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text-indent:0; }</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, by -John Bruno Romero and Ha-Ha-St of Tawee - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Botanical Lore of the California Indians - with Side Lights on Historical Incidents in California - -Author: John Bruno Romero - Ha-Ha-St of Tawee - -Release Date: June 30, 2017 [EBook #55009] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOTANICAL LORE--CALIFORNIA INDIANS *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="The Botanical Lore of the California Indians" width="500" height="780" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1>The -<br />BOTANICAL LORE -<br />of the -<br />CALIFORNIA INDIANS -<br /><span class="smaller">with Side Lights on Historical Incidents in California</span></h1> -<p class="center"><b>by -<br />JOHN BRUNO ROMERO -<br /><span class="small">“HA-HA-ST OF TAWEE”</span></b></p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p1.jpg" alt="Vantage Press Logo" width="149" height="199" /> -</div> -<p class="center"><b><span class="small">VANTAGE PRESS, INC., NEW YORK</span></b></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_ii">ii</div> -<p class="center small">COPYRIGHT, 1954, BY JOHN BRUNO ROMERO -<br /><i>Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 54-8325</i> -<br />MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_iii">iii</div> -<p class="tbcenter"><i>To My Uncle</i> -<br /><span class="sc">Chief William Pablo</span> -<br /><i>of Mahum and Guana-pia-pa</i></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_v">v</div> -<h2 class="center">Contents</h2> -<dl class="toc"> -<dt class="small"><i>Page</i></dt> -<dt><a href="#c1">Preface</a> vii</dt> -<dt><a href="#c2">The Story of the Indians of the Pacific Southwest</a> 1</dt> -<dt><a href="#c3">Book of Herbs</a> 6</dt> -<dt><a href="#c4">The Legend of Console Mineral Springs near Homuba Canyon</a> 72</dt> -<dt><a href="#c5">Index of Herb Applications</a> 77</dt> -<dt><a href="#c6">Index of Herbs</a> 79</dt> -</dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_vii">vii</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="h2line1">Preface</span></h2> -<p>Of all the books written concerning the Indians of North -America, I don’t know of one which treats of the Indians’ -great knowledge of medicine, the vast store which was theirs -of plants and herbs which possessed curative and healing -qualities, many of them far superior, even today, to the -medicine used by the white physician.</p> -<p>There is a reason. In some instances the white man did -not get the correct information from his Indian brother due -to the latter’s inability to make himself understood—this -was, of course, also true of the former. Again, some information -given was intentionally wrong due to the ill-feeling -the Indian had for the white man. And again, many of -those healing plants were held in such veneration by the -Indians, that to impart their virtues to a white man was -an unpardonable crime, and the punishment meted out to -the offender was of the severest form.</p> -<p>I am an Indian, proud of it and of my forefathers, whose -bitterness toward the white man was only too well justified. -But time changes all things and bitterness and hatred never -made for understanding nor happiness.</p> -<p>In this spirit I wrote this book, in the spirit of doing -good. And in this I have the help and permission of my -dear uncle, Chief Pablo, of the Mahuna tribe of Indians -of Southern California, who permitted me to describe certain -plants whose curative properties have been kept a -secret by the Indians for over one hundred years. This is -the first time they are made known.</p> -<p>The Indian, living close to and with nature—the greatest -teacher of all for those who have eyes to see—became nature’s -most intelligent pupil. Gifted with the keenest observation -<span class="pb" id="Page_viii">viii</span> -and the ability to reason, he searched the discovered -plants which nature herself had provided for any ailment, -sickness, or mishap which might befall him.</p> -<p>I am sending this book out into the world not for fame, -but as a messenger of goodwill and peace. May it be received -in this spirit and accomplish its mission.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="h2line1">The Story of the Indians of the Pacific Southwest</span></h2> -<p>A gruesome, terrible year, the year of 1825! The fatal -year when thousands of Indians of the Pacific Southwest -were destroyed by that merciless, frightful scourge, smallpox. -And the tradition of its ravages is kept alive even today -among the descendants of the few who escaped death.</p> -<p>The tribal herb doctors at that time were wholly unprepared -to combat this disease which wrought such fearful -havoc. Sweeping along the entire Pacific Coast, it exacted -a heavy toll of human lives, so heavy, in fact, that the number -of Indians destroyed exceeded that of the American -lives lost on the battlefields during World War I.</p> -<p>The epidemic ravaged not only the Pacific Coast. It even -spread over the adjacent territories, carrying death everywhere -it struck.</p> -<p>Not until the end of that terrible year did some of the -Indian herb doctors begin to devote their attention to the -disease. And then, calling upon all there was in their knowledge -of medicinal plants, the chieftains, accompanied by -their medicine men, held a council at which the matter of -curing this destructive disease was brought under serious -discussion.</p> -<p>That memorable meeting took place in the world-famous -Palm Canyon, bordering the eastern slopes of San Jacinto -Peak—better known to us by its true native name of <i>Tahquitz</i>—situated -at the extreme eastern part of Riverside -County.</p> -<p>After the adjournment of the meeting the chiefs and medicine -men dispersed, returning to their respective tribes to -resume their regular duties, each one with instructions to -<span class="pb" id="Page_2">2</span> -study ways and means which would effectively eradicate -the scourge so greatly feared by all Indians.</p> -<p>Now, among those who had attended the meeting was -Senior Chief Andres Lucero, of the Mahuna tribe, who was -looked upon by all Indians as the possessor of the greatest -knowledge of botanical medicine, and a master-teacher -among his fellow tribesmen who rightly considered him as -being without a peer in his field—thorough research and experimentation. -In his experimental work he was more successful -than any other, having had many years of experience. -In addition, he possessed valuable medical knowledge which -for centuries had been handed down from generation to -generation, each recipient becoming a true master in the -field of Indian medical science.</p> -<p>The men trained in the science of medicine were those -who had a natural aptitude and inclination for the care of -the sick—that is, men worthy of being selected to be taught -anatomy and the various ailments of the human body.</p> -<p>Evidence of this is to be seen in paintings and hieroglyphics -found in our Indian caves, which, in due time, it will -be my duty to use in photographic illustration in order to -correct many erroneous interpretations existing in collections -and writings.</p> -<p>To return to the beginning of our narrative, Andres -Chino Pablo, while deeply pondering one day on the problem -of what to give his stricken people, bethought himself -suddenly of how in previous years he had treated violent -fevers.</p> -<p>One was the fever which accompanied pneumonia and -which was, at times, fully as dangerous as any fever known -to mankind. But it was easily overcome through the administration -of compounded herb steam baths.</p> -<p>In the course of time “Black Measles” made, by mere accident, -its first appearance in the Pacific Southwest, again -causing widespread terror among the Indians. However, -Chief Andres Lucero had already decided what to do to -check the epidemic. Standing calm and cool one morning -and facing the rising sun, he called his people to him, everyone, -young and old. Like a shaft of granite he stood, straight -and erect, his eyes scanning carefully each member of his -<span class="pb" id="Page_3">3</span> -tribe. At last, with tears in his eyes, showing how deeply -moved he was at the woe of his people, he announced his -decision. His words were few:</p> -<p>“My sons and daughters, as the Great Spirit arises in the -East, he comes to help us and he has given me the medicine -and the power to cure all those of you who are sick. -You will now go to the big cave where you will receive -proper care and treatment. All of you shall go, even those -who are not suffering from this devil’s disease. And you -will all be treated alike so that your blood shall be purified -to guard you against the disease.”</p> -<p>In other words, to render them “immune,” in our language -of today.</p> -<p>Now, one of the many caves in the San Jacinto mountain -range, one which formerly had been used for religious -studies in Chino Canyon, was converted into a cave-hospital -and thousands of Indians were treated therein.</p> -<p>Due to the supposition, at the time, that the measles, -then an unknown malady among the Indians, was really another -form of smallpox—the diagnosis made didn’t differ -materially from the latter—the conclusion arrived at was -to treat the disease accordingly.</p> -<p>A tireless and stubborn fight was waged by Chief Andres -Lucero. Day and night he labored indefatigably, not only -attending to his people, but also instructing other chieftains -what to do and what to use, thus letting them share -in his success in healing the sick.</p> -<p>Later on, the disease appeared in Twenty Nine Palms, in -Borrego Valley, Indio, Coachella, Yuma, Temecula, Mojave, -Tehachapi, Soboba—in fact, in all the small Indian settlements -throughout the desert and mountain. Chief Andres -Lucero was extremely satisfied with the results of his labors -which had laid the cornerstone of knowledge and preparedness -for the year of 1859, when a true epidemic of smallpox -made its appearance again.</p> -<p>Investigations revealed that the scourge had started -(<i>Temamaka</i>) to the north and had come (<i>Kichamba</i>) southward. -Again the eye beheld the sad scenes of dead human -bodies strewn along the valleys and mountains. The worst -suffering was among the Indian tribes dwelling to the northward, -<span class="pb" id="Page_4">4</span> -who had shown a complete disregard of Chief Andres -Chino Pablo, and paid no attention whatever to his messages -and warnings.</p> -<p>However, the Chief stuck to his post until he saw his people -safe. Those who died were comparatively few. The dead -were those who, becoming panic-stricken through memories -brought to their minds of former happenings, had -fled into the desert. Had they but conquered their fears -and obeyed the Chief’s orders, nothing would have happened -to them. Those were the victims of the plague—the -deserters from the tribes. The smallpox was kept well -under control in the settlements with only a two per cent -death rate, which means practically nothing when compared -with a previous death rate of fifty per cent caused by the same -kind of plague. In some localities it rose to almost ninety per -cent. Truly those were dark days indeed for the American -Indians.</p> -<p>I shall now give, roughly, the medicinal plants used then -and again in the same manner in the year 1918 when the -“Black Plague,” commonly known as “Spanish Influenza” -was raging throughout the American continent and Europe. -It was a strange coincidence, indeed, that a great many of -those who escaped death from the enemy’s bullets on the -battlefield perished from the “Black Plague.” The Indians, -however, again won their battle against this frightful disease -by the same means which had been employed against measles -and smallpox with no loss of life whatsoever.</p> -<p>What a worthy and successful experiment it had proved -to be under the wise guidance of Chief Andres Lucero, -of the Mahuna Indians of Guana-pia-pa! He was truly a -noble character whose labors, love for his people, and self-sacrifice -saved the lives of thousands of Indians, and without -whose loyalty and kindness to other tribesmen, the American -Indian in the Pacific Southwest would be an extinct -race of people today, with no one to tell what had actually -taken place in the wild mountain regions and the desolate -desert, which were neither inhabited nor trespassed upon -by the white race.</p> -<p>The Indians compounded steam-bath herbs for the cure -of “Black Measles” and smallpox from the following:</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div> -<table class="center" summary=""> -<tr><td class="l"> </td><td class="l"><span class="u">Indian Name</span></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Artemisia tridentata</i> </td><td class="l">Ulu-ca-hul-vall</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Larrea mexicana</i> </td><td class="l">Ato-col</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Piperacea</i> </td><td class="l">Chu-co-pot</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Eriodictyon glutinosum californicum</i> </td><td class="l">Ta-que-bel</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Adiantum capillus-Veneris</i> </td><td class="l">Tal-wal</td></tr> -</table> -<p>Herb tea given to the patients was made from the following:</p> -<table class="center" summary=""> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Ephedra</i> </td><td class="l">Tut-tut</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Sambucus pubens</i> </td><td class="l">Haa-saat</td></tr> -</table> -<p>Please bear in mind that the Indian name Tut-tut bestowed -upon the plant <i>Ephedra</i> means something that pertains to -the very sacred in Indian medicinal art. This sacred Indian -name befitted the plant for the great medical value it possessed -and for the important part it played in stamping -out the horrible smallpox plague of 1857.</p> -<p>Thus came about the saving of Indian lives.</p> -<p>Help us save and preserve the wild plants for the benefit -of mankind.</p> -<div class="verse"> -<p class="lr"><span class="sc">Chief William Pablo</span>, III</p> -<p class="lr"><i>Medicine Man</i></p> -<p class="t0"><i>Mahum and Guana-pia-pa</i></p> -<p class="t4">meaning:</p> -<p class="t0"><i>White Water and Palm Springs area, California</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="h2line1">Book of Herbs</span></h2> -<h3>Stomach disorders, worms, dysentery, diarrhea, etc.</h3> -<h4>SISYRINCHIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Man-ta-ca</i>)</h4> -<p>Commonly known as Blue Star Flower Grass. Found -widely distributed along the rich southern slopes of the -lower coastal ranges. Effective in the treatment of functional -affections of the stomach. In the form of tea, the entire plant -was used to eradicate all kinds of stomach worms. Flowering -season from March to April.</p> -<h4>DIPSACUS GLUTINOSUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Vaah-se-le-coo</i>)</h4> -<p>Known also as Monkey Flower, a plant not indigenous to -any particular soil, grows abundantly in California in the -lower coastal ranges, and also in the upper regions. Leaves, -flowers, and stems were taken in the form of tea, and effected -a thorough cure in severe cases of diarrhea.</p> -<h4>VITIS VULPINA CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Esq-urana-quat</i>)</h4> -<p>Also called Wild Grape. It occurs mostly along rich river -bottoms and marshy soils generally. Usually associated with -Wild Berry Vines.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div> -<h4>RUBUS VILLOSUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Pick-lam</i>)</h4> -<p>The Wild Blackberry. The roots of either of the two -genera, boiled into a tea and given the patient, will afford -permanent relief in mild cases of diarrhea. The roots may -be gathered and used at any time of the year.</p> -<h4>CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Pa-sil</i>)</h4> -<p>Also called Shepherd’s Purse. Probably one of the most -common of all plants in Southern California soils, growing -throughout the year on irrigated lands and on arid soils. -Boiled into a tea it is a certain cure for even severe cases of -dysentery. No more than two to three cups should be taken. -This little plant is a blessing to mankind and should be -made use of. It is the medicinal queen, and surpasses all -others in cases of dysentery and diarrhea.</p> -<h4>HEDEOMA PULEGIOIDES -<br />(<i>Ind. Mo-cash</i>)</h4> -<p>American Pennyroyal. Considered as the greatest nuisance -by farmers. As a curative agent in severe cases of dysentery -it ranks next to <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>. It is general -throughout California, and blooms from August to September.</p> -<h4>ANTHEMIS NOBILIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Sa-mat-pl-ol</i>)</h4> -<p>American Field Camomile. A very common plant growing -everywhere in California. It was used extensively for -babies suffering from colic, and also to regulate unsettled -stomachs.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<h3>Painful congestion of the stomach.</h3> -<h4>MALVA ROTUNDIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Mal-val</i>)</h4> -<p>American Common Mallow, compounded with blossoms -of California Wild Rose, or the seed.</p> -<h4>ROSA CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. O-chul</i>)</h4> -<p>American California Wild Rose. This beautiful wild rose-bush -inhabits the coastal ranges, and may be found far -inland along open spaces in heavy woodland abounding in -rather rich and mulchy soil.</p> -<p>Used in cases of stomach fevers, the ripe seed is given in -the form of tea to relieve the stomach clogged with food as -well as in so-called cases of painful congestion.</p> -<h4>MONARDELLA VILLOSA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tah-lis-wet</i>)</h4> -<p>Skirting for its habitat the high mountain lands, it is very -seldom found anywhere else. It is a native of California, and -is used chiefly for the relief of ordinary stomach-ache. When -in bloom it is very fragrant and blossoms from late May till -June. (American Horsemint—sometimes called Pennyroyal)</p> -<h3>Fevers and constipation of the stomach.</h3> -<h4>ERYTHAEA MUEHLENBERGII -<br />(<i>Ind. Co-oniche-la-wa</i>)</h4> -<p>Its habitat is confined to a few localities in San Diego -County, the coastal regions in Santa Barbara, Orange County, -<span class="pb" id="Page_9">9</span> -and in San Bernardino along the southern border of the Mojave -Desert.</p> -<p>It was used in the form of an infusion in cases of constipation -caused by fever of the stomach.</p> -<h3>Fevers.</h3> -<h4>JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Gla-wat-pool</i>)</h4> -<p>American Juniper Berry. Its habitat extends from our -high mountain ranges in northern San Diego County to -Monterey County. The berries have a short season, ripening -in these regions from late in July until early in September. -They were used for making tea or simply chewed in -cases of La Grippe fevers. They may be gathered, dried, -and stored for future use.</p> -<h3>Lung fevers.</h3> -<h4>PAEONIA BROWNII -<br />(<i>Ind. Quel-ta-bat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Peony. It inhabits shady canyons growing -only on deep, rich, decomposed mulch. The blossoms are -of deep red color, and the blooming season lasts from May -until June. Its roots bear a strong resemblance to young -sweet potatoes and were gathered to be used in the form of -tea for complicated lung fevers. The tea has a decidedly bitter -taste.</p> -<h3>Stomach fevers.</h3> -<h4>VERBENA HASTATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Muy-u-vees</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Vervain. Inhabits the lower coastal ranges -and pasture lands. Its blooming period is from late in May -<span class="pb" id="Page_10">10</span> -until July. This plant is remarkable for bearing three different -colored blossoms—in some localities white, in others, -pink, and then again, blue—all this owing to the mineral soil -formation. The root is used for complicated stomach fevers.</p> -<h3>Fevers.</h3> -<h4>MORAJAUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Saa-al</i>)</h4> -<p>Grows along rivers and lake borders. This plant, being of -a semiaquatic nature, resembles some of our wild orchids -and blooms but a short season. The entire plant is used in -cases of fevers complicated with headaches.</p> -<h3>Eruptive Fevers.</h3> -<h4>SAMBUCUS PUBENS -<br />(<i>Ind. Haa-sat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Elderberry. Indigenous to the coastal regions. -The yellow blossoms were extensively used by all Indian -tribes only in cases of measles.</p> -<h4>MIRABILIS CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. See-wish-pe-yack</i>)</h4> -<p>American Four O’clock. The root of this plant served the -same purpose as American Elderberry. Its habitat is Santa -Barbara County, Calif., and it is not found anywhere else -in a wild state.</p> -<p>There are no records that it was used for other eruptive -fevers such as smallpox, scarlet fever, etc. These were introduced -into this country later on by white European adventurers -and settlers, the first cases being recorded in 1825. -These diseases were greatly dreaded by the Indians, and -<span class="pb" id="Page_11">11</span> -whenever any of them contracted this malady, they would -invariably vacate the locality they were in, and move many -miles away to virgin country.</p> -<p>And, as a warning of danger to fellow tribesmen and to -keep them away from the abandoned camp, all the rock -mortars and clay pots were turned upside down and partly -buried in the ground.</p> -<h3>Plant poisoning.</h3> -<h4>GRINDELIA CUNEIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Mie-chowl</i>)</h4> -<p>Grows in alkaline soils and its blooming season is from -August to September. The plant was used a great deal in -cases of itching skin eruption caused by poison oak, and is -a cure for such disorders. (American Gum Plant)</p> -<h4>RHUS DIVERSILOBA -<br />(<i>Ind. E-yal</i>)</h4> -<p>Botanical Serum. This is the poison oak itself, of which -the roots, during the dormant period, are cut and properly -dried. When taken in the form of tea in a quantity of not -more than four ounces, it will render a person immune -against any further poisoning. This is a bona fide Indian -formula.<a class="fn" id="fr_1" href="#fn_1">[1]</a> -Blooming season from May to June.</p> -<div class="fnblock"><div class="fndef"><a class="fn" id="fn_1" href="#fr_1">[1]</a>I ask my readers not to try this serum pending further laboratory experiments. -I plan to subject myself to exhaustive tests under scientific observation -and to publish the results. -</div> -</div> -<h3>Ulcers and diseases of the skin and feet.</h3> -<h4>ANTENNARIA MARGARITACEA -<br />(<i>Ind. Te-bish-samat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Cotton Weed. Its habitat is all along the Southern -California hill slopes, and the beautiful pearly flowers -are used for ulcers and sores of the feet which fail to respond -<span class="pb" id="Page_12">12</span> -to treatment by other medicaments. The blossoms must be -boiled. The liquid obtained is used to bathe the feet, and -all parts of the skin affected. A very effective cure. The blossoms -are also ground into a powder and applied to the part -affected.</p> -<h3>Burns.</h3> -<h4>SOLIDAGO NEMORALIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Pa-co-se-cheeh</i>)</h4> -<p>American Western Goldenrod. Its habitat is the river and -creek bottom lands. Quite common in California, this plant -has great healing power, especially in cases of old raw burns -that have failed to heal properly, as well as major rotten -ulcers. The leaves of the plant may be boiled and the liquid -used to bathe the affected parts; while the pulp, as a poultice, -is to be placed upon the burns and ulcers to promote -disinfection and to hasten a rapid growth of new healthy -flesh.</p> -<p><i>Solidago nemoralis</i> has one other great virtue of considerable -value. Two to three baths in a strong solution, prepared -by boiling, will cure the Seven-Year Itch and free the -victim from that terrible malady.</p> -<h3>Fistulas and running sores.</h3> -<h4>PENTSTEMON CORDIFOLIUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Ting-gi-wit</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Fuchsia. A native of the coastal ranges, -northward from San Diego County to Monterey, Calif., this -dark-green shrub is very attractive to the eye. It bears an -array of deep-red blossoms, well-formed in clusters, at the -very tip of long slender branches. It was used as a poultice -and a wash for fistulas and deep, pus-running ulcers.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div> -<h3>Eruptive scalp diseases.</h3> -<h4>EUPHORBIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Te-mal-hepe</i>)</h4> -<p>A native of California, it is quite common on our inland -fields. It is used for minor skin eruptions and scalp diseases. -Used as a wash only. It blooms from early May to July.</p> -<h4>AMBROSIA ARTEMISIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Watch-ish</i>)</h4> -<p>American Common Ragweed. Grows in abundance in -swamps and along waterways. There are two distinct species -of this worthy plant, the dwarf variety and the gigantic kind. -Either may be used for the same purpose as mentioned for -<i>Euphorbia</i>. In full bloom from July to September.</p> -<h3>How to retain the natural color of the hair.</h3> -<h4>ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ulu-ca-hul-vaal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Common Sage. Habitat, the California desert. -For a good many years this plant has been used to restore the -color of hair, but the method used and practiced is far from -that of our people, the Indians. And this can be traced back -to the misunderstanding of the people who first introduced -this use of sage for that purpose. Of course, washing the hair -with it as a scalp treatment will do no harm, because the -plant itself has soothing and healing qualities; but to maintain -the natural color of the hair, or to restore gray hair -to its former color, one must drink the infusion when compounded -in the way we know. The plant blooms from April -to June.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_14">14</div> -<h3>Women’s diseases.</h3> -<h4>ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Hul-vaal</i>)</h4> -<p>Habitat, the coastal regions. The infusion made from this -plant was used a great deal in cases of vaginal trouble. Blooming -period from March to May. (American Wormwood)</p> -<h4>RAMONA POLYSTACHYA -<br />(<i>Ind. Qua-seel</i>)</h4> -<p>American White Salvia, playing a very important part in -healing internally and removing particles of the afterbirth. -The infusion from the roots was given to the patient to -drink regularly in place of water.</p> -<h4>LARREA MEXICANA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ato-col</i>)</h4> -<p>American Creosote Bush. Its habitat covers the entire -length and breadth of the Mojave Desert, San Bernardino -County, and Riverside. This plant was used in cases of -cramps of the stomach due to delayed menstruation, and in -cases of this nature not more than one half of a cup of the -tea was drunk. This plant is in full foliage from May to -October.</p> -<h4>CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES -<br />(<i>Ind. Epa-so-tee</i>)</h4> -<p>Its habitat is in swamp bottom lands. The root of the -plant was used in cases where the menstrual period had -been overdue for five or as many as ten days. The plant itself -has a rather offensive odor, but the boiled root is quite -agreeable to the taste and very effective. The patient may -drink as much of the tea as desired. Blooming season from -March to late fall. (American Goosefoot)</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div> -<h4>CRACCA VIRGINIANA -<br />(<i>Ind. Po-hiel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Garden Rue. A common garden shrub introduced -into this country at the beginning of the early mission -days.</p> -<p>Although the odor of this plant is quite disagreeable to the -sense of smell, the infusion is very rich in flavor and not -bad at all.</p> -<h3>Flesh-wounds, knife-cuts, etc.</h3> -<h4>ANEMOPSIS CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Che-vnes</i>)</h4> -<p>American Swamp Root. Habitat, swamps. This plant is -plentiful in California—the territory where it grows wild -could be measured in thousands of acres. When cut, dried, -and powdered, it can be used for the disinfection of knife-cut -wounds, and to draw and promote the growth of healthy -flesh. (Spanish <i>Yerba Mansa</i>)</p> -<h4>GRINDELIA SQUARROSA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tanga-wet</i>)</h4> -<p>Habitat, low, sandy loam soils. For above-mentioned purposes -this plant is very valuable from a medicinal standpoint, -as it makes all wounds respond quickly to healing, when -used as a wash and for disinfection of cuts. A wet pulpy poultice -must be applied to the wounds for quick results. The -plant blooms from June to August. (American Gum Plant)</p> -<h4>FRASERA -<br />(<i>Ind. So-cat-llami</i>)</h4> -<p>American Deer Ears. Habitat, the high sierras and coastal -ranges. The infusion is used for the treatment of infected -sores.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div> -<h4>CARDUACEA -<br />(<i>Ind. San-ca</i>)</h4> -<p>American Green Sage. Its habitat is the Mojave Desert, -San Bernardino County and north of the southern borders -of the San Joaquin Valley. This plant is very valuable, being -very powerful and of great medicinal use, and much attention -should be given it by men of science.</p> -<p>The Indians used it universally in cases of serious and -major wounds—the infusion being given the patient if symptoms -of blood poisoning were present. Tetanus, commonly -known as lockjaw, was easily overcome, thus eliminating the -surgical operations so frequently resorted to by the medical -profession. The infusion was also administered in cases of -childbirth as a preventative of blood poisoning and gangrene -with <i>Ramona polystachya</i>.</p> -<h4>OPUNTIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tu-nah</i>)</h4> -<p>American Cactus Pear. Its habitat, the desert and dry lands. -This plant was fully as important as <i>Piperacea</i>. The large -leaves were scraped of their thorns and a plug made out of -the leaf, according to the nature of the wound, and inserted -into it, healing it quite rapidly—a first-class piece of botanical -surgery.</p> -<h3>Healing.</h3> -<h4>PLANTAGO MAJOR -<br />(<i>Ind. Pal-qua-ah</i>)</h4> -<p>American Plantain. Its habitat is swamps and localities -where there is abundant moisture. The plant, like many -others, was used to dislodge and draw deeply embedded poisonous -thorns and splinters from the flesh. The operation -was quite simple. It consisted of applying a light coating of -suet on one of the leaves, this was covered with another leaf -and then placed, tied down firmly, over the thorn or splinter -<span class="pb" id="Page_17">17</span> -to be removed. It usually requires about 10 hours for the -thorn to appear at the surface of the skin. The same procedure -can also be used by persons who have accidentally -stepped on a rusty nail—thus avoiding danger of blood -poisoning. The simple poultice described above will prevent -that.</p> -<h4>CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Chee-va-tow</i>)</h4> -<p>The California Clematis is a sister plant of the Eastern -Clematis, a very good healer in the treatment of skin eruptions, -the infusion to be used as a wash.</p> -<p>Inhabits the mid-coast and inland ranges, and, to the east, -the territory where Daniel Boone’s activities played their -part and took their place in American history. Nothing, -however, is mentioned about this plant at the time the Indians -were pursuing him in the wilds of Kentucky, and yet -it was one of the strong vines of <i>Clematis</i> which enabled -Daniel Boone to escape and save his life by cutting it with -his hunting knife above ground and hurling himself far out, -thus putting the Indians off his track.</p> -<p>Myself an Indian, I have always admired Daniel Boone -for his cool presence of mind. He was brave and fearless, -although not a showman like Buffalo Bill and others whose -exploits were chiefly founded on personal motives.</p> -<h3>Coughs, colds and sore throat.</h3> -<h4>RUMEX HYMENOCALLIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Ca-na-ma</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Rhubarb. Thrives in dead, sandy soils, -and is very common throughout Southern California. The -roots are long and bear a close resemblance to sweet potatoes. -The infusion made from it has an acrid taste, and, -when used as a gargle several times in cases of cough and -sore throat, it will be found to give complete relief. The -plant blooms in June and July.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_18">18</div> -<h4>PRUNUS SEROTINA -<br />(<i>Ind. Is-lay</i>)</h4> -<p>American California Wild Cherry. At home in the high -mountain ranges. An infusion of the bark in spring or summer -while the sap is running, or of the roots in winter when -the tree is dormant, may be used for common coughs.</p> -<h4>PRUNUS ILICIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Is-lay</i>)</h4> -<p>Holly-Leaf Cherry. Used for the same purposes as <i>Prunus -serotina</i>.</p> -<h4>SPIRAEA SALICIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ha-ba-ba-neek</i>)</h4> -<p>American Queen of the Meadows. Its habitat is the low -coastal ranges. The root of the plant was used for common -coughs and chest colds.</p> -<h4>EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Sa-ca-pe-yote</i>)</h4> -<p>American Joe-Pye Weed. It was used for the same purpose -as <i>Spiraea salicifolia</i> in localities where that plant -couldn’t be obtained, although the latter was greatly preferred -for the extra medicinal qualities it possessed as a mild -laxative. The root, when made into an infusion, is extremely -pungent and rich in flavor, but agreeable in taste to most -people.</p> -<h4>MARRUBIUM VULGARE -<br />(<i>Ind. O-o-hul</i>)</h4> -<p>American Horehound. Its habitat is the woodland. Although -the infusion made from the leaves and flowers is -rather bitter, it is very good for ordinary coughs and sore -throats.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_19">19</div> -<h3>Old dry coughs.</h3> -<h4>AUDIBERTIAS STACHYOIDES -<br />(<i>Ind. Seel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Black Sage. This plant is one of the most valuable -of all for the cure of deep dry coughs of long standing, -which have settled in the bronchial tubes. This does -not mean coughs of two or three weeks’ duration, but those -which have existed for a period of from four to six months -and which have, therefore, reached a chronic, dangerous -stage.</p> -<p>The infusion was made full strength and given to the patient -in small doses, hot—never cold—in the daytime, and -one extra big dose before retiring.</p> -<h3>Blood hemorrhages of the lungs.</h3> -<h4>DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ma-ciel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Hay-Scented Wild Fern. Its habitat lies in the -high California mountain ranges. We are now coming to -the tuberculosis line. Hemorrhages of the lungs, and common -diseases which prevail to a great extent among people -who, through neglect and irregular habits, intensify coughs -and colds.</p> -<p>It was nothing to an Indian to overcome these maladies -of the lungs, which in his case were usually due to accidental -injury. This wild fern bears oil nodules on the crown of the -root system and they are available only at a certain period, -from May to June.</p> -<h3>Coughs and asthma.</h3> -<h4>ERIODICTYON GLUTINOSUM CALIFORNICUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Tan-que-bel</i>)</h4> -<p>Commonly known as <i>Yerba Santa</i>, this plant proved to be -possessed of great medicinal merits, and was very soon -<span class="pb" id="Page_20">20</span> -adopted by the mission friars for its outstanding qualities -in the cure of coughs, asthma, rheumatism and pneumonia, -being rightly considered as far superior in this respect to -any of the other medicines brought by them from Europe. -In fact, so great was the medicinal usefulness of these plants -and hundreds of others known to the Indians, that they -soon became the objects of study and investigation, which, -however, met with failure, due to the severe punishment -meted out to any and all Indians for divulging any secrets -pertaining to the medical history of plants used by the tribes. -A penalty which was sufficient to deter them from any further -misdeeds in that direction, and which they always remembered. -Quite a contrast to the modern, elastic laws of our -present civilization.</p> -<h4>ERIODICTYON CALIFORNICUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Que-bel</i>)</h4> -<p>American White Woolly Holly Plant is the sister plant of -<i>E. glutinosum</i>.</p> -<h3>Cathartics.</h3> -<h4>ERIOGONUM ELATUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Pa-va-coneel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Bottle-Weed. Its habitat lies in the volcanic regions -of the Mojave Desert. This plant is rather peculiar in -its growth, thriving on poisonous volcanic soils, where no -other form of plant life can exist. The Indians of the -desert regions used the plant as a physic, and it outranks -<i>Rhamnus californica</i> in this respect. The mission friars overlooked -this plant for the reason that none of them ventured -that far into the desert, valuing their lives above everything -else.</p> -<p>The infusion obtained from the plant was used in very -minimum doses, and when unable to do that, a small branch -was cut and a very small piece was chewed by the constipated -person.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_21">21</div> -<h4>RHAMNUS CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Hoon-wet-que-wa</i>)</h4> -<p>American Coffee Berry. Its habitat is the canyons of high -mountain ranges along waterway banks.</p> -<p>The bark was stripped off the trees, shade-dried and then -ground in a <i>ca-wish-pat-os-vaal</i>, meaning the stone mortar -and pestle generally used in those days, and even by druggists -today, though made of different material. The prepared -powder was used to a great extent at full strength in cases of -constipation, and was administered in well-measured doses, -but not in excess.</p> -<p>Owing to its medicinal properties this tree-plant was introduced -into European countries where it gradually became -the outstanding cathartic of all.</p> -<p>And this is the <i>Rhamnus californica</i>, the medicine of the -Indians, named by Junipero De Serra <i>Cascara sagrada</i>—“Sacred -Bark.”</p> -<h3>Kidneys.</h3> -<h4>EQUISETUM HYEMALE -<br />(<i>Ind. Po-po-ot</i>)</h4> -<p>Its habitat is confined to swampy lands. This plant is very -fond of water, and attains a very vigorous growth under these -conditions. Due to its aquatic nature, the plant, when fully -matured, was gathered, shade-dried and an infusion made -which was used solely in the treatment of prostate gland -trouble. (American Horsetail)</p> -<h4>EPHEDRA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tut-tut</i>)</h4> -<p>Its habitat is the desert lands of California, northwestern -Arizona, and Nevada.</p> -<p>This evergreen, shrubby plant was held in high esteem by -all the Indians, and a good supply of it was always kept on -hand for general use. The infusion made from it was used -<span class="pb" id="Page_22">22</span> -regularly to flush the kidneys. The tea is of a very delicious -taste. A person cannot help liking it, and it also helps to -purify the blood. (American Tea of the Indian)</p> -<h4>PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA -<br />(<i>Ind. Cala-wala</i>)</h4> -<p>American Purple Cliff Brake Fern. Its habitat: the high -mountain ranges. This useful little fern grows abundantly -on most of the limestone formations and is seldom found -anywhere else. Like <i>Ephedra</i> it makes a delicious tea, which -is used more or less for the same purpose, to flush the -kidneys and to tone and thin the blood in severely hot -summer weather as a preventative against sunstroke.</p> -<h3>Blood pressure, sunstroke.</h3> -<h4>ERIOGONUM ELONGATUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Te-ve-na-wa</i>)</h4> -<p>This plant is an inhabitant of the Mojave Desert. There -are two different varieties, one of them being quite common -on arid lands and side hills along our coastal highways. The -other is the best, however, and, as a blood tonic, compares -very favorably in medicinal worth with all others recommended.</p> -<p>The latter was used by the Indian for special cases of high -blood pressure and hardening of the arteries.</p> -<p>It was generally used by Indian runners, and taken before -and after a long-distance run over rough country.</p> -<h3>Sedatives.</h3> -<h4>VERONICA OFFICINALIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Ca-wish-hubel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Speedwell.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_23">23</div> -<h4>MENTHA SPICATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ga-vish-ho-ba-jat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Garden Spearmint. Habitat, the lower marshy -coastal regions.</p> -<h4>ILYSANTHUS BRACHIATUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Samat-hubel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Mountain False Pennyroyal.</p> -<h4>MENTHA CANADENSIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Samat</i>)</h4> -<p>Both <i>Ilysanthus</i> (above) and <i>Mentha Canadensis</i> inhabit -the high mid-coastal ranges and are frequently found lining -the borders of mountain streams in beautiful settings of wild -ferns. (American Mint)</p> -<h4>MICROMERIA DOUGLASII -<br />(<i>Ind. Ya-mish-hubel</i>)</h4> -<p>Mint Family. A rare plant and found only in a few localities -on the mid-coastal ranges, as in Orange County, San Juan -Capistrano, at Hot Springs, situated on the southern slopes -of the Trabuco mountains, Los Angeles County, Fish Canyon, -Pasadena in Santa Barbara County, the heavy woodlands -of Montecito Valley and in the Old Spanish Grand Rancho, -San Leandro. It is also found northward as far as San Francisco -at Angel Islands. The infusion was taken to soothe the -nervous system in cases of insomnia.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_24">24</div> -<h3>Catarrh of the head and nasal chambers.</h3> -<h4>PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Ci-vil</i>)</h4> -<p>American Sycamore. It is an inhabitant of the California -mountain ranges. The underside of its leaves bears a very -fine yellowish moss, which the beautiful little hummingbirds -like to use for building their tiny nests. In fact, they -prefer it to any other material on account of its extreme -softness.</p> -<p>These leaves are valuable as an effective cure for old -chronic cases of catarrh, when the catarrh has passed into -internal ulcers, which continually discharge material of an -offensive odor.</p> -<p>The moss scraped from the underside of the leaves, carefully -and patiently enough to have a sufficient supply to -compound it with the dry powdered yolks of the eggs of -quail and an infusion of <i>Andromeda polifolia</i> was also made -and used as a nasal douche, to cleanse the conduits, followed -afterwards by sniffing the powdered compound before retiring -for the night.</p> -<h4>HELENIUM AUTUMNALE—HELENIUM NUDIFLORUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Pe-bah</i>)</h4> -<p>American Sneeze-Weed. Both inhabit swamps and mountain -springs.</p> -<h4>ANDROMEDA POLIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ho-bef-zo-bal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Moorwort. This is found only at very high -mountain altitudes.</p> -<h3>Toothache and pyorrhea.</h3> -<h4>ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Pas-wat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Yarrow. This plant bears a strong resemblance -<span class="pb" id="Page_25">25</span> -to the Wood Betony, which is poisonous, and both may, in -their wild state, be found side by side in the same locality. -It is indigenous to the mid-coastal range woodlands.</p> -<p>Persons suffering from a severe toothache can cut the tips -of the leaves of <i>Achillea millefolium</i>, roll them into a small -pellet and insert it into the cavity of the aching tooth. You -will be surprised how quickly the pain disappears.</p> -<h4>ERIOGONUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Pas-vaat</i>)</h4> -<p>This inhabitant of the Mojave Desert, with its golden yellow -flowers, is a treat to the true lover of nature. Its blooming -season is in its full glory during the month of October -when everything else in the way of flowering trees and shrubs -is lying dormant. Thousands of acres in the desert may be -seen carpeted with this golden color, blending with that of -autumnal foliage and geological soil formation which also -glows in many tints, offering wonders of inspiration to the -artist—the greatest interpreter of the works of nature next -to the botanist, geologist and naturalist.</p> -<p>For centuries <i>Pas-vaat</i> has been used by the Indians to keep -the roots of the teeth and the gums in a state of health. Whenever -pyorrhea was present and the teeth threatened to become -loose, an infusion of the flowers and leaves of the plant -was made and regularly used as a mouthwash. Although its -taste is very bitter, holding the liquid in the mouth for a -few minutes daily will prevent and cure pyorrhea and tend -to the firm setting of the teeth.</p> -<h4>QUERCUS RUBRA -<br />(<i>Ind. Qui-neel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Red Oak. The juice obtained from the bark is -a very efficient means for straightening and setting loose -teeth, but it has no effect on pyorrhea.</p> -<h4>PERSEA and VANILLA PLANIFOLIA</h4> -<p>American Avocado, or Alligator Pear. Our Indian brothers -<span class="pb" id="Page_26">26</span> -of the North Central American states use the seeds of the -avocado in the treatment of pyorrhea, although only in the -form of powder. It is very good and efficient for toothache, -as is also an infusion made of the vanilla bean.</p> -<h3>Fever and chills.</h3> -<h4>ROSA GALLICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Mal-va-pol</i>)</h4> -<p>American <i>Malva rosa</i>. This rose tree has to some extent -been the subject of discussion among some of our botanical -explorers and the result was always one of indecision.</p> -<p>Now let us look back a few years before the founding of -the California Missions, and thus settle the dispute for all -time. Twelve miles eastward of the Santa Barbara Mission -is a small village by the name of Carpenteria, and at one -time, this village was one of the largest Indian settlements -in existence.</p> -<p>Before the arrival of the mission friars this place was a -dense forest of the giant elm, <i>Ulmus pubescens</i>, a tree which -is very soft and easy to work and the Indian settlement became -the scene of great boat-building activity. The biggest -and best trees were selected, hewed out and shaped into boats, -and their boats were later used to navigate from Santa Barbara -across the channel to Santa Rosa Island and other points. -The Indians traded with the inhabitants of these islands, and -thus they attained a great deal of magnetic iron in exchange -for the wild products of the Pacific coast mainland. The -magnetic iron was of general use among the Indians, being -made into hammers, axes, scraping and cutting knives, fighting -weapons, etc., all made in true Indian mechanical design.</p> -<p>Other valuable rock materials were also traded for, such -as obsidian for arrowheads and small mortars, metates made -of the volcanic rock found on the islands, and also ironwood. -These were all materials much preferred by the Indians to -those of the mainland, which were rather unfit to shape -into stone utensils because they did not have the proper -<span class="pb" id="Page_27">27</span> -cleavage. The Santa Barbara mountain ranges offered none of -these materials—only the minerals, Ullmannite, Oligocene -rock and red jasper which sometimes served as passably fair -substitutes.</p> -<p>Referring again to the trade articles of the island of Santa -Rosa, the Indians, like their white brothers, liked to change -and use different medicines. While navigating the rough sea -across the Santa Barbara channel in their little boats, some -of them would sometimes catch cold from getting wet and -being exposed to cold winds. When reaching the islands some -would have a high fever and chills, and then aid was given -them in the form of <i>Malva rosa</i>, this being the plant used to -break up the fever. And it will do so if properly administered. -The Indians had so much faith in its value that they -brought some of the seeds to the mainland where they were -planted.</p> -<p>Later, on its introduction among other Indian tribes of the -coastal belt, the plant found its way north- and southward -until the coming of the California mission founders. They -learned of the plant’s medicinal value through Indian information, -and were only too glad to adopt it for their own -use—that plant and many others which proved superior to -those brought by them from Europe and which they then -discarded.</p> -<p>Thereupon the friars adapted themselves to the care and -use of the herbs of the Indians.</p> -<p>This is the story of the <i>Malva rosa</i> after which the island -of Santa Barbara bears its name <i>Santa Rosa</i>, or “Holy Rose,” -and botanically <i>Rosa gallica</i>.</p> -<h3>Fractures.</h3> -<h4>ULMUS PUBESCENS -<br />(<i>Ind. He-wa-wa</i>)</h4> -<p>American Elm. We have seen that the beautiful elm was -used by choice as a light, soft boat-building material. It played -also a very useful and important part in the adjustment and -healing of broken and fractured arms or legs. The work -<span class="pb" id="Page_28">28</span> -was very simple and effective. The patient was placed in bed, -or what was known in those days as the <i>un-wet</i>, meaning -bearskin mattress, to lie down and rest till the Indian runners -returned from the forest with the stripped bark of the -elm, which was very carefully selected and had to be free of -woody knots, with the inner side of the bark as smooth as -silk. These large strips were cut to mould and fit clear around -the broken bones, then tied with wet buckskin. This was -done to allow contraction of the buckskin with that of the -green juicy bark of the elm, while the fevered and swollen -joint absorbed the juice of the bark.</p> -<p>Care was taken to add more juice extracted from the tree -to the bark strips to prevent quick contraction which would -be very painful, due to swelling and counterpressure from -the drying bark. The time involved in healing broken bones -could well be considered two thirds of the time taken under -the hands of modern skilled surgeons.</p> -<p>In parts of the country where the elm wasn’t available a -freshly killed rabbit, its skin quickly removed and slipped -onto the broken joint served equally as well, only it required -more time to heal.</p> -<h3>Blood specific, purifier and tonic.</h3> -<h4>FOUQUIERIA SPLENDENS -<br />(<i>Ind. Gaiesh-pohl</i>)</h4> -<p>American Desert Candlewood. Spanish, <i>Ocotillo</i>. This -plant’s habitat is the southeastern wings of the Mojave -Desert, and the locality best suited to its growth is Borrego -Valley at the northern border of San Diego County. This -great valley, at one time very rich and fertile, was used by the -Indian tribes of Chief Hobo-yak of Ca-we for the raising of -considerable livestock. This particular spot commanded an -extensive view of the desert territory, as well as the mountain -<span class="pb" id="Page_29">29</span> -peaks surrounding it. From the top, a clear view could be obtained -toward north, northeast and southeast to the Mexican -border, and it afforded a natural fortification for the aggressive -Ca-we Indians.</p> -<p>There still remain a few of the sand-dune forts heavily -overgrown with creosote bushes. These forts are deeply recessed, -formed in the shape of a horseshoe, its outlet serving -as an entrance at the same time. Pointing northward toward -the high mountain ranges, the graves, or burialground -of the Indians, are located just outside of the fort and a few -feet to the left from the outlet on a well-arranged plot of -ground.</p> -<p>The interment was simple. After a grave had been dug, -it was filled with dry wood and set on fire until a good bed -of charcoal was attained; after which, the defunct together -with his belongings was placed upon it and left to burn as -the grave was covered.</p> -<p>Cremation took place slowly but surely.</p> -<p>Little evidence was left for the grave robber or the anthropologist. -And still less for the archaeologist, as the defunct’s -pottery and rock mortars also were disposed of by -being broken into thousands of pieces, and then scattered -over the grave.</p> -<p>There is more to be said about this historical valley in -that it was the main artery of caravan travel of the intrepid -American and Mexican pioneers, and of the Spanish explorers, -who all in turn were met and held up by the Indians -for information. Those not offering resistance were allowed -to pass through the territory unmolested—provided, of course, -they wouldn’t hang around the valley.</p> -<p>However, quite a number of bloody battles took place -there, between Indians and whites, as the latter, having had -some experience with hostile Apaches when crossing the -desert, misunderstood the signals of the Ca-we Indians. -Instead of waiting to see what they wanted, the leading -scouts of the caravan ordered every man to stand by and, as -the Indians came near, they opened fire on them. This didn’t -prove of benefit to the pioneers and only resulted in disaster, -thus putting an end to their journey.</p> -<p>Even to this day many of their belongings are kept well -<span class="pb" id="Page_30">30</span> -secured in the bosom of Borrego Valley. Sand dunes uncovered -now and then by desert winds prove there is a possibility -of their all being recovered in time and preserved as -historical relics of days gone by.</p> -<p>At the northwest end of the valley are the historical camp -grounds of De Anza, the Spanish explorer, who was the only -one ever known to have put up camp in the valley in those -days.</p> -<p>And this marked the beginning of darker days for the Indians. -First came the Spaniards, then the Mexicans and last -the American gringos. They all passed there, but none had -the least suspicion of what was to take place in the future. -De Anza, while resting up for a short period, explored among -the surrounding mountains in search of a pass which would -lead westward. In this the Indians helped him by pointing -toward the Pacific coast. De Anza reported to his superiors -the finding of emeralds, but in this he was mistaken as the -precious stones found in those mountains are mostly tourmalines -in a great variety of tints, including green. This -probably accounts for De Anza’s naming them emeralds. They -also occur in red, pink, yellow, white and black, with spodumene -crystals in violet and purple.</p> -<p>The floor of the valley also yields carnelian milky quartz, -bloodstones, as well as fossilized wood and jasper. These -beautiful precious stones have found a place among the -gems of the world and are well-known among mineralogists. -In the traditional history of the Indians, De Anza is still remembered -for the discipline and control he kept over his -men, a fact which greatly facilitated his progress. And his -goodwill and kindness toward the Indians were of the purest -humaneness, standing out brightly as attributes of genuine -manhood. Very few Spaniards could boast of such qualities—they -ordinarily were brutal, and their history was written in -blood in those days.</p> -<p>The Mexican soldiers who arrived later, by way of this -valley, committed frightful excesses among the Indians, even -assaulting and outraging the fair daughters of Ca-we. A horrible -tragedy marked the sequel to those days of terror and -bloodshed.</p> -<p>Then, in the rising dust on the northeastern horizon appeared -<span class="pb" id="Page_31">31</span> -a newcomer, General Kearny, in command of his -gallant dragoons, following the course De Anza had taken. -He had no trouble making the pass as his men were under -strict military discipline and the blue uniforms worn by officers -and troopers caused much admiration among the Indians. -Little did they know, however, that behind this army -was a power and authority which could be exercised without -cause or provocation in the name of the government of -the United States—and that was exactly General Kearny’s -mission: to retake the lands held by the Mexicans as their -own at San Pasqual. He became engaged in a heated battle -with Mexican soldiers and civilians and his casualties were -so heavy that he faced defeat. As a last resort, he appealed to -the Indians chiefs for help, and the Ca-we Indians, remembering -only too well the atrocities and brutalities committed -upon their women by the soldiers of Mexico, granted the -General’s request and dispatched five hundred warriors to aid -General Kearny.</p> -<p>Arriving at the battlefield, the Indian braves attacked the -Mexicans from all sides, thus saving the day for General -Kearny who had but a few of his men left.</p> -<p>As to the kind of report he made to the War Department, -and whether he took all the credit for having won this bloody -battle whereas, by rights, the Indians alone were responsible -for the victory, is not known to us. But we have every reason -to believe that the report was in his favor in order to shield -the command from embarrassment were it to become known -that Indian aid and tactics had been the deciding factor. At -any rate, up to the present time, Indian records don’t show -any letter of acknowledgment ever having been received -from the United States Government for the service rendered -General Kearny.</p> -<p>Instead of receiving at least a “Thank you,” they were -from that time on looked upon as “easy,” believing anything -that was told them—and this was proved to their own satisfaction -in 1851-52. No doubt some of our fellow citizens -do not know what this means. Therefore, to elucidate a little, -let me say that this was the time when a benevolent government -sent a very able regiment of politicians out here -in command of a few army engineers.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_32">32</div> -<p>These engineers executed their commission in a first-rate -manner and negotiated and signed 18 treaties with the signatures -also of 400 Indian chiefs. And the Indians turned -over more than one hundred million acres of fertile lands -to the government, leaving a reserve of ten million acres to -the Indians. The larger acreage was to be paid for, as per -duly signed agreement, at the rate of $1.25 per acre, and to -this day the Indian is still waiting for it. The politicians, -however, lost no time but took over as much as they could -of these rich Indian lands and eventually the entire open -country was known as the Ranch of Senator “This,” or Senator, -Congressman, or Colonel “That.”</p> -<p>That the longest road has a turning was proved by the battle -of San Pasqual: it opened the Indians’ eyes to many things—such -as, that had they but stayed out of it or used our forces -otherwise, a different story would be told. The Indians were -expelled from the Borrego Valley. We need no explanation -here that they were good strategists and fighters and their -holdings there were needed for the purpose mentioned. The -valley has been donated by these patriotic and liberal politicians -to the State of California and, by law, has become its -property, and a state park.</p> -<p>And from high on its mountain top, the men of Ca-we -may look down into the valley and think of its past history -with an ache in their hearts. Only a few make a yearly trip -there, for the purpose of gathering a goodly supply of medicinal -plants and the <i>Ocotillo</i> or Indian Poinsettia Candlewood.</p> -<h3>Blood tonic.</h3> -<h4>SALIX WASHINGTONIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ke-cham-ka</i>)</h4> -<p>American Willow Tree. This is a common inhabitant of -most of our swamps and rivers and is occasionally met with -far inland. Like the elm tree, it is very fond of water, and -both species may be found growing together in the desert -or dry mountain gorges. We should, therefore, always look -<span class="pb" id="Page_33">33</span> -for such places when in want of water—for it is sure to be -close to the surface and can be had by digging a few feet -underground.</p> -<p>The Indians, when traveling across country, always stopped -at such places where these trees were growing, and water was -obtainable very quickly in sufficient quantities for domestic -use. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t find water seepages -on the surface. You must remember that the elm and the -willow growing around that ancient fountain consume most -of the water coming upward to the surface.</p> -<p>These sources of liquid supply were once the watering -places for migratory birds flying east or northward, and by -means of their droppings these trees became habitants of -these wild regions.</p> -<p>Concerning the medicinal value of the willow tree, the -Indians would take the leaves and pound them in the stone -mortar, after which the pulp was put into water where it -was allowed to remain a few hours. The liquid was then -taken like any other beverage, the patient first having taken -a bath to prevent a cold, and to keep the blood at the proper -temperature.</p> -<p>The tea has a decidedly bitter taste. During the dormant -season of the trees when the leaves were not available, the -bark was stripped from the tree and served the purpose just -as well.</p> -<h4>TABARDILLO -<br />(<i>Ind. Pees-wel</i>)</h4> -<p>This strawberry-leaved plant grew in our time in abundance -throughout the lower coastal ranges and valleys; but -when the white pioneers in the early days began clearing the -land for agricultural purposes, it marked the destruction of -this and other valuable plants also.</p> -<p>Therefore, this plant is now totally extinct in the lower -coastal plains, but still available in a few remote places in -the higher ranges, where it is gathered by the Indians for -home use.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_34">34</div> -<p>Tea is made from the plant, and all the members of the -family partake of it for at least one full month each year.</p> -<p>The infusion made from the root is of a clear, wine-red -color, and is extremely beneficial as a blood tonic.</p> -<h4>HOSACKIA GLABRA -<br />(<i>Ind. Su-cot</i>)</h4> -<p>American Deer Grass. Inhabiting the high coastal ranges, -this beautiful little flowering grass when in bloom, during -the month of May, appears to be almost a massive bouquet -of carnations among the greenery of the mountain slopes.</p> -<p>Deer are frequently found foraging in places where the -<i>Hosackia glabra</i> grows, as they are very fond of the grass, and -the Indians, as a rule, pick such localities to hunt in.</p> -<p>The infusion made from the plant is rather aromatic and, -if taken regularly, it will help to build up the blood.</p> -<h3>Antidote.</h3> -<h4>PIPERACEA -<br />(<i>Ind. Chu-co-pat</i>)</h4> -<p>Habitat, rich northern mountain slopes. It grows mostly -in underbrush, but is sometimes found on cleared land. It -was gathered, dried and then ground in the rock mortar to -a very fine powder, for use when our people exchanged poisoned -arrows for bullets on the field of battle. Our poisoned -arrows were more effective than bullets, as a scratch would -send an enemy to eternal rest. Today we still use this plant -in the treatment of trachoma, and rattlesnake, black-widow -and scorpion bites. (American Pepper Plant)</p> -<h3>Poison.</h3> -<h4>ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tee-snnat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Golden Poppy. The true native flower of our -<span class="pb" id="Page_35">35</span> -western domain—the flower of the beautiful, rich golden -color. However, being a poisonous plant, the poppy fields -were of no use to the good morals and medical practice -of the Indian doctors in the days gone by. But the notorious -witch-doctor, having more of the devil in him than of anything -else, made general use of this plant to compound some -of his poisonous medicines in his irregular and evil practice. -This may be strange to learn, but we had its counterpart -among other races—the white race included—where -witchcraft with its incantations, love potions and straight -poisoning of humans played quite a role. And so it was -here among the Indians. For instance, if a woman became -enamoured of a certain man and the object of her affections -paid no attention to her advances, whether his regards were -already placed in some other quarter, or for other reasons, -this was sufficient for the woman who, having had her immoral -desires thwarted, resorted to the witch-doctor. He -would compound a preparation with the poppy as one of -its main ingredients. This was then given to the innocent -victim with the help of a second or third party, either in -a solid or liquid form, and in less than twenty-four hours after -partaking of it the poor fellow’s mentality became befogged -and powerless, and was thus easily controlled by the evil -woman.</p> -<p>When such a case was brought to the attention of the chief -of the tribe, orders were given to bring the malefactors in -to be tried before the rest of the chiefs.</p> -<p>The leaders of this evil practice, if found guilty, were -condemned to exile, and, under a guard of warriors, taken far -out into the desolate desert with the death penalty hanging -over them, should they ever return.</p> -<p>The poisoned victim was placed in the hands of the tribal -doctor who gave him an antidote which counteracted the -poison given by the witch—something which no white doctor -has been able to do in spite of his knowledge of medical -science and chemistry. Cases of such nature have happened -among Indians and yet the patient’s normal state of mind -and health was restored.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_36">36</div> -<h4>ASTRAGALUS MOLLISSIMUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Po-gat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Locoweed. A good many years ago this poisonous -plant was powdered and used to dope race horses, as the -Spaniards were very fond of this sport of kings. And since -they were the great landowners when the Americans began -to come in, this sport became more popular than ever. Money -was wagered against large tracts of the Mexican-Spanish lands -in behalf of their favorite horses, and at times amounted to -many hundreds of acres of the richest and most fertile land. -It was this very poisonous <i>Astragalus mollissimus</i> that was -responsible for the transference of large Spanish and Mexican -grants into the hands of Americans.</p> -<p>The Indians, being well-informed and cognizant of the -fraud being perpetrated at the expense of their good friends, -revealed to them the tactics employed and, for a small compensation, -offered to recover for them some of their losses. -This offer was gladly accepted and, in consequence, the Mexican -landowner would again challenge the former American -winner, whereupon a date was set for the race.</p> -<p>Under cover of night the Indian would watch over the -horse that was to run until the day of the race, when he would -appear in order to redeem his promise. Although this may -cause surprise, it was only a little Indian trick, playing its -part of revenge on deceiving, dishonest persons.</p> -<p>It was clean, honest revenge, not requiring the poisoning -of one of our most highly valued domestic animals, and this -is how it was done.</p> -<p>The Indian rider concealed under the bosom of his buckskin -shirt two pieces of skin, one from a fresh bearskin and -the other from that of a mountain lion. When both riders -were lined up for the race and right at the moment of taking -off, the Indian, with a quick jerk, would pull both skins—which -were hanging on a string—from under his shirt and -his opponent’s horse, quickly scenting them, would stop and -balk, throw up his head and look fearfully around in all -directions.</p> -<p>The Indian made the wire easily and thus the other horse’s -<span class="pb" id="Page_37">37</span> -deceiving owner lost the race and also his ill-gotten gains, -proving again that crime, in any form, doesn’t pay in the long -run.</p> -<h3>Hair tonic, hair and scalp diseases.</h3> -<h4>LARREA MEXICANA -<br />(<i>Ind. Ato-col</i>)</h4> -<p>American Creosote Bush. I have mentioned the use of this -shrubby bush in the beginning for another disease. It was -used by the Indians for various maladies which I shall describe -toward the end of the book.</p> -<p>The plant was one of the principal herbs used to eradicate -dandruff and the infusion, when used as a hair-wash once a -week for a period of about two months, will be found enough -to rid a person of dandruff thoroughly. Its one drawback, if -any, is that it will make the hair coarse, although on the -other hand, very strong. It was also used as a disinfectant -and deodorizer of bodily odors by sponging the body with -the full-strength infusion.</p> -<h4>LOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII -<br />(<i>Ind. Am-mool</i>)</h4> -<p>American Desert Agave or Button Root. Indigenous to the -Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, East Riverside -County and the Borrego Valley situated at the northern end -of San Diego County, and thence southeastward to the Mexican -border. The Indians made special trips to places where -this plant grew, and spent several weeks at a time in harvesting -it. The root is very important and yields the proper ingredients -to compound one of the finest hair tonics known—greatly -superior to the best on the American market of today.</p> -<p>After gathering the plants, the Indians roasted the leaves -<span class="pb" id="Page_38">38</span> -in covered underground rock pits. After this was done they -underwent a sun-drying process, following which they were -cut into small square pieces and stored away for winter use -in hermetically sealed earthen <i>ay-as</i>.</p> -<p>The plant was put to many other uses which I shall not -divulge at this time, as it would probably invite total extermination -of the desert agave, as occurred in the case of -the bison and the messenger dove.</p> -<h3>Ringworms and scalp germs of the hair roots.</h3> -<h4>MICRAPELIS MICRACARPA -<br />(<i>Ind. Yal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Thorny Cucumber. This beautiful vine is very -common through the lower and upper coastal ranges. Wherever -you may go you will see the thorny cucumber. It is very -bitter to the taste and the seeds are very pretty, running into -the various shades of white, yellow, gray, black, olive-green, -brown, and red.</p> -<p>In the ’90s the white people discovered that they could be -worked into portieres, hanging ornaments, etc., as they looked -so beautiful and the fad became so strong that young and -old would search for these seeds all over the country with -the result that the plant became almost extinct, the usual -net result when the white man took a fancy to certain plants -or animals. However, in this instance, kind Mother Nature -hid a few seeds away among and under the carpet of autumn -leaves which in time replaced the destruction wrought by -the white man.</p> -<p>One should know that we, the so-called savages, never destroyed -wantonly, and when we gathered the flowers, seeds, -leaves and bark of plants, we did so for a useful purpose, not -to strew them along the highways as the custom is among -certain humans of today.</p> -<p><i>Micrapelis micracarpa</i> was used in the treatment of ringworm -in the epidermis. Juices extracted from the rind of the -<span class="pb" id="Page_39">39</span> -thorny cucumber were rubbed into afflicted parts—a sure and -effective remedy.</p> -<p>For the treatment of diseased scalps and hair roots the oil -extracted from the seeds is massaged into the scalp and thus -prevents the falling out of the hair.</p> -<p>The juice of <i>Micrapelis micracarpa</i> will remove human -bloodstains, one of the most difficult stains to remove. The -Indian made quite frequent use of it—when returning from -the battlefield or a hunting trip—to remove such stains from -his buckskin clothes.</p> -<h3>The soap of the Indian.</h3> -<h4>CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA -<br />(<i>Ind. Meh-hish</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Gourd. This plant, inhabiting the arid -soils of the coastal plains, is very hardy and at its best -in worthless ground unsuitable for agricultural purposes. -Thanks to Mother Nature, by thriving in otherwise dead -soils, it was assured of continuous preservation.</p> -<p>The Indians regarded it highly as being useful in what -washing they had to do toward keeping their buckskin clothes -and blankets clean. Very soon after the vandals from Spain -invaded our country, they adopted this plant in place of their -greasy soaps. When the gourds were fully matured they were -gathered and put away in the shade to dry for winter use. -For the day’s washing, one gourd was put in about ten gallons -of water to help bleach the clothes, while large, square -pieces were cut from the roots (which grow to an immense -size) and were used as root soap bars for rubbing the clothes -laid on a smooth log or a flat rock. Another plant similarly -used was the fibrous bulb of the</p> -<h4>CHLOROGALUM POMERIDIANUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Mo-cee</i>)</h4> -<p>A member of the Lily family, known as Soap Plant.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_40">40</div> -<h4>SAPONARIA OFFICIANALIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Yu-look-ut-hish</i>)</h4> -<p>American Soapwort. Inhabits the woodlands of the lower -coast regions. The juice extracted from the roots of this plant -makes an excellent hair tonic and cleanser, giving the hair -a beautiful, brilliant gloss and, as a shampoo, it exceeds -most of the modern hair tonics which, in my opinion, are -more or less injurious to the hair roots due to an excess of -alcohol in the preparations. Blooming season: May to June.</p> -<p>Its leaves were also of much use in cases of pains of the -spleen. They were ground into a pulp and applied as a poultice-plaster -directly where the pain was, and kept there for -from three to four hours.</p> -<h4>BRODIAEA -<br />(<i>Ind. Meh-wahot</i>)</h4> -<p>Is an inhabitant of the lower coastal regions, and is one of -the other plants serviceable for making an excellent shampoo -for the hair, the bulb and flowers being used for the purpose. -Blooms from March to May.</p> -<h3>Protection against lightning.</h3> -<h4>CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS and PINUS SABINIANA -<br />(<i>Ind. O-Oot</i>)<span class="hst"> (<i>Ind. Wa-at</i>)</span></h4> -<p>The California Lilac—Spanish <i>Chaparral</i>—an inhabitant -of the mountain ranges, blooms like the common lilac and -is very beautiful.</p> -<p>Attracting every nature lover, this gigantic shrub is possessed -of a strange power, which up to the present has escaped -attention, due to its having been kept secret among -the Indians for centuries.</p> -<p>As I am writing Indian legends through botany, I, for the -first time, shall reveal the virtues of this shrub and it should -prove of the greatest interest to those engaged in scientific -research, especially in geology and botanical chemistry. And -<span class="pb" id="Page_41">41</span> -if the shrub is used as the Indians used it—and still do—it -will help to safeguard life when thunder and lightning are at -their worst at timber line of high mountainsides and peaks.</p> -<p>These monumental cones were at one time, in the early -Archean period, surcharged with volcanic activity, which was -responsible for the enormous iron deposits stored in the -bowels of the earth. Electrical storms, being attracted by the -iron, burst at times there with terrific violence, causing a -truly phenomenal disturbance; while lightning bolts strike -the iron bodies, completely magnetizing them, turning them -gradually into the mineral, magnetic iron.</p> -<p>Now, let us bear in mind that cone-bearing pines and the -<i>Chaparral</i> grow side by side on and over these magnetic iron -deposits. Of the two, the pine seldom escapes destruction -whereas the <i>Chaparral</i> deflects lightning. At the harvest season -of the pine nuts, when these storms were very frequent, -precaution had to be taken against the danger of being -struck by lightning, and the <i>Chaparral</i> was the tree chosen -in the pine forest by the Indians as furnishing both safety -and shelter.</p> -<p>Now, some of our Red fellow men, through ignorance and -a belief in miracles, were superstitious and quite sincere in -their belief in the efficiency possessed by the magnetic -iron mineral, and in its inherent supernatural powers to -guard their homes against prowlers and thieves. So, much -of it was gathered after its discovery and placed inside the -homes to protect them from such intruders. Therefore, whenever -a man was known to be in the possession of this mineral -he became the object of much reverence and respect by -wrongdoers, the belief being that the magnetic iron attracts -and draws to it all other particles of nonmagnetic iron. By -the same token, if they entered strange premises, the same -thing would happen to them and they would be held until -the rightful owner appeared.</p> -<p>The author of <i>Chi-nich-nich</i>, Dr. John P. Harrington, of -the Department of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, -found himself against a wall when he wrote something about -this “wizard” mineral under its Indian name without a sample -from his Indian informant, Mr. Albanes. Dr. Harrington -was unable to give a firsthand description and had no definite -<span class="pb" id="Page_42">42</span> -idea of what the mineral actually was until he requested me -to revise his work, a thing I did gladly at the printing office -in Santa Ana, Calif.</p> -<p>Later on, when my opinion was asked regarding the book -I, of course, drew my own conclusions and withheld any -criticism. This I did, not deeming it wise to make any remarks -about parts of the work which did not represent the -true phases of Indian life, for, as I held the key that would -correct those parts, any criticism from me would only have -led to my being questioned as to my knowledge of things -which I didn’t feel at liberty to divulge.</p> -<p>Accordingly, my identification of the “wizard stone” broke -up an expensive Smithsonian expedition which was to be -made by a group of geologists, with all its branches well-represented, -in search of magnetic iron. Now, this is a mineral -which has some commercial value in the electrical field, -the steel industries and in the manufacture of scientific instruments, -although some charlatans, like some of my Indian -brothers, claim the mineral possesses supernatural powers -and the so-called lodestone is sold today to a good many -people as a talisman.</p> -<p>This lodestone is nothing more than common magnetic -iron, yellow in color due to the large amount of sulphur in -the mineral. The silver-gray magnetic ore which was the Indian’s -“wizard stone” derives its color from the arsenic it -contains. Furthermore, many other spurious contrivances are -being sold, not to Indians but to white people of even very -superior intelligence and P. T. Barnum fell far short in his -estimate of the number of people just waiting to fall into the -snare of deception, with his famous remark that “a sucker -is born every minute.” Every second would be nearer the -truth.</p> -<p>By personal investigation which I made I found that some -of these deluded victims, men and women both, carry upon -their persons lodestones for “luck,” whereas others think -that by wearing them concealed close to the flesh it gives -them a strong magnetic personality and thereby they command -the attention they desire from others.</p> -<p>This is not likely to happen. You can magnetize your body, -<span class="pb" id="Page_43">43</span> -to be sure, but not this way. The right way is the way of -the Indians of wisdom, nature’s way. If you are getting sluggish, -low in vitality and vigor, it simply means that the battery-cells -of your body are low and need recharging. Civilization -has to some extent deprived us of this great body builder -and has isolated us until the flesh of our feet does not make -contact with the vast electrical currents of Mother Nature. -To receive any benefits from this natural resource you must -not wear shoes in the spring or early summer months, and, -weather permitting, go to some lonely place where you are -sure there won’t be any interference by the authorities, remove -your clothing and then lie flat on the ground with -your muscles well relaxed.</p> -<p>While doing this, dismiss from your mind everything -which would cause you worry. Slowly but surely you will -find yourself to be a different man if this is repeated yearly. -Thus you will have learned to “magnetize” your soul and -preserve yourself for the many years before you, as most -Indians do.</p> -<p>How to be free from daily annoying trivialities, which only -serve to undermine one’s health, weaken one’s body and -render one an easy prey to disease and misery, the Indian -understood thoroughly. Instead, he cultivated poise, and -reached such perfection that he became the envy of the white -race in that respect.</p> -<h3>Antivenin for rattlesnake and tarantula bites.</h3> -<h4>DATURA METELOIDES. -<br />(<i>Ind. Qui-qui-sa-waal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Jimson Weed. This plant is an inhabitant of -the California coastal region and is not particular as to the -nature of the soil or its fertility, but thrives anywhere. This -tuberous, bushy plant is highly narcotic and when the leaves -are properly cured they can be used either in the form of -tea or smoked, but withal, very sparingly, since an overdose -may very likely cause one to be committed to an insane -<span class="pb" id="Page_44">44</span> -asylum, as it is a rank poison and its effect may even land -one in an undertaker’s mortuary. Therefore, my advice is -to leave it alone.</p> -<p>My Indian brothers, being unable to give correct information -to hard-shelled scientists and writers through a poor -knowledge of the English language, were made objects of -criticism, and science deliberately declined to acknowledge -the medicinal value of this cousin to Datura stramonium -which in modern medical practice is of great value at the -present time.</p> -<p>Considering, however, the value and uses of <i>Datura -meteloides</i>, I assert that this decision was very irregular and -out of all proportion as to what it was intended. We know -that everything can be abused, yet some of our Indian brothers -who wished to live in ignorance and superstition had a -perfect right to do so. In truth, it wasn’t so with all Indians -and there were really some great minds amongst them.</p> -<p>When, for instance, the Chinaman wishes to see the beautiful -lotus and cherry blossoms of his native land, he does -so through the smoke of the opium-pipe.</p> -<p>Then, how about our boasted white civilization which is -supposed to be superior to all? Some, of course, like to see -Yankee Doodle marching down the street, others draw the -hypodermic from its case to stimulate the vision of desire—or -sniff cocaine through the nostrils for the same purpose.</p> -<p>How much, I ask, has present-day civilization to offer the -Indian? Kind readers and hard-shelled scientists, I pray you, -let us be rational and let us go deeper into the field of investigation. -And I advise you for your own good to do so -even if <i>Datura meteloides</i> has failed to make its appearance -in the pharmacopoeia with its commercial mark [*Rx] prefixed -with the “M.D.” As I have said once before, there is very little -in the drugstores today for which the Indian cannot find -a substitute in the great field of nature. The plants I am -writing about in this book represent just one-fourth of the -medicinal botany of our Indians of the Pacific Southwest.</p> -<p>In support of my assertion, I only ask that you visit the -Historical Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, Calif., and see -with your own eyes what a medicine case consisted of for the -general practice of medicine in the early days, in those days -<span class="pb" id="Page_45">45</span> -when most people of the white race thought themselves -further advanced in medicine than the Indians. Such was -not the case by far, and for a comparison and evidence of -my assertion I submit a résumé of the contents used by the -first white doctor to practice medicine in the State of California. -His name I omit. His soul is at rest!</p> -<p>His medicine case contained a few vials: (1) Oil of Cloves, -(2) Spirits of Ammonia, (3) Spirits of Peppermint, (4) Wintergreen, -(5) Jamaica Ginger, (6) Castor Oil, (7) Quinine.</p> -<p>And that was all he had to serve as a comparison with -what the Indians used, and in this I prefer that you, kind -reader, be the judge. I am not exaggerating but speak only -in the light of truth. A great deal of misinterpretation of -Indian life has been written by white authors who gathered -their information from Indians who knew a great deal -but were unable to give comprehensive data to the white -writer. Others were there who could have done so, but their -lips were sealed where the white man was concerned. This -accounts for the mistakes which have been made and whereby -<i>Datura meteloides</i> has failed to gain recognition for its -meritorious medicinal value. It is worth knowing that the -plant is antivenin and will effect cures of rattlesnake and -tarantula bites. What improvement has the hard-shelled scientist -made to counteract the deadly poison of the tarantula? -None, of course!</p> -<p>Not so long ago a man in New Orleans, La., gave up his -life for want of a serum that would counteract the poison -of a tarantula which had bitten him. Three doctors, equipped -with all the white man’s knowledge of medicine and chemistry, -strove desperately hard to save the man’s life but finally -gave up in despair and frankly admitted that to date no -serum had been discovered to conquer the poison of the -tarantula!</p> -<p>Yet there is one and it behooves the medical profession to -get acquainted with <i>Datura meteloides</i>.</p> -<p>A practical and effective demonstration was given in the -presence of a group of mission friars at San Gabriel, California, -in the year 1828. The friars, having heard that <i>toulache</i> -was used by the Indians to cure rattlesnake bites, lost -no time in watching attentively the procedure followed by the -<span class="pb" id="Page_46">46</span> -Indian in charge—Genio Guana-pia-pa was the medicine -man. The patient was seated before them well-covered with -a blanket, with only an opening remaining around the neck -in order to permit <i>Datura meteloides</i> to be poured over his -body. All this, of course, was very simple. But what of the -process used to extract the poison, when, and what compounds? -Yes, there is just one other which belongs in the -formula, a formula which has cost me thirty-two years of -waiting to finally wrest it from my uncle, Chief Pablo of Pe-we-pe -and Guana-pia-pa who gave me access to the ancient -historical records of the Indians of California, records which -many historians, archaeologists, and practically all men of -science would welcome.</p> -<p>The white man has missed the true and better half of the -Indian history of the Pacific Southwest. This I shall describe -in another book after the translation has been made.</p> -<p>The rattlesnake and tarantula formula I will donate to the -good of mankind, free under patent rights under my control -to avoid medical exploitation, speculation, and selfish -rights of monopoly. I am not in search of mere money. Honor -and character are of far more value to me. My happiness -comes to me from the good I can do to others, and this to -me is almost an obligation to clear and right every wrong -done to my people; not with a deadly weapon, but with pen -and ink, the Lord willing!</p> -<p>We Indians have not yet learned some of the ways and -customs of our white brothers, and, therefore, I could not -say that what cannot be done today can be done ten years -from now. Our religion and philosophy teach us that the heart -is the pendulum of life, each stroke representing timely -death which may befall us with one of these strokes any moment, -and so don’t forget <i>Datura meteloides</i>.</p> -<p>Once an incident occurred when <i>Datura meteloides</i> was -being prepared at a place where the spying eyes of the friars -couldn’t observe it. Enough plundering had been done already, -and the Indians had no desire to divulge their secret. -They would only show them what they could do. One of -the friars, full of doubt and curiosity, asked one of the Indians -who, the day before, had assisted a patient bitten by -a rattlesnake to go with him into one of the fields north of -<span class="pb" id="Page_47">47</span> -the Mission, pretending he wanted information as to certain -plants growing there. When there, the friar drew near -to a <i>Datura meteloides</i>, and at once began questioning the -Indian about the plant, whereupon the Indian refused to -give information. The friar, seeing he couldn’t make him -yield, began kicking at the plant, uttering at the same time -Latin words, which of course were wholly unintelligible to -the Indian. The friar did that only to make the Indian show -resentment, thinking he had cursed a plant which, to the -Indian, was sacred.</p> -<p>However, the friar’s scheme didn’t work; the Indian stood -by in silence, until at last the saintly friar lost control of -his temper, damned the Indian and his herbs and finally -told him that if he’d dig up one of the roots he would -chew it, nay, even swallow it, just to show him it was worthless.</p> -<p>The Indian took him at his word, dug up a root and -handed it to him. Our friar was game and began chewing -it. Accidentally he swallowed some of the bitter juice and -in 15 minutes went through terrible convulsions, till death -came.</p> -<h3>Weather observation, travel and fishing aids, aqueous plants.</h3> -<h4>ECHINOCACTUS and SEMPERVIVUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Co-pash</i>)</h4> -<p>American Water-Barrel Cactus. An inhabitant of the arid -Pacific southwestern deserts. Like all Indians in their boyhood -days I was also warned of the great perils threatening -human beings in the desert, and in order to meet any -emergency which might arise, we received much instruction -for the time to come when this was absolutely necessary for -our safety. The schooling given us consisted chiefly of weather -observation, how to detect the approach of severe desert -storms from the very beginning of sunset through part of -the night by watching the action of the stars, the night atmosphere -and the various changes of the air currents.</p> -<p>All this had to be mastered to such a degree of perfection -<span class="pb" id="Page_48">48</span> -that I doubt very much if any Bureau of Meteorology could -do better. Most of the changes indicated heat waves, electric -rainstorms, terrific wind, sand storms, etc. The only -instrument the Indian had was his index finger which he -made use of by holding it in his mouth for a few seconds, -then pulling it out quickly and thrusting it upright toward -the sky, his eyes fixed on the North Star. The side of the finger -which cooled quickest indicated the direction of the -wind.</p> -<p>Now came our water compasses, very primitive in form, -but instructive and true to sense of direction as direct leaders -to water holes.</p> -<p>Of course the Indians venturing across the arid desert were -always careful to take with them the <i>Sempervivum</i>—House -Leek—and, as an extra measure of precaution, another plant -which grows abundantly in the semi-arid regions. These very -same things were taught some of the old white pioneers who -were friendly and had shown kindness to the Indians, while -others perished from lack of knowledge of how to make use -of these plants—the <i>Echinocactus</i> and the <i>Sempervivum</i>, -which furnish thirst-quenching juices.</p> -<p>The thorns of the <i>Echinocactus</i> were used by the Indians -as fishhooks for deep-water fishing so that the modern fishhook -is by no means the white man’s invention.</p> -<p>Both the <i>Echinocactus</i> and <i>Sempervivum</i> were also used -for the prevention of swelling of the salivary glands as a result -of the tongue being dry and inactive.</p> -<h3>General medication.</h3> -<h4>TRICHOSTEMA LANATUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Zu-bal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Rosemary. This shrub, when in full bloom -in the months of May to July, emits a sweet, balsamic fragrance, -and is of great medicinal value for many ailments.</p> -<p>The Indians who made use of this plant a great deal had -no difficulty in tracing it through its scent to its place of -growth, where the flowering stocks were carefully gathered -<span class="pb" id="Page_49">49</span> -so that the root and crown system suffered no injury. Extra -precaution was taken for the next annual blooming season, -for most of the plants were of a delicate nature. As far back -as I can remember, in the late ’90s, the <i>Trichostema lanatum</i> -grew in abundance along the near coastal ranges, but gradually -this very valuable plant became a victim of extermination -through brush fires at the hands of careless hunters and -the clearing of land by farmers. The Indians, perceiving how -rapidly these plants were vanishing, gathered the seeds and -carried them further inland, into rough mountain country -where they were resown, and there they remained in their -last botanical refuge with hundreds of others which are of -great medicinal value also.</p> -<p>Furthermore, from such localities Indian hunters would -gather the seeds and carry them still further into the mountains -for safety and for purposes of propagation. Today it is -solely due to the Indian’s foresight that <i>Trichostema lanatum</i> -is found plentifully in the Pe-we-pe mountains, better known -today as the San Gorgania mountains. It is also found in -Riverside County and the San Jacinto mountains, on southward -over high mountaintops in lower California, Mexico, -and northward to San Rafael but rarely beyond that point.</p> -<h3>Ptomaine poisoning.</h3> -<h4>ERIOGONUM UMBELLATUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Hula-cal</i>)</h4> -<p>An inhabitant of the arid California desert, it is a massive, -white-flowering shrub remarkable for the long duration of -its blooming period which lasts from early June till late -September. During this time the desert may be seen covered -with a vast mass of white blossoms comparable in its color -effect to the winter snowfields in northern latitudes.</p> -<p>To have the opportunity to see the manifold flowering -wonders of this great desert, in their sudden magical changes, -one must visit it during the period from early February till -late in the fall.</p> -<p>The time to see cactus in bloom is in February and March. -<span class="pb" id="Page_50">50</span> -The latter month ends the flowering season for this particular -plant. Again the desert becomes flowerless and gloomy -for at least two months and then good Mother Nature with -her magic wand once more transforms the desolate desert -into a brilliant garden of flowers and shrubs. There are the -Yucca Whipplei and the yucca palm, the Joshua palm and the -desert lilac, the desert poinsettias, marguerites, desert and -scrub pines. All a riot of color, but the <i>Eriogonum</i> survives -them all into September. What a wonderful array of color -greets the eye! As far as it can see it is fairly stunned by -these glowing tints and hues, from rich ultramarine to pale -yellow—red, lavender, purple, pink, light blue, to the purest -cream white. This blooming season ends in July, but alone -the <i>Eriogonum</i> keeps on blooming till September.</p> -<p>Then there is one short rest period for about one month -as if in preparation for a carpet of golden blooms.</p> -<p>Shrubs, bushes, and small trees which have been practically -dormant for ten months of the year burst out in golden vestments -to greet the approaching winter, and bid a last farewell -to Indian Summer.</p> -<p>Such is the aspect of the desert, at that time of the year. -And, strangest of all, of all the hundreds of species of trees, -bushes, and shrubs, all different from each other, not one -bears anything but yellow blossoms.</p> -<p>Let us turn back to where we began, to the especial value -of the plant to hunters and vacationists who make their yearly -visits to certain mountain and desert regions favored by them. -It will certainly do no harm to acquaint yourself with the -medicinal value of the <i>Eriogonum</i> since you have to depend -for your sustenance mostly on canned foods.</p> -<p>Occasions arise when users of such foods are made very ill, -even suffer death, through so-called ptomaine poisoning. To -obtain the service of a doctor is well-nigh an impossibility -and ptomaine poisoning is a fast-working, exceedingly dangerous -poison, where delay is fatal.</p> -<p>The plant <i>Eriogonum</i> grows nowadays in the coastal regions -as well as in the desert where it originally came from, -and the first thing to do when attacked by ptomaine poison -is to make a strong infusion from the blossoms of the <i>Eriogonum</i>, -or, if these are not available, use the roots, and take, -<span class="pb" id="Page_51">51</span> -or give to the poison victim, two brimful cups with a pinch -of salt added to each cup.</p> -<p>This remedy counteracts the poison and gives safe and -complete relief.</p> -<h3>Jewelry and talismans.</h3> -<h4>ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA -<br />(<i>Ind. Samat-hap-pac</i>)</h4> -<p>American Milk Weed. White botanists claim this plant to -be edible, but to my knowledge there is no botanical record -extant which bears out the assertion as to its ever having -been used as a food.</p> -<p>The Indians pressed out the milky juices and used the -extract obtained in the manufacture of their jewelry, most -of their precious stones being made into necklaces, earrings, -collars, wrist and upper arm bracelets, all mounted in this -milk-juice preparation of the <i>Asclepias syriaca</i>.</p> -<p>This kind of jewelry was worn by Indians of a higher civilization -as talismans, just as civilized people of today wear -similar ornamental articles with more or less superstitious -belief. We need only point to the so-called “charms” worn -by many to bring luck, ward off disaster or sickness—in fact, -for more reasons of a superstitious nature than the Indian -ever thought of.</p> -<p>A great deal in the way of royalties are due the Indian, -in return for the use of his art-craft, yet a few jewelry items -have been overlooked by Mr. Jeweler—items which, peradventure, -may bring him great wealth if properly ballyhooed.</p> -<p>Let us take, for instance, the case of the witch-doctor among -the Indians with his special ornamental necklace—the symbol -of his profession—a necklace denoting supernatural powers, -a crystal quartz for a nose-piece. The necklace is made of -eagle-, bear- and lion-claws, the poison fangs of rattlesnakes, -etc.</p> -<p>It must be understood, however, that the necklace mentioned -will not endow the wearer of it with any power whatsoever, -unless those various claws are extracted from the -<span class="pb" id="Page_52">52</span> -living animals which, no doubt, makes the manufacture of -such a necklace somewhat hazardous and dangerous.</p> -<p>As far as is known, no patent has been granted yet on -the process of getting these necklace ornaments in compliance -with the rules of “Charm-Craft.” So here is a fine chance -for some enterprising, courageous jeweler to strive for renown -and riches.</p> -<p>But, Mr. Jeweler, there must be no copying, no pilfering -of any sort. The rules must be obeyed in strict honesty. -The patent will then be found waiting.</p> -<h3>Hunting with poisoned arrows.</h3> -<h4>KALMIA LATIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Po-ha-not</i>)</h4> -<p>American California Mountain Laurel. It may be of interest -to sportsmen that this plant, growing in the high mountain -ranges, is as greatly relished by the deer as <i>Hosackia -glabra</i>. Deer in large numbers look for this shrubby tree -and this is the key to the white man’s puzzle why Indians -are such successful hunters. It is simply that the Indian lived -the life God intended him to, and, through close association -with animals in the wilderness, he became proficient in observing -their habits, imitating their calls and thus bringing -them within shooting distance of his bow and arrow. Here -the <i>Kalmia</i> played an important part. The hunter not only -used it as a body deodorizer, but also made use of the top -part of a deer skull with the skin and antlers left on, never -exposing more than these, when lying in ambush.</p> -<p>The <i>Kalmia</i> had other virtues, besides, in that it furnished -one of the ingredients to compound a poison in which to -dip arrowheads. A deer hit with an arrow had a slim chance -of getting away wounded. If it happened, it was only for -a short distance and then it would drop paralyzed from the -effect of the poisoned arrow. The meat was edible and harmless -and none was left over.</p> -<p>The grizzly bear was one of the most ferocious members -of the bear family in the Pacific Southwest. Although quite -<span class="pb" id="Page_53">53</span> -common and plentiful, this powerful animal was killed with -as much ease as the housewife of today kills a chicken.</p> -<p>When hunting this bear the Indians would select one which -had the best coat of hair. Two Indians would work together, -beginning with yelling, singing, and dancing around him to -such effect that he became very angry and charged one of the -hunters. With speed and precision the other one would run -up to the bear from behind and shoot his arrow straight into -the bear’s kidneys, thus in most cases rendering the bear -quite helpless; and try as hard as he might to turn on his -enemy, his efforts proved futile. Paralyzed in the hind legs -due to the arrow being imbedded in the kidneys handicapped -him so that he had to vent his rage in a sitting position. -The other Indian in front of him, thereupon would -shoot an arrow straight into his ear, ending it all in a few -seconds. The skin, when cured and tanned, was used for the -interior lining of tepees, bed covers, and ground mattresses. -However, the time came when bear hunting was abolished -by executive orders of our Indian chieftains, and this was -caused by the following:</p> -<p>At one time these Indian chiefs, while traversing their territory, -were attracted by gunfire. Driven by suspicion and -curiosity, they decided to investigate and went to where the -shooting was taking place. Great, indeed, was their surprise -when they came upon two white hunters battling with a -grizzly and it seemed that the bullets of the old-time muzzle-loading -gun didn’t prove up to expectations. There was -very little time to reload, so one of the hunters threw his -gun away and fled with the other partner in close pursuit, -the wounded bear right on their heels and in full command -of the situation.</p> -<p>The sight of this caused the chiefs great mirth and fun, -and from that day forth, it was made known to all the tribes -that the bear had some human understanding, had no use -for the white man and was the protector of the Indians’ -domain. The act witnessed by the chiefs that day made the -bear a regular member and scout of honor of all tribes facing -a possible invasion of their virgin country.</p> -<p>In spite of all this, however, the white man resorted to -the use of traps and poisoned bait to exterminate the Indians’ -<span class="pb" id="Page_54">54</span> -friend. But, advised by some intelligent instinct this -animal had, the bear decided suddenly to leave, and drifted -away into Mexico and to northern latitudes.</p> -<p>Even to this day, the bear is considered a great friend -by the Indians and when one is killed or dies of natural -causes, much reverence and respect is paid him by the older -people who, in their minds, are still living in earlier days, -now gone by.</p> -<h3>Care of the eyes.</h3> -<h4>SALVIA COLUMBRIAE -<br />(<i>Ind. Pa-sal</i>)</h4> -<p>This plant belongs to the food division but plays another -important rôle, considering what it means to a person to be -relieved of the excruciating pain caused by the introduction -of a foreign substance into the eye, thus producing a temporary -obstruction of the vision. Many Indians, after a hard -day’s hunting or riding through severe sandstorms, had this -experience, and consequently, they never neglected to give -their eyes proper care.</p> -<p>When time to retire, the Indian would put at least a couple -of seeds of the <i>Salvia columbriae</i> under the eyelids, and, with -eyes shut tight to keep the seed from dropping out, he -would fall asleep. As they swelled, they would move about -with every movement of the eyeball and emit a gelatinous -substance which gathered up every particle of sand or any -other substance present, and, when removed, left the eye clear -and free of any possible inflammation. This is a good example -of the care the Indian gave his eyes and accounts for -his good and strong vision.</p> -<p>An inhabitant of the arid lands, it grows prolifically in -places where in earlier days the Indians made their homes, -and very often the ancient dwellings which our people used -will be found covered with large beds of <i>Salvia columbriae</i>, -with their beautiful blossoms of purple and lavender.</p> -<p>These colors were to the Indians a mournful reminder -<span class="pb" id="Page_55">55</span> -of their departed ones, in their lifelong struggle and search -for food, so mightily important to sustain life. Regarding -the use of the <i>Columbriae</i> for this purpose, the method used -was very simple.</p> -<p>It was cut and bundled by the male members of the family, -brought in and heaped up on a large cleared space of -ground, formed into a circle and then trodden down as hard -as a cement floor. This was done with water and the bare -feet and threshing with long sticks. By thus beating the heap -of <i>Columbriae</i>, they released the seeds which were then -winnowed by being blown before a wind current made with -the aid of two baskets. After this, they were carried to the -grinding stones to be ground into a fine meal which made -excellent porridge—a very popular dish among Indians.</p> -<h3>Foods, medicine, tanning and dyes.</h3> -<h4>QUERCUS VIRGINIANA -<br />(<i>Ind. Qui-neel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Live Oak. This evergreen tree of the western -mountain ranges is the most imposing of all the species of -the oak family. It grows to an immense size and attains a -great height. Some of these giants of the forest cover and -shade an area large enough to afford protection to as many -as three hundred adult persons.</p> -<p>A great deal has been written in song and poetry in praise -of the stately oak but the Indians found out by experience -that the acorns it bore were far more nutritious than poetry, -and before long the noble tree was adopted as a regular -member of the tribes—a bountiful provider of food.</p> -<p>Even so, the oak was by them much honored in war and -love songs, for the many good things it furnished them besides -food. The fallen leaves made warm mattress-bedding -while the bark played a part in medicine and also in the -tanning and dyeing of buckskin in various fast colors by -blending with the bark of other oaks and roots. Let it be understood -that these dyes thus produced were of a firm, non-fading -nature and also excellent preservers of buckskin.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_56">56</div> -<p>The colors produced were very beautiful and ranged from -pure white to yellow, red, light and dark brown, light pink, -gray and black.</p> -<p>Regarding the acorns, special care was given to the harvested -crop and the process was simple. The acorns were put -into fine, hand-woven net bags and tied with a rawhide rope -to a tree close to the river bank whereupon the bags were -placed in the stream. The running water would cause the -acorn shell to swell and split open, thus releasing into the -water most of the tannic acid which the acorns contained. -After being left in the water for a week or so, they were -taken out, the hulls removed and spread out to dry. Afterwards -they were ground into a fine meal, sun-dried again, -and then put away for winter use.</p> -<p>The porridge made of it jells like custard and, when well -cooked, has the color of chocolate pie. It can be cut into -squares and served with deer meat or eaten as a dessert with -cream and sugar. Besides being very delicious and nourishing -it is also a great flesh builder.</p> -<p>As a warning, let it be said, never to eat any acorns picked -fresh from the tree, because of the tannic acid they contain; -in that state they may cause severe constriction of the bowels -and the glands of the throat.</p> -<h3>Bleeding navel.</h3> -<h4>TYPHA LATIFOLIA and QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Co-o-tem</i>)<span class="hst"> (<i>Ind. Qui-neel</i>)</span></h4> -<p>American Cat-tail is an aquatic grass inhabiting shallow, -stagnant lakes and swamps and is very common on the Pacific -coast of California. <i>Tule</i> is perhaps the name by which the -plant is best known, although the other is also very common. -This valuable grass has failed to find a place among the scientists -of the world, as <i>Tule</i> is a purely Indian name, and is far -from being identical with those so far being classified by -botanical science. But <i>Tule</i> is medicinal and has healing -properties which were made use of by the Indians to heal -bleeding navels. Nothing could be better.</p> -<p>The blades of the grass were gathered and burned to the -<span class="pb" id="Page_57">57</span> -consistency of charcoal, then finely powdered and sprinkled -on the bleeding parts.</p> -<p>When this couldn’t be obtained, the Indians further inland -had recourse to the apples growing on the Scrub-Oak or -<i>Quercus agrifolia</i>, and these were, of course, dried and powdered, -and medicated with balsam oil. The salve proved to be -very effective in healing the afflicted parts. In short, the -results were first-class and saved the lives of many little -Indian babies.</p> -<h3>Indian food.</h3> -<h4>PROSOPIS JULIFLORA -<br />(<i>Ind. Pe-che-te</i>)</h4> -<p>Mesquite Bean. An inhabitant of the southwestern deserts, -it ranges as far as the northwestern and southwestern central -parts of Mexico. A native of southeastern California, Arizona, -New Mexico, and Texas, the <i>Juliflora</i> was perhaps -one of the trees which provided the greater part of food for -the natives.</p> -<p>Its contents were very rich in protein and even wild animals -relished it greatly. To obtain the yearly supply, the -Indians made a regular pilgrimage early in the season to -localities where the <i>Juliflora</i> grew in abundance, and stood -guard over the trees for many weeks until the bean pods -were fully matured. Then they were harvested and ground -in rock mortars to the fineness of flour, such as is used in the -baking of cakes, tarts, etc.</p> -<p>It could also be mixed to the consistency of porridge, -either with hot or cold water and taken with sun-dried venison. -It formed a very nourishing diet. Sugar was never added -to it.</p> -<p>The bean pods of the <i>Juliflora</i> are extremely sweet, and -may be eaten right off the tree if dry enough. In any other -condition they are unpalatable.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_58">58</div> -<h4>PTERIS AQUILINA -<br />(<i>Ind. Wel-met</i>)</h4> -<p>American Bracken Fern. This graceful and stately fern of -great beauty of leaf design inhabits the high mountain -ranges where there are well-shaded forest lands rich in mulch. -This fern is well-known to every Indian for the sad historical -part it played in the life of our fair and beloved sister -Ramona, the daughter of Ca-we and wife of Alessandro, the -immortal Indian who suffered death without a moment’s -warning at the hands of a brute and coward.</p> -<p>The authoress of <i>Ramona</i>, Helen Hunt Jackson, mentions -in her book what good use of this fern Alessandro made -in preparing Ramona’s bed at the time of their elopement -and tells of the hardships both young lovers underwent.</p> -<p>The young sprouting shoots of the <i>Pteris aquilina</i> fern -mean as much to the Indians as asparagus does to white -people, as it contains much oil which is extremely rich in -flavor when the shoots are properly cut and cooked.</p> -<p>There are ferns in song, ferns in poetry, ferns where wedding -bells ring, ferns on the altars of churches and ferns -in God’s acre. Also in gardens, but nature’s garden is where -the Indian wants them!</p> -<h3>Food and bleaching.</h3> -<h4>YUCCA WHIPPLEI -<br />(<i>Ind. Yu-ca</i>)</h4> -<p>American Spanish Bayonet. The name yucca is the true -native Indian name of this exquisite plant, but even Mr. -Whipple, the botanist, failed, like many others, to properly -describe the beauty of the yucca.</p> -<p>During the months of May and June when the plant is -in full bloom it is nothing strange, when venturing into the -desert mountains, to find oneself in a veritable forest of -countless thousands of yuccas. With its erect stalk, attaining -a height of from four to twelve feet, heavily and massively -crowned with creamy white blossoms, the yucca closely resembles -<span class="pb" id="Page_59">59</span> -a gigantic hyacinth of the California desert and mountains, -and its delicious fragrance outrivals many of the costliest -perfumes.</p> -<p>The use of the yucca was of much importance, some of -the stalks were cut just at the time the plant was in full -bloom, the flowers are edible, the stalk rich in sugar which -produces a fine quality of syrup, obtained by first roasting the -stalks in underground pits.</p> -<p>Other stalks were allowed to mature, their pods yielding -the finest material for bleaching buckskin fiber a pure white. -Also used very much in the art of basketry, etc.</p> -<h3>Rheumatism.</h3> -<h4>URTICA HOLOSERICEA -<br />(<i>Ind. Panga-tum</i>)</h4> -<p>American Stinging Nettle. An inhabitant of the swamps -and river beds. This plant was used in most cases of inflammatory -rheumatism of the most peculiar kind known to mankind, -particularly when the lower limbs were affected to -such an extent that they became numb, cold and useless. -The cure was very simple if your limbs were in a bad state, -but rather unpleasant if in a sound condition.</p> -<p>The nettle was cut and brought to the Indian patient’s -bedside, where the leaves were rubbed on all his ailing parts. -This was repeated for several days until warmth in the affected -parts and a proper circulation of the blood was attained. -When the patient was able to get up and walk, a -second treatment of a different nature was administered, the -so-called Rock Steam-Bath of a herb compound made up of -the following three plants:</p> -<h4>PHLOX SUBULATA -<br />(<i>Ind. E-wa-yack</i>)</h4> -<p>American Moss Pink. An inhabitant of the Mojave Desert.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_60">60</div> -<h4>PINUS MONTICOLA -<br />(<i>Ind. Wa-ta</i>)</h4> -<p>American Scrub Pine. An inhabitant of the northern slopes -of our California Mother coast range, and in a few localities -on the desert floor.</p> -<h4>ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Ta-wal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Southern Maidenhair Fern. Inhabits the high -coastal ranges, but further north it will be found on the -lower coastal ranges.</p> -<h3>Menstrual period.</h3> -<h4>LIPPIA LANCEOLATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Te-eel-p-yack</i>)</h4> -<p>Lemon Verbena. Spanish <i>Cedron</i>. This shrubby tree has -become nearly extinct and but few specimens are found now -and then. The infusion made from its leaves and blossoms -is very aromatic, somewhat like peppermint.</p> -<h4>CRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENIUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Che-ke-wat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Feverfew, Spanish <i>Artemisa</i>. This plant was -used for the same medicinal purpose as the one mentioned -above.</p> -<h3>Diseased throat glands, scrofula.</h3> -<h4>NICOTIANA GLAUCA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tee-baat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Tobacco Tree. This tree, very common along -<span class="pb" id="Page_61">61</span> -the Pacific coast, grows from Santa Barbara southward to the -end of Lower California, and the Mexican peninsula. The -tree grows in terraced gorges and ravines and is rarely to be -found anywhere else.</p> -<p>The leaves were steamed and applied externally as a poultice -over the swollen parts of the throat caused by inflammation -of the throat glands, and also for scrofula. While the -latter malady didn’t exist among the Indians, yet they treated -and cured some of the whites who had it, with <i>Nicotiana -glauca</i>.</p> -<p>It was also steamed into the body of those suffering from -rheumatism and proved there also its value to many human -beings.</p> -<p>I have once before spoken of other plants useful for the -same purpose, but as this plant has something to recommend -it for the last-named ailment, it is appropriate to mention -it again in connection with scrofula and inflammation of -the throat glands.</p> -<p>To the plant serving all these cases equally well, we must -give credit where credit is due, even at the cost of repetition, -in order to give the reader a fair understanding of the various -diseases a plant may be good for.</p> -<p>Surely a wonderful provision made by nature!</p> -<h3>Fishing.</h3> -<h4>CROTON SETIGERUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Tu-tal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Dove Weed. The beautiful dwarf plant is very -common throughout the coastal region and far into the inland -valleys. It appears about July in most barley fields after -the harvest. It is truly a paradise for wild turtledoves, and -the hunter who goes into a place where the <i>Croton setigerus</i> -grows may be sure of bagging a good number of doves in a -short time.</p> -<p>The Indians gathered the plant for use in their fishing -operations, and some of it was stored away for winter use. -The weed has a strongly intoxicating effect on fish.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_62">62</div> -<p>A place was selected along the stream bed in a rather shallow -spot and dammed across.</p> -<p>After this, a regular mat, formed of <i>Setigerus</i>, was laid on -the surface of the water, while a large number of Indians -went upstream to herd the schools of fish downstream and -into the trap. Quite a simple procedure, as the herding was -done by merely beating the water ahead of them. A barricade -built of brushwood behind them prevented the fish from -going upstream. The water in the pond having become impregnated -with the <i>Setigerus</i> affected the fish so that they -soon floated helplessly on the surface of the water where the -Indians just picked them out by hand. When a sufficient supply -had been taken, the <i>Croton setigerus</i> was removed and -piled up on the bank of the stream to dry and be used again. -The dam and barricade were also done away with and the -uncaught fish were allowed to get into fresh water to recuperate.</p> -<h3>Tonic for loss of appetite.</h3> -<h4>MONTIA PERFOLIATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Lah-chu-meek</i>)</h4> -<p>American Miner’s Lettuce. This plant inhabits the coastal -regions where it thrives only in deep, decomposed beds of -oak-tree mulch at suitable points in the shady woodlands, -where the circulation of water is present under a deposit of -mulch.</p> -<p>The juice of the plant is an excellent appetite-restorer.</p> -<h4>ALLIUM BISCEPTRUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Ye-sil-ta-usa</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Onion. It is an inhabitant of the lower -mid-coast ranges, and the extract obtained from it is compounded -with the powdered berries of <i>Rhus trilobata</i>.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_63">63</div> -<h4>RHUS TRILOBATA -<br />(<i>Ind. Sa-lat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Squaw-weed. An inhabitant of Southern California’s -higher ranges, it makes an excellent restorative for an -inactive stomach which refuses food. The Indians also obtained -the fiber from the vines of the shrub by stripping it -off with the thumbnail and using it for basket making.</p> -<h3>For poisonous insect-bites.</h3> -<h4>ALLIUM CANADENSE or ALLIUM VINEALE -<br />(<i>Ind. Ye-sil-we-na</i>)</h4> -<p>American Wild Field Garlic. A plant held in great esteem -by the Indians, protecting them, when hunting or exploring, -from poisonous snakes, lizards, scorpions, tarantulas and insects -during the summer season.</p> -<p>It was the custom of the Indians then to discard their -buckskin clothes and roam around with as little covering as -possible until the fall of the year, when they donned their -heavier clothing again for the approaching cold weather. -Now, it is well-known how disagreeable the odor of garlic -is to most human beings, but they don’t know that it is -likewise so to reptiles and insects. The Indians, however, -knew this, although they never ate it. They used it only as -medicine when needed, but its greatest usefulness was to -guard against being bitten by poisonous vermin.</p> -<p>The Indians ground the wild garlic into a pulp and then -rubbed it well over their legs up to the thighs, making extra -sure that the skin was thoroughly saturated with the garlic -juice and thus protected. The Indian would enter any locality -to do his hunting, even if it was infested with thousands -of rattlesnakes, without the slightest fear or worry. -The reason is very simple. Whenever the snake or insect -<span class="pb" id="Page_64">64</span> -comes within smelling distance of the garlic, it is so much -affected by it as to become well-nigh asphyxiated and is rendered -helpless.</p> -<p>The white man, in order to follow fashion, wears leggings, -but I am sure that he could use the formula I have given, -very much to his advantage. I give this formula freely to -mankind, a formula which has remained a secret for over a -century and it will mean the saving of many lives if used -as described above.</p> -<h3>Antidote.</h3> -<h4>BERTHOLLETIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Pacah-quit</i>)</h4> -<p>American Arrow-wood. It is an inhabitant of the California -River border lands within the Pacific coastal belt, and is occasionally -also found on the southern border of the western -desert lying in the northern part of the Pacific coast.</p> -<p>There has been much discussion in the past, and many -arguments, many flatly declaring that the arrowwood was -used by the Indians for making bows and arrow stocks.</p> -<p>Being an Indian, that and nothing else, let me explain -the matter clearly as to this particular controversy. The -young shoots of the <i>Bertholletia</i> were selected from the parent -stock, well-seasoned and then used for arrow stocks on -which small arrow points were fitted for the young Indian -children to practice and hunt with. It was never used for -bows, however. For the making of fire through friction, it -was very useful and yet, this alone would not give an adequate -account of the value of arrowwood shrub. This is left -to the decoction made from it, to counteract the poison in -wounds inflicted by arrowheads in battle engagements, and -therein lies its principal claim to the consideration shown -it by the Indians.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_65">65</div> -<h3>Sedative.</h3> -<h4>PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA -<br />(<i>Ind. Che-ne-va-ica-cal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Ink Berry. This shrub, a common inhabitant of -California’s coastal regions, has been placed by the white -writer in the division of poisonous plants, and we agree with -him. So the only credit given the plant is chiefly for the remarkable -beauty it displays with its starlike flowers and -racemes of dark-blue berries. Yet it has been condemned -under the label of poison, and much is being done toward -its destruction wherever found. However, it is a fruitless -task, and may only become a near-success when the Indians -and the birds shall be known as two signs of life vanished -from the face of the earth. For these two are responsible for -the preservation and propagation of the shrub.</p> -<p>Morphine, opium, and cocaine are by far deadlier poisons -than <i>Phytolacca</i>—why, then, do doctors prescribe them to -soothe and ease pain, etc.? The root of the plant has some -medicinal qualities to ease severe neuralgic pains, and is -deemed very efficient and important in Indian medical formulas. -For making dyes and inks the berries are excellent, -whereas the leaves are most useful in the treatment of skin -diseases, and to eradicate and clean the epidermis of pimples -and blackheads.</p> -<p>Therefore, help to conserve and not destroy this really -valuable plant.</p> -<h3>Diseases of the liver.</h3> -<h4>RORIPPA NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE -<br />(<i>Ind. Pang-sa-mat</i>)</h4> -<p>American Water Cress. It is an inhabitant of the coastal -regions, swamps and rivers. This aquatic plant is more deserving -of attention than has been given it, and is fully -worthy of the name it bears, <i>Officinale</i>, which means all that -<span class="pb" id="Page_66">66</span> -the word implies. The Indians, having discovered the medicinal -qualities of this plant, immediately gave it a place in their -medical and food division and, up to the present year of -our Lord, the plant has been used in the treatment of disorders -of the liver—cases such as torpid liver, cirrhosis of the -liver and as a dissolvent of gallstones, etc.</p> -<p>When these diseases are curable, the diet is simple—with -no restrictions and no red tape to plague the patient. The -first meal taken in the morning must consist of <i>Nasturtium -officinale</i>, salted very sparingly, and of this the patient -should eat as much as possible and do without further food -until noon, when he may eat whatever he likes. This method -must be repeated every morning. Care must be taken not to -use liquor if one wishes to insure quick recovery.</p> -<p>When the liver is ulcerated it takes at least two months to -heal properly, but all other cases are of short duration.</p> -<h3>Reducing teas.</h3> -<h4>LEPIDIUM EPETALUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Chesa-mok-ka-mok</i>)</h4> -<p>American Pepper Grass.</p> -<h4>SALINIA -<br />(<i>Ind. Cheena-wah</i>)</h4> -<p>American Salt Grass.</p> -<h4>PANICUM CAPILLARE -<br />(<i>Ind. Ne-wa-cha-mo</i>)</h4> -<p>American Witch Grass. The first two are fond of rich, agricultural -soils, whereas the latter prefers alkaline lands. All -three have been declared noxious weeds and are listed as -<span class="pb" id="Page_67">67</span> -such by the Department of Agriculture, although the Indians -found some use for these grasses.</p> -<p>There were times when some of our men and women became -over-fat; in fact, so fat that they had great difficulty in -traveling, the exertion making them complain of heart trouble -which in reality was nothing but a discomfort due -to short respiration caused by excessive fatness. Accordingly, -something had to be done. A search was made, and experiments -with good results finally obtained. These grasses compounded -with the bark of sassafras, wall-wort and others -(also named for extermination, just like the three above-named -plants) are excellent for reducing purposes.</p> -<p>The chief trouble in our schools where botany is taught -seems to be that too much attention is given to the <i>appearance</i> -of plants, instead of to their medicinal value and other -useful properties.</p> -<h3>Birth control.</h3> -<h4>IVA AXILLARIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Na-wish-mal</i>)</h4> -<p>American Poverty-Weed. This hardy plant predominates -on most of the salty marshes and lake shores. It is hardly -worth destroying as it mostly grows in soils totally unfit for -agriculture, or anything else, for that matter.</p> -<p>Let me mention, however, that there is quite a history -connected with the earliest beginning of the Indian’s life -in connection with this plant. No doubt it will be of interest -to the readers of this book to learn that the plant played -an important part in what is today assumed to be a modern -institution—birth-control.</p> -<p>The Indians knew and practiced it from the earliest times, -but only in cases when women proved themselves incapable, -even when at their best, to give birth to healthy children.</p> -<p>In such cases they were compelled to make use of this plant -as a preventative and this should explain the Indian’s wonderful -stamina, his sturdiness and perfect physique. Moreover, -<span class="pb" id="Page_68">68</span> -the great chiefs prohibited the raising of deformed -children, as ordinarily they considered this a great sin.</p> -<p>In later years the secret was let out by some Indian women, -and thus it found its way among the Spanish and American -settlers, when many cases of abortion were due to the use of -this herb—a universal practice of modern civilization with -its accompanying evils of genocide and other evils of a criminal -nature.</p> -<h3>Kidney diseases.</h3> -<h4>CROTON CORYMBOSUS -<br />(<i>Ind. O-chot-pa-wish</i>)</h4> -<p>Spurge. Its habitat is in the southern Mojave sand dunes. -This beautiful shrub, like many of the other desert plants, -seems to select the worst of soils to grow in, and is often to -be found in crevices of mineralized dykes of crystalline rocks. -The infusion made from the plant cured kidney infections.</p> -<h4>EPHEDRA -<br />(<i>Ind. Tut-tut</i>)</h4> -<p>The Tea of the Indian is found in the swamplands of the -coastal regions. The infusion made from the leaves and blossoms -was taken internally for pleurisy of the kidneys.</p> -<p>An infusion made separately from the roots was also used -internally to relieve severe cases of gonorrhea and painful -bloating of the stomach. This remedy is very effective and -highly esteemed by the Indians as one of the royal plants -for the cure of these dangerous ailments, which take the -lives of so many of the white race.</p> -<h4>APIUM -<br />(<i>Ind. Se-ma-mek</i>)</h4> -<p>American Parsley. Its habitat is the swamps and coastal -regions. The infusion made from this plant was taken regularly -<span class="pb" id="Page_69">69</span> -and in preference to water or any other beverage for -chronic diseases of the kidneys.</p> -<p>The tea is very rich in flavor and pleasant to the taste. The -patient should partake of as much as one half gallon per -day and also eat an equal amount of it. The plant having -been domesticated it is no trouble to get it anywhere. Even -butcher shops and vegetable dealers sell it.</p> -<h4>XANTHIUM CANADENSE -<br />(<i>Ind. Cho-co-late</i>)</h4> -<p>American Cocklebur. It grows everywhere in California, -being found in every swamp and pasture land—a veritable -nuisance to the cattle raiser.</p> -<p>From the medical standpoint, however, the plant is very -valuable to the members of both sexes who are suffering -from diseased kidneys complicated with gonorrhea, diseases -which, when allowed to take their own course, will in due -time develop into tuberculosis, rheumatism, and finally total -paralysis of both the upper and lower limbs, as has happened -in such cases.</p> -<p>The introduction of these maladies occurred with the advent -of the white race into our territory and this caused the -Indians to go into further botanical research to find the -proper plants to combat and conquer these dreadful diseases. -I introduce the world in general to two other sister -plants, and also three belonging to a different group.</p> -<h4>CENTAUREA MELITENSIS -<br />(<i>Ind. Se-sa-naa</i>)</h4> -<p>American Star Thistle.</p> -<h4>XANTHIUM SPINOSUM -<br />(<i>Ind. O-yu-mo-val</i>)</h4> -<p>American Spiny Cocklebur.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_70">70</div> -<h4>MALVACEA RUBRA -<br />(<i>Ind. E-ya-wa-manka</i>)</h4> -<p>American Creeping Rock Mallow. Spanish <i>Yerba Mora -Real</i>.</p> -<h3>Venereal diseases.</h3> -<h4>CERCOCARPUS BETULAEFOLIUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Man-geet</i>)</h4> -<p>American Mahogany Shrub. Its habitat is in the California -hills and mountains, and it is quite common. The -bark and roots were made into an infusion and taken by -the Indians for venereal diseases or gonorrhea gleet.</p> -<h4>CENTUNCULUS -<br />(<i>Ind. Pepe-nel</i>)</h4> -<p>American Pimpernel. Its habitat is on the northern slopes -of the highest mountain peaks of California, at an elevation -of from eight to ten thousand feet above sea level. This wonder -plant is made into a tea and taken in acute cases of -gonorrhea, where the bladder and urinal tract fail to function.</p> -<h4>EDIBLE FRUITS OF SHRUBS</h4> -<p>The plants listed here are common in our California -mountains:</p> -<table class="center" summary=""> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Arctostaphylos</i> </td><td class="l">Manzanita Berry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Sambucus pubens</i> </td><td class="l">Elderberry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Ribes glutinosum</i> </td><td class="l">Wild Currant</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Ribes amarum</i> </td><td class="l">Gooseberry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Prunus serotina</i> </td><td class="l">Wild Black Cherry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Prunus ilicifolia</i> </td><td class="l">Hollyleaf Cherry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Heteromeles arbutifolia</i> </td><td class="l">California Holly Berry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Vitis vulpina</i> </td><td class="l">Wild Grape</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Rubus villosus</i> </td><td class="l">Wild Raspberry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Rhus trilobata</i> </td><td class="l">Squaw Bush Berry</td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"><i>Rhus integrifolia</i> </td><td class="l">Lemonade Berry</td></tr> -</table> -<div class="pb" id="Page_71">71</div> -<p>These berries should be eaten sparingly, as the acidity -contained in them is much stronger than that of citric acid. -Their chief use is to quench the thirst, where water is scarce -in the mountains, either when hunting or hiking, or engaged -in fighting forest fires. For this purpose the berries -above will be found excellent and a veritable boon. Everyone -traveling in desert or mountains should make himself -familiar with the plants and fruits growing therein, as this -knowledge not only permits him to guard against possible -discomfort or hardship, but has also been the means of saving -life. The Indians knew that better than anyone else.</p> -<p>No doubt, the following literary effort in the English language -by Chief Pablo will set the risibilities of my readers -to working. Als, the Chief, never had the benefit of a school -education, and English wasn’t easy for him to acquire. However, -he was game, and in 1908, when he was appointed Chief -of the Indian Reservation, he bravely set to work and wrote -this article.</p> -<p>He was sixty-four years old then. Nothing would do but -he must have a typewriter. Right manfully he tackled it, but -when he had finished he heaved a tremendous sigh and declared -he’d rather go on the warpath than pound a typewriter -again.</p> -<p>But he surely deserves great credit and his record as Chief -of the Indian Police was a brilliant one.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_72">72</div> -<h2 id="c4"><span class="h2line1">The Legend of Console Mineral Springs near Homuba Canyon</span></h2> -<p>The canyon has been known as Homuba among the Indians -for many years. And on that canyon there are three mineral -springs. They are located near Loma Linda. It is southeast -from Loma Linda, way up in the canyon, a distance of three -miles.</p> -<p>Professor J. Console, an Indian friend, is the owner of the -mineral springs nowadays. In the early days the Indians called -the springs <i>Phal-poole</i>, <i>Phal-quapekalet</i>, <i>Hickescah-heppasca</i>, -which means Witch Springs, Life Springs, Sisters and Brother -Springs.</p> -<p>Those three springs were discovered in this way. There -were Indian settlements all over that country, near the springs -and around the springs. One day three Indian children, two -sisters and one brother, went up the canyon and disappeared -in those springs. The father and mother and other relatives -of the missing children followed the tracks of the children -until they came to the springs. After having tried everything -to find them, the father and mother and the relatives in their -sorrow went to the witch-doctors to see if they could help -them find the children. Then one witch-doctor said:</p> -<p>“Come with me and I will show you where your children -are and how they disappeared in those springs. You may not -see them but you will hear them, and you will have to be -satisfied.”</p> -<p>So the children’s family went there and the witch-doctor -stopped at the center spring and said:</p> -<p>“Listen to the Great Father who is above us, the Creator -of the world. He has taken your boy and put him in this -<span class="pb" id="Page_73">73</span> -spring, so that this spring will bring health to you and to -others.”</p> -<p>Then the witch-doctor walked up to the spring and spoke:</p> -<p>“Brother, your father and mother and all the relatives are -here, and they would like to hear from you.”</p> -<p>Then a voice arose from the spring and said:</p> -<p>“I am here with my two sisters. We were placed here by -our Lord, the Creator of the world. He has given me the -power to bring new life to those who are sick. You may -come and visit me and my sisters whenever you wish. My -elder sister is in the spring on the east side of me, and my -younger sister in the spring on the west side of me. But we -are all three in this one place, and if you will live together -and honor the great Lord, when you are sick if you will use -these life springs, we will help you get back your health. -These springs shall be known as the ‘Two Sisters and Brother -Life Springs.’”</p> -<p>And all the people listened. Therefore the Indians went -up there and held a great ceremony, and from then on they -used the springs for medical purposes.</p> -<p>Then the Catholic missionaries came to this country and -established the missions. They took the Indian children by -force and made them Catholics. And these Christians also -went up to the springs and used them for many years.</p> -<p>Later on the United States Government came to this country -and took these lands and gave the Indians reservations -for their use. And the Indians had to leave the springs, which -originally belonged to them.</p> -<p>When the mission was first built at San Gabriel the priest -asked an Indian:</p> -<p>“Why do you Indians take your children, when they are -sick, to those springs, instead of taking them to a doctor?”</p> -<p>And the Indian answered:</p> -<p>“Father, the springs at Homuba Canyon can cure any sickness. -That is why we take our children there when they are -sick, and they are healed. Our ancestors used those springs -and became healed.”</p> -<p>Then the priest went up to the springs to examine the -water, and he took some of the water and made the Indian -carry it to the chapel, and he blessed the water, and held -<span class="pb" id="Page_74">74</span> -Mass with it, and used it to cure the sick. And, finally, the -priest moved the mission from San Gabriel to San Bernardino. -Old San Bernardino is now known as Redlands. -The mission was established there. It is about three miles -from the springs. And from there the priest used to send the -Indians to bring the waters to the mission, using it as medicine. -And he cured many sick Indians.</p> -<p>Now there were two Indian villages nearby, and they -fought over the possession of those springs. They went on -the warpath over the Two Sisters and Brother Life Springs. -So the mission went away and settled elsewhere, and the -priest also went away.</p> -<p>Then our white neighbors came, as I said, and drove the -Indians from our sacred springs. That is why the Indians -are dying out in Southern California, because we must live -on worthless lands far away from those springs.</p> -<p>Our white neighbors may think we Indians have no religion, -but that is not so. We do believe in God who is the -Creator of the world, and of the firmament, of Indians as -well as white people.... Therefore we are brothers in -God, as we are created by God.</p> -<p>I often hear white people say they are Americans in America, -and we are Indians. I say we are the native sons of America. -We are good to our country and to our white neighbors, -and do not trouble them. When the missions first came to -this country the Indians were numerous and the country well -inhabited by the Indians. Then the Indians did not know -that the country was going to be filled with intoxicating -liquor. If they had known that, they would never have allowed -the missionaries to establish any missions in this country. -For a great number of Indians died of intoxicating -liquor.</p> -<p>However, the United States Government made a law prohibiting -the sale of intoxicating liquor to the American -Indians. But by that time it was too late. The American Indians -are nearly all gone. But maybe a few will be saved.</p> -<p>It was in 1908 that special officers suppressed the liquor -traffic among the mission Indians in Southern California. -The chief of these special officers came to me and asked:</p> -<p>“Why is it that you are always fighting the whites?”</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_75">75</div> -<p>“Because they are all liars, thieves, and whisky peddlers,” -I answered.</p> -<p>He looked at me and said:</p> -<p>“Am I a liar and a whisky peddler?”</p> -<p>“No,” I answered. “You do not look like one. I think you -are on the square.”</p> -<p>So he said to me:</p> -<p>“I want you to work with me on the same job.”</p> -<p>“What job do you mean?” said I.</p> -<p>“To suppress the liquor traffic among the mission Indians,” -he said.</p> -<p>So I was deputized as Special Officer since then, and I became -Chief of Police in the Indian Service for nine Indian -reservations under the United States Government, to protect -the Indians, to make transactions for the Indians, and to -help them become sober, improve their morals, and become -civilized. In 1847 if the United States Government had sent -us a man like Mr. C. T. Coggeshall, who is the superintendent -of the nine Indian reservations, the Indians would never -have lost the Two Sisters and Brother Life Springs. Mr. Coggeshall -is a man with large experience and he has done a -lot of good for the Indians under his jurisdiction.</p> -<p>However, I am glad that Mr. John Console owns the -springs, because he is a friend of the Indians. He helps the -Indians with those springs. The springs cure light sickness, -but for serious sickness we have to use herbs.</p> -<p><span class="lr"><span class="sc">Chief William Als Pablo</span></span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_77">77</div> -<h2 id="c5"><span class="h2line1">Index of Herb Application:</span></h2> -<p class="center"><a class="ab" href="#index_A">A</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_B">B</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_C">C</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_D">D</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_E">E</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_F">F</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_G">G</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_H">H</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_I">I</a> <span class="ab">J</span> <a class="ab" href="#index_K">K</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_L">L</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_M">M</a> <span class="ab">N</span> <a class="ab" href="#index_O">O</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_P">P</a> <span class="ab">Q</span> <a class="ab" href="#index_R">R</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_S">S</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_T">T</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_U">U</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_V">V</a> <a class="ab" href="#index_W">W</a> <span class="ab">X</span> <span class="ab">Y</span> <span class="ab">Z</span></p> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_A">A</dt> -<dt>Aids to Living:</dt> -<dd>Basket-making, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dd> -<dd>Compass, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dd> -<dd>Deodorizer, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></dd> -<dd>Disinfectant, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dd> -<dd>Fire-making, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dd> -<dd>Fishing, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></dd> -<dd>Horse-racing, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></dd> -<dd>Hunting, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></dd> -<dd>Insect repellant, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dd> -<dd>Jewelry-making, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></dd> -<dd>Lightning-repellant, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></dd> -<dd>Revitalization, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></dd> -<dd>Sunstroke preventive, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dd> -<dd>Talismans, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></dd> -<dd>Thirst-quenchers, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dd> -<dd>Toy arrows, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dd> -<dd>Travel, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dd> -<dd>Weather forecasting, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dd> -<dt>Anemia, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dt> -<dt>Appetite, Loss of, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dt> -<dt>Arteries, Hardening of, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt>Asthma, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_B">B</dt> -<dt>Birth control, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></dt> -<dt>Bleeding:</dt> -<dd>After-birth, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dd> -<dd>Navel, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dd> -<dd>Wounds, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dd> -<dt>Blood poisoning, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Blood diseases, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt>Bronchitis, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt>Burns, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_C">C</dt> -<dt>Catarrh, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt>Chills and fever, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></dt> -<dt>Cirrhosis of the liver, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Colds, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt>Colic, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt>Constipation, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt>Coughs, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt>Coughs, Chronic, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt>Cuts, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_D">D</dt> -<dt>Dandruff, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -<dt>Diarrhea, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt>Dysentery, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_E">E</dt> -<dt>Eyes, Care of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_F">F</dt> -<dt>Fever, eruptive, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></dt> -<dt>Fever with headache, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></dt> -<dt>Fistulas, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -<dt>Foot infections, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt>Fractures, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_G">G</dt> -<dt>Gallstones, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Gangrene, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>General medication, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dt> -<dt>Gonorrhea, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Grippe, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_H">H</dt> -<dt>Hair, Care of:</dt> -<dd>Color restorative and preserver, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dd> -<dd>Dandruff, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dd> -<dd>Shampoo, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dd> -<dd>Tonic, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></dd> -<dt>Household needs:</dt> -<dd>Bleaching, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></dd> -<dd>Cleaning (soaps), <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dd> -<dt class="pb" id="Page_78">78</dt> -<dd>Dyeing, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dd> -<dd>Food, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dd> -<dd>Ink, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dd> -<dd>Mattresses, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></dd> -<dd>Stain removal, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></dd> -<dd>Tanning, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dd> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_I">I</dt> -<dt>Inoculation, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dt> -<dt>Insomnia, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_K">K</dt> -<dt>Kidney diseases, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_L">L</dt> -<dt>Liver complaints, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Lung fever, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt>Lung hemorrhages, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_M">M</dt> -<dt>Measles, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Measles, Black, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_O">O</dt> -<dt>Overweight, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_P">P</dt> -<dt>Pain, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Pneumonia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt>Poisons, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Poison antidotes, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dd>Arrow, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dd> -<dd>Insect bites, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dd> -<dd>Poison ivy, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dd> -<dd>Poison oak, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dd> -<dd>Rattlesnake bites, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dd> -<dd>Scorpion stings, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dd> -<dd>Tarantula bites, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></dd> -<dt>Prostate-gland infections, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt>Ptomaine poisoning, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_R">R</dt> -<dt>Rheumatism, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></dt> -<dt>Ringworms, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_S">S</dt> -<dt>Scalp infections, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></dt> -<dt>Scrofula, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></dt> -<dt>Sinus infections, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt>Skin diseases, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dd>Eruptions, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></dd> -<dd>Pimples, blackheads, etc., <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dd> -<dd>Seven-year-itch, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dd> -<dt>Smallpox, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Sores, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dd>Infected, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dd> -<dd>Running, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dd> -<dt>Splinters, Removal of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Spleen, Diseases of, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt>Stomach-ache, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Stomach disorders, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dt> -<dd>Bloating, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dd> -<dd>Colic, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dd> -<dd>Congestion, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dd> -<dd>Constipation, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dd> -<dd>Fevers, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dd> -<dd>Upset stomach, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dd> -<dd>Worms, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dd> -<dt>Sunstroke, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_T">T</dt> -<dt>Teeth, Care of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dd>Pyorrhea, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></dd> -<dd>Tooth-ache, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dd> -<dt>Tetanus, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Thorns, Removal of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Throat ailments:</dt> -<dd>Diseased throat glands, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dd> -<dd>Sore throat, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dd> -<dt>Trachoma, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_U">U</dt> -<dt>Ulcers, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_V">V</dt> -<dt>Various diseases, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dt> -<dt>Venereal diseases, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index_W">W</dt> -<dt>Women’s diseases, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dd>Birth control, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></dd> -<dd>Childbirth, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></dd> -<dd>Menstrual difficulties, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dd> -<dt>Wounds, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -<dd>Major, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dd> -</dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_79">79</div> -<h2 id="c6"><span class="h2line1"><i>Index of Herbs</i></span></h2> -<p class="center"><a class="ab" href="#index2_A">A</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_B">B</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_C">C</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_D">D</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_E">E</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_F">F</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_G">G</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_H">H</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_I">I</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_J">J</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_K">K</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_L">L</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_M">M</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_N">N</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_O">O</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_P">P</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_Q">Q</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_R">R</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_S">S</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_T">T</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_U">U</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_V">V</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_W">W</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_X">X</a> <a class="ab" href="#index2_Y">Y</a> <span class="ab">Z</span></p> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_A">A</dt> -<dt><i>Achillea millefolium</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Adiantum capillus-Veneris</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Agave, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -<dt>Alligator pear, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Allium biceptrum</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></dt> -<dt><i>Allium canadense</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dt> -<dt><i>Allium vineale</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ambrosia artemisifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dt> -<dt><i>Andromeda polifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Anemopsis californica</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt><i>Antennaria margaritacea</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt><i>Anthemis nobilis</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt><i>Apium</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt><i>Arctostaphylos glauca</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Arrow-wood, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dt> -<dt><i>Artemisia californica</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt><i>Artemisia tridentata</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dt> -<dt><i>Asclepias syriaca</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></dt> -<dt><i>Astragalus mollissimus</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></dt> -<dt><i>Audibertias stachyoides</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt>Avocado, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_B">B</dt> -<dt>Bean, Mesquite, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></dt> -<dt>Berry, Holly, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dd>Ink, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dd> -<dd>Juniper, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dd> -<dd>Lemonade, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dd> -<dd>Manzanita, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dd> -<dd>Squaw-bush, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dd> -<dt><i>Bertholletia</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></dt> -<dt>Blackberry, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Bottle-weed, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt><i>Brodiaea</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt>Button root, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_C">C</dt> -<dt>Cactus-pear, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Cactus, Water-barrel, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></dt> -<dt>Camomile, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt>Candlewood, Desert, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></dt> -<dt><i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt><i>Carduacea</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt><i>Cascara sagrada</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt>Cat-tail, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ceanothus divaricatus</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Centaurea melitensis</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -<dt><i>Centunculus</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Cercocarpus betulaefolia</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Chaparral</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt>Cherry, Holly-leaf, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Cherry, Wild black, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Chlorogalum pomeridianum</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></dt> -<dt><i>Chrysanthemum Parthenium</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt><i>Clematis ligusticifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></dt> -<dt>Cocklebur, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt>Cocklebur, Spiny, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -<dt>Coffee-berry, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt>Cottonweed, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt><i>Cracca virginiana</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt>Creosote bush, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -<dt><i>Croton corymbosus</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt><i>Croton setigerus</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></dt> -<dt>Cucumber, Thorny, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></dt> -<dt><i>Cucurbita foetidissima</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></dt> -<dt>Currant, Wild, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_D">D</dt> -<dt><i>Datura meteloides</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></dt> -<dt>Deer-ears, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt class="pb" id="Page_80">80</dt> -<dt><i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt><i>Dipsacus glutinosus</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dt> -<dt>Dove weed, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_E">E</dt> -<dt><i>Echinocactus acanthoides</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></dt> -<dt>Elderberry, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Elm, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ephedra</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt><i>Equisetum hyemale</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriodictyon californicum</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriodictyon glutinosum californicum</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriogonum</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriogonum elatum</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriogonum elongatum</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eriogonum umbellatum</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></dt> -<dt><i>Erythaea muehlenbergii</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eschscholtzia californica</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt><i>Eupatorium purpureum</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt><i>Euphorbia</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_F">F</dt> -<dt>Fern, Bracken, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></dt> -<dt>Fern, Hay-scented wild, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt>Fern, Maidenhair, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Fern, Purple cliff-brake, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt>Feverfew, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt><i>Fouquieria splendens</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></dt> -<dt>Four O’clock, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></dt> -<dt><i>Frasera</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt>Fuchsia, Wild, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_G">G</dt> -<dt>Garlic, Wild, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></dt> -<dt>Goldenrod, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -<dt>Gooseberry, Wild, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Goosefoot, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt>Gourd, Wild, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></dt> -<dt>Grape, Wild, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Grass, Blue star-flower, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dt> -<dt>Grass, Deer, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt>Grass, Pepper, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Grass, Salt, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt><i>Grindelia cuneifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt><i>Grindelia squarrosa</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt>Gum plant, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_H">H</dt> -<dt><i>Hedeoma pulegioides</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt><i>Helenium autumnale</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Helenium nudiflorum</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Heteromeles arbutifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Holly-berry, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Holly, White woolly, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></dt> -<dt>Horehound, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt>Horsemint, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Horsetail, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt><i>Hosackia glabra</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_I">I</dt> -<dt><i>Ilysanthus brachiatus</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt>Inkberry, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt><i>Iva axillaris</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_J">J</dt> -<dt>Jimson weed, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></dt> -<dt>Joe-pye weed, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt>Juniper, Desert, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -<dt><i>Juniperus californica</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_K">K</dt> -<dt><i>Kalmia latifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_L">L</dt> -<dt><i>Larrea mexicana</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -<dt>Laurel, Mountain, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></dt> -<dt>Leek, House, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></dt> -<dt><i>Lepidium epetalum</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Lettuce, Miner’s, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></dt> -<dt>Lilac, Wild, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Lippia lanceolata</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Locoweed, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></dt> -<dt><i>Lophophora williamsii</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_M">M</dt> -<dt>Mahogany shrub, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Mallow, Common, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Mallow, Creeping rock-, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Malva rosa</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></dt> -<dt><i>Malva rotundifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt><i>Malvacea rubra</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Marrubium vulgare</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt><i>Mentha canadensis</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt><i>Mentha spicata</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt><i>Micrapelis micracarpa</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></dt> -<dt><i>Micromeria douglasii</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt>Milkweed, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></dt> -<dt class="pb" id="Page_81">81</dt> -<dt>Mint, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt><i>Mirabilis californica</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></dt> -<dt><i>Monardella villosa</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Monkey flower, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dt> -<dt><i>Montia perfoliata</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></dt> -<dt>Moorwort, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Morajaum</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_N">N</dt> -<dt>Nettle, Stinging, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></dt> -<dt><i>Nicotiana glauca</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_O">O</dt> -<dt>Oak, Live, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -<dt>Oak, Poison, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt>Oak, Red, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ocotillo</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></dt> -<dt>Onion, Wild, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></dt> -<dt><i>Opuntia</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_P">P</dt> -<dt><i>Paeonia brownii</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -<dt><i>Panicum capillare</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Parsley, Wild, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt><i>Pellaea atropurpurea</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt>Pennyroyal, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Pennyroyal, False, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt>Pennyroyal, Mock, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt><i>Pentstemon cordifolius</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -<dt>Peony, Wild, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -<dt>Pepper grass, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Pepper plant, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt><i>Persea americana</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Phlox subulata</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></dt> -<dt><i>Phytolacca decandra</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Pimpernel, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Pine, Scrub, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Pine, Digger, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt>Pink, Moss, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></dt> -<dt><i>Pinus monticola</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt><i>Pinus sabiniana</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Piperacea</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt><i>Plantago major</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Plantain, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt><i>Platanus occidentalis</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt>Poppy, California golden, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></dt> -<dt>Poverty-weed, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></dt> -<dt><i>Prosopis juliflora</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></dt> -<dt><i>Prunus ilicifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Prunus serotina</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Pteris aquilina</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_Q">Q</dt> -<dt>Queen of the Meadows, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt><i>Quercus agrifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -<dt><i>Quercus rubra</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Quercus virginiana</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_R">R</dt> -<dt>Ragweed, Common, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ramona Polystachya</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt>Raspberry, Wild, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rhamnus californica</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></dt> -<dt>Rhubarb, Wild, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rhus diversiloba</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rhus integrifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rhus trilobata</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ribes amarum</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Ribes glutinosum</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rorippa nasturtium officinale</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rosa californica</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rosa gallica</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rosa Malva</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></dt> -<dt>Rose, Wild, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></dt> -<dt>Rosemary, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rubus villosus</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Rue, Garden (Goat’s), <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt><i>Rumex hymenocallis</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_S">S</dt> -<dt>Sage, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></dt> -<dt>Sage, Black, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt>Sagebrush, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></dt> -<dt>Sage, Green, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></dt> -<dt>Sage, White, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt><i>Salinia</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Salt grass, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt><i>Salix washingtonia</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></dt> -<dt><i>Salvia columbriae</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></dt> -<dt>Salvia, White, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -<dt><i>Sambucus pubens</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt><i>Saponaria officinalis</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Sempervivum</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></dt> -<dt class="pb" id="Page_82">82</dt> -<dt>Serum, Botanical, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></dt> -<dt>Shepherd’s purse, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></dt> -<dt><i>Sisyrinchium angustifolium</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></dt> -<dt>Sneezeweed, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt>Soap plant, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></dt> -<dt>Soapwort, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></dt> -<dt><i>Solidago nemoralis</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></dt> -<dt>Spanish Bayonet, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></dt> -<dt>Spearmint, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></dt> -<dt>Speedwell, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt><i>Spiraea salicifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></dt> -<dt>Spurge, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt>Squaw bush, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -<dt>Swamp root, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt>Sycamore, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_T">T</dt> -<dt><i>Tabardillo</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></dt> -<dt>Tea of the Indian, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></dt> -<dt>Thistle, Star, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -<dt>Tobacco, Tree, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt><i>Trichostema lanatum</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></dt> -<dt><i>Tule</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -<dt><i>Typha latifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_U">U</dt> -<dt><i>Ulmus pubescens</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></dt> -<dt><i>Urtica holosericea</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_V">V</dt> -<dt><i>Vanilla planifolia</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></dt> -<dt><i>Verbena hastata</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -<dt>Verbena, Lemon, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></dt> -<dt>Vervain, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></dt> -<dt><i>Veronica officinalis</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></dt> -<dt><i>Vitis vulpina californica</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_W">W</dt> -<dt>Watercress, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></dt> -<dt>Willow, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></dt> -<dt>Witch grass, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></dt> -<dt>Wormwood, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_X">X</dt> -<dt><i>Xanthium canadense</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -<dt><i>Xanthium spinosum</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -</dl> -<dl class="index"> -<dt class="center b" id="index2_Y">Y</dt> -<dt>Yarrow, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></dt> -<dt><i>Yerba Mansa</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></dt> -<dt><i>Yerba Mora Real</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></dt> -<dt><i>Yerba Santa</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></dt> -<dt><i>Yucca whipplei</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></dt> -</dl> -<hr /> -<p><span class="lr">$2.50</span></p> -<p class="tbcenter"><span class="ss">THE BOTANICAL LORE OF THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS</span></p> -<p class="center"><span class="ss">by -<br />John Bruno Romero -<br />(Ha-Ha-St of Tawee)</span></p> -<p>Rare Indian lore collected and interpreted -by a full-blooded Chu-Mash Indian, who -grew up among members of the Cahuilla -tribe, is revealed in this unique book. Written -by a man who is anxious to share his -ancestral knowledge of the treasures in the -Great Field of Nature, this volume describes -120 medicinal herbs and gives recipes for -their preparation, their uses, their English -and Latin names, and where they may be -found.</p> -<p>The collection presented here was hand-picked -from 500 specimens gathered by -the author on a plant-hunting expedition -on the Pacific Coast and in Arizona. Only -twenty-eight, it is said, are known to modern -medical science.</p> -<p>For more than one hundred years, the -Indians have kept to themselves their profound -knowledge of medicinal herbs and -their application. Meanwhile, if the Indian, -with his intelligent and extraordinary attachment -to nature, had not preserved and -replanted a large number of these herbs, -many of them would now be extinct.</p> -<p>A close collaborator of the historical department -of the Santa Ana Museum in his -native California, the author is known as -a botanist of such high order that some -years back the British Museum sought his -assistance in assembling a remarkable collection -<span class="pb" id="Page_84">84</span> -of Pacific Coast specimens of medicinal -herbs and Indian artifacts.</p> -<p>Mr. Romero, whose Indian name is Ha-Ha-St -of Tawee, presents his material in -highly entertaining manner, and his remarks, -some of them <i>sotto voce</i>, are extremely -apropos. Adding to the color of the -book is a wonderful legend written by the -author’s father, Chief Als Pablo, Chief of -Police of the Indian reservations in the -Southwest at the turn of the century.</p> -<p>The book is dedicated to the memory of -the author’s uncle, Chief William Pablo of -Guana-pia-pa, medical herbalist and medicine -man. It is a unique treasury of authentic -Americana, fortunately preserved for -our time.</p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p2.jpg" alt="Vantage Press Logo" width="145" height="200" /> -</div> -<p class="center"><span class="ss">VANTAGE PRESS, INC. -<br />120 W. 31st St., New York 1</span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_85">85</div> -<p class="tbcenter"><span class="ss">JOHN BRUNO ROMERO</span></p> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p3.jpg" alt="John Bruno Romero" width="486" height="600" /> -</div> -<p>John Bruno Romero is a descendant of the Chu-Mash, once the largest -and most powerful of Indian tribes, whose domain included all the islands -along the California Coast, and, on the mainland, from the San Fernando -Mission northwest to San Francisco and north-northwest to the High -Sierras.</p> -<p>Mr. Romero was born in Santa Barbara, where he studied Spanish and -Latin at the Franciscan School Mission, and attended the Sherman Institute, -where he was a student of English and scientific subjects. He was later -graduated from the Detroit Veterinarian College.</p> -<p>At one time, the Cahuilla Indians controlled the lands of California -southward to the end of what is now the Mexican peninsula. When the -Chu-Mash tribe, in its later years, had dwindled in numbers, Mr. Romero -joined the Cahuilla tribe “to help fight the United States Government for -our land treaty rights.” Today this tribe is the second oldest in California -and the strongest in membership.</p> -<p>The author’s interests are wide. He is a director of Indian Affairs for -seven Southern California counties, and while his principal hobby is -medicinal botany, he is also a collector of minerals, stamps, books, and -fossils, and dabbles in taxidermy. Fond of children, he has adopted and -reared ten orphans. At one time or another, he has worked as a surveyor, -explorer, geologist, and antho-botanist, and his home is a veritable treasure -trove of interesting archaeological, geological, and botanical specimens -which he has collected in the mountains and deserts of Southern California -and Arizona—in sections where the white man has seldom traveled.</p> -<p>In 1933 he discovered, in the Trabuco Hills, in Orange County, near -Los Angeles, the skeleton of a mastodon, one of the few uncovered in -Southern California. Paleontologists at the Los Angeles Museum made -varying estimates of the age of the bones, ranging from ten thousand to a -million years.</p> -<p>In 1937, when the author was a junior geologist at the Santa Ana -Museum, he deciphered the hieroglyphics inscribed on some rocks found -on the Indian prayer grounds at the peak of a volcanic vent in La Piomosa -range in Arizona, which have been instrumental in providing historical -information about the life of the early Indians in the Southwest. The inscriptions -revealed the location of food and water in the surrounding -country and primitive conceptions of the supernatural.</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Retained copyright information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>Silently corrected a few palpable typos.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Botanical Lore of the California -Indians, by John Bruno Romero and Ha-Ha-St of Tawee - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOTANICAL LORE--CALIFORNIA INDIANS *** - -***** This file should be named 55009-h.htm or 55009-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/0/0/55009/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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