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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f575684 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #55008 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/55008) diff --git a/old/55008-0.txt b/old/55008-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 593b2ac..0000000 --- a/old/55008-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5617 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary, Volume 34, No. 11, -November 1880, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The American Missionary, Volume 34, No. 11, November 1880 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: June 30, 2017 [EBook #55008] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN MISSIOARY, NOV 1880 *** - - - - -Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - - - - - - - - - VOL. XXXIV. NO. 11. - - THE - AMERICAN MISSIONARY. - - - * * * * * - - “To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.” - - * * * * * - - - NOVEMBER, 1880. - - ANNUAL MEETING. - - - - - _CONTENTS_: - - - EDITORIAL. - - PARAGRAPHS 321 - FINANCIAL—PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING 322 - HEROISM AND STATESMANSHIP: Rev. Alex. Hannay, D. D. 325 - GENERAL SURVEY 326 - SUMMARY OF TREASURER’S REPORT 334 - REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND ENLARGEMENT 335 - WHY WE SHOULD ENLARGE: Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D. 336 - SACRIFICIAL LIVING AND GIVING: Rev. A. F. Beard, D.D. 340 - WORKING OUT THE EQUATION: District Secretary Powell 342 - - - THE FREEDMEN. - - REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK 344 - CHRISTIAN EDUCATION: Rev. Addison P. Foster 345 - A SAMPLE STATE: Pres. H. S. Deforest 347 - REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK 350 - OUR DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES: Field Sup’t - J. E. Roy, D.D. 351 - THE NEED AND THE OPPORTUNITY: Prof. Wm. J. - Tucker, D.D. 354 - - - AFRICA. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 357 - THE MENDI MISSION: Prof. T. N. Chase 359 - THE CALL TO THE ASSOCIATION: Rev. H. M. Ladd 363 - - - THE INDIANS. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 364 - CAUSES OF THE MISMANAGEMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS: - Rev. A. H. Bradford. 365 - LETTER FROM GENERAL FISK 370 - - - THE CHINESE. - - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE 372 - THE TWO METHODS: Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D. 372 - OUR GROUNDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT: Rev. Samuel Scoville 375 - - - RECEIPTS 379 - - - CONSTITUTION 383 - - - AIM, STATISTICS, WANTS 384 - - -[Illustration] - -This number of the AMERICAN MISSIONARY is sent to some persons -whose names are not among our subscribers, with the hope that they -will read it, become interested in the work it represents, and -subscribe for it. Terms, 50 cents per annum. Subscriptions may be -sent to H. W. Hubbard, Esq., Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York. - - -Entered at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class -matter. - - - - - American Missionary Association, - - 56 READE STREET, N. Y. - - * * * * * - - - PRESIDENT. - - HON. E. S. TOBEY, Boston. - - - VICE-PRESIDENTS. - - Hon. F. D. PARISH, Ohio. - Hon. E. D. HOLTON, Wis. - Hon. WILLIAM CLAFLIN, Mass. - Rev. STEPHEN THURSTON, D. D., Me. - Rev. SAMUEL HARRIS, D. D., Ct. - WM. C. CHAPIN, Esq., R. I. - Rev. W. T. EUSTIS, D. D., Mass. - Hon. A. C. BARSTOW, R. I. - Rev. THATCHER THAYER, D. D., R. I. - Rev. RAY PALMER, D. D., N. J. - Rev. EDWARD BEECHER, D. D., N. Y. - Rev. J. M. STURTEVANT, D. D., Ill. - Rev. W. W. PATTON, D. D., D. C. - Hon. SEYMOUR STRAIGHT, La. - Rev. CYRUS W. WALLACE, D. D., N. H. - Rev. EDWARD HAWES, D. D., Ct. - DOUGLAS PUTNAM, Esq., Ohio. - Hon. THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, Vt. - Rev. M. M. G. DANA, D. D., Minn. - Rev. H. W. BEECHER, N. Y. - Gen. O. O. HOWARD, Washington Ter. - Rev. G. F. MAGOUN, D. D., Iowa. - Col. C. G. HAMMOND, Ill. - EDWARD SPAULDING, M. D., N. H. - Rev. WM. M. BARBOUR, D. D., Ct. - Rev. W. L. GAGE, D. D., Ct. - A. S. HATCH, Esq., N. Y. - Rev. J. H. FAIRCHILD, D. D., Ohio. - Rev. H. A. STIMSON, Mass. - Rev. A. L. STONE, D. D., California. - Rev. G. H. ATKINSON, D. D., Oregon. - Rev. J. E. RANKIN, D. D., D. C. - Rev. A. L. CHAPIN, D. D., Wis. - S. D. SMITH, Esq., Mass. - Dea. JOHN C. WHITIN, Mass. - Hon. J. B. GRINNELL, Iowa. - Rev. HORACE WINSLOW, Ct. - Sir PETER COATS, Scotland. - Rev. HENRY ALLON, D. D., London, Eng. - WM. E. WHITING, Esq., N. Y. - J. M. PINKERTON, Esq., Mass. - E. A. GRAVES, Esq., N. J. - Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D. D., Ill. - DANIEL HAND, Esq., Ct. - A. L. WILLISTON, Esq., Mass. - Rev. A. F. BEARD, D. D., N. Y. - FREDERICK BILLINGS, Esq., Vt. - JOSEPH CARPENTER, Esq., R. I. - Rev. E. P. GOODWIN, D. D., Ill. - Rev. C. L. GOODELL, D. D., Mo. - J. W. SCOVILLE, Esq., Ill. - E. W. BLATCHFORD, Esq., Ill. - C. D. TALCOTT, Esq., Ct. - Rev. JOHN K. MCLEAN, D. D., Cal. - Rev. RICHARD CORDLEY, D. D., Kansas. - Rev. W. H. WILLCOX, D. D., Mass. - Rev. G. B. WILLCOX, D. D., Ill. - Rev. WM. M. TAYLOR, D. D., N. Y. - Rev. GEO. M. BOYNTON, Mass. - Rev. E. B. WEBB, D. D., Mass. - Hon. C. J. WALKER, Mich. - Rev. A. H. ROSS, Mich. - - - CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. - - REV. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._ - - - DISTRICT SECRETARIES. - - REV. C. L. WOODWORTH, _Boston_. - REV. G. D. PIKE, D. D., _New York_. - REV. JAS. POWELL, _Chicago_. - - H. W. HUBBARD, ESQ., _Treasurer, N. Y._ - REV. M. E. STRIEBY, _Recording Secretary_. - - - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. - - ALONZO S. BALL, - A. S. BARNES, - C. T. CHRISTENSEN, - H. L. CLAPP, - CLINTON B. FISK, - ADDISON P. FOSTER, - S. B. HALLIDAY, - A. J. HAMILTON, - SAMUEL HOLMES, - CHARLES A. HULL, - EDGAR KETCHUM, - CHAS. L. MEAD, - SAMUEL S. MARPLES, - WM. T. PRATT, - J. A. SHOUDY, - JOHN H. WASHBURN. - - -COMMUNICATIONS - -relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the -Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields to -the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the “American -Missionary,” to Rev. C. C. PAINTER, at the New York Office. - - -DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS - -may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New -York, or when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 -Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street, -Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a -Life Member. - - - - - THE - - AMERICAN MISSIONARY. - - * * * * * - - VOL. XXXIV. NOVEMBER, 1880. NO. 11. - - * * * * * - - - - -American Missionary Association. - - * * * * * - - -This MISSIONARY, as will be seen, is an Annual Meeting number. We -have endeavored to give a glimpse at the things which were said -and done at Norwich. We have been able to give almost nothing -entire, except the briefer of the reports of the Committees. For -Dr. McKenzie’s sermon we must refer to the _Advance_ of Oct. 28; -for Dr. Taylor’s paper, to the _Congregationalist_ Supplement of -Oct. 20; for Mr. Carroll’s review of missions, to the _Independent_ -of Oct. 28. For the rest, we have crowded what we could into this -double number of the MISSIONARY. - - * * * * * - -We are under renewed obligations to our denominational newspapers -for their editorial representation at our anniversary, and their -full and discriminating reports of our proceedings. - - * * * * * - -Our Annual Meeting in the Broadway Church, Norwich, awakened, in -the minds of many, encouraging comparison with the Anniversary of -this Association held in the same place 19 years ago. It was in -the fall of 1861. Our country was just settling into the heavy -tug of war. And yet one of the headings of the Annual Report -was: “Enlargement demanded.” See how God has fulfilled that -aspiration in the enlargement of our finances, of our constituency, -of our field, of our work. The $51,819 of that year, upon the -recommendation of the Boston Council in 1865, came up to $250,000 -and $3,000 more, and the average of these fifteen years has been -that same sum, $253,000. All the work we then had at the South, -the very first of the kind that was done, was that of the one -missionary and one teacher among the 1,800 “contrabands,” who -at that point had pressed through our lines. But the men of -that meeting, believing that the day of freedom was at hand, -and praying,—in the words of one of Governor Buckingham’s State -papers—that “the country might be carried through the crisis in -such a manner as should forever check the spirit of anarchy, -bring peace to a distracted people, and preserve, strengthen -and perpetuate our National Union,” did solemnly and grandly -resolve “to follow the armies of the United States with faithful -missionaries and teachers”. You know how this Association did -follow those armies across the sunny South, and how it turned its -own forces into an army of occupation, until its field became -identical with the realm of our national flag. - -Now this marvelous enlargement, attained within less than two -decades, has brought us to “the cross of our success.” Shall we -take up that cross? Shall we consecrate ourselves to bear the -burden of obligation which this extension of our work lays upon us? -May we discern this call of God for enlargement, even as did the -good men of that day? - -The chief officers of this Association, the President, Rev. David -Thurston, the Treasurer, Lewis Tappan, with his brother Arthur, the -Secretaries, George Whipple and S. S. Jocelyn, now on high, were -all here on this platform, bearing up against the discouragements -of the way, and by their great faith inciting the people to “go -forward.” “The workers die, but God carries on the work.” - - * * * * * - - -A SUGGESTION—FINANCIAL. - -We have passed another milestone in our work. The reports and -extracts from addresses made at the recent annual meeting, and -placed before our constituents in this double number of the -MISSIONARY, tell how far we have progressed, and indicate something -of the demands that the journey beyond is already making upon us. - -A perusal of these papers will show that the enthusiasm of earnest -conviction characterized the Norwich meeting. The success of -the past, no less than the present exigent needs of the field -in every department, focused the thought of the meeting on one -thing—enlargement of the work. - -But the spirit that pervaded the annual meeting must in some way -or other be carried over to the churches. Enlargement of the work -means necessarily enlargement of resources. There must be at least -an increase of twenty-five per cent. over the contributions of last -year. It is a good time now to lay plans to secure this. We would -suggest to pastors and others having charge of missionary meetings, -that, as far as possible, the next monthly concert be made the -occasion of bringing before the churches the interesting facts -regarding the work of the American Missionary Association presented -at the Norwich meeting. By possessing the minds of the people with -intelligence, and their hearts with interest regarding the work, -the needed increase in contributions, we believe, will be easily -secured. - - * * * * * - - -PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING. - -The thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Association had for its -meeting place the commodious Broadway Church in the beautiful -city of Norwich, Conn. It was favored with perfect autumnal days, -bountiful and beautiful hospitality, and a large and sustained -attendance at all its sessions. - -President Tobey being detained from attendance, the chair was -occupied by Vice-Presidents Dr. Wm. L. Gage, of Hartford, and Dr. -Wm. W. Patton, of Howard University, and at the closing session by -Dr. L. T. Chamberlain, pastor of the church in which the meetings -were held. Rev. Geo. M. Boynton was elected Secretary, and Revs. -C. P. Osborne and J. H. Isham, Assistant Secretaries of the -meeting. Dr. Langworthy, of Massachusetts, conducted the opening -devotional services. The Treasurer read his report. The report of -the Executive Committee was read by Secretary Strieby, after which -an hour was spent in prayer, reminiscence and thanksgiving. - -Dr. Alex. McKenzie, of Cambridge, Mass., preached the Annual -Sermon, his text being Ex. ii.:9—“Take this child away and nurse it -for me.” The thought elaborated with great force and beauty was the -claim of the child, the African race, upon the King’s daughter, the -Church of God. - -Wednesday morning the prayer meeting was led by Rev. R. B. -Howard, of Massachusetts. Part of the morning was devoted to -presentations of missionary work outside of the special limits -of the Association. A paper, valuable for its clearness and -comprehensiveness, on “Recent Progress of Protestant Missions,” was -read by Mr. H. K. Carroll, one of the editors of the _Independent_, -in whose care is their excellent missionary column. Mr. Eugene -Reveillaud then addressed the Association, through Rev. Mr. Dodds, -who acted as his interpreter, on the recent remarkable religious -movements in France. Mr. Dodds and Rev. L. W. Bacon spoke briefly -on the same subject. - -The Committees to which had been assigned the various departments -of the work as represented in the official papers, then in order -reported, and addresses were made on the subjects of which they -treated. - -1. The church work. The report was presented by Prof. Wm. J. -Tucker, D. D., of Andover Theological Seminary, and was sustained -by him in an able and suggestive address, showing the kind of -religion needed by the negro and the progress already made. Dr. Roy -followed with a statement of the disadvantages under which this -department of our work was compelled to labor, and, on the other -hand, of the favorable circumstances by which it was assisted. - -2. The Indian report was read by Rev. A. H. Bradford, of New -Jersey, after which General Armstrong spoke of the educational -experiment at Hampton, its success and its needs. A company of the -Indian pupils on their way from their summer homes in Berkshire -County, Mass., added, by their presence on the platform and by -simple exercises, to the impressiveness of the plea. Mr. Bradford -sustained the report made by him in a forcible address, showing the -evils of the treaty and reservation systems, and the need of still -further reform in our civil service. - -3. The educational work (South) was reported on Wednesday -evening by Rev. Addison P. Foster, of New Jersey, Chairman of -the Committee. Dr. Wm. M. Taylor, of New York, followed with a -strong plea. Its leading illustration was drawn from the feeding -of the five thousand; when the disciples came to the Master and -said, “Send the multitudes away;” to whom he replied, “They need -not depart, give ye them to eat.” Mr. Foster also sustained the -report read by him. He demonstrated the greatness of the need and -the religious character of the education demanded and sought to be -supplied by our schools. - -Thursday morning, after the prayer meeting, which was led by Rev. -F. Williams of Connecticut, Rev. H. S. De Forest, President of -Talladega College, spoke in continuation of the discussion of the -report on education, setting forth the wants of Alabama and the -condition and needs of Talladega. Rev. Wm. E. Brooks, just elected -to the Presidency of Tillotson Institute, in Texas, gave his creed -in regard to the work before him, in a brief address full of -animation and hopefulness. He was followed by Professor Fairchild, -of Berea College, who spoke of the influence of that Institution in -doing away the prejudices of the whole community in which it was -located. Dr. I. P. Warren, of Maine, also spoke briefly. District -Secretary Powell, of Chicago, closed the discussion of this largest -department of the work of the Association. - -4. The African Missions were reported on by Rev H. M. Ladd, of -Walton, New York, who followed the report with a brief address. -Professor T. N. Chase, of Atlanta, Georgia, who recently has -returned from a visit of inspection to the Mendi Mission, gave an -account of the field, of the location of the mission, with its -drawbacks and hopeful signs frankly and fully contrasted. Rev. -Lewis Grant followed briefly. Dr. Patton also spoke on this topic. - -5. The Finance Committee reported through its Chairman, Rev. -Wm. H. Willcox, D.D., commending the business management of the -Association, and making it clear that the $150,000 recently -received for buildings in no wise lessened the demands upon the -treasury or the dependence of the treasury upon the churches. -Secretary Strieby followed, urging the need of the enlargement of -the work. Dr. A. F. Beard, of New York, read a most suggestive -paper on Giving as an important part of the sacrificial life to -which the Christian is called. He was followed by Dr. Chamberlain -in an earnest plea for justice and restitution to the races which -our race has so deeply wronged, and briefly by President Magoun of -Iowa College. - -6. The Chinese report was read on Thursday evening by Dr. Lyman -Abbott, of New York, and supported by him. In his address he -stated fully and frankly the possible dangers arising from -Chinese immigration, and the two methods by which they might be -averted. Rev. Samuel Scoville, of Stamford, Connecticut, followed -in a fervid plea based on the importance of the work, and the -encouragements to its prosecution. Rev. R. B. Howard briefly -followed. - -It would not do to omit the witty and eloquent address of Rev. Dr. -Hannay, Secretary of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, -in which he spoke of the heroism of modern missionary effort and -the statesmanship needed and shown in the discussions of the work -of the Association. - -The Lord’s Supper was celebrated on Wednesday afternoon, Rev. J. -O. Barrows of Turkey, and Rev. Jonathan Edwards of Massachusetts -officiating. - -At the close, resolutions of thanks to the churches and citizens -of Norwich, to the choir, the Committee and the railroads, were -adopted, and responded to by Rev. Wm. S. Palmer, D.D., of Norwich, -chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. The benediction -was pronounced by Rev. Dr. Chamberlain. Thus ended one of the -best attended and best sustained anniversaries of the American -Missionary Association. For changes in the list of Vice-Presidents -and Executive Committee we refer to the first inside page of the -cover. - -On Wednesday afternoon, the Second Church was filled below and -above with a congregation of nearly a thousand women. Mrs. Dr. John -A. Rockwell, of Stamford, Conn., presided, and, after the opening -prayer by Mrs. Phipps, read a brief paper on woman’s responsibility -in the nineteenth century. - -Miss Stevenson, Miss Sawyer, Mrs. Hickok and Miss Emery, all -familiar with the condition and needs of the colored women of the -South, addressed the meeting, the interest of which was so great -and so well sustained that it re-assembled the next morning. At -that time Miss Douglass, who had labored in Georgia among the -negroes, and Miss Ludlow, of Hampton Institute, Miss Lord and -others spoke, keeping up the interest which had attended the -previous session. - -Resolutions expressing hearty sympathy with the work of the A. -M. A., and urging an organization for home mission work in every -church in New England, were adopted at the close of this full and -earnest woman’s meeting. - - * * * * * - - -HEROISM AND STATESMANSHIP. - -FROM THE ADDRESS OF REV. ALEXANDER HANNAY, D.D., SECRETARY OF THE -CONGREGATIONAL UNION OF ENGLAND AND WALES. - -We sometimes talk—and I think in a very superficial and wild -way—about heroic ages of certain nationalities, heroic ages of -the church; and there are men who will say it was a heroic age -in which foreign missions were projected, whether in England or -here; that then the men were of great stature, and that they rose -to the opportunities the great living Head of the Church offered -them, and went out and did a giant’s work; and they look down on -this time, and perhaps complain that it is not a heroic age, and -that we cannot have a giant’s test put to us. Now that is all very -flimsy and superficial talk in my judgment. There are epochs in -the history of nations and of churches when great opportunities -occur, the record of which becomes historical, and it seems that -the men who take the prominent part then are men of Alpine bulk -and grandeur of nature—true heroes; and then there comes a time -of equable, dogged, plodding, unhistorical work, and it is said -“The age of heroism and the age of heroes has passed away.” -Brethren, the work of these quiet and plodding ages cannot be done -well, except in the very spirit of the heroic age; and I take -it there is a test of individual character, there is a test of -strength and firmness in men, a strength of heroism demanded for -the quiet, ordinary, fruitful work of times like these, equal, at -least, to that which was needed to originate the new epoch. And I -congratulate the representatives of the American churches assembled -at the meetings of these great societies on the evidence which -has appeared to me, (and I would use no words of mere courtesy in -this, but a simple and unaffected expression of the feeling which -has taken possession of me while I have attended these meetings), -that here they are in the very spirit of their fathers, now gone to -their rest, who said, “We must redeem the pagan nations and bring -them to Christ.” - -Another thing that has struck me is this: in listening to what -we have heard here to-day, I have seemed to find not merely a -fulness and vitality of the missionary sentiment, but associated -with that, a keen, political outlook, the statesman’s thought -about the demand of the hour and the special adaptations that are -necessary in service for the carrying out of the great work that -these societies have in view. It is especially encouraging in view -of this, to which no one can be blind, that God is calling America -to a singularly honorable, because singularly difficult, vocation, -in dealing with the races with which her life of intelligence and -faith is here being brought into contact. - -It is quite true, sir, that the Head of the Church, as has been -proclaimed from this platform, and from that at Lowell, again and -again, is imposing on you the discipleship of the world, the duty -of carrying the Gospel to all the nations of the earth. It thus -lies upon the Christian nations so honored to stretch out their -hands to lift the other nations up to the plane on which they are -themselves living. But there has been brought to America, it seems -to me, a specially difficult task. She has had thrust within her -national boundary at least three separate races, that are on a -different stage of intellectual development and civilization from -that which she has reached; or if it be too much to say that these -races have been thrust within her boundaries, then that the high -and laudable ambition, which has moved you as a people to keep this -great continent to yourselves, and to take as much more as you -can get, has brought upon you this obligation in connection with -the great races which are to be found on your soil. We are aware -that the spirit and the policy of the world is hounded on, perhaps -now more than ever, by that proud and insolent dictum of science, -falsely so called, ready to be applied to the affairs of races as -to other things—“the survival of the fittest.” No doubt there are -men among you who are ready to take up the spirit of this maxim and -to apply it all around, and to feel, as has been said here about -the dead Indian, that it is the province of the stronger people -simply to overrun, and press out, and hustle over the frontiers, or -over the shores of your continent, the weaker races. Now, sir, as -I understand it, you have been called to this vocation of bringing -up these weaker races, of incorporating them into your own national -life, of clothing them with all the honors and responsibilities -of citizenship, of giving them a full status in the Church and in -the township, of making them what you are yourselves, gradually -scattering their darkness by the light of your intelligence, and -vitalizing their enfeebled and degraded manhood by the overflow of -the surplus energy of your own manhood. There has been given to -you this great task to perform, to show the nations a better way -of dealing with the weaker races than any nation has yet reached; -and if the spirit of the American Missionary Association can but be -breathed into the American people as a whole; if you can control -your political action, if you can determine the issues in your -Congress by that spirit, and control all your dealings with those -peoples by it, one of the very brightest of the many crowns which -will sit on the brow of the American nation will be the crown which -you will win in that service. This is the work to which you are -called. - -I have been asked since I came here how I could explain the fact -that the citizens of America seem to meddle so much in politics. I -do not think we of England meddle enough with them. The existence -of a political church among us forces a certain political -contention upon us with which you here have nothing to do. But I -take it that it is one of the highest, most urgent vocations of the -Church of Christ, in this and in all lands, to see to it, that, -so far as her influence shall go, by teaching and by testimony, -by debate, by criticism, by all kinds of fair mental conflict to -penetrate the political life of the nation with the spirit of -Christ. It will not be well with you in America, any more than -with us in England, whether with regard to your work for the black -man and the Indian and the Chinese, or with regard to your own -national stability and progress, until this work has been gone -earnestly about. We can afford to rise above party politics, but we -are bound to preach that righteousness, that truth, that spirit of -self sacrifice, without which neither church nor nation can be made -great and stable. - - * * * * * - - -GENERAL SURVEY. - -The battle cry of the American Missionary Association now is -ENLARGEMENT. We are called to this by recent encouragements, and by -the demands of the future. - - -THE ENCOURAGEMENTS OF THE PRESENT. - -FINANCES. - -We present our _financial_ situation as one of these -encouragements, and first in order, as being special, we mention -the receipt of $150,000, the donation of Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, -of Malden, Mass. This munificent gift has been so confidently -anticipated, that Prof. T. N. Chase has for some time been occupied -in maturing plans for the buildings to be erected by it, so that -the work at all points will be pushed forward with rapidity and -economy. We hope, therefore, at our next Annual Meeting, to -announce that buildings have been erected at several points in -the South that shall afford much needed facilities to overcrowded -schools, and that shall serve as monuments to the liberality and -wisdom of the donor, more fitting, because more useful, than the -most costly shaft or obelisk. - -Next in order, but not least in significance, we refer to the -_financial exhibit_ of our Treasurer, with its favorable balance -sheet. The receipts for the year, aside from Mrs. Stone’s donation, -have been $187,480.02, which together with the amount on hand -Sept. 30, 1879 ($1,475.90), makes a total of $188,955.92; and the -expenditures, $188,172.19; thus giving a credit balance of $783.73. - -As a part of the gratifying results of the year’s expenditures, -as we had no debt to pay, we can point to _four_ school buildings -newly erected or greatly improved; to _six_ church edifices -completed; to _two_ in the process of erection; to _five_ repaired -and improved; and to _three_ parsonages repaired, one in process -of erection, and one built by the people. Among these new school -buildings we are glad to number the large and commodious edifice -for Tillotson Institute, Austin, Texas, a permanent outpost, we -hope, in the rapidly increasing population of the great South-west. - -Such a balance sheet, carrying on the one side our regular work -and these new and greatly needed buildings, yet held in even -poise by the generous donations of our friends, is an argument -for enlargement at other points calling for it with increased -importunity. We dare not be presumptuous, but may we not trust -still further to the God of the poor, and will not his people -sustain us in the trust? - - -FREEDMEN. - -Our _Educational_ work among the Freedmen furnishes the next source -of encouragement. - -The _increasing appreciation_ of our schools by both the white -and colored people of the South, is manifest. Georgia continues -to give the substantial assistance of her annual appropriation -of $8,000 to the Atlanta University. A large majority of the -State Board of Examiners attended the anniversary exercises this -year. Their examinations were close, their report to the Governor -wholly favorable, and their recommendation of the continuance of -the appropriation unhesitating, the closing words of their report -being: “Who can doubt the wisdom of continuing the appropriation?” - -The State of Mississippi was represented at the Commencement -exercises at Tougaloo by her Superintendent of Education and other -influential citizens, who, after careful inspection, gave public -assurance of State aid. The first instalment, we are confident, -will reach us this fall. Soon after the war, when this State was -under Republican rule, it granted aid to Tougaloo. Under changed -political control, this grant was for a time withheld, but now -while overwhelming Democratic majorities are regularly reported, -the proffer of aid is renewed. The significance of the fact is that -both political parties, much as they may differ on other points, -are agreed in sustaining the Tougaloo University. - -Another evidence of such appreciation is found in the attendance -at our school anniversaries, of persons who represent public -sentiment. At Hampton, President Hayes, Secretary Schurz, the -Governor and an ex-Governor of Massachusetts were present; at -Berea, the audience numbered probably 1,800 or 2,000 persons, -two-thirds being of the white race; at Fisk, there was reported “a -crowded house;” at Atlanta, the audience was packed; at Straight -University, New Orleans, it is reported that “the audience, both -in numbers and intelligent appreciation, was one of the best ever -gathered for the purpose in the city.” Our work is not now done in -a corner, nor under the ban of good people, North or South. - -The colored people show their appreciation of the schools by an -increased attendance. The roll is larger than last year in the -aggregate, and in nearly all the departments. The total number of -pupils reported this year is 8,052 against 7,207 last year. The -largest proportionate increase is in the theological, grammar and -normal grades. - -Our schools are meant to be _religious_. If not, they are as -nothing to us. We watch, therefore, with great jealousy, the -developments in this direction, and we are gratified to be able -to report interesting revivals at Fisk, Tougaloo and Woodbridge, -with conversions and a quiet spiritual work at other schools. The -usefulness and activity of our students as they go out in vacation -or at graduation may be illustrated by facts like these: “One -pupil who is a minister reports over forty hopeful conversions in -connection with his labors during the summer vacation.” Another -writes: “I was assigned to a place where there was no school-house -or church. The people had their meeting under an arbor. I worked -with the patrons until they built me a school-house.” From -Memphis the report is: “Sixteen of our young people have, during -the summer, taught 1,035 day pupils, and very nearly as many -Sunday-school scholars.” The returning pupils at Tougaloo reported -that “the Sunday-school and Temperance work had been vigorously -pushed with excellent results, one of which was over 1,300 signers -to the Temperance pledge.” - -Our _Theological Departments_ are the flower of our schools, and -the germinating seed for our church work. They have this year, as -we have seen, increased in the number of their students and in -their efficiency. Talladega reports that “eight young men will -graduate from the Theological Department, all of whom will enter -the Congregational ministry in the South. They are now warmly -welcomed to the pulpits of all denominations.” From New Orleans: -“The Theological Department is larger than in any previous year. -Four of the class are ordained ministers, of whom two are pastors -of churches in New Orleans.” The Theological Department of Howard -University reports that “sixteen students were sent forth to -preach, all of whom go to the South to the Freedmen.” - -With such a record before us, a work so useful and that needs -almost indefinite expansion, invites to that expansion by its very -success. - -Our _Church Work_ shows a steady and healthful growth. The number -of churches in the South is 73 as against 67 last year; of church -members, 4,961—last year, 4,600. - -In the four new churches organized, and in the six new edifices -erected, and two in the process, five repaired, and in the -parsonages improved and built, we see the additions to the outward -scaffolding, within which is going forward the spiritual work -of preparing the polished stones of the sanctuary; and we see -the added force of workmen ascending this scaffolding, in the -ordination of four young men to the Gospel ministry, and in the -reports from our Theological Departments of well trained young men -graduating and entering the service. - -That spiritual work is indicated in part by the reports of -precious revivals and ingatherings into the churches. The pastor -at New Orleans writes: “It is my happiness to record one of the -most precious revivals in the history of the Central Church.” -From Shelby Iron Works, Ala: “The meetings closed with twenty-one -conversions reported. Last Sunday fifteen came forward, entered -into covenant with the church, and were baptized on profession -of their faith. Some eight or ten are to unite by letter the -first opportunity, who were not ready to join last Sunday.” From -Savannah, Ga,: “There has been an unusual work of grace among this -people, and the meetings have been quiet and orderly as with a New -England congregation.” - -We have been impressed this year with the unusual mention in the -reports from the churches of the attendance and interest _in the -prayer meetings_. If the prayer meeting is the pulse of the church, -we should infer that the life blood flows warmly from the heart in -our churches in the South. - -The disposition for _self help_ is a plant of slow growth among -a people marvelous for their faith and passive endurance, but -little used to forethought and activity. We have felt the need of -developing “this grace also,” and have, therefore, taken unusual -pains to induce the churches to aid more fully in the support of -their pastors. The responses have exceeded our expectations; in -almost every instance the additional sum we have named has been -given, and in some instances more. - -Other facts of the same purport are seen in such extracts as -these, culled from the “Detailed Report.” The pastor of the church -in Atlanta proposed that the _church debt_ should be paid off. -With a little help from the North, and from the professors of the -University, it was done, making about $563 raised by the church, -aside from current expenses, in six months. They have also aided in -securing a fine bell of 800 lbs. The young church at Marietta, Ga., -raised $300 for their new church edifice. In a church collection -for the American Missionary Association in Marion, one man put in -$5, being one-tenth of his crop—a bale of cotton. A man and his -wife are sustaining their daughter in the school at Tougaloo with -the money saved on snuff and tobacco since they signed the pledge. -The church at Wilmington, N. C., claims to be the banner church -among the constituents of the American Board, having given more -than any other, according to number and means, as judged by the -report of Dr. Alden. - -The _Sunday-Schools_, as reported, show a slight increase in -numbers, but the reports are not full, and hence the figures do -not properly represent the strength of this arm of the service. -Revivals have occurred in some of the schools. The _Temperance -cause_ holds its place in the hearts and efforts of our workers in -the South. In the churches, schools, mission schools, and by the -teachers who go out in vacation, is the good work pushed forward. - -The _Conferences_ in the South have held their meetings, and Dr. -Roy, who was enabled to attend several of them, was delighted with -the excellence of the sermons and papers and the ability of the -discussions, as well as with the fervor of spiritual life. Some -of the Conferences appointed delegates to the National Council. -A marked feature at one of these meetings—that of the Alabama -Conference at Selma—was the social and religious welcome it -received from the white families and churches. Dr. Roy thus reports -it: - -“You have been told of the new era in our work, marked by the -opening of half a dozen of the homes of the first families in -Selma, Alabama, for the entertainment of the white members of the -Conference. It was not merely the offer of their houses as eating -and sleeping places, but it was a delicate and attentive Christian -hospitality, which invited the guests around from home to home in -order to the extension of acquaintance. When grateful words were -said to Major Joseph Hardie for having led the way, he answered -that that gave him too much credit; that the places had all been -opened cheerfully, and that, after the sessions were over, other -families had said: ‘Why didn’t you give us a chance? We would -like to have had some of those folks.’ Another host, referring -to the mutual satisfaction, said: ‘It is just because we are -getting better acquainted.’ In the same line was the opening of -the Presbyterian pulpit, morning and night. The exercises of the -Conference were of a high order and well sustained throughout. It -was much like one of the Western General Associations.” - - -THE INDIANS. - -The experiment of educating Indian youth at Hampton and Carlisle -is a confirmed success. We have in the office two pictures—one -representing a company of these young Indians as they came to -Hampton, in their blankets and with their stolid countenances, and -the other taken after they had spent a year in the school. The -change in dress is less significant than the bright and intelligent -look of the faces in the last picture. A visit among them, as -they are engaged in the school-room and at various mechanical -employments, accounts for the change. The joint education of the -two races, the black and the red, seems helpful to both. - -Four agencies, the same number as last year, are under our -nomination, and we have favorable reports from each. At the Lake -Superior Agency some years ago, the Indians wanted blankets, beads -and trinkets; now they want a boarding school. At Fort Berthold, -40 new houses were built this season; at the Sisseton Agency, -the Indians dress entirely in citizen’s clothing, live in log -houses and cultivate 4,025 acres of land, and the scholars in the -boarding and day schools show marked improvement; at the S’Kokomish -Agency, the morals, manners, health and homes of the Indians are -improving—most of the houses have been ceiled and furnished with -good, tight floors. More land has been cleared, and 1,000 fruit -trees have been set out. - - -CHINESE IN AMERICA. - -Of our mission on the Pacific coast, the efficient Superintendent, -Rev. W. C. Pond, says that not only more, but better work has been -done this year than ever before. The total enrolment of pupils is -67 greater than last year, but the most marked gains are in those -reported as having ceased from idol-worship, and as giving evidence -of conversion; in the former, 180 against 137 last year, and in the -latter, 127 against 84. - - -AFRICA. - -The aspect of our _Mendi Mission_, in a surface survey, seems -discouraging. A deeper view discloses one great element of success, -and moreover reveals lessons of wisdom that will be of much more -value than any transient success. - -After maintaining this mission for 30 years with white -missionaries, with a rapid death-rate and meagre results, -Providence seemed to open to us a plan for using the Freedmen of -America, trained in our schools, as missionaries to Africa. Three -years since a company was sent out, with Rev. Floyd Snelson as -a leader. His age and experience guided the mission well, and -the next year new recruits were added. But the failure of Mrs. -Snelson’s health compelled him to return with her to this country. -The management fell into younger and less experienced hands, and -dissensions and complaints ensued. Prof. T. N. Chase, of Atlanta -University, accepted our invitation to visit and inspect the -mission. Accompanied by Rev. Jos. E. Smith, the pastor of our -church in Chattanooga, he spent two months at the mission, making -most careful examinations, the result of which he embodies in an -extended report. It may suffice here to say that Mr. Chase found -many things in an unsatisfactory condition, chargeable in some -degree to moral delinquency, but more largely to immaturity of -experience and of judgment. - -From Mr. Chase’s report and our own knowledge of the affairs of the -mission, we reach these results: - -1. The colored man of America _can_ endure the climate of western -tropical Africa. We have sent to the Mendi Mission 17 persons of -that race—seven men, five women and five children. Of this number -_not one man has died_, and _but one_ has been compelled to leave -on account of ill-health; nor have any of these, with this one -exception, suffered from the African fever so as to hinder their -work, except temporarily. The children were not sick; of the women, -one died, the wife of Dr. James. Mrs. Miller has been compelled -to return as far as England for the recovery of health. In the -single case of death and in the three of failure in health, the -cause can be traced to the germs of disease in the constitution, -existing there prior to leaving America; but in every case of a -sound constitution, good health has been maintained. In this we see -hopeful evidence that, with careful previous medical examination, -the _colored people of America can furnish missionaries for -tropical Africa capable of enduring the climate and of rendering -active service as missionaries_—a result full of encouragement. - -2. Due allowance must be made for the inadequate training of the -young colored missionary. The Anglo-Saxon race has behind it 17 -centuries of culture; the negro race in America, 17 years. This -should make a difference as to the races. The white candidate for -the post of missionary was born in a Christian home, reared in a -Christian community, educated in early days with the best culture -of school and church, enjoyed afterwards the training of the best -college and seminary, with their full corps of highly educated -professors, with all the advantages of large libraries, apparatus -and lectures; and above all, that unconscious education that comes -from constant contact with practical men and cultured society. The -colored candidate was born a slave, lived in the slave quarters -with no refinements of home or surroundings; his education was in -our young and imperfectly equipped schools and colleges, and his -knowledge of the world is bounded by this limited horizon. This -should make much difference with the individual. Perhaps these -facts on both sides have not been duly considered. They will -hereafter be fully recognized by us, and will lead us to place the -management of our African mission for a time in charge of a white -superintendent. They will also dictate a great deal of caution in -selecting candidates for that field. We may send fewer at first; we -will try to send those that are best prepared. - -3. Our experiment with colored missionaries in West Africa has -not been discouraging when compared with our former efforts there -with white missionaries, or with those of other societies in other -parts of Africa. A new impulse has been given to African Missions -by the startling discoveries of Stanley and others, and if the -Christian world expects these new missions to be crowned with -immediate success, it will soon be undeceived. There, as elsewhere, -missions must furnish heroes and martyrs, must fight battles, -suffer defeats, win victories and endure hardness. Leviathan in the -African jungle is not easily tamed, and the efforts which would -overcome the barbarism which has for ages defied civilization, and -even discovery, will test the “perseverance of the saints.” - -In the missions growing out of the new impulse for Tropical Africa -discouragement and trial have been nearly everywhere encountered. -Of the sixteen missionaries sent so promptly by the Church -Missionary Society to establish the mission in Mtesa’s kingdom, -some have died, some have returned on account of sickness, and the -whole work is now in abeyance. The mission of the London Missionary -Society at Ujiji is still pushed forward, yet with much sickness -and several deaths, among which is numbered that of the lamented -Secretary Mullens. The Livingstonia Mission on Lake Nyassa is -compelled to abandon its first station on account of the tsetse -fly. The Scotch Blantyre Mission has had the sad experience of -wrongs practiced by the missionaries upon the natives, attracting -the attention and stirring the sorrow of Great Britain. - -We are not alone, then, in the trials of our African Mission, -nor must we, more than others, be discouraged. Africa was not -forgotten in the Redeemer’s plan. His people must meet and overcome -difficulties. The assurance that the colored American can endure -the African climate is worth all the effort we have made. - - -THE DEMANDS OF THE FUTURE. - -1. Enlargement in the work already in hand among the _Freedmen_. - -The noble gift of Mrs. Stone, while supplying some of the great -and most pressing wants in certain directions, creates new ones -in others. It gives additional buildings, but these mean more -students, more teachers, more student aid, more libraries, and more -apparatus. - -Buildings are needed where the gift of Mrs. Stone, great as it -is, does not reach—needed as imperiously as where it does. At -Talladega, the original building erected before the war at a cost -of $30,000, bought by us after the war, used and oft repaired, -is thus described by President DeForest: “The walls are staunch, -but the roof leaks, and within and without, from foundation to -bell-tower, it needs repair. It is estimated that $3,000 are -required for this purpose.” A house is also needed as a home for -the President, to save room for teachers and pupils in the main -buildings. In addition to the $15,000 from the Stone donation, -Talladega needs for these buildings and repairs, $10,000. The -wants of Tougaloo are even more pressing. The crowd of students -defies all means of accommodation. Temporary barracks have been -erected, out-buildings and garrets have been used as lodging -places, and yet students have been turned away for want of room. -The buildings now on the ground need extensive repairs to save them -from decay, and additions should be made to the farm buildings to -give adequate shelter to the stock and products of the 500 acres of -land connected with the school. But what shall we more say? for the -time would fail us to tell of the needs of Wilmington, N. C., of -Greenwood and Orangeburg, S. C., Mobile, Montgomery and Athens, Ala. - -Besides all this we ought to establish, at some eligible point -in North Carolina, a chartered institution of higher grade, with -a boarding department. We have for a long while felt the need of -this, and have only been deterred by the lack of means. We ought -also to found an institution in Arkansas, similar to that in -Austin, Texas. We are just beginning efforts among the Refugees -in Kansas, and these should be greatly increased, and include -churches, schools and lady missionaries. - -_Endowments_ are an absolute necessity for our institutions at the -South. Here are eight institutions, carefully managed, efficient in -work, and furnished with buildings equal in number and size with -some at the West of much greater age. These Western schools have -in most instances the nucleus of an endowment, if not a complete -one. Those in the South need endowments much more, and have almost -nothing of the sort. - -2. But enlargement should far transcend the limits of the work -already in hand among the Freedmen. We take it for granted that -every portion of the population of this country must have equal -facilities open to it for education and advancement. No part of -that population is so inadequately supplied as the four and a half -millions of colored people in the South. There were in 1875, in -this country, 1,932 schools of grades above the primary. Of this -whole number, the four and a half millions of colored people have -access to but 91! It must be borne in mind that in this number -of schools (1,932) Harvard, Yale and Oberlin are but units, with -their ample endowments, teachers of finest culture, libraries and -apparatus of the best and largest; and to balance them the colored -people can only point to a few new and inadequately furnished -schools, of which those of this Association are among the best. - -There were in 1875 in this country, 3,647 libraries, numbering 300 -volumes and upwards in each. Of that number, the colored people of -the South have access to 25! The same disparity is found here in -regard to the size and quality of the libraries open to them as in -regard to the schools and colleges. - -It will not do to say that these people need only primary schools. -No race can rise unless it has leaders who can teach and encourage -the masses; nor will it suffice to say that the few seeking -special advantages can go to colleges at the North. The people of -the West cannot send their sons to Eastern colleges in adequate -numbers. The West has, and must have, its own colleges. How can the -poor ex-slaves of the South send their children to the North for -education, when most of them have a life struggle with the wolf at -the door? - -Here, then, are glimpses at the great duty that this nation owes -to the Freedmen for its own sake as well as theirs. But that duty -involves enlargement, fifty-fold, of what is now done for them. - -3. The work of the A.M.A. _beyond the South_ needs enlarging. - -The Chinese schools in California need the permanency of having -buildings under their own control, and Bro. Pond earnestly desires -the means to reach the “Chinese in the mines.” - -The work of educating Indians at the East should be extended. -It is not a substitute for schooling among the tribes; it helps -it. Capt. Pratt, who inaugurated this movement in Hampton, and -who now conducts the large Government school for Indian youth at -Carlisle, is very earnest that more—much more—should be done in -this direction. The power of the movement, in his opinion, will -be measured by its extent. He is anxious that every school of the -American Missionary Association in the South should be prepared to -receive Indians. This broad plan deserves the careful thought of -the Association, but if adopted, it will necessitate not a little -enlargement of accommodations and of the teaching force. - -But Africa! what does the future ask at our hands in her behalf? -When we recall the struggles of the past for her enslaved children -in this country, when we think of the graves of our missionaries -in the Mendi country, and when we hear her children in our schools -asking to be sent thither, we feel called to a new and strong -effort to equip completely the mission on the West coast. The East -coast calls to us also. The Arthington Mission, though we have -moved cautiously, is neither forgotten nor abandoned. The generous -offer of Mr. Arthington still remains; considerable sums have been -collected in this country and in Great Britain, and as soon as the -adequate amount ($50,000) can be secured, we shall feel called to -go forward. - -From all these considerations, we ask for a new and wide -enlargement of our work. The duty to America and to Africa demands -it. Especially do we urge that America owes it to its own safety -and honor that it shall adequately care for the Freedmen. But who -will take the lead in the movement to enlarge? The Pilgrims and -Puritans of New England were the first to plant liberty, education -and religion on these shores; they were on the crest of the wave -that carried these blessings across the continent to the Pacific -slope; they were foremost in the great anti-slavery struggle; they -were in the van of the armies that fought for the unity of the -nation and the freedom of the slave; they were the first, through -this Association, to take the school and the Gospel to the Freedmen -at Fortress Monroe; and who but they should see the great need of -the hour, and step forth to meet it? - - * * * * * - - -SUMMARY OF THE TREASURER’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30TH, -1880. - - - RECEIPTS. - - From Churches, Sabbath Schools and - Individuals for General Fund $99,860.26 - Churches, S. Schs. and Ind’v’ls, - for Institutions and Missions 27,790.30 - Estates for General Fund 24,599.44 - Estates for Institutions 862.50——25,461.94 - Income of Sundry Funds 9,070.26 - Tuition and Public School Fund 15,119.59 - Rent 664.08 - Sales 378.18 - ——————————$178,344.61 - Donations for Tillotson C. and N. Institute - Building 7,594.65 - Donations for Athens School Building, Ala. 1,096.01 - Donations for Colored Refugees, Kansas 444.75 - —————————— - 187,480.02 - Balance on hand. Sept. 30th, 1879 1,475.90 - ——————————$188,955.92 - ——————————— - - EXPENSES. - - THE FREEDMEN.—For Church and Educational Work $130,929.82 - THE CHINESE.—Supt., Teachers and School Expenses 8,020.35 - THE INDIANS.—Missionaries and Teachers and - Student Aid 1,953.32 - FOREIGN MISSIONS.—Mendi Mission 11,802.78 - Jamaica Mission 450.00 - ————————— 12,252.78 - PUBLICATIONS.—American Missionary, Annual - Report, &c. 9,063.30 - COST OF COLLECTING FUNDS.—Boston Office 5,586.66 - Chicago Office 3,612.47 - Other Agencies 4,193.56 - —————————— 13,392.69 - COST OF ADMINISTRATION.— - Department of Correspondence 6,401.54 - Department of Treasury 4,127.73 - —————————— 10,529.27 - MISCELLANEOUS.—Estates and Legacies 99.11 - Annual Meeting 1,023.96 - Amounts paid Annuitants—balance 852.67 - Donations returned 54.92 - —————————— 2,030.66 - —————————— - 188,172.19 - Balance on hand, Sept. 30, 1880 783.73 - —————————— - 188,955.92 - ========== - STONE FUND.—Amount received from Mrs. Valeria - G. Stone at the hands of Trustees $150,000.00 - ARTHINGTON MISSION.—Donations received - from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th, 6,576.48 - AVERY FUND.—Amount received from Executor 408.92 - - * * * * * - -The receipts of Berea College, Hampton N. and A. Institute, and -Atlanta University, are added below, as presenting at one view the -contributions of the same constituency for the general work in -which the Association is engaged. - - Receipts of the A. M. A. $187,480.02 - Hampton N. & A. Inst. 57,014.73 - Atlanta University, State Appropriation 8,000.00 - Berea College 37,607.06 - —————————————$290,101.81 - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND ENLARGEMENT. - -Your Committee on Finance and Enlargement, to whom was referred the -financial exhibit of the Association for the fiscal year ending -Sept. 30, 1880, as presented by the Treasurer, beg leave to report -that they have examined the accounts and found them duly audited. -These accounts include a minute and detailed statement of receipts -and expenditures, a list of the endowments, and also a full account -of the property owned by the Association, and were accompanied by -the account books of the Treasurer. - -We are unanimous in vouching for the faithfulness and economy which -characterize all branches of the financial administration. Nor -can we refrain from a word of most emphatic commendation of the -thorough explicitness of the Association’s financial statement. - -But passing from this to the substance of the Report, we notice -three points suggested by it which seem to call for special mention. - -In the first place, it is ground for gratitude and thanksgiving -that the year closes without leaving us burdened with a debt. On -the contrary, there is a balance in the treasury of nearly eight -hundred dollars. Not a very large surplus, surely, but the fact -that the year’s work has been done and left us anything besides a -disheartening deficiency, is itself occasion for thankfulness and -cheer. - -In the second place, there is ground for anxiety, lest the -financial condition of the Association should be misunderstood. It -is well known that a gift of $150,000 has recently come into its -treasury. This fact, it is to be feared, has given, or may give, -the impression that the Association is, for the present at least, -in no further need of funds. We have already heard of one generous -friend who has withheld an intended gift through such an entire -misapprehension. And lest others should be similarly misled, it -seems to us important not only to state, but to emphasize the fact, -that this large gift _brings no relief whatever to the usual wants -of the Association_. It is not designed to do the work which the -Association is doing. This money is wholly appropriated to the -erection of new buildings for the increasing numbers of colored -students. It is to do nothing whatever towards meeting the ordinary -expenses of the Association’s work; nothing whatever towards -diminishing the necessity of aid which the Association is compelled -to seek from the Christian and the philanthropist. It cannot be -too clearly seen or too widely known, that so far as any augmented -power for doing its proper work is concerned, the Association is -not one whit better off for this gift of $150,000 than it would be -if not a dollar of it had been given. But, - -In the third place, this gift is itself a trumpet call for the -enlargement of the Association’s resources and work. It is simply -to erect new buildings for Fisk and Atlanta, at Talladega, New -Orleans and Tougaloo. These buildings will soon be filled with -students. That means the necessity for more teachers and more -pecuniary aid to those who need it. It means increased work for -the Association, and the necessity of increased funds with which -to do the work. In one word, it means _expansion_, _enlargement_. -God, Himself, is opening before us new furrows in hitherto untilled -fields. That is His own call upon us for more seed-corn, and more -labor for the enlarging harvest. He is building for us new homes -for the development of mental culture and Christian character among -the colored people of the South. Each one of these is a Divine -summons for such co-operation on our part as is necessary for the -best accomplishment of His designs. - -In conclusion, therefore, your Committee respectfully suggest the -adoption of the following resolution: - -“_Resolved_, While most gratefully acknowledging the prosperity -that has crowned our work through another year, we recognize and -accept that prosperity as itself a call from God for still larger -and more earnest work.” - - W. H. WILLCOX, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -WHY WE SHOULD ENLARGE. - -REV. L. T. CHAMBERLAIN, D.D., NORWICH, CONN. - -I have been invited to the privilege of additionally sustaining -the report of your Committee in their recommendation of an -enlargement of the work of this Association; and, as a member of -that Committee, I may say that we could not possibly have reported -otherwise than we did. I could not have read the record of this -last year, and have seen its events as our honored Secretary has -presented them, without feeling that the movement must be toward an -increase in every department. - -Sir, you were entirely right in drawing your inspiration in part -from the wonderful past. I, too, have recalled the years gone by, -and they seem to say, as with one voice, that the time has come for -the yet greater effort. My brethren, what a history sweeps back -from this thirty-fourth anniversary, to the day when, in this same -Commonwealth, the Amistad captives were bravely released, and an -additional impulse was given to the anti-slavery sentiment of the -participants! At that hour, the men who afterwards founded this -Association, looked out on a tumultuous sea of discouragements. -Themselves only a handful; the press absolutely unfriendly; the -market-place contemptuous; the State frowning; the Church in -general incredulous and silent; scarcely anything anywhere that -did not wear a hostile front. And then, at last, one missionary -commissioned and one teacher sent out; one paper persuaded into -partial support; a few dollars given into the treasury; and a few -steadfast souls pledging themselves to maintain the cause. But, -to-day, what a different record! A great, honored organization, -with an annual income approaching the fifth of a million; -three hundred and thirty ministers, missionaries and teachers; -seventy-six mission, and yet, for the most part, self-sustaining -churches; more than five thousand intelligent church members, and -nearly ten thousand pupils in the Sunday-schools; seventy-one -common schools, normal schools, colleges and theological -seminaries, with more than ten thousand eager and advancing -students. An organization that takes effective hold on four -millions of Freedmen, and then enlarges its bounds to take in the -resident and emigrant Chinese, and the tribes of original Indians. -An organization able to inspire the churches with missionary zeal, -and making even our national Government respect its requests and -its advice. - -What a review is that, and almost within the space of a single -generation. The success that has already been accomplished is -reason why, at the very outset, we may call you to a hopeful and an -enlarged interest in this work; for history is telling us to-day, -if she tells us anything, that it is not a hopeless thing to -attempt to provide efficiently for all the despised of our land. -And, let me say, I should not hesitate to make that hopeful appeal, -if there were no such glowing record to present. I would not change -the tone of it, though the years rolled back, and you and I stood -to-day where those men stood thirty and four years ago; for Christ -has said, “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,” and has said -distinctly that our neighbors are pre-eminently those who have -fallen among thieves and are lying wounded by the way. That simple -command is enough to assure us that our labor shall not be in vain. -You and I know whom we have believed, and we know that whatever He -commands is commanded in infinite wisdom and infinite love. We know -that what He says we are to do, it is possible to do, and that in -some way it shall be done. The stars in their courses, and earth, -and hell, may fight against Christ, but sooner or later He is to -reign. - -Therefore, when the Master calls us, his requirement is enough to -warrant us in our advance. On that simple requirement, backed by, -and reflected in, the impulse of every regenerate soul, you may -ground your missionary motive. That is the corner-stone on which, -with abiding cheer and infinite courage, the missionary, and every -friend of missions, may build forever. Therefore, while we have -this firm foundation, and all the more that we have it, it is for -us to note the actual progress that has been made. While we recur -to these absolute considerations, let us not, through any attempt -at unnecessary heroism, forget the fulfillment that has already -been vouchsafed to the promise and to the command of Christ. - -And now that I am speaking of motives, let me say that I cannot -conceal my feeling that, with special and peculiarly appealing -considerations, God is binding upon us the work for the so-called -alien races of this country. Let me illustrate. Here, for -example, are four millions of _Freedmen_—strange designation for -the inhabitants of a Republic that has already celebrated its -centennial! Suppose that a stranger to our history should ask us -the meaning of it, what must be our confession? Why this, and -nothing else: that the ancestors of those Freedmen, by fraud, and -violence were wrested from their distant and native land; that -for two centuries they were held in sheer and open bondage; that -they were denied the commonest rights of humanity; bought and -sold like beasts of the field; debarred from the privileges of -education and true Christian instruction; that, while their toil -went to build the colleges and schools and churches of the dominant -race, they were left without any reward but the desolation of -their bondage; that, when they piteously plead, their appeal was -met with derision; that, when they respectfully protested, the -protest was crushed back with blows and curses; that when they -ventured to resist, the resistance was answered unto death, with -lashes and bullets and the fangs of pursuing hounds; that manhood -was deliberately degraded among them; womanhood was well-nigh -obliterated; truthfulness was made dangerous for them, and chastity -absolutely impossible; and then at last, that to keep them in such -a bondage, the whole power of the National Government was pledged -and put forth; that, by Constitution interpreted and special laws -enacted, by military might and civic decree, by private volition -and public compulsion, it came to pass that there was not one -spot of safety for them in all the land over which floated the -flag of their country; that, in their effort to escape from their -bondage, not a single door might lawfully be opened to them, nor -any hearth-stone give them shelter; but, taking the pole-star for -their guide, they must flee from the Republic to the land of a king -or queen. - -Pardon me that I have opened the record. I confess it makes me -sick at heart. With you I wish it had never been enacted; with you -I wish it might be buried to-day in the deepest depths of oblivion. -But I tell you, when we stand, as we do practically to-day, in the -face of those men, and in the face of God who made us and them -of one image and of one blood, we have no right to forget that -guilty past. It is one of the mighty motives that are still to be -invoked in their behalf. Like the blood of Abel, it cries to us -for atonement. It says to us to-day, “In your nation, aided and -abetted by you or your fathers, under your flag, that wrong was -inflicted; and until that wrong is thoroughly righted, neither the -remembrance nor the cry can be allowed to pass.” It says that you -owe them every reparation in your power; that they have a valid -lien on every dollar of your property, and on every possible degree -of your culture. It is not enough that you have made them free—to -have denied that would have been to perpetuate the wrong itself. -It is not enough that you have given them the franchise—that in -itself were a barren gift. Give them the rather that manhood that -was their birth-right withheld. Lift them up, if you can, into -truthfulness and purity, intelligence and industry; make them free -with the freedom of the Gospel of Christ, and then that past may be -forgotten. - -And brethren, I make an appeal of that same sort to-day for the -Indian and the Chinese;—the Indian, abused, deceived, made a fool -of; a nominally Christian civilization degrading him beyond even -his original degradation. And the Chinese, in that part of the land -where they have chosen to dwell, despised, defrauded, spit upon. -My claim is that whatever appeal you propose to disregard, it is -not becoming for you to turn a deaf ear to those whom you have so -foully wronged. - -Moreover,—and I beg you to ponder this also,—you owe a debt of -gratitude, in the case of the Freedmen at least,—with whom this -Association is chiefly concerned,—that has not yet been discharged. -And now, is it imagined that I am speaking of something far-fetched -and fanciful? Does any body suppose that I am about to summon you -by a visionary and distant appeal? Or, if anyone guess wherein -it is claimed that that debt consists, is it supposed that time -has made that claim no longer valid? Some may so reflect; I -cannot share the feeling, for I cannot so easily forget the days -and the months when the scales of our national destiny hung in -equipoise, or seemed to vibrate towards the nation’s overthrow. It -seems incredible, I know, but such was the fact. We had put forth -what appeared to us well-nigh the last resource for the national -defense; on every side the prospect was dark; it seemed sometimes -as if we should be driven to question whether we were not doomed -to overthrow—the heavens black above us, the billows rolling, and -the very earth beneath our feet trembling and being moved. For the -enemy smote us in the field and the traitor betrayed us at home. -And you remember with what unspeakable thankfulness we then saw -those who had suffered so much at the nation’s hands coming to our -rescue, forgetting their personal wrongs, and fighting for the flag -that had hitherto been to them an object of dread. You remember -with what eagerness we offered them at last their freedom, lest -the enemy should offer it to them before us. Why, what were we -not willing to pledge, and to do, for the Freedmen in those days? -We felt that they were helping us to save this Republic, and that -the balance of power was in their hands; and did we mistake? Does -history say that in the excitement we misread the facts? No, the -after events proved the correctness of our thought; and it stands -written in simple, imperishable lines to-day, that among the -saviors of the country, there were none more deserving than those -of darker skin, who forgot their wrongs and stood in the breach for -you and me. - - * * * * * - -And so it comes to pass that, not only in obedience to the command -of Christ but by _the threefold consideration_ of _repairing a -wrong_, and _paying a debt_, and _averting a danger_, we are -called to the continuance and the enlargement of the work of this -Association. - -I have suggested two lines of action, parallel and coincident; the -one educational, and the other strictly religious. I want to say -to you now, that the inspiration for those movements must come -in large measure from the Christian North; for, if you ask the -South to be wholly responsible for her own improvement, then you -ask reformation to precede itself, and a disordered and perverse -sentiment to be its own awakener and its own corrective. Should -you suppose that a nation of Freedmen, after two centuries of -bondage, would have the sufficient desire for improvement, not to -say the means adequate for its accomplishment? I deem it to be -perfectly clear that this Association is right in thinking that one -great part of its work is in laying the foundations, and affording -the facilities, for increased instruction among the Freedmen. -It is undoubted good sense, I take it, to establish here and -there a common school, and here and there a normal school, and a -moderate number of colleges, to the end that in them, during this -formative period of the Freedman’s life, you may train his future -teachers,—not attempting to make the way of mental improvement -over-easy; not attempting any pampering plan of encouragement; -but simply affording opportunity to those who will struggle and -practice self-denial. God bless the institutions at Hampton, and -Carlisle, and Berea, and Nashville, and Atlanta, and Talladega, -and New Orleans, and Tougaloo, and that institution that has the -good fortune, sir, to have you for its presiding officer (Howard -University). For, do you know it? the former students of those very -institutions are to-day teaching one hundred thousand of their own -countrymen. - -And then the religious work, the saving of souls—what a call for -enlargement in that work! for that underlies even the educational -work. Every teacher I know is an ardent and an earnest worker for -Christ, and all your attempt is to make the way to education, -the way to the cross of Christ; but, besides that, there is the -preaching of the Gospel, and the gathering of churches, and the -opening of Sunday-schools. I used to wonder why you asked us to -preach to the Freedmen. Were they not already religious? Were they -not gathered in churches? But I came to know the terrible fact -that religion among the Freedmen, was not the religion of the -understanding mind and the consecrated heart, but, rather, in the -olden time, of uninstructed impulse and uncontrollable passion; and -to-day the prevailing testimony concerning those old-time churches -is, that in them religion is not founded on a regenerate, or even a -moral, life. - -What a task then, to lift up those millions—more difficult, I -sometimes think, than the conversion of the original heathen! And -yet it must be done—done for the sake of the souls who else will -perish in their sins; done for the sake of this country that we -love; done, first and last and always, by thoroughly Christian -instrumentalities; and yet done under motives that take hold on the -concerns of our national welfare. Therefore, my friends, count all -the past progress in this direction only the signal and the token -of your future success and triumph. If to-day the doors are opened -wide, let us, in the Master’s name, go up and possess this land for -Him, and for the future of our united and Christian Republic. - -So much for this land. And what shall I say of Africa, that dark -continent beyond the seas? I think of Africa, and the longing burns -in my soul, that out of the uplifted negroes there may speedily be -trained those who shall carry Divine light into the very depths -of her darkness. Is not Africa actually reaching out her hands to -this Association, and to us who have in our care so many of her -children? You say, ‘the last to be enlightened.’ I grant it; but, -I assure you, God has a great future for that continent. Who shall -say that there, there will not yet be developed a civilization -and a manifestation of Christianity, the most bountiful, the most -beautiful, of them all? - -Ah, my friends, the cry comes to us not merely from Africa! This -call for enlargement is wider still; it is from the four quarters -of the globe. For the work is all one; and you will find, if you -think of it, that the solidarity of the race, the oneness of the -kingdom of Christ, is in the appeal that is made through this -Association. The considerations of an illimitable future join with -those of the present. The new heavens and the new earth await our -preparation for their advent. Christ, in His kingly glory, is -summoning us to the conflict and the conquest. Let us advance in -His name. With unlimited devotion let us give, let us pray, let us -work. For once hath God spoken, yea, twice have I heard it, to God -belongs the power, even as to Him shall be the glory forever. - - * * * * * - - -SACRIFICIAL LIVING AND GIVING. - -REV. AUGUSTUS F. BEARD, D.D., SYRACUSE, N. Y. - -The kingdom of Heaven, in its ways, has many similitudes in the -kingdom of nature. The law of the universe is, the giving of the -lower for the sake of the higher. The worlds are built on the -principle of sacrifice. At the bottom of the scale, we have, for -example, lifeless matter. But this is put under contribution to -force, and simple matter is organized into systems. And this giving -comes under a law; we call it gravitation. Then this in turn comes -under contribution to what is called a law of chemical affinity, -and matter is diversified, and enters into many combinations -in advance of what was. The forces, of which light and heat, -electricity and magnetism, are different forms, also expend -themselves. Then there is a step up by the contribution of what -was, to this end, and we have the first organic process, vegetable -life and its forces. The soil under these influences gives -vegetable life, giving up a part of itself for a higher end. The -vegetable, in turn, gives itself for the animal, and the human soul -finds these all in sacrificial contribution to itself, every one -giving for that which is higher, to lead up to the highest. Nature -is packed through and through with illustrations of this. Thus -the worlds are built upon this law. By the law of sacrifice, the -lower rises into that which is higher. So Christ taught us it is, -and is to be, in the realm of the soul. He taught us by word, by -deed, by example, that sacrifice is not only the highest, the most -satisfying, the most exhaustive expression of love, but is God’s -way for man to reach up to God. It was the climax of this law that -found expression in the gift of Christ, and we but follow God’s -law in Christ’s way, when we are ready to sacrifice lower good for -higher good, to bring into contribution lesser things for greater -things. And life rises to its highest when it is sacrificial in its -self-abnegations; in its renunciations, when souls are uplifted -into heroic sufferings and self denials. In wives for husbands, in -husbands for wives, in parents for children, in patriotic soldiers, -in Christian philanthropists. Men who incarnate their love in -sacrifice rise by their giving. They reach to nobleness upon the -“stepping-stone of their dead selves.” They put off earthiness and -put on heavenliness. It is God’s law from lowest to highest. That -which thou sowest is not quickened except it _die_. To give is to -live. - -So we come to the Christian’s highest doctrine. It is that of the -cross. We sing “In the cross of Christ we glory.” We accept it as -the chief doctrine of our religion. We see the grandest exhibition -of it when Christ gave himself for the sake of a greater good than -could be if he did not give himself; and we teach that it is the -personal reception of this which is _the_ mark of one who has a -right to wear the name of Christ. To this doctrine the churches -hold. Christians subscribe to it. We stoutly contend for it. - -But now for our interpretations of this doctrine. When the -exigencies of the world and the demands of a spreading Gospel -call for willing hearts, to what degree do we find the principle -in cordial and worthy practice? How many are the reasons for self -indulgence! How ready to hide out of sight the great central -doctrine when appeals come for its practical application! How -arrangements are made in churches to cajole out of Christians -what they will not give on principle! Who does not know many a -church that squeezes out its charities,—if not a good part of -its miserable support,—by fairs and festivals, by some wretched -subterfuge in which one shall seem to get value received and make -no sacrifice, to replenish its exchequer by tricks which appeal -to no Christian principle. And how often churches come before the -world, which they should be dying to save, as objects themselves of -the world’s charities, dying to be saved. That which is ordained to -be a dispenser of Christ-like benevolence and to develop the spirit -of sacrifice, cannot rise into anything higher if it ignores the -_only law by which it can rise_. The call for enlargement is the -call for sacrifice. It is a call that religion shall not alone be a -theory to be preached, but a life to be manifested. - -* * * * * The call for enlargement of Christian work from every -portion of the world, is a call to _all_. There appears to be -no great lack of Christian men and women to go anywhere, to do -anything for Christ. But how shall they go except they be sent? And -here comes with emphatic intensiveness the appeal of Providence -(and I hope with it may be heard the appeal of the Holy Spirit), -that those who are engaged in other departments of life shall not -forget _their_ service. Let me say it plainly, what is needed -now more than men, is _money_, the consecration of property, the -sacrificial life in men who accumulate property. I do not think -that there is a more universally unpopular theme to discourse about -than money. If we preach about the giving of men, the church weeps -and prays, and says “Amen.” But when we preach about the giving -of money, how many meet this at least with a mental shrug, and do -not love to have the Lord’s days made common and unclean with the -money question? That which they have been seeking for all the week -should not be dragged in too often on the day set apart for _rest_. -But if we pause a moment, we shall remember how full the Bible is -of directions about giving, and how much of the Lord’s teaching -had reference to a right use of money. The unprofitable servant -“dug in the earth and hid his Lord’s money.” Ruskin, I think, -somewhere says that we, in the spiritual application of this, say -that, of course, this doesn’t mean _money_. It means wit, it means -intellect, it means influence in high quarters, it means everything -in the world except itself. And a very pleasant come-off there is -for the most of us in this spiritual application. Of course, if we -had wit, we would use it for the benefit of our fellow creatures. -But we haven’t wit. If we had influence, we would use _that_. But -we are without political power. It is true we have a little money; -but the parable can’t possibly mean anything so vulgar as money. - -And yet it does mean what it says, plain money, good, hard, honest -money. We are not to “hide the Lord’s money.” So also the parable -of the talents means money, and we are to accept the meaning on its -own terms, and not to dodge away under a metaphor. - -If one man is richer than others, he has more “talents” to -account for; and to use another’s words, “what he has acquired -is the measure of what he owes.” Why is one man richer than -another; that he may higher arch his own gates, pave better his -own threshold, enrich more gorgeously his own chambers with all -manner of costliness? No doubt, as a steward he may rejoice in his -stewardship, but do we remember in just what catalogue inspiration -places covetousness? Has any Christian a right to live for self, to -cling to riches for self-aggrandizement, to consume riches upon his -own lusts or set at naught the infinite urgency _of the world’s_ -wants? No, friends. There is a kind of justice in a certain -thought of communism. God’s law of life is a law of service. No -man has a right under Christ’s law of life to heap up riches in -order to lord it over men, only to serve them. Ye have heard, said -Christ, how, among the Gentiles, they that will be great exercise -authority; they use their strength to exact from others, but it -shall not be so among you. He that will be great among you, let him -serve others, and be ye ministers even as Christ came not to be -ministered unto, but to minister. And no one has a right to hoard -for self-aggrandizement, or to use wealth to exact from others, -and communism with all its wrongs has a truth here, but when those -who have, use to bless those who have not, then that is the way -of Christ. When causes like this before us call for enlargement, -there is money enough which should be in the Lord’s treasury. It is -there. It is the Lord’s. He gave the quickness of apprehension, the -clearness of judgment, the strength of will which secures it. - - * * * * * - - -WORKING OUT THE EQUATION. - -DISTRICT SECRETARY POWELL. - -It is the dictate of economy that we push the Southern work of -this Association. It is cheaper to fight ignorance and crime with -Christian education, than to fight their certain outcome with -military and police force. It is vastly cheaper to settle the -bills for the services of the Christian teacher now, than to meet -the settlement of accumulated wrongs in the outbreak of a war or -rebellion by and by. And this is a kind of settlement that must -be met. There is in the universe a law of recompense; God in the -government of the world is always working out equations. He may -require centuries to bring about the result; if so, he takes them. -Men are not far-sighted enough to see the outcome. The wicked grow -bold and defiant and boastful because of punishment delayed, while -the righteous for the same reason are led to cry out, “How long, oh -Lord! how long shall wickedness be allowed to go unrebuked?” but -all the while the law of recompense is filling out the equation. -The eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth principle is rolling up -the answer. Only give it time, and right shall have triumphant, -though it may be terrible, vindication. In the case of individuals, -the working of this law is not so evident, because retribution -follows them beyond the grave, but in the case of nations, since -they have no other life than in this world, settlement must take -place here; and it never fails. The sins of the fathers are visited -upon the children even to the third and fourth generations, and -there is no escaping the visitations. - -I might appeal to the history of nations, the record of whose -career has been completed, in illustration of this, but a pertinent -illustration can be found nearer home, even in our own country. -This nation cherished and protected by law the institution -of slavery. With an open Bible in the land, with Protestant -Christianity in the ascendancy, with the light of a free Gospel -shining upon all questions of morals, with the sentiment of -enlightened Christendom smiting heavily the iniquity of the sin; -nay, with a constitution for its government, a preamble which -declared that all men were created free and equal; right in the -face of all this, and despite all this, the giant iniquity and -monstrous contradiction was fostered and protected by the law of -the land. But the equation was working out. The day of reckoning at -length came, and, in the settlement, justice exacted full payment. - -In his second inaugural address, President Lincoln expressed the -sentiment, that, if it were God’s will for the war to continue -“till the wealth piled up by two hundred and fifty years of -unrequited toil of the bondmen be sunk, and every drop of blood -drawn by the lash be repaid by another drawn by the sword, as it -was said three thousand years ago, so must it still be said, ‘The -judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.’” This -sentiment was prophetic, and ere the war ended the prophecy had -been more than realized by literal fulfillment. Just see how it -was fulfilled. Henry Clay once said that taking the slaves as they -were—old and young, sick and disabled—the average value was about -five hundred dollars per slave. The money value, at this estimate, -of the four and a half million emancipated, would be two billion, -two hundred and fifty million dollars. This amount, at ten per -cent. interest for thirty years, or one generation, would yield, -as value created by slave labor, six billion seven hundred and -fifty million dollars, which amount, added to the market value of -the slaves, makes the enormous sum of nine billion dollars, as -representing the wealth “piled up by the unrequited toil of the -bondmen,” and held by the oppressors in utter defiance of justice -and right. - -Nine billion dollars! Can it be that amount was sunk in the war? -The answer is yes, and at least six hundred and fifty million -dollars more! I take the figures from a responsible source, and -they are these: To put down the rebellion it cost the North four -billion seven hundred million dollars. To sustain the rebellion it -cost the South two billion seven hundred million dollars; add now -to this the market value of the slaves emancipated, two billion two -hundred and fifty million dollars, and we have, as the total, nine -billion six hundred and fifty million dollars, which this nation -spent in order to rid itself of the curse of slavery. That was the -equation in dollars. As to the equation in blood, justice was even -more severe in the exaction. Every drop of blood drawn by the lash, -it is no exaggeration to say, exacted for its canceling, not a drop -merely, but a stream. A million graves moistened by the blood of -those who fell on the field of battle, to say nothing of the blood -that ran from the bodies of the wounded millions who survived, gave -fearful emphasis to the divine equation. The wealth piled up by the -bondmen’s unrequited toil was sunk, and much more in addition; the -blood drawn by the lash was more than canceled by the blood drawn -by the sword, and still, even in the presence of these awful facts, -we are compelled to say, “The judgments of the Lord are true and -righteous altogether.” - -It would have been vastly cheaper, we can now see, for this nation -to have paid every dollar of the money valuation of the slaves, -and set them free before the war; it would have been better still -had the iniquity been stamped out at the very formation of the -Government, and this because right demanded it. But unfortunately, -the standard of our national legislation has been expediency, not -right, and under this cover slavery unwisely admitted within the -defenses of our constitution, has proved to be the Trojan horse -whence has issued so large a part of our national woes. And now, -shall we heed the lesson this dearly bought experience teaches? -The negro problem is by no means yet solved. There are questions -pertaining to his social and political rights not yet answered. -Let this nation try to answer them on any other ground than a full -recognition of the negro’s rights as a man, and it will again come -into controversy with Jehovah, and again be called sooner or later -to pay the penalty of disobedience, dollar for dollar, blood for -blood, over and over and over again. It pays for the nation to -do right every time, and it does not pay for it to do anything -else. Having made these people free, justice and self-interest say -“educate them,” and it will prove as a matter of mere economy, far -cheaper to do this now than to meet the bills that by and by must -be paid in blood and money when God shall take the matter in hand -to fill out the equation. - - * * * * * - - - - -THE FREEDMEN. - -REV. JOS. E. ROY, D.D., - -FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK. - -* * * * We note with pleasure the growing interest in our schools, -and approval of them, by the best people of the South and the -public men of the North; the recent erection of a fine building -for Tillotson Institute, at Austin, Texas; the munificent gift of -$150,000 by Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, to be expended in putting up -additional buildings, greatly needed for institutions which have -outgrown their present accommodations; the recent acceptance by -Christian workers of high standing and rare fitness, of positions -in our Southern field; the successful development of industrial -methods in many of our best schools, notably at Hampton, Tougaloo, -and Memphis; the influence of our institutions on the colored -people, as seen in their interest in education, their willingness -to endure self-denial as teachers, their hopeful, dispassionate -and sensible utterances on their prospects and duties, and their -courageous self-support; and once again, and most of all, do we -note rejoicingly the prevailing religious sentiment that fills our -schools and the colored communities which they reach, with its -deep, quiet, but melodious undertone. Surely there is reason, in -all these considerations, for profound thankfulness to God. - -We are impressed with the call in the Secretary’s Annual Report for -enlargement. With the added facilities now providentially given and -soon to be enjoyed, in the shape of new buildings at Austin, New -Orleans, Nashville, Tougaloo, and Atlanta, there is a necessity for -larger contributions for the education of the increased numbers -to be accommodated. Similar facilities are loudly called for by -the growth of schools at other points, and the Report suggests -the need of new schools in Kansas and Arkansas. We cannot forget -that the second grade of education will not be complete till these -institutions are properly endowed, and the students, coming out of -poverty-stricken homes, receive annually, either from scholarships -or personal gifts, the small sums necessary to supplement their own -earnings, and so to make their education possible. - -Especially do we recognize the need at this juncture, of more -efficient theological training. Our church work cannot prosper -unless educated colored men are raised up to act as missionaries -and pastors. The theological training now given, is, from the want -of proper facilities,—with the exception, perhaps, of the work at -Howard University, where the Presbyterians share in the support of -the department,—of the most meagre and unsatisfactory character. We -greatly wish that some large-hearted Christian givers might find it -their privilege suitably to endow the theological schools already -existing, that they might become, in all respects, for the colored -students of the South, what Andover, Chicago and other similar -schools are for the white students of the North. - -Respectfully submitted by your Committee. - - ADDISON P. FOSTER, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. - -REV. ADDISON P. FOSTER, JERSEY CITY, N. J. - -We have all noticed that of late public attention has been much -drawn to the need of universal education in this land as a means of -national safety. That book to which reference has been made several -times in this meeting, and which every thoughtful man must read if -he would inform himself in regard to the trend of popular thought -to-day, “A Fool’s Errand,” by Judge Tourgee, concludes with an -argument for the need of national education in these words: - -“The remedy for darkness is light; for ignorance, knowledge; for -wrong, righteousness. * * * Make the spelling-book the sceptre of -national power. Let the nation educate the colored man and the -poor white man, because the nation held them in bondage and is -responsible for their education. Educate the voter because the -nation cannot afford that he should be ignorant. * * * Honest -ignorance in the masses is more to be dreaded than malevolent -intelligence in the few.” - -To the same effect are the words of our honored President Hayes, in -his speech at Canton, Ohio, on the 1st of September last: “Ignorant -voters are powder and balls for the demagogues. In the present -condition of our country, universal education requires the aid of -the General Government.” * * * * * * - -Education, then, is called for. But the danger that specially -attacks us is in the South. * * * There is more than twenty per -cent. of illiteracy all through the Southern portion of our land. -* * * But this illiteracy is largest, unquestionably, among those -who are black. It has been stated that in one of our Southern -States ninety per cent. of the colored people are illiterate; in -another, ninety-one per cent.; in another, ninety-three per cent.; -in another, ninety-five per cent.; and in Mississippi and Texas -ninety-six per cent. Eighty-eight per cent. of the entire colored -people in the South are illiterate—or were in 1870; undoubtedly it -has changed somewhat since. - -We are to labor, then, in our desire to secure popular education, -especially among the blacks, and through the blacks we are to reach -the whites. * * * But, as we educate the blacks, we ask ourselves, -What sort of education shall it be? And I would say, it must be a -Christian education. It can be nothing else if it is to accomplish -its work. Public men, speaking on political subjects, refer only -to a secular education. It is well that they should enforce that -and insist upon it; but were we to content ourselves with secular -education alone, we should make the most grievous mistake of the -century. It is impossible to rely upon secular education for the -saving of the nation; we must make it a Christian education as well. - -Look at the influences of a merely secular education as seen in -biography and history. What has the highest secular education done -for men? It has made them simply one-sided, imperfect specimens -of manhood, deformed and dwarfed in some of those most essential -characteristics that give a man influence here, and happiness -hereafter. A man like Hume could defend suicide. Highly-trained -intellects like those of Voltaire and Rousseau could advocate -licentiousness, both by word and by life. Men and women like J. -S. Mill, George H. Lewes, George Eliot, and that gifted but vile -woman, Sara Bernhardt, have traduced the idea of marriage, and -put a stigma upon the purest relationship that God has given to -earth. Education, mere intellectual training, has done nothing -for the morals of these people. There was a prisoner executed -a few years since in the State of New York, whose great grief -before his execution for the terrible crime of murder, was that he -could not live long enough to complete a very learned work which -he was preparing on some science. And even the honored State of -Massachusetts has on its criminal record the name of a professor in -one of its highest institutions of learning who committed murder in -a moment of passion. - -Look at history, if you will, and is not the record the same? Take -such nations as Greece, for example,—that wonderful land that -reached the highest perfection in culture, in history, in song and -in eloquence. Yet that land was sunk in the depths of impurity, -and some of the crimes that were prevalent in those days I would -not dare to mention in your presence. Take Rome,—that wonderful -city, that ennobled the idea of law, that produced such marvelous -intellects in the Augustan age. Yet in the very triumph of its -intellect, as the capstone of intellectual pride went on to that -magnificent temple of literature, the foundations of national -virtue were rotten to the core and began to tremble, and presently -the whole structure fell in ruins. - -I tell you, my friends, there is no safety in mere secular -education; it must be Christian as well. We need to put education -into the control of principle; otherwise our education may simply -give us a certain evil power over other men, and eventually bring -ruin upon us. We need to put principle in control in order that -whatever we may know shall be turned in the direction of purity, of -uprightness and of helpfulness to our fellow-men. And so here, if -we are to have an education for the blacks, or an education for the -land, we must not content ourselves with what has been called for -by these public men. - -I say, then, that just here the work of this Association comes -in. However much may be done by others, however much a secular -education may attempt to accomplish, it can never cover the ground -that is absolutely necessary. We have a secular education in the -North, and it is doing much, but it has never done a religious -work; nor will it ever do such in the future. We cannot expect -that it should; and we feel a peculiar sensitiveness in this -matter,—perhaps a sensitiveness that is not too great. We cannot -trust the State to educate our young religiously. I, for one, -confess a profound distrust of all State universities. I too often -have seen those universities, in their attempt to be non-sectarian, -ministering to the interests of that intensest of sectaries—the -infidel. I will go even further than this, although I may carry but -few of you with me in this conviction. I fear the methods of higher -education in our high schools are not always what they should be. -I have too often seen those who were the disciples of Huxley and -Tyndall in science, and of Spencer and of Taine in sociology, -literature and history, teaching their pupils doctrines that were -insidious in their religious influence. I should be glad for one to -see a return to the old-time academy system of New England, under -which students who valued education enough to pay for it, were -taught all branches of a higher learning on a Christian foundation, -and trained first of all and most of all in character building. - -But whatever you may say in regard to this matter, I am sure that -I shall carry you with me in this conviction, that in the South, -in our labor among the blacks, our institutions must be of this -character and can be of no other. We must have institutions that -shall furnish Christian homes. Those who come to our institutions, -come from places where they have no such Christian training as -have most of those who are in public schools in this more favored -portion of the land; and those in the South, if they are to have -a Christian training at all, must have it in schools that are -under the management of Christian men, in chartered and endowed -institutions, cared for by Christian boards of trustees. It is this -Association that is doing precisely this kind of work; and this -Association and others like it will, I firmly believe, be called on -by God for years to come to labor with the same devotedness as they -have in the past for the salvation of the land. - -My friends, our land is in danger. I am profoundly moved with an -anxiety for a land which should be dearer to us than life. It has -seemed to me, as I have looked over this broad extent of country, -that there were flames of fraud and violence springing up here and -there, that were working disaster to our republic, and that would -in time—if we may judge by the history of other republics that have -been similarly controlled by evil influences, as France in the last -century and Spain in this, and Greece and Rome in the centuries -gone by—bring this our beloved land to wreck and ruin. And yet -we have a God above, and He has given us methods of fighting the -flames. - -This summer the woods of New Jersey were all ablaze, and the -farmers went out into the forests to fight the fire that they might -save their homes and their property from desolation; and the method -they pursued was this: to build against those fires a back fire -that should rage more furiously and destroy the other flame as it -advanced. It is your business and mine to - - “Take up the torch of truth - And wave it wide,” - -to take up this blessed Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and carry -it all through the South, and touch points here and there until at -length we have the fires blazing all over the land, and ignorance -is dispersed in the light of the Gospel. Already, in almost -every Southern State, these fires are lighted and the work goes -gloriously on. Let us not lose heart, but thank God that He has -given us the privilege of joining in this grand work. - - * * * * * - - -A SAMPLE STATE. - -PRES. H. S. DE FOREST, TALLADEGA, ALA. - -Our Southern States are so much alike, our work, its difficulties, -its successes, its necessities are so similar, that a view of one -part of the Southern Field will stand for all. Burke’s study motto, -“From one learn all,” I think is applicable to the question before -us. If, therefore, for the few minutes I am before you, I shall -speak of one State only, and of the work of the Association in that -State, it is not because it is more important than in neighboring -States, nor because the work is more hopeful, but because for a few -months I have been learning something there of our need and of our -opportunities. - -On that map, you see Georgia facing east to the sunrise, and -northward toward New England. Behind Georgia, with its back close -to Mississippi, where flows the Yazoo river, is the State of -Alabama, in which about half of the population is colored. Ten -years ago there were 475,510 colored men there, when our entire -population was not quite one million. If we now look at the field, -its condition is, perhaps, what you might expect. Bear in mind that -there were no free schools there until after the reconstruction; -that our New England ideas are exotics and grow there with -difficulty; that twenty years ago, these colored men were all -slaves and it was a crime to teach them; and you are prepared to -believe such facts as these. Of our black population of nearly -500,000 there are 168,000 of school age; and now you ask how many -after seventeen years of freedom are cared for. Recent statistics -show that of this number there were 54,000 enrolled as pupils and -40,000 in actual attendance. You see a company of black youth on -the street, and there is about one in three of them on the road -to school, and about one in four who will enter the school-house. -School-houses with us are not as numerous as at the West. On -that grand and growing frontier, the white painted school-house -anticipates the coming of the settler, and often the first building -put up is a hall for learning. You may go through that dark -State of Alabama, and travel far and wide, and not see a public -school-house. Alphabetically Alabama leads the van of the States. -She does not, however, in letters. The entire school year is about -eighty-two days, and the teachers are paid upon an average $22.65 a -month. We have never come to the taxing of property for education. -Nothing but the poll tax of our State goes for our free schools, -and the black man’s head-tax goes for the colored schools, and the -white man’s head-tax for the white schools. You are prepared to -believe, then, that our appropriation for each pupil is only $1.06. -That is about two cents a week per pupil. - -It is evident, then, that education is at a low ebb in that dark -State of Alabama; and such as we have, bear in mind, is the growth -of the last twenty years. It is an infusion of Northern ideas and -Northern civilization; and these first friends of learning must -be its friends still. Just now I remember calling but a few weeks -since at an important point where two railroads cross each other, -where iron and coal lie side by side, where different forms of -industry,—blast furnaces and machine shops—are going up, and it is -a place of great prospective importance that we ought at once to -occupy. I called upon the county superintendent of education, a -rebel colonel, I think six feet and more in height. He seemed to -look down upon me. I am sure he did when I announced myself from -Talladega. He at once branded me with “N.T.”—that means a Negro -Teacher, with two g’s in the word Negro. I asked him concerning the -education of the black man in that growing town. He said he knew -very little of it; he paid out ninety dollars of public money for -a teacher, but he knew nothing more. Said he, “We don’t think much -of nigger education here.” It almost took my breath away. I said -to him there might be others in the town who had different views -of negro education, and asked him if there was not some friend of -liberty with whom I might speak; and he replied, “We have not much -of the nigger about us;” and I went out. Now it is very evident, my -friends, that the work of education, so imperative, must be carried -forward by Northern consecration still. - -Well, if you now turn from our intellectual need to our industrial -wants, I can show you a State whose mines and hills are full of -treasure, where forest trees grow in rank luxuriance, where our -cotton fields are sufficient to wrap half America in their folds. -And yet our homes are mean and miserable, and dark and dirty, and -there is physical want and physical poverty and physical distress. -You tell me the black man is indolent. I say yes, but he is among -a lazy generation. You tell me the black man is thriftless, and -I say yes, but he is among a shiftless race. It is true that the -industrial idea of those Southern States must be carried forward, -and we must do it. - -But the wants that I have referred to thus far are not our most -serious need. We come to manhood, to morality, to Christian virtue, -and there, brethren, we are just where you might suspect. Bear -in mind, it is but a few years since slavery, the sum and the -mother of villainies, was sustained by the law and defended by the -pulpit. The piety and the morality of the colored people have been -strangely divorced. As was said here yesterday, we are not opposed -by skepticism. I grant it; we can subscribe to the whole catechism -and take it in bodily, with one exception, and that exception is -the Ten Commandments. - -Now, “from one,” as Burke said, “learn all.” Let me tell you -two or three facts that in my mind stand for a great deal. -Recently a Doctor of Divinity, a foremost man in the Southern -Presbyterian church, told me that near the city where he lives he -has a plantation where he often spends a few days at a time, and -preaches. That minister, like others, wants his Aaron and Hur about -him. There is a church established there, and on his right hand was -a colored minister, and on the left a deacon. That minister had -three living wives. That deacon was a butcher, and lately there -were dug up out of his barnyard the skins of fifteen cattle that he -had stolen. - -The facts concerning Southern churches are not well recognized, I -suspect, at the North. A recent letter from one of our most trusted -young men, told me that where he was working this summer as a -teacher there are two colored churches, and that a woman, excluded -from one of them on the Lord’s day because of her gross immorality, -was on the next Sabbath received into the other church without a -letter; and this represents the type of Southern black piety. - -Brethren, I have come to believe that the seventy-three -Congregational churches that you have planted there stand like -light-houses in the midst of surrounding darkness. And another fact -means much to my mind. When the census agents were with us, and our -young men were arranged in the parlor for convenience, the officers -asked them their fathers’ names. Some of the young men blushed as -they gave them, and others handed them in on bits of paper. Young -men of high character, students in our theological seminary, were -born out of wedlock. They blushed at the infamy, and their blushing -was because of Anglo-Saxon blood that was wickedly in their veins. -I tell you, brethren, if you should reverse the course of the -Queen of the South, and instead of going to the North you should -go to the South, you would say with her, though in a different -sense, that the half had not been told. It is fair to believe, -then, that the Christian work of the South is most imperative, and -I am glad to turn from the wants of the field to something of our -undertakings. * * * * * * - -Is it strange, then, that those of us who are allowed once more -to face the front, and go personally into the conflict hand to -hand, are looking Northward for supplies? I can remember, when -we stood there in hours of need, how the Northern people did not -withhold munitions of war or what was necessary for our comfort. -We are engaged in the same warfare, and we need a large supply of -munitions. - -It is not seven days since, at New Haven, under the elms that -shade Yale College, I saw light-bearers in martial array passing -through the streets, and, when the band struck up the music that I -heard once on the tented field at the South, my heart grew large. -When I saw the marshaling of soldiers as in battle array, I thought -of what I had seen at Cold Harbor, at Drury’s Bluff, at Richmond, -and at Petersburg. They went on in the mimicry of war with mounted -men, and my heart was full. But soon came a noble battalion of -black men, side by side, step by step with their brethren, looking -as grand as any of them, with their lighted torches going on -towards the front. I saw there a parable. There is Alabama and the -South, there is the Dark Continent with a sixth of the population -of the globe, 186,000,000 waiting for the Gospel. Now, then, shall -we fill those torches with oil and light them? We have men ready to -be trained to go there, and, believe me, they will not only bless -Africa, but do a large part in saving America. - -Do you remember, my friends, that the oldest monuments we have, -the most ancient coins that come down to us, represent the negro -kneeling before his captor, with his hands clasped in petition, yet -wearing shackles, and there kneeling in prayer to an enemy? That is -the old picture of Africa that has come down through the sun-burnt -ages. How is it to-day? Thank God, in our country the scene has -changed. The black man is not kneeling before his captor. He stands -erect with us, and with us he stands close to the ballot box. Those -shackles are broken—do I say broken? No, they were cut asunder by -the red sword of war, but still they lie at his feet. Those hands -are not clasped now, but open, and they are extended, not to his -captor, but to his old-time friends and liberators, to Christian -men and women of the North. He holds in one hand a spelling-book -and a Bible, and he stretches it out to us and says, “Come and -teach me.” Brethren, it is blessed to hear that call. It is blessed -to have a share in that work. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK. - -The Committee upon Church Work would emphasize the fact that -the religious work among the Freedmen is essentially that of -reformation. The churches of this Association are the Reformed -Churches of the South. Incidentally, they are Congregational. The -reason which called them into existence, and which justifies their -separate organization, is the demand for a pure, intelligent, -progressive Christianity. The Association steadily refuses to -multiply churches, or to increase their membership, except as the -true type of personal piety can be established and maintained. -And, acting upon this principle, the growth of the church is made -to depend upon the material which can be prepared for it; in other -words, the church is essentially the product of the school. There -only can the foundations be laid for an intelligent faith and a -pure morality. - -Your Committee desire to commend the patient adherence, not only of -the Association, but of the churches themselves, to this principle. -They would also acknowledge with gratitude the prosperous condition -of the churches, as set forth in the more detailed reports -submitted. With hardly an exception, they are provided with houses -of worship, they are substantially free from debt, discipline has -been thoroughly maintained, mission work has been earnestly carried -on, benevolence has been largely increased, the pulpit has been -well supplied, and in many cases there have been most gracious -proofs of the special work of the Spirit of God. - -The present number of churches is 73, an increase the last year of -5, with a present membership of nearly 5,000, an increase of 635. - -The question of greatest urgency connected with the department of -Church Work, is that of education for the ministry. - -Three of the schools have a theological department—Fisk, -Talladega, and Straight. There is also a theological department -connected with Howard University, partly under the care of the -Association. But no one of these has any endowment. No permanent -provision whatever has been made for the instruction or support -of those studying for the ministry. The work is carried on under -every possible disadvantage. Meanwhile, the demand for an educated -ministry is steadily and rapidly increasing. The work of education -has now reached the point where the ratio of increase will soon be -enormous. Over 150,000 children have been under instruction the -past year. The material for churches will soon be abundant. The -only question will be, can it be used? - -Other denominations, too, are looking largely to the schools of the -Association for ministers. And England, in her missions for Africa, -naturally turns to the Freedmen of America for missionaries. - -Your Committee would call the attention of the churches to the -growing prominence of the religious question at the South, and -would most earnestly advise the patrons of this Association to make -fit provision and endowment for the permanent work of educating men -for the ministry. - - WM. J. TUCKER, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -OUR DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES. - -FIELD SUP’T J. E. ROY, D.D. - -Our church work at the South has its disadvantages, its advantages, -its obligations, its encouragements. - - -I.—ITS DISADVANTAGES. - -1. One is that our church system is entirely unknown among the -Freedmen. It is a singular fact that they should know absolutely -nothing of the churches which had led in the anti-slavery reform, -and which, through this Association, are now, as is confessed on -all hands, doing more for the lifting up of these lowly poor than -any other. The occasion of this ignorance is at hand. The doctrine -of equality in Christ’s house, as based on his own words—“All ye -are brethren”—precluded the setting up of this order of church -life among a people, where master and slave should vote, side by -side, upon all church business. I know that it will be said at once -that the Baptists, with their congregational polity, did prevail -all over the South. But theirs was, after all, not a Christian -democracy, but an aristocracy of the white members. All right of -voting was denied the colored. Even those two much-praised ancient -Congregational churches at the South, the Circular in Charleston, -and the Dorchester in Liberty County, Georgia, which took root in -that soil, did so only by denying suffrage to the colored members. -When one of the pastors of the latter, with the Bible in one hand -and a whip in the other, drove his brethren as his slaves to their -tasks, if that had been a genuine Congregational church, an appeal -would have been taken to the brotherhood for an application of -that Scripture: “Masters, give unto your servants that which is -just and equal.” One of the colored members of that church, now -a worthy deacon, told me this bit of experience. His master, a -fellow church member, had found him with a Webster’s spelling book -in hand, trying to learn to read. For this crime he was tied down, -with his face to the ground, his hands and feet made fast to four -stakes, and then upon his bare back he received such a flagellation -that, under the torture, he cried out: “Oh, massa, do stop, and -I’ll never again look into a book as long as I live.” With a fine -turn he said to me, “I GRADULATED THEN.” Now, if that brother had -had the right of telling that trespass to the church, and if all -the members had had the privilege of voting upon the case, that -would have been a piece of pure Congregationalism. Evidently such -a church system could not obtain in a slaveholding community. So -it is entirely unknown in that region; and this fact becomes a -disadvantage in introducing it now. - -2. Another disadvantage is that the Freedmen are so largely wedded -to other denominations. It is popular to belong to the church. The -mass, although they may not be members, will call themselves either -Baptists or Methodists. One of them on being asked, “Are you a -Christian?” responded: “No, Sah, I’se a Baptist.” The spectacular -element of immersion afforded by this church order, and the scope -given by the other to the emotional nature, have proven a great -attraction to these rude and simple souls. Then it is easy for -their zeal to rise into sectarianism and superstition, bitter and -hostile, such as leads them to denounce the new church as having -no religion, because it has no dreams and visions, no physical -contortions—such as lead them to sneer at our members as only -“Bible Christians,” while they have, instead, direct manifestations -of the Spirit. It is a surprising revelation to our teachers and -preachers who go to the South with nothing but love in their -hearts, and their hands full of the best things they could take, to -find such heat of sectarian opposition as soon as it is proposed -to set up the church life, which represents the educational effort -that is so highly prized. - -3. Another disadvantage for the time in setting up our churches, -is the standard of intelligence and of morality to which we seek -to bring them. The colored man who confessed that he had broken -every one of the commandments, but blessed God that he had kept his -religion, stood in part, at least, for a good many of his people. -It is hard for us who come in contact with that state of things -to accept the facts. Even then we would not wish to take the risk -of making them public, only so far as is sustained by their own -newspapers and official reports. The saddest part of it is the -impropriety of the leaders, ministers, and official members. If -the blind lead the blind, both will fall into the ditch. Each, -in self-protection, condones the other’s guilt. We know that the -system of slaveholding is largely responsible for this divorce of -religion from morality. But the fact, as we have to confront it, -is all the same. If you propose to set up a church that shall be -clean and be kept clean, in pulpit and pew, you have undertaken a -difficult task. The gravity of depravity is against you. - - -II. ITS ADVANTAGES. - -1. One is that our church system had not previously prevailed at -the South, to become modified by the influences of slaveholding, -and identified with it in the associations of the colored people. -As individuals become intelligent enough to rise above the -prevailing sectarianism; as they learn the anti-slavery history -of our churches; and as they learn that the nature of our polity -prevented it from coming South in the days of slavery, they turn -to the Puritan way with avidity. It is to them a new discovery -of friends, who had stood by them when they knew it not. Indeed, -these people, whose ancestors were landed upon these shores the -same year the Pilgrims came, appear to be the Yankees of the South. -They fall naturally into the observance of Thanksgiving, and on -that day they love to hear over and over the story of the Pilgrims -and Puritans, their exile, their hardships, their poverty, their -simplicity of life, their struggle for liberty. They soon learn -that the Puritan ideas have taken possession of the North, are -now penetrating the South, and are rising to a supremacy over the -nation. As they advance in understanding they take in these ideas; -and, more and more, will they be disposed to seek the church form -which represents them. - -2. Another advantage is the adaptation of this church system as an -educating process for the colored people. Any one who considers the -untutored quality of the communities in which the Apostles planted -their self-governing churches, must give up the notion that they -were New England people. Indeed, as one becomes acquainted with -the qualities of mind and elements of character in these sable -Christians, he can see that the Epistles of the New Testament -were addressed to much the same sort of people. These can govern -themselves as well as those. And, coming forth from the house of -bondage, much more do they desire their largest liberty in Christ -Jesus. The working of this autonomy of the churches is to them an -educating process. It puts responsibility upon them. They must -study its principles in order to exercise its function. Even such -men as Senators Lamar, and Hampton, and Hendricks, in the _North -American_, have argued that the elective franchise is not only the -means of defense, but of education, among these new-made citizens. -Precisely so does it work in church relations. Some of us, who -have observed the process, have been surprised and delighted to -see with what decorum and parliamentary skill they will handle a -deliberative assembly. As, in the days of bondage, the only outlet -for their native talent was the pulpit; and as their church was -about their only arena for organic efficiency, so now they love -most of all to handle their church affairs. And so does their -self-governing fellowship become a means of education. - -3. Another advantage comes from our preliminary educational work. -At the first, it was thought by some that the Association was too -tardy in advancing the church process. Soon it was learned that -the right policy had been pursued in developing the educational -interest, which was itself really missionary work, and which -was the necessary preparation for a more organic way of Gospel -propagandism. In connection with all our high schools and colleges, -churches have been organized. These have been immediate sources of -power and influence. They have also served as models and stimulus -for others that have grown up around them. In almost every case our -churches have been an outgrowth from these educational centres, or -have been developed by the teachers and preachers who have been -trained in them. Thus far, in the main, we have been preparing our -machinery. I remember that our Elgin Watch Company spent its first -two and a half years in erecting the factory and in manufacturing -its own machinery. Now it is in competition even with London and -Switzerland for the trade of Europe. We have been building up our -Elgins—the Fisk, the Howard, the Straight, Atlanta, Talladega, -Tougaloo, and Berea. They are furnishing us their approved -mechanism. This correlation of the school work to the church work -is after the wisdom of all successful missionary enterprise in -foreign lands. In India the American Board tried the experiment of -dispensing with the school process, only to put the mission back -for years. - -4. Another advantage is that by their slower growth, we can the -more completely assimilate and mold the material of our churches. -Drawn together by affinities of character, the more readily do they -receive instruction and take over the ideas and the style of our -system; the more certainly can discipline be maintained, purity and -sobriety secured. Heterogeneous masses would swamp church order. -At one of our Conferences, some of the brethren were bemoaning the -slow growth of our churches. A Baptist minister being present, -turned the tide by asserting that, for the present, there were -advantages in that state of things, and that his denomination had -suffered somewhat from the embarrassment of numbers. He said that -when as a farmer’s boy he stood at the tail end of a steam thresher -for shoving away the straw, if left alone, he found himself unable -to keep up, and was soon covered down with the accumulation. So -they were sometimes bothered in handling their great numbers in the -way of discipline, and of effort at moral elevation. - - * * * * * - - -THE NEED AND THE OPPORTUNITY. - -PROF. WM. J. TUCKER, D. D., ANDOVER, MASS. - -In the midst of the struggle and the difficulties attending work -among the Freedmen, there has been one point about which we have -allowed our minds to be at rest. As we have been vexed with the -problems of education and with the problems of citizenship, we -have said to ourselves, one thing is sure: the colored race is -religious. And so we have allowed the religious question to remain -comparatively in abeyance; we have said, this can wait; we have -work in hand which we must attend to; by and by we will look after -this. - -But in that strange haste with which God has been forcing questions -upon the American people as touching the Freedmen, we have come, -sooner than we thought, upon the religious question at the South. -I think we have made a mistake in that we have not given it more -prominence heretofore. I think we shall make a grievous mistake if -we do not carefully look this subject in the face now. - -In what sense is it true that the colored race is religious? How -far does the religion of the negro of the South fit him for the -essential work which his race has now before it? His religion, it -seems to me, has been peculiarly, by God’s providence, the religion -of the slave, and now the religion demanded is the religion of the -man. The most beautiful illustration in all history has been given -us by the negro, of the words of Scripture touching God’s gift to -his people: “He giveth songs in the night.” The great, happy heart -of that people has been singing through all these dark years, while -the great heart of the North has been heavy in its shame. The negro -of the South has been living for half the century in another world -than this. It his been literally true—“his citizenship was in -Heaven.” He had no citizenship anywhere else. Now he is a citizen -of this world, and the religion that fits a citizen of this world -must be his, or he will fail religiously in the problem which is -now working out in this country. - -I think the question is very much, to-day, with reference to the -Freedmen of the South, as it would be if the Christian of the -second century could have been taken out from his persecution, -from his sense of that other world, from his prayer for the speedy -coming of Christ, and plunged into the hard, practical uses of -this nineteenth century. We have taken the Freedman out of his -Heaven where he was living with something of joy; we have brought -him before the great duties of this world and this century. How -is his religion fitting him for the change? I have said that -his religion has been a religion of joy, fitting him to bear, -fitting him to endure; but life has become something more serious -than suffering—life has become to him a practical work. What De -Tocqueville said to Charles Sumner in his youth, may be said to -the young Freedman to-day: “Life is neither a pain nor a pleasure, -but a most serious business, to be taken up with courage, to be -laid down, if need be, in self-sacrifice.” The nation has made a -change necessary in the type of his religion. He must be refitted -religiously to the work which attends citizenship, its rights and -its duties. How is he fitted for it? If we do not answer this -question practically, ten years will show us how he is unfitted for -it. - -Meanwhile, too, we, as an Association, through our educational -work, have been robbing him of his past religion. We have been -letting in the light upon his superstitions; we have dissolved his -dreams; we have put his Heaven a little farther off—he cannot fly -into it so quickly as before; we have let in the strong, hard light -of this world. We must give him something. If we simply give him -education, even though it be so much of religious education as may -be given in the schools, we are doing no more than sowing the seeds -of scepticism—as when the Romanists of the old country lose their -faith, it were better for them to stay in their faith with its -tinge of superstition, than simply to be sceptics. We cannot afford -to have this pure, tender, loving, spiritual life, developed during -these last years, caught up by the scepticism of this century and -hurried on into ruin. We have sceptics enough at the North; we -have sceptics enough through the South; the nation is drifting -fast enough into that way. Let us keep what religious sense there -is in this race trained of God, pure, by making it strong, hard, -substantial enough to stand the difficulties and the trials of -their present condition. - -The question then comes up, Can the Freedman be made a pure, -honest, reasoning, intelligent Christian man? Can the type of piety -be changed? Still his music if you will; take away something of -the glow of his faith; push his Heaven a little further off—can -he be made a man fit to live, and act, and do his work, in this -our century, and assume the great duties of Christian discipleship -here and now? Can he be made sufficiently moral, can he be made -sufficiently intelligent, to do practically the work which all -Christians must do, with clean hands and with pure hearts? - -Well, Mr. President, there have been a great many theories on the -matter, and very many men are ready to say, “You can do nothing -with the Freedmen at this point.” I think it is the simple office -of this Association to fly in the face of the theories of men -in this century, to take one race after another, treat it for -ten years, and then say to men, “There are your theories; here -is the _fact_.” Men have said of the Indian, “He won’t work.” -This Association takes men who say that, and quietly shows them -the Indian at work. Men have said of the Chinaman, “You cannot -change the type of his religion and give him any sense of faith in -Christ,” and this Association is quietly showing souls won to the -Redeemer. Men used to say, “The negro won’t fight; put him before -the eye of his master and he will quail.” The negro saw his master -in battle, he never quailed, he fell at his feet only in death. - -A friend told me yesterday coming on the cars, that when the -question was agitated as to whether a steamship could carry coal -enough to cross the Atlantic, one of the scientific men of the -day addressing a large audience in New York, made this statement, -“If you load a steamship when it shall leave Liverpool with coal -sufficient to last over the voyage, as you withdraw the coal, -gradually the ship will lighten and lift, and by the time the ship -is half over the sea the wheels will be out of the water.” Six -days after he made that statement, the first steamer came plowing -steadily up the Narrows into New York harbor. Men say of the negro, -“He can’t do this, he won’t do that.” Meanwhile, the American -Missionary Association is doing its strong work with him, and he -is just plowing his way steadily into public notice and disproving -everything flung in his face. - -There are signs—and some of them very manifest—of the capacity -of the Freedmen for great moral strength. Have you read Judge -Tourgee’s reference to the fact that when the opportunity was -given, after the war, for the negroes to register themselves for -marriage—to be married by the laws of the State in wholesale—how -eagerly they availed themselves of that opportunity, that they -might have the form and reality of marriage, and the stamp of -legitimacy upon their children? The negro knows what a home means; -he has been wanting it; now he will have in time as clean a home as -you or I may have. What do you think I discovered a few days ago -in one of the historic towns of New England? A friend looking over -the records of that old town, came upon the list of baptisms, and -this fact came out: in early Puritan days in a town not twenty-five -miles from Boston more children were born out of wedlock than in -wedlock; and the Puritan says to the negro, “You don’t know what a -home is.” Wait;—give him a chance. - -You see how it is with regard to his industries. Men say he is -lazy: why does he go to work as soon as he leaves the land which -induces laziness? The reports come from Kansas that he is thrifty, -that he is putting his hand to the plow, that he is doing the work -he is given there to do. Individuals taken as types of the race are -declaring their capacity for strong industrial development. You -know his record in matters of education; you know he is beginning -to make himself, so far as he has the chance anywhere, a power in -citizenship. I believe that this question of morality will settle -itself, that the negro can at least show, under right training, an -average development in the morals of religion. - -One question then remains: What is the true way of approach to -this religious question of the South? Something has already been -done through the strong, patient work, known as the _church work_ -of this Association—taking the products of the school, young men -and women as trained in the schools, and organizing them into -churches, for the churches are merely the outgrowth of the schools. -The old churches of the South are not fit to be transferred into -the churches of this Association. We are all the weaker for any -church that might be allowed to come in in that way. The greater -approach—and that which I believe the Association, so soon as it -has the means, will endeavor to carry out—is in the larger training -of leaders, to meet what will be within ten or twenty years the -enormous demand for Christian leadership through the South. In -other words, give to the millions of the colored race at the South -a sufficient number of trained, educated, common-sense ministers, -and they will make that people in half a century the joy and the -pride of our land. - -We need to do this to save the bright, strong men among the -negroes from going elsewhere. A young man of good parts came to -his church five years ago, and said to them, “Take my name off the -church-roll; I am going into politics.” His brethren said to him, -“Wait a little; you do not want your name off the church-roll if -you are going into politics. But must you go there?” They showed -him the more excellent way, and to-day he is one of the most -effective ministers in the South. We want to lay our hands, while -we can, while we have the material, on the very pride of the youth -of the colored race, and secure them to the ministry. We want -hundreds of men—the best men, who have the instinct of leadership -about them—men who have that strong, organizing, executive force, -as well as the sympathetic power, by which they can build up -churches in the name of the Redeemer throughout that country. - -What is the furnishing for this at present? Here are four schools: -Howard commands the north-eastern section, situated at Washington; -Fisk, in Tennessee; Talladega, in Alabama; and Straight in New -Orleans; and nearly a hundred men from these departments are in the -process of studying for the Christian ministry. We want to enlarge, -and that speedily; for, as I have suggested, the ratio of increase -through the educational work within ten years will be enormous. We -want to enlarge greatly this productive power for the ministry; -and to that end I believe, as the report has stated, we need -substantial endowment for permanent work of this nature. It has -been suggested in the report that we need men for more than home -affairs. England, with generous look, is ready to enter into Africa -and do large work there for Christ. What she wants is men. Fisk -University has consecrated itself largely to the work of supplying -Africa with missionaries. We want to respond to England, with her -generous means, by the gift of men, sending out worthy men, by -which the two nations shall go hand in hand in bringing light into -the dark continent. - -Meanwhile, I say as I sit down, that, with regard to this whole -question touching the South, there seems to me to be two aspects of -it; the one of which will give us at present only discouragement, -the other giving us the largest hope and joy. - -When Henry J. Raymond was editor of the _New York Times_, some of -you may remember, after one of his stirring editorials, some one -at the South sent him this laconic letter: “Henry J. Raymond. Sir: -Come down South, and we will tar and feather you.” To which Mr. -Raymond replied in equally laconic fashion: “Sir: I think I will -wait; the inducements are not sufficient.” Capital, looking South, -says, “The inducements are not yet sufficient.” Society, looking -South, says, seeing the ostracism there, “I think I will wait; the -inducements are not sufficient.” The North, ready to pour in its -own civilization there so far as it might be accepted, has come -to say to itself, “I will wait; time on this continent is on the -side of the Puritan.” But the American Missionary Association, -touching the conscience and the heart of many strong souls at the -North, said, long ago, “I wait no longer; the inducements _are_ -sufficient.” Knowing the ostracism, knowing the persecution, -knowing the difficulties, the inducements for Christian work, -for education, prevailed upon that heart; and to-day we have the -result of what that spirit has been that has looked the South -in the face, that has taken the Freedman by the hand, that is -pushing the glorious work of reformation and reconstruction; not -in the name of a party, hardly in the name of the country, but in -that ever-blessed name above party—even greater than country—the -Crucified. - - * * * * * - - - - -AFRICA. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -The Committee, to whom was referred those portions of the Report of -the Executive Committee relating to the work of the Association in -Africa, beg leave to submit the following report: - -We stand at the opening of a new era in the history of African -missions. No real cause for discouragement in the present aspect -of affairs presents itself. There is, on the contrary, abundant -reason for gratitude to God, that through the darker experiences -of the past, in which He has revealed to us more clearly what are -His plans, He is leading us to the brighter issues of the future. -The logic of events is irresistible. We, of this Association, are -driven to certain hopeful conclusions. - -1st. Africans for Africa. This is the evident teaching of God’s -providence. It is the great lesson of the Mendi mission. The -long list of the heroic dead, martyrs for the Gospel in Africa; -the vast expenditure of resources necessary in supporting white -missionaries; the peculiar dealings of God’s providence with the -negro in this country, especially fitting him for this work—all -point in this direction. This is the fact which gives peculiar -significance to the work of this Association, both in this land -and in Africa, and we hail it with encouragement and hope as one -element of the new and happier era of lasting success, which we -believe will, in the future, attend, under God, the missionary work -of that waiting continent. - -2d. Need of careful supervision. In view of the facts laid before -us, and in view, also, of the important enlargement of the work -contemplated, we most heartily commend the determination of the -Executive Committee to appoint a general superintendent of the -work of this Association in Africa. Such a superintendent appears -to us to be a necessity. We believe that he would have more than -he could conveniently do in devoting himself to systematizing the -work in its various phases, providing a suitable literature for the -people, supervising educational and industrial enterprises, keeping -account of the financial matters of the missions, giving character -and direction to the counsels of the missionaries, studying new -regions for advance movements, reporting needs and plans, and thus -enlisting interest at home and abroad. We urgently hope, therefore, -that the appointment of such a superintendent, residing at some -healthful point, easily accessible to the missions, will be made at -the earliest practicable moment. - -3d. The subject of the Arthington Mission is no longer an open -question. You have already determined, upon conditions believed -to be practicable, that you will occupy that land for Christ. The -money, we have some reason to hope, is coming, the men are coming, -the Association is only waiting to begin wisely. In an enterprise -of such vast moment to all concerned, care is better than cure. -Your Committee believe that they only give voice to the earnest -desire of the churches, when they express the hope that, as soon -as the necessary funds are received, you will go forward with the -same judicious care as in the past, and take the proper steps to -ascertain more fully the best ways of entering this open door for -enlarged work and greater results. - -4th. In view of the events of the year, so full of sadness in the -history of many African missions, your Committee recognize the fact -more clearly than ever before, that the call of God rests, in an -especial manner, upon this Association, to maintain and enlarge -this African work in the way of His own appointment. The great -results it is achieving for the negro of the South have received a -new meaning and impetus in the light of African missions. The whole -problem of the negro in America is finding its solution slowly but -surely. In the providence of God this Association, in the two-fold -relation which it holds to the Freedmen of America on the one hand, -and to the pagans of their fatherland on the other, more truly -than any other, we believe, holds the key to the evangelization of -Africa. - -Your Committee, therefore, feel warranted in suggesting that -the true attitude of this Association, in view of the report of -its missions in Africa, should be one of thankfulness for the -experience of the past, encouragement in the work of the present, -and earnest expectation for the future. - - HENRY M. LADD, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -THE MENDI MISSION. - -PROF. T. N. CHASE, ATLANTA, GA. - -In November last, I received a letter from Secretary Strieby, -asking me to visit the Mendi Mission in West Africa, which -invitation, after consultation with my family, from whom I was -separated, was accepted, and on the 6th of December I sailed for -that land. - -My instructions required me to make such changes in the force of -missionaries and their respective duties as seemed best, and to -obtain information, and report, upon the following topics, viz.: -The health of the missionaries; the church, school, and industrial -work; finances and accounts; the removal or retention of Good Hope -station; extension of the work into the interior, and the use of -the Mendi language. - -Upon all these topics, and some others, I reported as well as I -could to the Executive Committee of the A. M. A., and some extracts -have been embodied in their Annual Report of the work of the -Association. Most of the information and reflections in this paper -will be supplementary to that report. - -Between Liverpool and Freetown, Sierra Leone, is a weekly line of -steamers, one of which we took; and, after touching at Madeira, -Teneriffe, Grand Canary, Goree, and Bathurst, we landed, on the -twenty-second day of our voyage, at Freetown. Thence a small -steamer conveyed us to Bonthe, where is the Good Hope station of -the Mendi mission. The Sherbro river runs between the main land -and Sherbro Island, being quite like Long Island Sound; and into -it flow several branches that penetrate the Mendi country. On the -inside of Sherbro Island, about fifty miles from its northern -extremity, where is the mouth of the river, and ten miles from its -southern point, is Good Hope, with its church, school and home. The -buildings are on the bank of the stream, and the peaceful river, -several miles in width, studded with green islands, presents a -beautiful view. On the Sherbro Island a few miles south of Good -Hope, is Debia, and thirty or forty miles up the Small Boom, a -branch of the Sherbro, is Kaw Mendi, which has been described in a -recent number of the _Missionary_. - -Starting from Good Hope, and sailing north, down the Sherbro twenty -miles, and then east up the Bahgroo twenty miles more, we come to -Avery. For most of the way the banks of the river are lined with -mangrove trees—appearing at high tide to stand in the water—whose -trunks rest, at several feet above the ground, upon pyramids of -stems or roots, and whose outspread branches send down to the earth -numberless rope-like twigs of various sizes, altogether forming an -almost impenetrable jungle. But about a mile below Avery the scene -changes. The mangroves disappear, the low banks give way to quite -high bluffs, and for a long distance stretches a rolling surface, -with a soil of partially decomposed iron-stone. In a bend of the -river, on a conspicuous bluff, stand the buildings of Avery, the -component parts of the station being a home, a church, a school, a -saw-mill, a garden, a coffee-farm, and a fakir. - -The home is beautiful for situation, being so nicely located as to -command a view of both banks of the river for half a mile in each -direction; water, rocks and foliage being blended most charmingly. -In this home dwell the pastor of the church with his wife, the -superintendent of industrial work, and ten little native boys and -girls, whose voices cheer the heart of one who loves children, as -the little fellows nearly exhaust their stock of English words in -saying “amen,” and the end of grace at meals, repeating the Lord’s -Prayer, and saying, “Good night, sir,” at their hour for retiring. -Some of these buds of promise have such illustrious names as Robt. -Arthington, Wm. E. Gladstone, A. K. Spence, Jennie Pike and M. E. -Strieby. - -It was our privilege to attend church twice, and prayer meeting -several times. The dress of the congregation, so far as it went, -was novel, these people having never submitted to the cruel tyranny -of fashion, but in most cases the amount of apparel met the -requirements of decency. Milliners, however, would have a dry time -in this region, for I noticed but one hat or bonnet, and I could -not tell which. In other cases the head was bare, or surmounted -by a turban made from a handkerchief ingeniously twisted and -tied. Some of the men had full suits, others only a country cloth -wrapped about them, and a few seemed satisfied with simply a large -handkerchief about their loins. But, notwithstanding their lack -in style and quantity of clothing, they were good listeners, and -doubtless carried away much that was said; at least, the writer -of this paper found great pleasure in preaching a lay sermon -from the text, “God so loved the world,” &c. The tithing master, -who paces up and down the aisles, has as little to do in keeping -drowsy persons awake as he would in many New England churches. Some -entries in the agent’s ledger seem to indicate that attendance upon -church and other religious services is not altogether voluntary. -One entry reads, “Cut (docked) for staying away from church, -one shilling;” and another, “Being late to morning prayers, one -shilling.” And in estimating the rigor of this discipline, one need -to know that a shilling pays the wages of a common hand a day and a -half. They have no trade-unions there. - -The school at Avery is taught by Mr. Jowett, a native, who speaks -English correctly and fluently. The pupils appeared very much like -other children. Some read and spelled well, and some had to “get -their lessons over.” Little John Bull showed that he had some -surplus energy by thrusting his fist into the mouth of his drowsy -neighbor. - -The sawmill is said to have been erected by Mr. D. W. Burton, -with the assistance of natives alone, and is a monument to his -ingenuity, energy and perseverance. Small logs are sawed by a -circular, but most of the work is done by an up-and-down, which -allows the logs to drag their slow length along sufficiently -fast to make the mill pay its way under careful management, with -sawyers at fifteen dollars a month, and lumber at forty-five -dollars a thousand. Other entries in the ledger show a high state -of discipline in _this_ department of mission work. “Neglecting to -tie a canoe, one shilling.” “Smoking in the mill, four shillings.” -“Neglect of duty, one shilling.” “Not obeying, two shillings.” - -The chief productions of the garden are cassada, sweet-potatoes -and pineapples. The cassada is a root of milk-white color, and is -the leading article of food. It is usually boiled, but sometimes -baked, or eaten raw. The sweet-potato flourishes well and is -very palatable. The pineapple grows on bushes or shrubs two or -three feet high, the fruit standing up in the midst of long, -narrow, serrated leaves. The yard has cocoanut, banana, orange and -cinnamon trees. In reading lists and descriptions of the African -productions, one might conclude that this is the land for an -epicure; but the fact is that none of these things take the place -of the beef, wheat, vegetables and fruit of the United States, and -a person who has lived in the tropics for a little while, longs for -a Fulton or Quincy market. - -The coffee farm consists of 1,500 trees from two to six feet high, -set in rows eight feet apart and just beginning to bear. The coffee -grows in pods about the size of a robin’s egg, in each of which are -two kernels enveloped in a skin or husk. To keep down the rapid and -rank growth of grass with the hoe alone, requires a vast amount -of labor. I find that these industries are highly appreciated by -travelers and traders, and have made the name of Mr. Burton well -known on the coast. The natives have felt their influence already, -and will be more and more inspired by them to habits of industry -and enterprise. - -The remaining element of the station is the fakir, or native -village. Most of the houses have mud walls, with bamboo or thatched -roofs. They are built without much system, and are huddled -together, because, probably, where wars prevail, it is necessary -to wall in the towns and villages for defence, and so the houses -must not occupy too much ground. Such is Avery, with its material, -mental, and religious machinery, all tending to produce an -intelligent and stable Christianity. - -And now those who have become interested in the experiment of -manning the Mendi mission with graduates of A. M. A. schools, are -asking whether the plan is successful, and I am supposed to have -some information upon this point. It is not quite three years since -the first party of these colored missionaries sailed for Africa, -two of whom have returned, and the others have had a shorter term -of service. So it is too soon to say whether the experiment has -been a success or a failure. If the work had been carried on by -them in the most approved manner, it would be premature to say that -the problem of African evangelization had been successfully solved. -And, on the other hand, if the experiment thus far had been an -utter failure, it would be unjust to the colored race to conclude, -from this one brief trial, that they are incapable of carrying on -mission work by themselves in Africa. Those who are most ready -to embark in an enterprise of this kind are not always the best -qualified. Zeal is needed, and in no leas degree, sound judgment -also. - -Fisk University graduated its first college class in 1875, and -Atlanta hers in 1876, so that from these Institutions have come -only five or six small classes that have completed a collegiate -education, and the first one of these students to graduate from a -full theological course has just received his diploma. And then -the officers of the Association have not had their pick from the -graduates of their schools. Some of those best qualified for -mission work abroad are fully persuaded in their own minds that -their field of labor is at home. - -So the experiment at the Mendi mission has not been tried under the -most favorable circumstances. The officers of the Association have -not had, like those of the American Board for _its_ work, a large -number of fully educated, mature and consecrated men and women from -which to select candidates for their African mission. - -But what is the actual outcome of this brief experiment? The -colored missionaries have kept alive the churches and schools, have -well cared for the buildings and grounds of the stations, have -cultivated the coffee-farm, have bought logs, manufactured and sold -lumber, have organized a new church of considerable promise, and -all but one of them have kept unbroken the brittle thread of life. - -[After granting that the mission has as a whole met with serious -drawbacks, and suffered from the lack of character and wisdom on -the part of some of those to whom it was entrusted, Mr. Chase -refers at some length to the following as reasons why mission work -in Africa is, and must be, slow: 1. Polygamy; 2. Mohammedanism; -3. The superstitions of the people; 4. The rum trade; 5. The -unhealthfulness of the climate; 6. The pernicious influence of -traders; 7. The inability of the natives to procure the equipments -of Christian civilization. The paper concludes as follows]: - -Now, in view of this rather gloomy presentation, does any one say, -“Let us abandon the Mendi Mission; money enough has been spent, -lives enough have been sacrificed”? I have not written with any -such object in view. My purpose has been to state plain facts as -they exist, for the consideration of wise men, believing that if -there is any lack of tangible results, it is not all the fault -of management or workers, and that great things ought not to be -expected in the immediate future. - -But there are grounds for hope as well as for despondency. The -mission has a good name. The labors of Raymond, Thompson and -others, are fragrant in the memories of natives and foreigners, so -that even the British colonists in Sierra Leone are loud in their -praise. The industrial work, instituted and carried on by the -wonderful ingenuity and energy of Mr. Burton, has secured the good -will of traders and foreign residents. I heard many encomiums upon -the mission, especially upon its early history. - -The Mendians are a numerous people, occupying a belt of territory -of some hundred miles upon the sea, and reaching far back into the -interior, all of which region is drained by the Sherbro river, -near the mouth of which is located our Good Hope station. Our -mission was established among them many years before those of other -societies, and its work is far ahead of that of the Wesleyans and -Church of England, and if these should greatly increase their -efforts there would still be room for us. - -By the assiduous labor of Mr. Claflin, the language of the Mendi -people has been reduced to writing, an elementary grammar and small -vocabulary have been published, and portions of the New Testament -translated, so that the acquisition of the native tongue is -comparatively easy. - -The land and buildings of the mission constitute a valuable -property; the Good Hope station, with its regular steamboat -communication with Freetown, furnishes a needed base of operations, -and the sawmill at Avery will provide lumber for future buildings. - -The fact that this mission is right in the heart of the old slave -grounds, ought to furnish inspiration for its support. Between -it and Freetown on the Bomana Islands were the old slave pens of -the infamous and afterward illustrious John Newton. Kaw Mendi is -supposed to be the centre of the region from which the Amistad -captives were dragged from their homes to be sold into slavery, -and is the point at which they settled after their return from -these Connecticut shores, through what might be called a series of -special providences. At Kaw Mendi it was my privilege to see and -converse with two surviving members of that slave cargo. Special -interest in such a field as this is something more than mere -sentiment. It is the breath of the God of Love sweeping across the -chords of the soul. - -Then too, in addition to the name and history of the mission, its -valuable property, its large field, its written language, and its -providential beginning, it has living material that can be utilized -in its future extension. The station at Debia, where the lamented -Barnabas Root labored for a time, is well carried on by a native -educated at the mission; and another efficient helper of the same -training is employed at Good Hope. And there are several traders -and carpenters, mission-educated, who could render good service in -penetrating the interior. - -The great call at present is for two or three men of ability -and culture, of broad views, of practical sense, of considerable -business experience, and of deep consecration, who are ready to -enlist for a long term of service, and take the lead in this -enterprise. - -The foundations have been laid, the material for the structure is -at hand and the work is waiting for a wise master-builder. - -Let a disciple of the Lord see those people there in their -degradation, superstition, and poverty, and then let him visit some -of our communities in the South, and see those of the same color, -features, and form, living in comfortable houses, clad in decent -garments, cultivating large fields of their own, and supporting -the school and the church, and let him realize that these pictures -present the same race and perhaps the same tribe of people, and -that he can be instrumental under Providence, even in an ordinary -life-time, in bringing about a repetition of this wonderful -transformation, and he ought to need no stronger inspiration. - - * * * * * - - -THE CALL TO THE ASSOCIATION. - -REV. H. M. LADD, WALTON, N. Y. - -One need not be a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, to be able -to predict that the world’s great enterprises of the next century -will take hold upon Africa. Already the earnest gaze of the -civilized world is fixed upon that opening continent. The spirit -of discovery and of commerce have pushed their way into the very -heart of its mysterious jungles. Its borders are all alive with -the enterprise of nations. Vast preparations are making to open up -its wonderful resources, and to find a mart for the products of -civilized industry. Truly, as the great French poet has said, “In -the nineteenth century the white has made a man out of the black. -In the twentieth century Europe will make a world out of Africa.” - -The great question is, Shall Christianity keep abreast of this -advancing host? Shall the seeds of the Gospel of light be sown -broadcast through this dark continent, before the tramping feet of -commerce have trodden down its soil into the hardened footpaths -of sin? The call of God is emphatic. He has opened a door which -no man can shut. That call rests in a peculiar manner upon this -Association. It has not been optional with you whether you -should enter Africa. The hand of God, manifested in the peculiar -circumstances attending the Amistad capture, sent you to Africa. -That hand has kept you there; and to-day you are not seeking for -yourselves a way up the Nile and into the heart of Central Africa; -you are invited there, you are urged there, you are sent there. It -will be a great undertaking to go, but it will be a greater mistake -not to go. The generous offer of Mr. Arthington, the importance -of the field, its unoccupied condition, its easy accessibility, -the pledge of needed funds, the fact that it lies right in the -very heart of that region cursed by the slave-trade not yet -abolished, make it obligatory upon this Association to accept the -responsibility and speed forward the work. - -But this is not all. Not only do we hear the call of God resting -in a peculiar manner upon this Association, heard especially in -its earlier and later history, but this Association is peculiarly -fitted for the work. It holds in its hands, as the gift of God, -a peculiar power. We in this country are just beginning to spell -out the true lessons, the real meaning of slavery on our soil. -This Association, more than any other under God, has been our -teacher. It has shown us what the educated black man, with even -his limited facilities, can do; and now it has grasped, and -proposes to carry out, a distinctive idea—negroes for negro land. -Mr. President, is it too much to say, that, in this distinctive -idea, so satisfactorily demonstrated already in the history of -African missions, we recognize the star of hope for Africa? Is -it not the solution of many a difficulty? We need not refer here -to the stimulating reflex influence of this new policy upon the -Christian colored people of the South. That it will be great, no -one can doubt. But what is to be the future of Africa, as it is -dotted over here and there where no white man can live, with these -abiding centres of a Christian civilization? What is to prevent the -establishment of these points of light throughout that benighted -region, until, like the stars of Heaven, they shall flood the dark -continent with a galaxy of light, growing brighter and brighter -until the day dawn and the Sun of Righteousness arise with healing -in his wings? - -To this end we are called of God to sacrifice, to labor and to -pray. The wise plans which this Association have devised give every -assurance of success. Not at once, perhaps. We must not expect too -much at once, but in the fullness of time. To say that there are -not great obstacles in the way, would be to close our eyes to the -truth. There are obstacles; but what are obstacles when God is with -us? He has not forgotten Africa. That continent, which holds nearly -one-sixth of the human race and is equal in area to all Europe -and North America combined, was surely included in that great -command, “Go ye into all the world and disciple all nations.” The -promises—are they not ours? Will He not be with us alway, yes, even -unto the end of the world? Is not the final victory assured, even -that victory that overcometh the world—our faith? Are we not taught -to pray, “Thy kingdom come”? Surely God’s will is yet to be done -on earth as it is in Heaven, and these nations are yet to become -the nations whose God is the Lord. The day shall come. It may be -ages from this time—but to the thought of God, and to the life of -humanity, ages are but days—when Ethiopia shall not stretch out her -hands in vain. - -Let us, then, go confidently forward in the line which God has -marked out for us. Let us help the Freedman of the South to fulfil -his destiny. His bondage over, having safely passed through the Red -Sea of blood, and been brought forward by the pillars of cloud and -of fire, let us now open to him the land of his fathers, and bid -him enter it to drive out the strange gods, and to proclaim the -unsearchable love of our God. - -Oh, then, speak unto this children of Israel that they go forward, -and songs of thanksgiving shall arise from the groaning heart of -Africa. - - * * * * * - - - - -THE INDIANS. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -Your Committee, to whom has been referred that part of the Report -of the Executive Committee which concerns the American Indians, beg -leave to report as follows: - -We recognize with gratitude the work which has been accomplished by -the American Missionary Association, in behalf of the Indians, in -its missionary and educational departments. - -We especially recognize and commend the success of the experiment -of bringing youth from the tribes, and educating them at Hampton -Normal and Agricultural Institute and at Carlisle Barracks; and, -at the same time, we record our decided opinion that the schools -on the reservations, while the reservations are continued, must be -relied upon as among the most efficient agencies for improving the -condition of the Indians. - -We believe that the possibility of civilizing the Indians is no -longer an open question, as is proven by what has already been -realized at the Fort Berthold, Lake Superior, S’Kokomish, and all -the agencies. - -But your Committee desire emphatically to express the opinion -that all attempts to civilize and Christianize the Indians must -be slow and unsatisfactory until there is a radical change in the -relation between the Indians and the United States Government. The -Committee, therefore, desire to reaffirm two resolutions adopted at -the last Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association, as -follows: - -Res. 1. That the aim of this Association shall be, as far as -possible, and as rapidly as possible, to secure for the Indians— - -(1.) A legalized standing in the courts of the United States. - -(2.) Ownership of land in severalty. - -(3.) The full rights of American citizenship. - -These three things, we believe, are essential, if the Indian is to -be either civilized or made a Christian. - -Res. 2. That to this end the members of this Association will do -all in their power to make the Indian question a pressing question, -until the attention of Congress is so secured, and held to it, that -the legislative enactment necessary to bring about these changes be -completely accomplished. - - AMORY H. BRADFORD, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -CAUSES OF THE MISMANAGEMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. - -REV. A. H. BRADFORD, MONTCLAIR, N. J. - -In the management of Indian affairs there has been little, if any, -progress since colonial days. - -I. The New World was supposed to belong to its discoverers, and -the Indians also, because they belonged to the land. When England -transferred her colonies to the new Republic, it was without any -mention of the aboriginal inhabitants, or their rights. Trees and -stones could not have been more completely ignored. With the single -exception of the Treaty of 1803, by which Louisiana was obtained, -all the Indian population was unconditionally transferred with -the land. “In our first treaty of peace with Great Britain, by -which the latter yielded all claims to the country as far as the -Mississippi River, not a single stipulation appears in regard to -the aboriginal inhabitants, and when they were received they were -considered to be in the same situation,—as far as their legal -status was concerned,—as the nation by which they were surrendered -had placed them.” (The Indian Question, Otis, p. 51.) What was -that status? The Indians were many; the colonists were weak. The -stronger compelled the weaker to treat with them as sovereign -tribes. The weaker became stronger. The same method was pursued -then because of jealousy of the French. Treaties were made, and -what the colonists could not compel by force they accomplished -by intrigue. In the wars between England, Spain and France, the -aborigines held the balance of power, and thus compelled their own -recognition. When the war for independence came, the same was true. -Both British and colonists sought their friendship, and paid for -it. Thus, in a word, grew up the recognition of the sovereignty -of the tribal and national organizations. Thus commenced the -atrocious policy of quietly, by treaty and gifts, removing the -Indians westward, as lands were required for settlement. Since the -revolution, until 1871, when the treaty system was abolished, the -same general plan has been followed. - -In everything else, there has been progress. In the management -of our Indian affairs, we are hardly a step in advance of those -who, in 1753, in forming a unity of action against the savages, -organized the germ of our Union of States. - -II. The Reservation system seems to have had its birth in the -administration of Jefferson. The object was to make conflict -impossible until the natives could be civilized by isolating -them. Education was to be provided, missionaries sent, protection -guaranteed until they should become new men. Did the plan succeed? -It had hardly been commenced before its failure was recognized. It -has been continued, and the longer it has lasted the worse it has -failed. - -The removal to reservations was commenced in earnest under -President Jackson, who advised Congress to set apart an ample -district west of the Mississippi, and without the limits of any -state or territory, to be guaranteed to the Indian tribes as long -as they should occupy it; each tribe having the management of its -own portion of the district, and being “subject to no other control -from the United States than such as may be necessary to preserve -peace on the frontier, and between the several tribes. There the -benevolent may teach, and an interesting commonwealth may be raised -up, destined to perpetuate the race and attest the humanity and -justice of this Government.” (Otis, p. 96.) President Van Buren was -not less sanguine than President Jackson. Never were golden dreams -more ruthlessly shattered. As well might our representatives have -attempted to tame a herd of buffaloes by corraling them at the base -of Mt. Hood, as to attempt to civilize the Indians by separating -them from all civilizing influences. As well might you plant a -keg of nails and expect it to come up a piano, as to seclude such -wild natures on the prairies, or between mountains, and expect -peace and harmony to result. The policy of removal did not benefit -the Indian, and has brought but temporary relief to the country, -by “the elimination of a troublesome element in society.” It has -not been pursued to any great extent during the last twenty-five -years, but still the massing of the Indians in two or three great -reservations seems to be the ideal of our legislators, an ideal -which has not a single support either in reason or experience. - -Then the reservations have been such only in name. The Black -Hills territory belonged to the Dakotas only a few years ago. You -remember the story. Reports of mineral wealth reached the outside -world. Emigration commenced. But that country had been set apart -by treaty to the Dakotas. “Yet,” say Felix R. Brunot, “every -step from the moment of making that peace with the Indians, has -been in the direction of depriving them of the very land which -the Peace Commission gave them.” Though there were wealth in -the Black Hills, our nation should have said, and stood by the -declaration—“Gentlemen, that Black Hills country belongs to the -Indians. If those mountains were built of solid gold, and those -river beds were paved with diamonds, not one of you should be -allowed there, unless in honorable trade you had purchased the -right.” But adventurers crowded in, and, because they had white -skins, the sacred covenants of the nation were broken. What wonder -that when the land was assigned them they eagerly asked, “How long -will it be that the President will keep his promise?” Why should -they be loyal to the Government? The Rev. Mr. Sherrill, of Omaha, -writing in the _Advance_, says, “The commonly accepted report is, -that when Commissioner Hayt visited Spotted Tail on the Upper -Missouri, and attempted to misinterpret his promise to the tribe, -Spot shook the written document with Mr. Hayt’s name at the foot of -it in the Commissioner’s face, called him a ‘bald-headed liar,’ and -walked out of the tent indignantly refusing to have anything more -to do with such a forked tongue.” - -The reservation system has not secured to the Indians permanent -homes; it has not preserved them from molestation; it has not -improved them either morally or physically; it has not relieved the -Government of care or expense; from beginning to end, it has been a -stupendous fraud and failure. - -III. I turn now to the Indian treaty system of the United States, -one of the most fearfully and wonderfully concocted systems that -human stupidity ever devised. It was in operation until 1871. -More than three hundred and sixty-six treaties with native tribes -are recorded in the statute books since the adoption of the -Constitution. If it is remembered that in many of these covenants -several tribes were united, the actual number of treaties is -multiplied to nearly one thousand. It would puzzle a philosopher -to get at the true inwardness of this system. The fact is, that in -colonial days, and almost ever since, the Indians have been treated -with as if they were independent and sovereign States. As such, -they were distinct from United States subjects, and could only be -reached under the forms of international law. In the language of -Justice McLean of the Supreme Bench, “The President and Senate, -except under the treaty-making power, cannot enter into compacts -with the Indians or with foreign nations.” That is plain; and if -the Indians had always been treated according to that decision, -there would have been less trouble. But Congress has claimed -jurisdiction over them, and while the President and Senate were -making treaties, has held each member of the tribes individually -amenable to such laws as it might choose to enact. The Court -decides that they are to be treated with as independent tribes, -and Congress proceeds to manage them as a portion of our dependent -population. - -Two illustrations. The Wyandotte Treaty of 1855 declared the -Indians of that band to be citizens of the United States. The -treaty with the Pottawatomies in 1862 placed it in the power of the -President to confer citizenship upon the members of that tribe. -Now, if the Indians were foreigners, they could become citizens -only by naturalization, according to rules prescribed by Congress. -The treaties with them imply that they are foreigners; but the -courts have decided that naturalization laws do not apply to them; -therefore it is evident that it is competent for Congress, and no -other power, to confer upon them political rights. Yet, in the -instances cited, the treaty-making power assumed these rights. -The Executive and Senate abandoned, at length, the process of -making citizens by simple declaration. In 1866, they compelled -the Delawares who wished to become citizens, to appear in the -United States District Court, and take out naturalization papers -the same as aliens. They first made them foreigners in order to -make them citizens. But that was of doubtful legal validity. -Then, to crown this wonderful achievement, it was decided that -the children of those thus naturalized were still foreigners, and -must choose for themselves whether they would enter the tribal -relation, or seek citizenship by naturalization. A white man who -could unravel this snarl would be a genius; to an Indian, it must -have been transparent as the waters of the Missouri. I give this -instance to illustrate the utter confusion which has characterized -the administration of our Indian affairs, and the absolute -impossibility for any one to be elevated by such stupidity. - -My second illustration is the Indian Territory itself. A civil -government exists there, subject to Congressional dictation. Yet -Congress never had anything to do with it, and never authorized it. -Its powers have never been defined or controlled by statute. It -was a scheme of the treaty-making power of government alone. It is -an organization devised between tribes, recognized as independent, -and is to take cognizance of matters “relating to the intercourse -and relations of the Indian tribes and nations resident in said -territory and represented, but can pass no act inconsistent with -the Constitution of the United States, the laws of Congress, or -existing treaties; or any act affecting the tribal organizations, -laws, or usages.” Each tribe is independent of this so-called -legislature in all its own affairs. Each tribe has its own laws; -and its own courts, both civil and criminal, are the last resort; -and by treaty, Congress is denied the right to interfere with, or -annul, their present tribal organizations, rights, laws, privileges -and customs. Thus, if an Indian commits murder in his own tribe, he -can be brought to justice only by his own tribe. “The non-treaty -Indians can freely rob, murder, trade with each other, without -incurring responsibility to United States authority.” (Otis, page -115.) If a white man joins an Indian tribe and commits murder, who -tries him, the United States courts or the tribal? Exactly that -issue has arisen. A United States marshal was condemned because he -attempted to take forcible possession of a United States citizen, -who was also a citizen of the Cherokee nation, and who was accused -of the murder of a Cherokee squaw. Other inconsistencies might be -enumerated. Treaties have guaranteed privileges that only Congress -had the right to grant. When the United States court comes in -conflict with the treaty, then confusion and bloodshed follow, and -the absurd clumsiness of official action is hidden beneath the cry -of shocking cruelties by Indians, when they are only defending -rights guaranteed by solemn covenant. - -Two other facts may be barely mentioned. Treaties have been -repeatedly solemnized which both parties knew perfectly well could -not be kept; as in the case of the covenant with the Mississippi -and other bands of Chippewas in 1855, when the treaty included a -thousand little details of moral conduct; or the treaties of 1855 -and 1865 with the Indians of Oregon and Washington Territory, where -all sacredly promised to take a temperance pledge. - -The other fact is that, when Congress has ratified Indian treaties, -the prerogative has been repeatedly asserted of changing the treaty -without consultation with the Indians. In the Cheyenne Treaty -of 1861, the Senate struck out article eleven, one of the most -important articles, and then held the tribe to the treaty as it -chose to amend it. - -IV. Two changes must be wrought in our Government before these -wrongs can be permanently righted. - -1. The people must be aroused. In 1862, Secretary Stanton said to -a committee who went to him demanding justice for the Indians: “If -you come to Washington to tell us that our Indian system is a sink -of iniquity, and a disgrace to the nation, we all know it. This -Government never reforms an evil until the people demand it. When -the hearts of the people are touched, these evils will be reformed, -and the Indians will be saved.” When the people demand justice to -the Indian, and officers know that swift retribution will be meted -to those who longer trifle with his interests, Indian Commissioners -will no longer dare to condone corruption, and Interior Secretaries -will cease to stand in the way of righteousness. - -2. There must be a reform in our system of civil service. In -British Columbia, for the last hundred years, there has been spent -not one dollar for Indian wars, and not one life has been lost. In -the United States, thousands of lives have been lost, and more than -$500,000,000 expended. What do these facts signify? That in British -Columbia they have had able and honest men in the civil service; -and in this Republic, imbecile and corrupt men. Contrast parts of -the two systems. With us the Indians are under the control of the -Secretary of the Interior, and the Indian Department is but one of -numerous important and complex departments under the supervision -of that officer—each one enough to tax to the full the ability -of a trained statesman. With us, the Indian Department must take -its chances with others, and he who ought to give it his entire -attention is “Jack-of-all-trades and master of none.” In British -Columbia, the Minister of the Interior is the actual superintendent -of Indian affairs, and directly responsible for them as the most -important part of his official duties. With us, in our Indian, as -in our civil, service, which is as vicious as any system can be, -officers are continued only during party supremacy. - -In the Dominion, officers are continued for life or good behavior, -with the obvious benefit, in matters requiring special skill and -experience, produced by a civil service well established, on a -correct system of selection, which with us has only recently been -attempted. - -The trouble with us has been, we have not chosen our best men to do -our most difficult work. We have had two vast problems to solve in -our history—the problem of Reconstruction and this Indian problem. -“In both cases, where France, England, Russia, would have used the -flower of their educated youth, their most honored soldiers, their -wisest lawyers and scientific men, we collected a large horde of -broken-down men of all trades and callings, and men of none, the -riff-raff of caucuses and nominating conventions, in fact, the very -refuse of our busy and prosperous society,” and gave to them to -solve, the most difficult and delicate questions of public policy -which statesmen have ever faced on this continent. The failure was -inevitable in the one case as in the other. - -V. In the light of the experience of the last century, I think we -may safely make the following affirmations. - -All tribal distinctions ought, as soon as possible, to be abolished -by the Government, and the Indian treated the same as any other man. - -The Reservation system should be given up, and Indians be allowed -to go and come whenever and wherever they may choose. Land should -be allotted in severalty. If the Indian has a hard time, the -discipline will probably educate him. - -Education should be compulsory, and for a reasonable time, under -patronage of the Government. - -All the rights and penalties of citizenship should be accorded to -the Indian, as to the Italian, Irishman, and Negro. - -The Indian should understand that this is a final settlement of -his case, and that now he must shift for himself as other citizens -have to do. With justice, and the protection and penalties of law -awarded to him, let the Indian take his chances in the struggle of -life. The germ of civilization is obedience to law. Put him under -state and national law. The fittest will probably survive, Darwin -or no Darwin. - -So much for the Government. Then let Christianity, through its -voluntary agencies, do the rest, as it well knows how to do, and is -so grandly doing through the American Missionary Association. There -are difficulties attending the execution of these suggestions. This -consideration would require time that I have not at my disposal. -They are not insuperable to a wise statesmanship. - -When Dr. Riggs was visiting and preaching in the Indian Territory, -one day there sat before him an old chief, nearly a hundred years -of age, listening attentively. It was the missionary’s last sermon -before leaving. When the service was over, the old man went up to -Dr. Riggs, and reaching out his scrawny hand to the missionary’s -snow-white beard, grasped it firmly, and turning him to the full -sun-light gazed intently into his face for a long time. “What -do you do that for?” at length said the Doctor. “Because I want -to know you in the resurrection,” the old chief slowly replied. -His people had been scattered, his children killed, his horses -stolen, he had been driven from the home of his childhood to a -strange land. While he waited to die, this noble old apostle, in -whom Christ dwelt, crossed his pathway. The speech and tenderness -were so strange, coming from a white man, that he wanted to be -sure of recognizing him after death. “I want to know you in the -resurrection.” How many white men will the Indians want to meet in -the resurrection? It is time these awful wrongs were righted. It -is time we learned with the wise fool in _A Fool’s Errand_, “The -remedy for darkness is light; for ignorance, knowledge; for wrong, -righteousness.” It is time the people were roused. It is time a -tide of public opinion, demanding justice for the Indian, was -rolled in upon our rulers, too strong to be longer resisted. If the -Government never reforms until the people demand it, let us be sure -that we voice our part of that demand, loud and clear, at once and -unmistakably. - - * * * * * - - -LETTER FROM GENERAL FISK. - -[It was anticipated up to a late day by the committee of -arrangements that General Fisk would be present at the meeting and -would make an address upon the Indian Report. In his unexpected and -compelled absence he kindly sent the following letter:] - -It is almost two hundred and fifty years since Captain John Mason, -at the head of ninety men, more than half of the fighting force of -the Connecticut Colony, marched against Sassacus, and almost within -bow-shot of where your Annual Meeting is to be held, fought the -Pequods. It was the first Indian war in New England. Thomas Hooker, -“the light of the Western Churches,” famed as “a son of thunder,” -delivered to Mason the staff of command. The very learned and -godly Stone spent nearly the whole night in importunate prayer for -success to crown the expedition, which on the morrow sailed past -the Thames, hoping by strategy to reach the Pequod fort unobserved. -Under cover of night, the soldiers of Connecticut made the attack -upon the Indians. “We must burn them,” shouted Mason, who himself -cast a firebrand to the windward among the light mats of their -cabins. The helpless natives climbed the palisades as their blazing -encampment assisted the English marksmen in taking good aim. Six -hundred Indians, men, women and children, perished, most of them in -the hideous conflagration. Capt. Miles Standish had twenty years -earlier slaughtered Witawamo and others of the Massachusetts tribe, -the knowledge of which, as it reached the gentle spirited Robinson -in Leyden, caused the pastor to write to Bradford, “concerning the -killing of those poor Indians, of which we heard at first by report -and since by more certain relation. Oh, how happy a thing had it -been if you had converted some before you killed any.” - -“The principle and foundation of the charter of Massachusetts,” -wrote Charles II. at a time when he had Clarendon for his adviser, -“was the freedom of liberty and conscience, not only for the -Puritan but for the natives, whom the ministers might win to the -Christian faith.” The instructions to Endicott as to the rights -of the Indians on the far-away Atlantic coast, and their duty to -them, were clear and emphatic. “If any of the savages pretend right -of inheritance to all or any part of the lands granted in our -patent, endeavor to purchase their title, that we may avoid the -least scruple of intrusion. Particularly publish that no wrong or -injury be offered to the natives.” The colony seal was a wandering -Indian with arrows in his right hand, with the motto, “Come and -help me.” For more than two hundred and fifty years, from our -Indian tribes, as they have been steadily driven before the surging -tide of civilization from the Atlantic to the Pacific, has there -been the constant cry of the weaker to the stronger forces of the -continent, “come and help me.” Many who will be in attendance upon -your Annual Meeting have seen “Standing Bear” of the Poncas, who -was wantonly and wickedly driven from his home on the banks of the -Missouri by the Government, and heard him tell his simple story -of wrong endured, and heard his appeal, “Come and help me.” With -sublime faith that God intended all men to be free and equal, all -men without restriction, without qualification, without limit, let -us listen to their appeal, and respond with the best help in our -power to contribute. - -Never before in the history of this country has there been such -an awakening in behalf of the Indian. Never before such healthy -sentiment for justice and fair play for the original owners of the -soil over which our fifty millions of prosperous people unfurl the -flag of the free. The Indian question, like the Ghost of Banquo, -is at every banquet. It will not down until “Birnam wood do come -to Dunsinane.” Hundreds of years of broken faith, during which -ambuscades, massacres, fired Indian camps, blazing wigwams and -smouldering embers of burned villages, have strewn the pathway of -our march of empire, until now upon every lip is the interrogatory, -What shall be done with the Indian? All the Indian asks, all his -friends ask for him, is a _fair chance_. - -It has been well said that in good faith and good feeling we must -take up this work of Indian civilization, and at whatever cost -do our whole duty in the premises. We owe them protection of the -property they own, endowments of money, forbearance, patience, -care, education, _citizenship_. - -Let not another Indian be removed from his home, except as he -removes himself by his own volition. - -Let every acre of land now occupied under treaty, or by any other -document by which the United States have “ceded and relinquished” -the same, be held sacredly theirs forever, unless the citizen -Indian chooses to sell it. - -Let there be no more the policy of seclusion, but rather that of -absorption. - -Let all covenants between the Government and the Indian be executed -as promptly and faithfully as with any other person. - -Let the Indian citizen have his own home with all the protection of -National and State Governments. - -Let the Indian citizen have the same protection of law, and require -from him the same obedience to law as governs in the case of the -white man and the black man, and then the Indian will work out his -own destiny. - -Let us say with that quaint philosopher, Hosea Bigelow, that - - “This is the one great American idee, - To make a man _a man_, and then to let him be.” - -Trusting that the American Missionary Association will keep its -standard on the Indian question “full high and advancing,” I remain, - - With very great respect, - Your obedient servant, - - CLINTON B. FISK. - - * * * * * - - - - -THE CHINESE. - - * * * * * - - -“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.” - -Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association. - - PRESIDENT: Rev. J. K. McLean, D.D. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. A. L. - Stone, D.D., Thomas C. Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. K. Noble, Hon. - F. F. Low, Rev. J. E. Dwinell, D.D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. - H. Willey, D.D., Edward P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D.D., - Jacob S. Tabor, Esq. - - DIRECTORS: Rev. George Mooar, D.D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, Rev. E. - P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. John - Kimball. - - SECRETARY: Rev. W. C. Pond. TREASURER: E. Palache, Esq. - - * * * * * - - -REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE. - -Your Committee, to whom was referred that part of the Report of the -Executive Committee which concerns the Chinese, beg leave to report -as follows: - -1. That in estimating the success of their work, the difficulties -under which it has been prosecuted must be borne in mind; the fact -that it has been carried on in the face of an intense hostility -to the presence of Chinese upon our shores, extending not only to -the lower classes, but also, in not a few localities, including -influential clergymen and laymen, and became so far a dominant -sentiment, that both the great political parties have yielded to it -by inserting anti-Chinese planks in their platforms. - -2. That this work ought to be not only generously supported and -vigorously maintained, but, so far as practicable, extended, -especially by the establishment of schools and mission work among -the Chinese in the mines. - -3. That while your Committee recognize the difficulties in the way -of establishing a mission in China, they also see that there would -be great advantage, both direct and indirect, in thus connecting -a foreign with the home work, and they recommend the Board to -give serious consideration to the proposition, and to carry it -into execution, if, on a more thorough inquiry, it shall be found -practicable to do so without interfering with the other work of the -society, or with the work of other Evangelical missions in China. - - LYMAN ABBOTT, _Chairman_. - - * * * * * - - -THE TWO METHODS. - -REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D., NEW YORK. - -* * * Let us recognize, then, that there is a possibility of -danger to us, religious danger from the influx of a godless and -atheistic people, political danger from the influx of a vast amount -of cheap labor, danger from a deluge coming from an ocean almost -unfathomable and immeasurable. How shall we meet that danger? -Looking down the vista of the years, how shall we prepare ourselves -for it and protect ourselves from it? - -There are two methods; and I wish simply to set these two methods -before you as clearly and as distinctly as I can. - -The one method is that of self-protection by force; the method of -building a Chinese wall and saying, “You shall not come upon our -shores;” the method of the brick-bat; the method of the mob; the -method which has been succinctly put in Dennis Kearney’s platform, -“The Chinese must go,” and more genteelly and courteously put in -the Democratic and Republican platforms, which mean the same thing; -the method which declares, “We will not allow this people upon our -shores to live among us, to work with us, to share our benefits;” -the method of a prohibitory legislation. - -In respect to that method, _first, we have no right to adopt it_. -“The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof.” Go through -the first five books of the Bible and find how it is iterated and -reiterated again and again, that the soil of this earth belongs to -God. No people have a right to set themselves down upon a territory -and say to their brother people, “You shall not come.” We have a -right to say that if they come they shall come subordinate to the -laws and the institutions that have been established here; that -they shall behave themselves; that they shall obey the system of -laws which we have found good for ourselves and for our children; -but we have no right to build a wall of adamant around the land and -say, “Keep out.” By what right do the children of the immigrants of -1620 say to the immigrants of 1880, “You shall not set foot upon -this soil”? By what right do the sons of the Pilgrim Fathers say -to the pilgrims of this generation, “You shall keep off”? When did -that right come to us? Could we have said it in 1700, in 1750, in -1800? At what epoch in our national history accrued to us the right -of drawing the line, building the wall, closing the gates, and -saying, “Thou shalt come no more?” - -I shall not enter in detail into the argument on this subject. I -know what is the reply: “If I have a farm of a hundred acres, may I -not keep tramps off?” No nation has found itself without difficulty -and threatened danger, that has attempted to keep the laborer off -of land which was not being worked. To-day Ireland is wrestling -with the labor problem, and England is wrestling with the labor -problem, because there are vast tracts of unoccupied, untilled, -uncultivated land from which the laborer is excluded. So long as -our mines lie undug; so long as our prairies lie uncultivated; so -long as our streams run their course and no music of the mills -sings along their lines, so long industry has a right to its home -under our flag and within our borders. - -And _we have not the power_ if we had the right. Congress does not -make laws; Congress only declares and interprets them. There is but -one law-giver—God Almighty; and all that judges and governors and -law-makers and Congresses and Parliaments can do, is to ascertain -what are God’s laws and interpret them. And God’s law is the law -of liberty, and all His laws are to conserve liberty. Never in -the history of the world has a nation succeeded in stopping one -of these great migratory movements. Out of four hundred million -people, in one year almost as many corpses lie upon the ground in -China as were strewed on all our battle-fields, and over every -one a grave-stone might be erected with the inscription, “Died -of hunger!” Why, you might better expect to stop the charge of a -herd of buffaloes rushing madly along with the prairie on fire -behind them, by means of a Virginia rail fence, than to stop the -immigration of a great nation, driven from its home by pursuing -famine, with an act of Congress. You could easier dam up the waters -of the Gulf Stream with bulrushes. - -In the year 250 the Goths and Vandals won their first victory -over Roman arms on the Roman boundary. The Roman empire adopted -Dennis Kearney’s platform; it said, “We will not have the Goths -and Vandals on our territory.” The Roman empire was clad in mail -from its head to its foot; it was an army of soldiers; it put forth -the greatest military power the world has seen to stop the great -migration. For a hundred and fifty years the conflict went on, -but year by year the valiant warrior was beaten back, and it was -ended at last with the sack of Rome. But 250 years before these -immigrants made their first appearance on the border line, a little -decrepit Jew made his appearance in Rome as a prisoner. He lived -there two years, bound, chained to the soldier that guarded him, -and he brought there the story that God had shown himself in Jesus -Christ, His Son, who had lived, suffered, died, risen, and ever -lived for them. In those 250 years, Christianity under various -persecutions, had grown little by little, until, when the Goths and -Vandals made their appearance, it comprised one-twentieth of the -population of Rome—fifty thousand out of a million. It sent Bishop -Ulfilas with his Gothic Bible, to the north; it sent Augustine -into England; it sent St. Patrick—Protestant before the time of -Protestantism—to preach a pure gospel in Ireland. One and another -and another went forth, bearing the cross; and when at last the -Goths and Vandals had conquered the armed Romans, so thoroughly -had that Christian church done its work, that, says Lecky, the -Christian church conquered the barbarian world almost in the same -hour in which the barbarian world conquered Rome. - -We are told that we cannot convert the Chinese. Why, Christianity, -while it was yet in its cradle, without churches, without schools, -without a printing press, without literature, Christianity -infantile vanquished the serpents that had strangled the military -Hercules. If we cannot, with the Christianity that we possess -to-day, vanquish the semi-civilized paganism of China, we had -better get a new Christianity, for we sorely need it. - -Let us look, then, at the other method of protecting our nation -from the incursion of the Chinese. The one is the barbaric method, -the method of military Rome; the other is the Christian method, -the method of the successors and followers of the Apostles and of -the Lord Jesus Christ. What is this method? What does it involve? -It involves welcoming the Chinese to our shores; throwing open -the gates; recognizing the truth that the earth is the Lord’s, -and that all peoples are entitled to make their home here if they -will; welcoming them to all the protection—I do not say to all -the powers—of citizenship; holding over them the shield of the -Declaration of Independence, and declaring for them the right to -“life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” It involves bringing -them into our schools and into our churches; teaching them that -which we teach ourselves and our children; teaching them those -things upon which our own intelligence and prosperity and our own -national life are based. Above all, it involves teaching them those -great principles of Christianity which are the very conservation of -national force and the saviours of the nation. It involves teaching -them that there is one God; that we are all one family, brethren in -the Lord Jesus Christ, doubly brethren—born of God and redeemed by -Christ; it involves teaching them immortality, and all the glorious -hopes and liberations that come from the faith of immortality; it -involves all the assimilating and unifying force and power that -come from teaching the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of the -human race. - -And, observe, you cannot carry on these two methods -simultaneously. You cannot say, “We will exclude the Chinese, but -if they do come here we will convert them.” You cannot ask the -Chinaman to kneel down with you and say, “Our Father which art in -Heaven,” and then, when he has finished, take him by the throat -and toss him into the Pacific. You cannot say to a Chinaman, “You -are my brother, get out of here!” You cannot be both Christian and -Pagan; you must take your choice. - -It is said that the Chinese cannot be converted, that they are -impervious to Christian influences, and that they repudiate and -reject all such. What have been the Christian influences that have -been showered upon them? They have been impervious to the guns of -England when they flamed out, “You shall take opium!” they have -been impervious to the influence of Dennis Kearney’s brick-bats -when they have been flung at them in the street. I do not wonder -that they were impervious to that kind of Christianity. Cannot be -converted? Men call this an age of scepticism; but the unbelief -that doubts the first chapter of Genesis, that thinks the story -of the Fall is a parable, that is uncertain whether the whale did -really swallow Jonah or not, that doubts whether those three men -went into the fiery furnace unconsumed, is as nothing compared with -the unbelief that lurks sometimes in our pulpits and oftener in -our pews, that doubts the declaration that the Gospel of the Lord -Jesus Christ is the power of God unto salvation to every man that -believeth—not to every Anglo-Saxon man, not to every white man, -not to every cultured man, but to every black man, and red-skinned -man, and copper-colored man, and Indian man, and Chinaman,—to -_humanity_. It is as nothing compared with the infidelity that puts -under its foot the obligation: “I am debtor to the Jew, and to the -Greek, to the bond and to the free, to the white, to the black, to -the Indian, to _every_ man, because for every man my Christ died.” - -We cannot convert the Chinese? Really it does not lie in us to say -they are beyond hope. Let me read you the features of a portrait: - -“Huge, white bodies, cool-blooded, with fierce blue eyes and -reddish flaxen hair; ravenous stomachs, filled with meat and -cheese, heated by strong drinks; of a cold temperament, slow -to love, home stayers, prone to drunkenness! * * pirates at -first; * * sea-faring, war, and pillage, their only idea of a -freeman’s work; * * of all barbarians the strongest of body -and heart, the most formidable, the most cruelly ferocious; -* * torture and carnage, greed of danger, fury of destruction, -obstinate and frenzied bravery of an over-strong temperament, the -unchaining of the butcherly instincts; * * with a great and coarse -appetite.”—[Compiled from Taine’s English Literature, vol. I pp. -30–33.] Do you recognize it? It is the portrait of your ancestors -and mine; and if Christianity can make out of that picture such an -audience as I see before me to-night, what may it not make out of -China? - -To-night again we see in the heavens, brighter and clearer by -far than ever Constantine saw in his fabled vision, that flaming -cross, and under it the motto, “By this sign I will conquer.” That -motto, enforced by the history of eighteen centuries of triumph, -I set before you; the Roman spear on the one hand and the flaming -cross on the other: choose you by which sign you will vanquish the -Chinese. - - * * * * * - - -OUR GROUNDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT. - -REV. SAMUEL SCOVILLE, STAMFORD, CONN. - -[Mr. Scoville compared the work of the Association to the -river which went out of Eden and became into four heads, the -Pishon, flowing to the land of gold and the Havilah of the East, -representing its Chinese work. After forcibly depicting the -importance of the work as involving the regeneration of China, the -good name of the Christian Church, the honor of Christ, and the -perpetuity of our political institutions, the address closed with a -statement of the grounds for encouragement that this work can and -shall be done. It is this latter part only for which we have room, -as follows]:— - -I turn now to the grounds we have for encouragement that this work -can and shall be done. - -1. The first is found in God’s word. We ask ourselves, Is it His -purpose that this work shall be done, that those heathen on our -Western coast and in China shall be converted, or must they be -given over to destruction? And we read the promise of God to His -dear Son: “I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inheritance,” and -that means the people of California, a large part of them, “and the -uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession,” and that means -China. - -Is there anything special about the Chinese nature that puts them -outside the recuperating, renewing forces that exist in Jesus -Christ? And I read: “The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us,” -and again, “that He by the grace of God should taste death for -every man.” And I know that in that humanity and in that provision -the Chinese are included. I hear Him say, “Come unto me all ye that -labor and are heavy laden,” and I know that the wretched millions -of China are meant. - -But may it not be true that the Chinese are so lost to spirituality -that this whole power of renewing forces will be lost upon them? I -read: “And I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto me.” And I -know there is a sweet attractiveness in the Saviour of men dying -for them, that is able to break up the dull apathy of Chinamen as -well as others. - -But is there power enough to wake up the Christian churches as -well as the Chinese from their apathy? And I read that prayer for -us, “that ye may know what is the exceeding greatness of His power -toward us who believe according to the working of His mighty power -which He wrought in Christ when he raised Him from the dead, and -set Him at His own right hand in the Heavenly places,” and I know -that individuals and churches, even the whole Christian land, can -be breathed upon and quickened by that resurrection life. And then -the Divine Commission breaks in upon all our delay, saying, “Go ye -into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature,” and I -know that that means us, and that the time is now. I am confident -that we have God’s word for it that this work can be done, and that -we are to set about it without delay; and having this foundation I -care for little else. But we have more if we require it. - -2. We have God’s providence. His providence that has pushed the -column of progress forward from the moment the Life came forth from -the tomb in the garden, and began to be preached to the nations, -until now its head occupies the slopes of the mountains that -overhang that distant continent, and looks upon it inevitably as -its next field of conquest. That providence that has pushed this -advance forward upon two parallel lines, that of spiritual and of -political liberty, and has made them converge and come together for -the first time in history upon this broad domain; that has brought -along in the slow conflict and march, institutions and rights, the -spoil of nineteen centuries of conflict, and planted them upon this -continent, and opened the door of invitation to the East through -a sea-coast line of twelve thousand miles, and another to the -far West of four thousand. These providences of God, making our -duty clear, are endorsed by those others that have broken up the -seclusive habits of that people, and have turned the thoughts of -her educated men, and the hopes of her commerce, and the needs of -her industrious poor, toward our shores. - -This writing of God’s providence seen in the majestic progress -of events from the East and West meeting here, seen in the -configuration of the continent, seen in the harsh language of war -breaking open closed doors, and in the voice of peace, endorses -that other word which God has given us, and proves that our -interpretation was correct, and that we have an especial duty to -this people, both at home and abroad. - -3. Another ground for encouragement is the character of the Chinese -that are now in California. They have the mind and disposition of -the mother country; nothing less, not much more. And what kind -is that? We answer, it is that which created and still keeps the -most ancient literature in existence. It is that which worked out -for itself most of the inventions that made the fifteenth century -remarkable in Europe, but more than a thousand years before. It is -a mind and spirit that has obeyed, and does now obey, the fifth -commandment more thoroughly than any nation upon the earth; that -educates formally but more widely than any other people. It has -had the tenacity and recuperative power to hold on to its ancient -seats while Babylon was rising and falling; while Greece was coming -to the zenith and sinking behind the Western horizon; while Rome -was growing and dying; while mediæval Europe was going through -its changes, and modern nations were being born and attaining -their growth. All this time it has held on. What think you of -the natural capacity of a soil that has produced such results, -that has such staying power? It has lain long fallow, but let the -process of breaking up their exclusiveness go forward; let the -Gospel, not as a destructive force, illustrated by brick-bats and -cannon-balls, but as a quickening power made beautiful to their -eyes by the kindness and sympathy of those who profess its truths, -be brought to bear upon them like the sun-light; and what harvests -of righteousness shall not that great field bear for enriching the -Redeemer’s kingdom! - -The soil here or at home has not lost its native force nor its -receptive power. Yung Wing, picked up by a missionary in the -streets of Canton, converted by the faithfulness of one of the -mothers of New England, sent to Yale College, where he stood -among the first in his class, especially in English composition, -returning to his own land to reach one of the highest places in -the government, and now leading one of the greatest educational -enterprises in the world, and Jee Gam as a disciple and a preacher, -are but illustrations of what this soil, found among the common -ranks of the Chinese, is capable of producing. - -The twelve thousand dollars saved by the Chinese of California out -of their hard-earned wages, and sent to the sufferers from the -yellow fever in the South, proves that the common sentiments of our -humanity are still surpassingly strong in them. The numbers and -faithfulness of those who have joined the churches prove that they -are susceptible to the influences of the Gospel, while the very -tenacity with which they cling to their old faith but proves the -toughness of the fibre that may some day be employed to conserve -the interests of the Redeemer’s Kingdom. - -4. Again, we may gather courage from the experience we have -already had in conquering difficulties. If this was the first -difficult matter the American Christian people had ever faced, we -might expect them to be puzzled by its intricacy or appalled by its -magnitude; but it is not, for from the moment our fathers planted -their feet upon these shores, we as a people have had to face -obstacles and to overcome them. A color-line, black as night, lay -in the way of citizenship, education, and Christian labor, but we -have crossed it, and we can cross the yellow line as well. - -5. Again we may take courage from the very strait and necessity to -which we are brought. When God brings His people down to the sea, -and all ways are shut up, and still His voice and command are to -go forward, we know that the waters of the sea will be divided, -and we shall go over dry-shod and singing songs of victory beyond. -We cannot shut out the one hundred thousand Chinamen now here, -nor prevent others coming. We cannot go back to the old Chinese -policy of exclusiveness, neither can we permit them to remain as -a foreign element, unsubdued by our institutions or our religion. -Only one thing remains, and that is to subdue them by the power of -the living Saviour brought to them by patient, loving, faithful -Christian hearts and bands. Brethren all, _shall this be done_? - -6. And last of all, I mention the moving forward of Christian -thought and Christian feeling in this direction. - -When the plan was devised to exclude the Chinese, and the President -vetoed the bill, the Christian public upon the Atlantic coast waked -up to the importance of the matter. They opposed his action, they -began to look at this immigration in its true light, to see in it -a grand opportunity, and to lay their plans to avail themselves of -its advantages for the cause of Christ. The greatness of the work -is touching the imagination; its difficulty is awaking a spirit -of heroism, and it is believed by many that we stand upon the -threshold of one of the grandest missionary movements, one of the -grandest crusades that the world has ever seen. Asia, that once -responded to the call from the West, “Come over and help us,” is -now herself uttering the cry, and the Christian world will not long -be insensible to her voice. - -In view of the importance of this work in California among the -Chinese, involving the interests of that great nation beyond the -Pacific, involving the good name of Church and Redeemer, involving -as we believe the perpetuity of our institutions: in view of the -encouragements afforded in God’s word, endorsed by His providences, -by the excellent elements found in the Chinese character, and -by the trophies already gathered; in view of the very necessity -that is laid upon us, and the quickened attention of the churches -toward that people, what is your answer, Christian brethren, -to the practical questions: “Can the Chinese of California be -conquered for Christ? Can the waters of that wide-spreading river -flow to them here, and beyond to the continent of Asia, and shall -they do it? Can the work be done? Will you do it?” These are the -questions for this time, made solemn as the closing hour of your -deliberations, councilings, and prayers. - -I look along the ages, and all is changed. We no longer sit here -in the darkness, the dust, and the noise of the conflict, but stand -upon the Heavenly heights above. The world, in alternate shade and -sunshine, rolls at our feet, and its song, the song of salvation, -pulses up to our listening ears. Both the question that is here -asked, “Will you do it?” and the answer, which I see in your looks -you are giving, “By God’s grace we will!” are mingled with the -sounds of the far past, and in their place rises the word, half -song, half benediction, “Glory to God! we have done it.” To those -high seats we are moving; for that good word we are working and -waiting. - - - - -RECEIPTS - -FOR SEPTEMBER, 1880. - - * * * * * - - - MAINE, $152.54. - - Augusta. John Dorr, $15; Deacon Joel Spaulding, $5 $20.00 - Bangor. Hammond St. Cong. Ch. 100.00 - Hampden. Cong. Ch. 6.86 - Hallowell. M. E. W. 0.50 North Bridgton. Cong. Ch. - and Soc. 7.00 - Norway. Second Cong. Ch. 18.18 - - - NEW HAMPSHIRE, $894.39. - - Acworth. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 14.85 - Atkinson. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00 - Bristol. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.22 - Brookline. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00 - Concord. “A Friend,” 1.00 - Derry. First Cong. Sab. Sch., $20, _for - Student Aid, Talladega C._;—First Cong. Ch. - and Soc., $15 35.00 - Durham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.00 - Fitzwilliam. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 28.50 - Gilmanton Iron Works. Cent. Charitable Soc. of - Cong. Ch. 7.50 - Goffstown. Mrs. Mary A. Stinson 5.00 - Haverhill. Eliza Cross 2.00 - Hillsborough Centre. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.00 - Keene. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 79.86 - Mason. Ladies, _for Wilmington, N. C._ 7.50 - Meredith Village. Cong. Ch. to const. MRS. - IRENE SMITH, L. M. 30.00 - Merrimack. Cong. Ch. 17.65 - Milford. ESTATE of Mrs. Rhoda B. Hutchinson, - by Rev. E. H. Greeley 400.00 - Mount Vernon. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.24 - Nelson. Dea. A. E. W. 1.00 - New Boston. Levi Hooper 100.00 - Pelham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 32.37 - Pittsfield. “A Friend,” 3.00 - Reed’s Ferry. Miss H. McM. 0.50 - Rindge. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 1.75 - Swanzey. Miss M. W. 1.00 - Thornton’s Ferry. Mrs. E. R. and Mrs. H. N. - E., 50c. ea. 1.00 - Warner. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.12 - Westmoreland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 7.33 - Wilton. Second Cong. Ch. 52.00 - - - VERMONT, $1,844.55. - - Burlington. Sarah Parker 2.00 - Chester. “A Friend” 15.00 - Cornwall. Mrs. C. Ellsworth 2.00 - Bridport. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 18.00 - Coventry. Moses C. Pearson 5.00 - Danville. Cong. Sab. Sch. 10.00 - Dummerston. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.06 - East St. Johnsbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc., - $22.50; Mrs. S. L., 25c. 22.75 - Enosburgh. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 17.00 - Grafton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.00 - Jamaica. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Montgomery Centre. Heman Hopkins 3.00 - Morrisville. Mrs. Hannah E. Bailey 2.00 - North Craftsbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 23.00 - Pittsfield. Cong. Ch. 12.00 - Ripton. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.42 - Royalton. A. W. Kenney 10.00 - Saint Johnsbury. “Friends of Missions” 1,000.00 - Saint Johnsbury. North Cong. Ch. 230.00 - Saint Johnsbury Centr. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 2.25 - Sheldon. Cong. Ch. 5.07 - Springfield. “A Friend,” $200; Mrs. F. Parks, - $100; Cong;. Ch. and Soc., $28 328.00 - West Dover. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Westminster. “A Thank Offering” 1.00 - West Salisbury. Mrs. Esther Spencer 5.00 - West Wardsborough. Mrs. T. W. 1.00 - Woodstock. Hon. Frederick Billings 100.00 - - - MASSACHUSETTS, $3,469.30. - - Amherst. Mrs. R. A. Lester 50.00 - Amesbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 12.00 - Ayer. Mrs. C. A. Spaulding 50.00 - Barre. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $24.07, and Sab. - Sch., $29.54; Evan. Cong. Sab. Sch., $21.26 74.87 - Bernardston. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.50 - Boston. Miss E. P. 0.50 - Boston Highlands. Highlands Cong. Ch. and Soc. 76.24 - Brimfield. Ladies’ Charitable Soc. Bbl. of C. - and $2 _for freight, for Savannah, Ga._ 2.00 - Brocton. Porter Evan. Ch. and Soc. 21.70 - Brookfield. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 60.00 - Brookline. Harvard Cong. Ch., $84.84; Wm. H. - White, $10 94.84 - Cambridge. Geo. F. Wade 25.00 - Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., Mon. Con. - Coll. 8.06 - Charlton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $14; Clarissa - Case, $5 19.00 - Chelsea. Anna F. Page, $5; Mrs. A. E. P., 50c. 5.50 - Dorchester. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 1,112.94 - Douglass. Rev. W. W. Dow 5.00 - East Hawley. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 7.25 - East Wareham. M. F. & J. H. Martin 10.00 - Enfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 45.00 - Georgetown. “A Friend” 10.00 - Grantville. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 69.29 - Great Barrington. A. C. T. 1.00 - Greenfield. Jeanette Thompson 5.00 - Holland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.00 - Holliston. H. B. 1.00 - Lancaster. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 46.32 - Lexington. Hancock Cong. Ch. 2.59 - Malden. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 38.02 - Marlborough. Union Cong. Ch. and Soc. 56.00 - Medford. Mrs. E. L. Cummings, Bbl. of C. and - $2, _for freight, for Talladega, Ala._ 2.00 - Melrose. Orth. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 40.31 - Middleborough. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.41 - Milford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 38.40 - Monson. E. F. Morris 50.00 - Newbury. First Cong. Sab. Sch. 10.75 - North Andover. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 60.00 - North Brookfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. - ad’l to const. REV. S. P. WILDER and MRS. - JENNIE WATSON WILDER, L. M’s 50.00 - North Chelmsford. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 29.00 - North Hadley. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 4.56 - North Reading. Cong. Ch. and Soc., Mon. Con. - Coll. 4.00 - Norton. Trin. Ch., by “E. B. W.,” $100; Cong. - Ch. and Soc., $5.50 105.50 - Orange. Mrs. E. W. M. 1.00 - Petersham. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 3.20 - Reading. Bethesda Cong. Ch. and Soc., $151.42 - ($100 of which _for Student Aid, Atlanta, - Ga._,) Bethesda Cong. Sab. Sch., $25 176.42 - Rockland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 75.00 - Rockport. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch., _for - Student Aid, Talladega C._ 40.00 - Salem. Tabernacle Sab. Sch., $20, and Infant - Class, $14, _for Student Aid, Talladega C._ 34.00 - Sandwich. Mrs. Joseph French 5.00 - Sherborn. “A Friend” 3.00 - South Hadley Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 20.00 - South Weymouth. Second Cong. Sab. Sch., Miss - Grover’s Class, _for Student Aid, Atlanta U._ 7.00 - Springfield. Mrs. A. C. Hunt 5.00 - Sudbury. Ladies Miss. Soc., B. of C. and $2.50 - _for freight, Atlanta, Ga._ 2.50 - Taunton. Winslow Ch. 29.00 - Templeton. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 8.22 - Topsfield. Charles Herrick 20.00 - Upton. Miss M. E. C. 1.00 - Walpole. Mrs. C. F. M. 1.00 - Waltham. R. C. 1.00 - Wayland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.00 - Worcester. David Whitcomb, $600, G. Henry - Whitcomb, $100 700.00 - Worcester. Salem St. Cong. Ch. 6.41 - - - RHODE ISLAND, $45.56. - - East Providence. Cong. Ch. 20.56 - Providence. Dea. W. S. King, $20, G. H. Dart, - $5, _for Talladega C._ 25.00 - - - CONNECTICUT, $2,414.86. - - Berlin. Second Cong. Ch. 20.95 - Cheshire. “A Friend,” $20; Cong. Ch., $18.94 38.94 - Chester. Cong. Ch. 50.57 - Eastford. Cong. Ch. 10.00 - East Hartford. First Ch. 20.00 - East Windsor. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. 9.00 - Ellington. Cong. Ch. 51.55 - Farmington. Cong. Ch. Quar. Coll. ($50, of - which from H. D. Hawley, and $3 _for Woman’s - Work for Woman_) 112.04 - Franklin. Cong. Ch. 14.18 - Griswold. Cong. Ch. 40.00 - Gurleyville. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 5.74 - Hanover. Cong. Ch. 17.98 - Hartford. Newton Case, $100, _for Talladega, - C._;—Dr. John R. Lee, $45 145.00 - Lisbon. Cong. Ch. 2.81 - Mansfield Centre. Mrs. S. M. Dewey, $25; Mrs. - B. Swift, $10; Mon. Conn. Coll., $4; _for - Talladega C._;—H. D. R., $1 40.00 - Meriden Centre. Cong. Ch. 18.00 - Monroe. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 6.00 - New Haven. E. Pendleton 15.00 - New London. First Ch. 83.94 - North Woodstock. Rev. F. V. Tenney 5.00 - Norwich. ESTATE of Samuel C. Morgan, by Lewis - A. Hyde, Ex. 73.71 - Norwich. Park Cong. Ch. and Soc., Weekly - Offering (bal.) 186.99 - Plainfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. to const. - MARGARET E. KINNIE, L. M. 33.75 - Preston City. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 31.00 - Salisbury. Mrs. M. M. B. 1.00 - Saybrook. Cong. Ch. 10.11 - Scotland. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 10.00 - South Glastonbury. Cong. Ch. 5.26 - Southport. “A Friend” 50.00 - Thomaston. Cong. Soc. 19.92 - Vernon. Mrs. E. P. Hammond 10.00 - Wallingford. Cong. Ch. 45.35 - Watertown. ESTATE of Jeremiah Barnes, by A. M. - Hungerford, M. D., Ex. 100.00 - Wauregan. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 13.00 - West Hartford. Charles Boswell 250.00 - West Winsted. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc. 18.07 - Winsted. “Friends” 50.00 - —— “A Friend,” _for Talladega C._ 500.00 - —— “A Friend” 200.00 - —— “A Connecticut Friend,” _for Talladega C._ 50.00 - —— “A Friend” 50.00 - - - NEW YORK, $709.61. - - Amsterdam. S. Louise Bell 5.00 - Brooklyn. Miss M. E. Horton, $5, Rev. S. B. - Halliday, bundle of books and newspapers 5.00 - Cortland. Mrs. E. B. Dean 5.00 - Ellington. Mrs. H. B. Rice 10.00 - Gerry. Mrs. M. A. Sears 128.36 - Gloversville. Mrs. L. H. 1.00 - Granby Centre. J. C. Harrington 10.00 - Hamilton. Mrs. S. K. Bardin 5.00 - Harlem. “J. D.” 300.00 - Morrisville. Dea. A. B. DeForest, _for - Talladega C._ 26.00 - New York. C. T. Christensen, $25, Robbins - Battell, $20, _for repairs Talladega - C._;—“A. P. D.” $10 55.00 - Orient. Miss H. M. W. 1.00 - Owego. Rev. E. B. Turner, two packages of - religious newspapers - Seneca Falls. Cong. Ch. “A Friend,” 50.00 - Sherburne. Homer C. Newton, $11, Mrs. Fanny - Rexford, $10, _for Talladega C._ 21.00 - South Edmeston. “Three Friends,” _for - Talladega C._ 3.00 - Syracuse. M. W. Hanchett, $25; Rev. J. C. - Holbrook, D. D., $10 35.00 - Union Valley. Wm. C. Angel 10.00 - Westmoreland. First Cong. Ch. 4.25 - ——. “A Friend” 25.00 - ——. “A Friend” 10.00 - - - NEW JERSEY, $35.60. - - Chester. First Cong. Ch. 19.60 - East Orange. G. A. T. 1.00 - Elizabeth. First Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Newark. Mrs. Abby White 5.00 - Paterson. P. Van Houten 5.00 - - - PENNSYLVANIA, $176.89. - - Hulton. Coll. U. P. Ch., $20, W. W. Grier, - $10.77, _for Student Aid_ 30.77 - Philadelphia. Central Cong. Ch. 143.72 - Sewickly. “E. H. T.”, _for Woman’s Work for - Woman_ 0.40 - Worth. John Burgess 2.00 - - - OHIO, $458.24. - - Andover. O. B. Case 10.00 - Beloit. J. S. and M. H. 50c. ea. 1.00 - Berea. Cong. Ch. 4.36 - Cincinnati. G. W. F. 1.00 - Cleveland. Euclid Ave. Cong. Ch., $15.58, - First Cong. Ch., $14 29.58 - Fredericktown. A. H. Royce 10.00 - Garretsville. HARVEY PIKE, to const. himself - L. M. 30.00 - Gomer. Welsh Cong. Ch. 50.31 - Jersey. Mrs. Lucinda Sinnett 12.00 - Lafayette. Cong. Ch. 5.34 - Lenox. A. J. Holman 10.00 - Mecca. Cong. Ch. 6.00 - Medina. First Cong. Ch., to const. C. J. - RYDER, L. M. 37.45 - Newark. Welsh Cong. Ch. 12.81 - New Richland. Elizabeth Johnston 2.00 - Norwalk. “A Friend” 5.00 - Oberlin. Ladies of Second Cong. Ch., by Mrs. - Dr. Allen, _for Lady Missionary, Atlanta, - Ga._, $75;—Second Cong. Ch., $20.48 95.48 - Plainsville. C. O. H. 0.50 - Plain. Cong. Ch., $10, Woman’s Miss. Soc. of - Cong. Ch., $14.50 24.50 - Saint Clairsville. Wm. Lee, Sr. 2.00 - Saybrook. Cong. Ch. (in part), $20, by Rev. A. - D. Barber;—District No. 3, $10, _for Student - Aid_; “A Friend,” $1.25, _for new building, - Tougaloo Inst._, by Miss E. A. Johnson 31.25 - Sheffield. By Wm. A. Day 8.00 - Steuben. Mrs. M. M. A. 1.00 - Twinsburgh. L. W. and R. F. Green 5.00 - Wellington. Cong. Ch. and Soc. 50.00 - York. Cong. Ch. 12.66 - Youngstown. “A Friend” 1.00 - - - INDIANA, $25.38. - - Bloomfield. “Friends” _for McLeansville, N. C._ 0.30 - Cincinnati. “Friends” _for McLeansville, N. C._ 0.30 - Solsberry. “Friends” _for McLeansville, N. C._ 8.72 - South Bend. R. Burroughs 10.00 - Stanford. “Friends” _for McLeansville, N. C._ 6.06 - - - ILLINOIS, $730.51. - - Amboy. Cong. Ch. 23.40 - Avon. Mrs. Celinda Wood and “Friend,” $2.50 ea. 5.00 - Bunker Hill. Cong. Ch. 27.80 - Chicago. Dr. Wm. Converse, $10; Lincoln Park - Ch. (ad’l) $6; Mrs. Willard Cook, $5; Mrs. - M. C. S., $1 22.00 - Collinsville. Mrs. J. S. Peers, $10; J. A. - Wadsworth and wife, $10 20.00 - Concord. J. J. T. 0.50 - Danville. Cong. Ch. (ad’l) 6.00 - Deer Park. A. W. Day 5.00 - Elgin. Cong. Ch., $61.17; W. G. Hubbard, $40 101.17 - Farmington. Phineas Chapman 60.00 - Geneseo. Henry Nourse, $50, _for Talladega - C._; Mrs. Lucy B. Perry, $5 55.00 - Gridley. Cong. Ch. 10.00 - Jacksonville. Thomas W. and Malvina C. Melendy 15.00 - Joliet. WILLIAM C. STEVENS, bal. to const. - himself L. M. 10.00 - Kewanee. Woman’s Miss. Soc., by Mrs. C. C. - Cully, _for Lady Missionary, Liberty Co., - Ga._ 26.73 - Lake Forest. Mrs. S. A. Nichols 5.00 - Lyndon. Cong. Ch. 5.00 - Oak Park. Cong. Ch. (in part) 35.85 - Peoria. Cong. Ch. 118.58 - Plainfield. Cong. Ch. 16.75 - Plymouth. Cong. Ch. 10.30 - Princeton. Mrs. A. R. Clapp 30.00 - Prospect Park. Mrs. Emma Lloyd 5.00 - Ridgefield. Rev. J. O. 1.00 - Rockton. Cong. Ch. 5.20 - Saint Charles. Ladies’ Miss. Soc. 5.00 - Shabbona. Cong. Ch., to const. MRS. ELIZABETH - GREENFIELD, L. M. 34.45 - Sheffield. First Cong. Ch. ($20 of which _for - Lady Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga._) 30.00 - Springfield. First Cong. Ch., to const. WALTER - SANDERS, L. M. 30.00 - Stillman Valley. Cong. Ch. 9.78 - Toulon. Miss E. M. 1.00 - - - MICHIGAN, $1,359.95. - - Alpena. “S. D. H.” (of which $100, _for ed. of - Indian girls and boys, and_ $100 _for - Woman’s Work for Woman_) 500.00 - Benzonia. First Cong. Ch. 27.69 - Chelsea. Cong. Ch. 21.50 - Detroit. First Cong. Ch., $249.12; Rev. F. T. - Bayley, $20 269.12 - Galesburgh. P. H. Whitford 75.00 - Hopkins. First Cong. Ch. 8.00 - Kalamazoo. Cong. Ch. 11.30 - Laingsburg. Rev. Fayette Hurd 5.00 - Milford. Mrs. E. G. 1.00 - Olivet. Samuel F. Drury, _for Straight U._ 10.00 - Pent Water. Cong. Ch. 7.00 - South Haven. Cong. Ch., $8.75; C. Pierce, $5 13.75 - Summit. Cong. Ch. 6.59 - Union City. “A Friend” 400.00 - Vassar. Mrs. O. W. Selden 2.00 - Warren. Rev. J. L. Beebe 2.00 - - - WISCONSIN, $128.91. - - Alderley. Mrs. E. Hubbard 8.50 - Beloit. Second Cong. Ch. 20.00 - Boscobel. First Cong. Ch. 10.00 - Bristol and Paris. Cong. Ch. 25.00 - Fort Howard. Cong. Ch. 24.00 - Geneva Lake. Presb. Ch. 30.91 - Ripon. Mrs. A. E. U. 0.50 - Shopierre. John H. Cooper 5.00 - Union Grove. Rev. James A. Chamberlain 5.00 - - - IOWA, $336.93. - - Amity. Cong. Ch. 10.00 - Atlantic. Mrs. Milo Whiting, $10, Cong. Sab. - Sch., $6 16.00 - Burlington. Mrs. J. B. N. and Mrs. J. W. G., - 50c. ea. 1.00 - Chester. Cong. Ch. 21.00 - Clinton. W. R. 1.00 - Columbus City. Mrs. Sarah E. Evans 3.56 - Davenport. Edwards Cong. Ch. 100.00 - Des Moines. “Friends,” _for Talladega C._ 32.60 - De Witt. Cong. Ch., $22.23, Cong. Sab. Sch., - $4.79 27.02 - Grinnell. “Friends” $55, Collected by Miss - Mary Magoun, _for Le Moyne Ind. Sch._—Miss - S. Whitcomb’s S. S. Class, $1, _for - Talladega C._ 56.00 - Iowa City. D. W. C. Clapp, $25.00, J. S. - Turner, $5, _for Talladega C._ 30.00 - Keokuk. F. N. French 10.00 - Postville. Cong. Ch. 6.75 - Red Oak. Cong. Ch. 15.00 - Tabor. “A Friend” 1.00 - Tipton. Cong. Ch. 6.00 - - - MISSOURI, $9.10. - - Amity. Cong. Ch. (ad’l) 2.60 - Kahoka. Dea. Moses Allen 1.50 - Laclede. “E. D. S. and S. A. S.” 5.00 - - - KANSAS, $10.00. - - Osawatomie. Cong. Ch. 10.00 - - - MINNESOTA, $69.83. - - Cannon Falls. First Cong. Ch. 7.88 - Medford. Cong. Ch. 4.00 - Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch., $42.67; First Cong. - Ch., $11.78 54.45 - Rushford. Wm. W. Snell 1.50 - Saint Paul. Anna Baker 2.00 - - - NEBRASKA, $19.00. - - Beatrice. Mrs. B. F. Hotchkiss 5.00 - Columbus. Cong. Ch., $3.50; Mrs. J. T. C., 50c. 4.00 - Exeter. Mission Band, “Cheerful Givers,” Cong. - Ch., by Florence Dean 5.00 - Omaha. Mrs. Nancy M. Tracy 5.00 - - - ARKANSAS, 50c. - - Washington. Miss J. R. M. 0.50 - - - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, $38.00. - - Washington. “M. S. C.,” $20; First Cong. Ch., - $18 38.00 - - - MARYLAND, $10.00. - - Federalsburg. Sarah A. Beals 10.00 - - - TENNESSEE, $2.00. - - Nashville. Individuals, by H. C. Gray 2.00 - - - ALABAMA, $153.70. - - Montgomery. Cong. Ch. 144.00 - Selma. Cong. Ch. 9.70 - - - NORTH CAROLINA, $2.50. - - Raleigh. Tuition 2.50 - - - SOUTH CAROLINA, $77.65. - - Charleston. Cong. Ch., $46.65; “Friends,” by - Rev. Temple Cutler, $31 77.65 - - - TEXAS, $1.00. - - Paris. Sab. Sch., by Rev. J. W. Roberts, _for - Mendi M._ 1.00 - - - INCOME FUND, $4,198.00. - - Avery Fund, _for Mendi M._ 3,138.00 - Le Moyne Fund 660.00 - C. F. Hammond Fund 300.00 - C. F. Dike Fund, _for Straight U._ 50.00 - General Fund 50.00 - ———————— - —— 0.50 - ———————— - Total for Sept. 17,375.00 - Total from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th $178,344.61 - - * * * * * - - FOR TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INST., AUSTIN, TEXAS. - - Exeter, N. H. Mrs. A. F. Odlin and Miss E. - Bell, Box of Bedding and $2 _for Freight_ $2.00 - Hampton, N. H. Woman’s Missionary Soc., by - Mrs. L. E. Dow, $13 and Box of Bedding, - value $19.50 13.00 - Andover, Mass. John Smith 250.00 - Florence, Mass. A. L. Williston 500.00 - Holliston, Mass. Ladies’ Benev. Society of - Cong. Ch., by Mrs. J. A. Johnson, Sec. 12.00 - Hopkinton, Mass. Ladies, by Mrs. Sarah B. - Crooks, $25; and Bbl. of Bedding, val. $25 25.00 - Northampton, Mass. Ladies of First Church, by - Miss Wright 25.00 - Hartford, Conn. Mrs. L. C. Dewing 25.00 - Jewett City, Conn. Ladies’ Sewing Soc., $12.25 - and Box of Bedding; “Friends,” 80 vols. _for - Library_ 12.25 - Norwich, Conn. “A Friend” 400.00 - Plantsville, Conn. Ladies’ Industrial Soc., - Bundle of Bedding. - Putnam, Conn. Ladies of Second Cong. Ch., by - Mrs. Geo. Buck, $37.40, and Box of Bedding, - with 30 vols. _for Library_ 37.40 - Round Hill, Conn. Mrs. Charles Knapp 2.00 - Wethersfield, Conn. Ladies, by Mrs. E. John, - $28 and Box of Bedding, value $17.50; Rev. - A. C. Adams, 50 vols. _for Library_ 28.00 - Sag Harbor, N. Y. “A few Ladies,” by Mrs. A. - E. Westfall 25.00 - ————————— - Total 1,356.65 - Previously acknowledged in August receipts 6,238.00 - ————————— - Total $7,594.65 - - * * * * * - - FOR SCHOOL BUILDING, ATHENS, ALA. - - Fredonia, N. Y. “Friends” 30.00 - Jamestown, N. Y. Mrs. Bly’s S. S. Class 10.00 - Mansfield, Ohio. Cong. Ch. 25.00 - New Albany, Ind. Mrs. Sarah Conner 5.00 - Detroit, Mich. Mrs. Z. Eddy, $3; Mrs. Warner, - $5 8.00 - Memphis, Mich. Cong. Sab. Sch. 5.00 - Portland, Mich. Rev. J. L. Maile 6.00 - Vermontville, Mich. Mrs. H., $1, Mrs. S. C., $1 2.00 - Selma, Ala. Cong. Sab. Sch. 25.00 - ——————— - Total 116.00 - Previously acknowledged in August receipts 980.01 - ————————— - Total $1,096.01 - - * * * * * - - FOR NEGRO REFUGEES. - - Received from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th 444.75 - ——————————— - Total amount from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th, 1880 $187,480.02 - - * * * * * - - FOR MISSIONS IN AFRICA. - - Received from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th 6,576.48 - - * * * * * - - STONE FUND. - - Received from Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, Malden, - Mass., at the hands of Messrs. P. S. Page, - I. M. Cutler, and W. H. Wilcox, Trustees, - for the benefit of the Educational - Institutions under the care of the - Association 150,000.00 - - * * * * * - - AVERY FUND. - - Amount received from Executor 408.92 - ——————— - - H. W. HUBBARD, _Treas._ - 56 Reade St., N. Y. - - - - -Constitution of the American Missionary Association. - -INCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849. - - * * * * * - - -ART. I. This Society shall be called “THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY -ASSOCIATION.” - - -ART. II. The object of this Association shall be to conduct -Christian missionary and educational operations, and diffuse a -knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other countries -which are destitute of them, or which present open and urgent -fields of effort. - - -ART. III. Any person of evangelical sentiments,[A] who professes -faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a slaveholder, or in the -practice of other immoralities, and who contributes to the funds, -may become a member of the Society; and by the payment of thirty -dollars, a life member; provided that children and others who have -not professed their faith may be constituted life members without -the privilege of voting. - - -ART. IV. This Society shall meet annually, in the month of -September, October or November, for the election of officers and -the transaction of other business, at such time and place as shall -be designated by the Executive Committee. - - -ART. V. The annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular -officers and members of the Society at the time of such meeting, -and of delegates from churches, local missionary societies, -and other co-operating bodies, each body being entitled to one -representative. - - -ART. VI. The officers of the Society shall be a President, -Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretaries, -Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee of not less -than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries shall be -advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members. - - -ART. VII. To the Executive Committee shall belong the collecting -and disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, sustaining -and dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) missionaries and -agents; the selection of missionary fields; and, in general, the -transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the -executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies; -the Committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the -missionaries; and its doings to be subject always to the revision -of the annual meeting, which shall, by a reference mutually -chosen, always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or -missionary; and the decision of such reference shall be final. - -The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies -occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings; -to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature for acts of -incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any is given, of all -officers, agents, missionaries, or others in the employment of the -Society; to make provision, if any, for disabled missionaries, and -for the widows and children of such as are deceased; and to call, -in all parts of the country, at their discretion, special and -general conventions of the friends of missions, with a view to the -diffusion of the missionary spirit, and the general and vigorous -promotion of the missionary work. - -Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for -transacting business. - - -ART. VIII. This society, in collecting funds, in appointing -officers, agents and missionaries, and in selecting fields -of labor, and conducting the missionary work, will endeavor -particularly to discountenance slavery, by refusing to receive the -known fruits of unrequited labor, or to welcome to its employment -those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves. - - -ART. IX. Missionary bodies, churches or individuals agreeing to -the principles of this Society, and wishing to appoint and sustain -missionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so through the -agency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually agreed upon. - - -ART. X. No amendment shall be made to this Constitution without -the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular -annual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment has been -submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee in -season to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to do, if -so submitted) in the regular official notifications of the meeting. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[A] By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among others, a -belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a -Saviour; the Supreme Deity, Incarnation and Atoning Sacrifice -of Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the necessity -of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, repentance, faith and holy -obedience in order to salvation; the immortality of the soul; and -the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of the -wicked, and salvation of the righteous. - - - - -The American Missionary Association. - - * * * * * - - -AIM AND WORK. - -To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy with -the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has devoted its -main efforts to preparing the FREEDMEN for their duties as citizens -and Christians in America and as missionaries in Africa. As closely -related to this, it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted CHINESE -in America, and to co-operate with the Government in its humane -and Christian policy towards the INDIANS. It has also a mission in -AFRICA. - - -STATISTICS. - -CHURCHES: _In the South_—in Va., 1; N. C., 6; S. C., 2; Ga., 13; -Ky., 6; Tenn., 4; Ala., 14; La., 17; Miss., 4; Texas, 6. _Africa_, -2. _Among the Indians_, 1. Total 76. - -INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED, FOSTERED OR SUSTAINED IN THE -SOUTH.—_Chartered_: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, Ala., -Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss., New Orleans, La.; -and Austin, Texas, 8. _Graded or Normal Schools_: at Wilmington, -Raleigh, N. C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S. C.; Savannah, Macon, -Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, Ala.; Memphis, -Tenn., 12. _Other Schools_, 24. Total 44. - -TEACHERS, MISSIONARIES AND ASSISTANTS.—Among the Freedmen, 284; -among the Chinese, 22; among the Indians, 11; in Africa, 13. Total, -330. STUDENTS—In Theology, 102; Law, 23; in College Course, 75; -in other studies, 7,852. Total, 8,052. Scholars taught by former -pupils of our schools, estimated at 150,000. INDIANS under the care -of the Association, 13,000. - - -WANTS. - -1. A steady INCREASE of regular income to keep pace with the -growing work. This increase can only be reached by _regular_ and -_larger_ contributions from the churches—the feeble as well as the -strong. - -2. ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS for our higher educational institutions, to -accommodate the increasing numbers of students; MEETING HOUSES for -the new churches we are organizing; MORE MINISTERS, cultured and -pious, for these churches. - -3. HELP FOR YOUNG MEN, to be educated as ministers here and -missionaries to Africa—a pressing want. - -Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A. -office, as below: - - NEW YORK H. W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street. - BOSTON Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Room 21 Congregational House. - CHICAGO Rev. Jas. Powell, 112 West Washington Street. - - -MAGAZINE. - -This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the -Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all clergymen -who take up collections for the Association; to Superintendents of -Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to Theological Seminaries; -to Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and to every donor who does -not prefer to take it as a subscriber, and contributes in a year -not less than five dollars. - -Those who wish to remember the AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION in -their last Will and Testament, are earnestly requested to use the -following - - -FORM OF A BEQUEST. - -“I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars in -trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person -who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the -‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be applied, -under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, -to its charitable uses and purposes.” - -The will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States -three are required—in other States only two], who should write -against their names, their places of residence [if in cities, -their street and number]. The following form of attestation will -answer for every State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published -and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, -in presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in -his presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto -subscribed our names as witnesses.” In some States it is required -that the Will should be made at least two months before the death -of the testator. - - * * * * * - - - - - PAYSON’S - - Indelible Ink, - - FOR MARKING ANY FABRIC WITH A - COMMON PEN, WITHOUT A - PREPARATION. - - It still stands unrivaled after 50 years’ test, - - _THE SIMPLEST & BEST._ - -Sales now greater than ever before. - -This Ink received the Diploma and Medal at Centennial over all -rivals. - -Report of Judges: “For simplicity of application and indelibility.” - - INQUIRE FOR - - PAYSON’S COMBINATION!!! - -Sold by all Druggists, Stationers and News Agents, and by many -Fancy Goods and Furnishing Houses. - - - * * * * * - - - “IMPORTANT TO CLERGYMEN.” - - Prince’s Improved Fountain Pen. - -[Illustration: CAP THE HANDLE CONTAINS THE INK] - -As now improved, saves one-third the time. - -“If I were bereft of it, I should feel myself bereft of my right -hand.”—REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, _Ed. Ch. Union_ - -Can be sent by mail in a registered letter. Send for circulars. -Manufactured by - - JOHN S. PURDY, - 212 Broadway, Cor. Fulton St., New York. - - - * * * * * - - - NEW AND IMPROVED STYLES THIS SEASON. - - MASON - AND - HAMLIN - ORGANS - -BEST IN THE WORLD: winners of highest distinction at EVERY GREAT -WORLD’S FAIR FOR THIRTEEN YEARS. Prices, $51, $57, $66, $84, $108, -to $508 and upward. For easy payments, $6.30 a quarter and upward. -Catalogues free. MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN CO., 154 Tremont Street, -Boston; 46 East 14th Street, NEW YORK; 149 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO. - - - * * * * * - - - J. & R. LAMB, - 59 Carmine St., N. Y. - CHURCH FURNISHERS - - [Illustration] - - Memorial Windows, Memorial Tablets, - Sterling Silver Communion Services. - SEND FOR CIRCULAR. - - - * * * * * - - - CLINTON H. MENEELY BELL COMPANY, - - Successors to Meneely & Kimberly, - - BELL FOUNDERS, TROY, N. Y. - - Manufacture a superior quality of BELLS. - Special attention given to =CHURCH BELLS=. - ☞ Catalogues sent free to parties needing bells. - - - * * * * * - - - Brown Brothers & Co. - - 59 WALL STREET, - - NEW YORK. - -=Buy and Sell Bills of Exchange= on Great Britain and Ireland, -France, Germany, Belgium and Holland, =Issue Commercial and -Travelers’ Credits, in Sterling=, available in any part of the -world, and in =Francs= for use in Martinique and Guadeloupe. - - Make Telegraphic Transfers of Money - - Between this and other countries, through London - and Paris. - -=Make Collection of Drafts drawn abroad= in all parts of the United -States and Canada, and of =Drafts drawn in the United States= on -Foreign Countries. - -=Travelers’ Credits= issued either against cash deposited or -satisfactory guarantee of repayment: In Dollars for use in the -United States and adjacent countries; or in Pounds Sterling for use -in any part of the World. Applications for credits may be addressed -as above direct, or through any first-class Bank or Banker. - - BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., - 26 Chapel St., Liverpool. - - BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., - Founder’s Court, Lothbury, London. - - - * * * * * - - - W. & B. DOUGLAS, - - Middletown, Conn., - - MANUFACTURERS OF - - PUMPS, - -HYDRAULIC RAMS, GARDEN ENGINES, PUMP CHAIN AND FIXTURES, IRON -CURBS, YARD HYDRANTS, STREET WASHERS, ETC. - -[Illustration] - -Highest Medal awarded them by the Universal Exposition at Paris, -France, in 1867; Vienna, Austria, in 1873; and Philadelphia, 1876. - - Founded in 1832. - - Branch Warehouses: - 85 & 87 John St. - NEW YORK, - AND - 197 Lake Street, - CHICAGO. - - _For Sale by all Regular Dealers._ - - - * * * * * - - - THE THIRTY-FOURTH VOLUME - - OF THE - - AMERICAN MISSIONARY, - - 1880. - - * * * * * - - -We have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing -appreciation of the MISSIONARY during the past year, and purpose to -spare no effort to make its pages of still greater value to those -interested in the work which it records. - -A little effort on the part of our friends, when making their own -remittances, to induce their neighbors to unite in forming Clubs, -will easily double our list, and thus widen the influence of our -Magazine, and aid in the enlargement of our work. - -Under the editorial supervision of Rev. C. C. PAINTER, aided by the -steady contributions of our intelligent Missionaries and teachers -in all parts of the field, and with occasional communications from -careful observers and thinkers elsewhere, the AMERICAN MISSIONARY -furnishes a vivid and reliable picture of the work going forward -among the Indians, the Chinamen on the Pacific Coast, and the -Freedmen as citizens in the South and as Missionaries in Africa. - -It will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting -the races among which it labors, and will give a monthly summary of -current events relating to their welfare and progress. - -Patriots and Christians interested in the education and -Christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it, and -assist in its circulation. - -The Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if preferred, to the -persons indicated on page 384. - -Donations and subscriptions should be sent to - - H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer, - 56 Reade Street, New York. - - * * * * * - - - TO ADVERTISERS. - -Special attention is invited to the advertising department of the -AMERICAN MISSIONARY. Among its regular readers are thousands of -Ministers of the Gospel, Presidents, Professors and Teachers in -Colleges, Theological Seminaries and Schools; it is, therefore, -a specially valuable medium for advertising Books, Periodicals, -Newspapers, Maps, Charts, Institutions of Learning, Church -Furniture, Bells, Household Goods, &c. - -Advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for -space in its columns, considering the extent and character of its -circulation. - -Advertisements must be received by the TENTH of the month, in order -to secure insertion in the following number. All communications in -relation to advertising should be addressed to - - THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT, - 56 Reade Street, New York. - - * * * * * - -☞ Our friends who are interested in the Advertising Department of -the “American Missionary” can aid us in this respect by mentioning, -when ordering goods, that they saw them advertised in our Magazine. - - -DAVID H. GILDERSLEEVE, PRINTER, 101 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes: - -Obvious printer’s punctuation errors have been corrected. Letters -missing from printing, where an empty space had been left for the -letter, were inserted. Inconsistent hyphenation retained due to -multiple authors. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary, Volume 34, -No. 11, November 1880, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN MISSIOARY, NOV 1880 *** - -***** This file should be named 55008-0.txt or 55008-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/0/0/55008/ - -Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The American Missionary, Volume 34, No. 11, November 1880 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: June 30, 2017 [EBook #55008] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN MISSIOARY, NOV 1880 *** - - - - -Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div> - <hr class="full" /> - <div> - <p class="float-left smcap">Vol. XXXIV.</p> - <p class="float-right smcap">No. 11.</p> - </div> - <h1><span class="small">THE</span><br />AMERICAN MISSIONARY.</h1> - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="wrap"><p class="centerline">“To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.”</p></div> - <hr class="chap" /> - <div class="wrap"><p class="centerline xlarge">NOVEMBER, 1880.</p></div> -</div> - -<p class="center xxxlarge">ANNUAL MEETING.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="wrap"><h2><i>CONTENTS</i>:</h2> - <div class="center"> - <table class="toc" summary="Table of Contents"> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">EDITORIAL.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Paragraphs</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_321">321</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Financial—Proceedings at Annual Meeting</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_322">322</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Heroism and Statesmanship: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. Alex. Hannay, D. D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_325">325</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">General Survey</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_326">326</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Summary of Treasurer’s Report</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_334">334</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of Committee on Finance and Enlargement</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_335">335</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Why We Should Enlarge: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D.D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_336">336</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Sacrificial Living and Giving: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. A. F. Beard, D.D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_340">340</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Working out the Equation: <span class="chaplinen">District Secretary Powell</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_342">342</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE FREEDMEN.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of Committee on Educational Work</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_344">344</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Christian Education: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. Addison P. Foster</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_345">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">A Sample State: <span class="chaplinen">Pres. H. S. Deforest</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_347">347</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of Committee on Church Work</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_350">350</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Our Disadvantages and Advantages: <span class="chaplinen">Field Sup’t J. E. Roy, D.D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_351">351</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Need and the Opportunity: <span class="chaplinen">Prof. Wm. J. Tucker, D.D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_354">354</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">AFRICA.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_357">357</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Mendi Mission: <span class="chaplinen">Prof. T. N. Chase</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_359">359</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Call to the Association: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. H. M. Ladd</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_363">363</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE INDIANS.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_364">364</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Causes of the Mismanagement of Indian Affairs: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. A. H. Bradford.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_365">365</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Letter from General Fisk</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_370">370</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="conthead" colspan="2">THE CHINESE.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Report of the Committee</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_372">372</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">The Two Methods: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D.</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_372">372</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="chapline">Our Grounds of Encouragement: <span class="chaplinen">Rev. Samuel Scoville</span></td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_375">375</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="toc-chapter pp2">RECEIPTS</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_379">379</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="toc-chapter smcap">Constitution</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_383">383</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="toc-chapter smcap">Aim, Statistics, Wants</td> - <td class="linenum"><a href="#Page_384">384</a></td> - </tr> - </table> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="box p1"> -<p><img style="float: left;" src="images/bighand.jpg" width="104" height="37" alt="pointing hand" /> -This number of the <span class="smcap">American Missionary</span> is sent to some -persons whose names are not among our subscribers, with the -hope that they will read it, become interested in the work it -represents, and subscribe for it. Terms, 50 cents per annum. -Subscriptions may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Esq., Treasurer, 56 -Reade Street, New York.</p> -</div> - -<p class="center medium">Entered at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class -matter.</p> - -<hr class="full"/> - - -<h2>American Missionary Association,</h2> - -<p class="center">56 READE STREET, N. Y.</p> - -<hr class="quarter" /> - -<p class="center p1 small">PRESIDENT.</p> -<p class="center medium medium"><span class="smcap">Hon. E. S. TOBEY</span>, Boston.</p> - - -<div> -<p class="position">VICE-PRESIDENTS.</p> - -<table class="medium"><tr><td class="tdpr"> - Hon. <span class="smcap">F. D. Parish</span>, Ohio.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">E. D. Holton</span>, Wis.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">William Claflin</span>, Mass.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Stephen Thurston</span>, D. D., Me.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Samuel Harris</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Wm. C. Chapin</span>, Esq., R. I.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">W. T. Eustis</span>, D. D., Mass.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">A. C. Barstow</span>, R. I.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Thatcher Thayer</span>, D. D., R. I.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Ray Palmer</span>, D. D., N. J.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Edward Beecher</span>, D. D., N. Y.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">J. M. Sturtevant</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">W. W. Patton</span>, D. D., D. C.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">Seymour Straight</span>, La.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Cyrus W. Wallace</span>, D. D., N. H.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Edward Hawes</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Douglas Putnam</span>, Esq., Ohio.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">Thaddeus Fairbanks</span>, Vt.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">M. M. G. Dana</span>, D. D., Minn.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">H. W. Beecher</span>, N. Y.<br /> - Gen. <span class="smcap">O. O. Howard</span>, Washington Ter.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">G. F. Magoun</span>, D. D., Iowa.<br /> - Col. <span class="smcap">C. G. Hammond</span>, Ill.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Edward Spaulding</span>, M. D., N. H.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Wm. M. Barbour</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">W. L. Gage</span>, D. D., Ct.<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. S. Hatch</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">J. H. Fairchild</span>, D. D., Ohio.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">H. A. Stimson</span>, Mass.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">A. L. Stone</span>, D. D., California.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">G. H. Atkinson</span>, D. D., Oregon. -</td> -<td> - Rev. <span class="smcap">J. E. Rankin</span>, D. D., D. C.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">A. L. Chapin</span>, D. D., Wis.<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. D. Smith</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> - Dea. <span class="smcap">John C. Whitin</span>, Mass.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">J. B. Grinnell</span>, Iowa.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Horace Winslow</span>, Ct.<br /> - Sir <span class="smcap">Peter Coats</span>, Scotland.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Henry Allon</span>, D. D., London, Eng.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Wm. E. Whiting</span>, Esq., N. Y.<br /> - <span class="smcap">J. M. Pinkerton</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> - <span class="smcap">E. A. Graves</span>, Esq., N. J.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">F. A. Noble</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Daniel Hand</span>, Esq., Ct.<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. L. Williston</span>, Esq., Mass.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">A. F. Beard</span>, D. D., N. Y.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Frederick Billings</span>, Esq., Vt.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Joseph Carpenter</span>, Esq., R. I.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">E. P. Goodwin</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">C. L. Goodell</span>, D. D., Mo.<br /> - <span class="smcap">J. W. Scoville</span>, Esq., Ill.<br /> - <span class="smcap">E. W. Blatchford</span>, Esq., Ill.<br /> - <span class="smcap">C. D. Talcott</span>, Esq., Ct.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">John K. McLean</span>, D. D., Cal.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Richard Cordley</span>, D. D., Kansas.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">W. H. Willcox</span>, D. D., Mass.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">G. B. Willcox</span>, D. D., Ill.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Wm. M. Taylor</span>, D. D., N. Y.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">Geo. M. Boynton</span>, Mass.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">E. B. Webb</span>, D. D., Mass.<br /> - Hon. <span class="smcap">C. J. Walker</span>, Mich.<br /> - Rev. <span class="smcap">A. H. Ross</span>, Mich. -</td></tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p class="position">CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.</p> - -<p class="center medium"><span class="smcap">Rev.</span> M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., <i>56 Reade Street, N. Y.</i></p> - -<p class="position">DISTRICT SECRETARIES.</p> -<div class="center medium"> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> C. L. WOODWORTH, <i>Boston</i>.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> G. D. PIKE, D. D., <i>New York</i>.<br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> JAS. POWELL, <i>Chicago</i>.<br /> -<br /> - H. W. HUBBARD, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span>, <i>Treasurer, N. Y.</i><br /> - <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> M. E. STRIEBY, <i>Recording Secretary</i>.<br /> -</div> - -<p class="position">EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.</p> - -<table class="medium"><tr> -<td class="tdpr"> - <span class="smcap">Alonzo S. Ball</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. S. Barnes</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">C. T. Christensen</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">H. L. Clapp</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Clinton B. Fisk</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Addison P. Foster</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">S. B. Halliday</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">A. J. Hamilton</span>, -</td> -<td class="tdpr"> - <span class="smcap">Samuel Holmes</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Charles A. Hull</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Edgar Ketchum</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Chas. L. Mead</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Samuel S. Marples</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">Wm. T. Pratt</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">J. A. Shoudy</span>,<br /> - <span class="smcap">John H. Washburn</span>. -</td></tr> -</table> - - -<p class="center p1 small">COMMUNICATIONS</p> - -<p class="center medium">relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the -Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields to -the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the “American -Missionary,” to Rev. <span class="smcap">C. C. Painter</span>, at the New York Office.</p> - - -<p class="center p1 small">DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS</p> - -<p class="medium">may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New -York, or when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 -Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street, -Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a -Life Member.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></p> - -<div class="article"> -<div> -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="center">THE</p> -<p class="center xxlarge">AMERICAN MISSIONARY.</p> -<hr class="full top" /> - -<div> -<div class="third" style="padding-left: 2%"><span class="smcap">Vol. XXXIV.</span></div> -<div class="third center">NOVEMBER, 1880.</div> -<div class="third right">No. 11.</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full bottom" /> -<h2>American Missionary Association.</h2> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>This <span class="smcap">Missionary</span>, as will be seen, is an Annual Meeting -number. We have endeavored to give a glimpse at the things -which were said and done at Norwich. We have been able to -give almost nothing entire, except the briefer of the reports -of the Committees. For Dr. McKenzie’s sermon we must refer -to the <cite>Advance</cite> of Oct. 28; for Dr. Taylor’s paper, to the -<cite>Congregationalist</cite> Supplement of Oct. 20; for Mr. Carroll’s -review of missions, to the <cite>Independent</cite> of Oct. 28. For the rest, -we have crowded what we could into this double number of the -<span class="smcap">Missionary</span>.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We are under renewed obligations to our denominational newspapers -for their editorial representation at our anniversary, and their -full and discriminating reports of our proceedings.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Our Annual Meeting in the Broadway Church, Norwich, awakened, in -the minds of many, encouraging comparison with the Anniversary of -this Association held in the same place 19 years ago. It was in -the fall of 1861. Our country was just settling into the heavy -tug of war. And yet one of the headings of the Annual Report -was: “Enlargement demanded.” See how God has fulfilled that -aspiration in the enlargement of our finances, of our constituency, -of our field, of our work. The $51,819 of that year, upon the -recommendation of the Boston Council in 1865, came up to $250,000 -and $3,000 more, and the average of these fifteen years has been -that same sum, $253,000. All the work we then had at the South, -the very first of the kind that was done, was that of the one -missionary and one teacher among the 1,800 “contrabands,” who at -that point had pressed through our lines. But the men of that -meeting, believing that the day of freedom was at hand, and -praying,—in the words of one of Governor Buckingham’s State -papers—that “the country might be carried through the crisis -in such a manner as should forever check the spirit of anarchy, -bring peace to a distracted people, and preserve, strengthen -and perpetuate our National Union,” did solemnly and grandly -resolve “to follow the armies of the United States with faithful -missionaries and teachers”. You know how this Association did -follow those armies<a class="pagenum" name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a> across the sunny South, and how it turned -its own forces into an army of occupation, until its field became -identical with the realm of our national flag.</p> - -<p>Now this marvelous enlargement, attained within less than two -decades, has brought us to “the cross of our success.” Shall we -take up that cross? Shall we consecrate ourselves to bear the -burden of obligation which this extension of our work lays upon us? -May we discern this call of God for enlargement, even as did the -good men of that day?</p> - -<p>The chief officers of this Association, the President, Rev. David -Thurston, the Treasurer, Lewis Tappan, with his brother Arthur, the -Secretaries, George Whipple and S. S. Jocelyn, now on high, were -all here on this platform, bearing up against the discouragements -of the way, and by their great faith inciting the people to “go -forward.” “The workers die, but God carries on the work.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>A SUGGESTION—FINANCIAL.</h3> - -<p>We have passed another milestone in our work. The reports and -extracts from addresses made at the recent annual meeting, and -placed before our constituents in this double number of the -<span class="smcap">Missionary</span>, tell how far we have progressed, and indicate -something of the demands that the journey beyond is already making -upon us.</p> - -<p>A perusal of these papers will show that the enthusiasm of earnest -conviction characterized the Norwich meeting. The success of -the past, no less than the present exigent needs of the field -in every department, focused the thought of the meeting on one -thing—enlargement of the work.</p> - -<p>But the spirit that pervaded the annual meeting must in some way -or other be carried over to the churches. Enlargement of the work -means necessarily enlargement of resources. There must be at least -an increase of twenty-five per cent. over the contributions of last -year. It is a good time now to lay plans to secure this. We would -suggest to pastors and others having charge of missionary meetings, -that, as far as possible, the next monthly concert be made the -occasion of bringing before the churches the interesting facts -regarding the work of the American Missionary Association presented -at the Norwich meeting. By possessing the minds of the people with -intelligence, and their hearts with interest regarding the work, -the needed increase in contributions, we believe, will be easily -secured.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.</h3> - -<p>The thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Association had for its -meeting place the commodious Broadway Church in the beautiful -city of Norwich, Conn. It was favored with perfect autumnal days, -bountiful and beautiful hospitality, and a large and sustained -attendance at all its sessions.</p> - -<p>President Tobey being detained from attendance, the chair was -occupied by Vice-Presidents Dr. Wm. L. Gage, of Hartford, and Dr. -Wm. W. Patton, of Howard University, and at the closing session by -Dr. L. T. Chamberlain, pastor of the church in which the meetings -were held. Rev. Geo. M. Boynton was elected Secretary, and Revs. -C. P. Osborne and J. H. Isham, Assistant Secretaries of the -meeting. Dr. Langworthy, of Massachusetts, conducted the opening -devotional services. The Treasurer read his report. The report of -the Executive Committee was read by Secretary Strieby, after which -an hour was spent in prayer, reminiscence and thanksgiving.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></p> - -<p>Dr. Alex. McKenzie, of Cambridge, Mass., preached the Annual -Sermon, his text being Ex. ii.:9—“Take this child away and nurse -it for me.” The thought elaborated with great force and beauty was -the claim of the child, the African race, upon the King’s daughter, -the Church of God.</p> - -<p>Wednesday morning the prayer meeting was led by Rev. R. B. -Howard, of Massachusetts. Part of the morning was devoted to -presentations of missionary work outside of the special limits -of the Association. A paper, valuable for its clearness and -comprehensiveness, on “Recent Progress of Protestant Missions,” was -read by Mr. H. K. Carroll, one of the editors of the <cite>Independent</cite>, -in whose care is their excellent missionary column. Mr. Eugene -Reveillaud then addressed the Association, through Rev. Mr. Dodds, -who acted as his interpreter, on the recent remarkable religious -movements in France. Mr. Dodds and Rev. L. W. Bacon spoke briefly -on the same subject.</p> - -<p>The Committees to which had been assigned the various departments -of the work as represented in the official papers, then in order -reported, and addresses were made on the subjects of which they -treated.</p> - -<p>1. The church work. The report was presented by Prof. Wm. J. -Tucker, D. D., of Andover Theological Seminary, and was sustained -by him in an able and suggestive address, showing the kind of -religion needed by the negro and the progress already made. Dr. Roy -followed with a statement of the disadvantages under which this -department of our work was compelled to labor, and, on the other -hand, of the favorable circumstances by which it was assisted.</p> - -<p>2. The Indian report was read by Rev. A. H. Bradford, of New -Jersey, after which General Armstrong spoke of the educational -experiment at Hampton, its success and its needs. A company of the -Indian pupils on their way from their summer homes in Berkshire -County, Mass., added, by their presence on the platform and by -simple exercises, to the impressiveness of the plea. Mr. Bradford -sustained the report made by him in a forcible address, showing the -evils of the treaty and reservation systems, and the need of still -further reform in our civil service.</p> - -<p>3. The educational work (South) was reported on Wednesday -evening by Rev. Addison P. Foster, of New Jersey, Chairman of -the Committee. Dr. Wm. M. Taylor, of New York, followed with a -strong plea. Its leading illustration was drawn from the feeding -of the five thousand; when the disciples came to the Master and -said, “Send the multitudes away;” to whom he replied, “They need -not depart, give ye them to eat.” Mr. Foster also sustained the -report read by him. He demonstrated the greatness of the need and -the religious character of the education demanded and sought to be -supplied by our schools.</p> - -<p>Thursday morning, after the prayer meeting, which was led by Rev. -F. Williams of Connecticut, Rev. H. S. De Forest, President of -Talladega College, spoke in continuation of the discussion of the -report on education, setting forth the wants of Alabama and the -condition and needs of Talladega. Rev. Wm. E. Brooks, just elected -to the Presidency of Tillotson Institute, in Texas, gave his creed -in regard to the work before him, in a brief address full of -animation and hopefulness. He was followed by Professor Fairchild, -of Berea College, who spoke of the influence of that Institution in -doing away the prejudices of the whole community in which it was -located. Dr. I. P. Warren, of Maine, also spoke briefly. District -Secretary Powell, of Chicago, closed the discussion of this largest -department of the work of the Association.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></p> - -<p>4. The African Missions were reported on by Rev H. M. Ladd, of -Walton, New York, who followed the report with a brief address. -Professor T. N. Chase, of Atlanta, Georgia, who recently has -returned from a visit of inspection to the Mendi Mission, gave an -account of the field, of the location of the mission, with its -drawbacks and hopeful signs frankly and fully contrasted. Rev. -Lewis Grant followed briefly. Dr. Patton also spoke on this topic.</p> - -<p>5. The Finance Committee reported through its Chairman, Rev. -Wm. H. Willcox, D.D., commending the business management of the -Association, and making it clear that the $150,000 recently -received for buildings in no wise lessened the demands upon the -treasury or the dependence of the treasury upon the churches. -Secretary Strieby followed, urging the need of the enlargement of -the work. Dr. A. F. Beard, of New York, read a most suggestive -paper on Giving as an important part of the sacrificial life to -which the Christian is called. He was followed by Dr. Chamberlain -in an earnest plea for justice and restitution to the races which -our race has so deeply wronged, and briefly by President Magoun of -Iowa College.</p> - -<p>6. The Chinese report was read on Thursday evening by Dr. Lyman -Abbott, of New York, and supported by him. In his address he -stated fully and frankly the possible dangers arising from -Chinese immigration, and the two methods by which they might be -averted. Rev. Samuel Scoville, of Stamford, Connecticut, followed -in a fervid plea based on the importance of the work, and the -encouragements to its prosecution. Rev. R. B. Howard briefly -followed.</p> - -<p>It would not do to omit the witty and eloquent address of Rev. Dr. -Hannay, Secretary of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, -in which he spoke of the heroism of modern missionary effort and -the statesmanship needed and shown in the discussions of the work -of the Association.</p> - -<p>The Lord’s Supper was celebrated on Wednesday afternoon, Rev. J. -O. Barrows of Turkey, and Rev. Jonathan Edwards of Massachusetts -officiating.</p> - -<p>At the close, resolutions of thanks to the churches and citizens -of Norwich, to the choir, the Committee and the railroads, were -adopted, and responded to by Rev. Wm. S. Palmer, D.D., of Norwich, -chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. The benediction -was pronounced by Rev. Dr. Chamberlain. Thus ended one of the -best attended and best sustained anniversaries of the American -Missionary Association. For changes in the list of Vice-Presidents -and Executive Committee we refer to the first inside page of the -cover.</p> - -<p>On Wednesday afternoon, the Second Church was filled below and -above with a congregation of nearly a thousand women. Mrs. Dr. John -A. Rockwell, of Stamford, Conn., presided, and, after the opening -prayer by Mrs. Phipps, read a brief paper on woman’s responsibility -in the nineteenth century.</p> - -<p>Miss Stevenson, Miss Sawyer, Mrs. Hickok and Miss Emery, all -familiar with the condition and needs of the colored women of the -South, addressed the meeting, the interest of which was so great -and so well sustained that it re-assembled the next morning. At -that time Miss Douglass, who had labored in Georgia among the -negroes, and Miss Ludlow, of Hampton Institute, Miss Lord and -others spoke, keeping up the interest which had attended the -previous session.</p> - -<p>Resolutions expressing hearty sympathy with the work of the A. -M. A., and urging an organization for home mission work in every -church in New England, were adopted at the close of this full and -earnest woman’s meeting.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></p> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>HEROISM AND STATESMANSHIP.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">FROM THE ADDRESS OF REV. ALEXANDER HANNAY, D.D., SECRETARY OF THE -CONGREGATIONAL UNION OF ENGLAND AND WALES.</p> - -<p>We sometimes talk—and I think in a very superficial and wild -way—about heroic ages of certain nationalities, heroic ages of -the church; and there are men who will say it was a heroic age -in which foreign missions were projected, whether in England or -here; that then the men were of great stature, and that they rose -to the opportunities the great living Head of the Church offered -them, and went out and did a giant’s work; and they look down on -this time, and perhaps complain that it is not a heroic age, and -that we cannot have a giant’s test put to us. Now that is all very -flimsy and superficial talk in my judgment. There are epochs in -the history of nations and of churches when great opportunities -occur, the record of which becomes historical, and it seems that -the men who take the prominent part then are men of Alpine bulk -and grandeur of nature—true heroes; and then there comes a time -of equable, dogged, plodding, unhistorical work, and it is said -“The age of heroism and the age of heroes has passed away.” -Brethren, the work of these quiet and plodding ages cannot be done -well, except in the very spirit of the heroic age; and I take -it there is a test of individual character, there is a test of -strength and firmness in men, a strength of heroism demanded for -the quiet, ordinary, fruitful work of times like these, equal, at -least, to that which was needed to originate the new epoch. And I -congratulate the representatives of the American churches assembled -at the meetings of these great societies on the evidence which -has appeared to me, (and I would use no words of mere courtesy in -this, but a simple and unaffected expression of the feeling which -has taken possession of me while I have attended these meetings), -that here they are in the very spirit of their fathers, now gone to -their rest, who said, “We must redeem the pagan nations and bring -them to Christ.”</p> - -<p>Another thing that has struck me is this: in listening to what -we have heard here to-day, I have seemed to find not merely a -fulness and vitality of the missionary sentiment, but associated -with that, a keen, political outlook, the statesman’s thought -about the demand of the hour and the special adaptations that are -necessary in service for the carrying out of the great work that -these societies have in view. It is especially encouraging in view -of this, to which no one can be blind, that God is calling America -to a singularly honorable, because singularly difficult, vocation, -in dealing with the races with which her life of intelligence and -faith is here being brought into contact.</p> - -<p>It is quite true, sir, that the Head of the Church, as has been -proclaimed from this platform, and from that at Lowell, again and -again, is imposing on you the discipleship of the world, the duty -of carrying the Gospel to all the nations of the earth. It thus -lies upon the Christian nations so honored to stretch out their -hands to lift the other nations up to the plane on which they are -themselves living. But there has been brought to America, it seems -to me, a specially difficult task. She has had thrust within her -national boundary at least three separate races, that are on a -different stage of intellectual development and civilization from -that which she has reached; or if it be too much to say that these -races have been thrust within her boundaries, then that the high -and laudable ambition, which has moved you as a people to keep this -great continent to yourselves, and to take as much more as you -can get, has brought upon you this obligation in connection with -the great races which are to be found on your soil. We are<a class="pagenum" name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a> aware -that the spirit and the policy of the world is hounded on, perhaps -now more than ever, by that proud and insolent dictum of science, -falsely so called, ready to be applied to the affairs of races as -to other things—“the survival of the fittest.” No doubt there are -men among you who are ready to take up the spirit of this maxim and -to apply it all around, and to feel, as has been said here about -the dead Indian, that it is the province of the stronger people -simply to overrun, and press out, and hustle over the frontiers, or -over the shores of your continent, the weaker races. Now, sir, as -I understand it, you have been called to this vocation of bringing -up these weaker races, of incorporating them into your own national -life, of clothing them with all the honors and responsibilities -of citizenship, of giving them a full status in the Church and in -the township, of making them what you are yourselves, gradually -scattering their darkness by the light of your intelligence, and -vitalizing their enfeebled and degraded manhood by the overflow of -the surplus energy of your own manhood. There has been given to -you this great task to perform, to show the nations a better way -of dealing with the weaker races than any nation has yet reached; -and if the spirit of the American Missionary Association can but be -breathed into the American people as a whole; if you can control -your political action, if you can determine the issues in your -Congress by that spirit, and control all your dealings with those -peoples by it, one of the very brightest of the many crowns which -will sit on the brow of the American nation will be the crown which -you will win in that service. This is the work to which you are -called.</p> - -<p>I have been asked since I came here how I could explain the fact -that the citizens of America seem to meddle so much in politics. I -do not think we of England meddle enough with them. The existence -of a political church among us forces a certain political -contention upon us with which you here have nothing to do. But I -take it that it is one of the highest, most urgent vocations of the -Church of Christ, in this and in all lands, to see to it, that, -so far as her influence shall go, by teaching and by testimony, -by debate, by criticism, by all kinds of fair mental conflict to -penetrate the political life of the nation with the spirit of -Christ. It will not be well with you in America, any more than -with us in England, whether with regard to your work for the black -man and the Indian and the Chinese, or with regard to your own -national stability and progress, until this work has been gone -earnestly about. We can afford to rise above party politics, but we -are bound to preach that righteousness, that truth, that spirit of -self sacrifice, without which neither church nor nation can be made -great and stable.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - - -<div class="article"> -<h3>GENERAL SURVEY.</h3> - -<p>The battle cry of the American Missionary Association now -is <span class="smcap">Enlargement</span>. We are called to this by recent -encouragements, and by the demands of the future.</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h4>THE ENCOURAGEMENTS OF THE PRESENT.</h4> - -<h5>FINANCES.</h5> - -<p>We present our <em>financial</em> situation as one of these -encouragements, and first in order, as being special, we mention -the receipt of $150,000, the donation of Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, -of Malden, Mass. This munificent gift has been so confidently -anticipated, that Prof. T. N. Chase has for some time been occupied -in maturing plans for the buildings to be erected by it, so that -the work at all points will be<a class="pagenum" name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a> pushed forward with rapidity -and economy. We hope, therefore, at our next Annual Meeting, to -announce that buildings have been erected at several points in -the South that shall afford much needed facilities to overcrowded -schools, and that shall serve as monuments to the liberality and -wisdom of the donor, more fitting, because more useful, than the -most costly shaft or obelisk.</p> - -<p>Next in order, but not least in significance, we refer to the -<em>financial exhibit</em> of our Treasurer, with its favorable balance -sheet. The receipts for the year, aside from Mrs. Stone’s donation, -have been $187,480.02, which together with the amount on hand -Sept. 30, 1879 ($1,475.90), makes a total of $188,955.92; and the -expenditures, $188,172.19; thus giving a credit balance of $783.73.</p> - -<p>As a part of the gratifying results of the year’s expenditures, -as we had no debt to pay, we can point to <em>four</em> school buildings -newly erected or greatly improved; to <em>six</em> church edifices -completed; to <em>two</em> in the process of erection; to <em>five</em> repaired -and improved; and to <em>three</em> parsonages repaired, one in process -of erection, and one built by the people. Among these new school -buildings we are glad to number the large and commodious edifice -for Tillotson Institute, Austin, Texas, a permanent outpost, we -hope, in the rapidly increasing population of the great South-west.</p> - -<p>Such a balance sheet, carrying on the one side our regular work -and these new and greatly needed buildings, yet held in even -poise by the generous donations of our friends, is an argument -for enlargement at other points calling for it with increased -importunity. We dare not be presumptuous, but may we not trust -still further to the God of the poor, and will not his people -sustain us in the trust?</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h5>FREEDMEN.</h5> - -<p>Our <em>Educational</em> work among the Freedmen furnishes the next source -of encouragement.</p> - -<p>The <em>increasing appreciation</em> of our schools by both the white -and colored people of the South, is manifest. Georgia continues -to give the substantial assistance of her annual appropriation -of $8,000 to the Atlanta University. A large majority of the -State Board of Examiners attended the anniversary exercises this -year. Their examinations were close, their report to the Governor -wholly favorable, and their recommendation of the continuance of -the appropriation unhesitating, the closing words of their report -being: “Who can doubt the wisdom of continuing the appropriation?”</p> - -<p>The State of Mississippi was represented at the Commencement -exercises at Tougaloo by her Superintendent of Education and other -influential citizens, who, after careful inspection, gave public -assurance of State aid. The first instalment, we are confident, -will reach us this fall. Soon after the war, when this State was -under Republican rule, it granted aid to Tougaloo. Under changed -political control, this grant was for a time withheld, but now -while overwhelming Democratic majorities are regularly reported, -the proffer of aid is renewed. The significance of the fact is that -both political parties, much as they may differ on other points, -are agreed in sustaining the Tougaloo University.</p> - -<p>Another evidence of such appreciation is found in the attendance -at our school anniversaries, of persons who represent public -sentiment. At Hampton, President Hayes, Secretary Schurz, the -Governor and an ex-Governor of Massachusetts were present; at -Berea, the audience numbered probably 1,800 or 2,000 persons, -two-thirds being of the white race; at Fisk, there was reported “a -crowded house;” at Atlanta, the audience was packed; at Straight -University, New Orleans, it is<a class="pagenum" name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a> reported that “the audience, both -in numbers and intelligent appreciation, was one of the best ever -gathered for the purpose in the city.” Our work is not now done in -a corner, nor under the ban of good people, North or South.</p> - -<p>The colored people show their appreciation of the schools by an -increased attendance. The roll is larger than last year in the -aggregate, and in nearly all the departments. The total number of -pupils reported this year is 8,052 against 7,207 last year. The -largest proportionate increase is in the theological, grammar and -normal grades.</p> - -<p>Our schools are meant to be <em>religious</em>. If not, they are as -nothing to us. We watch, therefore, with great jealousy, the -developments in this direction, and we are gratified to be able -to report interesting revivals at Fisk, Tougaloo and Woodbridge, -with conversions and a quiet spiritual work at other schools. The -usefulness and activity of our students as they go out in vacation -or at graduation may be illustrated by facts like these: “One -pupil who is a minister reports over forty hopeful conversions in -connection with his labors during the summer vacation.” Another -writes: “I was assigned to a place where there was no school-house -or church. The people had their meeting under an arbor. I worked -with the patrons until they built me a school-house.” From -Memphis the report is: “Sixteen of our young people have, during -the summer, taught 1,035 day pupils, and very nearly as many -Sunday-school scholars.” The returning pupils at Tougaloo reported -that “the Sunday-school and Temperance work had been vigorously -pushed with excellent results, one of which was over 1,300 signers -to the Temperance pledge.”</p> - -<p>Our <em>Theological Departments</em> are the flower of our schools, and -the germinating seed for our church work. They have this year, as -we have seen, increased in the number of their students and in -their efficiency. Talladega reports that “eight young men will -graduate from the Theological Department, all of whom will enter -the Congregational ministry in the South. They are now warmly -welcomed to the pulpits of all denominations.” From New Orleans: -“The Theological Department is larger than in any previous year. -Four of the class are ordained ministers, of whom two are pastors -of churches in New Orleans.” The Theological Department of Howard -University reports that “sixteen students were sent forth to -preach, all of whom go to the South to the Freedmen.”</p> - -<p>With such a record before us, a work so useful and that needs -almost indefinite expansion, invites to that expansion by its very -success.</p> - -<p>Our <em>Church Work</em> shows a steady and healthful growth. The number -of churches in the South is 73 as against 67 last year; of church -members, 4,961—last year, 4,600.</p> - -<p>In the four new churches organized, and in the six new edifices -erected, and two in the process, five repaired, and in the -parsonages improved and built, we see the additions to the outward -scaffolding, within which is going forward the spiritual work -of preparing the polished stones of the sanctuary; and we see -the added force of workmen ascending this scaffolding, in the -ordination of four young men to the Gospel ministry, and in the -reports from our Theological Departments of well trained young men -graduating and entering the service.</p> - -<p>That spiritual work is indicated in part by the reports of precious -revivals and ingatherings into the churches. The pastor at New -Orleans writes: “It is my happiness to record one of the most -precious revivals in the history of the Central Church.” From -Shelby Iron Works, Ala: “The meetings closed with twenty-one -conversions reported. Last Sunday fifteen came forward, entered -into covenant<a class="pagenum" name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a> with the church, and were baptized on profession -of their faith. Some eight or ten are to unite by letter the -first opportunity, who were not ready to join last Sunday.” From -Savannah, Ga,: “There has been an unusual work of grace among this -people, and the meetings have been quiet and orderly as with a New -England congregation.”</p> - -<p>We have been impressed this year with the unusual mention in the -reports from the churches of the attendance and interest <em>in the -prayer meetings</em>. If the prayer meeting is the pulse of the church, -we should infer that the life blood flows warmly from the heart in -our churches in the South.</p> - -<p>The disposition for <em>self help</em> is a plant of slow growth among -a people marvelous for their faith and passive endurance, but -little used to forethought and activity. We have felt the need of -developing “this grace also,” and have, therefore, taken unusual -pains to induce the churches to aid more fully in the support of -their pastors. The responses have exceeded our expectations; in -almost every instance the additional sum we have named has been -given, and in some instances more.</p> - -<p>Other facts of the same purport are seen in such extracts as -these, culled from the “Detailed Report.” The pastor of the church -in Atlanta proposed that the <em>church debt</em> should be paid off. -With a little help from the North, and from the professors of the -University, it was done, making about $563 raised by the church, -aside from current expenses, in six months. They have also aided in -securing a fine bell of 800 lbs. The young church at Marietta, Ga., -raised $300 for their new church edifice. In a church collection -for the American Missionary Association in Marion, one man put in -$5, being one-tenth of his crop—a bale of cotton. A man and his -wife are sustaining their daughter in the school at Tougaloo with -the money saved on snuff and tobacco since they signed the pledge. -The church at Wilmington, N. C., claims to be the banner church -among the constituents of the American Board, having given more -than any other, according to number and means, as judged by the -report of Dr. Alden.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sunday-Schools</em>, as reported, show a slight increase in -numbers, but the reports are not full, and hence the figures do -not properly represent the strength of this arm of the service. -Revivals have occurred in some of the schools. The <em>Temperance -cause</em> holds its place in the hearts and efforts of our workers in -the South. In the churches, schools, mission schools, and by the -teachers who go out in vacation, is the good work pushed forward.</p> - -<p>The <em>Conferences</em> in the South have held their meetings, and Dr. -Roy, who was enabled to attend several of them, was delighted with -the excellence of the sermons and papers and the ability of the -discussions, as well as with the fervor of spiritual life. Some -of the Conferences appointed delegates to the National Council. -A marked feature at one of these meetings—that of the Alabama -Conference at Selma—was the social and religious welcome it -received from the white families and churches. Dr. Roy thus reports -it:</p> - -<p>“You have been told of the new era in our work, marked by the -opening of half a dozen of the homes of the first families in -Selma, Alabama, for the entertainment of the white members of the -Conference. It was not merely the offer of their houses as eating -and sleeping places, but it was a delicate and attentive Christian -hospitality, which invited the guests around from home to home in -order to the extension of acquaintance. When grateful words were -said to Major Joseph Hardie for having led the way, he answered -that that gave him too much credit; that the places had all been -opened cheerfully, and that, after the sessions were over, other -families had said: ‘Why didn’t you give us a chance? We would -like to have<a class="pagenum" name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a> had some of those folks.’ Another host, referring -to the mutual satisfaction, said: ‘It is just because we are -getting better acquainted.’ In the same line was the opening of -the Presbyterian pulpit, morning and night. The exercises of the -Conference were of a high order and well sustained throughout. It -was much like one of the Western General Associations.”</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h5>THE INDIANS.</h5> - -<p>The experiment of educating Indian youth at Hampton and Carlisle -is a confirmed success. We have in the office two pictures—one -representing a company of these young Indians as they came to -Hampton, in their blankets and with their stolid countenances, and -the other taken after they had spent a year in the school. The -change in dress is less significant than the bright and intelligent -look of the faces in the last picture. A visit among them, as -they are engaged in the school-room and at various mechanical -employments, accounts for the change. The joint education of the -two races, the black and the red, seems helpful to both.</p> - -<p>Four agencies, the same number as last year, are under our -nomination, and we have favorable reports from each. At the Lake -Superior Agency some years ago, the Indians wanted blankets, beads -and trinkets; now they want a boarding school. At Fort Berthold, -40 new houses were built this season; at the Sisseton Agency, -the Indians dress entirely in citizen’s clothing, live in log -houses and cultivate 4,025 acres of land, and the scholars in the -boarding and day schools show marked improvement; at the S’Kokomish -Agency, the morals, manners, health and homes of the Indians are -improving—most of the houses have been ceiled and furnished with -good, tight floors. More land has been cleared, and 1,000 fruit -trees have been set out.</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h5>CHINESE IN AMERICA.</h5> - -<p>Of our mission on the Pacific coast, the efficient Superintendent, -Rev. W. C. Pond, says that not only more, but better work has been -done this year than ever before. The total enrolment of pupils is -67 greater than last year, but the most marked gains are in those -reported as having ceased from idol-worship, and as giving evidence -of conversion; in the former, 180 against 137 last year, and in the -latter, 127 against 84.</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h5>AFRICA.</h5> - -<p>The aspect of our <em>Mendi Mission</em>, in a surface survey, seems -discouraging. A deeper view discloses one great element of success, -and moreover reveals lessons of wisdom that will be of much more -value than any transient success.</p> - -<p>After maintaining this mission for 30 years with white -missionaries, with a rapid death-rate and meagre results, -Providence seemed to open to us a plan for using the Freedmen of -America, trained in our schools, as missionaries to Africa. Three -years since a company was sent out, with Rev. Floyd Snelson as -a leader. His age and experience guided the mission well, and -the next year new recruits were added. But the failure of Mrs. -Snelson’s health compelled him to return with her to this country. -The management fell into younger and less experienced hands, and -dissensions and complaints ensued. Prof. T. N. Chase, of Atlanta -University, accepted our invitation to visit and inspect the -mission. Accompanied by Rev. Jos. E. Smith, the pastor of our -church in Chattanooga, he spent two months at the mission, making -most careful examinations, the result of which he embodies in an -extended report. It may suffice here to say that Mr. Chase found -many things in an unsatisfactory condition, chargeable in some -degree to moral delinquency, but more largely to immaturity of -experience and of judgment.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></p> - -<p>From Mr. Chase’s report and our own knowledge of the affairs of the -mission, we reach these results:</p> - -<p>1. The colored man of America <em>can</em> endure the climate of western -tropical Africa. We have sent to the Mendi Mission 17 persons of -that race—seven men, five women and five children. Of this number -<em>not one man has died</em>, and <em>but one</em> has been compelled to leave -on account of ill-health; nor have any of these, with this one -exception, suffered from the African fever so as to hinder their -work, except temporarily. The children were not sick; of the women, -one died, the wife of Dr. James. Mrs. Miller has been compelled -to return as far as England for the recovery of health. In the -single case of death and in the three of failure in health, the -cause can be traced to the germs of disease in the constitution, -existing there prior to leaving America; but in every case of a -sound constitution, good health has been maintained. In this we see -hopeful evidence that, with careful previous medical examination, -the <em>colored people of America can furnish missionaries for -tropical Africa capable of enduring the climate and of rendering -active service as missionaries</em>—a result full of encouragement.</p> - -<p>2. Due allowance must be made for the inadequate training of the -young colored missionary. The Anglo-Saxon race has behind it 17 -centuries of culture; the negro race in America, 17 years. This -should make a difference as to the races. The white candidate for -the post of missionary was born in a Christian home, reared in a -Christian community, educated in early days with the best culture -of school and church, enjoyed afterwards the training of the best -college and seminary, with their full corps of highly educated -professors, with all the advantages of large libraries, apparatus -and lectures; and above all, that unconscious education that comes -from constant contact with practical men and cultured society. The -colored candidate was born a slave, lived in the slave quarters -with no refinements of home or surroundings; his education was in -our young and imperfectly equipped schools and colleges, and his -knowledge of the world is bounded by this limited horizon. This -should make much difference with the individual. Perhaps these -facts on both sides have not been duly considered. They will -hereafter be fully recognized by us, and will lead us to place the -management of our African mission for a time in charge of a white -superintendent. They will also dictate a great deal of caution in -selecting candidates for that field. We may send fewer at first; we -will try to send those that are best prepared.</p> - -<p>3. Our experiment with colored missionaries in West Africa has -not been discouraging when compared with our former efforts there -with white missionaries, or with those of other societies in other -parts of Africa. A new impulse has been given to African Missions -by the startling discoveries of Stanley and others, and if the -Christian world expects these new missions to be crowned with -immediate success, it will soon be undeceived. There, as elsewhere, -missions must furnish heroes and martyrs, must fight battles, -suffer defeats, win victories and endure hardness. Leviathan in the -African jungle is not easily tamed, and the efforts which would -overcome the barbarism which has for ages defied civilization, and -even discovery, will test the “perseverance of the saints.”</p> - -<p>In the missions growing out of the new impulse for Tropical Africa -discouragement and trial have been nearly everywhere encountered. -Of the sixteen missionaries sent so promptly by the Church -Missionary Society to establish the mission in Mtesa’s kingdom, -some have died, some have returned on account of sickness, and the -whole work is now in abeyance. The mission of the London Missionary -Society at Ujiji is still pushed forward, yet with much sickness -and<a class="pagenum" name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a> several deaths, among which is numbered that of the lamented -Secretary Mullens. The Livingstonia Mission on Lake Nyassa is -compelled to abandon its first station on account of the tsetse -fly. The Scotch Blantyre Mission has had the sad experience of -wrongs practiced by the missionaries upon the natives, attracting -the attention and stirring the sorrow of Great Britain.</p> - -<p>We are not alone, then, in the trials of our African Mission, -nor must we, more than others, be discouraged. Africa was not -forgotten in the Redeemer’s plan. His people must meet and overcome -difficulties. The assurance that the colored American can endure -the African climate is worth all the effort we have made.</p> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h4>THE DEMANDS OF THE FUTURE.</h4> - -<p>1. Enlargement in the work already in hand among the <em>Freedmen</em>.</p> - -<p>The noble gift of Mrs. Stone, while supplying some of the great -and most pressing wants in certain directions, creates new ones -in others. It gives additional buildings, but these mean more -students, more teachers, more student aid, more libraries, and more -apparatus.</p> - -<p>Buildings are needed where the gift of Mrs. Stone, great as it -is, does not reach—needed as imperiously as where it does. At -Talladega, the original building erected before the war at a cost -of $30,000, bought by us after the war, used and oft repaired, -is thus described by President DeForest: “The walls are staunch, -but the roof leaks, and within and without, from foundation to -bell-tower, it needs repair. It is estimated that $3,000 are -required for this purpose.” A house is also needed as a home for -the President, to save room for teachers and pupils in the main -buildings. In addition to the $15,000 from the Stone donation, -Talladega needs for these buildings and repairs, $10,000. The -wants of Tougaloo are even more pressing. The crowd of students -defies all means of accommodation. Temporary barracks have been -erected, out-buildings and garrets have been used as lodging -places, and yet students have been turned away for want of room. -The buildings now on the ground need extensive repairs to save them -from decay, and additions should be made to the farm buildings to -give adequate shelter to the stock and products of the 500 acres of -land connected with the school. But what shall we more say? for the -time would fail us to tell of the needs of Wilmington, N. C., of -Greenwood and Orangeburg, S. C., Mobile, Montgomery and Athens, Ala.</p> - -<p>Besides all this we ought to establish, at some eligible point -in North Carolina, a chartered institution of higher grade, with -a boarding department. We have for a long while felt the need of -this, and have only been deterred by the lack of means. We ought -also to found an institution in Arkansas, similar to that in -Austin, Texas. We are just beginning efforts among the Refugees -in Kansas, and these should be greatly increased, and include -churches, schools and lady missionaries.</p> - -<p><em>Endowments</em> are an absolute necessity for our institutions at the -South. Here are eight institutions, carefully managed, efficient in -work, and furnished with buildings equal in number and size with -some at the West of much greater age. These Western schools have -in most instances the nucleus of an endowment, if not a complete -one. Those in the South need endowments much more, and have almost -nothing of the sort.</p> - -<p>2. But enlargement should far transcend the limits of the work -already in hand among the Freedmen. We take it for granted that -every portion of the population of this country must have equal -facilities open to it for education and<a class="pagenum" name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a> advancement. No part of -that population is so inadequately supplied as the four and a half -millions of colored people in the South. There were in 1875, in -this country, 1,932 schools of grades above the primary. Of this -whole number, the four and a half millions of colored people have -access to but 91! It must be borne in mind that in this number -of schools (1,932) Harvard, Yale and Oberlin are but units, with -their ample endowments, teachers of finest culture, libraries and -apparatus of the best and largest; and to balance them the colored -people can only point to a few new and inadequately furnished -schools, of which those of this Association are among the best.</p> - -<p>There were in 1875 in this country, 3,647 libraries, numbering 300 -volumes and upwards in each. Of that number, the colored people of -the South have access to 25! The same disparity is found here in -regard to the size and quality of the libraries open to them as in -regard to the schools and colleges.</p> - -<p>It will not do to say that these people need only primary schools. -No race can rise unless it has leaders who can teach and encourage -the masses; nor will it suffice to say that the few seeking -special advantages can go to colleges at the North. The people of -the West cannot send their sons to Eastern colleges in adequate -numbers. The West has, and must have, its own colleges. How can the -poor ex-slaves of the South send their children to the North for -education, when most of them have a life struggle with the wolf at -the door?</p> - -<p>Here, then, are glimpses at the great duty that this nation owes -to the Freedmen for its own sake as well as theirs. But that duty -involves enlargement, fifty-fold, of what is now done for them.</p> - -<p>3. The work of the A.M.A. <em>beyond the South</em> needs enlarging.</p> - -<p>The Chinese schools in California need the permanency of having -buildings under their own control, and Bro. Pond earnestly desires -the means to reach the “Chinese in the mines.”</p> - -<p>The work of educating Indians at the East should be extended. -It is not a substitute for schooling among the tribes; it helps -it. Capt. Pratt, who inaugurated this movement in Hampton, and -who now conducts the large Government school for Indian youth at -Carlisle, is very earnest that more—much more—should be done in -this direction. The power of the movement, in his opinion, will -be measured by its extent. He is anxious that every school of the -American Missionary Association in the South should be prepared to -receive Indians. This broad plan deserves the careful thought of -the Association, but if adopted, it will necessitate not a little -enlargement of accommodations and of the teaching force.</p> - -<p>But Africa! what does the future ask at our hands in her behalf? -When we recall the struggles of the past for her enslaved children -in this country, when we think of the graves of our missionaries -in the Mendi country, and when we hear her children in our schools -asking to be sent thither, we feel called to a new and strong -effort to equip completely the mission on the West coast. The East -coast calls to us also. The Arthington Mission, though we have -moved cautiously, is neither forgotten nor abandoned. The generous -offer of Mr. Arthington still remains; considerable sums have been -collected in this country and in Great Britain, and as soon as the -adequate amount ($50,000) can be secured, we shall feel called to -go forward.</p> - -<p>From all these considerations, we ask for a new and wide -enlargement of our work. The duty to America and to Africa demands -it. Especially do we urge that America owes it to its own safety -and honor that it shall adequately care for the Freedmen. But who -will take the lead in the movement to enlarge? The<a class="pagenum" name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a> Pilgrims and -Puritans of New England were the first to plant liberty, education -and religion on these shores; they were on the crest of the wave -that carried these blessings across the continent to the Pacific -slope; they were foremost in the great anti-slavery struggle; they -were in the van of the armies that fought for the unity of the -nation and the freedom of the slave; they were the first, through -this Association, to take the school and the Gospel to the Freedmen -at Fortress Monroe; and who but they should see the great need of -the hour, and step forth to meet it?</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - - -<div class="article"> -<h3>SUMMARY OF THE TREASURER’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30TH, 1880.</h3> - - -<h4>RECEIPTS.</h4> - -<table class="medium"> -<tr> - <td>From Churches, Sabbath Schools and Individuals for General Fund</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">$99,860.26</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Churches, S. Schs. and Ind’v’ls, for Institutions and Missions</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">27,790.30</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Estates for General Fund</td> - <td class="ramt">24,599.44</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Estates for Institutions</td> - <td class="ramt">862.50</td> - <td class="ramt">25,461.94</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Income of Sundry Funds</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">9,070.26</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Tuition and Public School Fund</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">15,119.59</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Rent</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">664.08</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Sales</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">378.18</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">$178,344.61</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Donations for Tillotson C. and N. Institute Building</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">7,594.65</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Donations for Athens School Building, Ala.</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">1,096.01</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Donations for Colored Refugees, Kansas</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">444.75</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">187,480.02</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td style="padding-left: 2%;">Balance on hand. Sept. 30th, 1879</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">1,475.90</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">$188,955.92</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">——————</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h4>EXPENSES.</h4> - -<table class="medium"> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">The Freedmen.</span>—For Church and Educational Work</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">$130,929.82</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">The Chinese.</span>—Supt., Teachers and School Expenses</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">8,020.35</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">The Indians.</span>—Missionaries and Teachers and Student Aid</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">1,953.32</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Foreign Missions.—</span>Mendi Mission</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">11,802.78</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap hide">Foreign Missions.—</span>Jamaica Mission</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">450.00</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">12,252.78</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr><tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Publications.</span>—American Missionary, Annual Report, &c.</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">9,063.30</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr><tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Cost of Collecting Funds.—</span>Boston Office</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">5,586.66</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td> - <span class="smcap hide">Cost of Collecting Funds.—</span> - Chicago Office</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">3,612.47</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap hide">Cost of Collecting Funds.—</span> - Other Agencies</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">4,193.56</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">13,392.69</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td> - <span class="smcap">Cost of Administration.—</span> - Department of Correspondence - </td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">6,401.54</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td> - <span class="smcap hide">Cost of Administration.—</span> - Department of Treasury - </td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">4,127.73</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">10,529.27</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Miscellaneous.—</span>Estates and Legacies</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">99.11</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap hide">Miscellaneous.—</span>Annual Meeting</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">1,023.96</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap hide">Miscellaneous.—</span>Amounts paid Annuitants—balance</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">852.67</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap hide">Miscellaneous.—</span>Donations returned</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">54.92</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">2,030.66</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">188,172.19</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td style="padding-left: 4%;">Balance on hand, Sept. 30, 1880</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">783.73</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">—————</td> - <td class="ramt">188,955.92</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">==========</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Stone Fund.</span> - —Amount received from Mrs. Valeria G. Stone at the hands of Trustees</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">$150,000.00</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td> - <span class="smcap">Arthington Mission.</span> - —Donations received from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th,</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">6,576.48</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Avery Fund.</span>—Amount received from Executor</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt">408.92</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr></table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<p class="medium">The receipts of Berea College, Hampton N. and A. Institute, and Atlanta University, are added below, -as presenting at one view the contributions of the same constituency for the general work in which the -Association is engaged.</p> - -<table class="medium"> -<tr> - <td>Receipts of the A. M. A.</td> - <td class="ramt">$187,480.02</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Hampton N. & A. Inst.</td> - <td class="ramt">57,014.73</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Atlanta University, State Appropriation</td> - <td class="ramt">8,000.00</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td>Berea College</td> - <td class="ramt">37,607.06</td> - <td class="ramt"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="ramt">————————</td> - <td class="ramt">$290,101.81</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></p> - - -<div class="article"> -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND ENLARGEMENT.</h3> - -<p>Your Committee on Finance and Enlargement, to whom was referred the -financial exhibit of the Association for the fiscal year ending -Sept. 30, 1880, as presented by the Treasurer, beg leave to report -that they have examined the accounts and found them duly audited. -These accounts include a minute and detailed statement of receipts -and expenditures, a list of the endowments, and also a full account -of the property owned by the Association, and were accompanied by -the account books of the Treasurer.</p> - -<p>We are unanimous in vouching for the faithfulness and economy which -characterize all branches of the financial administration. Nor -can we refrain from a word of most emphatic commendation of the -thorough explicitness of the Association’s financial statement.</p> - -<p>But passing from this to the substance of the Report, we notice -three points suggested by it which seem to call for special mention.</p> - -<p>In the first place, it is ground for gratitude and thanksgiving -that the year closes without leaving us burdened with a debt. On -the contrary, there is a balance in the treasury of nearly eight -hundred dollars. Not a very large surplus, surely, but the fact -that the year’s work has been done and left us anything besides a -disheartening deficiency, is itself occasion for thankfulness and -cheer.</p> - -<p>In the second place, there is ground for anxiety, lest the -financial condition of the Association should be misunderstood. It -is well known that a gift of $150,000 has recently come into its -treasury. This fact, it is to be feared, has given, or may give, -the impression that the Association is, for the present at least, -in no further need of funds. We have already heard of one generous -friend who has withheld an intended gift through such an entire -misapprehension. And lest others should be similarly misled, it -seems to us important not only to state, but to emphasize the fact, -that this large gift <em>brings no relief whatever to the usual wants -of the Association</em>. It is not designed to do the work which the -Association is doing. This money is wholly appropriated to the -erection of new buildings for the increasing numbers of colored -students. It is to do nothing whatever towards meeting the ordinary -expenses of the Association’s work; nothing whatever towards -diminishing the necessity of aid which the Association is compelled -to seek from the Christian and the philanthropist. It cannot be -too clearly seen or too widely known, that so far as any augmented -power for doing its proper work is concerned, the Association is -not one whit better off for this gift of $150,000 than it would be -if not a dollar of it had been given. But,</p> - -<p>In the third place, this gift is itself a trumpet call for the -enlargement of the Association’s resources and work. It is simply -to erect new buildings for Fisk and Atlanta, at Talladega, New -Orleans and Tougaloo. These buildings will soon be filled with -students. That means the necessity for more teachers and more -pecuniary aid to those who need it. It means increased work for -the Association, and the necessity of increased funds with which -to do the work. In one word, it means <em>expansion</em>, <em>enlargement</em>. -God, Himself, is opening before us new furrows in hitherto untilled -fields. That is His own call upon us for more seed-corn, and more -labor for the enlarging harvest. He is building for us new homes -for the development of mental culture and Christian character among -the colored people of the South. Each one of these is a Divine -summons for such co-operation on our part as is necessary for the -best accomplishment of His designs.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></p> - -<p>In conclusion, therefore, your Committee respectfully suggest the -adoption of the following resolution:</p> - -<p>“<em>Resolved</em>, While most gratefully acknowledging the prosperity -that has crowned our work through another year, we recognize and -accept that prosperity as itself a call from God for still larger -and more earnest work.”</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">W. H. Willcox</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>WHY WE SHOULD ENLARGE.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. L. T. CHAMBERLAIN, D.D., NORWICH, CONN.</p> - -<p>I have been invited to the privilege of additionally sustaining -the report of your Committee in their recommendation of an -enlargement of the work of this Association; and, as a member of -that Committee, I may say that we could not possibly have reported -otherwise than we did. I could not have read the record of this -last year, and have seen its events as our honored Secretary has -presented them, without feeling that the movement must be toward an -increase in every department.</p> - -<p>Sir, you were entirely right in drawing your inspiration in part -from the wonderful past. I, too, have recalled the years gone by, -and they seem to say, as with one voice, that the time has come for -the yet greater effort. My brethren, what a history sweeps back -from this thirty-fourth anniversary, to the day when, in this same -Commonwealth, the Amistad captives were bravely released, and an -additional impulse was given to the anti-slavery sentiment of the -participants! At that hour, the men who afterwards founded this -Association, looked out on a tumultuous sea of discouragements. -Themselves only a handful; the press absolutely unfriendly; the -market-place contemptuous; the State frowning; the Church in -general incredulous and silent; scarcely anything anywhere that -did not wear a hostile front. And then, at last, one missionary -commissioned and one teacher sent out; one paper persuaded into -partial support; a few dollars given into the treasury; and a few -steadfast souls pledging themselves to maintain the cause. But, -to-day, what a different record! A great, honored organization, -with an annual income approaching the fifth of a million; -three hundred and thirty ministers, missionaries and teachers; -seventy-six mission, and yet, for the most part, self-sustaining -churches; more than five thousand intelligent church members, and -nearly ten thousand pupils in the Sunday-schools; seventy-one -common schools, normal schools, colleges and theological -seminaries, with more than ten thousand eager and advancing -students. An organization that takes effective hold on four -millions of Freedmen, and then enlarges its bounds to take in the -resident and emigrant Chinese, and the tribes of original Indians. -An organization able to inspire the churches with missionary zeal, -and making even our national Government respect its requests and -its advice.</p> - -<p>What a review is that, and almost within the space of a single -generation. The success that has already been accomplished is -reason why, at the very outset, we may call you to a hopeful and an -enlarged interest in this work; for history is telling us to-day, -if she tells us anything, that it is not a hopeless thing to -attempt to provide efficiently for all the despised of our land. -And, let me say, I should not hesitate to make that hopeful appeal, -if there were no such glowing record to present. I would not change -the tone of it, though the years rolled back, and you and I stood -to-day where those men stood thirty and four years<a class="pagenum" name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a> ago; for Christ -has said, “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,” and has said -distinctly that our neighbors are pre-eminently those who have -fallen among thieves and are lying wounded by the way. That simple -command is enough to assure us that our labor shall not be in vain. -You and I know whom we have believed, and we know that whatever He -commands is commanded in infinite wisdom and infinite love. We know -that what He says we are to do, it is possible to do, and that in -some way it shall be done. The stars in their courses, and earth, -and hell, may fight against Christ, but sooner or later He is to -reign.</p> - -<p>Therefore, when the Master calls us, his requirement is enough to -warrant us in our advance. On that simple requirement, backed by, -and reflected in, the impulse of every regenerate soul, you may -ground your missionary motive. That is the corner-stone on which, -with abiding cheer and infinite courage, the missionary, and every -friend of missions, may build forever. Therefore, while we have -this firm foundation, and all the more that we have it, it is for -us to note the actual progress that has been made. While we recur -to these absolute considerations, let us not, through any attempt -at unnecessary heroism, forget the fulfillment that has already -been vouchsafed to the promise and to the command of Christ.</p> - -<p>And now that I am speaking of motives, let me say that I cannot -conceal my feeling that, with special and peculiarly appealing -considerations, God is binding upon us the work for the so-called -alien races of this country. Let me illustrate. Here, for -example, are four millions of <em>Freedmen</em>—strange designation for -the inhabitants of a Republic that has already celebrated its -centennial! Suppose that a stranger to our history should ask us -the meaning of it, what must be our confession? Why this, and -nothing else: that the ancestors of those Freedmen, by fraud, and -violence were wrested from their distant and native land; that -for two centuries they were held in sheer and open bondage; that -they were denied the commonest rights of humanity; bought and -sold like beasts of the field; debarred from the privileges of -education and true Christian instruction; that, while their toil -went to build the colleges and schools and churches of the dominant -race, they were left without any reward but the desolation of -their bondage; that, when they piteously plead, their appeal was -met with derision; that, when they respectfully protested, the -protest was crushed back with blows and curses; that when they -ventured to resist, the resistance was answered unto death, with -lashes and bullets and the fangs of pursuing hounds; that manhood -was deliberately degraded among them; womanhood was well-nigh -obliterated; truthfulness was made dangerous for them, and chastity -absolutely impossible; and then at last, that to keep them in such -a bondage, the whole power of the National Government was pledged -and put forth; that, by Constitution interpreted and special laws -enacted, by military might and civic decree, by private volition -and public compulsion, it came to pass that there was not one -spot of safety for them in all the land over which floated the -flag of their country; that, in their effort to escape from their -bondage, not a single door might lawfully be opened to them, nor -any hearth-stone give them shelter; but, taking the pole-star for -their guide, they must flee from the Republic to the land of a king -or queen.</p> - -<p>Pardon me that I have opened the record. I confess it makes me sick -at heart. With you I wish it had never been enacted; with you I -wish it might be buried to-day in the deepest depths of oblivion. -But I tell you, when we stand, as we do practically to-day, in the -face of those men, and in the face of God who<a class="pagenum" name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a> made us and them -of one image and of one blood, we have no right to forget that -guilty past. It is one of the mighty motives that are still to be -invoked in their behalf. Like the blood of Abel, it cries to us -for atonement. It says to us to-day, “In your nation, aided and -abetted by you or your fathers, under your flag, that wrong was -inflicted; and until that wrong is thoroughly righted, neither the -remembrance nor the cry can be allowed to pass.” It says that you -owe them every reparation in your power; that they have a valid -lien on every dollar of your property, and on every possible degree -of your culture. It is not enough that you have made them free—to -have denied that would have been to perpetuate the wrong itself. -It is not enough that you have given them the franchise—that in -itself were a barren gift. Give them the rather that manhood that -was their birth-right withheld. Lift them up, if you can, into -truthfulness and purity, intelligence and industry; make them free -with the freedom of the Gospel of Christ, and then that past may be -forgotten.</p> - -<p>And brethren, I make an appeal of that same sort to-day for the -Indian and the Chinese;—the Indian, abused, deceived, made a fool -of; a nominally Christian civilization degrading him beyond even -his original degradation. And the Chinese, in that part of the land -where they have chosen to dwell, despised, defrauded, spit upon. -My claim is that whatever appeal you propose to disregard, it is -not becoming for you to turn a deaf ear to those whom you have so -foully wronged.</p> - -<p>Moreover,—and I beg you to ponder this also,—you owe a debt -of gratitude, in the case of the Freedmen at least,—with whom -this Association is chiefly concerned,—that has not yet been -discharged. And now, is it imagined that I am speaking of something -far-fetched and fanciful? Does any body suppose that I am about to -summon you by a visionary and distant appeal? Or, if anyone guess -wherein it is claimed that that debt consists, is it supposed that -time has made that claim no longer valid? Some may so reflect; I -cannot share the feeling, for I cannot so easily forget the days -and the months when the scales of our national destiny hung in -equipoise, or seemed to vibrate towards the nation’s overthrow. It -seems incredible, I know, but such was the fact. We had put forth -what appeared to us well-nigh the last resource for the national -defense; on every side the prospect was dark; it seemed sometimes -as if we should be driven to question whether we were not doomed -to overthrow—the heavens black above us, the billows rolling, and -the very earth beneath our feet trembling and being moved. For the -enemy smote us in the field and the traitor betrayed us at home. -And you remember with what unspeakable thankfulness we then saw -those who had suffered so much at the nation’s hands coming to our -rescue, forgetting their personal wrongs, and fighting for the flag -that had hitherto been to them an object of dread. You remember -with what eagerness we offered them at last their freedom, lest -the enemy should offer it to them before us. Why, what were we -not willing to pledge, and to do, for the Freedmen in those days? -We felt that they were helping us to save this Republic, and that -the balance of power was in their hands; and did we mistake? Does -history say that in the excitement we misread the facts? No, the -after events proved the correctness of our thought; and it stands -written in simple, imperishable lines to-day, that among the -saviors of the country, there were none more deserving than those -of darker skin, who forgot their wrongs and stood in the breach for -you and me.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>And so it comes to pass that, not only in obedience to the command -of Christ<a class="pagenum" name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a> but by <em>the threefold consideration</em> of <em>repairing -a wrong</em>, and <em>paying a debt</em>, and <em>averting a danger</em>, we are -called to the continuance and the enlargement of the work of this -Association.</p> - -<p>I have suggested two lines of action, parallel and coincident; the -one educational, and the other strictly religious. I want to say -to you now, that the inspiration for those movements must come -in large measure from the Christian North; for, if you ask the -South to be wholly responsible for her own improvement, then you -ask reformation to precede itself, and a disordered and perverse -sentiment to be its own awakener and its own corrective. Should -you suppose that a nation of Freedmen, after two centuries of -bondage, would have the sufficient desire for improvement, not to -say the means adequate for its accomplishment? I deem it to be -perfectly clear that this Association is right in thinking that one -great part of its work is in laying the foundations, and affording -the facilities, for increased instruction among the Freedmen. -It is undoubted good sense, I take it, to establish here and -there a common school, and here and there a normal school, and a -moderate number of colleges, to the end that in them, during this -formative period of the Freedman’s life, you may train his future -teachers,—not attempting to make the way of mental improvement -over-easy; not attempting any pampering plan of encouragement; -but simply affording opportunity to those who will struggle and -practice self-denial. God bless the institutions at Hampton, and -Carlisle, and Berea, and Nashville, and Atlanta, and Talladega, -and New Orleans, and Tougaloo, and that institution that has the -good fortune, sir, to have you for its presiding officer (Howard -University). For, do you know it? the former students of those very -institutions are to-day teaching one hundred thousand of their own -countrymen.</p> - -<p>And then the religious work, the saving of souls—what a call for -enlargement in that work! for that underlies even the educational -work. Every teacher I know is an ardent and an earnest worker for -Christ, and all your attempt is to make the way to education, -the way to the cross of Christ; but, besides that, there is the -preaching of the Gospel, and the gathering of churches, and the -opening of Sunday-schools. I used to wonder why you asked us to -preach to the Freedmen. Were they not already religious? Were they -not gathered in churches? But I came to know the terrible fact -that religion among the Freedmen, was not the religion of the -understanding mind and the consecrated heart, but, rather, in the -olden time, of uninstructed impulse and uncontrollable passion; and -to-day the prevailing testimony concerning those old-time churches -is, that in them religion is not founded on a regenerate, or even a -moral, life.</p> - -<p>What a task then, to lift up those millions—more difficult, I -sometimes think, than the conversion of the original heathen! And -yet it must be done—done for the sake of the souls who else will -perish in their sins; done for the sake of this country that we -love; done, first and last and always, by thoroughly Christian -instrumentalities; and yet done under motives that take hold on the -concerns of our national welfare. Therefore, my friends, count all -the past progress in this direction only the signal and the token -of your future success and triumph. If to-day the doors are opened -wide, let us, in the Master’s name, go up and possess this land for -Him, and for the future of our united and Christian Republic.</p> - -<p>So much for this land. And what shall I say of Africa, that dark -continent beyond the seas? I think of Africa, and the longing burns -in my soul, that out of the uplifted negroes there may speedily be -trained those who shall carry Divine light into the very depths of -her darkness. Is not Africa actually<a class="pagenum" name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a> reaching out her hands to -this Association, and to us who have in our care so many of her -children? You say, ‘the last to be enlightened.’ I grant it; but, -I assure you, God has a great future for that continent. Who shall -say that there, there will not yet be developed a civilization -and a manifestation of Christianity, the most bountiful, the most -beautiful, of them all?</p> - -<p>Ah, my friends, the cry comes to us not merely from Africa! This -call for enlargement is wider still; it is from the four quarters -of the globe. For the work is all one; and you will find, if you -think of it, that the solidarity of the race, the oneness of the -kingdom of Christ, is in the appeal that is made through this -Association. The considerations of an illimitable future join with -those of the present. The new heavens and the new earth await our -preparation for their advent. Christ, in His kingly glory, is -summoning us to the conflict and the conquest. Let us advance in -His name. With unlimited devotion let us give, let us pray, let us -work. For once hath God spoken, yea, twice have I heard it, to God -belongs the power, even as to Him shall be the glory forever.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>SACRIFICIAL LIVING AND GIVING.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. AUGUSTUS F. BEARD, D.D., SYRACUSE, N. Y.</p> - -<p>The kingdom of Heaven, in its ways, has many similitudes in the -kingdom of nature. The law of the universe is, the giving of the -lower for the sake of the higher. The worlds are built on the -principle of sacrifice. At the bottom of the scale, we have, for -example, lifeless matter. But this is put under contribution to -force, and simple matter is organized into systems. And this giving -comes under a law; we call it gravitation. Then this in turn comes -under contribution to what is called a law of chemical affinity, -and matter is diversified, and enters into many combinations -in advance of what was. The forces, of which light and heat, -electricity and magnetism, are different forms, also expend -themselves. Then there is a step up by the contribution of what -was, to this end, and we have the first organic process, vegetable -life and its forces. The soil under these influences gives -vegetable life, giving up a part of itself for a higher end. The -vegetable, in turn, gives itself for the animal, and the human soul -finds these all in sacrificial contribution to itself, every one -giving for that which is higher, to lead up to the highest. Nature -is packed through and through with illustrations of this. Thus -the worlds are built upon this law. By the law of sacrifice, the -lower rises into that which is higher. So Christ taught us it is, -and is to be, in the realm of the soul. He taught us by word, by -deed, by example, that sacrifice is not only the highest, the most -satisfying, the most exhaustive expression of love, but is God’s -way for man to reach up to God. It was the climax of this law that -found expression in the gift of Christ, and we but follow God’s -law in Christ’s way, when we are ready to sacrifice lower good for -higher good, to bring into contribution lesser things for greater -things. And life rises to its highest when it is sacrificial in its -self-abnegations; in its renunciations, when souls are uplifted -into heroic sufferings and self denials. In wives for husbands, in -husbands for wives, in parents for children, in patriotic soldiers, -in Christian philanthropists. Men who incarnate their love in -sacrifice rise by their giving. They reach to nobleness upon the -“stepping-stone of their dead selves.” They put off earthiness and -put on heavenliness. It is God’s law from lowest to highest. That -which thou sowest is not quickened except it <em>die</em>. To give is to -live.</p> - -<p>So we come to the Christian’s highest doctrine. It is that of the -cross. We sing “In the cross of Christ we glory.” We accept it as -the chief doctrine of our religion.<a class="pagenum" name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a> We see the grandest exhibition -of it when Christ gave himself for the sake of a greater good than -could be if he did not give himself; and we teach that it is the -personal reception of this which is <em>the</em> mark of one who has a -right to wear the name of Christ. To this doctrine the churches -hold. Christians subscribe to it. We stoutly contend for it.</p> - -<p>But now for our interpretations of this doctrine. When the -exigencies of the world and the demands of a spreading Gospel -call for willing hearts, to what degree do we find the principle -in cordial and worthy practice? How many are the reasons for self -indulgence! How ready to hide out of sight the great central -doctrine when appeals come for its practical application! How -arrangements are made in churches to cajole out of Christians -what they will not give on principle! Who does not know many a -church that squeezes out its charities,—if not a good part of -its miserable support,—by fairs and festivals, by some wretched -subterfuge in which one shall seem to get value received and make -no sacrifice, to replenish its exchequer by tricks which appeal -to no Christian principle. And how often churches come before the -world, which they should be dying to save, as objects themselves of -the world’s charities, dying to be saved. That which is ordained to -be a dispenser of Christ-like benevolence and to develop the spirit -of sacrifice, cannot rise into anything higher if it ignores the -<em>only law by which it can rise</em>. The call for enlargement is the -call for sacrifice. It is a call that religion shall not alone be a -theory to be preached, but a life to be manifested.</p> - -<p>* * * * * The call for enlargement of Christian work from every portion -of the world, is a call to <em>all</em>. There appears to be no great lack of Christian men -and women to go anywhere, to do anything for Christ. But how shall they go -except they be sent? And here comes with emphatic intensiveness the appeal of -Providence (and I hope with it may be heard the appeal of the Holy Spirit), that -those who are engaged in other departments of life shall not forget <em>their</em> service. -Let me say it plainly, what is needed now more than men, is <em>money</em>, the consecration -of property, the sacrificial life in men who accumulate property. I do not -think that there is a more universally unpopular theme to discourse about than -money. If we preach about the giving of men, the church weeps and prays, and -says “Amen.” But when we preach about the giving of money, how many meet -this at least with a mental shrug, and do not love to have the Lord’s days made -common and unclean with the money question? That which they have been seeking -for all the week should not be dragged in too often on the day set apart for -<em>rest</em>. But if we pause a moment, we shall remember how full the Bible is of -directions about giving, and how much of the Lord’s teaching had reference to a -right use of money. The unprofitable servant “dug in the earth and hid his Lord’s -money.” Ruskin, I think, somewhere says that we, in the spiritual application of -this, say that, of course, this doesn’t mean <em>money</em>. It means wit, it means intellect, -it means influence in high quarters, it means everything in the world -except itself. And a very pleasant come-off there is for the most of us in this -spiritual application. Of course, if we had wit, we would use it for the benefit -of our fellow creatures. But we haven’t wit. If we had influence, we would -use <em>that</em>. But we are without political power. It is true we have a little money; -but the parable can’t possibly mean anything so vulgar as money.</p> - -<p>And yet it does mean what it says, plain money, good, hard, honest -money. We are not to “hide the Lord’s money.” So also the parable -of the talents means money, and we are to accept the meaning on its -own terms, and not to dodge away under a metaphor.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></p> - -<p>If one man is richer than others, he has more “talents” to -account for; and to use another’s words, “what he has acquired -is the measure of what he owes.” Why is one man richer than -another; that he may higher arch his own gates, pave better his -own threshold, enrich more gorgeously his own chambers with all -manner of costliness? No doubt, as a steward he may rejoice in his -stewardship, but do we remember in just what catalogue inspiration -places covetousness? Has any Christian a right to live for self, to -cling to riches for self-aggrandizement, to consume riches upon his -own lusts or set at naught the infinite urgency <em>of the world’s</em> -wants? No, friends. There is a kind of justice in a certain -thought of communism. God’s law of life is a law of service. No -man has a right under Christ’s law of life to heap up riches in -order to lord it over men, only to serve them. Ye have heard, said -Christ, how, among the Gentiles, they that will be great exercise -authority; they use their strength to exact from others, but it -shall not be so among you. He that will be great among you, let him -serve others, and be ye ministers even as Christ came not to be -ministered unto, but to minister. And no one has a right to hoard -for self-aggrandizement, or to use wealth to exact from others, -and communism with all its wrongs has a truth here, but when those -who have, use to bless those who have not, then that is the way -of Christ. When causes like this before us call for enlargement, -there is money enough which should be in the Lord’s treasury. It is -there. It is the Lord’s. He gave the quickness of apprehension, the -clearness of judgment, the strength of will which secures it.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>WORKING OUT THE EQUATION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">DISTRICT SECRETARY POWELL.</p> - -<p>It is the dictate of economy that we push the Southern work of -this Association. It is cheaper to fight ignorance and crime with -Christian education, than to fight their certain outcome with -military and police force. It is vastly cheaper to settle the -bills for the services of the Christian teacher now, than to meet -the settlement of accumulated wrongs in the outbreak of a war or -rebellion by and by. And this is a kind of settlement that must -be met. There is in the universe a law of recompense; God in the -government of the world is always working out equations. He may -require centuries to bring about the result; if so, he takes them. -Men are not far-sighted enough to see the outcome. The wicked grow -bold and defiant and boastful because of punishment delayed, while -the righteous for the same reason are led to cry out, “How long, oh -Lord! how long shall wickedness be allowed to go unrebuked?” but -all the while the law of recompense is filling out the equation. -The eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth principle is rolling up -the answer. Only give it time, and right shall have triumphant, -though it may be terrible, vindication. In the case of individuals, -the working of this law is not so evident, because retribution -follows them beyond the grave, but in the case of nations, since -they have no other life than in this world, settlement must take -place here; and it never fails. The sins of the fathers are visited -upon the children even to the third and fourth generations, and -there is no escaping the visitations.</p> - -<p>I might appeal to the history of nations, the record of whose -career has been completed, in illustration of this, but a pertinent -illustration can be found nearer home, even in our own country. -This nation cherished and protected by law the institution -of slavery. With an open Bible in the land, with Protestant -Christianity in the ascendancy, with the light of a free Gospel -shining upon all questions<a class="pagenum" name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a> of morals, with the sentiment of -enlightened Christendom smiting heavily the iniquity of the sin; -nay, with a constitution for its government, a preamble which -declared that all men were created free and equal; right in the -face of all this, and despite all this, the giant iniquity and -monstrous contradiction was fostered and protected by the law of -the land. But the equation was working out. The day of reckoning at -length came, and, in the settlement, justice exacted full payment.</p> - -<p>In his second inaugural address, President Lincoln expressed the -sentiment, that, if it were God’s will for the war to continue -“till the wealth piled up by two hundred and fifty years of -unrequited toil of the bondmen be sunk, and every drop of blood -drawn by the lash be repaid by another drawn by the sword, as -it was said three thousand years ago, so must it still be said, -‘The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.’” -This sentiment was prophetic, and ere the war ended the prophecy -had been more than realized by literal fulfillment. Just see how -it was fulfilled. Henry Clay once said that taking the slaves as -they were—old and young, sick and disabled—the average value was -about five hundred dollars per slave. The money value, at this -estimate, of the four and a half million emancipated, would be two -billion, two hundred and fifty million dollars. This amount, at -ten per cent. interest for thirty years, or one generation, would -yield, as value created by slave labor, six billion seven hundred -and fifty million dollars, which amount, added to the market value -of the slaves, makes the enormous sum of nine billion dollars, as -representing the wealth “piled up by the unrequited toil of the -bondmen,” and held by the oppressors in utter defiance of justice -and right.</p> - -<p>Nine billion dollars! Can it be that amount was sunk in the war? -The answer is yes, and at least six hundred and fifty million -dollars more! I take the figures from a responsible source, and -they are these: To put down the rebellion it cost the North four -billion seven hundred million dollars. To sustain the rebellion it -cost the South two billion seven hundred million dollars; add now -to this the market value of the slaves emancipated, two billion two -hundred and fifty million dollars, and we have, as the total, nine -billion six hundred and fifty million dollars, which this nation -spent in order to rid itself of the curse of slavery. That was the -equation in dollars. As to the equation in blood, justice was even -more severe in the exaction. Every drop of blood drawn by the lash, -it is no exaggeration to say, exacted for its canceling, not a drop -merely, but a stream. A million graves moistened by the blood of -those who fell on the field of battle, to say nothing of the blood -that ran from the bodies of the wounded millions who survived, gave -fearful emphasis to the divine equation. The wealth piled up by the -bondmen’s unrequited toil was sunk, and much more in addition; the -blood drawn by the lash was more than canceled by the blood drawn -by the sword, and still, even in the presence of these awful facts, -we are compelled to say, “The judgments of the Lord are true and -righteous altogether.”</p> - -<p>It would have been vastly cheaper, we can now see, for this nation -to have paid every dollar of the money valuation of the slaves, -and set them free before the war; it would have been better still -had the iniquity been stamped out at the very formation of the -Government, and this because right demanded it. But unfortunately, -the standard of our national legislation has been expediency, not -right, and under this cover slavery unwisely admitted within the -defenses of our constitution, has proved to be the Trojan horse -whence has issued so large a part of our national woes. And now, -shall we heed the lesson this dearly bought<a class="pagenum" name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a> experience teaches? -The negro problem is by no means yet solved. There are questions -pertaining to his social and political rights not yet answered. -Let this nation try to answer them on any other ground than a full -recognition of the negro’s rights as a man, and it will again come -into controversy with Jehovah, and again be called sooner or later -to pay the penalty of disobedience, dollar for dollar, blood for -blood, over and over and over again. It pays for the nation to -do right every time, and it does not pay for it to do anything -else. Having made these people free, justice and self-interest say -“educate them,” and it will prove as a matter of mere economy, far -cheaper to do this now than to meet the bills that by and by must -be paid in blood and money when God shall take the matter in hand -to fill out the equation.</p> -<hr class="full" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>THE FREEDMEN.</h2> - -<p class="secauth">REV. JOS. E. ROY, D.D.,</p> - -<p class="secauth">FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIONAL WORK.</h3> - -<p>* * * * We note with pleasure the growing interest in our schools, -and approval of them, by the best people of the South and the -public men of the North; the recent erection of a fine building -for Tillotson Institute, at Austin, Texas; the munificent gift of -$150,000 by Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, to be expended in putting up -additional buildings, greatly needed for institutions which have -outgrown their present accommodations; the recent acceptance by -Christian workers of high standing and rare fitness, of positions -in our Southern field; the successful development of industrial -methods in many of our best schools, notably at Hampton, Tougaloo, -and Memphis; the influence of our institutions on the colored -people, as seen in their interest in education, their willingness -to endure self-denial as teachers, their hopeful, dispassionate -and sensible utterances on their prospects and duties, and their -courageous self-support; and once again, and most of all, do we -note rejoicingly the prevailing religious sentiment that fills our -schools and the colored communities which they reach, with its -deep, quiet, but melodious undertone. Surely there is reason, in -all these considerations, for profound thankfulness to God.</p> - -<p>We are impressed with the call in the Secretary’s Annual Report for -enlargement. With the added facilities now providentially given and -soon to be enjoyed, in the shape of new buildings at Austin, New -Orleans, Nashville, Tougaloo, and Atlanta, there is a necessity for -larger contributions for the education of the increased numbers -to be accommodated. Similar facilities are loudly called for by -the growth of schools at other points, and the Report suggests -the need of new schools in Kansas and Arkansas. We cannot forget -that the second grade of education will not be complete till these -institutions are properly endowed, and the students, coming out of -poverty-stricken homes, receive annually, either from scholarships -or personal gifts, the small sums necessary to supplement their own -earnings, and so to make their education possible.</p> - -<p>Especially do we recognize the need at this juncture, of more -efficient theological training. Our church work cannot prosper -unless educated colored men are raised up to act as missionaries -and pastors. The theological training now given, is, from the want -of proper facilities,—with the exception, perhaps, of the work at -Howard University, where the Presbyterians share in the support of -the department,—of<a class="pagenum" name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a> the most meagre and unsatisfactory character. -We greatly wish that some large-hearted Christian givers might -find it their privilege suitably to endow the theological schools -already existing, that they might become, in all respects, for the -colored students of the South, what Andover, Chicago and other -similar schools are for the white students of the North.</p> - -<p>Respectfully submitted by your Committee.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Addison P. Foster</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>CHRISTIAN EDUCATION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. ADDISON P. FOSTER, JERSEY CITY, N. J.</p> - -<p>We have all noticed that of late public attention has been much -drawn to the need of universal education in this land as a means of -national safety. That book to which reference has been made several -times in this meeting, and which every thoughtful man must read if -he would inform himself in regard to the trend of popular thought -to-day, “A Fool’s Errand,” by Judge Tourgee, concludes with an -argument for the need of national education in these words:</p> - -<p>“The remedy for darkness is light; for ignorance, knowledge; for -wrong, righteousness. * * * Make the spelling-book the sceptre of -national power. Let the nation educate the colored man and the -poor white man, because the nation held them in bondage and is -responsible for their education. Educate the voter because the -nation cannot afford that he should be ignorant. * * * Honest -ignorance in the masses is more to be dreaded than malevolent -intelligence in the few.”</p> - -<p>To the same effect are the words of our honored President Hayes, in -his speech at Canton, Ohio, on the 1st of September last: “Ignorant -voters are powder and balls for the demagogues. In the present -condition of our country, universal education requires the aid of -the General Government.” * * * * * *</p> - -<p>Education, then, is called for. But the danger that specially -attacks us is in the South. * * * There is more than twenty per -cent. of illiteracy all through the Southern portion of our land. -* * * But this illiteracy is largest, unquestionably, among those -who are black. It has been stated that in one of our Southern -States ninety per cent. of the colored people are illiterate; in -another, ninety-one per cent.; in another, ninety-three per cent.; -in another, ninety-five per cent.; and in Mississippi and Texas -ninety-six per cent. Eighty-eight per cent. of the entire colored -people in the South are illiterate—or were in 1870; undoubtedly it -has changed somewhat since.</p> - -<p>We are to labor, then, in our desire to secure popular education, -especially among the blacks, and through the blacks we are to reach -the whites. * * * But, as we educate the blacks, we ask ourselves, -What sort of education shall it be? And I would say, it must be a -Christian education. It can be nothing else if it is to accomplish -its work. Public men, speaking on political subjects, refer only -to a secular education. It is well that they should enforce that -and insist upon it; but were we to content ourselves with secular -education alone, we should make the most grievous mistake of the -century. It is impossible to rely upon secular education for the -saving of the nation; we must make it a Christian education as well.</p> - -<p>Look at the influences of a merely secular education as seen in -biography and history. What has the highest secular education done -for men? It has made them simply one-sided, imperfect specimens -of manhood, deformed and dwarfed in some of those most essential -characteristics that give a man influence here, and<a class="pagenum" name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a> happiness -hereafter. A man like Hume could defend suicide. Highly-trained -intellects like those of Voltaire and Rousseau could advocate -licentiousness, both by word and by life. Men and women like J. -S. Mill, George H. Lewes, George Eliot, and that gifted but vile -woman, Sara Bernhardt, have traduced the idea of marriage, and -put a stigma upon the purest relationship that God has given to -earth. Education, mere intellectual training, has done nothing -for the morals of these people. There was a prisoner executed -a few years since in the State of New York, whose great grief -before his execution for the terrible crime of murder, was that he -could not live long enough to complete a very learned work which -he was preparing on some science. And even the honored State of -Massachusetts has on its criminal record the name of a professor in -one of its highest institutions of learning who committed murder in -a moment of passion.</p> - -<p>Look at history, if you will, and is not the record the same? Take -such nations as Greece, for example,—that wonderful land that -reached the highest perfection in culture, in history, in song and -in eloquence. Yet that land was sunk in the depths of impurity, -and some of the crimes that were prevalent in those days I would -not dare to mention in your presence. Take Rome,—that wonderful -city, that ennobled the idea of law, that produced such marvelous -intellects in the Augustan age. Yet in the very triumph of its -intellect, as the capstone of intellectual pride went on to that -magnificent temple of literature, the foundations of national -virtue were rotten to the core and began to tremble, and presently -the whole structure fell in ruins.</p> - -<p>I tell you, my friends, there is no safety in mere secular -education; it must be Christian as well. We need to put education -into the control of principle; otherwise our education may simply -give us a certain evil power over other men, and eventually bring -ruin upon us. We need to put principle in control in order that -whatever we may know shall be turned in the direction of purity, of -uprightness and of helpfulness to our fellow-men. And so here, if -we are to have an education for the blacks, or an education for the -land, we must not content ourselves with what has been called for -by these public men.</p> - -<p>I say, then, that just here the work of this Association comes -in. However much may be done by others, however much a secular -education may attempt to accomplish, it can never cover the ground -that is absolutely necessary. We have a secular education in the -North, and it is doing much, but it has never done a religious -work; nor will it ever do such in the future. We cannot expect -that it should; and we feel a peculiar sensitiveness in this -matter,—perhaps a sensitiveness that is not too great. We cannot -trust the State to educate our young religiously. I, for one, -confess a profound distrust of all State universities. I too often -have seen those universities, in their attempt to be non-sectarian, -ministering to the interests of that intensest of sectaries—the -infidel. I will go even further than this, although I may carry but -few of you with me in this conviction. I fear the methods of higher -education in our high schools are not always what they should be. -I have too often seen those who were the disciples of Huxley and -Tyndall in science, and of Spencer and of Taine in sociology, -literature and history, teaching their pupils doctrines that were -insidious in their religious influence. I should be glad for one to -see a return to the old-time academy system of New England, under -which students who valued education enough to pay for it, were -taught all branches of a higher learning on a Christian foundation, -and trained first of all and most of all in character building.</p> - -<p>But whatever you may say in regard to this matter, I am sure that -I shall carry<a class="pagenum" name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a> you with me in this conviction, that in the South, -in our labor among the blacks, our institutions must be of this -character and can be of no other. We must have institutions that -shall furnish Christian homes. Those who come to our institutions, -come from places where they have no such Christian training as -have most of those who are in public schools in this more favored -portion of the land; and those in the South, if they are to have -a Christian training at all, must have it in schools that are -under the management of Christian men, in chartered and endowed -institutions, cared for by Christian boards of trustees. It is this -Association that is doing precisely this kind of work; and this -Association and others like it will, I firmly believe, be called on -by God for years to come to labor with the same devotedness as they -have in the past for the salvation of the land.</p> - -<p>My friends, our land is in danger. I am profoundly moved with an -anxiety for a land which should be dearer to us than life. It has -seemed to me, as I have looked over this broad extent of country, -that there were flames of fraud and violence springing up here -and there, that were working disaster to our republic, and that -would in time—if we may judge by the history of other republics -that have been similarly controlled by evil influences, as France -in the last century and Spain in this, and Greece and Rome in -the centuries gone by—bring this our beloved land to wreck and -ruin. And yet we have a God above, and He has given us methods of -fighting the flames.</p> - -<p>This summer the woods of New Jersey were all ablaze, and the -farmers went out into the forests to fight the fire that they might -save their homes and their property from desolation; and the method -they pursued was this: to build against those fires a back fire -that should rage more furiously and destroy the other flame as it -advanced. It is your business and mine to</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Take up the torch of truth<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And wave it wide,”<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>to take up this blessed Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and carry -it all through the South, and touch points here and there until at -length we have the fires blazing all over the land, and ignorance -is dispersed in the light of the Gospel. Already, in almost -every Southern State, these fires are lighted and the work goes -gloriously on. Let us not lose heart, but thank God that He has -given us the privilege of joining in this grand work.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>A SAMPLE STATE.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">PRES. H. S. DE FOREST, TALLADEGA, ALA.</p> - -<p>Our Southern States are so much alike, our work, its difficulties, -its successes, its necessities are so similar, that a view of one -part of the Southern Field will stand for all. Burke’s study motto, -“From one learn all,” I think is applicable to the question before -us. If, therefore, for the few minutes I am before you, I shall -speak of one State only, and of the work of the Association in that -State, it is not because it is more important than in neighboring -States, nor because the work is more hopeful, but because for a few -months I have been learning something there of our need and of our -opportunities.</p> - -<p>On that map, you see Georgia facing east to the sunrise, and -northward toward New England. Behind Georgia, with its back close -to Mississippi, where flows the Yazoo river, is the State of -Alabama, in which about half of the population is colored. Ten -years ago there were 475,510 colored men there, when our entire -population was not quite one million. If we now look at the field, -its condition is, perhaps, what you might expect. Bear in mind that -there were no free schools<a class="pagenum" name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a> there until after the reconstruction; -that our New England ideas are exotics and grow there with -difficulty; that twenty years ago, these colored men were all -slaves and it was a crime to teach them; and you are prepared to -believe such facts as these. Of our black population of nearly -500,000 there are 168,000 of school age; and now you ask how many -after seventeen years of freedom are cared for. Recent statistics -show that of this number there were 54,000 enrolled as pupils and -40,000 in actual attendance. You see a company of black youth on -the street, and there is about one in three of them on the road -to school, and about one in four who will enter the school-house. -School-houses with us are not as numerous as at the West. On -that grand and growing frontier, the white painted school-house -anticipates the coming of the settler, and often the first building -put up is a hall for learning. You may go through that dark -State of Alabama, and travel far and wide, and not see a public -school-house. Alphabetically Alabama leads the van of the States. -She does not, however, in letters. The entire school year is about -eighty-two days, and the teachers are paid upon an average $22.65 a -month. We have never come to the taxing of property for education. -Nothing but the poll tax of our State goes for our free schools, -and the black man’s head-tax goes for the colored schools, and the -white man’s head-tax for the white schools. You are prepared to -believe, then, that our appropriation for each pupil is only $1.06. -That is about two cents a week per pupil.</p> - -<p>It is evident, then, that education is at a low ebb in that dark -State of Alabama; and such as we have, bear in mind, is the growth -of the last twenty years. It is an infusion of Northern ideas and -Northern civilization; and these first friends of learning must -be its friends still. Just now I remember calling but a few weeks -since at an important point where two railroads cross each other, -where iron and coal lie side by side, where different forms of -industry,—blast furnaces and machine shops—are going up, and it -is a place of great prospective importance that we ought at once -to occupy. I called upon the county superintendent of education, a -rebel colonel, I think six feet and more in height. He seemed to -look down upon me. I am sure he did when I announced myself from -Talladega. He at once branded me with “N.T.”—that means a Negro -Teacher, with two g’s in the word Negro. I asked him concerning the -education of the black man in that growing town. He said he knew -very little of it; he paid out ninety dollars of public money for -a teacher, but he knew nothing more. Said he, “We don’t think much -of nigger education here.” It almost took my breath away. I said -to him there might be others in the town who had different views -of negro education, and asked him if there was not some friend of -liberty with whom I might speak; and he replied, “We have not much -of the nigger about us;” and I went out. Now it is very evident, my -friends, that the work of education, so imperative, must be carried -forward by Northern consecration still.</p> - -<p>Well, if you now turn from our intellectual need to our industrial -wants, I can show you a State whose mines and hills are full of -treasure, where forest trees grow in rank luxuriance, where our -cotton fields are sufficient to wrap half America in their folds. -And yet our homes are mean and miserable, and dark and dirty, and -there is physical want and physical poverty and physical distress. -You tell me the black man is indolent. I say yes, but he is among -a lazy generation. You tell me the black man is thriftless, and -I say yes, but he is among a shiftless race. It is true that the -industrial idea of those Southern States must be carried forward, -and we must do it.</p> - -<p>But the wants that I have referred to thus far are not our most -serious need. We<a class="pagenum" name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a> come to manhood, to morality, to Christian -virtue, and there, brethren, we are just where you might suspect. -Bear in mind, it is but a few years since slavery, the sum and the -mother of villainies, was sustained by the law and defended by the -pulpit. The piety and the morality of the colored people have been -strangely divorced. As was said here yesterday, we are not opposed -by skepticism. I grant it; we can subscribe to the whole catechism -and take it in bodily, with one exception, and that exception is -the Ten Commandments.</p> - -<p>Now, “from one,” as Burke said, “learn all.” Let me tell you -two or three facts that in my mind stand for a great deal. -Recently a Doctor of Divinity, a foremost man in the Southern -Presbyterian church, told me that near the city where he lives he -has a plantation where he often spends a few days at a time, and -preaches. That minister, like others, wants his Aaron and Hur about -him. There is a church established there, and on his right hand was -a colored minister, and on the left a deacon. That minister had -three living wives. That deacon was a butcher, and lately there -were dug up out of his barnyard the skins of fifteen cattle that he -had stolen.</p> - -<p>The facts concerning Southern churches are not well recognized, I -suspect, at the North. A recent letter from one of our most trusted -young men, told me that where he was working this summer as a -teacher there are two colored churches, and that a woman, excluded -from one of them on the Lord’s day because of her gross immorality, -was on the next Sabbath received into the other church without a -letter; and this represents the type of Southern black piety.</p> - -<p>Brethren, I have come to believe that the seventy-three -Congregational churches that you have planted there stand like -light-houses in the midst of surrounding darkness. And another fact -means much to my mind. When the census agents were with us, and our -young men were arranged in the parlor for convenience, the officers -asked them their fathers’ names. Some of the young men blushed as -they gave them, and others handed them in on bits of paper. Young -men of high character, students in our theological seminary, were -born out of wedlock. They blushed at the infamy, and their blushing -was because of Anglo-Saxon blood that was wickedly in their veins. -I tell you, brethren, if you should reverse the course of the -Queen of the South, and instead of going to the North you should -go to the South, you would say with her, though in a different -sense, that the half had not been told. It is fair to believe, -then, that the Christian work of the South is most imperative, and -I am glad to turn from the wants of the field to something of our -undertakings. * * * * * *</p> - -<p>Is it strange, then, that those of us who are allowed once more -to face the front, and go personally into the conflict hand to -hand, are looking Northward for supplies? I can remember, when -we stood there in hours of need, how the Northern people did not -withhold munitions of war or what was necessary for our comfort. -We are engaged in the same warfare, and we need a large supply of -munitions.</p> - -<p>It is not seven days since, at New Haven, under the elms that shade -Yale College, I saw light-bearers in martial array passing through -the streets, and, when the band struck up the music that I heard -once on the tented field at the South, my heart grew large. When -I saw the marshaling of soldiers as in battle array, I thought of -what I had seen at Cold Harbor, at Drury’s Bluff, at Richmond, and -at Petersburg. They went on in the mimicry of war with mounted men, -and my heart was full. But soon came a noble battalion of black -men, side by side, step by step with their brethren, looking as -grand as any of them, with their<a class="pagenum" name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a> lighted torches going on towards -the front. I saw there a parable. There is Alabama and the South, -there is the Dark Continent with a sixth of the population of the -globe, 186,000,000 waiting for the Gospel. Now, then, shall we -fill those torches with oil and light them? We have men ready to -be trained to go there, and, believe me, they will not only bless -Africa, but do a large part in saving America.</p> - -<p>Do you remember, my friends, that the oldest monuments we have, -the most ancient coins that come down to us, represent the negro -kneeling before his captor, with his hands clasped in petition, yet -wearing shackles, and there kneeling in prayer to an enemy? That is -the old picture of Africa that has come down through the sun-burnt -ages. How is it to-day? Thank God, in our country the scene has -changed. The black man is not kneeling before his captor. He stands -erect with us, and with us he stands close to the ballot box. Those -shackles are broken—do I say broken? No, they were cut asunder by -the red sword of war, but still they lie at his feet. Those hands -are not clasped now, but open, and they are extended, not to his -captor, but to his old-time friends and liberators, to Christian -men and women of the North. He holds in one hand a spelling-book -and a Bible, and he stretches it out to us and says, “Come and -teach me.” Brethren, it is blessed to hear that call. It is blessed -to have a share in that work.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH WORK.</h3> - -<p>The Committee upon Church Work would emphasize the fact that -the religious work among the Freedmen is essentially that of -reformation. The churches of this Association are the Reformed -Churches of the South. Incidentally, they are Congregational. The -reason which called them into existence, and which justifies their -separate organization, is the demand for a pure, intelligent, -progressive Christianity. The Association steadily refuses to -multiply churches, or to increase their membership, except as the -true type of personal piety can be established and maintained. -And, acting upon this principle, the growth of the church is made -to depend upon the material which can be prepared for it; in other -words, the church is essentially the product of the school. There -only can the foundations be laid for an intelligent faith and a -pure morality.</p> - -<p>Your Committee desire to commend the patient adherence, not only of -the Association, but of the churches themselves, to this principle. -They would also acknowledge with gratitude the prosperous condition -of the churches, as set forth in the more detailed reports -submitted. With hardly an exception, they are provided with houses -of worship, they are substantially free from debt, discipline has -been thoroughly maintained, mission work has been earnestly carried -on, benevolence has been largely increased, the pulpit has been -well supplied, and in many cases there have been most gracious -proofs of the special work of the Spirit of God.</p> - -<p>The present number of churches is 73, an increase the last year of -5, with a present membership of nearly 5,000, an increase of 635.</p> - -<p>The question of greatest urgency connected with the department of -Church Work, is that of education for the ministry.</p> - -<p>Three of the schools have a theological department—Fisk, -Talladega, and Straight. There is also a theological department -connected with Howard University, partly under the care of the -Association. But no one of these has any endowment.<a class="pagenum" name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a> No permanent -provision whatever has been made for the instruction or support -of those studying for the ministry. The work is carried on under -every possible disadvantage. Meanwhile, the demand for an educated -ministry is steadily and rapidly increasing. The work of education -has now reached the point where the ratio of increase will soon be -enormous. Over 150,000 children have been under instruction the -past year. The material for churches will soon be abundant. The -only question will be, can it be used?</p> - -<p>Other denominations, too, are looking largely to the schools of the -Association for ministers. And England, in her missions for Africa, -naturally turns to the Freedmen of America for missionaries.</p> - -<p>Your Committee would call the attention of the churches to the -growing prominence of the religious question at the South, and -would most earnestly advise the patrons of this Association to make -fit provision and endowment for the permanent work of educating men -for the ministry.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Wm. J. Tucker</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>OUR DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">FIELD SUP’T J. E. ROY, D.D.</p> - -<p>Our church work at the South has its disadvantages, its advantages, -its obligations, its encouragements.</p> - - -<h4>I.—<span class="smcap">Its Disadvantages.</span></h4> - -<p>1. One is that our church system is entirely unknown among the -Freedmen. It is a singular fact that they should know absolutely -nothing of the churches which had led in the anti-slavery reform, -and which, through this Association, are now, as is confessed on -all hands, doing more for the lifting up of these lowly poor than -any other. The occasion of this ignorance is at hand. The doctrine -of equality in Christ’s house, as based on his own words—“All ye -are brethren”—precluded the setting up of this order of church -life among a people, where master and slave should vote, side by -side, upon all church business. I know that it will be said at once -that the Baptists, with their congregational polity, did prevail -all over the South. But theirs was, after all, not a Christian -democracy, but an aristocracy of the white members. All right of -voting was denied the colored. Even those two much-praised ancient -Congregational churches at the South, the Circular in Charleston, -and the Dorchester in Liberty County, Georgia, which took root in -that soil, did so only by denying suffrage to the colored members. -When one of the pastors of the latter, with the Bible in one hand -and a whip in the other, drove his brethren as his slaves to their -tasks, if that had been a genuine Congregational church, an appeal -would have been taken to the brotherhood for an application of that -Scripture: “Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and -equal.” One of the colored members of that church, now a worthy -deacon, told me this bit of experience. His master, a fellow church -member, had found him with a Webster’s spelling book in hand, -trying to learn to read. For this crime he was tied down, with his -face to the ground, his hands and feet made fast to four stakes, -and then upon his bare back he received such a flagellation that, -under the torture, he cried out: “Oh, massa, do stop, and I’ll -never again look into a book as long as I live.” With a fine turn -he said to me, “<span class="smcap">I gradulated then</span>.” Now, if that brother -had had the right of telling that trespass to the church, and if -all the members had had the privilege of voting upon the case, -that would have been a<a class="pagenum" name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a> piece of pure Congregationalism. Evidently -such a church system could not obtain in a slaveholding community. -So it is entirely unknown in that region; and this fact becomes a -disadvantage in introducing it now.</p> - -<p>2. Another disadvantage is that the Freedmen are so largely wedded -to other denominations. It is popular to belong to the church. The -mass, although they may not be members, will call themselves either -Baptists or Methodists. One of them on being asked, “Are you a -Christian?” responded: “No, Sah, I’se a Baptist.” The spectacular -element of immersion afforded by this church order, and the scope -given by the other to the emotional nature, have proven a great -attraction to these rude and simple souls. Then it is easy for -their zeal to rise into sectarianism and superstition, bitter and -hostile, such as leads them to denounce the new church as having -no religion, because it has no dreams and visions, no physical -contortions—such as lead them to sneer at our members as only -“Bible Christians,” while they have, instead, direct manifestations -of the Spirit. It is a surprising revelation to our teachers and -preachers who go to the South with nothing but love in their -hearts, and their hands full of the best things they could take, to -find such heat of sectarian opposition as soon as it is proposed -to set up the church life, which represents the educational effort -that is so highly prized.</p> - -<p>3. Another disadvantage for the time in setting up our churches, -is the standard of intelligence and of morality to which we seek -to bring them. The colored man who confessed that he had broken -every one of the commandments, but blessed God that he had kept his -religion, stood in part, at least, for a good many of his people. -It is hard for us who come in contact with that state of things -to accept the facts. Even then we would not wish to take the risk -of making them public, only so far as is sustained by their own -newspapers and official reports. The saddest part of it is the -impropriety of the leaders, ministers, and official members. If -the blind lead the blind, both will fall into the ditch. Each, -in self-protection, condones the other’s guilt. We know that the -system of slaveholding is largely responsible for this divorce of -religion from morality. But the fact, as we have to confront it, -is all the same. If you propose to set up a church that shall be -clean and be kept clean, in pulpit and pew, you have undertaken a -difficult task. The gravity of depravity is against you.</p> - - -<h4>II. <span class="smcap">Its Advantages.</span></h4> - -<p>1. One is that our church system had not previously prevailed at -the South, to become modified by the influences of slaveholding, -and identified with it in the associations of the colored people. -As individuals become intelligent enough to rise above the -prevailing sectarianism; as they learn the anti-slavery history -of our churches; and as they learn that the nature of our polity -prevented it from coming South in the days of slavery, they turn -to the Puritan way with avidity. It is to them a new discovery -of friends, who had stood by them when they knew it not. Indeed, -these people, whose ancestors were landed upon these shores the -same year the Pilgrims came, appear to be the Yankees of the South. -They fall naturally into the observance of Thanksgiving, and on -that day they love to hear over and over the story of the Pilgrims -and Puritans, their exile, their hardships, their poverty, their -simplicity of life, their struggle for liberty. They soon learn -that the Puritan ideas have taken possession of the North, are -now penetrating the South, and are rising to a supremacy over the -nation. As they advance in understanding they take in these ideas; -and, more and more, will they be disposed to seek the church form -which represents them.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></p> - -<p>2. Another advantage is the adaptation of this church system as an -educating process for the colored people. Any one who considers the -untutored quality of the communities in which the Apostles planted -their self-governing churches, must give up the notion that they -were New England people. Indeed, as one becomes acquainted with -the qualities of mind and elements of character in these sable -Christians, he can see that the Epistles of the New Testament -were addressed to much the same sort of people. These can govern -themselves as well as those. And, coming forth from the house of -bondage, much more do they desire their largest liberty in Christ -Jesus. The working of this autonomy of the churches is to them an -educating process. It puts responsibility upon them. They must -study its principles in order to exercise its function. Even such -men as Senators Lamar, and Hampton, and Hendricks, in the <cite>North -American</cite>, have argued that the elective franchise is not only the -means of defense, but of education, among these new-made citizens. -Precisely so does it work in church relations. Some of us, who -have observed the process, have been surprised and delighted to -see with what decorum and parliamentary skill they will handle a -deliberative assembly. As, in the days of bondage, the only outlet -for their native talent was the pulpit; and as their church was -about their only arena for organic efficiency, so now they love -most of all to handle their church affairs. And so does their -self-governing fellowship become a means of education.</p> - -<p>3. Another advantage comes from our preliminary educational work. -At the first, it was thought by some that the Association was too -tardy in advancing the church process. Soon it was learned that -the right policy had been pursued in developing the educational -interest, which was itself really missionary work, and which -was the necessary preparation for a more organic way of Gospel -propagandism. In connection with all our high schools and colleges, -churches have been organized. These have been immediate sources of -power and influence. They have also served as models and stimulus -for others that have grown up around them. In almost every case our -churches have been an outgrowth from these educational centres, or -have been developed by the teachers and preachers who have been -trained in them. Thus far, in the main, we have been preparing our -machinery. I remember that our Elgin Watch Company spent its first -two and a half years in erecting the factory and in manufacturing -its own machinery. Now it is in competition even with London and -Switzerland for the trade of Europe. We have been building up our -Elgins—the Fisk, the Howard, the Straight, Atlanta, Talladega, -Tougaloo, and Berea. They are furnishing us their approved -mechanism. This correlation of the school work to the church work -is after the wisdom of all successful missionary enterprise in -foreign lands. In India the American Board tried the experiment of -dispensing with the school process, only to put the mission back -for years.</p> - -<p>4. Another advantage is that by their slower growth, we can the -more completely assimilate and mold the material of our churches. -Drawn together by affinities of character, the more readily do they -receive instruction and take over the ideas and the style of our -system; the more certainly can discipline be maintained, purity and -sobriety secured. Heterogeneous masses would swamp church order. -At one of our Conferences, some of the brethren were bemoaning the -slow growth of our churches. A Baptist minister being present, -turned the tide by asserting that, for the present, there were -advantages in that state of things, and that his denomination -had suffered somewhat from the embarrassment of numbers. He said -that when as a farmer’s boy he stood at the tail end of a<a class="pagenum" name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a> steam -thresher for shoving away the straw, if left alone, he found -himself unable to keep up, and was soon covered down with the -accumulation. So they were sometimes bothered in handling their -great numbers in the way of discipline, and of effort at moral -elevation.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>THE NEED AND THE OPPORTUNITY.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">PROF. WM. J. TUCKER, D. D., ANDOVER, MASS.</p> - -<p>In the midst of the struggle and the difficulties attending work -among the Freedmen, there has been one point about which we have -allowed our minds to be at rest. As we have been vexed with the -problems of education and with the problems of citizenship, we -have said to ourselves, one thing is sure: the colored race is -religious. And so we have allowed the religious question to remain -comparatively in abeyance; we have said, this can wait; we have -work in hand which we must attend to; by and by we will look after -this.</p> - -<p>But in that strange haste with which God has been forcing questions -upon the American people as touching the Freedmen, we have come, -sooner than we thought, upon the religious question at the South. -I think we have made a mistake in that we have not given it more -prominence heretofore. I think we shall make a grievous mistake if -we do not carefully look this subject in the face now.</p> - -<p>In what sense is it true that the colored race is religious? How -far does the religion of the negro of the South fit him for the -essential work which his race has now before it? His religion, it -seems to me, has been peculiarly, by God’s providence, the religion -of the slave, and now the religion demanded is the religion of the -man. The most beautiful illustration in all history has been given -us by the negro, of the words of Scripture touching God’s gift to -his people: “He giveth songs in the night.” The great, happy heart -of that people has been singing through all these dark years, while -the great heart of the North has been heavy in its shame. The negro -of the South has been living for half the century in another world -than this. It his been literally true—“his citizenship was in -Heaven.” He had no citizenship anywhere else. Now he is a citizen -of this world, and the religion that fits a citizen of this world -must be his, or he will fail religiously in the problem which is -now working out in this country.</p> - -<p>I think the question is very much, to-day, with reference to the -Freedmen of the South, as it would be if the Christian of the -second century could have been taken out from his persecution, -from his sense of that other world, from his prayer for the speedy -coming of Christ, and plunged into the hard, practical uses of -this nineteenth century. We have taken the Freedman out of his -Heaven where he was living with something of joy; we have brought -him before the great duties of this world and this century. How -is his religion fitting him for the change? I have said that -his religion has been a religion of joy, fitting him to bear, -fitting him to endure; but life has become something more serious -than suffering—life has become to him a practical work. What De -Tocqueville said to Charles Sumner in his youth, may be said to -the young Freedman to-day: “Life is neither a pain nor a pleasure, -but a most serious business, to be taken up with courage, to be -laid down, if need be, in self-sacrifice.” The nation has made a -change necessary in the type of his religion. He must be refitted -religiously to the work which attends citizenship, its rights and -its duties. How is he fitted for it? If we do not answer this -question practically, ten years will show us how he is unfitted for -it.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></p> - -<p>Meanwhile, too, we, as an Association, through our educational -work, have been robbing him of his past religion. We have been -letting in the light upon his superstitions; we have dissolved his -dreams; we have put his Heaven a little farther off—he cannot fly -into it so quickly as before; we have let in the strong, hard light -of this world. We must give him something. If we simply give him -education, even though it be so much of religious education as may -be given in the schools, we are doing no more than sowing the seeds -of scepticism—as when the Romanists of the old country lose their -faith, it were better for them to stay in their faith with its -tinge of superstition, than simply to be sceptics. We cannot afford -to have this pure, tender, loving, spiritual life, developed during -these last years, caught up by the scepticism of this century and -hurried on into ruin. We have sceptics enough at the North; we -have sceptics enough through the South; the nation is drifting -fast enough into that way. Let us keep what religious sense there -is in this race trained of God, pure, by making it strong, hard, -substantial enough to stand the difficulties and the trials of -their present condition.</p> - -<p>The question then comes up, Can the Freedman be made a pure, -honest, reasoning, intelligent Christian man? Can the type of piety -be changed? Still his music if you will; take away something of -the glow of his faith; push his Heaven a little further off—can -he be made a man fit to live, and act, and do his work, in this -our century, and assume the great duties of Christian discipleship -here and now? Can he be made sufficiently moral, can he be made -sufficiently intelligent, to do practically the work which all -Christians must do, with clean hands and with pure hearts?</p> - -<p>Well, Mr. President, there have been a great many theories on the -matter, and very many men are ready to say, “You can do nothing -with the Freedmen at this point.” I think it is the simple office -of this Association to fly in the face of the theories of men -in this century, to take one race after another, treat it for -ten years, and then say to men, “There are your theories; here -is the <em>fact</em>.” Men have said of the Indian, “He won’t work.” -This Association takes men who say that, and quietly shows them -the Indian at work. Men have said of the Chinaman, “You cannot -change the type of his religion and give him any sense of faith in -Christ,” and this Association is quietly showing souls won to the -Redeemer. Men used to say, “The negro won’t fight; put him before -the eye of his master and he will quail.” The negro saw his master -in battle, he never quailed, he fell at his feet only in death.</p> - -<p>A friend told me yesterday coming on the cars, that when the -question was agitated as to whether a steamship could carry coal -enough to cross the Atlantic, one of the scientific men of the -day addressing a large audience in New York, made this statement, -“If you load a steamship when it shall leave Liverpool with coal -sufficient to last over the voyage, as you withdraw the coal, -gradually the ship will lighten and lift, and by the time the ship -is half over the sea the wheels will be out of the water.” Six -days after he made that statement, the first steamer came plowing -steadily up the Narrows into New York harbor. Men say of the negro, -“He can’t do this, he won’t do that.” Meanwhile, the American -Missionary Association is doing its strong work with him, and he -is just plowing his way steadily into public notice and disproving -everything flung in his face.</p> - -<p>There are signs—and some of them very manifest—of the capacity -of the Freedmen for great moral strength. Have you read Judge -Tourgee’s reference to the fact<a class="pagenum" name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a> that when the opportunity was -given, after the war, for the negroes to register themselves for -marriage—to be married by the laws of the State in wholesale—how -eagerly they availed themselves of that opportunity, that they -might have the form and reality of marriage, and the stamp of -legitimacy upon their children? The negro knows what a home means; -he has been wanting it; now he will have in time as clean a home as -you or I may have. What do you think I discovered a few days ago -in one of the historic towns of New England? A friend looking over -the records of that old town, came upon the list of baptisms, and -this fact came out: in early Puritan days in a town not twenty-five -miles from Boston more children were born out of wedlock than in -wedlock; and the Puritan says to the negro, “You don’t know what a -home is.” Wait;—give him a chance.</p> - -<p>You see how it is with regard to his industries. Men say he is -lazy: why does he go to work as soon as he leaves the land which -induces laziness? The reports come from Kansas that he is thrifty, -that he is putting his hand to the plow, that he is doing the work -he is given there to do. Individuals taken as types of the race are -declaring their capacity for strong industrial development. You -know his record in matters of education; you know he is beginning -to make himself, so far as he has the chance anywhere, a power in -citizenship. I believe that this question of morality will settle -itself, that the negro can at least show, under right training, an -average development in the morals of religion.</p> - -<p>One question then remains: What is the true way of approach to -this religious question of the South? Something has already been -done through the strong, patient work, known as the <em>church work</em> -of this Association—taking the products of the school, young men -and women as trained in the schools, and organizing them into -churches, for the churches are merely the outgrowth of the schools. -The old churches of the South are not fit to be transferred into -the churches of this Association. We are all the weaker for any -church that might be allowed to come in in that way. The greater -approach—and that which I believe the Association, so soon as -it has the means, will endeavor to carry out—is in the larger -training of leaders, to meet what will be within ten or twenty -years the enormous demand for Christian leadership through the -South. In other words, give to the millions of the colored race at -the South a sufficient number of trained, educated, common-sense -ministers, and they will make that people in half a century the joy -and the pride of our land.</p> - -<p>We need to do this to save the bright, strong men among the -negroes from going elsewhere. A young man of good parts came to -his church five years ago, and said to them, “Take my name off the -church-roll; I am going into politics.” His brethren said to him, -“Wait a little; you do not want your name off the church-roll if -you are going into politics. But must you go there?” They showed -him the more excellent way, and to-day he is one of the most -effective ministers in the South. We want to lay our hands, while -we can, while we have the material, on the very pride of the youth -of the colored race, and secure them to the ministry. We want -hundreds of men—the best men, who have the instinct of leadership -about them—men who have that strong, organizing, executive force, -as well as the sympathetic power, by which they can build up -churches in the name of the Redeemer throughout that country.</p> - -<p>What is the furnishing for this at present? Here are four schools: -Howard commands the north-eastern section, situated at Washington; -Fisk, in Tennessee; Talladega, in Alabama; and Straight in New -Orleans; and nearly a hundred men from these departments are in -the process of studying for the Christian<a class="pagenum" name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a> ministry. We want to -enlarge, and that speedily; for, as I have suggested, the ratio -of increase through the educational work within ten years will be -enormous. We want to enlarge greatly this productive power for the -ministry; and to that end I believe, as the report has stated, we -need substantial endowment for permanent work of this nature. It -has been suggested in the report that we need men for more than -home affairs. England, with generous look, is ready to enter into -Africa and do large work there for Christ. What she wants is men. -Fisk University has consecrated itself largely to the work of -supplying Africa with missionaries. We want to respond to England, -with her generous means, by the gift of men, sending out worthy -men, by which the two nations shall go hand in hand in bringing -light into the dark continent.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile, I say as I sit down, that, with regard to this whole -question touching the South, there seems to me to be two aspects of -it; the one of which will give us at present only discouragement, -the other giving us the largest hope and joy.</p> - -<p>When Henry J. Raymond was editor of the <cite>New York Times</cite>, some of -you may remember, after one of his stirring editorials, some one -at the South sent him this laconic letter: “Henry J. Raymond. Sir: -Come down South, and we will tar and feather you.” To which Mr. -Raymond replied in equally laconic fashion: “Sir: I think I will -wait; the inducements are not sufficient.” Capital, looking South, -says, “The inducements are not yet sufficient.” Society, looking -South, says, seeing the ostracism there, “I think I will wait; the -inducements are not sufficient.” The North, ready to pour in its -own civilization there so far as it might be accepted, has come -to say to itself, “I will wait; time on this continent is on the -side of the Puritan.” But the American Missionary Association, -touching the conscience and the heart of many strong souls at the -North, said, long ago, “I wait no longer; the inducements <em>are</em> -sufficient.” Knowing the ostracism, knowing the persecution, -knowing the difficulties, the inducements for Christian work, -for education, prevailed upon that heart; and to-day we have the -result of what that spirit has been that has looked the South in -the face, that has taken the Freedman by the hand, that is pushing -the glorious work of reformation and reconstruction; not in the -name of a party, hardly in the name of the country, but in that -ever-blessed name above party—even greater than country—the -Crucified.</p> -<hr class="full" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>AFRICA.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>The Committee, to whom was referred those portions of the Report of -the Executive Committee relating to the work of the Association in -Africa, beg leave to submit the following report:</p> - -<p>We stand at the opening of a new era in the history of African -missions. No real cause for discouragement in the present aspect -of affairs presents itself. There is, on the contrary, abundant -reason for gratitude to God, that through the darker experiences -of the past, in which He has revealed to us more clearly what are -His plans, He is leading us to the brighter issues of the future. -The logic of events is irresistible. We, of this Association, are -driven to certain hopeful conclusions.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></p> - -<p>1st. Africans for Africa. This is the evident teaching of God’s -providence. It is the great lesson of the Mendi mission. The -long list of the heroic dead, martyrs for the Gospel in Africa; -the vast expenditure of resources necessary in supporting white -missionaries; the peculiar dealings of God’s providence with the -negro in this country, especially fitting him for this work—all -point in this direction. This is the fact which gives peculiar -significance to the work of this Association, both in this land -and in Africa, and we hail it with encouragement and hope as one -element of the new and happier era of lasting success, which we -believe will, in the future, attend, under God, the missionary work -of that waiting continent.</p> - -<p>2d. Need of careful supervision. In view of the facts laid before -us, and in view, also, of the important enlargement of the work -contemplated, we most heartily commend the determination of the -Executive Committee to appoint a general superintendent of the -work of this Association in Africa. Such a superintendent appears -to us to be a necessity. We believe that he would have more than -he could conveniently do in devoting himself to systematizing the -work in its various phases, providing a suitable literature for the -people, supervising educational and industrial enterprises, keeping -account of the financial matters of the missions, giving character -and direction to the counsels of the missionaries, studying new -regions for advance movements, reporting needs and plans, and thus -enlisting interest at home and abroad. We urgently hope, therefore, -that the appointment of such a superintendent, residing at some -healthful point, easily accessible to the missions, will be made at -the earliest practicable moment.</p> - -<p>3d. The subject of the Arthington Mission is no longer an open -question. You have already determined, upon conditions believed -to be practicable, that you will occupy that land for Christ. The -money, we have some reason to hope, is coming, the men are coming, -the Association is only waiting to begin wisely. In an enterprise -of such vast moment to all concerned, care is better than cure. -Your Committee believe that they only give voice to the earnest -desire of the churches, when they express the hope that, as soon -as the necessary funds are received, you will go forward with the -same judicious care as in the past, and take the proper steps to -ascertain more fully the best ways of entering this open door for -enlarged work and greater results.</p> - -<p>4th. In view of the events of the year, so full of sadness in the -history of many African missions, your Committee recognize the fact -more clearly than ever before, that the call of God rests, in an -especial manner, upon this Association, to maintain and enlarge -this African work in the way of His own appointment. The great -results it is achieving for the negro of the South have received a -new meaning and impetus in the light of African missions. The whole -problem of the negro in America is finding its solution slowly but -surely. In the providence of God this Association, in the two-fold -relation which it holds to the Freedmen of America on the one hand, -and to the pagans of their fatherland on the other, more truly -than any other, we believe, holds the key to the evangelization of -Africa.</p> - -<p>Your Committee, therefore, feel warranted in suggesting that -the true attitude of this Association, in view of the report of -its missions in Africa, should be one of thankfulness for the -experience of the past, encouragement in the work of the present, -and earnest expectation for the future.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Henry M. Ladd</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></p> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>THE MENDI MISSION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">PROF. T. N. CHASE, ATLANTA, GA.</p> - -<p>In November last, I received a letter from Secretary Strieby, -asking me to visit the Mendi Mission in West Africa, which -invitation, after consultation with my family, from whom I was -separated, was accepted, and on the 6th of December I sailed for -that land.</p> - -<p>My instructions required me to make such changes in the force of -missionaries and their respective duties as seemed best, and to -obtain information, and report, upon the following topics, viz.: -The health of the missionaries; the church, school, and industrial -work; finances and accounts; the removal or retention of Good Hope -station; extension of the work into the interior, and the use of -the Mendi language.</p> - -<p>Upon all these topics, and some others, I reported as well as I -could to the Executive Committee of the A. M. A., and some extracts -have been embodied in their Annual Report of the work of the -Association. Most of the information and reflections in this paper -will be supplementary to that report.</p> - -<p>Between Liverpool and Freetown, Sierra Leone, is a weekly line of -steamers, one of which we took; and, after touching at Madeira, -Teneriffe, Grand Canary, Goree, and Bathurst, we landed, on the -twenty-second day of our voyage, at Freetown. Thence a small -steamer conveyed us to Bonthe, where is the Good Hope station of -the Mendi mission. The Sherbro river runs between the main land -and Sherbro Island, being quite like Long Island Sound; and into -it flow several branches that penetrate the Mendi country. On the -inside of Sherbro Island, about fifty miles from its northern -extremity, where is the mouth of the river, and ten miles from its -southern point, is Good Hope, with its church, school and home. The -buildings are on the bank of the stream, and the peaceful river, -several miles in width, studded with green islands, presents a -beautiful view. On the Sherbro Island a few miles south of Good -Hope, is Debia, and thirty or forty miles up the Small Boom, a -branch of the Sherbro, is Kaw Mendi, which has been described in a -recent number of the <cite>Missionary</cite>.</p> - -<p>Starting from Good Hope, and sailing north, down the Sherbro twenty -miles, and then east up the Bahgroo twenty miles more, we come to -Avery. For most of the way the banks of the river are lined with -mangrove trees—appearing at high tide to stand in the water—whose -trunks rest, at several feet above the ground, upon pyramids of -stems or roots, and whose outspread branches send down to the earth -numberless rope-like twigs of various sizes, altogether forming an -almost impenetrable jungle. But about a mile below Avery the scene -changes. The mangroves disappear, the low banks give way to quite -high bluffs, and for a long distance stretches a rolling surface, -with a soil of partially decomposed iron-stone. In a bend of the -river, on a conspicuous bluff, stand the buildings of Avery, the -component parts of the station being a home, a church, a school, a -saw-mill, a garden, a coffee-farm, and a fakir.</p> - -<p>The home is beautiful for situation, being so nicely located as to -command a view of both banks of the river for half a mile in each -direction; water, rocks and foliage being blended most charmingly. -In this home dwell the pastor of the church with his wife, the -superintendent of industrial work, and ten little native boys and -girls, whose voices cheer the heart of one who loves children, as -the little fellows nearly exhaust their stock of English words in -saying “amen,” and the end of grace at meals, repeating the Lord’s -Prayer, and saying, “Good night,<a class="pagenum" name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a> sir,” at their hour for retiring. -Some of these buds of promise have such illustrious names as Robt. -Arthington, Wm. E. Gladstone, A. K. Spence, Jennie Pike and M. E. -Strieby.</p> - -<p>It was our privilege to attend church twice, and prayer meeting -several times. The dress of the congregation, so far as it went, -was novel, these people having never submitted to the cruel tyranny -of fashion, but in most cases the amount of apparel met the -requirements of decency. Milliners, however, would have a dry time -in this region, for I noticed but one hat or bonnet, and I could -not tell which. In other cases the head was bare, or surmounted -by a turban made from a handkerchief ingeniously twisted and -tied. Some of the men had full suits, others only a country cloth -wrapped about them, and a few seemed satisfied with simply a large -handkerchief about their loins. But, notwithstanding their lack -in style and quantity of clothing, they were good listeners, and -doubtless carried away much that was said; at least, the writer -of this paper found great pleasure in preaching a lay sermon -from the text, “God so loved the world,” &c. The tithing master, -who paces up and down the aisles, has as little to do in keeping -drowsy persons awake as he would in many New England churches. Some -entries in the agent’s ledger seem to indicate that attendance upon -church and other religious services is not altogether voluntary. -One entry reads, “Cut (docked) for staying away from church, -one shilling;” and another, “Being late to morning prayers, one -shilling.” And in estimating the rigor of this discipline, one need -to know that a shilling pays the wages of a common hand a day and a -half. They have no trade-unions there.</p> - -<p>The school at Avery is taught by Mr. Jowett, a native, who speaks -English correctly and fluently. The pupils appeared very much like -other children. Some read and spelled well, and some had to “get -their lessons over.” Little John Bull showed that he had some -surplus energy by thrusting his fist into the mouth of his drowsy -neighbor.</p> - -<p>The sawmill is said to have been erected by Mr. D. W. Burton, -with the assistance of natives alone, and is a monument to his -ingenuity, energy and perseverance. Small logs are sawed by a -circular, but most of the work is done by an up-and-down, which -allows the logs to drag their slow length along sufficiently -fast to make the mill pay its way under careful management, with -sawyers at fifteen dollars a month, and lumber at forty-five -dollars a thousand. Other entries in the ledger show a high state -of discipline in <em>this</em> department of mission work. “Neglecting to -tie a canoe, one shilling.” “Smoking in the mill, four shillings.” -“Neglect of duty, one shilling.” “Not obeying, two shillings.”</p> - -<p>The chief productions of the garden are cassada, sweet-potatoes -and pineapples. The cassada is a root of milk-white color, and is -the leading article of food. It is usually boiled, but sometimes -baked, or eaten raw. The sweet-potato flourishes well and is -very palatable. The pineapple grows on bushes or shrubs two or -three feet high, the fruit standing up in the midst of long, -narrow, serrated leaves. The yard has cocoanut, banana, orange and -cinnamon trees. In reading lists and descriptions of the African -productions, one might conclude that this is the land for an -epicure; but the fact is that none of these things take the place -of the beef, wheat, vegetables and fruit of the United States, and -a person who has lived in the tropics for a little while, longs for -a Fulton or Quincy market.</p> - -<p>The coffee farm consists of 1,500 trees from two to six feet high, -set in rows eight feet apart and just beginning to bear. The coffee -grows in pods about the size of a robin’s egg, in each of which are -two kernels enveloped in a skin or husk.<a class="pagenum" name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a> To keep down the rapid -and rank growth of grass with the hoe alone, requires a vast amount -of labor. I find that these industries are highly appreciated by -travelers and traders, and have made the name of Mr. Burton well -known on the coast. The natives have felt their influence already, -and will be more and more inspired by them to habits of industry -and enterprise.</p> - -<p>The remaining element of the station is the fakir, or native -village. Most of the houses have mud walls, with bamboo or thatched -roofs. They are built without much system, and are huddled -together, because, probably, where wars prevail, it is necessary -to wall in the towns and villages for defence, and so the houses -must not occupy too much ground. Such is Avery, with its material, -mental, and religious machinery, all tending to produce an -intelligent and stable Christianity.</p> - -<p>And now those who have become interested in the experiment of -manning the Mendi mission with graduates of A. M. A. schools, are -asking whether the plan is successful, and I am supposed to have -some information upon this point. It is not quite three years since -the first party of these colored missionaries sailed for Africa, -two of whom have returned, and the others have had a shorter term -of service. So it is too soon to say whether the experiment has -been a success or a failure. If the work had been carried on by -them in the most approved manner, it would be premature to say that -the problem of African evangelization had been successfully solved. -And, on the other hand, if the experiment thus far had been an -utter failure, it would be unjust to the colored race to conclude, -from this one brief trial, that they are incapable of carrying on -mission work by themselves in Africa. Those who are most ready -to embark in an enterprise of this kind are not always the best -qualified. Zeal is needed, and in no leas degree, sound judgment -also.</p> - -<p>Fisk University graduated its first college class in 1875, and -Atlanta hers in 1876, so that from these Institutions have come -only five or six small classes that have completed a collegiate -education, and the first one of these students to graduate from a -full theological course has just received his diploma. And then -the officers of the Association have not had their pick from the -graduates of their schools. Some of those best qualified for -mission work abroad are fully persuaded in their own minds that -their field of labor is at home.</p> - -<p>So the experiment at the Mendi mission has not been tried under the -most favorable circumstances. The officers of the Association have -not had, like those of the American Board for <em>its</em> work, a large -number of fully educated, mature and consecrated men and women from -which to select candidates for their African mission.</p> - -<p>But what is the actual outcome of this brief experiment? The -colored missionaries have kept alive the churches and schools, have -well cared for the buildings and grounds of the stations, have -cultivated the coffee-farm, have bought logs, manufactured and sold -lumber, have organized a new church of considerable promise, and -all but one of them have kept unbroken the brittle thread of life.</p> - -<p>[After granting that the mission has as a whole met with serious -drawbacks, and suffered from the lack of character and wisdom on -the part of some of those to whom it was entrusted, Mr. Chase -refers at some length to the following as reasons why mission work -in Africa is, and must be, slow: 1. Polygamy; 2. Mohammedanism; -3. The superstitions of the people; 4. The rum trade; 5. The -unhealthfulness of the climate; 6. The pernicious influence of -traders; 7. The<a class="pagenum" name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a> inability of the natives to procure the equipments -of Christian civilization. The paper concludes as follows]:</p> - -<p>Now, in view of this rather gloomy presentation, does any one say, -“Let us abandon the Mendi Mission; money enough has been spent, -lives enough have been sacrificed”? I have not written with any -such object in view. My purpose has been to state plain facts as -they exist, for the consideration of wise men, believing that if -there is any lack of tangible results, it is not all the fault -of management or workers, and that great things ought not to be -expected in the immediate future.</p> - -<p>But there are grounds for hope as well as for despondency. The -mission has a good name. The labors of Raymond, Thompson and -others, are fragrant in the memories of natives and foreigners, so -that even the British colonists in Sierra Leone are loud in their -praise. The industrial work, instituted and carried on by the -wonderful ingenuity and energy of Mr. Burton, has secured the good -will of traders and foreign residents. I heard many encomiums upon -the mission, especially upon its early history.</p> - -<p>The Mendians are a numerous people, occupying a belt of territory -of some hundred miles upon the sea, and reaching far back into the -interior, all of which region is drained by the Sherbro river, -near the mouth of which is located our Good Hope station. Our -mission was established among them many years before those of other -societies, and its work is far ahead of that of the Wesleyans and -Church of England, and if these should greatly increase their -efforts there would still be room for us.</p> - -<p>By the assiduous labor of Mr. Claflin, the language of the Mendi -people has been reduced to writing, an elementary grammar and small -vocabulary have been published, and portions of the New Testament -translated, so that the acquisition of the native tongue is -comparatively easy.</p> - -<p>The land and buildings of the mission constitute a valuable -property; the Good Hope station, with its regular steamboat -communication with Freetown, furnishes a needed base of operations, -and the sawmill at Avery will provide lumber for future buildings.</p> - -<p>The fact that this mission is right in the heart of the old slave -grounds, ought to furnish inspiration for its support. Between -it and Freetown on the Bomana Islands were the old slave pens of -the infamous and afterward illustrious John Newton. Kaw Mendi is -supposed to be the centre of the region from which the Amistad -captives were dragged from their homes to be sold into slavery, -and is the point at which they settled after their return from -these Connecticut shores, through what might be called a series of -special providences. At Kaw Mendi it was my privilege to see and -converse with two surviving members of that slave cargo. Special -interest in such a field as this is something more than mere -sentiment. It is the breath of the God of Love sweeping across the -chords of the soul.</p> - -<p>Then too, in addition to the name and history of the mission, its -valuable property, its large field, its written language, and its -providential beginning, it has living material that can be utilized -in its future extension. The station at Debia, where the lamented -Barnabas Root labored for a time, is well carried on by a native -educated at the mission; and another efficient helper of the same -training is employed at Good Hope. And there are several traders -and carpenters, mission-educated, who could render good service in -penetrating the interior.</p> - -<p>The great call at present is for two or three men of ability and -culture, of broad views, of practical sense, of considerable -business experience, and of deep<a class="pagenum" name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a> consecration, who are ready -to enlist for a long term of service, and take the lead in this -enterprise.</p> - -<p>The foundations have been laid, the material for the structure is -at hand and the work is waiting for a wise master-builder.</p> - -<p>Let a disciple of the Lord see those people there in their -degradation, superstition, and poverty, and then let him visit some -of our communities in the South, and see those of the same color, -features, and form, living in comfortable houses, clad in decent -garments, cultivating large fields of their own, and supporting -the school and the church, and let him realize that these pictures -present the same race and perhaps the same tribe of people, and -that he can be instrumental under Providence, even in an ordinary -life-time, in bringing about a repetition of this wonderful -transformation, and he ought to need no stronger inspiration.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>THE CALL TO THE ASSOCIATION.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. H. M. LADD, WALTON, N. Y.</p> - -<p>One need not be a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, to be able -to predict that the world’s great enterprises of the next century -will take hold upon Africa. Already the earnest gaze of the -civilized world is fixed upon that opening continent. The spirit -of discovery and of commerce have pushed their way into the very -heart of its mysterious jungles. Its borders are all alive with -the enterprise of nations. Vast preparations are making to open up -its wonderful resources, and to find a mart for the products of -civilized industry. Truly, as the great French poet has said, “In -the nineteenth century the white has made a man out of the black. -In the twentieth century Europe will make a world out of Africa.”</p> - -<p>The great question is, Shall Christianity keep abreast of this -advancing host? Shall the seeds of the Gospel of light be sown -broadcast through this dark continent, before the tramping feet of -commerce have trodden down its soil into the hardened footpaths -of sin? The call of God is emphatic. He has opened a door which -no man can shut. That call rests in a peculiar manner upon this -Association. It has not been optional with you whether you -should enter Africa. The hand of God, manifested in the peculiar -circumstances attending the Amistad capture, sent you to Africa. -That hand has kept you there; and to-day you are not seeking for -yourselves a way up the Nile and into the heart of Central Africa; -you are invited there, you are urged there, you are sent there. It -will be a great undertaking to go, but it will be a greater mistake -not to go. The generous offer of Mr. Arthington, the importance -of the field, its unoccupied condition, its easy accessibility, -the pledge of needed funds, the fact that it lies right in the -very heart of that region cursed by the slave-trade not yet -abolished, make it obligatory upon this Association to accept the -responsibility and speed forward the work.</p> - -<p>But this is not all. Not only do we hear the call of God resting -in a peculiar manner upon this Association, heard especially in -its earlier and later history, but this Association is peculiarly -fitted for the work. It holds in its hands, as the gift of God, -a peculiar power. We in this country are just beginning to -spell out the true lessons, the real meaning of slavery on our -soil. This Association, more than any other under God, has been -our teacher. It has shown us what the educated black man, with -even his limited facilities, can do; and now it has grasped, and -proposes to carry out, a distinctive idea—negroes for negro land. -Mr. President, is it too much to say, that, in this distinctive -idea, so satisfactorily demonstrated<a class="pagenum" name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a> already in the history of -African missions, we recognize the star of hope for Africa? Is -it not the solution of many a difficulty? We need not refer here -to the stimulating reflex influence of this new policy upon the -Christian colored people of the South. That it will be great, no -one can doubt. But what is to be the future of Africa, as it is -dotted over here and there where no white man can live, with these -abiding centres of a Christian civilization? What is to prevent the -establishment of these points of light throughout that benighted -region, until, like the stars of Heaven, they shall flood the dark -continent with a galaxy of light, growing brighter and brighter -until the day dawn and the Sun of Righteousness arise with healing -in his wings?</p> - -<p>To this end we are called of God to sacrifice, to labor and to -pray. The wise plans which this Association have devised give every -assurance of success. Not at once, perhaps. We must not expect -too much at once, but in the fullness of time. To say that there -are not great obstacles in the way, would be to close our eyes to -the truth. There are obstacles; but what are obstacles when God -is with us? He has not forgotten Africa. That continent, which -holds nearly one-sixth of the human race and is equal in area to -all Europe and North America combined, was surely included in that -great command, “Go ye into all the world and disciple all nations.” -The promises—are they not ours? Will He not be with us alway, yes, -even unto the end of the world? Is not the final victory assured, -even that victory that overcometh the world—our faith? Are we -not taught to pray, “Thy kingdom come”? Surely God’s will is yet -to be done on earth as it is in Heaven, and these nations are yet -to become the nations whose God is the Lord. The day shall come. -It may be ages from this time—but to the thought of God, and to -the life of humanity, ages are but days—when Ethiopia shall not -stretch out her hands in vain.</p> - -<p>Let us, then, go confidently forward in the line which God has -marked out for us. Let us help the Freedman of the South to fulfil -his destiny. His bondage over, having safely passed through the Red -Sea of blood, and been brought forward by the pillars of cloud and -of fire, let us now open to him the land of his fathers, and bid -him enter it to drive out the strange gods, and to proclaim the -unsearchable love of our God.</p> - -<p>Oh, then, speak unto this children of Israel that they go forward, -and songs of thanksgiving shall arise from the groaning heart of -Africa.</p> -<hr class="full" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>THE INDIANS.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>Your Committee, to whom has been referred that part of the Report -of the Executive Committee which concerns the American Indians, beg -leave to report as follows:</p> - -<p>We recognize with gratitude the work which has been accomplished by -the American Missionary Association, in behalf of the Indians, in -its missionary and educational departments.</p> - -<p>We especially recognize and commend the success of the experiment -of bringing youth from the tribes, and educating them at Hampton -Normal and Agricultural Institute and at Carlisle Barracks; and, -at the same time, we record our<a class="pagenum" name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a> decided opinion that the schools -on the reservations, while the reservations are continued, must be -relied upon as among the most efficient agencies for improving the -condition of the Indians.</p> - -<p>We believe that the possibility of civilizing the Indians is no -longer an open question, as is proven by what has already been -realized at the Fort Berthold, Lake Superior, S’Kokomish, and all -the agencies.</p> - -<p>But your Committee desire emphatically to express the opinion -that all attempts to civilize and Christianize the Indians must -be slow and unsatisfactory until there is a radical change in the -relation between the Indians and the United States Government. The -Committee, therefore, desire to reaffirm two resolutions adopted at -the last Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association, as -follows:</p> - -<p>Res. 1. That the aim of this Association shall be, as far as -possible, and as rapidly as possible, to secure for the Indians—</p> - -<p>(1.) A legalized standing in the courts of the United States.</p> - -<p>(2.) Ownership of land in severalty.</p> - -<p>(3.) The full rights of American citizenship.</p> - -<p>These three things, we believe, are essential, if the Indian is to -be either civilized or made a Christian.</p> - -<p>Res. 2. That to this end the members of this Association will do -all in their power to make the Indian question a pressing question, -until the attention of Congress is so secured, and held to it, that -the legislative enactment necessary to bring about these changes be -completely accomplished.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Amory H. Bradford</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>CAUSES OF THE MISMANAGEMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. A. H. BRADFORD, MONTCLAIR, N. J.</p> - -<p>In the management of Indian affairs there has been little, if any, -progress since colonial days.</p> - -<p>I. The New World was supposed to belong to its discoverers, and -the Indians also, because they belonged to the land. When England -transferred her colonies to the new Republic, it was without any -mention of the aboriginal inhabitants, or their rights. Trees and -stones could not have been more completely ignored. With the single -exception of the Treaty of 1803, by which Louisiana was obtained, -all the Indian population was unconditionally transferred with -the land. “In our first treaty of peace with Great Britain, by -which the latter yielded all claims to the country as far as the -Mississippi River, not a single stipulation appears in regard to -the aboriginal inhabitants, and when they were received they were -considered to be in the same situation,—as far as their legal -status was concerned,—as the nation by which they were surrendered -had placed them.” (The Indian Question, Otis, p. 51.) What was -that status? The Indians were many; the colonists were weak. The -stronger compelled the weaker to treat with them as sovereign -tribes. The weaker became stronger. The same method was pursued -then because of jealousy of the French. Treaties were made, and -what the colonists could not compel by force they accomplished -by intrigue. In the wars between England, Spain and France, the -aborigines held the balance of power, and thus compelled their own -recognition. When the war for independence came,<a class="pagenum" name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a> the same was -true. Both British and colonists sought their friendship, and paid -for it. Thus, in a word, grew up the recognition of the sovereignty -of the tribal and national organizations. Thus commenced the -atrocious policy of quietly, by treaty and gifts, removing the -Indians westward, as lands were required for settlement. Since the -revolution, until 1871, when the treaty system was abolished, the -same general plan has been followed.</p> - -<p>In everything else, there has been progress. In the management -of our Indian affairs, we are hardly a step in advance of those -who, in 1753, in forming a unity of action against the savages, -organized the germ of our Union of States.</p> - -<p>II. The Reservation system seems to have had its birth in the -administration of Jefferson. The object was to make conflict -impossible until the natives could be civilized by isolating -them. Education was to be provided, missionaries sent, protection -guaranteed until they should become new men. Did the plan succeed? -It had hardly been commenced before its failure was recognized. It -has been continued, and the longer it has lasted the worse it has -failed.</p> - -<p>The removal to reservations was commenced in earnest under -President Jackson, who advised Congress to set apart an ample -district west of the Mississippi, and without the limits of any -state or territory, to be guaranteed to the Indian tribes as long -as they should occupy it; each tribe having the management of its -own portion of the district, and being “subject to no other control -from the United States than such as may be necessary to preserve -peace on the frontier, and between the several tribes. There the -benevolent may teach, and an interesting commonwealth may be raised -up, destined to perpetuate the race and attest the humanity and -justice of this Government.” (Otis, p. 96.) President Van Buren was -not less sanguine than President Jackson. Never were golden dreams -more ruthlessly shattered. As well might our representatives have -attempted to tame a herd of buffaloes by corraling them at the base -of Mt. Hood, as to attempt to civilize the Indians by separating -them from all civilizing influences. As well might you plant a -keg of nails and expect it to come up a piano, as to seclude such -wild natures on the prairies, or between mountains, and expect -peace and harmony to result. The policy of removal did not benefit -the Indian, and has brought but temporary relief to the country, -by “the elimination of a troublesome element in society.” It has -not been pursued to any great extent during the last twenty-five -years, but still the massing of the Indians in two or three great -reservations seems to be the ideal of our legislators, an ideal -which has not a single support either in reason or experience.</p> - -<p>Then the reservations have been such only in name. The Black -Hills territory belonged to the Dakotas only a few years ago. You -remember the story. Reports of mineral wealth reached the outside -world. Emigration commenced. But that country had been set apart -by treaty to the Dakotas. “Yet,” say Felix R. Brunot, “every -step from the moment of making that peace with the Indians, has -been in the direction of depriving them of the very land which -the Peace Commission gave them.” Though there were wealth in -the Black Hills, our nation should have said, and stood by the -declaration—“Gentlemen, that Black Hills country belongs to the -Indians. If those mountains were built of solid gold, and those -river beds were paved with diamonds, not one of you should be -allowed there, unless in honorable trade you had purchased the -right.” But adventurers crowded in, and, because they had white -skins, the sacred covenants of the nation were broken. What wonder -that when the land was assigned them they eagerly asked, “How long -will it be that the President will keep his promise?” Why<a class="pagenum" name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a> should -they be loyal to the Government? The Rev. Mr. Sherrill, of Omaha, -writing in the <cite>Advance</cite>, says, “The commonly accepted report is, -that when Commissioner Hayt visited Spotted Tail on the Upper -Missouri, and attempted to misinterpret his promise to the tribe, -Spot shook the written document with Mr. Hayt’s name at the foot of -it in the Commissioner’s face, called him a ‘bald-headed liar,’ and -walked out of the tent indignantly refusing to have anything more -to do with such a forked tongue.”</p> - -<p>The reservation system has not secured to the Indians permanent -homes; it has not preserved them from molestation; it has not -improved them either morally or physically; it has not relieved the -Government of care or expense; from beginning to end, it has been a -stupendous fraud and failure.</p> - -<p>III. I turn now to the Indian treaty system of the United States, -one of the most fearfully and wonderfully concocted systems that -human stupidity ever devised. It was in operation until 1871. -More than three hundred and sixty-six treaties with native tribes -are recorded in the statute books since the adoption of the -Constitution. If it is remembered that in many of these covenants -several tribes were united, the actual number of treaties is -multiplied to nearly one thousand. It would puzzle a philosopher -to get at the true inwardness of this system. The fact is, that in -colonial days, and almost ever since, the Indians have been treated -with as if they were independent and sovereign States. As such, -they were distinct from United States subjects, and could only be -reached under the forms of international law. In the language of -Justice McLean of the Supreme Bench, “The President and Senate, -except under the treaty-making power, cannot enter into compacts -with the Indians or with foreign nations.” That is plain; and if -the Indians had always been treated according to that decision, -there would have been less trouble. But Congress has claimed -jurisdiction over them, and while the President and Senate were -making treaties, has held each member of the tribes individually -amenable to such laws as it might choose to enact. The Court -decides that they are to be treated with as independent tribes, -and Congress proceeds to manage them as a portion of our dependent -population.</p> - -<p>Two illustrations. The Wyandotte Treaty of 1855 declared the -Indians of that band to be citizens of the United States. The -treaty with the Pottawatomies in 1862 placed it in the power of the -President to confer citizenship upon the members of that tribe. -Now, if the Indians were foreigners, they could become citizens -only by naturalization, according to rules prescribed by Congress. -The treaties with them imply that they are foreigners; but the -courts have decided that naturalization laws do not apply to them; -therefore it is evident that it is competent for Congress, and no -other power, to confer upon them political rights. Yet, in the -instances cited, the treaty-making power assumed these rights. -The Executive and Senate abandoned, at length, the process of -making citizens by simple declaration. In 1866, they compelled -the Delawares who wished to become citizens, to appear in the -United States District Court, and take out naturalization papers -the same as aliens. They first made them foreigners in order to -make them citizens. But that was of doubtful legal validity. -Then, to crown this wonderful achievement, it was decided that -the children of those thus naturalized were still foreigners, and -must choose for themselves whether they would enter the tribal -relation, or seek citizenship by naturalization. A white man who -could unravel this snarl would be a genius; to an Indian, it must -have been transparent as the waters of the Missouri. I give this -instance to illustrate the utter confusion which has characterized -the administration of our<a class="pagenum" name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a> Indian affairs, and the absolute -impossibility for any one to be elevated by such stupidity.</p> - -<p>My second illustration is the Indian Territory itself. A civil -government exists there, subject to Congressional dictation. Yet -Congress never had anything to do with it, and never authorized it. -Its powers have never been defined or controlled by statute. It -was a scheme of the treaty-making power of government alone. It is -an organization devised between tribes, recognized as independent, -and is to take cognizance of matters “relating to the intercourse -and relations of the Indian tribes and nations resident in said -territory and represented, but can pass no act inconsistent with -the Constitution of the United States, the laws of Congress, or -existing treaties; or any act affecting the tribal organizations, -laws, or usages.” Each tribe is independent of this so-called -legislature in all its own affairs. Each tribe has its own laws; -and its own courts, both civil and criminal, are the last resort; -and by treaty, Congress is denied the right to interfere with, or -annul, their present tribal organizations, rights, laws, privileges -and customs. Thus, if an Indian commits murder in his own tribe, he -can be brought to justice only by his own tribe. “The non-treaty -Indians can freely rob, murder, trade with each other, without -incurring responsibility to United States authority.” (Otis, page -115.) If a white man joins an Indian tribe and commits murder, who -tries him, the United States courts or the tribal? Exactly that -issue has arisen. A United States marshal was condemned because he -attempted to take forcible possession of a United States citizen, -who was also a citizen of the Cherokee nation, and who was accused -of the murder of a Cherokee squaw. Other inconsistencies might be -enumerated. Treaties have guaranteed privileges that only Congress -had the right to grant. When the United States court comes in -conflict with the treaty, then confusion and bloodshed follow, and -the absurd clumsiness of official action is hidden beneath the cry -of shocking cruelties by Indians, when they are only defending -rights guaranteed by solemn covenant.</p> - -<p>Two other facts may be barely mentioned. Treaties have been -repeatedly solemnized which both parties knew perfectly well could -not be kept; as in the case of the covenant with the Mississippi -and other bands of Chippewas in 1855, when the treaty included a -thousand little details of moral conduct; or the treaties of 1855 -and 1865 with the Indians of Oregon and Washington Territory, where -all sacredly promised to take a temperance pledge.</p> - -<p>The other fact is that, when Congress has ratified Indian treaties, -the prerogative has been repeatedly asserted of changing the treaty -without consultation with the Indians. In the Cheyenne Treaty -of 1861, the Senate struck out article eleven, one of the most -important articles, and then held the tribe to the treaty as it -chose to amend it.</p> - -<p>IV. Two changes must be wrought in our Government before these -wrongs can be permanently righted.</p> - -<p>1. The people must be aroused. In 1862, Secretary Stanton said to -a committee who went to him demanding justice for the Indians: “If -you come to Washington to tell us that our Indian system is a sink -of iniquity, and a disgrace to the nation, we all know it. This -Government never reforms an evil until the people demand it. When -the hearts of the people are touched, these evils will be reformed, -and the Indians will be saved.” When the people demand justice to -the Indian, and officers know that swift retribution will be meted -to those who longer trifle with his interests, Indian Commissioners -will no longer dare to condone corruption, and Interior Secretaries -will cease to stand in the way of righteousness.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></p> - -<p>2. There must be a reform in our system of civil service. In -British Columbia, for the last hundred years, there has been spent -not one dollar for Indian wars, and not one life has been lost. In -the United States, thousands of lives have been lost, and more than -$500,000,000 expended. What do these facts signify? That in British -Columbia they have had able and honest men in the civil service; -and in this Republic, imbecile and corrupt men. Contrast parts of -the two systems. With us the Indians are under the control of the -Secretary of the Interior, and the Indian Department is but one of -numerous important and complex departments under the supervision -of that officer—each one enough to tax to the full the ability -of a trained statesman. With us, the Indian Department must take -its chances with others, and he who ought to give it his entire -attention is “Jack-of-all-trades and master of none.” In British -Columbia, the Minister of the Interior is the actual superintendent -of Indian affairs, and directly responsible for them as the most -important part of his official duties. With us, in our Indian, as -in our civil, service, which is as vicious as any system can be, -officers are continued only during party supremacy.</p> - -<p>In the Dominion, officers are continued for life or good behavior, -with the obvious benefit, in matters requiring special skill and -experience, produced by a civil service well established, on a -correct system of selection, which with us has only recently been -attempted.</p> - -<p>The trouble with us has been, we have not chosen our best men to do -our most difficult work. We have had two vast problems to solve in -our history—the problem of Reconstruction and this Indian problem. -“In both cases, where France, England, Russia, would have used the -flower of their educated youth, their most honored soldiers, their -wisest lawyers and scientific men, we collected a large horde of -broken-down men of all trades and callings, and men of none, the -riff-raff of caucuses and nominating conventions, in fact, the very -refuse of our busy and prosperous society,” and gave to them to -solve, the most difficult and delicate questions of public policy -which statesmen have ever faced on this continent. The failure was -inevitable in the one case as in the other.</p> - -<p>V. In the light of the experience of the last century, I think we -may safely make the following affirmations.</p> - -<p>All tribal distinctions ought, as soon as possible, to be abolished -by the Government, and the Indian treated the same as any other man.</p> - -<p>The Reservation system should be given up, and Indians be allowed -to go and come whenever and wherever they may choose. Land should -be allotted in severalty. If the Indian has a hard time, the -discipline will probably educate him.</p> - -<p>Education should be compulsory, and for a reasonable time, under -patronage of the Government.</p> - -<p>All the rights and penalties of citizenship should be accorded to -the Indian, as to the Italian, Irishman, and Negro.</p> - -<p>The Indian should understand that this is a final settlement of -his case, and that now he must shift for himself as other citizens -have to do. With justice, and the protection and penalties of law -awarded to him, let the Indian take his chances in the struggle of -life. The germ of civilization is obedience to law. Put him under -state and national law. The fittest will probably survive, Darwin -or no Darwin.</p> - -<p>So much for the Government. Then let Christianity, through its -voluntary agencies, do the rest, as it well knows how to do, and is -so grandly doing through the American Missionary Association. There -are difficulties attending the execution<a class="pagenum" name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a> of these suggestions. -This consideration would require time that I have not at my -disposal. They are not insuperable to a wise statesmanship.</p> - -<p>When Dr. Riggs was visiting and preaching in the Indian Territory, -one day there sat before him an old chief, nearly a hundred years -of age, listening attentively. It was the missionary’s last sermon -before leaving. When the service was over, the old man went up to -Dr. Riggs, and reaching out his scrawny hand to the missionary’s -snow-white beard, grasped it firmly, and turning him to the full -sun-light gazed intently into his face for a long time. “What -do you do that for?” at length said the Doctor. “Because I want -to know you in the resurrection,” the old chief slowly replied. -His people had been scattered, his children killed, his horses -stolen, he had been driven from the home of his childhood to a -strange land. While he waited to die, this noble old apostle, in -whom Christ dwelt, crossed his pathway. The speech and tenderness -were so strange, coming from a white man, that he wanted to be -sure of recognizing him after death. “I want to know you in the -resurrection.” How many white men will the Indians want to meet in -the resurrection? It is time these awful wrongs were righted. It -is time we learned with the wise fool in <cite>A Fool’s Errand</cite>, “The -remedy for darkness is light; for ignorance, knowledge; for wrong, -righteousness.” It is time the people were roused. It is time a -tide of public opinion, demanding justice for the Indian, was -rolled in upon our rulers, too strong to be longer resisted. If the -Government never reforms until the people demand it, let us be sure -that we voice our part of that demand, loud and clear, at once and -unmistakably.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>LETTER FROM GENERAL FISK.</h3> - -<p>[It was anticipated up to a late day by the committee of -arrangements that General Fisk would be present at the meeting and -would make an address upon the Indian Report. In his unexpected and -compelled absence he kindly sent the following letter:]</p> - -<p>It is almost two hundred and fifty years since Captain John Mason, -at the head of ninety men, more than half of the fighting force of -the Connecticut Colony, marched against Sassacus, and almost within -bow-shot of where your Annual Meeting is to be held, fought the -Pequods. It was the first Indian war in New England. Thomas Hooker, -“the light of the Western Churches,” famed as “a son of thunder,” -delivered to Mason the staff of command. The very learned and -godly Stone spent nearly the whole night in importunate prayer for -success to crown the expedition, which on the morrow sailed past -the Thames, hoping by strategy to reach the Pequod fort unobserved. -Under cover of night, the soldiers of Connecticut made the attack -upon the Indians. “We must burn them,” shouted Mason, who himself -cast a firebrand to the windward among the light mats of their -cabins. The helpless natives climbed the palisades as their blazing -encampment assisted the English marksmen in taking good aim. Six -hundred Indians, men, women and children, perished, most of them in -the hideous conflagration. Capt. Miles Standish had twenty years -earlier slaughtered Witawamo and others of the Massachusetts tribe, -the knowledge of which, as it reached the gentle spirited Robinson -in Leyden, caused the pastor to write to Bradford, “concerning the -killing of those poor Indians, of which we heard at first by report -and since by more certain relation. Oh, how happy a thing had it -been if you had converted some before you killed any.”</p> - -<p>“The principle and foundation of the charter of Massachusetts,” -wrote Charles<a class="pagenum" name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a> II. at a time when he had Clarendon for his adviser, -“was the freedom of liberty and conscience, not only for the -Puritan but for the natives, whom the ministers might win to the -Christian faith.” The instructions to Endicott as to the rights -of the Indians on the far-away Atlantic coast, and their duty to -them, were clear and emphatic. “If any of the savages pretend right -of inheritance to all or any part of the lands granted in our -patent, endeavor to purchase their title, that we may avoid the -least scruple of intrusion. Particularly publish that no wrong or -injury be offered to the natives.” The colony seal was a wandering -Indian with arrows in his right hand, with the motto, “Come and -help me.” For more than two hundred and fifty years, from our -Indian tribes, as they have been steadily driven before the surging -tide of civilization from the Atlantic to the Pacific, has there -been the constant cry of the weaker to the stronger forces of the -continent, “come and help me.” Many who will be in attendance upon -your Annual Meeting have seen “Standing Bear” of the Poncas, who -was wantonly and wickedly driven from his home on the banks of the -Missouri by the Government, and heard him tell his simple story -of wrong endured, and heard his appeal, “Come and help me.” With -sublime faith that God intended all men to be free and equal, all -men without restriction, without qualification, without limit, let -us listen to their appeal, and respond with the best help in our -power to contribute.</p> - -<p>Never before in the history of this country has there been such -an awakening in behalf of the Indian. Never before such healthy -sentiment for justice and fair play for the original owners of the -soil over which our fifty millions of prosperous people unfurl the -flag of the free. The Indian question, like the Ghost of Banquo, -is at every banquet. It will not down until “Birnam wood do come -to Dunsinane.” Hundreds of years of broken faith, during which -ambuscades, massacres, fired Indian camps, blazing wigwams and -smouldering embers of burned villages, have strewn the pathway of -our march of empire, until now upon every lip is the interrogatory, -What shall be done with the Indian? All the Indian asks, all his -friends ask for him, is a <em>fair chance</em>.</p> - -<p>It has been well said that in good faith and good feeling we must -take up this work of Indian civilization, and at whatever cost -do our whole duty in the premises. We owe them protection of the -property they own, endowments of money, forbearance, patience, -care, education, <em>citizenship</em>.</p> - -<p>Let not another Indian be removed from his home, except as he -removes himself by his own volition.</p> - -<p>Let every acre of land now occupied under treaty, or by any other -document by which the United States have “ceded and relinquished” -the same, be held sacredly theirs forever, unless the citizen -Indian chooses to sell it.</p> - -<p>Let there be no more the policy of seclusion, but rather that of -absorption.</p> - -<p>Let all covenants between the Government and the Indian be executed -as promptly and faithfully as with any other person.</p> - -<p>Let the Indian citizen have his own home with all the protection of -National and State Governments.</p> - -<p>Let the Indian citizen have the same protection of law, and require -from him the same obedience to law as governs in the case of the -white man and the black man, and then the Indian will work out his -own destiny.</p> - -<p>Let us say with that quaint philosopher, Hosea Bigelow, that</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“This is the one great American idee,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">To make a man <em>a man</em>, and then to let him be.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></p> -<p>Trusting that the American Missionary Association will keep its -standard on the Indian question “full high and advancing,” I remain,</p> - -<p class="center" style="padding-right: 10%;">With very great respect,</p> -<p class="center">Your obedient servant,</p> -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Clinton B. Fisk</span>.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>THE CHINESE.</h2> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h3>“CALIFORNIA CHINESE MISSION.”</h3> - -<p class="center">Auxiliary to the American Missionary Association.</p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">President</span>: Rev. J. K. McLean, D.D. -<span class="smcap">Vice-Presidents</span>: Rev. A. L. Stone, D.D., Thomas C. -Wedderspoon, Esq., Rev. T. K. Noble, Hon. F. F. Low, Rev. J. E. -Dwinell, D.D., Hon. Samuel Cross, Rev. S. H. Willey, D.D., Edward -P. Flint, Esq., Rev. J. W. Hough, D.D., Jacob S. Tabor, Esq.</p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">Directors</span>: Rev. George Mooar, D.D., Hon. E. D. Sawyer, -Rev. E. P. Baker, James M. Haven, Esq., Rev. Joseph Rowell, Rev. -John Kimball.</p> - -<p class="medium"><span class="smcap">Secretary</span>: Rev. W. C. Pond. <span class="smcap">Treasurer</span>: E. -Palache, Esq.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE.</h3> - -<p>Your Committee, to whom was referred that part of the Report of the -Executive Committee which concerns the Chinese, beg leave to report -as follows:</p> - -<p>1. That in estimating the success of their work, the difficulties -under which it has been prosecuted must be borne in mind; the fact -that it has been carried on in the face of an intense hostility -to the presence of Chinese upon our shores, extending not only to -the lower classes, but also, in not a few localities, including -influential clergymen and laymen, and became so far a dominant -sentiment, that both the great political parties have yielded to it -by inserting anti-Chinese planks in their platforms.</p> - -<p>2. That this work ought to be not only generously supported and -vigorously maintained, but, so far as practicable, extended, -especially by the establishment of schools and mission work among -the Chinese in the mines.</p> - -<p>3. That while your Committee recognize the difficulties in the way -of establishing a mission in China, they also see that there would -be great advantage, both direct and indirect, in thus connecting -a foreign with the home work, and they recommend the Board to -give serious consideration to the proposition, and to carry it -into execution, if, on a more thorough inquiry, it shall be found -practicable to do so without interfering with the other work of the -society, or with the work of other Evangelical missions in China.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Lyman Abbott</span>, <i>Chairman</i>.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>THE TWO METHODS.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D., NEW YORK.</p> - -<p>* * * Let us recognize, then, that there is a possibility of -danger to us, religious danger from the influx of a godless and -atheistic people, political danger from the influx of a vast amount -of cheap labor, danger from a deluge coming from an ocean almost -unfathomable and immeasurable. How shall we meet that danger? -Looking down the vista of the years, how shall we prepare ourselves -for it and protect ourselves from it?</p> - -<p>There are two methods; and I wish simply to set these two methods -before you as clearly and as distinctly as I can.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></p> - -<p>The one method is that of self-protection by force; the method of -building a Chinese wall and saying, “You shall not come upon our -shores;” the method of the brick-bat; the method of the mob; the -method which has been succinctly put in Dennis Kearney’s platform, -“The Chinese must go,” and more genteelly and courteously put in -the Democratic and Republican platforms, which mean the same thing; -the method which declares, “We will not allow this people upon our -shores to live among us, to work with us, to share our benefits;” -the method of a prohibitory legislation.</p> - -<p>In respect to that method, <em>first, we have no right to adopt it</em>. -“The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof.” Go through -the first five books of the Bible and find how it is iterated and -reiterated again and again, that the soil of this earth belongs to -God. No people have a right to set themselves down upon a territory -and say to their brother people, “You shall not come.” We have a -right to say that if they come they shall come subordinate to the -laws and the institutions that have been established here; that -they shall behave themselves; that they shall obey the system of -laws which we have found good for ourselves and for our children; -but we have no right to build a wall of adamant around the land and -say, “Keep out.” By what right do the children of the immigrants of -1620 say to the immigrants of 1880, “You shall not set foot upon -this soil”? By what right do the sons of the Pilgrim Fathers say -to the pilgrims of this generation, “You shall keep off”? When did -that right come to us? Could we have said it in 1700, in 1750, in -1800? At what epoch in our national history accrued to us the right -of drawing the line, building the wall, closing the gates, and -saying, “Thou shalt come no more?”</p> - -<p>I shall not enter in detail into the argument on this subject. I -know what is the reply: “If I have a farm of a hundred acres, may I -not keep tramps off?” No nation has found itself without difficulty -and threatened danger, that has attempted to keep the laborer off -of land which was not being worked. To-day Ireland is wrestling -with the labor problem, and England is wrestling with the labor -problem, because there are vast tracts of unoccupied, untilled, -uncultivated land from which the laborer is excluded. So long as -our mines lie undug; so long as our prairies lie uncultivated; so -long as our streams run their course and no music of the mills -sings along their lines, so long industry has a right to its home -under our flag and within our borders.</p> - -<p>And <em>we have not the power</em> if we had the right. Congress does not -make laws; Congress only declares and interprets them. There is but -one law-giver—God Almighty; and all that judges and governors and -law-makers and Congresses and Parliaments can do, is to ascertain -what are God’s laws and interpret them. And God’s law is the law -of liberty, and all His laws are to conserve liberty. Never in -the history of the world has a nation succeeded in stopping one -of these great migratory movements. Out of four hundred million -people, in one year almost as many corpses lie upon the ground in -China as were strewed on all our battle-fields, and over every -one a grave-stone might be erected with the inscription, “Died -of hunger!” Why, you might better expect to stop the charge of a -herd of buffaloes rushing madly along with the prairie on fire -behind them, by means of a Virginia rail fence, than to stop the -immigration of a great nation, driven from its home by pursuing -famine, with an act of Congress. You could easier dam up the waters -of the Gulf Stream with bulrushes.</p> - -<p>In the year 250 the Goths and Vandals won their first victory over -Roman arms on the Roman boundary. The Roman empire adopted Dennis -Kearney’s platform;<a class="pagenum" name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a> it said, “We will not have the Goths and -Vandals on our territory.” The Roman empire was clad in mail from -its head to its foot; it was an army of soldiers; it put forth -the greatest military power the world has seen to stop the great -migration. For a hundred and fifty years the conflict went on, -but year by year the valiant warrior was beaten back, and it was -ended at last with the sack of Rome. But 250 years before these -immigrants made their first appearance on the border line, a little -decrepit Jew made his appearance in Rome as a prisoner. He lived -there two years, bound, chained to the soldier that guarded him, -and he brought there the story that God had shown himself in Jesus -Christ, His Son, who had lived, suffered, died, risen, and ever -lived for them. In those 250 years, Christianity under various -persecutions, had grown little by little, until, when the Goths and -Vandals made their appearance, it comprised one-twentieth of the -population of Rome—fifty thousand out of a million. It sent Bishop -Ulfilas with his Gothic Bible, to the north; it sent Augustine -into England; it sent St. Patrick—Protestant before the time of -Protestantism—to preach a pure gospel in Ireland. One and another -and another went forth, bearing the cross; and when at last the -Goths and Vandals had conquered the armed Romans, so thoroughly -had that Christian church done its work, that, says Lecky, the -Christian church conquered the barbarian world almost in the same -hour in which the barbarian world conquered Rome.</p> - -<p>We are told that we cannot convert the Chinese. Why, Christianity, -while it was yet in its cradle, without churches, without schools, -without a printing press, without literature, Christianity -infantile vanquished the serpents that had strangled the military -Hercules. If we cannot, with the Christianity that we possess -to-day, vanquish the semi-civilized paganism of China, we had -better get a new Christianity, for we sorely need it.</p> - -<p>Let us look, then, at the other method of protecting our nation -from the incursion of the Chinese. The one is the barbaric method, -the method of military Rome; the other is the Christian method, -the method of the successors and followers of the Apostles and of -the Lord Jesus Christ. What is this method? What does it involve? -It involves welcoming the Chinese to our shores; throwing open -the gates; recognizing the truth that the earth is the Lord’s, -and that all peoples are entitled to make their home here if they -will; welcoming them to all the protection—I do not say to all -the powers—of citizenship; holding over them the shield of the -Declaration of Independence, and declaring for them the right to -“life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” It involves bringing -them into our schools and into our churches; teaching them that -which we teach ourselves and our children; teaching them those -things upon which our own intelligence and prosperity and our own -national life are based. Above all, it involves teaching them those -great principles of Christianity which are the very conservation of -national force and the saviours of the nation. It involves teaching -them that there is one God; that we are all one family, brethren in -the Lord Jesus Christ, doubly brethren—born of God and redeemed by -Christ; it involves teaching them immortality, and all the glorious -hopes and liberations that come from the faith of immortality; it -involves all the assimilating and unifying force and power that -come from teaching the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of the -human race.</p> - -<p>And, observe, you cannot carry on these two methods simultaneously. -You cannot say, “We will exclude the Chinese, but if they do come -here we will convert them.” You cannot ask the Chinaman to kneel -down with you and say,<a class="pagenum" name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a> “Our Father which art in Heaven,” and then, -when he has finished, take him by the throat and toss him into the -Pacific. You cannot say to a Chinaman, “You are my brother, get out -of here!” You cannot be both Christian and Pagan; you must take -your choice.</p> - -<p>It is said that the Chinese cannot be converted, that they are -impervious to Christian influences, and that they repudiate and -reject all such. What have been the Christian influences that have -been showered upon them? They have been impervious to the guns of -England when they flamed out, “You shall take opium!” they have -been impervious to the influence of Dennis Kearney’s brick-bats -when they have been flung at them in the street. I do not wonder -that they were impervious to that kind of Christianity. Cannot be -converted? Men call this an age of scepticism; but the unbelief -that doubts the first chapter of Genesis, that thinks the story -of the Fall is a parable, that is uncertain whether the whale did -really swallow Jonah or not, that doubts whether those three men -went into the fiery furnace unconsumed, is as nothing compared with -the unbelief that lurks sometimes in our pulpits and oftener in -our pews, that doubts the declaration that the Gospel of the Lord -Jesus Christ is the power of God unto salvation to every man that -believeth—not to every Anglo-Saxon man, not to every white man, -not to every cultured man, but to every black man, and red-skinned -man, and copper-colored man, and Indian man, and Chinaman,—to -<em>humanity</em>. It is as nothing compared with the infidelity that puts -under its foot the obligation: “I am debtor to the Jew, and to the -Greek, to the bond and to the free, to the white, to the black, to -the Indian, to <em>every</em> man, because for every man my Christ died.”</p> - -<p>We cannot convert the Chinese? Really it does not lie in us to say -they are beyond hope. Let me read you the features of a portrait:</p> - -<p>“Huge, white bodies, cool-blooded, with fierce blue eyes and -reddish flaxen hair; ravenous stomachs, filled with meat and -cheese, heated by strong drinks; of a cold temperament, slow -to love, home stayers, prone to drunkenness! * * pirates at -first; * * sea-faring, war, and pillage, their only idea of a -freeman’s work; * * of all barbarians the strongest of body -and heart, the most formidable, the most cruelly ferocious; * -* torture and carnage, greed of danger, fury of destruction, -obstinate and frenzied bravery of an over-strong temperament, the -unchaining of the butcherly instincts; * * with a great and coarse -appetite.”—[Compiled from Taine’s English Literature, vol. I pp. -30–33.] Do you recognize it? It is the portrait of your ancestors -and mine; and if Christianity can make out of that picture such an -audience as I see before me to-night, what may it not make out of -China?</p> - -<p>To-night again we see in the heavens, brighter and clearer by -far than ever Constantine saw in his fabled vision, that flaming -cross, and under it the motto, “By this sign I will conquer.” That -motto, enforced by the history of eighteen centuries of triumph, -I set before you; the Roman spear on the one hand and the flaming -cross on the other: choose you by which sign you will vanquish the -Chinese.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h3>OUR GROUNDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT.</h3> - -<p class="secauth">REV. SAMUEL SCOVILLE, STAMFORD, CONN.</p> - -<p>[Mr. Scoville compared the work of the Association to the -river which went out of Eden and became into four heads, the -Pishon, flowing to the land of gold and the Havilah of the East, -representing its Chinese work. After forcibly depicting<a class="pagenum" name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a> the -importance of the work as involving the regeneration of China, the -good name of the Christian Church, the honor of Christ, and the -perpetuity of our political institutions, the address closed with a -statement of the grounds for encouragement that this work can and -shall be done. It is this latter part only for which we have room, -as follows]:—</p> - -<p>I turn now to the grounds we have for encouragement that this work -can and shall be done.</p> - -<p>1. The first is found in God’s word. We ask ourselves, Is it His -purpose that this work shall be done, that those heathen on our -Western coast and in China shall be converted, or must they be -given over to destruction? And we read the promise of God to His -dear Son: “I will give Thee the heathen for Thine inheritance,” and -that means the people of California, a large part of them, “and the -uttermost parts of the earth for Thy possession,” and that means -China.</p> - -<p>Is there anything special about the Chinese nature that puts them -outside the recuperating, renewing forces that exist in Jesus -Christ? And I read: “The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us,” -and again, “that He by the grace of God should taste death for -every man.” And I know that in that humanity and in that provision -the Chinese are included. I hear Him say, “Come unto me all ye that -labor and are heavy laden,” and I know that the wretched millions -of China are meant.</p> - -<p>But may it not be true that the Chinese are so lost to spirituality -that this whole power of renewing forces will be lost upon them? I -read: “And I, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto me.” And I -know there is a sweet attractiveness in the Saviour of men dying -for them, that is able to break up the dull apathy of Chinamen as -well as others.</p> - -<p>But is there power enough to wake up the Christian churches as -well as the Chinese from their apathy? And I read that prayer for -us, “that ye may know what is the exceeding greatness of His power -toward us who believe according to the working of His mighty power -which He wrought in Christ when he raised Him from the dead, and -set Him at His own right hand in the Heavenly places,” and I know -that individuals and churches, even the whole Christian land, can -be breathed upon and quickened by that resurrection life. And then -the Divine Commission breaks in upon all our delay, saying, “Go ye -into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature,” and I -know that that means us, and that the time is now. I am confident -that we have God’s word for it that this work can be done, and that -we are to set about it without delay; and having this foundation I -care for little else. But we have more if we require it.</p> - -<p>2. We have God’s providence. His providence that has pushed the -column of progress forward from the moment the Life came forth from -the tomb in the garden, and began to be preached to the nations, -until now its head occupies the slopes of the mountains that -overhang that distant continent, and looks upon it inevitably as -its next field of conquest. That providence that has pushed this -advance forward upon two parallel lines, that of spiritual and of -political liberty, and has made them converge and come together for -the first time in history upon this broad domain; that has brought -along in the slow conflict and march, institutions and rights, the -spoil of nineteen centuries of conflict, and planted them upon this -continent, and opened the door of invitation to the East through -a sea-coast line of twelve thousand miles, and another to the -far West of four thousand. These providences of God, making our -duty clear, are endorsed by those others that have broken up the -seclusive habits of that people, and have turned the<a class="pagenum" name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a> thoughts of -her educated men, and the hopes of her commerce, and the needs of -her industrious poor, toward our shores.</p> - -<p>This writing of God’s providence seen in the majestic progress -of events from the East and West meeting here, seen in the -configuration of the continent, seen in the harsh language of war -breaking open closed doors, and in the voice of peace, endorses -that other word which God has given us, and proves that our -interpretation was correct, and that we have an especial duty to -this people, both at home and abroad.</p> - -<p>3. Another ground for encouragement is the character of the Chinese -that are now in California. They have the mind and disposition of -the mother country; nothing less, not much more. And what kind -is that? We answer, it is that which created and still keeps the -most ancient literature in existence. It is that which worked out -for itself most of the inventions that made the fifteenth century -remarkable in Europe, but more than a thousand years before. It is -a mind and spirit that has obeyed, and does now obey, the fifth -commandment more thoroughly than any nation upon the earth; that -educates formally but more widely than any other people. It has -had the tenacity and recuperative power to hold on to its ancient -seats while Babylon was rising and falling; while Greece was coming -to the zenith and sinking behind the Western horizon; while Rome -was growing and dying; while mediæval Europe was going through -its changes, and modern nations were being born and attaining -their growth. All this time it has held on. What think you of -the natural capacity of a soil that has produced such results, -that has such staying power? It has lain long fallow, but let the -process of breaking up their exclusiveness go forward; let the -Gospel, not as a destructive force, illustrated by brick-bats and -cannon-balls, but as a quickening power made beautiful to their -eyes by the kindness and sympathy of those who profess its truths, -be brought to bear upon them like the sun-light; and what harvests -of righteousness shall not that great field bear for enriching the -Redeemer’s kingdom!</p> - -<p>The soil here or at home has not lost its native force nor its -receptive power. Yung Wing, picked up by a missionary in the -streets of Canton, converted by the faithfulness of one of the -mothers of New England, sent to Yale College, where he stood -among the first in his class, especially in English composition, -returning to his own land to reach one of the highest places in -the government, and now leading one of the greatest educational -enterprises in the world, and Jee Gam as a disciple and a preacher, -are but illustrations of what this soil, found among the common -ranks of the Chinese, is capable of producing.</p> - -<p>The twelve thousand dollars saved by the Chinese of California out -of their hard-earned wages, and sent to the sufferers from the -yellow fever in the South, proves that the common sentiments of our -humanity are still surpassingly strong in them. The numbers and -faithfulness of those who have joined the churches prove that they -are susceptible to the influences of the Gospel, while the very -tenacity with which they cling to their old faith but proves the -toughness of the fibre that may some day be employed to conserve -the interests of the Redeemer’s Kingdom.</p> - -<p>4. Again, we may gather courage from the experience we have already -had in conquering difficulties. If this was the first difficult -matter the American Christian people had ever faced, we might -expect them to be puzzled by its intricacy or appalled by its -magnitude; but it is not, for from the moment our fathers planted -their feet upon these shores, we as a people have had to face -obstacles and to<a class="pagenum" name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a> overcome them. A color-line, black as night, lay -in the way of citizenship, education, and Christian labor, but we -have crossed it, and we can cross the yellow line as well.</p> - -<p>5. Again we may take courage from the very strait and necessity to -which we are brought. When God brings His people down to the sea, -and all ways are shut up, and still His voice and command are to -go forward, we know that the waters of the sea will be divided, -and we shall go over dry-shod and singing songs of victory beyond. -We cannot shut out the one hundred thousand Chinamen now here, -nor prevent others coming. We cannot go back to the old Chinese -policy of exclusiveness, neither can we permit them to remain as -a foreign element, unsubdued by our institutions or our religion. -Only one thing remains, and that is to subdue them by the power of -the living Saviour brought to them by patient, loving, faithful -Christian hearts and bands. Brethren all, <em>shall this be done</em>?</p> - -<p>6. And last of all, I mention the moving forward of Christian -thought and Christian feeling in this direction.</p> - -<p>When the plan was devised to exclude the Chinese, and the President -vetoed the bill, the Christian public upon the Atlantic coast waked -up to the importance of the matter. They opposed his action, they -began to look at this immigration in its true light, to see in it -a grand opportunity, and to lay their plans to avail themselves of -its advantages for the cause of Christ. The greatness of the work -is touching the imagination; its difficulty is awaking a spirit -of heroism, and it is believed by many that we stand upon the -threshold of one of the grandest missionary movements, one of the -grandest crusades that the world has ever seen. Asia, that once -responded to the call from the West, “Come over and help us,” is -now herself uttering the cry, and the Christian world will not long -be insensible to her voice.</p> - -<p>In view of the importance of this work in California among the -Chinese, involving the interests of that great nation beyond the -Pacific, involving the good name of Church and Redeemer, involving -as we believe the perpetuity of our institutions: in view of the -encouragements afforded in God’s word, endorsed by His providences, -by the excellent elements found in the Chinese character, and -by the trophies already gathered; in view of the very necessity -that is laid upon us, and the quickened attention of the churches -toward that people, what is your answer, Christian brethren, -to the practical questions: “Can the Chinese of California be -conquered for Christ? Can the waters of that wide-spreading river -flow to them here, and beyond to the continent of Asia, and shall -they do it? Can the work be done? Will you do it?” These are the -questions for this time, made solemn as the closing hour of your -deliberations, councilings, and prayers.</p> - -<p>I look along the ages, and all is changed. We no longer sit here in -the darkness, the dust, and the noise of the conflict, but stand -upon the Heavenly heights above. The world, in alternate shade and -sunshine, rolls at our feet, and its song, the song of salvation, -pulses up to our listening ears. Both the question that is here -asked, “Will you do it?” and the answer, which I see in your looks -you are giving, “By God’s grace we will!” are mingled with the -sounds of the far past, and in their place rises the word, half -song, half benediction, “Glory to God! we have done it.” To those -high seats we are moving; for that good word we are working and -waiting.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></p> - -<hr class="full" /> -</div> - -<h2>RECEIPTS</h2> - -<p class="center large">FOR SEPTEMBER, 1880.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MAINE, $152.54.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Augusta. John Dorr, $15; Deacon Joel -Spaulding, $5</td> -<td class="ramt">$20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bangor. Hammond St. Cong. Ch. </td> -<td class="ramt">100.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hampden. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.86</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hallowell. M. E. W.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Bridgton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norway. Second Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">18.18</td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW HAMPSHIRE, $894.39.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Acworth. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">14.85</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Atkinson. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bristol. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">3.22</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brookline. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Concord. “A Friend,”</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Derry. First Cong. Sab. Sch., $20, <i>for Student -Aid, Talladega C.</i>;—First Cong. Ch. -and Soc., $15</td> -<td class="ramt">35.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Durham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">8.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Fitzwilliam. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">28.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gilmanton Iron Works. Cent. Charitable -Soc. of Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Goffstown. Mrs. Mary A. Stinson</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Haverhill. Eliza Cross</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hillsborough Centre. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">3.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Keene. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">79.86</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Mason. Ladies, <i>for Wilmington, N. C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">7.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Meredith Village. Cong. Ch. to const. <span class="smcap">Mrs. -Irene Smith</span>, L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Merrimack. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">17.65</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Milford. <span class="smcap">Estate</span> of Mrs. Rhoda B. Hutchinson, -by Rev. E. H. Greeley</td> -<td class="ramt">400.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Mount Vernon. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.24</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Nelson. Dea. A. E. W.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New Boston. Levi Hooper</td> -<td class="ramt">100.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Pelham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">32.37</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Pittsfield. “A Friend,”</td> -<td class="ramt">3.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Reed’s Ferry. Miss H. McM.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Rindge. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Swanzey. Miss M. W.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Thornton’s Ferry. Mrs. E. R. and Mrs. H. -N. E., 50c. ea.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Warner. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">23.12</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Westmoreland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.33</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wilton. Second Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">52.00</td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">VERMONT, $1,844.55.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Burlington. Sarah Parker</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chester. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">15.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cornwall. Mrs. C. Ellsworth</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bridport. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">18.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Coventry. Moses C. Pearson</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Danville. Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Dummerston. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.06</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East St. Johnsbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc., -$22.50; Mrs. S. L., 25c.</td> -<td class="ramt">22.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Enosburgh. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">17.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Grafton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Jamaica. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Montgomery Centre. Heman Hopkins</td> -<td class="ramt">3.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Morrisville. Mrs. Hannah E. Bailey</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Craftsbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">23.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Pittsfield. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ripton. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.42</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Royalton. A. W. Kenney</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Johnsbury. “Friends of Missions”</td> -<td class="ramt">1,000.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Johnsbury. North Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">230.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Johnsbury Centr. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">2.25</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sheldon. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.07</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Springfield. “A Friend,” $200; Mrs. F. -Parks, $100; Cong;. Ch. and Soc., $28</td> -<td class="ramt">328.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">West Dover. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Westminster. “A Thank Offering”</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">West Salisbury. Mrs. Esther Spencer</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">West Wardsborough. Mrs. T. W.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Woodstock. Hon. Frederick Billings</td> -<td class="ramt">100.00</td> -</tr> - -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MASSACHUSETTS, $3,469.30.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amherst. Mrs. R. A. Lester</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amesbury. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ayer. Mrs. C. A. Spaulding</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Barre. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $24.07, and Sab. -Sch., $29.54; Evan. Cong. Sab. Sch., $21.26</td> -<td class="ramt">74.87</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bernardston. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Boston. Miss E. P.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Boston Highlands. Highlands Cong. Ch. and -Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">76.24</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brimfield. Ladies’ Charitable Soc. Bbl. of C. -and $2 <i>for freight, for Savannah, Ga.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brocton. Porter Evan. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">21.70</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brookfield. Evan. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">60.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brookline. Harvard Cong. Ch., $84.84; Wm. -H. White, $10</td> -<td class="ramt">94.84</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cambridge. Geo. F. Wade</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cambridgeport. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., Mon. -Con. Coll.</td> -<td class="ramt">8.06</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Charlton. Cong. Ch. and Soc., $14; Clarissa -Case, $5</td> -<td class="ramt">19.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chelsea. Anna F. Page, $5; Mrs. A. E. P., 50c.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Dorchester. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">1,112.94</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Douglass. Rev. W. W. Dow</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Hawley. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.25</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Wareham. M. F. & J. H. Martin</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Enfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">45.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Georgetown. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Grantville. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">69.29</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Great Barrington. A. C. T.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Greenfield. Jeanette Thompson</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Holland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">9.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Holliston. H. B.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lancaster. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">46.32</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lexington. Hancock Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">2.59</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Malden. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">38.02</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Marlborough. Union Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">56.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Medford. Mrs. E. L. Cummings, Bbl. of C. -and $2, <i>for freight, for Talladega, Ala.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Melrose. Orth. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">40.31</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Middleborough. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">8.41</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Milford. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">38.40</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Monson. E. F. Morris</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Newbury. First Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Andover. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">60.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Brookfield. First Cong. Ch. and Soc. -ad’l to const. <span class="smcap">Rev. S. P. Wilder</span> and <span class="smcap">Mrs. -Jennie Watson Wilder</span>, L. M’s</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Chelmsford. Second Cong. Ch. and -Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">29.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Hadley. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.56</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Reading. Cong. Ch. and Soc., Mon. -Con. Coll.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norton. Trin. Ch., by “E. B. W.,” $100; -Cong. Ch. and Soc., $5.50</td> -<td class="ramt">105.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Orange. Mrs. E. W. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Petersham. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">3.20</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Reading. Bethesda Cong. Ch. and Soc., -$151.42 ($100 of which <i>for Student Aid, -Atlanta, Ga.</i>,) Bethesda Cong. Sab. Sch., -$25</td> -<td class="ramt">176.42</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Rockland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">75.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Rockport. Cong. Ch. and Sab. Sch., <i>for Student -Aid, Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">40.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Salem. Tabernacle Sab. Sch., $20, and Infant -Class, $14, <i>for Student Aid, Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">34.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sandwich. Mrs. Joseph French</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sherborn. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">3.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Hadley Falls. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Weymouth. Second Cong. Sab. Sch., -Miss Grover’s Class, <i>for Student Aid, Atlanta -U.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">7.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Springfield. Mrs. A. C. Hunt</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sudbury. Ladies Miss. Soc., B. of C. and -$2.50 <i>for freight, Atlanta, Ga.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">2.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Taunton. Winslow Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">29.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Templeton. Trin. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">8.22<a class="pagenum" name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a> -</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Topsfield. Charles Herrick</td> -<td class="ramt">20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Upton. Miss M. E. C.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Walpole. Mrs. C. F. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Waltham. R. C.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wayland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Worcester. David Whitcomb, $600, G. Henry -Whitcomb, $100</td> -<td class="ramt">700.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Worcester. Salem St. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.41</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">RHODE ISLAND, $45.56.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Providence. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">20.56</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Providence. Dea. W. S. King, $20, G. H. -Dart, $5, <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">CONNECTICUT, $2,414.86.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Berlin. Second Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">20.95</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cheshire. “A Friend,” $20; Cong. Ch., -$18.94</td> -<td class="ramt">38.94</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chester. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">50.57</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Eastford. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Hartford. First Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Windsor. First Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">9.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ellington. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">51.55</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Farmington. Cong. Ch. Quar. Coll. ($50, of -which from H. D. Hawley, and $3 <i>for -Woman’s Work for Woman</i>)</td> -<td class="ramt">112.04</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Franklin. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">14.18</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Griswold. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">40.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gurleyville. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.74</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hanover. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">17.98</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hartford. Newton Case, $100, <i>for Talladega, -C.</i>;—Dr. John R. Lee, $45</td> -<td class="ramt">145.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lisbon. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">2.81</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Mansfield Centre. Mrs. S. M. Dewey, $25; -Mrs. B. Swift, $10; Mon. Conn. Coll., $4; -<i>for Talladega C.</i>;—H. D. R., $1</td> -<td class="ramt">40.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Meriden Centre. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">18.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Monroe. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New Haven. E. Pendleton</td> -<td class="ramt">15.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New London. First Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">83.94</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">North Woodstock. Rev. F. V. Tenney</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norwich. <span class="smcap">Estate</span> of Samuel C. Morgan, by -Lewis A. Hyde, Ex.</td> -<td class="ramt">73.71</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norwich. Park Cong. Ch. and Soc., Weekly -Offering (bal.)</td> -<td class="ramt">186.99</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plainfield. Cong. Ch. and Soc. to const. -<span class="smcap">Margaret E. Kinnie</span>, L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">33.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Preston City. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">31.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Salisbury. Mrs. M. M. B.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saybrook. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.11</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Scotland. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Glastonbury. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.26</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Southport. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Thomaston. Cong. Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">19.92</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Vernon. Mrs. E. P. Hammond</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wallingford. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">45.35</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Watertown. <span class="smcap">Estate</span> of Jeremiah Barnes, by -A. M. Hungerford, M. D., Ex.</td> -<td class="ramt">100.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wauregan. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">13.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">West Hartford. Charles Boswell</td> -<td class="ramt">250.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">West Winsted. Second Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">18.07</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Winsted. “Friends”</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">—— “A Friend,” <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">500.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">—— “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">200.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">—— “A Connecticut Friend,” <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">—— “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW YORK, $709.61.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amsterdam. S. Louise Bell</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Brooklyn. Miss M. E. Horton, $5, Rev. S. -B. Halliday, bundle of books and newspapers</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cortland. Mrs. E. B. Dean</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ellington. Mrs. H. B. Rice</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gerry. Mrs. M. A. Sears</td> -<td class="ramt">128.36</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gloversville. Mrs. L. H.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Granby Centre. J. C. Harrington</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hamilton. Mrs. S. K. Bardin</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Harlem. “J. D.”</td> -<td class="ramt">300.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Morrisville. Dea. A. B. DeForest, <i>for Talladega -C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">26.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New York. C. T. Christensen, $25, Robbins -Battell, $20, <i>for repairs Talladega C.</i>;—“A. -P. D.” $10</td> -<td class="ramt">55.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Orient. Miss H. M. W.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Owego. Rev. E. B. Turner, two packages of -religious newspapers</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Seneca Falls. Cong. Ch. “A Friend,”</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sherburne. Homer C. Newton, $11, Mrs. -Fanny Rexford, $10, <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">21.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Edmeston. “Three Friends,” <i>for -Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">3.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Syracuse. M. W. Hanchett, $25; Rev. J. C. -Holbrook, D. D., $10</td> -<td class="ramt">35.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Union Valley. Wm. C. Angel</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Westmoreland. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.25</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">——. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">——. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEW JERSEY, $35.60.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chester. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">19.60</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">East Orange. G. A. T.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Elizabeth. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Newark. Mrs. Abby White</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Paterson. P. Van Houten</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">PENNSYLVANIA, $176.89.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hulton. Coll. U. P. Ch., $20, W. W. Grier, -$10.77, <i>for Student Aid</i></td> -<td class="ramt">30.77</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Philadelphia. Central Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">143.72</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sewickly. “E. H. T.”, <i>for Woman’s Work -for Woman</i></td> -<td class="ramt">0.40</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Worth. John Burgess</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">OHIO, $458.24.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Andover. O. B. Case</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Beloit. J. S. and M. H. 50c. ea.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Berea. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.36</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cincinnati. G. W. F.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cleveland. Euclid Ave. Cong. Ch., $15.58, -First Cong. Ch., $14</td> -<td class="ramt">29.58</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Fredericktown. A. H. Royce</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Garretsville. <span class="smcap">Harvey Pike</span>, to const. himself -L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gomer. Welsh Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">50.31</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Jersey. Mrs. Lucinda Sinnett</td> -<td class="ramt">12.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lafayette. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.34</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lenox. A. J. Holman</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Mecca. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Medina. First Cong. Ch., to const. <span class="smcap">C. J. -Ryder</span>, L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">37.45</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Newark. Welsh Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.81</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New Richland. Elizabeth Johnston</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norwalk. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Oberlin. Ladies of Second Cong. Ch., by -Mrs. Dr. Allen, <i>for Lady Missionary, Atlanta, -Ga.</i>, $75;—Second Cong. Ch., $20.48</td> -<td class="ramt">95.48</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plainsville. C. O. H.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plain. Cong. Ch., $10, Woman’s Miss. Soc. -of Cong. Ch., $14.50</td> -<td class="ramt">24.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Clairsville. Wm. Lee, Sr.</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saybrook. Cong. Ch. (in part), $20, by Rev. -A. D. Barber;—District No. 3, $10, <i>for -Student Aid</i>; “A Friend,” $1.25, <i>for new -building, Tougaloo Inst.</i>, by Miss E. A. Johnson</td> -<td class="ramt">31.25</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sheffield. By Wm. A. Day</td> -<td class="ramt">8.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Steuben. Mrs. M. M. A.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Twinsburgh. L. W. and R. F. Green</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wellington. Cong. Ch. and Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">York. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.66</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Youngstown. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">INDIANA, $25.38.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bloomfield. “Friends” <i>for McLeansville, -N. C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">0.30</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cincinnati. “Friends” <i>for McLeansville, -N. C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">0.30</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Solsberry. “Friends” <i>for McLeansville, -N. C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">8.72</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Bend. R. Burroughs</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Stanford. “Friends” <i>for McLeansville, N. C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">6.06</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">ILLINOIS, $730.51.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amboy. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">23.40</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Avon. Mrs. Celinda Wood and “Friend,” -$2.50 ea.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bunker Hill. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">27.80<a class="pagenum" name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a> -</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chicago. Dr. Wm. Converse, $10; Lincoln -Park Ch. (ad’l) $6; Mrs. Willard Cook, $5; -Mrs. M. C. S., $1</td> -<td class="ramt">22.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Collinsville. Mrs. J. S. Peers, $10; J. A. -Wadsworth and wife, $10</td> -<td class="ramt">20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Concord. J. J. T.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Danville. Cong. Ch. (ad’l)</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Deer Park. A. W. Day</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Elgin. Cong. Ch., $61.17; W. G. Hubbard, -$40</td> -<td class="ramt">101.17</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Farmington. Phineas Chapman</td> -<td class="ramt">60.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Geneseo. Henry Nourse, $50, <i>for Talladega -C.</i>; Mrs. Lucy B. Perry, $5</td> -<td class="ramt">55.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Gridley. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Jacksonville. Thomas W. and Malvina C. -Melendy</td> -<td class="ramt">15.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Joliet. <span class="smcap">William C. Stevens</span>, bal. to const. -himself L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Kewanee. Woman’s Miss. Soc., by Mrs. C. C. -Cully, <i>for Lady Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">26.73</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lake Forest. Mrs. S. A. Nichols</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Lyndon. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Oak Park. Cong. Ch. (in part)</td> -<td class="ramt">35.85</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Peoria. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">118.58</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plainfield. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">16.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plymouth. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.30</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Princeton. Mrs. A. R. Clapp</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Prospect Park. Mrs. Emma Lloyd</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ridgefield. Rev. J. O.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Rockton. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.20</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Charles. Ladies’ Miss. Soc.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Shabbona. Cong. Ch., to const. <span class="smcap">Mrs. Elizabeth -Greenfield</span>, L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">34.45</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sheffield. First Cong. Ch. ($20 of which <i>for -Lady Missionary, Liberty Co., Ga.</i>)</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Springfield. First Cong. Ch., to const. <span class="smcap">Walter -Sanders</span>, L. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Stillman Valley. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">9.78</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Toulon. Miss E. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MICHIGAN, $1,359.95.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Alpena. “S. D. H.” (of which $100, <i>for ed. of -Indian girls and boys, and</i> $100 <i>for Woman’s -Work for Woman</i>)</td> -<td class="ramt">500.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Benzonia. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">27.69</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chelsea. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">21.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Detroit. First Cong. Ch., $249.12; Rev. F. -T. Bayley, $20</td> -<td class="ramt">269.12</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Galesburgh. P. H. Whitford</td> -<td class="ramt">75.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hopkins. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">8.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Kalamazoo. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">11.30</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Laingsburg. Rev. Fayette Hurd</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Milford. Mrs. E. G.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Olivet. Samuel F. Drury, <i>for Straight U.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Pent Water. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">South Haven. Cong. Ch., $8.75; C. Pierce, $5</td> -<td class="ramt">13.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Summit. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.59</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Union City. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">400.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Vassar. Mrs. O. W. Selden</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Warren. Rev. J. L. Beebe</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">WISCONSIN, $128.91.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Alderley. Mrs. E. Hubbard</td> -<td class="ramt">8.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Beloit. Second Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">20.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Boscobel. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Bristol and Paris. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Fort Howard. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">24.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Geneva Lake. Presb. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">30.91</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Ripon. Mrs. A. E. U.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Shopierre. John H. Cooper</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Union Grove. Rev. James A. Chamberlain</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">IOWA, $336.93.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amity. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Atlantic. Mrs. Milo Whiting, $10, Cong. Sab. -Sch., $6</td> -<td class="ramt">16.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Burlington. Mrs. J. B. N. and Mrs. J. W. G., -50c. ea.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Chester. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">21.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Clinton. W. R.</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Columbus City. Mrs. Sarah E. Evans</td> -<td class="ramt">3.56</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Davenport. Edwards Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">100.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Des Moines. “Friends,” <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">32.60</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">De Witt. Cong. Ch., $22.23, Cong. Sab. Sch., -$4.79</td> -<td class="ramt">27.02</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Grinnell. “Friends” $55, Collected by -Miss Mary Magoun, <i>for Le Moyne Ind. Sch.</i>—Miss -S. Whitcomb’s S. S. Class, $1, <i>for -Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">56.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Iowa City. D. W. C. Clapp, $25.00, J. S. Turner, -$5, <i>for Talladega C.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Keokuk. F. N. French</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Postville. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Red Oak. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">15.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Tabor. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Tipton. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MISSOURI, $9.10.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amity. Cong. Ch. (ad’l)</td> -<td class="ramt">2.60</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Kahoka. Dea. Moses Allen</td> -<td class="ramt">1.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Laclede. “E. D. S. and S. A. S.”</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">KANSAS, $10.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Osawatomie. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MINNESOTA, $69.83.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Cannon Falls. First Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">7.88</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Medford. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Minneapolis. Plymouth Ch., $42.67; First -Cong. Ch., $11.78</td> -<td class="ramt">54.45</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Rushford. Wm. W. Snell</td> -<td class="ramt">1.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Saint Paul. Anna Baker</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NEBRASKA, $19.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Beatrice. Mrs. B. F. Hotchkiss</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Columbus. Cong. Ch., $3.50; Mrs. J. T. C., -50c.</td> -<td class="ramt">4.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Exeter. Mission Band, “Cheerful Givers,” -Cong. Ch., by Florence Dean</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Omaha. Mrs. Nancy M. Tracy</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">ARKANSAS, 50c.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Washington. Miss J. R. M.</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, $38.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Washington. “M. S. C.,” $20; First Cong. -Ch., $18</td> -<td class="ramt">38.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">MARYLAND, $10.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Federalsburg. Sarah A. Beals</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">TENNESSEE, $2.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Nashville. Individuals, by H. C. Gray</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">ALABAMA, $153.70.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Montgomery. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">144.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Selma. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">9.70</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">NORTH CAROLINA, $2.50.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Raleigh. Tuition</td> -<td class="ramt">2.50</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">SOUTH CAROLINA, $77.65.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Charleston. Cong. Ch., $46.65; “Friends,” -by Rev. Temple Cutler, $31</td> -<td class="ramt">77.65</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">TEXAS, $1.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Paris. Sab. Sch., by Rev. J. W. Roberts, <i>for -Mendi M.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">1.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">INCOME FUND, $4,198.00.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Avery Fund, <i>for Mendi M.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">3,138.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Le Moyne Fund</td> -<td class="ramt">660.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">C. F. Hammond Fund</td> -<td class="ramt">300.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">C. F. Dike Fund, <i>for Straight U.</i></td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">General Fund</td> -<td class="ramt">50.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">——</td> -<td class="ramt">0.50</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="total">Total for Sept.</td> -<td class="ramt">17,375.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="total">Total from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th</td> -<td class="ramt">$178,344.61<a class="pagenum" name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL -INST., AUSTIN, TEXAS.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Exeter, N. H. Mrs. A. F. Odlin and Miss E. -Bell, Box of Bedding and $2 <i>for Freight</i></td> -<td class="ramt">$2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hampton, N. H. Woman’s Missionary Soc., -by Mrs. L. E. Dow, $13 and Box of Bedding, -value $19.50</td> -<td class="ramt">13.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Andover, Mass. John Smith</td> -<td class="ramt">250.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Florence, Mass. A. L. Williston</td> -<td class="ramt">500.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Holliston, Mass. Ladies’ Benev. Society of -Cong. Ch., by Mrs. J. A. Johnson, Sec.</td> -<td class="ramt">12.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hopkinton, Mass. Ladies, by Mrs. Sarah B. -Crooks, $25; and Bbl. of Bedding, val. $25</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Northampton, Mass. Ladies of First Church, -by Miss Wright</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Hartford, Conn. Mrs. L. C. Dewing</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Jewett City, Conn. Ladies’ Sewing Soc., -$12.25 and Box of Bedding; “Friends,” 80 -vols. <i>for Library</i></td> -<td class="ramt">12.25</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Norwich, Conn. “A Friend”</td> -<td class="ramt">400.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Plantsville, Conn. Ladies’ Industrial Soc., -Bundle of Bedding.</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Putnam, Conn. Ladies of Second Cong. Ch., -by Mrs. Geo. Buck, $37.40, and Box of Bedding, -with 30 vols. <i>for Library</i></td> -<td class="ramt">37.40</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Round Hill, Conn. Mrs. Charles Knapp</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Wethersfield, Conn. Ladies, by Mrs. E. -John, $28 and Box of Bedding, value -$17.50; Rev. A. C. Adams, 50 vols. <i>for Library</i></td> -<td class="ramt">28.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Sag Harbor, N. Y. “A few Ladies,” by Mrs. -A. E. Westfall</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1"> Total</td> -<td class="ramt">1,356.65</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Previously acknowledged in August receipts</td> -<td class="ramt">6,238.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1"> Total</td> -<td class="ramt">$7,594.65</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR SCHOOL BUILDING, ATHENS, ALA.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Fredonia, N. Y. “Friends”</td> -<td class="ramt">30.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Jamestown, N. Y. Mrs. Bly’s S. S. Class</td> -<td class="ramt">10.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Mansfield, Ohio. Cong. Ch.</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">New Albany, Ind. Mrs. Sarah Conner</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Detroit, Mich. Mrs. Z. Eddy, $3; Mrs. Warner, -$5</td> -<td class="ramt">8.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Memphis, Mich. Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> -<td class="ramt">5.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Portland, Mich. Rev. J. L. Maile</td> -<td class="ramt">6.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Vermontville, Mich. Mrs. H., $1, Mrs. S. C., -$1</td> -<td class="ramt">2.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Selma, Ala. Cong. Sab. Sch.</td> -<td class="ramt">25.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="total">Total</td> -<td class="ramt">116.00</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Previously acknowledged in August receipts</td> -<td class="ramt">980.01</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="total">Total</td> -<td class="ramt">$1,096.01</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR NEGRO REFUGEES.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Received from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th</td> -<td class="ramt">444.75</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">—————</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="total">Total amount from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th, -1880</td> -<td class="ramt">$187,480.02</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">FOR MISSIONS IN AFRICA.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Received from Oct. 1st to Sept. 30th</td> -<td class="ramt">6,576.48</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">STONE FUND.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Received from Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, Malden, -Mass., at the hands of Messrs. P. S. -Page, I. M. Cutler, and W. H. Wilcox, -Trustees, for the benefit of the Educational -Institutions under the care of the -Association</td> -<td class="ramt">150,000.00</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<table class="receipts"> -<tr><td class="statehead" colspan="2">AVERY FUND.</td></tr> - -<tr> -<td class="sub1">Amount received from Executor</td> -<td class="ramt">408.92</td> -</tr> - -<tr> -<td class="ramt" colspan="2">—————</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="right" style="padding-right: 10%;">H. W. HUBBARD, <i>Treas.</i></p> -<p class="right">56 Reade St., N. Y.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></p> - - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>Constitution of the American Missionary Association.</h2> - -<p class="center">INCORPORATED JANUARY 30, 1849.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. I.</span> This Society shall be called “<span class="smcap">The American -Missionary Association</span>.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. II.</span> The object of this Association shall be to -conduct Christian missionary and educational operations, and -diffuse a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures in our own and other -countries which are destitute of them, or which present open and -urgent fields of effort.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. III.</span> Any person of evangelical sentiments,<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> who -professes faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is not a slaveholder, -or in the practice of other immoralities, and who contributes to -the funds, may become a member of the Society; and by the payment -of thirty dollars, a life member; provided that children and others -who have not professed their faith may be constituted life members -without the privilege of voting.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. IV.</span> This Society shall meet annually, in the month of -September, October or November, for the election of officers and -the transaction of other business, at such time and place as shall -be designated by the Executive Committee.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. V.</span> The annual meeting shall be constituted of -the regular officers and members of the Society at the time of -such meeting, and of delegates from churches, local missionary -societies, and other co-operating bodies, each body being entitled -to one representative.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VI.</span> The officers of the Society shall be a President, -Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretaries, -Treasurer, two Auditors, and an Executive Committee of not less -than twelve, of which the Corresponding Secretaries shall be -advisory, and the Treasurer ex-officio, members.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VII.</span> To the Executive Committee shall belong the -collecting and disbursing of funds; the appointing, counselling, -sustaining and dismissing (for just and sufficient reasons) -missionaries and agents; the selection of missionary fields; -and, in general, the transaction of all such business as usually -appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other -benevolent societies; the Committee to exercise no ecclesiastical -jurisdiction over the missionaries; and its doings to be subject -always to the revision of the annual meeting, which shall, by a -reference mutually chosen, always entertain the complaints of any -aggrieved agent or missionary; and the decision of such reference -shall be final.</p> - -<p>The Executive Committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies -occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings; -to apply, if they see fit, to any State Legislature for acts of -incorporation; to fix the compensation, where any is given, of all -officers, agents, missionaries, or others in the employment of the -Society; to make provision, if any, for disabled missionaries, and -for the widows and children of such as are deceased; and to call, -in all parts of the country, at their discretion, special and -general conventions of the friends of missions, with a view to the -diffusion of the missionary spirit, and the general and vigorous -promotion of the missionary work.</p> - -<p>Five members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for -transacting business.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. VIII.</span> This society, in collecting funds, in -appointing officers, agents and missionaries, and in selecting -fields of labor, and conducting the missionary work, will endeavor -particularly to discountenance slavery, by refusing to receive the -known fruits of unrequited labor, or to welcome to its employment -those who hold their fellow-beings as slaves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. IX.</span> Missionary bodies, churches or individuals -agreeing to the principles of this Society, and wishing to appoint -and sustain missionaries of their own, shall be entitled to do so -through the agency of the Executive Committee, on terms mutually -agreed upon.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Art. X.</span> No amendment shall be made to this Constitution -without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a -regular annual meeting; nor unless the proposed amendment has been -submitted to a previous meeting, or to the Executive Committee in -season to be published by them (as it shall be their duty to do, if -so submitted) in the regular official notifications of the meeting.</p> - - -<p>FOOTNOTE:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> By evangelical sentiments, we understand, among -others, a belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men -without a Saviour; the Supreme Deity, Incarnation and Atoning -Sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the only Saviour of the world; the -necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, repentance, faith and -holy obedience in order to salvation; the immortality of the soul; -and the retributions of the judgment in the eternal punishment of -the wicked, and salvation of the righteous.</p> - -<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></p></div> - -<hr class="full" /> -</div> - -<div class="article"> -<h2>The American Missionary Association.</h2> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<h3>AIM AND WORK.</h3> - -<p>To preach the Gospel to the poor. It originated in a sympathy with -the almost friendless slaves. Since Emancipation it has devoted -its main efforts to preparing the <span class="smcap">Freedmen</span> for their -duties as citizens and Christians in America and as missionaries -in Africa. As closely related to this, it seeks to benefit the -caste-persecuted <span class="smcap">Chinese</span> in America, and to co-operate -with the Government in its humane and Christian policy towards the -<span class="smcap">Indians</span>. It has also a mission in <span class="smcap">Africa</span>.</p> - - -<h3>STATISTICS.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Churches</span>: <i>In the South</i>—in Va., 1; N. C., 6; S. C., 2; -Ga., 13; Ky., 6; Tenn., 4; Ala., 14; La., 17; Miss., 4; Texas, 6. -<i>Africa</i>, 2. <i>Among the Indians</i>, 1. Total 76.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Institutions Founded, Fostered or Sustained in the -South.</span>—<i>Chartered</i>: Hampton, Va.; Berea, Ky.; Talladega, -Ala., Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville, Tenn.; Tougaloo, Miss., New -Orleans, La.; and Austin, Texas, 8. <i>Graded or Normal Schools</i>: at -Wilmington, Raleigh, N. C.; Charleston, Greenwood, S. C.; Savannah, -Macon, Atlanta, Ga.; Montgomery, Mobile, Athens, Selma, Ala.; -Memphis, Tenn., 12. <i>Other Schools</i>, 24. Total 44.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Teachers, Missionaries and Assistants.</span>—Among the -Freedmen, 284; among the Chinese, 22; among the Indians, 11; in -Africa, 13. Total, 330. <span class="smcap">Students</span>—In Theology, 102; Law, -23; in College Course, 75; in other studies, 7,852. Total, 8,052. -Scholars taught by former pupils of our schools, estimated at -150,000. <span class="smcap">Indians</span> under the care of the Association, 13,000.</p> - - -<h3>WANTS.</h3> - -<p>1. A steady <span class="medium">INCREASE</span> of regular income to keep pace with -the growing work. This increase can only be reached by <em>regular</em> -and <em>larger</em> contributions from the churches—the feeble as well as -the strong.</p> - -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Additional Buildings</span> for our higher educational -institutions, to accommodate the increasing numbers of students; -<span class="smcap">Meeting Houses</span> for the new churches we are organizing; -<span class="smcap">More Ministers</span>, cultured and pious, for these churches.</p> - -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Help for Young Men</span>, to be educated as ministers here -and missionaries to Africa—a pressing want.</p> - -<p>Before sending boxes, always correspond with the nearest A. M. A. -office, as below:</p> - -<p> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">New York</span> H. W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Boston</span> Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Room 21 Congregational House.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Chicago</span> Rev. Jas. Powell, 112 West Washington Street.</span><br /> -</p> - - -<h3>MAGAZINE.</h3> - -<p>This Magazine will be sent, gratuitously, if desired, to the -Missionaries of the Association; to Life Members; to all clergymen -who take up collections for the Association; to Superintendents of -Sabbath Schools; to College Libraries; to Theological Seminaries; -to Societies of Inquiry on Missions; and to every donor who does -not prefer to take it as a subscriber, and contributes in a year -not less than five dollars.</p> - -<p>Those who wish to remember the <span class="smcap">American Missionary -Association</span> in their last Will and Testament, are earnestly -requested to use the following</p> - - -<h3>FORM OF A BEQUEST.</h3> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">I bequeath</span> to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— -dollars in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to -the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer -of the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be -applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the -Association, to its charitable uses and purposes.”</p> - -<p>The will should be attested by three witnesses [in some States -three are required—in other States only two], who should write -against their names, their places of residence [if in cities, -their street and number]. The following form of attestation will -answer for every State in the Union: “Signed, sealed, published -and declared by the said [A. B.] as his last Will and Testament, -in presence of us, who, at the request of the said A. B., and in -his presence, and in the presence of each other, have hereunto -subscribed our names as witnesses.” In some States it is required -that the Will should be made at least two months before the death -of the testator.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xxlarge">PAYSON’S</p> -<p class="center xxxlarge">Indelible Ink,</p> -<p class="center"><b>FOR MARKING ANY FABRIC WITH A<br /> -COMMON PEN, WITHOUT A<br /> -PREPARATION.</b></p> -<hr class="tiny" /> -<p class="center"><b>It still stands unrivaled after 50 years’ test,</b></p> -<hr class="tiny" /> -<p class="center"><b><em>THE SIMPLEST & BEST.</em></b></p> -<p>Sales now greater than ever before.</p> -<p>This Ink received the Diploma and Medal at Centennial over all -rivals.</p> -<p>Report of Judges: “For simplicity of application and indelibility.”</p> -<hr class="tiny" /> -<p class="center medium">INQUIRE FOR</p> -<p class="center large"><b>PAYSON’S COMBINATION ! ! !</b></p> -<p>Sold by all Druggists, Stationers and News Agents, and by many -Fancy Goods and Furnishing Houses.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center">“IMPORTANT TO CLERGYMEN.”</p> -<p class="center large">Prince’s Improved Fountain Pen.</p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> - <img src="images/pen.jpg" width="400" height="30" alt="pen" /> -</div> -<p class="medium">As now improved, saves one-third the time.</p> -<p class="medium">“If I were bereft of it, I should feel myself bereft of my right -hand.”—<span class="smcap">Rev. Lyman Abbott</span>, <cite>Ed. Ch. Union</cite></p> -<p class="medium">Can be sent by mail in a registered letter. Send for circulars. -Manufactured by</p> -<p class="center large">JOHN S. PURDY,</p> -<p class="right">212 Broadway, Cor. Fulton St., New York.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center">NEW AND IMPROVED STYLES THIS SEASON.</p> -<div class="third center xlarge">MASON<br /> - <span class="small">AND<br /></span> - HAMLIN<br /> - ORGANS<br /> -</div> -<div class="tthirds" style="border-left: solid black 1px;"> -<div style="padding-left: 4px;"> -BEST IN THE WORLD: winners of highest distinction at <span class="medium">EVERY -GREAT WORLD’S FAIR FOR THIRTEEN YEARS</span>. Prices, $51, $57, $66, -$84, $108, to $508 and upward. For easy payments, $6.30 a quarter -and upward. Catalogues free. MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN CO., 154 Tremont -Street, Boston; 46 East 14th Street, NEW YORK; 149 Wabash Ave., -CHICAGO. -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> -<div class="advertisement"> - -<div class="third center"> - <img src="images/fleurdelis.jpg" width="100" height="153" alt="fleur de lis" /> -</div> -<div class="tthirds center"> -<span class="xlarge">J.<img src="images/icon2.jpg" width="20" height="16" alt="symbol" /> -&<img src="images/icon3.jpg" width="20" height="18" alt="symbol" /> -R.<img src="images/icon4.jpg" width="20" height="17" alt="symbol" /> -LAMB,<img src="images/icon5.jpg" width="30" height="18" alt="symbol" /></span> -<hr class="full" /> -59 Carmine St., N. Y. -<hr class="full" /> -<span class="large">CHURCH<img src="images/icon1.jpg" width="16" height="21" alt="symbol" />FURNISHERS</span> -<p class="center">Memorial Windows, Memorial Tablets,<br />Sterling Silver Communion Services.</p> -<p class="center">SEND FOR CIRCULAR.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xlarge">CLINTON H. MENEELY BELL COMPANY,</p> - <p class="center medium">Successors to Meneely & Kimberly,</p> - <p class="center"><b>BELL FOUNDERS, TROY, N. Y.</b></p> - <p class="medium">Manufacture a superior quality of BELLS.</p> - <p class="medium">Special attention given to <b>CHURCH BELLS</b>.</p> - <p class="medium"> - <img src="images/pointer.jpg" width="27" height="17" alt="hand pointing" /> - Catalogues sent free to parties needing bells. - </p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> -<p class="center xxxlarge">Brown Brothers & Co.</p> -<p class="center xlarge">59 WALL STREET,</p> -<p class="center large">NEW YORK.</p> -<p><b>Buy and Sell Bills of Exchange</b> on Great Britain and Ireland, -France, Germany, Belgium and Holland, <b>Issue Commercial and -Travelers’ Credits, in Sterling</b>, available in any part of the -world, and in <b>Francs</b> for use in Martinique and Guadeloupe. -</p> -<p class="center xlarge">Make Telegraphic Transfers of Money</p> -<p class="center medium">Between this and other countries, through London and Paris.</p> -<p><b>Make Collection of Drafts drawn abroad</b> in all parts of the -United States and Canada, and of <b>Drafts drawn in the United -States</b> on Foreign Countries. -</p> -<p><b>Travelers’ Credits</b> issued either against cash deposited or -satisfactory guarantee of repayment: In Dollars for use in the -United States and adjacent countries; or in Pounds Sterling for use -in any part of the World. Applications for credits may be addressed -as above direct, or through any first-class Bank or Banker. -</p> -<hr class="tenth" /> -<p class="center"><b>BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO.,</b></p> -<p class="center medium">26 Chapel St., Liverpool.</p> -<p class="center"><b>BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO.,</b></p> -<p class="center medium">Founder’s Court, Lothbury, London.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="advertisement"> - <p class="center xxlarge">W. & B. DOUGLAS,</p> - <p class="center large">Middletown, Conn.,</p> - <p class="center small">MANUFACTURERS OF</p> - <p class="center xxxlarge">PUMPS,</p> - <p>HYDRAULIC RAMS, GARDEN ENGINES, PUMP CHAIN AND FIXTURES, IRON -CURBS, YARD HYDRANTS, STREET WASHERS, ETC.</p> - <div> - <div class="float-left"> - <div class="figcenter" style="width: 153px;"> - <img src="images/pump.jpg" width="153" height="300" alt="pump" /> - </div> - </div> - <div class="float-left"> - <p>Highest Medal awarded them by the Universal Exposition at Paris, -France, in 1867; Vienna, Austria, in 1873; and Philadelphia, 1876.</p> - <hr class="tiny" /> - <p class="larger center">Founded in 1832.</p> - <hr class="tiny" /> - <p class="medium center">Branch Warehouses:</p> - <p class="center"><b>85 & 87 John St.</b></p> - <p class="center medium">NEW YORK,</p> - <p class="small center">AND</p> - <p class="center"><b>197 Lake Street,</b></p> - <p class="center medium">CHICAGO.</p> - <p class="larger center"><em>For Sale by all Regular Dealers.</em></p> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="box"> -<p class="center xlarge">THE THIRTY-FOURTH VOLUME</p> -<p class="center small">OF THE</p> -<p class="center xxxlarge">AMERICAN MISSIONARY,</p> -<p class="center xlarge">1880.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We have been gratified with the constant tokens of the increasing -appreciation of the <span class="smcap">Missionary</span> during the past year, and -purpose to spare no effort to make its pages of still greater value -to those interested in the work which it records.</p> - -<p>A little effort on the part of our friends, when making their own -remittances, to induce their neighbors to unite in forming Clubs, -will easily double our list, and thus widen the influence of our -Magazine, and aid in the enlargement of our work.</p> - -<p>Under the editorial supervision of Rev. <span class="smcap">C. C. Painter</span>, -aided by the steady contributions of our intelligent Missionaries -and teachers in all parts of the field, and with occasional -communications from careful observers and thinkers elsewhere, the -<span class="smcap">American Missionary</span> furnishes a vivid and reliable picture -of the work going forward among the Indians, the Chinamen on the -Pacific Coast, and the Freedmen as citizens in the South and as -Missionaries in Africa.</p> - -<p>It will be the vehicle of important views on all matters affecting -the races among which it labors, and will give a monthly summary of -current events relating to their welfare and progress.</p> - -<p>Patriots and Christians interested in the education and -Christianizing of these despised races are asked to read it, and -assist in its circulation.</p> - -<p>The Magazine will be sent gratuitously, if preferred, to the -persons indicated on page 384.</p> - -<p>Donations and subscriptions should be sent to</p> - -<p class="right large" style="padding-right: 10%;">H. W. HUBBARD, Treasurer,</p> -<p class="right">56 Reade Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<p class="center xlarge">TO ADVERTISERS.</p> - -<p>Special attention is invited to the advertising department of -the <span class="smcap">American Missionary</span>. Among its regular readers are -thousands of Ministers of the Gospel, Presidents, Professors and -Teachers in Colleges, Theological Seminaries and Schools; it is, -therefore, a specially valuable medium for advertising Books, -Periodicals, Newspapers, Maps, Charts, Institutions of Learning, -Church Furniture, Bells, Household Goods, &c.</p> - -<p>Advertisers are requested to note the moderate price charged for -space in its columns, considering the extent and character of its -circulation.</p> - -<p>Advertisements must be received by the <span class="medium">TENTH</span> of the -month, in order to secure insertion in the following number. All -communications in relation to advertising should be addressed to</p> - -<p class="center large">THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT,</p> -<p class="right">56 Reade Street, New York.</p> - -<hr class="tenth" /> - -<p class="medium"><img src="images/pointer.jpg" width="27" height="17" alt="hand pointing" /> Our friends who are interested in the Advertising Department -of the “American Missionary” can aid us in this respect by -mentioning, when ordering goods, that they saw them advertised in -our Magazine.</p> -</div> - -<p class="center small">DAVID H. GILDERSLEEVE, PRINTER, 101 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK.</p> - - - -<hr class="full" /> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes:</h2> - -<p>Obvious printer’s punctuation errors have been corrected. Letters -missing from printing, where an empty space had been left for the -letter, were inserted. Inconsistent hyphenation retained due to -multiple authors.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary, Volume 34, -No. 11, November 1880, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN MISSIOARY, NOV 1880 *** - -***** This file should be named 55008-h.htm or 55008-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/0/0/55008/ - -Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by Cornell University Digital Collections) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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