</p> - -<p>Gradually, yet continually, did the waves close round thousands -of the helpless inhabitants, and innumerable multitudes -of animals were buried beneath them, while all who could avail -themselves of boats took to the sea, though these could hardly -tell in what direction to proceed, and hundreds miserably -perished.</p> - -<p>Soon did night veil the awful vision from the eyes of the -fleet; and next morning, a wild waste of turbulent waters -was all that could be perceived where once was the glorious -and happy land of Kylestafeen, and a long dark line of frowning -cliffs was the only boundary visible in the direction of that -lovely country.</p> - -<p>We may add the general belief, that a remnant of those -saved were cast on shore, and from their descendants we still -can learn even the modes of government once practised in -Kylestafeen.</p> - -<p>But where <em>now</em> is Kylestafeen?</p> - -<p>It remains under a spell—its inhabitants are still employed -in constructing fleets and armaments; even now,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“In the wave beneath you shining,”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>the “towers of other days” may yet be seen. Every seven -years, “this delightful land” may be seen in all its primeval -beauty, as it appeared before it sank; and if, reader, at that -critical moment when all smileth before thee, thou canst drop -but one particle of earth on any portion of it, it will be for ever -re-established.</p> - -<p>And this, reader, is the legend of Kylestafeen, from which -thou canst draw thine own moral.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">ORIGIN AND MEANINGS OF IRISH FAMILY NAMES.</h2> - -<p class="center">BY JOHN O’DONOVAN.</p> - -<h3>Third Article.<br /> -<span class="smaller">SURNAMES AND FAMILY NAMES.</span></h3> - -<p>Dr Keating and his cotemporary Gratianus Lucius have asserted, -on the authority of the ancient Irish MSS, that family -names or surnames first became hereditary in Ireland in the -reign of Brian Boru, in the beginning of the eleventh century. -“He [King Brian] was the first who ordained that a certain -surname should be imposed on every tribe, in order that it -might be the more easily known from what stock each family -was descended; for previous to his time surnames were unfixed, -and were discoverable only by tracing a long line of ancestors.”<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>This assertion has been repeated by all the subsequent Irish -writers, but none of them have attempted either to question -or prove it. It seems, however, generally true, and also that -in the formation of surnames at this period, the several families -adopted the names of their fathers or grandfathers. It -would appear, however, from some pedigrees of acknowledged -authenticity, that in a few instances the surnames were assumed -from remoter ancestors, as in the families of the -O’Dowds and O’Kevans in Tireragh, in which the chiefs -from whom the names were taken were cotemporary with -St Gerald of Mayo, who flourished in the seventh century, -and in the family of O’Neill, who took their surname from -Niall Glunduv, monarch of Ireland, who was killed by the -Danes in the year 919. It is obvious also from the authentic -Irish annals, that there are many Irish surnames now -in use which were called after ancestors who flourished long -subsequent to the reign of Brian. But it is a fact that the -greater number of the more distinguished Irish family names -were assumed from ancestors who were cotemporary with this -monarch; and though we have as yet discovered no older -authority than Dr Keating for showing that surnames were -first established in Ireland in his time, I am satisfied that -authorities which would prove it, existed in the time of Keating, -for that writer, though a very injudicious critic, was nevertheless -a faithful compiler. Until, however, we discover -a genuine copy of the edict published by the monarch Brian, -commanding that the surnames to be borne should be taken -from the chieftains who flourished in his own time,—if such -edict were ever promulgated, we must be content to relinquish -the prospect of a final decision of this question. At -the same time it must be conceded that the evidences furnished -by the authentic annals and pedigrees in behalf of it are very -strong, and may in themselves be regarded as almost sufficient -to settle the question.</p> - -<p>It appears, then, from the most authentic annals and pedigrees, -that the O’Briens of Thomond took their name from -the monarch Brian Boru himself, who was killed in the battle -of Clontarf in the year 1014, and that family names were -formed either from the names of the chieftains who fought in -that battle, or from those of their sons or fathers:—thus, the -O’Mahonys of Desmond are named from Mahon, the son of -Kian, King of Desmond, who fought in this battle; the O’Donohoes -from Donogh, whose father Donnell was the second -in command over the Eugenian forces in the same battle; the -O’Donovans from Donovan, whose son Cathal commanded the -Hy-Cairbre in the same battle; the O’Dugans of Fermoy -from Dugan, whose son Gevenagh commanded the race of -the Druid Mogh Roth in the same battle; the O’Faelans or -Phelans of the Desies from Faolan, whose son Mothla commanded -the Desii of Munster in the same memorable battle, -as were the Mac Murroghs of Leinster from Murrogh, whose -son Maelmordha, King of Leinster, assisted the Danes against -the Irish monarch.</p> - -<p>The Mac Carthys of Desmond are named from Carrthach -(the son of Saerbhreathach), who is mentioned in the Irish -annals as having fought the battle of Maelkenny, on the river -Suir, in the year 1043; the O’Conors of Connaught from -Conor or Concovar, who died in the year 971; the O’Molaghlins -of Meath, the chiefs of the southern Hy-Niall race, -from Maelseachlainn or Malachy II, monarch of Ireland, who -died in the year 1022; the Magillapatricks or Fitzpatricks of -Ossory from Gillapatrick, chief of Ossory, who was killed in -the year 995, &c. &c.</p> - -<p>From these and other evidences furnished by the Irish annals, -it appears certain then that the most distinguished surnames -in Ireland were taken from the names of progenitors who -flourished in the tenth or beginning of the eleventh century. -But there are instances to be met with of surnames which had -been established in the tenth century having been changed to -others which were called after progenitors who flourished at -a later period, as O’Malroni of Moylurg, to Mac Dermot, -and O’Laughlin, head of the northern Hy-Niall, to Mac Laughlin. -There are also instances of minor branches of great families -having changed the original prefix O to Mac and Mac -O, or Mac I, when they had acquired new territories and become -independent families, as O’Brien to Mac I-Brien, and -Mac Brien in the instances of Mac I-Brien Arra, Mac Brien -Coonagh, and Mac Brien Aharlagh, all off-shoots from the -great family of Thomond; and O’Neill to Mac I-Neill Boy, -in the instance of the branch of the great Tyrone family who -settled in the fourteenth century eastward of the river Bann, -in the counties of Down and Antrim.</p> - -<p>This is all that we know of the origin of Irish surnames. -Sir James Ware agrees with Keating and Gratianus Lucius -that surnames became hereditary in Ireland in the tenth or -beginning of the eleventh century; and adds, that they became -hereditary in England and France about the same period.</p> - -<p>Irish family names or surnames then are formed from the -genitive case of names of ancestors who flourished in the tenth -century, and at later periods, by prefixing O, or Mac, as -O’Neill, Mac Carthy, &c. O literally signifies grandson, in -which sense it is still spoken in the province of Ulster; and in -a more enlarged sense any male descendant, like the Latin -<i lang="la">nepos</i>: and Mac literally signifies son, and in a more extended -sense any male descendant. The former word is translated -<i lang="la">nepos</i> by all the writers of Irish history in the Latin language, -from Adamnan to Dr O’Conor, and the latter, <i lang="la">filius</i>; from -which it is clear that it is synonymous with the Welsh prefix -<i lang="cy">Map</i> (abbreviated to <i lang="cy">Ap</i>), and with the Anglo-Norman <i>Fitz</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> -which Horne Tooke has proved to be a corruption of the Latin -<i lang="la">filius</i>. Giraldus Cambrensis latinizes the name of the King -of Leinster, Dermot Mac Murchadh, <i lang="la">Dermitius Murchardides</i>, -from which it may be clearly perceived that he regarded the -prefix Mac as equivalent to the Greek patronymic termination -<i lang="el">ides</i>. The only difference therefore to be observed between -O and Mac in surnames is, that the family who took the prefix -of Mac called themselves after their father, and those who -took the prefix O formed their surname from the name of -their grandfather. Ni, meaning daughter, was always prefixed -to names of women, as O and Mac meant male descendants; -but this usage is now obsolete.</p> - -<p>It is not perhaps an unlikely conjecture that at the period -when surnames were first ordered to be made hereditary, some -families went back several generations to select an illustrious -ancestor on whom to build themselves a name. A most extraordinary -instance of this mode of forming names occurred -in our own time in Connaught, where John Mageoghegan, -Esq. of Bunowen Castle, in the west of the county of Galway, -applied to his Majesty King George IV. for licence to reject -the name which his ancestors had borne for eight hundred -years from their ancestor Eochagan, chief of Kinel Fiacha, in -the now county of Westmeath, in the tenth century, and to take -a new name from his more ancient and more illustrious ancestor -Niall of the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland in the -fourth century. His majesty granted this licence, and the -son of John Mageoghegan now called John Augustus O’Neill, -that is, John Augustus, <span class="smcapuc">DESCENDANT</span> of Niall of the Nine Hostages. -The other branches of the family of Mageoghegan, however, -still retain the surname which was established in the reign -of Brian Boru as the distinguishing appellative of the race of -Fiacha, the son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and the ancestor -from whom the Mageoghegans had taken their <em>tribe</em> name.</p> - -<p>From the similarity and almost complete identity of the -meanings affixed to the words O and Mac in surnames, it -might be expected that they should be popularly considered -as conferring each the same respectability on the bearer; -yet this is far from being the case, for it is popularly believed -in every part of Ireland that the prefix O was a kind of title -among the Irish, while Mac is a mark of no distinction whatever, -and that any common Irishman may bear the prefix -Mac, while he must have some claims to gentility of birth before -he can presume to prefix O to his name. This is universally -the feeling in the province of Connaught, where the -gentry of Milesian descent are called O’Conor, O’Flahertie, -O’Malley, &c.; and the peasantry, their collateral relatives, -Connor, Flaherty, Malley. All this, however, is a popular -error, for the prefix O is in no wise whatever more respectable -than Mac, nor is either the one or the other an index -to any respectability whatever, inasmuch as every single family -of Firbolgic, Milesian, or Danish origin in Ireland, is entitled -to bear either O or Mac as the first part of their surname. -It is popularly known that O’Neill was King of Ulster, -and O’Conor King of Connaught, and hence it is assumed -that the prefix O is a title of great distinction; but it is -never taken into consideration that O’Hallion was the name -of the Irish Geocach or beggar who murdered O’Mulloy -of Feara-Keall in the year 1110, or that <em>Mac</em> Carthy -was King of Desmond or Mac Murrough was King -of Leinster! It is therefore a positive fact that the prefixes -O and Mac are of equal import, both meaning male descendant, -and that neither is an indication of any respectability -whatever, except where the pedigree is proved and the history -of the family known. To illustrate this by an example: -The O prefixed to my own name is an index of my descent -from Donovan, the son of Cathal, Chief of the Hy-Figeinte, -who was killed by Brian Boru in the year 977; but the Mac -prefixed in the surname Mac Carthy is an indication of higher -descent, namely, from Carrthach, the great-grandson of Callaghan -Cashel, King of Munster, whose descendants held the -highest rank in Desmond till the civil wars of 1641.</p> - -<p>It would be now difficult to show how this popular error -originated, as the meanings of the two prefixes O and Mac -are so nearly alike. It may, however, have originated in a -custom which prevailed among the <em>ancient</em> Irish, namely, that, -for some reason which we cannot now discover, the O was -never prefixed in any surname derived from art, trade, or -science, O’Gowan only excepted, the prefix Mac having been -always used in such instances, for we never meet O’Saoir, -O’Baird; and surnames thus formed, of course never ranked -as high among the Irish as those which were formed from the -names of chieftains.</p> - -<p>It may be here also remarked, that the O was never prefixed -to names beginning with the word <em>Giolla</em>. I see no reason -for this either, but I am positive that it is a fact, for throughout -the Annals of the Four Masters only one O’Giolla, namely, -O’Giolla Phadruig, occurs, and that only in one instance, and I -have no doubt that this is a mere error of transcription.</p> - -<p>Another strange error prevails in the north of Ireland respecting -O and Mac, viz. that every name in the north of Ireland -of which Mac forms the first part, is of Scotch origin, -while those to which the O is prefixed is of Irish origin; for -example, that O’Neill and O’Kane are of Irish origin, but -Mac Loughlin and Mac Closkey of Scotch origin. But it -happens in these instances that Mac Loughlin is the senior -branch of the family of O’Neill, and Mac Closkey a most distinguished -offshoot from that of O’Kane. This error had its -origin in the fact that the Scotch families very rarely prefixed -the O (there being only three instances of their having used -it at all on record), while the Irish used O tenfold more than the -Mac. This appears from an index to the genealogical books -of Lecan, and of Duald Mac Firbis, in the MS. library of the -Royal Irish Academy, in which mention is made of only three -Scotch surnames beginning with O, while there are upwards -of two thousand distinct Irish surnames beginning with O, -and only two hundred beginning with Mac.</p> - -<p>Another strange error is popular among the Irish, and -those not of the lowest class, namely, that only five Irish families -are entitled to have the O prefixed; but what names -these five are is by no means agreed upon, some asserting -that they are O’Neill, O’Donnell, O’Conor, O’Brien, and O’Flaherty; -others that they are O’Neill, O’Donnell, O’Kane, -O’Dowd, and O’Kelly; a third party insisting that they are -O’Brien, O’Sullivan, O’Connell, O’Mahony, and O’Driscoll; -while others make up the list in quite a different manner from -all these, and this according to the part of Ireland in which -they are located; and each party is positive that no family -but the five of their own list has any title to the O. None -of them would acknowledge that even the O’Melaghlins, -the heads of the southern Hy Niall race, have any claims to -this prefix, nor other very distinguished families, who invariably -bore it down to a comparatively late period. On the -other hand, it is universally admitted that any Irish family -from Mac Carthy and Mac Murrough, down to Mac Gucken -and Mac Phaudeen, has full title to the prefix Mac; and for -no other reason than because it is believed to have been a -mark of no distinction whatever among the ancient Irish. -This error originated in the fact that five families of Irish -blood were excepted by the English laws from being held as -mere Irishmen. But of this hereafter.</p> - -<p>There is another error prevalent among the Irish gentry of -Milesian blood in Ireland (which is the less to be excused, as -they have ample opportunities of correcting it), namely, that -the chief or head of the family only was entitled to have the -O prefixed to his name. This is the grossest error of all, for -there is not a single passage in the authentic annals or genealogical -books which even suggests that such a custom ever -existed amongst the ancient Irish chieftain families, for it is -an indubitable fact that every member of the family had the -O prefixed to his surname, as well as the chief himself. But -a distinction was made between the chief and the members of -his family, in the following manner:—In all official documents -the chief used the surname only, as O’Neill, O’Donnell, &c. -In conversation also the surname only was used, but the definite -article was frequently prefixed, as <em>the</em> O’Neill, <em>the</em> O’Brien, -&c., while in annals and other historical documents in which it -was found necessary to distinguish a chief from his predecessors -or successors, the chief of a family was designated by -giving him the family name first, and the christian or baptism -name after it in parenthesis. But the different members of -the chief’s family had their christian names always prefixed as -at the present day.</p> - -<p>I have thus dwelt upon the errors respecting surnames in -Ireland, from an anxious wish that they should be removed, -and I trust that it will be believed henceforward that the Mac -in Irish surnames is fully as respectable as the O, and that, -instead of five, there are at least two thousand Irish families -who have <em>full title</em> to have the O prefixed to their surnames.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Translation from original Latin MS.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p class="gap4">Many men would have more wisdom if they had less wit.</p> - -<p class="gap4">Women are like gold, which is tender in proportion to its -purity.</p> - -<p class="gap4">Excessive sensibility is the foppery of modern refinement.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="gap4">IRELAND’S WEALTH.</h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Oh do not call our country poor,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Though Commerce shuns her coast;</div> -<div class="verse">For still the isle hath treasures more</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Than other lands can boast.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">She hath glorious hills and mighty streams,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With wealth of wave and mine,</div> -<div class="verse">And fields that pour their riches forth</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Like Plenty’s chosen shrine.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">She hath hands that never shrink from toil,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And hearts that never yield,</div> -<div class="verse">Who reap the harvests of the world</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In corn or battle field.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">She hath blessings from her far dispersed</div> -<div class="verse indent1">O’er all the earth and seas,</div> -<div class="verse">Whose love can never leave her—yet</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Our land hath more than these.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Her’s is the light of genius bright,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Among her children still;</div> -<div class="verse">It shines on all her darkest homes,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or wildest heath and hill.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For there the Isle’s immortal lyre</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sent forth its mightiest tone;</div> -<div class="verse">And starry names arose that far</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On distant ages shone.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And want among her huts hath been;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But never from them past</div> -<div class="verse">The stranger’s welcome, or the hearts</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That freely gave their last.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">She hath mountains of eternal green,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And vales for love and health,</div> -<div class="verse">And the beautiful and true of heart—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Oh these are Ireland’s wealth!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And she is rich in hope, which blest</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Her gifted ones and brave,</div> -<div class="verse">Who loved her well, for she had nought</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To give them but a grave.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Through all her clouds and blasted years,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That star hath never set;</div> -<div class="verse">Will not our land arise and shine</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Among the nations yet?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">F. B.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h2 class="gap4">EXTRAORDINARY DETECTION OF MURDER.</h2> - -<h3>NO. II.</h3> - -<p>Scarcely the most youthful reader needs now to be informed -that for an indefinite period our country has unfortunately -seldom been without bands of misguided men, more or less -numerous, combined for illegal purposes, and who have from -time to time wrought much ruin and misery to themselves and -others, whether they went under the denomination of rapparees, -defenders, peep-o’-day-boys, steelboys, whiteboys, united -Irishmen, carders, houghers, thrashers or ribbonmen, the -last of the species—may they prove the <em>last</em> indeed! The -manifold causes that produced those lawless and destructive -combinations the nature of this Journal wisely precludes us -from meddling with; their objects were perfectly apparent. -We therefore pass both by with a single remark, -namely, that since the disastrous and desolating insurrection -and invasion of ’98, there has been no person of weight or property -connected with any of the numerous confederacies that -have continued unceasingly to distract the country, with the -exception of that which involved the fate of the wild but -amiable visionary Robert Emmett—certainly not in Connaught; -nor would it appear that in any one of them since -was any serious opposition to <em>government</em> contemplated. In -fact, the conspirators being, with but few exceptions, invariably -of the very lowest class, their object, however guilty, was -limited to the obtainment of personal advantage, the gratification -of private revenge, or petty opposition to tithes and -the local authorities.</p> - -<p>In 1806, the combinators were designated in Connaught, -<em>thrashers</em>. Their vengeance seemed to be chiefly wreaked on -the haggards of such gentlemen or middlemen as excited the -wrath or suspicions of the brotherhood; and frequently, where -at evening had been seen a large and well-filled haggard, -nought was visible in the morning but empty space, the wasted -grain and the <em>then</em> valuable hay being scattered over the adjacent -fields and roads, often to a considerable distance.</p> - -<p>Tirawley, the northern barony of Mayo, was at this period -infested with a gang of thrashers of peculiar daring and activity, -the most prominent of whom was Murtagh Lavan, -usually termed “Murty the Shaker,” a <i lang="fr">soubriquet</i> which he -derived from his remarkable dexterity in scattering the contents -of the various haggards; and for a considerable period -this reckless gang was a terror to the entire barony. But -there is, fortunately, neither union nor faith among the wicked. -After having been the principal in numberless acts of destruction -and lawlessness, Murty became a private informer -against guilty and innocent, in consequence of the large rewards -offered by government for the detection of the offenders, -and had given in the names of a large number of accomplices, -as well as of those who he knew were likely to be suspected, -when his career was cut short by a violent death.</p> - -<p>Secretly as his informations were given, it appears it was -discovered that he had become an informer; and in consequence, -a band of the most desperate of his former accomplices -planned and accomplished his murder in a singularly -daring manner. His wife and himself were guests at a -christening when he was called out: she followed him, and in -her presence he was assailed by a number of blackened and -partly armed men, one of whom felled him with a hatchet like -an ox in the slaughter-house. He was never allowed to rise, -for the others trampled on him when down, and struck him -with various weapons. The wretched woman fled into a -corner, and remained there an unharmed spectatress of the -whole murderous scene, and, what has rarely occurred in -similar circumstances, without making any attempt to fling -herself between her husband and the murderers.</p> - -<p>Immediately on information being forwarded to the government -of the audacious murder of the informer, proclamations -offering large rewards for the discovery and conviction -of the perpetrators were issued; great activity was -exhibited by the magistrates and the yeomanry, put under -permanent pay, as is well remembered in the localities where -they were stationed, the inhabitants of which were soon left -minus their geese and hens with miraculous rapidity, after -the arrival of their <em>defenders</em>. The yeomen! God forgive us: -dark as is our theme, so strangely does levity mingle with -gloom and even with sorrow in our national temperament, -that a host of humorous recollections come rushing on us, -called up by the name, as we recall our boyish enjoyment in -witnessing some of their inspections. Their motley dress—their -arms—the suggaun often binding a dislocated gun—and -their discipline—oh, their discipline! Why, reader, believe us -or not as you please, we knew of a captain of yeomanry -standing in front of his corps, during an inspection of all the -yeomen in the district by a distinguished general officer, with -his drawn sword held with great gallantry in his <em>left</em> hand, -till his serjeant-major besought him in a whisper to change it -to the other hand, until the general should have passed him. -But we say avaunt to the evil temptation that has beset us -at so awkward a time, to descant on yeomanry frolics, though -we promise the readers of the Journal a laugh at them on -some more fitting occasion.</p> - -<p>Five of the murderers were apprehended and executed together -in 1806; and, some years afterwards, one of them, -named M’Ginty, whose troubled conscience would not permit -him to remain in England, whither he had fled after the commission -of the crime, and who was apprehended the very night -after his return to this country, died a fearful death. Indeed, -in our experience of public executions we never witnessed a -more terrible one. He was a man of a large, athletic frame, -and when on the lapboard ramped about with frightful violence, -got his fingers several times between the rope and his -neck, and attempted to pull down the temporary beam, and -drag out the executioner with him, the latter of which objects -he nearly effected. He spurned at all exertions to induce -him to forgive his prosecutors and captors, and was in the -act of denouncing vengeance against them, dead or alive, when -he was flung off.</p> - -<p>We remember a curious point was saved in this man’s -favour after conviction, when an arrest of judgment was -moved on the ground that the principal evidence against him -(an accomplice) was himself, after having been tried, and sentenced -to capital punishment, and, therefore, being dead in -law, could not be received as a competent witness. The objection -was, however, overruled by the judges in Dublin, on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span> -the ground that the man had received a pardon, and could be, -therefore, considered a living witness again.</p> - -<p>It was twenty-four years after the murder of Murty, -namely, in the spring of 1830, that a woman was making her -way across a stream running through a gentleman’s grounds -in the county of Sligo, when she was prevented by a caretaker, -who obliged her to turn back.</p> - -<p>“<i lang="ga">Skirria snivurth</i>,” exclaimed the woman with bitter earnestness, -“but don’t think, <i lang="ga">durneen sollagh</i> (dirty Cuffe) but -I know you well; an, thank God, any way ye can’t murther -<em>us</em>, as ye did Murty Lavan long ago.”</p> - -<p>Her words were heard by a policeman who chanced to be -angling along the stream, and who promptly brought her into -the presence of a magistrate, where, after the policeman had -stated what he heard, she attempted at first to draw in her -horns and retract her words.</p> - -<p>“Well, my good woman,” said the magistrate, “what expressions -were those you used just now?”</p> - -<p>“Ou, only some <i lang="ga">ramask</i> (nonsense), yer honour.”</p> - -<p>“Did you not accuse a man of murder?”</p> - -<p>“In onough, I dunno what I sed when the spalpeen gev us -the round, and the vexation was upon us.”</p> - -<p>“You must speak to the point, woman.”</p> - -<p>“Wethen sure yer honour wouldn’t be after mindin’ what an -oul’ hag sed when she was in the passion.”</p> - -<p>“Policeman, repeat the expressions exactly.”</p> - -<p>The policeman repeated his former statement.</p> - -<p>“Now swear the hag, and I warn her if she doesn’t tell -the whole truth, I will myself see her transported.”</p> - -<p>The woman, now thoroughly frightened, admitted that she -knew the person who prevented her from crossing the stream -to be Cuffe or Durneen, who was charged with having been -the principal in the murder of Murty the Shaker. Cuffe was -accordingly apprehended, and having been fully identified by -Murty’s wife, who was still in existence, having continued a -pensioner of the Mayo grand jury since her husband’s murder, -was committed to the Mayo jail, to the astonishment and regret -of his employer.</p> - -<p>The extraordinary part of Cuffe’s case seems to us not by -any means that he should have been detected after the lapse -of twenty-four years, but it does seem a singular fact indeed, -that, notwithstanding a description of him in the Hue and Cry -as the person who had struck the mortal blow with the -hatchet, and the large rewards offered for his apprehension, -he should have remained undiscovered for such a protracted -period, so immediately adjacent to the scene of his crime. -Most of our readers are aware that Sligo adjoins Mayo—nay, -the barony of Tirawley, in which the murder was perpetrated, -is only separated by the river Moy from the county of Sligo, -so that one portion of the town of Ballina is in Mayo, and the -other in Sligo; and yet, in all probability, were it not that -Providence directed the steps of the woman to that stream -for the first and last time in her life, he might have remained -there undiscovered to the end of his natural life, which could -not then be far distant, his head being completely silvered at -the time of his apprehension.</p> - -<p>While in prison, both before and after conviction, Cuffe’s -conduct, as it had been all along prior to his detection, was -peaceful, obliging, and amenable, comporting much better -with a pleasant and rather benevolent countenance, in which -there did not seem to be a single line indicative of an evil -disposition, than with the terrible crime he had been the -principal in committing.</p> - -<p>On the morning after M’Gennis had committed the extraordinary -suicide detailed in a former number, in the same -cell with him, Cuffe’s gaze continued to be fastened, as if by -fascination, on the body while it remained in the cell, and his -countenance wore an expression resembling a smile of gratified -wonder, as he frequently exclaimed in an under tone, “didn’t -he do it clever?” He strongly denied, however, as was before -stated, having witnessed the suicide, or known anything of -its being intended.</p> - -<p>His own death was calm and easy: in fact he seemed to have -died without a struggle; and so little did his punishment -after such a lapse of years seem to be considered as a necessary -atonement to justice, that we heard, during his execution, -Murty’s own brother, who was among the spectators, use the -expression, that it was a pity so many lives should be lost for -<em>such a rascal</em>.</p> - -<p>We should have remarked that on the morning of his execution -he requested of the benevolent and intelligent inspector -to allow him a tea breakfast. Indeed, it is a curious consideration -that animal gratification seems to be the predominant -object with a large proportion of persons on the eve of execution, -when hope becomes as nearly extinct as it <em>can</em> become -while life remains. In general, in such cases among the lower -class, there is a petition for a meat dinner, or a tea breakfast, -or both—a petition which, we need scarcely say, is in Ireland -generally granted.</p> - -<p>We recollect an instance where two persons under sentence -were breakfasting together, just previous to their execution, -having, among other materials, three eggs between them, -when one of them, having swallowed his first egg rapidly, -seized upon the other with the utmost greediness, while his -companion eyed him with a sickly smile that seemed to say -“you have outdone me to the last.”</p> - -<p>On another occasion we remember to have seen two convicts -on a cart with the ropes about their necks, who were to be -executed about fourteen miles from the prison, one of them -bearing with him in his fettered hands the remains of a loaf -he had been unable to finish at his breakfast, but still begged -permission to take with him, as he purposed to eat it, and did -so, on his way to the gallows.</p> - -<p class="right">A.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Evil Influence of Fashion.</span>—Never yet was a woman -<em>really</em> improved in attraction by mingling with the motley throng -of the fashionable world. She may learn to dress better, -to step more gracefully; her head may assume a more elegant -turn, her conversation become more polished, her air more -distinguished; but in point of <em>attraction</em> she acquires nothing. -Her simplicity of mind departs; her generous confiding impulses -of character are lost; she is no longer inclined to interpret -favourably of men and things; she listens, without believing, -sees without admiring; has suffered persecution -without learning mercy; and been taught to mistrust the candour -of others by the forfeiture of her own. The freshness -of her disposition has vanished with the freshness of her complexion; -hard lines are perceptible in her very soul, and crows-feet -contract her very fancy. No longer pure and fair as the -statue of alabaster, her beauty, like that of some painted -waxen effigy, is tawdry and meretricious. It is not alone the -rouge upon the cheek and the false tresses adorning the forehead -which repel the ardour of admiration; it is the artificiality -of mind with which such efforts are connected that -breaks the spell of beauty.—<cite>Mrs Gore.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Impossibility of Forgetting.</span>—In these opium ecstacies, -the minutest incidents of childhood, or forgotten scenes of later -years, were often revived. I could not be said to <em>recollect</em> -them; for if I had been told of them when waking, I should -not have been able to acknowledge them as parts of my past -experience. But, placed as they were before me, in dreamlike -intuitions, and clothed in all their evanescent circumstances -and accompanying feelings, I <em>recognised</em> them instantaneously. -I was once told by a near relative of mine, that -having in her childhood fallen into a river, and being on the -very verge of death but for the critical assistance which -reached her, she saw in a moment her whole life, in its minutest -incidents, arrayed before her simultaneously, as in a mirror, -and she had a faculty developed as suddenly, for comprehending -the whole and every part. This, from some opium -experiences of mine, I can believe. I have indeed seen the -same thing asserted twice in modern books, and accompanied -by a remark which I am convinced is true, viz, that the dread -book of account which the Scriptures speak of, is in fact -<em>the mind of each individual</em>. Of this at least I feel assured, -that there is no such thing as <em>forgetting</em> possible to the mind; -a thousand accidents may and will interpose a veil between -our present consciousness and the secret inscriptions on the -mind; accidents of the same sort will also rend away this veil; -but alike, whether veiled or unveiled, the inscription remains -for ever; just as the stars seem to withdraw before the common -light of day, whereas, in fact, we all know that it is the -light which is drawn over them as a veil, and that they are -waiting to be revealed when the obscuring daylight shall have -withdrawn.—<cite>Confessions of an Opium Eater.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4">There are few roses without thorns, and where is the heart -that hides not some sorrow in its secret depths?</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Printed and published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office -of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin.—Agents:—<span class="smcap">R. -Groombridge</span>, Panyer Alley, Paternoster Row, London; -<span class="smcap">Simms</span> and <span class="smcap">Dinham</span>, Exchange Street, Manchester; <span class="smcap">C. Davies</span>, North -John Street, Liverpool; <span class="smcap">John Menzies</span>, Prince’s Street, Edinburgh; -and <span class="smcap">David Robertson</span>, Trongate, Glasgow.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -46, May 15, 1841, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, MAY 15, 1841 *** - -***** This file should be named 55357-h.htm or 55357-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/3/5/55357/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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