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diff --git a/old/55196-0.txt b/old/55196-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1ba7713..0000000 --- a/old/55196-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1556 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 42, -April 17, 1841, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 42, April 17, 1841 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 24, 2017 [EBook #55196] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, APRIL 17, 1841 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 42. SATURDAY, APRIL 17, 1841. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: ANTRIM CASTLE, THE RESIDENCE OF THE EARL OF MASSARENE] - -The fine old mansion of the noble family of Skeffington, of which -our prefixed wood-cut will give a very correct general idea, is well -deserving of notice, not only from its grandeur of size and the beauty -of its situation, but still more as presenting an almost unique example, -in Ireland, of the style of domestic architecture introduced into the -British islands from France, immediately after the Restoration. - -This castle is generally supposed to have been erected in or about the -year 1662, by Sir John Clotworthy, Lord Massarene, who died in 1665, and -whose only daughter and heir, Mary, by her marriage with Sir John, the -fifth baronet of the Skeffington family, carried the Massarene estate and -title into the latter family. But though there can be no doubt, from the -architectural style of the building, that Antrim castle was re-edified -at this period, there is every reason to believe that it was founded -long before, and that it still preserves, to a great extent, the form -and walls of the original structure. The Castle of Antrim, or Massarene, -as it is now generally called, appears to have been originally erected -early in the reign of James I., by Sir Hugh Clotworthy, who, by the -establishment of King James I. had the charge of certain boats at -Massarene and Lough Sidney, or Lough Neagh, with an entertainment of five -shillings Irish by the day, and 18 men to serve in and about the said -boats, at ten-pence Irish by the day each. This grant was made to him by -patent for life, in 1609; and on a surrender of it to the king in 1618, -it was re-granted to him, and his son and heir John Clotworthy, with a -pension of six shillings and eight pence per day, and to the longer liver -of them for life, payable out of the revenue. For this payment Sir Hugh -Clotworthy and his son were to build and keep in repair such and so many -barks and boats as were then kept upon the lough, and under his command, -without any charge to the crown, to be at all times in readiness for -his Majesty’s use, as the necessity of his service should require. John -Clotworthy succeeded his father as captain of the barks and boats, by -commission dated the 28th January 1641, at 15s. a-day for himself; his -lieutenant, 4s.; the master, 4s.; master’s mate, 2s.; a master gunner, -1s. 6d.; two gunners, 12d.; and forty men at 8d. each. - -On the breaking out of the rebellion shortly afterwards, the garrison at -Antrim was considerably increased, and the fortifications of the castle -and town were greatly strengthened by Sir John Clotworthy, who became -one of the most distinguished leaders of the parliamentary forces in the -unhappy conflict which followed. Still commanding the boats of Lough -Neagh, that magnificent little inland sea, as we may not very improperly -call it, became the scene of many a hard contest between the contending -parties, of one of which Sir R. Cox gives the following graphic account. -It took place in 1642. - -“But the reader will not think it tedious to have a description of -a naval battel in Ireland, which happened in this manner: Sir John -Clotworthy’s regiment built a fort at Toom, and thereby got a convenience -to pass the Ban at pleasure, and to make incursions as often as he -pleased into the county of Londonderry. To revenge this, the Irish -garrison at Charlemont built some boats, with which they sailed down the -Black-water into Loughneagh and preyed and plundered all the borders -thereof. Hereupon, those at Antrim built a boat of twenty tun, and -furnished it with six brass guns; and they also got six or seven lesser -boats, and in them all they stowed three hundred men, under the command -of Lieutenant-Colonel Owen O’Conally (the discoverer of the rebellion, -who was a stout and active man) and Captain Langford. These sailed over -the lough, and landed at the mouth of the Black-water, where they cast -up two small forts, and returned. But the Irish found means to pass -by these forts, in dark nights, and not only continued their former -manner of plundering, but also raised a small fort at Clanbrazill, to -protect their fleet upon any emergency. Upon notice of this, Conally and -Langford manned out their navy again, and met the Irish near the shore -of Clanbrazill; whereupon a naval battel ensued: but the rebels being -fresh-water soldiers, were soon forced on shore; and the victors pursuing -their fortune, followed them to the fort, and forced them to surrender -it: and in this expedition sixty rebels were slain, and as many were -taken prisoners, which, together with the boats, were brought in triumph -to Antrim.” - -But Sir John Clotworthy’s little fleet were not always so successful -against the Irish as on this occasion. In an Irish MS. journal of the -rebellion it is stated that on the 15th September 1645, a boat belonging -to the governor of Massarene was captured by Sir Felim O’Neil, in which -were two brass cannon, ten muskets, twelve barrels of salted fish, some -sailors, and a company of soldiers. They brought it to the mouth of the -river Black-water, at Charlemont. The journalist coolly adds, “Some of -the men were hanged, and some redeemed!” And again, according to the same -authority, in May 1646, Sir Felim had the good fortune to capture seven -boats, taking fourteen men prisoners, and killing above twenty more. -However, upon the whole, the governor of Massarene did good service to -the cause of the Protector, for which, in consideration of the surrender -of his pension of 6s. 8d. a-day, &c. an indenture was perfected on the -14th of August 1656 between the Protector and him, whereby a lease was -granted him for 99 years of Lough Neagh, with the fishing and soil -thereof, and the islands therein, and also the lough and river of Ban, -and as far as the Salmon-leap, containing six salmon-fishings, and -two mixed fishings of salmon and eels, &c.; and being instrumental in -forwarding the restoration of King Charles II. after Cromwell’s death, -he was raised to the peerage by patent, dated at Westminster, Nov. 21, -1660, by the title of Baron of Lough Neagh and Viscount Massarene, -entailing the honours, in case of failure of his issue male, on Sir John -Skeffington and his issue male, with whom they have since remained. A new -patent, constituting Sir John Skeffington captain of Lough Neagh, was -granted to him in 1680. - -We shall conclude with a few words upon the castle itself, which is -beautifully situated at the extremity of the principal street of the town -of Antrim, on the banks of the Six-mile-water river, and immediately -contiguous to Lough Neagh. The entrance from the town is through a fine -gate-house, in the Tudor style of architecture, built of cut lime-stone, -and closed by two folding-doors of cast iron, which are opened from a -room overhead by means of machinery. The principal front of the castle -faces the gate-house, and is in the centre of a curtain wall, connecting -two large square towers placed at the angles of the building, and which -again have smaller circular towers at three of their angles. This front -is approached by a magnificent double stone staircase, and presents a -great variety of enrichments in the French style of the seventeenth -century, and is also decorated with shields having the armorial bearings -of the founder’s family, and with medallions containing the portraits -of Charles I. and II. The greatest length of the castle, however, runs -parallel with the river, from which it is separated only by a low parapet -wall, while the terraces of the gardens are situated on the other side. -These gardens are no less attractive than the castle itself, with which -they appear to be of equal age; they are laid out in the French style, -the flower-beds being formed into a variety of patterns, among which -that of the _fleur-de-lis_ is the most common and conspicuous. This -design is in its way extremely beautiful, and to carry it out fully, no -expense or trouble seems to have been spared. The borders are often of -triple and quadruple rows of box, between which is laid fine gravel of -different colours, which adds greatly to the effect. It is said that -a red kind of this gravel was imported from Holland, and cost upwards -of 1s. 2d. a quart. This garden is traversed from east to west by a -succession of fish-ponds, of which the most central one is circular, and -the rest oblong: and miniature cascades conduct the water from the most -elevated of these ponds to the lowest. The timber in this garden is of -great age and beauty, particularly the lime and oak; and it contains two -or three specimens of the rhododendron, which are celebrated for their -magnificence, being fully fifteen feet in height, and of corresponding -circumference. - -The house contains some fine pictures and curious articles of antique -furniture. - - P. - - - - -ORIGIN AND MEANINGS OF IRISH FAMILY NAMES. - -BY JOHN O’DONOVAN. - -Second Article. - - -In returning to the subject of the origin of Irish family names, I feel -it necessary to adduce two or three additional instances of the erroneous -statements put forward by Mr Beauford, as they have had such an injurious -influence with subsequent Irish writers on this subject:-- - -3. “OSRAGH, derived from _Uys raigagh_, or the kingdom between the -waters, the present Ossory, called also Hy Paudruig, or the district of -the country between the rivers, &c., the hereditary chiefs of which were -denominated _Giolla Paudruig_, or the chief of the country between the -rivers, called also _Mac Giolla Padruic_,” &c. - -This seems an exquisite specimen of etymological induction, and I have -often heard it praised as beautiful and ingenious; but it happens that -every assertion made in it is untrue! _Osragii_ is not the Irish name of -this territory, but the Latinized form of the name of the inhabitants. -Again, _Osragii_ is not compounded of _Uys_ and _raigagh_; and even if -it were, these two vocables are not Irish words, and could not mean -what is above asserted, the kingdom between the waters. Again, Ossory -was never called _Hy Pau-druic_, and even if it were, _Hy Pau-druic_ -would not mean “district of the country between the rivers.” Next, the -hereditary chiefs were not denominated _Giolla Paudruic_, but _Mic -Giolla Paudruic_ (a name afterwards anglicized Fitzpatrick), from an -ancestor called _Giolla Paudruic_, who was chief of Ossory in the tenth -century, and who is mentioned in all the authentic Irish annals as -having been killed by Donovan, the son of Imar, king of the Danes of -Waterford, in the year 975. Moreover, _Giolla-Phadruic_, the name of -this chieftain, does not mean “chief of the country between the rivers,” -as Mr Beauford would have us believe, but _servant of Saint Patrick_, -which, as a man’s name, became very common in Ireland shortly after the -introduction of Christianity, for at this time the Irish were accustomed -to give their children names not only after the Irish apostle, but also -after other distinguished saints of the primitive Irish church; and the -names of these saints were not at this period adopted as the names of -the children, but the word _Giolla_, or _Maol_, servant, was generally -prefixed to the names of the saints to form those of the children: -thus, _Giolla Padruic_, the servant of St Patrick; _Giolla Ciarain_, -the servant of St Kieran; _Giolla Caoimhghin_, the servant of St Kevin; -_Giolla Coluim_, the servant of St Columb, &c. - -4. “CONMAICNE MARA, or the chief tribe on the great sea, comprehending -the western parts of the county of Galway on the sea coast; it was -also called _Conmaicne ira_, or the chief tribe in the west, and _Iar -Connaught_, that is, west Connaught; likewise _Hy Iartagh_, or the -western country: the chiefs of which were denominated Hy Flaherty or -O’Flaherty, that is, the chief of the nobles of the western country, and -containing the present baronies of Morogh, Moycullen, and Ballinahinch.” - -This is also full of bold assertions, unsupported by history or -etymology. _Conmaicne_ does not mean the chief tribe, but the race of -a chieftain called Conmac; _Conmaicne mara_, which is now anglicised -Connamara, was never called _Conmaicne ira_, and _Conmaicne mara_ and -_Iar Connaught_ are not now coextensive, nor were they considered to be -so at any period of Irish history. _Conmaicne mara_ was never called -Hy Iartagh, and O’Flaherty was not the ancient chief of _Conmaicne -mara_, for O’Flaherty was located in the plains of Moy Seola, lying -eastwards of Lough Corrib, until he was driven across that lake into -the wilds of Connamara by the De Burgos in the 13th century. Again, the -surname O’Flaherty does not mean “the chief of the nobles of the western -district,” but is derived from _Flaithbheartach_, who was chief of _Hy -Briuin Seola_, not of _Conmaicne mara_, in the tenth century; and this -chief was not the first who received the name, for it was the name of -hundreds of far more distinguished chieftains who flourished in other -parts of Ireland many centuries before him, and O’Flaherty became the -name of a far more powerful family located in the north of Ireland; which -shows that the name has no reference to north or west, but must look for -its origin to some other source. Now, to any one acquainted with the -manner in which compound words are formed in the Irish language, it will -be obvious that the name _Flaithbheartach_ is not derived from a locality -or territory, but that it is formed from _flaith_, a chief, and _beart_, -a deed or exploit, in the following manner: _flaith_, a lord or chief, -_flaithbheart_, a lordly deed or exploit; and by adding the adjective -and personal termination _ach_ (which has nearly the same power with -the Latin _ax_), we have _flaithbheartach_, meaning the lordly-deeded, -or a man of lordly or chieftain-like exploits. According to the same -mechanism, which is simple and regular, are formed several other compound -words in this language, as _oirbheart_, a noble deed; _oirbheartach_, -noble-deeded, &c. - -Finally, Mr Beauford is wrong in the extent which he gives to _Conmaicne -mara_. He is wrong in giving _Morogh_ as the name of a modern barony, -for there is none such in existence; and we have the most indisputable -evidence to prove that the territory of _Conmaicne mara_, now called -Connamara, never since the dawn of authentic history comprised more than -one barony. It is to be regretted that these etymological phantasies of -Mr Beauford about the country of O’Flaherty are received as true history -by the O’Flahertys themselves, and repeated in modern topographical and -literary productions of great merit. - -I shall give one specimen more of this writer’s erroneous mode of -explaining topographical names, and I shall then have done with him. - -5. “CAIRBRE AOBHDHA, or the district on the water, from _cairbre_, a -district, and _aobhdha_, waters; the present barony of Kenry, in the -county of Limerick. This country was also denominated _Hy dun na bhan_, -or the hilly district on the river; the ancient chiefs whereof were -called Hy Dun Navan or O’Donovan, that is, the chiefs of the hilly -country on the river.” - -Here every single assertion comprises a separate error. _Cairbre_ does -not mean a district, and _aobhdha_ does not mean waters. This territory -was not otherwise called Hy Dunnavan; and even if it were, that name -would not mean “the hilly district on the river.” Again, the territory -of _Cairbre Aobhdha_ is not the barony of Kenry, neither is it a hilly -district, but one of the most level plains in all Ireland; and lastly, -the name O’Donovan does not moan “chiefs of the hilly district on the -river,” for this family name was called after Donovan, the son of Cathal, -chief of the Hy Figeinte, a people whose country extended from the river -Shannon to the summit of Slieve Logher in the county of Kerry, and from -Bruree and the river Maigue westwards to the verge of the present county -of Kerry. He flourished in the tenth century, and was killed by the -famous Brian Boru in a pitched battle, fought in the year 977; and his -name was derived, not from his “hilly country on the river” Maigue, as -Mr Beauford would have us believe (though it must be acknowledged that -he resided at Bruree, which is a _dun-abhann_, or dun of the river), but -from the colour of his hair; for the name is written by Mac Firbis and -others _Dondubhan_, which signifies _brown-haired chief_. - -I trust I have now clearly proved the fallacy of Mr Beauford’s mode of -investigating the origin and meaning of the names of Irish families -and territories. It is by processes similar to the five specimens -above given that he has attempted to demonstrate his theory, that the -names of Irish tribes and families were derived from the territories -and localities in which they dwelt, a theory never heard of before his -time; for up to the time of the writers of the _Collectanea de Rebus -Hibernicis_, all were agreed that the Irish tribes took their surnames -from certain distinguished ancestors, while the Saxons and Anglo-Normans -took theirs generally from their territories and places of residence. For -further information on this subject I refer the reader to Verstegan’s -work, entitled “Restitution of Decayed Intelligence” and Camden’s -“Remains.” The learned Roderic O’Flaherty, in his Ogygia Vindicated, -p. 170, speaks on this subject in terms which Mr Beauford could not -have mistaken. “The custom of our ancestors was not to take names and -creations from places and countries as it was with other nations, but to -give the name of the family to the seigniory by them occupied.” - -To prove that I am not alone in the estimate that I have thus formed of -the speculations of Mr Beauford, I shall here cite the opinions of a -gentleman, the best acquainted of all modern writers with this subject, -the venerable Charles O’Conor, of Belanagare, who, in a letter to the -Chevalier Thomas O’Gorman, dated May 31, 1783, speaking of two tracts -which he had published, to refute some errors of Dr Ledwich and Mr -Beauford, says-- - -“Both were drawn from me to refute very injurious as well as very false -representations published in the 9th number of the same Collectanea by -Mr Ledwich, minister of Achaboe, and Mr Beauford, a schoolmaster in -Athy. Little moved by any thing I have written against these gentlemen, -the latter published his Topography of Ireland in the 11th number, the -most flagrant imposition that I believe ever appeared in our own or in -any age. This impelled me to resume the subject of our antiquities, and -add the topography of Ireland, as divided into districts and tribes in -the second century; a most curious record, preserved in the Lecan and -Glendalough collections, as well as in your Book of Ballymote. I have -shown that Beauford, a stranger to our old language, had but very slight -materials for our ancient topography, and distorted such as he had to a -degree which has no parallel, except perhaps in the dreams of a sick man -in a phrenzy.”[1] - -Again, the same gentleman, writing to his friend J. C. Walker on the same -subject, expresses himself as follows:-- - -“Mr Beauford has given me satisfaction in his tract on our ancient -literature, published in the Collectanea, and yet, in his ancient -topography of Ireland, a book as large as his own might be written to -detect his mistakes.” - -It is quite obvious from the whole testimony of authentic Irish history -that the names of tribes in Ireland were not derived from the territories -and localities in which they dwelt, but from distinguished ancestors; for -nine-tenths of the names of territories, and of the names of the tribes -inhabiting them, are identical. The tribe names were formed from those of -the progenitors, by prefixing the following words:-- - - 1. _Corc_, _Corca_, race, progeny, as _Corc-Modhruadh_, now - Corcomroe in Clare, _Corca-Duibhne_, now Corcaguinny in Kerry. - - 2. _Cineal_, race, descendants; _cineal Eoghain_, the race of - Eoghan; _cineal Conaill_, the race of Conall. This word is - translated _Genus_ throughout the Annals of Ulster. - - 3. _Clann_, children, descendants; as _clann Colmain_, the tribe - name of a great branch of the southern Hy-Niall. - - 4. _Dal_, tribe, descendants, as _Dal-Riada_, _Dal-Araidhe_, - _Dal-g-cais_, _Dal Mesincorb_, &c. This word has been explained - by the venerable Bede, and from him by Cormac Mac Cullenan, - archbishop of Cashel, as signifying _part_ or _portion_ in - the Scottic language; but from the manner in which it is used - in Irish genealogies, this would appear to be but a secondary - and figurative meaning. O’Flaherty seems to doubt that this - word could be properly translated _part_; but Charles O’Conor, - who gave much consideration to the subject, writes in a note - to Ogygia Vindicated, p. 175, “that _dal_ properly signifies - posterity, _or descent by blood_; but in an enlarged and - figurative sense it signifies a district, that is, the division - or part allotted to such posterity: that of this double sense - we have numberless instances, and that in this _second sense_ - Bede’s interpretation is doubtlessly admissible.” - - 5. _Muintir_, family, people; as _Muintir Murchadha_, the tribe - name which the O’Flahertys bore before the establishment of - surnames. - - 6. _Siol_, seed, progeny; as _Siol Aodha_, seed of Hugh, the - tribe name of a branch of the Mac Namaras in Thomond; _Siol - Maoluidhir_, the progeny of Maeleer, a great tribe in Leinster, - who gave name to the territory of Shelmalier, in the county of - Wexford. - - 7. _Tealach_, family; as _Telach Eathach_, the family of Eochy, - the tribe name of the Magaurans in Breffney. - - 8. _Sliocht_, posterity; as _Sliocht Aodha Slaine_, the progeny - of King Hugh Slany in Meath. - - 9. _Ua_, grandson, descendant; nominative plural, _ui_; dative - or ablative, _uibh_. This prefix in its upright uninflected - form appears in the names of Irish tribes oftener than any of - the other seven. Some ignorant Irish scribes have supposed - that it signifies a region or country, and some of the modern - transcribers of Keating’s History of Ireland have taken the - liberty to corrupt it to _aoibh_, a form not to be found in any - ancient or correct MS. In support of the meaning above given may - be adduced the high authority of Adamnan, abbot of Iona in the - 7th century, who, in his life of his predecessor St Columbkille, - invariably renders _ua_, _ui_, _uibh_, _nepos_, _nepotes_, - _nepotibus_, in conformity with his habitual substitution of - Latin equivalents for Irish tribe names, as often as he found it - practicable. Thus, in the 16th chapter of the second book, he - renders _Ua Briuin_, _nepos Briuni_; in the 5th chapter of the - third book he translates _Ua Ainmirech_, _nepos Ainmirech_; in - the 17th chapter of the same book he translates _Ua Liathain_, - _nepos Liathain_; in the 49th chapter of the first book he - renders _Ui Neill_, _nepotes Nelli_, i.e., the race of Niall; and - in the 22d chapter of the same book he translates _Ui Tuirtre_, - _nepotes Tuitre_. - -We have also for the same interpretation the authority of the annalist -Tigernach, who, in his Annals of Ireland at the year 714, translates _Ui -Eachach_ (now Iveagh, in the county Down), _nepotes Eochaidh_. - -On this subject it may not be uninteresting to the reader to hear the -opinion of the learned Roderic O’Flaherty. Treating of the Hy Cormaic, a -tribe located near Lough Foyle, in the present county of Londonderry, he -says-- - -“_Hy_ or _I_ (which calls for an explanation) is the plural number -from _Hua_ or _O_, a grandson, and is frequently prefixed to the names -of progenitors of families, as well to particularize the families as -the lands they possess, as _Dal_, _Siol_, _Clann_, _Kinel_, _Mac_, -_Muintir_, _Teallach_, or any such name, pursuant to the adoptive power -of custom.”--_Ogygia_, Part III. Chap. 76. - -Besides the words above enumerated, after which the names of progenitors -are placed, there are others to be met with after which the names of -territories are placed, as _Aes_, people; _Fir_ or _Feara_, men; _Aicme_, -tribe; and _Pobul_, people; as _Aes Greine_, i.e., _the people of Grian_, -a tribe located in the present county of Limerick; _Aes tri Magh_, _the -people of the three plains_, in the same county; _Feara Muighe Feine_, -_the men of Moy Feine_, now Fermoy, in the county of Cork; _Fir Rois_, -_the men of Ross_, the name of a tribe in the present county of Monaghan; -_Feara Arda_, i.e., _the men of Ard_, a tribe in the present county of -Louth; _Pobul Droma_, in Tipperary. - -Many other names were formed by a mode not unlike the Latin and Greek -method, that is, by adding certain terminations to the name or cognomen -of the ancestors of the tribes. These terminations are generally -_raighe_, _aighe_, _ne_, and _acht_, as _Caenraighe_, _Muscraighe_, -_Dartraighe_, _Calraighe_, _Ciarraighe_, _Tradraighe_, _Greagraighe_, -_Ernaidhe_, _Mairtine_, _Conmaicne_, _Olnegmacht_, _Connacht_, -_Cianacht_, _Eoghanacht_, &c. &c. This is the usual form of the tribe -names among the descendants of the Belgic families enumerated in the -Books of Lecan and Glendalough, as existing in Ireland in the first -century, and it is not improbable that the tribe names given on Ptolemy’s -Map of Ireland are partly fanciful translations, and partly modifications -of them. - -It appears from the authentic Irish annals, and the whole tenor of Irish -history, that the Irish people were distinguished by tribe names _only_ -up to the period of the monarch Brian Boru, who published an edict that -the descendants of the heads of tribes and families then in power should -take name from them, either from the fathers or grandfathers, and that -these names should become hereditary and remain fixed for ever. To this -period we must refer the origin of family names or surnames. - -Previously to this reign the Irish people were divided into various -great tribes commanded by powerful chieftains, usually called kings, and -these great tribes were further sub-divided into several minor ones, -each commanded by a petty chieftain, but who was subject to the control -of the _Righ_, or head of the great tribe. Thus, in Thomond the name of -the great tribe was _Dal Cais_, from Cormac Cas, the progenitor of the -regal family, and of all the sub-tribes into which this great race was -divided. Immediately before the establishment of surnames, Brian Boru, -whose descendants took the name of O’Brien, was the leader and supposed -senior representative of this great race; but there were various other -tribes under him, known by various appellations, as the _Hy-Caisin_ -otherwise _clann Cuileain_, who after the reign of Brian took the name of -Mac Namara; the _Kinel-Fearmaic_, who took the name of O’Dea; _Muintir -Iffernain_, who took the name of O’Quin; the _Kinel Donghaile_, who -took the name of O’Grady; the _Sliocht Dunchuain_, who took the name of -O’Kennedy; the _Hy-Ronghaile_, who took the name of O’Shanaghan; the -_Hy-Kearney_, who took the name of O’Ahern, &c. - -The chiefs of these tribes had generally the names of their fathers -postfixed to their own, and sometimes, but not often, those of their -grandfathers; but previous to the reign of Brian in the tenth century, -these appellations changed in every generation. - -The next article shall treat of surnames. - -[1] Original in possession of Messrs Hodges and Smith, College Green, -Dublin. - - - - -BOYHOOD AND MANHOOD. - - - Oh, for the merry, merry month of June, - When I was a little lad! - When the small birds’ throats were all in tune, - And the very fields were glad. - And the flowers that alas! were to fade too soon, - In their holiday clothes were clad. - - Oh, I remember--remember well, - The scent of the morning grass, - Nor was there a sight, sweet sound, or sweet smell, - That can e’er from my memory pass: - For they lie on my heart with the power of a spell, - Like the first love I felt for a lass. - - Ay, there is the river in which I swam, - The field where I used to play-- - The fosse where I built the bridge and the dam, - And the oak in whose shade I lay: - But, oh, how changed a thing I am! - And how unchanged are they! - - Time was--ah! that was the happy time!-- - When I longed a man to be; - When a shaven chin was a thing sublime-- - And a fine thing to be free: - And methought I had nought to do but climb - To the height of felicity. - - But, alas! my beard is waxen grey - Since I mingled among men; - And I’m not much wiser, nor half so gay, - Nor so good as I was then;-- - And I’d give much more than I care to say - To be a boy again. - - N. - - * * * * * - -OLD AGE.--Remember, old man, that you are now in the waning, and the -date of your pilgrimage well nigh expired; and now that it behoveth you -to look towards your final accounting, your force languisheth, your -senses impair, your body droops, and on every side the ruinous cottage -of your faint and feeble flesh threateneth the fall; and having so many -harbingers of death to premonish you of your end, how can you but prepare -for so dreadful a stranger? The young man may die quickly, but the old -man cannot live long; the young man’s life by casualty may be abridged, -but the old man’s term by no physic can be long adjourned; and therefore, -if green years should sometimes think of the grave and the judgment, the -thoughts of old age should continually dwell on the same.--_Remains of -Sir Walter Raleigh._ - - - - -EXTRAORDINARY DETECTION OF MURDER. - - -It is a speculation perhaps equally interesting to the philosophic as to -the untutored mind, and dwelt on with as much placidity by the one as by -the other, to reflect on the various and extraordinary modes by which -the hand of Providence has through all ages withdrawn the dark mantle of -concealment from the murderer’s form, and stamped condemnation on his -brow--sometimes before the marks of the bloody deed were yet dried, and -sometimes after long years of security had seemed to insure final escape, -whether the detection arose from some peculiar circumstance awaking -remorse so powerfully as to compel the murderer to self-accusation -through an ungovernable impulse; from the hauntings of guilty terror; -from over-anxiety to avoid suspicion; or from some utterly slight and -unforeseen casualty. - -The popular belief has always been, that of all criminals the shedder of -blood _never_ escapes detection and punishment even in this life; and -though a very limited experience may show the fallacy of such belief as -regards the vengeance man can inflict, who may conceive that inflicted by -the tortured conscience?--that hell which even the unbeliever does not -mock, which permits neither hope nor rest, invests the summer sunshine -with a deeper blackness than that of midnight, peoples the air with -moving and threatening spectres, embodies the darkness into terrible -shapes, and haunts even slumber with visionary terrors more hideous than -the worst realities. - -The records of crime in our own and other countries contain numerous -striking examples of the detection of murder by singular and sometimes -apparently trivial means. These have appeared in a variety of published -forms, and are of course generally known; but we shall select a few -unpublished instances which have come within our own cognizance, and seem -to us to possess peculiar and striking features of their own, in the hope -that they may be found to possess some interest for the readers of the -Irish Penny Journal. - -The case we shall first select, not so much for the manner of the -murderer’s detection as for the singular plan he struck out to escape -suspicion, and the strange circumstances connected with the crime and its -punishment altogether, is that of a man named M’Gennis, for the murder of -his wife. - -M’Gennis, when we saw him on his trial, was a peculiarly powerful-looking -man, standing upwards of six feet, strongly proportioned, and evidently -of great muscular strength. His countenance, however, was by no means -good, his face being colourless, his brow heavy, and the whole cast of -his features stern and forbidding. From his appearance altogether he -struck us at once as one eminently fitted and likely to have played a -conspicuous part in the faction fights so common during his youth at -our fairs and markets. But though we made several inquiries both then -and since, we could not learn that he had ever been prominent in such -scenes, or remarkable for a quarrelsome disposition. He was a small -farmer, residing at a village nearly in a line between the little town of -Claremorris, and the still smaller but more ancient one of Ballyhaunis, -near the borders of Mayo. With him lived his mother and wife, a very -comely young woman, it is said, to whom he had not been long married at -the time of the perpetration of the murder, and with whom he had never -had any previous altercation such as to attract the observation or -interference of the neighbours. - -It was on a market evening of Claremorris, in the year 1830, that the -mother of M’Gennis, a withered hag, almost doubled with age, and who on -our first seeing her strongly reminded us of the witches that used, in -description at least, to frighten and fascinate our boyhood, hobbled with -great apparent terror into the cabin nearest her own, and alarmed the -occupants by stating that she had heard a noise in the potato room, and -that she feared her daughter-in-law was doing some harm to herself. Two -or three of them accordingly returned speedily with her, and, entering -the room, saw the lifeless body of the unfortunate young woman lying on -the potatoes in a state of complete nudity. There was no blood or mark of -violence on any part of the body, except the face and throat, round the -latter of which a slight handkerchief was suffocatingly tied, by which -she had evidently been strangled, as both face and neck were blackened -and swollen. - -Who then had perpetrated the deed? was the question whispered by all the -neighbours as they came and went. M’Gennis, according to his mother’s -account, had not yet returned from the market; the hag herself would not -have had strength to accomplish the murder even if bloody-minded enough -to attempt it, and it was next to an impossibility that the young woman -herself could have committed self-destruction in _that_ manner. - -While the callous hag was so skilfully supporting her part in the -murderous drama, the chief performer, who had not been seen to return -from the market, immediately after the commission of the horrid deed, -through whatever motive he had done it, crossed a neighboring river to -Bricken, where it intersects the high-road by means of stepping-stones, -as bridge it had none,[2] though it is occasionally in winter a furious -torrent. On the opposite side he chanced to meet a country tailor (we -forget his name), who was proceeding from one village to another, to -exercise his craft in making and mending; and the devil suggesting a plan -on the spur of the moment, which was to recoil with destruction on his -guilty head, he forced the tailor to take on his knees the most fearful -oaths that he would never divulge what should then be revealed to him, -and that he would act in strict conformity with the directions he should -receive, threatening, if he refused compliance, to beat out his brains -with a stone, and then fling him into the river. - -The affrighted tailor having of course readily taken the required oaths, -M’Gennis confessed to him the murder of his wife, using at the same time -horrible imprecations, that if ever a word on the subject escaped the -tailor’s lips, he would, _dead or alive_, take the most deadly vengeance -on him. He then proceeded to cut and dinge his hat in several places, and -inflict various scratches on his hands and face, directing the tailor -to assert that he had found _him_ attacked by four men on the road, on -his return from Claremorris; after which, to give the more appearance -of probability to the tale, he obliged his involuntary accessory after -the fact (as the law has it) to bear him on his back to a cabin at some -distance, as if the murderer were too weak to proceed himself after the -violent assault committed on him. And here, if we could venture to raise -a smile in the course of so revolting a detail, we would observe, that it -must have been a ludicrous sight to see the tailor, who was but a meagre -specimen of humanity, trailing along the all but giant frame of the -murderer. The poor tailor’s own feelings were, however, at the time much -more akin to mortal terror than to mirth or humour, as he found at the -same time his mind burdened with an unwished-for, terrible, and dangerous -secret, and himself in company with the murderer, who might at any moment -change his mind, repent his confession, and take _his_ life too. - -On reaching the cabin, the tailor told the story of the pretended -attack, as he had been directed, while M’Gennis himself, showing his -scratches, and detailing in a weak voice the assault on him by men he -did not know, affected such faintness as to fall from the chair on which -he had been placed. A farrier was then procured at his request; and to -such lengths did he proceed with the plan he had struck out, that he got -himself blooded, though the farrier shrewdly perceived at the same time -(according to his after evidence) that there seemed to be no weakness -whatever about him, except in his voice, and that his pulse was strong -and regular. - -It may seem strange at first that M’Gennis should have divulged to the -tailor, an entire stranger, the secret of his guilt, then unknown to any -being on earth but his mother; an instant’s reflection will show us that -when once the thought occurred to make use of the tailor’s assistance -in the manner described to aid him in avoiding detection, he might just -as well confess the whole terrible secret, which, coming from _him_, -would strike additional terror--the only engine on which he could rely -for procuring the secrecy and assistance he required. Accordingly, so -strongly was the terror impressed, that on the following day the tailor -disappeared from that part of the country, and reappeared not, though -M’Gennis and his mother were at once committed on suspicion, till the -approach of the ensuing assizes, when he came forward, probably as much -induced by the large reward offered for the murderer’s conviction, as -for the purpose of disburdening himself of his fearful secret in aiding -justice. - -There was much interest excited at those assizes, we recollect, by the -trial of M’Gennis and his mother, who were arraigned together, and of a -grey-haired man named Cuffe, for a murder committed twenty-four years -previously, of which more anon; and with respect to the former parties, -there was unmixed abhorrence expressed by the numerous auditors. It -was indeed a revolting sight, and one not readily to be forgotten, the -towering and powerfully proportioned son in the prime of life, and -apparently with the most hardened callousness, standing side by side -to be tried for the same heinous offence with his withered parent, -whose age-bowed head scarce reached his shoulder, while her rheumed and -still rat-like eye wandered with an eager and restless gaze round the -court, as if she was only alive to the novelty of the scene, and utterly -unconcerned for the fearful position she stood in. It was absolutely -heart-sickening to see how repeatedly the wretched hag pulled her guilty -son towards her during the trial, to whisper remarks and inquiries, -frequently altogether unconnected with the evidence, and the crime she -was accused of and believed to have instigated and aided in. - -Even in the strongly guarded court, it was on the side of the dock -remotest from where M’Gennis stood that the tailor ventured forward to -give his evidence, though the murderer’s reckless hardihood of bearing -altered not for a moment, either in consequence of his appearance, or -during the course of his evidence; in fact, he seemed to be principally -occupied in answering his mother’s queries, and quieting her. - -The testimony of the tailor, bearing strongly the impress of truth, -singular as it was, was strengthened by that of the brother of the -deceased, who seemed greatly affected while deposing that he had -met M’Gennis in Claremorris on the day of the murder, and that the -handkerchief afterwards found round his sister’s neck had been worn by -the murderer on that occasion. There was not an iota of evidence for the -prisoners, and accordingly a verdict against the son was instantly handed -in, though the vile hag was acquitted for want of substantiating evidence -against her, to the regret of a crowded court. - -After condemnation, M’Gennis was placed in the same cell with Cuffe, -the other murderer, who had been also convicted; and nothing could be -more dissimilar than their demeanour while together. Cuffe was calm, -communicative, and apparently penitent, while M’Gennis was sullen and -silent; nor could all the exertions of the clergymen who attended him -induce him to acknowledge either guilt or repentance. On the morning -after conviction, an alarm was given in the cell by Cuffe, and on -entering, the turnkeys found that M’Gennis had anticipated the hangman’s -office, by rather strangling than hanging himself. He had effected the -suicide by means of a slight kerchief appended to the latch of the door, -which was scarcely three feet from the floor, and on a level with which -he had brought his neck, by shooting the lower portion of his body along -the cell-flags from the door; and perhaps not the least remarkable fact -connected with this extraordinary suicide is, that the handkerchief was -the very one with which he had effected the murder of his wife, and -which had been produced on the trial. It is very unusual for any article -produced in evidence to find its way to the dock, but in this case it -appears the handkerchief must by some strange casualty have come into the -hands of the murderer again; and having soaped it highly (he was allowed -soap even in the condemned cell), he consummated his fearful deeds with -it. - -Shortly after the discovery of the suicide, we among others visited the -cell to see the body, when, in a conversation with the acute and highly -intelligent physician to the prison, he observed what iron nerves the -murderer must have possessed to effect such a suicide, as from his own -height, and the lowness of the latch, he must, in order to complete the -strangulation, have persevered for several minutes in keeping his neck -strained, during any one of which, up to the last few, he might have -readily recovered himself. The body was still stretched on the flags, and -exhibited the appearance of a very powerful frame; and when we considered -the desperate and utterly fearless mind that had actuated it, it struck -us, and others who spoke on the same subject, with more surprise than -ever, that M’Gennis should not have been implicated in outrage and -bloodshed long before. Such, however, it would appear, was not the case. - -On being examined at the inquest, the other occupant of that fearful -cell denied all knowledge of his brother convict’s intention to commit -suicide, or of his having committed it, until morning, stating that -he had slept soundly, and heard no noise whatever during the night--a -circumstance which seems rather curious, as the cell was but of small -dimensions, and M’Gennis must have certainly made some noise, from the -manner in which he had perpetrated the horrid deed. On the other hand, it -is well known that persons, no matter how restless or uneasy they may -have been previously, almost invariably sleep soundly on the night before -execution. All doubts and uncertainty are then over: the mental struggle -has ceased. - -Rumours, indeed, were afloat that Cuffe had witnessed the commission -of the suicide, and that M’Gennis had urged him to do the like also, -in order not to give their enemies and the crowd the gratification of -witnessing their execution. But how could this circumstance be known, -as Cuffe himself did not admit it? Another rumour was, that M’Gennis’s -mother, at parting with him, had instigated him to the terrible act; and -this we would be more inclined to give credit to, from what we have heard -of her character, as well as from our own observation of her demeanour -throughout the trial. - -The crime of murder is always that most revolting and abhorrent to our -nature; but when committed on our bosom partner, whom we have sworn -to defend and cherish, and who in her helplessness looks up to us as -her only stay and protection on earth, it assumes an utterly fiendish -character. That it was felt to be so in M’Gennis’s case, unfortunately -prone as we sometimes are to have sympathy for crime, we were ourselves -a witness, as, on the verdict against him being proclaimed, there was -an audible buzz of applause through the court; and when the account of -his suicide afterwards became public, men expressed the most heart-felt -gratification that the world was rid of such a fiend. Yet, singular -it is that never since has it transpired, at least as far as we could -learn, what motive M’Gennis could have had for the murder of his wife, -to whom, as was before stated, he had not been long married. Reports -there were, to be sure, that the wife and mother had led an uncomfortable -and bickering life since coming together--unfortunately a very frequent -case, and one which often produces much misery and crime in humble -life; and that it was in consequence of the division of some milk at -their homely evening meal, that an altercation arose, which, through -the hag’s instigation, led to the destruction of the daughter-in-law, -and eventually to that of the son. But as these rumours only became -current after the murder, it is not easy to attach much credit to them, -especially if we place any reliance on the statement that M’Gennis had -returned home from Claremorris through fields and bye-paths to avoid -being seen, as if he had been contemplating the crime. At all events, -whether he had contemplated it, or whether it emanated from a sudden -burst of wrath fanned by his parent’s wicked suggestions, it seems -clearly not to have arisen from jealousy, hatred, or revenge--those -passions so generally productive of such crime; and there is no one -now living to explain the mystery, as the hag died without a word in -explanation of it. - -The space we have limited ourselves to, prevents us from saying more in -this number of Cuffe, whose crime was of a much more national character, -and occupied a good deal the attention of the government of the period; -and whose detection, after a lapse of twenty-four years--in fact, after -his having declined gradually from the prime of manhood to hoary-headed -age--seems to go farther in supporting the popular prejudice that -the murderer can never escape detection. But we shall take an early -opportunity to detail to the reader his case, and the state of society -that led to it. - - A. - -[2] There is a bridge now in progress of erection over it at this spot. - - - - -THE BALD BARRYS, OR THE BLESSED THORN OF KILDINAN. - - “----Make curl’d-pate ruffians - Quite bald.” - - SHAKSPEARE. - - -The breeze of the declining March day blew keenly, as I strode across the -extensive fields towards the old burial-ground of Kildinan, in the county -of Cork. On reaching the ancient church, I rested on the broken bank that -enclosed the cemetery, to contemplate the scene before me, and pause upon -the generations of men that have been impelled along the stream of time -towards the voiceless ocean of eternity, since the day on which an altar -was first erected on this desolate spot, in worship of the Deity. The -most accurate observer would scarcely suppose that this enclosure had -ever been a place of interment, save that certain little hillocks of two -or three spans long, and defined by a rude stone, were scattered along -its surface. To a fanciful imagination these would seem to have been -the graves of some pigmy nation, concerning which tradition had lost -all remembrance. But the little sepulchres were the resting-places of -unfortunate babes that die in the birth, or but wake to a consciousness -of life--utter the brief cry of pain, and sleep in death for ever. These -unbaptized ones are never permitted to mingle with Christian clay, and -are always consigned to these disused cemeteries. With this exception, -the old churchyard had long ceased to receive a human tenant, and its -foundation could scarcely be traced beneath the rank grass. The father -of the present proprietor of the land had planted the whole space with -fir-trees, and these flourishing in the rich soil formed by decomposed -human bodies for many a foot beneath, have shot up to an unusual size, -and furnish a proof that even in death man is not wholly useless, and -that, when his labour is ended, his carcase may fertilize the sod -impoverished by his greedy toil. In these tall firs a colony of rooks had -established their airy city, and while these young settlers were building -new habitations, the old citizens of the grove were engaged in repairing -the damage their homes had received from the storms of winter; and the -shrill discordant voices of the sable multitude seemed to mock the repose -of them that occupied the low and silent mansions beneath. - -While indulging these _grave_ reflections, I saw a man approach by the -path I lately trod. He was far advanced in the decline of life; his tall -figure, which he supported with a long staff, was wrapped in a blue-grey -coat that folded close under a hair cincture, and the woollen hat, -susceptible of every impression, was drawn over his face, as if to screen -it from the sharp blast that rushed athwart his way. He suddenly stopped, -then fixed his glance upon a certain spot of the burial ground where -stood a blasted and branchless whitethorn, that seemed to have partaken -of the ruin of the ancient fabric, over whose gross-grown foundation it -yet lingered. Then raising his eyes to heaven, he sank upon his knees, -while his lips moved as if in the utterance of some fervid ejaculation. -Surely, thought I, this old man’s elevated devotion, at such a place -and time, proceeds not solely from the ordinary motives that induce the -penitent to pray--some circumstance, some tradition connected with this -ancient place, has wrought his piety to this pitch of enthusiasm. Thus -did my fancy conjecture at the moment, nor was I mistaken. - -As the old man rose from his attitude of supplication, I approached and -said, “My friend, I hope you will pardon this intrusion, for your sudden -and impassioned devotion has greatly awakened my curiosity.” - -He immediately answered in the Irish tongue, “I was only begging mercy -and pardon for the souls who in the close darkness of the prison-house -cannot relieve themselves, and beseeching that heaven would cease to -visit upon the children the guilt of their fathers. This spot brought to -my memory an act of sacrilege which my forefathers perpetrated, and for -which their descendants yet suffer; and I did not conceive at the moment -that a living being beheld me but God. - -“Perhaps,” he continued, “as you seem to be a stranger in these parts, -you have never heard of the Bald Barrys, and the blessed Whitethorn of -Kildinan. It is an old tradition, and you may be inclined to name it a -legend of superstition; but yonder is the whitethorn, blasted and decayed -from the contact of my ancestors’ unholy hands; and here stands the last -of their name, a homeless wanderer, with no other inheritance than this -mark of the curse and crime of his race.” So saying, he pulled off the -old woollen hat, and exhibited his head perfectly smooth and guiltless of -a single hair. - -“That old heads should become bald, is no uncommon occurrence,” I -observed, “and I have seen younger heads as hairless as yours.” - -“My head,” he returned, “from my birth to this moment, never knew a -single hair; my father and grandfather endured the same privation, while -my great-grandfather was deprived of his long and copious locks in one -tearful moment. I shall tell you the story as we go along, if your course -lies in the direction of this pathway.” - -As we proceeded, he delivered the following legend. The old man’s -phraseology was copious and energetic, qualities which I have vainly -striven to infuse into the translation; for an abler pen would fail in -our colder English of doing justice to the very poetical language of the -narrator. - -“Many a biting March has passed over the heads of men since Colonel -Barry lived at Lisnegar. He was of the true blood of the old Strongbow -chiefs, who became sovereign princes in the land; and forming alliances -with the ancient owners of the soil, renounced the Saxon connection and -name. This noble family gloried in the title of M’Adam;[3] and the -colonel did not shame his descent. He kept open house for all comers, and -every day an ox was killed and consumed at Lisnegar. All the gentlemen -of the province thronged thither, hunting and hawking, and feasting -and coshering; while the hall was crowded with harpers and pipers, -_caroughs_ and _buckaughs_, and _shanachies_ and story-tellers, who came -and went as they pleased, in constant succession. I myself,” said the -old man, sighing, “have seen a remnant of these good old times, but now -they are vanished for ever; the genius of hospitality has retired from -the chieftain’s hall to the hovel on the moor; and the wanderer turns -with a sigh from lofty groves and stately towers, to the shelter of the -peasant’s shed! - -David Barry and his seven brothers lived with M’Adam, and were of his -own name and race; and whether he enjoyed the sport of the chase, or -took the diversion of shooting, or moved among the high and titled of -the land, they always accompanied him, and formed a sort of body-guard, -to share his sports or assert his quarrels. At that time, on the banks -of the Bride, near the ruined tower of Shanacloch, lived a man named -Edmund Barry. A thick and briary covert on his farm had been for many -years the haunt of a fox celebrated all over the south of Ireland for -the extraordinary speed and prowess he evinced in the many attempts made -to hunt him down. Many gallant and noble huntsmen sought the honour of -bearing home his brush, but in vain; and it was a remarkable fact, that -after tiring out both hounds and horses in the arduous pursuit, and -though his flight might extend over a considerable part of the province, -he invariably returned at night to his favourite covert. A treaty of -peace, it would seem, had been tacitly instituted between Edmund Barry -and the fox. Barry’s poultry for a series of years, whether they sought -the banks of the Bride or the neighbourhood of the barn door, never -suffered by the dangerous vicinity: Reynard would mix with Barry’s dogs -and spend an hour of social intercourse with them, as familiarly as if -he belonged to the same species; and Barry gave his wild crafty friend -the same protection and licence that he permitted his own domestic curs. -The fame of this strange union of interests was well known; and to this -day the memory of Barry’s _madra roc_ survives in the traditions of the -country. - -One evening as M’Adam and his train returned from a long and unsuccessful -chase of Edmund Barry’s fox, their route lay by the ruins of the ancient -church of Kildinan; near this sacred spot a whitethorn tree had stood, -and its beauty and bloom were the theme of every tongue. The simple -devotee who poured his orisons to God beneath its holy shade believed -that the hands of guardian spirits pruned its luxuriance and developed -its form of beauty--that dews from heaven were sprinkled by angel hands -to produce its rich and beautiful blossoms, which, like those of the -thorn of Glastonbury, loaded the black winds of December with many -a token of holy fragrance, in welcome of the heavenly advent of HIM -who left his Father’s throne to restore to the sons of Adam the lost -inheritance of heaven. M’Adam was charmed with the beauty of the tree, -and little regarding the sanctity or the superstitious awe attached to -its character, was resolved to transfer it to Lisnegar, that his lawn -might possess that rare species of thorn which blooms in beauty when all -its sisters of the field are bare and barren. - -Next day, when M’Adam signified his intention of removing the whitethorn -of Kildinan, his people stood aghast at his impiety, and one and all -declared they would suffer a thousand deaths rather than perpetrate so -audacious a sacrilege. Now, M’Adam was a man of high blood and haughty -bearing, and accustomed at all times to the most rigid enforcement of -his commands. When he found his men unhesitatingly refuse to obey him, -his anger sent the glow of resentment to flush his cheek; he spurned the -earth in a paroxysm of rage, exclaiming, ‘Varlets! of all that have eaten -the bread of M’Adam, and reposed under the shadow of his protection, are -there none free from the trammels of superstitious folly, to execute his -commands?’ - -‘Here are seven of your own name and race,’ cried David Barry, ‘men -sworn to stand and fall together, who obey no commands but yours, and -acknowledge no law but your will. The whitethorn of Kildinan shall leave -its sacred tenement, if strong hands and brave hearts can effect its -removal. If it be profanation to disturb the tree which generations have -reverenced, the curse for sacrilege rests not with us: and did M’Adam -command us to tear the blessed gold from the shrine of a saint, we would -not hesitate to obey--we were but executing the will of our legal chief.’ - -Such was the flattering unction which the retainers of M’Adam applied -to their souls, as they proceeded to desecrate the spot hallowed by the -reverence of ages, and around whose holy thorn superstition had drawn a -mystic circle, within whose limit human foot may not intrude. Men have -not yet forgotten this lesson of the feudal school; the sack of cities, -the shrieks of women, the slaughter of thousands, are yet perpetrated -without ruth or remorse in obedience to superior command, and the sublime -_Te Deum_ swells to consecrate the savage atrocity. - -On that evening M’Adam saw the beautiful whitethorn planted in his lawn, -and many were the thanks and high the reward of the faithful few who -rose superior to the terrors of superstition in the execution of his -commands. But his surprise was great when David Barry broke in upon his -morning’s repose, to announce that the tree had disappeared during the -night, and was again planted where it had stood for ages before, in the -ancient cemetery of Kildinan. M’Adam, conjecturing that this object of -the people’s veneration had been secretly conveyed by them during the -night to its former abode, dispatched his retainers again to fetch it, -with strict injunctions to lie in watch around it till morning. The -brothers, obedient to the call of their chief, brought the whitethorn -back, and having supported its stem, and carefully covered its roots with -rich mould, after the most approved method of planting, prepared to watch -round it all night, under the bare canopy of heaven. The night was long -and dark, and their eyes sleepless; the night-breeze had sunk to repose, -and all nature seemed hushed in mysterious awe. A deep and undefinable -feeling of dread stole over the hearts of the midnight watchers; and -they who could have rejoiced in the din of battle, were appalled by this -fearful calm. Obedience to the commands of M’Adam could not steel their -bosoms against the goadings of remorse, and the ill-suppressed murmur -rose against their sacrilegious chief. As the night advanced, impelled by -some strange fear, they extended their circle round the mysterious tree. -At length David, the eldest and bravest of the brothers, fell asleep. His -short and fitful snatches of repose were disturbed by wild and indistinct -dreams; but as his slumbers settled, those vague images passed away, and -the following vision was presented to the sleeper’s imagination:-- - -He dreamt that as he was keeping watch where he lay, by the blessed thorn -of Kildinan, there stood before him a venerable man; his radiant features -and shining vesture lighted all the space around, and pierced awful and -far into the surrounding darkness. His hand held a crosier; his head was -crowned with a towering mitre; his white beard descended to the girdle -that encircled his rich pontificals; and he looked, in his embroidered -‘sandal shoon’ and gorgeous array, the mitred abbot of some ancient -monastery, which the holy rage of the Saxon reformation had levelled in -the dust. But the visage of the sainted man was fearfully severe in its -expression, and the sleeping mortal fell prostrate before the unearthly -eye that sent its piercing regards to search his inmost soul. - -‘Wretch,’ said the shining apparition, in a voice of thunder, ‘raise thy -head and hear thy doom, and that of thy sacrilegious brothers.’ - -Barry did raise his head in obedience to the terrific mandate, though his -soul sank within him, before his dreadful voice and eye of terror. - -‘Because you,’ continued the holy man, ‘have violated the sanctity of -the place consecrated to God, you and your race shall wander homeless -vagabonds, and your devoted heads, as a sign and a warning to future -times, shall abide the pelting of every storm, and the severity of every -changing season, unprotected by the defence which nature has bestowed -upon all men, till your name and race be faded from the land.’ - -At this wrathful denunciation the terrified man falls prostrate to -deprecate the fearful malediction, and awakes with a cry of terror which -alarms the listeners. As he proceeds to reveal the terrible vision which -his sleeping eyes beheld, the crash of thunder, the flash of lightning, -and the sweep of the whirlwind, envelope them. As the day dawns, they -are found senseless, at a considerable distance from the spot where -they had lain the preceding night to guard the fatal tree. The thorn -had likewise disappeared; and, strange to relate, the raven hair which -clustered in long ringlets, that any wearer of the ancient _coolin_ -might well have envied, no longer adorns their manly heads. The fierce -whirlwind, that in mockery of human daring had tossed them, like the -stubble of the field, had realized the dream of the sleeper, and borne -off their long profuse hair in its vengeful sweep.” - -Such was the narrative of the last representative of the “Bald -Barrys.” I bequeath it to the reader without note or comment. He of -course will regard it according to his particular bias--will wonder -how an imaginative people will attribute the downfall of families, or -the entailment of hereditary disease, to the effect of supernatural -intervention; or exclaim, as some very pious and moral men have done, that - - “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, - Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” - - E. W. - -[3] Dr Smith, in his History of the County of Cork, thus mentions -Colonel Barry:--“The town of Rathcormack also belongs to this gentleman, -who is descended from an ancient branch of the Barry family, commonly -called M’Adam, who have been seated here 500 years, and formerly sat -in parliament; particularly David de Barry of Rathcormack, who sat in -the upper house, in a parliament held 30th Edward I., 1302. South of -Rathcormack is a fair stone bridge over the _Bride_, upon which is this -inscription,--‘The foundation of this bridge was laid June 22, 1734; -Colonel Redmund Barry, Jonas Devonshire, and James Barry, gentlemen, -being overseers thereof.’” - - * * * * * - -THE INFLUENCE OF WOMEN.--How often have I seen a company of men, who -were disposed to be riotous, checked all at once into decency by the -accidental entrance of an amiable woman; while her good sense and -obliging deportment charmed them into at least a temporary conviction -that there is nothing so beautiful as female excellence, nothing so -delightful as female conversation. To form the manners of men, nothing -contributes so much as the cast of the women they converse with. Those -who are most associated with women of virtue and understanding will -always be found the most amiable characters. Such society, beyond -everything else, rubs off the protrusions that give to many an ungracious -roughness; it produces a polish more perfect and pleasing than that which -is received by a general commerce with the world. This last is often -specious, but commonly superficial; the other is the result of gentler -feelings, and a more elegant humanity: the heart itself is moulded, and -habits of undissembled courtesy are formed.--_Fordyce._ - - * * * * * - -OUR ATTACHMENT TO LIFE.--The young man, till thirty, never feels -practically that he is mortal. He knows it indeed, and if needs were, -he could preach a homily on the fragility of life; but he brings it not -home to himself any more than in a hot June we can appropriate to our -imagination the freezing days of December. But now--shall I confess a -truth? I feel these audits but too powerfully. I begin to count the -probabilities of my duration, and to grudge at the expenditure of moments -and shortest periods, like misers’ farthings. In proportion as the years -both lessen and shorten, I set more count upon their periods, and would -fain lay my ineffectual finger upon the spoke of the great wheel. I am -not content to pass away “like a weaver’s shuttle.” Those metaphors -solace me not, nor sweeten the unpalatable draught of mortality. I -care not to be carried with the tide that smoothly bears human life to -eternity, and reluct at the inevitable course of destiny. I am in love -with this green earth--the face of town and country--the unspeakable -rural solitudes--and the sweet security of streets. I would set up my -tabernacle here. I am content to stand still at the age to which I am -arrived--to be no younger, no richer, no handsomer. I do not want to be -weaned by age, or drop, like mellow fruit, as they say, into the grave! -Any alteration on this earth of mine, in diet or in lodging, puzzles -and discomposes me. My household gods plant a terribly fixed foot, and -are not rooted up without blood. They do not willingly seek Lavinian -shores. A new state of being staggers me. Sun and sky, and breeze and -solitary walks, and summer holidays, and the greenness of fields, and -the juices of meats and fishes, and society, and the cheerful glass, and -candle-light, and fire-side conversations, and jests and irony--do not -these things go out with life? Can a ghost laugh, or shake his gaunt -sides when you are pleasant with him?--_Life and Remains of Charles Lamb._ - - * * * * * - -A man cannot get his lesson by heart so quick as he can practise it: he -will repeat it in his actions. - - * * * * * - - Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at the - Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College - Green, Dublin.--Agents: R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley, Paternoster - Row, London; SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street, Manchester; C. - DAVIES, North John Street, Liverpool; SLOCOMBE & SIMMS, Leeds, - JOHN MENZIES, Prince’s Street, Edinburgh; & DAVID ROBERTSON, - Trongate, Glasgow. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -42, April 17, 1841, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, APRIL 17, 1841 *** - -***** This file should be named 55196-0.txt or 55196-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/1/9/55196/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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